text:
Banjara
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Not to be confused with Banjar people.
Banjara
Languages
Lambadi
The Banjara (also called Gor, Lambadi, Vanjari and Gormati) are a community usually described as nomadic people from the northwestern belt of the Indian subcontinent (from Afghanistan to the state of Rajasthan) but now found in other areas of India also.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin and History
2 Culture
2.1 Language
2.2 Art
2.3 Festivals
2.4 Dance and Music
3 Religion
4 Society
4.1 Distribution
4.2 Classification
5 See also
6 References
Origin and History[edit]
The Banjaras are believed to have originated from the Marwar region of Rajasthan.[1][2]
The word Banjara is said to be derived from Sanskrit word vana chara (wanderers in jungle). The word Lambani or Lamani is derived from the Sanskrit word lavana (salt), which was the principal product they transported across the country.[3]
Banjaras were traditionally suppliers of bullock and salt merchants. They also traded in grain and were known for long-distance commodity transport before the advent of the railways. During British rule Banjaras were forced to give up their traditional occupations. This led to some of them settling down as farmers near mountains and hilly regions, while others were driven into forests. The Banjaras of Maharashtra, called Vanjaris, are engaged in farm sector and large number of them are highly educated.[4][5]
Culture[edit]
Language[edit]
Traditional Banjara dress comprising of kanchali (blouse) and phetiya (skirt)
Banjaras speak Gor Boli; also called Lambadi, it belongs to the Indo-Aryan group of languages. As Lambadi has no script, it is either written in Devnagri script or in the script of the local language like Telugu or Kannada.[6] Most Banjaras today are bilingual or multilingual adopting the predominant language of their surroundings.[7]
Art[edit]
Banjara art is rich and includes performance arts such as dance and music to folk and plastic arts such as rangoli, textile embroidery, tattooing and painting.[8] The Banjara embroidery and tattooing are especially prized and also form a significant aspect of the Banjara identity. Lambani women specialize in lepo embroidery which involves stitching pieces of mirror, decorative beads and coins onto clothes.[9] The Sandur Lambani Embroidery is a type of textile embroidery unique to the tribe in Sanduru, Bellary district, Karnataka. It has obtained a GI tag.[10]
Festivals[edit]
Banjara people celebrate the festival of Teej during Shravana (the month of August). In this festival young unmarried Banjara girls pray for a good groom.[11] They sow seeds in bamboo bowls and water it three times a day for nine days and if the sprouts grow "thick and high", it is considered as good omen. During Teej the seedling-baskets are kept in the middle and girls sing and dance around them.[11] Banjaras celebrate all Hindu festivals such as Holi, Diwali.[12][13]
Dance and Music[edit]
Fire dance and Chari dance are the traditional dance forms of the Banjaras. Banjaras have a sister community of singers known as Dadhis or Gajugonia[14] They are Muslim Banjaras who traditionally traveled from village to village singing songs to the accompaniment of sarangi.[15]
Religion[edit]
The Banjara people profess to be Hindus. They also worship gods like Balaji, Jagadamba Devi, vithoba, Bhavani of Tuljapur, Renuka Mata of Mahur, Mahadev, Khandoba and Hanuman. They also hold Guru Nanak in great respect.[16]
Sevalal or Sevabhaya is the most important saint of the Banjaras. According to their accounts, he was born on 15 February 1739 in Sirsi, Karnataka, to Bhima Naik and Dharmini Bai, and died on 4 December 1806. A cattle merchant by profession he is said to have been a man of exemplary truthfulness, a great musician, a courageous warrior, a rationalist who fought against superstition and a devotee of the goddess Jagadamba.[17] The colonial British administrators also quote his stories but they place him in the 19th century and identify his original name as Siva Rathor.[18]
Society[edit]
Distribution[edit]
Banjaras can be found all over India.[19] As of 2012 there are 1.1 million Banjaras in Karnataka.[20]
The Banjara people were transporters of goods such as salt, grains, firewood and cattle. During the 19th century, the British colonial authorities brought the community under the purview of Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 and thus curbed their movement.[21] The stigma attached to this continued until 1952 when the Act was abolished by the newly independent India.
