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2018 Indian Super Cup
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2018 Super Cup
Hero Super Cup
Country
India
Dates
15–16 March 2018 (qualifying competition)
31 March – 20 April 2018 (main competition)
Championship venue
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Teams
20 (overall)
8 (qualifying competition)
12 (main competition)
Champions
Bengaluru
Runners-up
East Bengal
Matches played
15
Goals scored
54 (3.6 per match)
Attendance
53,969 (3,598 per match)
Top goal scorer(s)
Sunil Chhetri
(6 goals)
Best player
Miku (Bengaluru FC)
2019 →
The 2018 Indian Super Cup is the inaugural edition of the Super Cup, the main club knockout football competition in India. The competition is sponsored by Hero MotoCorp and is officially known as the Hero Super Cup. The competition began with the qualifiers on 15 March 2018 and concluded with the final on 20 April 2018.[1] The entire tournament is taking place in one stadium, the Kalinga Stadium in Bhubaneswar.[1]
The competition features teams from both the I-League and Indian Super League, both considered the joint top divisions for professional football in India.[2] Both leagues containing 10 teams each, the top six teams from both qualified for the tournament automatically while the bottom four sides contested in the qualifiers.[2] The Super Cup replaces the Federation Cup, which was considered the top knockout competition before this tournament.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Teams
1.1 Round dates
2 Bracket
3 Qualification round
4 Round of 16
5 Quarter-finals
6 Semi-finals
7 Final
8 Goalscorers
9 See also
10 References
10.1 Notes
11 External links
Teams[edit]
A total of 16 teams are participating in the competition proper.[2] The top six teams from both the I-League and Indian Super League qualified for the Super Cup automatically while the bottom four sides have participated in the qualifiers.[2]
Qualification round
(8 teams)[note 1] Main competition
(12 teams)[note 2]
I-League
Gokulam Kerala
Chennai City
Churchill Brothers
Indian Arrows
Indian Super League
Mumbai City
Delhi Dynamos
ATK
NorthEast United
I-League
Minerva Punjab
NEROCA
Mohun Bagan
East Bengal
Aizawl
Shillong Lajong
Indian Super League
Bengaluru
Chennaiyin
Goa
Pune City
Jamshedpur
Kerala Blasters
Round dates[edit]
On 12 March 2018, the All India Football Federation announced the schedule and full format of the tournament.[4] Due to the participation of Aizawl and Bengaluru in the AFC Cup, the schedule for the quarter-finals shall be decided at a later date.[4]
Phase
Round
Match dates
Qualification round 15–16 March 2018
Main tournament Round of 16 31 March – 6 April 2018
Quarter-finals 8–13 April 2018
Semi-finals 16–17 April 2018
Final 20 April 2018
Bracket[edit]
Round of 16 Quarter-finals Semi-finals Final
31 March
Aizawl (pen.) 2 (5)
8 April
Chennaiyin 2 (3)
Aizawl 0
5 April
East Bengal 1
East Bengal 2
16 April
Mumbai City 1
East Bengal 1
2 April
Goa 0
Minerva Punjab 0 (4)
12 April
Jamshedpur (pen.) 0 (5)
Jamshedpur 1
3 April
Goa 5
Goa 3
20 April
ATK 1
East Bengal 1
1 April
Bengaluru 4
Churchill Brothers 1
11 April
Mohun Bagan 2
Mohun Bagan 3
4 April
Shillong Lajong 1
Pune City 2
17 April
Shillong Lajong 3
Mohun Bagan 2
1 April
Bengaluru 4
Bengaluru 2
13 April
Gokulam Kerala 1
Bengaluru 3
6 April
NEROCA 1
NEROCA 3
Kerala Blasters 2
Qualification round[edit]
After the conclusion of the I-League and Indian Super League seasons, the All India Football Federation announced the draw for the qualification round of the Super Cup.[5]
15 March 201817:00 IST
Delhi Dynamos
1–2 (a.e.t.)
Churchill Brothers
Uche 6' Report Plaza 34', 106'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 2,000
Referee: C. R. Srikrishna
15 March 201820:00 IST
NorthEast United
0–2
Gokulam Kerala
Report Kisekka 43', 74'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 1,500
Referee: Tejas Nagvenkar
16 March 201817:00 IST
Mumbai City
2–1 (a.e.t.)
