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Pragmatics
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This article is about the subfield of linguistics. For other uses, see Pragmatic.
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Pragmatics is a subfield of linguistics and semiotics that studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. Pragmatics encompasses speech act theory, conversational implicature, talk in interaction and other approaches to language behavior in philosophy, sociology, linguistics and anthropology.[1] Unlike semantics, which examines meaning that is conventional or "coded" in a given language, pragmatics studies how the transmission of meaning depends not only on structural and linguistic knowledge (e.g., grammar, lexicon, etc.) of the speaker and listener, but also on the context of the utterance,[2] any pre-existing knowledge about those involved, the inferred intent of the speaker, and other factors.[3] In this respect, pragmatics explains how language users are able to overcome apparent ambiguity, since meaning relies on the manner, place, time, etc. of an utterance.[1][4]
The ability to understand another speaker's intended meaning is called pragmatic competence.[5][6][7]
Contents
[hide]
1 Ambiguity
2 Etymology
3 Origins of the field
4 Areas of interest
5 Referential uses of language
6 Non-referential uses of language
6.1 Silverstein's "pure" indexes
6.2 The performative
6.3 Jakobson's six functions of language
7 Related fields
8 Formalization
9 In literary theory
10 Significant works
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
14 External links
Ambiguity[edit]
Main article: Ambiguity
The sentence "You have a green light" is ambiguous. Without knowing the context, the identity of the speaker or the speaker's intent, it is difficult to infer the meaning with certainty. For example, it could mean:
the space that belongs to you has green ambient lighting;
you are driving through a green traffic signal;
you no longer have to wait to continue driving;
you are permitted to proceed in a non-driving context;
your body is cast in a greenish glow; or
you possess a light bulb that is tinted green.
Similarly, the sentence "Sherlock saw the man with binoculars" could mean that Sherlock observed the man by using binoculars, or it could mean that Sherlock observed a man who was holding binoculars (syntactic ambiguity).[8] The meaning of the sentence depends on an understanding of the context and the speaker's intent. As defined in linguistics, a sentence is an abstract entity — a string of words divorced from non-linguistic context — as opposed to an utterance, which is a concrete example of a speech act in a specific context. The more closely conscious subjects stick to common words, idioms, phrasings, and topics, the more easily others can surmise their meaning; the further they stray from common expressions and topics, the wider the variations in interpretations. This suggests that sentences do not have intrinsic meaning, that there is no meaning associated with a sentence or word, and that either can only represent an idea symbolically. The cat sat on the mat is a sentence in English. If someone were to say to someone else, "The cat sat on the mat," the act is itself an utterance. This implies that a sentence, term, expression or word cannot symbolically represent a single true meaning; such meaning is underspecified (which cat sat on which mat?) and potentially ambiguous. By contrast, the meaning of an utterance can be inferred through knowledge of both its linguistic and non-linguistic contexts (which may or may not be sufficient to resolve ambiguity). In mathematics, with Berry's paradox, there arises a similar systematic ambiguity with the word "definable".
Etymology[edit]
The word pragmatics derives via Latin pragmaticus from the Greek πραγματικός (pragmatikos), meaning amongst others "fit for action",[9] which comes from πρᾶγμα (pragma), "deed, act",[10] and that from πράσσω (prassō), "to pass over, to practise, to achieve".[11]
Origins of the field[edit]
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Pragmatics was a reaction to structuralist linguistics as outlined by Ferdinand de Saussure. In many cases, it expanded upon his idea that language has an analyzable structure, composed of parts that can be defined in relation to others. Pragmatics first engaged only in synchronic study, as opposed to examining the historical development of language. However, it rejected the notion that all meaning comes from signs existing purely in the abstract space of langue. Meanwhile, historical pragmatics has also come into being. This field only gained linguists' attention in the 70s. This is when two different schools emerged; notably the Anglo-American pragmatic thought and the European continental pragmatic thought (also called the perspective view).[12]
Areas of interest[edit]
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The study of the speaker's meaning, not focusing on the phonetic or grammatical form of an utterance, but instead on what the speaker's intentions and beliefs are.
The study of the meaning in context, and the influence that a given context can have on the message. It requires knowledge of the speaker's identities, and the place and time of the utterance.
The study of implicatures, i.e. the things that are communicated even though they are not explicitly expressed.[13]
The study of relative distance, both social and physical, between speakers in order to understand what determines the choice of what is said and what is not said.
The study of what is not meant, as opposed to the intended meaning, i.e. that which is unsaid and unintended, or unintentional.
Information structure, the study of how utterances are marked in order to efficiently manage the common ground of referred entities between speaker and hearer
Formal Pragmatics, the study of those aspects of meaning and use for which context of use is an important factor, by using the methods and goals of formal semantics.
Referential uses of language[edit]
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When we speak of the referential uses of language we are talking about how we use signs to refer to certain items. Below is an explanation of, first, what a sign is, second, how meanings are accomplished through its usage.
A sign is the link or relationship between a signified and the signifier as defined by Saussure and Huguenin. The signified is some entity or concept in the world. The signifier represents the signified. An example would be:
Signified: the concept cat
Signifier: the word "cat"
The relationship between the two gives the sign meaning. This relationship can be further explained by considering what we mean by "meaning." In pragmatics, there are two different types of meaning to consider: semantico-referential meaning and indexical meaning. Semantico-referential meaning refers to the aspect of meaning, which describes events in the world that are independent of the circumstance they are uttered in. An example would be propositions such as:
"Santa Claus eats cookies."
In this case, the proposition is describing that Santa Claus eats cookies. The meaning of this proposition does not rely on whether or not Santa Claus is eating cookies at the time of its utterance. Santa Claus could be eating cookies at any time and the meaning of the proposition would remain the same. The meaning is simply describing something that is the case in the world. In contrast, the proposition, "Santa Claus is eating a cookie right now," describes events that are happening at the time the proposition is uttered.
Semantico-referential meaning is also present in meta-semantical statements such as:
Tiger: carnivorous, a mammal
If someone were to say that a tiger is a carnivorous animal in one context and a mammal in another, the definition of tiger would still be the same. The meaning of the sign tiger is describing some animal in the world, which does not change in either circumstance.
Indexical meaning, on the other hand, is dependent on the context of the utterance and has rules of use. By rules of use, it is meant that indexicals can tell you when they are used, but not what they actually mean.
Example: "I"
Whom "I" refers to depends on the context and the person uttering it.
As mentioned, these meanings are brought about through the relationship between the signified and the signifier. One way to define the relationship is by placing signs in two categories: referential indexical signs, also called "shifters," and pure indexical signs.
