text:
Convention on the Rights of the Child
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Parties to the convention
Only signed, but not ratified
Non-signatory
Signed
20 November 1989[1]
Location
New York City[1]
Effective
2 September 1990[1]
Condition
20 ratifications[2]
Signatories
140[1]
Parties
196[1] (all eligible states except the United States)
Depositary
UN Secretary-General[3]
Languages
Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish[1]
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child at Wikisource
Part of the Politics series on
Youth rights
Activities[show]
Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.
Child Labor Deterrence Act
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Fair Labor Standards Act
Hammer v. Dagenhart
History of youth rights in the United States
Morse v. Frederick
Newsboys' strike of 1899
Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
Wild in the Streets
Theory/Concepts[show]
Adultcentrism
Adultism
Ageism
Criminalization
Democracy
Ephebiphobia
Fear of children
Fear of youth
Intergenerational equity
Paternalism
Social class
Suffrage
Taking Children Seriously
Universal suffrage
Unschooling
Youth activism
Youth suffrage
Youth voice
Issues[show]
Age of candidacy
Age of consent
Age of majority
Behavior modification facility
Child labour
Compulsory education
Conscription
Corporal punishment
Curfew
Child abuse
Emancipation of minors
Gambling age
Homeschooling
Human rights and youth sport
In loco parentis
Juvenile delinquency
Juvenile court
Legal drinking age
Legal working age
Minimum driving age
Marriageable age
Minor (law)
Minors and abortion
School leaving age
Smoking age
Status offense
Underage drinking in America
Voting age
Youth-adult partnership
Youth participation
Youth politics
Youth voting
Organizations[show]
Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions
Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission
National Youth Rights Association
One World Youth Project
Queer Youth Network
Students for a Democratic Society
Freechild Project
Three O'Clock Lobby
Youth International Party
Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor
Young Communist League of Canada
Persons[show]
Adam Fletcher (activist)
David J. Hanson
David Joseph Henry
John Caldwell Holt
Alex Koroknay-Palicz
Lyn Duff
Mike A. Males
Neil Postman
Sonia Yaco
Related[show]
Animal rights
Anti-racism
Direct democracy
Egalitarianism
Feminism
Libertarianism
Socialism
Students rights
Youth rights
Social movements portal
v
t
e
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. The Convention defines a child as any human being under the age of eighteen, unless the age of majority is attained earlier under national legislation.[4]
Nations that ratify this convention are bound to it by international law. Compliance is monitored by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, which is composed of members from countries around the world. Once a year, the Committee submits a report to the Third Committee of the United Nations General Assembly, which also hears a statement from the CRC Chair, and the Assembly adopts a Resolution on the Rights of the Child.[5]
Governments of countries that have ratified the Convention are required to report to, and appear before, the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child periodically to be examined on their progress with regards to the advancement of the implementation of the Convention and the status of child rights in their country. Their reports and the committee's written views and concerns are available on the committee's website.
The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its Declaration of the Rights of the Child).[6] It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. Currently, 196 countries are party to it,[1] including every member of the United Nations except the United States.[5][7][8]
Two optional protocols were adopted on 25 May 2000. The First Optional Protocol restricts the involvement of children in military conflicts, and the Second Optional Protocol prohibits the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. Both protocols have been ratified by more than 160 states.[9][10]
A third optional protocol relating to communication of complaints was adopted in December 2011 and opened for signature on 28 February 2012. It came into effect on 14 April 2014.[11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Contents
1.1 Global standards and cultural relativism
1.2 Child marriage and slavery
2 States party and signatories
2.1 Canada
2.2 India
2.3 Iran
2.4 Ireland
2.5 Israel
2.6 New Zealand
2.7 Saudi Arabia
2.8 United Kingdom
2.9 United States
2.10 Azerbaijan
3 Optional protocols
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Contents[edit]
The Convention deals with the child-specific needs and rights. It requires that the "nations that ratify this convention are bound to it by international law". Ratifying states must act in the best interests of the child. In all jurisdictions implementing the Convention requires compliance with child custody and guardianship laws as that every child has basic rights, including the right to life, to their own name and identity, to be raised by their parents within a family or cultural grouping, and to have a relationship with both parents, even if they are separated.
The Convention obliges states to allow parents to exercise their parental responsibilities. The Convention also acknowledges that children have the right to express their opinions and to have those opinions heard and acted upon when appropriate, to be protected from abuse or exploitation, and to have their privacy protected, and it requires that their lives not be subject to excessive interference.
The Convention also obliges signatory states to provide separate legal representation for a child in any judicial dispute concerning their care and asks that the child's viewpoint be heard in such cases.
The Convention forbids capital punishment for children. In its General Comment 8 (2006) the Committee on the Rights of the Child stated that there was an "obligation of all state parties to move quickly to prohibit and eliminate all corporal punishment and all other cruel or degrading forms of punishment of children".[12] Article 19 of the Convention states that state parties must "take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence",[13] but it makes no reference to corporal punishment. The Committee's interpretation of this section to encompass a prohibition on corporal punishment has been rejected by several state parties to the Convention, including Australia,[14] Canada and the United Kingdom.
The European Court of Human Rights has referred to the Convention when interpreting the European Convention on Human Rights.[15]
Global standards and cultural relativism[edit]
Global human rights standards were challenged at the World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna (1993) when a number of governments (prominently China, Indonesia, Malaysia and Iran) raised serious objections to the idea of universal human rights.[16] There are unresolved tensions between "universalistic" and "relativistic" approaches in the establishment of standards and strategies designed to prevent or overcome the abuse of children's capacity to work.[16]
Child marriage and slavery[edit]
Some scholars link slavery and slavery-like practices for many child marriages.[17] Child marriage as slavery is not directly addressed by the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
States party and signatories[edit]
Currently 196 countries are parties to the treaty (some with stated reservations or interpretations). This includes every member of the United Nations (except the United States), plus the Cook Islands, Niue, the State of Palestine, and the Holy See.[5][7] The United States has not ratified it.[18] Somalia's domestic ratification finished in January 2015 and the instrument was deposited with the United Nations in October 2015.[19]
All successor states of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and Slovakia) made declarations of succession to the treaty and currently apply it.[18]
The convention does not apply in the territories of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Gibraltar, Guernsey and Tokelau.[18]
Canada[edit]
Canada became a signatory to the Convention on 28 May 1990[20] and ratified in 1991.[21] Youth criminal laws in Canada underwent major changes resulting in the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) which went into effect on 1 April 2003. The Act specifically refers to Canada's different commitments under the Convention. The convention was influential in the administrative Law decision of Baker v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration).
India[edit]
India ratified UNCRC on 11 December 1992, agreeing in principles all articles except with certain reservations on issues relating to child labor.[22] In India there is law that children under the age of 18 should not work, but there is no outright ban on child labor, and the practice is generally permitted in most industries except those deemed "hazardous".[23] Although a law in October 2006 banned child labor in hotels, restaurants, and as domestic servants, there continues to be high demand for children as hired help in the home. Current estimates as to the number of child laborers in the country range from the government's conservative estimate of 4 million children under 14 years of age[24] to the much higher estimates of children's rights activists, which hover around 60 million.[citation needed] Little is being done to address the problem since the economy is booming and the nuclear family is spreading, thereby increasing demand for child laborers. In India many people are still suffering from non-nutritious food, many parents are still leaving their children on riverside, in trains etc. Under the auspices of the Unicef financed Odisha initiative the Government of India is specifying the outline of a means of change and improvement in child care, and many trusts such as childLine, Plan India and savethechildren too are taking efforts to outdate child labor from India.[25] A few of the organisations who work with children's rights in India are Plan India, CRY (Child Rights and You), Save the Children, Bal Vikas Dhara-New Delhi, Bachpan Bachao Andolan, CHORD-Hyderabad.
Iran[edit]
See also: The Rights of the Child in Iran
Iran has adhered to the convention (except for alleged child slavery)[26] since 1991 and ratified it in the Parliament in 1994. Upon ratification, Iran made the following reservation: "If the text of the Convention is or becomes incompatible with the domestic laws and Islamic standards at any time or in any case, the Government of the Islamic Republic shall not abide by it."[27] Iran has also signed the both optional protocols which relate to the special protection of children against involvement in armed conflict and the sale of children and sexual exploitation.[28]
Although Iran is a state party to the Convention, international human rights organisations[29][30] and foreign governments[31] routinely denounced executions of Iranian child offenders as a violation of the treaty. But on 10 February 2012, Iran's parliament changed the controversial law of executing juveniles. In the new law, the age of 18 (solar year) would be for both genders considered the cut-off for adulthood and offenders under this age will be sentenced under a separate law.[32][33] Based on the previous Islamic law, which was revised, girls at the age of 9 and boys at 15 (lunar year, 11 days shorter than a solar year) were fully responsible for their crimes.[32]
"According to Islamic sources, the criterion for criminal responsibility is reaching the age of maturity which, according to the Shi'ite School of the IRI, is 9 lunar years (8 years and 9 months) for girls and 15 lunar years (14 years and 7 months) for boys."[34]
Ireland[edit]
Ireland signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child on 30 September 1990 and ratified it, without reservation, on 28 September 1992.[35] In response to criticisms expressed in the 1998 review by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child in Geneva, the Irish government established the office of Ombudsman for Children and drew up a national children's strategy. In 2006, following concerns expressed by the committee that the wording of the Irish Constitution does not allow the State to intervene in cases of abuse other than in very exceptional cases, the Irish government undertook to amend the constitution to make a more explicit commitment to children's rights.[36]
Israel[edit]
Israel ratified the Convention in 1991. In 2010, UNICEF criticized Israel for its failure to create a government-appointed commission on children's rights or to adopt a national children's rights strategy or program in order to implement various Israeli laws addressing children's rights. The report criticizes Israel for holding that the Convention does not apply in the West Bank and for defining as Palestinians under the age of 16 in the occupied territories as children, even though Israeli law defines a child as being under 18, in line with the Convention. A contemporaneous report by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development found that Israel's investment in children is below the international average and the actual investment had fallen between 1995 and 2006.[37] In 2012, the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child criticized Israel for its bombing attacks on Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, stating, "Destruction of homes and damage to schools, streets and other public facilities gravely affect children" and called them "gross violations of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, its Optional Protocol on the involvement of children in armed conflict and international humanitarian law". It also criticized Palestinian rocket attacks from Gaza on southern Israel which traumatized Israeli children, calling on all parties to protect children.[38]
New Zealand[edit]
New Zealand ratified the Convention on 6 April 1993 with reservations concerning the right to distinguish between persons according to the nature of their authority to be in New Zealand, the need for legislative action on economic exploitation—which it argued was adequately protected by existing law, and the provisions for the separation of juvenile offenders from adult offenders.[39]
