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Dodoma
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Capital of Tanzania in Dodoma, Tanzania
Dodoma
Capital of Tanzania
Dodoma
Location of Dodoma
Dodoma
Dodoma (Africa)
Dodoma
Dodoma (Earth)
Show map of Tanzania Show map of Africa Show map of Earth Show all
Coordinates: 6°10′23″S 35°44′31″E / 6.17306°S 35.74194°E / -6.17306; 35.74194Coordinates: 6°10′23″S 35°44′31″E / 6.17306°S 35.74194°E / -6.17306; 35.74194
Country
Tanzania
Region
Dodoma
Government
• Mayor
Davis G. Mwamfupe
Area
• Land
2,576 km2 (995 sq mi)
Elevation
1,120 m (3,670 ft)
Population (2012 census [1])
• Total
410,956
Time zone
EAT (UTC+3)
Area code(s)
026
Köppen climate classification
BSh
Website
City website
Dodoma (literally "It has sunk" in Gogo), officially Dodoma City, is the national capital of The United Republic Of Tanzania[2] and the capital of Dodoma Region, with a population of 410,956.[1]
Contents
1 Geography
2 Demographics
3 History
4 Infrastructure
4.1 Irrigation Dam
5 Climate
6 Education
6.1 Universities
7 Transport
7.1 Airport
7.2 Railway
7.3 Public Transport
7.4 Road Link
8 Government
9 Culture and sport
9.1 Football
9.2 Variety of Sports
9.3 Stadium
10 Gallery
11 Twin towns - Sister cities
12 Religion
13 Notes
14 External links
Geography[edit]
Located at 6|10|23|S|35|44|31|E|display=inline,title, in the centre of the country, the town is 453 kilometres (281 mi) west of the former capital at Dar es Salaam and 441 kilometres (274 mi) south of Arusha, the headquarters of the East African Community. It is also 259 kilometres (161 miles) north of Iringa through Mtera. It covers an area of 2,669 square kilometres (1,031 sq mi) of which 625 square kilometres (241 sq mi) is urbanized.
Demographics[edit]
Out of the total population, 199,487 people (48.5 percent) are male while 211,469 people (51.5 percent) are female. The average household size is 4.4 people.[1] The Roman Catholic Church reports that 19.2% of the population are Roman Catholics.[3] Dodoma is populated by different ethnic groups because it is a government administrative centre, although the indigenous ethnic groups are the Gogo, Rangi, and Sandawe. There are also small Indian minorities.[citation needed]
History[edit]
Originally a small market town known as Idodomya, the modern Dodoma was founded in 1907 by German colonists during construction of the Tanzanian central railway. The layout followed the typical colonial planning of the time with a European quarter segregated from a native village[4].
In 1967, following independence, the government invited Canadian firm Project Planning Associates Ltd to draw up a master plan to help control and organise the then capital of the country Dar es Salaam that was undergoing rapid urbanisation and population growth. The plan was cancelled in 1972 in part due to its failure to adequately address the historical and social problems associated with the city.[4]
On 1 October 1973, after a nationwide party referendum, the Tanzanian government announced that the capital would be moved from Dar es Salaam to a more central location to create significant social and economic improvements for the central region and to centralise the capital within the country. The cost was estimated at £186 million and envisaged to take 10 years. The site, the Dodoma region, had been looked at as a potential new capital as early as 1915 by the then colonial power Germany, in 1932 by the British as a League of Nations mandate and again in the post-independence National Assembly in 1961 and 1966. [5][6]
With an already established town at a major crossroads, the Dodoma region had an agreeable climate, room for development[7] and was located in the geographic centre of the nation. Its location in a rural environment was seen as the ujamaa heartland and therefore appropriate for a ujamaa capital that could see and learn from neighbouring villages and maintain a close relationship to the land[6][8].
A new capital was seen as a more economically viable alternative than attempting to reorganise and restructure Dar es Salaam and was idealised as a way of diverting development away from continued concentration in a single coastal city that was seen as anathema to the government’s goal of socialist unity and development[6]. Objectives for the new capital included: that the city becoming a symbol of Tanzania’s social and cultural values and aspirations; that the capital city function being supplemented by industrial-commercial development; and that the mistakes and features of colonial planning and modern big cities such as excessive population densities, pollution and traffic congestion were to be avoided[4].
The Capital Development Authority (CDA) invited three international firms to submit proposals for the best location and preparation of a master plan: Project Planning Associates Ltd., of Canada; Doxiadis Associates International, of Greece (who had worked on Pakistan’s new capital of Islamabad); and Engineering Consulting Firms Association, of Japan. A fourth firm from Germany submitted a proposal without invitation[6].
The winner, decided by the CDA together with independent American consultants, was Project Planning Associates, the same Canadian consultants whose plan for Dar es Salaam was seen as inadequate and not responsive enough to the local conditions and needs for Tanzania’s largest city[6]. Their plan envisaged a city of 400,000 persons by 2000 and 1.3 million by 2020[8].
