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List of Prime Ministers of Nepal
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Prime Minister of Nepal
नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री
Coat of Arms of Nepal
Incumbent
Sher Bahadur Deuba
since 7 June 2017
Residence
Singha Durbar, Kathmandu
Appointer
Bidhya Devi Bhandari
as President of Nepal
Inaugural holder
Damodar Pande (Mul-Kaji)
Formation
1799 (Mul-Kaji)
Nepal
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Bidhya Devi Bhandari
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Sher Bahadur Deuba
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The position of Prime Minister of Nepal (Nepali: नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री, Nēpālkō Pradhānmantrī) in modern form was called by different names at different times of Nepalese history. At the time of the Shah dynasty, the Mul-Kajis served the function of Prime Ministers. In 1806, the position of Mukhtiyar was created by Rana Bahadur Shah, and the title was subsequently adopted. "Mukhtiyar" is formed from two words: 'Mukhya' and 'Akhtiyar'. Mukhya means Chief and Akhtiyar means Authority. Altogether it means the "Executive Head of the State". During the Rana dynasty, the position of Prime Minister was hereditary and the officeholder held additional titles — Maharaja of Lambjang and Kaski, Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Nepal and Grand Master of the Royal Orders of Nepal.
Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa was the first person to be referred to as Prime Minister by the British. However, the first Mukhtiyar to title himself as Prime Minister, as per the British convention, was Bhimsen's nephew, Mathabar Singh Thapa.
Few of Nepalese Prime Ministers have carried a democratic mandate. The first elected Prime Minister was Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, in 1959. After he was deposed and imprisoned in 1960, the King established the Panchayat system and Nepal did not have a democratic government until 1990, when the country became a constitutional monarchy after the Jana Andolan movement. The monarchy was abolished on 28 May 2008 by the 1st Constituent Assembly.
The current Prime Minister is Sher Bahadur Deuba, since 7 June 2017.
Contents
[hide]
1 Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Nepal (1799–2008)
1.1 Prime Ministers during the Absolute monarchy (1799–1990)
1.1.1 Mul-Kajis during the Shah expansion era (1799–1806)
1.1.2 Muktiyars during the Thapa/Pande era (1806–1846)
1.1.3 Prime Ministers during the Rana era (1846–1951)
1.1.4 Prime Ministers during the Transition era (1951–1960)
1.1.5 Prime Ministers during the Panchayat era (1960–1990)
1.2 Prime Ministers during the Constitutional monarchy (1990–2008)
2 Prime Ministers of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008–present)
3 External Links
4 References
5 See also
Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Nepal (1799–2008)[edit]
Prime Ministers during the Absolute monarchy (1799–1990)[edit]
Mul-Kajis during the Shah expansion era (1799–1806)[edit]
No.
Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office
Political Party
Took Office
Left Office
1
Damodar Pande
(1752–1804) 1799 1804 Independent
Muktiyars during the Thapa/Pande era (1806–1846)[edit]
No.
Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office
Political Party
Took Office
Left Office
—
Rana Bahadur Shah
(1775–1806) 26 February 1806 26 April 1806 Independent
2
Bhimsen Thapa
(1775–1839) 1806 1837 Independent
3
Rana Jang Pande
(1789–1843)
1st time 1837 1837 Independent
4
Ranga Nath Poudyal
(1773–?)
1st time 1837 1838 Independent
5
Chautariya Puskhar Shah
(1784–1846) 1838 1839 Independent
(3)
Rana Jang Pande
(1789–1843)
2nd time 1839 1840 Independent
(4)
Ranga Nath Poudyal
(1773–?)
2nd time 1840 1840 Independent
6
Fateh Jung Shah
(1805–1846)
1st time November 1840 January 1843 Independent
7
Mathabar Singh Thapa
(1798–1845) 28 November 1843 17 May 1845 Independent
(6)
Fateh Jung Shah
(1805–1846)
2nd time September 1845 14 September 1846 Independent
Prime Ministers during the Rana era (1846–1951)[edit]
No.
Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office
Political Party
Took Office
Left Office
8
Jung Bahadur Rana
(1816–1877)
1st time 15 September 1846 1 August 1856 Independent
9
Bam Bahadur Kunwar
(1818–1857) 1 August 1856 25 May 1857 Independent
—
Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Rana
(1823–1863)
Acting Prime Minister 25 May 1857 28 June 1857 Independent
(8)
Jung Bahadur Rana
(1816–1877)
2nd time 28 June 1857 25 February 1877 Independent
10
Ranodip Singh Kunwar
(1825–1885) 27 February 1877 22 November 1885 Independent
11
Bir Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana
(1852–1901) 22 November 1885 5 March 1901 Independent
12
Dev Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana
(1862–1914) 5 March 1901 27 June 1901 Independent
13
Chandra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana
(1863–1929) 27 June 1901 26 November 1929 Independent
14
Bhim Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana
(1865–1932) 26 November 1929 1 September 1932 Independent
15
Juddha Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana
(1875–1952) 1 September 1932 29 November 1945 Independent
16
Padma Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana
(1882–1961) 29 November 1945 30 April 1948 Independent
17
Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana
(1885–1967) 30 April 1948 12 November 1951 Independent
Prime Ministers during the Transition era (1951–1960)[edit]
No.
Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office
Political Party
Took Office
Left Office
18
Matrika Prasad Koirala
(1912–1997)
1st time 16 November 1951 14 August 1952 Nepali Congress
—
Direct rule by King
Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah
(1906–1955) 14 August 1952 15 June 1953 —
(18)
Matrika Prasad Koirala
(1912–1997)
2nd time 15 June 1953 14 April 1955 Rastriya Praja Party
—
Direct rule by King
Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah
(1920–1972) 14 April 1955 27 January 1956 —
19
Tanka Prasad Acharya
(1912–1992) 27 January 1956 26 July 1957 Nepal Praja Parishad
20
Kunwar Inderjit Singh
(1906–1982) 26 July 1957 15 May 1958 United Democratic Party
21
Subarna Shamsher Rana
(1910–1977) 15 May 1958 27 May 1959 Nepali Congress
22
Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala
(1914–1982) 27 May 1959 26 December 1960 Nepali Congress
Prime Ministers during the Panchayat era (1960–1990)[edit]
No.
Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office
Political Party
Took Office
Left Office
—
Direct rule by King
Mahendra Bir Bikram Shah
(1920–1972) 26 December 1960 2 April 1963 —
23
Tulsi Giri
(1926–)
1st time 2 April 1963 23 December 1963 Independent
24
Surya Bahadur Thapa
(1928–2015)
1st time 23 December 1963 26 February 1964 Independent
(23)
Tulsi Giri
(1926–)
2nd time 26 February 1964 26 January 1965 Independent
(24)
Surya Bahadur Thapa
(1928–2015)
2nd time 26 January 1965 7 April 1969 Independent
25
Kirti Nidhi Bista
(1927–)
1st time 7 April 1969 13 April 1970 Independent
—
Gehendra Bahadur Rajbhandari
(1923–1994)
Acting Prime Minister 13 April 1970 14 April 1971 Independent
(25)
Kirti Nidhi Bista
(1927–)
2nd time 14 April 1971 16 July 1973 Independent
26
Nagendra Prasad Rijal
(1927–1994)
1st time 16 July 1973 1 December 1975 Independent
(23)
Tulsi Giri
(1926–)
3rd time 1 December 1975 12 September 1977 Independent
(25)
Kirti Nidhi Bista
(1927–)
3rd time 12 September 1977 30 May 1979 Independent
(24)
Surya Bahadur Thapa
(1928–2015)
3rd time 30 May 1979 12 July 1983 Independent
27
Lokendra Bahadur Chand
(1940–)
1st time 12 July 1983 21 March 1986 Independent
(26)
Nagendra Prasad Rijal
(1927–1994)
2nd time 21 March 1986 15 June 1986 Independent
28
Marich Man Singh Shrestha
(1942–2013) 15 June 1986 6 April 1990 Independent
(27)
Lokendra Bahadur Chand
(1940–)
2nd time 6 April 1990 19 April 1990 Independent
Prime Ministers during the Constitutional monarchy (1990–2008)[edit]
No.
Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office
Political Party
Took Office
Left Office
Days
29
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
(1924–2011)
1st time 19 April 1990 26 May 1991 402 Nepali Congress
30
Girija Prasad Koirala
(1925–2010)
1st time 26 May 1991 30 November 1994 1284 Nepali Congress
31
Man Mohan Adhikari
(1920–1999) 30 November 1994 12 September 1995 286 Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
32
Sher Bahadur Deuba
(1946–)
1st time 12 September 1995 12 March 1997 547 Nepali Congress
(27)
Lokendra Bahadur Chand
(1940–)
3rd time 12 March 1997 7 October 1997 209 Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Chand)
(24)
Surya Bahadur Thapa
(1928–2015)
4th time 7 October 1997 15 April 1998 190 Rastriya Prajatantra Party
(30)
Girija Prasad Koirala
(1925–2010)
2nd time 15 April 1998 31 May 1999 411 Nepali Congress
(29)
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
(1924–2011)
2nd time 31 May 1999 22 March 2000 296 Nepali Congress
(30)
Girija Prasad Koirala
(1925–2010)
3rd time 22 March 2000 26 July 2001 491 Nepali Congress
(32)
Sher Bahadur Deuba
(1946–)
2nd time 26 July 2001 4 October 2002 435 Nepali Congress
—
Direct rule by King
Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah
(1947–) 4 October 2002 11 October 2002 7 —
(27)
Lokendra Bahadur Chand
(1940–)
4th time 11 October 2002 5 June 2003 237 Rastriya Prajatantra Party
(24)
Surya Bahadur Thapa
(1928–2015)
5th time 5 June 2003 3 June 2004 364 Rastriya Prajatantra Party
(32)
Sher Bahadur Deuba
(1946–)
3rd time 3 June 2004 1 February 2005 243 Nepali Congress (Democratic)
—
Direct rule by King
Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah
(1947–) 1 February 2005 25 April 2006 448 —
(30)
Girija Prasad Koirala
(1925–2010)
4th time 25 April 2006 28 May 2008 764 Nepali Congress
Prime Ministers of the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal (2008–present)[edit]
No.
Portrait
Name
(Birth–Death)
Term of Office
Political Party
Took Office
Left Office
Days
(30)
Girija Prasad Koirala
(1925–2010)
5th time 28 May 2008 18 August 2008 83 Nepali Congress
33
Pushpa Kamal Dahal
(1954–)
1st time 18 August 2008 25 May 2009 280 Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
34
Madhav Kumar Nepal
(1953–) 25 May 2009 6 February 2011 622 Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
35
Jhala Nath Khanal
(1950–) 6 February 2011 29 August 2011 204 Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
36
Baburam Bhattarai
(1954–) 29 August 2011 14 March 2013 563 Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
—
Khil Raj Regmi
(1949–)
Acting Prime Minister 14 March 2013 11 February 2014 334 Independent
37
Sushil Koirala
(1939–2016) 11 February 2014 12 October 2015 608 Nepali Congress
38
Khadga Prasad Oli
(1952–) 12 October 2015 4 August 2016 297 Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
(33)
Pushpa Kamal Dahal
(1954–)
2nd time 4 August 2016[1][2] 31 May 2017 300 Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist)
(32)
Sher Bahadur Deuba
(1946–)
4th time 7 June 2017[3] Incumbent 124 Nepali Congress
External Links[edit]
Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda sworn in as new Nepal PM". http://www.hindustantimes.com/. 2016-08-04. Retrieved 2017-07-08. External link in |work= (help)
Jump up ^ "Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda sworn in as new Nepal PM". http://www.hindustantimes.com/. 2016-08-04. Retrieved 2017-07-08. External link in |work= (help)
Jump up ^ "You are being redirected...". thehimalayantimes.com. Retrieved 2017-07-08.
See also[edit]
King of Nepal
President of Nepal
[show]
v
t
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Prime Ministers of Nepal
Kingdom of Nepal
(19th century–1990)
Damodar Pande
Bhimsen Thapa
Ranga Nath Poudyal
Chautariya Puskhar Shah
Rana Jang Pande
Ranga Nath Poudyal
Fateh Jung Shah
Mathabarsingh Thapa
Fateh Jung Shah
Jung Bahadur Rana
Bam Bahadur Kunwar
Krishna Bahadur Kunwar Rana
Jung Bahadur Rana
Renaudip Singh Bahadur
Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Dev Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Chandra Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Bhim Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Juddha Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Padma Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Mohan Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana
Matrika Prasad Koirala
vacant (1952–1953)
Matrika Prasad Koirala
vacant (1955–1956)
Tanka Prasad Acharya
Kunwar Inderjit Singh
Subarna Shamsher Rana
Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala
Tulsi Giri
Surya Bahadur Thapa
Tulsi Giri
Surya Bahadur Thapa
Kirti Nidhi Bista
vacant (1970–1971)
Kirti Nidhi Bista
Nagendra Prasad Rijal
Tulsi Giri
Kirti Nidhi Bista
Surya Bahadur Thapa
Lokendra Bahadur Chand
Nagendra Prasad Rijal
Marich Man Singh Shrestha
Lokendra Bahadur Chand
Kingdom of Nepal
(1990–2008)
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
Girija Prasad Koirala
Man Mohan Adhikari
Sher Bahadur Deuba
Lokendra Bahadur Chand
Surya Bahadur Thapa
Girija Prasad Koirala
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai
Sher Bahadur Deuba
vacant (2002)
Lokendra Bahadur Chand
Surya Bahadur Thapa
Sher Bahadur Deuba
vacant (2005–2006)
Girija Prasad Koirala
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(2008–present)
Girija Prasad Koirala
Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Madhav Kumar Nepal
Jhala Nath Khanal
Baburam Bhattarai
Khil Raj Regmi
Sushil Koirala
Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli
Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Sher Bahadur Deuba
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y-intercept
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Graph y=ƒ(x) with the x-axis as the horizontal axis and the y-axis as the vertical axis. The y-intercept of ƒ(x) is indicated by the red dot at (x=0, y=1).
