text:
The Choice (2016 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
The Choice
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Ross Katz
Produced by
Nicholas Sparks
Peter Safran
Theresa Park
Screenplay by
Bryan Sipe
Based on
The Choice
by Nicholas Sparks
Starring
Benjamin Walker
Teresa Palmer
Maggie Grace
Alexandra Daddario
Tom Welling
Tom Wilkinson
Music by
Marcelo Zarvos
Cinematography
Alar Kivilo
Edited by
Joe Klotz
Lucy Donaldson
Production
company
Nicholas Sparks Productions
The Safran Company
Distributed by
Lionsgate
Release date
February 5, 2016 (2016-02-05)
Running time
111 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$10 million[2]
Box office
$23.4 million[3]
The Choice is a 2016 American romantic drama film directed by Ross Katz and written by Bryan Sipe, based on Nicholas Sparks' 2007 novel of the same name about two neighbors who fall in love at their first meeting. The movie stars Benjamin Walker, Teresa Palmer, Maggie Grace, Alexandra Daddario, Tom Welling and Tom Wilkinson.
Principal photography began on October 13, 2014, in Wilmington, North Carolina. Lionsgate released the film on February 5, 2016.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
4 Reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical reception
5 Home media
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Travis Shaw (Benjamin Walker) is a veterinarian, living in the city of Wilmington, NC, who falls in love on his first meeting with Gabby Holland (Teresa Palmer), who has moved into the house next door. Gabby is a medical student who is in a relationship with a fellow doctor, Ryan McCarthy (Tom Welling). With Ryan out of state overseeing a new hospital opening, Gabby and Travis spend more time together, starting a relationship.
Ryan returns, and is keen to resume his relationship with Gabby. Unsure of her feelings, Gabby tells Travis that their relationship wasn't necessarily serious, so she says Yes to Ryan's marriage proposal. Monica (Alexandra Daddario) breaks up with Travis telling him she knows about him and Gabby, and that he should fight for her because they love each other. Travis goes to the hospital, only to find out Gabby left after she broke off her engagement with Ryan. Ryan punches him for the affair. Travis then goes to Gabby's family home to propose to her. After convincing her of his love, she says yes. They marry and over the course of the next few years they have two children and become a happy family.
One evening, after a dinner to which Travis has failed to show due to a work emergency, Gabby drives back home but is involved in an accident with another car. She survives but is now in a coma, which seems permanent. Travis, wracked with guilt, has to decide whether to take her off life support.
After a storm nearly destroys their house, Travis finds the wind chimes that Gabby had on her porch. Travis goes to his island and builds a gazebo and hangs the wind chimes there. The shell chime starts to ring in the wind and Travis runs to the hospital where Gabby has woken up from her coma. He takes her home where she is welcomed by the family and Travis' sister's newborn child. To make up for missing their dinner date they have one in the front yard, where she tells him she heard everything he said whilst in the coma. The last shot is of Travis and Gabby with their children and dogs sitting in the gazebo called Gabby's Point, looking out onto the shore and up at the stars.
Cast[edit]
Benjamin Walker as Travis Shaw
Teresa Palmer as Gabby Holland
Maggie Grace as Stephanie Shaw
Alexandra Daddario as Monica
Tom Welling as Dr. Ryan McCarthy
Tom Wilkinson as Dr. Shep
Noree Victoria as Liz
Brad James as Ben
Anna Enger as Megan
Wilbur Fitzgerald as Mr. Holland
Callan White as Mrs. Holland
Jesse C. Boyd as Matt
Dianne Sellers as Jackie
Brett Rice as Dr. McCarthy
Production[edit]
On June 10, 2014, Lionsgate acquired the American and United Kingdom rights to make a film adaptation of Nicholas Sparks' 2007 novel The Choice. Bryan Sipe wrote the script for the film, which Sparks, Theresa Park and Peter Safran produced.[4] On September 2, Ross Katz was set to direct the film, which Sparks co-financed and -produced with his Nicholas Sparks Productions, along with Safran's The Safran Company.[5] On September 30, Benjamin Walker was cast to play the lead role in the film, Travis Parker.[6] On the same day, Teresa Palmer was cast as the female lead, Gabby Holland.[7] On October 7, Tom Wilkinson was added to the cast to play Dr. Shep.[8] On October 8, Alexandra Daddario, Tom Welling, and Maggie Grace joined the film. Welling plays Ryan, a doctor at his father's practice who is Gabby's boyfriend, and Grace plays Travis' sister, Stephanie.[9]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began on October 13, 2014, in Wilmington, North Carolina,[10][11] and lasted through November 21.[12][13] For the first three days, the crew and extras filmed at the Dockside Restaurant & Bar and Bridge Tender Marina along with actors, near Wrightsville Beach.[14] On October 20, filming was taking place at Hanover Seaside Club in Wrightsville Beach.[15][15] The production later moved to downtown Wilmington, where filming took place in a house.[11][15]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
The Choice grossed $18.7 million in North America and $4.7 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $23.4 million.[3]
The film was released in North America on February 5, 2016, alongside Pride and Prejudice and Zombies and Hail, Caesar!. The film was projected to gross $7–9 million from 2,631 theaters in its opening weekend.[2] It made $290,000 from Thursday night previews and $6,050,443 in its opening weekend, finishing fifth at the box office behind Kung Fu Panda 3 ($21.2 million), Hail, Caesar! ($11.4 million), Star Wars: The Force Awakens ($7 million) and The Revenant ($6.9 million).[16][17][18]
Critical reception[edit]
The Choice received negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 11%, based on 79 reviews, with an average rating of 3.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Like the 10 Nicholas Sparks movies before it, The Choice finds tragedy striking star-crossed lovers in the sun-dappled South – yet even for those who loved its predecessors, this gauzy melodrama may feel painfully formulaic."[19] Metacritic reports a score of 26 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[20] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[17]
Frank Schenk of the Hollywood Reporter criticized the film as being "the cinematic equivalent of staring at a Hallmark Card for two hours."[21] A. A. Dowd of the A.V. Club called it "a formulaic mush".[22] Moira Macdonald of the Seattle Times wrote the film "moves inexorably to its inevitable tear-jerky end."[23] Andrew Barker of Variety describes the film as "beginning as a merely mediocre retread of standard Sparksian tropes, veering off into self-parody around the hour-mark, and finally concluding with one of the most brazenly cynical climaxes recently committed to film."[24] Devan Coggan of Entertainment Weekly concluded that the film was a "predictable, recycled mess."[25]
Home media[edit]
The Choice was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 3, 2016. The movie was released for inclusion in Amazon Prime membership in 2017.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "THE CHOICE (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. February 5, 2016. Retrieved February 5, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Box Office Plays Defense Against Super Bowl With Younger Skewing Fare". deadline.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Choice (2016)". The Numbers. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (June 10, 2014). "Lionsgate Acquires North American, UK Distribution Rights To Nicholas Sparks' Novel Adaptation 'The Choice'". deadline.com. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ Siegel, Tatiana (September 2, 2014). "Nicholas Sparks' Novel 'The Choice' Gets a Director". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (September 30, 2014). "'Abraham Lincoln: Vampire Hunter' Star Nabs Lead in Nicholas Sparks Adaptation 'The Choice'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "UPDATE: Teresa Palmer Joins Benjamin Walker In 'The Choice', Nicholas Sparks Adaptation From Lionsgate". deadline.com. September 30, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (October 7, 2014). "Tom Wilkinson Joins Nicholas Sparks' 'The Choice'". variety.com. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sneider, Jeff (October 8, 2014). "'True Detective's' Alexandra Daddario Joins Nicholas Sparks Adaptation 'The Choice'". thewrap.com. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nicholas Sparks Adaptation, The Choice, Begins Production in North Carolina". comingsoon.net. October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 14, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Spiers, Jonathan (October 13, 2014). "Cameras start rolling on Sparks film 'The Choice'". portcitydaily.com. Retrieved October 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Extras needed for upcoming scenes in 'The Choice'". wect.com. October 7, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nicholas Sparks' 'The Choice' begins filming next week". starnewsonline.com. October 10, 2014. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nicholas Sparks' 'The Choice' begins filming in Wilmington, NC next week; Extras needed". onlocationvacations.com. October 7, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c STRZALKOWSKI, BIANCA (October 20, 2014). ""The Choice" begins filming in Wrightsville Beach". luminanews.com. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Moviegoers Begin To 'Hail, Caesar!' & Walk To 'Zombies' On Thursday Night". deadline.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Kung Fu Panda 3' Pummeling 'Caesar', 'Zombies' & 'The Choice' At Weekend B.O." deadline.com.
Jump up ^ "The Choice (2016)". Boxofficemojo.com. 2016-02-05. Retrieved 2016-05-15.
Jump up ^ "The Choice (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Choice reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved February 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'The Choice': Film Review". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
Jump up ^ "The Choice is the same damn Nicholas Sparks movie we get every year". www.avclub.com. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
Jump up ^ "Tear-jerky: 'The Choice' is an interminable drag". The Seattle Times. 2016-02-04. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
Jump up ^ Barker, Andrew. "Film Review: 'The Choice'". Variety. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
Jump up ^ "'The Choice': EW review". Entertainment Weekly's EW.com. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Choice on IMDb
The Choice at Rotten Tomatoes
The Choice at Metacritic
hide
v
t
e
Nicholas Sparks
Novels
The Notebook (1996)
Message in a Bottle (1998)
A Walk to Remember (1999)
The Rescue (2000)
A Bend in the Road (2001)
Nights in Rodanthe (2002)
The Guardian (2003)
The Wedding (2003)
True Believer (2005)
At First Sight (2006)
Dear John (2006)
The Choice (2007)
The Lucky One (2008)
The Last Song (2009)
Safe Haven (2010)
The Best of Me (2011)
The Longest Ride (2013)
See Me (2015)
Two by Two (2016)
Every Breath (2018)
Non-fiction
Wokini: A Lakota Journey to Happiness and Self-Understanding (1990)
Three Weeks with My Brother (2004)
Film adaptations
Message in a Bottle (1999)
A Walk to Remember (2002)
The Notebook (2004)
Nights in Rodanthe (2008)
Dear John (2010)
The Last Song (2010)
The Lucky One (2012)
Safe Haven (2013)
The Best of Me (2014)
The Longest Ride (2015)
The Choice (2016)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Choice_(2016_film)&oldid=851938098"
Categories:
2016 films
English-language films
American films
2010s romantic drama films
American romantic drama films
Films based on works by Nicholas Sparks
Films set in North Carolina
Films shot in North Carolina
Lions Gate Entertainment films
Wilmington, North Carolina
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from January 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Magyar
日本語
Polski
Português
ไทย
Українська
Tiếng Việt
6 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 25 July 2018, at 15:00 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: p

