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Florida Highway Patrol
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Florida Highway Patrol
Abbreviation
FHP
FHP patch
FHP seal
FHP Badge
State of Florida's flag
Motto
Courtesy, Service, Protection
Agency overview
Formed
1939; 78 years ago (1939)
Preceding agencies
State Road Department (1930's)
Motor Carrier Compliance (2011)
Employees
2,475 (total)
Annual budget
$275 million (2015)
Legal personality
Governmental: Government agency
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdiction*
State of Florida, US
Map of Florida Highway Patrol's jurisdiction.
Size
65,795 square miles (170,410 km2)
Population
19,317,568 (2012 est.)
Legal jurisdiction
State of Florida
Governing body
Florida Legislature
Constituting instrument
§321.05, Florida Statutes
General nature
Law enforcement
Civilian police
Specialist jurisdictions
Highways, roads, and-or traffic.
Vehicle safety and hazardous material transport laws and regulations, licensing, registration, insurance, etc.
Operational structure
Headquarters
Neil Kirkman Building
2900 Apalachee Pkwy
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
Troopers
1,946 (authorized)
Civilians
529 (2017)
Agency executive
Colonel Gene Spaulding, Director
Parent agency
Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles
Specialized Units
List[hide]
Academy
Aviation
Auxiliary
Bureau of Criminal Investigations and Intelligence (BCII)
Contraband Interdiction Unit (CIU)
Commercial Vehicle Enforcement
Fleet & Property
Honor Guard
Mobile Field Force
Professional Compliance
Quick Response Force (QRF)
Recruitment
Special Response Team (SRT)
Traffic Homicide Investigation
Troops
List[hide]
Troop A - Panama City
Troop B - Lake CIty
Troop C - Tampa
Troop D - Orlando
Troop E - Miami
Troop F - Bradenton
Troop G - Jacksonville
Troop H - Tallahassee
Troop I - CVE North
Troop J - CVE South
Troop K - Turnpike
Troop L - Lake Worth
Facilities
Commands
12 Troops
7 Regional Communication Centers
30 District Stations
1 Statewide Training Academy
Common Vehicles
List[show]
Ford Crown Victoria
Ford Explorer Interceptor
Chevrolet Tahoe
Dodge Charger
Harley Davidson Motorcycle
Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) Vehicles
Airplanes
9
Dogs
31
[show]Notables
Person
H. Neil Kirkman (1892-1973), Army Major, for being First FHP Commander
Awards
CALEA Accreditation 2016
Commission for Florida Law Enforcement Accreditation (CFA) Accreditation 2016
Website
www.flhsmv.gov/FHP
beatrooper.com
FHP Recruiting Instagram
FHP Training Academy Facebook
Footnotes
* Divisional agency: Division of the country, over which the agency has usual operational jurisdiction. See the reference[4] below for the source of the above data.
The Florida Highway Patrol (FHP) is a division of the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles and the primary law enforcement agency charged with ensuring the safety of the highways and roads of the state.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Director of the Department of Public Safety
1.2 The first uniform
1.3 First training school
1.4 Patrol uniform
1.5 Post war
1.6 Teletype network and into the modern era
2 Duties
3 Organization
3.1 Ranks and insignia
3.2 Divisions
3.3 Special units
4 Aggressive driving enforcement
5 Employment Demographics
6 FHP vehicle color scheme
7 Duty Weapons
8 Florida Highway Patrol Auxiliary
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
History[edit]
The Department of Public Safety was created in 1939 and later in 1970 was reorganized and renamed the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. On November 21, 1930, at the request of the Chairman of the State Road Department (Florida Attorney General Cary D. Landis) to Governor Doyle E. Carlton, ruled it shall be the duty of the State Road Department to maintain the state roads and enforce the laws enacted to preserve its physical structure. The road department hired 12 weight inspectors who were placed under the supervision of the division engineers because of the ruling. This was the beginning of state law enforcement in Florida.[citation needed]
In January 1934, a Division of Traffic Enforcement was created as a result of an Attorney General's opinion indicating the division could enforce the motor vehicles laws. As a result, E. A. Shurman was appointed Traffic Inspector. The division was given a distinctive military style uniform, forest green in color.[citation needed]
In July 1936, Chairman C. B. Treadway appointed retired Army Major H. Neil Kirkman, Chief of the State Road Department's Traffic Division due to his experience in the Armed Forces associated with traffic and his background in floppy. Army Major Kirkman was the engineer supervising the construction of the Palatka Memorial Bridge over the St. Johns River.[citation needed]
When Fred P. Cone was elected Governor in 1937, as an economic move, he abolished the traffic enforcement division of the State Road Department.[citation needed]
The American Legion and the Jaycees strongly supported the idea of establishing a highway patrol to serve the needs of the motoring public. Richard (Dick) W. Ervin was the attorney for the State Road Department and his Master was Arthur B. Hale, Governor Cone's Chairman of the State Road Department.[citation needed]
In 1939, the Florida Legislature created the State Department of Public Safety with two divisions; the Florida Highway Patrol and the Division of State Motor Vehicle Drivers Licenses, under the control of Governor Fred P. Cone and Chairman of the State Road Department, Arthur B. Hale.[citation needed]
The legislation authorized 60 officers to patrol the public highways and to enforce all State laws in effect, or hereinafter enacted, regulating and governing traffic, travel and public safety upon the public highways, and providing penalties for violations thereof, including the operation, regulation and licensing of motor vehicles and drivers thereof, and other vehicles thereon, with full police power to bear arms and to arrest persons violating said laws. The beginning salary was $1,500 per year for a highway patrolmen and each year thereafter the salary would be increased $120 a year until a maximum of $2,000 a year was reached.[citation needed]
Funds for the operation of the Department were to come from the sale of driver licenses.[citation needed]
Director of the Department of Public Safety[edit]
In September 1939, W. F. Reid was appointed Director of the Department of Public Safety by Governor Fred Cone and the Chairman of the State Road Department.[citation needed]
