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Lincoln (film)
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Lincoln
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Steven Spielberg
Produced by
Steven Spielberg
Kathleen Kennedy
Screenplay by
Tony Kushner
Based on
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln
by Doris Kearns Goodwin
Starring
Daniel Day-Lewis
Sally Field
David Strathairn
Joseph Gordon-Levitt
James Spader
Hal Holbrook
Tommy Lee Jones
Music by
John Williams
Cinematography
Janusz Kamiński
Edited by
Michael Kahn
Production
company
DreamWorks Pictures
20th Century Fox
Reliance Entertainment
Participant Media
Amblin Entertainment
The Kennedy/Marshall Company
Distributed by
Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
(North America)
20th Century Fox
(International)
Release date
October 8, 2012 (2012-10-08) (New York Film Festival)
November 9, 2012 (2012-11-09) (United States)[1]
Running time
150 minutes[2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$65 million[3]
Box office
$275.3 million[4]
Lincoln is a 2012 American epic historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg, starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln.[5] The film also features Sally Field, David Strathairn, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, James Spader, Hal Holbrook and Tommy Lee Jones in supporting performances. The screenplay by Tony Kushner was loosely based on Doris Kearns Goodwin's biography Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln, and covers the final four months of Lincoln's life, focusing on his efforts in January 1865 to have the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution passed by the United States House of Representatives.
The film was produced by Spielberg and frequent collaborator Kathleen Kennedy, through their respective production companies, Amblin Entertainment and the Kennedy/Marshall Company. Filming began October 17, 2011,[6] and ended on December 19, 2011.[7] Lincoln premiered on October 8, 2012 at the New York Film Festival. The film was co-produced by DreamWorks Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Participant Media, and released theatrically by Touchstone Pictures in North America on November 9, 2012.[8] The film was distributed by Fox in international territories.[9]
Lincoln received significant praise for the acting, especially Day-Lewis's performance, as well as Spielberg's direction, and production values. In December 2012, the film was nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director for Spielberg and winning Best Actor (Motion Picture – Drama) for Day-Lewis. At the 85th Academy Awards, the film was nominated for twelve Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director; it won for Best Production Design and Best Actor for Day-Lewis.[10] The film was also a commercial success, grossing over $275 million at the box office.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Music
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Historian response
5.4 Accolades
5.4.1 Top ten lists
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Plot[edit]
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (March 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In January 1865, President Abraham Lincoln expects the Civil War to end soon, with the defeat of the Confederate States. He is concerned that his 1863 Emancipation Proclamation may be discarded by the courts after the war, and the proposed Thirteenth Amendment will be defeated by the returning slave states. He feels it imperative to pass the amendment beforehand, to remove any possibility that freed slaves might be re-enslaved.
The Radical Republicans fear the amendment will be defeated by some who wish to delay its passage; support from Republicans in the border states is not yet assured. The amendment also requires the support of several Democratic congressmen to pass. With dozens of Democrats being lame ducks after losing their re-election campaigns in the fall of 1864, some of Lincoln's advisors believe he should wait for a new Republican-heavy Congress. Lincoln remains adamant about having the amendment in place before the war is concluded and the southern states readmitted.
Lincoln's hopes rely upon the support of Francis Preston Blair, a founder of the Republican Party whose influence could win over members of the western and border state conservative faction. With Union victory in the Civil War highly likely, but not yet secured, and with two sons serving in the Union Army, Blair is keen to end hostilities. Therefore, in return for his support, Blair insists that Lincoln allow him immediately to engage the Confederate government in peace negotiations. Yet Lincoln knows that significant support for the amendment comes from Radical Republicans, for whom negotiated peace is unacceptable. Unable to proceed without Blair's support, Lincoln reluctantly authorizes Blair's mission.
In the meantime, Lincoln and Secretary of State William Seward work to secure Democratic votes for the amendment. Lincoln suggests they concentrate on the lame duck Democrats, as they will feel freer to vote as they choose, and will also soon need employment; Lincoln will have many federal jobs to fill as he begins his second term. Though Lincoln and Seward are unwilling to offer monetary bribes to the Democrats, they authorize agents to contact Democratic congressmen with offers of federal jobs in exchange for their support.
