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Mrs. Doubtfire
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Mrs. Doubtfire
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Chris Columbus
Produced by
Marsha Garces Williams
Robin Williams
Mark Radcliffe
Screenplay by
Randi Mayem Singer
Leslie Dixon
Based on
Alias Madame Doubtfire
by Anne Fine
Starring
Robin Williams
Sally Field
Pierce Brosnan
Harvey Fierstein
Robert Prosky
Music by
Howard Shore
Cinematography
Donald McAlpine
Edited by
Raja Gosnell
Production
company
Blue Wolf Productions
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
November 24, 1993 (1993-11-24) (United States)
Running time
125 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$25 million[1]
Box office
$441.3 million[1]
Mrs. Doubtfire is a 1993 American comedy-drama film directed by Chris Columbus and written for the screen by Randi Mayem Singer and Leslie Dixon, based on the novel Alias Madame Doubtfire by Anne Fine. It stars Robin Williams (who also served as a co-producer), Sally Field, Pierce Brosnan, Harvey Fierstein, and Robert Prosky. It follows a recently divorced actor who dresses up as a female housekeeper to be able to interact with his children. The film addresses themes of divorce, separation, and the effect they have on a family.
The film was released in the United States on November 24, 1993.[2] It won the Academy Award for Best Makeup[3] and the Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy. Robin Williams was awarded the Golden Globe for Best Actor.
Although the film received mixed reviews during its original theatrical run, more recent reviews have been much more positive: the film placed 67th in the American Film Institute's "AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs" list and 40th on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies of All Time." The original music score was composed by Howard Shore.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Deleted scenes
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical reception
5.3 Accolades
6 Cancelled sequel
7 Stage adaptation
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Daniel Hillard is a freelance voice actor in San Francisco. Although he is a devoted father to his three children Lydia, Chris, and Natalie, his wife Miranda considers him unreliable. One day, Daniel quits his job after a disagreement over a script and returns home to throw a birthday party for Chris despite Miranda's objections. Miranda gets angry and files for divorce, and the judge grants sole custody of the children to her, but tells Daniel if he can find a steady job and a suitable residence within three months, he and Miranda can share joint custody.
Daniel works to rebuild his life, getting a menial job at a local television station, and learns that Miranda is seeking a housekeeper to watch over the children. He secretly alters her classified ad form to keep other interested people away, and then uses his voice acting skills to call Miranda about the job, making them all undesirable applicants. He finally calls Miranda as a Scottish-accented nanny, whom he calls Mrs. Euphegenia Doubtfire, with strong credentials. Miranda is impressed and invites her for an interview. Daniel gets help from his brother Frank, a makeup artist, and Frank's partner Jack, to create a Mrs. Doubtfire costume, including a prosthetic mask to make him appear as an older woman.
Miranda hires Mrs. Doubtfire after the impressive interview. Upon returning to the apartment, Mrs Doubtfire is met by Mrs. Sellner, Daniel's court liaison, hoping to see Daniel and carry out her inspection of the apartment. This results in Daniel changing in and out of the Mrs. Doubtfire costume to meet Mrs. Sellner's needs, which ultimately leads at one point to Daniel's mask flying out the window, then gets squashed by a garbage truck. He cleverly conceals his face by donning a "facial mask" from cake frosting in his fridge. Frank and Jack quickly make him a new and slightly older mask.
The children initially struggle with Mrs. Doubtfire's ways, but soon come around and thrive, and further, Miranda learns to become closer with her children. Daniel, as Mrs. Doubtfire, learns several household skills as part of the role, further improving himself. However, this has created another barrier for Daniel to see his children, as Miranda has put more trust into Mrs. Doubtfire than him, and she could never dismiss her. One night, Lydia and Chris discover Daniel's ploy, and while thrilled to have their father back, agree to keep his secret.
While working at the station, Daniel is seen by the station's CEO Jonathan Lundy playing with toy dinosaurs on the set of a cancelled children's show. Impressed by his voice acting and imagination, Lundy invites Daniel for a dinner to discuss giving him his own children's show to host. Daniel discovers this is to be on the same night and time as a planned birthday dinner for Miranda by her new boyfriend Stu Dunmeyer at the same restaurant, to which Mrs. Doubtfire has also been invited. Unable to change either appointment, Daniel decides to change in and out of the Mrs. Doubtfire costume to attend both events. Daniel eventually gets drunk on whisky and starts making mistakes after changing in and out of costume, leading him to return to Lundy while in his costume by accident and quickly claim that "Mrs. Doubtfire" is his idea for the show. Stu starts choking on his dinner (after Daniel seasons Stu's meal with pepper, which Stu is allergic to), and Daniel, as Mrs. Doubtfire, gives him the Heimlich maneuver. The action causes the prosthetic mask to peel half off his face, revealing his identity, and horrifying Miranda.
At their next custody hearing, Daniel explains about how he met the judge's requirements as well as his actions. The judge is touched by Daniel's words, but also disturbed by his actions, and grants Miranda full custody, with Daniel having limited to supervised Saturday visitation. Without Mrs. Doubtfire, Miranda and her children become miserable, recognizing how much Mrs. Doubtfire improved their lives. They are surprised when the local station starts a new children's show Euphegenia's House which Daniel, as Mrs. Doubtfire, hosts. The show becomes a hit and starts airing across the country.
