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Epistle to the Philippians
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The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians, often referred to simply as Philippians, is the eleventh book in the New Testament. Paul and Timothy first visited Philippi in Greece during Paul's second missionary journey, which occurred between approximately 49 and 51 AD. Philippi was the location of the first Christian community established in Europe.
Biblical scholars are in general agreement that the letter was indeed written by Paul of Tarsus. The estimated date of the letter is 62 AD, about 10 years after Paul's first visit to Philippi.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Historical background
2 Authorship
3 Outline
4 Composition
5 Christology
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Historical background[edit]
The historical background of Philippians is traditionally gathered from two main primary New Testament sources: informative internal data from the letter itself, and related information garnered from the rest of the New Testament Canon, especially from the Acts of the Apostles and the other Pauline Epistles.[2] Other primary information is also derived from external historical sources related to the chronological connections between Paul's association with Philippi, its political and economical setting, and its social and religio-philosophical context.[3]
According to the document itself, the Philippians had sent Epaphroditus, their envoy ("messenger [apostolon] and minister [leitourgon]" Phil 2:25), with contributions as an expression of their "partnership" and "concern" to meet the needs of Paul (Phil 1:3–5, Phil 2:30, and Phil 4:10–19).
During the execution of his responsibilities of travel to deliver their "gift" (Phil 4:17), Epaphroditus contracted some life-threatening debilitating illness (esthenese, cf. Phil 2:26–27). At some point he recovers. It is at this time, whether premeditated or due to an extended stay with the apostle, various internal matters are revealed to Paul on the part of Epaphroditus (Phil 1:27–30, Phil 2:19–24, Phil 3:2–3, Phil 3:17–20, Phil 4:2–3, and Phil 4:9).
Upon Epaphroditus' return to health, Paul sends word to the Philippians through Epaphroditus of his upcoming sentence in Rome and of his optimism in the face of death (1:18b–26), along with exhortations to imitate his capacity to rejoice in the Lord despite one's circumstances (2:14–18). Moreover, Paul sends counsel regarding spiritual adversaries among the Philippians (3:1–21), and conflicts within their fellowship (4:2–3). Lastly, he provides receipt of both Epaphroditus' heroism (2:25–30) and the arrival of "the gift" (4:10), along with his promise of a divine accounting (4:17–20).
Within the letter is also found an optimism where Paul's belief of his release is the basis upon which he promises to send Timothy to them for ministry (3:19–23), and an anticipation to also pay them a personal visit (2:24). With this communication Epaphroditus sets out on his homeward journey (2:28–29).
There has been ongoing debate regarding where Paul was when he wrote this letter (and therefore the date of the letter's composition). Internal evidence in the letter itself points clearly to it being composed while Paul was in custody (Philippians 1:7,13), but which period of imprisonment is highly debated[citation needed]. Some suggest the Roman imprisonment at the end of the Book of Acts (chapter 28:30,31). Others suggest the earlier Caesarean imprisonment (Acts 23–26). Still others suggest an earlier imprisonment again, and postulate an Ephesian imprisonment during Paul's lengthy stay in that city (Acts 19). Until recently no one seems to have advocated the second period of Roman imprisonment (after the end of the book of Acts, but attested to in the writings of early church fathers).[4] Jim Reiher considered and speculated on this theory in a 2012 article.[5] The main reasons suggested for a later date, include:
The letter's highly developed Ecclesiology
An impending sense of death permeating the letter
The absence of any mention of Luke in a letter to Luke’s home church (when the narrative in Acts clearly suggests that Luke was with Paul in his first Roman imprisonment)
A harsher imprisonment than the open house arrest of his first Roman imprisonment
A similar unique expression that is shared only with 2 Timothy[citation needed]
A similar disappointment with co-workers shared only with 2 Timothy.
This second Roman imprisonment theory is still to be rigorously debated in the wider theological community.
Authorship[edit]
The letter begins in standard form for an ancient Hellenistic letter structure, with author – or senders – first, then recipients with a greeting (Phil. 1.1–2).[6]
The address and the greeting is clear:
"Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus. To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the overseers and deacons. Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (English Standard Version)
Outline[edit]
I. Preface (1:1–11)[7]
A. Salutation (1:1–2)
B. Thanksgiving for the Philippians’ Participation in the Gospel (1:3–8)
C. Prayer for the Philippians’ Discerning Love to Increase until the Day of Christ (1:9–11)
II. Paul’s Present Circumstances (1:12–26)
A. Paul’s Imprisonment (1:12–13)
B. The Brothers’ Response (1:14–17)
C. Paul’s Attitude (1:18–26)
III. Practical Instructions in Sanctification (1:27–2:30)
A. Living Boldly as Citizens of Heaven (1:27–1:30)
B. Living Humbly as Servants of Christ (2:1–11)
1. The Motivation to Live Humbly (2:1–4)
2. The Model of Living Humbly (2:5–11)
a. Christ’s Emptying (2:5–8)
b. Christ’s Exaltation (2:9–11)
C. Living Obediently as Children of God (2:12–18)
1. The Energizing of God (2:12–13)
2. The Effect on the Saints (2:14–18)
D. Examples of Humble Servants (2:19–30)
1. The Example of Timothy (2:19–24)
2. The Example of Epaphroditus (2:25–30)
IV. Polemical Doctrinal Issues (3:1–4:1)
A. The Judaizers Basis: The Flesh (3:1–6)
B. Paul’s Goal: The Resurrection (3:7–11)
C. Perfection and Humility (3:12–16)
D. Paul as an Example of Conduct and Watchfulness (3:17–4:1)
V. Postlude (4:2–23)
A. Exhortations (4:2–9)
1. Being United (4:2–3)
2. Rejoicing without Anxiety (4:4–7)
3. Thinking and Acting Purely (4:8–9)
B. A Note of Thanks (4:10–20)
1. Paul’s Contentment (4:10–13)
2. The Philippians’ Gift (4:14–18)
3. God’s Provision (4:19–20)
C. Final Greetings (4:21–23)
Composition[edit]
Philippians 2:5–11:[8]
Have this attitude in yourselves which was also in Christ Jesus, who, although He existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men. Being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross. For this reason also, God highly exalted Him, and bestowed on Him the name which is above every name, so that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow, of those who are in heaven and on earth and under the earth, and that every tongue will confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
The letter was written to the church at Philippi, one of the earliest churches to be founded in Europe. They were very attached to Paul, just as he was very fond of them. Of all the churches, their contributions (which Paul gratefully acknowledges) are among the only ones he accepts. (Acts 20:33–35; 2 Cor. 11:7–12; 2 Thess. 3:8). The generosity of the Philippians comes out very conspicuously (Phil. 4:15). "This was a characteristic of the Macedonian missions, as 2 Cor. 8 and 9 amply and beautifully prove. It is remarkable that the Macedonian converts were, as a class, very poor (2 Cor. 8:2), though the very first converts were of all classes (Acts 16); and the parallel facts, their poverty and their open-handed support of the great missionary and his work, are deeply harmonious." (Moule).