Indian Arrows
Emaná 90' (pen.)
Santos 104' Report Praveen 77'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 3,000
Referee: Ajitkumar Lairenlakpam
16 March 201820:00 IST
ATK
4–1
Chennai City
Sharma 37'
Zequinha 58'
Mehta 76'
Keane 83' Report Joachim 45+7'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 3,000
Round of 16[edit]
The All India Football Federation announced the draw for the round of 16 of the competition on 12 March 2018.[6]
31 March 201820:00 IST
Chennaiyin
2–2 (a.e.t.)
Aizawl
Alves 89'
D. Singh 114' Report Ionescu 22', 91'
Penalties
B. Singh
Rafi
D. Singh
Ganesh
3–5
Ionescu
Dodoz
Saighani
Lalchhawnkima
Lalmuankima
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 5,000
Referee: Pranjal Banerjee
1 April 201817:00 IST
Bengaluru
2–1
Gokulam Kerala
Miku 69'
U. Singh 90+2' Report Kisekka 33'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 4,233
Referee: Tejas Nagvenkar
1 April 201820:00 IST
Churchill Brothers
1–2
Mohun Bagan
Plaza 30' Report Dipanda 45+3' (pen.), 70'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 8,120
Referee: Venkatesh R
2 April 201820:00 IST
Minerva Punjab
0–0 (a.e.t.)
Jamshedpur
Report
Penalties
Opoku
Dano
Khan
A. Singh
K. Singh
Chemjong
Gagandeep
4–5
Belfort
Priori
Memo
Bikey
Passi
Jairu
Hossain
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 3,256
Referee: Santosh Kumar
3 April 201820:00 IST
Goa
3–1
ATK
Coro 45+1'
Boumous 70'
Fernandes 77' Report Keane 50'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 2,583
Referee: Arumughan Rowan
4 April 201820:00 IST
Pune City
2–3
Shillong Lajong
Lucca 17'
Marcelinho 21' Report Koffi 29'
Pradhan 61'
Lalmuanpuia 90+2' (pen.)
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 728
Referee: C. R. Srikrishna
5 April 201820:00 IST
Mumbai City
1–2
East Bengal
Emaná 22' Report Yusa 26'
Amnah 73'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 4,354
Referee: Venkatesh R
6 April 201820:00 IST
NEROCA
3–2
Kerala Blasters
Joachim 68'
Williams 79'
Odili 81' (pen.) Report Pulga 11'
Karuthadathkuni 49'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 1,865
Referee: Pranjal Banerjee
Quarter-finals[edit]
The dates for the quarter-final matches were scheduled to be announced at a later date to accommodate AFC Cup commitments of Aizawl and Bengaluru.[6] After Aizawl and Bengaluru advanced to the quarter-finals, the following fixtures were confirmed for the quarter-finals.[7] During the game between Jamshedpur FC and FC Goa, six players (three each from both the teams) were sent off at the half-time for violent conduct.[8] In the games against NEROCA F.C., Sunil Chhetri scored the first hat-trick of the tournament.
8 April 201816:00 IST
Aizawl
0–1
East Bengal
Report Ralte 90+6' (pen.)
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 3,286
Referee: C. R. Srikrishna
11 April 201816:00 IST
Mohun Bagan
3–1
Shillong Lajong
Faiaz 12'
Kadam 22'
Moghrabi 59'
Report
Koffi 28'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 4,200
Referee: Santosh Kumar
12 April 201816:00 IST
Jamshedpur
1–5
Goa
Biswas 90+1'
Report
Fernandes 34'
Coro 69' (pen.)
Singh 77'
Boumous 79', 89'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 1,200
Referee: Venkatesh R
13 April 201816:00 IST
Bengaluru
3–1
NEROCA
Sunil Chhetri 12', 55', 90+4'
Report
Singh 45+3'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 1,100
Referee: Tejas Nagvenkar
Semi-finals[edit]
The semi-finals were played on 16 April and 17 April 2018 at the Kalinga Stadium.[6]
16 April 201816:00 IST
East Bengal
1–0
Goa
Dudu 78' Report
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 4,200
Referee: Santosh Kumar
17 April 201816:00 IST
Mohun Bagan
2–4
Bengaluru
Dipanda 42', 90+3'
Report
Miku 62', 65', 88' (pen.)