In 1994, the Court of Appeal of New Zealand dismissed the suggestion that the Minister for Immigration and his department were at liberty to ignore the convention, arguing that this would imply that the country's adherence was "at least partly window-dressing".[40]
The Children's Commissioner Act 2003 enhanced the office of Children's Commissioner, giving it significantly stronger investigative powers.[41]
In May 2007, New Zealand passed the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007, which removed the defence of "reasonable force" for the purpose of correction. In its third and final vote, Parliament voted 113 to eight in favour of the legislation.[42]
Saudi Arabia[edit]
Saudi Arabia ratified the Convention in 1996, with a reservation "with respect to all such articles as are in conflict with the provisions of Islamic law"[1] which is the national law. The Committee on the Rights of the Child, which reviewed Saudi Arabia's treatment of children under the Convention in January 2005, strongly condemned the government for its practice of imposing the death penalty on juveniles, calling it "a serious violation of the fundamental rights". The committee said it was "deeply alarmed" over the discretionary power judges hold to treat juveniles as adults: In its 2004 report the Saudi Arabian government had stated that it "never imposes capital punishment on persons ... below the age of 18". The government delegation later acknowledged that a judge could impose the death penalty whenever he decided that the convicted person had reached his or her majority, regardless of the person's actual age at the time of the crime or at the time of the scheduled execution.[43]
United Kingdom[edit]
The United Kingdom ratified the Convention on 16 December 1991, with several declarations and reservations,[44] and made its first report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child in January 1995. Concerns raised by the Committee included the growth in child poverty and inequality, the extent of violence towards children, the use of custody for young offenders, the low age of criminal responsibility, and the lack of opportunities for children and young people to express views.[45] The 2002 report of the Committee expressed similar concerns, including the welfare of children in custody, unequal treatment of asylum seekers, and the negative impact of poverty on children's rights. In September 2008, the UK government decided to withdraw its reservations and agree to the Convention in these respects.[46][47]
The 2002 report's criticism of the legal defence of "reasonable chastisement" of children by parents, which the Committee described as "a serious violation of the dignity of the child",[48] was rejected by the UK Government. The Minister for Children, Young People and Families commented that while fewer parents are using smacking as a form of discipline, the majority said they would not support a ban.[49]
In evidence to the Parliamentary Joint Committee on Human Rights, the Committee was criticised by the Family Education Trust for "adopting radical interpretations of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in its pursuit of an agenda".[50] The Joint Committee's report recommended that "the time has come for the Government to act upon the recommendations of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child concerning the corporal punishment of children and the incompatibility of the defence of reasonable chastisement with its obligations under the Convention."[51] The UK Government responded that "the use of physical punishment is a matter for individual parents to decide".[52]
Although child slavery is difficult to gauge within the UK, child slaves are imported into the UK and sold.[26]
United States[edit]
Main article: U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
The United States government played an active role in the drafting of the Convention and signed it on 16 February 1995, but has not ratified it. It has been claimed that American opposition to the Convention stems primarily from political and religious conservatives.[53] For example, The Heritage Foundation sees "a civil society in which moral authority is exercised by religious congregations, family, and other private associations is fundamental to the American order".[54] and the Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) argues that the CRC threatens homeschooling.[55]
The United States had permitted the execution and life imprisonment of juvenile offenders, in contravention of the Article 37 of the Convention.[1] In 2005, a Supreme Court decision declared juvenile executions to be unconstitutional as "cruel and unusual punishment";[56][57][58] in 2012, the Court held that mandatory sentences of life without the possibility of parole are unconstitutional for juvenile offenders.[59]
State laws regarding the practice of closed adoption may also require overhaul in light of the Convention's position that children have a right to identity from birth.
During his 2008 campaign for President, Senator Barack Obama described the failure to ratify the Convention as "embarrassing" and promised to review the issue[60][61] but he never did. No President of the United States has submitted the treaty to the United States Senate requesting its advice and consent to ratification since the US signed it in 1995.[62]
The United States has ratified two of the optional protocols to the Convention,[9][10] the Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict, and the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography.
Azerbaijan[edit]
Azerbaijan ratified Convention on the Rights of the Child on 21 July 1992.[63][64][65] In terms of the ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, a significant number of laws, decrees and resolutions were approved in Azerbaijan by the President and the Cabinet of Ministers focusing on the development of the child welfare system.[64] In this regard, the Convention №182 on “Elimination of the worst forms of child labour” and Recommendation №190 of the International Labour Organization and the Hague Convention on International adoption of children were ratified by Milli Majlis in 2004.[65]
There is a concern over the administration of juvenile justice in Azerbaijan, mostly regarding compliance with articles 37, 39 and 40 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, as well as other relevant standards such as the Beijing Rules, the Riyadh Guidelines and the United Nations Rules for the Protection of Juveniles Deprived of their Liberty.[64] Therefore, international organizations assisted Azerbaijan to improve the situation in the field of juvenile justice.[66][65] Juvenile offenders have been added to the Presidential pardons on a regular basis.[65]
Azerbaijan has built cooperation with many international organizations, in particular with UNICEF in the field of child protection. In 1993, UNICEF began its activity in Azerbaijan. In 2005, Azerbaijan and UNICEF signed a 5-year country program. The country program for 2005-2009 was implemented in the field of child protection, children’s health and nutrition, children’s education and youth health, their development and participation. In addition, UNICEF supports Azerbaijan in developing juvenile justice system, establishing alternative care system and raising awareness among youth about HIV/AIDS.[65]
In Azerbaijan, national and international organizations mainly focus on a vulnerable group of children: IDP and refugee children. In this manner, the collaboration between UNICEF CO in Azerbaijan and some institutional and non-governmental partners allows sides to share the responsibility of dealing with children in conflict with the law. All the partners recognized the high level of sensitivity of the on-going violation of rights of children.[64] Furthermore, State Program on the Problems of Refugees and IDPs was ratified in 1998 by the Presidential Order to improve their living conditions and strengthen their social protection.[65]
Optional protocols[edit]
Two optional protocols were adopted by the UN General Assembly. The first, the Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict requires parties to ensure that children under the age of 18 are not recruited compulsorily into their armed forces, and calls on governments to do everything feasible to ensure that members of their armed forces who are under 18 years do not take part in hostilities.[67] This protocol entered into force on 12 July 2002.[9] As of 21 September 2017, 166 states are party to the protocol and another 14 states have signed but not ratified it.[9]
The second, the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography, requires parties to prohibit the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. It entered into force on 18 January 2002.[10] As of 21 September 2017, 173 states are party to the protocol and another 9 states have signed but not ratified it.[10]
A third, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure, which would allow children or their representatives to file individual complaints for violation of the rights of children, was adopted in December 2011[68] and opened for signature on 28 February 2012. The protocol currently has 51 signatures and 45 ratifications: it entered into force on 14 April 2014 following the tenth ratification three months beforehand.[11]
See also[edit]
Adultcentrism
Cartoons for Children's Rights
Child advocacy
Child custody
Child labor
Child laundering
Child survival revolution
Children's rights
Children's Rights Education
Children's rights movement
CRY America
Declaration of the Rights of the Child
Evolving capacities
Execution of Rizana Nafeek
iRights Framework
Intergenerational equity
International child abduction
International Play Association
Save the Children
Stop Child Executions
Student voice
Youth voice
Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i United Nations Treaty Collection. Convention on the Rights of the Child Archived 11 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Article 49. (Deadlink)
Jump up ^ Article 47.
Jump up ^ "Convention on the Rights of the Child". Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.
^ Jump up to: a b c Child Rights Information Network (2008). Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
Jump up ^ United Nations General Assembly Session 44 Resolution 25. Convention on the Rights of the Child A/RES/44/25 20 November 1989. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Amnesty International USA (2007). Convention on the Rights of the Child: Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
Jump up ^ "UN convention on the rights of the child" (PDF). Retrieved 16 September 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d United Nations Treaty Collection: Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict. Retrieved on 20 October 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d United Nations Treaty Collection: Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography. Retrieved on 20 October 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "UNTC". Archived from the original on 25 August 2012.
Jump up ^ General Comment 8, Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Jump up ^ Article 19, Convention on the Rights of the Child.
Jump up ^ Simalis, Linda (21 March 2010). "Aussie parents to defy UN smacking ban". The Sunday Telegraph. Sydney.
Jump up ^ Sutherland, Elaine E. (2003). "Can International Conventions Drive Domestic Law Reform? The Case of Physical Punishment of Children" in Dewar J., Parker S. (eds.) Family law: processes, practices, pressures: proceedings of the Tenth World Conference of the International Society of Family Law, July 2000, Brisbane, Australia. Oxford: Hart, p. 488. ISBN 978-1-84113-308-9
^ Jump up to: a b White, Ben (1999). "DEFINING THE INTOLERABLE: Child work, global standards and cultural relativism". Childhood. 6 (1): 133–144.
Jump up ^ Turner, Catherine (2013). "Out of the Shadows: Child Marriage and Slavery". Retrieved 13 September 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "UNTC". Archived from the original on 11 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Joint statement on Somalia's ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child". UNICEF. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Countries Compared by People > Rights of the Child Convention > Signatories. International Statistics at NationMaster.com".
Jump up ^ http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ncd-jne/bck-info-un-eng.php
Jump up ^ United Nations Treaty Collections. "11 . Convention on the Rights of the Child". treaties.un.org. UN. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "UNTC". treaties.un.org. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Census Data on Child Labour" (PDF). Ministry of Labour & Employment, GoI. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Gentleman, Amelia (18 February 2007). "Children's domestic labor resists India's legal efforts". The New York Times.
^ Jump up to: a b Bokhary, F.; Kelly, Emma (2010). "Child Rights, Culture and Exploitation: UK Experiences of Child Trafficking". Child Slavery Now. 2010: 145–159. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Children's Rights: Iran". Library of Congress. 4 April 2011. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Children's Rights is Everyone's Responsibility, says UNICEF Iran Representative on CRC Anniversary" (Press release). UNICEF. 20 November 2010. Retrieved 28 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Report on the death penalty in Iran" (PDF). International Federation of Human Rights. April 2009.
Jump up ^ "Reaction to the execution of Delera Darabi" (Press release). Human Rights Watch. May 2009.
Jump up ^ French reaction to the execution of Delera Darabi, May 2009 (in French); European Union's reaction to the execution of Delera Darabi, May 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Iran changes law for execution of juveniles". Iran Independent News Service. 10 February 2012. Archived from the original on 11 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "Death penalty for people under 18 is prohibited". Ghanoon Online (in Persian). 13 February 2012. Archived from the original on 13 February 2012.
Jump up ^ Nayyeri, Mohammad Hossein (2012). "New Islamic Penal Code of the Islamic Republic of Iran: An Overview". University of Essex: Research Paper Series.
Jump up ^ Children's Rights Alliance website.
