text:
Fibrous joint
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Fibrous joint
Fibrous joints
Details
Identifiers
Latin
Articulatio fibrosa, junctura fibrosa
TA
A03.0.00.004
FMA
7492
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
Fibrous joints are connected by dense connective tissue, consisting mainly of collagen. These are fixed joints where bones are united by a layer of white fibrous tissue of varying thickness. In the skull the joints between the bones are called sutures. Such immovable joints are also referred to as synarthroses.
Contents
1 Types
2 Sutures
2.1 Types of sutures
2.2 List of sutures
2.2.1 Visible from the side
2.2.2 Visible from the front or above
2.2.3 Visible from below or inside
2.3 Gallery
3 Syndesmosis
3.1 Diagnosis of a syndesmotic injury
3.2 Syndesmotic tear
4 Gomphosis
5 References
6 External links
Types[edit]
Most fibrous joints are also called "fixed" or "immovable". These joints have no joint cavity and are connected via fibrous connective tissue.
The skull bones are connected by fibrous joints called sutures.[1]In fetal skulls the sutures are wide to allow slight movement during birth. They later become rigid (synarthrodial).
Some of the long bones in the body such as the radius and ulna in the forearm are joined by a syndesmosis (along the interosseous membrane). Syndemoses are slightly moveable (amphiarthrodial). The distal tibiofibular joint is another example.
A gomphosis is a joint between the root of a tooth and the socket in the maxilla or mandible (jawbones).[2]
Sutures[edit]
This section is about joints in the bones of the skull. For stitches holding tissues together, see Surgical suture. For natural structures of a wide range of animals, see Suture (anatomy). For other uses, see Suture (disambiguation).
Side view of the skull
Human skull side sutures right
A suture is a type of fibrous joint that is only found in the skull. The bones are bound together by Sharpey's fibres. A tiny amount of movement is permitted at sutures, which contributes to the compliance and elasticity of the skull. These joints are synarthroses.[1] It is normal for many of the bones of the skull to remain unfused at birth. The fusion of the skull's bones at birth is known as craniosynostosis. The term "fontanelle" is used to describe the resulting "soft spots". The relative positions of the bones continue to change during the life of the adult (though less rapidly), which can provide useful information in forensics and archaeology. In old age, cranial sutures may ossify (turn to bone) completely.[3] The joints between the teeth (gomphoses) and the joint between the mandible and the cranium, the temporomandibular joint, form the only non-sutured joints in the skull.
Types of sutures[edit]
Plane sutures - edges of the bones are flush with each other as in a normal butt joint
Limbous sutures - edges are bevelled so the plane of the suture is sloping as in a mitre joint
Schindylesis - formed by two bones fitting into each other similar to a bridle joint
Denticulate sutures - the edges slot into each other as in a finger joint
Serrate sutures - similar to a denticulate suture but the interlocking regions are serrated rather than square.
List of sutures[edit]
Fig. 1 Cranial sutures viewed from top of head
Most sutures are named for the bones they articulate, but some have special names of their own.
Visible from the side[edit]
Coronal suture - between the frontal and parietal bones
Lambdoid suture - between the parietal and occipital bones and continuous with the occipitomastoid suture
Occipitomastoid suture - between the occipital and temporal bones and continuous with the lambdoid suture
Sphenofrontal suture
Sphenoparietal suture
Sphenosquamosal suture
Sphenozygomatic suture
Squamosal suture - between the parietal and the temporal bone
Zygomaticotemporal suture
Zygomaticofrontal suture
Visible from the front or above[edit]
Frontal suture / Metopic suture - between the two frontal bones, prior to the fusion of the two into a single bone
Sagittal suture - along the midline, between parietal bones
Visible from below or inside[edit]
Frontoethmoidal suture
Petrosquamous suture
Sphenoethmoidal suture
Sphenopetrosal suture
Gallery[edit]
Lambdoid suture
Coronal suture
Squamosal suture
Zygomaticotemporal suture
Sagittal suture.
Sagittal suture.
Sagittal suture.
Top view of cranial suture.
Syndesmosis[edit]
A syndesmosis is a slightly movable fibrous joint in which bones such as the tibia and fibula are joined together by connective tissue. Examples include the distal tibia fibular joint as well as the radioulnar joint. Injuries to the ankle syndesmosis are commonly known as a "high ankle sprain". Although the syndesmosis is a joint, in the literature the term syndesmotic injury is used to describe injury of the syndesmotic ligaments. It comes from the Greek σύν, syn (meaning "with") and δεσμός, desmos (meaning "a band").[4] Syndesmosis sprains have received increasing recognition during recent years because of a heightened awareness of the mechanism, symptoms, and signs of injury.[5]
Diagnosis of a syndesmotic injury[edit]
Diagnosis of syndesmosis injuries by physical examination is often straightforward. Physical examination findings that are often positive include the squeeze test and the external rotation test. Patients with high-grade syndesmosis injuries often cannot perform a single-leg heel raise. Patients report pain in varying degrees over the anterior and often posterior distal fibular joint.[6]
Syndesmotic tear[edit]
The severity of acute syndesmosis injury is rated from grade I to III by several authors. A grade I injury is a partial anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament tear, meaning the exorotation and squeeze tests are negative for this grade. Grade II injury is a complete anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament and inferior interossesus ligament tear, meaning that squeeze test and exorotation are positive. This results in the injury being stabilized with immobilization but not operatively stabilized. A grade III injury is a complete anteroinferior tibiofibular ligament tear including a (partial) interosseous ligament tear and deltoid ligament avulsion, meaning the joint is unstable and positive on the exorotation and squeeze tests. This grade requires operative stabilization.[7] If the syndesmosis is torn apart as result of bone fracture, surgeons will sometimes fix the relevant bones together with a syndesmotic screw, temporarily replacing the syndesmosis, or with a tightrope fixation, which is called Syndesmosis Procedure.[8][9] The screw inhibits normal movement of the bones and, thereby, the corresponding joint(s). When the natural articulation is healed, the screw may be removed. The tightrope fixation with elastic fiberwire suture on the other hand allows physiologic motion of the ankle and may be permanent.
Gomphosis[edit]
The teeth, viewed from the right
A gomphosis, also known as a dentoalveolar syndesmosis,[10] is a joint that binds the teeth to bony teeth sockets in the maxillary bone and mandible. The fibrous connection between a tooth and its socket is a periodontal ligament. Specifically, the connection is made between the maxilla or mandible to the cementum of the tooth.
The motion of a gomphosis is minimal, though considerable movement can be achieved over time—the basis of using braces to realign teeth. The joint can be considered a synarthrosis.[11]
The gomphosis is the only joint-type in which a bone does not join another bone, as teeth are not technically bone. In modern, more anatomical, joint classification, the gomphosis is simply considered a fibrous joint because the tissue linking the structures is ligamentous.
