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Fresh water
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"Freshwater" redirects here. For other uses, see Freshwater (disambiguation).
Earth seen from Apollo 17—the Antarctic ice sheet at the bottom of the photograph contains 61% of the fresh water, or 1.7% of the total water, on Earth.
Fresh water is naturally occurring water on Earth's surface in ice sheets, ice caps, glaciers, icebergs, bogs, ponds, lakes, rivers and streams, and underground as groundwater in aquifers and underground streams. Fresh water is generally characterized by having low concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids. The term specifically excludes seawater and brackish water although it does include mineral-rich waters such as chalybeate springs. The term "sweet water" (from Spanish "agua dulce") has been used to describe fresh water in contrast to salt water. The term "fresh water" does not have the same meaning as potable water. Much of the surface fresh water and ground water is unsuitable for drinking without some form of purification because of the presence of chemical or biological contaminants.
Contents
[hide]
1 Systems
2 Sources
3 Water distribution
4 Numerical definition
5 Aquatic organisms
6 Fresh water as a resource
6.1 Agriculture
6.2 Limited resource
6.3 Fresh water withdrawal
6.4 Causes of limited fresh water
6.5 Fresh water in the future
6.6 Choices in the use of fresh water
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Systems[edit]
Rivers, lakes, and marshlands, such as (from top) South America's Amazon River, Russia's Lake Baikal, and the Everglades in the United States, are types of freshwater systems.
Fresh water habitats are divided into lentic systems, which are the stillwaters including ponds, lakes, swamps and mires; lotic, or running-water systems; and groundwater which flows in rocks and aquifers. There is, in addition, a zone which bridges between groundwater and lotic systems, which is the hyporheic zone, which underlies many larger rivers and can contain substantially more water than is seen in the open channel. It may also be in direct contact with the underlying underground water. The majority of fresh water on Earth is in ice caps.
Sources[edit]
The source of almost all fresh water is precipitation from the atmosphere, in the form of mist, rain and snow. Fresh water falling as mist, rain or snow contains materials dissolved from the atmosphere and material from the sea and land over which the rain bearing clouds have traveled. In industrialized areas rain is typically acidic because of dissolved oxides of sulfur and nitrogen formed from burning of fossil fuels in cars, factories, trains and aircraft and from the atmospheric emissions of industry. In some cases this acid rain results in pollution of lakes and rivers.
In coastal areas fresh water may contain significant concentrations of salts derived from the sea if windy conditions have lifted drops of seawater into the rain-bearing clouds. This can give rise to elevated concentrations of sodium, chloride, magnesium and sulfate as well as many other compounds in smaller concentrations.
In desert areas, or areas with impoverished or dusty soils, rain-bearing winds can pick up sand and dust and this can be deposited elsewhere in precipitation and causing the freshwater flow to be measurably contaminated both by insoluble solids but also by the soluble components of those soils. Significant quantities of iron may be transported in this way including the well-documented transfer of iron-rich rainfall falling in Brazil derived from sand-storms in the Sahara in north Africa.
Water distribution[edit]
Main article: Water distribution on Earth
Visualisation of the distribution (by volume) of water on Earth. Each tiny cube (such as the one representing biological water) corresponds to approximately 1000 cubic km of water, with a mass of approximately 1 trillion tonnes (200000 times that of the Great Pyramid of Giza or 5 times that of Lake Kariba, arguably the heaviest man-made object). The entire block comprises 1 million tiny cubes.[1]
Water is a critical issue for the survival of all living organisms. Some can use salt water but many organisms including the great majority of higher plants and most mammals must have access to fresh water to live. Some terrestrial mammals, especially desert rodents appear to survive without drinking but they do generate water through the metabolism of cereal seeds and they also have mechanisms to conserve water to the maximum degree.
Out of all the water on Earth, saline water in oceans, seas and saline groundwater make up about 97% of it. Only 2.5–2.75% is fresh water, including 1.75–2% frozen in glaciers, ice and snow, 0.5–0.75% as fresh groundwater and soil moisture, and less than 0.01% of it as surface water in lakes, swamps and rivers.[2][3] Freshwater lakes contain about 87% of this fresh surface water, including 29% in the African Great Lakes, 22% in Lake Baikal in Russia, 21% in the North American Great Lakes, and 14% in other lakes. Swamps have most of the balance with only a small amount in rivers, most notably the Amazon River. The atmosphere contains 0.04% water.[4] In areas with no fresh water on the ground surface, fresh water derived from precipitation may, because of its lower density, overlie saline ground water in lenses or layers. Most of the world's fresh water is frozen in ice sheets. Many areas suffer from lack of distribution of fresh water, such as deserts.