attrs: colspan class style

attrs: scope style

values:
/wiki/Romantic_drama_film
mw-redirect
Romantic drama film

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.thechoice.movie/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3797868/
external text

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Films based on works by Nicholas Sparks

values: Category:Use mdy dates from January 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_Choice_(2016_film)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: The Choice – Bis zum letzten Tag – German

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q20748091 badge-notproofread

values: Η επιλογή (ταινία) – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: انتخاب (فیلم ۲۰۱۶) – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: きみがくれた物語 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: ถ้าเลือกได้ คือรักเธอ – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: Lựa chọn của trái tim (phim 2016) – Vietnamese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Choice_2016_film rootpage-The_Choice_2016_film skin-vector action-view


text:
Turning radius
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: No sources, needs better sectioning, needs better examples, and clarity in prose. Please help improve this article if you can. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Turning radius of a passenger car - wall-to-wall radius at the top, taking the front overhang into consideration, and curb-to-curb radius at the bottom.
The turning radius or turning circle of a vehicle is the radius (or, depending on usage, diameter) of the smallest circular turn (i.e. U-turn) that the vehicle is capable of making.
Turning radius of a vehicle depends on the vehicle type
Contents
1 Usage
2 Curb to curb
3 Common uses
4 See also
5 External links
Usage[edit]
The term turning radius is a technical term that has become popular automotive jargon. In the jargon sense, it is commonly used to mean the full diameter of the smallest circle, but in technical usage the turning radius is still used to denote the radius. The less ambiguous term turning circle avoids the mistaken jargon use of the word 'radius' . As an example, Motor Trend refers to a curb-to-curb turning circle of a 2008 Cadillac CTS as 35.5 feet (10.82 m), but the terminology is not yet settled. AutoChannel.com refers to the turning radius of the same car as 35.5 feet (10.82 m). It is often used as a generalized term rather than a numerical figure. For example, a vehicle with a very small turning circle may be described as having a "tight turning radius".
Curb to curb[edit]
Two different measurements can be quoted for a vehicle. A curb or curb-to-curb turning circle will show the straight-line distance from one side of the circle to the other, through the center. The name "curb-to-curb" indicates that a street would have to be this wide before this car can make a u-turn and not hit a street curb with a wheel. If you took the street curb and built it higher, as high as the car, and tried to make a u-turn in the street, parts of the car (bumper) would hit the wall. The name wall or wall-to-wall turning circle denotes how far apart the two walls would have to be to allow a u-turn without scraping the walls. One can find these two ways of measuring the turning circle used in auto specifications, for example, a van might be listed as having a turning circle (in meters) of 12.1(C)/12.4(W).
A notable exception in this description is of vehicles that are capable of spinning around their central axis, such as certain lawnmowers and wheelchairs as they do not follow a circular path as they turn. In this case the vehicle is referred to as a "zero turning radius" vehicle.
Some camera dollies used in the film industry have a "round" mode which allows them to spin around their z axis by allowing synchronized inverse rotation of their front and rear wheel sets, effectively giving them "zero" turning radius.
Common uses[edit]
Aeroplanes
Watercraft
Wheeled vehicles
See also[edit]
Breakover angle
Minimum railway curve radius
Overhang (automotive)
U-turn (maneuver)
External links[edit]
Vehicle Turning Radius explanation + visuals
Grounds Maintenance Magazine Article about Zero Radius Lawn Mowers
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Turning_radius&oldid=849635028"
Categories:
Vehicle technology
Engineering concepts
Hidden categories:
Articles needing cleanup from August 2017
All pages needing cleanup
Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from August 2017
Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from August 2017
Articles lacking sources from August 2017
All articles lacking sources
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Español
Français
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 July 2018, at 09:47 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: td

