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King of the Ring (2002)
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King of the Ring (2002)
Promotional poster
Promotion
World Wrestling Entertainment
Brand(s)
Raw
SmackDown!
Date
June 23, 2002
City
Columbus, Ohio
Venue
Nationwide Arena
Attendance
14,198
Theme
song(s)
"Ride of Your Life" by Neurotica
Sponsor(s)
Snickers Cruncher
Pay-per-view chronology
← Previous
Judgment Day (2002) Next →
Vengeance (2002)
King of the Ring chronology
← Previous
King of the Ring (2001) Next →
King of the Ring (2006)
King of the Ring (2002) was the tenth annual King of the Ring professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). It was presented by Snickers and took place on June 23, 2002, at the Nationwide Arena in Columbus, Ohio. It was the final King of the Ring pay-per-view event and the only King of the Ring pay-per-view to feature Raw and SmackDown! brands.
The main match from SmackDown! was a singles match for the WWE Undisputed Championship in which WWE Undisputed Champion The Undertaker defeated Triple H to retain the title. The main match from Raw was a singles match in which Brock Lesnar defeated Rob Van Dam in the finals to win 2002 King of the Ring tournament.[1] The predominant match on the undercard was Kurt Angle versus Hollywood Hulk Hogan; the other matches on the undercard were Ric Flair versus Eddie Guerrero, a Women's Championship match between champion Trish Stratus and challenger Molly Holly, and a Cruiserweight Championship match between champion The Hurricane and challenger Jamie Noble.[2]
Contents
1 Production
1.1 Background
1.2 Storylines
2 Event
2.1 Preliminary matches
2.2 Main event matches
3 Aftermath
4 Results
4.1 Tournament brackets
5 References
6 External links
Production[edit]
Background[edit]
The pay-per-view event featured the annual King of the Ring single elimination bracket tournament. The winner would earn a WWE Undisputed Championship match at SummerSlam on August 25. Qualifying matches for the tournament started on the June 3 episode of Raw, with X-Pac and Booker T defeating Goldust and the European Champion William Regal respectively.[1][3] On the June 6 episode of SmackDown!, two qualifying matches were held. The first match saw The Big Valbowski defeat Christian. The other scheduled match was between Chris Jericho and Edge. Edge forfeited the match due to his shoulder injury that he suffered the previous week in a steel cage match. Jericho attacked Edge and worsened his injury.[1][4] On the June 10 episode of Raw, the qualification continued as the Intercontinental Champion Rob Van Dam defeated Eddie Guerrero and Brock Lesnar defeated Bubba Ray Dudley.[1][5] On the June 13 episode of SmackDown!, the final qualification matches occurred with Test and Hardcore Holly defeating the Cruiserweight Champion The Hurricane and Tajiri respectively.[1][6] On the June 17 episode of Raw, the quarterfinal matches occurred with Rob Van Dam defeating X-Pac and Brock Lesnar defeating Booker T.[1][7] On the June 20 episode of SmackDown, Test defeated Hardcore Holly and Chris Jericho defeated Val Venis in the quarterfinal matches.[1][8]
Storylines[edit]
King of the Ring featured professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing feuds, plots, and storylines that were played out on Raw and SmackDown! – World Wrestling Entertainment's (WWE) television programs. Wrestlers portrayed a hero or villain as they followed a series of events that built tension, and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.[9] All wrestlers were from WWE's Raw and SmackDown! brands – a storyline division in which WWE employees are assigned to a television program of the same name.
The main rivalry heading into the event was between The Undertaker and Triple H for the WWE Undisputed Championship. At WrestleMania X-Seven the previous year, Undertaker and Triple H first fought each other with The Undertaker extending his WrestleMania record 9-0 by defeating Triple H. On the May 30 episode of SmackDown!, the storyline restarted when The Undertaker defeated Randy Orton to retain the WWE Undisputed Championship. Afterwards, Triple H assaulted Undertaker, claiming that if The Undertaker would give him a title shot, he wouldn't retain the title. Later that night, Undertaker distracted Triple H and costed him a match against Test.[10] After the match, The Undertaker nailed Triple H with multiple chair shots targeting his arm with it. On the June 6 episode of SmackDown, Triple H and Hollywood Hulk Hogan co-won a battle royal, an over-the-top-rope elimination match. The match was to determine the number one contender for the WWE Undisputed Championship at King of the Ring. The SmackDown! owner Mr. McMahon booked Triple H and Hogan for a singles match, which was also a rematch from Backlash between the two. In that match, Triple H defeated Hogan to become the number one contender for the WWE Undisputed Championship at King of the Ring.[4]
Kurt Angle wrestled Hollywood Hulk Hogan at King of the Ring
The predominant feud from the SmackDown! brand was between Kurt Angle and Hollywood Hulk Hogan. At Judgment Day, Angle got his head shaved bald after losing to Edge in a Hair vs. Hair match. Then, during the latter event, Hogan lost the WWE Undisputed Championship to The Undertaker due to interference from SmackDown! owner Mr. McMahon. On the May 23 episode of SmackDown!, Angle started wearing a hairpiece with a piece of amateur wrestling headgear after being shaven bald. On the May 30 episode of SmackDown!, Angle interrupted a staredown between Hogan and Mr. McMahon when he nailed Hogan with a steel pipe to the back of the head. Later that night, Hogan costed Angle a steel cage match against Edge.[10] On the June 13 episode of SmackDown, Hogan challenged Angle to a match at King of the Ring, which Angle accepted. Later that night, Angle and The Undertaker attacked Hogan before their tag team match against Hogan and Triple H. After Angle and Undertaker defeated Triple H by disqualification, Hogan went after Angle and eventually stripped Angle's wig from his head.[6]
