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Climate of Europe
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A Köppen climate classification map of Europe.
Biomes of Europe and surrounding regions:
tundra alpine tundra taiga montane forest
temperate broadleaf forest mediterranean forest temperate steppe dry steppe
Western Europe has an Oceanic climate, far southern Europe has a Mediterranean climate, and eastern Europe is classified as having a Continental climate. The climate of western Europe is strongly conditioned by the Gulf Stream, which keeps mild air (for the latitude) over Northwestern Europe in the winter months, especially in Ireland, the UK and coastal Norway.
Parts of the central European plains have a hybrid oceanic/continental climate. Four seasons occur in Eastern Europe, while southern Europe experiences distinct wet season and dry seasons, with prevailing hot and dry conditions during the summer months.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Gulf Stream
3 Precipitation
4 Temperature
5 Tornadoes
6 See also
7 References
Overview[edit]
Spring in Szczecin, under the influence of Baltic Sea on the climate in the city and all western parts of Poland
The Prevailing westerlies create the basic climate across much of Europe. The Siberian High brings colder, drier weather from the east. Away from the sea, parts of Central and Eastern Europe have a borderline Oceanic/Continental Climate as they are milder than they would otherwise be due to the open ice-free waters of the North/Baltic Seas and lack of mountain barriers, but are not as mild as the Western coasts, and are subject to more frequent snowfalls. The Danube region through the Balkans, Ukraine and Southern Russia have a continental climate with cold winters and hotter summers, some areas bordering on a dry steppe climate with only certain months of higher precipitation, often due to thunderstorms.
A narrow strip along the eastern side of the Black Sea has a modified version of a humid subtropical climate, for example in Sochi, Russia. On the plains of Northern European Russia up to the Ural Mountains, the winter climate is much harsher than elsewhere in Europe with many months of below freezing average temperatures but with periods of hot summer weather. Nevertheless, year-to-year variations can produce different climates such as temperate in the winter, and tropical in the summer.
Gulf Stream[edit]
An Image of the Gulf Stream's path and its related branches.
The average number of days per year with precipitation.
The average amount of sunshine yearly (hours).
Main article: Gulf Stream
See also: North Atlantic Drift
The climate of Western Europe is milder in comparison to other areas of the same latitude around the globe due to the influence of the Gulf Stream. The Mediterranean’s waters are not as deep as the large oceans, allowing it to become a heat store tempering winters along its coastlines.[1] The Gulf Stream is nicknamed "Europe's central heating", because it makes Europe's climate warmer and wetter than it would otherwise be. The North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation also play large roles in determining the amount of Arctic air that penetrates southward diminishing the Gulf stream’s warming effects during winter.[2]
Compared to areas located in the higher middle latitudes, parts of western Europe have mild winters and higher annual temperatures(though summers are cooler than locations at the same latitude). Berlin, Germany; Calgary, Canada; and Irkutsk, in the Asian part of Russia, lie on around the same latitude; January temperatures in Berlin average around 8 °C (15 °F) higher than those in Calgary (although Calgary sits 1200m higher in altitude), and they are almost 22 °C (40 °F) higher than average temperatures in Irkutsk.[1]
This difference is even larger on the northern part of the continent. The January average in Brønnøysund, Norway,[3] is almost 15 °C warmer than the January average in Nome, Alaska,[4] both towns are situated upwind on the west coast of the continents at 65°N, and as much as 42 °C warmer than the January average in Yakutsk which is actually slightly further south. Further south the oceanic climate of Europe compares thermally to North America, at around 48°N Rennes, France has about an equal average temperature throughout the year to Seattle, Washington, although the latter has drier summers with much wetter winters.[5]
Precipitation[edit]
See also: Earth rainfall climatology, Monsoon, and Wet season
Clouds over Europe in September 2012
[6] The downpour of precipitation found along the eastern coasts of Europe is due to the westerly wind flow which dominates across the continent. A bulk of the precipitation across the Alps falls between March and December. The wet season in lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea lasts from October through March, with November and December typically the wettest months.[6]
For example, the monthly rainfall in Athens ranges from 6 mm (July) during their dry season to 71 mm (December) during their wet season.[7] Summer rainfall across the continent evaporates completely into the warm atmosphere, leaving winter precipitation to be the source of groundwater for Europe.[8] Places with significant impact by acid rain across the continent include most of eastern Europe from Poland northward into Scandinavia.[9]
The European Monsoon (more commonly known as the Return of the Westerlies) is the result of a resurgence of westerly winds from the Atlantic, where they become loaded with wind and rain. Rather than a traditional monsoon, where warm seas fuel precipitation and storms, they are more cyclonic low-pressure systems that travel along the section of the gulfstream.[10] These Westerly winds are a common phenomenon during the European winter, but they ease as Spring approaches in late March and through April and May. The winds pick up again in June, which is why this phenomenon is also known as "the return of the westerlies".[11]
The rain usually arrives in two waves, at the beginning of June and again in mid to late June. These storms generally feature significantly lower than average temperatures, fierce rain or hail, thunder and strong winds.[12] The Return of the Westerlies affects Europe's Northern Atlantic coastline, such as Ireland, Great Britain, the Benelux countries, Western Germany, Northern France and parts of Scandinavia.
There are cycles seen within the rainfall data from Northern Europe between Great Britain and Germany, which are seen at 16 years. Southern Europe experiences a 22-year cycle in rainfall variation. Other smaller term cycles are seen at 10-12 year and 6-7 year periods within the rainfall record.[13] Long term trends suggest rainfall within Greece has been decreasing since 1981.[14]
Rainfall averages between 36 mm (March) to 54 mm (November) in London and from 36 mm (March) to 88 mm (July) in Moscow.[15][16][17]
Temperature[edit]
Most of Europe sees seasonal temperatures consistent with temperate climates in other parts of the world, though summers north of the Mediterranean Sea are cooler than most temperate climates experience in summer. Among the cities with a population over 100,000 people in Europe, the coldest winters are mostly found in Russia, with daily highs in winter averaging 0 C (32 F), while the mildest winters in the continent are in coastal southern Spain and the southernmost coast of Crete.
Almería, Málaga, Cádiz, Algeciras and Ierapetra average over 12 °C (54 °F) in January with 16–20 °C (61–68 °F) during the day. The hottest summers of the continent occur in cities and towns of the hinterland of southern Spain: July average highs in this region are 36.2 °C (97.2 °F) in Seville and 36.9 °C (98.4 °F) in Cordoba.
Average daytime temperature (°C)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Helsinki[17] -1.3 -1.9 1.6 7.6 14.4 18.5 21.5 19.8 14.6 9.0 3.7 0.5 9.0
Minsk[18] -2.1 -1.4 3.8 12.2 18.7 21.5 23.6 22.8 16.7 10.2 2.9 -1.2 10.8
Budapest[19] 1.2 4.5 10.2 16.3 21.4 24.4 26.5 26.0 22.1 16.1 8.1 3.1 15.0
London[20] 8.1 8.6 11.6 14.6 18.1 21.0 23.4 23.1 20.0 15.5 11.3 8.4 15.3
Paris[21] 6.9 8.2 11.8 14.7 19.0 21.8 24.4 24.6 20.8 15.8 10.4 7.8 15.5
Bucharest[22] 1.5 4.1 10.2 18.0 23.3 26.8 28.8 28.5 24.6 18.0 10.0 3.8 16.5
Rome[23] 14.0 15.1 18.3 21.1 25.9 29.6 32.3 32.5 27.2 23.0 18.1 15.3 22.4
Barcelona[24][25] 13.9 14.3 16.4 18.9 22.5 26.1 28.6 29.0 26.0 22.5 17.1 14.5 20.6
Lisbon[26] 14.8 16.2 18.8 19.8 22.1 25.7 27.9 28.3 26.5 22.5 18.2 15.3 21.5
Athens[27] 12.9 13.6 16.0 20.3 25.1 29.8 32.6 32.3 28.9 23.1 18.6 14.7 22.3
Malta[28] 15.6 15.6 17.3 19.8 24.1 28.6 31.5 31.8 28.5 25.0 20.7 17.1 23.0
Málaga[29] 16.8 17.7 19.6 21.4 24.3 28.1 30.5 30.8 28.2 24.1 20.1 17.5 23.3
Average sea temperature (°C)
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Gdańsk [1] 4 3 3 4 8 13 16 18 15 12 9 6
Brighton [2] 9 8 8 9 11 13 15 17 17 16 13 11
Marseille [3] 13 13 13 14 16 18 21 22 21 18 16 14
Lisbon [4] 15 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 19 18 17
Barcelona [5] 13 13 13 14 17 20 23 25 23 20 17 15
Rome [6] 16 15 16 17 20 22 26 27 25 21 19 16
Athens [7] 16 15 15 16 18 21 24 24 24 21 19 17
Naples [8] 16 15 16 18 20 23 27 28 26 23 20 17
Valencia [9] 14 14 14 16 19 23 25 26 25 22 19 16
Málaga [10] 16 16 16 17 18 21 23 24 22 20 18 17
Malta [11] 16 16 15 16 18 21 24 26 25 23 21 18
Tornadoes[edit]
The Netherlands has the highest average number of recorded tornadoes per area of any country in the world (more than 20, or 0.0013 per sq mi (0.00048 per km2), annually), followed by the UK (around 33, or 0.00035 per sq mi (0.00013 per km2), per year),[30][31] but most are small and cause minor damage. In absolute number of events, ignoring area, the UK experiences more tornadoes than any other European country, excluding waterspouts.[32] Europe uses its own tornado scale, known as the TORRO scale, which ranges from a T0 for extremely weak tornadoes to T11 for the most powerful known tornadoes.[33]
See also[edit]
Arctic oscillation
North Atlantic oscillation
2003 European heat wave
List of European cities by temperature
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "European Climate". World Book. World Book, Inc. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2011-02-15.
