text:
First Council of Constantinople
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the Arian church council of Constantinople in 359, see Council of Constantinople (360).
First Council of Constantinople
Date
381
Accepted by
Roman Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Oriental Orthodoxy
Assyrian Church of the East
Previous council
First Council of Nicaea
Next council
Council of Ephesus
Convoked by
Emperor Theodosius I
President
Timothy of Alexandria, Meletius of Antioch, Gregory Nazianzus, and Nectarius of Constantinople
Attendance
150 (no representation of Western Church)
Topics
Arianism, Apollinarism, Sabellianism, Holy Spirit, successor to Meletius
Documents and statements
Nicene Creed of 381, seven canons (three disputed)
Chronological list of Ecumenical councils
9th century Byzantine manuscript illumination of I Constantinople. Homilies of St. Gregory of Nazianzus, 879-883.
Part of a series on the
Eastern Orthodox Church
Mosaic of Christ Pantocrator, Hagia Sophia
Overview
Structure
Theology (History of theology)
Liturgy
Church history
Holy Mysteries
View of salvation
View of Mary
View of icons
Background[show]
Crucifixion / Resurrection / Ascension
of Jesus
Christianity
Christian Church
Apostolic succession
Four Marks of the Church
Orthodoxy
Organization[show]
Autocephaly
Patriarchate
Ecumenical Patriarch
Episcopal polity
Clergy
Bishops
Priests
Deacons
Monasticism
Degrees of monasticism
Autocephalous jurisdictions[show]
Constantinople
Alexandria
Antioch
Jerusalem
Russia
Serbia
Romania
Bulgaria
Georgia
Cyprus
Greece
Poland
Albania
Czech lands and Slovakia
North America
Ecumenical Councils[hide]
Seven Ecumenical Councils:
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Seventh
Other important councils:
Quinisext Council
Constantinople IV
Constantinople V
Jassy
Jerusalem
History[show]
Church Fathers
Pentarchy
Byzantine Empire
Christianization of Bulgaria
Christianization of Kievan Rus'
Great Schism
Russia
Ottoman Empire
North America
Theology[show]
History of Orthodox Theology
(20th century (Neo-Palamism))
Apophaticism
Chrismation
Contemplative prayer
Essence vs. Energies
Hesychasm
Holy Trinity
Hypostatic union
Icons
Metousiosis
Mystical theology
Nicene Creed
Nepsis
Oikonomia
Ousia
Palamism
Philokalia
Phronema
Sin
Theosis
Theotokos
Differences from the Catholic Church
Opposition to the Filioque
Opposition to papal supremacy
Liturgy and worship[show]
Divine Liturgy
Divine Services
Akathist
Apolytikion
Artos
Ectenia
Euchologion
Holy Water
Iconostasis
Jesus Prayer
Kontakion
Liturgical entrances
Liturgical fans
Lity
Memorial service
Memory Eternal
Omophorion
Orthodox bowing
Orthodox marriage
Praxis
Paraklesis
Paschal greeting
Paschal Homily
Paschal troparion
Prayer rope
Prosphora
Russian bell ringing
Semantron
Sign of the cross
Sticheron
Troparion
Vestments
Use of incense
Liturgical calendar[show]
Paschal cycle
12 Great Feasts
Other feasts:
Feast of Orthodoxy
Intercession of the Theotokos
The four fasting periods:
Nativity Fast
Great Lent
Apostles' Fast
Dormition Fast
Major figures[show]
Athanasius of Alexandria
Ephrem the Syrian
Basil of Caesarea
Cyril of Jerusalem
Gregory of Nazianzus
Gregory of Nyssa
John Chrysostom
Cyril of Alexandria
John Climacus
Maximus the Confessor
John of Damascus
Theodore the Studite
Kassiani
Cyril and Methodius
Photios I of Constantinople
Gregory Palamas
Other topics[show]
Architecture
Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs
Orthodox cross
Saint titles
Statistics by country
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Oriental Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodox churches
Coptic
Ethiopian
Armenian
Syriac
Eritrean
Indian (Malankara)
Subdivisions[show]
Autonomous churches grouped by tradition:
Coptic: French
Armenian: Cilicia, Constantinople, Jerusalem
Syriac: British, Malankara Jacobite
History and theology[show]
Coptic history
Tewahedo history
Syriac history
Saint Thomas Christians
Ecumenical Councils:
First
Second
Third
Historical topics and events:
Peshitta
Tur Abdin
Miaphysitism
Monophysitism
2nd Council of Ephesus
Council of Dvin
Council of Capharthutha
Coonan Cross Oath
Liturgy and practices[show]
Apostolic Church-Ordinance
Armenian calendar
Coptic calendar
Coptic fasting
Coptic monasticism
Coptic saints
Debtera
Ethiopian chant
Fast of Nineveh
Holy Qurbana
Tabot
Timkat
Major figures[show]
Abgar V
Nine Saints of Ethiopia
Gregory the Illuminator
Tiridates III
Mar Awgin
Ezana of Axum
Frumentius
Shenoute
Dioscorus of Alexandria
Severus of Antioch
Abraham of Farshut
Yared
Simon the Tanner
Gregory of Narek
Nerses IV
Michael the Syrian
Bar Hebraeus
Tekle Haymanot
Giyorgis of Segla
Mar Thoma I
Gregorios Abdal Jaleel
Geevarghese Gregorios
Geevarghese Dionysius
Other topics[show]
Abuna
Catholicos
Coptic cross
Cross of St. Thomas
Ethiopian titles
Maphrian
Tewahedo biblical canon
Oriental Orthodoxy portal
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Ecumenical councils
of the Catholic Church
Renaissance depiction of the Council of Trent
Antiquity (c. 50 – 451)
Jerusalem
Nicaea I
Constantinople I
Ephesus
Chalcedon
Early Middle Ages (553–870)
Constantinople II
Constantinople III
Nicaea II
Constantinople IV
High and Late Middle Ages (1122–1517)
Lateran I
Lateran II
Lateran III
Lateran IV
Lyon I
Lyon II
Vienne
Constance
Florence
Lateran V
Modernity (1545–1965)
Trent
Vatican I
Vatican II
Catholicism portal
v
t
e
The First Council of Constantinople (Greek: Πρώτη σύνοδος της Κωνσταντινουπόλεως commonly known as Greek: Β΄ Οικουμενική, "Second Ecumenical"; Latin: Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum or Latin: Concilium Constantinopolitanum A) was a council of Christian bishops convened in Constantinople in AD 381 by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I.[1][2] This second ecumenical council, an effort to attain consensus in the church through an assembly representing all of Christendom,[3] confirmed the Nicene Creed, expanding the doctrine thereof to produce the Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed, and dealt with sundry other matters. It met from May to July 381 in the Church of Hagia Irene and was affirmed as ecumenical in 451 at the Council of Chalcedon.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