In analytic geometry, using the common convention that the horizontal axis represents a variable x and the vertical axis represents a variable y, a y-intercept or vertical intercept is a point where the graph of a function or relation intersects the y-axis of the coordinate system.[1] As such, these points satisfy x = 0.
Contents
[hide]
1 Using equations
2 Multiple y-intercepts
3 x-intercepts
4 In higher dimensions
5 See also
6 References
Using equations[edit]
If the curve in question is given as y = f ( x ) , {\displaystyle y=f(x),} the y-coordinate of the y-intercept is found by calculating f ( 0 ) . {\displaystyle f(0).} Functions which are undefined at x = 0 have no y-intercept.
If the function is linear and is expressed in slope-intercept form as f ( x ) = a + b x , {\displaystyle f(x)=a+bx,} the constant term a {\displaystyle a} is the y-coordinate of the y-intercept.[2]
Multiple y-intercepts[edit]
Some 2-dimensional mathematical relationships such as circles, ellipses, and hyperbolas can have more than one y-intercept. Because functions associate x values to no more than one y value as part of their definition, they can have at most one y-intercept.
x-intercepts[edit]
Main article: x-intercept
Analogously, an x-intercept is a point where the graph of a function or relation intersects with the x-axis. As such, these points satisfy y=0. The zeros, or roots, of such a function or relation are the x-coordinates of these x-intercepts.[3]
Unlike y-intercepts, functions of the form y = f(x) may contain multiple x-intercepts. The x-intercepts of functions, if any exist, are often more difficult to locate than the y-intercept, as finding the y intercept involves simply evaluating the function at x=0.
In higher dimensions[edit]
The notion may be extended for 3-dimensional space and higher dimensions, as well as for other coordinate axes, possibly with other names. For example, one may speak of the I-intercept of the current-voltage characteristic of, say, a diode. (In electrical engineering, I is the symbol used for electric current.)
See also[edit]
Regression intercept
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "y-Intercept". MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
Jump up ^ Stapel, Elizabeth. "x- and y-Intercepts." Purplemath. Available from http://www.purplemath.com/modules/intrcept.htm.
Jump up ^ Weisstein, Eric W. "Root". MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Retrieved 2010-09-22.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Y-intercept&oldid=801812849"
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text:
The Westing Game
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary. It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real-world context. Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Westing Game
First edition
Author
Ellen Raskin
Country
United States
Genre
Mystery
Publisher
E. P. Dutton
Publication date
1978
Pages
216 pg
ISBN
0-525-47137-5
OCLC
53292898
LC Class
PZ7.R1817 We 2003
The Westing Game is a mystery novel written by Ellen Raskin and published by Dutton in 1978. It won the Newbery Medal recognizing the year's most distinguished contribution to American children's literature.[1] The story involves 16 seemingly unrelated heirs of reclusive businessman Sam Westing and his challenge to figure out the secret of his death. The heirs must figure out who killed Mr. Westing by clues in Mr. Westing's will.
The Westing Game was ranked number nine among all-time children's novels in a survey published by School Library Journal in 2012.[2] It has been adapted as the 1997 feature film Get a Clue (also distributed as The Westing Game).[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Premise
2 Characters
2.1 Pair One
2.2 Pair Two
2.3 Pair Three
2.4 Pair Four
2.5 Pair Five
2.6 Pair Six
2.7 Pair Seven
2.8 Pair Eight
2.9 Other characters
3 Epilogue
4 Other media
5 References
6 External links
Premise[edit]
Sunset Towers is a new apartment building on Lake Michigan, north of Milwaukee and just down the shore from the mansion owned by reclusive self-made millionaire Samuel W. Westing. (Despite the name, Sunset Towers faces east – into the sunrise.)
As the story opens, a man named Barney Northrup is selling apartments to a carefully selected group of tenants. It soon emerges that most of the tenants – regardless of age or occupation – are named as heirs in Westing's will. The will is structured as a puzzle, with the 16 heirs challenged to find the solution. Each of the eight pairs, assigned seemingly at random, is given $10,000 cash and a different set of baffling clues. The pair that solves the mystery will inherit Westing's entire $200 million fortune and control of his company.
Characters[edit]
Windy Windkloppel was an extremely rich businessman who made his fortune in paper products. He was very patriotic and never smoked, drank, or gambled. He was also Barney Northrup, Sam Westing, Sandy McSouthers, and Julian Eastman.
Pair One[edit]
Jacob "Jake" Wexler is a Jewish podiatrist, and a bookie on the side. He is married to Grace Wexler, whom he loves, but he also knows that she might never be happy with their life or financial situation. Jake is the father of Angela Wexler and Turtle Wexler.
Madame Sun Lin Hoo is the much-younger Chinese immigrant wife of James Shin Hoo. She barely speaks English and can usually be found working in Mr. Hoo's restaurant. It is rumored that Mr. Hoo married her for her 100-Year-old sauce recipe. Madame Hoo also steals various items throughout the story in order to sell them and buy a trip back to China. Madame Hoo is the step-mother of Doug Hoo. Although she is an heir she doesn't really contribute to the game.
Pair Two[edit]
Judge J.J. Ford, an intelligent and serious African-American woman in her forties who rarely smiles. She is suspicious of the game created by Sam Westing. Instead of winning, her goal is to discover the past of every heir. She prefers to work on her own, but uses her partner's ear for gossip to her advantage.
