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Lucifer (TV series)
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Lucifer
Genre
Fantasy
Police procedural
Comedy-drama
Mystery
Crime
Horror
Based on
Characters created for Vertigo
by
Neil Gaiman
Sam Kieth
Mike Dringenberg
Developed by
Tom Kapinos
Starring
Tom Ellis
Lauren German
Kevin Alejandro
D. B. Woodside
Lesley-Ann Brandt
Scarlett Estevez
Kevin Rankin
Rachael Harris
Tricia Helfer
Aimee Garcia
Tom Welling
Composer(s)
Ben Decter
Jeff Russo
Marco Beltrami
Dennis Smith
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
45 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Tom Kapinos
Ildy Modrovich
Len Wiseman
Jonathan Littman
Jerry Bruckheimer
Joe Henderson
Producer(s)
Alex Katsnelson
Michael Azzolino
Erik Holmberg
Karen Gaviola
Location(s)
Los Angeles, California (season 3–present)
Vancouver, British Columbia (seasons 1–2)
Cinematography
Glen Keenan
Ryan McMaster
Tico Poulakakis
Stefan von Bjorn
Barry Donlevy
Christian Sebaldt, asc
Editor(s)
Marc Pattavina
Ray Daniels III
Fred Peterson
Hector Carrillo
Matt Coleshill
Jill D'Agnenica
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
43 minutes
Production company(s)
Jerry Bruckheimer Television
Vertigo (DC Entertainment)
Warner Bros. Television
Distributor
Warner Bros. Television Distribution
Release
Original network
Fox
Original release
January 25, 2016 (2016-01-25) – present (present)
External links
Website
Production website
Lucifer is an American fantasy police procedural drama television series developed by Tom Kapinos that premiered on Fox on January 25, 2016.[1][2] It features a character created by Neil Gaiman, Sam Kieth, and Mike Dringenberg taken from the comic book series The Sandman, who later became the protagonist of the spin-off comic book series Lucifer written by Mike Carey, both published by DC Comics' Vertigo imprint.
On February 13, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a third season, which premiered on October 2, 2017, and is set to comprise 24 episodes.
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Episodes
3 Cast and characters
4 Production
4.1 Development and casting
4.2 Filming locations
4.3 Music
5 Release
5.1 Broadcast
5.2 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Ratings
6.2 Critical reception
6.3 Awards and nominations
6.4 Censorship campaign
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Premise[edit]
The series focuses on Lucifer Morningstar, the Devil, who is bored and unhappy as the Lord of Hell, and resigns his throne and abandons his kingdom for Los Angeles to become a consultant with the LAPD whilst running his nightclub "Lux".
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Lucifer episodes
In April 2016, Fox renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on September 19, 2016.[3] On October 31, 2016, the series received a 22-episode full second season pickup by Fox.[4] On February 13, 2017, Fox renewed the series for a third season initially of 22 episodes, which premiered on October 2, 2017.[5][6] However, in March 2017, it was revealed that the final four episodes of the second season would be removed and put in the third season to air, meaning that the second season would consist of 18 episodes and the third season would consist of 26.[7][8] Then on January 22, 2018, writer Chris Rafferty indicated that the third season would instead contain 24 episodes.[9]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 13 January 25, 2016 (2016-01-25) April 25, 2016 (2016-04-25)
2 18 September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19) May 29, 2017 (2017-05-29)
3 24[10] October 2, 2017 (2017-10-02) May 7, 2018 (2018-05-07)[10]
Cast and characters[edit]
Tom Ellis as Lucifer Morningstar:[11]