Numerical definition[edit]
Fresh water can be defined as water with less than 500 parts per million (ppm) of dissolved salts.[5]
Part of a series on
Water salinity
Salinity levels
Fresh water (< 0.05%)
Brackish water (0.05–3%)
Saline water (3–5%)
Brine (> 5%)
Bodies of water
Seawater • Salt lake • Hypersaline lake • Salt pan • Brine pool • Bodies by salinity
v
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Other sources give higher upper salinity limits for fresh water, e.g. 1000 ppm[6] or 3000 ppm.[7]
Aquatic organisms[edit]
Fresh water creates a hypotonic environment for aquatic organisms. This is problematic for some organisms with pervious skins or with gill membranes, whose cell membranes may burst if excess water is not excreted. Some protists accomplish this using contractile vacuoles, while freshwater fish excrete excess water via the kidney.[8] Although most aquatic organisms have a limited ability to regulate their osmotic balance and therefore can only live within a narrow range of salinity, diadromous fish have the ability to migrate between fresh water and saline water bodies. During these migrations they undergo changes to adapt to the surroundings of the changed salinities; these processes are hormonally controlled. The eel (Anguilla anguilla) uses the hormone prolactin,[9] while in salmon (Salmo salar) the hormone cortisol plays a key role during this process.[10]
Many sea birds have special glands at the base of the bill through which excess salt is excreted. Similarly the marine iguanas on the Galápagos Islands excrete excess salt through a nasal gland and they sneeze out a very salty excretion.
Fresh water as a resource[edit]
Water fountain found in a small Swiss village. They are used as a drinking water source for people and cattle. Almost every Alpine village has such a water source.
An important concern for hydrological ecosystems is securing minimum streamflow, especially preserving and restoring instream water allocations.[11] Fresh water is an important natural resource necessary for the survival of all ecosystems. The use of water by humans for activities such as irrigation and industrial applications can have adverse impacts on down-stream ecosystems. Chemical contamination of fresh water can also seriously damage eco-systems.
Pollution from human activity, including oil spills and also presents a problem for freshwater resources. The largest petroleum spill that has ever occurred in fresh water was caused by a Royal Dutch Shell tank ship in Magdalena, Argentina, on 15 January 1999, polluting the environment, drinkable water, plants and animals.[12]
Fresh and unpolluted water accounts for 0.003% of total water available globally.[13]
Agriculture[edit]
Changing landscape for the use of agriculture has a great effect on the flow of fresh water. Changes in landscape by the removal of trees and soils changes the flow of fresh water in the local environment and also affects the cycle of fresh water. As a result, more fresh water is stored in the soil which benefits agriculture. However, since agriculture is the human activity that consumes the most fresh water,[14] this can put a severe strain on local freshwater resources resulting in the destruction of local ecosystems. In Australia, over-abstraction of fresh water for intensive irrigation activities has caused 33% of the land area to be at risk of salination.[14] With regards to agriculture, the World Bank targets food production and water management as an increasingly global issue that will foster debate.[15]
Limited resource[edit]
Fresh water is a renewable and variable, but finite natural resource. Fresh water can only be replenished through the process of the water cycle, in which water from seas, lakes, forests, land, rivers, and reservoirs evaporates, forms clouds, and returns as precipitation. Locally however, if more fresh water is consumed through human activities than is naturally restored, this may result in reduced fresh water availability from surface and underground sources and can cause serious damage to surrounding and associated environments.
Fresh water withdrawal[edit]
Fresh water withdrawal is the quantity of water removed from available sources for use in any purpose, excluding evaporation losses. Water drawn off is not necessarily entirely consumed and some portion may be returned for further use downstream.