On October 1, 1939, H. Neil Kirkman was appointed as the first Commander of the Florida Highway Patrol. Colonel Kirkman was originally from Greensboro, North Carolina but considered Palatka, Florida his home. He entered the United States Army as a Private in 1917 and was discharged as a First Lieutenant. He was a charter member of the American Legion and served as State Commander of the American Legion during 1922–1923. He worked in the construction business for many years, particularly in building bridges such as the Memorial Bridge at Palatka and the Clearwater Causeway Bridge. Colonel Kirkman laid the groundwork for what has become the motto of the Florida Highway Patrol: "Service, Courtesy, Protection".[citation needed]
The first uniform[edit]
In 1939, the uniform color for the Florida Highway Patrol was forest green. The forest green whipcord blouse had orange piping around the epaulets and shirt pockets with silver buttons carrying the State seal. There was an orange and blue shoulder patch on the left shoulder, with silver collar ornaments – FHP on the left lapel and a wheel with wings attached to each side on the right lapel signifying traffic. There was a badge, chain and whistle. The shirt was forest green with orange piping around the epaulets and shirt pockets. Trousers were forest green with 1½" black stripe. Shoes were black. In addition, each trooper was issued two pair of riding britches with 1½" black stripe and a pair of black boots for winter dress.[citation needed]
The collar ornament design is a wing and wheel similar to the insignia that appears on the Ohio State Highway Patrol cars today. The original insignias had a broken spoke in the wheel which is the origin of the term "Broken Spoke Club".[citation needed]
A black Sam Browne belt, 3" wide, with handcuff case, cartridge clip, and a swivel or swing holster carrying a .38 caliber Colt revolver on the right side, with a shoulder strap to support the revolver and other equipment, completed the body uniform.[citation needed]
The first beige Stetson, or "Campaign", hats purchased for the Patrol in 1939, were $12.50 each. The hat, was the Stetson 3X Beaver, with a 1½" orange hat band and a thin, 32" long, tan leather head strap to hold the hat in place. Before the turn of the century the Stetson 3X Beaver, as its name implies, was made from genuine beaver pelt; however, it is not known what type of fur, if any, the original FHP Stetsons were made from.[citation needed]
The uniform of the FHP and its ornaments originated with the military. The Patrol's Stetson hat design had first appeared during the Civil War, was beige in color, rounded on top instead of creased down the middle, and was worn by the officers of the Union forces. Confederate forces also wore a hat of similar design but gray in color.[citation needed]
First training school[edit]
In November, 1939, the first training school was held in Bradenton, Florida, with 40 recruits. The school was directed by Captain George Mingle of the Ohio Highway Patrol, a personal friend of Colonel Kirkman. Thirty-two recruits graduated and became troopers. Twenty troopers were issued specially equipped Ford motor vehicles and twelve were assigned Model 84 Harley-Davidson motorcycles.[citation needed]
On December 12, 1939, "Fourteen Special Autos" arrived in Bradenton for patrol use. The black and cream, two-door Ford Coaches were equipped with sirens and bulletproof windshields.[citation needed]
At this time the Patrol had no radio communication. Troopers would make regular stops at service stations or grocery stores along their routes to call in for assignments, reports of wrecks, and messages.[citation needed]
By the end of 1940, the first full year of operation, the Florida Highway Patrol had 59 officers. The State was divided into three divisions: Northern, Central and Southern. The commanding officer of each division was a Lieutenant. Since there were no district offices, all the records were kept in Tallahassee and each trooper was responsible for mailing his daily reports to Tallahassee.[citation needed]
The first year of activity included: 154,829 hours of patrol time, 1,000 accidents investigated, 29,860 hours at the station, 127 motorists killed, 1,938,564 miles (3,119,816 km) patrolled, 1,132 persons injured and 4,836 motorists arrested.[citation needed]
The 1941 legislature increased the authorized strength of the Patrol to 190 officers and the pay increased to $150 per month. In the fall, the State Road Department supplied the Division Commanders an office in their district; the Northern District was Lake City, the Central District was Bartow and the Southern District was Ft. Lauderdale.[citation needed]
In 1948, Florida received national recognition for its driver license program from the National Safety Council.[citation needed]
Patrol uniform[edit]
During Director Gilliam's administration, World War II was in progress and textile mills were using all green wool for military uniforms. Mr. Gilliam selected the army officers' purple material for the uniform trousers and britches. In 1943, the Patrol's uniform blouse was olive drab whipcord with silver buttons bearing the state seal, a patch on the left shoulder (the orange emblem with the word "Florida" spelled out), silver collar ornament "F.H.P." on the left lapel and the "Winged Wheel" ornament on the right, signifying traffic. A badge, chain, whistle, army pink trousers with a 1-inch (25 mm) black stripe from waist to hem, black riding britches, and one pair of black plain-toed riding boots completed the uniform. Instructions were to wear riding britches and boots on each Friday, Saturday and Sunday until the forest green uniforms were phased out. Also, part of the uniform was the graphite blue Stetson hat, Sam Browne 3" gun belt, plus handcuff and cartridge cases.[citation needed]
Post war[edit]
In the spring of 1951, the Patrol's use of a single shoulder patch on the right shoulder was adopted by every highway patrol and state police organization in the United States. The patch appeared in a magazine published by the Florida Peace Officers Association and soon all of Florida's law enforcement agencies adopted the idea.[citation needed]
In late 1952, the Patrol realigned the divisions. Boundaries were changed, and divisions became Troops and were designated as A, B, C, D, E, and Headquarters Troop.[citation needed]
In the beginning, while on probation, all members were classified as Patrolmen. When they completed their probation, they were classified as Patrol Officers. That changed in 1952, when the new classification for members on the Patrol was Trooper.[citation needed]
Teletype network and into the modern era[edit]
An FHP B4C Camaro.