As with all epistles, the original was composed in Greek.[9]
Christology[edit]
Philippians has been the subject of much research and Ralph P. Martin argues that Philippians 2 may be considered the beginning of the field of Christology, specifically referring to the rich analysis that Apostle Paul began in Philippians 2:5–6.[10] Veronica Koperski views Philippians 3:10 as the beginning of the analysis of the knowledge of Christ.[11]
While Paul's opening prayer is for love (1:9), based on knowledge of Christ, his final prayer is for the peace of God (4:7), which surpasses all understanding. Thus the concepts of love, knowledge and peace are jointly developed in the Epistle.[12]
See also[edit]
Textual variants in the Epistle to the Philippians
Cupio dissolvi
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Harris, Stephen L., Understanding the Bible. Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985.
Jump up ^ Frederick F. Bruce, 1989, Philippians, NIBC, NT Series, edited by W. Ward Gasque (Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson), 4.
Jump up ^ Wayne Jackson, 1987, The Book of Philippians: A Grammatical and Practical Study (Abilene, Tex.: Quality Publications), 13–17.
Jump up ^ Clement of Rome (late 1st century) makes a reference to the ministry of Paul after the end of Acts. Clement, To the Corinthians, 5. In J. B. Lightfoot (ed), The Apostolic Fathers (Michigan: Baker Book House, 1978) 15. The author of the Muratorian Canon (late 2nd century) says that Luke recorded mostly that which he himself witnessed and therefore that is why he did not include ‘the journey of Paul, when he went from the city – Rome – to Spain.’ The Muratoriun Canon. 2. The apocryphal Acts of Peter makes reference to the tradition that Paul reached Spain. Paul is described in prison in Rome, receiving a vision from God that he would go to Spain. Acts of Peter, Verscelli Acts 1 and 3. Eusebius (early 300’s) recorded that Paul did more ministry after his first jail time in Rome. Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, II, 22, 1–8, in Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (editors), A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church 2nd series. Vol.1. Eusebius: Church History, Life of Constantine the Great, and Oration in Praise of Constantine (Edinburgh: Eerdmans, 1997) 124–125.
Jump up ^ Jim Reiher, “Could Philippians have been written from the Second Roman Imprisonment?” Evangelical Quarterly. Vol. LXXXIV. No. 3 July 2012. pp. 213–233. This article summarises the other theories, and offers examples of different scholars who adhere to different theories, but presents a different option for consideration
Jump up ^ Ronald Russell, 1982, "Pauline Letter Structure in Philippians," Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 25.3 (Sept.): 297–298.
Jump up ^ "11. Philippians: Introduction, Argument, and Outline". Bible.org.
Jump up ^ Philippians 2:5–11: Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright © 1960,1962,1963,1968,1971,1972,1973,1975,1977,1995 by The Lockman Foundation. Used by permission.
Jump up ^ Section X. Testimonies to the Canonical Authority of the Fourteen Epistles of Paul. Canon of the Old and New Testaments Ascertained, or The Bible Complete without the Apocrypha and Unwritten Traditions. Alexander, Archibald (1772–1851).
Jump up ^ Where Christology began: essays on Philippians 2 by Ralph P. Martin, Brian J. Dodd 1998 ISBN 0-664-25619-8 pp. 1–3
Jump up ^ The knowledge of Christ Jesus by Veronica Koperski 1996 ISBN 90-390-0132-4 pp. 5–17
Jump up ^ The knowledge of Christ Jesus by Veronica Koperski 1996 ISBN 90-390-0132-4 pp. 291–293
References[edit]
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "article name needed". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
Further reading[edit]
Abrahamsen, Valerie (March 1988). "Christianity and the Rock Reliefs at Philippi". Biblical Archaeologist. 51 (1): 46–56. doi:10.2307/3210038. JSTOR 3210038.
Barclay, William. 1975. The Letters to the Philippians, Colossians, and Thessalonians. Rev. ed. Daily Bible Study Series. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster.