Referential indexical signs are signs where the meaning shifts depending on the context hence the nickname "shifters." 'I' would be considered a referential indexical sign. The referential aspect of its meaning would be '1st person singular' while the indexical aspect would be the person who is speaking (refer above for definitions of semantico-referential and indexical meaning). Another example would be:
"This"
Referential: singular count
Indexical: Close by
A pure indexical sign does not contribute to the meaning of the propositions at all. It is an example of a "non-referential use of language."
A second way to define the signified and signifier relationship is C.S. Peirce's Peircean Trichotomy. The components of the trichotomy are the following:
1. Icon: the signified resembles the signifier (signified: a dog's barking noise, signifier: bow-wow)
2. Index: the signified and signifier are linked by proximity or the signifier has meaning only because it is pointing to the signified
3. Symbol: the signified and signifier are arbitrarily linked (signified: a cat, signifier: the word cat)
These relationships allow us to use signs to convey what we want to say. If two people were in a room and one of them wanted to refer to a characteristic of a chair in the room he would say "this chair has four legs" instead of "a chair has four legs." The former relies on context (indexical and referential meaning) by referring to a chair specifically in the room at that moment while the latter is independent of the context (semantico-referential meaning), meaning the concept chair.
Non-referential uses of language[edit]
Silverstein's "pure" indexes[edit]
Michael Silverstein has argued that "nonreferential" or "pure" indices do not contribute to an utterance's referential meaning but instead "signal some particular value of one or more contextual variables."[14] Although nonreferential indexes are devoid of semantico-referential meaning, they do encode "pragmatic" meaning.
The sorts of contexts that such indexes can mark are varied. Examples include:
Sex indexes are affixes or inflections that index the sex of the speaker, e.g. the verb forms of female Koasati speakers take the suffix "-s".
Deference indexes are words that signal social differences (usually related to status or age) between the speaker and the addressee. The most common example of a deference index is the V form in a language with a T-V distinction, the widespread phenomenon in which there are multiple second-person pronouns that correspond to the addressee's relative status or familiarity to the speaker. Honorifics are another common form of deference index and demonstrate the speaker's respect or esteem for the addressee via special forms of address and/or self-humbling first-person pronouns.
An Affinal taboo index is an example of avoidance speech that produces and reinforces sociological distance, as seen in the Aboriginal Dyirbal language of Australia. In this language and some others, there is a social taboo against the use of the everyday lexicon in the presence of certain relatives (mother-in-law, child-in-law, paternal aunt's child, and maternal uncle's child). If any of those relatives are present, a Dyirbal speaker has to switch to a completely separate lexicon reserved for that purpose.
In all of these cases, the semantico-referential meaning of the utterances is unchanged from that of the other possible (but often impermissible) forms, but the pragmatic meaning is vastly different.
The performative[edit]
Main articles: Performative utterance and Speech act theory
J.L. Austin introduced the concept of the performative, contrasted in his writing with "constative" (i.e. descriptive) utterances. According to Austin's original formulation, a performative is a type of utterance characterized by two distinctive features:
It is not truth-evaluable (i.e. it is neither true nor false)
Its uttering performs an action rather than simply describing one
Examples:
"I hereby pronounce you man and wife."
"I accept your apology."
"This meeting is now adjourned."
To be performative, an utterance must conform to various conditions involving what Austin calls felicity. These deal with things like appropriate context and the speaker's authority. For instance, when a couple has been arguing and the husband says to his wife that he accepts her apology even though she has offered nothing approaching an apology, his assertion is infelicitous—because she has made neither expression of regret nor request for forgiveness, there exists none to accept, and thus no act of accepting can possibly happen.
Jakobson's six functions of language[edit]
Main article: Jakobson's functions of language
The six factors of an effective verbal communication. To each one corresponds a communication function (not displayed in this picture).[15]
Roman Jakobson, expanding on the work of Karl Bühler, described six "constitutive factors" of a speech event, each of which represents the privileging of a corresponding function, and only one of which is the referential (which corresponds to the context of the speech event). The six constitutive factors and their corresponding functions are diagrammed below.
The six constitutive factors of a speech event
Context
Message
Addresser---------------------Addressee
Contact
Code

The six functions of language
Referential
Poetic
Emotive-----------------------Conative
Phatic
Metalingual
The Referential Function corresponds to the factor of Context and describes a situation, object or mental state. The descriptive statements of the referential function can consist of both definite descriptions and deictic words, e.g. "The autumn leaves have all fallen now."
The Expressive (alternatively called "emotive" or "affective") Function relates to the Addresser and is best exemplified by interjections and other sound changes that do not alter the denotative meaning of an utterance but do add information about the Addresser's (speaker's) internal state, e.g. "Wow, what a view!"
The Conative Function engages the Addressee directly and is best illustrated by vocatives and imperatives, e.g. "Tom! Come inside and eat!"
The Poetic Function focuses on "the message for its own sake"[16] and is the operative function in poetry as well as slogans.
The Phatic Function is language for the sake of interaction and is therefore associated with the Contact factor. The Phatic Function can be observed in greetings and casual discussions of the weather, particularly with strangers.
The Metalingual (alternatively called "metalinguistic" or "reflexive") Function is the use of language (what Jakobson calls "Code") to discuss or describe itself.
Related fields[edit]
There is considerable overlap between pragmatics and sociolinguistics, since both share an interest in linguistic meaning as determined by usage in a speech community. However, sociolinguists tend to be more interested in variations in language within such communities.
Pragmatics helps anthropologists relate elements of language to broader social phenomena; it thus pervades the field of linguistic anthropology. Because pragmatics describes generally the forces in play for a given utterance, it includes the study of power, gender, race, identity, and their interactions with individual speech acts. For example, the study of code switching directly relates to pragmatics, since a switch in code effects a shift in pragmatic force.[16]
According to Charles W. Morris, pragmatics tries to understand the relationship between signs and their users, while semantics tends to focus on the actual objects or ideas to which a word refers, and syntax (or "syntactics") examines relationships among signs or symbols. Semantics is the literal meaning of an idea whereas pragmatics is the implied meaning of the given idea.
Speech Act Theory, pioneered by J.L. Austin and further developed by John Searle, centers around the idea of the performative, a type of utterance that performs the very action it describes. Speech Act Theory's examination of Illocutionary Acts has many of the same goals as pragmatics, as outlined above.
Computational Pragmatics, as defined by Victoria Fromkin, concerns how humans can communicate their intentions to computers with as little ambiguity as possible. [17] This process, integral to the science of Natural language processing, involves providing a computer system with some database of knowledge related to a topic and a series of algorithms which control how the system responds to incoming data, using contextual knowledge to more accurately approximate natural human language and information processing abilities. Reference resolution, how a computer determines when two objects are different or not, is one of the most important tasks of computational pragmatics.