attrs: href title

value: b

value: span

value: i

value: small

value: tr

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Overhang_(automotive)
mw-redirect
Overhang (automotive)

values:
/wiki/U-turn_(maneuver)
mw-redirect
U-turn (maneuver)

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Z_axis#In_three_dimensions
mw-redirect
Z axis

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.sweptpath.com

values: Category:Articles needing cleanup from August 2017

values: Category:Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from August 2017

values: Category:Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from August 2017

values: Category:Articles lacking sources from August 2017

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Turning_radius
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Turning_radius rootpage-Turning_radius skin-vector action-view


text:
Etruscan architecture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tomb of the Reliefs at Banditaccia necropolis
The 2nd-century Porta Marzia at Perugia, its upper part built into a later wall
Detail of the Villa Giulia temple reconstruction
Etruscan architecture was created between about 700 BC and 200 BC, when the expanding civilization of ancient Rome finally absorbed Etruscan civilization. The Etruscans were considerable builders in stone, wood and other materials of temples, houses, tombs and city walls, as well as bridges and roads. The only structures remaining in quantity in anything like their original condition are tombs and walls, but through archaeology and other sources we have a good deal of information on what once existed.
From about 630 BC, Etruscan architecture was heavily influenced by Greek architecture, which was itself developing through the same period.[1] In turn it influenced Roman architecture, which in its early centuries can be considered as just a regional variation of Etruscan architecture. But increasingly, from about 200 BC, the Romans looked directly to Greece for their styling, while sometimes retaining Etruscan shapes and purposes in their buildings.[2]
The main monumental forms of Etruscan architecture, listed in decreasing order of the surviving remains, were: the houses of the wealthy elite, the mysterious "monumental complexes", temples, city walls, and rock-cut tombs. Apart from the podia of temples and some house foundations, only the walls and rock-cut tombs were mainly in stone, and have therefore often largely survived.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Temples
1.1 Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus
2 Monumental complexes
3 Houses
4 Tombs and tumuli
5 Walls and fortifications
6 Road network
7 Notes
8 Bibliography
Temples[edit]
The early Etruscans seem to have worshipped in open air enclosures, marked off but not built over; sacrifices continued to be performed outside rather than inside temples in traditional Roman religion until its end. It was only around 600 BC, at the height of their civilization, that they began to create monumental temples, undoubtedly influenced by the Greeks[4] That these buildings developed essentially from the largest types of Etruscan house has been both asserted and challenged.[5]
Usually, only the podium or base platform used stone, with the upper parts of wood and mud-brick, greatly reducing what survives for archaeologists.[6] However, there is evidence for the portico columns sometimes using stone, as at Veii.[7] This has left much about Etruscan temples uncertain. The only written account of significance on their architecture is by Vitruvius (died after 15 BC), writing some two centuries after the Etruscan civilization was absorbed by Rome. He describes how to plan a "Tuscan temple" that appears to be a Roman "Etruscan-style" ("tuscanicae dispositiones") temple of a type perhaps still sometimes built in his own day, rather than a really historically-minded attempt to describe original Etruscan buildings, though he may well have seen examples of these.[8]
Many aspects of his description fit what archaeologists can demonstrate, but others do not. It is in any case clear that Etruscan temples could take a number of forms, and also varied over the 400-year period during which they were being made.[9] Nonetheless Vitruvius remains the inevitable starting point for a description, and a contrast of Etruscan temples with their Greek and Roman equivalents. There are also a few model temples in pottery, and depictions on tombs or vases. Remains of the architectural terracotta elements sometimes survive in considerable quantities, and museums, mostly in Italy, have good collections of attractively shaped and painted antefixes in particular.[10]
Vitruvius specifies three doors and three cellae, one for each of the main Etruscan deities, but archaeological remains do not suggest this was normal, though it is found.[11] Roman sources were in the habit of ascribing to the Etruscans a taste for triads in things such as city planning (with three gates to cities, for example), in ways that do not seem to reflect reality.[12] The orientation of the temple is not consistent, and may have been determined by a priest watching the flight of birds at the time of foundation.[13]
Late terracotta pediment (part-reconstructed) from Talamone
The exteriors of both Greek and Roman temples were originally highly decorated and colourful, especially in the entablature and roofs, and this was if anything even more true of Etruscan temples. When wood was used for columns, the bases and capitals were often encased in painted terracotta.[14] All the edges of the roof were decorated, mostly in brightly painted terracotta, and there seem often to have been a row of sculptures along the central ridge of the roof, going beyond the acroterion group above a pediment in Greek and Roman temples. The Apollo of Veii was part of an acroterion group.[15] Substantial but broken remains of late sculptured pediment groups survive in museums, in fact rather more than from Greek or Roman temples, partly because the terracotta was not capable of "recycling" as marble was. The groups from Luni and Talamone (both now in Florence) are among the most impressive.[16]
Features shared by typical Etruscan and Roman temples, and contrasting with Greek ones, begin with a strongly frontal approach, with great emphasis on the front facade, less on the sides, and very little on the back. The podia are also usually higher, and can only be entered at a section of the front, just presenting a blank platform wall elsewhere. There may only be columns at the front portico.[17] In Etruscan temples, more than Roman ones, the portico is deep, often representing, as Vitruvius recommends, half of the area under the roof, with multiple rows of columns.[18]
At least in later temples, versions of Greek Aeolic, Ionic and Corinthian capitals are found, as well as the main Tuscan order, a simpler version of the Doric, but the attention to the full Greek detailing in the entablature that the Romans pursued seems to have been lacking. Fluted Tuscan/Doric columns can also be found, against Greek and later Roman conventions.[19]
Etruscan architecture shared with Ancient Egyptian architecture the use of large cavetto mouldings as a cornice, though not on the same massive scale. The cavetto took the place of the Greek cymatium in many temples, often painted with vertical "tongue" patterns (as in the reconstructed Etruscan temple at Villa Giulia, illustrated above), and combined with the distinctive "Etruscan round moulding", often painted with scales.[20]
Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus[edit]
Speculative model of the first Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus in Rome
The first building of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill was the oldest large temple in Rome, dedicated to the Capitoline Triad consisting of Jupiter and his companion deities, Juno and Minerva, and had a cathedral-like position in the official religion of Rome. Its first version was traditionally dedicated in 509 BC,[21] but in 83 BC it was destroyed by fire, and the rebuilt Greek-style temple completed in 69 BC (there were to be two more fires and new buildings). For the first temple Etruscan specialists were brought in for various aspects of the building, including making and painting the extensive terracotta elements of the entablature or upper parts, such as antefixes.[22] But for the second building they were summoned from Greece.