Alexander "Sandy" McSouthers was a doorman inSunset Towers. That was his disguise, as he was actually one of the four identities of Sam Westing. His description says that he previously worked at Westing Paper Products Corporation and claims to have been fired by Sam Westing himself for attempting to organize the workers. McSouthers is notable for his knowledge of Sunset Towers' gossip.
Pair Three[edit]
Grace Wexler, married to Jake Wexler and mother of Angela and Turtle, is a self-centered woman who is obsessed with her own image. She favors Angela while largely ignoring Turtle. She claims to be Mr. Westing's niece, and she purports her name as Grace Windsor Wexler, although it is actually Gracie Windkloppel Wexler. Grace wants to be an interior designer.
James Shin "Jimmy" Hoo is a middle-aged Chinese man, owner of Shin Hoo's restaurant and former entrepreneur, as well as Madame Hoo's husband and Doug's father. He claims Mr. Westing stole his patent for the disposable diaper and appears bitter and moody for this reason. He suffers from ulcers, and he can often be seen yelling at his son to study.
Pair Four[edit]
Tabitha-Ruth Wexler, known as Turtle or "Alice", is a highly intelligent 13-year-old girl. She is very protective of her long, dark braid of hair and kicks anyone who pulls it. She excels at playing the stock market. She is very fond of both Sandy McSouthers and her partner Flora Baumbach, and she also loves her family, even though her sister Angela seems to be favored. She has a slight crush on Doug Hoo.
Flora Baumbach is a shy 60-year-old dressmaker who becomes a maternal figure to her partner, Turtle. Her daughter, Rosalie, had Down syndrome and died of pneumonia at age 19. Her husband disappeared, and it is unknown whether he died or if there was a divorce. Flora is kind to everyone, and prefers to see the best in people. Turtle refers to her as "Baba," while she refers to Turtle as "Alice." At the end, she becomes friends with Julian Eastman and therefore Sam Westing himself.
Pair Five[edit]
Christos "Chris" Theodorakis is a 15-year-old boy who uses a wheelchair due to a degenerative muscle disease. He is very intelligent and enjoys birdwatching. His brother, Theo, is very protective of him. Chris's disease causes muscle spasms and affects his speech, but he is much more observant than he lets on – in part because he is often dismissed by others. Chris also develops a temporary friendship with Sydelle Pulaski.
Dr. Denton Deere is a 25-year-old medical intern. He is engaged to Angela. Dr. Deere is arrogant and extremely proud of the medical industry. He has an obsession with giving diagnoses to almost everyone. He later becomes a neurologist, gaining fame for his treatment of Chris's condition.
Pair Six[edit]
Berthe Erica Crow, usually referred to as simply Crow, is an extremely religious 57-year-old woman. Tight and introverted, she works as a cleaning woman for Sunset Towers, while also operating a downtown soup kitchen for the homeless. She plays a major role in Westing's plot, as it is revealed that she was formerly Mr. Westing's wife.
Otis J. Amber is a 62-year-old "delivery boy." Even outside of the game, he is often seen with Berthe Erica Crow, in part because he is actually a private investigator whom Sam Westing tasked with watching Crow. He assists Berthe with her soup kitchen. At the beginning of the story, he tells the tale of the bloody bet a boy once made involving the Westing mansion, which becomes an eerie theme throughout the book, using two words: "purple waves."
Pair Seven[edit]
Theo Theodorakis is a smart high school student, and very loyal to his family. He is protective of his brother Chris, and works hard in his parents' coffee shop. He is interested in becoming a writer, and also becomes friends with his partner, Doug Hoo.
Doug Hoo, son of Jimmy Hoo, is a high school track star, one of the best mile-runners in the state. Running is his passion, but his father often criticizes him for not studying. At the end, he wins two Olympic gold medals and sets the 1500m record as well
Pair Eight[edit]
Angela Wexler is a beautiful 20-year-old girl: fair, blonde, and very pretty. She is considered the 'perfect' daughter, often getting more attention than her sister Turtle. However, people only acknowledge her as an attractive object to be married to Dr. Denton Deere, and not an intelligent woman in her own right. Throughout the book, Angela grows in her independence and her distaste for being objectified. Not that many characters realize that she is scared of not obeying Grace's every command. She wants to do more than sitting still and looking pretty.
Sydelle Pulaski is a mysterious character who seems to have no connection to Mr. Westing or the other heirs. No one pays any attention to her, so she tries hard to be noticed. She seems to have an affinity for Chris Theodorakis. Eventually, it is revealed that she truly does not have a connection to Sam Westing, as Westing's lawyer mistakenly recruited her instead of a woman named Sybil Pulaski.
Other characters[edit]
Barney Northrup is a mysterious figure who sells all of the apartments in Sunset Towers to the various heirs. After this, he is rarely seen by any of the tenants.
Julian R. Eastman runs Westing Paper Products in Mr. Westing's absence. He was a witness to Mr. Westing's will.
Dr. Sidney Sikes is a good friend of Samuel Westing, and a witness to his will. Has no role in the game.
Edgar J. Plum is the young and fairly incompetent lawyer in charge of handling Samuel Westing's estate. Aside from reading Westing's will to the players, Plum has no part in the game.
Mr. and Mrs. Theodorakis run the Sunset Towers coffee shop. They have no role in the game, though their sons Chris and Theo do.
Epilogue[edit]
The epilogue of the story is told in the book's last three chapters, which depicts the heirs growing older and more successful, many of them changing their lives as a result of the game.
Crow and Otis Amber fall in love and are married, both leaving their jobs at Sunset Towers to work at Crow's soup kitchen, which many of the heirs leave donations to. Both die within a week of one another after several years of life together.
Flora Baumbach leaves the dressmaking business a few years after the game's conclusion, becoming Turtle's close friend and later Alice's nanny.
Denton Deere and Angela Wexler both question their life choices and ultimately separate. Denton becomes a neurologist due to his success in treating Chris Theodorakis' disease, and Angela returns to medical school to become a surgeon. Five years after the game's conclusion, the two are reunited, marry, and have a daughter named Alice.
Judge Ford agrees to finance Chris' education in homage to her mentor, Sam Westing. She is elected to the US Court of Appeals and later the Supreme Court.
Sunny Hoo ultimately never leaves her husband and adopts the nickname "Sunny." She becomes fluent in English, and becomes James' secretary in his new company. After he dies she finally takes her trip to China, but returns to take up the family business.
James Hoo leaves the restaurant business and gives "Hoo's on First" to Grace. He patents his shoe-sole idea and becomes a multimillionaire, and moves out of Sunset Towers with his family. He dies briefly before the book's conclusion, and is succeeded in the company by his wife.
