text:
Poldark
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For other uses, see Poldark (disambiguation).
Ross Poldark first edition
(Ward Lock & Co)
Poldark is a series of historical novels by Winston Graham, published from 1945 to 1953 and continued from 1973 to 2002. The series comprises 12 novels: the first seven are set in the 18th century, concluding in Christmas 1799; the remaining five are concerned with the early years of the 19th century and the lives of the descendants of the previous novels' main characters. Graham wrote the first four Poldark books during the 1940s and 1950s. Following a long hiatus, he decided to resume the series and published The Black Moon in 1973.
The main character, Ross Poldark, is a British Army officer who returns to his home in Cornwall from the American War of Independence only to find that his fiancée Elizabeth Chynoweth believed him dead and is about to marry his cousin Francis Poldark. Ross attempts to restore his own fortunes by reopening one of the family's derelict copper mines. After several years, he marries Demelza Carne, a poor servant girl, and is gradually reconciled to the loss of Elizabeth's love.
The BBC aired two television adaptations: one which aired in 1975 and 1977, and one which aired in 2015-2018.
Contents
1 The Poldark novels
2 Main characters
2.1 Ross Poldark
2.2 Demelza Poldark, née Carne
2.3 Dwight Enys
2.4 Caroline Enys, née Penvenen
2.5 Elizabeth Warleggan, previously Poldark, née Chynoweth
2.6 George Warleggan
2.7 Francis Poldark
2.8 Verity Blamey, née Poldark
2.9 The Reverend Osborne Whitworth
3 Television adaptations of the novels
4 People who inspired the characters
5 Allusions to historical events and real places
6 Publication history
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
The Poldark novels[edit]
All of the novels are subtitled A Novel of Cornwall.[1] In a preface to The Black Moon, Graham explained his decision to revive the series after a two-decade hiatus.[citation needed]
Sequence
Title
Years Included
First Published
1 Ross Poldark 1783–87 1945
2 Demelza 1788–90 1946[2]
3 Jeremy Poldark 1790–91 1950[2]
4 Warleggan 1792–93 1953
5 The Black Moon 1794–95 1973
6 The Four Swans 1795–97 1976
7 The Angry Tide 1798–99 1977
8 The Stranger from the Sea 1810–11 1981
9 The Miller's Dance 1812–13 1982
10 The Loving Cup 1813–15 1984
11 The Twisted Sword 1815 1990
12 Bella Poldark 1818–20 2002
Main characters[edit]
Ross Poldark[edit]
Ross Poldark is the protagonist of the series. In his autobiography, Graham states that Ross's character was, in part, based upon a fighter pilot he met on a train during World War II. In the first novel in the series, Ross Poldark, he learns upon his return home from the American War of Independence that his fiancée, Elizabeth, has given him up for dead and promised to marry his cousin, Francis. Life becomes bleak for Ross. A brooding and introspective character, he assumes his late father's estate, which includes a failing copper mine. Having lost Elizabeth to Francis, he marries Demelza, the girl he originally hired as his scullery maid, and they soon have a baby called Julia. Over the next 20 years, four more children follow: Jeremy; Clowance; Isabella-Rose; and Henry.
Demelza Poldark, née Carne[edit]
Taken home from Redruth Fair by Ross, miner's daughter Demelza and her dog Garrick have an unpromising start. However, she soon develops into a charming, amusing, lovely young woman, eventually winning Ross's affection. Dark and earthy, she is the total opposite of the fragile Elizabeth. The two women are wary but polite towards each other. Demelza shows courage and fierce loyalty to Ross but is somewhat impulsive, causing trouble for both of them. She has five brothers.
Dwight Enys[edit]
A young doctor who arrives in Cornwall after training in London. He strikes up a firm friendship with Ross which proves strong and enduring. He is conscientious and generous, often not charging his poorest patients for his services. He becomes involved with a young miner's wife with tragic results. He eventually marries a young heiress, Caroline Penvenen. After marrying Caroline, he goes to war.
Caroline Enys, née Penvenen[edit]
Caroline is an orphan, taken in and raised by her rich uncle, Ray. Strong-willed and independent, she begins a romance with Dwight Enys against her uncle's wishes, culminating in a disastrous plan to elope. Dwight comes home from war just for a day so that they can marry, before Dwight's rescue from a prison camp in France. Caroline and Dwight's first daughter, Sarah, has a congenital heart defect and dies in infancy. Two more daughters, Sophie and Meliora, follow.