A gomphosis is a specialized fibrous joint in which a conical process or peg of one bone fits into a hole or socket in another bone. (gomphos is a Greek word meaning bolt). Small quantity of fibrous tissue holds the bones together. No movement is possible at such peg-and-socket joints.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Module - Introduction to Joints". Archived from the original on 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
Jump up ^ Tomco, Rachel. "Fibrous Joints". AnatomyOne. Amirsys, Inc. Archived from the original on 2013-01-16. Retrieved 2012-09-28.
Jump up ^ Harth, Sebastian; Obert, Martin; Ramsthaler, Frank; Reuss, Christina; Traupe, Horst; Verhoff, Marcel (2009). "Estimating age by assessing the ossification degree of cranial sutures with the aid of Flat-Panel-CT". Legal Medicine (Tokyo). Elsevier. 11 (Supp.1): S186–S189. doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.091. PMID 19261532. Retrieved 5 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Dr. M. A. (Toby) Arnold; Deborah Bryce. "Arnold's Glossary of Anatomy". The University of Sydney.
Jump up ^ Jones, MH; Amendola, A. "Syndesmosis sprains of the ankle". Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2007, p.173-75.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Darren L, MD; Metzler, Adam V, MD. "Dynamically Unstable Syndesmosis Injuries". Slack Incorporated, 2013, p.209-11.
Jump up ^ Valkering, Kars P, MD; Vergroesen, Diederik, A, MD; Nolte, Peter A, MD, PhD. "Isolated Syndesmosis Ankle Injury". Slack Incorporated, 2012, p.e1705-10.
Jump up ^ http://www.aaos.org/news/aaosnow/may08/clinical4.asp
Jump up ^ http://www.arthrex.com/foot-ankle/tightrope
Jump up ^ "dentoalveolar syndesmosis". TheFreeDictionary.com.
Jump up ^ "Articulations". Archived from the original on 2007-01-04. Retrieved 2008-01-29.
External links[edit]
https://web.archive.org/web/20070104013319/http://commons.bcit.ca/biology/articulations/fibrous.html
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cranial sutures.
MedlinePlus Encyclopedia 002320
Age at Death Estimation from Cranial Suture Closures
Cranial suture closure and its implications for age estimation
https://web.archive.org/web/20070104013319/http://commons.bcit.ca/biology/articulations/fibrous.html
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Fibrous joints of the human skull
Syndesmosis
Pterygospinous ligament
Stylohyoid ligament
Sutures
Involving the frontal bone
frontoethmoidal suture
frontal suture
coronal suture
occipitomastoid
lambdoid
sagittal
Involving the sphenoid bone
sphenoethmoidal
with frontal bone
with parietal bone
sphenosquamosal
Involving the Petrous part of the temporal bone
sphenopetrosal
petrosquamous
squamosal
Facial: palatomaxillary suture
Involving the zygomatic process
with sphenoid bone
with temporal bone
with frontal bone
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Gomphosis
Periodontal fiber
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Dental alveolus
Gingiva
Cementum
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Condyloid joint
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Ball and socket joint
synostosis
by range of motion: Synarthrosis
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Terminology
Kinesiology
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Motions
general: Flexion/Extension
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Elevation/Depression
specialized/upper limbs: Protraction/Retraction
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specialized/lower limbs: Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion
Eversion/Inversion
Components
capsular: Joint capsule
Synovial membrane
Fibrous membrane
Synovial fluid
Synovial bursa
Articular disk/Meniscus
extracapsular: Ligament
Enthesis
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Hall & Oates
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Daryl Hall & John Oates" redirects here. For their 1975 album, see Daryl Hall & John Oates (album).
Hall & Oates
Daryl Hall and John Oates performing live at The O2 arena on Saturday 28th October 2017
Background information
Origin
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
United States
Genres
Pop rock
blue-eyed soul
soft rock
rhythm and blues
Years active
1970–present
Labels
Atlantic
RCA
Arista
U-Watch
Website
Official website
Members
Daryl Hall
John Oates
Daryl Hall and John Oates, often referred to as Hall & Oates, are an American musical duo. Daryl Hall is generally the lead vocalist; John Oates primarily plays electric guitar and provides backing vocals. The two write most of the songs they perform, separately or in collaboration. They achieved their greatest fame from the late 1970s to the mid-1980s with a fusion of rock and roll and rhythm and blues.[1]
Hall and Oates have sold an estimated 40 million records, making them the best selling music duo in history.[2] They are best known for their six No. 1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100: "Rich Girl", "Kiss on My List", "Private Eyes", "I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)", "Maneater", and "Out of Touch", as well as many other songs which charted in the Top 40. In total, they had 34 chart hits on the US Billboard Hot 100, seven RIAA platinum albums, and six RIAA gold albums.[3] Billboard magazine named them the most successful duo of the rock era, surpassing Simon & Garfunkel and The Everly Brothers. They have enjoyed moderate success in the United Kingdom with two UK top ten albums, spending a total of one-hundred and seventeen weeks in the UK top 75 album charts and eighty-four weeks in the top seventy-five of the UK Singles Chart.[4]
In 2003, Hall and Oates were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Billboard magazine had Hall and Oates at No. 15 on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time and the No. 1 duo,[5] while VH1 placed the duo as No. 99 on their list of the 100 greatest artists of all time. They were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.[6] On September 2, 2016, they received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[7]
Contents
1 History
1.1 1967–1972: Formation and early years
1.2 1972–1974: First albums
1.3 1975–1977: First hits
1.4 1977–1980: Leaner years and Sacred Songs
1.5 1980–1981: Voices
1.6 1981–1982: Private Eyes
1.7 1982–1983: H2O
1.8 1983–1984: Rock 'n Soul Part 1
1.9 1984–1985: Big Bam Boom
1.10 1985–1988: Live at the Apollo
1.11 1988–1990: The Arista years
1.12 1991–2006
1.13 2007–2013: Solo projects and hiatus
1.14 2013–present: Hall of Fame induction and touring
2 Songwriting
3 Name
4 Members
4.1 Musical duo
4.2 Backing musicians
4.2.1 Current band
4.2.2 Past musicians
5 Discography
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
History[edit]
1967–1972: Formation and early years[edit]
Daryl Franklin Hohl (born in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, on October 11, 1946)[8] and John William Oates (born in New York City, New York, on April 7, 1948)[9] first met at the Adelphi Ballroom in Philadelphia in 1967.[10] At the time they met, each was heading his own musical group, Hall with The Temptones and Oates with The Masters. They were there for a band competition when gunfire rang out between two rival gangs, and in trying to escape, they ran to the same service elevator.[10] On further discovering that they were interested in the same music and that both were attending Philadelphia's Temple University, they started spending time together on a regular basis and eventually shared a number of apartments in the city.[10] One of the apartments they shared had "Hall & Oates" on the mailbox, which became the duo's name.[11] It would take them another two years to form a musical duo, and three years after that, they signed to Atlantic Records and released their debut album.[12][13] The two didn't start working together seriously until 1970 after Oates got back from an extended stay in Europe.[8]