Dodoma was envisaged as the first non-monumental capital city[8] as opposed to the monumentality and hierarchy of other master planned capital cities such as Abuja, Brasilia and Washington. It rejected geometrical forms such as grid iron and radial plans as inappropriate as the urban form was intended to undulate and curve with the existing topography and not in conflict with it so as to retain its rural ujamaa feel. As befitted Tanzania’s development at the time, the car was seen as secondary in importance to public transports such as buses which were then utilised by much of the population[8].
In 1974, Dodoma had a population of 40,000 and was chosen as the actual site of the new capital as opposed to nearby Hombolo or Ihumwa. The existing population size was not seen as an impediment while existing infrastructure would reduce construction costs[6].
The city, designed over 2,500 acres (1,000 hectares), was meant to be "the chief village in a nation of villages," built at a human scale meant to be experienced on foot.[9] Its basic principles follow the garden city model of a town set amongst a garden with green belts separating segregated zones for residents and industry.
As part of the move of the government, a capitol complex was envisaged and multiple designs by different international teams offered competing visions and versions of the siting and layout of a capitol complex. These competing proposals, some paid for by foreign governments as a form of aid and others by the firms involved were presented as early as 1978. However, it was not until 2006 that the Chinese government delivered a finished parliament building in Dodoma. The final location of the parliament was not in its original intended location in the master plan, with the location now being developed as a site for a university.[5]
As much of the initial design never came to fruition over the past 40 years, government offices and embassies have resisted moving offices to Dodoma. As a result, many government offices remain in Dar es Salaam, which remains the commercial and the de-facto capital of Tanzania.[10][5].
Dodoma was envisaged as a nation building project to cement a newly post-colonial independence identity and direction in Tanzania and is similar to projects in Nigeria (Abuja), Botswana (Gaborone), Malawi (Lilongwe) and Mauritania (Nouakchott)[5].
Infrastructure[edit]
Irrigation Dam[edit]
Dodoma municipal authority is also responsible for the upkeep of the nearby Hombolo Dam.
Climate[edit]
Dodoma features a semi-arid climate with relatively warm temperatures throughout the year. While average highs are somewhat consistent throughout the year, average lows dip to 13 °C (55.4 °F) in July. Dodoma averages 570 mm of precipitation per year, the bulk of which occurs during its wet season between November and April. The remainder of the year comprises the city’s dry season.
hideClimate data for Dodoma (1971–2000)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
35.3
(95.5) 36.0
(96.8) 33.5
(92.3) 32.7
(90.9) 32.9
(91.2) 31.7
(89.1) 31.1
(88) 34.1
(93.4) 33.8
(92.8) 36.1
(97) 36.0
(96.8) 36.4
(97.5) 36.4
(97.5)
Average high °C (°F)
29.4
(84.9) 29.4
(84.9) 29.0
(84.2) 28.7
(83.7) 28.0
(82.4) 27.1
(80.8) 26.5
(79.7) 27.3
(81.1) 29.0
(84.2) 30.5
(86.9) 30.1
(86.2) 30.4
(86.7) 28.8
(83.8)
Average low °C (°F)
18.6
(65.5) 18.6
(65.5) 18.3
(64.9) 17.9
(64.2) 16.5
(61.7) 14.4
(57.9) 13.6
(56.5) 14.2
(57.6) 15.3
(59.5) 16.9
(62.4) 18.3
(64.9) 18.8
(65.8) 16.5
(61.7)
Record low °C (°F)
15.7
(60.3) 16.2
(61.2) 14.9
(58.8) 14.9
(58.8) 10.3
(50.5) 8.9
(48) 7.6
(45.7) 9.3
(48.7) 11.1
(52) 13.0
(55.4) 14.4
(57.9) 14.4
(57.9) 7.6
(45.7)
Average rainfall mm (inches)
133.7
(5.264) 144.5
(5.689) 113.9
(4.484) 57.8
(2.276) 5.3
(0.209) 0.1
(0.004) 0.03
(0.0012) 0.01
(0.0004) 0.01
(0.0004) 2.08
(0.0819) 26.25
(1.0335) 123.28
(4.8535) 606.96
(23.8961)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)
10 9 7 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 41
Average relative humidity (%)
66 68 70 68 63 60 59 58 55 53 55 63 62
Source #1: World Meteorological Organization[11]
Source #2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes and humidity)[12]
Education[edit]
Universities[edit]
The University of Dodoma.
Nyerere Square.
There are several universities in Dodoma, two of which include the St Johns University of Tanzania, owned by the Anglican Church of Tanzania, and University of Dodoma, with about 35,000 students. Both universities officially opened in 2007. In addition there is Mipango University and CBE.
The Anglican Church owns the only international school in Dodoma, Canon Andrea Mwaka School ("CAMS"). CAMS, established in 1950, provides education to children from Nursery to Form 4. The education is based on the English National curriculum and the school offers students the opportunity to take IGCSE examinations. An estimated 280 students are taught at the school.
Transport[edit]
Airport[edit]
The city's airport, Dodoma Airport is managed by the Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority; the size of planes are limited to small aircraft at the moment. There are plans to build a new airport outside the city with increased runway length and weight-bearing capacity.
The city can be reached by flights operated by Air Tanzania, Auric Air, and Flightlink[13] at Dodoma Airport south of Dodoma.
Railway[edit]
The city is also served by the Dodoma train station located near Kikuyu Avenue which has the Central Railway Line. The Central Railway Line connects it over a distance of 465 kilometres (289 mi) with Dar es Salaam in the east.
Public Transport[edit]
A daladala station is also located serving Dodoma on B129 south west of Dodoma.
Road Link[edit]
A major highway connects Dodoma with Dar es Salaam via the Morogoro region in the east. To the west, there are roads to Mwanza and Kigoma going through Tabora. The Great North Road links the city with Arusha to the north, via Kondoa.