Elizabeth Warleggan, previously Poldark, née Chynoweth[edit]
She was Ross Poldark's first love and he was probably hers, but thinking him dead in America she marries Ross's cousin Francis. Elizabeth, delicate and beautiful, tries to be a good wife to Francis but must watch her marriage fail due to Francis's alcoholism, insecurity and unfaithfulness. After his death Elizabeth struggles with poverty and loneliness, eventually accepting George Warleggan as her husband. She has 2 sons, one with Francis (Geoffrey Charles) and the other supposedly with George (Valentine). She has a daughter with George called Ursula, but Elizabeth dies in childbirth. Between her betrothal to George and the wedding, Ross pays her a visit and has sex with her. It was established in The Angry Tide that Valentine was Ross's son:
"Though Elizabeth had been constitutionally strong enough, perhaps some exhaustion in the ancient Chynoweth strain was to be the cause of this virtual obliteration of her personal appearance in any of her children, and the dominance of the three fathers. Geoffrey Charles was already like Francis. Valentine would grow ever more like the man who had just left the house. And little Ursula would become sturdy and strong and thick-necked and as determined as a blacksmith."
Graham, Winston. The Angry Tide: A Novel of Cornwall 1798-1799 (Poldark Book 7) (p. 602). Pan Macmillan. Kindle Edition.
George Warleggan[edit]
Ross's arch-enemy is of a new class of industrialists and bankers. Although regarded as an upstart by the aristocracy, through ruthlessness and cunning he becomes increasingly powerful. Always impeccably dressed and elegantly behaved, he constantly schemes to increase his own wealth at the expense of others, including the Poldarks. He becomes enamoured of Elizabeth, eventually marrying her after she is widowed.
Francis Poldark[edit]
Ross's cousin Francis has a tendency to be flippant but his feelings are strong and he can be very obstinate. The two cousins were friends as boys but their relationship is tested severely when Francis marries Elizabeth, with lasting repercussions for them all. He has one son with Elizabeth.
Verity Blamey, née Poldark[edit]
Francis's sister and Ross's cousin Verity is described as plain, with fluffy hair and a mobile mouth. She has been a dutiful, unmarried daughter who looks after the affairs of her father, Charles Poldark, and his estate. She meets and falls in love with Andrew Blamey, a sea captain. Unfortunately he has a terrible secret that is soon revealed, and she seems to lose her chance of happiness.
The Reverend Osborne Whitworth[edit]
Osborne Whitworth appears briefly in the first Poldark series of novels, but comes to feature prominently in the second series when he marries Morwenna Chynoweth, Elizabeth's cousin, who is in love with Drake Carne, Demelza's brother. Whitworth's main preoccupations are money and women. He is loud and arrogant, delivering sermons which intimidate his parishioners more than inspire them. When deprived of his wife's sexual companionship during her pregnancy, he begins an affair with her fifteen-year-old sister, Rowella, which proves to be his undoing. He has a son, named John Conan, and two daughters with his first wife.
Television adaptations of the novels[edit]
The BBC adapted the first seven books of the novel sequence as Poldark, a television series first broadcast in 1975 and again in 1977. Robin Ellis portrayed Ross and Angharad Rees was featured as Demelza.
In 1996, HTV produced a pilot episode of The Stranger from the Sea, written by Robin Mukherjee, which became a controversial adaptation with fans, using a new cast featuring John Bowe as Ross Poldark and Mel Martin as Demelza. Fans protested, and over fifty members of the Poldark Appreciation Society picketed HTV's headquarters in Bristol wearing 18th century costumes.[3] The pilot was unsuccessful, and no further episodes were made.[4]
The BBC broadcast a new adaptation of the novels in 2015, again titled Poldark, with Aidan Turner in the title role and Eleanor Tomlinson as Demelza.[5] Like the original 1975 BBC adaptation, this new series has been taken up by the PBS network for broadcast in the United States.