The FHP continuously is recruiting new troopers to fill its ranks due to a lot of troopers retiring, and has posted Recruiting videos online to attract new recruits. The Florida Highway Patrol does extensive background checks for prospective employees to include polygraph, and psychological testing. New Troopers receive extensive training in accident investigations, defensive tactics,and DUI detection. FHP specializes in traffic crash investigations, and traffic homicide investigation. Although they can and will assist other law enforcement agencies with criminal investigations, FHP is primarily traffic and are experts in Crash Investigations, and traffic enforcement. FHP is often called to assist smaller agencies with traffic crashes that result in death or serious injury, due to their having resources where smaller agencies do not.
The Office of Motor Carrier Compliance officially transitioned from the Florida Department of Transportation to the Florida Highway Patrol division of the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles on July 1, 2011.[5]
Duties[edit]
The Florida Highway Patrol enforces motor vehicle and commercial vehicle laws and is charged with investigating motor vehicle accidents that occur on the state's Interstate highways and on all roadways within unincorporated areas of the state.[6]
In practice, the FHP's responsibility to investigate accidents in unincorporated areas of the state varies based on the policies and procedures of each county's Sheriff's office; most county sheriff's offices will investigate certain crashes in lieu of the Patrol, with some (like Broward), investigating the majority of crashes within its unincorporated area.[7] Other sheriff's offices, such as Orange, Escambia and those in rural counties leave unincorporated area crash investigations entirely to the FHP.[7]
Organization[edit]
The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles directs the FHP.[citation needed]
The director of the Florida Highway Patrol holds the rank of colonel. The organization has six bureaus:[citation needed] The Patrol has one Deputy Director who holds the rank of Lt. Colonel who works under the direction of the Colonel, who directly oversees the Six Bureaus within the patrol which includes, Patrol operations (North/South), Special Operations, Special services/Support Services, Commercial Motor Vehicle, Bureau of Investigation, Technology and Professional Compliance.
Bureau of Field Operations North and West (troops A, B, C, F, and H)
Bureau of Field Operations South and East (troops D, E, G, K and L);
Bureau of Special Operations (training and leadership, program planning, fleet and property, accreditation and policy, aviation, employee selection, recruitment, background investigation, polygraph, and budget)
Bureau of Law Enforcement Support Services (EOC/domestic security, communications, lieutenant governor aide-de-camp, inspections, Auxiliary and Reserve, technology and communications, contraband interdiction, and traffic homicide)
Bureau of Motor Carrier Compliance (commercial vehicle safety inspections)
Bureau of Investigations.
The Bureau of Investigations is commanded by a major, while the other four bureaus are each commanded by a Chief. The Nine field troops are commanded by personnel with the rank of major, which are divided by regions geographically located across the state. A tenth troop handles the Florida Turnpike operations.[citation needed]
Troops are subdivided into 30 district headquarters, each commanded by a captain. Florida Highway Patrol officers are called "State Troopers".[citation needed]
The FHP and its troopers are state law enforcement officers, and as such are considered police officers. They have the power to enforce Florida state law and make arrests.
