text:
Timeline of the Middle Ages
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For earlier events, see Timeline of ancient history.
Note: All dates are Common Era. The following is a timeline of the major events during the Middle Ages, a time period in human history mostly centered on Europe, which lies between classical antiquity and the modern era.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early Middle Ages
1.1 3rd and 4th centuries
1.2 5th century
1.3 6th century
1.4 7th century
1.5 9th century
2 High Middle Ages
2.1 10th century
2.2 11th century
2.3 12th century
3 Late Middle Ages
3.1 13th century
3.2 14th century
3.3 1492–1499
4 See also
5 References
Early Middle Ages[edit]
Further information: Early Middle Ages
3rd and 4th centuries[edit]
See also: 5th century and 6th century
Year
Date
Event
Significance
c. 400 Highland Maya fall to the lowland city of Teotihuacan Begins the decline of Maya culture and language in some parts of the highlands.[1]
405 St. Jerome finished the Vulgate. The Christian Gospel is translated into Latin.[2]
410 August 24 Rome is sacked by Alaric, King of the Visigoths. Decisive event in the decline of the Western Roman Empire.[3]
431 June 22 – July 31 Council of Ephesus Confirmed the original Nicene Creed,[4] and condemned the teachings of Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, that led to his exile and separation with the Church of the East.
455 June 2 Rome is sacked by Genseric, King of the Vandals.[5] Another decisive event in the Fall of Rome and held by some historians to mark the "end of the Roman Empire".[6]
476 September 4 Odoacer deposes the last Roman Emperor Romulus Augustulus Considered by many to be the starting point of the Middle Ages[7]
c. 500 Tikal becomes the first great Maya city Significant cultural exchange between the Maya of Tikal and the citizens of Teotihuacan.[1]
c. 500 Battle of Mons Badonicus. The West Saxon advance is halted by Britons in England. Chiefly known today for the supposed involvement of King Arthur but because of the limited number of sources, there is no certainty about the date, location, or details of the fighting.[8][9]
507 Spring The Franks under Clovis defeat the Visigoths in the Battle of Vouillé. The Visigoths retreated into Spain.[10]
c. 524 Boethius writes his Consolation of Philosophy It has been described as the single most important and influential work in the West on Medieval and early Renaissance Christianity.[11]
525 Dionysius Exiguus publishes the Dionysius Exiguus' Easter table. This initiated the Anno Domini era, used for the Gregorian and Julian calendars.
527 August 1 Justinian I becomes Eastern Roman Emperor. Justinian is best remembered for his Code of Civil Law (529), and expansion of imperial territory retaking Rome from the Ostrogoths.
529–534 Justinian I publishes the Code of Civil Law. This compiled centuries of legal writings and imperial pronouncements into three parts of one body of law.
529 Benedict of Nursia founds monastery at Monte Cassino. The first of twelve monasteries founded by Saint Benedict, beginning the Order of Saint Benedict.
532 January 1 Nika Riots in Constantinople. Nearly half the city being burned or destroyed and tens of thousands of people killed.[12]
533 December 15 Byzantines, under Belisarius, retake North Africa from the Vandals. Vandal kingdom ends and the Reconquest of North Africa is completed.
535–554 Gothic War in Italy as a part of Justinian's Reconquest. Byzantines retook Italy but crippled the Byzantine economy and left Italy unable to cope against the oncoming Lombards.
563 Saint Columba founds mission in Iona. Constructed an abbey which helped convert the Picts to Christianity until it was destroyed and raided by the Vikings in 794.[13]
568 The Kingdom of the Lombards is founded in Italy. Survived in Italy until the invasion of the Franks in 774 under Charlemagne.
c. 570 Muhammad is born. Professed receiving revelations from a god, which were recorded in the Qur'an, the basis of Islamic theology, in which he is regarded as the last of the sent prophets.
577 The West Saxons continue their advance at the Battle of Deorham. Led to the permanent separation of Cornwall, England from Wales.
581–618 March 4 – May 23 Sui Dynasty in China. China unified once again during this period for the first time in almost 400 years.
590 September 3 Gregory the Great becomes Pope. The missionary work reached new levels during his pontificate, revolutionized the way of worship for the Catholic Church (Gregorian Chants), liturgy, etc., and was soon canonized after his death.
597 Augustine arrives in Kent. Christianization of England (Anglo-Saxons) begins.
598–668 Massive Chinese (Sui and Tang) invasions against Korean Goguryeo. Contributed to the fall of the Sui Dynasty, and Goguryeo fell under the forces of the Tang and Silla.
c. 600 Deliberate fires set for unknown reasons destroy major buildings in Teotihuacan.[14] Destroys the Teotihuacan civilization and empire. Tikal is now the largest city-state in Mesoamerica.[1]
5th century[edit]
See also: 7th century
Year
Date
Event
Significance
602–629 Last great Roman-Persian War. Long conflict leaves both empires exhausted and unable to cope with the newly united Arab armies under Islam in the 630s
604–609 Grand Canal in China is fully completed[15] Its main role throughout its history was the transport of grain to the capital.
618–907 June 18 – June 1 Tang Dynasty in China. The essential administrative system of this dynasty lasts for 286 years.
622 9 September – 23 September Muhammad Migrates from Mecca to Medina. Event will have designated first year of the Islamic Calendar, as Anno Hegirae.
626 Joint Persian-Avar-Slav Siege of Constantinople Constantinople saved, Avar power broken and Persians henceforth on the defensive
627 December 12 Battle of Nineveh. The Byzantines, under Heraclius, crush the Persians.
632 June 8 Death of Muhammad. By this point, all of Arabia is Muslim.
632–668 Establishment and expansion of Old Great Bulgaria. The demise of Old Great Bulgaria lead to the founding of the First Bulgarian Empire and Volga Bulgaria by the sons of Kubrat.
632 June 8 Accession of Abu Bakr as first Caliph. Though the period of his caliphate was not long, it included successful invasions of the two most powerful empires of the time.
633–634 Battle of Heavenfield. Northumbrian army under Oswald defeat Welsh army.
638 Jerusalem captured by the Arab army, mostly Muslims, but with contingents of Syrian Christians.
641 Battle of Nehawand. Muslims conquer Persia.
643 Arab Army led by 'Amr ibn al-'As takes Alexandria.
645 In Japan, the Soga clan falls. This initiates a period of imitation of Chinese culture, The Nara period begins a year later.
650 Slav occupation of Balkans complete.
c. 650 The city-state Xochicalco is founded by the Olmeca-Xicallanca. Becomes an important cultural and commercial center.[16]
663 Synod of Whitby. Roman Christianity triumphs over Celtic Christianity in England.
668 Ends of the Three Kingdoms period in Korea. Established a Unified Silla which led to the North South States Period 30 years later.[17]
674–678 First Arab siege of Constantinople. First time Islamic armies defeated, forestalling Islamic conquest of Europe.
681 Establishment of the Bulgarian Empire. A country with great influence in the European history in the Middle Ages.
685 Battle of Dun Nechtain. Picts defeat Northumbrians, whose dominance ends.
687 Battle of Tertry Established Pepin of Herstal as mayor over the entire realms of Neustria and Austrasia, which further dwindled Merovingian power.
698 Arab army takes Carthage. End of Byzantine rule in North Africa
698 North South States Period begins in Korea. Silla and Balhae coexisted in the south and north of the peninsula, respectively, until 926[18][19]
6th century[edit]
See also: 8th century
Year
Date
Event
Significance
711 Umayyad conquest of Hispania under Tarik. Will begin a period of Muslim rule within in the Al-Andalus (with various portions of Iberian peninsula) until nearly the end of the Fifteenth Century.