Formalization[edit]
There has been a great amount of discussion on the boundary between semantics and pragmatics [18] and there are many different formalizations of aspects of pragmatics linked to context dependence. Particularly interesting cases are the discussions on the semantics of indexicals and the problem of referential descriptions, a topic developed after the theories of Keith Donnellan.[19] A proper logical theory of formal pragmatics has been developed by Carlo Dalla Pozza, according to which it is possible to connect classical semantics (treating propositional contents as true or false) and intuitionistic semantics (dealing with illocutionary forces). The presentation of a formal treatment of pragmatics appears to be a development of the Fregean idea of assertion sign as formal sign of the act of assertion.
In literary theory[edit]
Pragmatics (more specifically, Speech Act Theory's notion of the performative) underpins Judith Butler's theory of gender performativity. In Gender Trouble, she claims that gender and sex are not natural categories, but socially constructed roles produced by "reiterative acting."
In Excitable Speech she extends her theory of performativity to hate speech and censorship, arguing that censorship necessarily strengthens any discourse it tries to suppress and therefore, since the state has sole power to define hate speech legally, it is the state that makes hate speech performative.
Jacques Derrida remarked that some work done under Pragmatics aligned well with the program he outlined in his book Of Grammatology.
Émile Benveniste argued that the pronouns "I" and "you" are fundamentally distinct from other pronouns because of their role in creating the subject.
Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari discuss linguistic pragmatics in the fourth chapter of A Thousand Plateaus ("November 20, 1923--Postulates of Linguistics"). They draw three conclusions from Austin: (1) A performative utterance does not communicate information about an act second-hand—it is the act; (2) Every aspect of language ("semantics, syntactics, or even phonematics") functionally interacts with pragmatics; (3) There is no distinction between language and speech. This last conclusion attempts to refute Saussure's division between langue and parole and Chomsky's distinction between surface structure and deep structure simultaneously. [20]
Significant works[edit]
J. L. Austin's How To Do Things With Words
Paul Grice's cooperative principle and conversational maxims
Brown & Levinson's Politeness Theory
Geoffrey Leech's politeness maxims
Levinson's Presumptive Meanings
Jürgen Habermas's universal pragmatics
Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson's relevance theory
Dallin D. Oaks's Structural Ambiguity in English: An Applied Grammatical Inventory
See also[edit]
Linguistics portal
Anaphora
Charles Sanders Peirce (and also see: Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography)
Co-construction
Collapsing sequence
Deixis
Entailment
Exegesis
Formal Pragmatics
Gricean maxims
Implicature
Indexicality
Mediated Stylistics
Origo
Paul Grice
Practical reason
Presupposition
Semantics
Semiotics
Sign relation
Sitz im Leben
Speech act
Speech-Language Pathology
Stylistics (field of study)
William James
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Mey, Jacob L. (1993) Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell (2nd ed. 2001).
Jump up ^ "Meaning (Semantics and Pragmatics) | Linguistic Society of America". www.linguisticsociety.org. Retrieved 2017-08-25.
Jump up ^ Shaozhong, Liu. "What is pragmatics?". Archived from the original on 7 March 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2009.
Jump up ^ "What Is Pragmatics?". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
Jump up ^ Daejin Kim et al. (2002) "The Role of an Interactive Book Reading Program in the Development of Second Language Pragmatic Competence", The Modern Language Journal, Vol. 86, No. 3 (Autumn, 2002), pp. 332-348
Jump up ^ Masahiro Takimoto (2008) "The Effects of Deductive and Inductive Instruction on the Development of Language Learners' Pragmatic Competence", The Modern Language Journal, Vol. 92, No. 3 (Fall, 2008), pp. 369-386
Jump up ^ Dale April Koike (1989) "Pragmatic Competence and Adult L2 Acquisition: Speech Acts in Interlanguage", The Modern Language Journal, Vol. 73, No. 3 (Autumn, 1989), pp. 279-289
Jump up ^ "24.903 / 24.933 Language and its Structure III: Semantics and Pragmatics". MIT.edu. MIT OpenCourseWare, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2004. Archived from the original on April 9, 2010. Retrieved October 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ πραγματικός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
Jump up ^ πρᾶγμα, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
Jump up ^ πράσσω, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus
Jump up ^ Jucker, Andreas H (2012). "Pragmatics in the history of linguistic thought" (PDF). www.zora.uzh.ch. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-23.
Jump up ^ "What is Pragmatics? - Definition & Examples - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com". study.com. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
Jump up ^ Silverstein 1976
Jump up ^ Middleton, Richard (1990/2002). Studying Popular Music, p. 241. Philadelphia: Open University Press. ISBN 0-335-15275-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Duranti 1997
Jump up ^ Fromkin, Victoria (2014). Introduction to Language. Boston, Ma.: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. p. 508. ISBN 1133310680.
Jump up ^ see for instance F.Domaneschi. C. Penco, What is Said and What is Not, CSLI Publication, Stanford
Jump up ^ see for instance S. Neale, Descriptions, 1990
Jump up ^ Deleuze, Gilles and Félix Guattari (1987) [1980]. A Thousand Plateaus. University of Minnesota Press.
References[edit]
Austin, J. L. (1962) How to Do Things With Words. Oxford University Press.
Ariel, Mira (2008), Pragmatics and Grammar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ariel, Mira (2010). Defining Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-73203-1.
Brown, Penelope, and Stephen C. Levinson. (1978) Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge University Press.
Carston, Robyn (2002) Thoughts and Utterances: The Pragmatics of Explicit Communication. Oxford: Blackwell.
Clark, Herbert H. (1996) "Using Language". Cambridge University Press.
Cole, Peter, ed.. (1978) Pragmatics. (Syntax and Semantics, 9). New York: Academic Press.
Dijk, Teun A. van. (1977) Text and Context. Explorations in the Semantics and Pragmatics of Discourse. London: Longman.
Grice, H. Paul. (1989) Studies in the Way of Words. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press.
Laurence R. Horn and Gregory Ward. (2005) The Handbook of Pragmatics. Blackwell.
Leech, Geoffrey N. (1983) Principles of Pragmatics. London: Longman.
Levinson, Stephen C. (1983) Pragmatics. Cambridge University Press.
Levinson, Stephen C. (2000). Presumptive meanings: The theory of generalized conversational implicature. MIT Press.
Lin, G. H. C., & Perkins, L. (2005). Cross-cultural discourse of giving and accepting gifts. International Journal of Communication, 16,1-2, 103-12 (ERIC Collections in ED 503685 http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED503685.pdf)
Mey, Jacob L. (1993) Pragmatics: An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell (2nd ed. 2001).
Kepa Korta and John Perry. (2006) Pragmatics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Potts, Christopher. (2005) The Logic of Conventional Implicatures. Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Robinson, Douglas. (2003). Performative Linguistics: Speaking and Translating as Doing Things With Words. London and New York: Routledge.
Robinson, Douglas. (2006). Introducing Performative Pragmatics. London and New York: Routledge.