Doug Hoo wins his first Olympic gold medal and set a new record for the 1500-meter run shortly after the game ends, and goes on to win two more. Retiring from athletics, he becomes a popular sports announcer.
Chris Theodorakis is ultimately able to manage the effects of his disease thanks to Denton's extensive research. However, he remains unable to walk and uses a wheelchair for the rest of his life. His college education is financed by Judge Ford, and he meets a girl named Shirley during his first year. The two later marry and become professors at the local university. Chris discovers and names a new breed of parrot (the "something-Christos parrot") during an expedition in Central America.
Sydelle Pulaski returns to her old job at Schultz Sausages and discovers that Mr. Schultz has a crush on her. She later marries him. The pair move to Hawaii, though Sydelle stays in touch with Angela. She gives up using crutches to get attention but requires the use of them on various occasions near the end of the novel.
Jake Wexler becomes unsatisfied with his job as a podiatrist, quits, and is recommended to a political position by Judge Ford. He becomes the Chairman of the State Gambling Commission and then the Wisconsin State Crime Commissioner, though the jobs give him little time to spend with his wife.
Grace Wexler takes control of Jimmy Hoo's restaurant, renaming it "Hoo's on First" and giving it a theme of local sports stars. It gets rave reviews. The success of "Hoo's on First" ultimately results in a chain of ten such restaurants, the latest of which allows her to work close to her husband in the state capital of Madison.
Theo Thedorakis attends a literary college, becoming an assistant to the reporter who writes the article about Doug's first gold medal. He later becomes a novelist. His first novel does not sell well, but at the book's end he has almost finished his second book. Theo marries Turtle, though they agree not to have children lest the children inherit Chris' disease. Theo and Chris' parents move to Florida after retiring from their coffee shop business.
Turtle Wexler, having solved the game by discovering Sam Westing's secret life, is dedicated to becoming his successor – and, ultimately, the president of Westing Paper Products. She takes on the nickname of T.R., attends college early (she is only 18 in her second year of college), and makes over $5 million in the stock market. Turtle marries Theo and begins teaching Angela and Denton's daughter Alice how to play chess.
Sandy McSouthers, who supposedly died after the game's conclusion, is revealed as Samuel Westing, Barney Northrup, and (primarily) Julian Eastman. He becomes Turtle Wexler's mentor, pays for her expensive education, and plays chess with her every Saturday, although she tells people she is "at the library." He dies on the Fourth of July.
Sam Westing, died from old age and was not murdered.
Other media[edit]
The Westing Game, adapted by Darian Lindle[3] and directed by Terry Brino-Dean,[4] was first produced at Prime Stage Theatre in Pittsburgh in 2009. The script is published by Dramatic Publishing.[5]
Get a Clue, adapted by Dylan Kelsey Hadley and directed by Terence H. Winkless was produced for television in 1997.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Newbery Medal & Honor Books, 1922–Present". Association for Library Service to Children. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Bird, Elizabeth (July 7, 2012). "Top 100 Chapter Book Poll Results". A Fuse #8 Production. Blog. School Library Journal (blog.schoollibraryjournal.com). Retrieved 28 October 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.pendantaudio.com/bios/darian.html
Jump up ^ http://www.athe.org/displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=105
Jump up ^ http://www.dramaticpublishing.com/p2759/The-Westing-Game/product_info.html
External links[edit]
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The Time Traveler's Wife
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the novel. For the film adaptation, see The Time Traveler's Wife (film).
The Time Traveler's Wife
First edition
Author
Audrey Niffenegger
Country
United States
Language
English
Published
2003 (MacAdam/Cage)
Media type
Print (hardcover)
Pages
546 pp (first edition)
ISBN
978-0-15-602943-8
OCLC
54487508
Dewey Decimal
813/.54 22
LC Class
PS3564.I362 T56 2003b
The Time Traveler's Wife is the debut novel of American author Audrey Niffenegger, published in 2003. It is a love story about a man with a genetic disorder that causes him to time travel unpredictably, and about his wife, an artist, who has to cope with his frequent absences and dangerous experiences. Niffenegger, frustrated in love when she began the work, wrote the story as a metaphor for her failed relationships. The tale's central relationship came to her suddenly and subsequently supplied the novel's title. The novel, which has been classified as both science fiction and romance, examines issues of love, loss, and free will. In particular, it uses time travel to explore miscommunication and distance in relationships, while also investigating deeper existential questions.
As a first-time novelist, Niffenegger had trouble finding a literary agent. She eventually sent the novel to MacAdam/Cage unsolicited and, after an auction took place for the rights, Niffenegger selected them as her publishers. The book became a bestseller after an endorsement from author and family friend Scott Turow on The Today Show, and as of March 2009 had sold nearly 2.5 million copies in the United States and the United Kingdom. Many reviewers were impressed with Niffenegger's unique perspectives on time travel. Some praised her characterization of the couple, applauding their emotional depth; others criticized her writing style as melodramatic and the plot as emotionally trite. The novel won the Exclusive Books Boeke Prize and a British Book Award. A film version was released in August 2009.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Composition and publication
3 Genre
4 Themes
5 Reception
6 Sequel
7 Awards and nominations
8 Adaptations
8.1 Audio book
8.2 Film
9 References
10 External links
Plot summary[edit]
Using alternating first-person perspectives, the novel tells the stories of Henry DeTamble (born 1963), a librarian at the Newberry Library in Chicago, and his wife, Clare Anne Abshire (born 1971), an artist who makes paper sculptures. Henry has a rare genetic disorder, which comes to be known as Chrono-Impairment, that causes him to involuntarily travel through time. When 20-year-old Clare meets 28-year-old Henry at the Newberry Library in 1991 at the opening of the novel, he has never seen her before, although she has known him most of her life.
Henry begins time traveling at the age of five, jumping forward and backward relative to his own timeline. When he leaves, where he goes, or how long his trips will last are all beyond his control. His destinations are tied to his subconscious—he most often travels to places and times related to his own history. Certain stimuli such as stress can trigger Henry's time traveling; he often goes jogging to keep calm and remain in the present. He searches out pharmaceuticals in the future that may be able to help control his time traveling. He also seeks the advice of a geneticist, Dr. Kendrick. Henry cannot take anything with him into the future or the past; he always arrives naked and then struggles to find clothing, shelter, and food. He amasses a number of survival skills including lock-picking, self-defense, and pickpocketing. Much of this he learns from older versions of himself.