Barnes, Albert. 1949. Ephesians, Philippians, and Colossians. Enlarged type edition. Edited by Robert Frew. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker.
Black, David A. 1995. "The Discourse Structure of Philippians: A Study in Textlinquistics." Novum Testamentum 37.1 (Jan.): 16–49
Blevins, James L. 1980. "Introduction to Philippians." Review and Expositor 77 (Sum.): 311–325.
Brooks, James A. 1980. “Introduction to Philippians.” Southwestern Journal of Theology 23.1 (Fall): 7–54.
Bruce, Frederick F. 1989. Philippians. New International Biblical Commentary. New Testament Series. Edited by W. Ward Gasque. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2002.
Burton, Ernest De Witt. 1896. “The Epistles of the Imprisonment.” Biblical World 7.1: 46–56.
Elkins, Garland. 1976. “The Living Message of Philippians.” pp. 171–180 in The Living Messages of the Books of the New Testament. Edited by Garland Elkins and Thomas B. Warren. Jonesboro, Ark.: National Christian.
Garland, David E. 1985. “The Composition and Unity of Philippians: Some Neglected Literary Factors.” Novum Testamentum 27.2 (April): 141–173.
Hagelberg, Dave. 2007. Philippians: An Ancient Thank You Letter – A Study of Paul and His Ministry Partners’ Relationship. English ed. Metro Manila: Philippine Challenge.
Hawthorne, Gerald F. 1983. Philippians. Word Biblical Commentary 43. Edited by Bruce Metzger. Nashville, Tenn.: Nelson.
Herrick, Greg. “Introduction, Background, and Outline to Philippians.” Bible.org.
Jackson, Wayne. 1987. The Book of Philippians: A Grammatical and Practical Study. Abilene, Tex.: Quality.
Kennedy, H. A. A. 1900. “The Epistle to the Philippians.” Expositor’s Greek Testament. Vol. 3. Edited by W. Robertson Nicoll. New York, NY: Doran.
Lenski, Richard C. H. 1937. The Interpretation of St. Paul’s Epistles to the Galatians, to the Ephesians, and to the Philippians. Repr. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 2001.
Lipscomb, David and J.W. Shepherd. 1968. Ephesians, Philippians, and Colossians. Rev. ed. Edited by J.W. Shepherd. Gospel Advocated Commentary. Nashville, Tenn.: Gospel Advocate.
Llewelyn, Stephen R. 1995. “Sending Letters in the Ancient World: Paul and the Philippians.” Tyndale Bulletin 46.2: 337–356.
Mackay, B. S. 1961. “Further Thoughts on Philippians.” New Testament Studies 7.2 (Jan.): 161–170.
Martin, Ralph P. 1959. The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians. Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. Ed. By R.V.G. Tasker. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1977.
Martin, Ralph P. 1976. Philippians. New Century Bible Commentary. New Testament. Edited by Matthew Black. Repr. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans.
McAlister, Bryan. 2011. “Introduction to Philippians: Mindful of How We Fill Our Minds.” Gospel Advocate 153.9 (Sept.): 12–13
Mule, D. S. M. (1981). The Letter to the Philippians. Cook Book House.
Müller, Jacobus J. 1955. The Epistle of Paul to the Philippians. New International Commentary on the New Testament. Ed. By Frederick F. Bruce. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 1991.
Pelaez, I. N. (1970). A Epistle on the Philippians. Angel & Water;reprint, Angels new books, ed. Michael Angelo. (1987). Peabody, MA: Hendrickson.
Dictionary of Paul and His Letters, s.v. "Philippians, Letter to the"
Reicke, Bo. 1970. “Caesarea, Rome, and the Captivity Epistles.” pp. 277–286 in Apostolic History and the Gospel: Biblical and Historical Essays Presented to F. F. Bruce. Edited by W. Ward Gasque and Ralph P. Martin. Exeter: Paternoster Press.
Roper, David. 2003. “Philippians: Rejoicing in Christ.” BibleCourses.com. Accessed: 3 Sept. 2011.
Russell, Ronald. 1982. "Pauline Letter Structure in Philippians." Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 25.3 (Sept.): 295–306.
Sanders, Ed. 1987. “Philippians.” pp. 331–339 in New Testament Survey. Edited by Don Shackelford. Searcy, Ark.: Harding University.
Sergio Rosell Nebreda, Christ Identity: A Social-Scientific Reading of Philippians 2.5–11 (Göttingen, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2011) (Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments, 240).
Swift, Robert C. 1984. "The Theme and Structure of Philippians." Bibliotheca Sacra 141 (July): 234–254.
Synge, F.C. 1951. Philippians and Colossians. Torch Bible Commentaries. Edited by John Marsh, David M. Paton, and Alan Richardson. London: SCM, 1958.
Thielman, Frank. 1995. Philippians. NIV Application Commentary. General Editor. Terry Muck. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan.
Vincent, Marvin R. 1897. The Epistle to the Philippians and to Philemon. International Critical Commentary. Ed. By Samuel R. Driver, Alfred Plummer, Charles A. Briggs. Edinburgh: Clark, 1902.
Vincent, Marvin R. Vincent’s Word Studies in the New Testament. 4 vols. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, n.d.
Wallace, Daniel B. “Philippians: Introductions, Argument, and Outline.” Bible.org.
