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The Jetsons
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For the film, see Jetsons: The Movie. For the 1980s band, see The Jetzons.
The Jetsons
Genre
Animated
Comic science fiction
Sitcom
Directed by
William Hanna (1962–63)
Joseph Barbera (1962–63)
Ray Patterson (Supervising, 1985–87)
Arthur Davis (1985–87)
Oscar Dufau (1985–87)
Carl Urbano (1985)
Rudy Zamora (1985)
Alan Zaslove (1985)
Paul Sommer (1987)
Charlie Downs (1987)
Voices of
George O'Hanlon
Penny Singleton
Janet Waldo
Daws Butler
Mel Blanc
Don Messick
Jean Vander Pyl
Howard Morris
Theme music composer
Hoyt Curtin
Composer(s)
Hoyt Curtin
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
75 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
William Hanna (1985–87)
Joseph Barbera (1985–87)
Producer(s)
William Hanna (1962–63)
Joseph Barbera (1962–63)
Bob Hathcock (1985)
Berny Wolf (1987)
Jeff Hall (1987)
Running time
22–30 minutes
Production company(s)
Hanna-Barbera Productions
Screen Gems (1962-63) (Season 1)
Distributor
Screen Gems (1962-63) (Season 1)
Worldvision Enterprises (1985-87) (Seasons 2-3)
Release
Original network
ABC (first season, 1962–1963)[1]
Syndication (second and third seasons, 1985–1987)
Audio format
Mono
Original release
Original series:
September 23, 1962 (1962-09-23) –
March 17, 1963 (1963-03-17)
Revival series:
September 16, 1985 (1985-09-16) – November 12, 1987 (1987-11-12)
The Jetsons is an American animated sitcom produced by Hanna-Barbera, originally airing in primetime from September 23, 1962, to March 17, 1963, then later in syndication, with new episodes in 1985 to 1987 as part of The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera block. It was Hanna-Barbera's Space Age counterpart to The Flintstones.[2]
George O'Hanlon provided the voice of George Jetson.
While the Flintstones live in a world with machines powered by birds and dinosaurs, the Jetsons live in a world with elaborate robotic contraptions, aliens, holograms, and whimsical inventions.[3][4] The original series comprised 24 episodes and aired on Sunday nights on ABC beginning September 23, 1962, with primetime reruns continuing through September 22, 1963. It debuted as the first program broadcast in color on ABC-TV.[5] (Only a handful of ABC-TV stations were capable of broadcasting in color in the early 1960s.) In contrast, The Flintstones, while always produced in color, was broadcast in black-and-white for its first two seasons.[6]
Following its primetime run, the show aired on Saturday mornings for decades, starting on ABC for the 1963–64 season and then on CBS and NBC.[7] New episodes were produced for syndication from 1985 to 1987. No further specials or episodes of the show were produced after 1989 due to the deaths of stars George O'Hanlon and Mel Blanc. The 1990 film Jetsons: The Movie served as the series finale to the television show until 27 years later, when the new direct-to-video animated movie, The Jetsons & WWE: Robo-WrestleMania! was released in 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Characters
2.1 Recurring characters
3 Voice cast
4 Production
5 Morey Amsterdam and Pat Carroll controversy
6 Episodes
6.1 Broadcast history
7 Theme song
8 Science fiction themes
9 Reception
10 Differences between versions
11 Specials and film adaptations
11.1 Television films
11.2 Television specials
11.3 Theatrical releases
11.4 Direct-to-video films
12 Planned live-action and animated film reboots
13 Planned live-action TV remake
14 Further appearances
14.1 Hanna-Barbera related
14.2 Other projects
14.3 Comics
14.4 Video games
14.5 Home video releases
15 Legacy
16 See also
17 References
18 Sources
19 Further reading
20 External links
Premise[edit]
The Jetsons are a family residing in Orbit City.[8][9] The city's architecture is rendered in the Googie style, and all homes and businesses are raised high above the ground on adjustable columns. George Jetson lives with his family in the Skypad Apartments: his wife Jane is a homemaker, their teenage daughter Judy attends Orbit High School, and their son Elroy attends Little Dipper School. Housekeeping is seen to by a robot maid, Rosie, which handles chores not otherwise rendered trivial by the home's numerous push-button Space Age-envisioned conveniences. The family has a dog named Astro, that like Scooby Doo talks with an initial consonant mutation in which every word begins with an "R", as if speaking with a growl.
George Jetson's workweek is typical of his era: an hour a day, two days a week.[10] His boss is Cosmo Spacely, the bombastic owner of Spacely Space Sprockets. Spacely has a competitor, Mr. Cogswell, owner of the rival company Cogswell Cogs (sometimes known as Cogswell's Cosmic Cogs). Jetson commutes to work in an aerocar that resembles a flying saucer with a transparent bubble top. Daily life is leisurely, assisted by numerous labor-saving devices, which occasionally break down with humorous results. Despite this, everyone complains of exhausting hard labor and difficulties living with the remaining inconveniences.
Penny Singleton was the voice of Jane Jetson.
Characters[edit]
The Jetson family (clockwise from upper left) — Rosie (robot), George, Jane, Judy, Elroy, and Astro the dog
Main article: List of The Jetsons characters
George Jetson: age 40,[11] is the main character and protagonist of the series. He is a loving family man who always seems to make the wrong decisions. He works at Spacely's Sprockets turning the Referential Universal Digital Indexer (R.U.D.I.) on and off. He is married to Jane and together they have two children, Judy and Elroy.
Jane Jetson: claims age 33, but has a 40-year old husband and a 16-year old daughter.[12] Jane is George's wife, mother of their two children, and a homemaker (although it is Rosie who does most of the work). Jane is obsessed with fashion and new gadgetry. Her favorite store is Mooning Dales. She is a dutiful wife who always tries to make life as pleasant as possible for her family. Outside of the home, she is a member of the Galaxy Women Historical Society and is a fan of Leonardo de Venus and Picasso Pia.
Judy Angela Jetson: age 16,[13] is the elder child in the Jetson family. A student at Orbit High School, she is a stereotypical teenage girl whose interests include clothes, hanging out with boys, and revealing secrets to her digital diary that she calls Didi.
Elroy Jetson: age 6½,[14] is the younger of the two children in the Jetson family. He is highly intelligent and an expert in all space sciences. A mild-mannered and good child, Elroy attends Little Dipper School, where he studies space history, astrophysics, and star geometry. Elroy loves his dog Astro and is always there to support him when George loses his patience with the family pet.
