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Celebrity Jeopardy! (Saturday Night Live)
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Celebrity Jeopardy!
Saturday Night Live sketch
Will Ferrell (as Alex Trebek) and Darrell Hammond (as Sean Connery).
Written by
Norm Macdonald and Steve Higgins
Stars
Will Ferrell
Darrell Hammond
Six episodes:
Jimmy Fallon
Norm Macdonald
Two episodes:
Kenan Thompson
One episode each:
Alec Baldwin
Drew Barrymore
Jim Carrey
David Duchovny
Dean Edwards
Ana Gasteyer
John Goodman
Tom Hanks
Taran Killam
Lucy Liu
Tobey Maguire
Kate McKinnon
Chris Parnell
Matthew Perry
Amy Poehler
Winona Ryder
Reese Witherspoon
Horatio Sanz
Molly Shannon
Martin Short
Ben Stiller
Alex Trebek (Cameo)
Kristen Wiig
Total episodes:
15
Timeline:
1996–2015
Celebrity Jeopardy! is a series of sketches that aired regularly on the television comedy/variety show Saturday Night Live between 1996 and 2002, the years when Will Ferrell was a cast member. It parodies the same-named special event on the television quiz show Jeopardy! that features competition between notable individuals with all winnings going towards charitable organizations, and significant reductions to the game's level of difficulty. Fifteen sketches aired between December 1996 and February 2015: two sketches per season from 1996 to 2002; and one each in 2005 and 2009, when Ferrell returned to the show as host. The sketch was revived for the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special on February 15, 2015.
Ferrell portrays Jeopardy! host Alex Trebek. Darrell Hammond also appeared in each sketch, usually portraying Sean Connery, in an impersonation that typically involves crass insults directed at Trebek.[1] Norm Macdonald appeared as Burt Reynolds in six sketches. Jimmy Fallon also appeared six times, each time portraying a different character.
On several occasions, Celebrity Jeopardy! sketches have been referenced during actual episodes of Jeopardy!.[2][3][4][5]
Contents
1 Sketch
2 Episodes
3 Cast
3.1 SNL cast members
3.2 SNL hosts
4 Background
5 Critical reactions
6 Impact
7 References
8 External links
Sketch[edit]
The sketch begins at the start of the Double Jeopardy! round. Trebek welcomes the audience, introduces the celebrity contestants, and reveals their scores, which are either $0, a negative score, or a very low positive score. Many times, the contestants refuse or fail to select an appropriate category and dollar value from the game board, grinding the game to a halt and often requiring Trebek to choose one himself. As the celebrities' growing ineptitude became apparent, the subject matter used for categories shifted from normal topics (such as "Movies" and "Popular Music") to more childish topics, categories with titles giving not-so-subtle hints as to the correct response without reading the clues (such as "Famous Kareem Abdul-Jabbars"), and those requiring no responses whatsoever. Recurring Jeopardy! category "Potent Potables" appears in every sketch but is never selected, and when it finally is chosen, it results in an inadvertently offensive pre-recorded Video Daily Double involving Bill Cosby.
Instead of buzzing in with the correct questions, contestants either give horribly incorrect responses or say things that have nothing to do with the game, frustrating Trebek, who does nothing to hide his contempt for the celebrities' performance. Trebek's mood is also exacerbated by Connery's pranks and antics, which include making sexual jokes at Trebek's expense, deliberately misreading or vandalizing the categories on the board to turn them into sexually suggestive phrases (such as "Catch These Men", a category about people on the FBI's Most Wanted list, which he misreads as "Catch the Semen"), and implying that he has had sexual relations with the host's mother.
Trebek eventually grows exasperated with his inability to conduct the show and cuts it short by moving to Final Jeopardy!. He either discards the scripted category in favor of a much easier task (such as having the celebrities write and respond to their own clue), or announces a childishly simple category. Even though it appears impossible for the celebrities to fail, they invariably do. Connery occasionally provides a correct response, yet uses his wager to transform the text into a rude phrase. Sometimes Connery appears to have sympathy for Trebek until the wager reveal, which happens to be a rude drawing at Trebek's expense; on an earlier sketch, this is also performed by John Travolta, who in response to a clue asking the celebrities to name their favorite food, responds with "miso", an actual soup, yet when Trebek asks for the wager, reveals it to be "horny", which is read as "me so horny".