718 Second Arab attack on Constantinople, ending in failure. The combined Byzantine–Bulgarian forces stop the Arab threat in Southeastern Europe.
726 Iconoclast movement begun in the Byzantine Empire under Leo III. This was opposed by Pope Gregory II, and an important difference between the Roman and Byzantine churches.
732 October Battle of Tours. Charles Martel halts Muslim advance. Significant moment that led to the forming of the Carolingian Empire for the Franks, and halted the advancement of the Moors in southwestern Europe.
735 26 May Death of Bede. Bede was later regarded as "the father of English history"
750 25 January Beginning of Abbasid Caliphate. Would become the longest lasting caliphate, until 1519 when conquered and annexed into the Ottoman Empire.
751 Pepin the Short founds the Carolingian dynasty.
754 Pepin promises the Pope central Italy. This is arguably the beginning of the temporal power of the Papacy.
768 Beginning of Charlemagne's reign.
778 15 August Battle of Roncevaux Pass.
786 14 September Accession of Harun al-Rashid to the Caliphate in Baghdad.
793 Sack of Lindisfarne. Viking attacks on Britain begin. Generally considered the beginning of the Viking Age that would span over two centuries, and reach as far south as Hispania and as far east as the Byzantine Empire, and present day Russia.
794 Heian period in Japan. Considered to be the last classical period of History of Japan. Chinese influence was at its strongest during this era in Japan.
795 29 July Death of Offa. Marks the end of Mercian dominance in England.
800 25 December Charlemagne is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. With his crowning, Charlemagne's kingdom is officially recognized by the Papacy as the largest in Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire.
800 Gunpowder is invented (somewhere around 9th century)
7th century[edit]
See also: 9th century
Year
Date
Event
Significance
814 28 January Death of Charlemagne. Would be a factor towards the splitting of his empire almost 30 years later.
820 Algebrae et Alumcabola Algorithm Huhammad ibn Musa- al-Khwarizmi
825 Battle of Ellandun. Egbert defeats Mercians. Wessex becomes the leading kingdom of England.
827 Muslims invade Sicily. First encounter of attempts to conquer Byzantine Sicily, until the last Byzantine outpost was conquered in 965.
840 Muslims capture Bari and much of southern Italy.
843 Division of Charlemagne's Empire between his grandsons with the Treaty of Verdun. Sets the stage for the founding of the Holy Roman Empire and France as separate states.
843 Kenneth McAlpin becomes king of the Picts and Scots, creating the Kingdom of Alba.
862 Viking state in Russia founded under Rurik, first at Novgorod, then Kiev.
864 Christianization of Bulgaria.
866 Fujiwara period in Japan. Would become the most powerful clan during the Heian period in Japan for around three centuries.
866 Viking Great Army arrives in England. Northumbria, East Anglia, and Mercia were overwhelmed.
868 Earliest known printed book in China with a date.
871 Alfred the Great assumes the throne, the first king of a united England. He defended England from Viking invaders, formed new laws and fostered a rebirth of religious and scholarly activities.
c. 872 Harold Fairhair becomes King of Norway.
874 Iceland is settled by Norsemen.
882 Kievan Rus' is established. Would be sustained until the Mongol invasion of Rus' over four and a half centuries, despite peaking during the middle 11th century during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
885 Arrival of the disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Bulgaria Creation of the Cyrillic script; in the following decades the country became the cultural and spiritual centre of the whole Eastern Orthodox part of the Slavic World.
885–886 Vikings attack Paris.
893 Emperor Simeon I becomes ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire in the Balkans. Golden age of the First Bulgarian Empire (896–927). The Cyrillic alphabet was developed in the Preslav Literary School and Ohrid Literary School.[20][21][22]
896 Arpad and the Magyars are present in Pannonia.
899 27 October Death of Alfred the Great.
c. 900 Lowland Maya cities in the south collapse. Signifies the end of the Classic Period of Maya history. The Maya in northern Yucatán continue to thrive.
9th century[edit]
See also: 10th century
Year
Date
Event
Significance
907 Tang Dynasty ends with Emperor Ai deposed. The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period in China commences.
910 King Edward the Elder of England, son of King Alfred, defeats the Northumbrian Vikings at the Battle of Tettenhall; they never raid south of the River Humber again.
910 Cluny Abbey is founded by William I, Count of Auvergne. Cluny goes on to become the acknowledged leader of Western Monasticism. Cluniac Reforms initiated with the abbey's founding.
911 The Viking Rollo and his tribe settle in what is now Normandy by the terms of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, founding the Duchy of Normandy.
917 Battle of Anchialus. Simeon I the Great defeats the Byzantines. Recognition of the Imperial Title of the Bulgarian rulers.
919 Henry the Fowler, Duke of Saxony elected German King. First king of the Ottonian Dynasty. Henry I considered the founder and first king of the medieval German state.
925 The first King of Croatia (rex Croatorum), Tomislav (910–928) of the Trpimirović dynasty was crowned. Tomislav united Croats of Dalmatia and Pannonia into a single Kingdom, and created a sizeable state.
927 King Aethelstan the Glorious unites the heptarchy of The Anglo-Saxon nations of Wessex, Sussex, Essex, Kent, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria founding the Kingdom of England.
927 According to Theophanes Continuatus (The Continuer of Theophanes's Chronicle) – Tomislav of Croatia defeated Bulgarian army of Tsar Simeon I under Duke Alogobotur, in battle of the Bosnian Highlands. Bulgarian expansion to the west was stopped.
927 Death of Simeon I the Great. Recognition of the Bulgarian Patriarchate, the first independent National Church in Europe.
929 Abd-ar-Rahman III of the Umayyad dynasty in al-Andalus (part of the Iberian peninsula) takes the title of Caliph or ruler of the Islamic world. Beginning of the Caliphate of Córdoba (929–1031).
936 Wang Geon unified Later Three Kingdoms of Korea.
938 Ngo Quyen won the battle of Bach Dang against Chinese Southern Han army. This event marked the independence of Vietnam after 1000 years under Chinese colony.
955 Battle of Lechfeld. Otto the Great, son of Henry the Fowler, defeats the Magyars. This is the defining event that prevents the Hungarians from entering Central Europe.
c.960 Mieszko I becomes duke of Polans. First historical ruler of Poland and de facto founder of the Polish State.
960 Song Dynasty begins after Emperor of Taizu usurps the throne from the Later Zhou, last of the Five Dynasties. A 319-year period of Song rule (Northern & Southern combined) goes underway.
962 Otto the Great crowned the Holy Roman Emperor. First to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor in nearly 40 years.
963–964 Otto deposes Pope John XII who is replaced with Pope Leo VIII. Citizens of Rome promise not to elect another Pope without Imperial approval.
965–967 Mieszko I of Poland and his court embrace Christianity, which becomes national religion.
969 John I Tzimiskes and Nikephoros II are executed. Sultane of Rums are proclaimed.
976 Death of John I Tzimiskes; Basil II (his co-emperor) takes sole power. Under Basil II zenith of the power of Eastern Empire after Justinian.
978 Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir becomes de facto ruler of Muslim Al-Andalus. Peak of power of Moorish Iberia under "Almanzor".
981 Basil II (called "Bulgar Slayer") begins final conquest of Bulgaria by Eastern Empire. Conquest finished by 1018.
985 Eric the Red, exiled from Iceland, begins Scandinavian colonization of Greenland.
