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Clara Oswald
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Clara Oswald
Doctor Who character
Jenna Coleman as Clara Oswald
First appearance
"Asylum of the Daleks" (2012)
Last appearance
"Twice Upon a Time" (2017)
Portrayed by
Jenna Coleman
Information
Affiliated
Eleventh Doctor
Twelfth Doctor
Species
Human
Home planet
Earth
Other portrayals
Sophie Downham
Clara Oswald is a fictional character created by Steven Moffat and portrayed by Jenna Coleman in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. First appearing in December 2012 in the show's seventh series, Clara served as a companion of the eleventh and twelfth incarnations of the alien time traveller known as the Doctor (portrayed by Matt Smith and Peter Capaldi, respectively).
Clara is initially presented to the audience during the first half of Series 7 as three distinct, though similarly named, people living in different eras of time. The first two incarnations, Oswin Oswald and Clara Oswin Oswald, each die during the episode in which they appear. The third incarnation becomes the Doctor's companion, travelling with him for the remainder of the series as he tries to uncover the mystery of her multiple lives. The mystery is later resolved in "The Name of the Doctor" (2013). She continues to travel with the Doctor, witnessing him regenerate into his twelfth incarnation in "The Time of the Doctor" (2013). The pair have various adventures together in Series 8 and Series 9 until she departs the show in "Hell Bent" (2015). She reappears briefly in the 2017 Christmas special "Twice Upon A Time".
Contents
[hide]
1 Appearances
1.1 Television
1.2 Other media
2 Casting and development
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Appearances[edit]
Television[edit]
Oswin Oswald is introduced in the series 7 premiere, "Asylum of the Daleks" (2012). She is the sole survivor of the starship Alaska, which crashed on the Asylum, a prison planet for insane Daleks. Oswin then learns from the Eleventh Doctor (Matt Smith) that she has been converted from human into a Dalek and has coped by retreating into a fantasy of her own intact survival. She assists the Doctor and his travelling companions, Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) and Rory Williams (Arthur Darvill), to escape the planet unharmed, but at the cost of her own life.[1] Later, in the 2012 Christmas special "The Snowmen", the Doctor meets a woman named Clara Oswin Oswald, whom he initially knows only as Clara. She is a Victorian barmaid and governess whom the Doctor invites to be his newest companion, but who dies from an attack by one of the Great Intelligence's minions. Seeing her full name on her tombstone and finally recognising her voice, the Doctor realises she is the same woman as Oswin from the Dalek Asylum, whom he had never seen in her human form. Intrigued by the mystery of the woman who has lived and died twice in different eras, he begins searching across time for another Clara.[2]
Clara's book of 101 Places to See and the leaf, as shown at the Doctor Who Experience.
In "The Bells of Saint John" (2013), Clara receives a phone number to the Doctor's time and space vessel, the TARDIS, from a mysterious woman. The Doctor finds Clara Oswald (this time with no middle name) in contemporary London through her phone call, and takes her on as a companion with a goal to solving the mystery of the "impossible girl".[3] The Doctor's repeated attempts at investigating Clara's origins over the course of "The Rings of Akhaten", "Hide", and "Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS" consistently turn up compelling evidence that she is just a normal young human woman.[4][5][6] In "Journey to the Centre of the TARDIS", the Doctor confronts Clara in an averted timeline about the two previous versions of her he had met, but she does not know what he is talking about.[6] The mystery surrounding Clara is finally resolved in "The Name of the Doctor" when she sacrifices her existence by entering the Doctor's timestream to undo the harm caused by the Great Intelligence (Richard E Grant). This results in the creation of numerous incarnations of Clara throughout the Doctor's history who appear to every known face of the Doctor, saving his life in numerous ways. Very few Claras are noticed by the Doctor, however. One version of Clara successfully persuades the First Doctor (William Hartnell) to pick the "right" TARDIS on his home planet Gallifrey, prior to the events of the show's first episode. Lost in the Doctor's timestream, she is eventually rescued and brought back into existence by the Eleventh Doctor.[7] In "The Day of the Doctor", the show's 50th anniversary special, Clara is shown to have become a teacher at Coal Hill School. While on an adventure with the Doctor, she meets the Tenth Doctor (David Tennant) and the War Doctor (John Hurt) in person. She manages to convince the War Doctor to change his history (and thereby save Gallifrey and his people, the Time Lords, from destruction in the Time War), by sealing the planet in a "parallel pocket universe", where it remains.[8]