Jump up ^ O'Brien, Carl (28 September 2006). "UN to seek changes in Constitution in support of children". Irish Times (Dublin).
Jump up ^ Or Kashti (21 November 2010). "UNICEF: Israel negligent in guarding children's rights". Haaretz (Tel Aviv).
Jump up ^ Children suffering devastating and lasting impact of Gaza crisis, says UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, United Nations Commission on Human Rights, 22 November 2012.
Jump up ^ United Nations Treaty Collection.
Jump up ^ Tavita v Minister of Immigration, 17 December 1993 [1994] 2 NZLR 257 at 265, cited in Ferdinandusse, Ward N., Direct Application of International Criminal Law in National Courts, Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 161. ISBN 978-90-6704-207-9
Jump up ^ "Children's Commissioner Act 2003 No 121 (as at 29 November 2007), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation". legislation.govt.nz. 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2011. Children's Commissioner Act 2003
Jump up ^ "Timeline: Anti-smacking legislation". TVNZ. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
Jump up ^ Saudi Arabia: Follow U.N. Call to End Juvenile Death Penalty, Human Rights Watch, 28 January 2006.
Jump up ^ Frost, Nick, Child Welfare: Major Themes in Health and Social Welfare, Taylor and Francis, 2004, p. 175; Routledge, 2005, ISBN 978-0-415-31257-8
Jump up ^ Davies, Martin, The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Social Work, Blackwell, 2000, p. 354. ISBN 978-0-631-21451-9
Jump up ^ "UK to sign UN children convention". BBC News. 19 September 2008. Retrieved 19 September 2008.
Jump up ^ Easton, Mark (19 September 2008). "UK to give up child rights opt-outs". BBC reporters blog.
Jump up ^ Harvey, Colin J., Human Rights in the Community: Rights As Agents For Change, Oxford: Hart, 2005, p. 234. ISBN 978-1-84113-446-8
Jump up ^ Hughes, Beverley, Minister for Children, Young People and Families, "Article defending the Government's position on smacking", press release, 8 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Evidence to the Joint Committee on Human Rights, UK Parliament, 12 May 2003.
Jump up ^ House of Lords and House of Commons Joint Committee on Human Rights, The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, Tenth Report of Session 2002–03, page 55.
Jump up ^ "Government Responses to Reports from the Committee", Session 2005-06, paras. 82, 85, 86: HL 104, HC 850.
Jump up ^ Smolin, David M. "Overcoming Religious Objections to the Convention on the Rights of the Child"[permanent dead link], Emory International Law Review, vol.20, p. 83.
Jump up ^ "Human Rights and Social Issues at the U.N.: A Guide for U.S. Policymakers", Heritage Foundation
Jump up ^ "HSLDA.org".
Jump up ^ US Supreme Court: Roper v. Simmons, No. 03-633: 1 March 2005
Jump up ^ "Questions and Answers on the UN Special Session on Children (Human Rights Watch, May 2, 2002)". hrw.org.
Jump up ^ "U.S.: Supreme Court Ends Child Executions (Human Rights Watch, March 1, 2005)".
Jump up ^ Miller v. Alabama certiori to the Court of Criminal Appeals of Alabama, No. 10-9646 (Argued 20 March 2012 - Decided 25 June 2012)
Jump up ^ Walden University Presidential Youth Debate Archived 11 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine., October 2008.
Jump up ^ "Child Rights Information Network".
Jump up ^ Podgers, "The Last Holdout," ABA Journal at 84 (March 2016)
Jump up ^ "UNICEF Azerbaijan - Media centre - UNICEF Azerbaijan launched special edition of State of the World’s Children to mark the 20th Anniversary of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in the Parliament". www.unicef.org. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The Child Protection System in Azerbaijan: Situation Analysis" (PDF).
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f FS. "Rights of children". www.mfa.gov.az. Retrieved 2017-08-28.
Jump up ^ "Protection of children rights in Azerbaijan".
Jump up ^ Yun, Seira (2014). "Breaking Imaginary Barriers: Obligations of Armed Non-State Actors Under General Human Rights Law – The Case of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child". Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies. 5 (1-2): 213–257. SSRN 2556825  .
Jump up ^ "UN rights chief welcomes new measure to stop violence against children". UN News Service Section. 20 December 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
United Nations General Assembly (20 November 1989). "Text of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child". ohchr.org. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
Signatures and ratifications, at depositary
UNICEF web site
Procedural history, related documents and photos on the Convention on the Rights of the Child (with protocols) in the Historic Archives of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law
NGO Alternative Reports submitted to the Committee on the Rights of the Child.
Biography of Eglantyne Jebb, author of the original Declaration
Section related to the CRC on the Children's Rights Portal
"everychild.ca" Child Rights Public Awareness Campaign of British Columbia, Canada. Resources include links and publications related to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
[show]
v
t
e
International human rights instruments
[show]
Declarations
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
Cairo Declaration of Human Rights
Declaration of the Rights of the Child
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
Paris Principles
[show]
International law
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
UN Convention Against Torture
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
Convention on the Political Rights of Women
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Convention on the Rights of the Child
United Nations Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
[show]
Regional law
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
European
Convention on Human Rights
Convention for the Prevention of Torture
European Convention on Nationality
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Social Charter
American Convention on Human Rights
Inter-American Convention
to Prevent and Punish Torture
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
[show]
International humanitarian law
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
Geneva Conventions
Hague Conventions
Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
[show]
v
t
e
Youth empowerment
Elements
Evolving capacities
Free-range parenting
Intergenerational equity
Leaving the nest
Student voice
Youth-adult partnership
Youth mainstreaming
Youth rights
Youth voice
Types
Community youth development
Anarchistic free school
Democratic free school
Positive youth development
Student activism
Student-centered learning
Student rights
Student voice
Youth activism
Youth council
Youth court
Youth engagement
Youth leadership
Youth-led media
Youth movement
Youth participation
Youth philanthropy
Youth service
Youth suffrage
Youth vote
Barriers
Adultcentrism
Adultism
Age restrictions
Ageism
Control freaks
Fear of youth (ephebiphobia)
Eleutherophobia
Fear of children (pediaphobia)
Gerontocracy
Grounding
Helicopter parent
Infantilization
Intrusiveness
Narcissism
Parental respect
School-to-prison pipeline
Vicariousness
Related articles
Beatnik
Beat Generation
Counterculture of the 1960s
Defense of infancy
Hippies
Hungry generation
International Youth Year
UK underground
Index of youth rights-related articles
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child&oldid=801670186"
Categories:
Convention on the Rights of the Child
United Nations treaties
History of youth
Treaties concluded in 1989
Treaties entered into force in 1990
Treaties of the Islamic State of Afghanistan
Treaties of Albania
Treaties of Algeria
Treaties of Andorra
Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola
Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Armenia
Treaties of Australia
Treaties of Austria
Treaties of Azerbaijan
Treaties of the Bahamas
Treaties of Bahrain
Treaties of Bangladesh
Treaties of Barbados
Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of Belize
Treaties of Benin
Treaties of Bhutan
Treaties of Bolivia
Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Treaties of Botswana
Treaties of Brazil
Treaties of Brunei
Treaties of Bulgaria
Treaties of Burkina Faso
Treaties of Myanmar
Treaties of Burundi
Treaties of the State of Cambodia
Treaties of Cameroon
Treaties of Canada
Treaties of Cape Verde
Treaties of the Central African Republic
Treaties of Chad
Treaties of Chile
Treaties of the People's Republic of China
Treaties of Colombia
Treaties of the Comoros
Treaties of Zaire
Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
Treaties of the Cook Islands
Treaties of Costa Rica
Treaties of Ivory Coast
Treaties of Croatia
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of Cyprus
Treaties of the Czech Republic
Treaties of Denmark
Treaties of Djibouti
Treaties of Dominica
Treaties of the Dominican Republic
Treaties of East Timor
Treaties of Ecuador
Treaties of Egypt
Treaties of El Salvador
Treaties of Equatorial Guinea
Treaties of Eritrea
Treaties of Estonia
Treaties of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Treaties of Fiji
Treaties of Finland
Treaties of France
Treaties of Gabon
Treaties of the Gambia
Treaties of Georgia (country)
Treaties of Germany
Treaties of Ghana
Treaties of Greece
Treaties of Grenada
Treaties of Guatemala
Treaties of Guinea
Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
Treaties of Haiti
Treaties of Honduras
Treaties of Hungary
Treaties of Iceland
Treaties of India
Treaties of Indonesia
Treaties of Iran
Treaties of Ba'athist Iraq
Treaties of Ireland
Treaties of Israel
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of Jamaica
Treaties of Japan
Treaties of Jordan
Treaties of Kazakhstan
Treaties of Kenya
Treaties of Kiribati
Treaties of North Korea
Treaties of South Korea
Treaties of Kuwait
Treaties of Kyrgyzstan
Treaties of Laos
Treaties of Latvia
Treaties of Lebanon
Treaties of Lesotho
Treaties of Liberia
Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Treaties of Liechtenstein
Treaties of Lithuania
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of the Republic of Macedonia
Treaties of Madagascar
Treaties of Malawi
Treaties of Malaysia
Treaties of the Maldives
Treaties of Mali
Treaties of Malta
Treaties of the Marshall Islands
Treaties of Mauritania
Treaties of Mauritius
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia
Treaties of Moldova
Treaties of Monaco
Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic
Treaties of Montenegro
Treaties of Morocco
Treaties of Mozambique
Treaties of Namibia
Treaties of Nauru
Treaties of Nepal
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of New Zealand
Treaties of Nicaragua
Treaties of Niue
Treaties of Niger
Treaties of Nigeria
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Oman
Treaties of Pakistan
Treaties of Palau
Treaties of Palestine
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of Papua New Guinea
Treaties of Paraguay
Treaties of Peru
Treaties of the Philippines
Treaties of Poland
Treaties of Portugal
Treaties of Qatar
Treaties of Romania
Treaties of the Soviet Union
Treaties of Rwanda
Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis
Treaties of Saint Lucia
Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Treaties of Samoa
Treaties of San Marino
Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe
Treaties of Saudi Arabia
Treaties of Senegal
Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
Treaties of Seychelles
Treaties of Sierra Leone
Treaties of Singapore
Treaties of Slovakia
Treaties of Slovenia
Treaties of the Solomon Islands
Treaties of Somalia
Treaties of South Africa
Treaties of South Sudan
Treaties of Spain
Treaties of Sri Lanka
Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1985–2011)
Treaties of Suriname
Treaties of Swaziland
Treaties of Sweden
Treaties of Switzerland
Treaties of Syria
Treaties of Tajikistan
Treaties of Thailand
Treaties of Togo
Treaties of Tonga
Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago
Treaties of Tunisia
Treaties of Turkey
Treaties of Turkmenistan
Treaties of Tuvalu
Treaties of Uganda
Treaties of Ukraine
Treaties of the United Arab Emirates
Treaties of the United Kingdom
Treaties of the United States
Treaties of Uruguay
Treaties of Uzbekistan
Treaties of Vanuatu
Treaties of Venezuela
Treaties of Vietnam
Treaties of Yemen
Treaties of Zambia
Treaties of Zimbabwe
Treaties of Czechoslovakia
Treaties of East Germany
Treaties of the Holy See
Treaties of Yugoslavia
1980 in New York (state)
Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions
Treaties extended to Anguilla
Treaties extended to Bermuda
Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands
Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
Treaties extended to Montserrat
Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Treaties extended to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands
Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
Treaties extended to Aruba
Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
Treaties extended to Greenland
Treaties extended to British Hong Kong
Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau
Treaties extended to Jersey
November 1989 events
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles with French-language external links
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from August 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Use dmy dates from September 2016
Use American English from December 2016
All Wikipedia articles written in American English
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikisource
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
فارسی
Føroyskt
Français
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Кыргызча
Latina
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nederlands
नेपाली
日本語
Norsk
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Саха тыла
Scots
Slovenščina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
Тоҷикӣ
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
ייִדיש
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 21 September 2017, at 03:04.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #00aa00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #926ec6; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ff9911; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