Trebek is the beleaguered straight man, and is generally the only person on stage interested in the game. The contestants, who are either unaware of what the game is or uninterested in playing, will ramble incoherently, deliver irrelevant monologues, or openly antagonize the host. Whenever a contestant takes the game seriously, he/she proves utterly incapable of supplying the correct question. No contestant ever offers a correct response; however, two come close: Phil Donahue and Tony Bennett, who in their respective sketches, offer descriptions for the holiday of Christmas and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. When Reynolds, who had initially been the celebrity who appeared on each episode, makes his return appearances, he misreads categories in the same manner as Connery and insists that he be addressed as "Turd Ferguson" because he finds that name funny.
At the end of almost every sketch, all three celebrities have scores in the negative thousands of dollars, and in most cases, a humorous, often sexual, Final Jeopardy! punchline is delivered by Connery. In one of his sketches, Reynolds is declared an unquestioned winner, even though he wins simply because he has the least amount of negative money, rather than actually earning a victory.[6] When Trebek ends the show, he either states that money will not be awarded to charity or announces his intention to resign or commit suicide.
Episodes[edit]
#
Original airdate
Episode
Celebrities impersonated
Notes
1 December 7, 1996 S22:E08 Sean Connery Burt Reynolds Jerry Lewis
2 May 10, 1997 S22:E19 Phil Donahue Marlon Brando
3 October 4, 1997 S23:E02 John Travolta Michael Keaton
4 May 9, 1998 S23:E22 Minnie Driver Jeff Goldblum Sean Connery
5 October 24, 1998 S24:E04 Tom Cruise Adam Sandler Sandler is the first SNL cast member to be parodied.
6 March 20, 1999 S24:E16 Nicolas Cage Calista Flockhart
7 October 23, 1999 S25:E03 French Stewart Burt Reynolds Only episode with the four people (Ferrell, Fallon, Macdonald, Hammond) who appeared more than once. Reynolds starts with the highest score on any of the sketches, $14. Macdonald, now hosting, reprising his role as Reynolds.
8 April 15, 2000 S25:E17 Keanu Reeves Hilary Swank Ricky Martin (Chris Kattan) appears in the Video Daily Double while Chad Lowe (Chris Parnell) appears in the audience.
9 December 16, 2000 S26:E08 Robin Williams Catherine Zeta-Jones
10 February 8, 2001 S26:Special Ozzy Osbourne Martha Stewart SNL Thursday Night Live prime-time special. Writing on the sketch originally began the week before it aired.[7]
11 September 29, 2001 S27:E01 Chris Tucker Anne Heche The real Alex Trebek shaved off his mustache starting with Jeopardy! episodes airing the previous week, but Ferrell's version of Trebek maintained the mustache.
12 May 18, 2002 S27:E20 Dave Matthews Björk Rock & Roll Edition; Connery had recorded an album of filthy limericks in order to be eligible. The real Trebek made a cameo appearance.[1] The last episode with Ferrell as a regular cast member.
13 May 14, 2005 S30:E19 Bill Cosby Sharon Osbourne Ferrell, now hosting, reprising his role as Trebek.
14 May 16, 2009 S34:E22 Kathie Lee Gifford Tom Hanks A fourth podium for Reynolds appears for only one round, then he and his podium mysteriously vanish while no one is paying attention, only to re-appear at the end of the sketch. Hanks appeared as himself. Hammond's last episode as a regular cast member.
15 February 15, 2015 40th Anniversary
Special Justin Bieber Tony Bennett Reynolds (who arrives by "driving" his podium), Christoph Waltz (Taran Killam) and Matthew McConaughey (Jim Carrey) appear in the middle of the sketch, replacing Bieber and Bennett, respectively. Trebek quickly ends the game without advancing to Final Jeopardy! after a Video Daily Double under Potent Potables features footage of Bill Cosby (Kenan Thompson) preparing a cocktail; in light of Cosby's sexual assault allegations, Trebek apologizes and clarifies that it was filmed in June.