Chhetri 90+1'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 3,600
Referee: Tejas Nagvenkar
Final[edit]
Main article: 2018 Indian Super Cup Final
The final was played on 20 April 2018 at the Kalinga Stadium and Bengaluru won the inaugural Super Cup by defeating East Bengal in the final.[6]
20 April 201816:00 IST
East Bengal
1–4
Bengaluru
Kromah 28' Report Bheke 39'
Chhetri 69' (pen.), 90+1'
Miku 71'
Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar
Attendance: 9,500
Referee: C. R. Srikrishna (Tamil Nadu)
Goalscorers[edit]
6 goals
Sunil Chhetri (Bengaluru)
5 goals
Miku (Bengaluru)
4 goals
Aser Pierrick Dipanda (Mohun Bagan)
3 goals
Hugo Boumous (Goa)
2 goals
Andrei Ionescu (Aizawl)
Abdoulaye Koffi (Shillong Lajong)
Coro (Goa)
Brandon Fernandes (Goa)
1 goal
Robbie Keane (ATK)
Udanta Singh (Bengaluru)
Rahul Bheke (Bengaluru)
Maílson Alves (Chennaiyin)
Dhanachandra Singh (Chennaiyin)
Willis Plaza (Churchill Brothers)
Katsumi Yusa (East Bengal)
Mahmoud Amnah (East Bengal)
Dudu Omagbemi (East Bengal)
Laldanmawia Ralte (East Bengal)
Ansumana Kromah (East Bengal)
Manvir Singh (Goa)
Henry Kisekka (Gokulam Kerala)
Ashim Biswas (Jamshedpur)
Pulga (Kerala Blasters)
Prasanth Karuthadathkuni (Kerala Blasters)
Sheikh Faiaz (Mohun Bagan)
Nikhil Kadam (Mohun Bagan)
Akram Moghrabi (Mohun Bagan)
Achille Emaná (Mumbai City)
Jean-Michel Joachim (NEROCA)
Aryn Williams (NEROCA)
Felix Chidi Odili (NEROCA)
Pritam Singh (NEROCA)
Jonatan Lucca (Pune City)
Marcelinho (Pune City)
Rakesh Pradhan (Shillong Lajong)
Samuel Lalmuanpuia (Shillong Lajong)
See also[edit]
2017–18 I-League
2017–18 Indian Super League season
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Saharoy, Shilarze (12 March 2018). "Chennaiyin to face Aizawl in Super Cup on March 31". Times of India. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Inaugural Super Cup's final round from Mar 31-Apr 22: AIFF". Times of India. 19 February 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Hussain, Sabi (24 January 2018). "Super Cup set to be a 16-team affair". Times of India. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Final Round of Hero Super Cup to Kick-off on March 31". The All India Football Federation. 12 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Bhubaneswar to host Super Cup". Times of India. 8 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Super Cup Draw Announced, Final Round to Kick Off on March 31". The All India Football Federation. 12 March 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Super Cup - Fixtures and Results". Retrieved 1 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Super Cup 2018: Red cards spoil the contest as five-star FC Goa thrash Jamshedpur". 12 April 2018.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Teams listed based on final position in either I-League or Indian Super League.
Jump up ^ Teams listed based on final position in either I-League or Indian Super League.
External links[edit]
Official website
Super Cup on All India Football Federation website.
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Charging Bull
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Charging Bull
Artist
Arturo Di Modica
Year
1989 (1989)
Medium
Bronze
Dimensions
11 feet (3.4 m) tall & 16 feet (4.9 m) long[1][2]
Weight
7,100 pounds (3,200 kg)
Location
New York City, New York, U.S.
Coordinates
40°42′20″N 74°00′48″W / 40.705576°N 74.013421°W / 40.705576; -74.013421Coordinates: 40°42′20″N 74°00′48″W / 40.705576°N 74.013421°W / 40.705576; -74.013421
Website
Official website
Charging Bull, which is sometimes referred to as the Wall Street Bull or the Bowling Green Bull, is a bronze sculpture that stands in Bowling Green in the Financial District in Manhattan, New York City. Originally guerrilla art, installed unofficially by Arturo Di Modica, its popularity led to it being a permanent feature.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 History
2.1 Construction and installation
2.2 Confusion over ownership
2.3 Evolution into tourist attraction
2.4 Placement of Fearless Girl
3 Criticism
4 In popular culture
5 See also
6 References
Description[edit]
The 7,100-pound (3,200 kg) sculpture stands 11 feet (3.4 m) tall[3] and measures 16 feet (4.9 m) long.[4] The oversize sculpture depicts a bull, the symbol of aggressive financial optimism and prosperity, leaning back on its haunches and with its head lowered as if ready to charge. The sculpture is both a popular tourist destination which draws thousands of people a day, as well as "one of the most iconic images of New York"[5] and a "Wall Street icon"[6] symbolizing Wall Street and the Financial District.