Government[edit]
The House of Parliament of Tanzania is located in Dodoma.[14]
Culture and sport[edit]
The city is represented in the Tanzanian Premier League by football clubs Dodoma FC, before was known as Polisi Dodoma,other oldest clubs as CDA, Waziri Mkuu, Kurugenzi, Mji Mpwapwa and Dundee.
Football[edit]
Football is admired by most children and teenagers in Dodoma. Played on a regular basis, football is a hobby that is the favourite of most young boys in Dodoma [15]
Variety of Sports[edit]
Interest in other sports (such as volleyball, basketball, and even rugby) is gradually increasing, but is still a distance away from the reputation football has achieved in the city.
Stadium[edit]
The city hosts the Jamhuri Stadium on School Avenue.[16]
Gallery[edit]
The Dodoma Train Station.
The Anglican Church in Dodoma.
Shops in Dodoma.
Central Dodoma during the daytime.
The Dodoma Central Mosque.
The Dodoma Airport.
Twin towns - Sister cities[edit]
Dodoma is twinned with the following places:
Jaipur, India
Bangui, Central African Republic
Watsa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Religion[edit]
The city hosts Dodoma Cathedral and the Muammer Gaddafi mosque.
The Dodoma Cathedral.
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "2012 The United Republic of Tanzania Population and Housing Census". Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 2014-03-12.
Jump up ^ "Country Profile from the official website of Tanzanian government". Retrieved 2014-03-01.
Jump up ^ Cheney, David M. "Dodoma (Archdiocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". Retrieved 22 August 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Siebolds, Peter; Steinberg, Florian. "Dodoma — A future African Brasilia?". Habitat International. 5 (5-6): 681–690. doi:10.1016/0197-3975(80)90008-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Beeckmans, Luce. "The Architecture of Nation-building in Africa as a Development Aid Project: Designing the capital cities of Kinshasa (Congo) and Dodoma (Tanzania) in the post-independence years". Progress in Planning. doi:10.1016/j.progress.2017.02.001.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Hayuma, A.M. "Dodoma: The planning and building of the new capital city of Tanzania". Habitat International. 5 (5-6): 653–680. doi:10.1016/0197-3975(80)90007-7.
Jump up ^ Aloysius C. Mosha. "The planning of the new capital of Tanzania: Dodoma, an unfulfilled dream" (PDF). University of Botswana. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Vale, Lawrence J (2008). Architecture, power, and national identity. London: Routledge. pp. 146–193. ISBN 9780415955140.
Jump up ^ Friedman, Andrew (2012-05-01). "The Global Postcolonial Moment and the American New Town India, Reston, Dodoma". Journal of Urban History. 38 (3): 553–576. doi:10.1177/0096144211428765. ISSN 0096-1442.
Jump up ^ Callaci, Emily (2016-02-01). "'Chief village in a nation of villages': history, race and authority in Tanzania's Dodoma plan". Urban History. 43 (1): 96–116. doi:10.1017/S0963926814000753. ISSN 0963-9268.
Jump up ^ "World Weather Information Service – Dodoma". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Klimatafel von Dodoma / Tansania" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 22 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Auric Air". Auric Air Services Ltd. March 30, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ http://www.parliament.go.tz/
Jump up ^ http://www.tff.or.tz/
Jump up ^ http://www.habari.go.tz/
External links[edit]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dodoma.
Media related to Dodoma at Wikimedia Commons
Dodoma Wine
Dodoma Guide
Pictures of Dodoma and its surroundings on Flickr
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Districts of Dodoma Region, Tanzania
Bahi
Chamwino
Chemba
Dodoma
Kondoa
Kongwa
Mpwapwa
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Dodoma, Tanzania
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WorldCat Identities
GND: 4012582-8
LCCN: n81007927
VIAF: 152449191
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dodoma&oldid=854700821"
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values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-am
display: none;