1.1 Theological context
1.2 Geopolitical context
1.3 Meletian schism
1.4 See of Constantinople
2 The proceedings
3 Canons
4 Dispute concerning the third canon
5 Aftermath
5.1 Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed
5.2 Christology
5.3 Shift of influence from Rome to Constantinople
6 Liturgical Commemorations
7 Notes
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Background[edit]
When Theodosius ascended to the imperial throne in 380, he began on a campaign to bring the Eastern Church back to Nicene Christianity. Theodosius wanted to further unify the entire empire behind the orthodox position and decided to convene a church council to resolve matters of faith and discipline.[4]:45 Gregory Nazianzus was of similar mind, wishing to unify Christianity. In the spring of 381 they convened the Second Ecumenical Council in Constantinople.
Theological context[edit]
The Council of Nicaea in 325 had not ended the Arian controversy which it had been called to clarify. Arius and his sympathizers, e.g. Eusebius of Nicomedia were admitted back into the church after ostensibly accepting the Nicene creed. Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria, the most vocal opponent of Arianism, was ultimately exiled through the machinations of Eusebius of Nicomedia. After the death of Constantine I in 337 and the accession of his Arian-leaning son Constantius II, open discussion of replacing Nicene creed itself began. Up until about 360, theological debates mainly dealt with the divinity of the Son, the second person of the Trinity. However, because the Council of Nicaea had not clarified the divinity of the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trinity, it became a topic of debate. The Macedonians denied the divinity of the Holy Spirit. This was also known as Pneumatomachianism.
Nicene Christianity also had its defenders: apart from Athanasius, the Cappadocian Fathers' Trinitarian discourse was influential in the council at Constantinople. Apollinaris of Laodicea, another pro-Nicene theologian, proved controversial. Possibly in an over-reaction to Arianism and its teaching that Christ was not God, he taught that Christ consisted of a human body and a divine mind, rejecting Christ having a human mind.[5] He was charged with confounding the persons of the Godhead, and with giving in to the heretical ways of Sabellius. Basil of Caesarea accused him of abandoning the literal sense of the scripture, and taking up wholly with the allegorical sense. His views were condemned in a Synod at Alexandria, under Athanasius of Alexandria, in 362, and later subdivided into several different heresies, the main ones of which were the Polemians and the Antidicomarianites.
Geopolitical context[edit]
Theodosius' strong commitment to Nicene Christianity involved a calculated risk because Constantinople, the imperial capital of the Eastern Empire, was solidly Arian. To complicate matters, the two leading factions of Nicene Christianity in the East, the Alexandrians and the supporters of Meletius in Antioch, were "bitterly divided ... almost to the point of complete animosity".[6]
The bishops of Alexandria and Rome had worked over a number of years to keep the see of Constantinople from stabilizing. Thus, when Gregory was selected as a candidate for the bishopric of Constantinople, both Alexandria and Rome opposed him because of his Antiochene background.
Meletian schism[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2011)
See of Constantinople[edit]
The incumbent bishop of Constantinople was Demophilus, a Homoian Arian. On his accession to the imperial throne, Theodosius offered to confirm Demophilus as bishop of the imperial city on the condition of accepting the Nicene Creed; however, Demophilus refused to abandon his Arian beliefs, and was immediately ordered to give up his churches and leave Constantinople.[7][8] After forty years under the control of Arian bishops, the churches of Constantinople were now restored to those who subscribed to the Nicene Creed; Arians were also ejected from the churches of other cities in the Eastern Roman Empire thus re-establishing Christian orthodoxy in the East.[9]
There ensued a contest to control the newly recovered see. A group led by Maximus the Cynic gained the support of Patriarch Peter of Alexandria by playing on his jealousy of the newly created see of Constantinople. They conceived a plan to install a cleric subservient to Peter as bishop of Constantinople so that Alexandria would retain the leadership of the Eastern Churches.[10] Many commentators characterize Maximus as having been proud, arrogant and ambitious. However, it is not clear the extent to which Maximus sought this position due to his own ambition or if he was merely a pawn in the power struggle.[citation needed] In any event, the plot was set into motion when, on a night when Gregory was confined by illness, the conspirators burst into the cathedral and commenced the consecration of Maximus as bishop of Constantinople. They had seated Maximus on the archiepiscopal throne and had just begun shearing away his long curls when the day dawned. The news of what was transpiring quickly spread and everybody rushed to the church. The magistrates appeared with their officers; Maximus and his consecrators were driven from the cathedral, and ultimately completed the tonsure in the tenement of a flute-player.[11]