Jump up ^ Seager, Richard (July–August 2006). "The Source of Europe's Mild Climate". American Scientist Online. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
Jump up ^ Brønnøysund
Jump up ^ Nome
Jump up ^ Yakutsk
^ Jump up to: a b A. V. Mehta and S. Yang (2008-12-22). "Precipitation climatology over Mediterranean Basin from ten years of TRMM measurements" (PDF). Advances in Geosciences. Copernicus Publications. 17: 87–91. Bibcode:2008AdG....17...87M. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
Jump up ^ Athens, Greece(retrieved 9 January 2010)
Jump up ^ Richard Thornsen (1990). "Effect of Climate Variability and Change in Groundwater in Europe" (PDF). Nordic Hydrology. 21: 187. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
Jump up ^ Ed. Hatier (1993). "Acid Rain in Europe". United Nations Environment Programme GRID Arendal. Archived from the original on 2009-08-22. Retrieved 2010-01-31.
Jump up ^ Visser, S.W. (1953). Some remarks on the European monsoon. Birkhäuser: Basel.
Jump up ^ Leo Hickman (2008-07-09). "The Question: What is the European monsoon?". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
Jump up ^ Paul Simons (2009-06-07). "'European Monsoon' to blame for cold and rainy start to June". The Times. Retrieved 2009-06-09.
Jump up ^ R. G. Vines (1985-03-25). "European Rainfall Patterns". International Journal of Climatology. 5 (6): 607–616. Bibcode:1985IJCli...5..607V. doi:10.1002/joc.3370050603. Retrieved 2010-01-09.
Jump up ^ J. D. Pnevmatikos and B. D. Katsoulis (2006-05-31). "The changing rainfall regime in Greece and its impact on climatological means". Meteorological Applications. Cambridge University Press. 13 (4): 331–345. Bibcode:2006MeApp..13..331P. doi:10.1017/S1350482706002350.
Jump up ^ Average conditions: London, United Kingdom(retrieved 9 January 2010)
Jump up ^ Average conditions: Moscow, Russian Federation(retrieved 9 January 2010)
^ Jump up to: a b Helsinki
Jump up ^ "Pogoda.ru.net" (in Russian). Retrieved 8 September 2007.
Jump up ^ http://met.hu/
Jump up ^ http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/public/weather/climate/gcpuzu47t
Jump up ^ http://france.meteofrance.com/france/climat_france?CLIMAT_PORTLET.path=climatstationn%2F75114001
Jump up ^ "Bucuresti Baneasa Climate Normals 1961-1990". www.NOAA.gov. Retrieved 31 October 2012.
Jump up ^ http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClimatico/pdf/%28239%29Roma%20Ciampino.pdf
Jump up ^ "Weather Information for Barcelona - World Meteorological Organization (United Nations)".
Jump up ^ "Valores Climatológicos Normales. Barcelona / Aeropuerto - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología". Archived from the original on 2011-02-16.
Jump up ^ "Monthly Averages for Lisbon, Portugal". Instituto de Meteorologia. Retrieved 2012-06-16.
Jump up ^ http://www.yr.no/place/Greece/Attica/Athens/statistics.html
Jump up ^ "Average temperatures in Malta 1981-2010". Retrieved 2017-01-24.
Jump up ^ "Valores climatológicos normales. Málaga - Agencia Estatal de Meteorología". Retrieved 2018-01-24.
Jump up ^ J Holden, A Wright (2003-03-13). "UK tornado climatology and the development of simple prediction tools" (PDF). Quarterly Journal of the Meteorological Society. Royal Meteorological Society. 130: 1009–1021. Bibcode:2004QJRMS.130.1009H. doi:10.1256/qj.03.45. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-08-24. Retrieved 2009-12-13.
Jump up ^ Staff (2002-03-28). "Natural Disasters: Tornadoes". BBC Science and Nature. BBC. Archived from the original on 2002-10-14. Retrieved 2009-12-13.
Jump up ^ Nikolai Dotzek (2003-03-20). "An updated estimate of tornado occurrence in Europe" (PDF). Atmospheric Research. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-14. Retrieved 2009-12-13.
Jump up ^ Meaden, Terrance (2004). "Wind Scales: Beaufort, T — Scale, and Fujita's Scale". Tornado and Storm Research Organisation. Archived from the original on 2010-04-30. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
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Ethnic groups in the Philippines
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The Philippines are inhabited by more than 175 ethnolinguistic nations, the majority of whose languages are Austronesian in origin. Many of these nations converted to Christianity, particularly the lowland-coastal nations, and adopted many foreign elements of culture. Ethnolinguistic nations include the Ivatan, Pangasinan, Kapampangan, Tagalog, Bicolano, Visayans (Masbateño, Hiligaynon, Cebuano, Waray, Butuanon, Romblomanon, Kamayo, Cuyonon, and Surigaonon), Zamboangueño, Subanon, and more.
In western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago, there are ethnolinguistic nations who practice Islam. The Spanish called them Moros after the Moors, despite no resemblance or cultural ties to them apart from their religion. In the Agusan Marsh and the highlands of Mindanao, there are native ethnic groups collectively known as the Lumad. Most maintain their animistic beliefs and traditions, though some of them have converted to Christianity as well.
The Negrito are a pre-Austronesian people who migrated from Africa and were among the earliest human beings to settle the Philippines.[citation needed] The first known were the people of the Callao Man remains. The Negrito population was estimated in 2004 at around 31,000.[1] Their tribal groups include the Ati, and the Aeta. Their ways of life remain mostly free from Western and Islamic influences. Scholars study them to try to understand pre-Hispanic culture.
Most Filipinos are Malayo-Polynesian, a major family within the Austronesian language family. Other ethnolinguistic nations form a minority in the Philippine population. These include those of Spanish, Latin American, Japanese, Chinese particularly the Hokkien and Cantonese, Indians particularly the Punjabi, Tamil and Kerala, and other ethnolinguistic nations from other countries. Mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity individuals are known as mestizo.
Contents
[hide]
1 Identity
2 History
3 Native ethnolinguistic nations
3.1 Lowland ethnolinguistic nations
3.2 Highland ethnolinguistic nations
4 Immigrants
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Identity[edit]
Further information: Models of migration to the Philippines
Dominant ethnic groups by province.