The Lord of Hell, who is bored with his life, abdicates his throne and becomes a civilian consultant for the Los Angeles Police Department while running his own high-end nightclub called "Lux". Lucifer frequently tells people that he is the Devil and is very open about this, but very few take this seriously. He is a fallen angel, immortal, and besides powers such as superhuman strength and invulnerability, he has a supernatural ability to make people tell him their hidden desires. When he arrived in Los Angeles, he had his wings severed. Lucifer is highly sexual, and can make himself irresistible to most people. Neil Gaiman's Lucifer was partly inspired by David Bowie, but the show's creators decided against trying to mimic Bowie.[12] Tom Ellis saw the character as a sort of Oscar Wilde or Noël Coward character "with added rock and roll spirit", approaching his portrayal as if he were the "lovechild of Noël Coward and Mick Jagger, with a dash of British actor Terry-Thomas".[13]
Lauren German as Detective Chloe Decker:[14]
Like her father before her, she is an LAPD homicide detective. She solves crimes with Lucifer after he takes an interest in her because she appears immune to his abilities. Due to an earlier incident concerning a cop shooting, she was ostracized by her fellow officers, resulting in her being partnered with Lucifer as her civilian consultant. When she is around Lucifer, he becomes vulnerable to physical harm. Her ex-husband, Dan, is also with the LAPD, and they have a daughter, Trixie. Chloe's mother Penelope (Rebecca De Mornay) is an actress, as was Chloe herself, briefly. The events of season 2 reveal that Penelope was barren and Chloe's conception was the result of a miracle, performed by God with assistance from Amenadiel.
Kevin Alejandro as Detective Daniel "Dan" Espinoza:[15]
An LAPD homicide detective and Chloe's ex-husband. He dislikes Lucifer because of his friendship with Chloe and Trixie, but as time passes Dan and Lucifer occasionally find common ground. Lucifer repeatedly calls him "Detective Douche". Originally Chloe's superior on the force, Dan was suspended due to the events of the Malcolm Graham case, then reinstated with a demotion to Detective.
D. B. Woodside as Amenadiel:[16]
An angel, Lucifer's older brother, and the eldest of all their siblings. His physical powers are similar to Lucifer's, and he can also stop time. He arrives in Los Angeles to encourage Lucifer to go back to Hell, and failing that, he attempts to force Lucifer back in different ways. Unlike Lucifer, Amenadiel has always followed God's orders, but comes to question his life-choices as events on earth begin to affect him.
Lesley-Ann Brandt as Mazikeen:[17][18]
Confidante and devoted ally of Lucifer Morningstar, "Maze" for short. She is a demon who, having served as his head torturer, followed him from Hell to Los Angeles, and acted as a bartender and bodyguard at Lucifer's club. In season 2, Maze looks for a new direction on Earth and becomes a bounty hunter, having found something that feels right to her.
Scarlett Estevez as Beatrice "Trixie" Espinoza:[19]
Chloe and Dan's seven-year-old (at the start of the series) daughter, who befriends Lucifer and Mazikeen.
Rachael Harris as Dr. Linda Martin:[16]
Lucifer's Stanford-educated psychotherapist, who initially accepts "payments" from him in the form of sex. Like almost everyone else, Dr. Martin does not take what Lucifer says at face value, and at first believes that Lucifer is using a religious metaphor to describe himself and his dysfunctional family relationships, until he reveals his true self in season 2, which leaves her visibly shaken. Prior to this her attempts to help Lucifer solve his emotional and personal problems have limited success, since she does not appreciate what he tells her is the truth, and because Lucifer himself has a tendency to misunderstand or misapply her advice. Eventually, Dr. Martin becomes part of Lucifer's circle of friends as well as his therapist.
Kevin Rankin as Detective Malcolm Graham (season 1):[20]
A police officer who was shot prior to the beginning of the series. Chloe Decker witnessed the shooting, which occurred while Malcolm was secretly meeting with a suspected criminal. After the shooting, he was left in a coma. He briefly died but was then brought back from hell by Amenadiel to kill Lucifer, and is killed at the end of season one.