The news of the brazen attempt to usurp the episcopal throne aroused the anger of the local populace among whom Gregory was popular. Maximus withdrew to Thessalonica to lay his cause before the emperor but met with a cold reception there. Theodosius committed the matter to Ascholius, the much respected bishop of Thessalonica, charging him to seek the counsel of Pope Damasus I.[12]
Damasus' response repudiated Maximus summarily and advised Theodosius to summon a Council of Bishops for the purpose of settling various Church issues such as the schism in Antioch and the consecration of a proper bishop for the see of Constantinople.[13] Damasus condemned the translation of bishops from one see to another and urged Theodosius to "take care that a bishop who is above reproach is chosen for that see."[14]
The proceedings[edit]
Gregory of Nazianzus presided over part of the Council
Thirty-six Pneumatomachians arrived but were denied admission to the council when they refused to accept the Nicene creed.
Since Peter, the bishop of Alexandria, was not present, the presidency over the Council was given to Meletius as bishop of Antioch.[15] The first order of business before the Council was to declare the clandestine consecration of Maximus invalid, and to confirm Theodosius' installation of Gregory Nazianzus as Bishop of Constantinople. When Meletius died shortly after the opening of the council, Gregory was selected to lead the Council.
The Egyptian and Macedonian bishops who had supported Maximus's ordination arrived late for the Council. Once there, they refused to recognise Gregory's position as head of the church of Constantinople, arguing that his transfer from the See of Sasima was canonically illegitimate because one of the canons of the Council of Nicaea had forbidden bishops to transfer from their sees.[16]:358–9
McGuckin describes Gregory as physically exhausted and worried that he was losing the confidence of the bishops and the emperor.[16]:359 Ayres goes further and asserts that Gregory quickly made himself unpopular among the bishops by supporting the losing candidate for the bishopric of Antioch and vehemently opposing any compromise with the Homoiousians.[17]:254
Rather than press his case and risk further division, Gregory decided to resign his office: "Let me be as the Prophet Jonah! I was responsible for the storm, but I would sacrifice myself for the salvation of the ship. Seize me and throw me... I was not happy when I ascended the throne, and gladly would I descend it."[18] He shocked the Council with his surprise resignation and then delivered a dramatic speech to Theodosius asking to be released from his offices. The emperor, moved by his words, applauded, commended his labor, and granted his resignation. The Council asked him to appear once more for a farewell ritual and celebratory orations. Gregory used this occasion to deliver a final address (Or. 42) and then departed.[16]:361
Nectarius, an unbaptized civil official, was chosen to succeed Gregory as president of the council.[17]:255
Canons[edit]
Seven canons, four of these doctrinal canons and three disciplinary canons, are attributed to the Council and accepted by both the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Oriental Orthodox Churches; the Roman Catholic Church accepts only the first four[19] because only the first four appear in the oldest copies and there is evidence that the last three were later additions.[20]
The first canon[19] is an important dogmatic condemnation of all shades of Arianism, and also of Macedonianism and Apollinarianism.
The second canon[19] renewed the Nicene legislation imposing upon the bishops the observance of diocesan and patriarchal limits.
The third canon reads:
"The Bishop of Constantinople, however, shall have the prerogative of honour after the Bishop of Rome because Constantinople is New Rome."[21][20][19]
The fourth canon decreed the consecration of Maximus as Bishop of Constantinople to be invalid, declaring "that [Maximus] neither was nor is a bishop, nor are they who have been ordained by him in any rank of the clergy".[19][22] This canon was directed not only against Maximus, but also against the Egyptian bishops who had conspired to consecrate him clandestinely at Constantinople, and against any subordinate ecclesiastics that he might have ordained in Egypt.[23]
The fifth canon[19] might actually have been passed the next year, 382, and is in regard to a Tome of the Western bishops, perhaps that of Pope Damasus I.
The sixth canon[19] might belong to the year 382 as well and was subsequently passed at the Quinisext Council as canon 95. It limits the ability to accuse bishops of wrongdoing.
The seventh canon[19] regards procedures for receiving certain heretics into the church.
Dispute concerning the third canon[edit]
The third canon was a first step in the rising importance of the new imperial capital, just fifty years old, and was notable in that it demoted the patriarchs of Antioch and Alexandria. Jerusalem, as the site of the first Church, retained its place of honor.
Baronius asserted that the third canon was not authentic, not in fact decreed by the council. Some medieval Greeks maintained that it did not declare supremacy of the Bishop of Rome, but the primacy; "the first among equals", similar to how they today view the Bishop of Constantinople. Throughout the next several centuries, the Western Church asserted that the Bishop of Rome had supreme authority, and by the time of the Great Schism the Roman Catholic Church based its claim to supremacy on the succession of St. Peter. When the First Council of Constantinople was approved, Rome protested the diminished honor to be afforded the bishops of Antioch and Alexandria.[citation needed] The status of these Eastern patriarchs would be brought up again by the Papal Legates at the Council of Chalcedon. Pope Leo the Great,[24] declared that this canon had never been submitted to Rome and that their lessened honor was a violation of the Nicene order. At the Fourth Council of Constantinople (869), the Roman legates[25] asserted the place of the bishop of Rome's honor over the bishop of Constantinople's. After the Great Schism of 1054, in 1215 the Fourth Lateran Council declared, in its fifth canon, that the Roman Church "by the will of God holds over all others pre-eminence of ordinary power as the mother and mistress of all the faithful".[26][27] Roman supremacy over the whole world was formally claimed by the new Latin patriarch. The Roman correctores of Gratian,[28] insert the words: "canon hic ex iis est quos apostolica Romana sedes a principio et longo post tempore non recipit" ("this canon is one of those that the Apostolic See of Rome has not accepted from the beginning and ever since").
