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Glenn Frey
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Glenn Frey
Frey performing with the Eagles in 2008
Born
Glenn Lewis Frey
(1948-11-06)November 6, 1948
Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
Died
January 18, 2016(2016-01-18) (aged 67)
Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S.
Spouse(s)
Janie Beggs
(m. 1983; div. 1988)

Cindy Millican (m. 1990)
Children
3
Musical career
Genres
Rock
pop rock
soft rock
country rock
Occupation(s)
Singer
songwriter
actor
Instruments
Vocals
guitar
keyboards
Years active
1966–2015
Labels
Asylum
MCA
Associated acts
Eagles
J. D. Souther
Jackson Browne
Linda Ronstadt
Glenn Lewis Frey (/fraɪ/; November 6, 1948 – January 18, 2016) was an American singer, songwriter, actor and founding member of the rock band the Eagles. Frey was the lead singer and frontman for the Eagles, roles he came to share with fellow member Don Henley, with whom he wrote most of the Eagles' material. Frey played guitar and keyboards as well as singing lead vocals on songs such as "Take It Easy", "Peaceful Easy Feeling", "Tequila Sunrise", "Already Gone", "James Dean", "Lyin' Eyes", "New Kid in Town", and "Heartache Tonight".
After the breakup of the Eagles in 1980, Frey embarked on a successful solo career. He released his debut album, No Fun Aloud, in 1982 and went on to record Top 40 hits "The One You Love", "Smuggler's Blues", "Sexy Girl", "The Heat Is On", "You Belong to the City", "True Love", "Soul Searchin'" and "Livin' Right". As a member of the Eagles, Frey won six Grammy Awards, and five American Music Awards. The Eagles were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998, the first year they were nominated. Consolidating his solo recordings and those with the Eagles, Frey had 24 Top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Tenure with the Eagles
3 Solo career
4 Acting career
5 Personal life
6 Illness and death
7 Discography
7.1 Studio albums
7.2 Live albums
7.3 Compilation albums
7.4 Singles
8 Equipment
9 References
10 External links
Early life[edit]
Frey was born in Detroit, Michigan.[1] Growing up in Royal Oak, Michigan, he studied piano at age five, later switched to guitar, and became part of the mid-1960s Detroit rock scene.[2] One of his earliest bands was called the Subterraneans, named after Jack Kerouac's novel,[3] and included fellow Dondero High School classmates Doug Edwards (later replaced by Lenny Mintz) on drums, Doug Gunsch and Bill Barnes on guitar and Jeff Hodge on bass.
Immediately after graduating from Dondero in 1966, he was invited to join The Four of Us, a local band led by Gary Burrows who had seen him performing with the Subterraneans.[3][4] Frey also attended Oakland Community College while in the band, and he learned to sing harmonies performing with The Four of Us.[4] In 1967, he formed the Mushrooms with Gary Burrows' brother Jeff, Bill Barnes, Doug Gunch, and Larry Mintz. That year Frey also met Bob Seger, who helped Frey get a management and recording contract with a label formed by Seger's management team, Hideout Records.[5] Seger also wrote and produced the band's first single, "Such a Lovely Child",[6][7] and the band made television appearances to promote it. Frey had intended to join Seger's group but his mother blocked that course of action for smoking cannabis with Seger.[4] In the later part of 1967, Frey also pulled together another band called Heavy Metal Kids with Jeff Burrows (piano), Jeff Alborell (bass), Paul Kelcourse (lead guitar) and Lance Dickerson (drums).[3]
In 1968, at age 19, Frey played the acoustic guitar and performed background vocals on Seger's single, "Ramblin' Gamblin' Man".[8] Frey has said that Seger strongly encouraged and influenced him to focus on writing original songs.[9] They remained good friends and occasional songwriting partners in later years, and Frey would also sing on Seger's songs such as "Fire Lake" and "Against the Wind".[3][4]
In Detroit, Frey also met and dated Joan Sliwin of the local female group The Mama Cats, which became Honey Ltd. after the group moved to California in 1968.[4] Frey went to Los Angeles hoping to reconnect with his girlfriend, and he was introduced to J. D. Souther by her sister, Alexandra Sliwin, who was with Souther at the time.[10] Frey returned to Detroit after three weeks, but then went back again to Los Angeles to form a duo with Souther called Longbranch Pennywhistle.[11] They were signed to Amos Records and released a self-titled album in 1969, which contains songs he wrote such as "Run, Boy, Run" and "Rebecca", and "Bring Back Funky Women" he co-wrote with Souther.[12] Frey also met Jackson Browne during this period. The three musicians lived in the same apartment building for a short time, and Frey later said that he learned a lot about songwriting from hearing Browne work on songs in the apartment below.[13]
Tenure with the Eagles[edit]
Frey met drummer Don Henley in 1970. They were signed to the same label, Amos Records, at that time and both spent time at the Troubadour. When Linda Ronstadt needed a backup band for an upcoming tour, her manager John Boylan hired Frey because he needed someone who could play rhythm guitar and sing. Don Henley was approached by Frey to join Ronstadt.[14] Randy Meisner and Bernie Leadon were also hired, although as the backing band personnel changed through the tour, the four had only played once together at a gig at Disneyland.[15][16] Frey and Henley decided to form a band together while on the tour, and they were joined by Meisner on bass and Leadon on guitar, banjo, steel guitar, mandolin and dobro, forming the Eagles, with Frey playing guitar and keyboards and Henley playing drums. The band went on to become one of the world's best-selling groups of all time.[17] Frey wrote or co-wrote (often with Henley) many of the group's songs, and sang the lead vocals on a number of Eagles hits including "Take It Easy", "Peaceful Easy Feeling", "Already Gone", "Tequila Sunrise", "Lyin' Eyes", "New Kid in Town", "Heartache Tonight" and "How Long".