In Outdoor Monuments of Manhattan: A Historical Guide, Dianne Durante describes the sculpture:
The Bull's head is lowered, its nostrils flare, and its wickedly long, sharp horns are ready to gore; it's an angry, dangerous beast. The muscular body twists to one side, and the tail is curved like a lash: the Bull is also energetic and in motion.[7]
The bronze colour and hard, metallic texture of the sculpture's surface emphasises the brute force of the creature. The work was designed and placed so that viewers could walk around it, which also suggests the creature's own movement is unrestricted — a point reinforced by the twisting posture of the bull's body, according to Durante.
Charging Bull, then, shows an aggressive or even belligerent force on the move, but unpredictably. [...] [I]t's not far-fetched to say the theme is the energy, strength, and unpredictability of the stock market."[7]
Di Modica told the New York Daily News in 1998:
That bull is one of an edition of five. … I'm hoping the other four will be going to cities all over the world, whenever somebody buys them.[8]
In 2010, a similar Charging Bull sculpture by Di Modica was installed in Shanghai on commission by the Shanghai city authority; it is informally also called the Bund Bull.[9]
In 2012, Di Modica unofficially installed another charging bull sculpture outside the Amsterdam Stock Exchange on Het Beursplein, Amsterdam.[10]
Charging bull outside the Amsterdam Stock Exchange, the world’s first formal stock exchange.
History[edit]
Construction and installation[edit]
The bull was cast by the Bedi-Makky Art Foundry in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. Di Modica spent some $360,000 to create, cast, and install the sculpture following the 1987 stock market crash as a symbol of the "strength and power of the American people".[2] The sculpture was Di Modica's idea, and in an act of guerrilla art, Bedi Makky Art Foundry and Di Modica trucked it to Lower Manhattan. On December 15, 1989, they installed it beneath a 60-foot (18 m) Christmas tree in the middle of Broad Street in front of the New York Stock Exchange as a Christmas gift to New Yorkers. That day, hundreds of onlookers stopped to admire and analyze it as Di Modica handed out copies of a flier about his artwork.[4]
NYSE officials called police later that day, and the NYPD seized the sculpture and placed it into an impound lot.[4] The ensuing public outcry led the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation to reinstall it two blocks south of the Exchange, in Bowling Green, with a ceremony on December 21, 1989. It faces up Broadway at Whitehall Street.[11]
Confusion over ownership[edit]
The sculpture technically has a temporary permit allowing it to stand on city property since the city does not own the sculpture, but the temporary permission has lasted since 1989, when city officials said the new location would not be permanent.[12] Art on loan is usually limited to a year's display, and although the city does not buy art, it does accept donations.[13] A writer in the New York Daily News wrote in 1998 that the statue's placement was "beginning to look a mite permanent."[8] According to an article in Art Monthly, Di Modica, as well as officials and New Yorkers, "view it as a permanent feature of Lower Manhattan."[14]
In 2004, Di Modica announced that the bull sculpture was for sale, on condition the buyer does not move it from its present location. Di Modica continues to own the artistic copyright to the statue.[3] In 2006, Di Modica sued Wal-Mart and other companies for illegally benefiting from his copyright, by selling replicas of the bull and using it in advertising campaigns.[15] In 2009, Di Modica sued Random House for using a photo of the bull on the cover of a book discussing the collapse of financial services firm Lehman Brothers.[16]
Evolution into tourist attraction[edit]
Tourists gathering around the Charging Bull
As soon as the sculpture was set up at Bowling Green, it became "an instant hit."[13] One of the city's most photographed artworks, it has become a tourist destination in the Financial District. "Its popularity is beyond doubt", a New York Times article said of the artwork. "Visitors constantly pose for pictures around it." [3] Adrian Benepe, the New York City parks commissioner, said in 2004, "It's become one of the most visited, most photographed and perhaps most loved and recognized statues in the city of New York. I would say it's right up there with the Statue of Liberty."[1] In 1993, Arthur J. Piccolo, chairman of the Bowling Green Association, made the same point with the same comparison.[13] Henry J. Stern, the city parks commissioner when the statue first appeared in the Financial District, said in 1993: "People are crazy about the bull. It captured their imagination."[13]
