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St. Francis Church, Kochi
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Church in Kerala, India
St. Francis CSI Church
Front of the Church
9°57′57″N 76°14′28″E / 9.965945°N 76.241102°E / 9.965945; 76.241102Coordinates: 9°57′57″N 76°14′28″E / 9.965945°N 76.241102°E / 9.965945; 76.241102
Location
Kochi, Kerala
Country
India
Denomination
Church of South India
Website
stfranciscsichurch.org
History
Consecrated
1506
Architecture
Completed
1516
Administration
Diocese
Kochi Diocese
St. Francis Church, in Fort Kochi (Fort Cochin), Kochi, originally built in 1503, is the oldest European church in India[1] and has great historical significance as a mute witness to the European colonial struggle in the subcontinent.[2][3] The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama died in Kochi in 1524 when he was on his third visit to India. His body was originally buried in this church, but after fourteen years his remains were removed to Lisbon.[4][5]
Contents
1 History
2 Vasco da Gama
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Vasco da Gama, who discovered the sea route from Europe to India, landed at Kappad near Kozhikode (Calicut) in 1498.[4] He was followed by Pedro Álvares Cabral[4] and Afonso de Albuquerque. They built Fort Emmanuel at the Fort Kochi Beach with permission from the Raja of Cochin. Within the fort, they built a church with a wooden structure, which was dedicated to St. Bartholomew. The neighbourhood is now known as Fort Kochi.
Towards the entrance in front of St Francis Church
Francisco de Almeida, the Portuguese viceroy, was allowed, in 1506, by the Raja of Cochin to reconstruct wooden buildings in stone and masonry. The wooden church was rebuilt, presumably by the Franciscan friars, with bricks and mortar and a tiled roof was erected. In 1516, the new church was completed and it was dedicated to St. Anthony.[4]
Front view of the church
The Franciscans retained control over the church till the Dutch captured Kochi in 1663. While the Portuguese were Roman Catholics, the Dutch were Protestants. They demolished all the churches except this one. They reconditioned it and converted it into a government church.[4]
In 1795, the British captured Kochi from the Dutch but they allowed the latter to retain the church. In 1804, the Dutch voluntarily handed over the church to the Anglican Communion. It was placed under the Ecclesiastical Department of the Government of India. It is believed that the Anglicans changed the name of the patron saint to St. Francis.[4]
The Church was declared a protected monument in April 1923 under the Protected Monuments Act of 1904. As a protected monument it is under the Archaeological Survey of India but is owned by the Kochi diocese of Church of South India. It has services on Sundays and commemorative days. On weekdays it is kept open for visitors.[4]
Vasco da Gama[edit]
The Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama died in Kochi in 1524 when he was on his third visit to India. His body was originally buried in this church, but after fourteen years his remains were removed to Lisbon.[4][5] The gravestone of Vasco da Gama can still be seen here. It is on the ground at the southern side. The gravestones of other Portuguese are on the northern sidewall and the Dutch on the southern wall. A cenotaph in memory of the residents of Kochi who fell in the World War I was erected in 1920.[4]
See also[edit]
Christianity in India
Church of South India
Kochi Diocese of the Church of South India
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "http://india.gov.in/myindia/facts.php". Govt Of India. Retrieved 2010-01-09. External link in |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "St. Francis Church, Kochi". Wonderful Kerala. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
Jump up ^ Missick, Stephen Andrew. "Mar Thoma: The Apostolic Foundation of the Assyrian Church and the Christians of St. Thomas in India" (PDF). Ancient Indian Christianity. Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies Vol. XIV, no. 2, 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 21 February 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "St. Francis Church". webindia123. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
^ Jump up to: a b Ayub, Akber (ed), Kerala: Maps & More, Fort Kochi, 2006 edition 2007 reprint, pp. 20-24, Stark World Publishing, Bangalore, ISBN 81-902505-2-3
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. Francis Church, Kochi.
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text:
O Holy Night
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see O Holy Night (disambiguation).