Walvoord, John F. 1971. Philippians: Triumph in Christ. Everyman’s Bible Commentary. Chicago, Ill.: Moody.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Epistle to the Philippians
Online translations of the Epistle to the Philippians:
Online Bible at GospelHall.org
Bible: Philippians public domain audiobook at LibriVox Various versions
Online Study of Philippians:
Letter to the Philippians Online Reading Room: Commentaries and other resources (Tyndale Seminary)
Letter to the Philippians Online Reading Room: Commentaries and other resources (BiblicalStudies.org.uk)
Letter to the Philippians Online Reading Room: Commentaries and other resources (NTGateway.com)
Letter to the Philippians Online Reading Room: Commentaries and other resources (TextWeek.com)
Related articles:
Bible.org introduction to Philippians
Sermons on Philippians
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Epistle to the Philippians". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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text:
List of Big Ten Conference football champions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of yearly Big Ten Conference football champions. Co-champions are listed in alphabetical order.
Contents
[hide]
1 Champions by year
2 Championships by team
3 Championships by head coach
4 References
5 External links
Champions by year[edit]
Record
Ranking
Year
Champions
Conference
Overall
AP
Coaches'
Bowl result
Head coach
1896
Wisconsin 2–0–1 7–1–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Philip King
1897
Wisconsin 3–0 9–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Philip King
1898
Michigan 3–0 10–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Gustave Ferbert
1899
Chicago 4–0 16–0–2 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Amos Alonzo Stagg
1900
Iowa 2–0–1 7–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Alden Knipe
Minnesota 3–0–1 10–0–2 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Henry L. Williams
1901
Michigan* 4–0 11–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 W Rose Bowl 49–0 vs. Stanford Fielding H. Yost
Wisconsin 2–0 9–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Philip King
1902
Michigan* 5–0 11–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Fielding H. Yost
1903
Michigan* 3–0–1 11–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Fielding H. Yost
Minnesota 3–0–1 14–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Henry L. Williams
Northwestern 1–0–2 10–1–3 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Walter McCornack
1904
Michigan* 2–0 10–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Fielding H. Yost
Minnesota* 3–0 13–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Henry L. Williams
1905
Chicago* 7–0 11–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Amos Alonzo Stagg
1906
Michigan 1–0 4–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Fielding H. Yost
Minnesota 2–0 4–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Henry L. Williams
Wisconsin 3–0 5–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Charles P. Hutchins
1907
Chicago 4–0 4–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Amos Alonzo Stagg
1908
Chicago 5–0 5–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Amos Alonzo Stagg
1909
Minnesota 3–0 6–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Henry L. Williams
1910
Illinois 4–0 7–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Arthur Hall
Minnesota 2–0 6–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Henry L. Williams
1911
Minnesota 3–0–1 6–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Henry L. Williams
1912
Wisconsin 5–0 7–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – William Juneau
1913
Chicago 7–0 7–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Amos Alonzo Stagg
1914
Illinois* 6–0 7–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Robert Zuppke
1915
Illinois 3–0–2 5–0–2 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Robert Zuppke
Minnesota 3–0–1 6–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Henry L. Williams
1916
Ohio State 4–0 7–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – John Wilce
1917
Ohio State 4–0 8–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – John Wilce
1918
Illinois 4–0 5–2 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Robert Zuppke
Michigan 2–0 5–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Fielding H. Yost