The first version is the largest Etruscan temple recorded,[23] and much larger than other Roman temples for centuries after. However, its size remains heavily disputed by specialists; based on an ancient visitor it has been claimed to have been almost 60 m × 60 m (200 ft × 200 ft), not far short of the largest Greek temples.[24] Whatever its size, its influence on other early Roman temples was significant and long-lasting.[25] Reconstructions usually show very wide eaves, and a wide colonnade stretching down the sides, though not round the back wall as it would have done in a Greek temple.[26] A crude image on a coin of 78 BC shows only four columns, and a very busy roofline.[27]
Temple plan, following Vitruvius and the Portonaccio Minerva temple, with 3 doors
Temple podium at Orvieto; above this level stone was probably not used
Temple of Apollo, Veii, with partial modern visualization
St Paul's, Covent Garden, London, 1630s, largely follows Vitruvius's directions for a "Tuscan temple", but lacks external decoration and colour.
Gorgon antefix, Orvieto, end 5th century. Heads of both Silenus and gorgons were common subjects for antefixes.
Antefix with Silenus, 500-490 BC
Antefix
Remains of terracotta pediment group from Luna (paler areas reconstructed).
Monumental complexes[edit]
Frieze from Acquarossa (Zone F)
"Monumental complex" or building is a term used for a few large sets of buildings relatively recently uncovered by archaeology, the term reflecting a lack of certainty over their function. The two leading examples are "the Archaic building" at Poggio Civitate and another at Acquarossa (Zone F); both are 6th-century or earlier. Both have sets of buildings round a courtyard, which use stone, at least in the foundations, roof tiles, and elaborate decorations in architectural terracotta. Their size is exceptional for their early date. One obvious possible function is as palatial dwellings; another is as civic buildings, acting as places for assembly, and commemoration of aspects of the community. Only the stone foundations and ceramic fragments remain for excavations to discover.[28]
Houses[edit]
It seems clear from the richer tombs that the Etruscan elite lived in fairly spacious comfort, but there is little evidence as to what their homes looked like, although some furniture is shown in tomb frescos. The rock-cut tomb chambers often form suites of "rooms", some quite large, which presumably resemble in part the atrium homes of the better-off Etruscans.[29] Unlike several of the necropoli, Etruscan cities have generally been built over from the Romans onwards, and houses have left little trace. Where remains survive, there are tightly-packed tufa bases, with perhaps mud-brick above, but in some places the lower parts of tufa walls survive even in small houses. One complete set of foundations shows a house 7.9m by 3.9m (25 x 13 feet).[30] At large farms, mines, quarries and perhaps other sites employing many people (many or mostly slaves), workers lived in dormitories.
Selection of hut urns
A form of models of houses in pottery, and sometimes bronze, called "hut urns" gives us some indications. These were apparently used to hold cremated ashes, and are found in the preceding Villanovan culture and early Etruscan burials, especially in northern areas.[31] The hut urns show a conventional model with a single interior space. They are usually round or slightly oval, often with prominent wooden beams laid in two rows on the sloping roof, which cross at the central ridge and project some way in "V"s into the air; these projections seem to have been sometimes carved or otherwise decorated. The urns always have a large square-ish door for access, sometimes two, and the outline of windows in the walls may be indicated by ridges or marks in the clay. There is very often a window and exit for smoke, above the door in the roof, and at the opposite end.[32]
Such houses were made of earth and organic materials, using mud brick and daub and wattle.[33] Stone hearths and perhaps stone rings at the base are found. Even the well-off seem rarely to have lived in stone houses, and rock-cut tomb chambers often represent wooden ceilings in stone. The "Tomb of the Reliefs" at Banditaccia suggests that possessions such as tools and weapons were often hung from the walls for storage.[34]
On the Palatine Hill in Rome, the Casa Romuli ("House of Romulus") was long preserved, and when necessary rebuilt as before. It was a hut made of wood posts and roof beams, wattle and daub walls and a thatched roof,[35] and possibly typical of ordinary Etruscan housing outside crowded city centres.[36] The site cannot be identified with certainty, but at one candidate location circle of six post-holes plus a central one have been found, cut into the tufa bedrock, with an ovoid 4.9m x 3.6m perimeter.
Tombs and tumuli[edit]
Banditaccia necropolis, Tomb of the Capitelli
Rich Etruscans left elaborate tombs, mostly gathered in large necropoli some way outside their cities. These were generously filled with grave goods,[37] especially ceramics, which give us most of our understanding of Etruscan culture.[38] Typically, in the tufa regions of southern Etruria, the burial chamber was cut from solid rock below ground, which is relatively easy with this rock, but there was a structure above, often rather large. In other regions they are normally built up above ground.[39] They were reused for further burials in the same family over several generations, and would often have become very crowded with sarchophagi and grave-goods, though the known survivals have now been emptied, either by looters or archaeologists.
Some tombs are stone buildings, often in rows, rather like small houses. Others are round tumuli with stone retaining walls, with steps down to rock-cut chambers below. Both types are found closely packed together in necropoli like Banditaccia and Monterozzi, the latter containing some 6,000 burials. Several different types of tombs have been identified, reflecting a development through time as well as differences in income. Some types clearly replicate aspects of the richer houses, with a number of connected chambers, columns with capitals, and rock-cut ceilings given beams.[40] Many tombs had fresco paintings, which does not seem to have been a Greek influence (though the style of the paintings are certainly based on Greek art), as the Greeks had ceased to use chamber tombs well before the Etruscans started to paint theirs in about 600; the Egyptians had also ceased painting tombs by then.[41]
Tombs at Banditaccia necropolis
Tombs at Banditaccia necropolis
Tumulus at Banditaccia necropolis
Maze of tumuli at Banditaccia necropolis
View from above of a crowded necropolis at Orvieto
Tomb entry at Banditaccia necropolis
Painted false door; the "hammerhead" surround is a frequent motif
Tomb of the Leopards, Tarquinia
Walls and fortifications[edit]
Wall at Orbetello
Etruscan cities, which often sat on hill-tops, became walled from about the 8th century, first in mud-brick, then often in stone. Even before the Romans began to swallow up Etruscan territory, Italy had frequent wars, and by the later period had Celtic enemies to the north, and an expanding Rome to the south.[42] There was an agger or rampart and a fossa or ditch in front of the wall. The towns had a number of gates where roads entered, which were sometimes given arched gateways. The best survivor of these is the 2nd-century Porta Marzia at Perugia (illustrated above) from the end of the period. Here, as in many cases, surviving work comes from the period just around the Roman takeover, but appears to represent Etruscan traditions. By the 4th century, Volterra had two walls, the second enclosing the whole city.[43]
The stonework is often of fine quality, sometimes using regular rectangular blocks in a rough ashlar, and sometimes "cyclopeian", using large polygonal blocks, partly shaped to fit each other, somewhat in the manner of the well-known Inca masonry, though not reaching that level of quality. Gaps are left, which are filled in with much smaller stones.[44]
Fiesole, town wall. Fairly regular blocks in courses
Polygonal masonry wall at Rusellae
Road network[edit]
Sunken road or via cava