987 Succession of Hugh Capet to the French Throne. Beginning of Capetian Dynasty.
988 Volodymyr I of Kiev embraces Christianity, which becomes national religion.
989 Peace and Truce of God formed. The first movement of the Catholic Church using spiritual means to limit private war, and the first movement in medieval Europe to control society through non-violent means.
High Middle Ages[edit]
Further information: High Middle Ages
10th century[edit]
See also: 11th century
Year
Date
Event
Significance
c. 1001 Leif Ericson is to settle during the winter in present-day Canada at L'Anse aux Meadows. Ericson is to be the first European to settle in the Americas during the Norse exploration of the Americas.
1016 Canute the Great becomes King of England after the death of Edmund Ironside, with whom he shared the English throne. Danes become kings of England for the next 26 years before the last rise of the Anglo-Saxons before the Norman Conquest.
1018 The Byzantines under Basil II conquer Bulgaria after a bitter 50-years struggle. Concludes the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria.
1021 The Tale of Genji, written by Murasaki Shikibu, is completed sometime before this date.[23] It is sometimes called the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be considered a classic.[24]
1025 The Canon of Medicine Persian Avicenna set standard medical textbook through 18th century in Europe
1037 The Great Seljuk Empire is founded by Tughril Beg. Would be a major force during the first two Crusades, and an antagonist to the Byzantine Empire over the next century.
1049 Pope Leo IX ascends to the papal throne. Leo IX was the pope that excommunicated Patriarch of Constantinople, Michael Cerularius (who also excommunicated Leo), which caused the Great Schism.
1050 The astrolabe, an ancient tool of navigation, is first used in Europe. Early tool of marine navigators, astrologers, astronomers.
1050 Westminster Abbey Edward the Confessor
1054 The East-West Schism which divided the church into Western Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. Tensions will vary between the Catholic and Orthodox churches throughout the Middle Ages.
1066 William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, invades England and becomes King after the Battle of Hastings. End of Anglo-Saxon rule in England and start of Norman lineage.
1067 Pope Gregory VII elevated to the papal throne. This begins a period of church reform.
1071 The Seljuks under Alp Arslan defeat the Byzantine army at Manzikert. The Normans capture Bari, the last Byzantine possession in southern Italy. Beginning of the end of Byzantine rule in Asia Minor.
1075 Dictatus Papae in which Pope Gregory VII defines the powers of the pope. Peak of the Gregorian Reform, and an immense factor in the Investiture Controversy.
1077 Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV walks to Canossa where he stands barefoot in the snow to beg forgiveness of the Pope for his offences, and admitting defeat in the Investiture Controversy. This helps establish Papal rule over European heads of state for another 450 years.
1077 The Construction of the Tower of London begins. The tower of London was the ultimate keep of the British Empire.
1086 The compilation of the Domesday Book, a great land and property survey commissioned by William the Conqueror to assess his new possessions. This is the first such undertaking since Roman times.
1088 University of Bologna is formed. It is the oldest university in Europe.
1095 Pope Urban issues the Crusades to capture the Holy Land, and to repel the Seljuk Turks from the Byzantine Empire from Alexios I Komnenos. This would be the first of 9 Major Crusades, and a number of other crusades that would spread into the late 13th century.
1096 First Crusade. Jerusalem is re-taken from the Muslims on the urging of Pope Urban II. This would lead to the beginning of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, which would last for nearly two centuries; within the era of the Crusades to the Holy Land.
1098 The Cistercian Order is founded. Was a return to the original observance of the Rule of St. Benedict.
11th century[edit]
See also: 12th century
Year
Date
Event
Significance
1100 Latin-translation of the great masters of Arabic medicine: Razes, Ibn Imran, Ibn Suleiman, and Ibn al-Jazzar Constantine the African
1102 Kingdom of Croatia and Kingdom of Hungary formed a personal union of two kingdoms united under the Hungarian king. The act of union was deal with Pacta conventa, by which institutions of separate Croatian statehood were maintained through the Sabor (an assembly of Croatian nobles) and the ban (viceroy). In addition, the Croatian nobles retained their lands and titles. Medieval Hungary and Croatia were (in terms of public international law) allied by means of personal union until 1526. Although, Hungarian-Croatian state existed until the beginning of the 20th century and the Treaty of Trianon.
1102 Synods of Westminster End of simony, clerical marriages, slavery under Anselm of Canterbury
1106 9/28 Henry I of England defeats his older brother Robert Curthose, duke of Normandy, at the Battle of Tinchebrai, and imprisons him in Devizes castle; Edgar Atheling and William Clito are also taken prisoner. This victory made a later struggle between England and the rising Capetian power in France inevitable.
1107 Through the Compromise of 1107, suggested by Adela, the sister of King Henry, the Investiture Struggle in England is ended. This compromise removed one of the points of friction between the English monarchy and the Catholic Church.
1109 In the Battle of Naklo, Boleslaus III Wrymouth defeats the Pomeranians. Polish access to the sea is re-established.
1109 8/24 In the Battle of Hundsfeld, Boleslaus III Wrymouth defeats Emperor Henry V. German expansion to the centre of Europe is stopped.
1116 The Byzantine army defeats the Turks at Philomelion. The Turks abandon the entire coastal area of Anatolia and all of western Anatolia
1117 The University of Oxford is founded. It is the oldest university in the United Kingdom.
1118 The Knights Templar are founded to protect Jerusalem and European pilgrims on their journey to the city. Becomes the most recognizable, and impactful military orders during the Crusades.
1121 12/25 St. Norbert and 29 companions make their solemn vows marking the beginning of the Premonstratensian Order. This order played a significant role in evangelizing the Slavs, the Wends, to the east of the Holy Roman Empire.
1122 9/23 The Concordat of Worms was drawn up between Emperor Henry V and Pope Calixtus II. This concordat ended the investiture struggle, but bitter rivalry between emperor and pope remained.
1123 3/18-3/27 The First Lateran Council followed and confirmed the Concordat of Worms.
1125 School of Glossators Irnerius
1125 Lothair of Supplinburg, duke of Saxony, is elected Holy Roman Emperor instead of the nearest heir, Frederick of Swabia. This election marks the beginning of the great struggle between the Guelfs and the Ghibellines.
1125–1127 Jingkang Incident The Jurchen soldiers sack Kaifeng, bringing an end to the Northern Song Dynasty in China; the Song moves further south and makes Lin'an their new capital.
1130 12/25 Roger II is crowned King of Sicily, a Royal title given him by the Antipope Anacletus II. This coronation marks the beginning of the Kingdom of Sicily and its Mediterranean empire under the Norman kings, which was able to take on the Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, and the Byzantine Empire.
1130 Sic et Non Peter Abelard
1135 The Anarchy begins in England. This will mark a 19-year period of Government strife and Civil War between the supporters of Stephen and Matilda, and end with the crowning of Matilda's son, Henry II, and beginning the Plantagenet dynasty.
1139 April The Second Lateran Council declared clerical marriages invalid, regulated clerical dress, and punished attacks on clerics by excommunication. Enforces the major reforms that Gregory VII began to heavily campaign for several decades earlier.