A 2008 genetic study showed no evidence of a large-scale Taiwanese migration into the Philippines. The Leeds University study, published in Molecular Biology and Evolution, showed that mitochondrial DNA lineages have been evolving within Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) since modern humans arrived approximately 50,000 years ago.[2]
There is no genetic evidence for large-scale population replacement, displacement, or absorption to suggest replacement of preexisting hunting and gathering populations by farming-voyaging immigrants from Taiwan.[3] Population dispersals occurred at the same time as sea levels rose, which resulted in migrations from the Philippines to as far north as Taiwan within the last 10,000 years.[2]
Examination of mitochondrial DNA lineages showed that the neolithic culture (Austronesian) had been evolving within Island Southeast Asia (ISEA) for a longer period than previously believed. Per co-author Dr Oppenheimer, from the Oxford University School of Anthropology, population migrations were most likely to have been driven by climate change—the effects of the drowning of a huge ancient peninsula called Sundaland, that extended the Asian landmass as far as Borneo and Java.[2]
This happened during the period 15,000 to 7,000 years ago following the last Ice Age. Rising sea levels in three massive pulses caused flooding and the submergence of the Sunda Peninsula, creating the Java and South China Seas and the thousands of islands that make up Indonesia and the Philippines today.[2]
According to a recent study by Mark Donohue of the Australian National University and Tim Denham of Monash University, there is no linguistic evidence for an orderly north-to-south dispersal of the Austronesian languages from Taiwan through the Philippines and into Island Southeast Asia (ISEA).[3]
The Philippine Statistics Department does not account for the racial background or ancestry of an individual. The official population of all types of mestizos (Asian, American, etc.) that reside inside and outside of the Philippines remains unknown. Although a study provided by Stanford University[4] found that European introgression into the Philippines was evident due to the period of colonization, it only genotyped 28 individuals from the Philippines. Results from such a small sample cannot be used with high confidence to characterize a population of 92 million persons.[a] Old Spanish censuses state that as much as 33.5% or one third of the population of the main island of Luzon had full or partial Hispanic or Latino descent.[6]
History[edit]
Inside the firth chamber of Callao Cave, where the remains of the Callao Man was discovered.
Prehistoric Tabon Man, found in Palawan in 1962 was, until 2007, the oldest human remains discovered by anthropologists in the Philippines. Archaeological evidence indicates similarities with two early human fossils found in Indonesia and China, called the Java Man and Peking Man. In 2007, a single metatarsal from an earlier fossil was discovered in Callao Cave, Peñablanca, Cagayan. That earlier fossil was named as Callao Man.
The Negritos, several ethnolinguistic nations of the Australoid race,[7] arrived about 30,000 years ago and occupied several scattered areas throughout the islands. Recent archaeological evidence described by Peter Bellwood claimed that the ancestors of Filipinos, Malaysians, and Indonesians first crossed the Taiwan Strait during the Prehistoric period. These early mariners are thought to be the Austronesian people (Malayo-Polynesian). They used boats to cross the oceans, and settled into many regions of Southeast Asia, the Polynesian Islands, and Madagascar.
By the 14th century, the Malayo-Polynesian ethnolinguistic nations had dominated and displaced the Negrito population in most areas. Traders from southern China, Japan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia, also contributed to the ethnic, and cultural development of the islands.[8]
In the 16th and 17th centuries, thousands of Japanese people traders also migrated to the Philippines and assimilated into the local population.[9] pp. 52–3
By the 16th century, Spanish colonization brought new groups of people to the Philippines. Many settled in the Philippines, and intermarried with the indigenous population. This gave rise to the Filipino mestizo or individuals of mixed Austronesian and Spanish descent.
Far more numerous were Chinese immigrant workers, known as sangley, as many Chinese historically had been traders. They intermarried with Filipinos, and their children and descendants were called mestizo de sangley. By the 19th century, the more successful among them had risen to become wealthy major landowners. They could afford to have their children educated in elite institutions in the Philippines and Europe.
By the opening of the Suez Canal in the 1800s, the Spanish opened the Philippines for foreign trade. Europeans such as the British, Germans, and French settled in the islands to do business. By the end of the Spanish colonial period, the native ethnic groups of the Philippines began calling themselves Filipinos, a term that had begun as self-identification for persons of Spanish descent born in the Philippines.
Following its victory in the Spanish–American War, the United States created a colonial authority in the Philippines in 1898. Military troops and businessmen made their way to the country, bringing in new ethnic groups, culture and language. In the late 19th century.
The Philippines has over 180 indigenous ethnic groups, over half of which represent unique linguistic groups.
Native ethnolinguistic nations[edit]
Main article: Indigenous peoples of the Philippines
Lowland ethnolinguistic nations[edit]
Ethnolinguistic Nation(s)
Image
Description(s)
Notes
Bicolano The Bicolanos originated in Bicol Region in Southern Luzon. There are several Bikol languages of which there is a total of about 3.5 million speakers.[10] The most widespread Bikol language is Central Bikol comprising Naga, Legazpi, Daet and Partido dialects (Virac is sometimes considered as a separate language). They are known for their cuisine heavily using chili peppers and coconut milk.
Gaddang The Gaddang number about 25,000. They are known to have inhabited the upper Cagayan Valley, particularly Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya since before the Spanish arrived. Their language is distantly related to Ibanag and Yogad; it is also spoken by ethnically-related highland Ga'dang in the provinces of Ifugao and Mountain Province.
Ibanag The Ibanags are a predominantly Christian lowland ethnic group numbering around half a million people and who primarily inhabit the provinces of Cagayan and Isabela in the Cagayan Valley of northern Luzon. They speak the Ibanag language, which is distantly related to Ilocano.
Ilocano The Ilocano people are a predominantly Christian group who reside within the lowlands and coastal areas of northwestern Luzon.[11] Other Ilocanos are also found in Cordillera Administrative Region and Cagayan Valley. Minor pockets of Ilocanos are also found in scattered parts of Central Luzon, such as Zambales, Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, and Aurora, in Metro Manila and in some municipalities in Mindanao, mainly in Sultan Kudarat.[11][12] They speak Ilocano and they form the third largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines at about 8.1 million.[13] Their foremost folk literature is Biag ni Lam-ang (The Life of Lam-ang), an epic poem with similarities with the Ramayana.
Ivatan The Ivatan (also spelled as Ibatan) are the predominant ethnoliguistic group in the Batanes islands of the Philippines. They have close cultural links with the Taiwanese aborigines.
Kapampangan The Kapampangan or Capampañgan people are the seventh-largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. They originate from Pampanga in the central plains of Luzon, stretching from western Bulacan, northeastern Bataan, and southeastern Zambales, all the way up to southern Tarlac and southwestern Nueva Ecija. They are predominantly Christian. They primarily speak and use the Kapampangan language, which is spoken by more than 1.4 million people. In the Spanish colonial era, Pampanga was known to be a source of valiant soldiers. There was a Kapampangan contingent in the colonial army who helped defend Manila against the Chinese Pirate Limahon. They also helped in battles against the Dutch, the English and Muslim raiders.[14]:3 Kapampangans, along with the Tagalogs, played a major role in the Philippine Revolution.[15]
Pangasinan The Pangasinan people, the Pangasinense, or the Pangalatok are the eighth-largest ethnolinguistic group in the Philippines. They are predominantly Christian and they originate from the northwestern seaboard of Luzon, mainly in the province of Pangasinan, northern Tarlac and southwestern La Union,[16] as well as Benguet, northwestern Nueva Ecija, northern Zambales and western Nueva Vizcaya. They primarily speak and use the Pangasinan language, which is spoken by more than 1.2 million people.
Sambal The Sambals are the inhabitants of the province of Zambales and the independent city of Olongapo. They are also found in the municipalities of Bolinao and Anda in Pangasinan. Sambals currently make up a large proportion of the population in the municipalities of Zambales province north of Iba. Their language, Sambal, is related to Kapampangan.
Subanon Subanon or Subanu (also called Subanen or Subanun) is a Subanon word meaning "from the river." The term is derived from the root soba or suba (meaning "river") and the suffix -nun or -non which indicates locality or place of origin. Subanon are also known in the Anglicized form as "Subanen". The Subanon people are the largest lumad group (non-Muslim or -Christian indigenous cultural community) on the island of Mindanao.[17] This ethnic group were the aborigines of western Mindanao particularly in Zamboanga Peninsula areas which are divided into different provinces such as Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Basilan, Misamis Occidental and extended to the province of Misamis Oriental. The Subanon people speak the Subanon language.