Miranda visits Daniel on set, admitting they were happier when he was involved, and agrees to change the custody rights. Soon after, Miranda and Daniel begin sharing joint custody, allowing Daniel to see the kids every day after school, essentially what he was able to do as Mrs. Doubtfire. As Daniel takes the kids out, Miranda watches an episode of Euphegenia's House where Mrs. Doubtfire answers a letter from a young girl whose parents have separated, saying it doesn't matter what arrangements families have, they will always love their children.
Cast[edit]
Robin Williams as Daniel Hillard/Euphegenia Doubtfire
Sally Field as Miranda Hillard
Pierce Brosnan as Stu Dunmeyer
Harvey Fierstein as Frank Hillard
Polly Holliday as Gloria Cheney
Lisa Jakub as Lydia Hillard
Matthew Lawrence as Chris Hillard
Mara Wilson as Natalie Hillard
Robert Prosky as Mr. Jonathan Lundy
Anne Haney as Mrs. Sellner
Scott Capurro as Jack
Sydney Walker as Bus Driver
Martin Mull as Justin Gregory
Terence McGovern as ADR Director Lou
William Newman as Mr. Sprinkles
Production[edit]
The San Francisco house used for exterior shots of the film, photographed several days after Robin Williams's death. A fan-made tribute to Williams can be seen at its front steps.
Chicago was the studio's first choice for filming. However, as two new television series (ER and Chicago Hope) had a lease with the city during the subsequent time period, production was relocated to San Francisco. Various locations in the city were used during filming. Parts were filmed at the studios of television station KTVU in Oakland. Street signs for the intersection near the "Painted Lady" home, Steiner, and Broadway, were visible onscreen.
The exact address 2640 Steiner Street 37°47′38.07″N 122°26′10.78″W / 37.7939083°N 122.4363278°W / 37.7939083; -122.4363278 became a tourist attraction for some time after the film's release.[4] Following Williams's death by suicide on August 11, 2014, the house became an impromptu memorial.[5] All interior filming for the home took place in a Bay Area warehouse converted for sound stage usage. Williams's character, Daniel Hillard, lived upstairs from Danilo Bakery at 516 Green Street; his children attended a school at Filbert and Taylor.
The makeup for Mrs. Doubtfire's appearance took four hours to apply.[6] Williams later recounted how he used to walk through San Francisco dressed in full makeup and costume as Mrs. Euphegenia Doubtfire, and on one occasion, visiting a sex shop to buy a large dildo and other toys.[7] The restaurant scene was filmed at Bridges Restaurant & Bar, in Danville, California.[8]
The score was composed, orchestrated, and conducted by Howard Shore.[citation needed]
Release[edit]
The film was released in the United States on November 24, 1993, and was rated PG-13.[9]
In January 1994, when released in the United Kingdom, the film received a certificate of 12 which, at the time, completely refused access to children under the age of 12 at cinemas. This resulted in cinemas requesting their local authorities to override the decision of the British Board of Film Classification, after having to turn down disappointed families. In February 1994, The Independent reported that the censors refused to give the film a U or PG certificate, and gave it a 12 instead, which was due to 20th Century Fox refusing to remove three controversial lines.[10]
After the film's distributors requested the BBFC to reconsider a compromise was reached in which the film was re-rated PG, with the thirteen seconds of sexual innuendos cut, and it was re-released in May 1994. The cut version was also used in subsequent VHS and DVD releases in the United Kingdom. In November 2012 the distributors resubmitted the uncut version to the BBFC and the 12 certificate was reinstated for home video along with a 12A certificate for cinema release in 2014.[11][12] On March 4, 2013, the uncut version was released on Blu-ray and downloads in the United Kingdom.
Deleted scenes[edit]
Over 30 minutes of deleted scenes were omitted from the final cut of the film, some of which were featured in the 2008 DVD release of Mrs. Doubtfire called the "Behind-the-Seams Edition."[13] These include an entire subplot featuring Daniel's conflict with his nosy neighbor Gloria (Polly Holliday) and an extended scene at Bridges restaurant. In 2016 three further scenes, included in the aforementioned 2013 Blu-ray release, were released online[14] to much fanfare and praise for Robin Williams.[15][16] These included a scene where Daniel and Miranda fight at Lydia's spelling bee competition and a confrontation scene with Miranda after Daniel's identity is revealed at the restaurant.
