text:
List of United States rapid transit systems by ridership
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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See also: List of North American rapid transit systems by ridership and List of United States light rail systems by ridership
The following is a list of all heavy rail rapid transit systems in the United States. It does not include statistics for bus or light rail systems (see: List of United States light rail systems by ridership for the latter). All ridership figures represent "unlinked" passenger trips (i.e. line transfers on multi-line systems register as separate trips). The data are provided by the American Public Transportation Association's Ridership Reports.
System
Transit agency
City/Area served
Annual ridership
(2016)[1]
Avg. weekday ridership
(Q4 2016)[1]
System
length
Rider. per mile
Opened
Stations
Lines
1. New York City Subway New York City Transit Authority[note 1] New York City 2,750,527,400 8,918,400 7005394289280000000♠245 miles (394 km)[2] 38,276 1904[3] 472[3] 24[3]
2. Chicago "L" Chicago Transit Authority Chicago 238,645,800 749,700 7005165440563200000♠102.8 miles (165.4 km)[4] 7,292 1892[4] 146[4] 8[4]
3. Washington Metro Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Washington, D.C. 234,232,100 748,800 7005188293248000000♠117 miles (188 km)[5] 6,400 1976[5] 91[5] 6
4. MBTA Subway
("The T")[note 2]
(Blue, Orange, and Red Lines) Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority Boston 172,105,800 552,500 7004611550720000000♠38 miles (61 km)[6] 14,539 1901 53[6] 3[6]
5. Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART)[note 3] Bay Area Rapid Transit District San Francisco Bay Area 135,310,700 446,200 7005180246528000000♠112 miles (180 km)[7] 4,290 1972[8] 46[7] 5[9]
6. SEPTA[note 4]
(Broad Street, Market–Frankford, and Norristown High Speed Lines) Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority Philadelphia 94,209,100 311,800 7004590629248000000♠36.7 miles (59.1 km)[10][11] 8,496 1907[12] 75[13] 3[13]
7. Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Manhattan; Hudson County, and Newark 78,553,600 270,900 7004222089472000000♠13.8 miles (22.2 km)[14][15] 19,630 1908[16] 13[14] 4[17]
8. MARTA rail system Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority Atlanta 68,678,700 213,800 7004766047744000000♠47.6 miles (76.6 km) 4,492 1979[18] 38[19] 4[19]
9. Metro Rail[note 4]
(Purple and Red Lines) Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority Los Angeles 45,863,900 143,000 7004280025856000000♠17.4 miles (28.0 km)[20] 8,218 1993[20] 16[20] 2[20]
10. Metrorail Miami-Dade Transit Miami 21,095,500 70,300 7004392679936000000♠24.4 miles (39.3 km)[21] 2,881 1984[22] 23[21] 2[21]
11. Baltimore Metro Subway Maryland Transit Administration Baltimore 11,241,200 36,800 7004249448320000000♠15.5 miles (24.9 km)[23] 2,374 1983[24] 14[23] 1[23]
12. PATCO Speedline Port Authority Transit Corporation Philadelphia, southern New Jersey 10,653,500 36,500 7004228526848000000♠14.2 miles (22.9 km)[25] 2,570 1936[25] 13[25] 1[25]
13. Staten Island Railway Staten Island Railway[note 1] Staten Island (New York City) 8,630,900 32,200 7004225308160000000♠14 miles (23 km)[2] 2,300 1860[26] 22[2] 1[2]
14. Tren Urbano Autoridad de Transporte Integrado San Juan 7,896,800 30,400 7004172199808000000♠10.7 miles (17.2 km)[27] 2,841 2004[27] 16[27] 1[27]
15. RTA Rapid Transit[note 4]
(Red Line) Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority Cleveland 6,419,400 17,587[note 5] 7004305775360000000♠19 miles (31 km)[28] 926 1955[29] 18[28] 1[28]
See also[edit]
List of metro systems
List of North American rapid transit systems by ridership
List of tram and light rail transit systems
List of suburban and commuter rail systems
List of United States light rail systems by ridership
List of North American light rail systems by ridership
List of United States commuter rail systems by ridership
List of United States local bus agencies by ridership
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Agency is a subsidiary of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority.
Jump up ^ System also includes the Green Line and Ashmont–Mattapan High Speed Line light rail lines; ridership data for these light rail lines is not included in statistics shown here.
Jump up ^ Figures only include BART's five rapid transit lines, and not the system's AGT line to Oakland Airport.
^ Jump up to: a b c System also includes light rail lines. Ridership data for such lines is not included in statistics given.
Jump up ^ This figure is the Average Daily Ridership figure, not an "Average Weekday Ridership" figure – it is averaged from the Q4 2016 Total Ridership figure for this system.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Transit Ridership Report Fourth Quarter 2016" (pdf). American Public Transportation Association. March 3, 2017. Retrieved 2017-04-02 – via http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/ridershipreport.aspx.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Years Ended December 31, 2016 and 2015" (pdf). Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). July 26, 2017. p. 168. Retrieved August 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The MTA Network - New York City Transit at a Glance". Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA). Retrieved August 29, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Facts at a Glance". Chicago Transit Authority. Retrieved May 17, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "About Metro". Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. 2014. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Ridership and Service Statistics, Fourteenth Edition 2014" (PDF). Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. July 2014. pp. 3–4, 6. Archived from the original (pdf) on September 12, 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "System Facts". Bay Area Rapid Transit. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rider recalls first day of BART passenger service on Sept. 11, 1972". Bay Area Rapid Transit. September 11, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "BART - Schedules By Line". Bay Area Rapid Transit. 2014. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ "SEPTA Route Statistics 2014" (PDF). Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) Service Planning Department. Spring 2014. pp. 9, 13, 221. Archived from the original (pdf) on May 24, 2013. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Media Guide" (pdf). SEPTA. 2013. pp. 7, 11. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ "SEPTA 'Elebrates' End Of Project". SEPTA. September 11, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "SEPTA Operating Facts Fiscal Year 2013" (pdf). SEPTA. June 30, 2013. pp. 4–6. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Greenhouse Gas (GHG) and Criteria Air Pollutant (CAP) Emission Inventory (EI) for the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey: 2008 Summary and 2006-2008 Trends" (pdf). PATH. June 2010. p. 4. Retrieved September 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Facts & Info - PATH - The Port Authority of NY & NJ". PATH. 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-18.
Jump up ^ "History". PATH. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Maps & Schedule". PATH. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "About MARTA: MARTA's Past & Future". Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bombardier Partners with Atlanta to Improve Track Worker Protection with TrackSafe Technology" (Press release). Bombardier. April 17, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Chapter 1.0 - Purpose and Need", Westside Transit Corridor Extension Study: Final Alternatives Analysis Study (pdf), Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, January 2009, pp. 1–18, retrieved September 28, 2012
^ Jump up to: a b c "Metrorail". Miami-Dade County. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Miami-Dade Transit History". Miami-Dade County. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Metro Subway". Maryland Transportation Authority. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "2010-2011 MTA Media Guide" (pdf). Maryland Transportation Authority. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "A History of Commitment". Port Authority Transit Corporation. Retrieved June 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Chan, Sewell; Schweber, Nate (December 26, 2008). "Staten Island Rail Car Derails in Tottenville". The New York Times. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Project Profiles: Tren Urbano". Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "2013 Annual Report - RTA Facts". Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority. October 31, 2013. Retrieved 2014-09-05.
