text:
Subroto Mukerjee
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Air Marshal
Subroto Mukerjee
OBE
First Air Marshal of the Indian Air Force
Born
5 March 1911
Calcutta, British India
Died
8 November 1960
Tokyo, Japan
Allegiance
British India (1932-1947)
India (from 1947)
Service/branch
Royal Air Force
Indian Air Force
Years of service
1932–1960
Rank
Air Marshal
Battles/wars
North West Frontier Rebellion, World War II
Awards
Order of the British Empire (OBE)
India General Service Medal (1936) (IGSM)
1939–1945 Star
War Medal 1939–1945
India Service Medal
Indian Independence Medal
King George VI Coronation Medal
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal

Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee, OBE (Bengali: সুব্রত মুখার্জী Shubroto Mukharji) (5 March 1911 – 8 November 1960) was the first Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force (IAF). Born in a Bengali family of repute, he was educated in India as well as England. He joined the Royal Air Force and later was one of the first recruits of the Indian Air Force. He had an illustrious career and had been awarded with many honours until his accidental death in 1960. He has been called the "Father of the Indian Air Force".
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Joining the Air Force
3 Operations at North West Frontier
4 During WW2
5 After Independence
6 Death and commemoration
7 Rank Promotions
8 Honours and Medals
9 Notes
10 References
Early life[edit]
Subroto Mukerjee was born in Kolkata (then Calcutta) on 5 March 1911. His paternal grandfather, Nibaran Chandra Mukherjee, a Brahmo, was a pioneer in social and educational reforms in the country and a member of the Brahmo Samaj while his maternal grandfather, Prasanna Kumar Roy of the Indian Education Service, was the first Indian Principal of the Presidency College, Calcutta. His maternal grandmother Sarala Roy was the founder of the Gokhale Memorial School. His father was Satish Chandra Mukherjee, an early Indian ICS officer and mother was Charulata Mukherjee, daughter of Dr. P. K. Roy. Youngest of four children, Subroto was taken to England when he was three months old. However, he spent his childhood in Krishnanagar and Chinsura of Bengal. From his very early days Subroto had shown an aptitude for a military career – probably infused by his uncle, Indra Lal Roy, who had joined the Royal Flying Corps in the First World War. Roy was the first Indian to be awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the only Indian flying ace.
Subroto was educated in diocesan school and Loreto Convent in Calcutta and also in a school in Hampstead in England. Later Subroto joined Howrah Zila School and passed matriculation examination in 1927. He studied in Presidency College, Calcutta for one year and then went to Cambridge University.
Subroto Mukherjee's elder sister Renuka Ray (1903–1995) was a prominent personality. She was a parliamentarian, cabinet minister and an ambassador. She studied in Cambridge University and London School of Economics.[citation needed]
Joining the Air Force[edit]
The first batch of Indian pilots at RAF Cranwell in 1931. From Left to Right: Bhupendra Singh, Amarjeet Singh and Subroto Mukerjee
About this time the Government of India (under British rule) decided to take some Indians in the Royal Air Force. Subroto wrote the Cranwell entrance examination and London Matriculation in 1929 and was one of the first six Indian males selected to undergo two years of flying training at the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell. The other five were H.C. Sirkar, A.B. Awan, Bhupendra Singh, Amarjeet Singh and J.N. Tandon.[1]
On 8 October 1932, the six Indians cadets were commissioned in the Royal Air Force. On the same day, the Indian Air Force Act was passed by the Indian Legislative Assembly, and the Indian Air Force was born.[1] Subroto was commissioned as a pilot. After completing their training at Cranwell, the Indian pilots passed through the Army Cooperation School at Old Sarum in Wiltshire. They served in RAF squadrons before coming back to India to serve Indian Air Force. On 1 April 1933, "A" Flight of the No 1 Squadron, Indian Air Force, was formed at Karachi. Subroto was one of the five Indian pilots who made up the flight. The flight was equipped with four Westland Wapiti biplanes.
Operations at North West Frontier[edit]
A rebellion took place in North West Frontier region (India–Afghanistan border) in 1936, led by the Pukhtoon tribes. The Indian Air Force would play a major role in controlling the rebellion in the harsh terrains of the region. Subroto Mukerjee was awarded India General Service Medal with clasps "North West Frontier 1936-37", and "North West Frontier 1937-39" and "Mentioned-in-Despatches" in 1942 for service during the operations in North West Frontier Province.
During WW2[edit]
Subroto Mukerjee was one of the three flying officers of the three flights of No. 1 Squadron of IAF in 1938. Coastal Defence Flights (CDFs) of the Indian Air Force Volunteer Reserve were formed with the outbreak of World War II. At the outbreak of war in 1939, Mukerjee was the senior-most Indian commissioned officer in the IAF. By June 1940, he had been promoted to the acting rank of Squadron Leader and taken over command of No 1 Squadron, IAF.[2] He had many "first"s to his credit: the first Indian to command a Flight, a Squadron, a Station (Kohat), and finally, the Service itself.[1] He was also the first IAF pilot to carry out an airdrop over a beleaguered army picket. He commanded RAF Station Kohat from August 1943 till December 1944. In June 1945 he was awarded the Order of the British Empire (Military Division).[1]
After Independence[edit]
India became independent from British rule on 15 August 1947. However, due to partition of India, assets of the Indian Air Force (like other branches of the military) had to be divided between the new countries of India and Pakistan. The first three Air Chiefs of independent India, Air Marshals Sir Thomas Elmhirst KBE, CB, AFC, Sir Ronald Ivelaw Chapman, KBE, CBE, DFC, AFC, and Sir Gerald Ernest Gibbs, KBE, CIE, MC, were from the RAF. The IAF had to reorganise itself after the partition. Subroto assisted the Air Chiefs in reorganising the IAF. He went to the Imperial Defence College in England for further training in 1952.