At a key moment in the debate, racial-equality advocate Thaddeus Stevens agrees to moderate his position and argue that the amendment represents only legal equality, not a declaration of actual equality. Meanwhile, Confederate envoys are ready to meet with Lincoln to discuss terms for peace, but he instructs they be kept out of Washington, as the amendment approaches a vote on the House floor. Rumor of their mission circulates, prompting both Democrats and conservative Republicans to advocate postponing the vote. But in a carefully worded statement, Lincoln denies there are envoys in Washington, and the vote proceeds, passing by a margin of just two votes. Black visitors to the gallery celebrate, and Stevens returns home to his "housekeeper" and lover, a black woman.
When Lincoln meets with the Confederates, he tells them slavery cannot be restored, as the North is united for ratification of the amendment, and several of the southern states' reconstructed legislatures would also vote to ratify. On April 3, Lincoln visits the battlefield at Petersburg, Virginia, where he exchanges a few words with Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant. Six days later, Grant receives General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse.
On April 14, Lincoln is meeting members of his cabinet to discuss future measures to enfranchise blacks, when he is reminded that First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln is waiting to take them to their evening at Ford's Theatre. That night, while Lincoln's son Tad is watching Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp at Grover's Theatre, the manager suddenly stops the play to announce that the President has been shot. The next morning Lincoln dies; Secretary of War Edwin Stanton declares, "Now he belongs to the ages".
Cast[edit]
Lincoln household
Daniel Day-Lewis as President Abraham Lincoln[11]
His performance earned Day-Lewis his third Academy Award for Best Actor, making him the only actor who has won three Oscars in the leading actor category.
Sally Field as First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln[12]
Her performance earned Field a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Gloria Reuben[13] as Elizabeth Keckley, a former slave who was dressmaker and confidante to Mary Todd Lincoln.
Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Robert Todd Lincoln[14]
Robert Lincoln had recently left his studies at Harvard Law School and was newly named a Union Army captain and personal attendant to General Grant. He returned to the White House on April 14, 1865 to visit his family. His father was assassinated that night.[15]
Gulliver McGrath as Tad Lincoln[16]
Stephen Henderson as Lincoln's valet William Slade[17]
Elizabeth Marvel as Mrs. Jolly[17]
Union Army
Adam Driver as Lincoln's telegraph operator, historically Grant's operator, Samuel Beckwith[17]
Jared Harris as Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant[17]
Asa-Luke Twocrow as Lieutenant Colonel Ely S. Parker, a Native American Military Secretary to Grant and drafter of the terms of the Confederate Army's surrender at Appomattox Court House[18]
Colman Domingo as Private Harold Green[17]
David Oyelowo as Corporal Ira Clark[19]
Lukas Haas as First White Soldier[17]
Dane DeHaan as Second White Soldier[17]
White House
David Strathairn as Secretary of State William H. Seward[20]
Bruce McGill as Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton[21]
Joseph Cross as Major John Hay, Lincoln's military secretary
Jeremy Strong as John George Nicolay, Lincoln's private secretary[13][17]
Grainger Hines as Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles[22]
Richard Topol as Attorney General James Speed[17]
Dakin Matthews as Secretary of the Interior John Palmer Usher[13][17]
Walt Smith as Secretary of the Treasury William P. Fessenden[22]
James Ike Eichling as Postmaster General William Dennison[22]
House of Representatives
Tommy Lee Jones as Republican Congressman Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania.[14]
A leader of the Radical Republicans and a fervent abolitionist, Stevens feared that Lincoln would "turn his back on emancipation."[15] Jones' performance as Stevens earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
Lee Pace as Democratic Congressman Fernando Wood of New York
Peter McRobbie as Democratic Congressman George H. Pendleton of Ohio, leader of the Democratic opposition
Bill Raymond as Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax of Indiana, a Republican
David Costabile as Republican Congressman James Ashley of Ohio[13]
Stephen Spinella as radical Republican Congressman Asa Vintner Litton[17]
Michael Stuhlbarg as Democratic Congressman George Yeaman of Kentucky[17]
Boris McGiver as Democratic Congressman Alexander Coffroth of Pennsylvania[13]
Walton Goggins as Democratic Congressman Clay Hawkins of Ohio.[23]
David Warshofsky as Congressman William Hutton, whose brother died in the war[13]
Michael Stanton Kennedy as Republican Congressman Hiram Price of Iowa
Raynor Scheine as Republican Congressman Josiah S. 'Beanpole' Burton of Missouri.