1972–1974: First albums[edit]
Early in their recording careers, Hall and Oates had trouble clearly defining their sound, alternating among folk, soul, rock and pop. None of their early albums - Whole Oats, Abandoned Luncheonette and War Babies - were very successful. Despite being produced by such big-name producers as Arif Mardin and Todd Rundgren, they had no hit singles during this time period, though Abandoned Luncheonette contained "She's Gone". This song would be covered by Lou Rawls and Tavares before Atlantic Records re-released the Hall and Oates version in 1976. "She's Gone," as covered by Tavares, did go to Number One on the R&B charts in 1974. It was originally written for Hall's first wife, Bryna Lublin (Hall), and initially inspired by Oates' being stood up on a date on New Year's Eve. Another Abandoned Luncheonette single, "Las Vegas Turnaround", was written about (and mentioned by first name) Hall's girlfriend, flight attendant and future songwriting collaborator Sara Allen. Despite the fact that none of the Atlantic albums were huge national hits, in Minneapolis–St. Paul, a number of tracks on Abandoned Luncheonette received significant airplay on local FM station KQRS, making it a local hit. This and the other regional success the album achieved were enough to push the album into the charts, reaching #33 on Nov. 20, 1976 and staying on the charts for 38 weeks.[14]
1975–1977: First hits[edit]
Ad for Belkin Productions, Cleveland Public Hall, WMMS Radio in The Plain Dealer Newspaper on December 5, 1976
Hall and Oates left Atlantic Records after the release of War Babies to join RCA Records. Their first album for the new label, Daryl Hall & John Oates (often referred to by their fans as the silver album because of the silver foil material on the original album cover), was their first legitimate success. It contained the ballad "Sara Smile," a song Hall wrote for his aforementioned girlfriend Sara Allen. It also featured an album cover in which Hall and Oates are overly made up with cosmetic blush to the point where they looked like women, especially the long-haired and clean-shaven Hall. Hall would later say in an interview for VH1's Behind the Music that he looked like "the girl I always wanted to go out with" on that album cover. This cover was made by Pierre LaRoche, who created Ziggy Stardust for David Bowie.[15]
"Sara Smile" became their first Top 10 hit, reaching No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in June 1976. "She's Gone," re-released by Atlantic Records after "Sara Smile," also went to the Top 10, reaching No. 7 in October 1976. Hall and Oates followed those hits with the more pop-oriented album Bigger Than Both of Us later that year. Though the album's first single—the Philadelphia soul-oriented ballad "Do What You Want, Be What You Are"—barely made the Top 40, their second single, "Rich Girl," was a smash. The song was Hall and Oates' first No. 1 hit, reaching the top spot for the week ending March 26, 1977.[16]
1977–1980: Leaner years and Sacred Songs[edit]
After this small run of hits, Hall and Oates still encountered difficulty getting radio play. Despite touring constantly and recording albums with efficiency, the duo could not find any pop success for a number of reasons, mainly because of the popularity of the disco genre. By the time they released the rock-oriented albums Beauty on a Back Street in 1977 and Along the Red Ledge in 1978, disco music was trendy and taking most of the spots in popular music. Hall and Oates released X-Static in late 1979, which combined rock with dance music. The album did not fare well, although "Wait for Me" did hit the top 20. They did release a few hit singles during this period: the follow-up to "Rich Girl" ("Back Together Again") hit the Top 40, and "It's A Laugh" (from "Along The Red Ledge") hit the top 20 in 1978. In 1977, RCA attempted to push Daryl Hall to the fore with his first solo effort Sacred Songs. However, after being presented with the highly experimental recording (produced by Robert Fripp of King Crimson), RCA became unwilling to release what was, in their view, a non-commercial album. "Sacred Songs" was eventually released in 1980.
1980–1981: Voices[edit]
The 1980s brought about significant changes for Hall and Oates. The pair felt that the biggest hindrance to their success was that their music was being filtered through outside producers, and that studio musicians were not familiar with their own tastes and thoughts. They also wished to capture the sound of New York City which, by then, had become their home. As a result, instead of recording in Los Angeles, as they had done previously, they decided to record at Electric Lady Studios in New York City, just five minutes away from their apartments, and began producing their own recordings with their touring band backing them in the studio. They also enlisted Hall's girlfriend Sara Allen (and also her younger sister Janna) as songwriting collaborators, as well as beginning a working relationship with Neil Kernon, an engineer on Voices who would work as co-producer on their succeeding two albums.
The resulting album, Voices, was written, produced and arranged by Daryl Hall & John Oates in one month, according to their authorized biography Dangerous Dances (by Nick Tosches). The first two singles from the album charted fairly well, with "How Does It Feel to Be Back" charting at Number 30. The well-received cover of The Righteous Brothers' "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" just missed the Top 10, peaking at Number 12, but spent 14 weeks in the Top 40. After the release of that song, Oates' contribution as the lead vocalist diminished on future releases. The third single "Kiss on My List" hit Number 1 in April 1981 and remained there for three weeks. The follow-up single "You Make My Dreams" reached Number 5 in July of that year.
The other well-known song from Voices is the emotive ballad "Everytime You Go Away", with powerful lead vocals by Hall, who wrote it. British singer Paul Young had a Billboard Number 1 hit with a cover of the song in 1985. Though the Hall and Oates original (recorded in a Memphis-soul style) was never released as a single, it remains a fan favorite on the duo's greatest hits albums and was featured on their Apollo Theater album in 1985, and is frequently featured in their live set to this day.
1981–1982: Private Eyes[edit]
By the time "You Make My Dreams" was falling off the charts, Hall and Oates had already released their follow-up album Private Eyes. Having worked in the studio while Voices was at its peak in popularity, the two had already recorded most of their material and perfected a fusion of their doo-wop and soul roots with New Wave energy and hard rock grit.[17] The result was a pop classic that is often considered one of the greatest albums of the 80s[17] and was the first Hall and Oates album to reach the Top 10 on the Billboard 200 album chart, while four singles from Private Eyes all reached the Top 40.