In "The Time of the Doctor", the Time Lords try to return to the universe through a crack in time, but if they do so, the Time War will begin anew. The Doctor sends Clara home to her family at Christmas twice while the Doctor stays on the planet Trenzalore to try and prevent this war, but she returns in the TARDIS each time, after two centuries-long intervals. With the Doctor facing certain death at the end of his regeneration cycle during this siege, she pleads with the Time Lords through the crack to save the Doctor; they grant him a new regeneration cycle and the crack closes. She then witnesses the Doctor regenerate into the Twelfth Doctor (Peter Capaldi).[9] Clara spends some time grappling with losing the Doctor she knew and loved throughout the events of "Deep Breath" (2014), until a call from the Eleventh Doctor prior to his regeneration convinces her to stay by his side and help him adjust to his new persona.[10] In "Into the Dalek", Clara and fellow teacher Danny Pink (Samuel Anderson) agree to go for drinks together,[11] and over the course of the episodes "Listen", "Time Heist", and "The Caretaker", the two enter into a romantic relationship.[12][13][14] For a while, she keeps secrets between the Doctor and Danny due to their misgivings about each other, and experiences turbulence in her friendship with the Doctor, particularly in "Kill the Moon", when he abandons her to face a traumatic decision on her own.[15] In "Flatline", she is forced to take the Doctor's role in averting an alien invasion, and realises she is capable of making the same ruthless and pragmatic decisions he often has to make.[16] In "Dark Water", Danny dies while crossing the road before Clara can announce her intent to commit to him fully. After attempting to blackmail the Doctor into changing history to avert his death, which is impossible, Clara and the Doctor decide to pursue contacting him from beyond the grave, and end up at a facility where evil Time Lord Missy (Michelle Gomez) has stored the consciousnesses of Earth's dead as part of a plot to convert all of the deceased into an army of Cybermen.[17] In "Death in Heaven", Missy reveals that she was the aforementioned woman who gave Clara the TARDIS telephone number and had also been secretly keeping the two together after their first meeting as part of her plan. After Danny is brought back as a Cyberman in the episode, he resists his programming in order to destroy Missy's Cyberman army and avert her plans. Two weeks after these events, Clara and the Doctor meet to say goodbye to one another. The Doctor lies to Clara; he pretends he has found Gallifrey and a home to go back to. Clara lies too; she pretends Danny returned from the dead through Missy's device, when in fact he sacrificed his opportunity to save the life of the child he killed in the Afghanistan war.[18]
The two later reunite in the 2014 Christmas special "Last Christmas", when alien creatures induce a dream state in both the Doctor and Clara. Clara confesses that Danny is still dead, and the Doctor admits he did not find Gallifrey. Their shared dream experience on the North Pole ends with them regretting their parting. The Doctor asks Clara to resume travelling with him, and she happily agrees.[19] In series 9, Clara accompanies Missy and the Doctor to Skaro when he is summoned by Davros (Julian Bleach), barely escaping the ordeal with her life.[20][21] Now an experienced companion, Clara shows greater confidence when dealing with alien races and volatile humans, but the Doctor finds himself concerned by her reckless streak.[22] Clara's recklessness gets the better of her in "Face the Raven", when she attempts to outsmart the Doctor's adversary Ashildr (Maisie Williams) by taking on a death sentence, but later learns that it cannot be revoked. She cautions the Doctor not to give in to his darker nature in response to her passing, and faces death with bravery.[23] She is seen once more in the following episode "Heaven Sent", as a grief-stricken Doctor imagines conversations with her to clarify his ideas.[24] In "Hell Bent", the Doctor uses Time Lord technology on Gallifrey to extract Clara from her last moments of life, and attempts to run away with her and cheat death. However, he later realises from Ashildr that travelling together will only cause more harm than good, and prepares to wipe Clara's memories of him with a device. However, Clara tampers with the device so that it wipes the Doctor's memories of her instead. She leaves the Doctor on Earth to start his adventures anew, and begins travelling with Ashildr in a stolen TARDIS with the intention of one day returning to Gallifrey to meet her end, although vowing to "take the long way around".[25]
In "Twice Upon a Time", the Doctor encounters Testimony, a futuristic organisation who use time travel to copy people's memories at the moment of death and install them in sentient glass avatars. At the end of an adventure, the avatar of Bill Potts transforms into Clara, who restores the Doctor's erased memories of her and tells him not to forget her again.
Costumes worn by Clara throughout the series, on display at the Doctor Who Experience
Other media[edit]
Clara (Sophie Downham) appears in a short prelude to "The Bells of Saint John" as a child who talks to the Doctor at a playground. The Doctor does not realise her identity, which is revealed to the viewer.[26] Coleman also played Clara in "She Said, He Said", an online prelude to "The Name of the Doctor" that breaks the fourth wall.[27] The DVD and Blu-ray releases for Series 7 also include Coleman in a solo performance as Clara in the home media-exclusive short "Clara and the TARDIS".
Clara also features alongside the Eleventh Doctor in the New Series Adventures novel Shroud of Sorrow (2013).[28] From 2014, she has been featured in the Twelfth Doctor novels including: The Blood Cell,[29] Silhouette,[30] The Crawling Terror,[31] and as of 2015, Royal Blood[32] and Deep Time.[33] She appeared in IDW Publishing's comic story Deadwood.[34] Clara appeared briefly in issues 11 & 12 of IDW 50th anniversary Doctor Who mini-series "Prisoners of Time". Beginning with Issue #462 (August 2013), Clara appears regularly in the Doctor Who Magazine comic strips.[35] In the 2015 Doctor Who Magazine comic storyline Blood and Ice (DWM #485–488), Clara meets another incarnation of herself she created called "Winnie Clarence", a university research graduate from the year 2048.[36]
Casting and development[edit]
Jenna Coleman plays Clara.