values: دودوما – Arabic

values:
https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Arpitan
frp
frp
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-frp
display: none;

values:
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Asturian
ast
ast
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: দোদোমা – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Дадома – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sn
display: none;

values:
https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Tumbuka
tum
tum
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tum
display: none;

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Ντοντόμα – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodomao
Dodomao – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: دودوما – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Fiji Hindi
hif
hif
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hif
display: none;

values:
https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Faroese
fo
fo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fo
display: none;

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Western Frisian
fy
fy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fy
display: none;

values:
https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Irish
ga
ga
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values:
https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Scottish Gaelic
gd
gd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gd
display: none;

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Hakka Chinese
hak
hak
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hak
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: दोदोमा – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Interlingue
ie
ie
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ie
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: דודומה – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

values:
https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Kalaallisut
kl
kl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Додома – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Kinyarwanda
rw
rw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Kongo
kg
kg
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kg
display: none;

values:
https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Haitian Creole
ht
ht
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ht
display: none;

values:
https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Kurdish
ku
ku
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values: Додома – Kyrgyz

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj
display: none;

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Latvian
lv
lv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Lingala
ln
ln
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ln
display: none;

values:
https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Lombard
lmo
lmo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Hungarian
hu
hu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Malagasy
mg
mg
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Maori
mi
mi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mi
display: none;

values: डोडोमा – Marathi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf
display: none;

values:
https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Min Dong Chinese
cdo
cdo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo
display: none;

values:
https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Nāhuatl
nah
nah
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nah
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values: Додома – Chechen

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ce
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values: ਦੋਦੋਮਾ – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Papiamento
pap
pap
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pap
display: none;

values: دودوما – Pashto

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ps
display: none;

values:
https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Piedmontese
pms
pms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Quechua
qu
qu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-qu
display: none;

values: Додома – Russian

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Slovak
sk
sk
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Somali
so
so
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-so
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values: Додома – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: டொடோமா – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: โดโดมา – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: Додома – Tajik

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tg
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Додома – Udmurt