The function of the FHP is to the safety of State Roads, U.S. Highways, and Interstate Highways in Florida. Florida has an investigative department, the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, analogous to the FBI.[citation needed]
In addition to the FHP, Florida's highways were patrolled by the Florida Department of Transportation's Office of Motor Carrier Compliance (MCCO), a state law enforcement agency responsible for commercial vehicle laws in the state. As of July 1, 2011, the Office of Motor Carrier Compliance officially transitioned from the Florida Department of Transportation to the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles’ Division of the Florida Highway Patrol as a bureau. The consolidation is a result of Senate Bill 2160, passed by lawmakers during the 2011 Legislative Session, and places the commercial vehicle licensing, registrations, fuel permits, and enforcement all under the purview of DHSMV.[citation needed]
The FHP was created in 1939 with 60 uniformed officers.[citation needed]
There have been 41 state troopers killed in the line of duty since its founding: 19 died by gunshot, 17 in automobile crashes, five in aircraft crashes, and one in an explosion. The authorized strength of the FHP is 2360: 1813 sworn, 547 non-sworn.[citation needed]
The FHP Reserve consists of 110 volunteer members who have the authority to bear arms and make arrests but receive no compensation.[citation needed]
Ranks and insignia[edit]
[citation needed]
Rank
Insignia
Colonel
Lieutenant Colonel
Chief Custom Image Not Available
Major
Captain
Lieutenant
Sergeant
Corporal/Traffic Homicide Investigator
Trooper/Auxiliary Trooper
Recruit
[8]
Divisions[edit]
Investigations:[citation needed]
One Chief of Investigations
Four Captains (three Captains are regional commanders over the Northern, Central and Southern Regions)
Twenty-seven Lieutenants
Ten Sergeants
Three Corporals
Nine Troopers.
Details: There are 54 sworn and 11 non-sworn personnel assigned to the Bureau of Investigations. These officers conduct investigations on auto theft, driver license theft and fraud, title fraud, odometer fraud, and other criminal activities statewide. During fiscal year 2000/2001, 153 stolen vehicles, valued at $2,414,664, were recovered; 13 vehicles valued at $94,500 were seized; 289 warrants were issued; and 174 arrests for criminal activity were made. The Bureau also conducted 63 professional compliance cases, 954 criminal Investigations, 26 division cases and 19 internal review cases for other divisions within the department.
Public Information/Safety Education:[citation needed]
One Major
Twelve Lieutenants
Recruitment:[citation needed]
One Captain (assigned as Chief Recruitment Officer and responsible for coordinating the recruitment program)
Six Regional Recruitment Officers (stationed throughout the state)
Background/Selection:[citation needed]
One Lieutenant (Chief Background Investigator)
One Sergeant (Assistant Chief Background Investigator)
Details: Thirteen full-time background investigators are assigned throughout the state assisted by FHP personnel in their local troop as needed. This section is responsible for all pre-employment testing and screening of all applicants for the positions of state trooper and community service officer. This screening consists of pre-employment written testing, physical abilities testing, polygraph, eye examination, physical examination, psychological screening, background investigation and drug screening. This section is also charged with the responsibility of handling requests for assistance from other law enforcement agencies throughout the country in conducting background investigations on applicants with their agency.
Inspections:[citation needed]
One Chief (incl. a staff assistant)
Three Inspectors (with rank of Captain)
One Captain and one Lieutenant (responsible for the Grants, Accreditation, and Policy (GAP) Section)
Details: The Office of Inspections, established in 1995, is responsible to the Director and represents his office while conducting staff inspections throughout the Patrol. GAP is responsible for the Division's Policy development and management, is the Accreditation Manager for the Florida (CFA) and National (CALEA) Accreditation programs and manages the Division's financial grant acquisitions. Additionally, a total of seventeen Inspectors-in-Place (IIP) representing all ten Troops and GHQ, formally trained, assist the permanent Inspectors on a need basis during the staff inspection of field and GHQ units.
Motor Carrier Compliance[citation needed]
Formerly Florida Department of Transportation-Office of Motor Carrier Compliance (MCCO)-Commercial Vehicle Enforcement:
Otherwise known as Florida’s commercial vehicle enforcement agency, headed by its director, Colonel David Dees, MCCO mainly comprises sworn law enforcement officers and civilian weight inspectors. Similar to state troopers, MCCO officers are certified (e.g. police academy trained), armed and have full statewide law enforcement authority including powers of arrest. Primary duties include but are not limited to:[citation needed]
Issuing traffic citations pursuant to state motor vehicle laws
Reviewing operator logbooks and inspecting their vehicles to ensure they are in compliance with FDOT and US DOT regulations
Verifying operator possesses valid CDL and hazardous materials permit (if applicable)
Providing supplemental support to local law enforcement agencies during emergency situations
Although their primary focus is on commercial vehicles, MCCO officers can (and will) stop non-commercial drivers when serious infractions are observed.
The Office of Motor Carrier Compliance officially transitioned from the Florida Department of Transportation to the Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles’ Division of the Florida Highway Patrol on July 1, 2011. The consolidation is a result of Senate Bill 2160, passed by lawmakers during the 2011 Legislative Session, and places the commercial vehicle licensing, registrations, fuel permits, and enforcement all under the purview of DHSMV.[citation needed]
Motor Carrier Compliance officers will be “troopers”. Motor Carrier Compliance troopers’ uniforms will include the FHP patch beginning July 1. MCC troopers also will wear a Florida Highway Patrol badge. They will continue to perform commercial vehicle safety inspections and to weigh commercial vehicles with portable scales at various locations around the state, in addition to FDOT weigh stations on Florida’s highways. Motor Carrier Compliance vehicles will replace the FDOT seal with the FHP seal on door panels. The vehicles will bear the FHP license plates, too. Through attrition, motorists will eventually see more FHP black and tan vehicles patrolling Florida roadways.[citation needed]
Special units[edit]
A state trooper supervising the cleanup of a traffic accident in Troop C.