Sperber, Dan and Wilson, Deirdre. (2005) Pragmatics. In F. Jackson and M. Smith (eds.) Oxford Handbook of Contemporary Philosophy. OUP, Oxford, 468-501. (Also available here.)
Thomas, Jenny (1995) Meaning in Interaction: An Introduction to Pragmatics. Longman.
Verschueren, Jef. (1999) Understanding Pragmatics. London, New York: Arnold Publishers.
Verschueren, Jef, Jan-Ola Östman, Jan Blommaert, eds. (1995) Handbook of Pragmatics. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Watzlawick, Paul, Janet Helmick Beavin and Don D. Jackson (1967) Pragmatics of Human Communication: A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies, and Paradoxes. New York: Norton.
Wierzbicka, Anna (1991) Cross-cultural Pragmatics. The Semantics of Human Interaction. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter.
Yule, George (1996) Pragmatics (Oxford Introductions to Language Study). Oxford University Press.
Silverstein, Michael. 1976. "Shifters, Linguistic Categories, and Cultural Description," in Meaning and Anthropology, Basso and Selby, eds. New York: Harper & Row
Wardhaugh, Ronald. (2006). "An Introduction to Sociolinguistics". Blackwell.
Duranti, Alessandro. (1997). "Linguistic Anthropology". Cambridge University Press.
Carbaugh, Donal. (1990). "Cultural Communication and Intercultural Contact." LEA.
External links[edit]
International Pragmatics Association (IPrA)
Journal of Pragmatics
"What is Pragmatics?" (eprint) by Shaozhong Liu
European Communicative Strategies (ECSTRA), a (wiki)project in comparative pragmatics directed by Joachim Grzega.
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text:
The Client List (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Client List
Created by
Suzanne Martin
Developed by
Jordan Budde
Starring
Jennifer Love Hewitt
Loretta Devine
Colin Egglesfield
Rebecca Field
Naturi Naughton
Alicia Lagano
Kathleen York
Brian Hallisay
Laura-Leigh
Cybill Shepherd
Composer(s)
Pieter A. Schlosser
David Baerwald
Evan Frankfort
Marc Dauer
Liz Phair
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
25 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Jennifer Love Hewitt
Dannielle Thomas
Howard Braunstein
Michael Jaffe
AJ Rinella
Jordan Budde
John Tinker
John Strauss
Ed Decter
Efrem Seeger
Michael Reisz
Dannielle Thomas
Producer(s)
Barbara Nance
Cinematography
James Chressanthis
Nancy Schreiber
Editor(s)
David Crabtree
Geoffrey Rowland
Kaja Fehr
Regis Kimble
Pattye Rogers
Running time
41–43 minutes[1]
Production company(s)
Fedora Films
Jaffe-Braunstein Entertainment
Sony Pictures Television
ITV Studios America
Distributor
Sony Pictures Television
Release
Original network
Lifetime
Original release
April 8, 2012 (2012-04-08) – June 16, 2013 (2013-06-16)
External links
Website
www.mylifetime.com/shows/the-client-list
The Client List is an American television drama series based on the 2010 television film of the same name, which aired on the Lifetime network.[2] The series stars Jennifer Love Hewitt, who starred in the film,[3] though she plays a different character in a premise that is slightly different from the film. The series premiered on Sunday, April 8, 2012.[4]
Lifetime ordered an initial 10 episodes for the first season[5] and on May 7, 2012, renewed the series for a second season of 15 episodes to air March 10, 2013.[6] On November 1, 2013, Lifetime cancelled the series after two seasons.[7][8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Recurring cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Filming and premiere
4 Episodes
4.1 Series overview
4.2 Season 1 (2012)
4.3 Season 2 (2013)
5 Controversy
6 Renewal delay and show cancellation
7 Ratings
8 Awards and nominations
9 References
10 External links
Premise[edit]
The series follows Riley Parks (Jennifer Love Hewitt), who, after her husband abandons her and their children, leaving her in financial debt, accepts work at a day spa in her small Texas town, but refuses when she learns that for some clients the masseuses provide more than massages. But pressed to support her children, she relents and earns extra money through unspecified erotic services. As she deals with her children, her mother, her friends, the girls at the spa, and various men who want to romance her, Riley tries to keep her work in an erotic limbo a secret.[9]
Cast and characters[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Jennifer Love Hewitt as Riley Parks (née Campbell), the main character whose husband leaves her during a financial crisis when they risk losing their house to foreclosure. Riley is hired at The Rub as a massage therapist and soon realizes the only way to make enough money to catch up financially is to give "extras" to some of the clients. Although hesitant at first, she soon accepts this as a way to save their house and provide for her family. She has a supportive brother-in-law, Evan, who is always looking after her children when she is out and is a close friend to her. Riley and Evan soon develop a relationship, which upsets Riley's husband, Kyle, when he returns later in the series. Riley's best friend Lacey tells her that Kyle planned on leaving her after Lacey finds out the truth about the job's extra services.
Cybill Shepherd as Lynette Montgomery,[10] Riley's mother who works at a hair salon and has been married many times. She tries to look out for Riley's and her grandchildren's best interests.
Loretta Devine as Georgia Cummings-Clemens,[11] the former owner of the massage parlor, The Rub, in Sugar Land.
Colin Egglesfield as Evan Parks,[12] Riley's brother-in-law, her husband's brother, who also harbors secret feelings for her.
Rebecca Field as Lacey Jean Locklin,[13] Riley's best friend since childhood who has discovered the truth about what Riley and most of the other massage therapists do and wants her to quit.
Alicia Lagano as Selena Ramos,[14] a masseuse at the parlor, who often offers "extra services" to her clients. Selena also recommended the masseuse job to Riley. She is shown to be jealous of Riley's relationship with Georgia, who gives her extra responsibilities at the shop, and later becomes her boss. She and Evan had a brief romance, but it did not last.
Brian Hallisay as Kyle Parks (recurring role, season 1; main role, season 2), Riley's husband and Evan's brother, who ran away from his family. He is arrested for stealing copper wire and wants Riley back. She hires a defense attorney for him solely because he is the father of her children.
Naturi Naughton as Kendra (season 1),[15] a hard-working masseuse at the parlor. Kendra quit The Rub along with Jolene in the beginning of the second season.
Kathleen York as Jolene (season 1),[16] another masseuse working at the parlor, who does not give "extras". She only gives "straight" massages. Jolene quit The Rub along with Kendra in the beginning of the second season.
Laura-Leigh as Nikki Shannon (season 2), the newly hired masseuse at The Rub.
Recurring cast[edit]
Tyler Champagne as Travis Parks, Kyle and Riley's son
Cassidy Guetersloh as Katie Parks, Kyle and Riley's daughter
Greg Grunberg as Dale Locklin, Lacey's husband
Elisabeth Röhm as Taylor Berkhalter,[17] a woman who continually competes with Riley and ends up buying the hair salon where Lynette and Lacey both work.