Once their timelines converge "naturally" at the library—their first meeting in his chronology—Henry starts to travel to Clare's childhood and adolescence in South Haven, Michigan, beginning in 1977 when she is six years old. On one of his early visits (from her perspective), Henry gives her a list of the dates he will appear and she writes them in a diary so she will remember to provide him with clothes and food when he arrives. During another visit, he inadvertently reveals that they will be married in the future. Over time they develop a close relationship. At one point, Henry helps Clare frighten and humiliate a boy who abused her. Clare is last visited in her youth by Henry in 1989, on her eighteenth birthday, during which they make love for the first time. They are then separated for two years until their meeting at the library.
Clare and Henry marry, but Clare has trouble bringing a pregnancy to term because of the genetic anomaly Henry may presumably be passing on to the fetus. After six miscarriages, Henry wishes to save Clare further pain and has a vasectomy. However a version of Henry from the past visits Clare one night and they make love; she subsequently gives birth to a daughter, Alba. Alba is diagnosed with Chrono-Impairment as well but, unlike Henry, she has some control over her destinations when she time travels. Before she is born, Henry travels to the future and meets his ten-year-old daughter on a school field trip and learns that he dies when she is five years old.
When he is 43, during what is to be his last year of life, Henry time travels to a Chicago parking garage on a frigid winter night where he is unable to find shelter. As a result of the hypothermia and frostbite he suffers, his feet are amputated when he returns to the present. Henry and Clare both know that without the ability to escape when he time travels, Henry will certainly die within his next few jumps. On New Year's Eve 2006 Henry time travels into the middle of the Michigan woods in 1984 and is accidentally shot by Clare's brother, a scene foreshadowed earlier in the novel. Henry returns to the present and dies in Clare's arms.
Clare is devastated by Henry's death. She later finds a letter from Henry asking her to "stop waiting" for him, but which describes a moment in her future when she will see him again. The last scene in the book takes place when Clare is 82 years old and Henry is 43. She is waiting for Henry, as she has done most of her life.
Composition and publication[edit]
Audrey Niffenegger dyed her hair Clare-red to say "goodbye" to the novel after she had finished writing it.[1]
Niffenegger is an artist who teaches at the Center for Book and Paper Arts at Columbia College Chicago, where she prepares editions of handpainted books.[2] She produced some of her earlier works in editions of ten copies, which were sold in art galleries. However, she decided that The Time Traveler's Wife would have to be a novel: "I got the idea for the title, and when I draw I have this big drawing table covered with brown paper, and I write ideas down on the paper. So I wrote down this title and after a while I started to think about it. I couldn't think of a way to make it a picture book because still pictures don't represent time very well, so I decided to write a novel."[3] She was intrigued by the title because "it immediately defined two people and their relationship to each other".[2] Niffenegger said that its source was an epigraph to J. B. Priestley's 1964 novel Man and Time: "Clock time is our bank manager, tax collector, police inspector; this inner time is our wife." Drawing her central theme from this image, she says, "Henry is not only married to Clare; he's also married to time."[4] Other authors whom Niffenegger has cited as influencing the book include Richard Powers, David Foster Wallace, Henry James, and Dorothy Sayers.[5]
She has said the story is a metaphor for her own failed love affairs and that "I had kind of got the idea that there's not going to be some fabulous perfect soulmate out there for me, so I'll just make him up."[4][6] She also drew on her parents' marriage for inspiration—her father spent the bulk of each week traveling.[7] Despite the story's analogies to her own life, Niffenegger has forcefully stated that Clare is not a self-portrait; "She's radically different. I am much more willful and headstrong. ... I don't think I could go through a lifetime waiting for someone to appear, no matter how fascinating he was."[7]
Niffenegger began writing the novel in 1997; the last scene, in which an aged Clare is waiting for Henry, was written first, because it is the story's focal point.[2] The narrative was originally structured thematically. Responding to comments from readers of early drafts of the manuscript, Niffenegger reorganized the narrative so that it largely followed Clare's timeline.[5] The work was finished in 2001. With no history of commercial publication, Niffenegger had trouble finding interested literary agents—25 rejected the manuscript.[7][8] In 2002, she sent it unsolicited to the small, San Francisco-based publisher MacAdam/Cage, where it reached Anika Streitfeld. Streitfeld, who became Niffenegger's editor, "thought it was incredible. Right from the very beginning you feel like you are in capable hands, that this is someone who has a story to tell and who knows how to tell it."[9][10] She gave it to David Poindexter, the founder of the publishing firm, "who read it overnight and decided to buy the book".[9][10] However, Niffenegger had acquired an agent by this time, and several publishing houses in New York City were interested in the novel. The manuscript was put up for auction and MacAdam/Cage bid US$100,000, by far the largest sum it had ever offered for a book.[9] Although another publisher outbid them, Niffenegger selected MacAdam/Cage because they were so dedicated to her work. Also, Niffenegger explains that her "own natural inclination is to go small. My background is in punk music—I'd always pick the indie company over the giant corporation."[9]
Genre[edit]
Clare compares herself to Penelope, waiting for Odysseus, a literary allusion highlighted by reviewers.[11][12]
Reviewers have found The Time Traveler's Wife difficult to classify generically: some categorize it as science fiction, others as a romance.[13] Niffenegger herself is reluctant to label the novel, saying she "never thought of it as science fiction, even though it has a science-fiction premise".[2] In Niffenegger's view, the story is primarily about Henry and Clare's relationship and the struggles they endure.[2] She has said that she based Clare and Henry's romance on the "cerebral coupling" of Dorothy Sayers's characters Lord Peter Wimsey and Harriet Vane.[4]
Time travel stories to which the novel has been compared include Jack Finney's Time and Again (1970) F.M. Busby's short story "If This Is Winnetka, You Must Be Judy" and the film Somewhere in Time (1980).[14] Henry has been compared to Billy Pilgrim of Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five (1969).[15] Science fiction writer Terence M. Green calls the novel a "timeslip romance".[14] The Time Traveler's Wife is not as concerned with the paradoxes of time travel as is traditional science fiction. Instead, as critic Marc Mohan describes, the novel "uses time travel as a metaphor to explain how two people can feel as if they've known each other their entire lives".[15] Robert Nathan's Portrait of Jennie, as novel, or film, is another obvious comparison, although Jennie, as a ghost, travels time in one direction, not randomly.
Elements of the plot, particularly the list, bear comparison with Heinlein's 1941 By His Bootstraps, and in turn, with River Song's diary in Dr Who.
