text:
Google Search
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 September 2017.
Jump to: navigation, search
"Famous web search engine" redirects here. For information about search engine popularity, see Web search engine § Market share.
"Google.com" redirects here. For the company itself, see Google.
Google Search
Screenshot [show]
Google Search homepage as of September 1, 2015
Type of site
Web search engine
Available in
123 languages
Owner
Google (Alphabet)
Revenue
AdWords
Website
Google.com (US)
IPv6 support
Yes, by arrangement[1] or ipv6.google.com
Alexa rank
1 (February 2017[update])[2]
Commercial
Yes
Registration
Optional
Users
4.5+ billion active users
Launched
September 15, 1997; 20 years ago (1997-09-15)[3]
Current status
Active
Written in
Python, C, C++[4]
Google Search, commonly referred to as Google Web Search or simply Google, is a web search engine developed by Google. It is the most-used search engine on the World Wide Web,[5] handling more than three billion searches each day.[6][7] As of February 2016[update], it is the most used search engine in the US with 64.0% market share.[8]
The order of search on Google's search-results pages is based, in part, on a priority rank called a "PageRank". Google Search provides many different options for customized search, using Boolean operators such as exclusion ("-xx"), alternatives ("xx OR yy OR zz"), and wildcards ("Winston * Churchill" returns "Winston Churchill", "Winston Spencer Churchill", etc.).[9] The same and other options can be specified in a different way on an Advanced Search page.
The main purpose of Google Search is to hunt for text in publicly accessible documents offered by web servers, as opposed to other data, such as images or data contained in databases. It was originally developed by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1997.[3] Google Search provides several features beyond searching for words.[10] These include synonyms, weather forecasts, time zones, stock quotes, maps, earthquake data, movie showtimes, airports, home listings, and sports scores. There are special features for numbers, dates, and some specific forms, including ranges,[11] prices, temperatures, money and measurement unit conversions, calculations, package tracking, patents, area codes,[10] and language translation. In June 2011 Google introduced "Google Voice Search" to search for spoken, rather than typed, words.[12] In May 2012 Google introduced a Knowledge Graph semantic search feature in the U.S.
Analysis of the frequency of search terms may indicate economic, social and health trends.[13] Data about the frequency of use of search terms on Google can be openly inquired via Google Trends and have been shown to correlate with flu outbreaks and unemployment levels, and provide the information faster than traditional reporting methods and surveys. As of mid-2016, Google’s search engine has begun to rely on these deep neural networks.[14]
In October 2016, Gary Illyes, a webmaster trends analyst with Google, announced that the search engine will be making a new, primary web index dedicated for mobile, with a secondary, less up-to-date index for desktop use. The change is a response from the continued growth in mobile, and a push for web developers to adopt a mobile-friendly version of their websites. Illyes stated the change will happen in "months".[15]
Competitors of Google include Baidu and Soso.com in China; Naver.com and Daum.net in South Korea; Yandex in Russia; Seznam.cz in the Czech Republic; Yahoo in Japan, Taiwan and the US, as well as Bing and DuckDuckGo.[16] Some smaller search engines offer facilities not available with Google, e.g. not storing any private or tracking information; one such search engine is Ixquick.
Contents
[hide]
1 Search
1.1 PageRank
1.2 Search products
1.3 Non-indexable data
1.4 Google optimization
1.5 Universal search
1.6 Dedicated mobile search results
2 Functionality
2.1 Search syntax
2.2 Query expansion
2.3 "I'm Feeling Lucky"
2.4 Rich snippets
2.5 Rich Card
2.6 Special features
2.7 Search options
2.8 Error messages
2.8.1 January 2009 malware bug
2.9 Google Doodles
2.10 Google Caffeine
2.11 Conversational search (OK Google)
2.12 Hummingbird update
2.13 Knowledge Graph
2.14 Personal tab
2.15 Google for Jobs
3 Privacy
3.1 Encrypted search
3.2 FTC fines
4 Search suggestion
5 Instant search
6 Redesign
7 Smartphone app
8 International
9 Search products
10 Energy consumption
11 Possible misuse of search results
12 Predicting behavior
13 See also
14 References
15 Further reading
16 External links
Search[edit]
PageRank[edit]
Main article: PageRank
Google's rise to success was largely due to a patented algorithm called PageRank that helps rank web pages that match a given search string.[17] When Google was a Stanford research project, it was nicknamed BackRub because the technology checks backlinks to determine a site's importance. Previous keyword-based methods of ranking search results, used by many search engines that were once more popular than Google, would rank pages by how often the search terms occurred in the page, or how strongly associated the search terms were within each resulting page. The PageRank algorithm instead analyzes human-generated links assuming that web pages linked from many important pages are themselves likely to be important. The algorithm computes a recursive score for pages, based on the weighted sum of the PageRanks of the pages linking to them. PageRank is thought to correlate well with human concepts of importance. In addition to PageRank, Google, over the years, has added many other secret criteria for determining the ranking of pages on result lists, reported to be over 250 different indicators,[18][19] the specifics of which are kept secret to keep spammers at bay and help Google maintain an edge over its competitors globally.
In a potential hint of Google's future direction for their Search algorithm, Eric Schmidt, Google's then chief executive, said in a 2007 interview with the Financial Times: "The goal is to enable Google users to be able to ask the question such as 'What shall I do tomorrow?' and 'What job shall I take?'".[20] Schmidt reaffirmed this during a 2010 interview with the Wall Street Journal: "I actually think most people don't want Google to answer their questions, they want Google to tell them what they should be doing next."[21]
In 2013 the European Commission found that Google Search favored Google's own products, instead of offering consumers the best result for their needs.[22] In February 2015 Google announced a major change to its mobile search algorithm which would favor mobile friendly over other websites. Nearly 60% of Google's online search traffic comes from mobile phones. Google says it wants its users to have access to premium quality websites. Those websites which lack a mobile friendly interface would be demoted and it is expected that this update will cause a shake-up of ranks. Businesses who fail to update their websites accordingly could see a dip in their regular websites traffic.[23]
Search products[edit]
The exact percentage of the total of web pages that Google indexes is not known, as it is very difficult to accurately calculate. Google presents a two-line summary and also a preview of each search result, which includes a link to a cached (stored), usually older version of the page.
Google's cache link in its search results provides a way of retrieving information from websites that have recently gone down and a way of retrieving data more quickly than by clicking the direct link. This feature is still available, but many users are not aware of this because it has been moved to the previews of the search results presented next to these.[24][25]
Google not only indexes and caches web pages, but also takes "snapshots" of other file types, which include PDF, Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, Flash SWF, plain text files, and so on.[26] Except in the case of text and SWF files, the cached version is a conversion to (X)HTML, allowing those without the corresponding viewer application to read the file. Users can customize the search engine, by setting a default language, using the "SafeSearch" filtering technology and set the number of results shown on each page. Google has been criticized for placing long-term cookies on users' machines to store these preferences, a tactic which also enables them to track a user's search terms and retain the data for more than a year.[27]
In 2012, Google changed its rankings to demote sites that had been accused of piracy, except the Google-owned YouTube site.[28]
Non-indexable data[edit]
Despite its immense index, there is also a considerable amount of data available in online databases which are accessible by means of queries but not by links. This so-called invisible or deep Web is minimally covered by Google and other search engines.[29] The deep Web contains library catalogs, official legislative documents of governments, phone books, and other content which is dynamically prepared to respond to a query.
Google optimization[edit]
Main article: Search engine optimization
Because Google is the most popular search engine, many webmasters have become eager to influence their website's Google rankings. An industry of consultants has arisen to help websites increase their rankings on Google and on other search engines. This field, called search engine optimization, attempts to discern patterns in search engine listings, and then develop a methodology for improving rankings to draw more searchers to their client's sites. Search engine optimization encompasses both "on page" factors (like body copy, title elements, H1 heading elements and image alt attribute values) and Off Page Optimization factors (like anchor text and PageRank). The general idea is to affect Google's relevance algorithm by incorporating the keywords being targeted in various places "on page", in particular the title element and the body copy (note: the higher up in the page, presumably the better its keyword prominence and thus the ranking). Too many occurrences of the keyword, however, cause the page to look suspect to Google's spam checking algorithms. Google has published guidelines for website owners who would like to raise their rankings when using legitimate optimization consultants.[30] It has been hypothesized, and, allegedly, is the opinion of the owner of one business about which there have been numerous complaints, that negative publicity, for example, numerous consumer complaints, may serve as well to elevate page rank on Google Search as favorable comments.[31] The particular problem addressed in The New York Times article, which involved DecorMyEyes, was addressed shortly thereafter by an undisclosed fix in the Google algorithm. According to Google, it was not the frequently published consumer complaints about DecorMyEyes which resulted in the high ranking but mentions on news websites of events which affected the firm such as legal actions against it. Google Search Console helps to check for websites that use duplicate or copyright content.[32]
Universal search[edit]
Universal search was launched by Google on May 16, 2007. It was an idea which merged the results from different searches into one. Prior to Universal search, a standard Google search would consist of links to different websites. Universal search incorporates a wide variety of information such as websites, news, pictures, maps, blogs, videos, and more to display as search results. Marissa Mayer, VP of Search Products & User Experience during Universal search launch, described the goal of universal search, "With Universal search, we're attempting to break down the walls that traditionally separated our various search properties and integrate the vast amounts of information available into one simple set of search results… We want to help you find the very best answer, even if you don't know where to look."[33]
Dedicated mobile search results[edit]
In October 2016, Gary Illyes, a webmaster trends analyst with Google, announced that the search engine will be making a new, primary web index dedicated for mobile, with a secondary, less up-to-date index for desktop use. The change is a response from the continued growth in mobile, and a push for web developers to adopt a mobile-friendly version of their websites. Illyes stated the change will happen in "months".[15]
Functionality[edit]
A definition link is provided for many search terms.