Jump up ^ "RTA History". Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_United_States_rapid_transit_systems_by_ridership&oldid=825828228"
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Houston Street
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the street in Manhattan, New York City. For the baseball player, see Huston Street. For other uses, see Houston Street (disambiguation).
Route map: Google
Template:Attached KML/Houston Street
KML is from Wikidata
Houston Street
Looking east from Orchard Street
Length
2.0 mi (3.2 km)
Location
New York
Postal code
10002, 10009, 10012, 10014
West end
NY 9A/West Side Highway
East end
Franklin D. Roosevelt East River Drive (FDR Drive)
Houston Street (/ˈhaʊstən/ HOW-stən) is a major east-west thoroughfare in downtown Manhattan, running crosstown across the full width of the island of Manhattan, from Franklin D. Roosevelt East River Drive (FDR Drive) and East River Park on the East River to Pier 40 and West Street on the Hudson River. It generally serves as the boundary between neighborhoods, with Alphabet City, the East Village, NoHo, Greenwich Village, and the West Village lying to the north of the street, and the Lower East Side, most of the Bowery, Nolita, and SoHo to the south. The numeric street-naming grid in Manhattan, created as part of the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, begins immediately north of Houston Street with 1st Street at Avenue A, although the grid does not fully come into effect until 13th Street.[1]
The street's name is pronounced "HOW-stən", unlike the city of Houston in Texas, which is pronounced "HYOO-stən". This is because the street was named for William Houstoun, whereas the city was named for Sam Houston.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 History
3 Transportation
4 Gallery
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
Description[edit]
Houston Street (1917) by George Luks
At its east end, Houston Street meets FDR Drive in an interchange at East River Park. West of FDR Drive it intersects with Avenue D. Further west, other streets, including First Avenue, the Bowery, Lafayette Street and Broadway, intersect Houston Street. The Broadway intersection is the division point between East Houston Street and West Houston Street. Sixth Avenue intersects Houston Street at a curve in the road in Greenwich Village. East of Sixth Avenue, Houston street is bidirectional and separated by a median; west of Sixth, the street is narrower and unidirectional westbound.[3] West Houston Street terminates at an intersection with West Street near Pier 40 on the Hudson River.
History[edit]
East Houston Street between Clinton and Suffolk Streets in the 1920s
Houston Street is named for William Houstoun, who was a delegate from the state of Georgia to the Continental Congress from 1784 through 1786 and to the Constitutional Convention in 1787.[1] The street was christened by Nicholas Bayard III, whose daughter, Mary, was married to Houstoun in 1788.[4] The couple met while Houstoun, a member of an ancient and aristocratic Scottish family, was serving in the Congress. Bayard cut the street through a tract he owned in the vicinity of Canal Street in which he lived, and the city later extended it to include North Street, the northern border of New York's east side at the beginning of the 19th century.[4]
The current spelling of the name is a corruption: the street appears as Houstoun in the city's Common Council minutes for 1808 and the official map drawn in 1811 to establish the street grid that is still current. In those years, the Texas hero Sam Houston, for whom the street is sometimes incorrectly said to have been named, was an unknown teenager in Tennessee.[1] Also mistaken is the explanation that the name derives from the Dutch words huis for house and tuin for garden.[4] The narrow, westernmost stretch of the current Houston Street, from Sixth Avenue to the West Side Highway, was known as "Hammersley Street" (also spelled "Hamersly Street") until the middle 19th century,[5] and was inside Greenwich Village. It later came to be regarded as the Village's southern boundary.
In 1891, Nikola Tesla established his Houston Street laboratory. Much of Tesla's research was lost in an 1895 fire.
The street, originally narrow, was markedly widened from Sixth Avenue to Essex Street in the early 1930s during construction of the Independent Subway System's Sixth Avenue Line. The street widening involved demolition of buildings on both sides of the street, resulting in numerous small, empty lots.[6] Although some of these lots have been redeveloped, many of them are now used by vendors, and some have been turned into playgrounds and, more recently, community gardens.
Houston Street at Lafayette Street in 1974
Lower Manhattan's SoHo district takes its name from an acronym for "South of Houston", as the street serves as SoHo's northern boundary; another, narrower neighborhood north of Houston Street is correspondingly called NoHo.
A reconstruction project has been rebuilding parts of the street since 2005; it is nearly complete as of 2014[update].[7]
Transportation[edit]
As of 2010[update], Houston Street is served by the M21 New York City Bus route from the FDR Drive to Washington Street.[8] The bus route itself had replaced an earlier streetcar line, which is now the M9 from Avenues A to C.
A portion of the New York City Subway's IND Sixth Avenue Line runs under Houston Street, between Sixth Avenue to just before Avenue A;[9] there are stations at Second Avenue (F M trains) and Broadway – Lafayette Street (B D F M trains). Additionally, there is a station at Seventh Avenue, for the Houston Street (1 2 trains).[10] The Bleecker Street station (4 6 <6> trains) has station entrances on the north side of Houston Street, due to its connection with the Broadway – Lafayette Street station as part of a larger station complex.[11]
Exit 5 on the FDR Drive is on Houston Street. The street also connects directly with West Street and the West Side Highway; however, by then, Houston Street is westbound-only.
Gallery[edit]
Along Houston Street
East River Park, as seen from Houston Street
Katz's Deli, at Ludlow Street, was founded in 1888
Houston Street at the northeast corner of its intersection with the Bowery in 2008, including part of a mural dedicated to Keith Haring
Statue of Puck on the Mulberry Street corner of the Puck Building
Forrest Myers' The Wall, also known as "Gateway to Soho", at Houston Street and Broadway
The Angelika Film Center in the Cable Building at Mercer Street
Continuing west through Sixth Avenue
E. Houston St at sunrise towards former Red Square building. (c. 2007)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Peretz Square, New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Accessed July 12, 2007. "North Street, then the northern boundary of settled Manhattan, was later renamed for William Houstoun, a Georgia delegate to the Continental Congress; at the time of the renaming, the more famous Sam Houston was an unknown teenager"
Jump up ^ "New York Bookshelf; An Oddly Named Street, A Dark Night, a Gamy Club". The New York Times. Feb 8, 2004. Retrieved 19 January 2011.
Jump up ^ West Houston Street - NYC.gov
^ Jump up to: a b c Moscow, Henry. The Street Book: An Encyclopedia of Manhattan's Street Names and Their Origins. New York: Fordham University Press, 1990. ISBN 0-8232-1275-0. p. 61.
Jump up ^ New York City Parks Department Hammersley Street
Jump up ^ Gray, Christopher (April 18, 2004). "Amid the Giant Ad Signs, New Buildings Sprout". The New York Times. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ http://www.nyc.gov/html/ddc/downloads/pdf/brochures/hwm738.pdf
Jump up ^ "Manhattan Bus Map" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ 2nd Avenue – nycsubway.org
Jump up ^ "Subway Map" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 25, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "MTA Neighborhood Maps: East Village" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. 2015. Retrieved August 19, 2015.
Further reading[edit]
Knight, Sam. "What a Street! (But Do You Ever Remember Being There?)" The New York Times, October 17, 2004.
Naureckas, Jim. "Houston Street". New York Songlines.
Walsh, Kevin. "Houston". Forgotten New York – Street Scenes.
External links[edit]
Media related to Houston Street (Manhattan) at Wikimedia Commons