Christopher Evan Welch as Clerk of the House Edward McPherson
Republican Party
Hal Holbrook as Francis Preston Blair[13]
Blair was an influential Republican politician who tried to arrange a peace agreement between the Union and the Confederacy. Holbrook had previously portrayed Lincoln in the 1976 mini-series Carl Sandburg's Lincoln and in the 1980s North and South mini-series.[17]
James Spader as Republican Party operative William N. Bilbo
Bilbo had been imprisoned but was freed by Lincoln, and then lobbied for passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.[13]
Tim Blake Nelson[24] as lobbyist Richard Schell. (Schell was a Democratic lobbyist who worked with Republicans to obtain votes in the House for passage of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.)
John Hawkes as Republican operative[13] Colonel Robert Latham
Byron Jennings[13] as Conservative Republican Montgomery Blair, son of Francis Preston Blair[17]
Julie White as Elizabeth Blair Lee: Lee was the daughter of Francis Preston Blair, and wrote hundreds of letters documenting events during the Civil War[17]
S. Epatha Merkerson as Lydia Smith: Smith was Thaddeus Stevens' biracial housekeeper.[17]
Wayne Duvall as Radical Republican Senator Benjamin "Bluff Ben" Wade
John Hutton as Senator Charles Sumner[22]
Confederate States
Jackie Earle Haley as Confederate States Vice President Alexander H. Stephens[25]
Stephens had served with Lincoln in Congress from 1847 to 1849. He met with Abraham Lincoln on the steamboat River Queen at the unsuccessful Hampton Roads Conference on February 3, 1865
Gregory Itzin as John Archibald Campbell[17]
Campbell was a former Supreme Court Justice who had resigned at the start of war and then served as Assistant Secretary of War in the Confederate government. He was also a member of the Confederate delegation that met with Lincoln at the Hampton Roads Conference.
Michael Shiflett as the third Confederate delegate to Hampton Roads, Senate President Robert M. T. Hunter
Christopher Boyer (non-speaking role) as Robert E. Lee
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
While consulting on a Steven Spielberg project in 1999, Goodwin told Spielberg she was planning to write Team of Rivals, and Spielberg immediately told her he wanted the film rights.[26] DreamWorks finalized the deal in 2001,[27] and by the end of the year, John Logan signed on to write the script.[28] His draft focused on Lincoln's friendship with Frederick Douglass.[29] Playwright Paul Webb was hired to rewrite and filming was set to begin in January 2006,[27] but Spielberg delayed it out of dissatisfaction with the script.[30] Liam Neeson said Webb's draft covered the entirety of Lincoln's term as President.[31]
Tony Kushner replaced Webb. Kushner considered Lincoln "the greatest democratic leader in the world" and found the writing assignment daunting because "I have no idea [what made him great]; I don't understand what he did any more than I understand how William Shakespeare wrote Hamlet or Mozart wrote Così fan tutte." Kushner said Lincoln's abolitionist ideals made him appealing to a Jewish writer, and although he felt Lincoln was Christian, he noted the president rarely quoted the New Testament and that his "thinking and his ethical deliberation seem very talmudic".[32] By late 2008, Kushner joked he was on his "967,000th book about Abraham Lincoln".[33] Kushner's initial 500-page draft focused on four months in the life of Lincoln, and by February 2009 he had rewritten it to focus on two months in Lincoln's life when he was preoccupied with adopting the Thirteenth Amendment.[31]
Casting[edit]
Spielberg first approached Daniel Day-Lewis about the project in 2003, but Day-Lewis turned down the part at the time, believing the idea of himself playing Lincoln to be "preposterous".[34] Liam Neeson was then cast as Lincoln in January 2005, having previously worked with Spielberg in Schindler's List.[27] In preparation for the role, Neeson studied Lincoln extensively.[35] However, in July 2010, Neeson left the project, saying that he had grown too old for the part. Neeson was 58 at the time, and Lincoln, during the time period depicted, was 55 and 56.[36] In an interview with GQ Neeson stated that he realized during a table read that the part was not right for him in "a thunderbolt moment" and after the read requested that Spielberg recast his role.[37] Co-star Sally Field, in a 2012 PBS interview, intimated that Neeson's decision was influenced by the death of his wife Natasha Richardson less than a year earlier.[38][39] In November 2010, it was announced that Day-Lewis would replace Neeson in the role.[40]
While promoting Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in May 2008, Spielberg announced his intention to start filming in early 2009,[41] for release in November, ten months after the 200th anniversary of Lincoln's birth.[26] In January 2009, Taunton and Dighton, Massachusetts were being scouted as potential locations.[42] Spielberg arranged a $50 million budget for the film, to please Paramount Pictures CEO Brad Grey, who had previously delayed the project over concerns it was too similar to Spielberg's commercially unsuccessful Amistad (1997). Spielberg had wanted Touchstone Pictures – which agreed to distribute all his films from 2010 – to distribute the film, but he was unable to afford paying off Paramount, which had collaborated with DreamWorks on the film's development.[43]
Filming[edit]
Filming took place in Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Petersburg, Virginia. In reference to Petersburg, according to location manager Colleen Gibbons, "one thing that attracted the filmmakers to the city was the 180-degree vista of historic structures" which is "very rare".[44]
The Virginia State Capitol served as the exteriors and interiors of the U.S Capitol, and the exteriors of the White House. The House of Delegates inside the building was remodeled to fit for The House of Representatives Chamber set. Scenes representing Grovers Theatre were filmed in Fredericksburg, Virginia, at Virginia Repertory Theatre's November Theatre.[45]
Music[edit]
John Williams composed and conducted the score. The score was recorded by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Chicago Symphony Chorus.[46][47] The soundtrack album was released by Sony Classical on November 6, 2012.