Themes[edit]
Niffenegger identifies the themes of the novel as "mutants, love, death, amputation, sex, and time".[16] Reviewers have focused on love, loss, and time. As Charlie Lee-Potter writes in The Independent, the novel is "an elegy to love and loss".[17] The love between Henry and Clare is expressed in a variety of ways, including through an analysis and history of the couple's sex life.[17][18]
While much of the novel shows Henry and Clare falling in love, the end is darker and "time travel becomes a means for representing arbitrariness, transience, [and] plain bad luck", according to The Boston Globe's Judith Maas.[19] As Andrew Billen argues in The Times, "The book may even serve as a feminist analysis of marriage as a partnership in which only the male is conceded the privilege of absence."[7] Several reviewers noted that time travel represents relationships in which couples cannot quite communicate with each other. Natasha Walter of The Guardian describes the story's attention to "the sense of slippage that you get in any relationship—that you could be living through a slightly different love story from the one your partner is experiencing."[18] She points, for example, to the section of the book which describes the first time Clare and Henry make love. She is 18 and he is 41, already married to her in his present. After this interlude, he returns to his own time and his own Clare, who says,
Henry's been gone for almost twenty-four hours now, and as usual I'm torn between thinking obsessively about when and where he might be and being pissed at him for not being here ... I hear Henry whistling as he comes up the path through the garden, into the studio. He stomps the snow off his boots and shrugs off his coat. He's looking marvelous, really happy. My heart is racing and I take a wild guess: "May 24, 1989?" "Yes, oh, yes!" Henry scoops me up ... and swings me around. Now I'm laughing, we're both laughing.[20]
The novel raises questions about determinism and free will. For example, critic Dan Falk asks, "Given that [Henry's] journey has 'already happened,' should he not simply be compelled to act precisely as he remembers seeing himself act? (Or perhaps he is compelled, and merely feels he has a choice...?)."[21] Although Henry seemingly cannot alter the future, the characters do not become "cynical" and, according to Lee-Potter, the novel demonstrates that people can be changed through love.[17] Walter notes that there is a "quasi-religious sense" to the inevitability of Henry's and Clare's lives and deaths.[18] Niffenegger, however, believes that the novel does not depict destiny but rather "randomness and meaninglessness".[8]
Reception[edit]
After novelist Scott Turow endorsed the novel on the Today Show, it became a bestseller.[2]
The hardback edition of The Time Traveler's Wife was published in the United States in September 2003 by MacAdam/Cage and in the United Kingdom by Random House on 1 January 2004.[9] MacAdam/Cage initiated an "extensive marketing drive", including advertising in The New York Times and The New Yorker and a promotional book tour by Niffenegger.[9] As a result, the novel debuted at number nine on the New York Times bestseller list. After popular crime writer Scott Turow, whose wife is a friend of Niffenegger, endorsed it on The Today Show, the first print run of 15,000 sold out and 100,000 more copies were printed.[2] In Britain, the book received a boost from its choice as a Richard & Judy book club recommendation—nearly 45,000 copies were sold in one week.[8] It was named the 2003 Amazon.com Book of the Year.[4] A December 2003 article in The Observer reported that although "a tiny minority of American reviewers" felt that the novel was "gimmicky", it was still "a publishing sensation".[9] At that point, the novel had been sold to publishers in 15 countries.[9] As of March 2009, it had sold almost 1.5 million copies in the United States and 1 million in the United Kingdom.[22] The success of The Time Traveler's Wife prompted almost every major publishing firm to attempt to acquire Niffenegger's second novel, Her Fearful Symmetry, which has been called "one of the most eagerly sought-after works in recent publishing history". It garnered her an advance of US$5 million from Scribner's.[23]
Reviewers praised Niffenegger's characterization of Henry and Clare, particularly their emotional depth.[12] Michelle Griffin of The Age noted that although Henry "is custom-designed for the fantasy lives of bookish ladies", his flaws, particularly his "violent, argumentative, depressive" nature, make him a strong, well-rounded character.[24] Charles DeLint wrote in The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction that one of Niffenegger's "greatest accomplishments" in the novel was her ability to convey the emotional growth of Clare and Henry in character arcs while at the same time alternating their perspectives.[25] Stephen Amidon of The Times, however, questioned the selfishness of the central characters.[26]
Most reviewers were impressed with the premise of the novel, but critical of its melodramatic style. While Griffin praised the plot and concept as "clever", she argued that Niffenegger's writing is usually "pedestrian" and the story at times contrived.[24] Heidi Darroch of the National Post agreed, contending that the story has an excess of overwrought emotional moments "which never quite add up to a fully developed plot".[12] Writing in The Chicago Tribune, Carey Harrison praised the originality of the novel, specifically the intersection of child-bearing and time travel.[27] Despite appreciating the novel's premise, Amidon complained that the implications of Henry's time-traveling were poorly thought out. For example, Henry has foreknowledge of the September 11 attacks but does nothing to try to prevent them. Instead, on 11 September 2001, he gets up early "to listen to the world being normal for a little while longer".[26] Amidon also criticized the novel's "overall clumsiness", writing that Niffenegger is "a ham-fisted stylist, long-winded and given to sudden eruptions of cliche".[26] Miriam Shaviv agreed to an extent, writing in The Jerusalem Post, "There are no original or even non-cliched messages here. True love, Niffenegger seems to be telling us, is timeless, and can survive even the worst circumstances. ... And yet, the book is a page-turner, delicately crafted and psychologically sound."[28] The Library Journal described the novel as "skillfully written with a blend of distinct characters and heartfelt emotions"; it recommended that public libraries purchase multiple copies of the book.[29]
Sequel[edit]
On September 23, 2013 it was announced that a sequel to the novel is in the works. The sequel will focus on Henry and Clare's daughter Alba as an adult. She finds herself in love with two different men: Zach, a normal man, and Oliver, a musician and fellow time-traveler. The first 25 pages are currently available with the purchase of The Time Traveler's Wife eBook.[30] In February 2014, Niffenegger estimated that the book "should be ready in 2018 or so".[31] In March 2017, Niffenegger stated on Twitter that the sequel would be called The Other Husband but didn't expect it to be released before 2019.[32]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Award
Year
Result
Locus Award for Best First Novel 2004 Nominated[33]
Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction 2004 Longlisted[34]
Arthur C. Clarke Award 2005 Shortlisted[35]
John W. Campbell Memorial Award 2005 Third place[36]
Exclusive Books Boeke Prize 2005 Won[37]
Geffen Award 2006 Nominated[38]
British Book Award for Popular Fiction 2006 Won[39]
Adaptations[edit]
Audio book[edit]
BBC Audio published an audio book of The Time Traveler's Wife that was narrated by William Hope and Laurel Lefkow, described as "feisty readers" in one review.[40]
HighBridge also produced an unabridged version in 2003, which is twelve hours long and narrated by Maggi-Meg Reed and Christopher Burns; their performance has been described as "sincere and passionate".[41]
The 2006 Audible/HighBridge version is narrated by Fred Berman and Phoebe Strole and is 17:43 in length.