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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Houston_Street&oldid=802501375"
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text:
Drop Dead Diva (season 3)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Drop Dead Diva (season 3)
DVD box cover art
Country of origin
USA
No. of episodes
13
Release
Original network
Lifetime
Original release
June 19 (2011-06-19) – September 18, 2011 (2011-09-18)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 2
Next →
Season 4
List of Drop Dead Diva episodes
Drop Dead Diva season three premiered on June 19, 2011 and concluded on September 25, 2011, on Lifetime. Season three aired on Sundays at 9:00 pm ET and consisted of 13 episodes. Sally Fields had a guest appearance as the judge for the episode.
Contents
[hide]
1 Storylines
1.1 Jane/Deb & Grayson
1.2 Kim & Parker
1.3 Fred & Stacy
2 Cast
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Recurring cast
2.3 Guest cast
3 Episodes
4 References
5 External links
Storylines[edit]
Jane/Deb & Grayson[edit]
Grayson nearly marries Vanessa, but she backs out on the day of the wedding. Jane has two relationships during the season that indicate she is trying to move on from Grayson. The first, with Dr. Bill Kendall (Ben Shenkman), ends when he reveals that Jane is one of the several women he is dating and that he is not ready to get serious with any one of them. The second, toward the end of the season, is with a fun-loving new judge named Owen French (Lex Medlin).
Kim & Parker[edit]
Kim and Parker's relationship was short lived, after Kim realized that Parker just ignored all of his ex-partners. In the end of Season 2, Jane shares with Kim that she saw Harrison and Parker kissing in Parker's office. Kim is outraged and goes to Parker's house to tell him that they're over. Harrison fires Kim from the firm in the end of Season 2, but she returns in Mid-Season 3. In early Season 3, Parker still tries to charm Kim and begs her to come back to him. She refuses, and keeps moving on with her job and maintaining a platonic relationship with her boss. They end up together in a later episode, seemingly giving their relationship another try. But when Parker hired his former flame Elisa (Brandy) as a temp, Kim became jealous, putting Jane in a tough situation, knowing that Elisa has a son with Parker and Parker doesn't know anything about it.
Fred & Stacy[edit]
Stacy shares with Jane that she's afraid Fred thinks that the kissing IS the relationship, and they have not progressed to intercourse. Stacy keeps waking up early to run, claiming she runs a lot when she's frustrated. Jane then gives Fred advice, because Jane knows everything Stacy wants in a man. Afterward, it appears the relationship has been consummated and is going well, because Stacy claims she "may never run again."
Stacy finally gets a part on a TV show as a main star. She claims that she has to keep her relationship with Fred a "secret" for publicity purposes, but eventually she ends up cheating on Fred with her co-star, Brian (Robert Hoffman), and Fred witnesses the two sharing a passionate kiss. Stacy is unable to choose between Brian and Fred; despite Jane's advice for her to talk to Fred, the choice is made for Stacy when Fred eventually confronts her and angrily leaves. Stacy becomes distraught and upset with Jane, believing Jane told Fred of her infidelity. Fred is later shown having drinks with Grayson and Teri, who comfort him.
Stacy's behavior ends up annoying not only Fred, but also Jane/Deb and Teri when she becomes a diva and starts treating her friends like dirt, leading to a failed intervention. Brian steals her commercial deal and sleeps with her assistant, resulting in Stacy punching out Brian and getting arrested for assault. She is later cleared of the charges, but kisses Grayson after he represented her. Although the two quickly realize it was a mistake, Stacy is unaware that Jane saw it. Jane also tells Fred at the airport about what happened, thus devastating Fred who was ready to forgive Stacy and propose to her.
Cast[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Brooke Elliott as Jane Bingum (13 episodes)
Margaret Cho as Teri Lee (13 episodes)
April Bowlby as Stacy Barrett (13 episodes)
Kate Levering as Kim Kaswell (13 episodes)
Jackson Hurst as Grayson Kent (13 episodes)
Josh Stamberg as Jay Parker (13 episodes)
Ben Feldman as Fred (13 episodes)
Recurring cast[edit]
Ben Shenkman as Dr. Bill Kendall (5 episodes)
Lex Medlin as Judge Owen French (4 episodes)
Marcus Lyle Brown as A.D.A. Paul Saginaw (3 episodes)
Robert Hoffman as Brian Pullman (3 episodes)
Brandy as Elisa Shayne (3 episodes)
Jaime Ray Newman as Vanessa Hemmings (3 episodes)
Vickie Eng as Judge Rita Mayson (3 episodes)
Guest cast[edit]
Gregory Alan Williams as Judge Warren Libby (2 episodes)
Jeff Rose as Doug Resnick (2 episodes)
Sharon Lawrence as Bobbie Dobkins (2 episodes)
Faith Prince as Elaine Bingum (1 episodes)
Rhoda Griffis as Paula Dewey (1 episode)
Paula Abdul as Judge Paula Abdul (1 episode)
Brooke D'Orsay as Deb Dobkins (1 episode)
Episodes[edit]
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. Viewers
(millions)
27
1 "Hit and Run" Jamie Babbit Josh Berman June 19, 2011 (2011-06-19) 2.86[1]
While she waits for Grayson to wake up from his coma, Jane is assigned a case about a pair of celebrities who were both charged with a hit-and-run involving a 13-year-old girl. The case gets more complicated when the girl dies in the hospital. Meanwhile, Kim takes a case from one of her former clients who has just gotten divorced.
28
2 "False Alarm" Michael Grossman Alex Taub June 26, 2011 (2011-06-26) 2.38[2]
Grayson wants Jane's help planning his wedding with Vanessa. Kim's new case revolves around a model who died during surgery. Parker takes a case about Teri's boyfriend. Fred loses his virginity to Stacy.
29
3 "Dream Big" Martha Coolidge Rob Wright July 10, 2011 (2011-07-10) 2.01[3]
Jane takes over the case of a woman who is reluctantly suing a sperm bank due to her resulting child being a "little person". Fred hires an actress to play his mother for a lunch with Stacy. Grayson helps a stripper with a legal matter, and later finds out that Vanessa's father will be presiding over the case.
30
4 "The Wedding" Kevin Hooks Sandy Isaac July 17, 2011 (2011-07-17) 2.27[4]
Grayson and Vanessa's wedding doesn't go as well as planned. Jane finds the real reason why a gunman held her at gunpoint and reluctantly decides to represent him in court, but he goes against her legal advice. Meanwhile, Grayson's new case revolves around a "rogue camel milker".
31
5 "Prom" Jamie Babbit Sarah McLaughlin July 24, 2011 (2011-07-24) 2.08[5]
Jane takes over the case of a teenager who was denied access to her prom due to her sexual orientation; a casting director attempts to get Fred into an energy drink commercial, which causes Stacy to become jealous; Grayson and Kim help represent Hank, Jane's former love interest, in a case about a mail-order bride scam.
32
6 "Closure" Michael Grossman William N. Fordes July 31, 2011 (2011-07-31) 2.09[6]
After being deputized as a DA, Jane/Deb meet one of Jane’s exes, a corrupt DA; Grayson represents Stacy on a lawsuit regarding her blog; Parker begins to suspect that Kim is dating, so he orders Teri to check it out.
33
7 "Mothers Day" Kevin Hooks Jeffrey Lippman August 7, 2011 (2011-08-07) 2.36[7]
Jane's and Deb's mothers fight over Jane's attention on a separate legal matter; Kim advises Fred on how to improve his relationship with Stacy.
34
8 "He Said, She Said" Tim Matheson Amy Engelberg & Wendy Engelberg August 14, 2011 (2011-08-14) 2.39[8]