Purdue 1–0 3–3 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – A. G. Scanlon
1919
Illinois* 6–1 6–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Robert Zuppke
1920
Ohio State 5–0 7–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 L Rose Bowl 0–28 vs. California John Wilce
1921
Iowa 5–0 7–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Howard Jones
1922
Chicago 4–0–1 5–1–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Amos Alonzo Stagg
Iowa 5–0 7–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Howard Jones
Michigan 4–0 6–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Fielding H. Yost
1923
Illinois* 5–0 8–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Robert Zuppke
Michigan* 4–0 8–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Fielding H. Yost
1924
Chicago 3–0–3 4–1–3 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Amos Alonzo Stagg
1925
Michigan 5–1 7–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Fielding H. Yost
1926
Michigan 5–0 7–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Fielding H. Yost
Northwestern 5–0 7–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Glenn Thistlethwaite
1927
Illinois* 5–0 7–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Robert Zuppke
Minnesota 3–0–1 6–0–2 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Clarence Spears
1928
Illinois 4–1 7–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Robert Zuppke
1929
Purdue 5–0 8–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – James Phelan
1930
Michigan 5–0 8–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Harry Kipke
Northwestern 5–0 7–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Dick Hanley
1931
Michigan 5–1 8–1–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Harry Kipke
Northwestern 5–1 7–1–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Dick Hanley
Purdue 5–1 9–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Noble Kizer
1932
Michigan* 6–0 8–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Harry Kipke
Purdue 5–0–1 7–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Noble Kizer
1933
Michigan* 5–0–1 7–0–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Harry Kipke
Minnesota 2–0–4 4–0–4 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Bernie Bierman
1934
Minnesota* 5–0 8–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Bernie Bierman
1935
Minnesota* 5–0 8–0 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Bernie Bierman
Ohio State 5–0 7–1 Started in 1936 Started in 1950 – Francis Schmidt
1936
Northwestern 6–0 7–1 #7 Started in 1950 – Pappy Waldorf
1937
Minnesota 5–0 6–2 #5 Started in 1950 – Bernie Bierman
1938
Minnesota 4–1 6–2 #10 Started in 1950 – Bernie Bierman
1939
Ohio State 5–1 6–2 #15 Started in 1950 – Francis Schmidt
1940
Minnesota* 6–0 8–0 #1 Started in 1950 – Bernie Bierman
1941
Minnesota* 5–0 8–0 #1 Started in 1950 – Bernie Bierman
1942
Ohio State* 5–1 9–1 #1 Started in 1950 – Paul Brown
1943
Michigan 6–0 8–1 #3 Started in 1950 – Fritz Crisler
Purdue 6–0 9–0 #5 Started in 1950 – Elmer Burnham
1944
Ohio State 6–0 9–0 #2 Started in 1950 – Carroll Widdoes
1945
Indiana 5–0–1 9–0–1 #4 Started in 1950 – Bo McMillin
1946
Illinois 6–1 8–2 #5 Started in 1950 W Rose Bowl 45–14 vs. UCLA Ray Eliot
1947
Michigan* 6–0 10–0 #2 Started in 1950 W Rose Bowl 49–0 vs. USC Fritz Crisler
1948
Michigan* 5–0 9–0 #1 Started in 1950 – Bennie Oosterbaan
1949
Michigan 4–1–1 6–2–1 #7 Started in 1950 – Bennie Oosterbaan
Ohio State 4–1–1 7–1–2 #4 Started in 1950 W Rose Bowl 17-14 vs. California Wes Fesler
1950
Michigan 4–1–1 6–3–1 #9 #6 W Rose Bowl 14–6 vs. California Bennie Oosterbaan
1951
Illinois 5–0–1 9–0–1 #4 #3 W Rose Bowl 40–7 vs. Stanford Ray Eliot
1952
Purdue 4–1–1 4–3–2 #18 #12 – Stu Holcomb
Wisconsin 4–1–1 6–3–1 #11 #10 L Rose Bowl 7–0 vs. USC Ivy Williamson
1953
Illinois 5–1 7–1–1 #7 #7 – Ray Eliot
Michigan State 5–1 9–1 #3 #3 W Rose Bowl 28–20 vs. UCLA Clarence Munn
1954
Ohio State* 7–0 10–0 #1 #2 W Rose Bowl 20–7 vs. USC Woody Hayes
1955
Ohio State 6–0 7–2 #5 #5 – Woody Hayes
1956
Iowa 5–1 9–1 #3 #3 W Rose Bowl 35–19 vs. Oregon State Forest Evashevski
1957
Ohio State* 7–0 9–1 #2 #1 W Rose Bowl 10–7 vs. Oregon Woody Hayes
1958
Iowa* 5–1 8–1–1 #2 #2 W Rose Bowl 38–12 vs. California Forest Evashevski
1959
Wisconsin 5–2 7–3 #6 #6 L Rose Bowl 44–8 vs. Washington Milt Bruhn
1960
Iowa 5–1 8–1 #3 #2 – Forest Evashevski