Tagalog The Tagalogs, the settlers of Manila and its surrounding areas, are one of the most widespread groups of people in the Philippines.[18][18][18][19] The Tagalog language was chosen as an official language of the Philippines in the 1930s. Today, Filipino, a de facto version of Tagalog, is taught throughout the archipelago.[20] As of the 2000 census[update], there were about 21.5 million speakers of Tagalog in the Philippines, 23.8 million worldwide.[18][21]
Visayan The Visayans are an ethnic group native to the whole Visayas, to the southernmost islands of Luzon and the northern and eastern coastal parts of Mindanao. They are speakers of one or more Visayan languages, the most widely spoken being Cebuano, Hiligaynon and Waray-Waray.[22] Other groups speak smaller languages such as Capiznon, Kinaray-a, Aklanon, Masbateño, Romblomanon, Surigaonon and Butuanon. They comprise the largest ethnic group in the country, numbering at around 33 million as of 2010.
See also: Visayan languages
Zamboangueño The Zamboangueño people are an ethno-linguistic group of Hispanic and Austronesian descent speaking Chavacano a Spanish-based creole and they number almost a million people. The Zamboangueño people (Chavacano/Spanish: Pueblo Zamboangueño) are a creole ethnic group of the Philippines and Malaysia originating in Zamboanga City (formerly, República de Zamboanga). Spanish censuses record that as much as one third of the inhabitants of the city of Zamboanga possess varying degrees of Spanish and Hispanoamerican admixture.[23] In addition to this, select cities such as Manila, Vigan, Bauang, Naga, Iriga, Iloílo, Bacólod, Cebú and Zamboanga, which were home to military fortifications or commercial ports during the Spanish era also hold sizable mestizo communities.[24] The Zamboangueño constitute an authentic and distinct ethnic identity because of their coherent cultural and historical heritage, most notably the Old Castilian-based Creole language "Chavacano" language, that distinguishes them from neighbouring ethnic groups.
Highland ethnolinguistic nations[edit]
There are more than 100 highland, lowland, and coastland tribal groups in the Philippines. These include:
Sortable table
Name(s)
Image
Description
Notes
Batak The Batak is a group of indigenous Filipino people that resides in the northeast portion of Palawan.
Bugkalot The Bugkalot are a 2,500-person tribe that lives in the southern Sierra Madre and Caraballo Mountains, on the east side of Luzon Island in the Philippines, primarily in the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Nueva Ecija.
Igorot The Igorots/Cordillerans (Apayao, Itneg, Kalinga, Bontoc, Ifugao, Ibaloi, Kangkana-ey and Kalanguya) live in the highlands of Luzon. They are primarily located in the Cordillera Administrative Region.[25]
Ilongots The Ilongot are a headhunting ethnolinguistic nation found in the Caraballo Mountains.
Kagayanen The Kagayanen are from the municipality of Cagayancillo, Palawan province. There are about 36,000 Kagayanen in the Philippines.
Lumad The Lumad of Mindanao includes several ethnolinguistic nations such as the Manobo, the Tasaday, the Mamanwa, the Mandaya, the B'laan and the Kalagan. They primarily inhabit the eastern parts of Mindanao such as the Caraga, and Davao Regions.
Mangyan The Mangyan communities are found in Mindoro. They are 13% in the population.
Molbog The Molbog (referred to in the literature as Molebugan or Molebuganon) are concentrated in Balabak island and are also found in other islands of the coast of Palawan as far north as Panakan. The word Malubog means "murky or turbid water". The Molbog are probably a migrant people from nearby North Borneo. Judging from their dialect and some socio-cultural practices, they seem to be related to the Orang Tidung or Tirum (Camucone in Spanish), an Islamized ethnolinguistic nation native to the lower east coast of Sabah and upper East Kalimantan.
However, some Sama words (of the Jama Mapun variant) and Tausug words are found in the Molbog dialect after a long period of exposure with those ethnics. This plus a few characteristics of their socio-cultural life style distinguish them from the Orang Tidung. Molbog livelihood includes subsistence farming, fishing and occasional barter trading with the Moros and neighbouring ethnolinguistic nations in Sabah. In the past, both the Molbog and the Palawanon Muslims were ruled by Sulu datus, thus forming the outer political periphery of the Sulu Sultanate. Intermarriage between Tausug and the Molbog hastened the Islamization of the Molbog. The offsprings of these intermarriages are known as kolibugan or "half-breed".
Negrito ethnolinguistic nations The Negrito are several ethnic groups of the Australoid race who inhabit isolated parts of Southeast Asia.[7] Their current populations include 12 Andamanese peoples of the Andaman Islands, six Semang peoples of Malaysia, the Mani of Thailand, and the Aeta/Agta and Ati, and 30 other peoples of the Philippines. Genetically, Negritos are the most distant human population from Africans at most loci studied thus far (except for MC1R, which codes for dark skin). The Negrito, Aeta, Batak, and Mamanwa live in remote areas throughout the islands.
Palawan ethnolinguistic nations The tribes of Palawan are a diverse group of tribes primarily located in the island of Palawan and its outlying islands. These ethnolinguistic nations are widely distributed to the long strip of mainland island literally traversing Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.
Palawan is home to many indigenous peoples whose origins date back thousands of centuries. Pre-historic discoveries reveal how abundant cultural life in Palawan survived before foreign occupiers and colonizers reached the Philippine archipelago. Today, Palawan is making its best to preserve and conserve the richness of its cultural groups. The provincial government strives to support the groups of indigenous peoples of Palawan.
Pala'wan The Pala'wan are a tribal people found in Southern Palawan particularly Quezon, Palawan.
Tagbanwa The Tagbanwas are found in the western and eastern coastal areas of central Palawan. Their name means "people of the world". They are concentrated in the municipalities of Aborlan, Quezon and the city of Puerto Princesa. Two other ethnic groups called "Tagbanwa" (i.e. the Central Tagbanwa and the Calamian Tagbanwa) are from a different family of languages and should not be confused the Tagnbanwas discussed here. These are found Coron Island, Northern Palawan, Busuanga Island and the Baras coast. The Central Tagbanwa language is dying out as the younger generations are learning Cuyonon and Tagalog.|
The Tagbanwas speak the Tagbanwa language and has several sub-dialects. They are able to comprehend Tagalog, and, depending on their proximity to neighboring ethnolinguistic nations, Batak, Cuyonen and Calamian languages. They usually dress like the non-tribal lowlanders. However, elder men prefer to wear G-string while tilling or fishing. Houses are built from available forest materials. Bamboo and wood are used for the house's frame anahaw leaves are used to create walls and the roof and bamboo slats are used as flooring. Their basic social unit is the nuclear family which is composed of a married couple and their children usually one girl and one boy.
Taww't Bato The Taaw't Batos' name means "people of the rock". They are not actually a separate language or ethnolinguistic nation, but rather a small community of traditional S.W. Palawanos who happen to reside in the crater of an extinct volcano during certain seasons of the year, in houses built on raised floors inside caves though others have set their homes on the open slopes. They are found in the Singnapan Basin, a valley bounded by Mount Mantalingajan on the east and the coast on the west. North of them is the municipality of Quezon, Palawan and to the South are the still unexplored regions of Palawan.
As of 1987, their population was about 198. Note that the common-seen spelling "Tau't Bato" or "Tau't Batu" is a misspelling based on the Tagalog word for "human" (tao). The Palawano word is "taaw." The men of the tribe wear G-strings while the women cover their lower bodies with bark or cloth that is made into a skirt. The upper half is left exposed although some now wear blouses that are bought from the market.
The people practice agriculture with cassava as the major source of carbohydrates. They also plant sweet potatoes, sugarcane, malunggay (Moringa oleifera), garlic, pepper, string beans, squash, tomatoes and pineapples. Others practice fishing, hunting and industrial arts. Their social organizations are based on family (kin ties), band (type of substinence activity) and settlement (geographic location).
Suludon The Tumandok people are an indigenous group who live in central Panay island. They are the largest indigenous people’s group in Panay, with a population As of 2011[update] of some 94,000. They are mostly slash-and-burn farmers with bisaya rice as the main crop, the Tumandok also engage in hunting, fishing, and foraging for fruits and root crops.[26]
Immigrants[edit]
The Philippines consists of a wide number of settlers that form part of the national population. They immigrated or descended from various countries, most notably Japan, Spain, Latin America, China, India, and the United States.