Causes of limited fresh water[edit]
The increase in the world population and the increase in per capita water use puts increasing strains on the finite resources avialability of clean fresh water The World Bank adds that the response by freshwater ecosystems to a changing climate can be described in terms of three interrelated components: water quality, water quantity or volume, and water timing. A change in one often leads to shifts in the others as well.[16] Water pollution and subsequent eutrophication also reduces the availability of fresh water.[17]
Fresh water in the future[edit]
Many areas of the world are already experiencing stress on water availability. Due to the accelerated pace of population growth and an increase in the amount of water a single person uses, it is expected that this situation will continue to get worse. A shortage of water in the future would be detrimental to the human population as it would affect everything from sanitation, to overall health and the production of grain.[18]
Choices in the use of fresh water[edit]
With one in eight people in the world not having access to safe water[19] it is important to use this resource in a prudent manner. Making the best use of water on a local basis probably provides the best solution. Local communities need to plan their use of fresh water and should be made aware of how certain crops and animals use water.
As a guide the following tables provide some indicators.
Table 1 Recommended basic water requirements for human needs (per person) [20]
Activity
Minimum, litres / day
Range / day
Drinking Water 5 2–5
Sanitation Services 20 20–75
Bathing 15 5–70
Cooking and Kitchen 10 10–50
Table 2. Water Requirements of different classes of livestock [21]
Animal
Average / day
Range / day
Dairy cow 76 L (20 US gal) 57 to 95 L (15 to 25 US gal)
Cow-calf pair 57 L (15 US gal) 8 to 76 L (2 to 20 US gal)
Yearling cattle 38 L (10 US gal) 23 to 53 L (6 to 14 US gal)
Horse 38 L (10 US gal) 30 to 53 L (8 to 14 US gal)
Sheep 8 L (2 US gal) 8 to 11 L (2 to 3 US gal)
Table 3 Approximate values of seasonal crop water needs [22]
Crop
Crop water needs mm / total growing period
Banana 1200–2200
Barley/Oats/Wheat 450–650
Cabbage 350–500
Citrus 900–1200
Onions 350–550
Pea 350–500
Potato 500–700
Sugar Cane 1500–2500
Tomato 400–800
See also[edit]
African Great Lakes
Aral Sea
Desalination
Drinking water
Drought
Freshwater ecology
Great Lakes
Lake Baikal
Lake
Limnology
List of countries by freshwater withdrawal
List of countries by total renewable water resources
Properties of water
River
Seawater
Water crisis
Water cycle
Water resources
Water well
References[edit]
Jump up ^ USGS – Earth's water distribution Archived 29 June 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. Ga.water.usgs.gov (11 December 2012). Retrieved on 29 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Where is Earth's water? Archived 14 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine., United States Geological Survey.
Jump up ^ Physicalgeography.net Archived 26 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Physicalgeography.net. Retrieved on 29 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Gleick, Peter; et al. (1996). Stephen H. Schneider, ed. Encyclopedia of Climate and Weather. Oxford University Press.
Jump up ^ "Groundwater Glossary". 27 March 2006. Archived from the original on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
Jump up ^ "Freshwater". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. June 2000. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "Freshwater". Fishkeeping glossary. Practical Fishkeeping. Archived from the original on 11 May 2006. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
Jump up ^ "Vertebrate Kidneys". 3 November 2002. Archived from the original on 29 April 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2006.
Jump up ^ Kalujnaia, S.; et. al. (2007). "Salinity adaptation and gene profiling analysis in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) using microarray technology". Gen Comp Endocrinol. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 152 (2007): 274–80. PMID 17324422. doi:10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.12.025.
Jump up ^ Bisal, G.A.; Specker, J.L. (24 January 2006). "Cortisol stimulates hypo-osmoregulatory ability in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L". Journal of Fish biology. Wiley. 39 (3): 421–432. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb04373.x.
Jump up ^ Peter Gleick; Heather Cooley; David Katz (2006). The world's water, 2006–2007: the biennial report on freshwater resources. Island Press. pp. 29–31. ISBN 1-59726-106-8. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Petroleomagdalena.com Archived 14 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine.. Petroleomagdalena.com (15 January 1999). Retrieved on 29 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Nitti, Gianfranco (May 2011). "Water is not an infinite resource and the world is thirsty". The Italian Insider. Rome. p. 8.
^ Jump up to: a b Gordon L., D. M. (2003). "Land cover change and water vapour flows: learning from Australia". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 358 (1440): 1973–1984. JSTOR 3558315. PMC 1693281  . PMID 14728792. doi:10.1098/rstb.2003.1381.