Minnesota* 6–1 8–2 #1 #1 L Rose Bowl 17–7 vs. Washington Murray Warmath
1961
Ohio State* 6–0 8–0–1 #2 #2 – Woody Hayes
1962
Wisconsin 6–1 8–2 #2 #2 L Rose Bowl 42–37 vs. USC Milt Bruhn
1963
Illinois 5–1–1 8–1–1 #2 #2 W Rose Bowl 17–7 vs. Washington Pete Elliott
1964
Michigan 6–1 9–1 #4 #4 W Rose Bowl 34–7 vs. Oregon State Bump Elliott
1965
Michigan State* 7–0 10–1 #2 #1 L Rose Bowl 14–12 vs. UCLA Duffy Daugherty
1966
Michigan State* 7–0 9–0–1 #2 #2 – Duffy Daugherty
1967
Indiana 6–1 9–2 #4 #6 L Rose Bowl 14–3 vs. USC John Pont
Minnesota 6–1 8–2 – #14 – Murray Warmath
Purdue 6–1 8–2 #9 #9 – Jack Mollenkopf
1968
Ohio State* 7–0 10–0 #1 #1 W Rose Bowl 27–16 vs. USC Woody Hayes
1969
Michigan 6–1 8–3 #9 #8 L Rose Bowl 10–3 vs. USC Bo Schembechler
Ohio State 6–1 8–1 #4 #5 – Woody Hayes
1970
Ohio State* 7–0 9–1 #5 #2 L Rose Bowl 27–17 vs. Stanford Woody Hayes
1971
Michigan 8–0 11–1 #6 #4 L Rose Bowl 13–12 vs. Stanford Bo Schembechler
1972
Michigan 7–1 10–1 #6 #6 – Bo Schembechler
Ohio State 7–1 9–2 #9 #3 L Rose Bowl 42–17 vs. USC Woody Hayes
1973
Michigan 7–0–1 10–0–1 #6 #6 – Bo Schembechler
Ohio State 7–0–1 10–0–1 #2 #3 W Rose Bowl 42–21 vs. USC Woody Hayes
1974
Michigan 7–1 10–1 #3 #5 – Bo Schembechler
Ohio State 7–1 10–2 #4 #3 L Rose Bowl 18–17 vs. USC Woody Hayes
1975
Ohio State 8–0 11–1 #4 #4 L Rose Bowl 23–10 vs. UCLA Woody Hayes
1976
Michigan 7–1 10–2 #3 #3 L Rose Bowl 14–6 vs. USC Bo Schembechler
Ohio State 7–1 9–2–1 #6 #5 W Orange Bowl 27–10 vs. Colorado Woody Hayes
1977
Michigan 7–1 10–2 #9 #8 L Rose Bowl 27–20 vs. Washington Bo Schembechler
Ohio State 7–1 9–3 #11 #12 L Sugar Bowl 35–6 vs. Alabama Woody Hayes
1978
Michigan 7–1 10–2 #5 #5 L Rose Bowl 17–10 vs. USC Bo Schembechler
Michigan State 7–1 8–3 #12 – – Darryl Rogers
1979
Ohio State 8–0 11–1 #4 #4 L Rose Bowl 17–16 vs. USC Earle Bruce
1980
Michigan 8–0 10–2 #4 #4 W Rose Bowl 23–6 vs. Washington Bo Schembechler
1981
Iowa 6–2 8–4 #18 #15 L Rose Bowl 28–0 vs. Washington Hayden Fry
Ohio State 6–2 9–3 #15 #12 W Liberty Bowl 31–28 vs. Navy Earle Bruce
1982
Michigan 8–1 8–4 – #15 L Rose Bowl 24–14 vs. UCLA Bo Schembechler
1983
Illinois 9–0 10–2 #10 #10 L Rose Bowl 45–9 vs. UCLA Mike White
1984
Ohio State 7–2 9–3 #13 #12 L Rose Bowl 20–17 vs. USC Earle Bruce
1985
Iowa 7–1 10–2 #10 #9 L Rose Bowl 45–28 vs. UCLA Hayden Fry
1986
Michigan 7–1 11–2 #8 #7 L Rose Bowl 22–15 vs. Arizona State Bo Schembechler
Ohio State 7–1 10–3 #7 #6 W Cotton Bowl Classic 28–12 vs. Texas A&M Earle Bruce
1987
Michigan State 7–0–1 9–2–1 #8 #8 W Rose Bowl 20–17 vs. USC George Perles
1988
Michigan 7–0–1 9–2–1 #4 #4 W Rose Bowl 22–14 vs. USC Bo Schembechler
1989
Michigan 8–0 10–2 #7 #8 L Rose Bowl 17–10 vs. USC Bo Schembechler
1990
Illinois 6–2 8–4 #25 #24 L Hall of Fame Bowl 30–0 vs. Clemson John Mackovic
Iowa 6–2 8–4 #18 #16 L Rose Bowl 46–34 vs. Washington Hayden Fry
Michigan 6–2 9–3 #7 #8 W Gator Bowl 35–3 vs. Ole Miss Gary Moeller
Michigan State 6–2 8–3–1 #16 #14 W John Hancock Bowl 17–16 vs. USC George Perles
1991
Michigan 8–0 10–2 #6 #6 L Rose Bowl 34–14 vs. Washington Gary Moeller
1992
Michigan 6–0–2 9–0–3 #5 #5 W Rose Bowl 38–31 vs. Washington Gary Moeller
1993
Ohio State 6–1–1 10–1–1 #11 #10 W Holiday Bowl 28–21 vs. BYU John Cooper
Wisconsin 6–1–1 10–1–1 #6 #5 W Rose Bowl 21–16 vs. UCLA Barry Alvarez
1994
Penn State 8–0 12–0 #2 #2 W Rose Bowl 38–20 vs. Oregon Joe Paterno
1995
Northwestern 8–0 10–2 #8 #7 L Rose Bowl 41–32 vs. USC Gary Barnett
1996
Northwestern 7–1 9–3 #15 #16 L Florida Citrus Bowl 48–28 vs. Tennessee Gary Barnett
Ohio State 7–1 11–1 #2 #2 W Rose Bowl 20–17 vs. Arizona State John Cooper
1997
Michigan* 8–0 12–0 #1 #2 W Rose Bowl 21–16 vs. Washington State Lloyd Carr
1998
Michigan 7–1 10–3 #12 #12 W Florida Citrus Bowl 45–31 vs. Arkansas Lloyd Carr
Ohio State 7–1 11–1 #2 #2 W Sugar Bowl 24–14 vs. Texas A&M John Cooper
Wisconsin 7–1 11–1 #6 #5 W Rose Bowl 38–31 vs. UCLA Barry Alvarez
1999
Wisconsin 7–1 10–2 #4 #4 W Rose Bowl 17–9 vs. Stanford Barry Alvarez
2000
Michigan 6–2 9–3 #11 #10 W Florida Citrus Bowl 31–28 vs. Auburn Lloyd Carr
Northwestern 6–2 8–4 – – L Alamo Bowl 66–17 vs. Nebraska Randy Walker
Purdue 6–2 8–4 #13 #13 L Rose Bowl 34–24 vs. Washington Joe Tiller
2001
Illinois 7–1 10–2 #12 #12 L Sugar Bowl 47–34 vs. LSU Ron Turner
2002
Iowa 8–0 11–2 #8 #8 L Orange Bowl 38–17 vs. USC Kirk Ferentz
Ohio State* 8–0 14–0 #1 #1 W Fiesta Bowl 31–24 vs. Miami Jim Tressel
2003