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
The film earned $219,195,243 in North America, along with $222,090,952 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $441,286,195,[1] making it the highest grossing cross-dressing film.[17] It became the second-highest-grossing film of 1993, behind only Jurassic Park.[18][19] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 52.6 million tickets in the US.[20]
Critical reception[edit]
At the time of its release, several critics compared Mrs. Doubtfire unfavorably with Some Like It Hot (1959) and others who viewed the film favorably noted its similarity to Tootsie (1982).[21]
On Rotten Tomatoes, Mrs. Doubtfire has a rating of 71%, based on 49 reviews, with an average rating of 5.8/10. The site's critical reception reads:
“ On paper, Mrs. Doubtfire might seem excessively broad or sentimental, but Robin Williams shines so brightly in the title role that the end result is difficult to resist.[22][23] ”
On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 53 out of 100, based on 16 critics, indicating 'mixed or average reviews'.[24]
Accolades[edit]
66th Academy Awards
Best Makeup (Won)
51st Golden Globe Awards
Best Picture (Musical/Comedy) (Won)
Best Actor (Musical/Comedy) - Robin Williams (Won)
In 2000, the American Film Institute placed the film on its 100 Years...100 Laughs list, where it was ranked #67.[25]
Cancelled sequel[edit]
In 2001, Mrs. Doubtfire 2 began being developed by Bonnie Hunt, even though Anne Fine had not written any follow-up novels to Alias Madame Doubtfire, but writing did not begin until 2003. Robin Williams was set to return in disguise as an old nanny. Due to problems with the script, re-writing began in 2006, as Williams was unhappy with the plot, and the sequel was again scrapped later that year. The film was expected to be released in late 2007, but following further script problems, the sequel was declared scrapped in December 2006.[26]
In 2006, in an Newsday interview, Williams said the sequel was indefinitely scrapped. Stating his reasons:
“ The script they had just didn't work. The sequel's story involved Williams as Mrs. Doubtfire moving close to Lydia's college, so he could keep an eye on her.[27] ”
In December 2006, during an interview on BBC Radio 1 by DJ Edith Bowman, Williams said that if it was not going to be done right, then it was not worth doing, and that there would not be a sequel with him in it.
In August 2010, on Alan Carr: Chatty Man, Williams again brought up the topic of a sequel to Mrs. Doubtfire. He blamed the script not being right as the reason why a sequel was not made. He claimed the script had been written three times and failed, and there was no mention of any ongoing work on the project. Furthermore, in December 2011, during an interview by Moviehole, Williams stated again that the chances of a sequel are "highly unlikely."
In 2011, Williams said:
“ They could never write it. They kept trying and it doesn’t work... because at the end of the first one they reveal who [Mrs. Doubtfire] is. So it ends up being her for five minutes and then she transitions into some old Russian woman. They so far can’t crack it.[28] ”
In 2014,[29] Chris Columbus stated, in turn:
“ We're talking about a sequel to Mrs. Doubtfire. We've [he and Williams] talked about it, and the studio is interested in it. The thing that fascinates me about a sequel to Mrs. Doubtfire is with most actors who create an iconic character like Mrs. Doubtfire, when you come back and do that character, well, you're twenty years older so, you're not going to look the same.
The cool thing with Mrs. Doubtfire is there's a character, there's a woman, who is actually going to look exactly as she did in 1993.
”
In April 2014, it was announced that a sequel was in development at 20th Century Fox. Williams and Columbus were expected to return, and Elf screenwriter David Berenbaum was hired to write the script.[30] However, after Williams’ death in August 2014, plans for a sequel were permanently cancelled.[31]
Stage adaptation[edit]
On January 22, 2015, Entertainment Weekly reported that a musical adaptation of Mrs. Doubtfire was in the works, with music by Alan Menken, lyrics by David Zippel, and a book by Harvey Fierstein.[32] Producer Kevin McCollum had previously spoken to the New York Times in 2013 about the 1993 movie's musical prospects, noting that the plot was 'tailored for Broadway audiences'.[33] However, in 2016, Menken told Digital Spy that the project was put on 'creative hiatus', citing changes in the creative team as the problem.[34] Nevertheless, in 2018 McCollum revealed that the adaptation was still aiming for a Broadway bow, but with an entirely different creative team which includes Karey and Wayne Kirkpatrick composing the score, and John O'Farrell and Karey Kirkpatrick writing the book. Tony award-winner Jerry Zaks was also announced as the director of the show. Dates, casting, and theatre information has yet to be announced by Fox Stage Productions.[35]
See also[edit]
Avvai Shanmughi, the 1996 re-make in Indian Tamil-language
Chachi 420, the 1997 re-make in Indian Hindi-language
Kauda Bole Alice, the 2000 re-make in Sri Lanka Sinhala language
Cross-dressing in film and television
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References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Mrs. Doubtfire (1993)". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mrs. Doubtfire". Box Office Mojo. 24 November 1993. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Awards for Mrs. Doubtfire. Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
Jump up ^ Shot on This Site, William A. Gordon, Citadel, 1995, p.39.
Jump up ^ "Robin Williams memorial grows outside 'Mrs. Doubtfire' house"
Jump up ^ Jessica Probus. "The Actual Makeup From "Mrs. Doubtfire" Was Even More Intense Than You Realized". Buzzfeed.com. Retrieved 2014-08-26.
Jump up ^ Christopher Hooton (2014-08-12). "Robin Williams, dressed as Mrs Doubtfire, walks into a sex shop… - News - Films". The Independent. Archived from the original on August 14, 2014. Retrieved 2014-08-26.
Jump up ^ Lipsky, Jessica (January 7, 2011). "Mrs. Doubtfire lives on in Danville memories". Pleasonton Weekly. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Mrs Doubtfire TV spot". You Tube. Retrieved 24 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Film stars lost for words: But why does Mrs Doubtfire have to swear? asks David Lister". 13 February 1994. Retrieved 11 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "MRS. DOUBTFIRE (1993)". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Case study into the film's rating history in the UK". bbfc.co.uk. Retrieved 24 December 2015. (see extension under the feature icon)
Jump up ^ Curt Fields (2008-02-29). "Go Behind The Seams of 'Mrs. Doubtfire'". Washington Post. Retrieved 2017-07-26.