The Eagles broke up around 1980 and reunited in 1994, when they released a new album titled Hell Freezes Over. The album had live tracks and four new songs. The Hell Freezes Over Tour followed. In 2012 on The Tavis Smiley Show, Frey told Smiley, "When the Eagles broke up, people used to ask me and Don, 'When are the Eagles getting back together?' We used to answer, 'When Hell freezes over.' We thought it was a pretty good joke. People have the misconception that we were fighting a lot. It is not true. We had a lot of fun. We had a lot more fun than I think people realize."[citation needed] At their first live concert of 1994, Frey told the crowd, "For the record, we never broke up. We just took a 14-year vacation."[18]
The Eagles' album Long Road Out of Eden was released in 2007, and Frey participated in the Eagles' Long Road Out of Eden Tour (2008–2011).[19]
In May 2012, Frey was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Music from Berklee College of Music along with Henley, Joe Walsh and Timothy B. Schmit.[20]
In 2013, the two-part documentary History of the Eagles, directed by Alison Ellwood and co-produced by Academy Award winner Alex Gibney, was aired on Showtime. The documentary won an Emmy Award in 2013 for Outstanding Sound Mixing For Nonfiction Programming. An accompanying two-year History of the Eagles world tour ended on July 29, 2015 at Bossier City, Louisiana, a concert which would be Frey's final public appearance with the band.
Solo career[edit]
After the Eagles disbanded, Frey achieved solo success in the 1980s, especially with two No. 2 hits. In 1984, he recorded in collaboration with Harold Faltermeyer the worldwide hit, "The Heat Is On", the main theme from the Eddie Murphy action comedy film Beverly Hills Cop; then, Frey performed "You Belong to the City" (from the television series Miami Vice, the soundtrack of which stayed on top of the U.S. album charts for 11 weeks in 1985). His other contribution to the soundtrack, "Smuggler's Blues", hit No. 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. During his solo career, Frey had 12 charting songs in the U.S. Top 100. Eleven of those were written with Jack Tempchin who also wrote "Peaceful Easy Feeling".[21]
Frey was the first choice to record "Shakedown", the theme for the film Beverly Hills Cop II. Frey did not like the lyrics and then came down with laryngitis, so the song was given to Bob Seger. After the song went to number one, Frey called to congratulate Seger, saying "At least we kept the money in Michigan!"[22]
Frey also contributed the song "Flip City" to the Ghostbusters II soundtrack, and "Part of Me, Part of You" to the soundtrack for Thelma & Louise. In 2005, he appeared on B.B. King & Friends: 80 on the track "Drivin' Wheel".[23]
In the late 1990s, Frey founded a record company, Mission Records, with attorney Peter Lopez.[24] Frey never released any of his own work on the label and the company has since disbanded.[citation needed]
In 2009, Glenn Frey was voted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame.[25]
On May 8, 2012, he released his first solo album in 20 years, After Hours, featuring covers of pop standards from the 1940s to the 1960s.
Acting career[edit]
As a television actor, Frey guest starred on Miami Vice in the first-season episode "Smuggler's Blues", inspired by his hit song of the same name, and had a starring role in the "Dead Dog Arc" of Wiseguy.[26] He was also the star of South of Sunset, which was canceled after one episode. In the late 1990s, he guest-starred on Nash Bridges as a policeman whose teenage daughter had run amok and gone on a crime spree with her sociopathic boyfriend. In 2002, he appeared on HBO's Arliss, playing a political candidate who double-crosses Arliss and must pay a high price for it.
Frey's first foray into film was his starring role in Let's Get Harry, a 1986 film about a group of plumbers who travel to Colombia to rescue a friend from a drug lord. Frey's next film appearance was a smaller role in Cameron Crowe's third film, Jerry Maguire (1996). Frey played the frugal general manager of the Arizona Cardinals football team who, in the film's climax, finally agrees to pay Cuba Gooding Jr.'s character, wide receiver Rod Tidwell, a large professional contract.[27]
Personal life[edit]
Frey was married twice. From 1983 to 1988, he was married to artist Janie Beggs. He married dancer and choreographer Cindy Millican in 1990. They had three children: a daughter Taylor, and two sons Deacon and Otis, and remained together until his death.[28][29] Deacon Frey, since his father's death, has toured with the surviving Eagles.[30]
Illness and death[edit]
Since about 2000, Frey suffered from rheumatoid arthritis, which affected various joints of his body.[31] The medication that he was prescribed to control the disease eventually led to colitis and pneumonia,[31] and in November 2015, the Eagles announced that they were postponing their appearance at the Kennedy Center Honors as Frey required surgery for intestinal problems and a lengthy recovery period.[32] Following surgery, he was placed in a medically-induced coma at Columbia University Medical Center.[33] Frey died there on January 18, 2016 at the age of 67 from complications of rheumatoid arthritis, acute ulcerative colitis, and pneumonia, while recovering from gastrointestinal tract surgery.[2][34][35][36] Medications for rheumatoid arthritis or ulcerative colitis can compromise the immune system's ability to fight off pneumonia.[37] In January 2018, Frey's wife filed a suit against Mount Sinai Hospital and gastroenterologist Steven Itzkowitz for the wrongful death of Frey.[38]
Frey was publicly mourned by his friends, fellow musicians and bandmates[39] including Don Henley,[40] Randy Meisner,[41] J. D. Souther,[42] Jack Tempchin,[43] Irving Azoff,[44] Linda Ronstadt,[45] Don Felder,[46] and Bob Seger.[47] At the 58th Annual Grammy Awards, the remaining members of the Eagles and Jackson Browne performed "Take It Easy" in his honor.[48] A life-sized statue of Frey was unveiled at the Standin' on the Corner Park in Winslow, Arizona, on September 24, 2016, to honor his songwriting contributions to "Take It Easy", made famous by the Eagles as their first single in 1972.[49] The road that runs next to the high school he attended now bears his name.[50]
Discography[edit]
Studio albums[edit]
Year
Title
Album details
Peak chart positions
Certifications[51]
US
[52]
CAN
[53]
UK
[54]
SWE
[55]
SWI
[56]
1982 No Fun Aloud
Release date: May 28, 1982
Label: Asylum Records
32 — — 39 —
US: Gold
1984 The Allnighter
Release date: June 19, 1984
Label: MCA Records
22 57 31 40 —
US: Gold
1988 Soul Searchin'
Release date: August 15, 1988
Label: MCA Records
36 37 — 36 —
1992 Strange Weather
Release date: June 23, 1992
Label: MCA Records
— — — 34 23
2012 After Hours
Release date: May 8, 2012
Label: Universal Music
116 — 92 — —
"—" denotes releases that did not chart
Live albums[edit]
Year
Title
Album details
1993 Glenn Frey Live
Release date: July 2, 1993
Label: MCA Records
Compilation albums[edit]
Year
Title
Album details
Peak chart positions
US
[57]
US
Cat.