The predominant feud from the Raw brand was between Ric Flair and Eddie Guerrero. For the previous two months, Ric Flair had feuded with Stone Cold Steve Austin ever since the start of the brand extension where Austin was a free agent and signed with the Raw brand on the April 1 episode of Raw, following advice from Mr. McMahon and Ric Flair. On the May 27 episode of Raw, Chris Benoit returned to the WWE from a neck injury that he suffered the previous year at the King of the Ring event. Later that night, after Eddie Guerrero lost the Intercontinental Championship to Rob Van Dam in a ladder match, Guerrero knocked Van Dam over the top rope with the ladder. Moments later, Austin charged to the ring and attacked Guerrero along with Flair and Arn Anderson until Chris Benoit got to the ring and assaulted Austin, enabling Guerrero to perform a frog splash on him. On the June 3 episode of Raw, Austin defeated Flair in a match where Flair became Austin's servant. If Flair would have won, Austin would have forever been on the bench. However, the feud ended abruptly with Austin's unexpected departure from the company on June 3 for his refusal to lose a hotshotted match to Brock Lesnar. That same night, Flair lost his half of the WWE ownership to Mr. McMahon and returned to active wrestling. On the June 17 episode of Raw, Flair gave a speech over losing the position of Raw owner to Mr. McMahon. The speech was interrupted by Guerrero and Benoit. Flair challenged Guerrero to a match at King of the Ring, which Guerrero accepted. Afterword, both Guerrero and Benoit assaulted Flair, ending with Guerrero straping Flair in Flair's own Figure-four leglock submission hold.[7]
A secondary feud from the SmackDown! brand was between The Hurricane and Jamie Noble for the Cruiserweight Championship. On the June 6 episode of SmackDown!, Noble and his valet Nidia made their WWE debut by attacking Hurricane in his locker room.[4] The following week on SmackDown!, after Hurricane lost to Test in a King of the Ring Qualifying match, Noble and Nidia made their way to the ring and took turns finishing the Hurricane off with a series of slaps before taking his mask. On the June 20 episode of SmackDown!, Noble defeated Billy Kidman to become the number one contender for Hurricane's Cruiserweight Championship at King of the Ring. After the match, The Hurricane got his mask back after nailing Noble with a chokeslam.[8]
A secondary feud from the Raw brand was between Trish Stratus and Molly Holly for the Women's Championship. On the April 1 episode of Raw, after Stratus defeated Terri Runnels in a Paddle on a Pole match, Holly returned in a drastic attitude change and new look by nailing Stratus in the head with a paddle, breaking it into two. On the May 27 episode of Raw, Stratus and Spike Dudley defeated Holly and William Regal in a mixed tag team match. After the match, Holly attacked Stratus with Regal's brass knuckles.[11] Holly would sneak attack Stratus on many occasions, leading to a title match between the two for Stratus' Women's Championship at King of the Ring.[3][5][7]
Event[edit]
Other on-screen personnel
Role:
Name:
Commentator Jim Ross
Jerry Lawler
Carlos Cabrera (Spanish)
Hugo Savinovich (Spanish)
Interviewer Michael Cole
Jonathan Coachman
Ring announcer Howard Finkel
Referee Mike Chioda
Charles Robinson
Brian Hebner
Earl Hebner
Chad Patton
Jim Korderas
Jack Doan
Chad Patton
Before the event aired live on pay-per-view, The Hardy Boyz (Matt Hardy and Jeff Hardy) wrestled Raven and Steven Richards in a match that aired live on Sunday Night Heat. The Hardy Boyz won when Jeff pinned Richards after Raven turned on his partner.
Preliminary matches[edit]
The event began with the semifinal round of the King of the Ring tournament involving Intercontinental Champion Rob Van Dam against Chris Jericho. The match went back and forth and both men earned momentum against each other. In the end, Jericho applied the Walls of Jericho on Van Dam, but the latter reached the ropes and executed a Five Star Frog Splash to advance to the final.
The second match of the semifinal was between Brock Lesnar and Test. Lesnar dominated most of the match until Test got control and attempted a pumphandle slam on Lesnar but Lesnar ducked the move. Test attempted a big boot, but Lesnar countered with the F-5 for the victory.[1][12]
In the third match of the event, The Hurricane defended the Cruiserweight against Jamie Noble. Hurricane dominated earlier part of the match until Noble got control. Hurricane regained momentum and finished Noble and went for the pin, but Noble's valet Nidia distracted the referee. Noble took advantage and executed a powerbomb and attempted a pin. Hurricane put his feet on the ropes, but Nidia knocked his feet and Noble won the title.[12]
Trish Stratus defended the Women's Championship against Molly Holly at King of the Ring
The fourth match pitted Eddie Guerrero against Ric Flair. Flair dominated the earlier part of the match until Guerrero attacked Flair's knee and kayfabe injured it. Guerrero worked on Flair's leg. During the match, Guerrero applied the Figure-four leglock on Flair. Guerrero continued to damage Flair's knee until Flair applied a figure-four leglock on Guerrero. Chris Benoit interfered in the match on Guerrero's behalf and distracted the referee. Guerrero began distracting the referee and Benoit applied a Crippler Crossface on Flair outside the ring. The referee noticed Benoit and ejected him from ringside. Bubba Ray Dudley interfered in the match and executed a Bubba Bomb on Guerrero. Flair pinned Guerrero to win the match.[12]
In the fifth match, Trish Stratus defended the Women's Championship against Molly Holly. Holly dominated most of the match, but Stratus got control and began using some of her signature moves on Holly. Holly regained the momentum and delivered a belly to belly suplex. Holly went on to pin Stratus while grabbing Stratus' tights to win the title.[12]
Main event matches[edit]
The sixth match pitted Kurt Angle against Hollywood Hulk Hogan. Angle dominated most of the match by using his amateur wrestling style. Hogan used his power moves on Angle, but Angle countered with a series of suplexes. Angle delivered an Angle Slam for a near-fall. Hogan began dominating Angle and took off his wig to reveal Angle's bald head. Angle applied an ankle lock on Hogan and forced Hogan to submit to win the match.[12]
Brock Lesnar won the 2002 King of the Ring tournament
The seventh match was the final round match of the King of the Ring tournament between Brock Lesnar and Rob Van Dam. Lesnar dominated Van Dam for most of the match with his power moves. Van Dam got control of Lesnar and used a series of kicks and a Rolling Thunder on Lesnar. Van Dam flew off the ropes, but Lesnar caught him on his shoulders and delivered an F-5 to win the King of the Ring tournament and earned a WWE Undisputed Championship match at SummerSlam.[1][12]