Usually after two years on the Patrol, troopers are eligible to join a specialized unit. Trooper training is tough, but new troopers can work anywhere in the State of Florida after recruit training .
The Traffic Homicide Investigations Unit was created in 1967 to meet the Florida Highway Patrol's need for comprehensive investigation into the circumstances resulting in all traffic-related deaths in Florida. The unit consists of 168 full-time investigators, divided into 23 squads statewide. According to the FHP during the period of July 1, 2000 to June 30, 2001, the Patrol investigated 1,728 fatal traffic crashes.[citation needed]
The Drug Interdiction Program includes advanced training of all sworn personnel in drug identification and use detection as well as search and seizure laws, use of FHP Aircraft for observation of marijuana fields during routine flight duties; drug detection canines; drug interdiction teams; and utilization of fiber optic scopes to locate concealed compartments.[citation needed]
The Drug Interdiction Teams are 20 felony teams, with 50 specially trained troopers designated as felony officers and canine handlers. Each felony team consists of two troopers and one canine, and is assigned to patrol the Interstate Highway System and other major highways throughout the state in order to interdict drug trafficking. Currently, the interdiction program has 31 dogs, 11 fiber optic scopes, and 22 BUSTER drug detection devices.[citation needed]
The Florida Highway Patrol Flight Section pilots flew 3481.8 total flight hours during FY 00/001 (July 2000 to June 2001). Of these total flight hours, 1721.9 were flown over speed check zones producing 30,967 arrests. This is an average of 18.0 arrests per hour. The total cost to operate these aircraft during FY 00/01 was $212,472.14, with an average of $61.02 per hour. The total revenue generated by the aircraft was $3,870,875.00, an average of $125.00 per citation.[citation needed]
The Armored Personnel Carriers are three armored personnel carriers that were acquired by the Florida Highway Patrol from the Department of Management Services, Bureau of Federal Property Assistance in November 1998. The fully functional units were acquired for a total of $1500. These military surplus V-150 carriers have been re-painted courtesy of the Apalachee Correctional Institution at an average cost of $260.34 per unit, and now display the Florida Highway Patrol colors and seal. The units are strategically placed throughout the state—one each in Troop D (Orlando), Troop E (Miami), and Troop G (Jacksonville)—as a means of providing support in the case of high-risk emergency situations.[citation needed]
The patrol's three Mobile Command Units are stationed in Jacksonville (Troop G), Orlando (Troop D), and Miami (Troop E). On February 3, 1999, the Jacksonville Transportation Authority leased a 1986 surplus bus to the FHP for $1 a year. This vehicle was painted by the JTA in FHP's color scheme, complete with decals and lettering, and is used as a mobile command center for natural disasters and other emergencies in north Florida. The Patrol was responsible for outfitting the bus interior with appropriate communications and other support systems. The Broward County Transit Authority entered into a similar partnership with Dade County FHP. Troop E's Mobile Command Center came into service in 1997. The bus was donated by the Broward County Transit Department. The equipment used in the conversion was mostly donated. Bell South donated the wiring and phone system, and South Florida I.M.P.A.C.T. donated the money to purchase the many other items such as computers and printers needed to equip this mobile command center. The total cost was approximately $60,000.00 dollars. In 2000, Troop D's command center was ready to help with special details and emergencies that arise in the central region of the state. The 1990 VanHool Bus was confiscated in the panhandle after it was found to have been used to transport drugs such as pot, heroin and crack. This command post is utilized in coordinating special details such as Black College Reunion, Bike Week, and Race Week.[citation needed]
Civilian Community Service Officers are stationed in the Tampa Bay area and the Orlando area, with 14 in Hillsborough County, 14 in Pinellas County and four in Orange County. These non-sworn officer positions are responsible for responding to, and investigating minor crashes where there are no criminal charges involved, and providing assistance to stranded motorists. Community Service Officers are not armed, nor do they have any arrest authority. They wear a distinctive colored uniform, which consists of a white shirt with FHP patches and black trousers. As of Feb. 23rd 2010 they were all brought into Troop C headquarters and told they would be out of a job in September, the program is officially over.[citation needed]
Reaction Force teams provide rapid assistance to areas of the state affected by hurricanes or other natural disasters, the Patrol has Reaction Force Teams. These teams are deployed to disaster areas. There are eight teams, each consisting of one lieutenant, three sergeants and 21 troopers or corporals for a total of 25.[citation needed]
Motorcycle squads include 47 motorcycles for traffic enforcement and crash investigations. Ten motorcycles are assigned to Troop C (Tampa) and 11 each are assigned to Dade, Duval, Orange,and Palm Beach counties.[citation needed]
The five Tactical Response Teams (TRT), similar to SWAT, consisting of members specially trained in crowd control, weapons, tactical maneuvers, building searches, service of arrest warrants, and other special techniques.[citation needed]
Aggressive driving enforcement[edit]