Several important and unimportant Roman roads, such as the Via Cassia, overlie Etruscan precursors, but there are sufficient Etruscan sites that were neglected after their conquest to allow an understanding of the considerable Etruscan road system. Roads did not just run between cities, but out into the countryside to allow agricultural produce to be easily brought in.[45] While not as heavily engineered as Roman roads, considerable efforts went into creating a road surface that on major routes could be as wide as 10.4 metres, on a 12 kilometre stretch connecting Cerveteri with its port Pyrgi, made in the 5th century. This had a gravel surface, between tufo edging-blocks, and a central drainage channel.[46]
The Vie Cave, narrow cuttings often running deeply through hills, are probably little changed since Etruscan times. As well as connecting sites, these may have had a defensive function in times of war. Their construction may have mainly resulted from the wearing through soft tufo bedrock by iron-rimmed wheels, creating deep ruts that required the road to be frequently recut to a smooth surface. Their dating can only be deduced by that of settlements they pass between, and objects from tombs beside them.[47] The 7th and 6th centuries show a move to replace earlier tracks only suitable for mules and pedestrians with wider and more engineered roads capable of taking wheeled vehicles, using gentler but longer routes through hilly country.[48]
Bridges were common, though fords more so where these would suffice. Presumably many were in timber, but some at least used stone underneath a timber roadway.[49]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Boethius, 34; see Izzet, 20–21 for a discussion of Etruscan cultural importing in general
Jump up ^ Boardman, 220, 255
Jump up ^ Christofani
Jump up ^ Taylor
Jump up ^ Izzet, 19–21
Jump up ^ Boethius, 48; Christofani
Jump up ^ Banti, 31–32; Boethius, 59
Jump up ^ Christofani; Boethius, 33–34
Jump up ^ Banti, 31–32
Jump up ^ Banti, 32
Jump up ^ Christofani
Jump up ^ Boethius, 35
Jump up ^ Christofani
Jump up ^ Boethius, 59
Jump up ^ Boethius, 59–63; Boardman, 255
Jump up ^ Christofani; Banti, 31–32
Jump up ^ Christofani
Jump up ^ Christofani
Jump up ^ Boethius, 49–54
Jump up ^ Winter, 61-67; Another view of the reconstructed Etruscan temple at Villa Giulia
Jump up ^ Ab urbe condita, 2.8
Jump up ^ Stamper, 12–13
Jump up ^ Christofani; Boethius, 47
Jump up ^ Boethius, 47–48
Jump up ^ Stamper, 33 and all Chapters 1 and 2. Stamper is a leading protagonist of a smaller size, rejecting the larger size proposed by the late Einar Gjerstad.
Jump up ^ Christofani
Jump up ^ Denarius of 78 BC
Jump up ^ Meyers, 2–6
Jump up ^ Boethius, 75–89; Banti, 27–28; Christofani
Jump up ^ Boethius, 75–77
Jump up ^ Banti, 25; Boethius, 26–27
Jump up ^ Boethius, 26–27
Jump up ^ Banti, 25
Jump up ^ Christofani
Jump up ^ Richardson, 74
Jump up ^ Christofani
Jump up ^ Banti, 20–21, 26, 28
Jump up ^ Izzet, 16
Jump up ^ Banti, 21
Jump up ^ Christofani; Izzet, 16–17, cautions against transferring such details automatically
Jump up ^ Banti, 29
Jump up ^ Boethius, 33–34
Jump up ^ Christofani; Boethius, 66–68
Jump up ^ Boëthius et al, 67–68
Jump up ^ Izzet, 193–195
Jump up ^ Izzet, 193
Jump up ^ Izzet, 193
Jump up ^ Izzet, 194
Jump up ^ Izzet, 195
‹ The template below (Library resources box) is being considered for deletion. See templates for discussion to help reach a consensus. ›
Library resources about
Etruscan architecture
Online books
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
By Etruscan architecture
Online books
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
Bibliography[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Etruscan architecture.
Ara della Regina, Gravisca and Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni, "Tarquinia, sacred areas and sanctuaries on the Civita plateau and on the coast: "monumental complex," in The Etruscan World, edited by Jean MacIntosh Turfa, 2013, Routledge. ISBN 9780415673082.
Baglione, Maria Paola, "The Sanctuary at Pyrgi," in The Etruscan World, edited by Jean MacIntosh Turfa, 2013, Routledge. ISBN 9780415673082.
Banti, Luisa, Etruscan Cities and Their Culture, 1973, University of California Press, ISBN 0520019105, 9780520019102
Bizzarri, Claudio, "Etruscan Town Planning and Related Structures," in The Etruscan World, edited by Jean MacIntosh Turfa, 2013, Routledge. ISBN 9780415673082.
Boardman, John ed., The Oxford History of Classical Art, 1993, OUP, ISBN 0198143869
Axel Boëthius, Roger Ling, Tom Rasmussen, Etruscan and Early Roman Architecture, Yale University Press Pelican history of art, 1978, Yale University Press, ISBN 0300052901, 9780300052909, google books
Borrelli, Federica, Maria Cristina Targia, Stefano Peccatori, and Stefano Zuffi, The Etruscans: Art, Architecture, and History. J. Paul Getty Museum, 2004.
Cristofani, Mauro, et al. "Etruscan; Architecture", Grove Art Online,Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed April 9, 2016, subscription required
Edlund-Berry, Ingrid, "The architectural heritage of Etruria," in The Etruscan World, edited by Jean MacIntosh Turfa, 2013, Routledge. ISBN 9780415673082.
Izzet, Vedia, The Archaeology of Etruscan Society, 2007, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 1107320917, 9781107320918, google books
Meritt, Lucy Shoe, and Ingrid E. M. Edlund-Berry, Etruscan and Republican Roman Mouldings. 2nd ed. University Museum, University of Pennsylvania in cooperation with the American Academy in Rome, 2000.
Meyers, Gretchen E., in Michael Thomas, Gretchen E. Meyers (eds.), Monumentality in Etruscan and Early Roman Architecture: Ideology and Innovation, 2012, University of Texas Press, ISBN 0292749821, 9780292749825, google books
Richardson, L. Jr., A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, 1992, JHU Press, ISBN 0801843006, 9780801843006, google books
Sprenger, Maja, Gilda Bartoloni, Max Hirmer, and Albert Hirmer. The Etruscans: Their History, Art, and Architecture. H.N. Abrams, 1983.
Stamper, John, The architecture of Roman temples: the republic to the middle empire, Cambridge University Press, 2005
Taylor, Laurel, "Temple of Minerva and the sculpture of Apollo (Veii)", Khan Academy essay
Winter, Nancy A., "Monumentalization of the Etruscan Round Moulding in Sixth Century BCE Central Italy", in Monumentality in Etruscan and Early Roman Architecture: Ideology and Innovation, edited by Michael Thomas, Gretchen E. Meyers, 2012, University of Texas Press, ISBN 0292749821, 9780292749825, google books
--, "The phenomenon of terracotta: architectural terracottas," in The Etruscan World, edited by Jean MacIntosh Turfa, 2013, Routledge. ISBN 9780415673082.
[show]
v
t
e
Etruscan-related topics
History
Origins
Padanian Etruria
Founding of Rome
Tyrrhenus
Tyrrhenians
Tarchon
Caelius Vibenna
Capys
Lucius Tarquinius Priscus
Tanaquil
Servius Tullius
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
Aruns (son of Tarquinius Superbus)
Lars Porsena
Lars Tolumnius
Titus Vestricius Spurinna
Culture and society
Apollo of Veii
Architecture
Art
Chimera of Arezzo
Coins
Corpus Speculorum Etruscorum
Etruscan League
Etruscan names for Greek heroes
Etruscan Sibyl
Extispicy
Fanum Voltumnae
Haruspex
Jewelry
Lausus
Liver of Piacenza
Mezentius
Mythological figures
Mythology
Persius
Poppilia
Raeti
Religion
Sarcophagus of the Spouses
Tages
Terracotta warriors
Titus Lartius
Tomb of the Roaring Lions
Vulca
Military history
Battle of Alalia (540 BC–535 BC)
Siege of Rome (509 BC)
Siege of Rome (508 BC)
Battle of the Cremera (477 BC)
Battle of Cumae (474 BC)
Capture of Fidenae (435 BC)
Battle of Veii (c. 396 BC)
Battle of Lake Vadimo (310 BC)
Battle of Populonia (282 BC)
Language
Alphabet
Cippus Perusinus
Corpus Inscriptionum Etruscarum
English words of Etruscan origin
Lemnian language
Liber Linteus
Pyrgi Tablets
Raetic language
Spanish words of Etruscan origin
Tabula Capuana
Tabula Cortonensis
Tyrsenian languages
Archeology
Bucchero
Cuniculi
Etruscology
Impasto (pottery)
Monteleone Chariot
National Etruscan Museum
Negau helmet
Portonaccio
Tomb of Orcus
Tumulus of Montefortini
Vicus Tuscus
Key sites
Acquarossa
Adria
Aleria
Baratti
Bologna
Caere
Ceri
Cerveteri
Civita di Bagnoregio
Clusium
Cumae
Etruria
Falerii
Fescennia
Fidenae
Norchia
Orvieto
Perusia
Poggio Colla
Populonia
Pyrgi
Rusellae
San Giovenale
Spina
Tarquinia
Tuscania
Veii
Vetulonia
Vie Cave
Volsinii
Volterra
Vulci
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etruscan_architecture&oldid=807691593"
Categories:
Etruscan art
Italian architecture
Etruscans
Etruscan architecture
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 29 October 2017, at 15:47.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class