Aftermath[edit]
It has been asserted by many that a synod was held by Pope Damasus I in the following year (382) which opposed the disciplinary canons of the Council of Constantinople, especially the third canon which placed Constantinople above Alexandria and Antioch. The synod protested against this raising of the bishop of the new imperial capital, just fifty years old, to a status higher than that of the bishops of Alexandria and Antioch, and stated that the primacy of the Roman see had not been established by a gathering of bishops but rather by Christ himself.[29][30][note 1] Thomas Shahan says that, according to Photius too, Pope Damasus approved the council, but he adds that, if any part of the council were approved by this pope, it could have been only its revision of the Nicene Creed, as was the case also when Gregory the Great recognized it as one of the four general councils, but only in its dogmatic utterances.[32]
Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed[edit]
Main article: Nicene Creed
Traditionally, the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed has been associated with the Council of Constantinople (381). It is roughly equivalent to the Nicene Creed plus two additional articles: an article on the Holy Spirit—describing Him as "the Lord, the Giver of Life, Who proceeds from the Father, Who with the Father and the Son is worshipped and glorified, and Who spoke through the prophets"—and an article about the Church, baptism, and the resurrection of the dead. (For the full text of both creeds, see Comparison between Creed of 325 and Creed of 381.)
However, scholars are not agreed on the connection between the Council of Constantinople and the Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed. Some modern scholars believe that this creed, or something close to it, was stated by the bishops at Constantinople, but not promulgated as an official act of the council. Scholars also dispute whether this creed was simply an expansion of the Creed of Nicaea, or whether it was an expansion of another traditional creed similar but not identical to the one from Nicaea.[33] In 451 CE, the Council of Chalcedon referred to this creed as "the creed ... of the 150 saintly fathers assembled in Constantinople",[34] indicating that this creed was associated with Constantinople (381) no later than 451 CE.
Christology[edit]
This council condemned Arianism which began to die out with further condemnations at a council of Aquileia by Ambrose of Milan in 381. With the discussion of Trinitarian doctrine now developed and well under agreement to orthodox and biblical understanding, the focus of discussion changed to Christology, which would be the topic of the Council of Ephesus of 431 and the Council of Chalcedon of 451.
Shift of influence from Rome to Constantinople[edit]
David Eastman cites the First Council of Constantinople as another example of the waning influence of Rome over the East. He notes that all three of the presiding bishops came from the East. Damasus had considered both Meletius and Gregory to be illegitimate bishops of their respective sees and yet, as Eastman and others point out, the Eastern bishops paid no heed to his opinions in this regard.[35]
The First Council of Constantinople (381) was the first appearance of the term 'New Rome' in connection to Constantinople. The term was employed as the grounds for giving the relatively young church of Constantinople precedence over Alexandria and Antioch ('because it is the New Rome').
Liturgical Commemorations[edit]
The 150 individuals at the council are commemorated in the Calendar of saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church on February 17.
The Eastern Orthodox Church in some places (e.g. Russia) has a feast day for the Fathers of the First Six Ecumenical Councils on the Sunday nearest to July 13[36] and on May 22.[37]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ In opposition to this view, Francis Dvornik asserts that not only did Damasus offer "no protest against the elevation of Constantinople", that change in the primacy of the major sees was effected in an "altogether friendly atmosphere." According to Dvornik, "Everyone continued to regard the Bishop of Rome as the first bishop of the Empire, and the head of the church."[31]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Socrates Scholasticus, Church History, book 5, chapters 8 & 11, puts the council in the same year as the revolt of Magnus Maximus and death of Gratian.
Jump up ^ Heather, P. J.; Matthews, John (1991). Goths in the Fourth Century. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. p. 136. ISBN 0-85323-426-4.
Jump up ^ Richard Kieckhefer (1989). "Papacy". Dictionary of the Middle Ages. ISBN 0-684-18275-0.
Jump up ^ Ruether, Rosemary Radford (1969), Gregory of Nazianzus: Rhetor and Philosopher, Oxford University Press
Jump up ^ McGrath, Alister (1998). "The Patristic Period". Historical Theology, An Introduction to the History of Christian Thought. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-20843-7.
Jump up ^ McGuckin, p. 235
Jump up ^ Onslow 1911 cites Socr. H. E. v. 7.