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-udm
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: دودوما – Urdu

values:
https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Venetian
vec
vec
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vec
display: none;

values:
https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodom
Dodom – Veps
vep
vep
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vep
display: none;

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Wolof
wo
wo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu
display: none;

values: דאדאמא – Yiddish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values:
https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Yoruba
yo
yo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values:
https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodoma
Dodoma – Zazaki
diq
diq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-diq
display: none;

values:
https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todoma
Todoma – Kabiye
kbp
kbp
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Dodoma rootpage-Dodoma skin-vector action-view


text:
1968 Summer Olympics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Games of the XIX Olympiad
Host city
Mexico City, Mexico
Nations participating
112
Athletes participating
5,516
(4,735 men, 781 women)
Events
172 in 18 sports
Opening ceremony
October 12
Closing ceremony
October 27
Officially opened by
President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
Athlete's Oath
Pablo Garrido
Olympic Torch
Norma Enriqueta Basilio de Sotelo
Stadium
Estadio Olímpico Universitario
Summer
< Tokyo 1964
Munich 1972 >
Winter
< Grenoble 1968
Sapporo 1972 >
The 1968 Summer Olympics (Spanish: Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968), officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City, Mexico, in October 1968.
These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country. They were also the first Games to use an all-weather (smooth) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track.
The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year, after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo. The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government's repression.
Contents
[hide]
1 Host city selection
2 Olympic torch relay
3 Highlights
4 Controversies
4.1 South Africa
4.2 Tlatelolco massacre
4.3 Black Power salute
4.4 Vera Cáslavská
5 Venues
6 Medals awarded
6.1 Demonstration sports
7 Calendar
8 Participating National Olympic Committees
9 Boycotting countries
10 Medal count
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
Host city selection[edit]
Opening ceremony of the 1968 Summer Olympic Games at the Estadio Olímpico Universitario in Mexico City
On October 18, 1963, at the 60th IOC Session in Baden-Baden, West Germany, Mexico City finished ahead of bids from Detroit, Buenos Aires and Lyon to host the Games.[1]
[hide]1968 Summer Olympics bidding result[2]
City
Country
Round 1
Mexico City Mexico 30
Detroit United States 14
Lyon France 12
Buenos Aires Argentina 2
Olympic torch relay[edit]
The 1968 torch relay recreated the route taken by Christopher Columbus to the New World, journeying from Greece through Italy and Spain to San Salvador Island, Bahamas, and then on to Mexico.[citation needed] American sculptor James Metcalf, an expatriate in Mexico, won the commission to forge the Olympic torch for the 1968 Summer Games.[3]
Highlights[edit]
Adolfo López Mateos, President of Mexico from 1958 to 1964 and first chairman of the Organization Committee of the 1968 Summer Olympics
In the medal award ceremony for the men's 200 meter race, black American athletes Tommie Smith (gold) and John Carlos (bronze) took a stand for civil rights by raising their black-gloved fists and wearing black socks in lieu of shoes. The Australian Peter Norman, who had run second, wore an American "civil rights" badge as support to them on the podium. As punishment, the IOC banned Smith and Carlos from the Olympic Games for life, and Norman was left off Australia's Olympic team in 1972.[citation needed]
American (and future professional world's champion) George Foreman won the gold medal for boxing (Heavyweight Division) by defeating Soviet Ionas Chepulis via a second-round TKO. After the victory, Foreman waved a small American flag as he bowed to the crowd.[citation needed]
The high elevation of Mexico City, at 2,240 m (7,350 ft) above sea level, influenced many of the events, particularly in track and field. No other Summer Olympic Games before or since have been held at high elevation. Although a performance reducer for endurance athletes, the thin air contributed to many record-setting jumps, leaps, vaults, and throws, as well as all of the men's track events of 400 meters and less. As a reminder of this fact, one of the promotional articles of these Olympics was a small metallic box labeled "Aire de México" (Air of Mexico), that was "Especial para batir récords" (Special for breaking records).[citation needed]
In addition to high elevation, this was the first Olympics to use a synthetic all-weather surface for track and field events; the "Tartan" surface was originally developed by 3M for horse racing, but did not catch on. The tracks at previous Olympics were conventional cinder.[citation needed]
For the first time, East and West Germany competed as separate teams, after being forced by the IOC to compete as a combined German team in 1956, 1960, and 1964. Beethoven's Ode to Joy was played when East and West Germany arrived in the stadium.[citation needed]
Al Oerter of the U.S. won his fourth consecutive gold medal in the discus to become only the second athlete to achieve this feat in an individual event, and the first in track & field (athletics).[4]
Bob Beamon of the U.S. leapt 8.90 m (29.2 ft) in the long jump, an incredible 55 cm (22 in) improvement over the previous world record. It remained the Olympic record and stood as the world record for 23 years, until broken by American Mike Powell in 1991. American athletes Jim Hines, Tommie Smith and Lee Evans also set long-standing world records in the 100 m, 200 m and 400 m, respectively.[citation needed]
In the triple jump, the previous world record was improved five times by three different athletes. Viktor Saneev won the first of three successive gold medals in this event. He won silver in 1980.[citation needed]
Dick Fosbury of the U.S. won the gold medal in the high jump using his unconventional Fosbury flop technique, which quickly became the dominant technique in the event.[citation needed]
Věra Čáslavská of Czechoslovakia won four gold medals in gymnastics.[citation needed]
Debbie Meyer of the U.S. became the first swimmer to win three individual gold medals, in the 200, 400 and 800 m freestyle events. The 800 m was a new long-distance event for women. Meyer was only 16 years old, a student at Rio Americano High School in Sacramento, California. Meyer was the first of several American teenagers to win the 800 m.[citation needed]
American swimmer Charlie Hickcox won three gold medals (200m IM, 400m IM, 4 × 100 m medley relay) and one silver medal (100m backstroke).[5][citation needed]
The introduction of doping tests resulted in the first disqualification because of doping: Swedish pentathlete Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall was disqualified for alcohol use (he drank several beers just prior to competing).[citation needed]
John Stephen Akhwari of Tanzania became internationally famous after finishing the marathon, in last place, despite a dislocated knee.[6]
This was the first of three Olympic participations by Jacques Rogge. He competed in yachting and would later become the president of the IOC.[7]
Norma Enriqueta Basilio de Sotelo of Mexico became the first woman to light the Olympic cauldron with the Olympic flame.[citation needed]