[52]
1995 Solo Collection
Release date: March 28, 1995
Label: MCA
82 23
2000 20th Century Masters –
The Millennium Collection
Release date: September 19, 2000
Label: MCA
— —
2018 Above the Clouds: The Collection[58]
Release date: May 11, 2018
Label: Geffen
— —
Singles[edit]
Year
Single
Peak chart positions
Album
US
[59]
US Main
[60][61]
US
AC
[61][62]
CAN
[63]
CAN AC
[64]
UK
[65]
AUS
NZ
[66]
1982 "I Found Somebody" 31 57 27 — — — 93 — No Fun Aloud
"The One You Love" 15 — 2 12 2 — 50 36
"Don't Give Up" — 25 — — — — — —
"Partytown" — 5 — — — — — —
1983 "All Those Lies" 41 — 28 — — — — —
1984 "Sexy Girl" 20 — 23 48 12 81 76 — The Allnighter
"The Allnighter" 54 — — — — — — —
"The Heat Is On" 2 4 — 8 — 12 2 22 Beverly Hills Cop (soundtrack)
1985 "Smuggler's Blues" 12 13 — 37 — 22 — — The Allnighter / Miami Vice (soundtrack)
"You Belong to the City" 2 1 2 6 2 94 20 46 Miami Vice (soundtrack)
1988 "True Love" 13 15 2 2 — 84 49 — Soul Searchin'
"Soul Searchin'" — — 5 — — — — —
1989 "Livin' Right" 90 — 22 — — — — —
1989 "Flip City" — — — — — — — — Ghostbusters II (soundtrack)
1991 "Part of Me, Part of You" 55 9 7 9 8 — — — Strange Weather
1992 "I've Got Mine" 91 — 12 18 — — — —
"River of Dreams" — — 27 57 34 — — —
1993 "Love in the 21st Century" —A — — — — — — —
1995 "This Way to Happiness" — — — 54 — — — — Solo Collection
"—" denotes releases that did not chart
^Note A The song reached No. 12 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.[67]
Equipment[edit]
Takamine Guitars manufactures a Glenn Frey signature acoustic-electric guitar, the EF360GF. It is designed to replicate the Takamine Frey used for his live and studio applications.[68] In the 1970s, Frey used Martin acoustic guitars in both six- and 12-string versions.[citation needed]
Frey played assorted electric guitars over the years, namely Fender Telecaster, Gibson Les Paul, Gibson SG, Gibson ES-330, Epiphone Casino and Rickenbacker 230,[69] but the electric guitar that is most associated with him was his black Gibson Les Paul Junior, nicknamed Old Black.[70]
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c d "MRRL Hall of Fame: Glenn Frey". Michigan Rock and Roll Legends. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e McCollum, Brian (January 19, 2016). "Glenn Frey details Detroit days in Free Press interview". Detroit Free Press.
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Jump up ^ Browne, David (January 28, 2016). "Glenn Frey: An Oral History". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ Paterson, Beverley (February 18, 2014). "Forgotten series: Glenn Frey and the Mushrooms, "Such A Lovely Child/Burned" (1967)". Something Else.
Jump up ^ "Readers' Poll: The 10 Best Bob Seger Songs – 8. 'Ramblin' Gamblin' Man'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved January 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Glenn Frey Talks Bob Seger And Woodward Avenue". WOMC. March 5, 2013. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
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Jump up ^ Ruhlmann, William. "Eagles – Artist Biography". AllMusic. All Media Network.
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Jump up ^ Subramanian, Courtney (August 21, 2013). "10 Band Reunions that Rocked". Time. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kakkar, Ana (July 11, 2013). "The Eagles: Breakup, The Reunion, & The Long Road Out Of Eden". Spotify. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
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Jump up ^ Bronson, Fred (2003). "672 Shakedown - Bob Seger". The Billboard Book of Number One Hits. Billboard Books. p. 681.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "80 – B.B. King". AllMusic. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Morris, Chris (February 14, 1998). "Frey Goes Indie with Mission Startup". Billboard. p. 65. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Advertising, OJ. "Michigan Rock and Roll Legends - GLENN FREY". www.michiganrockandrolllegends.com.
Jump up ^ "About Glenn Frey". MTV. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Childres, Chad, "Glenn Frey in 'Jerry Maguire' – Musician Movie Cameos", Ultimate Classic Rock, retrieved July 10, 2014
Jump up ^ Perrone, Pierre (January 20, 2016). "Glenn Frey: Singer and songwriter who co-founded the Eagles, the biggest-selling American rock band of all time". independent.co.uk. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Glenn Frey's Children: The Music Legend's Family".
Jump up ^ "Glenn Frey's son Deacon joins Eagles as the band eyes a new tour". November 20, 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Kenneally, Tim; Waxman, Sharon. "Glenn Frey's Medication Contributed to His Death, Manager Says". thewrap.com. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kreps, Daniel (November 7, 2015). "Eagles Postpone Kennedy Center Honors Due to Glenn Frey's Surgery". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ Li, David K. "Eagles manager says arthritis pills played role in Frey's death". pagesix.com.
Jump up ^ "The Eagles' Glenn Frey dead at 67". CNN. January 18, 2016. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Morton, Victor (January 18, 2016). "Glenn Frey, Eagles guitarist, dies at 67". The Washington Times. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Staff (January 18, 2016). "Founding Member Of Eagles Glenn Frey Dies At 67, Band's Website, Rep Report". CBS News. Retrieved January 18, 2016 – via CBS Los Angeles.
Jump up ^ Kenneally, Tim. "Glenn Frey's Death: Rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Can Lead to 'Disaster,' Doctor Says". The Wrap. Retrieved November 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Widow Of Glenn Frey Sues Hospital Over Husband's Death - Noise11.com". www.noise11.com.