1140 Decretum Gratian
1144 Rebuild of Basilica of Saint Denis Suger
1147–1149 The Second Crusade was in retaliation for the fall of Edessa, one of the first Crusader States founded in the First Crusade. It was an overall failure. This was the first Crusade to have been led by European kings.
1150 Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona, married Queen Petronilla of Aragon. They had been betrothed in 1137. This marriage gave the Kingdom of Aragon access to the Mediterranean Sea, creating a powerful kingdom which expanded to control many of the Mediterranean lands.
1150 Sorbonne
1152 The Synod of Kells-Mellifont established the present diocesan system of Ireland (with later modifications) and recognized the primacy of Armagh. This synod marks the inclusion of the Irish Church into mainstream European Catholicism.
1154 Common Law Henry II
1158 The Hanseatic League is founded. This marks a new period of trade and economic development for northern and central Europe.
1163 The first cornerstone is laid for the construction of Notre Dame de Paris.
1166 Stefan Nemanja united Serbian territories, establishing the Medieval Serbian state. This marks the rise of Serbia which will dominate the Balkans for the next three hundred years. Allies of Serbia at this moment become the Hungarian Kingdom and the Republic of Venice.
1171 King Henry II of England lands in Ireland to assert his supremacy and the Synod of Cashel acknowledges his sovereignty. With his landing, Henry begins the English claim to and occupation of Ireland which would last some seven and a half centuries.
1174 7/12 King William I of Scotland, captured in the Battle of Alnwick by the English, accepts the feudal lordship of the English crown and does ceremonial allegiance at York. This is the beginning of the gradual acquisition of Scotland by the English.
1175 Hōnen Shōnin (Genkū) founds the Jōdo shū (Pure Land) sect of Buddhism. This event marks the beginning of the Buddhist sectarian movement in Japan.
1176 5/29 At the Battle of Legnano, the cavalry of Frederick Barbarossa is defeated by the infantry of the Lombard League. This is the first major defeat of cavalry by infantry, signaling the new role of the bourgeoisie.
1175 Latin-translation Gerard of Cremona
1179 church schools Third Council of the Lateran
1179 March The Third Lateran Council limits papal electees to the cardinals alone, condemns simony, and forbids the promotion of anyone to the episcopate before the age of thirty.
1183 The final Peace of Constance between Frederick Barbarossa, the pope, and the Lombard towns is signed. The various articles of the treaty destroyed the unity of the Empire and Germany and Italy underwent separate developments.
1183 The Taira clan are driven out of Kyōto by Minamoto Yoshinaka. The two-year conflict which follows ends at the Battle of Dan no Ura (1185).
1184 November Pope Lucius III issues the papal bull Ad Abolendam. This bull set up the organization of the medieval inquisitions.
1185 Windmills are first recorded.
1185 Uprising of Asen and Peter. The reestablishment of the Bulgarian Empire.
1185 At the Battle of Dan no Ura, Minamoto Yoshitsune annihilates the Taira clan. The elimination of the Taira leaves the Minamoto the virtual rulers of Japan and marks the beginning of the first period of feudal rule known as the Kamakura Period.
1186 1/27 The future emperor Henry VI marries Constance of Sicily, heiress to the Sicilian throne. This marriage shifts the focus of the Guelphs/Ghibelline struggle to Sicily and marks the ruin of the House of Hohenstaufen.
1187 Saladin recaptures Jerusalem. Would lead to the Third Crusade.
1188 Tractatus of Glanvil Oxford Uninversity
1189 July 6 Richard I ascends the throne of England. His heavy taxation to finance his European ventures created an antipathy of barons and people toward the crown, but his being absent enabled the English to advance in their political development.
1189–1192 The Third Crusade follows upon Saladin's uniting the Muslim world and recapturing Jerusalem. Despite managing to win several major battles, the Crusaders did not recapture Jerusalem.
1192 Minamoto no Yoritomo is appointed Sei-i Taishōgun, or shōgun for short. He is the first of a long line of military dictators to bear this title. The institution would last until 1913.
1193 Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji sack and burn the university at Nalanda. This is the beginning of the decline of Buddhism in India.
1193 The first known merchant guild.
1199 Europeans first use compasses.
12th century[edit]
See also: 13th century
Year
Date
Event
Significance
1202 The Fourth Crusade sacked Croatian town of Zadar (Italian: Zara), a rival of Venice. Unable to raise enough funds to pay to their Venetian contractors, the crusaders agreed to sack the city despite letters from Pope Innocent III forbidding such an action and threatening excommunication. Siege of Zara was the first major Crusade's action and the first attack against a Catholic city by Catholic crusaders.
1204 Sack of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade. Considered to be the beginning of the decline of the Byzantine Empire.
1205 Battle of Adrianople. The Bulgarians under Emperor Kaloyan defeat Baldwin I. Beginning of the decline of the Latin Empire.
1206 Genghis Khan was elected as Khagan of the Mongols and the Mongol Empire was established. The Mongols would conquer much of Eurasia, changing former political borders.
1208 Pope Innocent III calls for the Albigensian Crusade which seeks to destroy a rival form of Christianity practiced by the Cathars.
1209 The University of Cambridge is founded.
1209 Founding of the Franciscan Order. One of the more significant orders in the Roman Catholic church, founded by Saint Francis of Assisi.
1212 Spanish Christians succeed in defeating the Moors in the long Reconquista campaigns, after the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa. By 1238, only the small southern Emirate of Granada remained under Muslim control.
1215 15 June The Magna Carta is sealed by John of England. This marks one of the first times a medieval ruler is forced to accept limits on his power.
1215 Fourth Lateran Council. Dealt with transubstantiation, papal primacy and conduct of clergy. Proclaimed that Jews and Muslims should wear identification marks to distinguish them from Christians.
1216 Papal recognition of the Dominican Order.
1219 Serbian Orthodox Church becomes autocephalous under St. Sava, its first Archbishop.
1227 18 August Genghis Khan dies. His kingdom is divided among his children and grandchildren: Empire of the Great Khan, Chagatai Khanate, Mongolian Homeland, and the Blue Horde and White Horde. (Which would later become the Golden Horde.
1237–1240 Mongol invasion of Rus' resumes. Causes the split of Kievan Rus' into three components (present day Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, greatly effects various regions of raided lands in other parts of Europe; Golden Horde formed.
1257 Founding of the University of Paris.
1257 Provisions of Oxford forced upon Henry III of England. This establishes a new form of government-limited regal authority.
1258 29 January– 10 February Siege of Baghdad Mongols (the Ilkhanate) ensure control of the region; Generally considered the end of the Islamic Golden Age.
1258 The first Mongol invasion of Vietnam The Mongol army was defeated by emperor Tran Thai Tong of Đại Việt
1272–73 The Ninth Crusade occurs. Considered to be the Last Major Crusade to take place in the Holy Land.
1273 29 September Rudolph I of Germany is elected Holy Roman Emperor. This begins the Habsburg de facto domination of the crown that lasted until is dissolution in 1806.
1274 Thomas Aquinas' work, Summa Theologica is published, after his death. Is the main staple of theology during the Middle Ages.
1279 19 March Battle of Yamen. Marks the end of the Song Dynasty in China, and all of China is under the rule of Kublai Khan as the emperor.