Jane and Grayson are at odds when she represents a college student who accuses a star football player from Grayson's alma mater of rape; Kim helps her sister Jenna in her divorce settlement; Jane finds herself in an awkward position when she advises Parker and Bobbi (Deb's mother) in their relationship.
35
9 "You Bet Your Life" Dwight Little Rob Wright August 21, 2011 (2011-08-21) 2.23[9]
Jane helps Deb's former sorority house mother Kristin prove that the casino in which she lost all of her money has created an environment of intoxication; Kim and Parker represent a botanist who has cultivated a rare flower; Fred takes a down-and-out Grayson on a "guys night out".
36
10 "Toxic" Michael Schultz Sandy Isaac & Sarah McLaughlin August 28, 2011 (2011-08-28) 2.53[10]
Jane puts her own job in jeopardy by taking a case against one of the firm's biggest clients. Meanwhile, Teri asks Kim to represent her against a motivational speaker that she has despised since childhood, Fred becomes jealous of Stacy's relationship with her TV co-star, Brian, and Grayson's new relationship is about to hit a roadblock thanks to Jane.
37
11 "Ah Men" Robert J. Wilson Adam R. Perlman September 4, 2011 (2011-09-04) 1.93[11]
Parker is visited by an old flame, Elisa, who wants to sue her father's life insurance company after they refuse to pay out his policy. When Jane is asked to represent her, she learns what really happened after Parker's relationship with Elisa ended; Kim represents a reverend who has a controversial way to help the poor; Fred decides it's time for Stacy to confirm they really have a relationship after she spends more time with her on-screen co-star.
38
12 "Bride-a-Palooza" Michael Grossman Amy and Wendy Engelberg & William N. Fordes September 18, 2011 (2011-09-18) 2.18[12]
Jane takes the case of a law student whose fiancé was trampled by other brides during an off-the-rack bridal gown super-sale. Meanwhile Kim and Grayson take a case involving a brother and sister over the control of a medieval restaurant, Parker gets upset over Kim making new hire Elisa take on extra work, and Stacy's ride to the top of the diva chain is about to come crashing down.
39
13 "Change of Heart" Jamie Babbit Jeffrey Lippman & Alex Taub September 25, 2011 (2011-09-25) 2.12[13]
A respected judge requests Jane's help in the case of a man on death row who wants to donate his heart to his ill sister. Owen wants to take Jane with him on a year-long stay in New Zealand, where he will train for and eventually sail in the America's Cup. Grayson helps Stacy when she is accused of assault against her former co-star, and Jane is heartbroken when she sees the two kiss after the trial. Realizing the kiss was a mistake, Stacy tells Grayson that Jane is Deb, leaving him heartbroken. Parker discovers that he is the father of Elisa's child and leaves the firm indefinitely to establish a relationship with his unexpected family. Kim gets her wish to become a partner in the firm, and will be in charge while Parker is gone. Jane meets Owen at the airport, but only to tell him that he inspired her to go to Milan. She sees Fred at the gate to Milan. He tells her that he wants to propose to Stacy, but Jane tells him about the kiss, and when he asks what to do now, she says that he can go anywhere. Jane gets on the plane to Milan, only to have Owen sit down beside her and tell her that he can sail anywhere, while there is only one Jane. Grayson arrives at the airport, too late to get on the plane to Milan.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (June 20, 2011). "Return of Lifetime's 'Drop Dead Diva' Becomes Series' Most-Watched Season Premiere in Key Demographics". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (June 28, 2011). "Sunday Cable Ratings: More 'True Blood' & 'Falling Skies,' + 'Kardashians,' 'Law & Order: CI,' 'The Glades' and Much More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (July 12, 2011). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Bounces Back, 'Falling Skies' Steady + Women's World Cup, 'In Plain Sight,' 'The Glades' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (July 19, 2011). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Slips , 'Falling Skies' Steady + 'Breaking Bad,' 'Leverage,' 'In Plain Sight,' 'The Glades' & More". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on July 19, 2011. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (July 26, 2011). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Rises, 'Falling Skies' Steady + Kardashians, 'Entourage,' 'Breaking Bad,' 'Leverage,' 'The Glades' & Much More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (August 2, 2011). "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood,' Shark Week , 'Falling Skies,' 'In Plain Sight,' 'Breaking Bad,' 'Leverage,' & Much More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood,' Kardashians, 'Falling Skies,' 'In Plain Sight,' 'Breaking Bad,' & Much More - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2011-08-09. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Rises, Leads Night + Kardashians, 'Entourage,' 'Leverage,' 'Breaking Bad,' & Much More - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2011-08-16. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (August 23, 2011). "Sunday Cable: 'True Blood,' 'Kardashians,' 'Entourage' Lead + 'Breaking Bad,' 'Glee Project' & Much More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Rises, Leads Night + Kardashians, 'Entourage,' 'Leverage,' 'Breaking Bad,' & Much More - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2011-08-30. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Rises, Leads Night + Kardashians, 'Entourage,' 'Leverage,' 'Breaking Bad,' & Much More - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2011-09-07. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Rises, Leads Night + Kardashians, 'Entourage,' 'Leverage,' 'Breaking Bad,' & Much More - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2011-09-20. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
Jump up ^ "Sunday Cable Ratings: 'True Blood' Rises, Leads Night + Kardashians, 'Entourage,' 'Leverage,' 'Breaking Bad,' & Much More - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. 2011-09-27. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
External links[edit]
Drop Dead Diva on Lifetime
Drop Dead Diva on IMDb
Drop Dead Diva at TV.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Drop Dead Diva
Episodes
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4
Season 5
Season 6
Related
Official soundtrack
List of characters
Korean remake
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drop_Dead_Diva_(season_3)&oldid=802129980"
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text:
List of living Medal of Honor recipients
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
[hide]Medal of Honor
All recipients
American Civil War
By surname
A–F
G–L
M–P
Q–S
T–Z
By battle
Second Battle of Fort Fisher
Third Battle of Winchester
Battle of Cedar Creek
Battle of Gettysburg
Other wars and conflicts
Indian Wars
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v
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President Barack Obama meets with recipients at the National Medal of Honor Day ceremony at the Tomb of the Unknowns on March 25, 2009
There are currently 72 living recipients of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. The Medal of Honor is bestowed upon any member of the United States armed forces who distinguishes himself "conspicuously by gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States."[1]