Jump up ^ "It Is With The Heaviest of Hearts That We Announce…" (Press release). Eagles. January 18, 2016. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
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Jump up ^ Dillon, Nancy (January 19, 2016). "Eagles bassist Randy Meisner sad he and the late Glenn Frey can't 'Take It to the Limit' one more time". Daily News. New York.
Jump up ^ Cashmere, Paul (January 20, 2016). "Music News JD Souther Issues Statement About Glenn Frey". Noise11.com. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cashmere, Paul. "Jack Tempchin Shares Thoughts About Glenn Frey". noise11.com. Retrieved January 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Waddell, Ray (January 18, 2016). "Eagles Manager Irving Azoff 'Heartbroken' Over Death of Glenn Frey: 'I Can't Believe He's Gone'". Billboard. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
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Jump up ^ Sinclair, Paul (March 16, 2018). "Glenn Frey / Above The Clouds: The Collection / new four-disc package". superdeluxeedition.com. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
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Jump up ^ "Glenn Frey Limited Edition Rickenbacker". rickenbacker.com. Retrieved July 3, 2017.
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External links[edit]
Glenn Frey on IMDb
Glenn Frey at Find a Grave
hide
v
t
e
Glenn Frey
Studio albums
No Fun Aloud
The Allnighter
Soul Searchin'
Strange Weather
After Hours
Live albums
Glenn Frey Live
Compilations
Solo Collection
Singles
"The One You Love"
"Sexy Girl"
"The Heat Is On"
"Smuggler's Blues"
"You Belong to the City"
"True Love"
"Soul Searchin'"
"Livin' Right"
See also
Eagles
show
v
t
e
Eagles
Glenn Frey
Don Henley
Bernie Leadon
Randy Meisner
Don Felder
Joe Walsh
Timothy B. Schmit
Studio albums
Eagles
Desperado
On the Border
One of These Nights
Hotel California
The Long Run
Long Road Out of Eden
Compilation
Their Greatest Hits (1971–1975)
Eagles Greatest Hits, Vol. 2
The Very Best of the Eagles
Selected Works: 1972–1999
The Very Best Of
Eagles
Live releases
Eagles Live
Hell Freezes Over
Farewell 1 Tour: Live from Melbourne
Singles
"Take It Easy"
"Witchy Woman"
"Peaceful Easy Feeling"
"Tequila Sunrise"
"Outlaw Man"
"Already Gone"
"James Dean"
"Best of My Love"
"One of These Nights"
"Lyin' Eyes"
"Take It to the Limit"
"New Kid in Town"
"Hotel California"
"Life in the Fast Lane"
"Please Come Home for Christmas"
"Heartache Tonight"
"The Long Run"
"I Can't Tell You Why"
"Seven Bridges Road"
"Get Over It"
"Love Will Keep Us Alive"
"Hole in the World"
"How Long"
"Busy Being Fabulous"
Other songs
"Desperado"
"Ol' '55"
"The Last Resort"
"In the City"
Tours
Long Road Out of Eden Tour
History of the Eagles Tour
Peoples
Linda Ronstadt
Jackson Browne
J. D. Souther
Jack Tempchin
Bill Szymczyk
Glyn Johns
Related
Discography
Poco
Flying Burrito Brothers
Common Thread: The Songs of the Eagles
History of the Eagles
Heaven and Hell: My Life in the Eagles (1974–2001)
Book
Category
show
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Grammy Award for Record of the Year
1959−1980
"Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu (Volare)" by Domenico Modugno (1959)
"Mack the Knife" by Bobby Darin (1960)
"Theme from A Summer Place" by Percy Faith (1961)
"Moon River" by Henry Mancini (1962)
"I Left My Heart in San Francisco" by Tony Bennett (1963)
"Days of Wine and Roses" by Henry Mancini (1964)
"The Girl from Ipanema" by Astrud Gilberto & Stan Getz (1965)
"A Taste of Honey" by Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass (1966)
"Strangers in the Night" by Frank Sinatra (1967)
"Up, Up and Away" by The 5th Dimension (Billy Davis Jr., Florence LaRue, Marilyn McCoo, Lamont McLemore, Ron Townson) (1968)
"Mrs. Robinson" by Simon & Garfunkel (Art Garfunkel, Paul Simon) (1969)
"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" by The 5th Dimension (Billy Davis Jr., Florence LaRue, Marilyn McCoo, Lamont McLemore, Ron Townson) (1970)
"Bridge over Troubled Water" by Simon & Garfunkel (Art Garfunkel, Paul Simon) (1971)
"It's Too Late" by Carole King (1972)
"The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" by Roberta Flack (1973)
"Killing Me Softly with His Song" by Roberta Flack (1974)
"I Honestly Love You" by Olivia Newton-John (1975)
"Love Will Keep Us Together" by Captain & Tennille (Daryl Dragon, Toni Tennille) (1976)
"This Masquerade" by George Benson (1977)
"Hotel California" by Eagles (Don Felder, Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Randy Meisner, Joe Walsh) (1978)
"Just the Way You Are" by Billy Joel (1979)
"What a Fool Believes" by The Doobie Brothers (Jeffrey Baxter, John Hartman, Keith Knudsen, Michael McDonald, Tiran Porter, Patrick Simmons) (1980)
1981−2000
"Sailing" by Christopher Cross (1981)
"Bette Davis Eyes" by Kim Carnes (1982)
"Rosanna" by Toto (Bobby Kimball, Steve Lukather, David Paich, Jeff Porcaro, David Hungate, Steve Porcaro) (1983)
"Beat It" by Michael Jackson (1984)
"What's Love Got to Do with It" by Tina Turner (1985)
"We Are the World" by USA for Africa (1986)
"Higher Love" by Steve Winwood (1987)
"Graceland" by Paul Simon (1988)
"Don't Worry, Be Happy" by Bobby McFerrin (1989)
"Wind Beneath My Wings" by Bette Midler (1990)
"Another Day in Paradise" by Phil Collins (1991)
"Unforgettable" by Natalie Cole with Nat King Cole (1992)
"Tears in Heaven" by Eric Clapton (1993)
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Jordan River
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the river in the Middle East. For other rivers named Jordan River, see Jordan River (disambiguation).