Google search consists of a series of localized websites. The largest of those, the google.com site, is the top most-visited website in the world.[34] Some of its features include a definition link for most searches including dictionary words, the number of results you got on your search, links to other searches (e.g. for words that Google believes to be misspelled, it provides a link to the search results using its proposed spelling), and many more.
Search syntax[edit]
Google's search engine normally accepts queries as a simple text, and breaks up the user's text into a sequence of search terms, which will usually be words that are to occur in the results, but one can also use Boolean operators, such as quotations marks (") for a phrase, a prefix such as "+", "-" for qualified terms (no longer valid, the '+' was removed from Google on October 19, 2011),[35] or one of several advanced operators, such as "site:". The webpages of "Google Search Basics"[36] describe each of these additional queries and options (see below: Search options). Google's Advanced Search web form gives several additional fields which may be used to qualify searches by such criteria as date of first retrieval.
Query expansion[edit]
Google applies query expansion to the submitted search query, transforming it into the query that will actually be used to retrieve results. As with page ranking, the exact details of the algorithm Google uses are deliberately obscure, but certainly the following transformations are among those that occur:
Term reordering: in information retrieval this is a standard technique to reduce the work involved in retrieving results. This transformation is invisible to the user, since the results ordering uses the original query order to determine relevance.
Stemming is used to increase search quality by keeping small syntactic variants of search terms.[37]
There is a limited facility to fix possible misspellings in queries.
"I'm Feeling Lucky"[edit]
"I'm Feeling Lucky" redirects here. For the 2011 book by Douglas Edwards, see I'm Feeling Lucky (book).
Google's homepage includes a button labeled "I'm Feeling Lucky". Prior to a change[38] in 2012, when a user typed in a search and clicked on the button the user would be taken directly to the first search result, bypassing the search engine results page. The idea was that if a user is "feeling lucky", the search engine would return the perfect match the first time without having to page through the search results. According to a study by Tom Chavez of "Rapt", this feature cost Google $110 million a year as 1% of all searches use this feature and bypass all advertising.[39]
With the introduction of Google Instant, the functionality of the button behaves differently.[40] Currently, the "I'm Feeling Lucky" button changes based on the user's settings and what webpage users are at. If Google Instant is turned off, the button will work as it previously did or, if the search box is empty, redirect to the Google Doodles gallery. If Google Instant is turned on and a user hovers over the button, the button text will spin and land on a phrase that starts with "I'm feeling" (e.g. "I'm feeling hungry" or "I'm feeling smart"). Each phrase links to a Google page related to the associated phrase.
Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox used "I'm Feeling Lucky" as the default search string when the user entered a query in the location bar; this functionality was deprecated in later versions.[41]
Rich snippets[edit]
See also: Google Searchology § Rich Snippet
On May 12, 2009, Google announced that they would be parsing the hCard, hReview, and hProduct microformats and using them to populate search result pages with what they called "Rich Snippets".[42]
Rich Card[edit]
See also: Google Searchology § Rich Snippet
On May 17, 2016, Google announce a new search result format builder called "Rich Card". Rich cards are similar like Rich snippet, use schema.org Structured markup to showcase the content in a new visual format. Rich card for four content categories: Recipes, Events, Product and Reviews.[43][44]
Special features[edit]
Besides the main search-engine feature of searching for text, Google Search has more than 22 "special features" (activated by entering any of dozens of trigger words) when searching:[10][11][45]
weather – The weather conditions, temperature, wind, humidity, and forecast,[10] for many cities can be viewed by typing "weather" along with a city for larger cities or city and state, U.S. zip code, or city and country for smaller cities (such as: weather Lawrence, Kansas; weather Paris; weather Bremen, Germany).
stock quotes – The market data[10] for a specific company or fund can be viewed by typing the ticker symbol (or include "stock"), such as: CSCO; MSFT; IBM stock; F stock (lists Ford Motor Co.); or AIVSX (fund). Results show inter-day changes, or 5-year graph, etc. This does not work for many stock names which are one letter long, such as Macy's (M), or are common words, such as Diamond Offshore (DO) or Majesco (COOL).
time – The current time in many cities (worldwide)[10] can be viewed by typing "time" and the name of the city (such as: time Cairo; time Pratt, KS).
timer – set a countdown [46] (logging in to search the engine can be required)
sports scores – The scores and schedules, for sports teams,[10] can be displayed by typing the team name or league name into the search box.
unit conversion – Measurements can be converted[10] by entering each phrase, such as 10.5 cm in inches, or 90 km in miles
currency conversion – A money or currency converter can be selected[10] by typing the names or currency codes (listed by ISO 4217): 6789 Euro in USD; 150 GBP in USD; 5000 Yen in USD; 5000 Yuan in lira (the U.S. dollar can be USD or "US$" or "$", while Canadian is CAD, etc.).
calculator – calculation results can be determined,[10] as it is calculated live, by entering a formula in numbers or words, such as: 6*77 +pi +sqrt(e^3)/888 plus 0.45. Search results for the formula are displayed after the calculation result. The caret "^" raises a number to an exponent power, and percentages are allowed ("40% of 300").[11] Following the convention used in discrete mathematics, Google's calculator evaluates 0^0 to 1.[47] The calculator also uses the unit and currency conversion functions to allow unit-aware calculations. For example, "(3 EUR/liter) / (40 miles/gallon) in USD / mile" calculates the dollar cost per mile for a 40 mpg car with gas costing 3 euros a liter. The calculator also can calculate digital storage arithmetic (the calculation of bytes). For example, putting in 400 MB + 489 MB + 1.5 GB yields the result 2425 MB, or 2.37 GB. This is useful since bytes are binary (power of 2), and not decimal as regular numbers are (power of 10). Caveat: it doesn't offer arbitrary precision and is subject to floating point errors in queries like 4,000,000,000,000,000 – 3,999,999,999,999,999.[48]
numeric ranges – A set of numbers can be matched by using a double-dot between range numbers (70..73 or 90..100) to match any positive number in the range, inclusive.[11] Negative numbers are treated as using exclusion-dash to not match the number.
dictionary lookup – A definition for a word or phrase can be found,[10] by entering "define" followed by a colon and the word(s) to look up (such as, "define:philosophy", maybe works for signed in users only)
maps – Some related maps can be displayed,[10] by typing in the name or U.S. ZIP code of a location and the word "map" (such as: New York map; Kansas map; or Paris map).
movie showtimes – Reviews or film showtimes can be listed for any movies playing nearby,[10] by typing "movies" or the name of any current film into the search box. If a specific location was saved on a previous search, the top search result will display showtimes for nearby theaters for that movie.
public data – Trends for population (or unemployment rates)[10] can be found for U.S. states and counties, by typing "population" or "unemployment rate" followed by a state or county name.
real estate and housing – Home listings in a given area can be displayed,[10] using the trigger words "housing", "home", or "real estate" followed by the name of a city or U.S. zip code.
travel data/airports – The flight status for arriving or departing U.S. flights can be displayed,[10] by typing in the name of the airline and the flight number into the search box (such as: American airlines 18). Delays at a specific airport can also be viewed (by typing the name of the city or three-letter airport code plus word "airport").
package tracking – Package mail can be tracked[10] by typing the tracking number of a Royal Mail, UPS, FedEx or USPS package directly into the search box. Results will include quick links to track the status of each shipment.
patent numbers – U.S. patents can be searched[10][45] by entering the word "patent" followed by the patent number into the search box (such as: Patent 5123123).
area code – The geographical location (for any U.S. telephone area code)[10] can be displayed by typing a three-digit area code (such as: 650).
Six degrees of Kevin Bacon – A search to find the shortest path between an arbitrary actor and veteran Hollywood character actor Kevin Bacon. Simply search using 'bacon number actorname'.
Google Goggles – using the Google Goggles app on your smartphone you can take a photograph of anything and get quick results for your search. If you wish to pursue more detailed search results you can click the "full results" tab and get a full blown Google search of the object you photographed.
Knowledge graph – A search for things, people or places that Google knows about, such as landmarks, celebrities, cities, sports teams, buildings, geographical features, movies, celestial objects, works of art and more, and information that applies to the search term is shown in the upper right. It is rooted in public information such as Wikipedia, United States Census Bureau and the CIA World Factbook.[49]
Metronome – Provides a metronome with an adjustable bpm.
Search options[edit]
The webpages maintained by the Google Help Center have text describing more than 15 various search options.[50] The Google operator
OR – Search for either one, such as "price high OR low" searches for "price high" or "price low".
- (minus sign) – Exclude a word or a phrase, such as "apple -tree" searches where word "tree" is not used.
"" – Force inclusion of a word or a phrase (Note that the original + operator was removed on October 19, 2011).[35]
* – Wildcard operator to match any words between other specific words, e.g. "type * blood".
.. – Range operator,[51] e.g. "$50..$100".
Some of the query options are as follows:
define: – The query prefix "define:" will provide a definition[50] of the words listed after it.
stocks: – After "stocks:" the query terms are treated as stock ticker symbols[50] for lookup.
site: – Restrict the results to those websites in the given domain,[50] such as, site:www.acmeacme.com. The option "site:com" will search all domain URLs named with ".com" (no space after "site:").
intext: – Prefix to search in a webpage text, such as "intext:google search" will list pages with word "google" in the text of the page, and word "search" anywhere (no space after "intext:").
allintitle: – Only the page titles are searched[50] (not the remaining text on each webpage).
intitle: – Prefix to search in a webpage title,[50] such as "intitle:google search" will list pages with word "google" in title, and word "search" anywhere (no space after "intitle:").
allinurl: – Only the page URL address lines are searched[50] (not the text inside each webpage).
inurl: – Prefix for each word to be found in the URL;[50] others words are matched anywhere, such as "inurl:acme search" matches "acme" in a URL, but matches "search" anywhere (no space after "inurl:").
The page-display options (or query types) are:
cache: – Highlights the search-words within the cached document, such as "cache:www.google.com xxx" shows cached content with word "xxx" highlighted.
link: – The prefix "link:" will list webpages that have links to the specified webpage, such as "link:www.google.com" lists webpages linking to the Google homepage.
related: – The prefix "related:" will list webpages that are "similar" to a specified web page.
info: – The prefix "info:" will display some background information about one specified webpage, such as, info:www.google.com. Typically, the info is the first text (160 bytes, about 23 words) contained in the page, displayed in the style of a results entry (for just the 1 page as matching the search).
filetype: – results will only show files of the desired type (e.g. filetype:pdf will return pdf files)
Error messages[edit]
Some searches will give a 403 Forbidden error with the text
We're sorry...