The main event match was for the WWE Undisputed Championship. The Undertaker defended the title against Triple H. The match went back and forth until Triple H dominated Undertaker. The Undertaker earned the momentum over Triple H until Triple H tried a Pedigree but Undertaker countered the move and pushed Triple H into the referee. The referee was knocked out, and Undertaker and Triple H knocked out each other. The Rock entered the arena and replaced Paul Heyman for commentary. Undertaker attacked The Rock, causing Rock to interfere in the match and attack Undertaker. The Rock tried to hit The Undertaker with a chair but Undertaker ducked and Triple H was hit with the chair. Undertaker executed a Last Ride for a near-fall. Rock executed a Rock Bottom on Undertaker and Triple H performed a Pedigree on Undertaker and tried to pin Undertaker, but the referee was still groggy. Undertaker hit Triple H with a low blow and pinned Triple H with a roll-up to retain the title. After the match, The Rock performed the People's Elbow on The Undertaker but Triple H performed a Pedigree on The Rock and The Undertaker performed a chokeslam on Triple H, ending the show.[12]
Aftermath[edit]
The Rock's involvement in the WWE Undisputed Championship match at King of the Ring made him the number one contender for the WWE Undisputed Championship at Vengeance. On the July 4 episode of SmackDown!, The Undertaker retained the title against Kurt Angle in a controversial fashion as Undertaker pinned Angle and Angle made Undertaker tap out at the same time. As a result, Angle was added to the title match, making it a triple threat match.[13] At Vengeance, The Rock defeated Angle and The Undertaker in a triple threat match for his seventh WWE Undisputed Championship.[14]
Due to defeating the Intercontinental Champion Rob Van Dam in the finals of the King of the Ring tournament, Brock Lesnar feuded with Van Dam over the Intercontinental Championship. At Vengeance, Van Dam defeated Lesnar by disqualification to retain the title.[15] After the event, Lesnar joined the SmackDown! brand and began feuding with the WWE Undisputed Champion The Rock as he had won the King of the Ring tournament and earned the right to challenge for the WWE Undisputed Championship at SummerSlam becoming the first winner of the King of the Ring tournament to have done so since Mabel in 1995. At SummerSlam, Lesnar defeated The Rock for the WWE Undisputed Championship.[16] and became the youngest champion in the title's history.[17]
Results[edit]
No.
Results[1][2][18]
Stipulations
Times
1H
The Hardy Boyz (Jeff Hardy and Matt Hardy) defeated Raven and Steven Richards[2] Tag team match 06:02
2
Rob Van Dam defeated Chris Jericho King of the Ring semifinal match 14:32
3
Brock Lesnar (with Paul Heyman) defeated Test King of the Ring semifinal match 08:18
4
Jamie Noble (with Nidia) defeated The Hurricane (c) Singles match for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship 11:38
5
Ric Flair defeated Eddie Guerrero Singles match 16:50
6
Molly Holly defeated Trish Stratus (c) Singles match for the WWE Women's Championship 05:41
7
Kurt Angle defeated Hollywood Hulk Hogan by submission Singles match 12:08
8
Brock Lesnar (with Paul Heyman) defeated Rob Van Dam King of the Ring final match for a WWE Undisputed Championship match at SummerSlam 05:44
9
The Undertaker (c) defeated Triple H Singles match for the WWE Undisputed Championship 23:44
(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match
H – indicates the match was broadcast prior to the pay-per-view on Sunday Night Heat
Tournament brackets[edit]
The tournament took place between June 3 and June 23, 2002. The tournament brackets were as follows:
First round
(TV) Quarterfinals
(TV) Semifinals
(PPV) Final
(PPV)
RAW Brock Lesnar Pin
RAW Bubba Ray Dudley 04:49
Brock Lesnar Pin
Booker T 03:22
RAW Booker T Pin
RAW William Regal 03:26
Brock Lesnar Pin
Test 08:18
SD Hardcore Holly Pin
SD Tajiri 3:46
Hardcore Holly 3:16
Test Pin
SD The Hurricane 1:52
SD Test Pin
Brock Lesnar Pin
Rob Van Dam 08:43
SD Chris Jericho Forf1
SD Edge
Chris Jericho Sub
The Big Valbowski 4:31
SD Christian 03:22
SD The Big Valbowski Pin
Chris Jericho 14:32
Rob Van Dam Pin
RAW X-Pac Pin
RAW Goldust 03:26
X-Pac Pin
Rob Van Dam 06:00
RAW Eddie Guerrero Pin
RAW Rob Van Dam 09:38
1. ^ Edge forfeited his match to Chris Jericho due to a legitimate shoulder injury.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "King of the Ring 2002 Tournament Brackets". Wrestling Supercards and Tournaments. June 3–23, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
^ Jump up to: a b c "King of the Ring 2002 results". Online World of Wrestling. June 23, 2002. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
^ Jump up to: a b "WWE Raw Results". Online World of Wrestling. June 3, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c "WWE SmackDown Results". Online World of Wrestling. June 6, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "WWE Raw Results". Online World of Wrestling. June 10, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "WWE SmackDown Results". Online World of Wrestling. June 13, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c "WWE Raw Results". Online World of Wrestling. June 17, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b "WWE SmackDown Results". Online World of Wrestling. June 20, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
Jump up ^ "Live & Televised Entertainment of World Wrestling Entertainment". World Wrestling Entertainment. Archived from the original on 2013-11-18. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
^ Jump up to: a b "WWE SmackDown Results". Online World of Wrestling. May 30, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
Jump up ^ "WWE Raw Results". Online World of Wrestling. May 27, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "King of the Ring 2002 Report". Gerweck.net. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
Jump up ^ "WWE SmackDown Results". Online World of Wrestling. July 4, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
Jump up ^ "The Rock defeats Undertaker and Kurt Angle in a Triple Threat Match to become WWE Champion". World Wrestling Entertainment. July 18, 2002. Archived from the original on September 4, 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
Jump up ^ "Vengeance 2002 official results". World Wrestling Entertainment. July 18, 2002. Archived from the original on September 2, 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
Jump up ^ "Brock Lesnar vs. The Rock for the WWE Undisputed Championship". World Wrestling Entertainment. August 25, 2002. Archived from the original on April 29, 2010. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
Jump up ^ "Brock's first reignInformation". World Wrestling Entertainment. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
Jump up ^ "King of the Ring 2002 results". Wrestling Supercards and Tournaments. June 23, 2002. Retrieved 2010-08-19.