Of the 72 living recipients, four earned their Medals of Honor in World War II, six in the Korean War, 51 in the Vietnam War, and eleven in the War in Afghanistan. Two earned their medal while serving in the U.S. Air Force, 49 in the U.S. Army, 13 in the U.S. Marine Corps, and eight in the U.S. Navy. The oldest recipient is Robert D. Maxwell, aged 96, whereas the youngest is Kyle Carpenter, aged 27. Two medal holders are still on active duty in the U.S. military, War in Afghanistan soldier William D. Swenson of the U.S. Army and Edward Byers of the U.S. Navy. Among the recipients are former U.S. Senator Bob Kerrey and three retired generals: Patrick Henry Brady and Robert F. Foley of the Army and James E. Livingston of the Marine Corps.
Contents
[hide]
1 Medal of Honor
2 World War II
3 Korea
4 Vietnam
5 War in Afghanistan
6 Recently deceased
7 References
8 External links
Medal of Honor[edit]
The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War and is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States. Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented posthumously.[2]
World War II[edit]
Main article: List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
See also: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Battle of Iwo Jima
During World War II 464 United States military personnel received the Medal of Honor, 266 (57.3%) of them posthumously. A total of 42 Medals of Honor were presented for action in just two battles – Fifteen for actions during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and 27 for actions during the Battle of Iwo Jima. A total of 21 (4.5% of all World War II Medals of Honor) were received by members of the all-Japanese American 100th Infantry Battalion of the 442nd Regimental Combat Team, for actions in numerous battles across six different campaigns.[3] Additionally, the only Medal of Honor ever presented to a member of the United States Coast Guard was received for actions during this war.[4]
Image
Name
Branch
Birth date and age
Reference
Coolidge, Charles H.Charles H. Coolidge Army 19210804 ! (1921-08-04) August 4, 1921 (age 96) [5]
Currey, Francis S.Francis S. Currey Army 19250629 ! (1925-06-29) June 29, 1925 (age 92) [6]
Maxwell, Robert D.Robert D. Maxwell Army 19201026 ! (1920-10-26) October 26, 1920 (age 96) [7]
Williams, Hershel W.Hershel W. Williams Marine Corps 19231002 ! (1923-10-02) October 2, 1923 (age 94) [8]
Korea[edit]
Main article: List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients
During the Korean War, 136 Medals of Honor were presented for bravery in action, 98 (72.1%) of them posthumously. As of 2017, six recipients were still living.[4]
Image
Name
Branch
Birth date and age
Reference
Dewey, Duane E.Duane E. Dewey Marine Corps 19311116 ! (1931-11-16) November 16, 1931 (age 85) [9]
Hudner, Jr., Thomas J.Thomas J. Hudner, Jr. Navy 19240831 ! (1924-08-31) August 31, 1924 (age 93) [10]
Miyamura, Hiroshi H.Hiroshi H. Miyamura Army 19251006 ! (1925-10-06) October 6, 1925 (age 91) [11]
Rosser, Ronald E.Ronald E. Rosser Army 19291024 ! (1929-10-24) October 24, 1929 (age 87) [12]
Simanek, Robert E.Robert E. Simanek Marine Corps 19300426 ! (1930-04-26) April 26, 1930 (age 87) [13]
West, Ernest E.Ernest E. West Army 19310902 ! (1931-09-02) September 2, 1931 (age 86) [8]
Vietnam[edit]
Main article: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War
During the Vietnam War, 249 Medals of Honor were received, 156 (62.9%) of them posthumously. Of the living recipients who received their medals for actions in the Vietnam War, 51 are alive as of 2017.[14]
The first person to earn the Medal of Honor in this war was Roger Donlon who, on 6 July 1964, rescued and administered first aid to several wounded soldiers and led a group against an enemy force.[15]
Image
Name
Branch
Birth date and age
Reference
Adkins, BennieBennie Adkins Army 19340201 ! (1934-02-01) February 1, 1934 (age 83)
Baca, JohnJohn Baca Army 19490110 ! (1949-01-10) January 10, 1949 (age 68) [16]
Ballard, Donald E.Donald E. Ballard Navy 19451205 ! (1945-12-05) December 5, 1945 (age 71) [17]
Barnum, Jr., Harvey C.Harvey C. Barnum, Jr. Marine Corps 19400721 ! (1940-07-21) July 21, 1940 (age 77) [18]
Beikirch, Gary B.Gary B. Beikirch Army 19470829 ! (1947-08-29) August 29, 1947 (age 70) [19]
Brady, Patrick HenryPatrick Henry Brady Army 19361001 ! (1936-10-01) October 1, 1936 (age 81) [7]
Bucha, PaulPaul Bucha Army 19430801 ! (1943-08-01) August 1, 1943 (age 74) [20]
Crandall, Bruce P.Bruce P. Crandall Army 1933 ! (1933-02-17) February 17, 1933 (age 84) [18]
Davis, Sammy L.Sammy L. Davis Army 19461101 ! (1946-11-01) November 1, 1946 (age 70) [21]
Dix, Drew DennisDrew Dennis Dix Army 19441214 ! (1944-12-14) December 14, 1944 (age 72) [11]
Donlon, RogerRoger Donlon Army 19340130 ! (1934-01-30) January 30, 1934 (age 83) [22]
Ferguson, Frederick EdgarFrederick Edgar Ferguson Army 19390818 ! (1939-08-18) August 18, 1939 (age 78) [23]
Fitzmaurice, Michael JohnMichael John Fitzmaurice Army 19500309 ! (1950-03-09) March 9, 1950 (age 67) [24]
Fleming, James P.James P. Fleming Air Force 19430312 ! (1943-03-12) March 12, 1943 (age 74) [7]
Foley, Robert F.Robert F. Foley Army 19410530 ! (1941-05-30) May 30, 1941 (age 76)
Fox, Wesley L.Wesley L. Fox Marine Corps 19310930 ! (1931-09-30) September 30, 1931 (age 86) [25]
Fritz, Harold A.Harold A. Fritz Army 19440221 ! (1944-02-21) February 21, 1944 (age 73) [21]
Hagemeister, Charles C.Charles C. Hagemeister Army 19460821 ! (1946-08-21) August 21, 1946 (age 71) [26]
Herda, Frank A.Frank A. Herda Army 19470913 ! (1947-09-13) September 13, 1947 (age 70)
Ingram, Robert R.Robert R. Ingram Navy 19450120 ! (1945-01-20) January 20, 1945 (age 72) [27]
Jackson, Joe M.Joe M. Jackson Air Force 19230314 ! (1923-03-14) March 14, 1923 (age 94) [7]
Jacobs, Jack H.Jack H. Jacobs Army 19450802 ! (1945-08-02) August 2, 1945 (age 72) [28]
Jenkins, Don J.Don J. Jenkins Army 19480418 ! (1948-04-18) April 18, 1948 (age 69) [8]
Kelley, Thomas G.Thomas G. Kelley Navy 19390513 ! (1939-05-13) May 13, 1939 (age 78) [29]
Kellogg, Allan J.Allan J. Kellogg Marine Corps 19431001 ! (1943-10-01) October 1, 1943 (age 74) [30]
Kerrey, BobBob Kerrey Navy 19430827 ! (1943-08-27) August 27, 1943 (age 74) [11]
Kettles, CharlesCharles Kettles Army 19300109 ! (1930-01-09) January 9, 1930 (age 87) [31]
Lee, Howard V.Howard V. Lee Marine Corps 19330801 ! (1933-08-01) August 1, 1933 (age 84) [32]
Lemon, Peter C.Peter C. Lemon Army 19500605 ! (1950-06-05) June 5, 1950 (age 67) [33]
Littrell, Gary L.Gary L. Littrell Army 19441026 ! (1944-10-26) October 26, 1944 (age 72) [34]
Livingston, James E.James E. Livingston Marine Corps 19400112 ! (1940-01-12) January 12, 1940 (age 77) [35]
Lynch, Allen JamesAllen James Lynch Army 19451028 ! (1945-10-28) October 28, 1945 (age 71) [21]
Marm, Jr., Walter JosephWalter Joseph Marm, Jr. Army 19411120 ! (1941-11-20) November 20, 1941 (age 75) [36]
McCloughan, James C.James C. McCloughan Army 19460430 ! (1946-04-30) April 30, 1946 (age 71) [37]
Modrzejewski, Robert J.Robert J. Modrzejewski Marine Corps 19340703 ! (1934-07-03) July 3, 1934 (age 83) [38]
Morris, MelvinMelvin Morris Army 19420107 ! (1942-01-07) January 7, 1942 (age 75) [39]
Norris, Thomas R.Thomas R. Norris Navy 19440114 ! (1944-01-14) January 14, 1944 (age 73) [7]
O'Malley, Robert EmmettRobert Emmett O'Malley Marine Corps 19430603 ! (1943-06-03) June 3, 1943 (age 74) [13]
Patterson, Robert MartinRobert Martin Patterson Army 19480416 ! (1948-04-16) April 16, 1948 (age 69) [40]
Rascon, Alfred V.Alfred V. Rascon Army 19450910 ! (1945-09-10) September 10, 1945 (age 72) [11]