… but your query looks similar to automated requests from a computer virus or spyware application. To protect our users, we can't process your request right now.

We'll restore your access as quickly as possible, so try again soon. In the meantime, if you suspect that your computer or network has been infected, you might want to run a virus checker or spyware remover to make sure that your systems are free of viruses and other spurious software.

We apologize for the inconvenience, and hope we'll see you again on Google.
sometimes followed by a CAPTCHA prompt.[52]
The screen was first reported in 2005, and was a response to the heavy use of Google by search engine optimization companies to check on ranks of sites they were optimizing. Google says the message is triggered only by high volumes of requests from a single IP address, however the use of the "allintext" operator a few times in a period of minutes has the same effect. Google apparently uses the Google cookie as part of its determination of refusing service.[52]
In June 2009, after the death of pop superstar Michael Jackson, this message appeared to many internet users who were searching Google for news stories related to the singer, and was assumed by Google to be a DDoS attack, although many queries were submitted by legitimate searchers.
January 2009 malware bug[edit]
A screenshot of the error of January 31, 2009.
Google flags search results with the message "This site may harm your computer" if the site is known to install malicious software in the background or otherwise surreptitiously. Google does this to protect users against visiting sites that could harm their computers. For approximately 40 minutes on January 31, 2009, all search results were mistakenly classified as malware and could therefore not be clicked; instead a warning message was displayed and the user was required to enter the requested URL manually. The bug was caused by human error.[53][54][55][56] The URL of "/" (which expands to all URLs) was mistakenly added to the malware patterns file.[54][55]
Google Doodles[edit]
Main article: Google Doodle
On certain occasions, the logo on Google's webpage will change to a special version, known as a "Google Doodle". This is a picture, drawing, or animation that includes the logo. It is usually done for a special event or day although not all of them are well known.[57] Clicking on the Doodle links to a string of Google search results about the topic. The first was a reference to the Burning Man Festival in 1998,[58][59] and others have been produced for the birthdays of notable people like Albert Einstein, historical events like the interlocking Lego block's 50th anniversary and holidays like Valentine's Day.[60] Some Google Doodles have interactivity beyond a simple search, such as the famous "Google Pacman" version that appeared on May 21, 2010.
Google Caffeine[edit]
In August 2009, Google announced the rollout of a new search architecture, codenamed "Caffeine".[61] The new architecture was designed to return results faster and to better deal with rapidly updated information[62] from services including Facebook and Twitter.[61] Google developers noted that most users would notice little immediate change, but invited developers to test the new search in its sandbox.[63] Differences noted for their impact upon search engine optimization included heavier keyword weighting and the importance of the domain's age.[64][65] The move was interpreted in some quarters as a response to Microsoft's recent release of an upgraded version of its own search service, renamed Bing.[66] Google announced completion of Caffeine on June 8, 2010, claiming 50% fresher results due to continuous updating of its index.[67] With Caffeine, Google moved its back-end indexing system away from MapReduce and onto BigTable, the company's distributed database platform.[68] Caffeine is also based on Colossus, or GFS2,[69] an overhaul of the GFS distributed file system.[70]
Conversational search (OK Google)[edit]
During the Google I/O conference in May 2013, Google's Amit Singhal presented on the future of search, explaining that a search engine's three primary functions will need to evolve and that search will need to answer, converse, and anticipate. As part of his keynote talk, Singhal stated, "A computer you can talk to? And it will answer everything you ask it? Little did I know, I would grow up to become the person responsible for building my dream for the entire world." Conversational search technology was then featured and Singhal introduced the term "hot-wording" to describe search without the need for an interface, whereby the user simply prompts the Google search engine by stating, "OK Google." The I/O audience was then shown a demonstration in which a user asked a question and the search engine answered back in "conversation," in addition to the presentation of results for the query.[71]
The conversational search function was incorporated into the latest version of the Chrome browser during the week beginning May 20, 2013. The "OK Google" search prompt was not included into the upgrade and users are required to click on a microphone icon that appears on the right-hand side of the search box. Google displays its answer to the user's question in the form of "cards" at the top of the search results while the information is conveyed verbally—according to one search engine writer, Google continues to work through the feature's bugs.[72]
Hummingbird update[edit]
Main article: Google Hummingbird
The "Hummingbird" update was announced as part of Google's 15-year anniversary and a Guardian technology journalist described it as "the biggest change to the inner workings of the world's most popular search engine since Google's "Caffeine" update in 2010." The update was progressively introduced over the month prior to the announcement and will benefit more modern forms of search, whereby users ask Google a question rather than entering keywords into the search box.[73][74]
Knowledge Graph[edit]
The Google Knowledge Graph is a system that Google launched in May 2012 that understands facts about people, places and things and how these entities are all connected.[75] Google’s Knowledge Graph is used both behind-the-scenes to help Google improve its search relevancy and also to present Knowledge Graph boxes, at times, within its search results that provide direct answers.[76]
Personal tab[edit]
In May 2017, Google enabled a new "Personal" tab in Google Search, letting users search for content in their Google accounts' various services, including email messages from Gmail and photos from Google Photos.[77][78]
Google for Jobs[edit]
In June 2017, Google expanded its search results to cover available job listings. The data is aggregated from various major job boards and collected by analyzing company homepages. Initially only available in English, the feature aims to simplify finding jobs suitable for each user.[79][80][81]
Privacy[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2012)
Searches made by search engines, including Google, leave traces. This raises concerns about privacy. In principle, if details of a user's searches are found, those with access to the information—principally state agencies responsible for law enforcement and similar matters—can make deductions about the user's activities. This has been used for the detection and prosecution of lawbreakers; for example a murderer was found and convicted after searching for terms such as "tips with killing with a baseball bat".[82]
A search may leave traces both on a computer used to make the search, and in records kept by the search provider. When using a search engine through a browser program on a computer, search terms and other information may be stored on the computer by default, unless the browser is set not to do this, or they are erased. Saved terms may be discovered on forensic analysis of the computer. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) or search engine provider (e.g., Google) may store records which relate search terms to an IP address and a time.[83] Whether such logs are kept, and access to them by law enforcement agencies, is subject to legislation in different jurisdictions and working practices; the law may mandate, prohibit, or say nothing about logging of various types of information. Some search engines, located in jurisdictions where it is not illegal, make a feature of not storing user search information.[84]
Encrypted search[edit]