Jump up ^ Alban Butler (May 2006). The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints; Compiled from Original Monuments, and Other Authentic Records. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 280–. ISBN 978-1-4286-1025-5. Retrieved 22 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Onslow 1911.
Jump up ^ The Church standard. Walter N. Hering. 1906. pp. 125–. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
Jump up ^ McGuckin p. 318
Jump up ^ Venables 1911 cites Migne, Patrologia Latina xiii. pp. 366-369; Epp. 5, 5, 6.
Jump up ^ Christopher Wordsworth (bp. of Lincoln.) (1882). A Church history. Rivingtons. pp. 312–. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Joseph Marie Felix Marique (1962). Leaders of Iberean Christianity, 50-650 A.D. St. Paul Editions. p. 59. Retrieved 23 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c McGuckin
^ Jump up to: a b Lewis Ayres (3 May 2006). Nicaea and its legacy: an approach to fourth-century Trinitarian theology. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-875505-0. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
Jump up ^ PG, 37.1157–9, Carm. de vita sua, ll 1828–55.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "NPNF2-14. The Seven Ecumenical Councils | Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Ccel.org. 2005-06-01. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
^ Jump up to: a b "NPNF2-14. First Council of Constantinople | Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Retrieved 2015-08-24.
Jump up ^ "NPNF2-14. Canon III | Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Ccel.org. 2005-06-01. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
Jump up ^ Venables 1911 cites Philippe Labbe, Concilia, ii. 947, 954, 959.
Jump up ^ Carl Ullmann (1851). Gregory of Nazianzum, tr. by G.V. Cox. pp. 241–. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Ep. cvi in P.L., LIV, 1003, 1005.
Jump up ^ J. D. Mansi, XVI, 174.
Jump up ^ The Canons of the Fourth Lateran Council, 1215
Jump up ^ J. D. Mansi, XXII, 991.
Jump up ^ (1582), at dist. xxii, c. 3.
Jump up ^ Henry Chadwick (2001). The church in ancient society: from Galilee to Gregory the Great. Oxford University Press. p. 429. ISBN 978-0-19-924695-3. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Nichols, ''Rome and the Eastern Churches'' (T & T Clark 1992 ISBN 978-1-58617-282-4), pp. 202-203. Books.google.com. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
Jump up ^ Dvornik, Francis (1966). Byzantium and the Roman primacy. Fordham University Press. p. 47. Retrieved 17 October 2011. Pope Damasus offered no protest against the elevation of Constantinople, even though Alexandria had always been, in the past, in close contact with Rome. This event, which has often been considered the first conflict between Rome and Byzantium, actually took place in an altogether friendly atmosphere. Everyone continued to regard the Bishop of Rome as the first bishop of the Empire, and the head of the church.
Jump up ^ "Thomas Shahan, "First Council of Constantinople" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''". Newadvent.org. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
Jump up ^ "Encyclopædia Britannica". Retrieved November 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Tanner, Norman; Alberigo, Giuseppe, eds. (1990). Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. p. 84. ISBN 0-87840-490-2.
Jump up ^ David L. Eastman (21 March 2011). Paul the Martyr: The Cult of the Apostle in the Latin West. Society of Biblical Lit. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-58983-515-3. Retrieved 27 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Menaion — July 13" (PDF). Retrieved 25 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sunday of the Fathers of the First Six Councils". OrthodoxWiki. Retrieved 25 August 2013.
Further reading[edit]
Giuseppe Alberigo, ed., Conciliorum Oecumenicoum Generaliumque Decreta, vol. 1 (Turnhout, 2006), pp. 35–70.
Freeman, Charles (2009). AD 381: Heretics, Pagans and the Christian State. Pimlico. ISBN 1-84595-007-0.
McGuckin, John Anthony (2001). St. Gregory of Nazianzus: An Intellectual Biography. Crestwood, NY: St Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 0-88141-229-5. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
External links[edit]
Catholic Encyclopedia: First Council of Constantinople
Council of Constantinople
Council of Constantinople
[show]
v
t
e
Ecumenical councils
First seven councils
Nicaea I (325)
Constantinople I (381)
Ephesus (431)
Chalcedon (451)
Constantinople II (553)
Constantinople III (680–681)
Nicaea II (787)
Recognized by the
Catholic Church
Constantinople IV (869–870)
Lateran I (1123)
Lateran II (1139)
Lateran III (1179)
Lateran IV (1215)
Lyon I (1245)
Lyon II (1274)
Vienne (1311–1312)
Constance (1414–1418)
Basel/Florence (1431–1445)
Lateran V (1512/1517)
Trent (1545–63)
Vatican I (1869–1870)
Vatican II (1962–1965)
Partly recognized by the
Eastern Orthodox Church
Quinisext Council (692)
Constantinople IV (879–880)
Constantinople V (1341–1351)
Synod of Jassy (1642)
Synod of Jerusalem (1672)
Synod of Constantinople (1872)
See also: Great Church
Catholicism portal
Eastern Orthodoxy portal
[show]
v
t
e
History of Christianity
Centuries:1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st
Ministry of Jesus
and Apostolic Age
Jesus
Ministry
Crucifixion
Resurrection
Holy Spirit
Leadership
Apostles
Seventy disciples
Paul the Apostle
Council of Jerusalem
Great Commission
New Testament
Background
Gospels
Acts
Pauline epistles
General epistles
Revelation
Ante-Nicene Period
Judaism split
Justin Martyr
Ignatius
Persecution
Fathers
Irenaeus
Marcionism
Canon
Tertullian
Montanism
Origen
Late ancient
Constantine
Monasticism
Councils: Nicaea I
Creed
Athanasius
Arianism
Jerome
Augustine
Constantinople I
Ephesus I
Chalcedon
Eastern Christianity
Eastern Orthodoxy
Church of the East
Oriental Orthodoxy
Chrysostom
Nestorianism
Iconoclasm
Great Schism
Fall of Constantinople