Tricia Helfer as Charlotte Richards/"Mum" (season 2–present):[21]
Lucifer and Amenadiel's mother and exiled wife of God, who has escaped her prison in Hell. She is described as "the goddess of all creation", but her name and exact nature remain unrevealed. She is rumored to have caused plagues and floods before her imprisonment, and seeks revenge on her ex-husband. On Earth, her soul occupies the body of Charlotte Richards, a murdered lawyer. At the end of season 2, she leaves the universe, prompted by Lucifer to create her own world. As she leaves, she resurrects the human Charlotte who has no memory of her time as "Mum", but does remember spending time in hell.
Aimee Garcia as Ella Lopez (seasons 2–present):[22]
A forensic scientist for the LAPD who helps Chloe and Lucifer with their cases. Ella hails from Detroit, and grew up with four brothers. Ella wears a crucifix, leading both Lucifer and Chloe to ask questions about her Christian faith; according to Ella, she had an aunt who was a nun, but who taught her that to doubt things was all right, and so Ella believes questioning things makes her a better scientist.
Tom Welling as Lieutenant Marcus Pierce / Cain (season 3):
A highly respected police lieutenant who oversees the work of Chloe, Dan, and Ella at the precinct.[23] He is revealed to be the immortal Cain, the world's first murderer.[24]
Production[edit]
Development and casting[edit]
In September 2014, it was reported that DC and Fox were developing a television series based on the Sandman character Lucifer, as originally written by Neil Gaiman.[1] In February 2015, it was announced that Tom Ellis had been cast as Lucifer Morningstar, and that Tom Kapinos would write the pilot, to be directed by Len Wiseman.[11] Lina Esco was originally cast as Maze (Mazikeen),[25] however, the role was later recast with Lesley-Ann Brandt.[17] Nicholas Gonzalez portrayed Dan in the pilot episode.[26] The series is a "loose adaption" of the original comic-book.[27]
In May 2015, the series was officially picked up for 13 episodes for the 2015–16 season.[28][29] Fox then hired Almost Human alum Joe Henderson as showrunner, with Kapinos remaining on the series in a lesser capacity.[30]
In June 2016, it was announced that Tricia Helfer had been cast as Lucifer and Amenadiel's mother, Charlotte, and that she was to appear in multiple episodes in season 2.[31] The character was promoted to series regular in July 2016.[32] Aimee Garcia had also been cast as a regular in season 2, playing L.A.P.D.'s forensic scientist Ella Lopez.[33]
In August 2016, executive producer Ildy Modrovich announced the casting of Michael Imperioli as the angel Uriel, Amenadiel and Lucifer's younger brother with "a chip on his shoulder".[34]
Filming locations[edit]
Although the pilot was shot on location in Los Angeles, the rest of the first season and the entirety of the second were filmed in Vancouver, British Columbia, with a relocation to California beginning with the third season,[35] taking advantage of tax incentives provided by the California Film Commission under its "Program 2.0" initiative.[36]
Music[edit]
The opening theme is a six-second clip from "Being Evil Has a Price", performed by the band Heavy Young Heathens.[37] In a lawsuit filed against Warner Bros., the song's composers, Robert and Aron Marderosian, claim the song has been used without giving them proper credit or a licensing agreement.[38]
Several episodes include musical performances by Tom Ellis, although he has stated in interviews that while it is his vocals, the piano accompaniment seen on screen is not actually him.[39] Neil Gaiman is a fan of David Bowie, and some of Bowie's music has been used on the show.[40]
Release[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
Broadcast on the Fox network in the US, and on FX in Australia.[41] The series is also broadcast in New Zealand on the TVNZ1 channel [42]
Home media[edit]
The series is available on Amazon Prime in the United Kingdom,[43] and the first season on CraveTV in Canada.[44]
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
1 Monday 9:00 pm 13 January 25, 2016 (2016-01-25) 7.16[45] April 25, 2016 (2016-04-25) 3.89[46] 2015–16 62 7.17[47]
2 18 September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19) 4.36[48] May 29, 2017 (2017-05-29) 3.31[49] 2016–17 85 5.13[50]
3 Monday 8:00 pm 24[9] October 2, 2017 (2017-10-02) 3.92[51] TBA TBD 2017–18 TBD TBD
Critical reception[edit]