Rosie: Rosie is the Jetsons' household robot. She's an outdated model, but the Jetsons love her and would never trade her for a newer model. Rosie does all the housework and some of the parenting. She is a strong authoritarian and occasionally dispenses pills to the family. Excluding a scene from the closing credits, Rosie appears in only two episodes of the original 1960s show, but makes many appearances on the 1980s show.
Astro: Astro is the Jetsons' family dog. Prior to being a Jetson, his name was Tralfaz and he belonged to the fabulously rich Mr. J.P. Gottrockets. Astro is one of George's best friends (next to his work computer, R.U.D.I.) as well as Elroy's best buddy. He is able to speak in a rough sounding English resembling dog barks and growls, a manner of speaking which voice actor Don Messick would later reuse for the role of Scooby-Doo.
Orbitty: is an alien with spring-like legs who was the second pet of the Jetson family. He has the ability to express his emotions by changing color. This character was introduced in the 1980s version of the series, but didn't appear for the third season (except for one cameo) or any of the movies.
Cosmo Spacely: is George's boss and owner of Spacely Space Sprockets. His company was founded in Newfoundland in 1937. He is a small man with thinning black hair and a bad temper, and is the main antagonist of the series. Spacely always comes up with ideas to bring in more business, but they backfire. George, whom Spacely has known since childhood,[15] gets blamed for most things that go wrong. A series' running gag involves his kicking George out of his office shouting, "Jetson! You're fired!"; however, Spacely would give George his job back in the end of the episode, and if he was very happy with George, promote him to vice-president of the company. Mr. Spacely is sometimes helped out by Uniblab, the company's robot assistant.
Spencer Cogswell: is Spacely's big competitor. He owns Cogswell Cogs company and causes a lot of trouble for Spacely and George. To a lesser extent Cogswell is another of the series' antagonists. He and Spacely are always finding ways to bring each other's businesses down. Cogswell has often tried to steal Spacely's ideas and make them his own to gain an advantage (only for it to backfire on both bosses). He's also not above firing his employees when any little thing goes wrong. Mr. Cogswell's first name, "Spencer", is revealed in the 1980s version of The Jetsons. Cogswell slightly resembles Mr. Slate of The Flintstones.
R.U.D.I.: is George's work computer and one of his best friends, next to his dog, Astro. His name is an acronym for Referential Universal Differential Indexer. He has a human personality and is a member of the Society for Preventing Cruelty to Humans. In the episode "Family Fallout" (originally aired September 22, 1985), the Jetsons win a TV game show after George Jetson correctly states what the initials "R.U.D.I." stand for.
Henry Orbit: is the Jetsons' apartment's building superintendent. He is always helpful and always in a good mood. He built a robot named Mac who has a crush on Rosie.
Recurring characters[edit]
Montague Jetson, George Jetson's kindly but eccentric grandfather, who constantly annoys the cop every time he meets him—Howard Morris
Mrs. (Stella/Petunia) Spacely, Cosmo Spacely's overbearing and snobbish wife and Arthur Spacely's mother—Jean Vander Pyl
Arthur Spacely, Mr. Spacely's son—Dick Beals (earlier episodes), Catherine Thompson (season 3)
Uniblab, George's mortal enemy—an obnoxious robot who was also his supervisor at work. Appeared in two 1960s episodes, "Uniblab", where he becomes George's supervisor, and "G.I. Jetson", where he becomes the Sergeant of George's platoon. ("Cost the government millions ... enough for two officers' clubs," said General McMissile, nicknamed "Old Blast Off"); and a 1980s episode, "Wedding bells for Rosey", where he reveals to Rosie that the new "B.E.B.O.P." law enforcement was a ruse. His name is a pun of UNIVAC;- Don Messick.
DiDi, Judy's digital diary—Selma Diamond in the 1980s TV series and by Brenda Vaccaro in The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones.
Miss Galaxy, secretary at Spacely Sprockets—Jean Vander Pyl
Marcia van Marsdale, highschool student and Judy's rival— Catherine Thompson
Orwell Spacely, Mr. Spacely's nephew. He is an inventor and works at his uncle's factory, where he is constantly inventing things to help his uncle cosmo out. He once invented a spot remover spray that turned George Invisible. He also clones George Jetson on one occasion—Howard Morris
Voice cast[edit]
George Jetson – George O'Hanlon
Jane Jetson – Penny Singleton
Elroy Jetson – Daws Butler[16]
Judy Jetson – Janet Waldo
Astro the Space Mutt/RUDI/Uniblab/Mac – Don Messick
Rosie/Mrs. Spacely/Miss Galaxy – Jean Vander Pyl
Cosmo Spacely – Mel Blanc
Spencer Cogswell – Daws Butler
Henry Orbit – Daws Butler (Howard Morris in a few early Season 1 episodes)[citation needed]
Orbitty – Frank Welker
DiDi – Selma Diamond (and Brenda Vaccaro after Diamond's death)
In later productions, Jeff Bergman has voiced George, Elroy, and Mr. Spacely. Bergman completed voice work as George and Spacely for Jetsons: The Movie (1990) after George O'Hanlon and Mel Blanc died during production. Controversially, Janet Waldo was replaced—after recording all of her dialogue—by then-popular singer Tiffany for Jetsons: The Movie. Lori Frazier has provided the voice of Jane Jetson in television commercials for Radio Shack.
Production[edit]
The first season for the series was produced and directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, When the Warner Bros. Cartoons studio closed in May 1961, several of its animators, including Gerry Chiniquy and Ken Harris, also joined Hanna-Barbera to work on the first season.
Morey Amsterdam and Pat Carroll controversy[edit]
In 1963, Morey Amsterdam and Pat Carroll filed a $12,000 suit each, against Hanna-Barbera for breach of contract.[17][18] Both claimed they had been cast and signed to the roles of George Jetson and Jane Jetson respectively. Their contracts stipulated they would be paid US$500 an episode with a guarantee of 24 episodes' work (a full season). However, they recorded only one episode, after which they were replaced.[17] Several sources claimed the change had occurred as a result of sponsor conflict between Amsterdam's commitment to The Dick Van Dyke Show and Carroll's to Make Room for Daddy.[19][20] The case had been closed by early 1965.[21] In a 2013 interview, Pat Carroll indicated that the court had ruled in favor of Hanna-Barbera.[17]
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of The Jetsons episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Season premiere
Season finale
1 24 September 23, 1962 (1962-09-23) March 17, 1963 (1963-03-17)
2 41 September 16, 1985 (1985-09-16) December 13, 1985 (1985-12-13)
3 10 October 19, 1987 (1987-10-19) November 12, 1987 (1987-11-12)
The show's original run consisted of 24 episodes that first aired on ABC from September 23, 1962, to March 17, 1963, and, as was standard practice at the time, contained a laugh track.