Armenia
Georgia
Greece
Egypt
Syria
Ethiopia
Bulgaria
Ottoman Empire
Russia
America
Middle Ages
Pelagianism
Gregory I
Celtic
Germanic
Scandinavian
Kievan Rus'
Investiture
Anselm
Abelard
Bernard of Clairvaux
Bogomils
Cathars
Crusades
Waldensians
Inquisition
Scholasticism
Dominic
Francis
Bonaventure
Aquinas
Wycliffe
Avignon
Papal Schism
Bohemian Reformation
Hus
Conciliarism
Catholicism
Primacy development
Papacy
Timeline
Lateran IV
Trent
Counter-Reformation
Thomas More
Leo X
Guadalupe
Jesuits
Jansenists
Xavier
Monastery dissolution
Wars
Teresa
Vatican I and II
Modernism
Reformation
Protestantism
Erasmus
Five solae
Eucharist
Calvinist–Arminian debate
Arminianism
Dort
Wars
Lutheranism
Martin Luther
95 Theses
Diet of Worms
Melanchthon
Orthodoxy
Eucharist
Book of Concord
Calvinism
Zwingli
Calvin
Presbyterianism
Scotland
Knox
TULIP
Dort
Three Forms of Unity
Westminster
Anglicanism
Timeline
Henry VIII
Cranmer
Settlement
39 Articles
Common Prayer
Puritans
Civil War
Anabaptism
Radical Reformation
Grebel
Swiss Brethren
Müntzer
Martyrs' Synod
Menno Simons
Smyth
1640–1789
Revivalism
English denominations
Baptists
Congregationalism
First Great Awakening
Methodism
Millerism
Pietism
Neo- and Old Lutherans
1789–present
Camp meeting
Holiness movement
Independent Catholic denominations
Second Great Awakening
Restoration Movement
Jehovah's Witnesses
Mormonism
Seventh-day Adventist
Adventism
Third Great Awakening
Azusa Revival
Fundamentalism
Ecumenism
Evangelicalism
Jesus movement
Mainline Protestant
Pentecostalism
Charismatics
Liberation theology
Christian right
Christian left
Genocide by ISIL
Timeline
Missions Timeline
Martyrs
Theology
Eastern Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodoxy
Protestantism
Catholicism
[show]
v
t
e
History of the Catholic Church
General
History of the Catholic Church
By country or region
History of the Papacy
Timeline of the Catholic Church
Catholic Ecumenical Councils
History of the Roman Curia
Catholic Church art
Religious institutes
Christian monasticism
Papal States
Role of Christianity in civilization
Church beginnings,
Great Church
Jesus
Apostles
Saint Peter
Paul the Apostle
Saint Stephen
John the Apostle
Great Commission
Council of Jerusalem
Apostolic Age
Apostolic Fathers
Ignatius of Antioch
Irenaeus
Pope Victor I
Tertullian
Constantine to
Pope Gregory I
Constantine the Great and Christianity
Arianism
Archbasilica of St. John Lateran
First Council of Nicaea
Pope Sylvester I
First Council of Constantinople
Biblical canon
Jerome
Vulgate
Council of Ephesus
Council of Chalcedon
Benedict of Nursia
Second Council of Constantinople
Pope Gregory I
Gregorian chant
Early Middle Ages
Third Council of Constantinople
Saint Boniface
Byzantine Iconoclasm
Second Council of Nicaea
Charlemagne
Pope Leo III
Fourth Council of Constantinople
East–West Schism
High Middle Ages
Pope Urban II
Investiture Controversy
Crusades
First Council of the Lateran
Second Council of the Lateran
Third Council of the Lateran
Pope Innocent III
Latin Empire
Francis of Assisi
Fourth Council of the Lateran
Inquisition
First Council of Lyon
Second Council of Lyon
Bernard of Clairvaux
Thomas Aquinas
Late Middle Ages
Pope Boniface VIII
Avignon Papacy
Pope Clement V
Council of Vienne
Knights Templar
Catherine of Siena
Pope Alexander VI
Reformation
Counter-Reformation
Reformation
Counter-Reformation
Thomas More
Pope Leo X
Society of Jesus
Ignatius of Loyola
Francis Xavier
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Council of Trent
Pope Pius V
Tridentine Mass
Teresa of Ávila
John of the Cross
Philip Neri
Robert Bellarmine
Baroque Period to the
French Revolution
Pope Innocent XI
Pope Benedict XIV
Suppression of the Society of Jesus
Anti-clericalism
Pope Pius VI
Shimabara Rebellion
Edict of Nantes
Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution
19th century
Pope Pius VII
Pope Pius IX
Dogma of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary
Our Lady of La Salette
Our Lady of Lourdes
First Vatican Council
Papal infallibility
Pope Leo XIII
Mary of the Divine Heart
Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart
Rerum novarum
20th century
Pope Pius X
Our Lady of Fátima
Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII
Pope Pius XII
Pope Pius XII Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary
Dogma of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary
Lateran Treaty
Pope John XXIII
Second Vatican Council
Pope Paul VI
Pope John Paul I
Pope John Paul II
World Youth Day
1995
2000
21st century
Catholic Church sexual abuse cases
Pope Benedict XVI
World Youth Day
2002
2005
2008
2011
2013
2016
Pope Francis
Pope portal
Vatican City portal
Catholicism portal
Catholicism portal
Christianity portal
Eastern Christianity portal
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 242527321
GND: 4032373-0
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Council_of_Constantinople&oldid=802645780"
Categories:
380s in the Byzantine Empire
4th-century Christian church councils
Church councils accepted by the Eastern Orthodox Church
Church Councils accepted by Oriental Orthodoxy
Church councils accepted by the Roman Catholic Church
Church councils accepted by the Assyrian Church of the East
Church councils in Constantinople
Theodosian dynasty
First seven Ecumenical Councils
Trinitarianism
381
Hidden categories:
Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text
Articles containing Latin-language text
Articles to be expanded from October 2011
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikisource
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Беларуская
Български
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Kiswahili
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
مصرى
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Shqip
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 September 2017, at 14:53.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: td