Lincoln: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Film score by John Williams
Released
November 6, 2012 (2012-11-06)
Recorded
2012
Studio
Symphony Center, Chicago
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
58:46
Label
Sony Classical
Producer
John Williams
All music was composed by Williams, except "Battle Cry of Freedom," which was written in 1862 by American composer George Frederick Root (1820–1895) during the American Civil War.
No.
Title
Length
1. "The People's House" 3:43
2. "The Purpose of the Amendment" 3:07
3. "Getting Out the Vote" 2:49
4. "The American Process" 3:57
5. "The Blue and Grey" 3:00
6. ""With Malice Toward None"" 1:51
7. "Call to Muster, and Battle Cry of Freedom" 2:17
8. "The Southern Delegation, and the Dream" 4:43
9. "Father and Son" 1:42
10. "The Race to the House" 2:42
11. "Equality under the Law" 3:12
12. "Freedom's Call" 6:08
13. "Elegy" 2:35
14. "Remembering Willie" 1:51
15. "Appomattox, April 9, 1865" 2:38
16. "The Peterson House, and Finale" 11:00
17. ""With Malice Toward None" (Piano Solo)" 1:31
Total length: 58:46
Release[edit]
Lincoln held its world premiere at the New York Film Festival on October 8, 2012.[48] The film was also screened at the 2012 AFI Film Festival on November 8, 2012.[49] Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributed the film in North America through the Touchstone Pictures banner, while 20th Century Fox distributed the film in the remaining international territories.[9] Disney Publishing Worldwide released several companion books and ancillary literature in anticipation of the film, including Lincoln: A Cinematic and Historical Companion and Lincoln: A Spielberg Film – Discover the Story.[50] DreamWorks and Google Play released the film's trailer during a Google+ hangout with Spielberg and Joseph Gordon-Levitt on September 13, 2012.[51] Then, on September 10, 2012, a teaser for the trailer was released.[52]
Lincoln was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download in North America on March 26, 2013.[53] The film debuted at No. 1 in Blu-ray and DVD sales in its first week of release.[54] Disney Educational Productions donated DVD copies of the film and a teaching guide titled Stand Tall: Live Like Lincoln to more than 37,100 secondary schools in the United States, after Spielberg received letters from educators requesting to incorporate the film into their curriculum.[55][56][57]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Lincoln earned $182,207,973 in North America from 2,293 theaters and $93,085,477 overseas for a total of $275,293,450, well exceeding its $65 million budget. The film had a limited opening in 11 theaters with $944,308 and an average of $85,846 per theater. It opened at the #15 rank, becoming the highest opening of a film with such a limited release. The film opened in 1,175 theaters with $21,049,406 and an average of $11,859 per theater.[4] Due to the widespread success of Lincoln, Disney produced additional prints of the film to accommodate theater demand.[58]
Critical response[edit]
Lincoln received worldwide critical acclaim. The cast was notably lauded, especially Day-Lewis, Field, and Jones. The film currently holds a 90% approval rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 261 reviews with an average rating of 8/10,[59] with the critical consensus "Daniel Day-Lewis characteristically delivers in this witty, dignified portrait that immerses the audience in its world and entertains even as it informs." On Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the film has a score of 86 (out of 100) based on 44 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim", thus making it Spielberg's highest rated film on the site since Saving Private Ryan.[60]
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 4 out of 4 stars and said, "The hallmark of the man, performed so powerfully by Daniel Day-Lewis in Lincoln, is calm self-confidence, patience and a willingness to play politics in a realistic way."[61] Glenn Kenny of MSN Movies gave it 5 out of 5 stars stating, "It's the most remarkable movie Steven Spielberg has made in quite a spell, and one of the things that makes it remarkable is how it fulfills those expectations by simultaneously ignoring and transcending them."[62]