In 1984, Hanna-Barbera began producing new episodes specifically for syndication; by September 1985, the 24 episodes from the first season were combined with 41 new episodes and began airing in morning or late afternoon time slots in 80 U.S. media markets, including the 30 largest.[22] The 41 new episodes were produced at a cost of $300,000 each, and featured all of the voice actors from the 1962–1963 show.[22] During 1987, 10 additional "season 3" episodes were also made available for syndication.[23]
Broadcast history[edit]
Following its primetime cancellation, ABC placed reruns of The Jetsons on its Saturday morning schedule for the 1963–1964 season. The program would spend the next two decades on Saturday mornings, with subsequent runs on CBS (1964–65 and 1969–71) and NBC (1965–67; 1971–76; 1979–81 and 1982–83). Beginning in the late 1960s, The Jetsons also began airing simultaneously in syndication. Along with fellow Hanna-Barbera production Jonny Quest and Warner Bros.' Looney Tunes shorts, The Jetsons is one of the few series to have aired on each of the Big Three television networks in the United States.
Theme song[edit]
The series' theme song, by composer Hoyt Curtin, became a pop hit in 1986.[24]
Science fiction themes[edit]
Animation historian Christopher P. Lehman considers that the series shares its main science fiction theme with Funderful Suburbia (1962), a Modern Madcaps animated short. Both feature people involved in space colonization. However there is a key difference in the nature of the colonization. In Funderful Suburbia, humans colonize outer space in order to escape the problems of planet Earth. The Jetsons live in a place where space colonization is already established. Life in outer space is depicted as a fact of life, while the reasons behind humanity's take over of outer space are never explained.[25]
Lehman argues that the series offers no explanation for its science fiction premise and does not directly satirize the social problems of any era. The setting is combined with standard sitcom elements, which serve as the series' main focus.[25]
Reception[edit]
After the announcement of the fall 1962 network television schedule Time magazine characterized The Jetsons as one of several new situation comedies (along with The Beverly Hillbillies, I'm Dickens... He's Fenster, and Our Man Higgins) that was "stretching further than ever for their situations";[9] after all the season's new shows had premiered—a season "responding to Minow's exhortations"—the magazine called the series "silly and unpretentious, corny and clever, now and then quite funny."[26]
Thirty years later, Time said: "In an age of working mothers, single parents and gay matrimony, George Jetson and his clan already seem quaint even to the baby boomers who grew up with them."[27] Conversely, Jeffrey Tucker of the Ludwig von Mises Institute has argued that "The whole scene—which anticipated so much of the technology we have today but, strangely, not email or texting—reflected the ethos of time: a love of progress and a vision of a future that stayed on course ... The Jetsons' world is our world: explosive technological advances, entrenched bourgeois culture, a culture of enterprise that is very fond of the good life."[28]
Differences between versions[edit]
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Added characters:
In the first episode of the 1980s episodes, an alien named Orbitty joined the family after Elroy discovered him on a field trip to an asteroid. Orbitty speaks in his own garbled dialect, has coil springs for legs, and changes colors according to his mood.
Various appliances appear in the 1980s episodes such as Memo-Minder and Di-Di, Judy's diary, which is shaped like a giant pair of wax lips.
Other differences include the following:
The original 1960s episodes are distinguished by 1960s design motifs, music, and references (similar to The Flintstones and other Hanna-Barbera shows of that period). The 1980s version had a custom soundtrack with new sound-effects created by synthesizer.
Whereas the 1960s stories were basically 1950s sitcom plots in a setting, the 1980s stories delved into fantastic, sci-fi cartoon territory.
The 1960s version was more adult oriented than the 1980s version, which was aimed at younger viewers.
The 1980s opening credits contain a re-recorded version of the original Jetsons theme song, which features the use of synthesized drums and synth lead tracks typical of 1980s music.
The 1960s closing credits were similar to the closing credits scenes from The Flintstones, which feature the family getting ready for bed as well as a disaster with their pets. In The Jetsons, George is walking Astro on a treadmill, Astro chases a cat, and then both animals jumping off after the treadmill malfunctions leaving Jetson running for his life. The 1980s version had to accommodate a larger production staff, including dozens of voice actors, and this closing credits segment was replaced with static multicolored backgrounds with pictures of The Jetsons arranged next to numerous credits. The 1960s episodes were rereleased with the redesigned closing segment (containing fewer production staff credits than the 1980s episodes, but has more names than the original closing scene which left several people uncredited) but are usually seen rebroadcast with their original credits segment.
The 1960s episodes do not contain title cards. When the 1980s episodes were made, title cards were also made for the 1960s episodes, which explains the appearance of Orbitty in the title cards of the 1960s episodes. (Orbitty also appears in the 1980s closing credits, which style was also used for the 1960s episodes.)
Many of the 1980s episodes were colored and composited using computer animation technology including digital ink and paint, rather than the more traditional ink and paint on cels.
The backgrounds in the 1980s version contain vivid colors, and are more detailed than the 1960s version.
While the 1960s episodes referenced rockets and other "space age" theme devices, reflective of the real-life American space program which fascinated the United States, the 1980s episodes leaned more towards how computers would influence life in outer space.
In the 1980s version, Rosie the Robot appears more often than in the 1960s (when she only appeared in two episodes). Astro is also featured more prominently.
The original spelling of Rosie's name is "Rosey", as featured in the 1962 premiere "Rosey the Robot". Her spelling was modified to "Rosie", as featured in the 1985 episode "Rosie Come Home".
Instead of the buttons, knobs, dials, and switches in the 1960s version, the 1980s version uses flat buttons and brightly lit consoles.
The 1960s episodes were fitted with a laugh track (as was The Flintstones); the 1980s episodes were not.