Michigan 7–1 10–3 #6 #7 L Rose Bowl 28–14 vs. USC Lloyd Carr
2004
Iowa 7–1 10–2 #8 #8 W Capital One Bowl 30–25 vs. LSU Kirk Ferentz
Michigan 7–1 9–3 #14 #12 L Rose Bowl 38–37 vs. Texas Lloyd Carr
2005
Ohio State 7–1 10–2 #4 #4 W Fiesta Bowl 34–20 vs. Notre Dame Jim Tressel
Penn State 7–1 11–1 #3 #3 W Orange Bowl 26–23 3OT vs. Florida State Joe Paterno
2006
Ohio State 8–0 12–1 #2 #2 L BCS Championship Game 41–14 vs. Florida Jim Tressel
2007
Ohio State 7–1 11–2 #5 #4 L BCS Championship Game 38–24 vs. LSU Jim Tressel
2008
Ohio State 7–1 10–3 #9 #11 L Fiesta Bowl 24–21 vs. Texas Jim Tressel
Penn State 7–1 11–2 #8 #8 L Rose Bowl 24-38 vs. USC Joe Paterno
2009
Ohio State 7–1 11–2 #5 #5 W Rose Bowl 26–17 vs. Oregon Jim Tressel
2010^
Michigan State 7–1 11–2 #14 #14 L Capital One Bowl 49–7 vs. Alabama Mark Dantonio
Wisconsin 7–1 11–2 #7 #8 L Rose Bowl 21–19 vs. TCU Bret Bielema
2011
Wisconsin 6–2 11–3 #10 #11 L Rose Bowl 45–38 vs. Oregon Bret Bielema
2012
Wisconsin 4–4 8–6 – – L Rose Bowl 20–14 vs. Stanford Bret Bielema
2013
Michigan State 8–0 13–1 #3 #3 W Rose Bowl 24–20 vs. Stanford Mark Dantonio
2014
Ohio State* 8–0 14–1 #1 #1 W CFP Semifinal at Sugar Bowl 42–35 vs. Alabama
W College Football Playoff National Championship 42–20 vs. Oregon Urban Meyer
2015
Michigan State 7–1 12–2 #6 #6 L CFP Semifinal at Cotton Bowl 38–0 vs. Alabama Mark Dantonio
2016
Penn State 8–1 11–2 #7 #7 L Rose Bowl 52–49 vs. USC James Franklin
Note: an asterisk (*) denotes a national championship for that season recognized by the College Football Data Warehouse. See: NCAA Division I FBS National Football Championship#College Football Data Warehouse recognized national champions
^ Ohio State vacated all wins from the 2010 season and their share of the championship due to NCAA violations.
Championships by team[edit]
Team
Big Ten
Championships
Years
Michigan
42 1898, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1918, 1922, 1923, 1925, 1926, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1933, 1943, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1964, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2004
Ohio State
35^ 1916, 1917, 1920, 1935, 1939, 1942, 1944, 1949, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1961, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1984, 1986, 1993, 1996, 1998, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2014
Minnesota
18 1900, 1903, 1904, 1906, 1909, 1910, 1911, 1915, 1927, 1933, 1934, 1935, 1937, 1938, 1940, 1941, 1960, 1967
Illinois
15 1910, 1914, 1915, 1918, 1919, 1923, 1927, 1928, 1946, 1951, 1953, 1963, 1983, 1990, 2001
Wisconsin
14 1896, 1897, 1901, 1906, 1912, 1952, 1959, 1962, 1993, 1998, 1999, 2010, 2011, 2012
Iowa
11 1900, 1921, 1922, 1956, 1958, 1960, 1981, 1985, 1990, 2002, 2004
Michigan State
9 1953, 1965, 1966, 1978, 1987, 1990, 2010, 2013, 2015
Northwestern
8 1903, 1926, 1930, 1931, 1936, 1995, 1996, 2000
Purdue
8 1918, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1943, 1952, 1967, 2000
Chicago
7 1899, 1905, 1907, 1908, 1913, 1922, 1924
Penn State
4 1994, 2005, 2008, 2016
Indiana
2 1945, 1967
Nebraska
0
Maryland
0
Rutgers
0
Italics indicate a school no longer competing in the Big Ten.
Bold indicates an outright conference championship.
^ Ohio State vacated all wins from the 2010 season and their share of the title.
Championships by head coach[edit]
Head Coach
School
Big Ten
Championships
Bo Schembechler
Michigan 13
Woody Hayes
Ohio State 13
Fielding H. Yost
Michigan 10
Henry L. Williams
Minnesota 8
Bernie Bierman
Minnesota 7
Amos Alonzo Stagg
Chicago 7
Robert Zuppke
Illinois 7
Jim Tressel
Ohio State 6^
Lloyd Carr
Michigan 5
Earle Bruce
Ohio State 4
Harry Kipke
Michigan 4
Barry Alvarez
Wisconsin 3
Bret Bielema
Wisconsin 3
John Cooper
Ohio State 3
Mark Dantonio*
Michigan State 3
Ray Eliot
Illinois 3
Forest Evashevski
Iowa 3
Hayden Fry
Iowa 3
Philip King
Wisconsin 3
Gary Moeller
Michigan 3
Bennie Oosterbaan
Michigan 3
Joe Paterno
Penn State 3
John Wilce
Ohio State 3
Gary Barnett
Northwestern 2
Milt Bruhn
Wisconsin 2
Fritz Crisler
Michigan 2
Duffy Daugherty
Michigan State 2
Kirk Ferentz*
Iowa 2
Dick Hanley
Northwestern 2
Howard Jones
Iowa 2
Noble Kizer
Purdue 2
George Perles
Michigan State 2
Francis Schmidt
Ohio State 2
Murray Warmath
Minnesota 2
Paul Brown
Ohio State 1
Elmer Burnham
Purdue 1
Bump Elliott
Michigan 1
Pete Elliott
Illinois 1
Gustave Ferbert
Michigan 1
Wes Fesler
Ohio State 1
James Franklin*
Penn State 1