Colin Covert of the Star Tribune wrote, "Lincoln is one of those rare projects where a great director, a great actor and a great writer amplify one another's gifts. The team of Steven Spielberg, Daniel Day-Lewis and Tony Kushner has brought forth a triumphant piece of historical journalism, a profound work of popular art and a rich examination of one of our darkest epochs."[63] It was praised by Charlie McCollum of the San Jose Mercury News as "one of the finest historical dramas ever committed to film."[64] Despite mostly positive reviews, Rex Reed of The New York Observer stated, "In all, there's too much material, too little revelation and almost nothing of Spielberg's reliable cinematic flair." However, the reviews have been unanimous in their praise of Day-Lewis's performance as Abraham Lincoln. A. O. Scott from The New York Times stated the film "is finally a movie about how difficult and costly it has been for the United States to recognize the full and equal humanity of black people" and concluded that the movie was "a rough and noble democratic masterpiece".[65]
Scott also stated that Lincoln's concern about his wife's emotional instability and "the strains of a wartime presidency... produce a portrait that is intimate but also decorous, drawn with extraordinary sensitivity and insight and focused, above all, on Lincoln's character as a politician. This is, in other words, less a biopic than a political thriller, a civics lesson that is energetically staged and alive with moral energy."[65]
Lebanese film critic Anis Tabet gave the film a positive review, giving it a 3.5/4 rating.[66]
As reported in the Maariv newspaper, on February 3, 2013, Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu and his ministers discussed Spielberg's film, which several of them saw in Israeli cinemas. They debated whether the end of abolishing slavery justified the means used by Lincoln, and also compared Lincoln's predicament with their own complicated situation in the confused aftermath of the 2013 Israeli elections.[67]
The review by The Daily Mail suggested: "The sad truth is that Spielberg and his writer Tony Kushner are offering a phoney, sanitised version of Lincoln."[68]
Historian response[edit]
Eric Foner (Columbia University), a Pulitzer Prize–winning historian of the period, claimed in a letter to The New York Times that "The film grossly exaggerates the possibility that by January 1865 the war might have ended with slavery still intact." He also noted, "The 13th Amendment originated not with Lincoln but with a petition campaign early in 1864 organized by the Women’s National Loyal League, an organization of abolitionist feminists headed by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton."[69] Kate Masur (Northwestern University) accuses the film of oversimplifying the role of blacks in abolition and dismissed the effort as "an opportunity squandered" in an op-ed for The New York Times.[70] Harold Holzer, co-chair of the Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Foundation and author of more than 40 books, served as a consultant to the film and praised it, but also observed that there is "no shortage of small historical bloopers in the movie" in a piece for The Daily Beast. Holzer states, "As for the Spielberg movie’s opening scene, ... it is almost inconceivable that any uniformed soldier of the day (or civilians, for that matter) would have memorized a speech that, however ingrained in modern memory, did not achieve any semblance of a national reputation until the 20th century." [71]
Barry Bradford, a member of the Organization of American Historians, offers an analysis of some of the finer historical points of the film's representation of clothing, relationships and appearance.[72] Allen Guelzo (Gettysburg College), also writing for The Daily Beast, had some plot criticism, but disagreed with Holzer, arguing that, "The pains that have been taken in the name of historical authenticity in this movie are worth hailing just on their own terms".[73] In a later interview with the World Socialist Web Site Guelzo claimed that "the film was 90 percent on the mark, which given the way Hollywood usually does history is saying something".[74] David Stewart, independent historical author, writing for History News Network, described Spielberg's work as "reasonably solid history", and told readers of HNN to "go see it with a clear conscience".[75] Lincoln biographer Ronald White also admired the film, though he noted a few mistakes and pointed out in an interview with NPR, "Is every word true? No."[76]
Historian Joshua M. Zeitz, writing in The Atlantic, noted some minor mistakes, but concluded "Lincoln is not a perfect film, but it is an important film".[77] Following a screening during the film's opening weekend, the Minnesota Civil War Commemoration Task Force held a panel discussion in which Dr. David Woodard of Concordia University remarked, "I always look at these films to see if a regular person who wasn't a 'Lincoln nut' would want to read a book about it after they watched the movie. I get the impression that most people who are not history buffs will now want to read something about Lincoln."[78]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Lincoln (film)