On 21 March 2012, it was announced that Jenna Coleman would replace Karen Gillan and Arthur Darvill as the next companion.[37] She auditioned for the role in secrecy, pretending it was for something called Men on Waves, an anagram for "Woman Seven".[38] Executive producer and lead writer Steven Moffat chose her for the role because she worked the best alongside Smith and could talk faster than he did.[39] Coleman had never seen Doctor Who before her audition, and watched "The Eleventh Hour" (2010) and "completely fell in love with the show".[40] However, she only watched the first five episodes of the seventh series – the final five featuring Gillan and Darvill – because she did not want to learn more about their relationship to the Doctor, as she wanted her acting alongside Smith to be "spontaneous".[41] Moffat stated that her character is different from previous companions,[42] though he attempted to keep the details of her character a secret until she debuted in the Christmas special.[43] In "Asylum of the Daleks" (2012), Coleman appears as the character Oswin Oswald, a secret which was kept from the public before transmission.[44] Coleman was originally given the role of a Victorian governess named Jasmine, and then for the second audition she was given both the characters of Oswin and Clara. She originally thought that the producers were looking for the right character, but later realised it was part of Moffat's "soft mystery" plan.[45][46] Neil Gaiman (writer of "Nightmare in Silver", 2013) revealed that the character was originally intended to stay as a Victorian governess.[47] Coleman stated that Moffat came up with the mystery during the audition process.[41] Coleman played each version of the character as individuals with "trust that there would be a payoff" to her mystery.[48] Moffat told Neil Cross, who wrote "Hide" (2013), the first episode Coleman filmed, that Clara was "a normal girl".[49]
Moffat felt that the introduction of a new companion made "the show feel different" and brought the story to "a new beginning" with a different person meeting the Doctor.[42] Executive producer Caroline Skinner remarked that her introduction allowed the series return to a more "classic Doctor Who format".[50] Smith said that Clara was different from her predecessor Amy Pond (Gillan), which allowed the audience to see a different side of the Doctor.[51] Moffat said that Coleman brings "a speed and wit and an unimpressed quality that makes the Doctor dance a bit harder".[52] Coleman stated that her character "holds her own" and was competitive with the Doctor, providing "a nice double act".[53] With her place in the series' narrative, Clara was intended to reawaken the Doctor's "curiosity in the universe and gives him his mojo back".[54] Concerning Clara's relationship to the Doctor, Coleman said, "It's been interesting how it's changed Matt's Doctor. There is a natural bounce between them, and a flirtation, and attraction. But, again, they've always got this friction because they're a bit magnetic and drawn to each other, but she can't quite figure him out. He's got loads of secrets and he's always looking at her, trying to figure her out."[53] The dynamic between Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracy was an influence on Coleman and Smith.[55] In addition, Coleman revealed that Clara and the TARDIS have a "relationship", as there is a running joke about the TARDIS (previously established in the series as being sentient) not liking Clara or making fun of her.[56]
Many fans and critics noticed similarities between Clara and Billie Piper's Rose Tyler.[57][58] Clara helps the Doctor recover at a dark point in his life, as Rose does during a much darker time; both companions lose a parent; each has a close relationship with the Doctor, who sees part of their childhood.[59][60] The Doctor does the same thing to Clara in "The Time of the Doctor" (2013) as he does to Rose in "The Parting of the Ways" (2005) by sending her back home to keep her safe.[61]
It was widely expected that Coleman would leave the show at the end of 2014. Moffat has confirmed in numerous interviews that he wrote the character out twice — once for the end of Series 8 and again for the 2014 Christmas special — but ultimately convinced Coleman to stay on for one more series.[62]
On 18 September 2015, Coleman officially announced on BBC Radio 1 that she would leave the show at the end of the ninth series.[63]
Reception[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2015)
Nick Setchfield of SFX praised the effective surprise debut of Coleman as Oswin in "Asylum of the Daleks". He wrote, "Coleman brings sauce and sparkiness, and while she initially seems a familiar Moffat archetype, all snarky cracks about the Doctor's chin and throwaway lines about sexual experimentation... there's a deeper vulnerability there too, which makes her eventual fate in this episode genuinely heart-skewering."[64] Michael Hogan, writing for The Daily Telegraph, also found her debut promising and described her as "enchanting in an elfin way – rather like a brunette, curvier, less annoying Fearne Cotton".[65]
The character's reintroduction as Clara in "The Snowmen" received generally positive reviews from critics. The Guardian's Dan Martin wrote, "The masterstroke behind Jenna-Louise Coleman's surprise introduction is that it made us want to see more of her before Karen Gillan had even gone. The cheeky, self-assured Clara won a place in our hearts from the off."[66] Setchfield called her "less of a motormouthed quip-merchant than [Oswin], but Coleman makes her equally winning – plucky, smart and riffing on a very promising chemistry with Matt Smith".[67] IGN's Matt Risley felt that Clara "trumped her already-bombastic debut with a character both fully formed and utterly unpredictable". He praised the mystery surrounding her and her independence, commenting that she seemed to be the "antithesis" of Amy Pond as she was "a girl who will wait for no-one".[68] Radio Times reviewer Patrick Mulkern admitted that he had "found Oswin's perkiness a tad wearing", but he was "completely won over" by Coleman's Clara in "The Snowmen".[69] Neela Debanth of The Independent felt that Clara's demise in "The Snowmen" made the episode "a bit of a tease" and set up the question of what the travelling Clara would be like. Unlike Mulkern, she favoured the Oswin version, describing her as "much more fun and flirtatious".[70]