On returning to India in 1954, Mukerjee took over as the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Air Force on 1 April 1954, in the rank of Air Marshal. When the Change in Designation Act, 1955, was passed, the title of "Commander-in-Chief" was replaced by Chief of the Air Staff, IAF. Thus Mukerjee became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief as well as Chief of Air Staff of the Indian Air Force.
Death and commemoration[edit]
Subroto Mukerjee was one of the passengers in Air India's first ever flight – to Tokyo – in November 1960. On 8 November 1960, Mukerjee was having a meal in a restaurant in Tokyo with a friend, an officer in the Indian Navy. A piece of food lodged in his windpipe, choking him to death.[1] The next day his body was flown to Palam Airport, New Delhi, and on 10 November 1960 he was cremated with full military honours. He was paid a final tribute with a fly-past of forty nine aircraft, one for each of his forty nine years.[1]
Aspy Engineer, a close associate of Mukerjee, assumed the role of Chief of Air Staff of IAF from 1 December 1960. He issued a Special Order of the Day paying tribute to Subroto Mukerjee and called him as the "Father of the Indian Air Force". Mukerjee, an eminent football lover and a regular member of Mohun Bagan Athletic Club, had conceived the idea of an inter-school all-India football tournament. This was implemented after his death. The tournament, known as Subroto Cup Football Tournament still helps find talented players from Indian schools.
In 1939, Subroto Mukherjee had married Sharda Pandit, from a prominent Maharashtrian family. They had one son. Sharda Mukherjee was active in social work, and after her husband's death, she became active in public affairs. She was later appointed as the Governor of Gujarat and the Governor of Andhra Pradesh. Sharda Mukherjee died 2007 in Mumbai at the age of 89.[citation needed]
Rank Promotions[edit]
Pilot Officer, RAF: 1 September 1932
Flying Officer: 15 February 1934[3]
Flight Lieutenant: 15 February 1939[4]
Acting Squadron Leader: 25 August 1939
Acting Wing Commander: 1 November 1942
Squadron Leader: April 1942
Wing Commander, RIAF: December 1944
Group Captain: 6 March 1946
Air Commodore: 15 May 1947
Acting Air Vice-Marshal: 27 September 1948
Air Vice-Marshal: 1 February 1949
Acting Air Marshal (Commander-in-Chief, IAF): 1 April 1954
Air Marshal (Chief of the Air Staff, Indian Air Force): 1 April 1955
[5] [6]
Honours and Medals[edit]
Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE; 1945) India General Service Medal (1939) 1939-1945 Star (1945) War Medal 1939-1945 (1945; with MID oak leaf)
India Service Medal (1945) Indian Independence Medal (1948) King George VI Coronation Medal (1937) Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (1953)
Mentioned in dispatches in 1942 for service during the operations in Waziristan, NWFP.[7]
Yugoslavian People's Army Medal, 1st Class-1954
Notes[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2010)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "The Saga of a Soaring Legend". indianairforce.nic.in. Retrieved 2006-08-10.
Jump up ^ The Air Force List: June 1940. HM Stationery Office. 1940. p. 702.
Jump up ^ The Air Force List: January 1938. HM Stationery Office. 1938. pp. 1275–1276.
Jump up ^ The Air Force List: June 1939. HM Stationery Office. 1939. p. 871.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Bharat-Rakshak: Service Record
Jump up ^ and Decorations
The Saga of a Soaring Legend - by Sqn Ldr Rana Chhina (Retd)
Air Marshal Subroto Mukherjee, OBE - by Jagan Pillarisetti
Military offices
Preceded by
Sir Gerald Gibbs
As Commander-in-Chief Chief of the Air Staff
1954–1960 Succeeded by
Aspy Engineer
[show]
v
t
e
Das family of Telirbagh
1st generation
Durga Mohan Das
2nd generation
Satish Ranjan Das
Sarala Roy
Prasanna Kumar Roy
Lady Abala Bose(nee Das)
Chittaranjan Das
Basanti Devi
Sudhi Ranjan Das
3rd generation
Charulata Mukherjee
Satish Chandra Mukherjee
Suranjan Das
Ashoke Kumar Sen
4th generation
Shomie Ranjan Das
Subroto Mukerjee
Sharda Mukherjee
Renuka Ray
Siddhartha Shankar Ray
Related families
N.C. Mukherjee family
Sen family
[show]
v
t
e
Nibaran Chandra Mukherjee family
1st generation
Nibaran Chandra Mukherjee
2nd generation
Satish Chandra Mukherjee
Charulata Mukherjee
3rd generation
Renuka Ray
Subroto Mukerjee
Sharda Mukherjee
Amiya Charan Banerjee
4th generation
Milon K. Banerji
5th generation
Gourab Banerji
Related families
Das family of Telirbagh
[show]
v
t
e
Chief of the Air Staff (India)
Commander,
Indian Group
(1919–1920)
Tom Webb-Bowen
Air Officer Commanding RAF,
India
(1920–1938)
Tom Webb-Bowen
Philip Game
Sir Edward Leonard Ellington
Sir Geoffrey Salmond
Sir John Miles Steel
Sir Edgar Ludlow-Hewitt
Sir Philip Joubert de la Ferté
Air Officer Commander-in-Chief,
Air Forces in India
(1938–1947)
Sir Philip Joubert de la Ferté
Sir John Frederick Andrews Higgins
Sir Patrick Playfair
Sir Richard Peirse
Sir Guy Garrod
Meredith Thomas
Sir Roderick Carr
Sir Hugh Walmsley
Air Officer Commanding,
Royal Indian Air Force
(1947–1948)
Sir Thomas Elmhirst**
Commander-in-Chief,
Royal Indian Air Force
(1948–1950)
Sir Thomas Elmhirst**
Commander-in-Chief,
Indian Air Force
(1950–1955)
Sir Thomas Elmhirst**
Sir Ronald Ivelaw-Chapman**
Gerald Gibbs**
Subroto Mukerjee
Chief of the Air Staff
(1955–present)
Subroto Mukerjee
Aspy Engineer
Arjan Singh
Pratap Chandra Lal
Om Prakash Mehra
Hrushikesh Moolgavkar
I. H. Latif
Dilbagh Singh
Lakshman Madhav Katre
Denis La Fontaine
Surinder Mehra
Nirmal Chandra Suri
Swaroop Kaul
Satish Kumar Sareen
Anil Tipnis
Srinivasapuram Krishnaswamy
Shashindra Pal Tyagi
Fali Homi Major
Pradeep Vasant Naik
Norman Anil Kumar Browne
Arup Raha
Birender Singh Dhanoa
(**Seconded from the Royal Air Force)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subroto_Mukerjee&oldid=795037923"
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text:
List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Top left: Robert Walpole was the first Prime Minister of Great Britain.