Top ten lists[edit]
Lincoln was listed on many critics' top ten lists.[79]
1st – David Denby, The New Yorker (tied with Zero Dark Thirty)
1st – Owen Gleiberman, Entertainment Weekly
1st – Stephen Holden, The New York Times
1st – Mick LaSalle, San Francisco Chronicle
2nd – Lisa Schwarzbaum, Entertainment Weekly
2nd – David Edelstein, New York
2nd – Betsy Sharkey, Los Angeles Times (tied with Django Unchained)
2nd – Christopher Orr, The Atlantic
2nd – Michael Phillips, Chicago Tribune
2nd – Ann Hornaday, The Washington Post
2nd – Huffington Post
2nd – A.O. Scott, The New York Times
3rd – Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times
3rd – Mike Scott, The Times-Picayune
3rd – James Berardinelli, Reelviews
3rd – Mary Pols, Time
3rd – Dana Stevens, Slate
4th – Peter Travers, Rolling Stone
4th – Rene Rodriguez, Miami Herald
4th – Bill Goodykoontz, Arizona Republic
4th – Joshua Rothkopf, Time Out New York
4th – Alison Willmore, The A.V. Club
4th – Steven Rea, Philadelphia Inquirer
5th – Anne Thompson, Indiewire
5th – Joe Neumaier, New York Daily News
6th – Ty Burr, Boston Globe
6th – David Fear, Time Out New York
6th – Kristopher Tapley, HitFix
6th – Jake Coyle, Associated Press
6th – Andrew O'Hehir, Salon.com
7th – Glenn Kenny, MSN Movies
8th – David Germain, Associated Press
8th – Lisa Kennedy, Denver Post
10th – Melissa Anderson, Village Voice
10th – Richard Roeper, Chicago Sun-Times
Best of 2014 (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Kenneth Turan, Los Angeles Times
Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Bob Mondello, NPR
Top 10 (ranked alphabetically) – Claudia Puig, USA Today
Top 10 (listed alphabetically) – Joe Morgenstern, The Wall Street Journal
See also[edit]
Cultural depictions of Abraham Lincoln
White savior narrative in film
List of films featuring slavery
American Civil War portal
Film portal
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Naomi Pffefferman (October 25, 2007). "Kushner's (old) testament to Lincoln". The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles. Retrieved November 22, 2008.
Jump up ^ Karen Bovard (November 20, 2008). "Lincoln Logs". Hartford Advocate. Retrieved November 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Abraham Lincoln As You've Never Heard Him Before". The New York Times. Retrieved 2016-07-27.
Jump up ^ Max Evry (January 24, 2007). "Liam Neeson Talks Lincoln". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved May 12, 2008.
Jump up ^ Simon Reynolds (July 30, 2010). "Neeson quits Spielberg's Lincoln biopic". Digital Spy.
Jump up ^ Hainey, Michael. "The GQ Cover Story: Liam Neeson". GQ. p. 3. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Actress Sally Field, Part 1". Tavis Smiley. Season 9. November 15, 2012. 08:00 minutes in. PBS. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Tom Chiarella (February 15, 2011). "The Hard Luck and Beautiful Life of Liam Neeson". Esquire. Hearst Communications. Retrieved January 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Shoard, Catherine (November 19, 2010). "Daniel Day-Lewis set for Steven Spielberg's Lincoln film". The Guardian. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ Sheigh Crabtree (May 10, 2008). "Steven Spielberg: He wants to shoot 'Abraham Lincoln' in 2009". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ Charles Winokoor (February 7, 2009). "Film crews may be back in Silver City". Taunton Daily Gazette. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ Kim Masters (February 17, 2009). "Spielberg's Lincoln Troubles". Slate. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Wiggins, F.M. (November 17, 2011). "Lincoln film to come to Petersburg next month". The Progress-Index. Petersburg, Virginia. Archived from the original on November 28, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "IMDb> Lincoln (2012)> Filming locations". imdb.com. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "John Williams' Tracklist For Score To Steven Spielberg's 'Lincoln' Is Suitably Important & Historical". Retrieved August 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "John Williams' Lincoln Score Gently Spoils A Few Key Scenes". Retrieved September 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ Finke, Nikki (October 4, 2012). "Surprise: Steven Spielberg's 'Lincoln' To Premiere Monday At New York Film Festival". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Chan, Stephanie (November 9, 2012). "Steven Spielberg Receives Standing Ovation at 'Lincoln' L.A. Premiere". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Henderson, Jane (16 November 2012). "A few books tied to Spielberg's 'Lincoln'". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved 14 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lincoln Google Hangout and Trailer Premiere Announced for September 13th". ComingSoon.net. Los Angeles, CA. September 4, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Take a Sneak Peek at Steven Spielberg's Lincoln Trailer". ComingSoon.net. Los Angeles, CA. September 10, 2012. Retrieved September 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Justin Sluss (10 January 2013). "Steven Spielberg's Oscar nominated Lincoln comes to Blu-ray in March". Archived from the original on January 12, 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "'Lincoln' top DVD and Blu-ray seller; 'Argo' top rental". The Los Angeles Times. 8 April 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Ford, Rebecca (11 February 2013). "'Lincoln' DVDs to Go to All U.S. Middle and High Schools". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Disney will give "Lincoln" DVD to every middle, high school in U.S." The Denver Post. 12 February 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Solis, Liana (18 February 2013). "Disney announces it will donate Lincoln movie to schools". The Daily Toreador. Retrieved 19 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Lang, Derrick (December 3, 2012). "'Lincoln' Box Office So Strong, Disney Having Hard Time Keeping Up With Demand". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lincoln". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lincoln". Metacritic. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Roger Ebert's review of Lincoln". Retrieved November 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Review by Glenn Kenny (MSN Movies)". Retrieved January 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Making history with 'Lincoln'". Retrieved January 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ McCollum, Charlie (2012-11-07). "Review: An epic 'Lincoln'". San Jose Mercury News.
^ Jump up to: a b Scott, A. O. (8 November 2012). "A President Engaged in a Great Civil War". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
Jump up ^ anistabet (2013-01-13). "Lincoln [2012] | Let's tlk abt movies". Tlkabtmovies.com. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
Jump up ^ Shalom Yerushalmi, "Throne Games" (Hebrew: משחקי הכס), a commentary on the week's political events, Maariv, Feb. 8, 2013
Jump up ^ Tookey, Chris (January 24, 2013). "Abe needs a few amendments: Spielberg's Lincoln biopic is heavy on heroic speeches but light on the historical truth". MailOnline
Jump up ^ "Lincoln's Use of Politics for Noble Ends". NYTimes.com. 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
Jump up ^ Kate Masur (2012-11-12). "In Spielberg's Lincoln, Passive Black Characters". NYTimes.com. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
Jump up ^ Harold Holzer (2012-11-22). "What's True and False in Lincoln Movie". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
Jump up ^ Barry Bradford. "Is the Lincoln Movie Historically Accurate?".
Jump up ^ Frum, David (2012-11-27). "A Civil War Professor Reviews 'Lincoln'". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
Jump up ^ "Understanding Lincoln: An interview with historian Allen Guelzo". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 15 April 2013.
Jump up ^ David O. Stewart (November 20, 2012). "How True is "Lincoln"? | History News Network". Hnn.us. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
Jump up ^ Updated: Nov 23, 2012 04:49 PM EST (2012-11-23). "Fact-Checking Steven Spielberg's 'Lincoln' Movie with Biographer Ronald C. White : Books : Books & Review". Booksnreview.com. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
Jump up ^ "Fact-Checking 'Lincoln': Lincoln's Mostly Realistic; His Advisers Aren't – Joshua Zeitz". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2012-12-04.
Jump up ^ "Panel Discussion for the film LINCOLN". This Week in the Civil War. 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
Jump up ^ "Film Critic Top 10 Lists - Best of 2012". Metacritic. Retrieved 2016-07-27.
Further reading[edit]
Mitchell, Mary Niall. "Seeing Lincoln: Spielberg's Film and the Visual Culture of the Nineteenth Century," Rethinking History 19 (Sept. 2015), 493-505.