Following "The Bells of Saint John", Digital Spy's Morgan Jeffery said that the new Clara was "more grounded and so far easier for the viewer to latch on to" than her two predecessors, both of which could have been harder to sustain as companions.[71] Mulkern said that he did not bother with the character's mystery and found it pleasing that Coleman played her as "a straightforward modern companion with no baggage".[72] Setchfield described Clara as "equally sparky and winning but altogether younger and possibly just a tad more vulnerable than her previous incarnations" with a "helplessly watchable chemistry" with Smith.[73] Debnath described her as a "softer version" of Oswin, still hoping that "the character will be taken up a notch, challenging the Doctor more and bouncing off him like Oswin did.[74] However, the Daily Mirror's Jon Cooper expressed concern that Clara, despite Coleman's success, was too similar to Amy.[75] Mike Higgins of The Independent felt that Coleman was "an improvement" upon Gillan, but wrote that "the pairing of an intellectually bright but emotionally dim male with a techno-illiterate but wised up female is a tired old trope of much drama and comedy".[76]
The character's development has also been met with positive reviews. Martin praised how her backstory was fleshed out in "The Rings of Akhaten", as otherwise the character "was danger of becoming simply a story arc in the shape of a girl".[77] SFX's Richard Edwards wrote that she had the potential to be "a truly great companion", and that it was "refreshing to see a companion who isn't in total awe of the Doctor... and she's not afraid to take the lead when she needs to".[78] Debnath praised her "caring nature" and "lovely maternal side",[79] but felt that she could be "annoyingly naïve".[80] Dave Golder of SFX stated that Clara was "to an extent, a bit of a cartoon character" and that Moffat was better at writing her in "The Name of the Doctor" than some of the preceding writers. He also commented that she "still feels too new a companion (and an underdeveloped one) to really care about her sacrifice".[81]
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Jump up ^ Higgins, Mike (31 March 2013). "Doctor Who — The Doctor's back, with his snog box". The Independent (TV review). Retrieved 31 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Martin, Dan (6 April 2013). "Doctor Who: The Rings of Akhaten – series 33, episode seven". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Edwards, Richard (6 April 2013). "Doctor Who 7.07 "The Rings of Akhaten" Review". SFX. Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Debnath, Neela (6 April 2013). "Doctor Who 'The Rings of Akhaten'". The Independent (review). Archived from the original on 8 April 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Debnath, Neela (13 April 2013). "Review of 'Cold War'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 13 April 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Golder, Dave (18 May 2013). "Doctor Who 7.13 "The Name of The Doctor"". SFX (review). Retrieved 17 June 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Clara Oswald
Clara Oswald at the BBC One Doctor Who website
Clara at BBC America's Doctor Who website
Clara Oswald on Tardis Data Core, an external wiki
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Crocodile (Black Mirror)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Crocodile"
Black Mirror episode
Promotional poster
Episode no.
Series 4
Episode 3
Directed by
John Hillcoat
Written by
Charlie Brooker
Featured music
Original Score by
Atticus Ross
Leopold Ross
Claudia Sarne
Original air date
29 December 2017 (2017-12-29)
Running time
59 minutes
Guest appearance(s)
Andrea Riseborough as Mia Nolan
Andrew Gower as Rob
Kiran Sonia Sawar as Shazia Akhand
Anthony Welsh as Anan Akhand
Claire Rushbrook as Police Detective
Joshua James as Gordy
Adelle Leonce as Noni Harper-Brown
Brian Pettifer as William Grange
Jamie Michie as Simon Nicholls
Armin Karima as Farshad
Stefán Örn Eggertsson as Finn Nicholls
James Eeles as DC Lydon
Ólafía Hrönn Jónsdóttir as Felicity Carmichael
Dilja Imana as Ali Akhand
Sigurður Sigurjónsson as Room Service Man
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Arkangel" Next →
"Hang the DJ"
List of Black Mirror episodes
"Crocodile" is the third episode of the fourth series of anthology series Black Mirror. It was written by Charlie Brooker and directed by John Hillcoat. The episode first aired on Netflix, along with the rest of series four, on 29 December 2017.
Filmed in Iceland, the episode centres on Mia (Andrea Riseborough) who is distressed about having helped her friend Rob (Andrew Gower) cover up a hit-and-run death. Fifteen years later, Rob wants to confess their crime, leading Mia to kill him and dispose of his body. Shortly after, Mia witnesses a road accident between a pedestrian and self-driving vehicle. Shazia (Kiran Sonia Sawar) meanwhile is hired to investigate the accident, and uses a Recaller device that allows her to see the recent memories of those she interviews.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Analysis
3 Production
3.1 Marketing
4 Reception
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Mia Nolan (Andrea Riseborough) and Rob (Andrew Gower) go to a club together. While driving home, a drunken Rob hits and kills a cyclist on a mountain road. He convinces Mia to help him cover up the death by throwing the cyclist's body and bicycle into a lake.