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic Church

value: li

values:
/wiki/Timothy_of_Alexandria
mw-redirect
Timothy of Alexandria

values:
/wiki/Gregory_Nazianzus
mw-redirect
Gregory Nazianzus

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Christ Pantocrator (Deesis mosaic detail)

values: History of Eastern Orthodox Christian theology

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values:
/wiki/Orthodox_Church_organization
mw-redirect
Orthodox Church organization

values: Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople

values: Orthodox Autocephalous Church of Albania

values: Fourth Council of Constantinople (Eastern Orthodox)

values: History of the Eastern Orthodox Church under the Ottoman Empire

values: History of the Eastern Orthodox Church in North America

values: History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century

values: Essence–energies distinction (Eastern Orthodox theology)

values:
/wiki/Holy_Trinity
mw-redirect
Holy Trinity

values: Theological differences between the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church

values: Eastern Orthodox teaching regarding the Filioque

values: Eastern Orthodox opposition to papal supremacy

values:
/wiki/Template:Eastern_Orthodox_sidebar
mw-redirect
Template:Eastern Orthodox sidebar

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/File:ChristCopticArt.jpg
image
Coptic icon of Jesus Christ

values: Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church

values: Calendar of saints (Armenian Apostolic Church)

values: Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria

values:
/wiki/Coptic_saints
mw-redirect
Coptic saints

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.1em;

values:
/wiki/Catholic_Ecumenical_Councils
mw-redirect
Catholic Ecumenical Councils

values: A Renaissance print depicting the Council of Trent

values: Fourth Council of Constantinople (Roman Catholic)

values: Template talk:Catholic Ecumenical Councils

values:
/wiki/Latin_language
mw-redirect
Latin language

values:
/wiki/Roman_Emperors
mw-redirect
Roman Emperors

values:
/wiki/Constantine_I
mw-redirect
Constantine I

values:
/wiki/Macedonians_(religious_group)
mw-redirect
Macedonians (religious group)

values:
/wiki/Godhead_(Christianity)
mw-redirect
Godhead (Christianity)