The pilot episode was screened in July at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con. The pilot was met positively by the viewers, with Bleeding Cool's Dan Wickline praising the episode, saying "the show itself is enjoyable because of the great dialogue and flawless delivery from its lead" and "This version of Lucifer refuses to take almost anything seriously and the show is better for it."[52] Max Nicholson of IGN rated the pilot episode a 6.9/10, praising Tom Ellis's performance as Lucifer and the lighthearted tone of the show, but criticizing the show for essentially being another crime procedural show.[53]
The first season received mixed reviews. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gave it a 50% approval rating based on 36 reviews, with an average rating of 5.24/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Lucifer's got sex appeal, but the show's hackneyed cop procedural format undermines a potentially entertaining premise."[54] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 49 out of 100, based 22 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[55]
Critics were much more appreciative of the second and third seasons. Both hold a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on five reviews, with an average score of 7.75 out of 10[56] and 9.33 out of 10,[57] respectively. Several critics praised the second season for its atmosphere and Tom Ellis' performance as Lucifer Morningstar. Ed Power of the Telegraph gave the season 2 premiere a 4/5 stating that "It is entirely beguiled by its own preposterousness."[58] Bernard Boo of We Got This Covered gave the premiere 3.5/5 stars saying "Lucifer's second season gets off to a nice start, building on the show's strengths while retaining some of the weaknesses. It remains an unapologetically sordid, demonically fun hour of TV."[59] LaToya Ferguson of the A.V. Club gave it a B, calling the episode funny with "genuinely funny moments to come from" and saying that the premiere "starts the season off on a good note." She praised Tom Ellis' performance calling it "pitch perfect."[60]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Awards show
Nominee(s)
Categories
Result(s)
Source(s)
2016 Teen Choice Awards Tom Ellis Choice TV: Breakout Star Nominated [61]
Lucifer Choice TV: Breakout Show Nominated
2017 People's Choice Awards Favorite TV Crime Drama Nominated [62]
2017 Saturn Awards Best Fantasy Television Series Nominated [63]
Dragon Awards Best Science Fiction or Fantasy Series Nominated [64]
Censorship campaign[edit]
On May 28, 2015, the American Family Association (AFA) website One Million Moms launched a petition to prevent the show's airing.[65] The petition says the new series "will glorify Satan as a caring, likable person in human flesh."[66] It posted the petition on that date and 31,312 had signed the petition by the series' premiere date.[67] The petition on the main AFA website, posted the same date, garnered 134,331 signatures by the premiere date.[68][69] In response to the petition, character creator Neil Gaiman commented on his Tumblr page: "Ah. It seems like only yesterday (but it was 1991) that the "Concerned Mothers of America" announced that they were boycotting The Sandman because it contained lesbian, gay, bi-sexual and trans characters. It was Wanda that upset them most: the idea of a trans-woman in a comic book... They told us they were organizing a boycott of The Sandman, which they would only stop if we wrote to the American Family Association and promised to reform. I wonder if they noticed it didn't work last time, either..."[70] Regardless of the campaign, Fox renewed the series in April 2016 for a second season.[71]
See also[edit]
Television in the United States portal
2010s portal
References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Lucifer (TV series)
Official website
Lucifer on IMDb
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St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)
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St. Croix River
River
The St. Croix River, looking downstream toward Stillwater, Minnesota
Country
United States
States
Wisconsin, Minnesota
Tributaries
- left Sunrise River, Snake River, Kettle River
- right Apple River, Yellow River, Namekagon River, Eau Claire River (St. Croix River), Kinnickinnic River
Cities
St. Croix Falls, WI, Taylors Falls, MN, Osceola, WI, Stillwater, MN, Hudson, WI, Prescott, WI, Somerset, WI, River Falls, WI
Source
Upper St. Croix Lake
- location near Solon Springs, Wisconsin, Douglas County, WI
- coordinates 46°23′19″N 91°45′34″W / 46.38861°N 91.75944°W / 46.38861; -91.75944
Mouth
Mississippi River
- location Prescott, WI, Pierce County, Washington, Dakota, MN, WI
- coordinates 44°44′45″N 92°48′10″W / 44.74583°N 92.80278°W / 44.74583; -92.80278Coordinates: 44°44′45″N 92°48′10″W / 44.74583°N 92.80278°W / 44.74583; -92.80278
Length
169 mi (272 km)
Map of the St. Croix watershed.