The title track and "I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)" were nearly consecutive Number 1 hits, separated only by the ten-week stay at Number 1 by the monster hit "Physical" by Olivia Newton-John. "I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)" was one of the few songs ever recorded by a white act to reach Number One on both the R&B and the pop charts. "Did It in a Minute" reached Number 9 in the spring of 1982, and "Your Imagination" peaked at No. 33.[18] This album is now considered among the duo's best albums, mixing soul, new wave and power pop.
1982–1983: H2O[edit]
Their next album, H2O, a very polished, synth-heavy effort, became the duo's most successful album, with US sales eventually approaching four million copies. H2O reached #3 on the Billboard album chart (where it held for 15 weeks) and spawned three Top 10 singles. "Maneater", the biggest hit of their career, reached Number 1 on December 18, 1982 and stayed there for four weeks.
The soulful ballad "One on One" and a cover of Mike Oldfield's "Family Man" reached Number 7 and Number 6 in March and June 1983, respectively.
“ We try and take chances. Our new single "Maneater" isn't something that sounds like anything else on the radio. The idea is to make things better.
Daryl Hall - NME - November 1982[19]
”
According to John Oates, they recorded approximately 20 songs for the album, of which 9 didn't make the final cut. He went on to say they usually would have 5 or 6 tracks left over per album.[20]
"One On One," with its clever mixed-metaphorical references to romance and basketball, was used in NBA commercials of the period.[21] The commercial featured numerous players, including Hall of Famer James Worthy performing a 360-degree slow-motion lay-up during the saxophone solo.[22]
For the H2O album, Hall and Oates made some permanent changes to their current band. Drummer Mickey Curry, who had appeared on some Private Eyes tracks, including the title song, replaced Jerry Marotta full-time. Bassist Tom "T-Bone" Wolk, who had mimed John Siegler's bass line in the "Private Eyes" video, replaced Siegler full-time. These two joined the band's holdovers—lead guitar player G.E. Smith, and saxophonist Charlie "Mr. Casual" DeChant. De Chant and Wolk continued to perform with the duo until Wolk's death in early 2010, while Curry returned for the Do It for Love sessions.
1983–1984: Rock 'n Soul Part 1[edit]
By the fall of 1983, Hall and Oates were one of the biggest pop music acts in the United States. They had five Number 1 singles to their credit, two consecutive Top 10 albums and were one of the biggest names on MTV. Two covers of the 1957 Bobby Helms classic "Jingle Bell Rock" were recorded--one with Daryl on lead vocals, and the other with John on lead vocals--and released in time for Christmas 1983, complete with a humorous video of the band, that received extensive airplay on MTV. In 1983, they released their first greatest hits album entitled Rock 'n Soul Part 1. The album peaked at Number 7, and the two new songs that were written and recorded for that LP also became Top 10 hits as well.
The first single released from this album "Say It Isn't So" battled six weeks for the Number 1 spot with Paul McCartney and Michael Jackson's "Say Say Say" at the peak of Thriller mania. "Say It Isn't So" remained at Number 2 for an impressive four weeks from December 1983 to January 1984.
"Adult Education"
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Hall and Oates' follow-up single "Adult Education" received heavy airplay at both pop and black (urban contemporary) radio, and reached Number 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 in April 1984. It was accompanied by a dark, New York City-oriented music video set in a cave. Oates later told VH1 that the clip resembled the Survivor TV show on acid.
1984–1985: Big Bam Boom[edit]
Hall and Oates returned to the studio in 1984 after a rest period to begin work on the Big Bam Boom album. This album had even more of an electronic, urban feel to it than H2O, combining their song structure and vocalization with the latest technical advances in recording and playing. The album employed some of the most sophisticated equipment ever used in the recording industry at the time (most notably the Synclavier II, one of the first computerized synthesizer workstations, as well as the Fairlight CMI). Noted remix and hip-hop icon Arthur Baker worked very closely with the duo as a consultant, and produced dance remixes of four of the album's singles.
The lead-off song "Dance on Your Knees" (written by Hall and Baker) is basically an homage to Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five's song "White Lines (Don't Don't Do It)".[citation needed] Released in late 1984, the first single from the LP, "Out of Touch", became the group's sixth number 1 hit on December 8, 1984. "Method of Modern Love", which debuted on the pop charts while "Out of Touch" was at number 1, reached number 5 in February 1985. "Some Things Are Better Left Unsaid" reached number 18, and "Possession Obsession" (a song in which John Oates sings lead) reached number 30 in 1985 as well. The group's "Live Thru '85" tour to promote the album began in November 1984, sponsored by Pontiac's latest sports car, the Fiero. In addition, Pontiac allowed Oates, a skilled amateur racer, to drive in Pontiac's factory IMSA GTU race car in Camel GT pro races. In April 1984, the Recording Industry Association of America named Hall & Oates the most successful duo in rock history.[8]
1985–1988: Live at the Apollo[edit]
Hall and Oates have almost always toured extensively for each album release. But in 1985, the duo took a break after the release of their Live at the Apollo album with David Ruffin and Eddie Kendricks—voices of The Temptations and two of their heroes. This was RCA's second attempt at a live Hall and Oates album, following the 1978 release Livetime. Live at the Apollo was released primarily to fulfill the duo's contract with RCA, and contained a top-20 hit with a medley of "The Way You Do the Things You Do" and "My Girl", both hits Ruffin and Kendrick had recorded with the Temptations in 1964.
Hall and Oates had collaborated on the USA for Africa "We Are the World" project, with the former as one of the soloists and the latter as a chorus member, and performed at the Live Aid concert in Philadelphia, with Ruffin and Kendrick. The Hall and Oates band also backed up Mick Jagger's performance at this show.
Hall, Oates, Ruffin and Kendrick performed again at the MTV Video Music Awards in New York later that year, complete with an Apollo Theater-style marquee descending on the stage during their performance.
In May, 1985, Hall and Oates performed at the Nashville Municipal Auditorium.[23] Just prior to Live Aid, on July 4, they participated in Liberty Concert, an outdoor benefit concert at Liberty State Park in Jersey City, New Jersey for the restoration of the Statue of Liberty. It became a major music event, drawing an estimated crowd of over 60,000 people.
In 1986, Daryl Hall scored a Top 5 US hit with "Dreamtime", from the album "Three Hearts in the Happy Ending Machine". That album also included the Top 40 hit "Foolish Pride" and the Top 100 hit "Somebody Like You," later performed by the duo live on their "Behind the Music" set. Although John Oates did not have a solo hit as a singer, he did receive credit as co-songwriter (with Iva Davies) of the 1988 Icehouse top 10 US hit "Electric Blue." Oates also worked as producer, co-songwriter and co-lead vocalist of the single "Love Is Fire" by The Parachute Club, which was a top 40 hit in Canada in 1987.