Classification[edit]
The Banjara community has been listed as a Scheduled Tribe in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa;[22] as an Other Backward Class in Maharashtra;[23] and as a Scheduled Caste in Karnataka.[24]
See also[edit]
Rajasthani people
List of Scheduled Tribes in India
Ranjit Naik
References[edit]
Citations
Jump up ^ Vaditya, Venkatesh (December 2017). "Cultural Changes And Marginalisation Of Lambada Community In Telangana, India". Indian Journal Of Dalit And Tribal Studies And Action. 2 (3, No.5): Pp.55 To 80. Retrieved 6 May 2018. CS1 maint: Extra text (link)
Jump up ^ Burman, J. J. Roy (2010). Ethnography of a Denotified Tribe: The Laman Banjara. New Delhi: Mittal Publications. p. 15. ISBN 978-8-18324-345-2.
Jump up ^ B. G. Halbar, p.14
Jump up ^ "maharashtra land and people" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Vohra, Gautam (1992-01-01). The New Political Elite. Daya Publishing House. ISBN 9788170351092.
Jump up ^ Bhukya 2010, p. 233.
Jump up ^ B. G. Halbar, p.20
Jump up ^ Dhanasing B. Naik, p.132
Jump up ^ Dhanasing B. Naik, plate.26,27
Jump up ^ "Sandur Lambani embroidery gets GI tag". The Hindu. 30 September 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Banjara tribe refuses to snap ties with its culture". The Hindu. 23 August 2013. Retrieved 2014-10-01.
Jump up ^ Kumar Suresh Singh, Tapash Kumar Ghosh, Surendra Nath. People of India: Delhi. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 94. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "They Come Together to Celebrate Holi". The Hindu. 1 March 2010. Retrieved 2014-10-01.
Jump up ^ Dhanasing B.Naik, p.70
Jump up ^ Dhanasing B. Naik, plate 50
Jump up ^ S. G. Deogaonkar and Shailaja S. Deogaonkar, p.42
Jump up ^ Naik, Lalitha (2009). Banjara Hejjegurutugalu. Bangalore: Karnataka Rajya Patragara Ilakhe. pp. 42–84. ISBN 978-8190843812.
Jump up ^ Bhukya, Bhangya (2010). Subjugated Nomads: The Lambadas Under the Rule of the Nizams. Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan. p. 209. ISBN 978-81-250-3961-7. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "'Adivasis facing threat from Banjaras'". The Hindu. 21 August 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Gowda, Aravind (27 February 2012). "Truly the forgotten people of Karnataka". India Today. Retrieved 2014-10-02.
Jump up ^ Dr. Tanaji Rathode. "Socio-Economic Issues of Banjara Community:". Banjara Times. Banjara Times. Retrieved 2014-10-04.
Jump up ^ "Denotified, Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Communities" (PDF). NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR DENOTIFIED, NOMADIC AND SEMI-NOMADIC TRIBES. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA" (PDF). bcmbcmw.tn.gov.in. Govt of Maharashtra. Retrieved 2015-12-05.
Jump up ^ "Inclusion of Banjara language in 8th Schedule sought". The Hindu. 4 March 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-01.
Bibliography
Halbar, B. G. (1986). Lamani Economy and Society in Change. Mittal Publications.
Deogaonkar, Shashishekhar Gopal; Deogaonkar, Shailaja Shashishekhar (1992). The Banjara. Concept Publishing Company.
Naik, Dhanasing B. (2000). The Art and Literature of Banjara Lambanis: A Socio-cultural Study. Abhinav Publications.
Bhukya, Bhangya (2010). Subjugated Nomads: The Lambadas Under the Rule of the Nizams. Orient BlackSwan.
Satya, Laxman D. (July 1997). "Colonial Sedentarization and Subjugation: The Case of Banjaras of Berar, 1850-1900". The Journal of Peasant Studies, 24:4. pp. 314–336.