Various search engines provide encrypted Web search facilities. In May 2010 Google rolled out SSL-encrypted web search.[85] The encrypted search can be accessed at encrypted.google.com[86] However, the web search is encrypted via Transport Layer Security (TLS) by default today, thus every search request should be automatically encrypted if TLS is supported by the web browser.[87]
FTC fines[edit]
In 2012 the US Federal Trade Commission fined Google US$22.5 million for violating their agreement not to violate the privacy of users of the Apple Safari (web browser).[88] The FTC was also continuing to investigate if Google's favoring of their own services in their search results violated antitrust regulations.[89]
Search suggestion[edit]
Google Suggestion displaying search suggestions starting with “google sea.” The first suggested term, “google search”, is completed in gray text within the text box, and Google Instant provides search results for this term while typing (not shown here).
In 2008, Google started to give autocompleted search suggestions in a list below the search bar for incompletely entered queries.
Suggestions have increasingly sparked controversies about their bias.[90]
Instant search[edit]
Google Instant was a feature that displayed suggested results while the user typed.[91] It was introduced in the US on September 8, 2010. In concert with the Google Instant launch, Google disabled the ability of users to choose to see more than 10 search results per page. At the time of the announcement, Google expected Instant to save users 2 to 5 seconds in every search, collectively about 11 million seconds per hour.[92] Search engine marketing experts speculated that Google Instant would have a great impact on local and paid search.[93] Google Search is a turn from a static HTML page into an AJAX application.[94]
Instant Search could be disabled via Google's "preferences" menu, but autocomplete-style search suggestions could not be disabled, by intention.[95]
The publication 2600: The Hacker Quarterly compiled a list of words that Google Instant did not show.[96][97][98] Most banned terms are those considered rude, but some apparently irrelevant searches including "Myleak" are removed.[98]
In September 2012 several sources reported that Google had removed bisexual from the list of blacklisted terms for Instant Search.[99] As of August 2013[update] the word bisexual still did not autocomplete, and LGBT activists renewed efforts to have it whitelisted. As of June 2014[update] "bisexuality" (but not "bisexual") and "myleak" were found.
Redesign[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2016)
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2016)
Product Sans, Google's typeface since 2015
In late June 2011, Google introduced a new look to the Google home page in order to boost the use of the Google+ social tools.[100]
One of the major changes was replacing the classic navigation bar with a black one. Google's digital creative director Chris Wiggins explains: "We're working on a project to bring you a new and improved Google experience, and over the next few months, you'll continue to see more updates to our look and feel."[101] The new navigation bar has been negatively received by a vocal minority.[102]
In November 2013, Google started testing yellow labels for advertisements displayed in search results, to improve user experience. The new labels, highlighted in yellow color, and aligned to the left of each sponsored link help users clearly differentiate between organic and sponsored results.[103]
On December 15, 2016, Google rolled out a new desktop search interface that mimics their modular mobile user interface. The mobile design consists of a tabular design that highlights search features in boxes. and works by imitating the desktop Knowledge Graph real estate, which appears in the right-hand rail of the search engine result page, these featured elements frequently feature Twitter carousels, People Also Search For, and Top Stories (vertical and horizontal design) modules. The Local Pack and Answer Box were two of the original features of the Google SERP that were primarily showcased in this manner, but this new layout creates a previously unseen level of design consistency for Google results.[104]
Smartphone app[edit]
A Google Search mobile app is available for Android, Windows Phone and iOS devices. In addition to allowing users to perform web searches, the app implements Google Now, Google's voice recognition and intelligent personal assistant software. Google Now uses a natural language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions by delegating requests to a set of web services. Along with answering user-initiated queries, Google Now passively delivers information to the user that it predicts they will want, based on their search habits.[105] Google Search for Android was originally introduced in 2007, the same year the Android operating system was introduced. On January 11, 2012, Google introduced an update where they included an updated and simplified user interface, along with other improvements.[106] As of May 2016, around 20% of Google searches on Android used voice recognition.[107]
International[edit]
Google is available in many languages and has been localized completely or partly for many countries.[108]
The interface has also been made available in some languages for humorous purpose:
Bork, bork, bork!
Elmer Fudd
Klingon
Leetspeak
Pig Latin
Pirate
In addition to the main URL Google.com, Google Inc. owns 160 domain names for each of the countries/regions in which it has been localized.[108]
On September 29, 2015, an Ex-Googler Sanmay Ved managed to buy the domain Google.com from Google via Google Domains, and gain full webmaster control.[109] Google later acknowledged the purchase,[110] and rewarded Ved who in turn requested that the reward be donated to charity. As a result, Google doubled the reward.
Search products[edit]
Main article: List of Google products
In addition to its tool for searching webpages, Google also provides services for searching images, Usenet newsgroups, news websites, videos, searching by locality, maps, and items for sale online. In 2012, Google has indexed over 30 trillion web pages, and received 100 billion queries per month.[111] It also caches much of the content that it indexes. Google operates other tools and services including Google News, Google Shopping, Google Maps, Google Custom Search, Google Earth, Google Docs, Picasa, Panoramio, YouTube, Google Translate, Google Blog Search and Google Desktop Search.
There are also products available from Google that are not directly search-related. Gmail, for example, is a webmail application, but still includes search features; Google Browser Sync does not offer any search facilities, although it aims to organize your browsing time.
Also Google starts many new beta products, like Google Social Search or Google Image Swirl.
Energy consumption[edit]
Google claims that a search query requires altogether about 1 kJ or 0.0003 kW·h,[112] which is enough to raise the temperature of one liter of water by 0.24 °C.
Possible misuse of search results[edit]
In 2007, a group of researchers observed a tendency for users to rely on Google Search exclusively for finding information, writing that "With the Google interface the user gets the impression that the search results imply a kind of totality. [...] In fact, one only sees a small part of what one could see if one also integrates other research tools."[113]
In 2011, Google Search query results have been shown to be tailored to users by Internet activist Eli Pariser, effectively isolating users in what he defined as a filter bubble. Pariser holds algorithms used in search engines such as Google Search responsible for catering "a personal ecosystem of information".[114] Although contrasting views have mitigated the potential threat of "informational dystopia" and questioned the scientific nature of Pariser claims,[115] filter bubbles have been mentioned to account for the surprising results of the U.S. presidential election in 2016 alongside fake news and echo chambers, suggesting that Facebook and Google have designed personalized online realities in which « we only see and hear what we like » .[116]
Predicting behavior[edit]
At the 2016 New Hampshire primary, the top-searched Democratic candidate was Bernie Sanders with 72% of the searches and won with 60% of the vote, according to real-time results of Google's trending search queries, and Hillary Clinton received 28% of the queries and 38% of the vote. The top-searched Republican candidate was Donald Trump, who received 41% of the searches an hour before the polls closed and won with 35% of the vote and John Kasich got 16% of both the vote and the searches.[117]
See also[edit]
Google portal
Alphabet portal
Censorship by Google