National Wild and Scenic River
Type
Scenic, Recreational
Designated
October 2, 1968
Part of
Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway
The St. Croix River (French: Holy Cross) is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 169 miles (272 km) long,[1] in the U.S. states of Wisconsin and Minnesota. The lower 125 miles (201 km) of the river form the border between Wisconsin and Minnesota. The river is a National Scenic Riverway under the protection of the National Park Service. A hydroelectric plant at St. Croix Falls supplies power to the Minneapolis–St. Paul metropolitan area.
Contents
1 Geography and hydrography
2 Conservation efforts
3 Naming
4 History
4.1 Fur trade
4.2 Logging
5 Cities and towns
6 Bridge crossings
7 Commerce and recreation
8 Further reading
9 References
10 External links
Geography and hydrography[edit]
The St. Croix River rises in the northwestern corner of Wisconsin, out of Upper St. Croix Lake in Douglas County, near Solon Springs, approximately 20 miles (32 km) south of Lake Superior. It flows south to Gordon, then southwest. It is joined by the Namekagon River in northern Burnett County, where it becomes significantly wider. A few miles downstream the St. Croix meets the boundary between Minnesota and Wisconsin, which it demarcates for another 130 miles (209 km) until its confluence with the Mississippi River.
Aerial photo near Prescott, Wisconsin, where the clearer waters of the St. Croix meet the muddier Mississippi River.
Other major tributaries include the Kettle River, Snake River, and Sunrise River joining from the west, and the Apple River, Willow River, and Kinnickinnic River joining from the east. Just below Stillwater, Minnesota the river widens into Lake St. Croix, and eventually joins the Mississippi River at Prescott, Wisconsin, approximately 20 miles (32 km) southeast of St. Paul, Minnesota.
Conservation efforts[edit]
The St. Croix River was one of the original eight rivers to have significant portions placed under protection by the National Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968. The upper reaches of the river in Wisconsin below the St. Croix Flowage, 15 miles (24 km) downstream from its source, as well as the Namekagon River, are protected as the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway. The free-flowing nature of the river is interrupted only by a hydroelectric dam operated by the Northern States Power Company at St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin.
The lower 27 miles (43 km) below the dam, including both sides of the river along the Minnesota-Wisconsin border, were protected as part of the Lower St. Croix National Scenic Riverway. This area includes the Dalles of the St. Croix River, a scenic gorge located near Interstate Park, south of St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin.
Although the addition of an interstate bridge connected to MN Highway 36 was objected to by residents, nearby communities, conservation groups, and the National Park Service, construction of the bridge was authorized by amending the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968.[2] Light and noise pollution are concerns of those opposed to the bridge, who cites the original act that kept such activity to the south along the Interstate 94 corridor. The St. Croix Crossing bridge was ultimately completed in August 2017.[3]
The St. Croix River Association (SCRA) is a watershed-wide non-profit advocating for conservation throughout the watershed. Founded in 1911 as an all-volunteer citizens group, it has evolved into a staffed, mature nonprofit organization and official "friends group" of the St. Croix National Scenic Riverway. Its mission is to protect, restore and celebrate the St. Croix River and its watershed.[4]
St Croix River, MN
Naming[edit]
St. Croix River Dalles at Interstate State Park, Wisconsin.