Fifteen years later, Mia is happily married with a son and successful career. When she goes on a business trip, Rob meets her at her hotel. He shows her a news article about the dead cyclist, whose wife believes he is alive and is still looking for him. A newly sober Rob wants to make amends by writing an anonymous letter telling the truth, but Mia is afraid the letter will be traced. An argument ensues and she kills Rob. She is further shaken upon seeing a road accident outside, where a self-driving pizza delivery truck hits a pedestrian. Mia rents a pay per view porn movie to provide herself with an alibi, then disposes of Rob's body.
The man who was hit by the pizza delivery truck contacts his insurance company and is visited by Shazia (Kiran Sonia Sawar), an insurance investigator. She uses a device known as a Recaller to scan a claimant's and witnesses' memories to verify the claims, despite memory being acknowledged as unreliable. Shazia follows a chain of witnesses near the accident without determining liability as none had witnessed it directly, but one witness's memories show Mia looking out of her hotel room window at the time of the accident. Shazia is hopeful that Mia's testimony will allow her to prove the case—which would also allow the insurance company to pursue a lucrative negligence suit against the owners of the pizza truck. Before Shazia sets off to test Mia, she tells her husband that she hopes Mia will submit to the test.
Mia admits to witnessing the accident, and initially refuses to let Shazia in her house, but eventually relents after Sharzia tells her of a legal requirement to submit to the test. Shazia mistakes Mia's reluctance as being due to embarrassment over watching a porn movie, and assures her that she is not interested in her personal activities. Mia tries to prepare her mind to focus away from Rob's murder before Shazia uses the Recaller on her, but she cannot stop memories of the road collision and the homicide surfacing during the scan. Recognizing what she has seen, Shazia tries to leave, but Mia incapacitates her and ties her up. Shazia promises that she will delete the Recaller data and will not tell anyone what happened if Mia lets her go, but Mia believes she will be incriminated. Mia scans Shazia's memories with the Recaller to learn that her husband Anan knew Shazia was going to see Mia that day. Mia kills Shazia and drives to her home to kill Anan. Upon realising that Shazia's baby son is also in the house and has seen her face, Mia reluctantly kills him too.
Police investigating the murders reveal that Shazia's son was blind and would have been unable to identify the killer; they instead use the Recaller on the family guinea pig to dredge its memories for evidence. Meanwhile, Mia cries in the audience as she watches her son's school production of Bugsy Malone; the audience begins to clap. The police are seen waiting at the back of the auditorium. As the camera continues lingering on Mia, in tears, the screen abruptly cuts to black.
Analysis[edit]
Some critics have suggested that the title is a reference to the metaphor "crocodile tears", a phrase that could be referring to Mia's insincere expressions of sorrow while committing a series of violent crimes.[1][2] Jason Koebler of Vice notes that Mia does not read the End-User License Agreement (EULA) for the Recaller. Koebler suggests that Mia reading the EULA would have allowed her to avoid using the Recaller, and thus prevent her later murders from being necessary.[3]
Production[edit]
Whilst series one and two of Black Mirror were shown on Channel 4 in the UK, in September 2015 Netflix commissioned the series for 12 episodes,[4] and in March 2016 it outbid Channel 4 for the rights to distributing the third series, with a bid of $40 million.[5] The 12 episode order was divided into two series of six episodes each.
The episode was inspired by the series one episode, "The Entire History of You", which featured a personal implant that one could use privately to review their memories. For "Crocodile", they considered what the situation would be like if these memories were not private, developing a "cat-and-mouse type drama" that would highlight the importance of memories, and to what lengths one with a secret would go to hide those memories.[6]
The episode was initially conceived as having a male protagonist with Andrea Riseborough reading the script with another part in mind. However, after Riseborough liked the journey of the protagonist and asked if the part could be rewritten as a woman, the script was altered in order to accommodate Riseborough.[7] Both Brooker and executive producer Annabel Jones described the change as interesting, with Jones noting that "How often do you see a mother reduced to this level of desperation?" on television.[7][8]
The episode was shot in Iceland and includes scenes filmed in the Harpa concert hall.[7] Brooker had originally called out for filming in Scotland in his script, but Netflix suggested Iceland as a "more stunning backdrop", according to Brooker. During filming, Iceland had its largest snowfall in forty years, which required them to add one line of dialogue to comment on the change of weather to account for the sudden snow accumulation.[9]
Marketing[edit]
In May 2017, a Reddit post unofficially announced the names and directors of the six episodes in series 4 of Black Mirror.[10] The first trailer for the series was released by Netflix on 25 August 2017, and contained the six episode titles.[11][12]
Beginning on 24 November 2017, Netflix published a series of posters and trailers for the fourth series of the show, referred to as the "13 Days of Black Mirror".[13] On 6 December, Netflix published a trailer featuring an amalgamation of scenes from the fourth series, which announced that the series would be released on 29 December.[14]