1282 Sicilian Vespers. Sicilians massacre Angevins over a six-week period, after a Frenchman harassed a woman. Would mark a two decade period of war, and peace treaties mainly between Aragon, Sicily, and the Angevins.
1283 First regulated Catalan Courts. Presided by king Peter III of Aragon for the whole Principality of Catalonia, it became in one of the first parliamentary bodies that banned the royal power to create legislation unilaterally.
1285 The second Mongol invasion of Vietnam The Mongol army was defeated by emperor Tran Nhan Tong and general Tran Hung Dao.
1287 The third Mongol invasion of Vietnam Decisive Vietnam victory. To avoid further conflict, Đại Việt agreed to a tributary relationship with the Yuan dynasty
1296 Edward I of England invades Scotland, starting the First War of Scottish Independence.
1297 11 September The Battle of Stirling Bridge. William Wallace emerges as the leader of the Scottish resistance to England.
1298 Marco Polo publishes his tales of China, along with Rustichello da Pisa. A key step to the bridging of Asia and Europe in trade.
1299 27 July The Ottoman Empire is founded by Osman I. Becomes longest lasting Islamic Empire, lasting over 600 years into the 20th century.
Late Middle Ages[edit]
Further information: Late Middle Ages
13th century[edit]
See also: 14th century
Year
Date
Event
Significance
1305 Wednesday August 23 William Wallace is executed for treason.
1307 Friday, October 13th The Knights Templar are rounded up and murdered by Philip the Fair of France, with the backing of the Pope. Hastens the demise of the order within a decade.
1307 Beginning of the Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy during which the Popes moved to Avignon. Begins a period of over seven decades of the Papacy outside of Rome that would be one of the major factors of the Western Schism.
1310 Dante publishes his Divine Comedy. Is one of the most defining works of literature during the Late Middle Ages, and among the most recognizable in all of literature.
1314 23–24 June Battle of Bannockburn. Robert the Bruce restores Scotland's de facto independence.
1325 The Mexica found the city of Tenochtitlan. This would later be the epicenter and capital of the Aztec Empire until the Siege of Tenochtitlan 200 years later.[25]
1328 The First War of Scottish Independence ends in Scottish victory with the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton and de jure independence.
1323 Romance of the three kingdom
1333 Emperor Go-Daigo returns to the throne from exile, and begins the Kenmu restoration. The Kamakura Shogunate comes to an end, and the Kenmu Restoration only lasts a few years before the Ashikaga Shogunate begins.
1337 The Hundred Years' War begins. England and France struggle for a dominating position in Europe and their region. The war will span through three/four different war periods within a 116-year period.
1346 August 26th Battle of Crécy. English forces led by Edward III and Edward, the Black Prince defeat the French forces of Philip VI despite being outnumbered at least 4 to 1, with the longbow being a major factor in favor of England. Also considered to be the beginning of the end of classic chivalry.
1347 The Black Death ravages Europe for the first of many times. An estimated 20% – 40% of the population is thought to have perished within the first year. The first of many concurrences of this plague, This was believed to have wiped out as many as 50% of Europe's population by its end.
1347 The University of Prague is founded. It is the oldest Czech and German-Speaking University in the world
1364 Astrarium Giovanni de dondi
1368 The fall of the Yuan Dynasty. Its remnants, known as Northern Yuan, continued to rule Mongolia. The breakup of the Mongol Empire, which marked the end of Pax Mongolica.
1370 Tamerlane establishes the Timurid Dynasty. During this 35-year period, Tamerlane would ravage his fellow Islamic states such as the Golden Horde and the Delhi Sultanate in order to accomplish his goal of a restored Mongol Empire.
1378 The Western Schism during which three claimant popes were elected simultaneously. The Avignon Papacy ends.
1380 Prince Dmitry Donskoy of Moscow led a united Russian army to a victory over the Mongols in the Battle of Kulikovo.
1380 Chaucer begins to write The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer's greatest work, and one of the foundations towards the formation of the Modern English language
1381 Peasants' Revolt in England. Quickest-spread revolt in English history, and the most popular revolt of the Late Middle Ages.
1381 The Bible is translated into English by John Wycliffe. First print published in English (Vulgate)
1386 October 18–19th The University of Heidelberg is founded. It is the oldest university in Germany.
1389 June 28th Battle of Kosovo in Serbia. This was in many respects the decisive battle between the Turks, led by Sultan Murat, and Christian army, led by the Serbs and their duke Lazar. The battle took place in Kosovo, the southern province of the Medieval Serbian Empire. After this battle Turkish empire continued to spread over the Balkans, to finally reach Vienna.
1392 Joseon Dynasty founded in Korea. Becomes longest reigning Korean dynasty.
1396 The Battle of Nicopolis. The last great Crusade fails. Bulgaria was conquered by the Ottomans
1397 The Kalmar Union is formed. Queen Margaret I of Denmark unites the Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, and lasts until 1523.
1399 Richard II abdicates the throne to Henry of Bolingbroke, who becomes Henry IV of England. End of Plantagenet Dynasty, beginning of the Lancaster lineage of kings.
14th century[edit]
See also: 15th century
Year
Date
Event
Significance
1402 July 20th Battle of Ankara Bayezid I is captured by Tamerlane's forces, causing the interregnum of the Ottoman Empire.
1405 Chinese naval expeditions of Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean (to Eastern Africa) begin, under the leadership of Zheng He. This will be the first of seven of the Ming Dynasty-sponsored expeditions, lasting until 1433.
1409 Ladislaus of Naples sells his "rights" on Dalmatia to the Venetian Republic for 100,000 ducats. Dalmatia would with some interruptions remain under Venetian rule for nearly four centuries, until 1797.
1410 Battle of Grunwald Major turning point in history of Poland and the Teutonic Order.
1415 Kingdom of Portugal conquers Ceuta. Beginning of the Portuguese Empire. Beginning of the Age of Discovery.
1415 October 25 Battle of Agincourt. Henry V and his army defeat a numerically superior French army, partially because of the newly introduced English longbow. The turning point in the Hundred Years' War for 15th-century England that leads to the signing of the Treaty of Troyes five years later, making Henry V heir to the throne of France.
1417 The Council of Constance ends. The Western Schism comes to a close, and elects Pope Martin V as the sole pope.
1419 Hussite Wars begin after four years after the death of Jan Hus in central Europe, dealing with the followers of Jan Hus and those against them. Although the war was a stalemate (ended around 1434), it was another factor that[clarification needed] between the Catholics and Protestants before the Protestant Reformation.
1428 Itzcoatl, the fourth Mexica king in Tenochtitlán, allied with Texcoco and Tlacopan, defeats Azcapotzalco. Signifies the birth of the Aztec Empire and the start of an aggressive expansion lasting 90 years. Itzcoatl and his men began burning historic hieroglyphic books of conquered states, rewriting history with the Mexica at its center.[25]
1429 Joan of Arc lifts the siege of Orléans for the Dauphin of France, enabling him to eventually be crowned at Reims. The battle at Orléans is the first of many which ultimately drive the English from continental Europe.
1431 30 May Trial and execution of Joan of Arc. Death of the woman who helped turn the Hundred Years' War in favor of the French over the past two years.