Bart Johnson as Beau Berkhalter, Taylor's husband, who later cheated on her.
Rob Mayes as Derek Malloy (season 2), a masseur working at the parlor, who has sexual relations with Selena.
T.V. Carpio as Shelby Prince (season 2), a fellow police officer who met Evan at the police academy, later becoming his girlfriend.
Michael Beach as Harold Clemens (season 2), Georgia's boyfriend and later husband.
Brian Howe as Judge Overton (season 2), one of the names on the client list, working on the inside with Riley.
Marco Sanchez as Graham Sandoval (season 2), Kyle's attorney.
Johnathon Schaech as Greg Carlyle (season 2), a strip club owner that Nikki used to work for, before becoming a masseuse.
Tammy Townsend as Karina Lake (season 2)
Sunny Mabrey as Lisa Munsey (season 2)
Michelle Faraone as Michelle (season 2)
Desi Lydic as Dee Ann (season 1), a masseuse working at the parlor.
Brian Kerwin as Garrett (season 1), Lynette's ex-boyfriend, whom Lynette almost considered marrying.
Jon Prescott as Dr. Mark Flemming (season 1), a single-father widower who asked Riley on a date.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
The show is based around Lifetime's 2010 television film of the same name, with Jennifer Love Hewitt reprising the lead role. The series, however, is a re-imagining of the film and is not a direct continuation of the film's storyline.[2] The most notable change is that the husband of Hewitt's character abandons his family in the television series before she becomes involved in prostitution, whereas in the film he leaves with their children after the scandal is exposed.
The pilot was written by Jordan Budde, and the film's producers all executive-produced the series alongside Hewitt.[5] Budde got the job because Suzanne Martin was busy working on Hot in Cleveland at the time. Upon being given the assignment Budde watched the original movie and felt that the story had ended and also that it was "super depressing" instead he decided to reimagine the show and pitched it that way to Lifetime who accepted. [18] At one point the network toyed with the idea of calling the show "The Rub" and have no connection to the original movie although they eventually decided against this. [18] > Early on Hewitt was involved in the casting of her masseuse clients, although as the show went on she dialed back her involvement in this. This, in part, led to a complaints that that " the guys were all so good looking" later the team tried to cast "t more real guys" although by this point the network refused insisting on "hot guys" [18]
Three promotional materials were filmed in October 2011[19] and released before the series premiered.[20] The first of these materials, released on January 26, 2012, featured Hewitt performing Shirley Bassey's "Big Spender" in a music video-style advert, in reference to the true nature of the work at the massage parlor.[21] The video received much interest from the media due to Hewitt's risqué role, who noted that "based on this new promo, the show is going to be seriously hot."[22][23]
Filming and premiere[edit]
Season 1 consists of 10 episodes. The series began filming on January 17, 2012.[24] Filming of Season 1 ended on May 2, 2012.[25] Season 1 premiered on April 8, 2012 and ended on June 17, 2012.[26]
Filming for the second season began on November 1, 2012.[27] Filming of Season 2 ended on April 18, 2013.[28] The season 2 premiered on March 10, 2013 and ended on June 16, 2013.
Episodes[edit]
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 10 April 8, 2012 (2012-04-08) June 17, 2012 (2012-06-17)
2 15 March 10, 2013 (2013-03-10) June 16, 2013 (2013-06-16)
Season 1 (2012)[edit]
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)
1
1 "The Rub of Sugarland" Wendey Stanzler Jordan Budde April 8, 2012 (2012-04-08) 2.79[29]
Riley Parks, a single mom from Texas, is left alone with her children after her husband Kyle abruptly leaves. In financial trouble and desperate for a job, Riley gets hired at a massage parlor called The Rub. It's not long before she discovers that The Rub has a client list concerning men who expect "extras". Faced with a tough decision, she decides that in order to protect her family, she must do what she has to do. Soon, Riley realizes that the job comes with many secrets and much danger; which is a risk she is going to have to take.
2
2 "Turn the Page" Allan Arkush Barbara Nance April 15, 2012 (2012-04-15) 2.85[30]
Riley finds the phone number of a woman from Kyle's past and begins to investigate her with the help of Lacey. At the massage parlor, Riley meets an interesting client nicknamed The Camel. Meanwhile, Georgia takes all the girls out for drinks, where Riley discovers the fun side of her new job. Also, Lynette begins a romance with someone from church. Riley finds out her husband didn't cheat on her with the woman from his past, but learns something new about his addiction to painkillers.
3
3 "Tough Love" John Behring Laurie Arent April 22, 2012 (2012-04-22) 2.75[31]
Riley's work and family lives become too much to handle. Riley bails on a client twice. Katie gets in trouble in school for swearing, after a boy teases about her father. Georgia promotes Riley to the manager position, which causes a rift between Riley and Selena. Riley learns from Evan that Kyle is somewhere in Mexico. Lynette introduces her new boyfriend Garrett to the family.
4
4 "Ring True" Patrick Norris Efrem Seeger April 29, 2012 (2012-04-29) 2.41[32]
Riley unintentionally gives "extra service" to a good friend of Kendra's fiance. Kendra, who has not told her fiance about what really goes on at her job, fears that it will ruin her relationship. Riley also aids Kendra in preventing the truth from coming out. Riley pleases her friends and family, by going to a party since Kyle left town.
5
5 "Try, Try Again" Timothy Busfield Dawn DeKeyser May 6, 2012 (2012-05-06) 2.51[33]
Riley goes on her first date since Kyle left town, with a client she met. Riley begins to worry about Lynette's blossoming relationship with Garrett, after Garrett asks for Riley's blessing for Lynette's hand in marriage. Jolene reunites with her teenage son, who she gave up for adoption when she was a young struggling mother.
6
6 "The Cold Hard Truth" Norman Buckley Marc Halsey May 13, 2012 (2012-05-13) 2.27[34]
Georgia is worried that the police will raid the parlor. Lacey finds out about what Riley really has been doing at the parlor and does not take the news well.
7
7 "Life of Riley" Bethany Rooney John Tinker May 20, 2012 (2012-05-20) 2.55[35]
Riley helps a client overcome his fear of speaking to women. Riley finds out that Lacey did not tell her that Kyle planned on leaving her. Riley and Selena's rivalry continues, when Riley learns that Evan has been dating Selena.
8
8 "Games People Play" Patrick Norris Laurie Arent June 3, 2012 (2012-06-03) 2.10[36]
Selena runs into Evan at a lunch spot, and also get unwanted attention from a former client, who call her a whore in front of Evan. Causing him to punch him in the face and defend Selena name.Riley gets involved with a rodeo cowboy's romantic life. Riley and Selena clash over Selena's relationship with Evan. Riley offers to help Lynette out-bid Taylor for ownership of the salon.