External links[edit]
Online World of Wrestling results
WWE King of the Ring 2002 at Complete WWE
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Mount Hood
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the highest mountain in Oregon. For the nearby community, see Mount Hood, Oregon. For other uses, see Mount Hood (disambiguation).
Mount Hood
Wy'east
Mount Hood reflected in Mirror Lake.
Highest point
Elevation
11,249 ft (3,429 m) NAVD 88[1]
Prominence
7,706 ft (2,349 m) [2]
Listing
North America prominent peak 49th
US most prominent peaks 28th
US state high point 13th
Oregon county high points
Coordinates
45°22′25″N 121°41′45″W / 45.373514489°N 121.695918558°W / 45.373514489; -121.695918558Coordinates: 45°22′25″N 121°41′45″W / 45.373514489°N 121.695918558°W / 45.373514489; -121.695918558 [1]
Geography
Location relative to other Oregon volcanoes
Location
Clackamas / Hood River counties, Oregon, U.S.
Parent range
Cascade Range
Topo map
USGS Mount Hood South
Geology
Age of rock
More than 500,000 years[3]
Mountain type
Stratovolcano
Volcanic arc
Cascade Volcanic Arc
Last eruption
1866[4]
Climbing
First ascent
July 11, 1857 by Henry Pittock, W. Lymen Chittenden, Wilbur Cornell, and the Rev. T.A. Wood[5]
Easiest route
Rock and glacier climb
Mount Hood, called Wy'east by the Multnomah tribe, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc of northern Oregon. It was formed by a subduction zone on the Pacific coast and rests in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located about 50 miles (80 km) east-southeast of Portland, on the border between Clackamas and Hood River counties. In addition to being Oregon's highest mountain, it is one of the loftiest mountains in the nation based on its prominence.
The height assigned to Mount Hood's snow-covered peak has varied over its history. Modern sources point to three different heights: 11,249 feet (3,429 m), a 1991 adjustment of a 1986 measurement by the U.S. National Geodetic Survey (NGS),[1] 11,240 feet (3,426 m) based on a 1993 scientific expedition,[6] and 11,239 feet (3,425.6 m)[7] of slightly older origin. The peak is home to 12 named glaciers and snowfields. It is the highest point in Oregon and the fourth highest in the Cascade Range.[8] Mount Hood is considered the Oregon volcano most likely to erupt,[9] though based on its history, an explosive eruption is unlikely. Still, the odds of an eruption in the next 30 years are estimated at between 3 and 7 %, so the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) characterizes it as "potentially active", but the mountain is informally considered dormant.[10]
Contents
1 Establishments
2 Name
2.1 Ships
3 Volcanic activity
4 Elevation
5 Glaciers
6 Climbing
6.1 Climbing accidents
7 Hiking
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Establishments[edit]
William Keith (American, 1838–1911). Mount Hood, Oregon, ca. 1881–1883. Brooklyn Museum
Timberline Lodge is a National Historic Landmark located on the southern flank of Mount Hood just below Palmer Glacier, with an elevation of about 6,000 feet (1,800 m).[11]
The mountain has six ski areas: Timberline, Mount Hood Meadows, Ski Bowl, Cooper Spur, Snow Bunny, and Summit. They total over 4,600 acres (7.2 sq mi; 19 km2) of skiable terrain; Timberline offers the only year-round lift-served skiing in North America.[12]
Mount Hood is within the Mount Hood National Forest, which comprises 1,067,043 acres (1,667 sq mi; 4,318 km2) of land, including four designated wilderness areas that total 314,078 acres (491 sq mi; 1,271 km2), and more than 1,200 miles (1,900 km) of hiking trails.[13][14]
The most northwestern pass around the mountain is called Lolo Pass. Native Americans crossed the pass while traveling between the Willamette Valley and Celilo Falls.[15]
Name[edit]
View of Mount Hood from the west
Mt. Hood as seen from Timothy Lake.