attrs: colspan style

value: th

value: sup

values: wikisource:UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

values: Children's Online Privacy Protection Act

values:
/wiki/Fair_Labor_Standards_Act
mw-redirect
Fair Labor Standards Act

values: History of youth rights in the United States

values: Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0px 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values: List of countries by minimum driving age

values:
/wiki/School_leaving_age
mw-redirect
School leaving age

values: Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States

values: Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions

values: Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse

values:
/wiki/Adam_Fletcher_(activist)
mw-redirect
Adam Fletcher (activist)

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values: Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography

values:
/wiki/Prostitution_of_children
mw-redirect
Prostitution of children

values: Edit section: Global standards and cultural relativism

values: Edit section: Child marriage and slavery

values: Edit section: States party and signatories

values:
/wiki/Administrative_Law
mw-redirect
Administrative Law

values: This is a factual statement, could we link to a reputable source (November 2015)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Parliament_of_Iran
mw-redirect
Parliament of Iran

values: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

values: Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007

values:
/wiki/Juvenile_execution
mw-redirect
Juvenile execution

values:
/wiki/Child_labor
mw-redirect
Child labor

values:
/wiki/Children%27s_Rights_Education
mw-redirect
Children's Rights Education

values:
/wiki/Stop_Child_Executions
mw-redirect
Stop Child Executions

values: Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.unhcr.org/uk/4d9474b49.pdf

values: s:UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

values: United Nations Commission on Human Rights

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mfa.gov.az/en/content/112

values:
nofollow
external text
//ssrn.com/abstract=2556825

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.unicef.org/crc/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://legal.un.org/avl/ha/crc/crc.html

values:
nofollow
http://www.everychild.ca/
external text

values: Template:International human rights instruments

values: Template talk:International human rights instruments

values: Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam

values: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

values: American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values: United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV)

values: United Nations Convention against Torture

values: Convention on the Political Rights of Women

values: Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

values: Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989

values: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

values: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

values: European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment

values: Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities

values: Inter-American Convention to Prevent and Punish Torture

values: Inter-American Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities

values: Convention relating to the Status of Refugees

values: Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees

values: Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness

values:
/wiki/Hague_Conventions_(1899_and_1907)
mw-redirect
Hague Conventions (1899 and 1907)

values: Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Age_restrictions
mw-redirect
Age restrictions

values:
/wiki/Control_freaks
mw-redirect
Control freaks

values:
/wiki/Grounding_(punishment)
mw-redirect
Grounding (punishment)

values: Category:Convention on the Rights of the Child

values: Category:Treaties entered into force in 1990

values: Category:Treaties of the Islamic State of Afghanistan

values: Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola

values: Category:Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda

values: Category:Treaties of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

values: Category:Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina

values: Category:Treaties of the State of Cambodia

values: Category:Treaties of the Central African Republic

values: Category:Treaties of the People's Republic of China

values: Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Congo

values: Category:Treaties of the Dominican Republic

values: Category:Treaties of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

values: Category:Treaties of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

values: Category:Treaties of the Republic of Macedonia

values: Category:Treaties of the Marshall Islands

values: Category:Treaties of the Federated States of Micronesia

values: Category:Treaties of the Mongolian People's Republic

values: Category:Treaties of Saint Kitts and Nevis

values: Category:Treaties of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

values: Category:Treaties of São Tomé and Príncipe

values: Category:Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro

values: Category:Treaties of the Solomon Islands

values: Category:Treaties of the Republic of the Sudan (1985–2011)

values: Category:Treaties of Trinidad and Tobago

values: Category:Treaties of the United Arab Emirates

values: Category:Treaties adopted by United Nations General Assembly resolutions

values: Category:Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands

values: Category:Treaties extended to the Cayman Islands

values: Category:Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands

values: Category:Treaties extended to the Isle of Man

values: Category:Treaties extended to Montserrat

values: Category:Treaties extended to the Pitcairn Islands

values: Category:Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

values: Category:Treaties extended to South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

values: Category:Treaties extended to the Turks and Caicos Islands

values: Category:Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles

values: Category:Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands

values: Category:Treaties extended to British Hong Kong

values: Category:Treaties extended to Portuguese Macau

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles with French-language external links