"River Jordan" redirects here. For other uses, see River Jordan (disambiguation).
"The Jordan" redirects here. For other uses, see Jordan (disambiguation).
Jordan River (Hebrew: נהר הירדן, Nahar ha-Yarden
Arabic: نهر الأردن, Nahr al-Urdun)
River
Jordan River
Name origin: Hebrew: ירדן (yardén, “descender”), from ירד (yarad, “to descend”)[1]
Country
Jordan, Palestine, Israel, Syria
Regions
Middle East, Eastern Mediterranean littoral
District
Galilee
Tributaries
- left Banias River, Dan River, Yarmouk River, Zarqa River
- right Hasbani or Snir River, Iyyon Stream
Landmarks
Sea of Galilee, Baptismal site, Dead Sea
Source
- location Anti-Lebanon Mountain Range at Mount Hermon, Golan Heights
- elevation 2,814 m (9,232 ft)
Mouth
Dead Sea
- elevation −416 m (−1,365 ft)
Length
251 km (156 mi)
The Jordan River runs along the border between Jordan, the Palestinian West Bank, Israel and southwestern Syria.
The Jordan River (also River Jordan; Classical Syriac: ܢܗܪܐ ܕܝܘܪܕܢܢ, Hebrew: נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן Nahar ha-Yarden; Arabic: نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ Nahr al-Urdunn, Ancient Greek: Ιορδάνης, Iordànes) is a 251-kilometre (156 mi)-long river in the Middle East that flows roughly north to south through the Sea of Galilee and on to the Dead Sea. Jordan and the Golan Heights border the river to the east, while the West Bank and Israel lie to its west. Both Jordan and the West Bank take their names from the river.
The river has a major significance in Judaism and Christianity. This is the site where the Israelites crossed into the Promised Land and where Jesus of Nazareth was baptised by John the Baptist.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Geography
1.1 Tributaries
2 History
3 Roads, border crossings, bridges
4 Importance as a water source
5 Hebrew Bible
6 New Testament
7 Cultural significance
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Geography[edit]
River Jordan draining into the Dead Sea
The Jordan River has an upper course from its sources to the Sea of Galilee, and a lower course south of the Sea of Galilee down to the Dead Sea. In traditional terminology, the upper course (or most of it) is commonly referred to as passing through the "Hula Valley", as opposed to "Upper Jordan Valley"; the Sea of Galilee through which the river passes is a separate entity; and the term Jordan Valley is reserved for the lower course.
Over its upper course, the river drops rapidly in a 75-kilometre (47 mi) run to the once large and swampy Lake Hula, which is slightly above sea level. Exiting the now much diminished lake, it goes through an even steeper drop over the 25 kilometres (16 mi) down to the Sea of Galilee, which it enters at its northern end. The Jordan deposits much of the silt it is carrying within the lake, which it leaves again near its southern tip. At that point the river is situated about 210 metres below sea level. The last 120-kilometre (75 mi)-long section follows what is commonly termed the "Jordan Valley", which has less gradient (the total drop is another 210 metres) so that the river meanders before entering the Dead Sea, a terminal lake about 422 metres below sea level with no outlet. Two major tributaries enter from the east during this last section: the Yarmouk River and Zarqa River.
Its section north of the Sea of Galilee (Hebrew: כנרת Kinneret, Arabic: Bohayrat Tabaraya, meaning Lake of Tiberias) is within the boundaries of Israel, and forms the western boundary of the Golan Heights. South of the lake, it forms the border between the Kingdom of Jordan (to the east), and Israel (to the west).
Tributaries[edit]
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Aerial view, 1938
The streams coming together to create the River Jordan in its upper basin are, west to east:
Iyyon (Hebrew: עיון Iyyon, Arabic: دردره Dardara or براغيث Braghith – on old PEF maps (1871–77) as Wadi el-Kharrar in the Merj 'Ayun area and Nahr Bareighit in its lower part), a stream which flows from Lebanon.
Hasbani (Arabic: الحاصباني Hasbani, Hebrew: either שניר Snir or Hatzbani), a stream which flows from Mount Lebanon[citation needed].
Dan (Hebrew: דן Dan, Arabic: اللدان Leddan), a stream whose source is also at the base of Mount Hermon.
Banias (Arabic: بانياس Banias, Hebrew: either Banias or חרמון Hermon), a stream arising from a spring at Banias at the foot of Mount Hermon.
South of the Sea of Galilee the Jordan River receives the waters of further tributaries, the main ones being
Yarmouk River
Zarqa River
Smaller tributaries in this segment are
Wadi al-Far'a
Wadi Qelt
History[edit]
In the 19th century the River Jordan and the Dead Sea were explored by boat primarily by Christopher Costigan in 1835, Thomas Howard Molyneux in 1847, William Francis Lynch in 1848, and John MacGregor in 1869.[3] The full text of W. F. Lynch's 1849 book Narrative of the United States' Expedition to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea is available online.
Coloured postcard of the Jordan River, by Karimeh Abbud, circa 1925
In 1964, Israel began operating a pumping station that diverts water from the Sea of Galilee to the National Water Carrier. Also in 1964, Jordan constructed a channel that diverted water from the Yarmouk River, another main tributary of the Jordan River to the East Ghor Canal. Syria has also built reservoirs that catch the Yarmouk's waters. Environmentalists blame Israel, Jordan and Syria for extensive damage to the Jordan River ecosystem.[4]
In modern times, the waters are 70% to 90% used for human purposes and the flow is greatly reduced. Because of this and the high evaporation rate of the Dead Sea, as well as industrial extraction of salts through evaporation ponds, the sea is shrinking. All the shallow waters of the southern end of the sea have been drained in modern times and are now salt flats.