The Multnomah name for Mount Hood was Wy'east. In one version of the legend, the two sons of the Great Spirit Sahale fell in love with the beautiful maiden Loowit, who could not decide which to choose. The two braves, Wy'east and Pahto, burned forests and villages in their battle over her. Sahale became enraged and smote the three lovers. Seeing what he had done, he erected three mountain peaks to mark where each fell. He made beautiful Mount St. Helens for Loowit, proud and erect Mount Hood for Wy'east, and the somber Mount Adams for the mourning Pahto.[16]
There are other versions of the legend. In another telling, Wy'east (Hood) battles Pahto (Adams) for the fair La-wa-la-clough (St. Helens). Or again Wy'east, the chief of the Multnomah tribe, competed with the chief of the Klickitat tribe. Their great anger led to their transformation into volcanoes. Their battle is said to have destroyed the Bridge of the Gods and thus created the great Cascades Rapids of the Columbia River.[17]
The mountain was given its present name on October 29, 1792, by Lt. William Broughton, a member of Captain George Vancouver's exploration expedition. Lt. Broughton observed its peak while at Belle Vue Point of what is now called Sauvie Island during his travels up the Columbia River, writing, "A very high, snowy mountain now appeared rising beautifully conspicuous in the midst of an extensive tract of low or moderately elevated land [location of today's Vancouver, Washington] lying S 67 E., and seemed to announce a termination to the river." Lt. Broughton named the mountain after Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, a British Admiral at the Battle of the Chesapeake.[8]
Lewis and Clark spotted the mountain on October 18, 1805. A few days later at what would become The Dalles, Clark wrote, "The pinnacle of the round topped mountain, which we saw a short distance below the banks of the river, is South 43-degrees West of us and about 37 miles (60 km). It is at this time topped with snow. We called this the Falls Mountain, or Timm Mountain." Timm was the native name for Celilo Falls. Clark later noted that it was also Vancouver's Mount Hood.[18][19]
Two French explorers from the Hudson's Bay Company may have traveled into the Dog River area east of Mount Hood in 1818. They reported climbing to a glacier on "Montagne de Neige" (Mountain of Snow), probably Eliot Glacier.[18]
Ships[edit]
USS Mount Hood (AE-29)
There have been two United States Navy ammunition ships named for Mount Hood, despite the mountain's namesake having been an enemy commander. USS Mount Hood (AE-11) was commissioned in July 1944 and was destroyed in November 1944 while at anchor in Manus Naval Base, Admiralty Islands. Her explosive cargo ignited, resulting in 45 confirmed dead, 327 missing and 371 injured.[20] A second ammunition ship, AE-29, was commissioned in May 1971 and decommissioned in August 1999.[21]
Volcanic activity[edit]
Satellite image of Mount Hood
The northeast face seen from an altitude of 39,000 feet (12,000 m) on June 10, 2014
The glacially eroded summit area consists of several andesitic or dacitic lava domes; Pleistocene collapses produced avalanches and lahars (rapidly moving mudflows) that traveled across the Columbia River to the north. The eroded volcano has had at least four major eruptive periods during the past 15,000 years.[22]
The last three eruptions at Mount Hood occurred within the past 1,800 years from vents high on the southwest flank and produced deposits that were distributed primarily to the south and west along the Sandy and Zigzag rivers. The last eruptive period took place around 220 to 170 years ago, when dacitic lava domes, pyroclastic flows and mudflows were produced without major explosive eruptions. The prominent Crater Rock just below the summit is hypothesized to be the remains of one of these now-eroded domes. This period includes the last major eruption of 1781 to 1782 with a slightly more recent episode ending shortly before the arrival of the explorers Lewis and Clark in 1805. The latest minor eruptive event occurred in August 1907.[22][23]
The glaciers on the mountain's upper slopes may be a source of potentially dangerous lahars when the mountain next erupts. There are vents near the summit that are known for emitting gases such as carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.[24] Prior to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, the only known fatality related to volcanic activity in the Cascades occurred in 1934, when a climber suffocated in oxygen-poor air while exploring ice caves melted by fumaroles in Coalman Glacier on Mount Hood.[8]
Since 1950, there have been several earthquake swarms each year at Mount Hood, most notably in July 1980 and June 2002.[25][26] Seismic activity is monitored by the USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory in Vancouver, Washington, which issues weekly updates (and daily updates if significant eruptive activity is occurring at a Cascades volcano).[27]
The most recent evidence of volcanic activity at Mount Hood consists of fumaroles near Crater Rock and hot springs on the flanks of the volcano.[28]
Elevation[edit]
Date
Elevation
By
1854 18,361 ft (5,596 m) Thomas J. Dryer[29]
1854 19,400 ft (5,900 m) Belden[29]
1857 14,000 ft (4,300 m) Mitchell's School Atlas[30]
1866 17,600 ft (5,400 m) Rev. Atkinson[29]
1867 11,225 ft (3,421 m) Col. Williamson[29]
1916 11,253 ft (3,430 m) Adm. Colbert[29]
1939 11,245 ft (3,427 m) Adm. Colbert[29]
1980 11,239 ft (3,426 m) USGS using NGVD 29[23]
1991 11,249 ft (3,429 m) U.S. National Geodetic Survey, 1986 measurement adjusted using NAVD 88[1]
1993 11,240 ft (3,426 m) Scientific expedition[6] and 11,239 feet (3,426 m)[7] of slightly older origin
2008? 11,235 ft (3,424 m) Encyclopædia Britannica[31]
Mount Hood was first seen by European explorers in 1792 and is believed to have maintained a consistent summit elevation, varying by no more than a few feet due to mild seismic activity. Elevation changes since the 1950s are predominantly due to improved survey methods and model refinements of the shape of the Earth (see vertical reference datum). Despite the physical consistency, the estimated elevation of Mount Hood has varied substantially over the years.