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from August 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:Use dmy dates from September 2016

values: Category:Use American English from December 2016

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: اتفاقية حقوق الطفل – Arabic

values: Uşaq Hüquqları Konvensiyası – Azerbaijani

values: Convenció sobre els drets de l'infant – Catalan

values: Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño – Spanish

values: پیمان‌نامه حقوق کودک – Persian

values: Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant – French

values: Convención sobre os Dereitos do Neno – Galician

values: 아동의 권리에 관한 협약 – Korean

values: Երեխայի իրավունքների կոնվենցիա – Armenian

values: Convenzione internazionale sui diritti dell'infanzia – Italian

values: אמנת זכויות הילד – Hebrew

values: Баланын укуктары жөнүндө конвенция – Kyrgyz

values: A gyermekek jogairól szóló egyezmény – Hungarian

values: Конвенција за правата на детето – Macedonian

values: ကလေးသူငယ် အခွင့်အရေး သဘောတူစာချုပ် – Burmese

values: Verdrag inzake de rechten van het kind – Dutch

values: बाल अधिकार महासन्धि – Nepali

values: 児童の権利に関する条約 – Japanese

values: FNs konvensjon om barns rettigheter – Norwegian

values: Bola huquqlari toʻgʻrisida konvensiya – Uzbek

values: Convenção internacional sobre os direitos da criança – Portuguese

values: Convenția asupra Drepturilor Copilului – Romanian

values: Конвенция о правах ребёнка – Russian

values: Оҕо быраабын конвенцията – Sakha

values: Convention on the Richts o the Bairn – Scots

values: Konvencija o otrokovih pravicah – Slovenian

values: مافنامەی جیھانیی مناڵان – Central Kurdish

values: Конвенција о правима дјетета – Serbian

values: குழந்தைகளின் உரிமைகளுக்கான உடன்படிக்கை – Tamil

values: Паймони Байналхалқии Ҳуқуқи Қӯдак – Tajik

values: Конвенція ООН про права дитини – Ukrainian

values: קאנווענץ פאר קינדער-רעכט – Yiddish

values: 兒童權利公約 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child rootpage-Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child skin-vector action-view