A small section of the northernmost portion of the Lower Jordan, the first ca. 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) below the Sea of Galilee, has been kept pristine for baptism and local tourism. Most polluted is the 100-kilometre downstream stretch—a meandering stream from above the confluence with the Yarmouk to the Dead Sea. Environmentalists say the practice of letting sewage and brackish water flow into the river has almost destroyed its ecosystem. Rescuing the Jordan could take decades, according to environmentalists.[4] In 2007, Friends of the Earth Middle East (FoEME) named the Jordan River as one of the world's 100 most endangered ecological sites, due in part to lack of cooperation between Israel and neighboring Arab states.[5] The same environmentalist organization had said in a report that the Jordan River could dry up by 2011 unless the decay was stopped.[6] The flow rate of the Jordan River once was 1.3 billion cubic metres per year; as of 2010, just 20 to 30 million cubic metres per year flow into the Dead Sea.[6] Recent literature shows the role of power asymmetries and of discourses and narratives in shaping hydropolitics along the Jordan River Basin.[7]
Roads, border crossings, bridges[edit]
Rafting on Jordan River, Northern Galilee
Route 90, part of which is named after Rehavam Zeevi, connects the northern and southern tips of the Israeli-occupied West Bank and parallels the Jordan River on the western side.
There are two border crossings between Israel and Jordan which cross the river over bridges. The northern one, Jordan River Crossing or Sheikh Hussein Bridge is near Beit She'an; the southern one, Allenby Bridge (also King Hussein Bridge), is near Jericho.
From the bridges crossing the river within Israel, the most famous one is the Bnot Ya'akov Bridge (Hebrew: Gesher Bnot Ya'akov, "Daughters of Jacob Bridge").
Arik Bridge at the northern end of the Sea of Galilee; allows access to the central Golan Heights, was crucial in the 1967 and 1973 wars
Al-Sinnabra at the spot where the river used to exit the Sea of Galilee in the past; few remains excavated by archaeologists
Jisr el-Majami' north of Beit She'an/Beisan; closed
Damiya or Adam Bridge halfway between Jericho and Beit She'an; closed
Another closed bridge is the King Abdullah Bridge south of the Allenby Bridge.
Importance as a water source[edit]
The waters of the Jordan River are the second largest water resource for Israel, desalination of sea water from the Mediterranean being the first. Israel's National Water Carrier, completed in 1964, delivers water from the Sea of Galilee to the Israeli coastal plain.
Jordan receives 50,000,000 cubic metres (1.8×109 cu ft) of water from the river, a quantity which is regulated by the 1994 peace treaty with Israel.[8] In the past, one of the main water resources in Jordan was the Jordan River, with a flow of 1.3 billion m3 per year (BCM/yr). However, after Israel built the National Water Carrier in 1953 and diverted water from Lake Tiberias to Israel’s coastal plains and southern desert, the flow of the Lower Jordan River dropped significantly. The 50 MCM/yr that Israel provides from Lake Tiberias as part of the 1994 peace treaty was meant to compensate for this loss. A 2010 study found that the Lower Jordan River has been reduced to 2% of its historic flow.[citation needed] Water quality has also deteriorated sharply, with high levels of salinity and pollution from agricultural fertilizer and untreated wastewater upstream in Israel and the West Bank.[9]
Conflict about the waters of the Jordan River was a contributing factor to the Six-Day War when, starting in 1965, Syria attempted to divert some of its headwaters in collaboration with Lebanon and Jordan.[10] The diversion works would have reduced the water availability for Israel's carrier by about 35%, and Israel's overall water supply by about 11%.[11]
Hebrew Bible[edit]
In the Hebrew Bible the Jordan is referred to as the source of fertility of a large plain ("Kikkar ha-Yarden"), said to be watered like "the garden of the LORD" (Genesis 13:10). There is no regular description of the Jordan in the Bible; only scattered and indefinite references to it are given. Jacob crossed it and its tributary, the Jabbok (the modern Al-Zarqa), on his way back from Haran (Genesis 32:11, 32:23–24). It is noted as the line of demarcation between the "two tribes and the half tribe" settled to the east (Numbers 34:15) and the "nine tribes and the half tribe of Manasseh" that, led by Joshua, settled to the west (Joshua 13:7, passim).
Opposite Jericho, it was called "the Jordan of Jericho" (Numbers 34:15; 35:1). The Jordan has a number of fords, and one of them is famous as the place where many Ephraimites were slain by Jephthah (Judges 12:5–6). It seems that these are the same fords mentioned as being near Beth-barah, where Gideon lay in wait for the Midianites (Judges 7:24). In the plain of the Jordan, between Succoth and Zarthan, is the clay ground where Solomon had his brass-foundries (1 Kings 7:46). In 2 Kings 6:1-4 the Jordan valley is portrayed as a woodland region. Biblical commentator Albert Barnes suggested that "trees were rare in most parts of Palestine, but plentiful in the Jordan Valley".[12]
In biblical history, the Jordan appears as the scene of several miracles, the first taking place when the Jordan, near Jericho, was crossed by the Israelites under Joshua (Joshua 3:15–17). Later the two tribes and the half tribe that settled east of the Jordan built a large altar on its banks as "a witness" between them and the other tribes (Joshua 22:10, 22:26, et seq.). The Jordan was crossed by Elijah and Elisha on dry ground (2 Kings 2:8, 2:14). The prophet and wonder-worker Elisha performed two miracles at the Jordan: he healed Naaman's leprosy by having him bathe in its waters (2 Kings 5:14), and he made an axe head lost by one of the "children of the prophets" float, by throwing a piece of wood into the water (2 Kings 6:6).
New Testament[edit]
Jordanian Christian women visiting Al-Maghtas site, 28 November 1913.
Al-Maghtas ruins on the Jordanian side of the Jordan River are the location for the Baptism of Jesus and the ministry of John the Baptist
The New Testament states that John the Baptist baptised unto repentance [13] in the Jordan (Matthew 3:5–6; Mark1:5; Luke 3:3; John1:28). These acts of Baptism are also reported as having taken place at Bethabara (John 1:28).
Jesus came to be baptised by him there (Matthew 3:13; Mark 1:9; Luke 3:21, 4:1). The Jordan is also where John the Baptist bore record of Jesus as the Son of God and Lamb of God (John 1:29–36).
The prophecy of Isaiah regarding the Messiah which names the Jordan (Isaiah 9:1–2) is also reported in Matthew 4:15.
The New Testament speaks several times about Jesus crossing the Jordan during his ministry (Matthew 19:1; Mark 10:1), and of believers crossing the Jordan to come hear him preach and to be healed of their diseases (Matthew 4:25; Mark 3:7–8). When his enemies sought to capture him, Jesus took refuge at Jordan in the place John had first baptised (John 10:39–40).