Reception[edit]
The episode received mixed reviews. The cinematography of the Icelandic landscape was widely praised, along with Riseborough's and Sawar's performances.[15] Two critics criticised the violence and described it as unnecessarily bleak.[16][17]
At the 2018 Consumer Electronics Show in January 2018, Toyota announced its customisable self-driving delivery vehicle, the e-Palette, with one of their first partners being Pizza Hut to create a self-driving pizza delivery truck. Commentators pointed out the coincidence of this announcement shortly after the first broadcast of "Crocodile",[18] and the official Twitter account for Black Mirror commented on the announcement, "We know how this goes."[19]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Handlen, Zack (29 December 2017). "Nothing stays forgotten on Black Mirror". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Rosie (2 January 2018). "What does title of Black Mirror's ep 'Crocodile' mean?". Digital Spy. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Koebler, Jason (2 January 2018). "'Black Mirror' Made a Murder Thriller About Overbearing Licensing Agreements". Motherboard. Vice. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Birnbaum, Debra (25 September 2015). "'Black Mirror' Lands at Netflix". Variety. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Plunkett, John (29 March 2016). "Netflix deals Channel 4 knockout blow over Charlie Brooker's Black Mirror". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Turchiano, Danielle (29 December 2017). "'Black Mirror' Co-Creator Breaks Down Season 4: 'We Want to Be Surprising and Unpredictable'". Variety. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Strause, Jackie (27 December 2017). "'Black Mirror' Delivers a Timely Female-Led Season 4". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Ling, Thomas (7 December 2017). "Black Mirror season 4 episode guide: Charlie Brooker reveals new plot and episode details". Radio Times. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Hibbard, James (2 January 2018). "Black Mirror season 4, your burning questions answered". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Stolworthy, Jacob (27 May 2017). "Black Mirror season 4 episode titles and directors revealed". The Independent. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Donnelly, Matt (25 August 2017). "'Black Mirror' Season 4: Teaser Trailer, Episode Titles, Directors and Stars Revealed (Video)". TheWrap. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Hooton, Christopher (25 August 2017). "Black Mirror season 4 Netflix trailer teases all six episodes and their titles". The Independent. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Strause, Jackie (27 November 2017). "'Black Mirror': All the Season 4 Details". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ White, Peter (6 December 2017). "Netflix Reveals 'Black Mirror' Season 4 Release Date in New Trailer". Decider. New York Post. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Chakrabarti, Suchandrika (30 December 2017). "Black Mirror's Crocodile shows jaws closing upon an unlikely criminal". mirror. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Sims, David. "'Black Mirror:' 'Crocodile' Is a Nihilistic Nordic Noir". The Atlantic. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Black Mirror Season 4 Episode 3 Review: Crocodile". Den of Geek. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Anderton, Joe (8 January 2018). "Pizza Hut is making Black Mirror's self-driving pizza van a reality". Digital Spy. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Margi (9 January 2018). "CES 2018: Driverless Pizza Hut delivery van draws Black Mirror comparisons". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
External links[edit]
"Crocodile" on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
e
Black Mirror
Episodes
Series 1
"The National Anthem"
"Fifteen Million Merits"
"The Entire History of You"
Series 2
"Be Right Back"
"White Bear"
"The Waldo Moment"
Special
"White Christmas"
Series 3
"Nosedive"
"Playtest"
"Shut Up and Dance"
"San Junipero"
"Men Against Fire"
"Hated in the Nation"
Series 4
"USS Callister"
"Arkangel"
"Crocodile"
"Hang the DJ"
"Metalhead"
"Black Museum"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crocodile_(Black_Mirror)&oldid=834477134"
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text:
Women's Cricket World Cup
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the current tournament, see 2017 Women's Cricket World Cup.
ICC Women's Cricket World Cup
Administrator
International Cricket Council
Format
ODI
First tournament
England 1973
Number of teams
(see list below)
Current champion
England (4th title)
Most successful
Australia (6 titles)
Most runs
Debbie Hockley (1,501)
Most wickets
Lyn Fullston (39)
The ICC Women's Cricket World Cup is the oldest and most prestigious international women's cricket tournament.
The Women's World Cup is currently organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC). Until 2005, when the two organisations merged, it was administered by a separate body, the International Women's Cricket Council (IWCC). The first World Cup was held in England in 1973, two years before the inaugural men's tournament. The event's early years were marked by funding difficulties, which meant several teams had to decline invitations to compete and caused gaps of up to six years between tournaments. However, since 2005 World Cups have been hosted at regular four-year intervals.