People who inspired the characters[edit]
Graham mentions in his autobiography Memoirs of a Private Man that the character of Demelza is based on his own Cornish wife Jeann, at least in part.[6]
Graham states in Poldark's Cornwall that the hamlet of Demelza was the inspiration for his character's first name.[a]
In Poldark's Cornwall, Graham reveals that the name "Poldark" is a product of his imagination. He initially named the character after his friend, a chemist named Polgreen. However, Polgreen did not sound strong or mysterious enough for the character, so Graham changed Polgreen to Poldark.[7]
Ross Poldark's physical characteristics are based upon those of an injured flying officer whom Graham met on a train during the Second World War. [7]
The Carne brothers (Sam[8] and Drake[9]) could be based on the pioneers of Methodism John and Charles Wesley.
Allusions to historical events and real places[edit]
In his autobiography "Memoirs of a Private Man", Graham explains that some of the stories and plots in the book draw from actual people and events from Cornish history.[10]. According to Graham the names of the original people and places (and sometimes the dates) have been adapted or changed, but essentially the material facts remain the same.[10] Some examples that Winston Graham used are:
The story of the physician (Dr. Enys) who was called out to attend a young girl's (Caroline Penvenen) dog.[b]
The incident with the fishbone where (Caroline) believes she has the putrid throat, and eventually Dr Enys is called out to her, removing a fishbone in order to cure her.[b]
The fifth Poldark novel "Black Moon" is set between 1794 and 1795. A total lunar eclipse visible from the UK occurred on 14 February 1794[11] and could be the inspiration for the title.
Hendrawna is his name for Perranporth[12].
Graham's source material for his description of Launceston Gaol was taken from John Howard's "The State of Prisons in England and Wales" published initially in 1777. Graham used the reissued 1784 edition.[10][13]
Publication history[edit]
The first novel Ross Poldark, was published in the UK in 1945. Upon re-publication in the US in 1951, it was retitled The Renegade, and significantly shortened by approximately 12%, with most editions since then using the shorter, revised text.[14]
The second novel, Demelza, was published in the UK in 1946. Upon re-publication in the US in 1953, it was also significantly shortened, by approximately 14%, with most editions since then using the shorter text.[15]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Graham also states that the first real-life child named Demelza (after his character) was the daughter of British writer Denys Val Baker.[7]
^ Jump up to: a b Graham attributes Dr James Fordyce as providing the idea for this in his book on fevers dated 1789.[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Poldark Novels". Cornwall Calling.
^ Jump up to: a b Jack Adrian Obituary: Winston Graham,The Independent, 11 July 2003
Jump up ^ "Obituary: Winston Graham". Daily Telegraph. 11 July 2003.
Jump up ^ Graham, Winston (2003). Memoirs of a Private Man. London: Macmillan. pp. 221–225. ISBN 0-330-41959-5.
Jump up ^ "BBC One announces Aidan Turner to star as Poldark in new series". BBC Media Centre. 28 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Graham, Winston (1 October 2004). Memoirs of a Private Man. Macmillan UK (first published 1 September 2003). ISBN 9781405033749.
^ Jump up to: a b c Graham, Winston (2015). Poldark's Cornwall. Macmillan. p. 190. ISBN 978-1447299974.
Jump up ^ "BBC — Tom York is Sam Carne — Media Centre". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
Jump up ^ "BBC — Harry Richardson is Drake Carne — Media Centre". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Graham, Winston (2003). "Chapter Eight". Memoirs of a Private Man. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-330-41959-5.
Jump up ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 14 Feb, 1794 AD". moonblink.info. Retrieved 2017-06-12.
Jump up ^ Graham, Winston (2003). Memoirs of a Private Man. London: Macmillan. p. 49. ISBN 0-330-41959-5.
Jump up ^ Howard, John (1784). The State of prisons in England and Wales. Warrington: William Eyres. pp. 382–383.
Jump up ^ "In Profile ~ A Winston Graham Reader". Yolasite.com.
Jump up ^ "In Profile ~ A Winston Graham Reader". Yolasite.com.
External links[edit]
Official website
Poldark (TV series 1975-1977) on IMDb
Poldark (1996) on IMDb
Poldark (TV series 2015-) on IMDb
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You're Sixteen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"You're Sixteen"
Single by Johnny Burnette
from the album Johnny Burnette
B-side
"I Beg Your Pardon"
Released
October 1960
Format
7"
Genre
Rock
Length
1:56
Label
Liberty (U.S.)