O Holy Night
by Adolphe Adam
Native name
Cantique de Noël
Genre
Classical, Christmas
Text
Placide Cappeau
Language
French, English
Performed
1847 (1847)
"O Holy Night" piano solo
"O Holy Night" (French: "Minuit Chretiens!" or "Cantique de Noël") is a well-known Christmas carol composed by Adolphe Adam in 1847 to the French poem "Minuit, chrétiens" (Midnight, Christians) written by a wine merchant and poet, Placide Cappeau (1808–1877). In both the French original and the two familiar English versions of the carol, as well as many other languages, the text reflects on the birth of Jesus and on humanity's redemption.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Lyrics
3 Recordings
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
In Roquemaure at the end of 1843, the church organ had recently been renovated. To celebrate the event, the parish priest asked Cappeau, a native of the town, to write a Christmas poem, even though the latter had never showed any interest in religion, and Cappeau obliged.[1] Soon afterwards, Adam wrote the music. The song was premiered in Roquemaure in 1847 by the opera singer Emily Laurey. Unitarian minister John Sullivan Dwight, editor of Dwight's Journal of Music, created a singing edition based on Cappeau's French text in 1855.[2]
Lyrics[edit]
Placide Cappeau's Cantique de Noël
Literal English translation
Minuit, chrétiens, c'est l'heure solennelle,
Où l'Homme Dieu descendit jusqu'à nous
Pour effacer la tache originelle
Et de Son Père arrêter le courroux.
Le monde entier tressaille d'espérance
En cette nuit qui lui donne un Sauveur.
Peuple à genoux, attends ta délivrance.
Noël, Noël, voici le Rédempteur,
Noël, Noël, voici le Rédempteur!
De notre foi que la lumière ardente
Nous guide tous au berceau de l'Enfant,
Comme autrefois une étoile brillante
Y conduisit les chefs de l'Orient.
Le Roi des rois naît dans une humble crèche:
Puissants du jour, fiers de votre grandeur,
A votre orgueil, c'est de là que Dieu prêche.
Courbez vos fronts devant le Rédempteur.
Courbez vos fronts devant le Rédempteur.
Le Rédempteur a brisé toute entrave:
La terre est libre, et le ciel est ouvert.
Il voit un frère où n'était qu'un esclave,
L'amour unit ceux qu'enchaînait le fer.
Qui lui dira notre reconnaissance,
C'est pour nous tous qu'il naît, qu'il souffre et meurt.
Peuple debout! Chante ta délivrance,
Noël, Noël, chantons le Rédempteur,
Noël, Noël, chantons le Rédempteur!
Midnight, Christians, is the solemn hour,
When God as man descended unto us
To erase the stain of original sin
And to end the wrath of His Father.
The entire world thrills with hope
On this night that gives it a Saviour.
People, kneel down, await your deliverance.
Christmas, Christmas, here is the Redeemer,
Christmas, Christmas, here is the Redeemer!
May the ardent light of our Faith
Guide us all to the cradle of the infant,
As in ancient times a brilliant star
Guided the Oriental kings there.
The King of Kings was born in a humble manger;
O mighty ones of today, proud of your greatness,
It is to your pride that God preaches.
Bow your heads before the Redeemer!
Bow your heads before the Redeemer!
The Redeemer has broken every bond:
The Earth is free, and Heaven is open.
He sees a brother where there was only a slave,
Love unites those that iron had chained.
Who will tell Him of our gratitude,
For all of us He is born, He suffers and dies.
People, stand up! Sing of your deliverance,
Christmas, Christmas, sing of the Redeemer,
Christmas, Christmas, sing of the Redeemer!
John Sullivan Dwight's version
Unattributed version
O holy night! The stars are brightly shining,
It is the night of our dear Saviour's birth.
Long lay the world in sin and error pining,
Till He appear'd and the soul felt its worth.
A thrill of hope, the weary world rejoices,
For yonder breaks a new and glorious morn.
Fall on your knees! O hear the angel voices!
O night divine, O night when Christ was born;
O night divine, O night, O night Divine.
Led by the light of Faith serenely beaming,
With glowing hearts by His cradle we stand.
So led by light of a star sweetly gleaming,
Here come the wise men from the Orient land.
The King of Kings lay thus in lowly manger;
In all our trials born to be our friend.
He knows our need, to our weaknesses no stranger,
Behold your King! Before Him lowly bend!
Behold your King, Before Him lowly bend!
Truly He taught us to love one another;
His law is love and His gospel is peace.
Chains shall He break for the slave is our brother;
And in His name all oppression shall cease.
Sweet hymns of joy in grateful chorus raise we,
Let all within us praise His holy name.
Christ is the Lord! O praise His Name forever,
His power and glory evermore proclaim.
His power and glory evermore proclaim.
O! Holy night! The stars, their gleams prolonging,
Watch o'er the eve of our dear Saviour's birth.
Long lay the world in sin and error, longing
For His appearance, then the Spirit felt its worth.
A thrill of hope; the weary world rejoices,
For yonder breaks a new and glorious morn.