It was the first games at which there was a significant African presence in men's distance running. Africans won at least one medal in all running events from 800 meters to the marathon, and in so doing they set a trend for future games. Most of these runners came from high-altitude areas of countries like Kenya and Ethiopia, and they were well-prepared for the 2240 m elevation of Mexico City.[citation needed]
It was the first Olympic games in which the closing ceremony was transmitted in color to the world, as well as the events themselves.[8]
Controversies[edit]
South Africa[edit]
Main article: Apartheid South Africa and the Olympics § 1965–68
South Africa was provisionally invited to the Games, on the understanding that all segregation and discrimination in sport would be eliminated by the 1972 Games. However, African countries and black American athletes promised to boycott the Games if South Africa was present, and Eastern Bloc countries threatened to do likewise. In April 1968 the IOC conceded that "it would be most unwise for South Africa to participate".[9]
Tlatelolco massacre[edit]
Main article: Tlatelolco massacre
Responding to growing social unrest and protests, the government of Mexico had increased economic and political suppression, against labor unions in particular, in the decade building up to the Olympics. A series of protest marches in the city in August gathered significant attendance, with an estimated 500,000 taking part on August 27. President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz ordered the occupation[by whom?] of the National Autonomous University of Mexico in September, but protests continued. Using the prominence brought by the Olympics, students gathered in Plaza de las Tres Culturas in Tlatelolco to call for greater civil and democratic rights and showed disdain for the Olympics with slogans such as ¡No queremos olimpiadas, queremos revolución! ("We don't want Olympics, we want revolution!").[10][11]
Ten days before the start of the Olympics, the government ordered the gathering in Plaza de las Tres Culturas to be broken up. Some 5000 soldiers and 200 tankettes surrounded the plaza. Hundreds of protesters and civilians were killed and over 1000 were arrested. At the time, the event was portrayed in the national media as the military suppression of a violent student uprising, but later analysis indicates that the gathering was peaceful prior to the army's advance.[12][13][14]
Black Power salute[edit]
Main article: 1968 Olympics Black Power salute
Gold medalist Tommie Smith (center) and bronze medalist John Carlos (right) showing the raised fist on the podium after the 200 m race
On October 16, 1968, black American sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos, the gold and bronze medalists in the men's 200-meter race, took their places on the podium for the medal ceremony wearing black socks without shoes and civil rights badges, lowered their heads and each defiantly raised a black-gloved fist as the Star Spangled Banner was played, in solidarity with the Black Freedom Movement in the United States. Both were members of the Olympic Project for Human Rights. Some people (particularly IOC president Avery Brundage) felt that a political statement had no place in the international forum of the Olympic Games. In an immediate response to their actions, Smith and Carlos were suspended from the U.S. team by Brundage and banned from the Olympic Village. Those who opposed the protest said the actions disgraced all Americans. Supporters, on the other hand, praised the men for their bravery.
Peter Norman, the Australian sprinter who came second in the 200 m race, also wore an Olympic Project for Human Rights badge during the medal ceremony. Norman was the one who suggested that Carlos and Smith wear one glove each. His actions resulted in him being ostracized by Australian media[15] and a reprimand by his country's Olympic authorities, who did not send him or any other male sprinters at all to the 1972 games (despite easily making the qualifying time).[16] When Australia hosted the 2000 Summer Olympics, he was not invited to join other Australian medallists at the opening ceremony. In 2006, after Norman died of a heart attack, Smith and Carlos were pallbearers at Norman's funeral.[17]
Vera Cáslavská[edit]
In another notable incident, while standing on the medal podium after the balance beam event final, in which Natalia Kuchinskaya of the Soviet Union had controversially taken the Gold, Czechoslovakian gymnast Věra Čáslavská quietly turned her head down and away during the playing of the Soviet national anthem. The action was Čáslavská's silent protest against the recent Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia. Her protest was repeated when she accepted her medal for her floor exercise routine when the judges changed the preliminary scores of the Soviet Larisa Petrik to tie with Čáslavská. While Čáslavská's countrymen supported her actions and her outspoken opposition to Communism (she had publicly signed and supported Ludvik Vaculik's "Two Thousand Words" manifesto), the new regime responded by banning her from both sporting events and international travel for many years, and made her an outcast from society.
Venues[edit]
Main article: Venues of the 1968 Summer Olympics
[show]Venues of the 1968 summer olympic games
Agustín Melgar Olympic Velodrome – Cycling (track)
Arena México – Boxing
Avándaro Golf Club – Equestrian (eventing)
Campo Marte – Equestrian (dressage, jumping individual)
Campo Militar 1 – Modern pentathlon (riding, running)
Club de Yates de Acapulco – Sailing
Estadio Azteca – Football (final)
Estadio Cuauhtémoc – Football preliminaries
Estadio Nou Camp – Football preliminaries
Estadio Olímpico Universitario – Athletics (also 20 km and 50 km walk), Ceremonies (opening/ closing), Equestrian (jumping team)
Fernando Montes de Oca Fencing Hall – Fencing, Modern pentathlon (fencing)
Francisco Márquez Olympic Pool – Diving, Modern pentathlon (swimming), Swimming, Water polo
Arena Insurgentes – Wrestling
Insurgentes Theatre – Weightlifting
Jalisco Stadium – Football preliminaries
Juan de la Barrera Olympic Gymnasium – Volleyball
Juan Escutia Sports Palace – Basketball, Volleyball
Municipal Stadium – Field hockey
National Auditorium – Gymnastics
Arena Revolución – Volleyball
Satellite Circuit – Cycling (individual road race, road team time trial)
University City Swimming Pool – Water polo
Vicente Suárez Shooting Range – Modern pentathlon (shooting), Shooting
Virgilio Uribe Rowing and Canoeing Course – Canoeing, Rowing
Zócalo – Athletics (marathon start)
Medals awarded[edit]
The 1968 Summer Olympic program featured 172 events in the following 18 sports:
Aquatics
Diving (4)
Swimming (29)
Water polo (1)
Athletics (36)
Basketball (1)
Boxing (11)
Canoeing (7)
Cycling
Road (2)
Track (5)
Equestrian
Dressage (2)
Eventing (2)
Jumping (2)
Fencing (8)
Football (1)
Gymnastics (14)
Field hockey (1)
Modern pentathlon (2)
Rowing (7)
Sailing (5)
Shooting (7)
Volleyball (2)
Weightlifting (7)
Wrestling
Freestyle (8)
Greco-Roman (8)
Demonstration sports[edit]
Basque pelota
Tennis
The organizers declined to hold a judo tournament at the Olympics, even though it had been a full-medal sport four years earlier. This was the last time judo was not included in the Olympic games.
Calendar[edit]
All dates are in Central Time Zone (UTC-6)
● Opening ceremony Event competitions ● Event finals ● Closing ceremony
[show]Calender of events for the 1968 summer olympic games
Date
October
12th
Sat
13th
Sun
14th
Mon
15th
Tue
16th
Wed
17th
Thu
18th
Fri
19th
Sat
20th
Sun
21st
Mon
22nd
Tue
23rd
Wed
24th
Thu
25th
Fri
26th
Sat
27th
Sun
Athletics ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
Basketball ●
Boxing ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
Canoeing ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
Cycling ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Diving ● ● ● ●
Equestrian ● ● ● ● ● ●
Fencing ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Field hockey ●
Football (soccer) ●