Evidence from scriptures and archaeological findings has concluded that the site called Al-Maghtas on the Jordanian side is the most accurate location for the Baptism of Jesus and the ministry of John. This has led to choosing Al-Maghtas as a UNESCO World Heritage site, which took place in 2015.[14]
Cultural significance[edit]
The Jordan is a frequent symbol in folk, gospel, and spiritual music, and in poetic and literary works.
Because, according to Jewish tradition, the Israelites made a difficult and hazardous journey from slavery in Egypt to freedom in the Promised Land, the Jordan can refer to freedom. The actual crossing is the final step of the journey, which is then complete.
Because of the baptism of Jesus, water from the Jordan is employed for the christening of heirs and princes in several Christian royal houses, such as the cases of Prince George of Cambridge, Simeon of Bulgaria[15] and James Ogilvy.[16]
The baptism of Jesus is referred to in a hymn by the reformer Martin Luther, "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" (1541), base for a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach, Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam, BWV 7 (1724).
The Jordan River, due primarily to its rich spiritual importance, has provided inspiration for countless songs, hymns, and stories, including the traditional African-American spiritual/folk songs "Michael Row the Boat Ashore", "Deep River", and "Roll, Jordan, Roll". It is mentioned in the songs "Eve of Destruction", "Will You Be There", and "The Wayfaring Stranger" and in "Ol' Man River" from the musical Show Boat. "The Far Side Banks of Jordan" by Johnny Cash and June Carter Cash on June's Grammy Award-winning studio album, Press On, mentions the Jordan River as well as the Promised Land. Jordan River is also the subject of roots reggae artist Burning Spear's song of the same title.[17]
See also[edit]
Islam portal
Judaism portal
Christianity portal
Jordan Rift Valley
Jordan Valley (Middle East)
Ed-Dikke synagogue
Island of Peace
Naharayim
Ænon
Baptism of Jesus
Bethabara
Steven Collins (archaeologist) 2005 to present, archaeologist in the Jordan River Valley
Fair river sharing
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Klein, Ernest, A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Hebrew Language for Readers of English, The University of Haifa, Carta, Jerusalem, p. 264
Jump up ^ "An Interfaith Look at the Jordan River". Retrieved 16 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "History of the Dead Sea - Discover the Dead Sea with Us!". 1 July 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Plushnick-Masti, Ramil (10 September 2006). "Raw Sewage Taints Sacred Jordan River". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Endangered Jordan", Dateline World Jewry, World Jewish Congress, September, 2007
^ Jump up to: a b "Jordan River could die by 2011: report". Retrieved 16 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Hussein, Hussam, and Mattia Grandi. "Dynamic political contexts and power asymmetries: the cases of the Blue Nile and the Yarmouk Rivers." International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics (2017): 1-20.
Jump up ^ Susskind, Lawrence; Shafiqul Islam (2012). "Water Diplomacy: Creating Value and Building Trust in Transboundary Water Negotiations". Science & Diplomacy. 1 (3).
Jump up ^ "Surface and Groundwater of Jordan". Fanack Water. Fanack Water of the Middle East and North Africa.
Jump up ^ Mehr, Farhang, "The politics of water," in Antonino Zichichi, Richard C. Ragaini, eds., International Seminar on Nuclear War and Planetary Emergencies, 30th session, Erice, Italy, 18–26 August 2003, Ettore Majorana International Centre for Scientific Culture, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pie. Ltd., 2004, p. 258, 259
Jump up ^ "Appendix C: Historical review of the political riparian issues in the development of the Jordan River and basin management". Murakami. 1995.
Jump up ^ Barnes' Notes on 2 Kings 6, accessed 26 December 2017
Jump up ^ Cf. Acts 19:4
Jump up ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Baptism Site "Bethany Beyond the Jordan" (Al-Maghtas)". Retrieved 16 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Kate Connolly, "Once upon a time in Bulgaria", The Guardian, 20 June 2001.
Jump up ^ "Baptized". Time. May 22, 1964. Retrieved 2008-03-11. water from the River Jordan was sent for the occasion;
Jump up ^ "Jah Lyrics: Burning Spear - Jordan River Lyrics". Retrieved 16 January 2017.
External links[edit]
Media related to Jordan River at Wikimedia Commons
SMART – Multilateral project for sustainable water management in the lower Jordan Valley
Inventory of Conflict and Environment (ICE), Jordan River Dispute
"Map of the River Jordan and Dead Sea: And the Route of the Party Under the Command of Lieutenant W.F. Lynch, United States Navy" is a map from the mid-19th century of the River Jordan and Dead Sea
"The Jordan River" in which John the Baptist baptized his cousin Jesus of Nazareth. (Yardenit.com)
Coordinates: 33°11′12″N 35°37′09″E / 33.18667°N 35.61917°E / 33.18667; 35.61917
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 82144647638107715569
LCCN: sh85070703
ISNI: 0000 0004 0644 1982
GND: 4096627-6
SUDOC: 059298871
BNF: cb157254959 (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jordan_River&oldid=836757407"
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text:
Brenda's Got a Baby
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Brenda's Got a Baby"
Single by 2Pac
from the album 2Pacalypse Now
Released
October 20, 1991
Format
12" single
Recorded
1991
Genre
Conscious hip hop, alternative hip hop
Length
3:55
Label
Interscope
Songwriter(s)
T. Shakur, D. Evans
Producer(s)
Deion "Big D" Evans, The Underground Railroad
2Pac singles chronology
"Same Song (Digital Underground song)"
(1991) "Brenda's Got a Baby"
(1991) "If My Homie Calls"
(1991)
"Same Song (Digital Underground song)"
(1991) "Brenda's Got a Baby"
(1991) "If My Homie Calls"
(1991)
Audio sample
file
help
Music video
"Brenda's Got a Baby" on YouTube
"Brenda's Got a Baby" is the solo debut single by Tupac Shakur, and tenth track from his debut album, 2Pacalypse Now. The song, which features R&B singer Dave Hollister, is about a 12-year-old girl named Brenda who lives in a ghetto and has a baby she can't support. The song explores the issue of teen pregnancy and its effect on young mothers and their families. Like many of Shakur's songs, "Brenda's Got a Baby" draws from the plight of the impoverished. Using Brenda to represent young mothers in general, Shakur criticises the low level of support from the baby's father, the government, and society in general. Shakur wrote the song when he read a newspaper article about a 12-year-old girl who became pregnant from her cousin and threw the baby into a trash compactor.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Music video
3 Charts
4 References
Lyrics[edit]
The opening consists of a duet singing the song's title twice. Much of the rest of the song is one long verse performed by Tupac.