Early explorers on the Columbia River estimated the elevation to be 10,000 to 12,000 feet (3,000 to 3,700 m). Two people in Thomas J. Dryer's 1854 expedition calculated the elevation to be 18,361 feet (5,596 m) and that the tree line was at about 11,250 feet (3,430 m). Two months later, a Mr. Belden claimed to have climbed the mountain during a hunting trip and determined it to be 19,400 feet (5,900 m) upon which "pores oozed blood, eyes bled, and blood rushed from their ears." Sometime by 1866, Reverend G. H. Atkinson determined it to be 17,600 feet (5,400 m). A Portland engineer used surveying methods from a Portland baseline and calculated a height of between 18,000 and 19,000 feet (5,500 and 5,800 m). Many maps distributed in the late 19th century cited 18,361 feet (5,596 m), though Mitchell's School Atlas gave 14,000 feet (4,300 m) as the correct value. For some time, many references assumed Mount Hood to be the highest point in North America.[29]
Modern height surveys also vary, but not by the huge margins seen in the past. A 1993 survey by a scientific party that arrived at the peak's summit with 16 pounds (7.3 kg) of electronic equipment reported a height of 11,240 feet (3,426 m), claimed to be accurate to within 1.25 inches (32 mm).[6] Many modern sources likewise list 11,240 feet (3,426 m) as the height.[32][33][34] However, numerous others place the peak's height one foot lower, at 11,239 feet (3,426 m).[7][35][36] Finally, a height of 11,249 feet (3,429 m) has also been reported.[1][37][38][39]
Glaciers[edit]
Eliot Glacier, the largest glacier by volume on the mountain, is below and left of the summit in this view from the northeast.
Mount Hood glaciers
See also: List of Mount Hood glaciers
Mount Hood is host to 12[40][41] named glaciers or snow fields, the most visited of which is Palmer Glacier, partially within the Timberline Lodge ski area and on the most popular climbing route. The glaciers are almost exclusively above the 6,000-foot (1,800 m) level, which also is about the average tree line elevation on Mount Hood.[42] More than 80 percent of the glacial surface area is above 7,000 feet (2,100 m).[43]
The glaciers and permanent snow fields have an area of 3,331 acres (1,348 ha) and contain a volume of about 282,000 acre feet (0.348 km3). Eliot Glacier is the largest glacier by volume at 73,000 acre feet (0.09 km3), and has the thickest depth measured by ice radar at 361 feet (110 m). The largest glacier by surface area is the Coe-Ladd Glacier system at 531 acres (215 ha).[43]
Glaciers and snowfields cover about 80 percent of the mountain above the 6,900-foot (2,100 m) level. The glaciers declined by an average of 34 percent from 1907–2004. Glaciers on Mount Hood retreated through the first half of the 20th century, advanced or at least slowed their retreat in the 1960s and 1970s, and have since returned to a pattern of retreat.[44] The neo-glacial maximum extents formed in the early 18th century.[8]
During the last major glacial event between 29,000 and 10,000 years ago, glaciers reached down to the 2,600-to-2,300-foot (790 to 700 m) level, a distance of 9.3 miles (15.0 km) from the summit. The retreat released considerable outwash, some of which filled and flattened the upper Hood River Valley near Parkdale and formed Dee Flat.[8]
Older glaciation produced moraines near Brightwood and distinctive cuts on the southeast side; they may date to 140,000 years ago.[8]
Climbing[edit]
Landmarks along the southern climbing route of Mount Hood
Aerial photograph of Mt. Hood's summit
Mount Hood is Oregon's highest point and a prominent landmark visible up to 100 miles (160 km) away. It has convenient access and a minimum of technical climbing challenges. About 10,000 people attempt to climb Mount Hood each year.[45] There are no trails to the summit. Even the "easier" southside climbing route is a technical climb with crevasses, falling rocks, and often inclement weather. Ropes, ice axes, crampons and other technical mountaineering gear are necessary. Peak climbing season is generally from April to mid-June.[46]
There are six main routes to approach the mountain with about 30 total variations for summiting. The climbs range in difficulty from class 2 to class 5.9+ (for Acrophobia).[47] The most popular route, dubbed the south route, begins at Timberline Lodge and proceeds up Palmer Glacier to Crater Rock, the large prominence at the head of the glacier. The route goes east around Crater Rock and crosses Coalman Glacier on the Hogsback, a ridge spanning from Crater Rock to the approach to the summit. The Hogsback terminates at a bergschrund where Coalman Glacier separates from the summit rock headwall, and then to Pearly Gates, a gap in the summit rock formation, then right onto the summit plateau and the summit proper.[48]
Technical ice axes, fall protection, and experience are now recommended in order to attempt the left chute variation or Pearly Gates ice chute. The Forest Service is recommending several other route options due to these changes in conditions (e.g. "Old Chute", West Crater Rim, etc.).[49]
Climbing accidents[edit]
Main article: Mount Hood climbing accidents
As of May 2002, more than 130 people had died in climbing-related accidents since records have been kept on Mount Hood, the first in 1896.[50] Incidents in May 1986, December 2006, and December 2009 attracted intense national and international media interest. Though avalanches are a common hazard on other glaciated mountains, most Mount Hood climbing deaths are the result of falls and hypothermia.[51] Despite a quadrupling of forest visitors since 1990, fewer than 50 people require rescue per year.[52] Only 3.4 percent of search and rescue missions in 2006 were for mountain climbers.[53]
Hiking[edit]
As seen in this aerial photograph, Mount Hood is not far from the Portland–Vancouver metro area.
The Timberline Trail, which circumnavigates the entire mountain and rises as high as 7,300 ft (2,200 m), was built in the 1930s by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Typically, the 40.7-mile (65.5 km) hike is snow-free from late July until the autumn snows begin. A portion of the Pacific Crest Trail is coincident with the Timberline Trail on the west side of Mount Hood.[54][55]
The predecessor of the Pacific Crest Trail was the Oregon Skyline Trail, established in 1920, which connected Mount Hood to Crater Lake.[56]
See also[edit]
Mountains portal
Volcanoes portal
List of Ultras of the United States
Mount Hood Corridor
Mount Hood Railroad
References[edit]
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
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^ Jump up to: a b Driedger, Carolyn L.; Kennard, Paul M. (1986). "Ice Volumes on Cascade Volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters and Mount Shasta". Geological Survey Professional Paper 1365. U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 2007-02-26.