Specials and film adaptations[edit]
Television films[edit]
The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones (1987)
Rockin' with Judy Jetson (1988)
Television specials[edit]
Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration (1989)
Theatrical releases[edit]
Jetsons: The Movie (1990)
Direct-to-video films[edit]
The Jetsons & WWE: Robo-WrestleMania! (2017)[29]
Planned live-action and animated film reboots[edit]
Paramount Pictures first tried to film a live-action version of The Jetsons in 1985, which was to be executive produced by Gary Nardino, but failed to do so.[30] In the late 1980s, Universal Studios purchased the film rights for The Flintstones and The Jetsons from Hanna-Barbera Productions. The result was Jetsons: The Movie, which was released in 1990. In November 2001, screenwriting duo Paul Foley and Dan Forman were brought onboard to revise a screenplay, with Rob Minkoff attached as director and Denise Di Novi as producer.[31]
On March 18, 2003, it was announced that the script was again being reworked,[32] with Adam Shankman entering negotiations to direct and co-write the film.[33] In June 2004, with Shankman still onboard as director, Di Novi confirmed that the latest draft was penned by Sam Harper.[34] By May 2006, the project was re-launched with Adam F. Goldberg confirmed as the new screenwriter, and Donald De Line was added as producer alongside Di Novi.[35]
In May 2007, director Robert Rodriguez entered talks with Universal Studios and Warner Bros. to film a CGI adaptation of The Jetsons for a potential 2009 theatrical release, having at the time discussed directing a film adaptation of Land of the Lost with Universal. Rodriguez was uncertain which project he would pursue next, though the latest script draft for The Jetsons by Goldberg was further along in development.[36]
In January 2012, recording artist Kanye West was mistakenly reported as creative director over the project, though West clarified on social media that "I was just discussing becoming the creative director for the Jetson [sic] movie and someone on the call yelled out.. you should do a Jetsons tour!"[37] Longtime producer Denise Di Novi denied the confirmed involvement stating negotiations with West via conference call was merely "preliminary and exploratory and introductory".[38] In February 2012, Warner Bros. hired Van Robichaux and Evan Susser to rewrite the script.[39][40]
On January 23, 2015, it was announced that Warner Bros. planned a new animated Jetsons feature film, with Matt Lieberman to provide the screenplay.[41][42] As of May 25, 2017, Conrad Vernon will direct the film.[43]
Planned live-action TV remake[edit]
On August 17, 2017, ABC ordered a pilot for a live-action sitcom version of The Jetsons to be written by Gary Janetti and executive produced by Janetti, Jack Rapke and Robert Zemeckis.[44]
Further appearances[edit]
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Hanna-Barbera related[edit]
The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera (ride), Elroy Jetson is kidnapped by Dick Dastardly (from Wacky Races and Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines) and it is up to ride guests to save him. (1991)
Space Stars, Astro appeared in the segment "Astro and the Space Mutts".
A 1974 proposal would have created a sequel series to The Jetsons, set roughly ten years after the original series. CBS rejected the proposal and it was retooled into Partridge Family 2200 A.D.[45]
Other projects[edit]
The Jetsons: Father & Son Day (Spümcø, Macromedia Flash)
The Jetsons: The Best Son (Spümcø, Macromedia Flash)
Some characters appeared in commercials for Electrasol and Tums.
In the late 1990s, George, Jane, and Astro appeared in Christmas Radio Shack commercials.
In 2003, New Zealand ISP Xtra used The Jetsons as part of an advertising campaign with George Jetson promoting the benefits of broadband Internet. The advert ended with George saying, "Broadband is the way, but some people will never get used to progress", and an image of Fred Flintstone using a stone shaped computer with a real mouse.[46]
The Jetsons have appeared three times in Family Guy.
The Jetsons were seen in a Cartoon Network Rap in 1995.
The Jetsons characters were in a parody of I, Robot done on Robot Chicken where Rosie is accused of murdering George.
The Jetsons can be seen in the background in the "MetLife" commercial "Everyone" in 2012.
The Jetsons appear in Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law, in the episode "Back to the Present."
Comics[edit]
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The Jetsons #1–36 (Gold Key Comics, January 1963 – October 1970)
March of Comics #276 (1965), #330 (1969), #348
The Jetsons #1–20 (Charlton Comics, November 1970 – December 1973); 100-page no-number issue
Spotlight #3 (Marvel Comics, 197x)
The Jetsons #1–5 (Harvey Comics, September 1992 – November 1993); Big Book #1–3, Giant Size #1–3
The Jetsons #1–17 (Archie Comics, September 1995 – August 1996)
The Flintstones and the Jetsons #1–21 (DC Comics, August 1997 – April 1999)
Scooby Doo Team-Up #8 (DC Comics, January 2015)
Booster Gold/The Flintstones Annual #1 (DC Comics, March 2017)
Video games[edit]
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The Jetsons' Ways with Words (Intellivision, 1984)
The Jetsons: George Jetson and the Legend of Robotopia (Amiga, 1990)
The Jetsons: By George, in Trouble Again (DOS, 1990)
The Jetsons: Cogswell's Caper! (NES, 1992)
The Jetsons: Robot Panic (Game Boy, 1992)
The Jetsons: Invasion of the Planet Pirates (Super NES, 1994)
Jetsons: The Computer Game (Amiga, 1992)
The Jetsons: Mealtime Malfunction (Apple, 1993)
The Jetsons' Space Race (part of "Hanna-Barbera’s Cartoon Carnival") (CD-i, 1993)
Flintstones Jetsons Time Warp (CD-i, 1994)
Home video releases[edit]
On June 28, 1990, Hanna-Barbera released six episodes from the show on home video.[citation needed] Warner Home Video released season 1 on DVD in Region 1 on May 11, 2004; upon its release, James Poniewozik wrote it's "as much about New Frontier 1962 as about the distant future. Its ditzy slapstick is like the peanut-butter-and-jelly mix Goober Grape—if you didn't love it as a kid, you're not going to acquire the taste as an adult—and the pop-culture gags ... have not aged well. But the animation is still a classic of gee-whiz atomic-age modernism."[47]
The review of the DVD release from Entertainment Weekly said the show "trots through surprisingly dated sitcom plots about blustery bosses, bad lady drivers, and Elvis Presleyesque teen idols, all greeted with laugh tracks" but points out "it's the appeal of the retro-prescient gadgets (recliner massagers, big-screen TVs, two-way monitors) that still carries the show."[48] Season 1 was released on DVD in Region 4 on July 5, 2006.[49] Season Two, Volume 1 was released on DVD almost three years later, on June 2, 2009 for Region 1.[50]
On November 8, 2011, Warner Archive released The Jetsons: Season 2, Volume 2 on DVD in Region 1 as part of their Hanna–Barbera Classics Collection. This is a Manufacture-on-Demand (MOD) release, available exclusively through Warner's online store and Amazon.com.[51] Warner Archive followed up by releasing Season 3 in the same way on May 13, 2014.[52]
DVD Name
Ep #
Release date
Season 1 24 October 15, 2004
Season 2, Volume 1 21 June 2, 2009
Season 2, Volume 2 20 November 8, 2011
Season 3 10 May 13, 2014
Legacy[edit]
Boomerang aired the show from April 1, 2000 to April 6, 2014, and the series returned to Boomerang on July 2, 2016 to March 6, 2017. Cartoon Network aired the show from 1992 to 2004 and returned the series October 2012.[citation needed] Also, some of the 1980s episodes were available for viewing on In2TV prior to its shutdown; these episodes were later moved to the online version of Kids' WB.[citation needed] Also the first two seasons of The Jetsons are available to download on Sony's PlayStation Network, Apple's iTunes Store and at the Xbox Live Marketplace.[citation needed] The Kids' WB website eventually shut down in 2015, however, the Kids' WB episodes can still be streamed, thanks to much of the website being preserved by the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine.