The statue's popularity with tourists has international appeal. One 2007 newspaper report noted a "ceaseless stream" of visitors from India, the United Kingdom, South Africa, Venezuela, and China, as well as the United States. Children enjoy climbing on the bull,[17] which sits "famously"[18] at street level on the cobblestones at the far northern tip of the small park. One popular tourist guidebook assumes that a visitor will want to get his or her picture taken with the statue ("after you pose with the bull ...").[19] A popular Bollywood movie, Kal Ho Naa Ho features the bull in a musical number, increasing its familiarity with South Asians. One visitor told a newspaper reporter it was a reason for his visit.[5]
In addition to having their pictures taken at the front end of the bull, many tourists pose at the back of the bull, near the large testicles "for snapshots under an unmistakable symbol of its virility."[20] According to a Washington Post article in 2002, "People on The Street say you've got to rub the nose, horns and testicles of the bull for good luck, tour guide Wayne McLeod would tell the group on the Baltimore bus, who would giddily oblige."[21] A 2004 New York Times article said, "Passers-by have rubbed—to a bright gleam—its nose, horns and a part of its anatomy that, as Mr. Benepe put it gingerly, 'separates the bull from the steer.'"[3] A 2007 newspaper account agreed that a "peculiar ritual" of handling the "shining orbs" of the statue's scrotum seems to have developed into a tradition. One visitor, from Mississippi, told the Tribeca Trib she did it "for good luck", and because "there's a kind of primal response when you see something like that. You just have to engage it."[5] The enthusiastic reaction to the sculpture continues into the darker hours. "I've seen people do some crazy things to that bull", said a souvenir vendor, "At night sometimes, when people have been drinking, I’ve seen them do stuff to that bull that you couldn’t print in a newspaper."[5]
Placement of Fearless Girl[edit]
Main article: Fearless Girl
On March 7, 2017, the night before International Women's Day, another bronze sculpture, Fearless Girl, was placed directly in front of Charging Bull. The statue was designed by Kristen Visbal and commissioned by State Street Global Advisers (SSgA) as part of a marketing campaign for their gender-diverse index fund.[22] Fearless Girl was placed facing the bull, and seems to be staring it down.[23] The city granted a permit allowing Fearless Girl to stay on the site for at least 11 months.[24]
The juxtaposition of Fearless Girl and Charging Bull upset some observers, including sculptor Arturo Di Modica, who installed Charging Bull in 1989
Di Modica has asked that the statue of the girl be removed, arguing that the piece exploits his work for commercial purposes and alters the perception of the bull.[25] He has called Fearless Girl "an advertising trick" that he wanted relocated, citing its political messaging.[26][27] Visbal expressed no antipathy to his bull statue, but said regarding her newer work, "I made sure to keep her features soft; she's not defiant, she's brave, proud and strong, not belligerent."[27] On April 12, 2017, Di Modica and his attorney, former New York Civil Liberties Union director Norman Siegel, challenged city officials who let the Fearless Girl statue be installed.[28][29] Di Modica states the statue corrupts Charging Bull's artistic integrity by distorting the intent of his statue from "a symbol of prosperity and for strength" into a villain, and does so for SSgA's commercial gain.[30][31] Siegel said a lawsuit had not been filed as of yet.[28][29] After Fearless Girl had been in place for thirteen months, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that both Charging Bull and Fearless Girl would be moved to a location facing the New York Stock Exchange.[32]
Criticism[edit]
A poster showing a ballerina on the Charging Bull to promote the Occupy Wall Street movement
Charging Bull has often been a subject of criticism from an anti-capitalist perspective. The Occupy Wall Street protests used the bull as a symbolic figure around which to direct their critiques of corporate greed. A 2011 image from Adbusters portraying a dancer posed in an attitude position atop the sculpture was used to promote the forthcoming protests.[33] The first gathering of Occupy took place around the sculpture on September 17, 2011, before moving to Zuccotti Park.[34] Because of the protests, the bull was surrounded by barricades and guarded by police[35] until 2014.[36][37]
The Charging Bull has been likened to the golden calf worshiped by the Israelites during their Exodus from Egypt. During Occupy Wall Street on multiple occasions an interfaith group of religious leaders led a procession of a golden calf figure that was modeled on the bull.[38][39] A large papier-mâché piñata made by Sebastian Errazuriz for a 2014 New York design festival was intended to be reminiscent of both the golden calf and Charging Bull.[40][41] Further comparisons to the golden calf have been made by Jewish and Christian religious commentators.[42][43]
In popular culture[edit]
The history of the sculpture and its author has been narrated by the Italian documentary Il Toro di Wall Street, released internationally with the title The Charging Bull.[44]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Charging Bull.