In response to the growing problem of "Aggressive Driving", the Florida Highway Patrol launched a selective traffic enforcement campaign in South Florida called "Eye on 95". The program was piloted in Miami-Dade (Miami metro) and Broward (Ft. Lauderdale) counties using two confiscated Jeep Grand Cherokees equipped with grant-funded in-car video equipment, radar, laser, and other speed measuring devices. The Jeeps are designated as observation vehicles, and work with second vehicles that are standard issue marked or unmarked Florida Highway Patrol cars. These vehicles are designated as the enforcement vehicles, and are utilized to overtake the violator upon receiving information from the observation vehicle. The enforcement vehicle conducts the traffic stop of the violator and takes enforcement action for the team. As a result of this successful pilot project, similar aggressive driving enforcement programs have been developed in all other areas of the state.[citation needed]
Employment Demographics[edit]
In 1979, a federal lawsuit filed against the State of Florida by the United States Department of Justice alleging race and sex discrimination in employment by the Florida Highway Patrol, the State entered into a settlement with the Justice Department. The settlement was incorporated into a Consent Decree entered by the Federal Court for the Northern District of Florida on July 12, 1979. The Consent Decree required the Patrol to hire more minorities and women.[9]
As of 2000, the FHP's demographics were:[10]
Gender:
Male: 90%
Female: 10%
Race:
White: 75%
African American/Black: 14%
Hispanic: 10%
Asian: 1%
FHP vehicle color scheme[edit]
The color scheme of black and tan (cream) has no correlation with the road color or the grass color. The traditional color scheme is unique to the FHP and has long been utilized on FHP patrol vehicles. Florida law makes it a misdemeanor crime to cause a vehicle or motorcycle to be the same or similar colors as prescribed by FHP.[11] A 1998 Legislative review determined the paint added $657 to the purchase of each vehicle. Prior to the vehicles being decommissioned, the Patrol defaces the cars so that they cannot be misconstrued as official law enforcement vehicles. The defaced, two-tone paint reduces each car's resale value by approximately $400.[12]
Duty Weapons[edit]
In 2010, FHP adopted the GLOCK 37 Gen4 sidearm for uniformed members and the subcompact GLOCK 39 for specialty assignments, both in .45 G.A.P.[13]
From the 1990s-2010, FHP issued the Beretta 96G .40 semi-auto sidearm. Just prior to the Beretta 96G .40, FHP issued Beretta 92F 9mm sidearm.
Florida Highway Patrol Auxiliary[edit]
The Florida Highway Patrol is authorized by Florida law to have an Auxiliary force. The Auxiliary personnel are volunteers who dedicate a minimum number of hours on a part-time, but regularly recurring basis to supplement the Florida Highway Patrol in its legislated duties. The maximum number of auxiliary personnel is limited by law. Auxiliary personnel receive no individual wages, health or insurance benefits, and may not work as auxiliary troopers for compensation (e.g. off duty employment).[14][15]
Just as with any Florida law enforcement officer, auxiliary personnel who wish to be considered for a traditional Auxiliary trooper position must meet minimum statutory qualification criteria.[16][17] Additionally, auxiliary members must successfully meet other requirements including submitting a State of Florida application and fingerprints, undergoing a background investigation, passing mandated Florida Department of Law Enforcement (FDLE) and agency law enforcement training requirements. Once certified, Auxiliary troopers are Florida certified auxiliary law enforcement officers.[18] State law provides that while serving under the supervision and direction of a full-time trooper, auxiliary troopers have the power to bear arms and make arrests.[14] The supervision and direction of a full-time trooper may come in the form being present at the scene or in radio contact with the auxiliary trooper.[15][19] Auxiliary troopers wear agency issued sidearms, and similar but slightly distinctive trooper uniforms.
The Auxiliary is overseen by a high ranking full-time command staff member of the Florida Highway Patrol who acts as the auxiliary coordinator. Throughout the state, each auxiliary unit is supervised by a full-time member who comes under the purview of the troop commander within each troop.
Auxiliary duties include: patrolling the highways of the state, assisting motorists, participating in vehicle equipment and license checkpoints, operating the mobile Breath Alcohol Testing (BAT) Unit, and participating in specialized events or details relevant to traffic related matter.[15][20]
See also[edit]
Florida portal
Law enforcement/Law enforcement topics portal
State police
State patrol
Highway patrol
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "HSMV FY15-16 Annual Performance Report" (PDF). www.flhsmv.gov. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Jump up ^ FDLE (2014). "Florida Criminal Justice Agency Profile 2014". www.fdle.state.fl.us. Florida Department of Law Enforcement. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/12000.html 2012 U. S. Census Bureau Population Estimate, Florida
Jump up ^ [1][2][3]
Jump up ^ "Motor Carrier Compliance officers become 'troopers' July 1" (PDF) (Press release). Florida Highway Patrol. June 29, 2011. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Jurisdiction of the Florida Highway Patrol
^ Jump up to: a b Jurisdiction of the Florida Highway Patrol, pages 8 and 28.
Jump up ^ Rank Structure
Jump up ^ "FHP in the 1970s: Consent Decree". www.flhsmv.gov. September 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, 2000: Data for Individual State and Local Agencies with 100 or More Officers Archived June 4, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ § 321.02, Fla. Stat. (2010)
Jump up ^ Vaughn, Linda; Estes, Anna (1999). Report 98-87 Justification Review: Florida Highway Patrol (PDF). The Florida Monitor: Office of Program Policy Analysis and Government Accountability (OPPAGA): An Office of the Florida Legislature. p. 16.