The eleven World Cups played to date have been held in five different countries, with India and England having hosted the event three times. The number of teams has been fixed at eight since the 2000 event, with the preceding tournament in 1997 having been contested by a record eleven teams, the most to date. Australia are the most successful team, having won six titles and failed to make the final on only three occasions. England (four titles) and New Zealand (one title) are the only other teams to have won the event, while India (twice) and the West Indies (once) have each reached the final without going on to win.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 First World Cup
2 Tournament history
3 Results
3.1 Teams' performances
3.2 Debutant teams
3.3 Overview
4 Awards
4.1 Player of the Tournament
4.2 Player of the Final
5 Tournament records
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
History[edit]
First World Cup[edit]
Women's international cricket was first played in 1934, when a party from England toured Australia and New Zealand. The first Test match was played on 28–31 December 1934, and was won by England.[1] The first Test against New Zealand followed early the following year. These three nations remained the only Test playing teams in women's cricket until 1960, when South Africa played a number of matches against England.[1] Limited overs cricket was first played by first-class teams in England in 1962.[2] Nine years later, the first international one day match was played in men's cricket, when England took on Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground.[3]
Talks began in 1971 about holding a World Cup for women's cricket, led by Jack Hayward.[4] South Africa, under pressure from the world for their apartheid laws, were not invited to take part in the competition.[5] Both of the other two Test playing nations, Australia and New Zealand were invited. Hayward had previously organised tours of the West Indies by England women, and it was from this region that the other two competing nations were drawn; Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago. To make up the numbers, England also fielded a "Young England" team, and an "International XI" was also included.[4] Five South Africans were invited to play for the International XI as a means of compensation for the team not being invited, but these invitations were later withdrawn.[5]
The inaugural tournament was held at a variety of venues across England in June and July 1973,[6] two years before the first men's Cricket World Cup was played.[7] The competition was played as a round-robin tournament, and the last scheduled match was England against Australia. Australia went into the game leading the table by a solitary point: they had won four matches and had one abandoned. England had also won four matches, but they had lost to New Zealand.[6][8] As a result, the match also served as a de facto final for the competition. England won the match, held at Edgbaston, Birmingham by 92 runs to win the tournament.[9]
Tournament history[edit]
Year
Host(s)
Final venue
Result
Winner
Margin
Runner-up
1973 England no final England
20 points England won on points
table Australia
17 points
1978 India no final Australia
6 points Australia won on points
table England
4 points
1982 New Zealand Christchurch Australia
152/7 (59 overs) Australia won by 3 wickets
scorecard England
151/5 (60 overs)
1988 Australia Melbourne Australia
129/2 (44.5 overs) Australia won by 8 wickets
scorecard England
127/7 (60 overs)
1993 England London England
195/5 (60 overs) England won by 67 runs
scorecard New Zealand
128 (55.1 overs)
1997 India Kolkata Australia
165/5 (47.4 overs) Australia won by 5 wickets
scorecard New Zealand
164 (49.3 overs)
2000 New Zealand Lincoln New Zealand
184 (48.4 overs) New Zealand won by 4 runs
scorecard Australia
180 (49.1 overs)
2005 South Africa Centurion Australia
215/4 (50 overs) Australia won by 98 runs
scorecard India
117 (46 overs)
2009 Australia Sydney England
167/6 (46.1 overs) England won by 4 wickets
scorecard New Zealand
166 (47.2 overs)
2013 India Mumbai Australia
259/7 (50 overs) Australia won by 114 runs
scorecard West Indies
145 (43.1 overs)
2017 England London England
228/7 (50 overs) England won by 9 runs
scorecard India
219 (48.4 overs)
2021 New Zealand
Results[edit]
Thirteen nations have qualified for the Women's Cricket World Cup at least once (excluding qualification tournaments). Five teams have competed in every finals tournament, three of which have won the title.
Two teams from England in the first Women's Cricket World Cup.
Teams' performances[edit]
Legend
1st – Champions
2nd – Runners-up
3rd – Third place
SF – Losing semi-finalist (no third-place playoff)
QF – Losing quarter-finalist (no further playoffs)
— Hosts
Team

1973
(7)

1978
(4)

1982
(5)

1988
(5)

1993
(8)

1997
(11)

2000
(8)

2005
(8)

2009
(8)

2013
(8)

2017
(8)
Total
Australia
2nd 1st 1st 1st 3rd 1st 2nd 1st 4th 1st SF 11
Denmark
7th 9th 2
England
1st 2nd 2nd 2nd 1st SF 5th SF 1st 3rd 1st 11
India
4th 4th 4th SF SF 2nd 3rd 7th 2nd 9
Ireland
4th 5th QF 7th 8th 5
Netherlands
5th 8th QF 8th 4
New Zealand
3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd 2nd 2nd 1st SF 2nd 4th 5th 11
Pakistan
11th 5th 8th 8th 4
South Africa
QF SF 6th 7th 6th SF 6
Sri Lanka
QF 6th 7th 8th 5th 7th 6
West Indies
6th 10th 5th 6th 2nd 6th 6
Defunct teams
International XI
4th 5th 2
Jamaica
6th 1
Trinidad and Tobago
5th 1
Young England
7th 1
Debutant teams[edit]
Year
Teams
1973 Australia, England, New Zealand, Jamaica†, Trinidad and Tobago†
1978 India
1982 none
1988 Ireland, Netherlands
1993 Denmark, West Indies
1997 Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka
2000 none
2005 none
2009 none
2013 none
2017 none
†No longer exists.
Overview[edit]
The table below provides an overview of the performances of teams over past World Cups, as of the end of group stage of the 2017 tournament. Teams are sorted by best performance, then by appearances, total number of wins, total number of games, and alphabetical order respectively.
Appearances
Statistics
Team
Total
First
Latest
Best result
Mat.