Ray, Ronald E.Ronald E. Ray Army 19411207 ! (1941-12-07) December 7, 1941 (age 75) [41]
Roberts, Gordon RayGordon Ray Roberts Army 19500614 ! (1950-06-14) June 14, 1950 (age 67)
Rodela, JoseJose Rodela Army 19370615 ! (1937-06-15) June 15, 1937 (age 80) [42]
Sasser, ClarenceClarence Sasser Army 19470912 ! (1947-09-12) September 12, 1947 (age 70) [43]
Sprayberry, James M.James M. Sprayberry Army 19470424 ! (1947-04-24) April 24, 1947 (age 70) [44]
Stumpf, Kenneth E.Kenneth E. Stumpf Army 19440928 ! (1944-09-28) September 28, 1944 (age 73) [45]
Taylor, James AllenJames Allen Taylor Army 19371231 ! (1937-12-31) December 31, 1937 (age 79) [46]
Thacker, BrianBrian Thacker Army 19450425 ! (1945-04-25) April 25, 1945 (age 72) [13]
Thornton, Michael E.Michael E. Thornton Navy 19490323 ! (1949-03-23) March 23, 1949 (age 68) [11]
Vargas, Jay R.Jay R. Vargas Marine Corps 19380729 ! (1938-07-29) July 29, 1938 (age 79) [38] [47]
Wetzel, GaryGary Wetzel Army 19470929 ! (1947-09-29) September 29, 1947 (age 70) [48]
War in Afghanistan[edit]
Main article: List of post-Vietnam Medal of Honor recipients
The War in Afghanistan began on October 7, 2001 and was the beginning of the War on Terrorism. The war was launched by the United States, the United Kingdom, and NATO allies in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks. The stated purpose of the invasion was to capture Osama bin Laden, destroy al-Qaeda, and remove the Taliban regime which had provided support and safe harbor to al-Qaeda.[49] Since 2001, 14 American service-members have received the Medal of Honor for actions in Afghanistan, three of them posthumously.
Image
Name
Branch
Birth date and age
Reference
Edward Byers Navy 19790804 ! (1979-08-04) August 4, 1979 (age 38)
Carpenter, KyleKyle Carpenter Marine Corps 19891017 ! (1989-10-17) October 17, 1989 (age 27)
Carter, TyTy Carter Army 19800125 ! (1980-01-25) January 25, 1980 (age 37) [50]
Giunta, SalvatoreSalvatore Giunta Army 19850121 ! (1985-01-21) January 21, 1985 (age 32) [51]
Groberg, FlorentFlorent Groberg Army 19830508 ! (1983-05-08) May 8, 1983 (age 34) [52]
Meyer, DakotaDakota Meyer Marine Corps 19880626 ! (1988-06-26) June 26, 1988 (age 29) [53]
Petry, LeroyLeroy Petry Army 19790729 ! (1979-07-29) July 29, 1979 (age 38) [54]
Pitts, Ryan M.Ryan M. Pitts Army 19850101 !1985 (age 31–32)
Romesha, ClintonClinton Romesha Army 19810817 ! (1981-08-17) August 17, 1981 (age 36) [55]
Swenson, William D.William D. Swenson Army 19781102 ! (1978-11-02) November 2, 1978 (age 38)
White, KyleKyle White Army 19870327 ! (1987-03-27) March 27, 1987 (age 30) [56]
Recently deceased[edit]
Recipients who died within the last twelve months are listed below.[57]
Image
Name
Branch
Conflict
Birth date
Death date
Place of death
Ref.
Pittman, Richard A.Richard A. Pittman Marine Corps Vietnam War 000000001945-05-26-0000May 26, 1945 000000002016-10-13-0000October 13, 2016 California, Stockton !Stockton, California [58]
Liteky, CharlesCharles Liteky Army Vietnam War 000000001931-02-14-0000February 14, 1931 000000002017-01-20-0000January 20, 2017 California, San Francisco !San Francisco, California [59]
Thorsness, Leo K.Leo K. Thorsness Air Force Vietnam War 000000001932-02-14-0000February 14, 1932 000000002017-05-02-0000May 2, 2017 Florida, St. Augustine !St. Augustine, Florida [60]
Ross, Wilburn K.Wilburn K. Ross Army World War II 000000001922-05-26-0000May 26, 1922 000000002017-05-09-0000May 9, 2017 Washington, Tacoma !Tacoma, Washington [61]
Kinsman, Thomas JamesThomas James Kinsman Army Vietnam War 000000001945-03-04-0000March 4, 1945 000000002017-05-15-0000May 15, 2017 Washington, Toledo !Toledo, Washington [62]
Jackson, Arthur J.Arthur J. Jackson Marine Corps World War II 000000001924-10-18-0000October 18, 1924 000000002017-06-14-0000June 14, 2017 Idaho, Boise !Boise, Idaho [63]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ United States Department of the Army (July 1, 2002). "Section 578.4 Medal of Honor". Code of Federal Regulations Title 32, Volume 2. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
Jump up ^ "A Brief History — The Medal of Honor". Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). Department of Defense. August 8, 2006. Archived from the original on June 15, 2009. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Congressional Medal of Honor Society
^ Jump up to: a b "Medal of Honor recipients". Statistics of Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, Marines, and Coast Guardsmen who received the Medal of Honor. United States Army Center of Military History. June 8, 2009. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Group of Military Veterans Endorse Wamp For Governor". The Chattanoogan. Chattanooga, Tennessee. June 29, 2009. Archived from the original on June 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Medal of Honor recipient turning 100". Army Times. May 29, 2009. Archived from the original on May 31, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Marshall, John (November 11, 2003). "Medal of Honor recipient Patrick Brady epitomizes the humble hero". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Seattle, Washington. Archived from the original on May 31, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Elson, Martha (November 10, 2010). "Sullivan will dedicate plaza to vets". The Courier-Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. Archived from the original on November 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Wolffis, Susan Harrison (November 11, 2006). "Muskegon's Medal of Honor winner 'just doing his job'". Muskegon Chronicle. Muskegon, Michigan. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ Welker, Grant (May 25, 2008). "Decorated city native joins national parade". The Herald News. Fall River, Massachusetts. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Medal of Honor - Recipients Bios". Arlington, Virginia: WETA-TV. 2010. Retrieved June 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bruce, Billy (November 11, 2009). "VETERAN'S DAY: Never Forgotten". Ironton Tribune. Ironton, Ohio. Archived from the original on June 5, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Williams, Rudi (June 14, 2004). "Nine Medal of Honor recipients Attend Gala". United States Department of Defense. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Medal of Honor statistics". Medal of Honor citations archive. United States Army Center of Military History. June 8, 2009. Archived from the original on December 14, 2010. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ Murphy, 1987, pp. 13–23