1434 The Medici family rises to prominence in Florence. This ushers in a period of significance of the Medicis, such as bankers, popes, queens (regents) and dukes, throughout Europe (mainly Italy, especially the Florentine Republic), over the next three centuries.
1434 Aronolfini Portrait Jan Van Eyck evidence on usage of convex mirror
1438 Prince Cusi Yupanqui becomes the first Inca emperor. Inca civilization begins expanding and the Inca Empire is born.[25]
1439 Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press. Literature, news, etc. becomes more accessible throughout Europe.
1442 Battle of Szeben Third significant victory for the Hungarian forces led by Janos Hunyadi over the Ottoman forces.
1443 Hangul Sejong
1444 November 10 Battle of Varna Final battle of the Crusade of Varna; Ottomans are victorious over the Hungarian-Polish armies, and Władysław III of Poland dies.
1452 Coronation of Frederick III
1453 Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Turks. End of the Byzantine Empire (or Eastern Roman Empire to some); Constantinople becomes capital of Ottoman Empire.
1453 The Hundred Years' War ends. England's once vast territory in France is now reduced to only Calais, which they eventually lose control of as well.
1455 May 22 Battle of St. Albans Traditionally marks the beginning of the War of the Roses.
1456 Siege of Belgrade Major Ottoman advances are halted for seven decades; last major victory for Hunyadi.
1459 Smederevo falls under the Turks Marks the end of the Medieval Serbian Empire.
1461 The Empire of Trebizond falls to the Ottoman Turks. Last Roman outpost to be conquered by the Ottomans.
1464 Dardanelles gun Turkish Munir Ali
1467–1477 Ōnin War takes place in Japan. First of many significant civil wars between shogunates that would continue for another century during the Muromachi period.
1475 The Khanate of Crimea is conquered and made a vassal state by the Ottoman Empire. Venice is defeated and the Ottoman Empire becomes master of the Aegean Sea.
1485 Thomas Malory composes Le Morte d'Arthur Perhaps the best-known work of Arthurian literature in English.
1485 August 22nd Battle of Bosworth Field. Richard III dies in battle, and Henry Tudor becomes king of England; last shift of Houses/kingship during the War of the Roses.
1487 June 16 Battle of Stoke. Marks end of the War of the Roses.
1492 Reconquista ends. Marks end of Moorish-Muslim rule within Iberian Peninsula; Unification of Spain and Portugal, respectively.
1492 Christopher Columbus reaches the New World. Age of Discovery into the New World begins.
1492–1499[edit]
Events between the traditional end of the Middle Ages in 1492 and the beginning of the 16th century:
Year
Date
Event
Significance
1494 June 10 Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves. Pope's ruling will lead to the division of Brazil and Spanish America, as well as the formation of the Spanish Philippines and Portuguese colonies in India and Africa.
1494–1559 The Italian Wars. Italian Wars will eventually lead to the downfall of the Italian city-states.
1497 Vasco da Gama begins his first voyage from Europe to India and back. Vasco da Gama was the first European to sail directly to Eastern Asia from Europe.
1499 Ottoman fleet defeats Venetians at the Battle of Zonchio. The first naval battle that used cannons in ships.
For later events, see Timeline of early modern history
)
See also[edit]
Timeline of Classical Antiquity
Timeline of Christianity
Universal history
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Civilization.ca – Mystery of the Maya – Maya civilization timeline". www.historymuseum.ca. Retrieved 2017-04-02.
Jump up ^ Chapman, John (1922). "St Jerome and the Vulgate New Testament (I–II)". The Journal of Theological Studies. o.s. 24 (93): 33–51. doi:10.1093/jts/os-XXIV.93.33. ISSN 0022-5185. Chapman, John (1923). "St Jerome and the Vulgate New Testament (III)". The Journal of Theological Studies. o.s. 24 (95): 282–299. doi:10.1093/jts/os-XXIV.95.282. ISSN 0022-5185.
Jump up ^ Moorhead, Sam; Stuttard, david (2010). AD 410 The Year That Shook Rome.
Jump up ^ Schaff, Philip; Wace, Henry, eds. (1890), The Seven Ecumenical Councils, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Second Series, 14, The Seven Ecumenical Councils, Grand Rapids, Michigan, U.S.A.: Eerdmans Pub Co., ISBN 0-8028-8129-7 [1] [2]
Jump up ^ "June 2, 455 – Gaiseric, The Vandals & The Sack of Rome". Multiply. 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "Multiply.com". History101.multiply.com. 2013-05-31. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "Middle Ages" Dictionary.com
Jump up ^ Dupuy, R. Ernest & al. The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History From 3500 B.C. to the Present, 4th ed., p. 193. HarperCollins Pub. (New York), 1993.
Jump up ^ Hollister, C. Warren. The Making of England to 1399, 8th ed., p. 31. Houghton Mifflin Co. (New York), 2001.
Jump up ^ "[3]"
Jump up ^ The Consolation of Philosophy (Oxford World's Classics), Introduction (2000)
Jump up ^ "Medieval Sourcebook: Procopius: JUSTINIAN SUPPRESSES THE NIKA REVOLT, 532". Paul Halsall. 1996. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Scotland's History – Columba". BBC. 1970-01-01. Retrieved 2014-01-22.
Jump up ^ "Teotihuacan". Ancient History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2017-04-02.
Jump up ^ Ebrey, Cambridge Illustrated History of China, 114: "[…] the Grand Canal, dug between 605 and 609 by means of enormous levies of conscripted labour."
Jump up ^ Snow, Dean (2010). Archaeology of Native North America. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. p. 157.
Jump up ^ Encyclopedia of World History, Vol I, P464 Three Kingdoms, Korea, Edited by Marsha E. Ackermann, Michael J. Schroeder, Janice J. Terry, Jiu-Hwa Lo Upshur, Mark F. Whitters, ISBN 978-0-8160-6386-4
Jump up ^ Encyclopedia, Naver
Jump up ^ Korean Britannica Encyclopedia, Daum
Jump up ^ Dvornik, Francis (1956). The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization. Boston: American Academy of Arts and Sciences. p. 179. The Psalter and the Book of Prophets were adapted or "modernized" with special regard to their use in Bulgarian churches, and it was in this school that glagolitic writing was replaced by the so-called Cyrillic writing, which was more akin to the Greek uncial, simplified matters considerably and is still used by the Orthodox Slavs.
Jump up ^ Cite error: The named reference books.google.com was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ The Orthodox Church in the Byzantine Empire, Oxford History of the Christian Church, J. M. Hussey, Andrew Louth, Oxford University Press, 2010, ISBN 0191614882, p. 100.
Jump up ^ The Diary of Lady Murasaki, ed. Richard Bowring, Penguin Classics 2005, p.31, note 41. In his introduction to the text, Bowring discusses its dating which, in any case, is generally accepted by most authorities. Royall Tyler, in his edition of the Tale of Genji cited below, also draws attention to the entry in Murasaki Shikibu's diary: see the Penguin Books edition, 2003, Introduction, p.xvii
Jump up ^ Birmingham Museum of Art (2010). Birmingham Museum of Art : guide to the collection. [Birmingham, Ala]: Birmingham Museum of Art. p. 49. ISBN 978-1-904832-77-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Restall, Matthew; Lane, Kris (2011). Latin America in Colonial Times. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 68–74. ISBN 978-0-521-13260-2.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_the_Middle_Ages&oldid=837854680"
Categories:
Middle Ages
Ancient timelines
Chronology
Hidden categories:
Pages with reference errors
Pages with broken reference names
Articles containing Italian-language text
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2012
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Español
فارسی
Français
Italiano
Polski
ไทย
Edit links
This page was last edited on 23 April 2018, at 12:52.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values:
/wiki/Modern_era
mw-redirect
Modern era