26 Broadway, the building across the street from the statue, to the east
Art in Odd Places festival
CowParade
Qilin – ancient Chinese symbol of prosperity
Statue of Edward Snowden – another example of New York guerrilla art
Market sentiment
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Dunlap, David W. "The Bronze Bull Is for Sale, but There Are a Few Conditions", article, The New York Times, December 21, 2004, retrieved June 13, 2009
^ Jump up to: a b D. McFadden, Robert (1989-12-16). "SoHo Gift to Wall St.: A 3½-Ton Bronze Bull". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-01.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Dunlap, David W. (2004-12-21). "The Bronze Bull Is for Sale, but There Are a Few Conditions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
^ Jump up to: a b c Mcfadden, Robert D. (1989-12-16). "SoHo Gift to Wall St.: A 3 1/2-Ton Bronze Bull". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Pinto Nick, "Bull!", article, September 1, 2007, The Tribeca Trib, retrieved June 13, 2009
Jump up ^ Greenfield, Beth and Robert Reid, Ginger Adams Otis, New York City, p 120, publisher: Lonely Planet, 2006, ISBN 1-74059-798-2, ISBN 978-1-74059-798-2 retrieved via Google Books on June 13, 2009
^ Jump up to: a b Durante, Dianne L. (2007-02-01). Outdoor Monuments of Manhattan: A Historical Guide. NYU Press. ISBN 9780814719862.
^ Jump up to: a b Singleton, Don, "Rock Solid", article, May 3, 1998, New York Daily News, retrieved June 13, 2009
Jump up ^ "Shanghai unveils own version of 'Charging Bull'". BusinessWorld Publishing Corporation. May 16, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2010. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Bronzen stier op Beursplein" (Bronze Bull on stock exchange square), article, July 5, 2012, Nu NL news photo report[dead link]
Jump up ^ The Associated Press (1989-12-20). "Wall St.'s Bronze Bull Moves 2 Blocks South". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
Jump up ^ "Wall St.'s Bronze Bull Moves 2 Blocks South", Associated Press article, as printed in The New York Times, December 20, 1989, retrieved June 13, 2009
^ Jump up to: a b c d Lambert, Bruce, "Neighborhood Report: Lower Manhattan; A Campaign To Save a Bull", article, The New York Times, October 3, 1993, retrieved June 13, 2009
Jump up ^ Lydiate, Henry, "Public sculpture.(COPYRIGHT)", article, November 1, 2006, Art Monthly, retrieved via the "Access My Library" website, June 13, 2009
Jump up ^ "Sculptor of Manhattan 'Charging Bull' statue sues Wal-Mart, others to protect its image". Associated Press. 2006-09-21. Archived from the original on 2009-09-01. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
Jump up ^ "Suit Alleges Illegal Use of `Charging Bull' Image". Los Angeles Times. From Dow Jones/the Associated Press. September 22, 2006. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sommers, Carl, "Q and A", May 26, 1991, The New York Times, October 3, 1993, retrieved June 13, 2009
Jump up ^ Durante, Dianne L., Outdoor monuments of Manhattan: a historical guide, NYU Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8147-1987-2, ISBN 978-0-8147-1987-9, retrieved via Google Books on June 13, 2009
Jump up ^ Eisenberg, Paul, and Erica Duecy, Jennifer Paull Fodor's New York City 2008, Random House, Inc., 2007, ISBN 1-4000-1793-9, ISBN 978-1-4000-1793-5, retrieved June 13, 2009
Jump up ^ Dunlap, David W., Downtown’s Bull, No Longer Emblematic, Remains Popular, September 16, 2008, The New York Times, retrieved June 13, 2009
Jump up ^ Duke, Lynn, "The Pilgrimage To Ground Zero — Officials and Tourists Walk A Fine Line on Solemn Ground", Washington Post, February 27, 2002, Edition F, page C1, accessed via newsbank.com subscription archive website (also on High Beam Research subscription archive website) on May 4, 2008
Jump up ^ Schwedel, Heather (March 7, 2017). "A Bronze Little Girl Has Arrived to Face Down the Wall Street Bull. This Should Go Well". Slate. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wiener-Bronner, Danielle (March 7, 2017). "Why a defiant girl is staring down the Wall Street bull". CNNMoney. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stack, Liam (27 March 2017). "'Fearless Girl' Statue to Stay in Financial District (for Now)". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
Jump up ^ Mettler, Katie (12 April 2017). "Charging Bull sculptor says Fearless Girl distorts his art, so he's fighting back". Chicago Tribune.