Jump up ^ "Inside the Fast-Paced Florida Highway Patrol". Tactical Life Gun Magazine: Gun News and Gun Reviews. Retrieved 2016-03-31.
^ Jump up to: a b § 321.24, Fla. Stat. (2007) Members of an auxiliary to Florida Highway Patrol
^ Jump up to: a b c "FHP Policy - Auxiliary 18.02" (PDF). www.flhsmv.gov/fhp/Manuals. 14 January 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
Jump up ^ § 943.13, Fla. Stat. (2013) Officers’ minimum qualifications for employment or appointment.
Jump up ^ Fla. Admin. Code R. 11B-35.003 (2014) Basic recruit training program requirements for auxiliary law enforcement training.
Jump up ^ "FDLE Curriculum Training Programs". Florida Department of Law Enforcement. Retrieved 1 September 2015.
Jump up ^ § 943.10(8), Fla. Stat. (2007) Definitions for s 943.085-943.255: Auxiliary law enforcement officer means in part - "...has authority to arrest and perform law enforcement functions."
Jump up ^ "FHP Policy - Drivers License and Vehicle Inspection Checkpoints 17.07" (PDF). www.flhsmv.gov/fhp/Manuals. Florida Highway Patrol. 17 December 2015. p. 4. Retrieved 10 January 2016.
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Law enforcement agencies of Florida
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[show]
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[show]
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American Capitalist
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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American Capitalist
Studio album by Five Finger Death Punch
Released
October 11, 2011 (2011-10-11)
Recorded
2010–2011 at The Hideout studios, Las Vegas, Nevada
Genre
Groove metal,[1] alternative metal, hard rock
Length
40:13
Label
Prospect Park
Producer
Kevin Churko
Five Finger Death Punch chronology
War Is the Answer
(2009) American Capitalist
(2011) The Wrong Side of Heaven and the Righteous Side of Hell, Volume 1
(2013)
Singles from American Capitalist
"Under and Over It"
Released: July 27, 2011
"Back for More"
Released: September 13, 2011
"Remember Everything"
Released: November 2011
"Coming Down"
Released: April 24, 2012
"The Pride"
Released: October 16, 2012
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
About.com [2]
Allmusic [1]
Artistdirect [3]
Loudwire [4]
PopMatters 5/10[5]
Rock Sound 8/10[6]
American Capitalist is the third studio album by the American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch, released on October 11, 2011.[7] It is the band's first album not to feature bassist Matt Snell, as he departed from the band in December 2010.[8] The first single from the album entitled "Under and Over It", was released on July 27, 2011.[9] The album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and sold more than 90,000 copies in the first week of release.[10] In September 2012, the album was certified gold by the RIAA with sales of at least 500,000 copies.[11] In 2012, the album won a RadioContraband Rock Radio Award for Album of the Year, and the single Coming Down won the award for Song of the Year.[12] As of 2017, the album was certified platinum by the RIAA.
Contents
[hide]
1 Singles
1.1 Under and Over It
1.2 The Pride
2 Track listing
3 Personnel
4 Charts
4.1 Album
4.2 Singles
5 Certifications
6 References
Singles[edit]
Six singles have been released from the album, "Under and Over It", "Back for More", "Remember Everything", "Coming Down", "The Pride", and "The Tragic Truth".
Under and Over It[edit]
Main article: Under and Over It
After its release as a single, "Under and Over It" enjoyed significant success. Its highest charted position on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart was fifth; it reached 20th on the U.S. Rock Songs chart; and even appeared on the Billboard Hot 100. From July through November of 2011, the song was also the #1 song on Sirius-XM radio's Octane channel.
The Pride[edit]
Main article: The Pride (Five Finger Death Punch song)
"The Pride" is the third track on the album,[13] and is often considered a list song. In an interview, guitarist Zoltan Bathory clarified the meaning of the song. "You can be a zebra or join the lion pride. You have to rebel against your circumstances, laziness and mediocrity — not the system."[14]
Track listing[edit]
All tracks written by Ivan Moody, Zoltan Bathory, Jason Hook, Jeremy Spencer and Kevin Churko, except where noted
Standard Edition and Disc 1 of Deluxe Edition.
No.
Title
Length
1. "American Capitalist" 3:28
2. "Under and Over It" 3:38
3. "The Pride" 3:23
4. "Coming Down" 4:01
5. "Menace" 3:31
6. "Generation Dead" 3:43
7. "Back for More" 3:22
8. "Remember Everything" 4:38
9. "Wicked Ways" 3:07
10. "If I Fall" 3:56
11. "100 Ways to Hate" 3:21
Total length: 40:13
[show]iTunes edition
No.
Title
Length
12. "The Tragic Truth" 3:55
[show]iTunes deluxe edition
No.
Title
Length
12. "Under and Over It" (remix) 3:56
13. "The Pride" (remix) 3:24
14. "Remember Everything" (remix) 4:50
15. "100 Ways to Hate" (remix) 3:11
16. "The Tragic Truth" 3:55
17. "Under and Over It" (music video) 4:04
[show]2-disc edition
No.