London (UK)
Songwriter(s)
Robert B. Sherman, Richard M. Sherman
Producer(s)
Snuff Garrett
Johnny Burnette singles chronology
"Dreamin'"
(1960) "You're Sixteen"
(1960) "Little Boy Sad"
(1961)
"Dreamin'"
(1960) "You're Sixteen"
(1960) "Little Boy Sad"
(1961)
"You're Sixteen" is a song written by the Sherman Brothers (Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman). It was first performed by American rockabilly singer Johnny Burnette, whose version peaked at number eight on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 in December 1960 and number 3 in the U.K. in 1961.[1] The original 1960 version of "You're Sixteen" by Johnny Burnette is featured prominently on the 1973 motion picture soundtrack of the film American Graffiti.
Contents
[hide]
1 Chart history
1.1 Weekly charts
1.2 Year-end charts
2 Personnel
3 Ringo Starr version
4 Chart history
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
5 Other covers
6 References
7 External links
Chart history[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1960-61)
Peak
position
UK (OCC) 3
US Billboard Hot 100[2] 8
US Cash Box Top 100[3] 7
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1961)
Rank
UK [4] 48
US Cash Box [5] 45
Personnel[edit]
The personnel on the Johnny Burnette version included:
Johnny Burnette - vocal
Bobby Gibbons - guitar
Vincent Terri - guitar
Red Callender - bass
Ernie Freeman - piano
Jerry Allison - drums
Alvin Dinkin - viola
Stanley Harris - viola
Dave Berman - violin
Herman Clebanoff - violin
Harold Dicterow - violin
Ben "Benny" Gill - violin
Irma Newman - violin
Joe Stepansky - violin
Darrel Terwilliger - violin
Gerald Vinci - violin
unknown - backing vocals
Ringo Starr version[edit]
"You're Sixteen"
UK picture sleeve
Single by Ringo Starr
from the album Ringo
B-side
"Devil Woman"
Released
3 December 1973 (US)
8 February 1974 (UK)
Format
7"
Recorded
September 1973
Genre
Rock and roll, country
Length
2:46
Label
Apple
Songwriter(s)
Robert B. Sherman, Richard M. Sherman
Producer(s)
Richard Perry
Ringo Starr singles chronology
"Photograph"
(1973) "You're Sixteen"
(1973) "Oh My My"
(1974)
"Photograph"
(1973) "You're Sixteen"
(1974) "Oh My My"
(1974)
Ringo track listing
10 tracks [show]
Side one
"I'm the Greatest"
"Have You Seen My Baby"
"Photograph"
"Sunshine Life for Me (Sail Away Raymond)"
"You're Sixteen"
Side two
"Oh My My"
"Step Lightly"
"Six O'Clock"
"Devil Woman"
"You and Me (Babe)"
Ringo Starr's version was released as a single in the US,[nb 1] on 3 December 1973, and in the UK,[nb 2] on 8 February 1974.[8] In January 1974, the song, taken from the album Ringo, hit number one. The latter performance reunited Ringo Starr with his former Beatles bandmate Paul McCartney. McCartney is credited on the liner notes of the album Ringo as having played the solo on a kazoo. But reviewer Michael Verity has quoted the song's producer, Richard Perry, as revealing it wasn't actually a kazoo. “In fact, the solo on ‘You’re Sixteen,’ which sounds like a kazoo or something, was Paul singing very spontaneously as we played that track back, so he’s singing the solo on that.”[9] In any case, Starr's version remains one of the few #1 singles to feature a 'kazoo-sound' solo. Harry Nilsson sang backing vocals on Starr's version. Nicky Hopkins is heard playing the piano, including his going up and down the scale in the instrumental fade of the song. Also, the Ringo Starr version was in 6/8 time, compared to the original, which was in 2/4 time. In addition, in Ringo's version, the melody and the chords were different, in the Bridge Section, which led to a minor key, while the original version used all major keys.
The 1978 video of Starr's version features Carrie Fisher as Starr's love interest.