Top right: William Pitt the Younger was the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
Bottom left: Benjamin Disraeli was the first Prime Minister to officially use the title.
Bottom right: Henry Campbell-Bannerman was the first Prime Minister to officially hold the title.
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the Government of the United Kingdom, and chairs Cabinet meetings. There is no specific date for when the office of Prime Minister first appeared, as the role was not created but rather evolved over a period of time through a merger of duties.[1] The term had been used in the House of Commons as early as 1805,[2] and it was certainly in parliamentary use by the 1880s.[3] In 1905 the post of Prime Minister was officially given recognition in the order of precedence.[4] Modern historians generally consider Sir Robert Walpole, who led the government of Great Britain for over twenty years from 1721,[5] as the first Prime Minister. Walpole is also the longest-serving British prime minister by this definition.[6] However, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman was the first and Margaret Thatcher the longest-serving Prime Minister to have been officially referred to as such.[7] The first to have officially used the title Prime Minister was Benjamin Disraeli, who signed the Treaty of Berlin using the term in 1878.[8]
Strictly, the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (of Great Britain and Ireland) was William Pitt the Younger.[9] The first Prime Minister of the current United Kingdom (the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) was Bonar Law,[10] although the country was not renamed officially until 1927 when Stanley Baldwin was the serving Prime Minister.[11]
Due to the gradual evolution of the post of Prime Minister, the title is applied to early prime ministers only retrospectively;[12] this has sometimes given rise to academic dispute. Lord Bath and Lord Waldegrave are sometimes listed as prime ministers.[13] Bath was invited to form a ministry by King George II when Henry Pelham resigned in 1746,[14] as was Waldegrave in 1757 after the dismissal of William Pitt the Elder,[15] who dominated the affairs of government during the Seven Years' War. Neither was able to command sufficient parliamentary support to form a government; Bath stepped down after two days,[13] and Waldegrave after three.[15] Modern academic consensus does not consider either man to have held office as Prime Minister,[16] and they are therefore not listed.
Contents
[hide]
1 Before 1721
2 Since 1721
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
5.1 Citations
5.2 Sources
5.2.1 Books
5.2.2 Online
6 Further reading
7 External links
Before 1721[edit]
Further information: List of English chief ministers
Prior to the Georgian era, the Treasury of England was led by the Lord High Treasurer.[17] By the late Tudor period, the Lord High Treasurer was regarded as one of the Great Officers of State,[17] and was often (though not always) the dominant figure in the government: Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (Lord High Treasurer, 1547–1549),[18] served as Lord Protector to his prepubescent nephew King Edward VI;[18] William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (Lord High Treasurer, 1572–1598),[19] was the dominant minister to Queen Elizabeth I;[19] Burghley's son Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, succeeded his father as chief minister to Elizabeth I (1598–1603) and was eventually appointed by King James I as Lord High Treasurer (1608–1612).[20]
By the late Stuart period, the Treasury was often run not by a single individual (i.e. Lord High Treasurer) but by a commission of Lords of the Treasury,[21] led by the First Lord of the Treasury. The last Lords High Treasurer, Lord Godolphin (1702–1710) and Lord Oxford (1711–1714),[22] ran the government of Queen Anne.[23]
After the succession of King George I in 1714, the arrangement of a commission of Lords of the Treasury (as opposed to a single Lord High Treasurer) became permanent.[24] For the next three years, the government was headed by Lord Townshend, who was appointed Secretary of State for the Northern Department.[25] Subsequently, Lord Stanhope and Lord Sunderland ran the government jointly,[26] with Stanhope managing foreign and Sunderland managing domestic affairs.[26] Stanhope died in February 1721 and Sunderland resigned two months later;[26] Townshend and Robert Walpole were then invited to form the next government.[27] From that point, the holder of the office of First Lord also usually (albeit unofficially) held the status of Prime Minister. It was not until the Edwardian era that the title Prime Minister was constitutionally recognised.[12] The Prime Minister still holds the office of First Lord by constitutional convention.[28]
Since 1721[edit]
By century and monarch
18th to 19th century
George I
George II[n 1]
George III[n 2]
George IV
William IV
Victoria
20th to 21st century
Edward VII
George V
Edward VIII
George VI
Elizabeth II
Whig (17) Tory (11) Conservative (17) Peelite (1) Liberal (7) Labour (6) National Labour (1)
Portrait
Prime Minister
(Birth–Death)
Term of office & mandate[n 3]
Duration in years and days
Ministerial portfolios
held as Prime Minister
Party
Ministry
Monarch
(Reign)
Ref
The Right Honourable
Robert Walpole
1st Earl of Orford
KGKBPC
MP for King's Lynn[n 4]
(1676–1745) 4 April
1721 11 February
1742 1722
First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons[n 5]
Whig Walpole–Townshend
George I

(1714–1727)
[33]
1727
George II

(1727–1760)
1734 Walpole
1741
20 years and 314 days
The Right Honourable
Spencer Compton
1st Earl of Wilmington
KGKBPC
(1673–1743) 16 February
1742 2 July
1743 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Whig Carteret [34]
1 year and 137 days[†]
 The Right Honourable
Henry Pelham
FRS
MP for Sussex
(1694–1754) 27 August
1743 6 March
1754 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons
Whig [35]
Broad Bottom I
1747 Broad Bottom II
10 years and 192 days[†]
His Grace
Thomas Pelham-Holles
1st Duke of Newcastle
KGPCFRS
(1693–1768) 16 March
1754 16 November
1756 1754
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig Newcastle I [36]
2 years and 246 days
His Grace
William Cavendish
4th Duke of Devonshire
KGPC
(1720–1764) 16 November
1756 25 June