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External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Mount Hood (category)
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Mount Hood.
"Mount Hood". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
"Mount Hood". The Oregon Encyclopedia
"Mt. Hood History". mounthoodhistory.com.
"Mount Hood: Climbing Oregon's Highest Peak". Oregon Field Guide.
"Mt. Hood's Volcanic Past".Oregon Field Guide.
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text:
Heartbreaker (Ryan Adams album)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Heartbreaker
Studio album by Ryan Adams
Released
September 5, 2000
Recorded
Woodland Studios, Nashville, Tennessee
Genre
Alternative country, country
Length
51:57
Label
Bloodshot
Producer
Ethan Johns
Ryan Adams chronology
Heartbreaker
(2000) Gold
(2001)Gold2001
Heartbreaker is the debut solo studio album by alternative country musician Ryan Adams, released September 5, 2000 on Bloodshot Records. The album was recorded over fourteen days at Woodland Studios in Nashville, Tennessee. It was nominated for the 2001 Shortlist Music Prize. The album is said to be inspired by Adams' break-up with music industry publicist Amy Lombardi.[1]
According to Adams, the album's title originates from a poster of Mariah Carey: "My manager called and said, 'You have 15 seconds to name this record,' "My eyes focused on this poster of Mariah wearing a T-shirt that said HEARTBREAKER. I just shouted, 'Heartbreaker!'"[2]
A Deluxe Edition, featuring bonus recording session takes and pre-album demos, was released on May 6, 2016 on PAX-AM records.
Contents
[hide]
1 Critical reception
2 Track listing
3 Personnel
3.1 Musicians
3.2 Production
4 Other information
5 Charts
5.1 Album
6 References
Critical reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [3]
American Songwriter [4]
Entertainment Weekly B+[5]
The Guardian [6]
NME 8/10[7]
Pitchfork 9.0/10[8]
Q [9]
Rolling Stone [10]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide [11]
Uncut 9/10[12]
Heartbreaker was considered by critics to be a fresh start for Ryan Adams after the demise of his previous band Whiskeytown. AllMusic's Mark Derning wrote that the album "is loose, open, and heartfelt in a way Whiskeytown's admittedly fine albums never were, and makes as strong a case for Adams' gifts as anything his band ever released", concluding that "the strength of the material and the performances suggest Adams is finally gaining some much-needed maturity, and his music is all the better for it."[3] The A.V. Club's Keith Phipps wrote: "Adams has recorded an intimate, largely quiet record that indisputably establishes his identity as an independent singer-songwriter".[13] Pitchfork's Steven Byrd called it "an album of astonishing musical proficiency, complete honesty and severe beauty."[8] Rolling Stone's Anthony DeCurtis was less enthusiastic, stating that Adams' songs "too often fail to rise above their plain-spoken details to take on the symbolic power he yearns for".[10] Robert Christgau of The Village Voice selected "To Be Young (Is to Be Sad, Is to Be High)" as a "choice cut",[14] indicating a "good song on an album that isn't worth your time or money."[15]
The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die[16] and was placed at #23 on Paste Magazine's "The 50 Best Albums of the Decade" list.[17]
Track listing[edit]
All tracks written by Ryan Adams, except where noted.
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "(Argument with David Rawlings Concerning Morrissey)" (An argument regarding the Morrissey track "Suedehead".) 0:37
2. "To Be Young (Is to Be Sad, Is to Be High)" Ryan Adams, David Rawlings 3:04
3. "My Winding Wheel" 3:13
4. "AMY" 3:46
5. "Oh My Sweet Carolina" 4:57
6. "Bartering Lines" Ryan Adams, Van Alston 3:59
7. "Call Me On Your Way Back Home" 3:09
8. "Damn, Sam (I Love a Woman That Rains)" 2:08
9. "Come Pick Me Up" Ryan Adams, Van Alston 5:18
10. "To Be the One" 3:01
11. "Why Do They Leave?" 3:38
12. "Shakedown on 9th Street" 2:53
13. "Don't Ask for the Water" 2:56
14. "In My Time of Need" 5:39
15. "Sweet Lil Gal (23rd/1st)" 3:39
French bonus CD, Unreleased Tracks from the Heartbreaker sessions
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "Goodbye Honey"
2. "To Be Young (Is To Be Sad Is To Be High)" (Acoustic version) Ryan Adams, David Rawlings
Heartbreaker Deluxe Edition Box Set (2016) CD - Disc 2, Original Album Sessions
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "Hairdresser On Fire" (Outtake from Original Album Session) Morrissey
2. "To Be Young (Is to Be Sad, Is to Be High)" (Outtake from Original Album Session) Ryan Adams, David Rawlings
3. "Petal in a Rainstorm" (Outtake from Original Album Session)
4. "War Horse" (Outtake from Original Album Session)
5. "Oh My Sweet Carolina" (Outtake from Original Album Session)
6. "Come Pick Me Up" (Outtake from Original Album Session) Ryan Adams, Van Alston
7. "Punk Jam" (Outtake from Original Album Session)
8. "When the Rope Gets Tight" (Alternative Version, Outtake from Original Album Session)
9. "When the Rope Gets Tight" (Outtake from Original Album Session)
10. "Goodbye Honey" (Bonus Track from Original Release)
11. "In My Time of Need" (Outtake from Original Album Session)
12. "Bartering Lines" (Album Demo) Ryan Adams, Van Alston
13. "Come Pick Me Up" (Album Demo) Ryan Adams, Van Alston
14. "To Be the One" (Album Demo)
15. "Don't Ask for the Water" (Album Demo)
16. "In My Time of Need" (Album Demo)
17. "Goodbye Honey" (Album Demo)
18. "Petal in a Rainstorm" (Album Demo)
19. "War Horse" (Album Demo)
20. "Locked Away" (Outtake from Original Album Session)
Heartbreaker Deluxe Edition Box Set (2016) DVD - Disc 3, Live New York show at the Mercury Lounge in October 2000
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "Oh My Sweet Carolina" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000)