Audible.co.uk produced an unabridged version in 2008, also narrated by Hope and Lefkow.
Film[edit]
Main article: The Time Traveler's Wife (film)
The film rights for The Time Traveler's Wife were optioned by Brad Pitt's production company Plan B Entertainment, in association with New Line Cinema, before the novel was even published.[42] The adaptation was written by Bruce Joel Rubin and directed by Robert Schwentke, and stars Rachel McAdams and Eric Bana. Filming began in September 2007 and the movie was released by Warner Bros. on 14 August 2009.[43][44] When asked about the prospect of her novel being turned into a film, Niffenegger said, "I've got my little movie that runs in my head. And I'm kind of afraid that will be changed or wiped out by what somebody else might do with it. And it is sort of thrilling and creepy, because now the characters have an existence apart from me."[45] In general, the film received mixed-to-negative reviews.[46] For example, The New York Times wrote that the film was an "often ridiculous, awkward, unsatisfying and dour melodramatic adaptation".[47]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Clara Chow, "Perfect timing", The Straits Times (10 July 2004). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Rebecca Caldwell, "A first novel anointed by Brad and Jennifer", The Globe and Mail (18 November 2003). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Benedicte Page, "A highly unusual marriage", Bookseller 5100 (24 October 2003). EBSCO (subscription required). Retrieved 13 June 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kate Zambreno, "Woman on the Edge of Time", The Independent (23 January 2004). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Todd Glasscock, "Time Bending: An Interview with Audrey Niffenegger", Exile on Ninth Street (19 November 2008). Retrieved 3 July 2009.
Jump up ^ Kristina Tom, "Lady in waiting no more", The Straits Times (23 July 2006). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Andrew Billen, "Success was all a matter of time", The Times (28 March 2006). Retrieved 10 May 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lisa Allardice, "A kind of magic", The Guardian (10 October 2005). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Lawrence Donegan, "America's most wanted: The Time Traveler's Wife, written by an unknown author and launched by a tiny publisher, will be the must-read for 2004", The Observer (14 December 2003). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Heidi Benson, "Time traveler takes off", The San Francisco Chronicle (28 September 2003). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ David Sexton, "Backwards and foreplay", The Evening Standard (12 January 2004). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Heidi Darroch, "Temporally-challenged lovers", National Post (13 December 2003). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Misha Davenport, "Writer enjoys the ride", Chicago Sun-Times (17 September 2003). Access World News (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Terence M. Green, "A timely romance", The Globe and Mail (1 November 2003). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Marc Mohan, "Love and Other Disasters, Time shifts in a heartbeat in this novel relationship", The Oregonian (26 October 2003). Access Word News (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Audrey Niffenegger, "Inquisitiveness and Desire Archived 21 June 2004 at the Wayback Machine.", Powells.com. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Charlie Lee-Potter, "The Time-Traveler's Wife by Audrey Niffenegger", The Independent (18 January 2004). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Natasha Walter, "Back to the future", The Guardian (31 January 2004). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Judith Maas, "An uneven chronicle of a couple over time", The Boston Globe (8 December 2003). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Audrey Niffenegger, The Time Traveler's Wife, (Orlando: Harvest Book/Harcourt Inc., 2003), 428–429. ISBN 978-0-15-602943-8.
Jump up ^ Dan Falk, In Search of Time: The Science of a Curious Dimension (New York: Macmillan, 2008), 197.
Jump up ^ Luke Leitch, "You're only as good as your second novel", The Times (17 March 2009). Retrieved 10 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Staff, "Blockbusters back from the dead", The New Zealand Herald (31 March 2009). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Michelle Griffin, "The times of their lives", The Age (31 January 2004). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Charles DeLint, "Review of The Time Traveler's Wife", The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction 106.5 (May 2004). Gale: Canadian Periodical Index (subscription required). Retrieved 13 June 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Stephen Amidon, "Back from the future", The Times (25 January 2004). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Carey Harrison, "Love conquers all—even time—in this tale", Chicago Tribune (5 October 2003). Access World News (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Miriam Shaviv, "Love, once upon a time", The Jerusalem Post (28 November 2003). Access World News (subscription only). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ David A. Beronä, "Review of The Time Traveler's Wife", Library Journal 128.13 (15 August 2003). EBSCO (subscription required). Retrieved 13 June 2009.
Jump up ^ Molly Driscoll (September 24, 2013). "The Time Traveler's Wife Gets a Sequel". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 2013-09-24.
Jump up ^ https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/1xu2qs/i_am_audrey_niffenegger_artist_and_writer_of_the/
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/aaniffenegger/status/841333457917743104
Jump up ^ 2004 Locus Awards Archived 1 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine.. www.locusmag.com. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
Jump up ^ The Time Traveler's Wife. www.orangeprize.co.uk. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ 2005 Arthur C. Clarke Awards. www.locusmag.com Retrieved 9 May 2009.
Jump up ^ 2005 Campbell Awards Archived 16 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. www.locusmag.com. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Boeke Award Winners Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine., www.exclusivebooks.com. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ 2006 Geffen Awards Archived 18 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine.. www.locusmag.com. Retrieved 9 May 2009.
Jump up ^ British Book Awards Archived 27 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. www.publishingnews.co.uk. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Sue Arnold, "Falling in love again", The Guardian (22 October 2005). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Kathryn Leide, Booklist 100.12 (15 February 2004). EBSCO (subscription required). Retrieved 13 June 2009.
Jump up ^ Dave McNary, "Rubin rewriting 'Time'", Variety (2 January 2007). Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Carl DiOrio, "Warners moves up 'Traveler's", The Hollywood Reporter (16 March 2009). Retrieved 4 May 2009.
Jump up ^ Michael Fleming and Dave McNary, "New Line finds its cast on 'Time', Variety (17 April 2007). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ James Cowan, "Niffenegger's first book, and it's about time", National Post (3 December 2003). LexisNexis (subscription required). Retrieved 25 April 2009.
Jump up ^ MetaCritic. The Time Traveler's Wife. Retrieved 4 November 2009.
Jump up ^ Manohla Dargis, "So Sorry, I Lost My Clothes Years Ago", The New York Times (14 August 2009). Retrieved 16 September 2009.
External links[edit]
Author's official website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Time_Traveler%27s_Wife&oldid=832805554"
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