1757 —
First Lord of the Treasury[n 6]
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig Pitt–Devonshire [38]
 1757 Caretaker
222 days
His Grace
Thomas Pelham-Holles
1st Duke of Newcastle
KGPCFRS
(1693–1768) 2 July
1757 26 May
1762 1761
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig Pitt–Newcastle [36]
George III

(1760–1820)
4 years and 329 days
The Right Honourable
John Stuart
3rd Earl of Bute
KGPC
(1713–1792) 26 May
1762 8 April
1763 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Tory Bute
(Tory–Whig) [39]
318 days
The Right Honourable
George Grenville
MP for Buckingham
(1712–1770) 16 April
1763 13 July
1765 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons
Whig
(Grenvillite) Grenville
(Whig–Tory) [40]
2 years and 89 days
The Most Honourable
Charles Watson-Wentworth
2nd Marquess of Rockingham
KGPCFRS
(1730–1782) 13 July
1765 30 July
1766 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig
(Rockinghamite) Rockingham I [41]
1 year and 18 days
The Right Honourable
William Pitt
1st Earl of Chatham
PCFRS
MP for Bath[n 7]
(1708–1778) 30 July
1766 14 October
1768 1768
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Whig
(Chathamite) Chatham
(Whig–Tory) [43]
2 years and 77 days
His Grace
Augustus FitzRoy
3rd Duke of Grafton
KGPC
(1735–1811) 14 October
1768 28 January
1770 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig
(Chathamite) Grafton [44]
1 year and 107 days
The Right Honourable
Frederick North
Lord North
KG
MP for Banbury
(1732–1792) 28 January
1770 22 March
1782 1774
First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons
Tory
(Northite) North [45]
1780
12 years and 54 days
The Most Honourable
Charles Watson-Wentworth
2nd Marquess of Rockingham
KGPCFRS
(1730–1782) 27 March
1782 1 July
1782 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig
(Rockinghamite) Rockingham II [41]
97 days[†]
The Right Honourable
William Petty
2nd Earl of Shelburne
KGPC
(1737–1805) 4 July
1782 2 April
1783 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig
(Chathamite) Shelburne
(Whig–Tory) [46]
273 days
His Grace
William Cavendish-Bentinck
3rd Duke of Portland
PCFRS
(1738–1809) 2 April
1783 19 December
1783 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig Fox–North [47]
262 days
The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Appleby →
Cambridge University[n 8]
(1759–1806) 19 December
1783 14 March
1801 1784
First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons
Tory
(Pittite) Pitt I [48]
1790
1796
17 years and 86 days
The Right Honourable
Henry Addington
MP for Devizes
(1757–1844) 17 March
1801 10 May
1804 1801
First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons
Tory
(Addingtonian) Addington [49]
1802
3 years and 55 days
The Right Honourable
William Pitt the Younger
MP for Cambridge University
(1759–1806) 10 May
1804 23 January
1806 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons
Tory
(Pittite) Pitt II [48]
1 year and 259 days[†]
The Right Honourable
William Grenville
1st Baron Grenville
PCPC (Ire)
(1759–1834) 11 February
1806 31 March
1807 1806
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig All the Talents
(Whig–Tory) [50]
1 year and 49 days
His Grace
William Cavendish-Bentinck
3rd Duke of Portland
KGPCFRS
(1738–1809) 31 March
1807 4 October
1809 1807
First Lord of the Treasury
Tory
(Pittite) Portland II [47]
2 years and 188 days
The Right Honourable
Spencer Perceval
KC
MP for Northampton
(1762–1812) 4 October
1809 11 May
1812 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
Leader of the House of Commons
Tory
(Pittite) Perceval [51]
2 years and 221 days[‡]
The Right Honourable
Robert Jenkinson
2nd Earl of Liverpool
KGPCFRS
(1770–1828) 8 June
1812 9 April
1827 1812
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Tory
(Pittite) Liverpool [52]
1818
1820
George IV

(1820–1830)
1826
14 years and 306 days
The Right Honourable
George Canning
FRS
MP for Seaford
(1770–1827) 10 April
1827 8 August
1827 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons
Tory
(Canningite) Canning
(Canningite–Whig) [53]
121 days[†]
The Right Honourable
Frederick John Robinson
1st Viscount Goderich
PC
(1782–1859) 31 August
1827 21 January
1828 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Tory
(Canningite) Goderich [54]
144 days
Field MarshalHis Grace
Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
KGGCBGCHPC
(1769–1852) 22 January
1828 16 November
1830 1830
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Tory Wellington–Peel [55]
William IV

(1830–1837)
2 years and 299 days
The Right Honourable
Charles Grey
2nd Earl Grey
KGPC
(1764–1845) 22 November
1830 9 July
1834 1831
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig Grey [56]
1832–
1833
3 years and 230 days
The Right Honourable
William Lamb
2nd Viscount Melbourne
PC
(1779–1848) 16 July
1834 14 November
1834 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig Melbourne I [57]
122 days
Field MarshalHis Grace
Arthur Wellesley
1st Duke of Wellington
KGGCBGCHPC
(1769–1852) 14 November
1834 10 December
1834 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Sec. of State for the Home Department
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs
Sec. of State for War and the Colonies
Leader of the House of Lords
Tory Wellington Caretaker [55]
27 days
The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Peel
BtFRS
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850) 10 December
1834 8 April
1835 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Leader of the House of Commons
Conservative Peel I [58]
120 days
The Right Honourable
William Lamb
2nd Viscount Melbourne
PCFRS
(1779–1848) 18 April
1835 30 August
1841 1835
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Whig Melbourne II [57]
1837
Victoria

(1837–1901)
6 years and 135 days
The Right Honourable
Sir Robert Peel
BtFRS
MP for Tamworth
(1788–1850) 30 August
1841 29 June
1846 1841
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Conservative Peel II [58]
4 years and 304 days
The Right Honourable
Lord John Russell
FRS
MP for the City of London
(1792–1878) 30 June
1846 21 February
1852 1847
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Whig Russell I [59]
5 years and 237 days
The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
PC
(1799–1869) 23 February
1852 17 December
1852 1852
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Conservative Who? Who? [60]