values: button 0 togglelink

attrs: class dir

values: toctitle ltr

values:
/wiki/Maya_culture
mw-redirect
Maya culture

values:
/wiki/Fall_of_Rome
mw-redirect
Fall of Rome

values:
/wiki/Roman_Emperor
mw-redirect
Roman Emperor

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_Mons_Badonicus
mw-redirect
Battle of Mons Badonicus

values:
/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_West_Saxons
mw-redirect
Kingdom of the West Saxons

values:
/wiki/Britons_(historic)
mw-redirect
Britons (historic)

values:
/wiki/Consolation_of_Philosophy
mw-redirect
Consolation of Philosophy

values:
/wiki/List_of_Byzantine_Emperors
mw-redirect
List of Byzantine Emperors

values:
/wiki/Sui_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Sui Dynasty

values:
/wiki/Gregory_the_Great
mw-redirect
Gregory the Great

values:
/wiki/Gregorian_Chants
mw-redirect
Gregorian Chants

values:
/wiki/Goguryeo-Sui_Wars
mw-redirect
Goguryeo-Sui Wars

values:
/wiki/Goguryeo-Tang_Wars
mw-redirect
Goguryeo-Tang Wars

values:
/wiki/Roman-Persian_Wars#Climax
mw-redirect
Roman-Persian Wars

values:
/wiki/Tang_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Tang Dynasty

values:
/wiki/Hijra_(Islam)
mw-redirect
Hijra (Islam)

values:
/wiki/Islamic_Calendar
mw-redirect
Islamic Calendar

values:
/wiki/Anno_Hegirae
mw-redirect
Anno Hegirae

values:
/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(637)
mw-redirect
Siege of Jerusalem (637)

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_Nihaw%C4%81nd
mw-redirect
Battle of Nihawānd

values:
/wiki/Unified_Silla
mw-redirect
Unified Silla

values:
/wiki/North_South_States_Period
mw-redirect
North South States Period

values:
/wiki/Siege_of_Constantinople_(674)
mw-redirect
Siege of Constantinople (674)

values:
/wiki/Iberian_peninsula
mw-redirect
Iberian peninsula

values:
/wiki/Fifteenth_Century
mw-redirect
Fifteenth Century

values:
/wiki/Southeastern_Europe
mw-redirect
Southeastern Europe

values:
/wiki/Pippin_the_Younger
mw-redirect
Pippin the Younger

values:
/wiki/Japanese_History
mw-redirect
Japanese History

values:
/wiki/Kenneth_I_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
Kenneth I of Scotland

values:
/wiki/Viking_Great_Army
mw-redirect
Viking Great Army

values:
/wiki/Harold_Fairhair
mw-redirect
Harold Fairhair

values:
/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox
mw-redirect
Eastern Orthodox

values:
/wiki/Slavic_peoples
mw-redirect
Slavic peoples

values:
/wiki/Siege_of_Paris_(885%E2%80%9386)
mw-redirect
Siege of Paris (885–86)

values:
/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet
mw-redirect
Cyrillic alphabet

values:
/wiki/Five_Dynasties_and_Ten_Kingdoms
mw-redirect
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms

values:
/wiki/William_I_of_Aquitaine
mw-redirect
William I of Aquitaine

values:
/wiki/Count_of_Auvergne
mw-redirect
Count of Auvergne

values:
/wiki/Rollo_of_Normandy
mw-redirect
Rollo of Normandy

values:
/wiki/Duke_of_Saxony
mw-redirect
Duke of Saxony

values:
/wiki/Ottonian_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Ottonian Dynasty

values:
/wiki/King_of_Croatia
mw-redirect
King of Croatia

values:
/wiki/Aethelstan_the_Glorious
mw-redirect
Aethelstan the Glorious

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bosnian_Highlands
mw-redirect
Battle of the Bosnian Highlands

values:
/wiki/Bulgarian_Patriarchate
mw-redirect
Bulgarian Patriarchate

values:
/wiki/Later_Three_Kingdoms_of_Korea
mw-redirect
Later Three Kingdoms of Korea