Gymnastics ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ●
● ● ●
Modern pentathlon ● ●
Rowing ● ● ● ●
● ● ●
Sailing ● ●
● ● ●
Shooting ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Swimming ● ● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
● ● ●
● ● ●
● ●
Volleyball ● ●
Water polo ●
Weightlifting ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
Wrestling ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
● ● ● ●
Total gold medals
2
5
6
9
13
10
17
20
14
5
12
8
16
34
1
Ceremonies ● ●
Date
12th
Sat
13th
Sun
14th
Mon
15th
Tue
16th
Wed
17th
Thu
18th
Fri
19th
Sat
20th
Sun
21st
Mon
22nd
Tue
23rd
Wed
24th
Thu
25th
Fri
26th
Sat
27th
Sun
October
Participating National Olympic Committees[edit]
East Germany and West Germany competed as separate entities for the first time in at a Summer Olympiad, and would remain so through 1988. Barbados competed for the first time as an independent country. Also competing for the first time in a Summer Olympiad were British Honduras (now Belize), Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo (as Congo-Kinshasa), El Salvador, Guinea, Honduras, Kuwait, Nicaragua, Paraguay, Sierra Leone, and the United States Virgin Islands. Singapore returned to the Games as an independent country after competing as part of the Malaysian team in 1964. Suriname and Libya actually competed for the first time (in 1960 and 1964, respectively, they took part in the Opening Ceremony, but their athletes withdrew from competition.)
Participants (debutants in blue)
Number of athletes per country
[show]Participating National Olympic Committees
Afghanistan (5)
Algeria (3)
Argentina (89)
Australia (128)
Austria (43)
Bahamas (16)
Barbados (9)
Belgium (82)
Bermuda (6)
Bolivia (4)
Brazil (76)
British Honduras (7)
Bulgaria (112)
Burma (4)
Cameroon (5)
Canada (138)
Central African Republic (1)
Ceylon (3)
Chad (3)
Chile (21)
Colombia (43)
DR Congo (5)
Costa Rica (18)
Cuba (115)
Czechoslovakia (121)
Denmark (64)
Dominican Republic (18)
Ecuador (15)
Egypt (30)
El Salvador (60)
Ethiopia (18)
Fiji (1)
Finland (66)
France (200)
East Germany (226)
West Germany (275)
Ghana (31)
Great Britain (225)
Greece (44)
Guatemala (48)
Guinea (15)
Guyana (5)
Honduras (6)
Hong Kong (11)
Hungary (167)
Iceland (8)
India (25)
Indonesia (6)
Iran (14)
Iraq (3)
Ireland (31)
Israel (29)
Italy (167)
Ivory Coast (10)
Jamaica (25)
Japan (171)
Kenya (39)
South Korea (54)
Kuwait (2)
Lebanon (11)
Libya (1)
Liechtenstein (2)
Luxembourg (5)
Madagascar (4)
Malaysia (31)
Mali (2)
Malta (1)
Mexico (275) (host)
Monaco (2)
Mongolia (16)
Morocco (24)
Netherlands (107)
Netherlands Antilles (5)
New Zealand (52)
Nicaragua (11)
Niger (2)
Nigeria (36)
Norway (46)
Pakistan (15)
Panama (16)
Paraguay (1)
Peru (28)
Philippines (49)
Poland (177)
Portugal (20)
Puerto Rico (58)
Romania (82)
San Marino (4)
Senegal (21)
Sierra Leone (3)
Singapore (4)
Soviet Union (312)
Spain (122)
Sudan (5)
Suriname (1)
Sweden (100)
Switzerland (85)
Syria (2)
Taiwan (43)
Tanzania (4)
Thailand (41)
Trinidad and Tobago (19)
Tunisia (7)
Turkey (29)
Uganda (11)
United States (357)
Uruguay (27)
Venezuela (23)
Vietnam (9)
Virgin Islands (6)
Yugoslavia (69)
Zambia (7)
Boycotting countries[edit]
North Korea withdrew from the 1968 Games because of two incidents that strained its relations with the IOC. First, the IOC had barred North Korean track and field athletes from the 1968 Games because they had participated in the rival Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO) in 1966. Secondly, the IOC had ordered the nation to compete under the name "North Korea" in the 1968 Games, whereas the country itself would have preferred its official name: "Democratic People's Republic of Korea".[18]
Medal count[edit]
Main article: 1968 Summer Olympics medal table
These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1968 Games. Host Mexico won 3 of each color of medal.
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 United States 45 28 34 107
2 Soviet Union 29 32 30 91
3 Japan 11 7 7 25
4 Hungary 10 10 12 32
5 East Germany 9 9 7 25
6 France 7 3 5 15
7 Czechoslovakia 7 2 4 13
8 West Germany 5 11 10 26
9 Australia 5 7 5 17
10 Great Britain 5 5 3 13
15 Mexico (host nation) 3 3 3 9
See also[edit]
Olympics portal
1968 Summer Paralympics
1968 Winter Olympics
Summer Olympic Games
Olympic Games
International Olympic Committee
List of IOC country codes
1968 Olympics Black Power salute
References[edit]
Jump up ^ IOC Vote History
Jump up ^ "Past Olympic host city election results". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Dannatt, Adrian (2012-02-17). "James Metcalf: US sculptor who led a community of artists and artisans in Mexico". The Independent. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
Jump up ^ Litsky, Frank (2 October 2007). "Al Oerter, Olympic Discus Champion, Is Dead at 71". Retrieved 25 January 2017 – via Proquest Newspapers.
Jump up ^ "Mexico 1968 Swimming - Results & Videos". International Olympic Committee. 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2017-02-13.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "Count Jacques ROGGE - Comité Olympique et Interfédéral Belge, IOC Member since 1991". International Olympic Committee. 2017-01-17. Retrieved 2017-01-19.
Jump up ^ Guinness World Records - First summer Olympic Games to be televised in colour
Jump up ^ Espy, Richard (1981). The Politics of the Olympic Games: With an Epilogue, 1976-1980. University of California Press. pp. 125–8. ISBN 9780520043954. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
Jump up ^ México 1968: Las Olimpiadas 10 días después de la matanza. ADN Politico (2012-08-08). Retrieved on 2013-07-03.
Jump up ^ 1968: Student riots threaten Mexico Olympics. BBC Sport. Retrieved on 2013-07-03.
Jump up ^ Werner, Michael S., ed. Encyclopedia of Mexico: History, Society & Culture. Vol. 2 Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1997.
Jump up ^ Mexican students protest for greater democracy, 1968. Global Non-Violent Action Database. Retrieved on 2013-07-03.
Jump up ^ The Dead of Tlatelolco. The National Security Archive. Retrieved on 2013-07-03.
Jump up ^ Wise, Mike (5 October 2006). "Clenched fists, helping hand". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
Jump up ^ Frost, Caroline (17 October 2008). "The other man on the podium". BBC. Archived from the original on October 20, 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
Jump up ^ Flanagan, Martin (6 October 2006). "Olympic protest heroes praise Norman's courage". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
Jump up ^ Grasso, John; Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen (2015). "Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North Korea) (PRK)". Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement (5th ed.). Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 316. ISBN 978-1-4422-4860-1.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1968 Summer Olympics.
"Mexico 1968". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee.
"Results and Medalists". Olympic.org. International Olympic Committee.
The Politics of Hypocrisy – Mexico '68
Luis Castañeda, "Beyond Tlatelolco: Design, Media and Politics at Mexico ‘68" article in Grey Room 40 (Summer 2010)
Result of the 1968 Summer Olympics host city candidacies
An article on the American Sprinters Controversy
The program of the 1968 Mexico City Olympics
Research Guide to Latin American and Caribbean Sport at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
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[show]
v
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Venues of the 1968 Summer Olympics
Agustín Melgar Olympic Velodrome
Arena México
Avándaro Golf Club
Campo Marte
Campo Militar 1
Club de Yates de Acapulco
Estadio Azteca
Estadio Cuauhtémoc
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LCCN: n83030545
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values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 3000 metres steeplechase