Title
Length
12. "Under and Over It" (remix) 3:56
13. "The Pride" (remix) 3:24
14. "Remember Everything" (remix) 4:50
15. "100 Ways to Hate" (remix) 3:11
Total length: 15:22
[show]Japanese Edition
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
12. "A New Level" (Pantera Cover) Pantera 4:00
Personnel[edit]
Five Finger Death Punch
Zoltan Bathory – rhythm guitar
Jason Hook – lead guitar, backing vocals
Ivan Moody – vocals
Jeremy Spencer – drums
Chris Kael - bass, backing vocals
Additional personnel
Kevin Churko – production,[15] engineering, mixing, mastering, bass[16]
"Mr. Kane" Churko – engineering,[15] remixing[17] and co-wrote "Remember Everything"[18][19]
Charts[edit]
Album[edit]
Chart (2011–2012)
Peak
position
Canadian Albums[20] 6
Finnish Albums Chart[21] 14
UK Albums Chart[22] 57
US Billboard 200[23] 3
US Digital Albums[24] 2
US Independent Albums[23] 1
US Rock Albums[23] 2
US Hard Rock Albums[23] 2
Year-end charts
Chart (2011)
Position
U.S. Billboard 200 191[25]
Singles[edit]
Year
Title
Peak chart positions
US
Alt.
US
Main.[26]
US
Rock
Rock Airplay
2011 "Under and Over It" 31 6 20 —
"Back for More" - - - —
"Remember Everything" 25 2 9 —
2012 "Coming Down" — 1[27] 14 —
"The Pride" - 12 - 47
[28]
"—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that country.
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United States (RIAA)[29]
Platinum 1,000,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Heaney, Gregory (2011-10-11). "American Capitalist [Clean] - Five Finger Death Punch". AllMusic. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
Jump up ^ Jervis, Marcus. "Five Finger Death Punch - American Capitalist Review". About.com. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch "American Capitalist" Review — 5 out of 5 stars - ARTISTdirect News". Artistdirect.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch, 'American Capitalist' – Album Review". Loudwire.com. 2011-10-10. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
Jump up ^ Colgan, Chris (2012-02-10). "Five Finger Death Punch: American Capitalist". PopMatters. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
Jump up ^ Bezer, Terry (2011-10-21). "FIVE FINGER DEATH PUNCH - AMERICAN CAPITALIST". Rock Sound. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch will go 'Under It and Over It' with new single premiere". KikAxeMusic. Corpka Entertainment. July 26, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2011. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch Officially Confirms Bassist's Exit". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner Records. April 29, 2011. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch Announce New Single and Debut Date, Reveal Single Art!". Revolver. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Evanescence Nets Second No. 1 Album on Billboard 200 Chart". Billboard.com. 2009-09-14. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch's American Capitalist GOES GOLD!!!". Five Finger Death Punch. 2011-10-11. Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
Jump up ^ http://radiocontraband.com/2012-radiocontraband-rock-radio-award-winners/
Jump up ^ Heaney, Gregory (2011-10-11). "American Capitalist review at ''Allmusic''". Allmusic.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
Jump up ^ "FIVE FINGER DEATH PUNCH: More 'American Capitalist' Details Revealed". Roadrunnerrecords.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30. [permanent dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b "American Capitalist [Clean] - Five Finger Death Punch". AllMusic. 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch Drummer Jeremy Spencer Talks 'American Capitalist'". Flint's Rock Radio. Retrieved August 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ "American Capitalist [Deluxe Edition] - Five Finger Death Punch". AllMusic. 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-29. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
Jump up ^ "Cadium - News". Cadiummusic.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch: American Capitalist" (in Finnish). IFPI.fi. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch UK Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "American Capitalist - Five Finger Death Punch". Billboard. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch - Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
Jump up ^ "Best of 2011 - Billboard Top 200". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved December 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Five Finger Death Punch – Chart History: Mainstream Rock Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Mainstream Rock Songs chart, week of September 1, 2012". Billboard. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Obtained November 25, 2012
Jump up ^ "American album certifications – Five Finger Death Punch – American Capitalist". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved December 14, 2017. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
[show]
v
t
e
Five Finger Death Punch
Zoltan Bathory
Jeremy Spencer
Ivan Moody
Jason Hook
Chris Kael
Caleb Bingham
Darrell Roberts
Matt Snell
Studio albums
The Way of the Fist (2007)
War Is the Answer (2009)
American Capitalist (2011)
The Wrong Side of Heaven and the Righteous Side of Hell, Volume 1 (2013)
The Wrong Side of Heaven and the Righteous Side of Hell, Volume 2 (2013)
Got Your Six (2015)
And Justice for None (2018)
Compilation albums
A Decade of Destruction (2017)
Singles
"The Bleeding"
"Never Enough"
"Stranger than Fiction"
"Hard to See"
"Walk Away"
"Dying Breed"
"No One Gets Left Behind"
"Bad Company"
"Far from Home"
"Under and Over It"
"Back for More"
"Remember Everything"
"Coming Down"
"The Pride"
"Lift Me Up"
"Battle Born"
"House of the Rising Sun"
"Wrong Side of Heaven"
"Jekyll and Hyde"
"Wash It All Away"
"My Nemesis"
"Gone Away"
Related articles
Discography
Invidia
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Capitalist&oldid=835462656"
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Five Finger Death Punch albums
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