9
9 "Acting Up" Wendey Stanzler Hollie Overton June 10, 2012 (2012-06-10) 2.19[37]
Riley goes on her first date with Mark. Dee Ann's relationship with a councilman gets her in hot water with Georgia; she is then fired. Katie runs away while Riley is on her date. Once Riley and Evan find her, they share a kiss. Kyle returns home.
10
10 "Past Is Prologue" Jennifer Love Hewitt Story by: Jennifer Love Hewitt & Barbara Nance
Teleplay by: Barbara Nance June 17, 2012 (2012-06-17) 2.73[38]
Kyle returns home, but his homecoming is anything but warm. Georgia goes on vacation and leaves Riley in charge of the parlor, which doesn't sit well with Selena. Riley re-hires Dee Ann. An elderly client dies under the care of Riley. A corrupt police officer continues to put pressure on Riley.
Season 2 (2013)[edit]
On May 7, 2012, Lifetime renewed the series for a second season of 15 episodes. Filming for the season began on November 1, 2012,[39] and it premiered on March 10, 2013.[40]
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)
11
1 "'Till I Make it On My Own" Allan Arkush Story by: Ed Decter
Teleplay by: Natalie Chaidez March 10, 2013 (2013-03-10) 2.21[41]
In the middle of their argument the police arrive, Riley apologizes thinking that she is the one that is going to get arrested, only for the police to arrest Kyle. Georgia comes back to the spa after she hears about Kyle and find that Kendra and Jolene quit, forcing Selena and Riley to work together so they don't lose clients; Riley finds it hard to find time for her and Evan. While she tries to get Kyle out of jail, she finds out that he stole a truck that was traveling with copper, and the only way for Kyle to get out of jail is to give up his partner in crime, but he won't do it. Riley goes to Georgia with the idea of having Riley own The Rub so that Georgia can keep her new man, and she can still help out if the girls need her; Georgia finds that there is a search warrant for The Rub and that the police are looking at Riley. Kyle promises his attorney that he has something worth more to the police than his partner; while Kyle and Evan fight over the fact that Evan and Riley are growing closer.
12
2 "Who's Cheatin' Who?" Andy Wolk Natalie Chaidez March 17, 2013 (2013-03-17) 2.08[42]
Riley is overwhelmed with the amount of massages she's giving per day, so she decides to hire another massuese. She ends up hiring an ex-stripper community college student in need of money for tuition. Georgia becomes manager at her boyfriend's bar and insists Riley make her first payment to her in a check. Riley learns that Kyle's bail hearing was moved up and was set at $7,500. At home, suddenly Georgia calls and tells Riley to make sure the client list is "good and hidden". Riley quickly reacts, but when the police show up they are looking for money. That night, one of Kyle's buddies from prison shows up at her house and hands her a bag full of $100 bills. Later, the police turn up at the spa and want to search. Riley demands a search warrant they don't have and they leave. Afterwards, Riley takes the bag of cash to the construction site to try and bargain Kyle's way out of jail. The man accepts the money but refuses to drop charges. Nervous because the feds are around, Riley drives to the middle of nowhere and buries the client list in the ground. The next morning while she and Evan are trying to spend quality time together, the police show up once more and inform her that her mother has been in an accident.
13
3 "Cowboy Up" Rick Wallace Hollie Overton March 24, 2013 (2013-03-24) 2.00[43]
With both Riley and Evan finding themselves burdened by Kyle's actions, Evan accepts a perilous job in order to help Riley financially. Meanwhile, Linette has a car accident and, at the spa, Riley tries to please a veteran client and hires a male masseur.
14
4 "My Main Trial Is Yet to Come" Timothy Busfield Michael Reisz March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31) 1.85[44]
At the spa, Riley is surprised at what a client asks for and Selena is suspicious of one of the new girls. Meanwhile, Riley learns that Derek is not all that he seems and struggles to make any alone-time for her and Evan.
15
5 "Hell on Heels" Jonathan Kaplan Tawnya Bhattacharya & Ali Laventhol April 7, 2013 (2013-04-07) 2.19[45]
At the spa, Riley discovers that her new client is an 18-year-old virgin and the locker room becomes the venue for uncomfortable situations between Derek and Selena. Meanwhile at home, Evan offers to take Travis to visit his dad and Linette encourages Katie to enter a pageant. Also, frustrated that she is still not pregnant, Lacey convinces Dale decide to see a fertility specialist.
16
6 "Unanswered Prayers" Allan Arkush Shaina Fewell April 14, 2013 (2013-04-14) 1.96[46]
While Riley works on Kyle's defense, Evan continues his police academy training and Lacey becomes suspicious of Dale, who's band is rocking out with a girl named Honey (Skyler Day). Meanwhile at the spa, Derek gets teased by Selena his frequent client.
17
7 "I Ain't Broke But I'm Badly Bent" Jennifer Love Hewitt Natalie Chaidez April 21, 2013 (2013-04-21) 2.11[47]
At the spa, Riley forms a close bond with a client and the girls have to get creative when there is a power outage. Meanwhile, Riley is shocked when, after fighting with an inmate, Kyle loses his visitation privileges and Lacey and Georgia organise a baby shower for Dale's sister. Riley is offered $50,000 to sleep with a client.
18
8 "Heaven's Just a Sin Away" Debbie Allen Nikki Schiefelbein April 28, 2013 (2013-04-28) 2.39[48]
While Kyle prepares to testify against his former employer, Riley and Lacey go to church with Georgia and Harold and Evan goes on his first date with Shelby. Meanwhile at the spa, Derek receives a warning from Selena about his client.
19
9 "Save A Horse, Ride A Cowboy" Norman Buckley Wendy Straker Hauser May 5, 2013 (2013-05-05) 2.11[49]
Kyle tries best to work his way back into Riley and his kids' lives. Selena fights her ex-husband over custody of a horse.
20
10 "What Part of No" John Whitesell Michael Reisz May 12, 2013 (2013-05-12) 1.79[50]
Lacey is attacked at Riley's house by someone that Riley believes was looking for the client list. Selena and Nikki fight over Derek.
21
11 "I Miss Back When" Timothy Busfield Shaina Fewell May 19, 2013 (2013-05-19) 2.08[51]
Lacey copes with the aftermath of the break-in and her attack. Attempting to cheer her up, Riley convinces her to attend their high school reunion. When Taylor sees her soon to be ex-husband, Beau, moving on with another woman at the reunion, Taylor reacts causing Riley to intervene. Meanwhile at the Rub of Sugarland, Selena warns Derek that his client, Lisa wants to take their relationship to the next step, outside the spa. Evan tries to focus on his relationship with Shelby but his past with Riley keeps intruding. Linette struggles with rehab and leans on Kyle for support.