Comparison of web search engines
Criticism of Google
Filter bubble
Google Panda
Google Penguin
Google Searchology
Google (verb)
Googlewhack
Halalgoogling
History of Google
List of Google products
List of search engines
PRISM
Reunion
Social graph
Timeline of Google Search
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Google over IPv6". Retrieved December 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Google.com Site Info". Alexa Internet. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "WHOIS". Retrieved January 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ "The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine". Computer Science Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Retrieved January 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Alexa Top Sites By Category – Search Engine Ranking". Retrieved May 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Digital Indians: Ben Gomes". BBC News. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Almost 12 Billion U.S. Searches Conducted in July". SearchEngineWatch. September 2, 2008. Archived from the original on September 12, 2008.
Jump up ^ Lella, Adam (March 16, 2016). "comScore Releases February 2016 U.S. Desktop Search Engine Rankings". ComScore.com. Retrieved June 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "...The *, or wildcard, is a little-known feature that can be very powerful...". Google.co.nz. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s "Search Features". Google. May 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Google Help : Cheat Sheet". Google. 2010.
Jump up ^ Google (Tue June 14, 2011) Official announcement
Jump up ^ Hubbard, Douglas (2011). Pulse: The New Science of Harnessing Internet Buzz to Track Threats and Opportunities. John Wiley & Sons.
Jump up ^ Tanz, Jason (May 17, 2016). "Soon We Won’t Program Computers. We’ll Train Them Like Dogs". Retrieved August 7, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Schwartz, Barry (October 13, 2016). "Within months, Google to divide its index, giving mobile users better & fresher content". Search Engine Land. Retrieved October 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "thetechbook » Countries where Google is not #1 search engine". Woolor.com. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Brin, S.; Page, L. (1998). "The anatomy of a large-scale hypertextual Web search engine" (PDF). Computer Networks and ISDN Systems. 30: 107–117. ISSN 0169-7552. doi:10.1016/S0169-7552(98)00110-X.
Jump up ^ "Corporate Information: Technology Overview". Google. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ Levy, Steven (February 22, 2010). "Exclusive: How Google’s Algorithm Rules the Web". Wired.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Google's goal: to organize your daily life Financial Times
Jump up ^ Google and the Search for the Future Wall Street Journal
Jump up ^ Barker, Alex; McCarthy, Bede (April 9, 2013). "Google favours ‘in-house’ search results". www.ft.com. The Financial Times Ltd. Retrieved January 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ D'Onfro, Jillian (April 19, 2015). "Google is making a giant change this week that could crush millions of small businesses". Business Insider.
Jump up ^ "Can't Find Google Cache Link? Check The Previews". Seroundtable.com. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Google Cached Pages: What Are Cached Pages?". Google Guide. December 28, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Google Frequently Asked Questions – File Types". Google. Archived from the original on September 2, 2011. Retrieved September 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Caddy, Becca (20 March 2017). "Google tracks everything you do: here's how to delete it". Wired. blogspot. Retrieved March 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Orlowski, Andrew. "YouTube escapes Google's piracy site smackdown." The Register, August 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Sherman, Chris; Price, Gary. "The Invisible Web: Uncovering Sources Search Engines Can't See, In: Library Trends 52 (2) 2003: Organizing the Internet:". pp. 282–298.
Jump up ^ "Google Webmaster Guidelines". Google. Retrieved November 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ Segal, David (November 26, 2010). "A Bully Finds a Pulpit on the Web". The New York Times. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Blogspot.com". Googleblog.blogspot.com. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Universal search: The best answer is still the best answer". Google. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Top 500". Alexa. Retrieved April 15, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Google changes the operators". Frag.co.uk.
Jump up ^ "Google.com". Google.com. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Google:Stemming". Google. Archived from the original on June 27, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ian Paul. "Google Changes 'I'm Feeling Lucky' Button". PCWorld. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Brendan Newnam. "Are you feeling lucky? Google is". Marketplace World. Retrieved April 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "I'm Feeling Lucky". Google. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mozilla Firefox – Have it Your Way!". lesliefranke.com. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Goel, Kavi; Ramanathan V. Guha; Othar Hansson (May 12, 2009). "Introducing Rich Snippets". Google Webmaster Central Blog. Google. Retrieved May 25, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Introducing Rich Snippets". Google Webmaster Central Blog. Google. Retrieved 2017-02-23.
Jump up ^ "Rich Card Structure Data in Search Console".
^ Jump up to: a b "Google and Search Engines". Emory University Law School. 2006. Archived from the original on June 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Jason Cipriani (February 14, 2014). "Use Google search to set a timer". CNET.
Jump up ^ "Google.com". Google.com. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Google Search". 4,000,000,000,000,000 – 3,999,999,999,999,999 – Google Search (Search Result). Google. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ Introducing the Knowledge Graph: things, not strings. May 16, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Google Help Center – Alternate query types", 2009, webpage: G-help.
Jump up ^ "Punctuation, symbols & operators in search". support.google.com. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Google error page". Archived from the original on July 31, 2008. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
Jump up ^ Krebs, Brian (January 31, 2009). "Google: This Internet May Harm Your Computer". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Mayer, Marissa (January 31, 2009). "This site may harm your computer on every search result?!?!". The Official Google Blog. Google. Retrieved January 31, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Weinstein, Maxim (January 31, 2009). "Google glitch causes confusion". StopBadware.org. Archived from the original on July 8, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Cooper, Russ (January 31, 2009). "Serious problems with Google search". Verizon Business Security Blog. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ About Google Doodles. Google.com. Retrieved on November 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Hwang, Dennis (June 8, 2004). "Oodles of Doodles". Google (corporate blog). Retrieved July 19, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Doodle History". Google, Inc. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Google logos:Valentine's Day logo". February 14, 2007. Retrieved April 6, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Harvey, Mike (August 11, 2009). "Google unveils new "Caffeine" search engine". The Times. London. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ "What Does Google "Caffeine" Mean for My Website?". New York: Siivo Corp. July 21, 2010. Archived from the original on August 21, 2010. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Silver, Lloyd. "A Look Back At Google Caffeine: No Need For Developers To Worry". cairnmarketing.com. Cairn Marketing. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Martin, Paul (July 31, 2009). "Bing – The new Search Engine from Microsoft and Yahoo". Cube3 Marketing. Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Martin, Paul (August 27, 2009). "Caffeine – The New Google Update". Cube3 Marketing. Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ Barnett, Emma (August 11, 2009). "Google reveals caffeine: a new faster search engine". London: The Telegraph. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ Grimes, Carrie (June 8, 2010). "Our new search index: Caffeine". The Official Google Blog. Retrieved June 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Google search index splits with MapReduce – The Register