Jump up ^ Stack, Liam (27 March 2017). "'Fearless Girl' Statue to Stay in Financial District (for Now)". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
^ Jump up to: a b Dobnik, Verena (March 26, 2017). "Will New York invite the 'Fearless Girl' statue to stay on Wall Street?". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Charging Bull' sculptor says New York's 'Fearless Girl' statue violates his rights". The Guardian. Associated Press. 2017-04-11. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
^ Jump up to: a b Barron, James (2017-04-12). "Wounded by 'Fearless Girl,' Creator of 'Charging Bull' Wants Her to Move". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-04-13.
Jump up ^ "'Charging Bull' sculptor says 'Fearless Girl' distorts his art. He's fighting back". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
Jump up ^ "Sculptor Of Wall Street Bull Says 'Fearless Girl' Horns In On His Work". NPR. Retrieved 2017-04-12.
Jump up ^ Goodman, J. David (2018-04-19). "'Fearless Girl' to Move, and She May Take the Wall Street Bull With Her". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
Jump up ^ Beeston, Laura (October 11, 2011). "The Ballerina and the Bull: Adbusters' Micah White on 'The Last Great Social Movement'". The Link. Retrieved 2011-10-12.
Jump up ^ Pepitone, Julianne. "Hundreds of protesters descend to 'Occupy Wall Street'". CNNMoney. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
Jump up ^ Harshbarger, Rebecca and Frank Rosario. Outrage over caged Wall Street bull. New York Post. December 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ DeGregory, Priscilla and Rebecca Harshbarger. Free market: Barricades around Wall Street Bull go down. New York Post. March 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/barricade-wall-street-bull-article-1.1735263
Jump up ^ Schaper, Donna (2011-10-11). "Occupy Wall Street, The Golden Calf And The New Idolatry". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
Jump up ^ Rieger, J (2013). Religion, Theology, and Class: Fresh Engagements after Long Silence. Springer. p. 114. ISBN 1137339241.
Jump up ^ Cascone, Sarah (May 27, 2014). "Anti-Capitalist Golden Cow Piñata Sculpture Rains Cash in Brooklyn". Artnet. Retrieved April 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "SI_BULL". www.meetsebastian.com. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
Jump up ^ * Badcock, Gary D. (2016). God and the Financial Crisis: Essays on Faith, Economics, and Politics in the Wake of the Great Recession. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 11. ISBN 9781443888370. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
Myers, Robin (2012). The Underground Church: Reclaiming the subversive way of Jesus. New York: SPCK. ISBN 9780281069422. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
Susen, Simon; Turner, Bryan S. (2014). The Spirit of Luc Boltanski: Essays on the ‘Pragmatic Sociology of Critique’. Anthem Press. p. 460. ISBN 1783082976. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
Gushee, David P.; Stassen, Glen H. (2016). Kingdom Ethics, 2nd ed.: Following Jesus in Contemporary Context (2nd ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 373. ISBN 9780802874214. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Why I'm Not Bullish On 'Fearless Girl'". The Forward. Retrieved 2017-04-14.
Jump up ^ MYmovies.it. "The Charging Bull - The Bull of Wall Street". MYmovies.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2018-02-22.
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