22
12 "When I Say I Do" Michael Fields Story by: Sarah Wise
Teleplay by: Tawnya Bhattacharya & Ali Laventhol June 2, 2013 (2013-06-02) 2.12[52]
Georgia is having doubts hours before she's due to marry Harold. At the wedding, Selena seems to have finally warmed up to the possibility of a serious relationship with Derek. Kyle continues to impress Riley and finally succeeds in persuading Riley to allow him back into the house. Dale proposes to Lacey again at the ball diamond to cheer her up after her miscarriage. Meanwhile, Evan is involved in police raids of massage parlors in the area. A Russian prostitute is arrested and admits to working for Carlyle. Riley is worried that "The Rub" might be next after she hears about the raids on the radio.
23
13 "Whatever It Takes" Andy Wolk Hollie Overton June 9, 2013 (2013-06-09) 1.95[53]
Kyle moves back in with Riley and the kids. Derek and Selena are officially together. Dale and Lacey are looking into adoption. Riley tries to drum up some more "legitimate" clients for The Rub as a back up plan now that Riley and Kyle are in a better place. She sets up a free massage promotion at a local golf tournament. Travis lies to Kyle to get him to agree to host Travis' team sleep-over at the house. Dale and Lacey walk in on Kyle and Riley arguing over the sleep-over arrangements, so Lacey volunteers herself and Dale to help with the sleep-over in order to defuse the situation. Riley finds out at the golf tournament that Judge Overton is the head of the prostitution busting task force Evan's on and she accosts the Judge over it in the massage chair. Later that evening Riley gets a call from her security company that The Rub has been breached. Riley and Derek check it out and find that Riley's office has been ransacked but nothing appears to be taken. Riley heads to the ranch to check on the client list and discovers it's missing from the box. Nikki confronts Carlyle about trashing Riley's office. He rebuffs her, telling her he had her followed and knows she didn't go to The Rub like she said she had. Carlyle hits Nikki and demands her to leave. Kyle finds out from his lawyer that Vandermeyer put in a plea so Kyle doesn't have to testify.
24
14 "What Kind of Fool Do You Think I Am" Jennifer Love Hewitt Nikki Schiefelbein June 16, 2013 (2013-06-16) 1.90[54]
With the Client List missing, Riley begins preparing for the worst by making a video for her kids and cleaning out her personal and business' bank accounts. Riley stresses over the missing Client List. As she tries to think of who may have taken the list, she is confronted by Judge Overton who is upset over a threat he received from The Rub. Riley then believes the threat came from Nikki since she was connected to Carlyle, who had been after the Client List. Before she can confront Nikki about the list, Evan and detective Monroe show up to bring Nikki in for questioning since the task force is moving in on Carlyle's establishments. Meanwhile, Dale and Lacey are candidates in adopting a child. Riley goes to the police station to find out that Nikki was connected to Carlyle. She later confronts Nikki and Nikki says she has it. She goes to retrieve the list but finds a note that says Carlyle has it. Riley goes into a panic and begins trying to come up with a plan. Riley ends up at the hospital where Dale and Lacey are because they were chosen as a child's adoptive parents. Carlyle corners here when she leaves and tells her that she better have an exit strategy. She goes home and is confronted by Kyle who Evan told Riley was connected to Nikki and Carlyle. Feeling overwhelmed she runs into the street as it's raining as Evan almost runs into her.
25
15 "Wild Nights are Calling" Allan Arkush Story by: Ed Decter
Teleplay by: Michael Reisz June 16, 2013 (2013-06-16) 2.09[54]
Controversy[edit]
The Client List was the subject of a nationwide campaign by licensed massage therapists to stop the show before it aired. The group, "Massage Therapists Against The Client List", asserts that:
The Client List is a series that perpetuates the misconception that Massage Therapy includes inappropriate sexual contact. Massage Therapists are trained healthcare professionals and in most states are licensed and regulated by state medical boards. They adhere to a code of ethics and in some cases are under higher ethical standards than other healthcare professionals – because of these very same misconceptions. Many therapists are now working in doctor's offices and hospitals and providing valuable therapeutic services. The Client List is a huge step backwards."[55]
A&E responded to the controversy with the following press release:
We appreciate your feedback concerning the new Lifetime Television series entitled, The Client List. For many years, Lifetime television has explored the complexity of women's lives and their stories through fiction and non-fiction movies, series and programs. The Client List is a fictionalized story about the experiences of a single mother as she unexpectedly faces dire economic circumstances. The series also features a broad range of characters with alternative points of view who make different choices. The Client List is not intended to depict any specific spa or massage entity, nor in any way demean or disparage the therapeutic massage profession and its benefits and contributions to the health and wellness industry.[56]
Renewal delay and show cancellation[edit]
An expected third season renewal for the series was put on hold after the announcement of Jennifer Love Hewitt's pregnancy in June 2013. Hewitt reportedly wanted/insisted the real father of her child, co-star and fiancé Brian Hallisay, to also be the father of a fictional baby to be born by her character in the third season, while the show's executives and writers wanted Colin Egglesfield's character to be the father. Lifetime was undecided, which led to a renewal delay that lasted into October 2013.[57] Due to creative differences between Hewitt, Lifetime, Sony Pictures Television, and ITV Studios America, the show was officially canceled on November 1, 2013 after two seasons.[7][8]
Ratings[edit]
The first season of The Client List, consisting of 10 episodes, was watched by an average of 2.51 million viewers per week.[58] The second season, consisting of 15 episodes, was watched by an average of 2.05 million viewers.[59]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Awards and nominations for The Client List
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Outcome
2012 California on Location Awards[60] Assistant Location Manager of the Year – Television Eva M. Schroeder Won
2013 Young Artist Awards[61] Best Performance in a TV Series – Recurring Young Actor Ten and Under Tyler Champagne Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Client List 2 Seasons 2012". Amazon.com. Retrieved February 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (August 10, 2011). "Lifetime Greenlights 'The Client List' Series Starring & Produced By Jennifer Love Hewitt". Deadline. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ Corneau, Allison (August 11, 2011). "Jennifer Love Hewitt Reprising Role as Stripper on The Client List TV Series". Us Magazine. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Lifetime and Jennifer Love Hewitt to Share ‘The Client List’ with Viewers on April 8 – Ratings". TV by the Numbers. February 21, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Stanhope, Kate (August 10, 2011). "Lifetime Turning The Client List Into TV Series Starring Jennifer Love Hewitt". TV Guide. Retrieved August 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ Eng, Joyce (May 7, 2012). "Lifetime Renews "The Client List"". TV Guide. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Ng, Philiana (November 1, 2013). "Lifetime Cancels 'The Client List'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (November 1, 2013). "Lifetime's ‘The Client List’ Cancelled After Two Seasons". Deadline.com. Retrieved November 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (August 10, 2011). "Jennifer Love Hewitt to Star in and Executive Produce New Lifetime Series 'The Client List'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ Rose, Lacey (January 3, 2012). "Cybill Shepherd Joins 'The Client List'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Loretta Devine Is Added To The Client List". Cinemablend.com. January 16, 2012. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (December 14, 2011). "TV CASTINGS: Colin Egglesfield To Co-Star On Lifetime Drama Series 'The Client List', Elizabeth Ho Joins TBS Comedy Pilot 'BFF'". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie. "TV Castings: Lifetime's 'Client List' & Fox's 'Little Brother' Add Actresses". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rob Owen. "Ex-Portlander Alicia Lagano shows her grit in 'Client List'". The Oregonian. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie. "Naturi Naughton Joins Lifetime's 'Client List'". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie. "Lifetime Castings: Kathleen York On 'Client List', Christian Campbell 'Sworn To Silence'". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Breaking News – Development Update: Thursday, January 5". The Futon Critic. Retrieved April 16, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Alter, Ethan. "'The Client List' Creator Reveals the Origin of Lifetime's Best Bad Show". Yahoo!. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Morning lovelys!, @TheReal_Jlh (Jennifer Love Hewitt's verified Twitter account)