Chart history[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1973-74)
Peak
position
Australia KMR[10] 6
Belgium 10
Canada RPM Top Singles[11] 2
Canada RPM Adult Contemporary[12] 13
Ireland (IRMA)[13] 2
Germany 19
Japan 74
Netherlands 6
New Zealand (Listener)[14] 1
Norway 6
Switzerland 6
UK (OCC) 4
US Billboard Hot 100[15] 1
US Billboard Easy Listening 2
US Cash Box Top 100[16] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1974)
Rank
Australia [10] 62
Canada [17] 32
UK 49
US Billboard Hot 100[18] 31
US Cash Box [19] 18
Other covers[edit]
The song title has been the subject of musical parody by various performers, from Australian punk rock band Frenzal Rhomb's "She's Sixty, She's Beautiful and She's Mine" to Australian singer-songwriter Paul Kelly's "You're 39, You're Beautiful and You're Mine". A reference to "You're Sixteen" is made in the title of Cold Chisel's EP You're Thirteen, You're Beautiful, and You're Mine.
References[edit]
Footnotes
Jump up ^ US Apple 1870[6]
Jump up ^ UK Apple R 5995[7]
Citations
Jump up ^ You're Sixteen Chart Positions Retrieved June 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, January 7, 1961
Jump up ^ The 100 Best-Selling Singles of 1961
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 30, 1961
Jump up ^ Harry, Bill (2004). The Ringo Starr Encyclopedia. London: Virgin Books. p. 183. ISBN 9780753508435.
Jump up ^ Harry, Bill (2004). The Ringo Starr Encyclopedia. London: Virgin Books. p. 182. ISBN 9780753508435.
Jump up ^ Harry, Bill (2004). The Ringo Starr Encyclopedia. London: Virgin Books. pp. 182, 183. ISBN 9780753508435.
Jump up ^ Michael Verity, “Number 1 With A Bullet: Ringo Starr’s ‘You’re Sixteen’”[permanent dead link] Retrieved May 24, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (doc)|format= requires |url= (help). Australian Chart Book, St Ives, N.S.W. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – You're Sixteen". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Flavour of New Zealand, 9 Mar 1974
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, February 2, 1974
Jump up ^ Bac-lac.gc.ca
Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 28, 1974
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"Show and Tell" by Al Wilson Billboard Hot 100 number-one single (Ringo Starr version)
January 26, 1974 (one week) Succeeded by
"The Way We Were" by Barbra Streisand
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v
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1970s
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"You're Sixteen"
1974
"Oh My My"
"Only You (And You Alone)"
1975
"No No Song" / "Snookeroo"
"(It's All Down to) Goodnight Vienna"
1976
"Oh My My" / "No No Song"
"A Dose of Rock 'n' Roll"
"You Don't Know Me at All" (Europe; except UK)
"Hey! Baby"
"Las Brisas" (Mexico)
1977
"Wings"
"Drowning in the Sea of Love"
"Sneaking Sally Through the Alley" (Australia)
1978
"Tango All Night" (Spain)
"Lipstick Traces (On a Cigarette)"
"Heart on My Sleeve"
"Tonight"
1980s
1981
"Wrack My Brain"
1982
"Private Property"
1983
"In My Car" (Germany)
1984
"I Keep Forgettin'" (Mexico)
1985
"Sun City" (with Artists United Against Apartheid)
1986
"You Know It Makes Sense"
1989
"Act Naturally" (with Buck Owens)
1990s
1991
"You Never Know" (promo)
1992
"Don't Go Where the Road Don't Go"
"Weight of the World"
1998
"La De Da"
"King of Broken Hearts" (promo)
"One" (promo)
"Mr. Double-It-Up" (promo)
1999
"Come On Christmas, Christmas Come On" (promo)
2000s
2003
"Never Without You"
"Imagine Me There" (promo)
2005
"Fading In Fading Out" (promo)
2007
"Liverpool 8"
2009
"The Official BBC Children in Need Medley" (with Peter Kay's Animated All Star Band)
"Walk with You" (with Paul McCartney)
2010s
2012
"Wings"
2015
"Postcards from Paradise"
2017
"Give More Love"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=You%27re_Sixteen&oldid=790465764"
Categories:
1960 singles
1973 singles
1974 singles
Johnny Burnette songs
Ringo Starr songs
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Song recordings produced by Richard Perry
London Records singles
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1960 songs
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