Forbes magazine valued Spacely Sprockets at $1.3 billion, on its "The 25 Largest Fictional Companies" list.[53]
The original cartoon series had several devices that did not exist at the time but subsequently have not only been invented but are in common usage: a flatscreen television, newspaper on a computer-like screen, a computer virus, video chat, a tanning bed, home treadmill and more.[54]
In January 2009, IGN listed The Jetsons as the 46th best animated television series.[1]
The Jetsons episodes have been available for viewing on Comcast's video on demand service under the kids category, then under the Kids WB subcategory.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Animation portal
Television in the United States portal
List of works produced by Hanna-Barbera
List of Hanna-Barbera characters
Design for Dreaming
Googie architecture
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Top 100 animated series". IGN. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
Jump up ^ CD liner notes: Saturday Morning: Cartoons' Greatest Hits, 1995 MCA Records
Jump up ^ "Jetsons: The Complete First Season". DVD Talk. May 11, 2004. Retrieved 2010-08-27.
Jump up ^ http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/automating-hard-or-hardly-automating-george-jetson-and-the-manual-labor-of-tomorrow-20694353/?no-ist
Jump up ^ O'Reilly, Terry (May 24, 2014). "21st Century Brands". Under the Influence. Season 3. Episode 21. Transcript of the original source. Event occurs at time 3:15. CBC Radio One. Retrieved June 7, 2014. The program was ahead of its time in more ways than one, as it was the first television series to be broadcast in colour on the ABC network, at a time when only 3% of the public had colour television sets.
Jump up ^ "Jetsons, The — Season 2, Volume 1 Review". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
Jump up ^ Alex McNeil (1980). Total Television. Penguin Books.
Jump up ^ "The Jetsons: Did you Know...?". Gemstone Publishing. May 16, 2003. Archived from the original on June 4, 2003. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
^ Jump up to: a b "Television: The Coming Season". Time. July 27, 1962. Archived from the original on February 19, 2011. Retrieved 2010-11-21. The producers of The Flintstones have a new family called The Jetsons, who live in outer space.
Jump up ^ Episode "The Vacation", original airdate November 7, 1985
Jump up ^ Episode 14, "Test Pilot", at 21:17 (after being told that he should live to be 150) "Please Mr. Spacely, don't launch those missiles! I've got 110 good years ahead of me!
Jump up ^ Episode 1, "Rosey the Robot", at 2:28: "Don't be smart. You know I'm only 33
Jump up ^ Episode 1, "Rosey the Robot", at 2:49: Jane Jetson: "If I was only 16 again. In fact, if I was only 32-22-32 again."
Jump up ^ Episode 1, "Rosey the Robot", at 22:09: "Boy, if I wasn't 6½, I'd...I'd cry."
Jump up ^ Season 2, Episode 23, "A Jetson Christmas Carol"
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0055683/
^ Jump up to: a b c Kliph Nesteroff (2013-10-26). "Classic Television Showbiz: An Interview with Pat Carroll – Part Two". Classicshowbiz.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
Jump up ^ Yowp (2010-01-27). "Yowp: Meet George Jetson — The Other One". Yowpyowp.blogspot.com. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
Jump up ^ The Evening Sentinel, June 1, 1962, Morey Amsterdam and Pat Carroll have been forced off as "voice" stars of ABC’s new animated "The Jetsons" cartoon series. Too many sponsor conflicts, what with Morey being a regular on the Dick Van Dyke Show and Pat likewise on the Danny Thomas Show.
Jump up ^ https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19641214&id=VwhPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UgEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7330,3979925
Jump up ^ TV Firm Sued By Two, Oxnard Press-Courier, January 25, 1965
^ Jump up to: a b Yockel, Michael (September 10, 1985). "Fresh Episodes Ending The Jetsons Suspended Animation". Chicago Tribune. ProQuest. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
Jump up ^ Koch, David, ed. "The Jetsons TV Episode Guide". The Big Cartoon Database. p. 4. Retrieved October 2, 2012. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Wharton, David (August 28, 1986). "'Jetsons' Revival Brings Limelight to Composer". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
^ Jump up to: a b Lehman (2007), p. 25-26
Jump up ^ "Television: The New Season". Time. October 12, 1962. Archived from the original on March 6, 2007. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
Jump up ^ "The Nuclear Family Goes Boom!". Time. October 15, 1992. Archived from the original on October 30, 2007. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Jeffrey (2011-03-29). "Pushing Buttons Like the Jetsons". LewRockwell.com.
Jump up ^ "Jetsons WWE (2017)". IGN. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Paramount's Future- from 1985". YouTube. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
Jump up ^ Dunkley, Cathy (November 27, 2001). "‘Jetsons’ finds rewrite pair". Variety. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Dunkley, Cathy; Brodesser, Claude (March 18, 2003). "Shankman ready to meet ‘Jetsons’". Variety. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kit, Zorianna (March 19, 2003). "Shankman in pilot chair for live 'Jetsons'.". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stax (7 June 2004). "The Jetsons Update!". IGN. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (May 2, 2006). "‘Jetsons’ relaunched". Variety. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (2007-05-09). "Future or past for Rodriguez?". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2007-07-16.