Fall on your knees! O hear the angel voices!
O night divine, the night when Christ was born;
O night, O holy night, O night divine!
Led by the light of faith serenely beaming,
With glowing hearts we stand by the Babe adored.
O'er the world a star is sweetly gleaming,
And come now, Shepherds, from your flocks unboard.
The Son of God lay thus within lowly manger;
In all our trials born to be our Lord.
He knows our need, our weakness never lasting,
Behold your King! By Him, let Earth accord!
Behold your King! By Him, let Earth accord!
Truly He taught us to love one another,
His law is love and His gospel is peace.
Long live His truth, and may it last forever,
For in His name all discordant noise shall cease.
Sweet hymns of joy in grateful chorus raise us,
With all our hearts we praise His holy name.
Christ is the Lord! Then ever, ever praise we,
His power and glory evermore proclaim!
His power and glory evermore proclaim!
(The second and third choruses are
often replaced with a refrain of the first).
(The second verse is often omitted in most public
renderings.)
(Also the final chorus, His power and glory,
evermore proclaim!, is often changed to French-
English mix: Noël, Noël, O Night, O Night Divine.)
Recordings[edit]
The song has been recorded by numerous well-known popular-music, classical-music, and religious-music singers. Some milestones include:
1968: Mahalia Jackson, on her album Christmas With Mahalia[3]
1968: Mireille Mathieu, with her father Roger Mathieu, on her Chante Noël album (re-released as a CD in 2004 with three additional songs)[4]
1992: Bill Pinkney, accompanied by The Original Drifters, for the Wisepack White Christmas Compilation CD[5]
1993: David Foster arranged and produced the song successfully for several different artists including:
1999: Michael Crawford, on the TV special The David Foster Christmas Album; also featured on Foster's best-selling corresponding album (No. 48 Billboard Top 200)[6] as well as Crawford's own A Christmas Album (No. 98 Billboard Top 200)[7]
1999: Trans-Siberian Orchestra's platinum-selling DVD The Ghosts of Christmas Eve[8]
2002: Josh Groban (No. 1 Billboard Adult Contemporary)[7][9]
2004: Celine Dion, featured on her 5× platinum album These Are Special Times[10] (voted most popular)[11]
2009: Andrea Bocelli for his double platinum My Christmas album[12]
1996: John Berry's version charted at No. 55 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs[13]
1997: Martina McBride's rendering charted at No. 74 on Hot Country Songs chart (also No. 67 in 1998, No. 49 in 1999, No. 57 in 2000, and No. 41 in 2001)[14]
2006: Josh Gracin's charted at No. 59 on Hot Country Songs chart[15]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Collins, Ace; [2001], Stories Behind the Best-Loved Songs of Christmas, Grand Rapids, MI, Zondervan, pp. 132–138.
Jump up ^ Nobbman, Dale V. 'Christmas Music Companion Fact Book.' 2000. p 36. Google Books
Jump up ^ http://www.musicstack.com/album/mahalia+jackson/christmas+with+mahalia
Jump up ^ "Mireille Mathieu – Mireille Mathieu Chante Noël (CD, Album) at Discogs". Discogs.com. Retrieved 2013-12-11.
Jump up ^ "CD Album – Various Artistes – White Christmas, Volume 1 – Wisepack UK". 45worlds website. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.musicarchivevault.com, (subscription required)
^ Jump up to: a b "Billboard Singles Charts | Record Research MusicVault". Musicarchivevault.com. Retrieved 2013-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Top Annual Winter Holiday Tour To Kick Off November 6". Trans-siberian.com. Retrieved 2013-12-11.
Jump up ^ "That Josh Groban Guy". That Josh Groban Guy. Retrieved 2013-12-11.
Jump up ^ searchable RIAA database
Jump up ^ Edison Research 2004 seasonal song test poll results
Jump up ^ "Italian tenor's album sales top five million – Thaindian News". Thaindian.com. 2009-12-30. Retrieved 2013-12-11.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 49. ISBN 0-89820-177-2.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, p. 263
Jump up ^ Whitburn, p. 166
External links[edit]
IMSLP Original version in several keys, and various arrangements.
Free sheet music for voice & piano from Cantorion.org
Sheet music for "O Holy Night" (Cantique de Noël)
Tabs for "O Holy Night"
Sheet music for solo piano arrangement of "O Holy Night" (Cantique de Noël)
Preceded by
"Cry" by Faith Hill Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one single by Josh Groban
December 28, 2002 – January 4, 2003 Succeeded by
"Cry" by Faith Hill
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