299 days
The Right Honourable
George Hamilton-Gordon
4th Earl of Aberdeen
KTFRSEFRSPCFSA Scot
(1784–1860) 19 December
1852 30 January
1855 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Peelite Aberdeen
(Peelite–Whig) [61]
2 years and 43 days
The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
KGGCBPCFRS
MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865) 6 February
1855 19 February
1858 1857
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Whig Palmerston I [62]
3 years and 14 days
The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
PC
(1799–1869) 20 February
1858 11 June
1859 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Conservative Derby–Disraeli II [60]
1 year and 112 days
The Right Honourable
Henry John Temple
3rd Viscount Palmerston
KGGCBPCFRS
MP for Tiverton
(1784–1865) 12 June
1859 18 October
1865 1859
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Liberal Palmerston II [62]
1865
6 years and 129 days[†]
The Right Honourable
John Russell
1st Earl Russell
KGPCFRS
(1792–1878) 29 October
1865 26 June
1866 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Liberal Russell II [59]
241 days
The Right Honourable
Edward Smith-Stanley
14th Earl of Derby
KGPC
(1799–1869) 28 June
1866 25 February
1868 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Lords
Conservative Derby–Disraeli III [60]
1 year and 243 days
The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
MP for Buckinghamshire
(1804–1881) See also § Premierships:1
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Conservative [63]
27 February
1868 1 December
1868 —
279 days
The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FSS
MP for Greenwich
(1809–1898) See also § Premierships:2
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer[n 9]
Liberal Gladstone I [65]
3 December
1868 17 February
1874 1868
5 years and 77 days
The Right Honourable
Benjamin Disraeli
1st Earl of Beaconsfield
KGPCFRS
MP for Buckinghamshire[n 10]
(1804–1881) See also § Premierships:1
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons[n 11]
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal[n 12]
Leader of the House of Lords[n 13]
Conservative Disraeli II [63]
20 February
1874 21 April
1880 1874
6 years and 62 days
The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898) See also § Premierships:2
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer[n 14]
Liberal Gladstone II [65]
23 April
1880 9 June
1885 1880
5 years and 48 days
The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903) 23 June
1885 28 January
1886 —
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs
Leader of the House of Lords
Conservative Salisbury I [68]
220 days
The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898) See also § Premierships:2
First Lord of the Treasury
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Leader of the House of Commons
Liberal Gladstone III [65]
1 February
1886 20 July
1886 1885
170 days
The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903) 25 July
1886 11 August
1892 1886
Leader of the House of Lords
First Lord of the Treasury[n 15]
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs[n 16]
Conservative Salisbury II [68]
6 years and 18 days
The Right Honourable
William Ewart Gladstone
FRSFSS
MP for Midlothian
(1809–1898) See also § Premierships:2
First Lord of the Treasury
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
Leader of the House of Commons
Liberal Gladstone IV [65]
15 August
1892 2 March
1894 1892
1 year and 200 days
The Right Honourable
Archibald Primrose
5th Earl of Rosebery
KGPCFRS
(1847–1929) 5 March
1894 22 June
1895 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Lord President of the Council
Leader of the House of Lords
Liberal Rosebery [71]
1 year and 110 days
The Most Honourable
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil
3rd Marquess of Salisbury
KGPCFRSDL
(1830–1903) 25 June
1895 11 July
1902 1895
Leader of the House of Lords
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs[n 17]
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal[n 18]
Conservative Salisbury III
(Con.–Lib.U.) [68]
1900
7 years and 17 days
Edward VII

(1901–1910)
The Right Honourable
Arthur Balfour
FRSDL
MP for Manchester East
(1848–1930) 11 July
1902 5 December
1905 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Conservative Balfour [72]
3 years and 148 days
The Right Honourable
Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman
GCB
MP for Stirling Burghs
(1836–1908) 5 December
1905 7 April
1908 1906
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Liberal Campbell-Bannerman [73]
2 years and 125 days
The Right Honourable
Herbert Henry Asquith
KCFRS
MP for East Fife
(1852–1928) 7 April
1908 7 December
1916 Jan.1910
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Sec. of State for War[n 19]
Liberal Asquith I [75]
Dec.1910
George V

(1910–1936)
— Asquith II
(Lib.–Con.–et al.)
8 years and 243 days
The Right Honourable
David Lloyd George
OM
MP for Caernarvon Boroughs
(1863–1945) 7 December
1916 19 October
1922 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Liberal Lloyd George War [76]
1918 Lloyd George II
(Lib.–Con.)
5 years and 318 days
The Right Honourable
Bonar Law
MP for Glasgow Central
(1858–1923) 23 October
1922 20 May
1923 1922
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Conservative
(Scot.U.) Law [77]
210 days
The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JP
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947) 23 May
1923 16 January
1924 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer[n 20]
Conservative Baldwin I [78]
239 days
The Right Honourable
Ramsay MacDonald
MP for Aberavon
(1866–1937) 22 January
1924 4 November
1924 1923
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Sec. of State for Foreign Affairs
Labour MacDonald I [79]
288 days
The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JPFRS
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947) 4 November
1924 5 June
1929 1924
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Conservative Baldwin II [78]
4 years and 214 days
The Right Honourable
Ramsay MacDonald
FRS
MP for Seaham
(1866–1937) 5 June
1929 7 June
1935 1929
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Labour MacDonald II [79]
— National Labour National I
(N.Lab.–Con.–et al.)