Jump up ^ Chris Graham (2016-02-11). "'Lost' scenes from Mrs Doubtfire prompt fresh tributes to Robin Williams". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2017-07-26.
Jump up ^ Jacob Stolworthy (2017-02-08). "Rare deleted scenes show Mrs Doubtfire was nearly the most heartbreaking film of all time". The Independent. Retrieved 2017-07-26.
Jump up ^ Jake Polden (2017-07-26). "Robin Williams fans get unexpected treat as deleted scenes from classic family film Mrs Doubtfire emerge online - prompting flood of fresh tributes". The Daily Mail. Retrieved 2017-07-26.
Jump up ^ "Arts & Media". Guinness World Records 2007 (UK ed.). Guinness World Records Limited. 2006. p. 182. ISBN 1-904994-11-3.
Jump up ^ Fox, David J. (1994-02-01). "Mrs. Doubtfire' Still the Champ". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
Jump up ^ Fox, David J. (1994-01-04). "Mrs. Doubtfire Takes the Holiday". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
Jump up ^ "Mrs. Doubtfire (1993)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Papa's Got A Brand New Drag". Newsweek. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
Jump up ^ "Review at Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
Jump up ^ "Go behind the scenes with 'Mrs. Doubtfire'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
Jump up ^ "Mrs. Doubtfire—Metacritic". Retrieved 5 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Williams Rejects Mrs. Doubtfire Sequel". WorstPreviews.com. 2006-12-07. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
Jump up ^ Brunton, Richard (December 5, 2006). "Williams says no Mrs Doubtfire 2". Filmstalker. Retrieved February 6, 2007.
Jump up ^ "MRS. DOUBTFIRE 2 in Development; Robin Williams Will Return". 2014-04-16. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
Jump up ^ UK, The Huffington Post (2014-04-17). "'Mrs. Doubtfire' Sequel In The Works?'". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-08-27.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (April 16, 2014). "'Mrs. Doubtfire' Sequel in the Works at Fox 2000 (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sperling, Nicole (August 11, 2014). "Robin Williams leaves behind four upcoming films". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Alan Menken confirms he's working on a 'Mrs. Doubtfire' musical". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
Jump up ^ Healy, Patrick. "Hollywood's Big Bet on Broadway Adaptations". Retrieved 2018-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Mrs. Doubtfire: The Musical has been put on hold". Digital Spy. 2016-05-17. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
Jump up ^ "Creative team for Mrs. Doubtfire musical announced". Playhouse.press. Retrieved 2018-09-11.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mrs. Doubtfire.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Mrs. Doubtfire
Mrs. Doubtfire on IMDb
Mrs. Doubtfire at the TCM Movie Database
Mrs. Doubtfire at AllMovie
Mrs. Doubtfire at Box Office Mojo
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The Death of Marat
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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La Mort de Marat
Artist
Jacques-Louis David
Year
1793
Medium
oil on canvas
Dimensions
165 cm × 128 cm (65 in × 50 in)
Location
Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium
The Death of Marat (French: La Mort de Marat or Marat Assassiné) is a 1793 painting by Jacques-Louis David of the murdered French revolutionary leader Jean-Paul Marat. It is one of the most famous images of the French Revolution. David was the leading French painter, as well as a Montagnard and a member of the revolutionary Committee of General Security. The painting shows the radical journalist lying dead in his bath on July 13, 1793 after his murder by Charlotte Corday. Painted in the months after Marat's murder, it has been described by T. J. Clark as the first modernist painting, for "the way it took the stuff of politics as its material, and did not transmute it".
Contents
1 The murder
2 David's politics
3 Style
4 Later history
5 In popular culture
6 Footnotes
7 Bibliography
The murder[edit]
Marat (24 May 1743 – 13 July 1793, 18th century France) was one of the leaders of the Montagnards, the radical faction ascendant in French politics during the Reign of Terror until the Thermidorian Reaction. Charlotte Corday was a Girondin from a minor aristocratic family and a political enemy of Marat who blamed him for the September Massacre. She gained entrance to Marat's rooms with a note promising details of a counter-revolutionary ring in Caen.
Marat suffered from a skin condition that caused him to spend much of his time in his bathtub; he would often work there. Corday fatally stabbed Marat, but she did not attempt to flee. She was later tried and executed for the murder.