2. "Gimme Sunshine" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000)
3. "To Be Young (Is to Be Sad, Is to Be High)" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000)
4. "AMY" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000)
5. "Call Me On Your Way Back Home" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000)
6. "Just Like a Whore" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000)
7. "Wonderwall" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000) Noel Gallagher
8. "Damn, Sam (I Love a Woman That Rains)" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000)
9. "Sweet Lil Gal (23rd/1st)" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000)
10. "Come Pick Me Up" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000) Ryan Adams, Van Alston
11. "My Winding Wheel" (Live at the Mercury Lounge, NYC, Oct. 2000)
Personnel[edit]
Musicians[edit]
Ryan Adams - vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, harmonica, piano, banjo
Ethan Johns - drums, bass, Chamberlain, glockenspiel, B-3, vibes
David Rawlings - backing vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, banjo, tambourine
Gillian Welch - backing vocals, banjo, acoustic guitar, electric bass, "voice of Lucy"
Pat Sansone - piano (5, 9, 11), Chamberlin and organ (6), backing vocals (2)
Emmylou Harris - backing vocals (5)
Kim Richey - backing vocals (9)
Allison Pierce - backing vocals (11)
Production[edit]
Ethan Johns – producer, engineer, mixer
Patrick Himes – assistant engineer
Doug Sax – mastering
David McClister – photography
Gina Binkley – design
Other information[edit]
"Shakedown on 9th Street" was covered on the Red Dirt band No Justice's Live at Billy Bob's album in 2007.
"Oh My Sweet Carolina" has been covered at least twice. The song can be heard on the deluxe edition of Zac Brown Band's 2010 album You Get What You Give, as well as on the 2008 Portastatic release Some Small History.
English DJ Mark Ronson remixed the song "Amy" for his 2007 album Version, of which singer Kenna provides vocals. The song "To Be Young (Is To Be Sad, Is To Be High)" is featured in the 2006 film Accepted, the 2002 film The Slaughter Rule, and the 2003 film Old School. A version of this song was also released in 2009 by David Rawlings on the Dave Rawlings Machine album A Friend of a Friend. "Come Pick Me Up" is featured in the film Elizabethtown (which also featured two other Ryan Adams songs) and in a Series 2 episode of Skins. It was also named #285 on Pitchfork Media's "Top 500 songs of the 2000s". Joan Baez would cover "In My Time of Need" in 2003.
Elton John has famously credited the Heartbreaker album as helping to regenerate his career and in 2002 he performed songs from it with Ryan Adams and did a joint interview with him where he thanked Ryan.[18]
Charts[edit]
Album[edit]
Country
Peak
position
Ireland[19] 67
U.S. (2016)[20] 140
UK[21] 183
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ryan Adams: Saving Private Ryan
Jump up ^ "News". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Deming, Mark. "Heartbreaker – Ryan Adams". AllMusic. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Beviglia, Jim (May 12, 2016). "Ryan Adams: Heartbreaker". American Songwriter. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sullivan, James (September 8, 2000). "Heartbreaker". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Cameron, Keith (December 8, 2000). "Ryan Adams: Heartbreaker (Cooking Vinyl)". The Guardian. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Chick, Stevie (November 27, 2000). "Heartbreaker". NME: 34. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Byrd, Steven (September 5, 2000). "Ryan Adams: Heartbreaker". Pitchfork. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ryan Adams: Heartbreaker". Q (172): 104. January 2001.
^ Jump up to: a b DeCurtis, Anthony (September 14, 2000). "Heartbreaker". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Randall, Mac (2004). "Ryan Adams". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Simon & Schuster. pp. 6–7. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
Jump up ^ Jones, Allan (July 2016). "Ryan Adams: Heartbreaker". Uncut (230): 85–87. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Phipps, Keith (September 5, 2000). "Ryan Adams: Heartbreaker". The A.V. Club. Retrieved May 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Christgau, Robert (April 3, 2001). "Consumer Guide: Vibrators". The Village Voice. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Christgau, Robert. "Key to Icons". RobertChristgau.com. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Robert Dimery; Michael Lydon (23 March 2010). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die: Revised and Updated Edition. Universe. ISBN 978-0-7893-2074-2.
Jump up ^ "The 50 Best Albums of the Decade (2000–2009)". Retrieved 2016-08-11.
Jump up ^ Jon Wiederhorn (2001-10-04). "Elton John Bags Technology; Praises Eminem, Ryan Adams". MTV. Retrieved 2014-10-24.
Jump up ^ "Irish Charts". Irish-charts.com. Retrieved 2009-11-22.
Jump up ^ "Billboard 200". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2009-11-22.
Jump up ^ "UK Chart Log". zobbel.de. Retrieved 2009-11-22.
[hide]
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Ryan Adams
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29
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Cardinology
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Ryan Adams & the Cardinals: A View of Other Windows
Related articles
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The Cardinals
The Finger
Pornography
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values: Live at Carnegie Hall (Ryan Adams album)

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values: Heartbreaker (álbum de Ryan Adams) – Spanish

values: Heartbreaker (album de Ryan Adams) – French

values: Heartbreaker (album Ryana Adamsa) – Croatian

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