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's pole vault

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's javelin throw

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 20 kilometres walk

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 400 metres

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's pentathlon

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 5000 metres

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 110 metres hurdles

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's hammer throw

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 50 kilometres walk

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's high jump

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metres

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metres

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 80 metres hurdles

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's discus throw

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's decathlon

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metres relay

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay

values: Athletics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's shot put

values: Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's C-1 1000 metres

values: Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's C-2 1000 metres

values: Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's K-1 1000 metres

values: Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's K-2 1000 metres

values: Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's K-4 1000 metres

values: Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's K-1 500 metres

values: Canoeing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's K-2 500 metres

values: Cycling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's team time trial

values: Cycling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 1000m time trial

values: Cycling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's individual pursuit

values: Cycling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's sprint

values: Cycling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's tandem

values: Cycling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's team pursuit

values: Cycling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's individual road race

values: Diving at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 3 metre springboard

values: Diving at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 3 metre springboard

values: Diving at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 10 metre platform

values: Diving at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 10 metre platform

values: Equestrian at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Individual eventing (page does not exist)

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values: Fencing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's foil

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values: Fencing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's team foil

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values: Fencing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's team foil

values: Fencing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's team épée

values: Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic individual all-around

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values: Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's balance beam

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values: Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's vault

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values: Rowing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's single sculls

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values: Rowing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's coxless four

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values: Rowing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's eight

values: Sailing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – 5.5 Metre

values: Sailing at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Dragon

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values: Shooting at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Trap

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values: Shooting at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Skeet

values: Shooting at the 1968 Summer Olympics – 25 metre rapid fire pistol

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values: Swimming at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre medley relay

values: Swimming at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre freestyle

values: Swimming at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre breaststroke

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values: Swimming at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metre butterfly

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values: Swimming at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre backstroke

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values: Swimming at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metre freestyle

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values: Swimming at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay

values: Volleyball at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's volleyball

values: Volleyball at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's volleyball (page does not exist)

values: Weightlifting at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 56 kg (page does not exist)

values: Weightlifting at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 60 kg (page does not exist)

values: Weightlifting at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 67.5 kg (page does not exist)

values: Weightlifting at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 75 kg (page does not exist)

values: Weightlifting at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 82.5 kg (page does not exist)

values: Weightlifting at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's 90 kg (page does not exist)

values: Weightlifting at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's +90 kg (page does not exist)

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 52 kg

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 57 kg

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 63 kg

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 70 kg

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 78 kg

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 87 kg (page does not exist)

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle 97 kg (page does not exist)

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's freestyle +97 kg (page does not exist)

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 52 kg

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 57 kg

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 63 kg

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 70 kg (page does not exist)

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 79 kg (page does not exist)

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 87 kg (page does not exist)

values: Wrestling at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Men's Greco-Roman 97 kg (page does not exist)

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values: 1968 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony (page does not exist)

values: 1968 Summer Olympics closing ceremony (page does not exist)

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values: Category:Nations at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: British Honduras at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Central African Republic at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Czechoslovakia at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Dominican Republic at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: East Germany at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: West Germany at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Great Britain at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Liechtenstein at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Netherlands Antilles at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Sierra Leone at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Soviet Union at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Republic of China at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Trinidad and Tobago at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: United States at the 1968 Summer Olympics

values: Virgin Islands at the 1968 Summer Olympics

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values: الألعاب الأولمبية الصيفية 1968 – Arabic

values: Chuegos Olimpicos de Mexico 1968 – Aragonese

values: 1968 Yay Olimpiya Oyunları – Azerbaijani

values: Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1968 – Belarusian

values: Летнія Алімпійскія гульні 1968 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Летни олимпийски игри 1968 – Bulgarian

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values: 1968. aasta suveolümpiamängud – Estonian

values: Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 1968 – Greek

values: Juegos Olímpicos de México 1968 – Spanish

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: بازی‌های المپیک تابستانی ۱۹۶۸ – Persian

values: Olympyske Simmerspullen 1968 – Western Frisian

values: Ամառային օլիմպիական խաղեր 1968 – Armenian

values: 1968 ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक – Hindi

values: XIX. Olimpijske igre - Ciudad de México 1968. – Croatian

values: אולימפיאדת מקסיקו סיטי (1968) – Hebrew

values: 1968. gada vasaras olimpiskās spēles – Latvian

values: 1968 m. vasaros olimpinės žaidynės – Lithuanian

values: 1968. évi nyári olimpiai játékok – Hungarian

values: Летни олимписки игри 1968 – Macedonian

values: १९६८ उन्हाळी ऑलिंपिक – Marathi

values: العاب اوليمبيه صيفيه 1968 – Egyptian Arabic

values: Мехикогийн олимп – Mongolian

values: 1968年メキシコシティーオリンピック – Japanese

values: Кеҥеж Олимпий модмаш - Мехико 1968 – Eastern Mari

values: Letnie Igrzyska Olimpijskie 1968 – Polish

values: Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1968 – Portuguese

values: Jocurile Olimpice de vară din 1968 – Romanian

values: Летние Олимпийские игры 1968 – Russian

values: 1968 Сайыҥҥы Олимпия оонньуулара – Sakha

values: 1968 ගිම්හාන ඔලිම්පික් – Sinhala

values: Poletne olimpijske igre 1968 – Slovenian

values: Летње олимпијске игре 1968. – Serbian

values: 1968 கோடைக்கால ஒலிம்பிக் விளையாட்டுப் போட்டிகள் – Tamil

values: Җәйге Олимпия уеннары 1968 – Tatar

values: โอลิมปิกฤดูร้อน 1968 – Thai

values: Літні Олімпійські ігри 1968 – Ukrainian

values: 1968ء گرمائی اولمپکس – Urdu

values: Djeus olimpikes d' esté di 1968 – Walloon

values: Àwọn Ìdíje Òlímpíkì Ìgbà Oru 1968 – Yoruba

values: 1968年夏季奥林匹克运动会 – Chinese

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