David's politics[edit]
As well as being the leading French painter of his generation, David was a prominent Montagnard, and a Jacobin, aligned with Marat and Maximilian Robespierre. A deputy of the Museum section at the Convention, he voted for the death of the King, and served on the Committee of General Security, where he actively participated in the sentencing and imprisonment of many and eventually presided over the "section des interrogatoires". He was also on the Committee of Public Instruction.[1]
Style[edit]
Detail of The Death of Marat showing the paper held in Marat's left hand. The letter reads (in French) "Il suffit que je sois bien malheureuse pour avoir droit a votre bienveillance" or in English, "Given that I am unhappy, I have a right to your help"
Marat's figure is idealized.[2] For example, the painting contains no sign of his skin problems, his skin appears clean and unblemished. David, however, drew other details from his visit to Marat's residence the day before the assassination: the green rug, the papers, and the pen. David promised his peers in the National Convention that he would later depict their murdered friend invocatively as "écrivant pour le bonheur du peuple" (writing for the good of the people). The Death of Marat is designed to commemorate a personable hero. Although the name Charlotte Corday can be seen on the paper held in Marat's left hand, she herself is not visible. Close inspection of this painting shows Marat at his last breath, when Corday and many others were still nearby (Corday did not try to escape). Therefore, David intended to record more than just the horror of martyrdom.[3] In this sense, for realistic as it is in its details, the painting, as a whole, from its start, is a methodical construction focusing on the victim, a striking set up regarded today by several critics as an "awful beautiful lie"— certainly not a photograph in the forensic scientific sense and barely the simple image it may seem (for instance, in the painting, the knife is not to be seen where Corday had left it impaled in Marat's chest, but on the ground, beside the bathtub).
The Death of Marat has often been compared to Michelangelo's Pietà. Note the elongated arm hanging down in both works. David admired Caravaggio's works, especially Entombment of Christ, which mirrors The Death of Marat's drama and light.
David sought to transfer the sacred qualities long associated with the monarchy and the Catholic Church to the new French Republic. He painted Marat, martyr of the Revolution, in a style reminiscent of a Christian martyr, with the face and body bathed in a soft, glowing light.[2] As Christian art had done from its beginning, David also played with multileveled references to classical art. Suggestions that Paris could compete with Rome as capital and mother city of the Arts and the idea of forming a kind of new Roman Republic appealed to French Revolutionaries, who often formed David's audience.
Later history[edit]
Charlotte Corday by Paul Jacques Aimé Baudry, painted 1860.
One of two versions of Death of Marat made by Edvard Munch in 1907
Widely admired during the Terror whose leaders ordered several copies of the original work (copies made in 1793–1794 by David's pupils to serve propaganda), The Death of Marat slowly ceased to be 'frontpage history' after Robespierre's overthrow and execution. At his request, it was returned to David in 1795, himself being prosecuted for his involvement in the Terror as a member of the Comité de Sureté Général (he would have to wait for Napoleon's rise to become prominent in the arts once more). From 1795 to David's death, the painting languished in obscurity. During David's exile in Belgium, it was hidden, somewhere in France, by Antoine Gros, David's dearest pupil. In 1826 (and later on), the family tried to sell it, with no success at all. It was rediscovered by the critics in the mid-nineteenth century, especially by Charles Baudelaire whose famous comment in 1846[further explanation needed] became the starting point of an increased interest among artists and scholars. In the 20th century, the painting inspired several painters (among them Picasso and Munch who delivered their own versions), poets (Alessandro Mozzambani) and writers (the most famous being Peter Weiss with his play Marat/Sade).
The original painting is currently displayed at the Royal Museum of Fine Arts in Brussels, being there as a result of a decision taken by the family to offer it, in 1886, to the city where the painter had lived quietly and died in exile after the fall of Napoleon. Some of the copies (the exact number of those completed remains uncertain) made by David's pupils (among them, Gioacchino Giuseppe Serangeli and Gérard) survived, notably visible in the museums of Dijon, Reims, and Versailles. The original letter, with bloodstains and bath water marks still visible, has survived and is currently intact in the ownership of Robert Lindsay, 29th Earl of Crawford.[4]
Other artists have also depicted the death of Marat, sometimes long after the facts, whose works refer or not to David's masterpiece. Among these later works, the Charlotte Corday by Paul Jacques Aimé Baudry, painted in 1860, during the Second Empire, when Marat's "dark legend" (the angry monster insatiably hungry for blood) was widely spread among educated people, depicts Charlotte Corday as a true heroine of France, a model of virtue for the younger generations. The versions of Picasso and Munch are less trying to refer to the original context in itself than to confront modern issues with those of David, in terms of style. Brazilian artist Vik Muniz created a version composed of contents from a city landfill as part of his "Pictures of Garbage[5]" series.
In popular culture[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In 1897, the French director Georges Hatot made a movie entitled La Mort de Marat. This early silent film made for the Lumière Company is a brief single-shot scene of the assassination of the revolutionary.
The composition influenced one of the scenes in Stanley Kubrick's 1975 adaptation of Barry Lyndon.[citation needed]
The cover art of the 1980 album East by Australian pub rock band Cold Chisel, was inspired by the painting.
Andrzej Wajda's 1983 film Danton includes several scenes in David's atelier, including one showing the painting of Marat's portrait.
Derek Jarman's 1986 film Caravaggio imitates the painting in a scene where the chronicler, head bound in a towel (but writing here with a typewriter), slouches back in his tub, one arm extended outside the tub.
Vik Muniz recreated the Death of Marat with waste from a massive landfill near Rio de Janeiro in his 2010 documentary Waste Land. The picture is prominently featured on the DVD cover.
Steve Goodman re-created the painting (with himself in place of Marat) for the cover of his 1977 album Say It in Private.
In the 2002 movie, About Schmidt, Jack Nicholson's character Warren falls asleep in the bath whilst composing a letter, recreating David's painting.
The painting was used as the album art for American band Have a Nice Life's 2008 album Deathconsciousness.