Jump up ^ Dobbins, Amanda (January 5, 2012). "What We Learned From Kanye’s Tremendous Late-Night Twitter Rant". Vulture. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Carlson, Eric (January 6, 2012). "Kanye West Is Not 'Creative Director' of Jetsons Movie, Says Producer". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Eisenberg, Eric (February 7, 2012). "Live-Action Jetsons Movie Still In The Works, New Writer Hired". CinemaBlend.com. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Gallagher, Brian (February 7, 2012). "‘The Jetsons’ Lands Writers Van Robichaux and Evan Susser". MovieWeb. Retrieved April 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lesnik, Silas (January 23, 2015). "The Jetsons Planned as Animated Feature". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Jr., Mike (January 23, 2015). "Warner Bros Plots ‘The Jetsons’ Animated Feature; Matt Lieberman Writing". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (January 23, 2015). "Animated 'Jetsons' Movie Lifting off With ‘Sausage Party’ Director". Variety. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (August 17, 2017). "'The Jetsons' Live-Action TV Comedy in the Works at ABC". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.cmongethappy.com/2200/newpf2200.html
Jump up ^ "Xtra Jetstream Commercial".
Jump up ^ James Poniewozik (May 17, 2004). "Meet George Jetson—Again". Technology. Time. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
Jump up ^ Steve Daly (May 14, 2004). "Jetsons & Jonny". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
Jump up ^ Philippa Hawker (July 5, 2006). "The Jetsons, season one". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2010-11-21.
Jump up ^ "The Jetsons DVD news: Box Art & Extras for The Jetsons — Season 2, Volume 1". TVShowsOnDVD.com. 2007-05-25. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
Jump up ^ "The Jetsons – Tomorrow Sees Warner Archive's Release of 'Season 2, Volume 2'".
Jump up ^ "The Jetsons DVD news: Announcement for The Jetsons – Season 3". TVShowsOnDVD.com. 2014-04-28. Retrieved 2014-06-05.
Jump up ^ Noer, Michael; Ewalt, David M. (December 10, 2007). "In Pictures: The 25 Largest Fictional Companies". Forbes. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
Jump up ^ O'Reilly, Terry (May 24, 1014). "21st Century Brands". Under the Influence. Season 3. Episode 21. Transcript of the original source. Event occurs at time 2:07. CBC Radio One. Retrieved June 7, 2014. The series had lots of interesting devices that marveled us back in the 60s. In episode one, we see wife Jane doing exercises in front of a flatscreen television. In another episode, we see George Jetson reading the newspaper on a screen. Can anyone say computer? In another, Boss Spacely tells George to fix something called a "computer virus." Everyone on the show uses video chat, foreshadowing Skype and Face Time. There is a robot vacuum cleaner, foretelling the 2002 arrival of the iRobot Roomba vacuum. There was also a tanning bed used in an episode, a product that wasn't introduced to North America until 1979. And while flying space cars that have yet to land in our lives, the Jetsons show had moving sidewalks like we now have in airports, treadmills that didn't hit the consumer market until 1969, and they had a repairman who had a piece of technology called... Mac.
Sources[edit]
Lehman, Christopher P. (2007), "The Cartoons of 1961-1962", American Animated Cartoons of the Vietnam Era: A Study of Social Commentary in Films and Television Programs, 1961-1973, McFarland & Company, ISBN 978-0786451425
Further reading[edit]
Michael Mallory (1998). Hanna-Barbera Cartoons. published by Hugh Lauter Levin Associates, Inc.; distributed by Publishers Group West. ISBN 0-88363-108-3.
External links[edit]
The Jetsons on IMDb
The Jetsons at TV.com
The Jetsons at the Big Cartoon DataBase
The Jetsons at Don Markstein's Toonopedia
Jetson's Movie
The Cartoon Scrapbook – Profile on The Jetsons.
[show]
v
t
e
The Jetsons
Characters
George Jetson
Jane Jetson
Judy Jetson
Elroy Jetson
Astro
Rosie the Robot Maid
Mr. Spacely
Television shows
The Jetsons (1962–1963)
Space Stars (1981–1982)
Films and specials
The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones (1987)
Rockin' with Judy Jetson (1988)
Hanna-Barbera's 50th: A Yabba Dabba Doo Celebration (1989)
Jetsons: The Movie (1990)
The Jetsons & WWE: Robo-WrestleMania! (2017)
Games
The Jetsons: Cogswell's Caper! (1992)
The Jetsons: Invasion of the Planet Pirates (1994)
Other appearances
The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera (1990 ride)
"Back to the Present" (Harvey Birdman: Attorney at Law episode, 2004)
[show]
v
t
e
Hanna-Barbera
Founders
William Hanna
Joseph Barbera
Original productions
The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show
Birdman
Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels
CB Bears
The Flintstones
The Funky Phantom
Grape Ape
Hong Kong Phooey
Huckleberry Hound
Jabberjaw
The Jetsons
Jonny Quest
Loopy De Loop
Magilla Gorilla
The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series
Peter Potamus
Quick Draw McGraw
The Ruff and Reddy Show
Scooby-Doo
Smurfs
Snorks
Space Ghost
Tom and Jerry
Top Cat
Yogi Bear
Wacky Races
Amusement attractions
Hanna–Barbera Land
The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera
Comics
Hanna-Barbera Beyond
Other media
Films
Video games
See also
Characters
[show]
v
t
e
Hanna-Barbera Beyond
Past titles
Future Quest (2016–2017)
The Flintstones (2016–2017)
Wacky Raceland (2016)
Ongoing titles
Scooby Apocalypse (2016–present)
Future Quest Presents (2017–present)
Dastardly and Muttley (2017–present)
Upcoming titles
The Jetsons (2017)
Ruff and Reddy (2017)
The Banana Splits (2017)
See also
DC Comics
Hanna-Barbera
[show]
v
t
e
Children's programming on the American Broadcasting Company in the 1960s
First-run animated series
Rocky and His Friends (1959–73)
The New Casper Cartoon Show (1963–70)
Hoppity Hooper (1961–75)
The Beatles (1965–69)
The Porky Pig Show
Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales
Milton the Monster (1965–68)
The King Kong Show (1966–69)
Fantastic Four (1967–70)
Spider-Man (1967–70)
Journey to the Center of the Earth (1967–69)
George of the Jungle (1967–70)
The Adventures of Gulliver (1968–70)
Fantastic Voyage (1968–70)
The Smokey the Bear Show
The Cattanooga Cats Show (1969–71)
Hot Wheels (1969–71)
The Hardy Boys (1969–71)
Skyhawks (1969–71)
First-run live-action series
Lunch with Soupy Sales (1959–61)
The Magic Land of Allakazam (1962–64)
Discovery (1962–71)
American Bandstand (1957–87)
Shenanigans (1964–65)
Rebroadcasts
Top Cat (1962–63)
The Bugs Bunny Show (1962–68)
My Friend Flicka
The Jetsons (1962–64)
Beany and Cecil (1962–88)
Buffalo Bill, Jr.