1988–1990: The Arista years[edit]
Hall and Oates signed with Arista Records, their third record company, in 1987, shortly before the string of Top 10 hits ended, in Tommy Mottola's effort to keep them under contract when their RCA obligation ran out. Their first album for the label, Ooh Yeah!, included the hits "Everything Your Heart Desires" (Number 3 in May 1988—their last to make the Top 10), "Missed Opportunity", and "Downtown Life". Beginning with Ooh Yeah!, album and single releases were credited as Daryl Hall John Oates, with the '&' or 'and' missing between the duo's names. It was the last Hall and Oates album, other than greatest hits packages, to enjoy platinum success. They recorded one more album for Arista called Change of Season. The album's first single "So Close" (co-produced by Jon Bon Jovi) reached Number 11 and was Hall & Oates' last major hit. Another song from the album, "Don't Hold Back Your Love", was named by SOCAN as the second-most performed song in Canada for 1992;[24] it became a hit for Australian Sherbet front man Daryl Braithwaite in his solo years, and has become a Hall and Oates staple in concert. Change of Season was a more mainstream rock album than their previous work. Despite the fact that Ooh Yeah! and Change of Season reached platinum and gold status respectively, they were perceived as disappointments. In 1989, they covered and did their own version of the O'Jays song Love Train for the movie Earth Girls Are Easy.
1991–2006[edit]
The duo's occasional songwriting collaborator Janna Allen died of leukemia in 1993. Hall and Oates released the Marigold Sky album in 1997 (their first all-new studio album in seven years), which included an Adult Contemporary hit "Promise Ain't Enough". They also released a "VH1 Behind the Music" Greatest Hits package shortly after appearing on the show in 2002. At the same time, Daryl and Sara, professional/personal collaborators, broke off their romantic relationship after some three decades. Their friendship is still apparently strong; he has noted her help in his recovery from his 2005 attack of Lyme disease. Hall and Oates released the Do It for Love album in 2003, whose title track was a number-one Adult Contemporary hit. They have also released the Hall & Oates Live DVD from an A&E Live by Request special. This album was the first release (and first success) for their newest joint venture U-Watch Records. Hall has also released the solo albums Soul Alone (1993) and Can't Stop Dreaming (originally released in Japan in 1996), and a live two-disc solo album titled Live in Philadelphia (2004).[citation needed]
Hall and Oates covered Elton John's "Philadelphia Freedom" on the 1991 John/Taupin tribute album "Two Rooms", saying in the booklet: "We chose 'Philadelphia Freedom' because the music is so close to our hearts, and the lyrics represent the way we feel about Philadelphia."[citation needed] Oates released his own solo album in 2002 entitled Phunk Shui and a companion live concert DVD. Hall and Oates also released their first CD of (mostly) covers, Our Kind of Soul, in 2004. It includes some of their favorite R&B songs, such as "I'll Be Around" (their first Hot 100 entry in over a decade), "Love T.K.O.", and Dan Hartman's "I Can Dream About You", among others. Hall and Oates are still on the touring circuit, traveling nearly as much as they did in years past. In addition, a DVD of live performances of the songs from Our Kind of Soul was released in November 2005.[citation needed]
Hall and Oates released a Christmas album, Home For Christmas, on October 3, 2006, which contained two Christmas originals and covers, including a version of "It Came Upon a Midnight Clear", which became their second number one Adult Contemporary hit.[25]
2007–2013: Solo projects and hiatus[edit]
In September 2007, representatives of Montreal-based band Chromeo stated in a press release, "Indeed, Chromeo's idols Hall and Oates have asked them to collaborate with them on their upcoming record! Needless to say, the gentlemen are giddy like schoolchildren to be given this opportunity," as reported by Pitchfork Media.[26] This collaboration with Chromeo was expected to be released in late 2008/early 2009, and was released as "Live from Daryl's House." On May 20, 2008, Hall and Oates were honored as BMI Icons at the 56th annual BMI Pop Awards. As of 2008, their songwriting has collected 24 BMI Pop Awards and 14 BMI Million-Air awards.[27]
There were two notable nationally televised appearances for the duo in late 2008. On October 27, Oates sang the National Anthem before Game 5 of the 2008 World Series at Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia (Hall had taken sick, and the game was called on account of rain after the top of the 6th inning, but resumed on October 29, and the Phillies won, claiming their first World Series Championship in 28 years).[28] (Though born in New York, John was raised in a suburb of Philadelphia and attended Temple University.[29]) Then, on December 11, both Hall and Oates appeared on the year's last episode of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart. They sang a satirical tribute to Alan Colmes, as he would leave the show Hannity and Colmes on Fox News a month later.[30][31] On March 24, 2009, Hall and Oates performed together on the American television show Dancing with the Stars.[32] During 2009, the duo recorded a cameo for the movie You Again, performing "Kiss On My List" for the final scene and closing credits.[33]
On May 22 and 23, 2008, they performed at the Troubadour, 35 years after first performing there as an opening act. They played many popular selections, including 'Cab Driver' from Daryl Hall's solo album as well as several songs from the 'Abandoned Luncheonette' album, including 'Had I Known You Better Then' which had never been performed live before. The performance was recorded as a concert film and later released in the US as a double CD set with DVD/Blu-ray Combo on November 25, 2008. In 2009 the live performances of 'Sara Smile' from this album was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals, an incredible 33 years after the original song was released. Concerning the nomination, Daryl considered it truly a surprise.[34][35] This made it the third time that the band was nominated for a Grammy Award; the other two times were in 1981 for 'Private Eyes' and 1983 for 'Maneater'.
On October 13, 2009, a 4-CD box set was released, titled Do What You Want, Be What You Are: The Music of Daryl Hall and John Oates. This set represents the most comprehensive hits collection by the duo as it includes songs from various labels. Also included are three songs recorded by Hall and Oates with their earlier bands prior to their forming Hall and Oates as a duo. The boxed set sold 5,000 copies the first hour and, in total, it has sold 15,000 copies, according to Nielsen SoundScan, peaking at No. 89 on the Billboard 200 on October 23, 2009.[36] In one of the last concerts at the Wachovia Spectrum, Hall and Oates and Philadelphia-area musicians The Hooters and Todd Rundgren headlined a concert titled "Last Call". In 2010, Hall and Oates embarked on their "Do What You Want, Be What You Are" tour in the United States. They appeared on the American Idol season finale on May 26, 2010 performing "You Make My Dreams". Also in 2010, Hall and Oates announced they would join a growing artists' boycott of the state of Arizona over the state's recently passed anti-illegal immigrant laws.[37]
On May 8, 2012, the two performed on the NBC reality singing competition The Voice.