Jump up ^ Vargo, Joe (May 14, 2008). "Cross-country flight to honor lives lost in Vietnam". The Press-Enterprise. Riverside, California. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gooding, Mike (November 29, 2010). "Medal of Honor recipient says being corpsman isn't for everyone". Hampton, Virginia: WVEC. Archived from the original on November 30, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Vargo, Joe (March 2, 2008). "Medal of Honor recipients give support, thanks to fellow veterans". The Press-Enterprise. Riverside, California. Archived from the original on May 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Army Cadet Henson Wins Medal of Honor Scholarship". Clarkson Integrator. Potsdam, New York: Clarkson University. September 18, 2006. Archived from the original on May 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Miller, Robert (November 6, 2009). "Ridgefield veteran to head state parade". The News-Times. Danbury, Connecticut. Archived from the original on June 15, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Reich, Howard (September 13, 2009). "Medal of Honor recipients say you can be hero too". Chicago Tribune. Chicago. Archived from the original on June 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gittler, Juliana (November 23, 2003). "Medal of Honor recipient encourages peace". Stars and Stripes. Washington D.C. Archived from the original on July 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Veterans speak of war service". East Valley Tribune. Mesa, Arizona. November 10, 2007. Archived from the original on July 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Eight Medal of Honor recipients are buried in SD". News From Indian Country. Wisconsin. May 28, 2007. Archived from the original on July 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Many ways to celebrate Memorial Day this weekend". The News & Advance. Lynchburg, Virginia. May 27, 2011. Archived from the original on June 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Royals to host Tigers, Twins". Kansas City, Missouri: Kansas City Royals. April 16, 2003. Archived from the original on July 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gaddis, Rebecca (June 18, 2009). "Medal of Honor recipient administers oath". Jax Air News. Jacksonville, Florida. Archived from the original on July 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ DiIonno, Mark (June 15, 2010). "Medal of Honor recipient from N.J. swears in 300 U.S. Army recruits at Statue of Liberty". New Jersey On-Line. Archived from the original on July 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Haneisen, Rob (June 3, 2009). "Framingham veteran keeps Flag Day event alive". The MetroWest Daily News. Framingham, Massachusetts. Archived from the original on July 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ O'Brien, B.J. (July 21, 2006). "Kellogg honored by alumni association". The Bethel Beacon. Bethel, Connecticut. Archived from the original on May 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ Dalbey, Beth (November 12, 2015). "In Advance of Veterans Day, Dingell, Peters & Stabenow Introduce Legislation to Award Long-Overdue Medal of Honor to Ypsilanti Vietnam Veteran". Bloomfiled Hills Patch.
Jump up ^ Mishalov, Neil. "List of Living Medal of Honor Recipients". Neil Mishalov. Retrieved 15 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Roper, Peter (May 13, 2010). "Medal of Honor golf tourney to host Fort Carson vets". The Pueblo Chieftain. Pueblo, Colorado. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Archer, Bill (August 23, 2010). "'I had a job to do'". Bluefield Daily Telegraph. Bluefield, West Virginia. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kropf, Schuyler (October 3, 2009). "Convention of heroes shaping up". The Post and Courier. Charleston, South Carolina. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Voss, Mike (April 23, 2010). "A healing wall". Washington Daily News. Washington, North Carolina. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Medal of Honor Goes to Vietnam Medic Who Ran Through ‘Hell on Earth’". NYTimes.com. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Liewer, Steve (November 11, 2007). "Medal of Honor process under fire". The San Diego Union-Tribune. San Diego, California. Archived from the original on May 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Melvin Morris's biography
Jump up ^ Griggs, Travis (October 17, 2010). "Wannabe warriors an 'insult' to their bravery". Pensacola News Journal. Pensacola, Florida. Archived from the original on October 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ George, Justin (August 5, 2005). "A rare and Honorable gathering". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. Archived from the original on July 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ Jose Rodela's biography
Jump up ^ Tompkins, John (February 11, 2008). "Legion post pays tribute to Sasser". Brazosport Facts. Clute, Texas. Archived from the original on May 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ Beyerle, Dana (June 25, 2000). "At first a casualty, Gadsden native became a hero". The Tuscaloosa News. Tuscaloosa, Alabama. p. 6A. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ Diedrich, John (August 22, 2007). "Medal of Honor is fake, say officials". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. p. 6B. Retrieved June 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ Fattig, Paul (June 28, 2010). "Clothes suited for an honorable vet". Mail Tribune. Medford, Oregon. Archived from the original on July 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ http://www.azdvs.gov/SearchResults.aspx?q=Frederick+Edgar+Ferguson&cx=013173311846497028359%3ahre03lpbgt4&cof=FORID%3a10
Jump up ^ Wideman, Steve (May 22, 2010). "LZ Lambeau motorcycle ride kicks off event". The Post-Crescent. Appleton, Wisconsin. Archived from the original on June 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The United States Army in Afghanistan". Operation Enduring Freedom. United States Army. March 17, 2006. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Obama awards Ty Carter Medal of Honor for Afghan battle". BBC. August 26, 2013. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Obert, Lori (February 10, 2012). "Blackhawk lands at Pepsi Center". Denver, Colorado: KUSA. Archived from the original on February 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ Gibbons-Neff, Thomas (October 14, 2015). "This Army captain will get the Medal of Honor for tackling an Afghan suicide bomber". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lamothe, Dan (July 19, 2011). "Obama OKs Medal of Honor for living Marine". Marine Corps Times. Springfield, Virginia. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Army Ranger to be awarded Medal of Honor". Stars and Stripes. Washington, D.C. May 31, 2011. Archived from the original on June 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ogden, Eloise (January 12, 2013). "Minot man to receive Medal of Honor". Minot Daily News. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Profile: Sergeant Kyle Jerome White". U.S. Army. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Recently Departed". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. 2010. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Vietnam War Medal of Honor Recipient Richard Pittman Dies at Age 71
Jump up ^ Charlie Liteky, who gave back his Medal of Honor, dies
Jump up ^ Medal of Honor Recipient Leo K. Thorsness Passes Away at 85
Jump up ^ Wilburn Ross, who received Medal of Honor for heroism in WWII, dies at 94
Jump up ^ Medal of Honor Recipient Thomas Kinsman Dies at 72
Jump up ^ Medal of Honor Recipient Arthur J. Jackson Passes Away at 92
"Living Recipients". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. 2017. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
External links[edit]
Congressional Medal of Honor Foundation: List of Recipients
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_living_Medal_of_Honor_recipients&oldid=796963013"
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values: Three medals, side by side, consisting of an inverted 5-pointed star hanging from a light blue ribbon with 13 white stars in the center. Left medal has a laurel wreath around the star and an eagle emblem above the star; central medal has an anchor emblem attaching the medal to the ribbon; rightmost medal has a laurel wreath around the star and an emblem with wings, lightning bolts and the word "VALOR" connecting the medal to the ribbon.