Annie Oakley
The Magilla Gorilla Show
Schedules
1960–61
1961–62
1962–63
1963–64
1964–65
1965–66
1966–67
1967–68
1968–69
1969–70
Related
Animation in the United States in the television era
[show]
v
t
e
Children's programming on CBS in the 1960s
First-run animated series
Mighty Mouse Playhouse (1955–67)
Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales (1963–72)
Linus the Lionhearted
The Heckle and Jeckle Cartoon Show
Tom and Jerry (1965–72)
The Mighty Heroes
The Underdog Show (last few seasons)
Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles (1966–68)
Space Ghost and Dino Boy (1966–68)
The New Adventures of Superman (1966–70)
The Adventures of Batman (1969–70)
The Lone Ranger
The Road Runner Show (1968–71; 1975–78; 1978–85)
The Beagles
The Herculoids (1967–68)
Shazzan
Moby Dick and Mighty Mightor (1967–69)
The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure
Go Go Gophers
Wacky Races (1968–70)
The Archie Show (1968–69)
The Batman/Superman Hour
Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines (1969–71)
The Perils of Penelope Pitstop (1969–71)
Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! (1969–72, 1974–76)
First-run live-action series
Captain Kangaroo (1955–84)
The Magic Land of Allakazam
CBS Children's Film Festival
Rebroadcasts
Sky King
The Roy Rogers Show
My Friend Flicka
The Alvin Show
The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin
The Quick Draw McGraw Show
The Jetsons
The Adventures of Lassie
Jonny Quest
The Monkees (1969–72)
Schedules
1960–61
1961–62
1962–63
1963–64
1964–65
1965–66
1966–67
1967–68
1968–69
1969–70
Related programming and topics
Animation in the United States in the television era
[show]
v
t
e
Children's programming on CBS in the 1970s
First-run
animated
series
Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales (1963-72)
Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines (1969–71)
The Perils of Penelope Pitstop (1969–71)
The Adventures of Batman (1969–70)
Sabrina the Teenage Witch (1971–74)
Groovie Goolies (1970–71)
The Pebbles and Bamm-Bamm Show (1971–72)
Help!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch! (1971–74)
Archie's TV Funnies (1971–73)
Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (1972–84)
My Favorite Martians (1973–75)
Bailey's Comets (1973–75)
Speed Buggy (1973–75)
Partridge Family 2200 A.D. (1974–75)
Valley of the Dinosaurs (1974–76)
The U.S. of Archie (1974–76)
Clue Club (1976–77)
Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1976–77)
The New Adventures of Batman (1977–78)
What's New Mr. Magoo? (1977)
The Batman/Tarzan Adventure Hour (1977–78)
The All New Popeye Hour (1978–83)
Tarzan and the Super 7 (1978–80)
The New Adventures of Mighty Mouse and Heckle & Jeckle (1979–81)
First-run
live-action
series
Captain Kangaroo (1955–84)
In the News (1971–86)
You Are There (1971–72)
CBS Children's Film Festival (1971–78; 1982–84)
Shazam! (1974–77)
The Harlem Globetrotters Popcorn Machine (1974–75)
The Hudson Brothers Razzle Dazzle Show (1974–75)
The Secrets of Isis (1975–77)
Far Out Space Nuts (1975–76)
The Ghost Busters (1975)
Ark II (1976)
Way Out Games (1976–77)
The Skatebirds (1977–78)
Space Academy (1977–79)
Wacko (1977)
30 Minutes (1978–82)
Jason of Star Command (1978–81)
Rebroadcasts
The Monkees (1969–72)
Wacky Races (1968–70)
The New Adventures of Superman
Jonny Quest
Sylvester and Tweety (1976–77)
Schedules
1969–70
1970–71
1971–72
1972–73
1973–74
1974–75
1975–76
1976–77
1977–78
1978–79
1979–80
Related
Animation in the United States in the television era
[show]
v
t
e
Prime time animated television series in the United States
ABC
The Bugs Bunny Show (1960–62)
Calvin and the Colonel (1961–62)
Capitol Critters (1992)
Clerks: The Animated Series (2000)
The Critic (1994)
The Flintstones (1960–66)
The Goode Family (2009)
The Jetsons (1962–63)
Jonny Quest (1964–65)
Matty's Funday Funnies (1959–1961)
Matty's Funnies with Beany and Cecil (1962)
Peanuts television specials (since 2001)
Top Cat (1961–62)
CBS
The Alvin Show (1961–62)
CBS Cartoon Theater (1956)
Creature Comforts (2007)
Family Dog (1993)
Fish Police (1992)
Garfield television specials (1982–1991)
The Gerald McBoing-Boing Show (1956–57)
The Sabrina the Teenage Witch Show (1970–74)
This Is America, Charlie Brown (1988–1990)
Wacky Races (1968–1970)
Where's Huddles? (1970)
Peanuts television specials (1965–2000)
Fox
Allen Gregory (2011)
American Dad! (2005–2014)
Axe Cop (2013)
Batman: The Animated Series (1992–93)
Bob's Burgers (since 2011)
Bordertown (2016)
The Cleveland Show (2009–2013)
The Critic (1995)
Family Guy (1999–2002; since 2005)
Futurama (1999–2003)
Golan the Insatiable (2013–15)
High School USA! (2013)
King of the Hill (1997–2009)
Lucas Bros. Moving Co. (2013–14)
Napoleon Dynamite (2012)
The PJs (1999–2000)
The Simpsons (since 1989)
Sit Down, Shut Up (2009)
Son of Zorn (2016–17)
Peanuts television specials (2011)
NBC
The Bullwinkle Show (1961–63)
The Famous Adventures of Mr. Magoo (1964–1965)
Father of the Pride (2004)
God, the Devil and Bob (2000)
Jokebook (1982)
The Ruff and Reddy Show (1957–1960)
Sammy (2000)
Stressed Eric (1998)
Wait Till Your Father Gets Home (1972)
Peanuts television specials (1971–1994)
PBS
Adventures from the Book of Virtues (1996-2000)
Click and Clack's As the Wrench Turns (2008)
Syndication
The Huckleberry Hound Show (1958–1962)
The Sabrina the Teenage Witch Show (1970–74)
Tiny Toon Adventures (Prime Toons) (1990–91)
Wait Till Your Father Gets Home (1972–74)
The WB
Animaniacs (1993–98)
Baby Blues (2000)
Freakazoid! (1996)
Invasion America (1998)
Mission Hill (1999–2000)
The Oblongs (2001)
Pinky and the Brain (1995–98)
The PJs (2000–01)
UPN
Dilbert (1999–2000)
Game Over (2004)
Gary & Mike (2001)
Home Movies (1999)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Jetsons&oldid=807830375"
Categories:
1960s American animated television series
1962 American television series debuts
1963 American television series endings
1985 American television series debuts
1987 American television series endings
1980s American animated television series
American Broadcasting Company network shows
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First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Gold Key Comics titles
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Hidden categories:
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Guide horse
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A demonstration image of a miniature horse working as a service animal.