Habib, Irfan (1990). "Merchant Communities in Precolonial India". The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350-1750. Cambridge University Press. pp. 371–99.
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Pete Campbell
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the fictional character from Mad Men. For other people with the same name, see Peter Campbell (disambiguation).
Pete Campbell
Mad Men character
Vincent Kartheiser as Pete Campbell
First appearance
"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" (1.01)
Last appearance
"Person to Person" (7.14)
Created by
Matthew Weiner
Portrayed by
Vincent Kartheiser
Information
Full name
Peter Dyckman Campbell
Nickname(s)
Pete
Occupation
Account Executive, Partner: Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce
Former:
Account Executive
Co-Head of Accounts: Sterling Cooper
Family
Andrew Campbell (deceased father)
Dorothy Dyckman-Campbell (deceased mother)
Spouse(s)
Trudy Campbell (wife)
Children
A son (with Peggy Olson)
Tammy Campbell (with Trudy)
Peter Dyckman Campbell (born February 28, 1934) is a fictional character on AMC's television series Mad Men. He is portrayed by Vincent Kartheiser.
Kartheiser has won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series twice along with the cast of Mad Men.[1]
Contents
1 Biography
1.1 At Sterling Cooper
1.2 At McCann-Erickson
1.3 Marriage and relationships
2 References
3 External links
Biography[edit]
Pete Campbell was born to an upper-crust White Anglo-Saxon Protestant Manhattan family. His mother, Dorothy "Dot" Campbell née Dyckman, descended from an old Dutch family that had arrived in New Amsterdam and at one point "owned pretty much everything north of 125th Street".[citation needed]
Pete has a strained relationship with his parents, who are emotionally distant and disapprove of their son's decision to go into advertising. In Season 2, after his father dies in a plane crash over Jamaica Bay, Pete is unable to cry.
Upon their father's death, Pete's older brother, Bud, examines their father's finances to determine their inheritance from the family trust. Bud discovers their father, through years of a lavish lifestyle, depleted the money put into the trust. Bud tells Pete this news, and both seem unsurprised.
Following this revelation, Pete states that he, in fact, hated his father. Later in Season 2, Pete reveals that he also hates his mother.
Bud also resents their parents, but is treated and regarded by both parents as the favored son. Displaying a mutual resentment of their mother, Bud and Pete reminisce over Alfred Hitchcock's film Rope, loosely based on the story of Leopold and Loeb. When Pete's mother suggests that any possibility of Pete and his wife Trudy's adopting a child would be unacceptable and lead to his being disinherited, Pete retaliates by telling her his father squandered the family's life savings. (This fact originally was intended as a secret that Pete and Bud meant to keep from her.) In Season 6, when Pete's mother is forced to live with him in his apartment, he takes pleasure in exploiting her developing Alzheimer's disease to control her.
In Season 1, Pete often expresses a desire to be treated seriously in business. He displays a genuine knack for it, but is unwilling to put in work and seems to be both overly willing to get by on his family name and unwilling to accept that it's his family name, not his own merits, that have gotten him as far as he has come. He can also appear spiteful and cold to people he feels have mistreated him in some way. For example, he attempts to destroy Don's life by revealing Don's dark secret about his true identity, but in later seasons, prevents Don's exposure.
Pete is said to have attended The Buckley School (New York City), Deerfield Academy, and Dartmouth College, and it is implied that he was in the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity at the latter. Unlike many other characters, he is a nonsmoker.
At Sterling Cooper[edit]
Pete is an account executive at Sterling Cooper until December 1963, when he leaves to join Don Draper's new firm.[2] His position at Sterling Cooper entails arranging meetings with clients, as well as wining and dining them (and occasionally, arranging meetings for them with prostitutes). Early in the show, he appears to be unsatisfied with his position and would rather work on the creative end. To this end, he attempts to undermine Draper several times by pitching his own copy to clients. One of these occurrences nearly gets him fired, but Bert Cooper forestalls that because, regardless of Pete's skills or lack thereof, his family connections are important for bringing in new business for the firm.