1931 National II
6 years and 3 days
 The Right Honourable
Stanley Baldwin
JPFRS
MP for Bewdley
(1867–1947) 7 June
1935 28 May
1937 1935
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Conservative National III
(Con.–N.Lab.–et al.) [78]
Edward VIII

(1936)
George VI

(1936–1952)
1 year and 356 days
The Right Honourable
Neville Chamberlain
FRS
MP for Birmingham Edgbaston
(1869–1940) 28 May
1937 10 May
1940 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Leader of the House of Commons
Conservative National IV [80]
 Chamberlain War
2 years and 349 days
The Right Honourable
Winston Churchill
CHTDFRS
MP for Epping
(1874–1965) 10 May
1940 26 July
1945 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister of Defence
Leader of the House of Commons[n 21]
Conservative Churchill War
(All parties) [82]
 Churchill Caretaker
(Con.–Lib.N.)
5 years and 78 days
The Right Honourable
Clement Attlee
CHFRS
MP for Limehouse →
Walthamstow West[n 22]
(1883–1967) 26 July
1945 26 October
1951 1945
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister of Defence[n 23]
Labour Attlee I [84]
1950 Attlee II
6 years and 93 days
The Right Honourable
Sir Winston Churchill
KGOMCHTDDLFRSRA
MP for Woodford
(1874–1965) 26 October
1951 7 April
1955 1951
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister of Defence[n 24]
Conservative Churchill III [82]
3 years and 163 days
Elizabeth II

(1952–present)
The Right Honourable
Sir Anthony Eden
KGMC
MP for Warwick & Leamington
(1897–1977) 7 April
1955 10 January
1957 1955
First Lord of the Treasury
Conservative Eden [85]
1 year and 280 days
The Right Honourable
Harold Macmillan
FRS
MP for Bromley
(1894–1986) 10 January
1957 18 October
1963 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Conservative Macmillan I [86]
1959 Macmillan II
6 years and 283 days
The Right Honourable
Sir Alec Douglas-Home
KT
MP for Kinross & Western Perthshire[n 25]
(1903–1995) 18 October
1963 16 October
1964 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Conservative
(Scot.U.) Douglas-Home [88]
364 days
The Right Honourable
Harold Wilson
OBEFRS
MP for Huyton
(1916–1995) 16 October
1964 19 June
1970 1964
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service[n 26]
Labour Wilson I [90]
1966 Wilson II
5 years and 247 days
The Right Honourable
Edward Heath
MBE
MP for Bexley →
Sidcup[n 27]
(1916–2005) 19 June
1970 4 March
1974 1970
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
Conservative Heath [91]
3 years and 259 days
The Right Honourable
Harold Wilson
OBEFRS
MP for Huyton
(1916–1995) 4 March
1974 5 April
1976 Feb.1974
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
Labour Wilson III [90]
Oct.1974 Wilson IV
2 years and 33 days
The Right Honourable
James Callaghan
MP for Cardiff South East
(1912–2005) 5 April
1976 4 May
1979 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
Labour Callaghan [92]
3 years and 30 days
The Right Honourable
Margaret Thatcher
FRSHonFRSC
MP for Finchley
(1925–2013) See also § Premierships:3
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
Conservative Thatcher I [93]
4 May
1979 28 November
1990 1979
1983 Thatcher II
1987 Thatcher III
11 years and 209 days
The Right Honourable
John Major
MP for Huntingdon
(born 1943) 28 November
1990 2 May
1997 —
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
Conservative Major I [94]
1992 Major II
6 years and 156 days
The Right Honourable
Tony Blair
MP for Sedgefield
(born 1953) See also § Premierships:4
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
Labour Blair I [95]
2 May
1997 27 June
2007 1997
2001 Blair II
2005 Blair III
10 years and 57 days
The Right Honourable
Gordon Brown
MP for Kirkcaldy & Cowdenbeath
(born 1951) See also § Premierships:5
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
Labour Brown [96]
27 June
2007 11 May
2010 —
2 years and 319 days
The Right Honourable
David Cameron
MP for Witney
(born 1966) See also § Premierships:6
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
Conservative Cameron–Clegg
(Con.–L.D.) [97]
11 May
2010 13 July
2016 2010
2015 Cameron II
6 years and 64 days
The Right Honourable
Theresa May
MP for Maidenhead
(born 1956) See also § Premierships:7
First Lord of the Treasury
Minister for the Civil Service
Conservative May I [98]
13 July
2016 Incumbent —
2017 May II
1 year and 341 days
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Main category: British premierships
^1: Premierships of Benjamin Disraeli
^2: Premierships of William Ewart Gladstone
^3: Premiership of Margaret Thatcher
^4: Premiership of Tony Blair
^5: Premiership of Gordon Brown
^6: Premiership of David Cameron
^7: Premiership of Theresa May
Notes[edit]
^† Died in office / ^‡ assassinated.
Jump up ^ Queen Caroline served as Regent in absentia to George II on four occasions during the premiership of Sir Robert Walpole.[29]
Jump up ^ The Prince of Wales served as Prince Regent from 8 February 1811.[30] Restrictions on his power were lifted on 1 February 1812.[31]
Jump up ^ Listed in the rightward column are general elections held during the course of a ministry—whose cells are shaded according to the colours of the majority party or grey in the case of no single party winning a majority in the Commons—while cells containing a dash indicate the appointment of a new government without such an election, shaded grey if the resulting ministry excluded the majority party or was formed during a hung parliament.
Jump up ^ Elevated to the Peerage of Great Britain on 6 February 1742.[32]
Jump up ^ Served as Commons Leader until 6 February 1742.