Cast[edit]
SNL cast members[edit]
Will Ferrell plays Alex Trebek in the skits.
A typical Celebrity Jeopardy! sketch featured three cast members (two as contestants and Ferrell as Trebek) plus that week’s host as a third contestant. The thirteenth edition of the sketch (Cosby, Sharon Osbourne, Connery) featured three members of the SNL cast as the three contestants and Ferrell, now hosting, reprising his role as Trebek. The episode with Connery, Ozzy Osbourne, and Martha Stewart featured cast members in all four roles.
Dean Edwards as Chris Tucker
Jimmy Fallon as Adam Sandler, Nicolas Cage, French Stewart, Hilary Swank, Robin Williams and Dave Matthews
Will Ferrell as Alex Trebek
Ana Gasteyer as Martha Stewart
Darrell Hammond as Sean Connery, Phil Donahue and John Travolta
Taran Killam as Christoph Waltz
Norm Macdonald as Burt Reynolds
Kate McKinnon as Justin Bieber
Amy Poehler as Sharon Osbourne
Horatio Sanz as Ozzy Osbourne
Molly Shannon as Minnie Driver
Kenan Thompson as Bill Cosby
Kristen Wiig as Kathie Lee Gifford
SNL hosts[edit]
Thirteen of the fifteen sketches included the episode's host, usually as a contestant. The tenth sketch was one of two not to feature a host, as it was part of an SNL primetime special that did not feature a guest host. The 40th anniversary special also did not have a host. Both Ferrell and Macdonald were previous cast members who reprised their Celebrity Jeopardy! role upon their return.
Drew Barrymore as Calista Flockhart
David Duchovny as Jeff Goldblum
Will Ferrell as Alex Trebek
John Goodman as Marlon Brando
Lucy Liu as Catherine Zeta-Jones
Norm Macdonald as Burt Reynolds (who changed his name to Turd Ferguson in several sketches, claiming “it was a funny name”).
Tobey Maguire as Keanu Reeves
Matthew Perry as Michael Keaton
Winona Ryder as Björk
Martin Short as Jerry Lewis
Ben Stiller as Tom Cruise
Reese Witherspoon as Anne Heche
Jim Carrey as Matthew McConaughey
Alec Baldwin as Tony Bennett
Tom Hanks as Himself
Background[edit]
Norm Macdonald was inspired to create the first Celebrity Jeopardy! after noting how much easier the questions on the real-life Celebrity Jeopardy! were compared to regular episodes. A fan of the sketch series SCTV, Macdonald acknowledged that his concept would be substantially the same as "Half-Wits," a recurring sketch on SCTV in which Eugene Levy played a parody of Trebek, exasperated by the incredibly dumb contestants on the program. Macdonald called Levy and secured permission to co-opt the premise of the sketch.[8]
During the May 2007 special Saturday Night Live in the '90s: Pop Culture Nation, Macdonald said he created the Celebrity Jeopardy! sketch purely as an excuse to do his Burt Reynolds impersonation. He purposely chose to make Reynolds an anachronism, appearing on stage as if Reynolds was still the same age he was in 1972.[8] Macdonald also claims that Reynolds was a fan of the sketch and that there were talks to do a sketch where the real Reynolds would crash the game and punch out Macdonald. Reynolds would then play the remainder of the game, with his responses being even dumber than Macdonald's. However, Macdonald was fired from SNL before that sketch could be written.[9]
The host and contestants are played as caricatures of their real life personalities. Hammond said that, while his initial Connery impression was as accurate as possible, it would eventually morph into a "bastardization" of the actor, which audiences—and Hammond himself—found far more entertaining.[10] Though Trebek shaved his trademark mustache in 2001, Ferrell retained it as long as he played the character, even in the twelfth sketch—Ferrell's last episode as a cast member—when a clean-shaven real Trebek made a cameo at the end.