Jump up ^ Reengaging in Agricultural Water Management: Challenges and Options, The World Bank, pp. 4–5, archived from the original on 5 January 2012, retrieved 30 October 2011
Jump up ^ The World Bank, 2009 "Water and Climate Change: Understanding the Risks and Making Climate-Smart Investment Decisions". pp. 19–22. Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Nutrients in fresh water"
Jump up ^ "Fresh Water in the Future" Archived 30 December 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Un.org (17 December 2010). Retrieved on 29 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Water Aid. "Water". Retrieved 17 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Gleick, Peter. "Basic Water Requirements for Human Activities" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Filley, S. "How much does a cow need ?" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 May 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Natural Resource Management and Environmental Dept. "Crops Need Water". Archived from the original on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012.
Further reading[edit]
Jackson, Robert B.; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Dahm, Clifford N.; McKnight, Diane M.; Naiman, Robert J.; Postel, Sandra L.; Running, Steven W. (2001). "Water in a changing world". Ecological Applications. 11 (4): 1027–1045. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[1027:wiacw]2.0.co;2.
Moustakas, A.; Karakassis, I. "How diverse is aquatic biodiversity research?". Aquatic Ecology. 39: 367–375. doi:10.1007/s10452-005-6041-y.
Richter, Brian D.; Mathews, Ruth; Harrison, David L.; Wigington, Robert (2003). "Ecologically sustainable water management: managing river flows for ecological integrity". Ecological Applications. 13 (1): 206–224. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0206:eswmmr]2.0.co;2.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Freshwater.
The World Bank's work and publications on water resources
World Bank report on Agricultural water management
FBA.org.uk, Freshwater Biological Association
Review of freshwater ecology in the UK
Environment-agency.gov.uk UK Environment Agency website
Pondconservation.org.uk
UK National pond monitoring network
U.S. Geological Survey
Fresh Water National Geographic
Safe and Sustainable Water for Haiti web site hosted by Grand Valley State University
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Model year
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the production date of a product. For the use in computer modeling, see model year (computer modeling).
The model year (MY) of a product is a number used worldwide, but with a high level of prominence in North America, to describe approximately when a product was produced, and it usually indicates the coinciding base specification (design revision number) of that product.
The model year and the actual calendar year of production rarely coincide. For example, a 2015 model year automobile is available during most of the 2015 calendar year, but is usually also available from the third quarter of 2014 because production of the 2015 model began in July or August 2014. When a new model is introduced there may be an additional delay to retool and retrain for production of the new model.[citation needed]
The variables of build date and design revision number are semi-independent. There is no natural law that forces one to be strictly correlated to the other, other than that:
future design revisions cannot have been built in the past, and
most products, in most contexts, tend to be built to the design revision that was the latest one at the time of building.
Contents
[hide]
1 Automobiles
1.1 Europe
1.2 United States
2 Other products
3 See also
4 Notes
Automobiles[edit]
Alfred P. Sloan extended the idea of yearly fashion-change from clothing to automobiles in the 1920s. His company, General Motors, was the first to introduce planned obsolescence (in cars) by means of making the production date, and thus the car's newness or lack of it, visually discernible.[citation needed]
European and Japanese automakers can utilise the term "model year" in respect of model availability dates in North American markets: these often receive updated models significantly later than domestic markets, especially in the event of unforeseen slow sales causing an inventory build-up of earlier versions.
The practice of identifying revisions of automobiles by their model year is strongest in Canada and the United States.[citation needed] Typically, complete vehicle redesigns of long-standing models occur in cycles of at least five years, with one or two facelifts during the model cycle, and manufacturers introduce such redesigns at various times throughout a calendar year.
Introductions of new models are often phased in around the world, meaning that a 2004 model of a particular vehicle may actually refer to two entirely different vehicles in different countries. Therefore, the more common practice for enthusiasts and motoring writers in other countries is to identify major revisions using the manufacturer's identifier for each revision.
For instance, aficionados will classify the Holden Commodore (a popular Australian car) according to the following series: VB (introduced in 1978), VC (1980), VH (1981), VK (1984), VL (1986), VN (1988), VP (1991), VR (1993), VS (1995), VT (1997), VX (2000), VY (2002), VZ (2004), VE (2006) and VF (2013). This is done for the simple reason of making the cars more easily distinguished.