Won
Lost
Tie
NR
Win%*
Australia 11 1973 2017 1.1 !Champions (1978, 1982, 1988, 1997, 2005, 2013) 84 70 11 1 2 85.47
England 11 1973 2017 1.1 !Champions (1973, 1993, 2009, 2017) 83 57 23 2 1 75.04
New Zealand 11 1973 2017 1.1 !Champions (2000) 80 51 26 2 1 65.82
India 9 1978 2017 2.3 !Runners-up (2005, 2017) 63 34 27 1 1 55.64
West Indies 6 1993 2017 2.3 !Runners-up (2013) 38 13 24 0 1 35.13
South Africa 6 1997 2017 3.2 !Semi-finals (2000, 2017) 38 15 22 0 3 40.54
Pakistan 4 1997 2017 3.2 !Super Six (2009) 23 2 21 0 0 08.69
Sri Lanka 6 1997 2017 3.2 !Quarter-finals (1997) 35 8 26 0 1 23.52
Ireland 5 1988 2005 3.2 !Quarter-finals (1997) 34 7 26 0 1 21.21
Netherlands 4 1988 2000 3.2 !Quarter-finals (1997) 26 2 24 0 0 07.69
Denmark 2 1993 1997 3.2 !First Round (1993, 1997) 13 2 11 0 0 15.38
International XI†
2 1973 1982 3.2 !First Round (1973, 1982) 18 3 14 0 1 16.66
Trinidad and Tobago† 1 1973 1973 3.2 !First Round (1973) 6 2 4 0 0 33.33
Jamaica† 1 1973 1973 3.2 !First Round (1973) 5 1 4 0 0 20.00
Young England† 1 1973 1973 3.2 !First Round (1973) 6 1 5 0 0 16.66
The Win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win.
†No longer exists.
Awards[edit]
Player of the Tournament[edit]
Year
Player
Performance details
1988 Carole Hodges 336 Runs/12 Wickets
1993
1997
2000 Lisa Keightley 375 Runs
2005 Karen Rolton 246 Runs
2009 Claire Taylor 324 Runs
2013 Suzie Bates 407 Runs
2017 Tammy Beaumont 410 Runs
Player of the Final[edit]
Year
Player
Performance details
1982
1988
1993 Jo Chamberlain 38 (33) / 1/28 (9)
1997 Debbie Hockley 79 (121)
2000 Belinda Clark 91 (102)
2005 Karen Rolton 107* (128)
2009 Nicky Shaw 4/34 (8.2)
2013 Jess Cameron 75 (76)
2017 Anya Shrubsole 6/46 (9.4)
Tournament records[edit]
World Cup records
Batting
Most runs Debbie Hockley New Zealand 1,501 1982–2000 [10]
Highest average (min. 10 innings) Karen Rolton Australia 74.92 1997–2009 [11]
Highest score Belinda Clark Australia 229 * 1997 [12]
Highest partnership Tammy Beaumont & Sarah Taylor England 275 2017 [13]
Most runs in a tournament Debbie Hockley New Zealand 456 1997 [14]
Bowling
Most wickets Lyn Fullston Australia 39 1982–1988 [15]
Lowest average (min. 500 balls bowled) Katrina Keenan New Zealand 9.72 1997–2000 [16]
Best bowling figures Jackie Lord New Zealand 6/10 1982 [17]
Most wickets in a tournament Lyn Fullston Australia 23 1982 [18]
Fielding
Most dismissals (wicket-keeper) Jane Smit England 40 1993–2005 [19]
Most catches (fielder) Janette Brittin England 19 1982–1997 [20]
Team
Highest score Australia (v Denmark) 412/3 1997 [21]
Lowest score Pakistan (v Australia) 27 1997 [22]
Highest win % Australia 85.97 [23]
See also[edit]
Cricket portal
Women's sport portal
ICC Women's Championship
ICC Women's World Twenty20
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Heyhoe Flint & Rheinberg (1976), pp. 175–180.
Jump up ^ Williamson, Martin (9 April 2011). "The low-key birth of one-day cricket". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Williamson, Martin (22 June 2010). "The birth of the one-day international". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Heyhoe Flint & Rheinberg (1976), p. 168.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cups 1926–1997". Women's Cricket History. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Women's World Cup, 1973 / Results". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Baker, Andrew (20 March 2009). "England women's cricketers aiming to lift World Cup for third time". The Daily Telegraph. London: Telegraph Media Group. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Women's World Cup 1973 Table". CricketArchive. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "21st Match: England Women v Australia Women at Birmingham, Jul 28, 1973". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 22 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Most runs". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Highest averages". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / High scores". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Highest partnerships by runs". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 23 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Most runs in a series". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Most wickets". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Women's World Cup / Best averages". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 19 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Best bowling figures in an innings". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Most wickets in a series". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Most dismissals". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Most catches". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Highest totals". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Lowest totals". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Records / Women's World Cup / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
Bibliography[edit]
Heyhoe Flint, Rachael; Rheinberg, Netta (1976). Fair Play: The story of women's cricket. London: Angus and Robertson. ISBN 0-207-95698-7.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Women's Cricket World Cup.
Women's World Cup match records from the International Cricket Council
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