attrs: href class title

attrs: class style

values:
/wiki/Greek_architecture
mw-redirect
Greek architecture

values:
/wiki/Roman_architecture
mw-redirect
Roman architecture

values:
/wiki/Roman_religion
mw-redirect
Roman religion

values:
/wiki/Greek_temple
mw-redirect
Greek temple

values:
/wiki/Luna_(Etruria)
mw-redirect
Luna (Etruria)

values: Edit section: Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus

values:
gallery mw-gallery-traditional
max-width: 972px;_width: 972px;

values:
/wiki/Daub_and_wattle
mw-redirect
Daub and wattle

values: File:Villa Giulia ricostruzione del tempio etrusco 01.JPG

values:
/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita_(book)
mw-redirect
Ab urbe condita (book)

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2017 October 24

values: background-color: transparent; padding: 0; font-size:x-small; color:#000000; text-align: center; border-bottom:1px solid #AAAAAA;

values:
plainlist
padding:0 0.1em 0.4em;text-align:left;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/Grove_Art_Online
mw-redirect
Grove Art Online

values:
/wiki/File:GiorcesVeiiApollo1.jpg
image
Apollo of Veii

values:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Etruscan_culture
mw-redirect
Etruscan culture

values:
/wiki/Etruscan_League
mw-redirect
Etruscan League

values:
/wiki/Etruscan_religion
mw-redirect
Etruscan religion

values:
/wiki/Siege_of_Rome_(509_BC)
mw-redirect
Siege of Rome (509 BC)

values:
/wiki/Siege_of_Rome_(508_BC)
mw-redirect
Siege of Rome (508 BC)