Sortable table
name
Descriptions
Notes
Spanish, Hispanic These are descendants of the Spanish and Hispanic settlers who settled in the Spanish East Indies (Philippines) during the Spanish Era. Most were of either Spanish ancestry or Amerindian-Spanish ancestry (The term 'Mestizo' originated in Latin America). The first groups of Hispanics sailed in 1565 with Miguel López de Legazpi from New Spain, in what is now Jalisco state, Mexico to colonize the Philippines.
Main articles: Spanish Filipino and Filipinos of Spanish descent
Indian Philippines has been part of Indianized kingdoms from the 7th century Srivijaya and earlier era. Indian culture, language, scripture, food, belief, arts, martial arts, epics have had profound impact on pre-Spanish Philippines which is still visible. They have contributed to the unique cultural blend in the Philippines. One source estimated the size of the Indian community in the Philippines in 2008 at 150,000 persons.[27] Most Indians in the Philippines belong to either Sindhi people or Punjabi people ethnic groups, and are largely businessmen and traders. A smaller population of Indians belonging to the Marathi ethnic group form part of the clergy of Roman Catholic dioceses in the country.[28][29]
Main articles: Indian Filipino and Filipinos of Indian descent
Chinese Most migrations of Chinese to the Philippines started even before the Spanish colonial period, when foreign trade with other countries were opened to the Philippines.[30][31][32] Ethnic Chinese sailed around the Philippine Islands from the 9th century onward and frequently interacted with the local Filipinos. Some datus, rajahs, and lakans (indigenous rulers) in the Philippines were themselves a product of the intermarriage between the Chinese merchant-settlers and the local Filipinos.[30][31][32]
Main article: Chinese Filipino
American Some of these multiracial individuals are descended from Americans who settled in the Philippines during the United States colonial period, and others from tourists who have settled in the Philippines in the contemporary period. As of 2011[update], the U.S, State Department estimated that there are an estimated four million Americans of Philippine ancestry in the United States, and more than 300,000 to 600,000 American citizens in the Philippines.[33]
Main article: Filipinos of American descent
Japanese Japanese residing in the Philippines including Filipinos of Japanese descent.[34] Japanese people have been settling in the Philippines for centuries, therefore there has been much cultural and genetic blending.[35] The Ryukyu Kingdom (Okinawa, etc...) also had heavy trade and mixing in the Philippines, particularly in Northern Luzon.
Main article: Filipinos of Japanese descent
Jewish Majority of the Jews in the Philippines are of the Sephardic branch of Judaism.[36] The official population is unknown.
Main article: Jews in the Philippines
Koreans Most of them are transient students and expatriates.[37] Most are tourists or students studying in the Philippines.[38]
Main article: Koreans in the Philippines
Arabs Their official population is unknown.[citation needed]
Main article: Filipinos of Arab descent
Indonesians Most are fishermen and laborers. Some are overseas students and expatriates
Main article: Indonesians in the Philippines
Other
Other ethnic groups and/or nationalities include various European ethnicities (i.e. Italian and Greek), Brazilian, Canadian, Australian, New Zealander, Pacific Islander, Eastern European, Malaysian, Thai, Vietnamese, and other ethnic groups from other countries.
See also[edit]
Demographics of the Philippines
List of rulers of the Philippines
Indigenous peoples of the Philippines
Philippine population by country of citizenship
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ One sample size calculator recommended by D. A. De Vaus (2002). Surveys in Social Research. Routledge. pp. 83. ISBN 978-0-415-26857-8. , shows that a 3.6% result from a sample size of 28 for a population of 95 million has a confidence interval of 6.9 (3.6%, plus or minus a margin of error of 3.45), with a 95% confidence level in that result. A sample size of over 9,500 would have been needed for a 95% confidence level that a percentage result characterizes a population of 95 million with a confidence interval of 1%. A sample size of 500 would have produced a confidence interval of 1.63.[5]
Jump up ^ Adelaar, K Alexander; Himmelmann, Nikolaus (eds.). The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-7007-1286-1. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Dr. Martin Richards. "Climate Change and Postglacial Human Dispersals in Southeast Asia". Oxford Journals. Retrieved 2010. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b Mark Donohue and Tim Denham. "Farming and Language in Island Southeast Asia". Current Anthropology. Chicago Journals. 51: 223–256. doi:10.1086/650991. Retrieved 2010. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "A predominantly Indigenous Paternal Heritage for the Austronesian-Speaking Peoples of Insular Southeast Asia and Oceania" (PDF). Stanford University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-02-14. Retrieved 2001. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ "Sample Size Calculator". Creative Research Systems.
Jump up ^ Jagor, Fëdor, et al. (1870). The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes
^ Jump up to: a b Snow, Philip. The Star Raft: China's Encounter With Africa. Cornell Univ. Press, 1989 (ISBN 0801495830)
Jump up ^ The Cultural Influences of India, China, Arabia, and Japan |Philippine Almanac Archived July 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Leupp, Gary P. (26 December 2016). "Interracial Intimacy in Japan: Western Men and Japanese Women, 1543-1900". A&C Black – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ "Bicolano, Central". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
^ Jump up to: a b CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art, Peoples of the Philippines, Ilocano
Jump up ^ "The Filipino Community in Hawaii". University of Hawaii, Center for Philippine studies. Archived from the original on 2007-08-09. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
Jump up ^ "Ilocano". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved 2007-07-10.
Jump up ^ CCP Encyclopedia or Philippine Art, Peoples of the Philippines, Kapampangan
Jump up ^ Joaquin & Taguiwalo 2004, p. 236.
Jump up ^ "The Provincial Profile of Pangasinan". www.geocities.com. Archived from the original on 2009-10-26.
Jump up ^ http://www.subanen.org/subanen%20History.pdf
^ Jump up to: a b c d CCP Encyclopedia or Philippine Art, Peoples of the Philippines, Tagalog
Jump up ^ Joaquin 1999.
Jump up ^ Rubrico, Jessie Grace (1998): The metamorphosis of Filipino as national language, languagelinks.org
Jump up ^ "Tagalog". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Retrieved 2010-11-24.
Jump up ^ Lifshey, A. (2012), The Magellan Fallacy: Globalization and the Emergence of Asian and African Literature in Spanish, Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press
Jump up ^ Jagor, Fëdor, et al. (1870). The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes
Jump up ^ Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco (2015). ""Self-identified East Asian nationalities correlated with genetic clustering, consistent with extensive endogamy. Individuals of mixed East Asian-European genetic ancestry were easily identified; we also observed a modest amount of European genetic ancestry in individuals self-identified as Spanish Filipinos"
Jump up ^ "IGOROT Ethnic Groups - sagada-igorot.com".
Jump up ^ "Tumandok epic: The Panay indigenous people's struggle for land". politika2013.wordpress.com. October 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ K. Kesavapany; A. Mani; Palanisamy Ramasamy (2008). Rising India and Indian Communities in East Asia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 502–503. ISBN 978-981-230-799-6.
Jump up ^ Mansigh, Lalit. "Chapter 20: Southeast Asia, Table: 20.1" (PDF). Ministry of External Affairs. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
Jump up ^ "Overseas Indian Population 2001". Little India. Archived from the original on 2006-10-20. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
^ Jump up to: a b Joaquin & Taguiwalo 2004, p. 42.
^ Jump up to: a b Benedict Anderson, ‘Cacique Democracy in the Philippines: Origins and Dreams’, New Left Review, 169 (May–June 1988)
^ Jump up to: a b Gavin Sanson Bagares, Philippine Daily Inquirer, A16 (January 28, 2006)
Jump up ^ "Background Note: Philippines". U.S. Department of State. June 2011.
Jump up ^ "A glimmer of hope for castoffs. NGO finding jobs for young, desperate Japanese-Filipinos". The Japan Times. 2006-10-11. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved 2009-10-18.
Jump up ^ Philippines History, Culture, Civilization and Technology, Filipino
Jump up ^ "Jewish Times Asia". www.jewishtimesasia.org. Retrieved 2015-10-03.