Jump up ^ Google Caffeine: What it really is – The Register
Jump up ^ Google File System II: Dawn of the Multiplying Master Nodes – The Register
Jump up ^ Jessica Lee (May 16, 2013). "OK Google: 'The End of Search as We Know It'". Search Engine Watch. Incisive Interactive Marketing LLC. Retrieved May 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Jessica Lee (May 23, 2013). "Google Talks Back: Conversational Search Available on New Version of Chrome". Search Engine Watch. Incisive Interactive Marketing LLC. Retrieved May 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Samuel Gibbs (September 27, 2013). "Google introduces the biggest algorithm change in three years". Guardian. Retrieved September 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Alistair Barr (September 26, 2013). "Google unveils major overhaul of its search engine". USA Today. Retrieved October 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Singhal, Amit (12 May 2012). "Introducing the Knowledge Graph: things, not strings". Google. blogspot. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Sullivan, Danny (16 May 2012). "Google Introduces Knowledge Graph". Search Engine Land. blogspot. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Barry (May 26, 2017). "Google Adds Personal Tab To Search Filters". Search Engine Roundtable. RustyBrick. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gartenberg, Chaim (May 26, 2017). "Google adds new Personal tab to search results to show Gmail and Photos content". The Verge. Vox Media. Retrieved May 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lardinois, Frederic (June 20, 2017). "Google launches its AI-powered jobs search engine". TechCrunch. AOL. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gebhart, Andrew (June 20, 2017). "Google for Jobs is ready to help your employment search". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bergen, Mark (June 20, 2017). "Google Reaches for Job Seekers With Search Engine Revamp". Bloomberg Technology. Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Once Again, A Google Murder Case, Jan 29, 2008". Search Engine Land. January 29, 2008. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Google Anonymizing Search Records To Protect Privacy, March 14, 2007". Search Engine Land. March 14, 2007. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "DuckDuckGo". duckduckgo.com. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "SSL Search: Features – Web Search Help". Web Search Help. Google. May 2010. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Encrypted.google.com". Encrypted.google.com. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Google Will Start Encrypting Your Searches". TIME Magazine. 13 March 2014. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Google fined over Safari privacy violation." Al Jazeera, August 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bailey, Brandon. "Google's review by FTC nearing critical point." Mercury News, November 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Google is not ‘just’ a platform. It frames, shapes and distorts how we see the world". The Guardian. 2016-12-11. ISSN 0261-3077 – via The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Google will stop showing search results as you type because it makes no sense on mobile
Jump up ^ Peter Nowak (2010). Tech Bytes: Google Instant (Television production). ABC News.
Jump up ^ van Wagner, Matt. "How Google Saved $100 Million By Launching Google Instant". Retrieved September 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Official Google Blog: Google Instant, behind the scenes". Official Google Blog. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Google Web Search Help Forum (WebCite archive)
Jump up ^ "Google Blacklist – Words That Google Instant Doesn't Like". 2600.com. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Samuel Axon, Mashable (September 29, 2010). "Which words does Google Instant blacklist?". CNN. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Google Instant Censorship: The Strangest Terms Blacklisted By Google". The Huffington Post. September 29, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Google Removes 'Bisexual' From Its List of Dirty Words", Michelle Garcia, Advocate.com, September 11, 2012. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Boulton, Clint. "Google Redesign Backs Social Effort". eWeek Europe. eWeek Europe. Retrieved July 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Google redesigns its homepage". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. June 29, 2011. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Google support forum, one of many threads on being unable to switch off the black navigation bar". Google.com. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Google ads: The wolf is out of the lamb’s skin". www.techmw.com. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Barry (6 December 2016). "Google begins rolling out a new desktop search user interface". Search Engine Land. blogspot. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Google Mobile". Google. Retrieved January 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "New, easier-to-use Google Search for Android". Retrieved January 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "With New Products, Google Flexes Muscles To Competitors, Regulators". Retrieved 2017-02-23.
^ Jump up to: a b "Language Tools". Google.com. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved August 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "A guy bought 'Google.com' for a minute – Business Insider". Business Insider. September 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Google rewarded the guy who bought Google.com – Business Insider". Business Insider. October 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Google: 100 Billion Searches Per Month, Search To Integrate Gmail, Launching Enhanced Search App For iOS". Searchengineland.com. August 8, 2012. Retrieved February 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Blogspot.com, Powering a Google search
Jump up ^ Maurer, H.; Balke, Tilo; Kappe, Frank; Kulathuramaiyer, Narayanan; Weber, Stefan; Zaka, Bilal (September 30, 2007). "Report on dangers and opportunities posed by large search engines, particularly Google" (PDF). Graz University of Technology. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2009. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Parramore, Lynn (October 10, 2010). "The Filter Bubble". The Atlantic. Retrieved April 20, 2011. Since Dec. 4, 2009, Google has been personalized for everyone. So when I had two friends this spring Google "BP," one of them got a set of links that was about investment opportunities in BP. The other one got information about the oil spill....
Jump up ^ Weisberg, Jacob (June 10, 2011). "Bubble Trouble: Is Web personalization turning us into solipsistic twits?". Slate. Retrieved August 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ AUTHOR: MOSTAFA M. EL-BERMAWY (November 18, 2016). "Your Filter Bubble is Destroying Democracy". Wired. Retrieved March 3, 2017. ...The global village that was once the internet ... digital islands of isolation that are drifting further apart each day ... your experience online grows increasingly personalized ...
Jump up ^ How Google Searches Pretty Much Nailed the New Hampshire Primary February 11, 2016
Further reading[edit]
Google Hacks from O'Reilly is a book containing tips about using Google effectively. Now in its third edition (2006). ISBN 0-596-52706-3.
Google: The Missing Manual by Sarah Milstein and Rael Dornfest (O'Reilly, 2004). ISBN 0-596-00613-6
How to Do Everything with Google by Fritz Schneider, Nancy Blachman, and Eric Fredricksen (McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, 2003). ISBN 0-07-223174-2
Google Power by Chris Sherman (McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, 2005). ISBN 0-07-225787-3
Barroso, Luiz Andre; Dean, Jeffrey; Hölzle, Urs (2003). "Web Search for a Planet: The Google Cluster Architecture". IEEE Micro. 23 (2): 22–28. doi:10.1109/MM.2003.1196112.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Original Google!
Google search trends
[show]
v
t
e
Google
Overview
Alphabet Inc.
History
List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet
Products
Criticism