Further information: Vehicle Identification Number § Model year encoding
Europe[edit]
In the automotive industry the model year is absolutely defined only by the manufacturer, and not by any local vehicle registration practices or marketing opinions.
Industry practice varies between markets according both to the level of exports to North America, and to the extent to which US-owned subsidiaries dominate the domestic automarket.[citation needed] In the 1960s and 1970s, many new models were traditionally introduced at the London or Paris motor shows during October, and manufacturers owned by US corporations as well as domestically controlled UK auto-makers tended to follow US auto-industry conventions in respect of model years. The concept was never so universally applied in Europe as in North America, however, and since the 1980s, the more commercially critical European Motor Shows have been the March Geneva Motor Show and the September Frankfurt Motor Show or Paris Motor Show. New models have increasingly been launched in June or July even in the UK, where the two remaining US-owned subsidiaries no longer design and build distinctively British Ford and Vauxhall models. All this has left the US-style model-year concept increasingly absent from the European domestic automarkets.
An automotive model year is categorically defined by the 10th digit of the vehicle identification number (VIN), and simply indicates any manufacturer-specified evolution in mid-cycle of a model range - such as revised paint options, trim options or any other minor specification change. The 10th VIN digit does not relate to the calendar year which the car is built, although the two may coincide. For example, a vehicle produced between July 2006 and June 2007 may have a 7 as the 10th digit of the VIN, and another vehicle produced between July 2007 and June 2008 may have an 8 in the 10th digit - with the change-over date varying depending on manufacturer, model and year.
United States[edit]
In the United States, automobile model-year sales traditionally begin with the fourth quarter of the preceding year. So model year refers to the sales model year; for example, vehicles sold during the period from October 1 to September 30 of the following year belong to a single model year.[citation needed] In addition, the launch of the new model-year has long been coordinated to the launch of the traditional new television season (as defined by A.C. Nielsen) in late September, because of the heavy dependence between television to offer products from automakers to advertise, and the car companies to launch their new models at a high-profile time of year.[1]
In other cases, products of a previous model year can continue production, especially if a newer model hasn't yet been released. In that case, the model year remains the same until a new model is introduced. This is to ensure that the model will be seen by the public, and will actually sell a number of vehicles before a new vehicle-model is produced, and people will look at the newer model rather than the previous one.
In the United States, for regulation purposes, government authorities allow cars of a given model year to be sold starting on January 1 of the previous calendar year. For example, this means that a 2019 model year vehicle can legally go on sale on January 1, 2018.[2] This has resulted in a few cars in the following model year being introduced in advertisements during the NFL's Super Bowl in February.
Other products[edit]
In addition to automobiles and bicycles, some other products that often have model years include:
Airplanes
All-terrain vehicles
Golf carts
Heavy equipment
Mobile homes
Motorcycles
Recreational vehicles
Semi-trailer trucks
Snowmobiles
Tractors
Trailers
Watercraft
See also[edit]
Car model
Emission standard
United States Code
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Carter, Bill (September 23, 2008). "A Television Season That Lasts All Year". The New York Times. Retrieved April 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ For legal purposes, various definitions for "model year" are given in US federal laws, including 42 USC 7521(b)(3)(A), 26 USC 4064(b)(4), and 49 USC 32901(a)(15)
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Going Up the Country
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Going Up the Country"
Single by Canned Heat
from the album Living the Blues
B-side
"One Kind Favor"
Released
November 22, 1968 (1968-11-22)
Format
7-inch 45 rpm record
Recorded
August 6–7, 1968
Studio
I.D. Sound Recorders, Hollywood, California
Genre
Blues rock
Length
2:50
Label
Liberty
Producer(s)
Canned Heat, Skip Taylor
Canned Heat singles chronology
"On the Road Again"
(1968) "Going Up the Country"
(1968) "Time Was"
(1969)
"Going Up the Country" (also Goin' Up the Country) is a song adapted and recorded by American blues rock band Canned Heat. Called a "rural hippie anthem",[1] it became one of the band's biggest hits and best-known songs.[2] As with their previous single, "On the Road Again", the song was adapted from a 1920s blues song and sung in a countertenor-style by Alan Wilson.