Jump up ^ "Koreans in the Philippines". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Republic of Korea. Archived from the original on 2011-08-13. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
Jump up ^ "Smart launches text service in Korean". goodnewspilipinas.com. Archived from the original on 2008-04-12. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
References[edit]
Ooi, Keat Jin (2004). A Historical Encyclopedia From Angkor Wat to East Timor, Vol.1. ABC-CLIO.
Joaquin, Nick; Taguiwalo, Beaulah Pedregosa (2004). Culture and history. Anvil Publishing. ISBN 978-971-27-1300-2.
Agoncillo, Teodoro (1990). History of the Filipino People. Garotech Publishing. ISBN 978-971-8711-06-4.
Joaquin, Nick (1999). Manila, my Manila. Bookmark. ISBN 978-971-569-313-4.
"World Factbook : Philippines". CIA. Archived from the original on January 11, 2010.
Kagayanen; by: Jehu P. Cayaon; https://web.archive.org/web/20110819055403/http://kagayanenmovement.webs.com/
External links[edit]
Philippines - Ethnic groups, thecorpusjuris.com, retrieved on 2008-04-06 (See Article XV, Section 3(3))
Who are the Kagayanens?, Indigenous People Movement
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Bigg Boss Tamil (Season 1)
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(Redirected from Bigg Boss Tamil 1)
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Bigg Boss Tamil
Season 1 (2017)
Name Entry Exit
Aarav Day 0
Bindu Day 35
Ganesh Day 0
Harish Day 53
Snehan Day 0
Suja Day 52
Day 78 Day 77
Vaiyapuri Day 0 Day 84
Kaajal Day 54 Day 70
Raiza Day 0 Day 63
Gayathri Day 0 Day 56
Shakthi Day 0 Day 49
Juliana Day 0 Day 42
Oviya Day 0 Day 41
Namitha Day 0 Day 28
Harathi Day 0 Day 21
Bharani Day 0 Day 14
Ganja Day 0 Day 14
Anuya Day 0 Day 7
Sri Day 0 Day 4
Legend
Evicted
Walked
Nominated
Ejected
House Captain
Finalist
House Captain Nominated
In Secret Room
The first season of the Tamil series Bigg Boss Tamil started broadcasting on 25 June 2017 on Star Vijay.[1] The first season of the show is hosted by Kamal Haasan.
The show is based on the Big Brother format developed by John de Mol. A number of contestants (known as "housemates") lived in a purpose-built house and were isolated from the rest of the world. Each week, housemates nominated two of their peers for eviction, and the housemates who received the most nominations would face a public vote. Of these, one would eventually leave, having been "evicted" from the House. However, there were exceptions to this process as dictated by Bigg Boss. In the final week, there will be four housemates remaining, and the public will vote for who they want to win. Unlike other versions of Big Brother, the Indian version uses celebrities as housemates, not members of the general public.[2]
For this season of Bigg Boss, a lavish house set has been constructed at EVP theme park, Chennai.[3] The show is currently aired at prime time all days, 9 pm on week days and 8.30 pm on weekends.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Housemates
1.1 Original Entrants
1.2 Wildcard Entrants
2 Guests
3 Weekly summary
4 Nominations table
4.1 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Housemates[edit]
The participants in the order of appearance and entered in house are:
Original Entrants[edit]
Sri, an actor best known for playing leading roles in Vazhakku Enn 18/9 (2012) and Maanagaram (2017).
Anuya Bhagvath, an actress best known for playing the lead role in Siva Manasula Sakthi (2009).
Vaiyapuri, an actor who has primarily appeared as a comedian in Tamil films.
Gayathri Raguram, a choreographer, director, actress and politician who has worked in Tamil films.
Bharani, an actor best known for playing a lead role in Naadodigal (2009).
Raiza Wilson, a model, former beauty pageant contestant and actress from Bangalore who has appeared in a supporting role in VIP 2 (2017).
Snehan, a lyricist and actor who has worked in Tamil films.
Oviya, an actress who has appeared in leading roles in films including Kalavani (2010), Marina (2012) and Kalakalappu (2012).
Harathi Ganesh, an actress who has primarily appeared as a comedienne in Tamil films.
Aarav, a model and actor who has starred in Saithan (2016).
Ganja Karuppu, an actor who has primarily appeared as a comedian in Tamil films.
Maria Juliana, a former nurse who gained media attention during the 2017 pro-jallikattu protests.
Ganesh Venkatraman, an actor and former model who has appeared in supporting roles in films including Abhiyum Naanum (2008), Unnaipol Oruvan (2009) and Thani Oruvan (2015).
Shakthi, an actor best known for playing leading roles in Thottal Poo Malarum (2007) and Shivalinga (2017).
Namitha, an actress who has appeared in leading roles in films including Aai (2005), Azhagiya Tamil Magan (2007) and Billa (2007).
Wildcard Entrants[edit]
Bindu Madhavi, an actress who has appeared in leading roles in films including Kazhugu (2012), Kedi Billa Killadi Ranga (2013) and Desingu Raja (2013).
Suja Varunee, an actress who has appeared in supporting roles in films including Milaga (2010) and Pencil (2016).
Harish Kalyan, an actor best known for playing leading roles in film including Sindhu Samaveli (2010) and Poriyaalan (2014).
Kaajal Pasupathi, an actress and former video jockey who has appeared in supporting roles in films including Ko (2011) and Mounaguru (2011).
Guests[edit]
Week(s)
Guest(s)
Notes
4 Tamil Thalaivas To promote their involvement in the 2017 Pro Kabaddi League season.[5]
7 A thief and a clown As part of a daily task in which they try to get the attention of the housemates.
8 A Hindu priest To play a prank with a particular housemate as a part of luxury budget task.
9 Someone who stole the eggs Punishment for the contestants because Raiza sleeps in the daytime.
A referee and two wrestlers (one male and other female) To wrestle with the housemates.
10 Harathi Ganesh and Maria Juliana They entered the house as guests for a week since they were ex-contestants.[6]
11 Harathi Ganesh and Maria Juliana Stay as house guests extended by another week.[7]
Shakthi Vasudevan Shakthi entered the house as a guest for a week since he is ex-contestant.[7]
Vaiyapuri's family, Bindu's friends and Harish's parents To surprise Vaiyapuri, Bindu and Harish respectively as part of the week's luxury budget task.[8]
Snehan's father and Ganesh's wife Nisha Krishnan To surprise Snehan and Ganesh respectively as part of the week's luxury budget task.[9]
Aarav's friend, brother & nephew and Suja's mother & sister To surprise Aarav and Suja respectively as part of the week's luxury budget task.[10]
Vishnu and Catherine Tresa To promote their movie Kathanayagan.[11]
12 Kamal Haasan Visited the house to announce the Golden Ticket Winner.[12]
Weekly summary[edit]
Week 1
Entrances
Sri Ram, Anuya Bhagvath, Vaiyapuri, Gayathri Raguram, Bharani, Raiza Wilson, Snehan, Oviya, Harathi Ganesh, Aarav, Ganja Karuppu, Maria Juliana, Ganesh Venkatraman, Shakthi Vasudevan and Namitha entered the Bigg Boss house on Day 0.
House Captain
Snehan
Nominations
Anuya, Juliana & Sri
Luxury Budget Tasks
Identifying childhood photos of fellow housemates
Exits
Sri left the house on Day 4 due to health problems.[13]
Anuya was evicted on Day 7.[14]
Week 2
House Captain
Gayathri
Nominations
Bharani, Ganja & Oviya
Luxury Budget Tasks
Meendum Palli ku Pogalam (Learning Tamil in school setting)
Exits
Ganja was evicted on Day 14.[15]
Bharani was ejected on Day 14 for trying to escape from the house.[16]
Week 3
House Captain
Ganesh
Nominations
Harathi, Juliana, Oviya & Vaiyapuri
Luxury Budget Tasks
Dance marathon (Dressing up as a Tamil film star and dancing to his film song which is played at random)
Exits
Harathi was evicted on Day 21.[17]
Week 4
House Captain
Shakthi
Nominations
Ganesh, Namitha & Oviya
Luxury Budget Tasks
Thiruda Thiruda (Who stole the diamond)
Exits
Namitha was evicted on Day 28.[18]
Week 5
House Captain
Snehan
Nominations
Aarav, Juliana, Oviya & Raiza
Luxury Budget Tasks
Ottam Mudinthal Attam Mudiyum (Cycling to access kitchen, bedroom and bathroom)
Exits
None.[19]
Week 6
Entrances
Bindu Madhavi entered the Bigg Boss house on Day 35.