Arthur Hall
Illinois 1
Stu Holcomb
Purdue 1
Charles P. Hutchins
Wisconsin 1
William Juneau
Wisconsin 1
Alden Knipe
Iowa 1
John Mackovic
Illinois 1
Walter McCornack
Northwestern 1
Bo McMillin
Indiana 1
Urban Meyer*
Ohio State 1
Jack Mollenkopf
Purdue 1
Clarence Munn
Michigan State 1
James Phelan
Purdue 1
John Pont
Indiana 1
Darryl Rogers
Michigan State 1
A. G. Scanlon
Purdue 1
Clarence Spears
Minnesota 1
Glenn Thistlethwaite
Northwestern 1
Joe Tiller
Purdue 1
Ron Turner
Illinois 1
Pappy Waldorf
Northwestern 1
Randy Walker
Northwestern 1
Mike White
Illinois 1
Carroll Widdoes
Ohio State 1
Ivy Williamson
Wisconsin 1
^ Ohio State vacated all wins from the 2010 season and their share of the championship
* Active Big Ten coach
College football portal
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Big Ten Conference Champions at College Football Data Warehouse
[show]
v
t
e
Big Ten Conference football champions
Western Conference
Wisconsin (1896)
Wisconsin (1897)
Michigan (1898)
Chicago (1899)
Iowa & Minnesota (1900)
Michigan & Wisconsin (1901)
Michigan (1902)
Michigan, Minnesota, & Northwestern (1903)
Michigan & Minnesota (1904)
Chicago (1905)
Michigan, Minnesota, & Wisconsin (1906)
Chicago (1907)
Chicago (1908)
Minnesota (1909)
Illinois & Minnesota (1910)
Minnesota (1911)
Wisconsin (1912)
Chicago (1913)
Illinois (1914)
Illinois & Minnesota (1915)
Ohio State (1916)
Ohio State (1917)
Big Ten
Illinois, Michigan, & Purdue (1918)
Illinois (1919)
Ohio State (1920)
Iowa (1921)
Chicago, Iowa, & Michigan (1922)
Illinois & Michigan (1923)
Chicago (1924)
Michigan (1925)
Michigan & Northwestern (1926)
Illinois & Minnesota (1927)
Illinois (1928)
Purdue (1929)
Michigan & Northwestern (1930)
Purdue, Michigan & Northwestern (1931)
Michigan & Purdue (1932)
Michigan & Minnesota (1933)
Minnesota (1934)
Minnesota & Ohio State (1935)
Northwestern (1936)
Minnesota (1937)
Minnesota (1938)
Ohio State (1939)
Big Nine
Minnesota (1940)
Minnesota (1941)
Ohio State (1942)
Michigan & Purdue (1943)
Ohio State (1944)
Indiana (1945)
Illinois (1946)
Michigan (1947)
Michigan (1948)
Michigan & Ohio State (1949)
Big Ten
Michigan (1950)
Illinois (1951)
Purdue & Wisconsin (1952)
Illinois & Michigan State (1953)
Ohio State (1954)
Ohio State (1955)
Iowa (1956)
Ohio State (1957)
Iowa (1958)
Wisconsin (1959)
Minnesota & Iowa (1960)
Ohio State (1961)
Wisconsin (1962)
Illinois (1963)
Michigan (1964)
Michigan State (1965)
Michigan State (1966)
Indiana, Minnesota, Purdue (1967)
Ohio State (1968)
Michigan & Ohio State (1969)
Ohio State (1970)
Michigan (1971)
Michigan & Ohio State (1972)
Michigan & Ohio State (1973)
Michigan & Ohio State (1974)
Ohio State (1975)
Michigan & Ohio State (1976)
Michigan & Ohio State (1977)
Michigan & Michigan State (1978)
Ohio State (1979)
Michigan (1980)
Iowa & Ohio State (1981)
Michigan (1982)
Illinois (1983)
Ohio State (1984)
Iowa (1985)
Michigan & Ohio State (1986)
Michigan State (1987)
Michigan (1988)
Michigan (1989)
Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, & Michigan State (1990)
Michigan (1991)
Michigan (1992)
Ohio State & Wisconsin (1993)
Penn State (1994)
Northwestern (1995)
Ohio State & Northwestern (1996)
Michigan (1997)
Michigan, Ohio State, & Wisconsin (1998)
Wisconsin (1999)
Michigan, Northwestern, & Purdue (2000)
Illinois (2001)
Ohio State & Iowa (2002)
Michigan (2003)
Iowa & Michigan (2004)
Ohio State & Penn State (2005)
Ohio State (2006)
Ohio State (2007)
Ohio State & Penn State (2008)
Ohio State (2009)
Michigan State & Wisconsin (2010)
Wisconsin (2011)
Wisconsin (2012)
Michigan State (2013)
Ohio State (2014)
Michigan State (2015)
Penn State (2016)
National championships in bold
[show]
v
t
e
Big Ten Conference football
East Division
Indiana Hoosiers
Maryland Terrapins
Michigan Wolverines
Michigan State Spartans
Ohio State Buckeyes
Penn State Nittany Lions
Rutgers Scarlet Knights
West Division
Illinois Fighting Illini
Iowa Hawkeyes
Minnesota Golden Gophers
Nebraska Cornhuskers
Northwestern Wildcats
Purdue Boilermakers
Wisconsin Badgers
Championships & awards
Champions
All-time standings (1896–1958), (1959–present)
Championship Game
Individual awards
Chicago Tribune Silver Football
Seasons
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Big_Ten_Conference_football_champions&oldid=780803040"
Categories:
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Big Ten Conference football
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