In the 23 October 2008, episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (Season 9, Episode 3 - Art Imitates Life) a serial killer poses his victims peculiarly, one such victim's posture being an homage to David's painting.[citation needed]
In 2013, it was gender-swapped with Lady Gaga in Marat's spot for ARTPOP. MTV
In the 2014 video game Assassin's Creed Unity, Arno Dorian investigates the death of Jean-Paul Marat, bringing Charlotte Corday to justice. The body of Jean-Paul is as given in the painting by Jacques-Louis David.
The painting was used as the album art for British Black Metal band Sykelig Englen's 2015 album Hymns of the Dead.[6]
The painting was mentioned as a favorite of the narrator in the novel My Year of Rest and Relaxation by Ottessa Moshfegh
The painting is referenced by US alternative rock band R.E.M. in the lyrics of their song "We Walk" and in the video to their song "Drive".[7]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Wildenstein, pp. 43–59.
^ Jump up to: a b Smarthistory, David's Death of Marat, accessed 28 December 2012
Jump up ^ Vaughan, William; Helen Weston (2000). Jacques-Louis David's 'Marat'. Cambridge University Press. pp. 16–17. ISBN 0-521-56337-2.
Jump up ^ The Earl of Crawford has the largest collection of French revolutionary manuscripts in Scotland.
Jump up ^ Wall Street Journal, A Modern Marat, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703440004575548581385394008
Jump up ^ https://www.metal-archives.com/bands/Sykelig_Englen/3540391331
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/m_millsey/status/1043265782979784704
Bibliography[edit]
T J Clark, "Painting in the Year Two", in Representations, No. 47, Special Issue: National Cultures before Nationalism (Summer, 1994), pp. 13–63.
Thibaudeau, M.A., Vie de David, Bruxelles (1826)
Delécluze, E., Louis David, son école et son temps, Paris, (1855) re-edition Macula (1983) – First-hand testimony by a pupil of David
David, J.L., Le peintre Louis David 1748–1825. Souvenirs & Documents inédits par J.L. David son Petit-Fils, ed. Victor Havard, Paris (1880)
Holma, Klaus, David. Son évolution, son style, Paris (1940)
Adhé mar Jean, David. Naissance du génie d'un peintre, ed. Raoul Solar, Paris (1953)
Bowman, F.P., 'Le culte de Marat, figure de Jésus', Le Christ romantique, ed. Droz, Genève, pp. 62 sq. (1973)
Wildenstein, Daniel et Guy, Documents complémentaires au catalogue de l’oeuvre de Louis David, Paris, Fondation Wildenstein (1973) – fondamental source to track all influences constituting David's visual culture
Starobinski, Jean, 1789, les emblèmes de la raison, ed. Flammarion, Paris (1979)
Schnapper, Antoine, David témoin de son temps, ed. Office du Livre, Fribourg (1980)
Kruft, H.-W., "An antique model for David's Marat" in The Burlington Magazine CXXV, 967 (October 1983), pp. 605–607; CXXVI, 973 (April 84)
Traeger, Jorg, Der Tod des Marat: Revolution des menschenbildes, ed. Prestel, München (1986)
Thévoz, Michel, Le théâtre du crime. Essai sur la peinture de David, éd. de Minuit, Paris (1989)
Guilhaumou, J., La mort de Marat, ed. Complexe, Bruxelles (1989)
Mortier, R., 'La mort de Marat dans l'imagerie révolutionnaire', Bulletin de la Classe des Beaux-Arts, Académie Royale de Belgique, 6ème série, tome I, 10–11 (1990), pp. 131–144
Simon, Robert, "David’s Martyr-Portrait of Le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau and the conundrums of Revolutionary Representation" in Art History, vol.14, n°4 (December 1991), pp. 459–487
Sérullaz, Arlette, Inventaire général des dessins. Ecole française. Dessins de Jacques-Louis David 1748–1825, Paris (1991)
David contre David, actes du colloque au Louvre du 6–10 décembre 1989, éd. R. Michel, Paris (1993) [M. Bleyl, "Marat : du portrait à la peinture d'histoire"]
Malvone, Laura, "L'Évènement politique en peinture. A propos du Marat de David" in Mélanges de l'École française de Rome. Italie et Méditerranée, n° 106, 1 (1994)
Pacco, M., De Vouet à David. Peintures françaises du Musée d'Art Ancien, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, ed. MRBAB, Bruxelles (1994)
Hofmann, Werner, Une époque en rupture 1750–1830, Gallimard, Paris (1995)
Crow, T., Emulation. Making artists for Revolutionary France, ed. Yale University Press, New Haven London (1995)
Monneret, Sophie, David et le néoclassicisme, ed. Terrail, Paris (1998)
Robespierre, edited by Colin Haydon & William Doyle, Cambridge (1999)
Lajer-Burcharth, E., Necklines. The art of Jacques-Louis David after the Terror, ed. Yale University Press, New Haven London (1999)
Lee, S., David, ed. Phaidon, London (1999); * Aston, Nigel, Religion and Revolution in France, 1780–1804, McMillan, London (2000)
Jacques-Louis David’s Marat, edited by William Vaughan & Helen Weston, Cambridge (2000)
Rosenberg, Pierre & Louis-Antoine Prat, Jacques-Louis David 1748–1825. Catalogue raisonné des dessins, 2 volumes, éd. Leonardo Arte, Milan (2002)
Idem, Peronnet, Benjamin, « Un album inédit de David », Revue de l’Art, n°142, (2003–2004) pp. 45–83
Coquard, Olivier, "Marat assassiné. Reconstitution abusive" in Historia Mensuel, n°691 (juillet 2004)
Vanden Berghe, Marc & Ioana Plesca, Nouvelles perspectives sur la Mort de Marat: entre modèle jésuite et références mythologiques, Bruxelles (2004) / New perspectives for David's Death of Marat, Brussels (2004), available at the KBR, Brussels.