House Captain
None
Nominations
Juliana, Oviya & Vaiyapuri
Luxury Budget Tasks
Bigg Boss Research Centre (Mental hospital tasks)
Exits
Oviya left the house on Day 41 due to mental stress.[20]
Juliana was evicted on Day 42.[21]
Week 7
House Captain
Raiza
Nominations
Aarav, Bindu, Ganesh, Gayathri, Shakthi, Snehan & Vaiyapuri
Luxury Budget Tasks
Bigg Boss Laundry Centre (Washing, sewing and ironing clothes from outside in the traditional manner)
Exits
Shakthi was evicted on Day 49.[22]
Week 8
Entrances
Suja Varunee, Harish Kalyan & Kaajal Pasupathi entered the Bigg Boss house on Days 52, 53 & 54 respectively.
House Captain
Bindu
Nominations
Gayathri & Raiza
Luxury Budget Tasks
Bigg Boss Veettil Pei Nadamattam (Secret task among housemates to select one housemate and make them believe the house is haunted by ghosts)
Exits
Gayathri was evicted on Day 56.[23]
Week 9
House Captain
Harish
Nominations
Raiza, Snehan & Vaiyapuri
Luxury Budget Tasks
Nominations Changer (Changing nomination for Week 10 eviction between housemates)
Exits
Raiza was evicted on Day 63.[24]
Week 10
House Captain
None
Nominations
Aarav, Kaajal & Snehan
Luxury Budget Tasks
NRI Kudumbam vs. Madurai Kudumbam (Housemates divided into 2 teams- NRI Kudumbam and Madurai Kudumbam-to perform the daily tasks. The winning team will be exempted from performing the tasks for the rest of the week)
Exits
Kaajal was evicted on Day 70.[7]
Week 11
House Captain
Vaiyapuri
Nominations
Bindu, Ganesh, Harish & Suja
Luxury Budget Tasks
Freeze and Release (Housemates must freeze in their positions when Bigg Boss says Freeze and should not move again until Bigg Boss says Release. If Freeze is broken, the housemates will be punished)
Exits
Suja was evicted on Day 77. Shortly after her eviction, she was moved to the Secret Room and stayed there for a day before returning to the house on Day 78.[25][26]
Week 12
Entrances
Suja Varunee re-entered the Bigg Boss house on Day 78 after spending a day in the Secret Room.
House Captain
Aarav
Nominations
Aarav, Harish, Snehan & Vaiyapuri
Luxury Budget Tasks
Bigg Boss Golden Ticket (The winner of a series of tasks for the week will receive the Golden Ticket which will give him/her immunity from eviction nomination for the rest of the show)
Exits
Vaiyapuri was evicted on Day 84.[12]
Week 13
House Captain
Snehan
Nominations
Aarav, Bindu, Ganesh, Harish & Suja
Luxury Budget Tasks
Exits
Week 14
House Captain
Nominations
Luxury Budget Tasks
Finalists
During the final week the public vote for who they wanted to win Bigg Boss. The finalists for the title were as following:
Snehan
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
Winner TBD
Runner-Up TBD
Third Place TBD
Fourth Place TBD
Fifth Place TBD
Nominations table[edit]
Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7
Week 8
Week 9
Week 10
Week 11
Week 12
Week 13
Week 14
House
Captain
Snehan Gayathri Ganesh Shakthi Snehan No
Captain Raiza Bindu Harish No
Captain Vaiyapuri Aarav Snehan
Captain's Nomination
Juliana
Sri Bharani
Ganja Oviya
Harathi Vaiyapuri
Namitha Juliana
Oviya Shakthi
Gayathri Gayathri
Aarav Raiza
Bindu Suja
Harish Snehan
Harish No
Nominations
Vote to:
Evict
Win
Aarav
Anuya
Raiza Bharani
Ganja Harathi
Juliana Ganesh
Namitha Juliana
Gayathri Shakthi
Oviya Ganesh
Vaiyapuri Gayathri
Raiza Snehan
Bindu Suja
Vaiyapuri Suja
Ganesh House
Captain No
Nominations
Bindu
Not in
House Juliana
Gayathri Shakthi
Ganesh House
Captain Raiza
Snehan Kaajal
Aarav Suja
Harish Vaiyapuri
Snehan No
Nominations
Ganesh
Ganja
Sri Bharani
Ganja House
Captain Oviya
Namitha Oviya
Juliana Oviya
Juliana Vaiyapuri
Raiza Gayathri
Raiza Raiza
Vaiyapuri Aarav
Kaajal Harish
Suja Vaiyapuri
Bindu No
Nominations
Harish
Not in
House Exempt House
Captain Kaajal
Aarav Ganesh
Bindu Vaiyapuri
Aarav No
Nominations
Snehan
House
Captain Bharani
Oviya Oviya
Vaiyapuri Vaiyapuri
Oviya House
Captain Juliana
Oviya Ganesh
Vaiyapuri Ganesh
Aarav Raiza
Ganesh Aarav
Kaajal Aarav
Ganesh Aarav
Harish House
Captain Finalist
Suja
Not in
House Exempt Vaiyapuri
Raiza Aarav
Kaajal Bindu
Snehan Aarav
Snehan No
Nominations
Vaiyapuri
Sri
Anuya Bharani
Namitha Namitha
Oviya Ganesh
Namitha Gayathri
Juliana Juliana
Raiza Shakthi
Ganesh Gayathri
Raiza Raiza
Ganesh Kaajal
Suja House
Captain Harish
Bindu Evicted
(Day 84)
Kaajal
Not in
House Exempt Vaiyapuri
Snehan Vaiyapuri
Bindu Evicted
(Day 70)
Raiza
Gayathri
Juliana Juliana
Oviya Juliana
Oviya Oviya
Juliana Juliana
Oviya Oviya
Ganesh House
Captain Vaiyapuri
Gayathri Vaiyapuri
Snehan Evicted
(Day 63)
Gayathri
Raiza
Juliana House
Captain Oviya
Juliana Ganesh
Oviya Oviya
Aarav Oviya
Aarav Vaiyapuri
Ganesh Raiza
Vaiyapuri Evicted
(Day 56)
Shakthi
Sri
Ganja Raiza
Bharani Harathi
Oviya House
Captain Oviya
Aarav Oviya
Juliana Ganesh
Snehan Evicted
(Day 49) Snehan
Ganesh Evicted
(Day 49)
Juliana
Anuya
Raiza Bharani
Ganja Harathi
Vaiyapuri Oviya
Namitha Aarav
Ganesh Oviya
Ganesh Evicted
(Day 42) Guest Snehan
Aarav Evicted
(Day 42)
Oviya
Ganja
Sri Ganja
Raiza Gayathri
Raiza Ganesh
Namitha Juliana
Ganesh Aarav
Raiza Walked
(Day 41)
Namitha
Sri
Anuya Bharani
Oviya Vaiyapuri
Juliana Ganesh
Oviya Evicted
(Day 28)
Harathi
Juliana
Sri Ganesh
Aarav Shakthi
Juliana Evicted
(Day 21) Guest Snehan
Suja Evicted
(Day 21)
Bharani
Sri
Raiza Ganja
Namitha Ejected
(Day 14)
Ganja
Sri
Anuya Bharani
Oviya Evicted
(Day 14)
Anuya
Harathi
Juliana Evicted
(Day 7)
Sri
Gayathri
Shakthi Walked
(Day 4)
Note
1 2 3, 4 5, 6, 7, 9 8, 10, 11, 12 13 14 7, 15 16, 17, 18 19, 20 21
Nominated
Anuya
Juilana
Sri Bharani
Ganja
Oviya Harathi
Juliana
Oviya
Vaiyapuri Ganesh
Namitha
Oviya Aarav
Juliana
Oviya
Raiza Juliana
Oviya
Vaiyapuri Aarav
Bindu
Ganesh
Gayathri
Shakthi
Snehan
Vaiyapuri Gayathri
Raiza Raiza
Snehan
Vaiyapuri Aarav
Kaajal
Snehan Bindu
Ganesh
Harish
Suja Aarav
Harish
Snehan
Vaiyapuri Aarav
Bindu
Ganesh
Harish
Suja NA
Walked
Sri none Oviya none
Ejected
none Bharani none
Evicted
Anuya Ganja Harathi Namitha No
Eviction Juliana Shakthi Gayathri Raiza Kaajal Suja Vaiyapuri
Notes[edit]
indicates the House Captain.
indicates that the housemate was directly nominated for eviction prior to the regular nominations process.
indicates that the housemate was granted immunity from nominations.
indicates that an evicted housemate returned temporarily to the house as a guest.
indicates that the housemate moved to the Secret Room.