Jump up ^ Served as First Lord until 8 June 1757 and from 12 June.[37]
Jump up ^ Elevated to the Peerage of Great Britain on 4 August 1766.[42]
Jump up ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1784 general election.
Jump up ^ Served as Chancellor from 30 August 1873.[64]
Jump up ^ Elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom on 21 August 1876.[66]
Jump up ^ Served as Commons Leader until 21 August 1876.
Jump up ^ Served as Lord Keeper from 12 August 1876 to 4 February 1878.[67]
Jump up ^ Served as Lords Leader from 21 August 1876.
Jump up ^ Served as Chancellor until 16 December 1882.[64]
Jump up ^ Served as First Lord until 14 January 1887.[69]
Jump up ^ Served as Foreign Secretary from 14 January 1887.[70]
Jump up ^ Served as Foreign Secretary until 12 November 1900.[70]
Jump up ^ Served as Lord Privy Seal from 12 November 1900.[67]
Jump up ^ Served as Secretary of State from 31 March to 6 August 1914.[74]
Jump up ^ Served as Chancellor until 11 October 1923.[64]
Jump up ^ Served as Commons Leader until 19 February 1942.[81]
Jump up ^ Elected to a new constituency in the 1950 general election.
Jump up ^ Served as Minister until 21 December 1946.[83]
Jump up ^ Served as Minister until 29 February 1952.[83]
Jump up ^ Earl of Home until 23 October 1963.[87] Elected MP on 7 November.
Jump up ^ Served as Minister from 1 November 1968.[89]
Jump up ^ Elected to a new constituency in the February 1974 general election.
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ Hennessy 2001, pp. 39–40.
Jump up ^ Hansard 1805.
Jump up ^ Hansard 1885a; Hansard 1885b.
Jump up ^ Marriott 1923, p. 83.
Jump up ^ Clarke 1999, p. 266; Hennessy 2001, p. 39–40.
Jump up ^ BBC News 1998.
Jump up ^ Marriott 1923, p. 83; Mackay 1987.
Jump up ^ Bogdanor 1997.
Jump up ^ Hansard 1805; Burt 1874, p. 106.
Jump up ^ Hansard 1922.
Jump up ^ Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927.
^ Jump up to: a b Leonard 2010, p. 1.
^ Jump up to: a b Carpenter 1992, p. 37.
Jump up ^ Leonard 2010, p. 47.
^ Jump up to: a b Leonard 2010, p. 65.
Jump up ^ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
^ Jump up to: a b Chisholm 1911f.
^ Jump up to: a b Pollard 1904.
^ Jump up to: a b Chisholm 1911a.
Jump up ^ Chisholm 1911c.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2002.
Jump up ^ Stephen 1890; Fisher Russell Barker 1890.
Jump up ^ Morrill 2014.
Jump up ^ Chapman 2002, p. 15.
Jump up ^ McMullen Rigg 1899.
^ Jump up to: a b c Chisholm 1911d; Chisholm 1911e.
Jump up ^ Chisholm 1911b; McMullen Rigg 1899.
Jump up ^ Gov.uk 2013.
Jump up ^ Pryde et al. 1996, p. 46.
Jump up ^ Pryde 1996, p. 47.
Jump up ^ The Lady's Magazine 1830, p. 384.
Jump up ^ Cracroft's Peerage 2003a.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 1; Parker 2013, p. 13.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 14; Parker 2013, p. 15.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 17; Parker 2013, p. 17.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 28; Parker 2013, p. 19.
Jump up ^ Douglas 1953, p. 958.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 34; Parker 2013, p. 21.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 36; Parker 2013, p. 23.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 42; Parker 2013, p. 25.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 46; Parker 2013, p. 27.
Jump up ^ Cracroft's Peerage 2003b.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 54; Parker 2013, p. 29.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 61; Parker 2013, p. 32.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 64; Parker 2013, p. 34.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 73; Parker 2013, p. 36.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 77; Parker 2013, p. 38.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 85; Parker 2013, p. 40.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 94; Parker 2013, p. 43.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 98; Parker 2013, p. 45.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 101; Parker 2013, p. 47.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 106; Parker 2013, p. 49.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 116; Parker 2013, p. 51.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 120; Parker 2013, p. 53.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 123; Parker 2013, p. 55–56.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 128; Parker 2013, p. 57.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 136; Parker 2013, p. 60.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 142; Parker 2013, p. 63.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 151; Parker 2013, p. 65.
^ Jump up to: a b c Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 161; Parker 2013, p. 67.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 167; Parker 2013, p. 69.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 174; Parker 2013, p. 71.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 183; Parker 2013, p. 73.
^ Jump up to: a b c Pryde et al. 1996, p. 111.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 196; Parker 2013, p. 75.
Jump up ^ Cracroft's Peerage 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Pryde et al. 1996, p. 99.
^ Jump up to: a b c Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 213; Parker 2013, p. 77.
Jump up ^ Locker-Lampson 1907, p. 497.
^ Jump up to: a b Pryde et al. 1996, p. 124.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 222; Parker 2013, p. 79.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 231; Parker 2013, p. 81.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 239; Parker 2013, p. 83.
Jump up ^ Pryde et al. 1996, p. 131.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 244; Parker 2013, p. 85.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 252; Parker 2013, p. 87.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 262; Parker 2013, p. 89.
^ Jump up to: a b c Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 273; Parker 2013, p. 91.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 281; Parker 2013, p. 93.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 289; Parker 2013, p. 95.
Jump up ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 77.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 295; Parker 2013, p. 97.
^ Jump up to: a b Pryde et al. 1996, p. 156.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 305; Parker 2013, p. 100.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 315; Parker 2013, p. 103.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 320; Parker 2013, p. 105.
Jump up ^ Cracroft's Peerage 2011.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 329; Parker 2013, p. 107.
Jump up ^ Butler & Butler 2010, p. 65.