At the beginning of Season 3, the new British management promotes Pete to Head of Accounts. He is overjoyed until he discovers that he is actually a "co-head" of the department, sharing the position with Ken Cosgrove. Pete becomes enraged and lashes out at Cosgrove, despite the fact that the new management clearly intends to play the two off each other.[3] Pete later distinguishes himself in the position, however, particularly by helping the firm appeal to the previously untapped "Negro market".[4]
Pete later joins the new agency formed by Sterling, Cooper, Draper, and Lane Pryce, with the understanding that he is to become a partner, bringing his Sterling Cooper clients with him to their new company.[2]
At McCann-Erickson[edit]
After the absorption of SC&P into McCann, Pete successfully brings over his clients and becomes well liked at the new office. In the series finale, Duck Phillips approaches Pete with a lucrative job offer in Wichita with Lear Jet, which Pete flatly refuses at first but later accepts.[5]
Marriage and relationships[edit]
Pete marries Trudy Vogel (portrayed by Alison Brie), a young woman from a nouveau riche family, in March 1960. It is implied that Pete does not know her very well before he marries her; after their honeymoon, he tells his coworkers that she is much funnier than he imagined her to be.[6] The two purchase an apartment on Park Avenue in New York City's Upper East Side. Pete's parents refuse to help the couple pay for the apartment, but Trudy's parents eventually pitch in, much to Pete's discomfort. Trudy's parents also pressure the couple to try to have a baby, which Pete is reluctant to do.
After 18 months of trying to conceive, the two attend a fertility clinic, where it is discovered that Trudy has fertility problems. Trudy and her parents pressure Pete to look into adoption. Pete is at first uncomfortable with the idea but agrees to think about it, and mentions this to his brother. Bud tells their mother, who disapproves completely, stating that people of Pete's social status should not be picking from "discards".[7] When Pete finds out that Trudy has put their name on a list to meet with a prominent local adoption agency, he shouts at her, throws the dinner she cooked off their balcony, and declares that they are absolutely not going to adopt.[8]
This leads to a rift in the marriage. Trudy decides to stay at her parents' house during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and Pete refuses to go with her, stating that if he is going to die, he wants to die in Manhattan.[9]
Pete and his mother are unaware that Pete has already fathered a child with his co-worker, Peggy Olson (portrayed by Elisabeth Moss). Pete initially met Peggy on her first day as Don Draper's new secretary, in March 1960. A lower middle class Catholic from Brooklyn, Peggy tells Pete that she has just graduated from Miss Deaver's Secretarial School. Pete makes rude comments about her dowdy appearance, for which Draper scolds him. Later that night, however, after his bachelor party, Pete shows up at Peggy's apartment drunk. Despite his offensive remarks earlier that day, the two sleep together.[10] Months later, Peggy and Pete again have a sexual encounter on Pete's office couch, early in the morning before the other employees arrive.[11] Though Peggy begins to arrive early for work regularly, the two have no further sexual liaisons. During the Season 1 finale, it is revealed that Peggy — who has put on a considerable amount of weight over the course of the season — is pregnant with Pete's child. She gives birth to a boy.[12]
Early in Season 2, Peter meets Susie (portrayed by Sarah Wright) after a casting call for Playtex, and they talk in the elevator. Much to Pete's surprise, she lives with her mother, but that doesn't stop them from sleeping together.[13] During the Season 2 finale, when everyone in the office has left for the day, Pete asks Peggy to come sit down with him. Pete tells Peggy he thinks she is "perfect", and then confesses that he is in love with her and wishes he had married her. This declaration prompts Peggy to finally admit that she had his baby and gave it up for adoption two years before. After Peggy reveals this, Pete sits in shock. Pete is last seen sitting alone in his dark office, holding a rifle on his lap. It is the same rifle he bought on store credit in Season 1, when he returned a ceramic chip-and-dip he and Trudy received as a wedding gift.[9]
At the start of Season 3, which takes place about six months later, Pete and Trudy seem much closer: he immediately calls her when he discovers he is to be promoted, and there is no mention of adoption. They seem like a very happy couple dancing the Charleston at Roger Sterling's garden party, and Harry Crane's wife is jealous of them. When Trudy goes out of town weeks later, though, Pete feels very lonely and coerces his neighbor's young German au pair into sleeping with him; actor Vincent Kartheiser portrayed this as rape, though he said it was more ambiguous in the script.[14] The man she works for comes over to confront Pete in their apartment. When Trudy kisses Pete after returning home, he is noticeably distraught, and he later tells Trudy, "I don't want you to go away anymore without me."