Contents
1 Background and composition
2 Releases and charts
3 Appearances
4 References
5 External links
Background and composition[edit]
Canned Heat, who were early blues enthusiasts, based "Going Up the Country" on "Bull Doze Blues", recorded in 1928 by Texas bluesman Henry Thomas.[3] Thomas was from the songster tradition and had a unique sound,[4] sometimes accompanying himself on quills, an early Afro-American wind instrument similar to panpipes. He recorded "Bull Doze Blues" in Chicago on June 13, 1928, for Vocalion Records.[5]
For "Going Up the Country", Canned Heat's Wilson used Thomas' melody on the quills and his basic rhythm, but arranged it for a rock setting and rewrote the lyrics. In addition to the bass and drum rhythm section, Henry Vestine supplied a "light electric rhythm guitar"[3] and multi-instrumentalist Jim Horn reproduced Thomas' quill parts on the flute.[6]
Although linked to the counterculture of the 1960s' back-to-the-land movement, Wilson's lyrics are ambiguous:
Now, baby, pack your leaving trunk, you know we've got to leave today
Just exactly where we're going, I cannot say, but we might even leave the U.S.A.
'Cause there's a brand new game that I don't wanna play
Releases and charts[edit]
"Going Up the Country" was first released on Canned Heat's third album, Living the Blues, in October 1968.[7] Liberty Records released the song as a single on November 22, 1968,[7] which peaked at number 11 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 singles chart on January 25, 1969.[8] "Going Up the Country" was Canned Heat's highest charting single in the US.[8] In January 7, 1969, the song peaked at number 19 on the UK Singles Chart.[9] The song appears on several Canned Heat compilation albums, including Canned Heat Cookbook, Let's Work Together: The Best of Canned Heat (1989) and Uncanned! The Best of Canned Heat (1994).[7]
Appearances[edit]
Canned Heat performed "Going Up the Country" at the Woodstock music festival in August 1969. The song has been described as the "unofficial anthem" of the festival and is featured early.[10] In the film, Woodstock, Canned Heat's spoken introduction to their performance of the song is heard, but the movie then cuts to the studio recording played over a montage of festival attendees. The 1970 soundtrack album Woodstock: Music from the Original Soundtrack and More features the festival performance of the song, but without the spoken intro.
The original Canned Heat version was featured in "Fishing", a 1992 episode of The Wonder Years.[11] It has also been used on several television commercials for GEICO motorcycle insurance.[12][13][14] Several musicians have recorded renditions of "Going Up the Country", including Luca Prodan, Kitty, Daisy & Lewis, Deerhoof, and the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band.[15]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Planer, Lindsay. Canned Heat: Living the Blues – Review at AllMusic. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Pearson, Barry Lee (1996). "Canned Heat". In Erlewine, Michael. All Music Guide to the Blues. San Francisco: Miller Freeman Books. ISBN 0-87930-424-3.
^ Jump up to: a b Greenwald, Matthew. Canned Heat: "Going Up the Country" – Review at AllMusic. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Shadwick, Keith (2007). "Henry "Ragtime" Thomas". The Encyclopedia of Jazz & Blues. London: Quantum Publishing. p. 411. ISBN 978-0-681-08644-9.
Jump up ^ Vocalion no. 1230
Jump up ^ The flute in the album version and single version differ slightly; in one version, the third note is held for only a moment, while in the other, it is held for two or three seconds.
^ Jump up to: a b c Russo, Greg (1994). Uncanned! The Best of Canned Heat (CD set booklet). Canned Heat. New York City: EMI Records/Liberty Records. p. 23. 7243 8 29165 2 9.
^ Jump up to: a b "Canned Heat: Chart History – Hot 100". Billboard.com. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Canned Heat – Singles". Official Charts. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bennington, Vicki (April 24, 2008). "Canned Goods". The Telegraph (Alton). Ohio Community Media.