2013–present: Hall of Fame induction and touring[edit]
Hall and Oates perform live in 2017 at the Allstate Arena
On October 16, 2013, Hall and Oates were announced as 2014 nominees for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[38] They were announced as inductees for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's Class of 2014 on December 16, 2013.[39]
Daryl Hall started his monthly web series Live From Daryl's House[40] in 2007 after having the idea of "playing with my friends and putting it up on the Internet".[41] The series features him jamming with various guest musicians literally in his house in the woods. Guest artists on the show have run the gamut of musical styles and influences, and have included Smokey Robinson, Robby Krieger from The Doors, Rumer, Nick Lowe, Cee-lo Green, K.T. Tunstall, Todd Rundgren, Darius Rucker, and Chromeo.[42] In 2010, Live From Daryl's House won a Webby Award in the Variety category.[43]
In May 2014, Daryl Hall's home renovation program, Daryl's Restoration Over-Hall, premiered on the DIY Network.[44] On July 15, 2014, Hall and Oates performed in Ireland as a duo for the very first time (they each performed independently as solo acts before) at the Olympia Theatre, Dublin. The event was recorded, packaged as a 2 CD/DVD set and released as 'Live In Dublin' in Germany March 27, 2015 and in the US on March 30, 2015.[45] Hall and Oates indicated that the recorded concert was also being released in movie theaters nationwide for one day only.[46]
The duo made a cameo in the 2015 Happy Madison film Pixels. On September 2, 2016, Hall and Oates received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for their work in the music industry, located at 6752 Hollywood Boulevard.[47][48]
In March 2017, it was announced that they would be touring the US from May until the end of July 2017. The 29 date arena tour is with co-headliner Tears for Fears.[49] Hall & Oates headlined the BluesFest 2017 at the London O2 arena on 28 October 2017 supported by Chris Isaak. They played a Dublin concert the following night.
Songwriting[edit]
In an interview in a 1983 issue of Juke Magazine, John Oates was asked about whether conflicts arose. John replied that "we have our creative differences but we reconcile them". He said that if they both came up with a different way of doing something, they'd try it both ways and whatever sounded the better of the two they would use.[20]
Name[edit]
The duo never really liked to be referred to as "Hall & Oates." In an interview with Esquire, John Oates said, "There isn't one album that says Hall and Oates. It's always Daryl Hall and John Oates, from the very beginning. People never note that. The idea of 'Hall and Oates,' this two-headed monster, this thing, is not anything we've ever wanted or liked."[50]
Members[edit]
Musical duo[edit]
Daryl Hall – vocals, guitars, keyboards
John Oates – lead guitars, vocals
Backing musicians[edit]
Current band[edit]
Charles DeChant – saxophone, flute, percussion, keyboards, backing vocals (1976–present)
Brian Dunne – drums, percussion
Eliot Lewis – keyboards, backing vocals
Klyde Jones – bass guitar, backing vocals (2011–present)
Porter Carroll – percussion, backing vocals (2011–present)
Shane Theriot – guitars, backing vocals (2013–present)
Past musicians[edit]
Tom "T-Bone" Wolk – bass, guitar, backing vocals
Leland Sklar – bass
Bob Mayo – keyboards, guitars, backing vocals
G. E. Smith – guitars, backing vocals
Mickey Curry – drums
Jeff Catania – guitars
John Korba – keyboards, guitar, backing vocals
Willie Wilcox – drums
John Siegler – bass
Mike Braun – drums
Jerry Marotta – drums
Caleb Quaye – guitars
Kasim Sulton – bass, keyboards, backing vocals
Kenny Passarelli – bass
Keith Merritt – percussion
Robbie Michael – keytar
Danny Luna – guitar
Mike Klvana – keyboards
Roger Pope – drums
David Kent – keyboards
Todd Sharp – guitars
Stephen Dees – bass
Eddie Zyne – drums
Tony Beard - drums
Paul Pesco – guitar
Zev Katz – bass
Jeff Porcaro - drums
Everett Bradley – percussion, backing vocals
Jim Gordon – drums
Brad Fiedel – keyboards[51]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Hall & Oates discography
Whole Oats (1972)
Abandoned Luncheonette (1973)
War Babies (1974)
Daryl Hall & John Oates (1975)
Bigger Than Both of Us (1976)
Beauty on a Back Street (1977)
Along the Red Ledge (1978)
X-Static (1979)
Voices (1980)
Private Eyes (1981)
H2O (1982)
Big Bam Boom (1984)
Ooh Yeah! (1988)
Change of Season (1990)
Marigold Sky (1997)
Do It for Love (2003)
Our Kind of Soul (2004)
Home for Christmas (2006)
See also[edit]
Book: Hall & Oates
Philadelphia portal
List of artists who reached number one in the United States
List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. dance chart
List of Billboard number-one dance hits
List of Billboard number-one singles
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "KISS, Peter Gabriel And Nirvana Among Rock Hall Of Fame Inductees". Huffington Post. December 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Hall & Oates receive Hollywood Walk of Fame star". Retrieved 2017-07-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gaar, Gillin (2005). Hall & Oates: Our Kind of Soul Goldmine. pp. 14–17.
Jump up ^ "John Oates Biography". Biography.com. Archived from the original on August 30, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lewis, Pete. "Daryl Hall: Interview from Daryl's House". Bluesandsoul.com. Retrieved April 13, 2001.
Jump up ^ Murray, Noel (November 4, 2009). "Interview: Daryl Hall and John Oates". A.V. Club. Retrieved April 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ Peake, Steve. "Hall & Oates—Profile of the Quintessential Pop Duo of the '80s". About.com. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Hall & Oates: Biography". Allmusic. Archived from the original on December 12, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2011.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Hall and Oates-Private Eyes". Retrieved October 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Inc, Nielsen Business Media (1982-01-30). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.
Jump up ^ Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. p. 372. CN 5585.
^ Jump up to: a b Juke Magazine, November 6, 1982. "Hall & Oates: Water on the Brain by Allan Webster, page 20.