text:
Delaware Colony
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Delaware Colony
Colony of England (1664–1707)
Colony of Great Britain (1707–76)
1664–1776
Flag
Capital New Castle
Languages English, Dutch, Munsee, Unami
Government Constitutional monarchy
Legislature General Assembly of Delaware Colony
History
• Established 1664
• Independence 1776
Currency Pound sterling
Preceded by Succeeded by
New Netherland
Delaware
Today part of United States
Delaware Colony in the North American Middle Colonies consisted of land on the west bank of the Delaware River Bay. In the early 17th century the area was inhabited by Lenape and possibly the Assateague tribes of Native Americans. The first European settlers were the Swedes and the Dutch, but the land fell under English control in 1664. William Penn was given the deed to what was then called "the Lower Counties on the Delaware" by the Duke of York, in a deed separate from that which he held for the larger Province of Pennsylvania. Delaware was then governed as part of Pennsylvania from 1682 until 1701, when the Lower Counties petitioned for and were granted an independent colonial legislature, though the two colonies shared the same governor until 1776, when Delaware's assembly voted to break all ties with both Great Britain and Pennsylvania.
Contents
[hide]
1 Dutch and Swedish settlement
2 English conquest
3 Durham County, Maryland
4 New Castle, Kent, and Sussex Counties, Pennsylvania
5 References
6 Other sources
Dutch and Swedish settlement[edit]
From the early Dutch settlement in 1631 to the colony's rule by Pennsylvania in 1682, the land that later became the U.S. state of Delaware changed hands many times. Because of this, Delaware became a very heterogeneous society made up of individuals who were both religiously and culturally diverse.[citation needed]
The first European exploration of what would become known as the Delaware Valley was made by the Dutch ship Halve Maen under the command of Henry Hudson in 1609, during a voyage to locate the Northwest Passage to Asia. Hudson sailed into what now is the Delaware Bay. He would name it the South River, but this would later change after Samuel Argall discovered the river in 1610 after being blown off course. Argall would later rename the river Delaware, after Thomas West, Lord De La Warr, the second governor of Virginia.[1] Follow-up expeditions by Cornelius May in 1613 and Cornelius Hendrickson in 1614 mapped the shoreline of what would become Delaware for inclusion in the New Netherland colony. Initial Dutch settlement was centered up river at Fort Nassau at Big Timber Creek south of what is now Gloucester City, New Jersey.
Neither the Dutch nor the English showed any early interest in establishing any kind of settlement on this land. The first true attempt to settle Europeans in the territories that would become the State of Delaware was not made until 1629 when agents of the Dutch West India Company Gillis Hossitt and Jacob Jansz arrived to negotiate with the Native Americans to "purchase" land for a colony. (It was a rule among the Dutch that Native American land must always be purchased and never seized by force, but as the concept of land ownership was alien to the Americans, there was a great deal of cultural confusion attached to the transactions with the Dutch "payments" taken for gifts in keeping with Native custom.) Hossitt and Jansz secured a treaty granting the Dutch a parcel of land running along the shore eight Dutch miles long and half a Dutch mile deep (roughly 29 by just under 2 US miles), nearly coincidental with the coast of modern Sussex and Kent counties in Delaware.
In 1631 the Dutch sent a group of twenty-eight men to build a fort inside Cape Henlopen on Lewes Creek to establish the Zwaanendael Colony.[2] This first colony was established to take advantage of the large whale population and produce whale oil. A cultural misunderstanding with the Native Americans led to the massacre of the initial 28 colonists before a year was out.[2] Patroon David Pietersz. de Vries arrived shortly thereafter with an additional 50 settlers. Although he concluded a treaty with the Indians, deVries, his partners in Holland, and the Dutch West India Company decided the location was too dangerous for an immediate reattempt and the additional settlers were landed in New Amsterdam (New York) instead.
In March 1638, the Swedish colony of New Sweden became the first permanent European settlement in Delaware. The Kalmar Nyckel anchored at a rocky point on the Minquas Kill that is known today as Swedes' Landing (in Wilmington, Delaware.)[2] The New Sweden Company was organized and overseen by Clas Larsson Fleming, a Swedish admiral and administrator. Samuel Blommaert, a Flemish director of the Dutch West India Company who had grown frustrated with the company's policies assisted the fitting-out[3] The expedition was led, and had been instigated by Peter Minuit, the founding governor of New Netherland who had been dismissed by the Dutch West India Company which operated the colony as a concession. Minuit resented the company and was well aware of the spareness of Dutch occupation along the Zuyd (Delaware) river valley. Like the Dutch colony it aimed to squat, New Sweden was a multicultural affair, with Finns, Dutch, Walloons (Belgians) and Germans as well as Swedes among the settlers.
The first outpost of the Swedish settlement was named Fort Christina (now Wilmington) after Queen Christina of Sweden. Governor Johan Björnsson Printz administered the colony from 1643 to 1653. He was succeeded by Johan Classon Risingh, the last governor of New Sweden.[1] The Dutch had never accepted the Swedish colony as legitimate and the struggle between the forces of the Dutch West India Company and the officials and backers of New Sweden was on going. In 1651, New Netherland Governor Peter Stuyvesant had removed Fort Nassau and had it reassembled down river of Fort Christina as Fort Casimir, effectively encircling the Swedish colony. Fort Beversreede, a short-lived attempt to establish a foothold at the end of the Great Minquas Path (in modern Philadelphia) was abandoned. Three years later, the New Sweden colony attacked and seized the outpost, renaming it Fort Trinity. The struggle finally came to an end in September 1655. With the Second Great Northern War raging in Europe, Stuyvesant assembled a sufficient army and naval squadron to capture the Swedish forts, thus re-establishing control of the colony. Fort Casimir/Trinity was again renamed as New Amstel (later translated to New Castle) was made the center for fur trading and the colony's administration headquarters[1] and the area's European population began to boom.
English conquest[edit]
In 1664, after Colonel Richard Nicolls captured New Amsterdam, Robert Carr was sent to the Delaware River. He took over New Amstel, pillaging it and brutally maltreating its settlers, some of whom he sold into slavery in Virginia. Carr translated the name from Dutch into English and it has been known since as New Castle.[2] Carr and his troops continued down the shore, ravaging and burning settlements, including the famous Mennonite utopian community of Pieter Corneliszoon Plockhoy near present-day Lewes, Delaware, which was utterly destroyed. This effectively ended the Dutch rule of the colony and, for that matter, ended their claims to any land in colonial North America. Delaware was thenceforth claimed by New York under a Deputy of the Duke of York from 1664 to 1682, but not actually held in the Duke's possession nor his colonists, a situation taken advantage of by the proprietors of Maryland.[2]
Durham County, Maryland[edit]
Between 1669 and 1672, Delaware was an incorporated county under the Province of Maryland. When the Duke of York made use of his charter on behalf of courtier William Penn, through conveyances made by the governor of New York, there was a brief conflict of interest between the Catholic, Tory and whose son was likewise a sometime Jacobite sympathizer Lord Baltimore with their friend the aforesaid Duke, but this was a hard fought court battle subsequently relegated to a proprietary dispute between the Calvert and Penn families, since both were held in favor by both the King and Prince James. The Mason-Dixon line is said to have legally resolved vague outlines in the overlap between Maryland and Pennsylvania, which pretty much awarded Delaware to Pennsylvania, although Delaware would eventually prove too independent for legislation north of New Castle (as well as that from the southerly Chesapeake Bay), leading to the separation from Pennsylvania and unique pioneer status as America's first state, tied to neither province's destiny.
New Castle, Kent, and Sussex Counties, Pennsylvania[edit]
The area now known as Delaware became owned by William Penn, the Quaker owner of Pennsylvania. In contemporary documents from the early Revolutionary period, the area is generally referred to as "The Three Lower Counties on the Delaware River" (Lower Counties on Delaware) or by the names of the three counties, all of which retained linguistic and cultural connections to those of Maryland; New Castle, which related well to North East England's Newcastle as the defunct Durham County, Maryland (both Newcastle and Durham were relatively close to the Calvert regional identity as that of Northern England—and as landlords in County Longford, of the Irish Midlands, their barony shared some characteristics with the earlier English Catholic plantation by Mary I of England and Philip II of Spain in Queen's and King's counties), while Kent was contiguous with neighboring Kent County, Maryland and Sussex generally held a similar origin to Sussex County, Virginia, being the furthest removed from Penn's colony. The term "Lower Counties" refers to the fact that they were below the fall line, or farther downstream, on the Delaware River than the counties constituting and integrally within Pennsylvania proper, such as Philadelphia, Chester and Bucks counties.