values:
/wiki/Etruscan_alphabet
mw-redirect
Etruscan alphabet

values: List of English words of Etruscan origin

values:
/wiki/Raetic_language
mw-redirect
Raetic language

values: List of Spanish words of Etruscan origin

values:
/wiki/Monteleone_Chariot
mw-redirect
Monteleone Chariot

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Etruscan_architecture
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Etruscan_architecture rootpage-Etruscan_architecture vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
List of Michigan State Spartans bowl games
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting. (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Michigan State Spartans college football team competes as part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), representing Michigan State University in the Big Ten Conference (Big Ten). Since the establishment of the team in 1896, Michigan State has appeared in 26 bowl games.[1] Included in these games are five appearances in the Rose Bowl Game.[1][2] Through the history of the program, eight separate coaches have led the Spartans to bowl games with Mark Dantonio having the most appearances with nine. The Spartans currently have a bowl record of 11–15 (.423).
Contents
[hide]
1 Key
2 Bowl games
3 Notes
4 References
Key[edit]
General
Bowl game record attendance
Former bowl game record attendance
Results
W Win
L Loss
Bowl games[edit]
List of bowl games showing bowl played in, score, date, season, opponent, stadium, location, attendance and head coach[A 1]
#
Bowl
Score[A 2]
Date
Season[A 3]
Opponent[A 4]
Stadium
Location
Attendance[3]
Head coach
1
Orange Bowl
L 06 !L 6–0 000000001938-01-01-0000January 1, 1938 1937 Auburn Miami Orange Bowl Miami 18,972 !18,972 Bachman, CharlieCharlie Bachman
2
Rose Bowl
W 08 !W 28–20 000000001954-01-01-0000January 1, 1954 1953 UCLA Rose Bowl Pasadena 100,500 !100,500 Munn, ClarenceClarence Munn
3
Rose Bowl
W 03 !W 17–14 000000001956-01-01-0000January 1, 1956 1955 UCLA Rose Bowl Pasadena 100,809 !100,809 Daugherty, DuffyDuffy Daugherty
4
Rose Bowl
L 02 !L 14–12 000000001966-01-01-0000January 1, 1966 1965 UCLA Rose Bowl Pasadena 100,087 !100,087 Daugherty, DuffyDuffy Daugherty
5
Cherry Bowl
L 04 !L 10–6 000000001984-12-22-0000December 22, 1984 1984 Army Pontiac Silverdome Pontiac 70,332 !70,332 Perles, GeorgeGeorge Perles
6
All-American Bowl
L 03 !L 17–14 000000001985-12-31-0000December 31, 1985 1985 Georgia Tech Legion Field Birmingham 45,000 !45,000 Perles, GeorgeGeorge Perles
7
Rose Bowl
W 03 !W 20–17 000000001988-01-01-0000January 1, 1988 1987 USC Rose Bowl Pasadena 103,847 !103,847 Perles, GeorgeGeorge Perles
8
Gator Bowl
L 07 !L 34–27 000000001989-01-01-0000January 1, 1989 1988 Georgia Gator Bowl Jacksonville 76,236 !76,236 Perles, GeorgeGeorge Perles
9
Aloha Bowl
W 20 !W 33–13 000000001989-12-25-0000December 25, 1989 1989 Hawaii Aloha Stadium Honolulu 50,000 !50,000 Perles, GeorgeGeorge Perles
10
John Hancock Bowl
W 01 !W 17–16 000000001990-12-31-0000December 31, 1990 1990 USC Sun Bowl Stadium El Paso 50,562 !50,562 Perles, GeorgeGeorge Perles
11
Liberty Bowl
L 11 !L 18–7 000000001993-12-28-0000December 28, 1993 1993 Louisville Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium Memphis 34,216 !34,216 Perles, GeorgeGeorge Perles
12
Independence Bowl
L 19 !L 45–26 000000001995-12-29-0000December 29, 1995 1995 LSU Independence Stadium Shreveport 48,835 !48,835 Saban, NickNick Saban
13
Sun Bowl
L 38 !L 38–0 000000001996-12-31-0000December 31, 1996 1996 Stanford Sun Bowl Stadium El Paso 42,271 !42,271 Saban, NickNick Saban
14
Aloha Bowl
L 28 !L 51–23 000000001997-12-25-0000December 25, 1997 1997 Washington Aloha Stadium Honolulu 34,419 !34,419 Saban, NickNick Saban
15
Florida Citrus Bowl
W 03 !W 37–34 000000002000-01-01-0000January 1, 2000 1999 Florida Citrus Bowl Orlando 54,866 !62,011 Williams, BobbyBobby Williams
16
Silicon Valley Classic
W 09 !W 44–35 000000002001-12-31-0000December 31, 2001 2001 Fresno State Spartan Stadium San Jose 30,456 !30,456 Williams, BobbyBobby Williams
17
Alamo Bowl
L 14 !L 17–3 000000002003-12-29-0000December 29, 2003 2003 Nebraska Alamodome San Antonio 56,226 !56,226 Smith, John L.John L. Smith
18
Champs Sports Bowl
L 03 !L 24–21 000000002007-12-28-0000December 28, 2007 2007 Boston College Citrus Bowl Orlando 46,554 !46,554 Dantonio, MarkMark Dantonio
19
Capital One Bowl
L 12 !L 24–12 000000002009-01-01-0000January 1, 2009 2008 Georgia Citrus Bowl Orlando 59,681 !59,681 Dantonio, MarkMark Dantonio
20
Alamo Bowl
L 10 !L 41–31 000000002010-01-02-0000January 2, 2010 2009 Texas Tech Alamodome San Antonio 64,757 !64,757 Dantonio, MarkMark Dantonio
21
Capital One Bowl
L 42 !L 49–7 000000002011-01-01-0000January 1, 2011 2010 Alabama Citrus Bowl Orlando 61,519 !61,519 Dantonio, MarkMark Dantonio
22
Outback Bowl
W 03 !W 33–30 000000002012-01-02-0000January 2, 2012 2011 Georgia Raymond James Stadium Tampa 49,429 !49,429 Dantonio, MarkMark Dantonio
23
Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl
W 01 !W 17–16 000000002012-12-29-0000December 29, 2012 2012 TCU Sun Devil Stadium Tempe 44,617 !44,617 Dantonio, MarkMark Dantonio
24
Rose Bowl
W 04 !W 24–20 000000002014-01-01-0000January 1, 2014 2013 Stanford Rose Bowl Pasadena 95,173 !95,173 Dantonio, MarkMark Dantonio
25
Cotton Bowl Classic
W 01 !W 42–41 000000002015-01-01-0000January 1, 2015 2014 Baylor AT&T Stadium Arlington 71,464 !71,464 Dantonio, MarkMark Dantonio
26
Cotton Bowl Classic
L 38 !L 38–0 000000002015-12-31-0000December 31, 2015 2015 Alabama AT&T Stadium Arlington 82,812 !82,812 Dantonio, MarkMark Dantonio
27
Holiday Bowl
W 01 !W 42-17 000000002017-12-28-0000December 28, 2017 2017 Washington State SDCCU Stadium San Diego Dantonio, MarkMark Dantonio
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Statistics correct as of 2012–13 NCAA football bowl games.
Jump up ^ Results are sortable first by whether the result was a Michigan State win, loss or tie and then second by the margin of victory.
Jump up ^ Links to the season article for the Michigan State team that competed in the bowl for that year.
Jump up ^ Links to the season article for the opponent that Michigan State competed against in the bowl for that year when available or to their general page when unavailable.
References[edit]
General
National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). "Bowl/All-Star Game Records" (PDF). 2012 NCAA Division I Football Records. NCAA.org. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
Specific
^ Jump up to: a b Bowl/All-Star Game Records, p. 13
Jump up ^ Bowl/All-Star Game Records, p. 3
Jump up ^ Bowl/All-Star Game Records, pp. 31–37
[show]
v
t
e
Michigan State Spartans bowl games
1938 Orange Bowl
1954 Rose Bowl
1956 Rose Bowl
1966 Rose Bowl
1984 Cherry Bowl
1985 Hall of Fame Classic
1988 Rose Bowl
1989 Gator Bowl
1989 Aloha Bowl
1990 John Hancock Bowl
1993 Liberty Bowl
1995 Independence Bowl
1996 Sun Bowl
1997 Aloha Bowl
2000 Florida Citrus Bowl
2001 Silicon Valley Football Classic
2003 Alamo Bowl
2007 Champs Sports Bowl
2009 Capital One Bowl
2010 Alamo Bowl
2011 Capital One Bowl
2012 Outback Bowl
2012 Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl
2014 Rose Bowl
2015 Cotton Bowl Classic (Jan)
2015 Cotton Bowl Classic (Dec) /
2017 Holiday Bowl
Forward slash (/) denotes College Football Playoff semifinal game
[show]
v
t
e
Michigan State Spartans football
Venues
Old College Field (1902–1922)
Spartan Stadium (1923–present)
Bowls & rivalries
Bowl games
Indiana (Old Brass Spittoon)
Michigan (Paul Bunyan Trophy)
Notre Dame (Megaphone Trophy)
Ohio State
Penn State (Land Grant Trophy)
Culture & lore
Sparty
"Victory for MSU"
Marching band
Zeke the Wonder Dog
Winged football helmet
1966 "Game of the Century"
Clockgate
2006 Northwestern game
People
Head coaches
Statistical leaders
NFL draftees
Seasons
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
National championship seasons in bold
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Michigan_State_Spartans_bowl_games&oldid=817567162"
Categories:
Lists of college bowl games by team
Michigan State Spartans football bowl games
Michigan sports-related lists
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia references cleanup from July 2013
All articles needing references cleanup
Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from July 2013
All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify
Articles with hCards
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 29 December 2017, at 05:59.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: tbody