Privacy concerns
Censorship
Easter eggs
Don't be evil
Advertising
AdMob
Adscape
AdSense
AdWords
Analytics
Contributor
Partners
DoubleClick
DoubleClick for Publishers
Wallet
Communication
Allo
Alerts
Apps Script
Duo
Calendar
Contacts
Gmail
history
interface
Google+
Groups
Hangouts
Inbox
Sync
Text-to-Speech
Translate
Transliteration
Voice
Software
Assistant
Lens
Chrome
for Android
for iOS
Chrome Web Store
Apps
Extensions
Cloud Print
Earth
Sky
Moon
Mars
Gadgets
Gboard
Goggles
IME
Japanese
Pinyin
Photos
Keep
News & Weather
Now
OpenRefine
Search
Toolbar
Operating
systems
Android
version history
software development
Android Auto
Android Pay
Android TV
Android Wear
Chrome OS
Chromebit
Chromebook
Chromebox
Chrome Zone
Fuchsia
Programming
languages
Dart
Go
Sawzall
Platforms
Account
Authenticator
Body
Books
Library Project
Caja
Virtual reality
Cardboard
Daydream
Cast
Chromecast
Cloud Platform
App Engine
BigQuery
Bigtable
Compute Engine
Storage
Contact Lens
Custom Search
Daydream
Earth Engine
Fit
GFS
Firebase
G Suite
Classroom
Home
Jamboard
Marketplace
Native Client
Nexus
OnHub
OpenSocial
Primer
Pixel
Play
Books
Games
Movies & TV
Music
Newsstand
Public DNS
URL Shortener
Wallet
Wifi
Development
tools
AJAX APIs
Api.ai
App Inventor
Closure Tools
CS First
Developers
Flutter
GData
Googlebot
Guava
Guice
GWS
KML
Kythe
MapReduce
Mediabot
Sitemaps
Summer of Code
Web Toolkit
Search Console
Website Optimizer
Swiffy
Publishing
Blogger
Bookmarks
Drive
Docs, Sheets, Slides, Forms
Drawings
My Maps
Sites
Fusion Tables
Domains
FeedBurner
Map Maker
YouTube
YouTube Instant
YouTube Red
Vevo
Zagat
Search
(timeline)
Appliance
Blog Search
Books
Ngram Viewer
Custom Search
Finance
Flights
Images
Maps
Mars
Moon
Sky
Street View
Coverage
Competition
Privacy concerns
News
Archive
Patents
Public Data
Scholar
Shopping
Usenet
Videos
Algorithms
PageRank
Panda
Penguin
Hummingbird
Features
Personalized
Real-Time
Instant Search
SafeSearch
Voice Search
Analysis
Insights for Search
Trends
Knowledge Graph
Knowledge Vault
Discontinued
Aardvark
Answers
Ara
Browser Sync
Base
Buzz
Checkout
Chrome Frame
Click-to-Call
Cloud Connect
Code Search
Currents
Desktop
Dictionary
Directory
Dodgeball
Fast Flip
Friend Connect
Gears
Glass
Glass OS
GOOG-411
Google TV
Jaiku
Knol
Health
iGoogle
Image Labeler
Labs
Latitude
Lively
Mashup Editor
Notebook
Offers
Orkut
Pack
Page Creator
Panoramio
Picasa
Picasa Web Albums
Picnik
PowerMeter
Q & A
Reader
Script Converter
SearchWiki
Sidewiki
Slide
Squared
Talk
Updater
Urchin
Videos
Wave
Web Accelerator
Other
Art Project
Calico
Current
Chrome Experiments
Code-in
Code Jam
Developer Day
Google Business Groups
Made with Code
Data Liberation
Takeout
Google Developer Expert
Google for Work
Self-driving car
Earth Outreach
Fiber
GV
"Google"
Google China
Google Express
Googlization
Grants
Google.org
Lunar X Prize
Project Fi
Material Design
Motorola Mobility
reCAPTCHA
WiFi
X
Events
Science Fair
Searchology
I/O
Developer Day
Code Jam
Highly Open Participation Contest
Code-in
Projects
Loon
Tango
Sunroof
Real estate
111 Eighth Avenue
Googleplex
Logo
Doodle4Google
Google Doodles
People
Al Gore
Alan Eustace
Alan Mulally
Amit Singhal
Ann Mather
David Drummond
Eric Schmidt
Jeff Dean
John Doerr
John L. Hennessy
Krishna Bharat
Matt Cutts
Patrick Pichette
Paul Otellini
Omid Kordestani
Rachel Whetstone
Rajen Sheth
Ram Shriram
Ray Kurzweil
Ruth Porat
Salar Kamangar
Shirley M. Tilghman
Sundar Pichai
Susan Wojcicki
Urs Hölzle
Vint Cerf
Hal Varian
Gayglers
Founders
Larry Page
Sergey Brin
Related
AI Challenge
Bomb
GmailFS
"Google: Behind the Screen" (2006 documentary)
Google: The Thinking Factory (2008 documentary)
Google and the World Brain (2013 documentary)
Goojje
Monopoly City Streets
Unity
Category
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
Alphabet Inc.
Divisions
Access
Calico
CapitalG
DeepMind
Google
GV
Jigsaw
Nest
Sidewalk
Verily
X
Waymo
People
Arthur D. Levinson
Astro Teller
David Krane
Eric Schmidt
Ruth Porat
Sundar Pichai
Tony Fadell
Andrew Conrad
Founders
Larry Page
Sergey Brin
Category
Portal
Task Force
[show]
v
t
e
Android
Software development
Category
Official
development tools
Software Development Kit (SDK)
Android Debug Bridge (ADB)
Fastboot
Android application package (APK)
Native Development Kit (NDK)
Android Open Accessory Development Kit
Bionic
RenderScript
Skia
Dalvik
Android Runtime (ART)
Firebase
Google Cloud Messaging (GCM)
Firebase Cloud Messaging (FCM)
AdMob
Material Design
Fonts
Droid
Roboto
Noto
Google Developers
Other
development tools
OpenBinder
Apache Harmony
OpenJDK
Gradle
Integrated development
environments (IDE)
Android Studio
IntelliJ IDEA
Eclipse
Android Development Tools (ADT)
App Inventor
Languages & Databases
Java
Kotlin
XML
C
C++
SQLite
Virtual reality
Cardboard
Daydream
Events & Communities
Google I/O
Developer Challenge
Developer Lab
Android Open Source Project (AOSP)
Releases
1.0
1.1
Cupcake (1.5)
Donut (1.6)
Eclair (2.0-2.1)
Froyo (2.2)
Gingerbread (2.3)
Honeycomb (3.x)
Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0)
Jelly Bean (4.1-4.3)
KitKat (4.4)
Lollipop (5.x)
Marshmallow (6.0)
Nougat (7.x)
Oreo (8.0)
Derivatives
Android Auto
Android Things
Android TV
Android Wear
Smartphones
& Tablets
Google Pixel
Pixel & Pixel XL
Pixel C
Nexus devices
Nexus One
Nexus S
Galaxy Nexus
Nexus 4
Nexus 5
Nexus 5X
Nexus 6
Nexus 6P
Nexus 7
2012 version
2013 version
Nexus 10
Nexus 9
Nexus Q
Nexus Player
Google Play
edition
HTC One (M7)
HTC One (M8)
LG G Pad 8.3
Moto G
Samsung Galaxy S4
Sony Xperia Z Ultra
Android One
Customized
variants
Android-x86
Remix OS
AOKP
Baidu Yi
Barnes & Noble Nook
ColorOS
CopperheadOS
CyanogenMod
Fire OS
Flyme OS
LeWa OS
LineageOS
MIUI
Nokia X software platform
OPhone
OmniROM
OxygenOS
Replicant
Ubuntu for Android
XobotOS
Yun OS
Applications
Assistant
Google Now
Earth
Gmail
Google Chrome for Android
Goggles
Hangouts
Maps
Navigation
Pay
Play
Books
Games
Movies & TV
Music
Newsstand
Sky
Talk
Voice
APIs
Google Maps
Google Play Services
Google Search
Alternative
user interfaces
Asus Zen UI
Hive UI
HTC Sense
LG Optimus UI
Samsung TouchWiz
Lists
Custom firmware
Features
Free and open-source applications
Games
Google apps
Launchers
Related topics
Index of articles
Google
Androidland
Lawn statues
Chromecast
Java vs. Android API
Legal issues
Oracle America, Inc. v. Google, Inc.
Smartphone patent wars
XDA Developers
Rooting
[show]
v
t
e
Web search engines
Active
AOL
Ahmia
Ask.com
Baidu
Bing
Blackle
Dogpile
DuckDuckGo
Ecosia
Exalead
Excite
GenieKnows
Gigablast
GoodSearch
Google
Info.com
Ixquick
Lycos
Naver
Qwant
Parsijoo
Picollator
SAPO
Scout
Searx
Seznam.cz
Sogou
Sputnik
Startpage
WebCrawler
YaCy
Yahoo!
Yandex
Yooz
Youdao
Inactive
A9.com
Aliweb
AlltheWeb
AltaVista
Blekko
Boogami
Cuil
Empas
Forestle
Go.com
Inktomi
JumpStation
LeapFish
Mugurdy
Northern Light
Powerset
Scroogle
SearchMe
Soso.com
Teoma
Viewzi
Vivisimo
Volunia
W3Catalog
Wikiseek
Yebol
Complete list
Comparison
Authority control
GND: 4726597-8
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Google_Search&oldid=800724865"
Categories:
Google Search
Internet search engines
Alphabet Inc.
American websites
Google services
Multilingual websites
Internet properties established in 1997
Computer-related introductions in 1997
1997 establishments in the United States
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia pending changes protected pages (level 1)
Use mdy dates from June 2016
Use American English from June 2016
All Wikipedia articles written in American English
Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2017
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2016
Articles to be expanded from March 2012
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2013
Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2014
Articles to be expanded from January 2016
Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2016
All Wikipedia articles in need of updating
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikinews
Languages
Afrikaans
Alemannisch
العربية
বাংলা
Башҡортса
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
Frysk
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Ирон
Italiano
עברית
Kiswahili
Кыргызча
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lingála
Lumbaart
Magyar
മലയാളം
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
Nedersaksies
日本語
Napulitano
Нохчийн
Norsk
Occitan
Papiamentu
ភាសាខ្មែរ
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
සිංහල
Simple English
Ślůnski
Soomaaliga
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Vèneto
Tiếng Việt
ייִדיש
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 15 September 2017, at 08:36.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Page protected with pending changes level 1