Idem, Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau sur son lit de mort par Jacques Louis-David : saint Sébastien révolutionnaire, miroir multiréférencé de Rome, Brussels (2005), available at the KBR, Brussels.
Sainte-Fare Garnot, N., Jacques-Louis David 1748–1825, Paris, Ed. Chaudun (2005)
Johnson, Dorothy, Jacques-Louis David: New Perspectives, University of Delaware Press (2006)
Guilhaumou, Jacques, La mort de Marat (2006) revolution-francaise.net
Plume de Marat – Plumes sur Marat, pour une bibliographie générale, (Chantiers Marat, vol. 9–10), Editions Pôle Nord, Bruxelles (2006)
Angelitti, Silvana, "La Morte di Marat e la Pietà di Michelangelo" in La propaganda nella storia, sl, (sd), e-torricelli.it
Pesce, Luigi, Marat assassinato : il tema del braccio della morte : realismo caravagesco e ars moriendi in David, s.ed., sl, (2007) steadyoffload.com[permanent dead link]
"A cinema of loneliness" by Robert Kolker, Barry Lyndon, Stanley Kubrick
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Battle of Neerwinden)
Battle of Famars (23 May 1793)
Expédition de Sardaigne (21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
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1794
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Chouannerie
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1795
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1796
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1797
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1798
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1800
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1801
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1802
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Jean Lannes
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Claude Lecourbe
François Joseph Lefebvre
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André Masséna
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Joachim Murat
Michel Ney
Pierre-Jacques Osten (fr)
Nicolas Oudinot
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Jean-Charles Pichegru
Józef Poniatowski
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GND: 4126802-7
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Death_of_Marat&oldid=864395002"
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text:
Law & Order True Crime
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Law & Order True Crime
Genre
True crime
Anthology
Created by
René Balcer
Starring
Edie Falco
Miles Gaston Villanueva
Gus Halper
Composer(s)
Mike Post
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
8 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
René Balcer
Dick Wolf
Peter Jankowski
Arthur W. Forney
Production company(s)
Universal Television[1]
Wolf Films
Distributor
NBCUniversal Television Distribution
Release
Original network
NBC
Original release
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26) – present
Chronology
Related shows
Law & Order franchise
Website
www.nbc.com/law-and-order-true-crime-menendez?nbc=1
Law & Order True Crime is an American true crime anthology series[2] that premiered on September 26, 2017 on NBC.[3] The series was ordered by NBC on July 15, 2016, and is part of the Law & Order franchise. The eight-episode first season, titled Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders, is a dramatization of the trial of Lyle and Erik Menendez, who were convicted in 1996 for the murder of their parents, José and Kitty Menendez.[4] The first season concluded on November 14, 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
2 Episodes
3 Production
4 Reception
4.1 Ratings
5 See also
6 References
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Edie Falco as Leslie Abramson, the defense attorney who represented Lyle and Erik Menendez.[5]
Gus Halper as Erik Menendez, the younger brother accused of killing his parents.[1]
Miles Gaston Villanueva as Lyle Menendez, the older brother accused of killing his parents.[1]
Recurring[edit]
Anthony Edwards as Judge Stanley Weisberg who oversaw Lyle and Erik's trial.[6]
Julianne Nicholson as Jill Lansing, Abramson's partner on the defense team.[1]
Constance Marie as Marta Cano, José's sister.[7]
Carlos Gómez as José Menendez, Lyle and Erik's father.[7]
Sam Jaeger as Detective Les Zoeller, the Beverly Hills Police Department detective who investigated the murders of José and Kitty Menendez.[8]
Josh Charles as Dr. Jerome Oziel, Lyle and Erik's psychiatrist.[3]
Sterling Beaumon as Glenn Stevens, Lyle's friend from Princeton University.[9]
Ben Winchell as Donovan Goodreau.
Molly Hagan as Joan Vandermolen, Kitty's older sister.[9]
Dominic Flores as Henry Llano, Lyle and Erik's cousin.[9]
Lolita Davidovich as Kitty Menendez, Lyle and Erik's mother.[10]
Chris Bauer as Tim Rutten, Leslie's husband and a Los Angeles Times journalist.
Heather Graham as Judalon Smyth, Oziel's emotionally fragile mistress.[10]
Elizabeth Reaser as Deputy District Attorney Pam Bozanich, who was assigned to the murders of José and Kitty Menendez.[10]
Larry Cedar as Milton Andersen, Kitty's older brother.[10]
Ezra Buzzington as Deputy District Attorney Elliott Alhadeff, first prosecutor in case.
Raphael Sbarge as Jon Conte.
Taylor Kalupa as Anna Eriksson, Lyle’s fiancé & eventual wife.