Jump up ^ "Brian Murphy, Page 2: Welcome to Cooler Day, ESPN.com, May 20, 2003". Espn.go.com. May 20, 2003. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Bill Simmons (February 15, 2007). "Bill Simmons, Page 2: All-star diamond in the Emerald City, ESPN.com, Feb. 5, 2007". Sports.espn.go.com. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Box Score Top Grossing Concerts. Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 1 June 1985. pp. 48–. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ Larry LeBlanc (14 November 1992). "'Do it for you' does it at the SOCAN Awards". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.: 48–. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ "Fred Bronson, Chart Beat, December 21, 2006", billboard.com Archived December 25, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Chromeo to Collaborate with Hall And Oates @ARTISTdirect". Artistdirect.com. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Daryl Hall & John Oates to be Named BMI Icons at 56th Annual Pop Awards May 20 in Los Angeles". bmi.com. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "MLB.com: Musical performers set for Game 5 of 2008 World Series". Mlb.mlb.com. October 26, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "John Oates Biography". Biography.com. Retrieved September 13, 2011. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Daily Show, Hall And Oates Pay Tribute To Alan Colmes [UPDATE: Hannity Responds]". Huffingtonpost.com. December 12, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Daily Show With Jon Stewart, December 11, 2008 on hulu", hulu.com Archived December 14, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Hall & Oates on Dancing With the Stars". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on March 29, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
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Jump up ^ Collis, Clark (December 3, 2009). "Daryl Hall on his unexpected Grammy nomination, why he might not go to the ceremony, and the current state of John Oates' mustache". EW.com. Retrieved March 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Donahue, Ann (November 3, 2010). "Hall & Oates Embrace Their Hipster Faithful". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-08-12.
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Bibliography[edit]
Oates, John (2017), Change of Seasons: A Memoir, St. Martin's Press, ISBN 978-1-250-08266-4
Laura Fissinger, Hall & Oates (Mankato: Creative Education, 1983).
Brad Gooch, Hall & Oates: Their Lives and Their Music (1985).
Nick Tosches, Dangerous Dances: The Authorized Biography (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984).
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hall & Oates.
Official website
Hall & Oates on Twitter
Hall & Oates - Presented in Behind the Music: Remastered by VH1.com
show
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Daryl Hall & John Oates
Daryl Hall
John Oates
Studio albums
Whole Oats (1972)
Abandoned Luncheonette (1973)
War Babies (1974)
Daryl Hall & John Oates (1975)
Bigger Than Both of Us (1976)
Beauty on a Back Street (1977)
Along the Red Ledge (1978)
X-Static (1979)
Voices (1980)
Private Eyes (1981)
H2O (1982)
Big Bam Boom (1984)
Ooh Yeah! (1988)
Change of Season (1990)
Marigold Sky (1997)
Do It for Love (2003)
Our Kind of Soul (2004)
Home for Christmas (2006)
Live albums
Livetime (1978)
Live at the Apollo (1985)
Greatest Hits Live (2001)
Compilation albums
No Goodbyes (1977)
Rock 'n Soul Part 1 (1983)
The Atlantic Collection (1996)
The Very Best of Daryl Hall & John Oates (2001)
VH1 Behind the Music: The Daryl Hall and John Oates Collection (2002)
Ultimate Daryl Hall + John Oates (2004)
Playlist: The Very Best of Daryl Hall & John Oates (2008)
The Singles (2008)
Singles
"She's Gone" (1974)
"Alone Too Long" (1975)
"Sara Smile" (1976)
"Rich Girl" (1977)
"Wait for Me" (1979)
"You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" (1980)
"Kiss on My List" (1981)
"You Make My Dreams" (1981)
"Private Eyes" (1981)
"I Can't Go for That (No Can Do)" (1981)
"Did It in a Minute" (1982)
"Maneater" (1982)
"One on One" (1983)
"Family Man" (1983)
"Jingle Bell Rock" (1983)
"Say It Isn't So" (1983)
"Adult Education" (1984)
"Out of Touch" (1984)
"Method of Modern Love" (1985)
"A Nite at the Apollo Live! The Way You Do the Things You Do/My Girl" (live) (1985)
"Everything Your Heart Desires" (1988)
"Love Train" (1989)
"So Close" (1990)
"Do It for Love" (2002)
"Someday We'll Know" (2003)
"Getaway Car" (2003)
"I'll Be Around" (2004)
"Without You" (2004)
"I Can Dream About You" (2005)
"Ooh Child" (2005)
"It Came Upon the Midnight Clear" (2006)
Hall solo albums
Sacred Songs (1980)
Three Hearts in the Happy Ending Machine (1986)
Soul Alone (1993)
Can't Stop Dreaming (1996)
Laughing Down Crying (2011)
Oates solo albums
Phunk Shui (2002)
John Oates: Live at the Historic Wheeler Opera House (2004)
Related articles
Discography
Interpreting the Masters Volume 1: A Tribute to Daryl Hall and John Oates
Live from Daryl's House
Book
Commons
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Rock and Roll Hall of Fame – Class of 2014
Performers
Peter Gabriel
Daryl Hall & John Oates
KISS
Nirvana
Linda Ronstadt
Cat Stevens
Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)
Brian Epstein
Andrew Loog Oldham
Award for Musical Excellence
E Street Band
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNE: XX129041
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Lathyrism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Lathyrism
Thanks to the grasspea, an aquatint print by Goya showing the use of grasspea as a famine food but also highlighting its effects (crippled woman lying on the floor)
Classification and external resources
Specialty
emergency medicine
ICD-10
T62.2
ICD-9-CM
988.2
DiseasesDB
32679
Patient UK
Lathyrism
MeSH
D007842
[edit on Wikidata]
Lathyrism or neurolathyrism is a neurological disease of humans and domestic animals, caused by eating certain legumes of the genus Lathyrus. This problem is mainly associated with Lathyrus sativus (also known as grass pea, chickling pea, kesari dal, or almorta) and to a lesser degree with Lathyrus cicera, Lathyrus ochrus and Lathyrus clymenum[1] containing the toxin ODAP.
The lathyrism resulting from the ingestion of Lathyrus odoratus seeds (sweet peas) is often referred to as odoratism or osteolathyrism, which is caused by a different toxin (beta-aminopropionitrile) that affects the linking of collagen, a protein of connective tissues.
Contents
1 Symptoms
2 Prevalence
3 Causes
4 Prevention
5 Treatment
6 Historical occurrence
7 Modern occurrence
8 Related conditions
9 References
10 External links
Symptoms[edit]
The consumption of large quantities of Lathyrus grain containing high concentrations of the glutamate analogue neurotoxin β-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP, also known as β-N-oxalyl-amino-L-alanine, or BOAA) causes paralysis, characterized by lack of strength in or inability to move the lower limbs, and may involve pyramidal tracts producing signs of upper motor neuron damage. The toxin may also cause aortic aneurysm.[2][3] A unique symptom of lathyrism is the atrophy of gluteal muscles (buttocks). ODAP is a poison of mitochondria,[3] leading to excess cell death, especially in motor neurons.[citation needed] Children can additionally develop bone deformity and reduced brain development.[4]
Prevalence[edit]
This disease is prevalent in some areas of Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Nepal,[5] and affects more men than women. Men between 25 and 40 are particularly vulnerable.[4]
Causes[edit]
Glutamic acid
Oxalyldiaminopropionic acid
The toxicological cause of the disease has been attributed to the neurotoxin ODAP which acts as a structural analogue of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Ingestion of legumes containing the toxin occurs, although knowledge of how to detoxify Lathyrus is present, but drought conditions can lead to fuel and water shortages preventing the necessary steps from being taken, particularly in impoverished countries.[4] Lathyrism usually occurs where the despair of poverty and malnutrition leaves few other food options. Lathyrism can also be caused by food adulteration.