Jump up ^ "The Wonder Years Episode & Music Guide - Season 6 - Fishing". Retrieved 5 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "GEICO Motorcycle TV Commercial, 'Parents Go MIA' Song by Canned Heat" iSpot.tv
Jump up ^ "GEICO Insurance TV Commercial - Where's Gary, He's Going Up the Country" TV Commercial Spots
Jump up ^ "GEICO Commercial for GEICO Motorcycle (2017): Frank Ditches Bowling Night" Popisms.com
Jump up ^ "Going Up the Country – Song Search Results". AllMusic. Retrieved November 18, 2013.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Compilations
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"Rollin' and Tumblin'"
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"Spoonful"
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"Take Me to the River"
Related articles
Discography
Tommy Johnson
Floyd Jones
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Johnny Otis
John Lee Hooker
List of band members
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Going_Up_the_Country&oldid=857778201"
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(I Don't Know Why) But I Do
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"(I Don't Know Why) But I Do"
Single by Clarence "Frogman" Henry
from the album You Always Hurt the One You Love
Released
February 1961
Format
7" single
Genre
R&B, Swamp pop, Country
Label
Argo
Songwriter(s)
Paul Gayten/Robert Guidry
Clarence "Frogman" Henry singles chronology
"On Bended Knee"
(1961) "(I Don't Know Why) But I Do"
(1961) "You Always Hurt the One You Love"
(1961)
"On Bended Knee"
(1961) "(I Don't Know Why) But I Do"
(1961) "You Always Hurt the One You Love"
(1961)
Music video
"I Don't Know Why I Love You But I Do" (live) on YouTube
"(I Don't Know Why) But I Do" is an R&B song written by Paul Gayten and Bobby Charles (as Robert Guidry), and performed by Clarence "Frogman" Henry.
Contents
1 Original version
1.1 Chart history
1.1.1 Weekly charts
1.1.2 Year-end charts
2 Bobby Vinton cover
2.1 Chart history
3 Other covers
4 Refe
Original version[edit]
It was Henry's biggest U.S. hit, reaching #4 in early 1961. The B-side on the single release was "Just My Baby and Me".
The U.S. release on the Argo record label was titled "I Don't Know Why". The U.K. release on the Pye label and the Australian release on the Coronet label were both titled "But I Do". The U.K. version spent 19 weeks in the charts and peaked at #3 in the first week of May 1961.[1]
The song was made popular again after its use in a 1993 UK television commercial for the Fiat Cinquecento,[2] and appearances in the 1994 film Forrest Gump, and the 1999 film Mickey Blue Eyes.
Chart history[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1961)
Peak
position
UK [1] 3
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 4
U.S. Billboard R&B 9
U.S. Cash Box Top 100[3] 4
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1961)
Rank
UK [4] 24
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[5] 43
U.S. Cash Box [6] 39
Bobby Vinton cover[edit]
"But I Do"
Single by Bobby Vinton
Released
December 1972
Format
7" single
Genre
Pop, Easy Listening
Label
Epic
Songwriter(s)
Paul Gayten/Robert Guidry
Bobby Vinton singles chronology
"Sealed With a Kiss"
(1972) "But I Do"
(1972) "Hurt"
(1973)
"Sealed With a Kiss"
(1972) "But I Do"
(1972) "Hurt"
(1973)
Bobby Vinton covered "But I Do" in 1972. His version reached #82 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and #71 Cash Box in early 1973.[7] It also reached #27 on the Adult Contemporary chart.[8]
The song also charted in Canada on both the Pop chart (#72) and Adult Contemporary (#23) chart, where it made its best showing.[9][10]
Chart history[edit]
Chart (1972-73)
Peak
position
Canada RPM Top Singles[11] 72
Canada RPM Adult Contemporary[10] 23
US Billboard Hot 100[12] 82
US Billboard Adult Contemporary[8] 27
US Cash Box Top 100[7] 71
Other covers[edit]
The Dutch duo Lion had a local success with a cover of "But I Do" with "You've Got a "Woman" as the B-side in 1975.
Refe[edit]
"Billboard". Billboard Hot 100 airplay and sales charts. Retrieved June 11, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Rice T, Rice J, Read M & Gambaccini P, Guinness Book of Hits of the 60s. Guinness, London, 1984, p.75 (ISBN 0-85112-416-X)
Jump up ^ "Clarence "Frogman" Henry - (I Don't Know Why) But I Do". Discogs. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box Top 100 4/22/61". tropicalglen.com. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
Jump up ^ "Sixties City - Pop Music Charts - Every Week Of The Sixties". www.sixtiescity.net. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1961/Top 100 Songs of 1961". www.musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1961". tropicalglen.com. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Cash Box Top 100 2/10/73". tropicalglen.com. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 248.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. 1973-03-13. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
^ Jump up to: a b "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. 1973-03-03. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. 1973-03-13. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X

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1961 singles
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