Episodes[edit]
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
"Episode 1" Lesli Linka Glatter René Balcer September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26) 6.06[11]
Jose and Kitty Menendez are murdered in their home. The police initially investigate the double-homicide with links to Jose Menendez's business that has ties to organized crime, as brothers Lyle and Erik go on a shopping spree leading up to their parents' memorial service. But as the detectives run down leads the evidence points the crime to a different direction, the Menendez brothers. And while watching the events unfolding in the media, criminal defense attorney Leslie Abramson takes an interest in the murders and the brothers.
2
"Episode 2" Lesli Linka Glatter René Balcer October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03) 4.82[12]
3
"Episode 3" Holly Dale Gina Gionfriddo October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10) 4.72[13]
4
"Episode 4" Holly Dale Diana Son October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17) 4.36[14]
5
"Episode 5" Fred Berner René Balcer October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24) 4.61[15]
6
"Episode 6" Fred Berner Gina Gionfriddo October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31) 3.53[16]
7
"Episode 7" Michael Pressman Diana Son November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07) 4.08[17]
8
"Episode 8" Michael Pressman René Balcer November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14) 4.16[18]
Production[edit]
Filming for the series began on June 26, 2017.[3]
Reception[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 65% based on 34 reviews, with an average rating of 6.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Law & Order: True Crime: The Menendez Murders benefits from a standout performance from Edie Falco that proves captivating enough to compensate for a staid approach to potentially drama-rich material."[19] On Metacritic, the season has a weighted average score of 57 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[20]
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Ratings/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
18–49
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
18–49
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Episode 1" September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26) 1.6/6 6.06[11] N/A N/A N/A N/A
2 "Episode 2" October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03) 1.1/5 4.82[12] N/A N/A N/A N/A
3 "Episode 3" October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10) 1.1/4 4.72[13] N/A N/A N/A N/A
4 "Episode 4" October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17) 1.0/4 4.36[14] N/A N/A N/A N/A
5 "Episode 5" October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24) 1.0/4 4.61[15] N/A N/A N/A N/A
6 "Episode 6" October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31) 0.7/3 3.53[16] N/A N/A N/A N/A
7 "Episode 7" November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07) 0.9/4 4.08[17] N/A N/A N/A N/A
8 "Episode 8" November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14) 0.9/4 4.16[18] N/A N/A N/A N/A
See also[edit]
American Crime Story, a similar anthology series that depicts high-profile cases
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Stanhope, Kate (June 5, 2017). "Julianne Nicholson Joins 'Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders'". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Stanhope, Kate (April 6, 2016). "Menendez Brothers Set as Focus of NBC's Dick Wolf 'Law & Order' Anthology Series". The Hollywood Reporter.
^ Jump up to: a b c Stanhope, Kate (June 26, 2017). "Josh Charles Joins 'Law and Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders'". Deadline. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Stanhope, Kate (July 15, 2014). "'Law & Order: True Crime — The Menendez Murders' Ordered to Series at NBC". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Wagmeister, Elizabeth; Birnbaum, Debra (February 3, 2017). "Edie Falco to Play Attorney Leslie Abramson in Dick Wolf's NBC Menendez Brothers Series (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety.
Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (June 2, 2017). "'Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders': Anthony Edwards To Play Judge Weisberg". Deadline.com.
^ Jump up to: a b Pedersen, Erik (June 7, 2017). "'Law & Order: True Crime – The Menendez Murders': Constance Marie & Carlos Gomez Join Cast". Deadline.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (June 8, 2017). "'Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders': Sam Jaeger To Play Det. Zoeller". Deadline.com. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Petski, Denise (June 15, 2017). "'Law & Order True Crime: The Menendez Murders': Sterling Beaumon, Molly Hagan & Dominic Flores Join Cast". Deadline.com. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Petski, Denise (June 23, 2017). "'L&O True Crime: The Menendez Murders' Casts Lolita Davidovich, Heather Graham, Elizabeth Reaser & Larry Cedar". Deadline.com. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (September 27, 2017). "'Bull,' 'Voice,' 'This Is Us' adjust up, 'L&O True Crime' and 'Brooklyn Nine-Nine' down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 4, 2017). "'Fresh Off the Boat,' 'Voice' adjust up, 'Brooklyn Nine-Nine,' 'L&O True Crime' adjust down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 11, 2017). "'Voice,' 'Flash,' 'Bull,' 'Lethal Weapon' & 'The Mick' adjust up, 'NCIS: New Orleans' down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 18, 2017). "'NCIS,' 'Voice' and 'This Is Us' adjust up, 'Black-ish' and 'L&O True Crime' down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 25, 2017). "'This Is Us,' 'Fresh Off the Boat,' 'Kevin' & World Series adjust up, 'L&O True Crime' down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 1, 2017). "'The Middle' and World Series adjust up, 'Law & Order True Crime' down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 8, 2017). "'The Middle' adjusts up, 'The Mayor' adjusts down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 15, 2017). "'Fresh Off the Boat,' 'The Flash' and 'Kevin' adjust up, 'Bull' and 'L&O True Crime' adjust down: Tuesday final ratings". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Law & Order: True Crime: The Menendez Murders (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Law & Order: True Crime: The Menendez Murders reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved October 10, 2017.
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