Jump up ^ "The Client List – Jennifer Love Hewitt – Behind the Scenes". YouTube. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "STAGE TUBE: THE CLIENT LIST Channels Broadway in New Promo with Jennifer Love Hewitt!". Broadway World.com. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Scott, Andy. "Jennifer Love-Hewitt Bares Cleavage, Sings ‘Big Spender’ in Preview for ‘The Client List’". Celebuzz.com. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "First Look At Jennifer Love Hewitt's New Lifetime Series, The Client List". Perez Hilton.com. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Love Hewitt, Jennifer. "TheReal_Jlh – Officially shooting". Twitter. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ Last day on The Client List..., @TheReal_Jlh (Jennifer Love Hewitt's verified Twitter account)
Jump up ^ "The Client List: Listings". TheFutonCritic. Retrieved February 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / TheReal_Jlh: 5 am call time. First shooting". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / TheReal_Jlh: Well it's here lovelys my last". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2013-11-02.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 10, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Leads + Atlanta 'Housewives,' 'Mad Men,' 'Khloe & Lamar,' 'Army Wives,' 'The Client List' & Much More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 17, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones,' + 'Real Housewives ATL' 'Mad Men,' 'Khloe & Lamar,' 'The Client List' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 24, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones,' + 'Real Housewives ATL' 'Mad Men,' 'Veep,' 'The Client List' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 1, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Rises, Ties NBA Playoffs + 'Real Housewives,' 'The Client List,' 'Army Wives,' 'Mad Men' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 8, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: NBA Playoffs + 'Game of Thrones', 'The Client List', 'Army Wives', 'Khloe & Lamar', 'Mad Men' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 15, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game Of Thrones' Tops, 'Real Housewives NJ,' 'The Client List,' 'Khloe & Lamar,' 'Army Wives' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 22, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: NBA Playoffs, + 'Game of Thrones', 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Ax Men', 'The Client List', 'Sister Wives', + More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 5, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: NBA Playoffs + 'Game of Thrones' Finale, MTV Movie Awards, 'Sister Wives', 'The Glades', 'Longmire' + More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 12, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Wins Night, 'Mad Men', 'Longmire', 'The Client List', 'The Glades', 'Drop Dead Diva' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 19, 2012). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood', 'Falling Skies', 'Real Housewives of NJ', 'Keeping up with the Kardashians' + NASCAR & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / TheReal_Jlh: 5 am call time. First shooting". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2012-12-20.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (January 17, 2013). "'The Client List' Set to Return March 10". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (March 12, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Walking Dead' Wins Night + 'The Bible', 'Vikings', 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'The Client List' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (March 19, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Walking Dead' Wins Night, 'The Bible', 'Vikings', 'The Client List', 'Shameless', 'Army Wives' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (March 26, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Walking Dead' Wins Night + 'The Bible', 'Talking Dead', NCAA Basketball, 'Vikings' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 2, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'The Walking Dead' Wins Night, 'Game of Thrones', 'The Bible', 'Vikings', 'Shameless', 'The Client List' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 9, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Kourtney & Kim Take Miami', 'Vikings', 'Mad Men' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 16, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'MTV Movie Awards', 'Vikings', 'Mad Men','The Client List', 'Veep' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 23, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'NBA Playoffs', 'Real Housewives of Atlanta', 'Vikings' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 30, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, NBA Playoffs, 'Vikings', 'The Client List', 'Mad Men', 'Veep' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Cable Ratings: ‘Game of Thrones’ Wins Night + ‘Ax Men’, ‘Mad Men’, ‘Army Wives’, ‘The Client List’ & More - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2013-05-07. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + 'Breaking Amish', 'Mad Men', 'Long Island Medium', 'River Monsters' & More | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2013-05-14. Retrieved 2013-05-19.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (May 21, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings:'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'North America', 'Mad Men', 'Veep', 'The Client List' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (June 4, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night + 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Real Housewives of New Jersey', 'Breaking Amish', 'Mad Men' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (June 11, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'Game of Thrones' Wins Night, 'Falling Skies', 'Mad Men', 'Army Wives', 'Veep', 'The Client List' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Kondolojy, Amanda (June 18, 2013). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Wins Night + Sprint Cup Racing, 'Keeping Up With the Kardashians', 'Falling Skies', 'Real Housewives of NJ' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.complaint.tv/promoting_a_massage_therapist_as_a_prostitute-5984.html
Jump up ^ "American Massage Therapy Association | Missouri Chapter". Amtamo.org. April 27, 2012. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Roots, Kimberly (June 17, 2013). "Report: The Client List Renewal Held Up By Backstage Debate Over Baby-Daddy Drama". TV Line. Retrieved June 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Client List: Season One Ratings". TV Series Final.
Jump up ^ "The Client List: Season Two Ratings". TV Series Final.
Jump up ^ "2012 Winners". California on Location Awards.
Jump up ^ "34th Annual Young Artist Awards - Nominations / Special Awards". Young Artist Awards.
External links[edit]
Official website
The Client List on IMDb
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values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
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values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
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0
button
true

values: The Client List (serie de televisión) – Spanish

values: The Client List (série télévisée) – French

values: 클라이언트 리스트 (드라마) – Korean

values: The Client List - Clienti speciali – Italian

values: Ügyféllista (televíziós sorozat) – Hungarian

values: クライアント・リスト (テレビドラマ) – Japanese

values: Lista klientów (serial telewizyjny) – Polish

values: The Client List (série de TV) – Portuguese

values: Список клиентов (телесериал) – Russian

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values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

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