Prevention[edit]
Recent research suggests that sulfur amino acids have a protective effect against the toxicity of ODAP.[6]
Eating the chickling pea with grain having high concentrations of sulphur-based amino acids reduces the risk of lathyrism if grain is available. Food preparation is also an important factor. Toxic amino acids are readily soluble in water and can be leached. Bacterial (lactic acid) and fungal (tempeh) fermentation is useful to reduce ODAP content. Moist heat (boiling, steaming) denatures protease inhibitors which otherwise add to the toxic effect of raw grasspea through depletion of protective sulfur amino acids. During times of drought and famine, water for steeping and fuel for boiling is frequently also in short supply. Poor people sometimes know how to reduce the chance of developing lathyrism but face a choice between risking lathyrism and starvation.[4]
The underlying cause for excessive consumption of grasspea is a lack of alternative food sources. This is a consequence of poverty and political conflict. The prevention of lathyrism is therefore a socio-economic challenge.
Treatment[edit]
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (July 2018)
Historical occurrence[edit]
The first mentioned intoxication goes back to ancient India and also Hippocrates mentions a neurological disorder 46 B.C. in Greece caused by Lathyrus seed.[7] Lathyrism was occurring on a regular basis.
During the Spanish War of Independence against Napoleon, grasspea served as a famine food. This was the subject of one of Francisco de Goya's famous aquatint prints titled Gracias a la Almorta ("Thanks to the Grasspea"), depicting poor people surviving on a porridge made from grasspea flour, one of them lying on the floor, already crippled by it.
During WWII, on the order of Colonel I. Murgescu, commandant of the Vapniarka concentration camp in Transnistria, the detainees - most of them Jews - were fed nearly exclusively with fodder pea. Consequently, they became ill from lathyrism.[8]
In the film Ashes [English title] by Andrzej Wajda based on the novel Popioly [Polish title] translated as Lost army [English title] by Stefan Żeromski spanning the period 1798–1812, a horse is poisoned by grain from a Spanish village. The footage of the horse losing control of its hind legs suggests that it was fed with Almortas.
Modern occurrence[edit]
During the post Civil war period in Spain, there were several outbreaks of lathyrism, caused by the shortage of food, which led people to consume excessive amounts of Almorta flour.[9]
In Spain, a seed mixture known as comuña[10] consisting of Lathyrus sativus, L. cicera, Vicia sativa and V. ervilia provides a potent mixture of toxic amino acids to poison monogastric (single stomached) animals. Particularly the toxin β-cyanoalanine from seeds of V. sativa enhances the toxicity of such a mixture through its inhibition of sulfur amino acid metabolism [conversion of methionine to cysteine leading to excretion of cystathionine in urine] and hence depletion of protective reduced thiols. Its use for sheep does not pose any lathyrism problems if doses do not exceed 50 percent of the ration.[11]
Ronald Hamilton suggested in his paper The Silent Fire: ODAP and the death of Christopher McCandless that itinerant traveler Christopher McCandless may have died from starvation after being unable to hunt or gather food due to lathyrism induced paralysis of his legs caused by eating the seeds of Hedysarum alpinum.[12] In 2014, a preliminary lab analysis indicated that the seeds did contain ODAP.[13] However, a more detailed mass spectrometric analysis conclusively ruled out ODAP and lathyrism.[14]
Related conditions[edit]
A related disease has been identified and named osteolathyrism, because it affects the bones and connecting tissues, instead of the nervous system. It is a skeletal disorder, caused by the toxin beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), and characterized by hernias, aortic dissection, exostoses, and kyphoscoliosis and other skeletal deformities, apparently as the result of defective aging of collagen tissue. The cause of this disease is attributed to beta-aminopropionitrile, which inhibits the copper-containing enzyme lysyl oxidase, responsible for cross-linking procollagen and proelastin. BAPN is also a metabolic product of a compound present in sprouts of grasspea, pea and lentils.[15] A disorder that is clinically similar is konzo.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Medical problems caused by plants: Lathyrism" at Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine online database
Jump up ^ William Howlett (2012). Neurology in Africa. pp. 248–249. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ Jump up to: a b "Lathyrism". Egton Medical Information Systems Limited.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Lathyrism
Jump up ^ Spencer P. S.; Ludolph A. C.; Kisby G. E. (July 1993). "Neurologic diseases associated with use of plant components with toxic potential". Environmental Research. 62 (1): 106–113. doi:10.1006/enrs.1993.1095. PMID 8325256.
Jump up ^ Sriram K.; Shankar S.K.; Boyd M.R.; Ravindranath V. (1998). "Thiol Oxidation and Loss of Mitochondrial Complex I Precede Excitatory Amino Acid-Mediated Neurodegeneration". The Journal of Neuroscience. 18 (24): 10287–10296. PMID 9852566.
Jump up ^ Mark V. Barrow; Charles F. Simpson; Edward J. Miller (1974). "Lathyrism: A Review". The Quarterly Review of Biology. 49 (2): 101–128. doi:10.1086/408017. JSTOR 2820941. PMID 4601279.
Jump up ^ isurvived.org: The Holocaust in Romania Under the Antonescu Government, by Marcu Rozen.
Jump up ^ "AZCOYTIA, Carlos (2006): "Historia de la Almorta or el veneno que llegó con el hambre tras la Guerra Civil Española". ''HistoriaCocina''". Historiacocina.com. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
Jump up ^ The etymological origin of this name is from "común" (common) in its meaning of mixture, referring to the mix of seeds obtained when cleaning the grain and which contaminate the main grain, generally wheat.
Jump up ^ J.E. Hernández Bermejo; J. León (1994). Neglected crops 1492 from a different perspective. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 92-5-103217-3.
Jump up ^ Ronald Hamilton (September 12, 2013). "ODAP and the death of Christopher McCandless".
Jump up ^ newyorker.com
Jump up ^ newyorker.com
Jump up ^ COHN, D.F. (1995) "Are other systems apart from the nervous system involved in human lathyrism?" in Lathyrus sativus and Human Lathyrism: Progress and Prospects. Ed. Yusuf H, Lambein F. University of Dhaka. Dhaka pp. 101-2.
External links[edit]
Lathyrism at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program
Detection of Toxic Lathyrus sativus flour in Gram Flour
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