Father Louis Hennepin wrote in 1683, from information probably provided by Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut: "There is another River which falls ... into the Meschasipi ... We named it The River of the Grave, or Mausoleum, because the Savages buried there one of their Men ... who was bitten by a Rattlesnake." In the original French, this is translated as "Rivière Tombeaux".[5]
Jean-Baptiste-Louis Franquelin's 1688 map recorded a "Fort St. Croix" on the upper reaches of the river.[6][7] The name "Rivière de Sainte-Croix" was applied to the river sometime in 1688 or 1689,[5]:28 and this more auspicious name supplanted Father Hennepin's earlier designation.
On Carte de la Louisiane et du Cours du Mississipi (1718) by Guillaume Delisle and on A Map of North America (1768) by John Blair, the St. Croix River—more specifically what was then known as the east branch of the St. Croix River (known today as the Namekagon River)—is shown as the Ouasisacadeba, a French representation of the Dakota name for the St. Croix River. On the 1778 Mitchell Map, the river is simply titled "Ouadeba", which represents the Dakota watpá meaning "river".
The upper portion of river—originally called the north branch of the St. Croix River—was known to the Ojibwa as Manoominikeshiinh-ziibi (Ricing-Rail River).[8][9] Downstream of its confluence with the Namekagon, the Ojibwa renamed the river as Gichi-ziibi (Big River)[9][10] or Okijii-ziibi (Pipestem River)[11]
At the time of European settlement of the valley, Dakota and Ojibwe were engaged in a long and deadly war with each other. Consequently, the portion of the river below the confluence with Trade River is called Jiibayaatig-ziibi (Grave-marker River) in the Ojibwe language,[9] reinforcing the earlier "Rivière Tombeaux" name in their language.
On Map of the Territories of Michigan and Ouisconsin (1830) by John Farmer, the St. Croix River is shown as the "Chippewa River". However, by 1843, Joseph Nicollet's Hydrographical Basin of the Upper Mississippi River reinforced the name provided by Franquelin's 1688 map.
History[edit]
The river is the result of geologic forces going back 1.1 billion years. At that time, the Mid-Continent Rift rendered the middle of North America apart, creating a volcanic zone. The lava spewed forth cooled into hard basalt. That basalt is what today creates the dramatic cliffs around the Interstate State Parks. About 500 million years ago, a shallow sea covered the area, laying down layers of sand and minerals that make up much of the sandstone bluffs now seen along the river. In the last 20,000 years, glaciers have scraped the landscape and released torrents of meltwater, which carved the St. Croix River's course.
The river has been home to people for thousands of years. A bison kill site in May Township, Washington County, Minnesota is believed to be about 4,000 years old.[citation needed] An Oneota village from about 1200 A.D. has been studied by archaeologists.
At the time of European arrival in the region, the river valley and the surrounding area was occupied by the semi-nomadic Ojibwe, Dakota and nine other American Indian tribes. The Indians lived mainly on wild rice, fish, and game. By the 18th century, the Ojibwe and Dakota were the two primary tribes that inhabited the area, until around 1745, when the Dakota have driven out from the St. Croix Valley as a result of the Battle of Kathio.[5]
Fur trade[edit]
The first Europeans to arrive in the area were Sieur du Lhut and his men in the fall and winter of 1679-1680. For the next eighty years the area was primarily under French influence, and the fur trade grew throughout the first half of the 18th century, with beaver pelts as the prize trade good. French trade in the upper valley was dominated by the Ojibwe and tied to Lake Superior traders, whereas in the lower valley the Dakota assisted in trading with merchants based out of St. Louis downstream.[12] After the end of the French and Indian War in 1763, British traders entered the area, and grew in numbers and influence with the help of the powerful North West Company.[5]:32–35
Logging[edit]
The 1837 Treaty of St. Peters with the Ojibwe was signed at St. Peters (now Mendota) which ceded to the United States government a vast tract of land in what today is north central Wisconsin and central Minnesota, roughly bounded by the Prairie du Chien Line in the south, Mississippi River in the west, St. Croix and Chippewa River watersheds in the north, and a 25-mile parallel east of the Wisconsin River in the east. This opened the region to logging. The river was important to the transportation of lumber downstream, from the areas where it was being cut to the sawmills that processed it. During the 1840s, important sawmills were located at St. Croix Falls and Marine on St. Croix, but as the 1850s progressed Stillwater became the primary lumber destination. During this time the population of Stillwater boomed, several additional sawmills were opened, and the town saw an influx of capital, primarily from lumber companies based downriver in St. Louis, Missouri. In 1856 construction began on a booming site two miles north of Stillwater, which was used to store and sort the lumber floating downstream and remained in operation for over fifty years.[5]:102 The St. Croix Boom Site is now a wayside rest and National Historic Landmark along Minnesota State Highway 95.