attrs: href title

values: All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users

attrs: class id

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class src alt title

values: Changes must be reviewed before being displayed on this page.

attrs: id class src style alt

attrs: class href

value: i

attrs: id style class

values: flaggedrevs_short flaggedrevs_stable_synced plainlinks noprint nomobile

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: text-align: center; display: none; background: transparent;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border:none;
NavFrame1

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.google.com

values:
nofollow
http://ipv6.google.com/
external text

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
plainlinks noprint asof-tag update
display:none;

values:
/wiki/Boolean_logic
mw-redirect
Boolean logic

values:
/wiki/Image_search
mw-redirect
Image search

values:
/wiki/Measurement_unit
mw-redirect
Measurement unit

values:
/wiki/Language_translation
mw-redirect
Language translation

values:
/wiki/Online_traffic
mw-redirect
Online traffic

values:
/wiki/Index_(search_engine)
mw-redirect
Index (search engine)

values:
/wiki/Word_document
mw-redirect
Word document

values:
/wiki/Excel_spreadsheet
mw-redirect
Excel spreadsheet

values:
/wiki/Deep_Web_(search_indexing)
mw-redirect
Deep Web (search indexing)

values: Edit section: Dedicated mobile search results

values:
/wiki/Currency_codes
mw-redirect
Currency codes

values:
/wiki/Chinese_yuan
mw-redirect
Chinese yuan

values:
/wiki/Six_degrees_of_Kevin_Bacon
mw-redirect
Six degrees of Kevin Bacon

values:
/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook
mw-redirect
CIA World Factbook

values:
/wiki/Google_and_privacy
mw-redirect
Google and privacy

values:
/wiki/Burning_Man_Festival
mw-redirect
Burning Man Festival

values: Edit section: Conversational search (OK Google)

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values:
/wiki/Internet_Service_Provider
mw-redirect
Internet Service Provider

values:
/wiki/Paid_search
mw-redirect
Paid search

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update

values:
/wiki/Intelligent_personal_assistant
mw-redirect
Intelligent personal assistant

values:
/wiki/Talk_like_a_pirate
mw-redirect
Talk like a pirate

values:
/wiki/Google_Docs
mw-redirect
Google Docs

values:
/wiki/Google_Blog
mw-redirect
Google Blog

values:
/wiki/Kilowatt_hours
mw-redirect
Kilowatt hours

values: Edit section: Possible misuse of search results

values:
/wiki/Fake_news_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Fake news (disambiguation)

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: -moz-column-width: 15em; -webkit-column-width: 15em; column-width: 15em;

values:
nofollow
https://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0169-7552

values:
nofollow
external text
http://hdl.handle.net/2142/8528

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.alexa.com/topsites

values:
/wiki/Emory_University_Law_School
mw-redirect
Emory University Law School

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.google.com/doodles/about

values:
nofollow
https://duckduckgo.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://encrypted.google.com

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077

values:
nofollow
http://www.2600.com/googleblacklist/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.google.com/mobile/search/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.slate.com/id/2296633/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: International Standard Book Number (identifier)

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1109%2FMM.2003.1196112

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.google.com

values:
nofollow
https://www.google.de/trends/
external text

values: List of mergers and acquisitions by Alphabet

values:
/wiki/Google_Partners
mw-redirect
Google Partners

values:
/wiki/Google_Chrome_for_iOS
mw-redirect
Google Chrome for iOS

values:
/wiki/Google_Moon
mw-redirect
Google Moon

values:
/wiki/Google_Mars
mw-redirect
Google Mars

values:
/wiki/Google_Docs,_Sheets_and_Slides
mw-redirect
Google Docs, Sheets and Slides

values: Google Highly Open Participation Contest

values:
/wiki/David_Drummond_(Google)
mw-redirect
David Drummond (Google)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Wikipedia:WikiProject Google/Alphabet Task Force

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Android (operating system) development software

values:
/wiki/Android_SDK
mw-redirect
Android SDK

values:
/wiki/Android_Debug_Bridge
mw-redirect
Android Debug Bridge

values:
/wiki/Android_NDK
mw-redirect
Android NDK

values:
/wiki/Android_Open_Source_Project
mw-redirect
Android Open Source Project

values:
/wiki/File:Android_robot_2014.svg
image
Android logo

values:
navbox-image
10
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Google_Experience_device
mw-redirect
Google Experience device

values: Category:Android (operating system) software

values:
/wiki/List_of_custom_Android_firmware
mw-redirect
List of custom Android firmware

values: List of free and open-source Android applications

values:
/wiki/Rooting_(Android_OS)
mw-redirect
Rooting (Android OS)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
http://d-nb.info/gnd/4726597-8

values: Category:Internet properties established in 1997

values: Category:Computer-related introductions in 1997

values: Category:1997 establishments in the United States

values: Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages (level 1)

values: Category:Use American English from June 2016

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2017

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from February 2016

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from March 2012

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2013

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2014

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from January 2016

values: Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2016

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Google_Search
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Alemannisch
als
als
interlanguage-link-target

values: بحث جوجل – Arabic

values: গুগল অনুসন্ধান – Bangla

values:
https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Bashkir
ba
ba
interlanguage-link-target

values: Google search – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Гугъл търсачка – Bulgarian

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values: جستجوگر گوگل – Persian

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values: गूगल खोज – Hindi

values:
https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Ossetic
os
os
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: גוגל (מנוע חיפוש) – Hebrew

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Kyrgyz
ky
ky
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Lingala
ln
ln
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Lombard
lmo
lmo
interlanguage-link-target

values: ഗൂഗിൾ സെർച്ച് – Malayalam

values: गूगल शोध – Marathi

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Neapolitan
nap
nap
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Chechen
ce
ce
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Papiamento
pap
pap
interlanguage-link-target

values: Google (поисковая система) – Russian

values: ගූගල් සෙවුම – Sinhala

values: گەڕانکاری گووگڵ – Central Kurdish

values: Гугл претраживач – Serbian

values: கூகிள் தேடல் – Tamil

values: గూగుల్ శోధన – Telugu

values: กูเกิล เสิร์ช – Thai

values:
https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google
Google – Venetian
vec
vec
interlanguage-link-target

values: גוגל (זוכמאשין) – Yiddish

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Google_Search rootpage-Google_Search skin-vector action-view