The verse begins with Tupac telling a group that he has heard about Brenda's pregnancy. He also notes that she has had virtually no education, and calls this a "damn shame" because she has little hope of a future. Her family is very poor and her father is a drug addict. Brenda is impregnated by her unnamed boyfriend, who is also her cousin, but she is successfully able to hide her pregnancy. Tupac explains that her family wouldn't care if she gave birth, as long as they got their cut of the government assistance.
Although she believes that her cousin (her baby's father) will stay with her and help her raise their child, he is merely a molester, and abandons her before she gives birth on the bathroom floor. She throws the baby into a trash bin but later retrieves it when she hears it crying. Her mother scolds her severely, and Brenda becomes so ashamed of herself that she runs away from home.
Brenda is now forced to live alone, and unsuccessfully seeks employment. Her attempt to sell crack cocaine results in robbery, and eventually she views prostitution as her only way to earn money and survive. This life path leads to her getting murdered. The fates of her parents, her cousin, and the baby are left unexplained. The song's final minute consists of a chorus singing "Don't you know she's got a baby?" repeatedly. The beginning of the song can be heard in The Game's song "Street Riders" 2Pac has another song which he made late in his career which deals with this same subject called "Mama's Just a Little Girl". The song can be found on his fourth posthumous studio album Better Dayz.
Music video[edit]
The video of the song is in black-and-white. It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates. The first part shows Shakur and "Brenda" and then the actual story starts. Ethel "Edy" Proctor portrays Brenda.
The video begins with "based on a true story," although the characters themselves are fictitious, Shakur wrote the song after reading a story in the newspaper of a 12-year-old girl getting pregnant by her cousin and trying to dispose of the baby in a trash can.
Parts of the video were included in Tupac: Resurrection, a 2003 documentary on 2Pac's life, in a television show later in the music video of Ghetto Gospel, in the music video of Changes and appears as a bonus in its entirety on the film's DVD. Part of the video and song was played in 2Pac's biopic film, "All Eyez On Me," released June 16th 2017.
The video was directed by the Hughes Brothers.
Charts[edit]
Chart (1991)
Peak
position
US Rap Singles (Billboard)[2]
3
US R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[2]
23
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hedges, Chris (March 29, 1991). "A Child-Mother in the Jaws of New York". NYTimes.com. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "2Pac – Awards". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved July 7, 2014.
[hide]
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Tupac Shakur
Studio albums
2Pacalypse Now
Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...
Thug Life: Volume 1
Me Against the World
All Eyez on Me
The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory
Posthumous albums
R U Still Down? (Remember Me)
Still I Rise
Until the End of Time
Better Dayz
Loyal to the Game
Pac's Life
Live albums
2Pac Live
Live at the House of Blues
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits
The Rose That Grew from Concrete
The Prophet: The Best of the Works
Nu-Mixx Klazzics
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The Rose, Vol. 2
The Prophet Returns
Beginnings: The Lost Tapes 1988–1991
Nu-Mixx Klazzics Vol. 2
Best of 2Pac
Related albums
Nothing but Trouble (soundtrack)
Sons of the P
Juice (soundtrack)
Poetic Justice (soundtrack)
Above the Rim (soundtrack)
Gridlock'd (soundtrack)
Gang Related (soundtrack)
A 2Pac Tribute: Dare 2 Struggle
Extended plays
Makaveli & Dillinger Don't Go 2 Sleep
Singles
"Brenda's Got a Baby"
"If My Homie Calls"
"Trapped"
"Holler If Ya Hear Me"
"I Get Around"
"Keep Ya Head Up"
"Papa'z Song"
"Cradle to the Grave"
"Dear Mama"
"So Many Tears"
"Temptations"
"California Love"
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted"
"How Do U Want It"
"All Bout U"
"I Ain't Mad at Cha"
"Life Goes On"
"Toss It Up"
"To Live & Die in LA"
"Hail Mary"
"Wanted Dead or Alive"
"Made Niggaz"
Posthumous singles
"I Wonder If Heaven Got a Ghetto"
"Do for Love"
"Changes"
"Unconditional Love"
"Baby Don't Cry (Keep Ya Head Up II)"
"Who Do U Believe In"
"Until the End of Time"
"Letter 2 My Unborn"
"Thugz Mansion"
"Still Ballin'"
"Runnin' (Dying to Live)"
"One Day at a Time (Em's Version)"
"Thugs Get Lonely Too"
"Ghetto Gospel"
"Untouchable"
"Pac's Life"
"Playa Cardz Right"
Other songs
"I Don't Give a Fuck"
"Runnin' (From tha Police)"
"Hit 'Em Up"
"Are U Still Down"
"Panther Power"
Featured singles
"Smile"
"Playa Cardz Right"
Books
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Stage
Holler If Ya Hear Me
Filmography
Nothing but Trouble
Juice
Poetic Justice
Above the Rim
Bullet
Gridlock'd
Gang Related
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Biggie & Tupac
Tupac: Resurrection
Tupac: Assassination
Outlawz
Yaki Kadafi
Kastro
Napoleon
E.D.I. Mean
Hussein Fatal
Mussolini
Komani
Young Noble
Related articles
Discography
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Outlawz
Digital Underground
Afeni Shakur
Assata Shakur
Mopreme Shakur
Mutulu Shakur
East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry
Makaveli Branded Clothing
Niccolò Machiavelli
Orlando Anderson
Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts
Billy Garland
Kadafi
List of awards and nominations received by Tupac Shakur
Murder of Tupac Shakur
All Eyez on Me
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brenda%27s_Got_a_Baby&oldid=815832183"
Categories:
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