The vast white pine forests in the upper valley provided the forest products that built the towns along Lake St. Croix, Minneapolis and St. Paul; the St. Croix along with the forest reserves in the river valleys of the nearby Red Cedar, Chippewa, and Rum provided supplies for the building of Winona, Minnesota, Davenport, Iowa, Rock Island, Illinois, and St. Louis.[12]
The lumber industry continued to grow throughout the latter half of the 19th century, with progressively larger spring drives and consequent dangers to navigation on the river above Stillwater. Logs were frequently caught in log jams at the narrow Dalles of the St. Croix River, and in 1883 the blockade was so severe it took almost two months before the flow of logs was re-established.[5]:76 At its peak in 1890, logging in the St. Croix River valley produced 450,000,000 board feet (1,100,000 m3) of lumber and logs.[12] The lumber industry continued until the last major log drive in 1912 marked the end of the rich white pine forests of the area.
It was along the banks of the St. Croix, in the milltown of Stillwater, that the state of Minnesota was first proposed in 1848.
Cities and towns[edit]
Afton, Minnesota
Bayport, Minnesota
Danbury, Wisconsin
Gordon, Wisconsin
Hudson, Wisconsin
Lake St. Croix Beach, Minnesota
Lakeland, Minnesota
Lakeland Shores, Minnesota
Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota
North Hudson, Wisconsin
Oak Park Heights, Minnesota
Osceola, Wisconsin
Pine City, Minnesota
Point Douglas, Minnesota
Prescott, Wisconsin
St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin
St. Marys Point, Minnesota
Scandia, Minnesota
Solon Springs, Wisconsin
Stillwater, Minnesota
Taylors Falls, Minnesota
Bridge crossings[edit]
Train crossing the Soo Line High Bridge
A crossing of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad at the mouth of the St. Croix in 1891
Significant bridge crossings of the St. Croix River are listed below, ordered from source to mouth.[13][14]
Scott Bridge in Douglas County, Wisconsin.
County Road T bridge in Douglas County, Wisconsin.
C.C.C. Bridge in Burnett County, Wisconsin.
Wisconsin State Highway 35 bridge near Danbury, Wisconsin.
Minnesota State Highway 48 to Wisconsin State Highway 77 bridge near Danbury, Wisconsin.
Minnesota State Highway 70 to Wisconsin State Highway 70 bridge near Grantsburg, Wisconsin.
U.S. Highway 8 bridge between Taylors Falls, Minnesota and St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin.
Minnesota State Highway 243 bridge at Osceola, Wisconsin.
Soo Line High Bridge north of Stillwater, Minnesota. This private, rail-only bridge is 2,682 feet (817 m) long and 184 feet (56 m) above the river. It roughly marks the northern limit of zebra mussel infestation in the St. Croix.[15]
The Stillwater lift bridge, built 1931, between Stillwater, Minnesota and Houlton, Wisconsin.
St. Croix Crossing bridge near Stillwater, Minnesota and Houlton, Wisconsin.
Union Pacific Railroad swing bridge at Hudson, Wisconsin
Interstate 94 bridge at Hudson, Wisconsin.
U.S. Highway 10 drawbridge at Prescott, Wisconsin.
BNSF Railway lift bridge at Prescott, Wisconsin.