After William Penn was granted the province of Pennsylvania by King Charles II in 1681, he asked for and later received the lands of Delaware from the Duke of York.[1] Penn had a very hard time governing Delaware because the economy and geology were largely the same as those of the Chesapeake. He attempted to merge the governments of Pennsylvania and the lower counties of Delaware. Representatives from both areas clashed heavily and in 1701 Penn agreed to having two separate assemblies. Delawareans would meet in New Castle and Pennsylvanians would gather in Philadelphia.[2] Delaware, like Philadelphia and unlike Maryland, continued to be a melting pot of sorts and was home to Swedes, Finns, Dutch, and French, in addition to the English, who constituted the dominant culture.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d tState of Delaware (A Brief History). State of Delaware. Accessed 2017-03-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Faragher, John Mack, ed. (1990) The Encyclopedia of Colonial and Revolutionary America. New York: Sachem Publishing Associates, Inc., pp. 106–108.
Jump up ^ A History of the Kalmar Nyckel and a New Look at New Sweden by John R.Henderson [1]
Other sources[edit]
Johnson Amandus. The Swedish Settlements on the Delaware, 1638–1664 (Philadelphia: Swedish Colonial Society, 1911)
Weslager, C. A. A Man and His Ship: Peter Minuit and the Kalmar Nyckel ( Kalmar Nyckel Foundation. Wilmington, Delaware. 1989)
[show]
v
t
e
The Thirteen Colonies of Colonial America
New England Colonies
Middle Colonies
Chesapeake Colonies
Southern Colonies
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Maryland
Massachusetts Bay
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
South Carolina
Virginia
Early English colonial entities
Carolina
East Jersey
Maine
New England
New Haven
Plymouth
Saybrook
West Jersey
[show]
v
t
e
British Empire
Legend
Current territory
Former territory
* Now a Commonwealth realm
Now a member of the Commonwealth of Nations
Historical flags of the British Empire
[show]
Europe
1542–1800 Ireland (integrated into UK)
1708–1757, 1763–1782 and 1798–1802 Minorca
Since 1713 Gibraltar
1800–1813 Malta (Protectorate)
1813–1964 Malta (Colony)
1807–1890 Heligoland
1809–1864 Ionian Islands
1878–1960 Cyprus
1921–1937 Irish Free State
[show]
North America
17th century and before 18th century 19th and 20th century
1579 New Albion
1583–1907 Newfoundland
1605–1979 *Saint Lucia
1607–1776 Virginia
Since 1619 Bermuda
1620–1691 Plymouth
1623–1883 Saint Kitts
1624–1966 *Barbados
1625–1650 Saint Croix
1627–1979 *Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1628–1883 Nevis
1629–1691 Massachusetts Bay
1632–1776 Maryland
since 1632 Montserrat
1632–1860 Antigua
1635–1644 Saybrook
1636–1776 Connecticut
1636–1776 Rhode Island
1637–1662 New Haven
1643–1860 Bay Islands
Since 1650 Anguilla
1655–1850 Mosquito Coast
1655–1962 *Jamaica
1663–1712 Carolina
1664–1776 New York
1665–1674 and 1702–1776 New Jersey
Since 1666 Virgin Islands
Since 1670 Cayman Islands
1670–1973 *Bahamas
1670–1870 Rupert's Land
1671–1816 Leeward Islands
1674–1702 East Jersey
1674–1702 West Jersey
1680–1776 New Hampshire
1681–1776 Pennsylvania
1686–1689 New England
1691–1776 Massachusetts Bay
1701–1776 Delaware
1712–1776 North Carolina
1712–1776 South Carolina
1713–1867 Nova Scotia
1733–1776 Georgia
1754–1820 Cape Breton Island
1762–1974 *Grenada
1763–1978 Dominica
1763–1873 Prince Edward Island
1763–1791 Quebec
1763–1783 East Florida
1763–1783 West Florida
1784–1867 New Brunswick
1791–1841 Lower Canada
1791–1841 Upper Canada
Since 1799 Turks and Caicos Islands
1818–1846 Columbia District/Oregon Country1
1833–1960 Windward Islands
1833–1960 Leeward Islands
1841–1867 Canada
1849–1866 Vancouver Island
1853–1863 Queen Charlotte Islands
1858–1866 British Columbia
1859–1870 North-Western Territory
1860–1981 *British Antigua and Barbuda
1862–1863 Stickeen
1866–1871 British Columbia
1867–1931 *Dominion of Canada2
1871–1964 Honduras
1882–1983 *Saint Kitts and Nevis
1889–1962 Trinidad and Tobago
1907–1949 Newfoundland3
1958–1962 West Indies Federation
1. Occupied jointly with the United States.
2. In 1931, Canada and other British dominions obtained self-government through the Statute of Westminster. See Name of Canada.
3. Gave up self-rule in 1934, but remained a de jure Dominion until it joined Canada in 1949.
[show]
South America
1631–1641 Providence Island
1651–1667 Willoughbyland
1670–1688 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands4
1831–1966 Guiana
Since 1833 Falkland Islands5
Since 1908 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands5
4. Now a department of Colombia.
5. Occupied by Argentina during the Falklands War of April–June 1982.
[show]
Africa
17th and 18th centuries 19th century 20th century
Since 1658 Saint Helena14
1792–1961 Sierra Leone
1795–1803 Cape Colony
Since 1815 Ascension Island14
Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha14
1806–1910 Cape of Good Hope
1807–1808 Madeira
1810–1968 Mauritius
1816–1965 The Gambia
1856–1910 Natal
1862–1906 Lagos
1868–1966 Basutoland
1874–1957 Gold Coast
1882–1922 Egypt
1884–1900 Niger Coast
1884–1966 Bechuanaland
1884–1960 Somaliland
1887–1897 Zululand
1890–1962 Uganda
1890–1963 Zanzibar
1891–1964 Nyasaland
1891–1907 Central Africa
1893–1968 Swaziland
1895–1920 East Africa
1899–1956 Sudan
1900–1914 Northern Nigeria
1900–1914 Southern Nigeria
1900–1910 Orange River
1900–1910 Transvaal
1903–1976 Seychelles
1910–1931 South Africa
1914–1960 Nigeria
1915–1931 South-West Africa
1919–1961 Cameroons6
1920–1963 Kenya
1922–1961 Tanganyika6
1923–1965 and 1979–1980 Southern Rhodesia7
1924–1964 Northern Rhodesia
6. League of Nations mandate.
7. Self-governing Southern Rhodesia unilaterally declared independence in 1965 (as Rhodesia) and continued as an unrecognised state until the 1979 Lancaster House Agreement. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
[show]
Asia
17th and 18th century 19th century 20th century
1685–1824 Bencoolen
1702–1705 Pulo Condore
1757–1947 Bengal
1762–1764 Manila and Cavite
1781–1784 and 1795–1819 Padang
1786–1946 Penang
1795–1948 Ceylon
1796–1965 Maldives
1812–1824 Banka and Billiton
1819–1826 Malaya
1824–1948 Burma
1826–1946 Straits Settlements
1839–1967 Aden
1839–1842 Afghanistan
1841–1997 Hong Kong
1841–1946 Sarawak
1848–1946 Labuan
1858–1947 India
1874–1963 Borneo
1879–1919 Afghanistan (protectorate)
1882–1963 North Borneo
1885–1946 Unfederated Malay States
1888–1984 Brunei
1891–1971 Muscat and Oman
1892–1971 Trucial States
1895–1946 Federated Malay States
1898–1930 Weihai
1878–1960 Cyprus
1907–1949 Bhutan (protectorate)
1918–1961 Kuwait
1920–1932 Mesopotamia8
1921–1946 Transjordan8
1923–1948 Palestine8
1945–1946 South Vietnam
1946–1963 North Borneo
1946–1963 Sarawak
1946–1963 Singapore
1946–1948 Malayan Union
1948–1957 Federation of Malaya
Since 1960 Akrotiri and Dhekelia (before as part of Cyprus)
Since 1965 British Indian Ocean Territory (before as part of Mauritius and the Seychelles)
8 League of Nations mandate. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
[show]
Oceania
18th and 19th centuries 20th century
1788–1901 New South Wales
1803–1901 Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania
1807–1863 Auckland Islands9
1824–1980 New Hebrides
1824–1901 Queensland
1829–1901 Swan River/Western Australia
1836–1901 South Australia
since 1838 Pitcairn Islands
1841–1907 New Zealand
1851–1901 Victoria
1874–1970 Fiji10
1877–1976 Western Pacific Territories
1884–1949 Papua
1888–1901 Rarotonga/Cook Islands9
1889–1948 Union Islands9
1892–1979 Gilbert and Ellice Islands11
1893–1978 Solomon Islands12
1900–1970 Tonga
1900–1974 Niue9
1901–1942 *Australia
1907–1953 *New Zealand
1919–1942 and 1945–1968 Nauru
1919–1949 New Guinea
1949–1975 Papua and New Guinea13
9. Now part of the *Realm of New Zealand.
10. Suspended member.
11. Now Kiribati and *Tuvalu.
12. Now the *Solomon Islands.
13. Now *Papua New Guinea.
[show]
Antarctica and South Atlantic
Since 1658 Saint Helena14
Since 1815 Ascension Island14
Since 1816 Tristan da Cunha14
Since 1908 British Antarctic Territory15
1841–1933 Australian Antarctic Territory (transferred to the Commonwealth of Australia)
1841–1947 Ross Dependency (transferred to the Realm of New Zealand)
14. Since 2009 part of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
15. Both claimed in 1908; territories formed in 1962 (British Antarctic Territory) and 1985 (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands).
Coordinates: 39°44′17″N 75°33′29″W / 39.738°N 75.558°W / 39.738; -75.558
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delaware_Colony&oldid=810059638"
Categories:
Former monarchies of North America
Former countries in North America
States and territories established in 1664
States and territories disestablished in 1776
Colonial Delaware
Pre-statehood history of Delaware
Thirteen Colonies
Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas
Former English colonies
1664 establishments in Delaware
1776 disestablishments in the United States
Colonial United States (British)
Hidden categories:
Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2012
All articles lacking in-text citations
Former country articles requiring maintenance
Pages using infobox former country with unknown parameters
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009
Coordinates on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Deutsch
Français
한국어
Italiano
Lietuvių
日本語
Română
Русский
Svenska
Türkçe
Edit links
This page was last edited on 13 November 2017, at 03:47.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: td