Dimock, Wai Chee (Winter 2013). "Crowdsourcing History: Ishmael Reed, Tony Kushner, and Steven Spielberg Update the Civil War". American Literary History. 25 (4): 896–914. doi:10.1093/alh/ajt044.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Lincoln (film)
Official website
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Lincoln at AllMovie
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Lincoln Learning Hub at Disney.com
Official production notes
[hide]
v
t
e
Steven Spielberg
Filmography
Awards and nominations
Films directed
Firelight (1964)
Slipstream (1967)
Amblin' (1968)
Night Gallery ("Eyes" segment, 1969)
L.A. 2017 (1971)
Duel (1971)
Something Evil (1972)
Savage (1973)
The Sugarland Express (1974, also wrote)
Jaws (1975)
Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977, also wrote)
1941 (1979)
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
Twilight Zone: The Movie ("Kick the Can" segment, 1983)
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
The Color Purple (1985)
Empire of the Sun (1987)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
Always (1989)
Hook (1991)
Jurassic Park (1993)
Schindler's List (1993)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
Amistad (1997)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001, also wrote)
Minority Report (2002)
Catch Me If You Can (2002)
The Terminal (2004)
War of the Worlds (2005)
Munich (2005)
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
The Adventures of Tintin (2011)
War Horse (2011)
Lincoln (2012)
Bridge of Spies (2015)
The BFG (2016)
The Post (2017)
Ready Player One (2018)
Films written
Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies (1973)
Poltergeist (1982, also produced)
The Goonies (1985)
Films produced
An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991)
Memoirs of a Geisha (2005)
Flags of Our Fathers (2006)
Letters from Iwo Jima (2006)
Super 8 (2011)
The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014)
Television
Amazing Stories (1985–87)
High Incident (1996–97)
Invasion America (1998)
See also
Steven Spielberg bibliography
Amblin Partners
Amblin Entertainment
Amblin Television
DreamWorks Television
Amblimation
DreamWorks
USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education
[show]
v
t
e
Abraham Lincoln
16th President of the United States (1861–1865)
U.S. Representative from Illinois (1847–1849)
Presidency
First inauguration
Perpetual Union
Lincoln Bible
Second inauguration
Civil War
Confiscation Acts
President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers
War based income tax
Seaports blockade
RMS Trent Affair
Habeas Corpus suspended
Emancipation Proclamation
West Virginia statehood
Overland Campaign strategy
Hampton Roads Conference
Tour of Richmond
Ten percent plan
Reconstruction
13th Amendment abolishing slavery
Dakota War of 1862
Department of the Northwest
Homestead Act of 1862
National Banking Acts
Thanksgiving Day
Birchard Letter
Bixby letter
National Academy of Sciences
Department of Agriculture
Pardons
State of the Union Address, 1863
1864
Cabinet
Judicial appointments
Assassination
Funeral and burial
Lincoln Catafalque
Speeches
Lyceum address (1838)
Peoria speech (1854)
"Lost Speech" (1856)
House Divided speech (1858)
Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858)
Cooper Union Address (1860)
Farewell Address (1861)
First inaugural address (1861)
Gettysburg Address (1863
event)
Second inaugural address (1865)
Life
and views
Early life and career
Black Hawk War
Matson Trial
Spot Resolutions
Boat lifting patent
Hurd v. Rock Island Bridge Co.
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Lincoln's beard
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Fanny McCullough letter
Homes
and places
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Knob Creek Farm
Lincoln Boyhood Memorial
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Ford's Theatre
Petersen House
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Elections
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1860
1864
National Union Party
United States presidential election, 1860
1864
1860 campaign song
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sculpture
reflecting pool
Mount Rushmore
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Lincoln, Nebraska
statue
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Abraham Lincoln: The Man statue
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Kentucky statue
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White House ghost
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Family tree
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Robert Todd Lincoln (son)
Edward Baker Lincoln (son)
William Wallace Lincoln (son)
Thomas "Tad" Lincoln (son)
Mary Todd "Mamie" Lincoln (granddaughter)
Abraham Lincoln II (grandson)
Jessie Lincoln (granddaughter)
Thomas Lincoln (father)
Nancy Hanks Lincoln (mother)
Sarah Bush Lincoln (stepmother)
Sarah Lincoln Grigsby (sister)
Abraham Lincoln (paternal grandfather)
Mordecai Lincoln (paternal uncle)
Mary Lincoln Crume (paternal aunt)
John Hanks (maternal cousin)
Joseph Hanks (great-grandfather)
Samuel Lincoln (17th-century ancestor)
Mary Lincoln Beckwith (great-granddaughter)
Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith (great-grandson)
Timothy Lincoln Beckwith (great-great-grandson)
Old Bob (horse)
← James Buchanan
Andrew Johnson →
Book
Category
Outline
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_(film)&oldid=843633417"
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