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values: List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients

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values: List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L

values: List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: M–P

values: List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: Q–S

values: List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: T–Z

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Second Battle of Fort Fisher

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Third Battle of Winchester

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Battle of Cedar Creek

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Battle of Gettysburg

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Spanish–American War

values: List of Philippine–American War Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Boxer Rebellion

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients (Veracruz)

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War I

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Attack on Pearl Harbor

values: List of Korean War Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Vietnam War

values: List of post-Vietnam War Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients during peacetime

values: List of African-American Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Asian Pacific American Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Hispanic Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Irish-American Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Italian-American Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Jewish Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Native American Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Polish-American Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Puerto Rican recipients of the Medal of Honor

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients who were also Eagle Scouts

values: List of foreign-born Medal of Honor recipients

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients educated at the United States Military Academy

values: List of Medal of Honor recipients educated at the United States Naval Academy

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United States armed forces

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U.S. Air Force

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U.S. Marine Corps

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Posthumous recognition

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Japanese American

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U.S. 100th Infantry Battalion

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442nd Regimental Combat Team

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Currey in 1945

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Thomas J. Hudner, Jr.

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Miyamura in 2008

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Rosser in 2012

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West in 2009

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Roger H. C. Donlon

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Bennie Adkins

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Harvey C. Barnum, Jr.

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Brady in 1989

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Bucha in 2011

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Crandall in 2012

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Black Speech
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about fictional language. For the variety of American English known as "Black English", see African-American English.
Black Speech
Created by
J. R. R. Tolkien
Date
c. 1945 – 1973
Setting and usage
Mordor in Middle-earth
Users
None since J. R. R. Tolkien.
Purpose
constructed language
artistic language
Black Speech
Language codes
ISO 639-3
None (mis)
Glottolog
None
The Black Speech is a fictional language created by J. R. R. Tolkien.
One of the languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien in Tolkien's legendarium, it was spoken in the realm of Mordor. Tolkien describes the language as being created by Sauron as an (in-universe) constructed language to be the sole language of all the servants of Mordor, thereby replacing (with little success) the many different varieties of Orkish, Common Speech and other languages used by his servants. Tolkien describes the language as existing in two forms, the ancient "pure" forms used by Sauron himself, the Nazgûl, and the Olog-hai, and the more "debased" form used by the soldiery of Barad-dûr at the end of the Third Age.
Contents
[hide]
1 Development by Tolkien
2 Fictional history of the language
3 The One Ring inscription
4 Other examples
5 Film use
6 Parallels to natural languages
7 See also
8 Notes
9 External links
Development by Tolkien[edit]
The Black Speech is one of the more fragmentary languages in the novels. Unlike Elvish, Tolkien did not write songs or poems in the Black Speech, apart from the One Ring inscription. Tolkien stated [1]
The Black Speech was not intentionally modelled on any style, but was meant to be self consistent, very different from Elvish, yet organized and expressive, as would be expected of a device of Sauron before his complete corruption. It was evidently an agglutinative language. [...] I have tried to play fair linguistically, and it is meant to have a meaning not be a mere casual group of nasty noises, though an accurate transcription would even nowadays only be printable in the higher and artistically more advanced form of literature. According to my taste such things are best left to Orcs, ancient and modern.
From a fan, Tolkien received a goblet with the Ring inscription on it in Black Speech. Because the Black Speech in general is an accursed language, and the Ring inscription in particular is a vile spell, Tolkien never drank out of it, and used it only as an ashtray.[2]
Fictional history of the language[edit]
Sauron attempted to impose Black Speech as the official language of the lands he dominated (ultimately, to include all of Middle-earth) and all his servants, but he was only partially successful. The Nazgûl, the Olog-hai (the elite Battle Trolls of Mordor), and several of Sauron's major lieutenants and officers (e.g. the Mouth of Sauron) learned and used the Black Speech, but it never really caught on with the Orcs, or the various groups of Men from the east and south that Sauron conquered. The Orcs tended to corrupt and debase any language they were exposed to, so while Black Speech strongly influenced their vocabulary and perhaps grammar, it soon mutated into the myriad Orkish dialects, which are not mutually intelligible. By the end of the Third Age, while Orc vocabulary was peppered with certain terms from Black Speech, even they generally communicated using Westron, albeit heavily debased. The Elves refuse to utter Black Speech, as it attracts the attention of the Eye of Sauron.
The One Ring inscription[edit]
The only example of "pure" Black Speech is the inscription upon the One Ring:
Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul,
ash nazg thrakatulûk agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.
Translated into English:
One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,
One Ring to bring them all and in the darkness bind them.
These are the last two lines of a verse about the Rings of Power. This corresponds to the following table as explained by J.R.R. Tolkien.[3]
Black Speech
English
ash one
nazg ring
durb- constrain, force, dominate
-at verb ending, like a participle
-ul-ûk verbal ending expressing object 3rd person pl. "them" (ul) (sic) in completive or total form "them-all". -ul-ûk is two morphemes because -ûk is the completive affix, however it must be used in combination with a plural noun to indicate a group.
gimb- seek out, discover
-ul them
thrak- bring by force, hale, drag
ghâsh- fire
agh and
burzum darkness
ishi in, inside
krimp- bind, tie
Other examples[edit]
A few Black Speech words are known, given by Tolkien in Appendix F of The Return of the King. These include Lugbúrz, meaning "Dark Tower" (Barad-dûr), snaga, meaning "slave", and ghâsh "fire". The name Nazgûl is a combination of "nazg" meaning "ring" and "gûl" meaning "wraith(s)", therefore giving the translation "ringwraiths".[4] The only known sample of debased Black Speech/Orkish can be found in The Two Towers, where the "yellow-fanged" Mordor Orc Grishnákh curses the Isengard Uruk Uglúk:
Uglúk u bagronk sha pushdug Saruman-glob búbhosh skai!
In The Peoples of Middle-earth, Christopher Tolkien gives the translation: "Uglúk to the cesspool, sha! the dungfilth; the great Saruman-fool, skai!". However, in a note published in the journal Vinyar Tengwar, this alternative translation is given: "Uglúk to the dung-pit with stinking Saruman-filth, pig-guts, gah!"
Film use[edit]
For The Lord of the Rings film trilogy, the linguist David Salo used what little is known of the Black Speech to invent two phrases:[citation needed]
Gu kibum kelkum-ishi, burzum-ishi. Akha-gum-ishi ashi gurum.
("No life in coldness, in darkness. Here in void, only death.")
The word burzum-ishi ('in darkness') is taken from the Ring Verse, and three other abstract nouns are invented with the same ending –um. The word ashi, meaning 'only', is taken from ash ('one') in the Ring Verse. The other words were made up by Salo.
Parallels to natural languages[edit]
Russian historian Alexander Nemirovski claimed a strong similarity to Hurrian[4], which had recently been partially deciphered at the time of the writing of The Lord of the Rings, E. A. Speiser's Introduction to Hurrian appearing in 1941.[5]
See also[edit]
Middle-earth portal
Fictional languages
Constructed languages
Languages constructed by J. R. R. Tolkien
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", Parma Eldalemberon 17, p. 11-12.
Jump up ^ The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, Letter 343
Jump up ^ J.R.R. Tolkien, "Words, Phrases and Passages in Various Tongues in The Lord of the Rings", Parma Eldalemberon 17, p. 11.
^ Jump up to: a b Fauskanger, Helge K. "Orkish and the Black Speech". Ardalambion. University of Bergen. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
Jump up ^ The annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research, v. 20, N.H. 1941.
External links[edit]
Orkish and the Black Speech - base language for base purposes
Black Speech analysis by Craig Daniel
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