attrs: href title

value: b

values: Wikipedia:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check

value: span

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes

values: text-align:center; line-height:1.2em; font-size:135%; font-weight:bold;

values: width:50px; border:0; vertical-align:middle; font-size:30%; line-height:105%;

values: vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:115%; border:0;

values: width:50px; border:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right; line-height:105%; font-size:30%;

values: width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:transparent;

values: vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border-top:solid 1px #aaa; padding:0.2em 0em 0.2em 0em;

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display:table; width:100%; display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;

values: United States Declaration of Independence

values: border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;

values: width:100%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;

values: border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;

values: width:92%; background:transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;

values: width:95%; background: transparent; text-align:center; margin:0 auto;

values:
/wiki/Assateague_tribe
mw-redirect
Assateague tribe

values: Edit section: Dutch and Swedish settlement

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2009)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Cornelius_May
mw-redirect
Cornelius May

values:
/wiki/Queen_Christina_of_Sweden
mw-redirect
Queen Christina of Sweden

values:
/wiki/Johan_Rising
mw-redirect
Johan Rising

values:
/wiki/Second_Great_Northern_War
mw-redirect
Second Great Northern War

values:
/wiki/Mason-Dixon_line
mw-redirect
Mason-Dixon line

values: Edit section: New Castle, Kent, and Sussex Counties, Pennsylvania

values:
/wiki/Irish_Midlands
mw-redirect
Irish Midlands

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template talk:British overseas territories

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup

values:
/wiki/British_Saint_Lucia
mw-redirect
British Saint Lucia

values: History of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

values: Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina

values: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands

values:
/wiki/South-West_Africa
mw-redirect
South-West Africa

values: Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence

values:
/wiki/British_invasion_of_Manila
mw-redirect
British invasion of Manila

values: British Mandate for Mesopotamia (legal instrument)

values:
/wiki/Colony_of_Western_Australia
mw-redirect
Colony of Western Australia

values:
/wiki/Colony_of_South_Australia
mw-redirect
Colony of South Australia

values:
/wiki/Colony_of_Victoria
mw-redirect
Colony of Victoria

values:
/wiki/Union_Islands
mw-redirect
Union Islands

values:
/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Australia
mw-redirect
Commonwealth of Australia

values: Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

values: nowraplinks plainlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: Category:Former monarchies of North America

values: Category:Former countries in North America

values: Category:States and territories established in 1664

values: Category:States and territories disestablished in 1776

values: Category:Pre-statehood history of Delaware

values: Category:Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas

values: Category:1664 establishments in Delaware

values: Category:1776 disestablishments in the United States

values: Category:Colonial United States (British)

values: Category:Articles lacking in-text citations from April 2012

values: Category:All articles lacking in-text citations

values: Category:Former country articles requiring maintenance

values: Category:Pages using infobox former country with unknown parameters

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2009

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Delaware_Colony
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: 델라웨어 식민지 – Korean

values: デラウェア植民地 – Japanese

values: Делавэр (колония) – Russian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Delaware_Colony rootpage-Delaware_Colony vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view