A guide horse is an experimental mobility option for blind people who do not wish to or cannot use a guide dog.[1] They are provided by The Guide Horse Foundation, founded in 1999 to provide miniature horses as assistance animals to blind users living in rural environments. There are several perceived advantages to using a horse rather than a dog. Miniature horses, with an average lifespan of thirty years, live much longer than dogs, and for those allergic to or frightened of dogs, a horse could make a good alternative. However, while a dog can adapt to many different home situations, a horse must live outdoors, requiring a shelter and room to move about when not on duty.
Guide horse users may also find difficulty in transporting a miniature horse on limited-spaced public transportation, such as on buses or taxis. Some individuals also are concerned that a horse's powerful fight-or-flight instinct may lead it to have less predictable behavior than that of a guide dog.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Guide horse training
3 Suitability
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
In 1998, while on a horseback ride in New York City, Janet and Don Burleson of Kittrell, North Carolina, noticed how their horses were able to sense on their own when to cross the street. Janet recalled watching a blind rider compete in horse shows where “the woman gave the horse directions, and it took her around the obstacles and the other horses in the class. It was serving as her guide and that was something I’d never forgotten.”[2] She wondered if a miniature horse could be trained as a guide animal for the blind. Janet had trained Arabian show horses for 30 years and was familiar with equine behavior. But her urban experience changed her view of the behavior exhibited by one of their pet miniature horses, “Twinkie,” on their farm back home. The animal often followed the Burlesons around like a dog, and rode in the back of their minivan. From these experiences, they began training miniature horses to be seeing eye horses.[2]
Their first trainee was Twinkie. From that start, the Burlesons developed a rigorous training program for miniature horses that was similar to a guide dog’s, adding systematic desensitization training, similar to that given horses used for riot control. There were setbacks; the first time they took a miniature horse to the grocery store, it grabbed a Snickers bar off the shelf. The goal was to train these small horses to meet all requirements to become a guide animal for the blind.[2]
One of the first people to use a guide horse was Dan Shaw. At age 17, he was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa, an incurable eye disease that deteriorates vision over time. In 1998 he attended a school for the blind to learn basic skills, such as how to read Braille. However, he stated, “... I was shocked at how few options I had. I didn’t want to struggle with a white cane, and I couldn’t bear the idea of having a guide dog because of the grief I had experienced when my beloved pet dog died 10 years before. I knew I’d feel the loss of an animal I had relied on for my independence even more acutely.”[3] He heard about the Burlesons’ experimental program and was particularly interested when he found out that horses live thirty to forty years. So he applied to be the first person in the world to use a guide horse. The Burlesons started training “Cuddles” for Shaw. On March 6, 2002, he flew to Raleigh, North Carolina, and met Cuddles for the first time. After some introductory work, Janet Burleson sent Shaw and Cuddles into a crowded store where the aisles were jammed with merchandise, and they successfully navigated the store. Shaw stated, “I was about to become the world’s first user of a guide horse. I knew that there would be skeptics—people who didn’t believe horses had the right temperament to be service animals. After all, in the 1920s, when Dorothy Eustis began training German shepherds to lead the blind, many people scoffed at the idea. But I knew that getting my independence back would outweigh any criticism.”[3]
Guide horse training[edit]
The process of training a guide horse is rigorous and takes about eight months for each horse.[2] Initially, the horse is trained in basic lead work, in which the horse is taught to move at the speed that the handler commands and to navigate common obstacles. Next, the horse is trained in voice command recognition, and taught to respond to 23 voice commands. The horse is then taught to maneuver around both stationary and moving obstacles. After this, the horse is trained to signal to the handler when there is a step or ramp. Finally, the horse is housebroken, generally an easy process because of horses’ natural aversion to depositing fecal waste indoors. Intelligent disobedience is a crucial part of the training of the guide horse, as the horse must be able to disregard any commands that would be unsafe to the horse and the handler.[citation needed]
Suitability[edit]
Horses normally live to be 25 - 35 years old.[4] This is far longer than the lifespan of a dog (8-16 years, depending upon breed).[5]
On average, miniature horses may live one-third longer than large horses.[6]
Miniature horses chosen for assistance horse training weigh approximately 55-100 pounds.[6]
Eyesight is vital for a guide animal for blind users. Horses generally possess excellent vision. With eyes placed on the sides of their heads, they possess nearly 350 degree vision, are sensitive to motion in their field of vision, and often detect a potential hazard before their sighted trainers. Horses also have excellent night vision and can see clearly in almost total darkness.[6]
Miniature horses are, in general, not suited for assisting people who are deaf or hearing impaired. Most dog breeds have a natural "watchdog instinct" that is important for a hearing assistance animal; horses do not have this instinct.[7]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Guide Horse Program" (Web). The Guide Horse Foundation. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Peterson, Linda. "A Little Horse Sense: One Family's Innovative Approach to Helping the Blind." Biography Magazine September 2003: 72-75. (web)
^ Jump up to: a b Shaw, Dan. "My Turn: Yes, That's Right, It's A Seeing-Eye Horse." Newsweek 11 September 2002. (Web)
Jump up ^ Blocksdorf, Katherine (15 March 2017). "Ever Wonder How Long Horses Live?". The Spruce. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Burke, Anna. "How Long Do Dogs Live?". American Kennel Club. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 25 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Miniature Horse Facts". www.guidehorse.com. Guide Horse Foundation Inc. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Kahle, Lisa. "Therapy Horses for the Deaf". www.lifeprint.com. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
External links[edit]
Burleson, Janet. "Guide Horse Training." 1998-2005. Guide Horse Foundation. Web. http://www.guidehorse.com/training.htm
"The Guide Horse Foundation: Joke or Jeopardy?"
Helping Hooves
The Associated Press (January 29, 2007). "Miniature horse a big help to woman needing a guide". on "Panda and Edie, 58, a special-education teacher in Bethlehem, N.Y. Seattle Times. Retrieved 2007-01-29.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Guide_horse&oldid=802258404"
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