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2011)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Bishop_of_Thessalonica
mw-redirect
Bishop of Thessalonica

values:
/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy
mw-redirect
Eastern Orthodoxy

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic

values:
/wiki/Bishop_of_Rome
mw-redirect
Bishop of Rome

values:
/wiki/Bishop_of_Constantinople
mw-redirect
Bishop of Constantinople

values: Edit section: Dispute concerning the third canon

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2015)

values:
/wiki/Papal_Legate
mw-redirect
Papal Legate

values:
/wiki/Pope_Leo_the_Great
mw-redirect
Pope Leo the Great

values:
/wiki/Fourth_Lateran_Council
mw-redirect
Fourth Lateran Council

values: Edit section: Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed

values:
/wiki/Ambrose_of_Milan
mw-redirect
Ambrose of Milan

values:
/wiki/First_Council_of_Ephesus
mw-redirect
First Council of Ephesus

values: Edit section: Shift of influence from Rome to Constantinople

values: Calendar of Saints (Armenian Apostolic Church)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Socrates_Scholasticus
mw-redirect
Socrates Scholasticus

values:
/wiki/Philippe_Labbe
mw-redirect
Philippe Labbe

values:
/wiki/J._D._Mansi
mw-redirect
J. D. Mansi

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Portal:Eastern_Orthodoxy
mw-redirect
Portal:Eastern Orthodoxy

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Historical background of the New Testament

values: The Nicene Creed at the First Council of Nicaea

values:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire

values: Timeline of Eastern Orthodoxy in America

values: History of Christianity during the Middle Ages

values: Historical development of the doctrine of papal primacy

values: History of the Calvinist–Arminian debate

values: History of the Latter Day Saint movement

values: History of the Seventh-day Adventist Church

values:
navbox-abovebelow
3
background:#F5DEB3;;font-size: smaller;

values: Template talk:History of the Catholic Church

values:
col
navbox-title
3
background-color: gold

values:
row
navbox-group
background-color: gold;width:1%

values: Category:History of Catholicism by country

values:
navbox-image
11
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Prayer of Consecration to the Sacred Heart

values: Persecutions of the Catholic Church and Pius XII

values:
navbox-abovebelow hlist
3
background-color: gold

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/242527321

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4032373-0

values: Category:4th-century Christian church councils

values: Category:Church councils accepted by the Eastern Orthodox Church

values: Category:Church Councils accepted by Oriental Orthodoxy

values: Category:Church councils accepted by the Roman Catholic Church

values: Category:Church councils accepted by the Assyrian Church of the East

values: Category:Church councils in Constantinople

values: Category:First seven Ecumenical Councils

values: Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Latin-language text

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from October 2011

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2011

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/First_Council_of_Constantinople
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: Eerste Konsilie van Konstantinopel – Afrikaans

values: مجمع القسطنطينية الأول – Arabic

values: Birinci Konstantinopol Kilsə Məclisi – Azerbaijani

values: Першы Канстанцінопальскі сабор – Belarusian

values: Втори вселенски събор – Bulgarian

values: Primer Concili de Constantinoble – Catalan

values: Erstes Konzil von Konstantinopel – German

values: Konstantinoopoli I kirikukogu – Estonian

values: Πρώτη Σύνοδος της Κωνσταντινούπολης – Greek

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Unua koncilio de Konstantinopolo – Esperanto

values: شورای قسطنطنیه – Persian

values: Premier concile de Constantinople – French

values: 제1차 콘스탄티노폴리스 공의회 – Korean

values: Կոստանդնուպոլսի Բ տիեզերական ժողով – Armenian

values: ועידת קונסטנטינופוליס הראשונה – Hebrew

values: კონსტანტინოპოლის პირველი საეკლესიო კრება – Georgian

values: Mtaguso wa kwanza wa Konstantinopoli – Swahili

values: Concilium Constantinopolitanum Primum – Latin

values: Pirmais Konstantinopoles koncils – Latvian

values: Konstantinopolio I susirinkimas – Lithuanian

values: Első konstantinápolyi zsinat – Hungarian

values: Втор вселенски собор – Macedonian

values: مجمع القسطنطينيه الاول – Egyptian Arabic

values: 第1コンスタンティノポリス公会議 – Japanese

values: Første konsil i Konstantinopel – Norwegian

values: Primeiro Concílio de Constantinopla – Portuguese

values: Primul conciliu de la Constantinopol – Romanian

values: Первый Константинопольский собор – Russian

values: Këshilli i Parë i Konstantinopolit – Albanian

values: Prvi koncil v Konstantinoplu – Slovenian

values: Други васељенски сабор – Serbian

values: Konstantinopolin ensimmäinen kirkolliskokous – Finnish

values: Första konciliet i Konstantinopel – Swedish

values: Unang Konsilyo ng Constantinople – Tagalog

values: Birinci Konstantinopolis Konsili – Turkish

values: Перший Константинопольський собор – Ukrainian

values: Công đồng Constantinopolis I – Vietnamese

values: 第一次君士坦丁堡公會議 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-First_Council_of_Constantinople rootpage-First_Council_of_Constantinople skin-vector action-view