By the end of Season 3, it is apparent that some form of fence-mending has taken place between Pete and his father-in-law (revealed in Season 4 to be Trudy's doing) as Pete is able to bring the Clearasil account to the newly formed firm Sterling, Cooper, Draper, and Pryce. This is an account Pete had previously lost for Sterling Cooper due to his refusing to consider adoption, thus upsetting his wife and angering his father-in-law. In Season 4, the agency drops Clearasil because of a conflict with another account, but Pete is able to manipulate his father-in-law into giving him several larger accounts from that company.
In the Season 4 episode "The Rejected," Pete finds out that Trudy is pregnant, much to his delight. Trudy gives birth in the 11th episode of the season to their daughter, Tamsin Vogel Campbell, known as "Tammy" (an obvious gesture to his father-in-law).
In the early years of their marriage, Pete had trouble reconciling his own ambitions with that of his wife. Pete was a domineering husband, such as when he scolded Trudy for signing up for an adoption agency without his permission. Also, he was angry at her for not sleeping with her ex-beau, who, now a publishing executive, could have gotten a story Pete published in a prestigious publication.
Pete engaged in at least three extramarital affairs in the first years of their marriage. However, after being caught by a neighbor, Pete confesses his infidelity to Trudy. After a short period of tension their marriage seemed to improve, something that aligned with a corresponding improvement in Pete's work status. However, in Seasons 4 and 5, Pete seemed to lose his dominance in the relationship, such as when Trudy "forbids" him to give their money to Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.
By the start of Season 5, Pete and Trudy have moved with their baby daughter to a new home in Cos Cob, a village in the affluent commuter city of Greenwich, CT, which sits on the New Haven Line. Having never learned to drive, Pete commutes by rail to the city. By July 1966, he has enrolled in a driver education course in order to gain a license.
Living in Greenwich has a negative effect on the Manhattan-raised Pete, who begins to feel restless in his marriage, homelife, and career. He begins an affair with Beth Dawes (portrayed by actress Alexis Bledel), the unhappy wife of a co-commuter, which ends after she has a round of electroshock therapy to cure her undiagnosed depression and, as a result, forgets who he is.
In Season 6, Pete indulges in a fling with a neighborhood woman, whose husband finds out and beats the woman at the Campbells' doorway. As a result, Trudy tells Pete she knew all along about his infidelities, and she therefore let him have a bachelor pad in Manhattan, so he would have his affairs there, and not in their home turf. She throws him out, although she refuses to divorce, which she deems would acknowledge failure.[15] However, in a later episode, "For Immediate Release", Pete loses his father-in-law's account after they run into each other at a brothel. In revenge, Pete tells Trudy what he saw. She makes it plain she doesn't believe him and wouldn't care if he were telling the truth, after which she throws him out.[16] In the season 6 finale, he comes by to get a few things, as he is driving out west to open up a new branch of the agency in California. He offers a sincere apology to Trudy, who accepts and lets him say goodbye to his daughter.[17]
However, when Pete makes a visit to NYC in Season 7, Tammy does not recognize him and seems scared by his presence. Pete later, hypocritically, accuses Trudy of being a bad parent when she stays out late on a date, after which Trudy coldly retorts: "you're not part of this family anymore." Pete reacts by pushing the bottle of beer he was drinking into a cake Trudy had baked and walks out the house without further comment.[18] In the latter part of the season Pete seeks reconciliation and asks Trudy to relocate with him to Wichita, with their daughter. Trudy at first refuses his heartfelt request, admitting she still loves Pete but can't forget his adultery. Eventually, however, she agrees to renew their marriage. The reunited Campbell family is last seen happily boarding a Lear Jet for their new life in Kansas.[5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Vincent Kartheiser-IMDb". IMDb.com. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Shut the Door. Have a Seat.". Mad Men. Season 3. Episode 13. November 8, 2009. AMC.