^ Jump up to: a b Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 333; Parker 2013, p. 109.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 343; Parker 2013, p. 111.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 350; Parker 2013, p. 113.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 358; Parker 2013, p. 115.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 384; Parker 2013, p. 117.
Jump up ^ Eccleshall & Walker 2002, p. 392; Parker 2013, p. 119.
Jump up ^ BBC News 2007; Parker 2013, p. 121.
Jump up ^ BBC News 2010; Parker 2013, p. 123.
Jump up ^ BBC News 2016.
Sources[edit]
Books[edit]
Burt, Llewellyn C. (1874). A synoptical history of England (2nd ed.). London: Lockwood.
Butler, David; Butler, Gareth (2010). British Political Facts (10th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-29318-2.
Carpenter, Clive, ed. (1992). The Guinness UK Data Book. Guinness. ISBN 978-0-85112-522-0.
Chapman, Richard A. (2002). "History: from earliest times to the present day". The Treasury in Public Policy-Making. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-86426-3.
Clarke, John (1999). "House of Hanover". In Fraser, Antonia. The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England. University of California Press (published 2000). ISBN 978-0-520-22460-5.
Douglas, David Charles (1953). English Historical Documents. 10. Eyre & Spottiswoode.
Eccleshall, Robert; Walker, Graham, eds. (2002). Biographical Dictionary of British Prime Ministers. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-66230-2.
Hennessy, Peter (2001). "The Platonic Idea and the Constitutional Deal". The Prime Minister: The Office and Its Holders Since 1945. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-29313-0.
Leonard, Dick (2010). Eighteenth-Century British Premiers: Walpole to the Younger Pitt. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-30463-5.
Locker-Lampson, Godfrey (1907). A Consideration of the State of Ireland in the Nineteenth Century. London: Archibald Constable and Co.
Marriott, John (1923). English Political Institutions: An Introductory Study (2nd ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. OL 17361473W  .
Parker, Robert J. (2013). British Prime Ministers (2nd ed.). Amberley Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4456-1021-4.
Pryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I., eds. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56350-5.
Online[edit]
"Alexander Frederick [Douglas-Home], 14th Earl of Home later Baron Home of the Hirsel, KT PC". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
"Benjamin [Disraeli], 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG PC". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 30 December 2010. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
Bogdanor, Vernon (3 October 1997). "Ministers take the biscuit". Times Higher Education. Retrieved 28 April 2018.
"Brown is UK's new prime minister". BBC News. 27 June 2007. Retrieved 5 January 2018. Lay summary (27 June 2007).
Castlereagh, Viscount, President of the Board of Control (29 April 1805). "Military Commissioners' Bill". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 4. House of Commons. col. 496. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911a). "Burghley, William Cecil, Baron". Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911b). "Orford, Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911c). "Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911d). "Stanhope, Earls". Encyclopædia Britannica. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911e). "Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911f). "Treasury". Encyclopædia Britannica. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
"David Cameron is UK's new prime minister". BBC News. 11 May 2010. Archived from the original on 13 May 2010. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
Eardley-Wilmot, Sir John (20 March 1885). "Boroughs to Lose One Member". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 296. House of Commons. col. 156–157. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
"First Lord of the Treasury". gov.uk. Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
Fisher Russell Barker, George (1890). "Harley, Robert". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 24. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Law, Bonar (27 November 1923). "Irish Free State Constitution Bill". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 159. House of Commons. col. 327.
Macfarlane, Sir Donald Horne (14 April 1885). "Central Asia – Russia and Afghanistan – the Russo–Afghan Frontier – Russian Advances". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 296. House of Commons. col. 1634–1635. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011.
Mackay, Robert (28 December 1987). "Thatcher longest serving British prime minister". United Press International. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
McMullen Rigg, James (1899). "Townshend, Charles". In Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 57. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
"Memoir of His Late Most Gracious Majesty George IV". The Lady's Magazine. 31 January 1830.
Morrill, John S. (25 January 2018). "Robert Harley, 1st earl of Oxford". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
"Parties and Prime Ministers". BBC News. 19 May 1998. Archived from the original on 18 March 2004. Retrieved 12 October 2008.
Pollard, Albert (1904). " Chapter XIV". The Cambridge Modern History. 2. Wikisource.
"Prime ministers of the United Kingdom (1730–2011)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
"Robert [Walpole], 1st Earl of Orford, KG PC". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 5 June 2003. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
Stephen, Leslie (1890). "Godolphin, Sidney". In Stephen, Leslie; Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 22. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
"Theresa May vows to be 'one nation' prime minister". BBC News. 13 July 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2016. Lay summary (13 July 2016).
UK Parliament. Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
"William [Pitt], 1st Earl of Chatham, PC". Cracroft's Peerage. Heraldic Media Limited. 10 January 2003. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
Further reading[edit]
Bogdanor, Vernon, ed. (2010). From New Jerusalem to New Labour: British Prime Ministers from Attlee to Blair. Palgrave Macmillan (published 20 October 2016). ISBN 978-0-230-29700-5.
Browne, J. Houston (1858). Lives of the Prime Ministers of England: From the Restoration to the Present Time. 1. London: Thomas Cautley Newby.
Davidson, Jonathan (2010). Downing Street Blues: A History of Depression and Other Mental Afflictions in British Prime Ministers. McFarland & Company. ISBN 978-0-7864-5793-9.
Grube, Dennis (2013). Prime Ministers and Rhetorical Governance. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-31836-7.
King, Anthony Stephen, ed. (1985). The British Prime Minister (2nd ed.). Duke University Press. ISBN 0-8223-0635-2.
Leonard, Dick (2008). Nineteenth Century Premiers: Pitt to Rosebery. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-22725-5.
Quinault, Roland (2011). British Prime Ministers and Democracy: From Disraeli to Blair. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4411-1105-0.
External links[edit]
"Past Prime Ministers". gov.uk. Government of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 25 August 2008.
"Prime Ministers and Politics Timeline". BBC History. Archived from the original on 27 May 2011.
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