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_Lechfeld
mw-redirect
Battle of Lechfeld

values:
/wiki/Song_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Song Dynasty

values:
/wiki/Nikephoros_II
mw-redirect
Nikephoros II

values:
/wiki/Al-Mansur_Ibn_Abi_Aamir
mw-redirect
Al-Mansur Ibn Abi Aamir

values:
/wiki/Eric_the_Red
mw-redirect
Eric the Red

values:
/wiki/Capetian_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Capetian Dynasty

values:
/wiki/Volodymyr_I_of_Kiev
mw-redirect
Volodymyr I of Kiev

values:
/wiki/Leif_Ericson
mw-redirect
Leif Ericson

values:
/wiki/Norse_exploration_of_the_Americas
mw-redirect
Norse exploration of the Americas

values:
/wiki/Canute_the_Great
mw-redirect
Canute the Great

values:
/wiki/Modern_novel
mw-redirect
Modern novel

values:
/wiki/Great_Seljuk_Empire
mw-redirect
Great Seljuk Empire

values:
/wiki/Tughril_Beg
mw-redirect
Tughril Beg

values:
/wiki/Michael_Cerularius
mw-redirect
Michael Cerularius

values:
/wiki/East-West_Schism
mw-redirect
East-West Schism

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic Church

values:
/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy
mw-redirect
Eastern Orthodoxy

values:
/wiki/Dictatus_Papae
mw-redirect
Dictatus Papae

values:
/wiki/Seljuk_Turks
mw-redirect
Seljuk Turks

values:
/wiki/Rule_of_St._Benedict
mw-redirect
Rule of St. Benedict

values:
/wiki/Arabic_medicine
mw-redirect
Arabic medicine

values:
/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(medieval)
mw-redirect
Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_Tinchebrai
mw-redirect
Battle of Tinchebrai

values:
/wiki/Edgar_Atheling
mw-redirect
Edgar Atheling

values:
/wiki/Boleslaus_III_Wrymouth
mw-redirect
Boleslaus III Wrymouth

values:
/wiki/Military_order_(society)
mw-redirect
Military order (society)

values:
/wiki/Calixtus_II
mw-redirect
Calixtus II

values:
/wiki/Lothair_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor
mw-redirect
Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor

values:
/wiki/Jingkang_Incident
mw-redirect
Jingkang Incident

values:
/wiki/Anacletus_II
mw-redirect
Anacletus II

values:
/wiki/King_Stephen_of_England
mw-redirect
King Stephen of England

values:
/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Denis
mw-redirect
Basilica of Saint Denis

values:
/wiki/Edessa,_Mesopotamia
mw-redirect
Edessa, Mesopotamia

values:
/wiki/Crusader_States
mw-redirect
Crusader States

values:
/wiki/Synod_of_Kells-Mellifont
mw-redirect
Synod of Kells-Mellifont

values:
/wiki/Notre_Dame_de_Paris
mw-redirect
Notre Dame de Paris

values:
/wiki/William_I_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
William I of Scotland

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_Dan_no_Ura
mw-redirect
Battle of Dan no Ura

values:
/wiki/Ad_Abolendam
mw-redirect
Ad Abolendam

values:
/wiki/Kamakura_Period
mw-redirect
Kamakura Period

values:
/wiki/Constance_of_Sicily
mw-redirect
Constance of Sicily

values:
/wiki/Tractatus_of_Glanvil
mw-redirect
Tractatus of Glanvil

values:
/wiki/Baldwin_I_of_Constantinople
mw-redirect
Baldwin I of Constantinople

values:
/wiki/Franciscan_Order
mw-redirect
Franciscan Order

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic

values:
/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi
mw-redirect
Saint Francis of Assisi

values:
/wiki/John_of_England
mw-redirect
John of England

values:
/wiki/Empire_of_the_Great_Khan
mw-redirect
Empire of the Great Khan

values:
/wiki/White_Horde
mw-redirect
White Horde

values:
/wiki/Rudolph_I_of_Germany
mw-redirect
Rudolph I of Germany

values:
/wiki/Friday_13th
mw-redirect
Friday 13th

values:
/wiki/Siege_of_Tenochtitlan
mw-redirect
Siege of Tenochtitlan

values:
/wiki/Treaty_of_Edinburgh-Northampton
mw-redirect
Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton

values:
/wiki/Romance_of_the_three_kingdom
mw-redirect
Romance of the three kingdom

values:
/wiki/Kenmu_restoration
mw-redirect
Kenmu restoration

values:
/wiki/Ashikaga_Shogunate
mw-redirect
Ashikaga Shogunate

values:
/wiki/August_26th
mw-redirect
August 26th

values:
/wiki/Edward,_the_Black_Prince
mw-redirect
Edward, the Black Prince

values:
/wiki/Charles_University_of_Prague
mw-redirect
Charles University of Prague

values:
/wiki/Giovanni_de_dondi
mw-redirect
Giovanni de dondi

values:
/wiki/Yuan_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Yuan Dynasty

values:
/wiki/Northern_Yuan
mw-redirect
Northern Yuan

values:
/wiki/Timurid_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Timurid Dynasty

values:
/wiki/University_of_Heidelberg
mw-redirect
University of Heidelberg

values:
/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Joseon Dynasty

values:
/wiki/Kingdom_of_Denmark
mw-redirect
Kingdom of Denmark

values:
/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sweden
mw-redirect
Kingdom of Sweden

values:
/wiki/Kingdom_of_Norway
mw-redirect
Kingdom of Norway

values:
/wiki/Ming_Dynasty
mw-redirect
Ming Dynasty

values:
/wiki/Venetian_Republic
mw-redirect
Venetian Republic

values: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2012)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Protestant_Reformation
mw-redirect
Protestant Reformation

values:
/wiki/Florentine_Republic
mw-redirect
Florentine Republic

values:
/wiki/Jan_Van_Eyck
mw-redirect
Jan Van Eyck

values:
/wiki/Cusi_Yapanqui
mw-redirect
Cusi Yapanqui

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_Sibiu
mw-redirect
Battle of Sibiu

values:
/wiki/Janos_Hunyadi
mw-redirect
Janos Hunyadi

values:
/wiki/First_Battle_of_St._Albans
mw-redirect
First Battle of St. Albans

values:
/wiki/War_of_the_Roses
mw-redirect
War of the Roses

values:
/wiki/Dardanelles_gun
mw-redirect
Dardanelles gun

values:
/wiki/Khanate_of_Crimea
mw-redirect
Khanate of Crimea

values:
/wiki/August_22nd
mw-redirect
August 22nd

values:
/wiki/Battle_of_Stoke
mw-redirect
Battle of Stoke

values:
/wiki/Spanish_America
mw-redirect
Spanish America

values:
/wiki/Spanish_Philippines
mw-redirect
Spanish Philippines

values:
/wiki/Portuguese_colonies
mw-redirect
Portuguese colonies

values:
/wiki/Timeline_of_early_modern_history
mw-redirect
Timeline of early modern history

values:
/wiki/Timeline_of_Classical_Antiquity
mw-redirect
Timeline of Classical Antiquity

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1093%2Fjts%2Fos-XXIV.93.33

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-5185

values:
nofollow
http://www.ancient.eu/Teotihuacan/
external text

values: Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://artsbma.org

values: Category:Pages with broken reference names

values: Category:Articles containing Italian-language text

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2012

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Middle_Ages
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: التسلسل الزمني للعصور الوسطى – Arabic

values: Anexo:Cronología de la Edad Media – Spanish

values: سال‌شمار قرون وسطی – Persian

values: Kalendarium historii średniowiecza – Polish

values: เส้นเวลาของยุคกลาง – Thai

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Timeline_of_the_Middle_Ages rootpage-Timeline_of_the_Middle_Ages skin-vector action-view