^Note 1 : Sri left the show because of his health conditions.[27]
^Note 2 : Bharani was ejected from the show for trying to escape from the Bigg Boss House. [16]
^Note 3 : Raiza was automatically nominated for eviction for Week 5 during Week 4 as punishment for talking about the eviction nominees despite being forbidden to do so.[28]
^Note 4 : There was no eviction during Week 5, however the housemates still nominated their fellow housemates for eviction without knowing that there would be no eviction.[19]
^Note 5 : Snehan was saved from eviction while Vaiyapuri was nominated for eviction for Week 6 during Week 5 by Aarav and Gayathri, who both had the power to save and nominate one housemate each for eviction in their role of Junior Bigg Boss for a day.[29]
^Note 6 : As the new housemate, Bindu Madhavi was granted immunity from nomination for Week 6.
^Note 7 : There was no House Captain for Weeks 6 & 10.
^Note 8 : After ending up on the losing side in a daily task during Week 6, housemates in the winning team nominated Aarav for eviction for Week 7.[30]
^Note 9 : Oviya left the show because of mental stress arising due to tension in relationships with Aarav and the other housemates.[20]
^Note 10 : All the housemates except Raiza (and Aarav who was already nominated) were nominated for eviction for Week 7 as they did not provide valid reasons while nominating a housemate for eviction, as a result of which Raiza became the House Captain for Week 7 by default.[31]
^Note 11 : Vaiyapuri was chosen to be saved from the Week 7 eviction by the other housemates.[32]
^Note 12 : Gayathri was saved from Week 7 eviction after winning a task in which housemates had to answer five questions about the Bigg Boss house.[33]
^Note 13 : As the new housemates, Suja, Harish & Kajal were granted immunity from nominations for Weeks 8 and 9.
^Note 14 : After winning a daily task during Week 8, Aarav was granted immunity from nomination for Week 9.[34]
^Note 15 : Snehan was nominated for Week 10 eviction during Week 9 at the end of the luxury budget task wherein the nomination for Week 10 eviction changed between the housemates.[35]
^Note 16 : Although Harathi, Juliana and Shakthi were guests in the Bigg Boss house and ex-contestants, they were allowed to nominate the other housemates for eviction.
^Note 17 : Though Snehan received sufficent number of votes to be nominated for Week 11 eviction, he was saved from nomination by Ganesh with the help of the joker card he received as a prize for winning a daily task during Week 8. After being saved, Snehan nominated Bindu as his replacement for Week 11 eviction.[36]
^Note 18 : Suja was evicted by the regular eviction process, however in accordance with the Secret Room twist, she was moved to a temporary abode and stayed there for a day before returning to the house on Day 78. Following her return, she was also exempted from nomination for the Week 12 eviction, though she could nominate the other housemates.[25][26]
^Note 19 : Even though Aarav was the House Captain for Week 12, he was still eligible to be nominated for Week 12 eviction.[26]
^Note 20 : As Snehan won the Golden Ticket during Week 12, he was granted immunity till the final week.[12]
^Note 21 : Since Snehan was already a finalist, he was made House Captain for Week 13 by default while the rest of the housemates were automatically nominated for eviction.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Bigg Boss Tamil - Revealed: The real contestants of Bigg Boss Tamil". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 2017-06-26. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
Jump up ^ Vikram Venkateswaran Updated: 28 June, 2017 3:48 PM IST (2017-06-28). "Bigg Boss Tamil: Kamal Haasan and a World of Voyeurs". The Quint. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Bigg Boss teaser: Like Salman Khan, Kamal Haasan promises an honest reality show. Watch video". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
Jump up ^ "Kamal Haasan’s Big Boss gets a house worth Rs 1 Crore". The Indian Express. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil - 20 July 2017, Episode 26: On day 25, drama intensifies as Julie falls sick
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil- 28 August 2017, Episode 65 Update: On day 64,Julie and Harathi re-enter the house
^ Jump up to: a b c Bigg Boss Tamil Week 10 update: Kajal evicted; 'Trigger' Sakthi makes surprise re-entry
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil – 7th September 2017, Episode 74 Update: On Day 73, Friends and families visit housemates
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil – 7th September 2017, Episode 75 Update: On Day 74, Snehan’s father and Ganesh’s wife visit the house
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil – 8th September 2017, Episode 76 Update: On Day 75, Bindu loses her chocolates!
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil – 9th September 2017, Episode 77 Update: On Day 76, Vishnu and Catherine visit Bigg Boss house
^ Jump up to: a b c Bigg Boss Tamil – 17th September 2017, Episode 85 Update: On Day 84, Snehan wins ticket to finale, Vaiyapuri eliminated!
Jump up ^ "Bigg Boss Tamil episode 5: Snehan, Oviya engage in verbal duel, Shree leaves the show". The Indian Express. 2017-06-30. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
Jump up ^ "Bigg Boss Tamil episode episode 8: Anuya gets evicted, Kamal Haasan asks contestants to keep it real". The Indian Express. 2017-07-03. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil: Ganja Karuppu evicted, Oviya professes love for Aarar, Harathi Ganesh is afraid of Juliana
^ Jump up to: a b Bigg Boss Tamil week 3 update: Demoralised Bharani ousted from show; Julie vows to trounce Harathi
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil: Harathi Ganesh eliminated from Kamal Hassan's show
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil: Namitha eliminated from Kamal Haasan's show
^ Jump up to: a b Bigg Boss Tamil Week 5: Gayathri and Oviya settle differences; Snehan elected leader again
^ Jump up to: a b Bigg Boss Tamil: Tamil Nadu’s darling Oviya walks out of the show, leaves her Army heartbroken
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil: After Oviya, THIS contestant leaves Kamal Haasan Show
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil: Shakti evicted and much like Oviya, Vaiyapuri too wants to quit
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil Week 8: Gayathri evicted; Harish Kalyan and Kaajal Pasupathi make wild card entry
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil Day 63: Raiza Evicted and Kamal Haasan invites ex-contestants to show
^ Jump up to: a b Bigg Boss Tamil – 10th September 2017, Episode 78 Update: On Day 77, Suja is kept in a secret room!
^ Jump up to: a b c Bigg Boss Tamil – 11th September 2017, Episode 79 Update: On Day 78, Housemates fight for ticket to finale!
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil episode 7 summary: Kamal Haasan discusses about the week gone by with Snehan, Juliana, Ganja Karupu and Bharani
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil week 4: Oviya's popularity grows, Namitha battles elimination
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil - 27th July 2017, Episode 33 Update: On Day 32, Bigg Boss selects Junior Bigg Boss
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil Day 40: Oviya Asked to Pack Bags in Episode 41
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil - 7th August 2017, Episode 44 Update: On Day 43, Except Raiza, everyone gets nominated!
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil - 10th August 2017, Episode 47 Update: On Day 46, rift between Gayathri and Raiza!
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil - 11th August 2017, Episode 48 Update: On Day 47, Gayathri saved from elimination!
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil Episode 54: Inmates Get Busy With a New Task
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil - 24 August 2017, Episode 61 Update: On Day 60, tasks get exciting!
Jump up ^ Bigg Boss Tamil: Ganesh, Suja, Harish, Bindu - THIS contestant to get ELIMINATED tonight from Kamal Haasan's show
External links[edit]
official website at Hotstar
Bigg Boss Vote at TamilGlitz
Telugu Bigg Boss Voting at TamilGlitz
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