Jump up ^ "Out of Town". Mad Men. Season 3. Episode 1. August 16, 2009. AMC.
Jump up ^ "The Fog". Mad Men. Season 3. Episode 5. September 13, 2009. AMC.
^ Jump up to: a b "Person to Person". Mad Men. Season 7. Episode 14. May 17, 2015. AMC.
Jump up ^ Nussbaum, Emily (July 24, 2008). "Emily Nussbaum on Pete and his Poignant Crumminess". NYMag.com.
Jump up ^ "The Inheritance". Mad Men. Season 2. Episode 10. October 5, 2008. AMC.
Jump up ^ "The Mountain King". Mad Men. Season 2. Episode 12. October 19, 2008. AMC.
^ Jump up to: a b "Meditations in an Emergency". Mad Men. Season 2. Episode 13. October 26, 2008. AMC.
Jump up ^ "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes". Mad Men. Season 1. Episode 1. July 19, 2007. AMC.
Jump up ^ "The Hobo Code". Mad Men. Season 1. Episode 8. September 6, 2007. AMC.
Jump up ^ "The Wheel". Mad Men. Season 1. Episode 13. October 18, 2007. AMC.
Jump up ^ "Maidenform". Mad Men. Season 2. Episode 6. August 31, 2008. AMC.
Jump up ^ movieline (November 8, 2010). "Pete Campbell 'Not a Rapist,' Says Pete Campbell". Movieline. Retrieved December 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Collaborators". Mad Men. Season 6. Episode 3. April 14, 2013. AMC.
Jump up ^ "For Immediate Release". Mad Men. Season 6. Episode 6. May 5, 2013. AMC.
Jump up ^ "In Care Of". Mad Men. Season 6. Episode 13. June 23, 2013. AMC.
Jump up ^ "The Strategy". Mad Men. Season 7. Episode 6. May 18, 2015. AMC.
External links[edit]
Pete Campbell at AMCtv.com
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Mad Men
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Don Draper
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Joan Holloway
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Episodes
Season 1
"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"
"Ladies Room"
"Marriage of Figaro"
"New Amsterdam"
"5G"
"Babylon"
"Red in the Face"
"The Hobo Code"
"Shoot"
"Long Weekend"
Season 2
"For Those Who Think Young"
"Flight 1"
"Three Sundays"
Season 3
"Guy Walks Into an Advertising Agency"
"Shut the Door. Have a Seat."
Season 4
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"Christmas Comes But Once a Year"
"The Good News"
"The Rejected"
"The Chrysanthemum and the Sword"
"Waldorf Stories"
"The Suitcase"
"The Summer Man"
"The Beautiful Girls"
"Hands and Knees"
"Chinese Wall"
"Blowing Smoke"
"Tomorrowland"
Season 5
"A Little Kiss"
"Tea Leaves"
"Mystery Date"
"Signal 30"
"Far Away Places"
"At the Codfish Ball"
"Lady Lazarus"
"Dark Shadows"
"Christmas Waltz"
"The Other Woman"
"Commissions and Fees"
"The Phantom"
Season 6
"The Doorway"
"The Crash"
Season 7
"Person to Person"
Related
Awards and nominations
Retrospective: the Music of Mad Men
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pete_Campbell&oldid=848322678"
Categories:
Mad Men characters
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