value: table

attrs: class role

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-citation_style

values: National Collegiate Athletic Association

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

values: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:50%;

values:
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: 1937 Michigan State Spartans football team

values:
/wiki/Miami,_Florida
mw-redirect
Miami, Florida

values: 1953 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1955 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1965 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1984 Michigan State Spartans football team

values:
/wiki/1985_All-American_Bowl
mw-redirect
1985 All-American Bowl

values: 1985 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1985 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team

values: 1987 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1988 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1989 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1989 Hawaii Rainbows football team (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Honolulu,_Hawaii
mw-redirect
Honolulu, Hawaii

values: 1990 Michigan State Spartans football team

values:
/wiki/Sun_Bowl_Stadium
mw-redirect
Sun Bowl Stadium

values: 1993 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1995 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1996 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1997 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1999 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2001 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2001 Fresno State Bulldogs football team

values:
/wiki/Spartan_Stadium_(San_Jose)
mw-redirect
Spartan Stadium (San Jose)

values: 2003 Michigan State Spartans football team

values:
/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas
mw-redirect
San Antonio, Texas

values: 2007 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2007 Boston College Eagles football team

values: 2008 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2009 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2009 Texas Tech Red Raiders football team

values: 2010 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2011 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2012 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2013 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2014 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2015 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2017 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2017 Washington State Cougars football team

values:
/wiki/San_Diego,_California
mw-redirect
San Diego, California

values:
/wiki/Margin_of_victory
mw-redirect
Margin of victory

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: background-color:#18453B;color:white;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #97A2A2, inset -2px -2px 0 #97A2A2; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #97A2A2, inset -2px -2px 0 #97A2A2; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #97A2A2, inset -2px -2px 0 #97A2A2;;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;

values: Template:Michigan State Spartans bowl game navbox

values: Template talk:Michigan State Spartans bowl game navbox

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:Michigan State Spartans football navbox

values: Template talk:Michigan State Spartans football navbox

values: background-color:#18453B;color:white;-moz-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #97A2A2, inset -2px -2px 0 #97A2A2; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #97A2A2, inset -2px -2px 0 #97A2A2; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #97A2A2, inset -2px -2px 0 #97A2A2;;width:1%

values: Spartan Stadium (East Lansing, Michigan)

values: Michigan–Michigan State football rivalry

values: Michigan State–Notre Dame football rivalry

values: Michigan State–Ohio State football rivalry

values: Michigan State–Penn State football rivalry

values: Michigan State University Spartan Marching Band

values: 1966 Notre Dame vs. Michigan State football game

values: 2001 Michigan vs. Michigan State football game

values: 2006 Michigan State vs. Northwestern football game

values: List of Michigan State Spartans head football coaches (page does not exist)

values: Michigan State Spartans football statistical leaders

values: List of Michigan State Spartans in the NFL Draft

values: List of Michigan State Spartans football seasons

values: 1896 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1897 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1898 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1899 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1900 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1901 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1902 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1903 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1904 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1905 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1906 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1907 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1908 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1909 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1910 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1911 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1912 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1913 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1914 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1915 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1916 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1917 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1918 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1919 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1920 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1921 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1922 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1923 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1924 Michigan Agricultural Aggies football team

values: 1925 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1926 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1927 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1928 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1929 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1930 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1931 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1932 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1933 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1934 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1935 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1936 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1938 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1939 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1940 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1941 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1942 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1944 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1945 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1946 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1947 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1948 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1949 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1950 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1951 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1952 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1954 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1956 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1957 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1958 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1959 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1960 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1961 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1962 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1963 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1964 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1966 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1967 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1968 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1969 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1970 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1971 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1972 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1973 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1974 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1975 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1976 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1977 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1978 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1979 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1980 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1981 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1982 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1983 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1986 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1991 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1992 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1994 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 1998 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2000 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2002 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2004 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2005 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2006 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2016 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: 2018 Michigan State Spartans football team

values: Category:Lists of college bowl games by team

values: Category:Michigan State Spartans football bowl games

values: Category:Wikipedia references cleanup from July 2013

values: Category:All articles needing references cleanup

values: Category:Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from July 2013

values: Category:All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-List_of_Michigan_State_Spartans_bowl_games rootpage-List_of_Michigan_State_Spartans_bowl_games skin-vector action-view