Commerce and recreation[edit]
William O' Brien State Park
The St. Croix is a popular recreational river. Common uses include boating, fishing, camping and canoeing. Highways along both sides of the river offer scenic drives punctuated by small towns offering restaurants, shopping (especially antiques, books and gifts), bed and breakfasts, historical tours and other common tourist activities.
Public lands along the St. Croix River include:
Governor Knowles State Forest (Wisconsin)
Saint Croix State Forest (Minnesota)
Saint Croix State Park (Minnesota)
Chengwatana State Forest (Minnesota)
Wild River State Park (Minnesota)
Interstate Park (Minnesota and Wisconsin)
William O'Brien State Park (Minnesota)
Afton State Park (Minnesota)
St. Croix Boom Site (Minnesota)
The St. Croix River is mentioned in the band Rocket Club's song "North Country" as a symbol for the singer's desire to "head up North."
Further reading[edit]
Dunn, James Taylor. The St. Croix: Midwest Border River. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965, 309 pp. ISBN 978-0-873-51141-4
McMahon, Eileen M., and Theodore J. Karamanski. North Woods River: The St. Croix River in Upper Midwest History. (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2009. xii, 338 pp. ISBN 978-0-299-23424-9
References[edit]
Jump up ^ U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. The National Map, accessed October 5, 2012
Jump up ^ "Obama gives his approval to bridge across St. Croix River". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
Jump up ^ "Thousands celebrate as new St. Croix River bridge opens, Lift Bridge closes". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2018-03-15.
Jump up ^ http://www.stcroixriverassociation.org
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Dunn, James Taylor (1979). The St. Croix: Midwest Border River. Minnesota Historical Society Press. p. 28. ISBN 0-87351-141-7.
Jump up ^ Holland, Robert A. Chicago in Maps: 1612-2002
Jump up ^ Franquelin, Jean-Baptiste Service historique de la Marine, Vincennes, France
Jump up ^ Verwyst, Chrysostom Adrian. "Reminiscences of a Pioneer Missionary" in Proceedings of the Society at its Sixty-fourth Annual Meeting (Madision, WI: Wisconsin Historical Society, 1916). p. 174
^ Jump up to: a b c Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission. Gidakiiminaan = Our Earth. (Odanah, WI: Great Lakes Indian Fish & Wildlife Commission, 2007) ISBN 978-0-9665820-4-8
Jump up ^ Treuer, Anton. Living our language: Ojibwe tales & oral histories (St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2001) ISBN 0-87351-404-1
Jump up ^ Armstrong, Benjamin G., and Thomas P. Wentworth. Early life among the Indians : reminiscences from the life of Benj. G. Armstrong. Treaties of 1835, 1837, 1842 and 1854. Habits and customs of the red men of the forest. Incidents, biographical sketches, battles, &c. (Ashland, WI. : Press of A.W. Bowron, 1892) p.254.
^ Jump up to: a b c McMahon, Eileen M.; Theodore J. Karamanski (2002). Time and the River: A History of the Saint Croix. Omaha, Nebraska: National Park Service, Midwest Regional Office. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
Jump up ^ County Maps (Map). Minnesota Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
Jump up ^ Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway: Brochures, Section Maps (Map). National Park Service. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
Jump up ^ "Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway: Boating Checklist". National Park Service. 2010-08-30. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to St. Croix River (Wisconsin-Minnesota).
Saint Croix National Scenic River (National Park Service)
Detailed River Maps (National Park Service)
St. Croix River Association
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Croix_River_(Wisconsin–Minnesota)&oldid=864179934"
Categories:
Rivers of Minnesota
Rivers of Wisconsin
Tributaries of the Mississippi River
Wild and Scenic Rivers of the United States
Borders of Wisconsin
Borders of Minnesota
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Rivers of Burnett County, Wisconsin
Rivers of Polk County, Wisconsin
Rivers of Chisago County, Minnesota
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Rivers of St. Croix County, Wisconsin
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