Critical reactions[edit]
Critical responses to the sketches have been positive. In 2008, Ferrell's portrayal of Trebek was #3 in IGN's "Top 15 Will Ferrell characters".[1]
Impact[edit]
Jeopardy! host Alex Trebek has mentioned his admiration for Will Ferrell's impression of him in interviews. Trebek also stated that during every taping of the show, he is asked by one of the audience members if he liked Ferrell's impression, and always replies that he does.[11] On several occasions, Celebrity Jeopardy! sketches have been referenced during actual Jeopardy! episodes:
In the May 19, 1999 Celebrity Jeopardy! episode, the Jeopardy! round featured the category "'S' Words", and the Double Jeopardy! round featured "Swords" in the same column (in the first sketch, wherein "'S' Words" is a category, Connery misreads it as "Swords").[12] During the September 5, 2001 episode, the Double Jeopardy! categories were "Sean Connery", "Surprise Me, Trebek!", "Therapists" (misread by Connery as "The Rapists"), "Things You Shouldn't Put in Your Mouth", "The Number After 2", and "Rhymes With 'Dog'".[3]
The June 27, 2006 show featured the category "Japan-U.S. Relations", which had been misread by Connery as "Jap Anus Relations".[13] In the November 8 and 16, 2006 Celebrity Jeopardy! episodes, categories included "Surprise Me, Trebek!" and "Answers That Start With 'Feb'", respectively (the latter of which is a reference to the category "Months That Start With 'Feb'" from the sketch).[4][5] Notably, Martin Short competed on the November 17th episode of that year, becoming the only person to compete on both the real and SNL versions of Celebrity Jeopardy! On the November 23, 2009 show, the categories in the Jeopardy! round were "SNL Celebrity Jeopardy!", "States That End In Hampshire", "What Color Is Green?", "Current Black Presidents", "Sounds That Kitties Make", and "Twinkle Twinkle Little Word That Rhymes With Star".[2]
A May 15, 2015 Celebrity Jeopardy! featured "The Pen is Mightier", a category about famous authors and their books (which was misread in a Celebrity Jeopardy! sketch as "The Penis Mightier"[14] by Connery, who thought it was a penis enlargement product); and on September 16, 2015, a contestant who did not know the actual answer jokingly guessed "The Love Ballad of Turd Ferguson" during Final Jeopardy![15]
Saturday Night Live continues to include Jeopardy! parodies; a recurring such parody introduced in season 39 is Black Jeopardy!, which reimagines the show as one targeted toward African-Americans. The same Jeopardy! set is used.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Phil Pirrello, Scott Collura (February 28, 2008). Top 15 Will Ferrell Characters. IGN.
^ Jump up to: a b "Show 5796 (Ben Davis vs. Cathy Sorge vs. Patrick Pence)". Jeopardy!. November 23, 2009. Syndicated.
^ Jump up to: a b "Show 3908 (Bernard Pena vs. Kim Taylor vs. Ramsey Campbell)". Jeopardy!. September 5, 2001. Syndicated.
^ Jump up to: a b "Show 5098 (Regis Philbin vs. Nancy Grace vs. Carson Kressley)". Jeopardy!. November 8, 2006. Syndicated.
^ Jump up to: a b "Show 5104 (Dana Delany vs. Brian Stokes Mitchell vs. Drew Lachey)". Jeopardy!. November 16, 2006. Syndicated.
Jump up ^ On the second Celebrity Jeopardy! sketch, from the SNL episode aired on May 10, 1997, Trebek declared Burt Reynolds the winner and announced that a $10,000 check would be awarded to Reynolds' charity, the Palm Beach Golf & Tennis Resort. Please see this transcript
Jump up ^ Levin, Gary (February 8, 2001). This week, 'SNL' will be twice as busy Writers could use some political help. USA Today. Accessed from June 1, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Izahi, Elade (September 7, 2018). "Burt Reynolds is part of the reason SNL's Celebrity Jeopardy! sketch exists". The Washington Post. Retrieved September 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Layser, Anthony (May 4, 2007). How Saturday Night Live Hit a High in the '90s. TV Guide.
Jump up ^ Tom Shales, James Andrew Miller. Live from New York: An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live. 2002.
Jump up ^ Zakarin, Jordan (May 21, 2012). "'Jeopardy!' Host Alex Trebek on Will Ferrell's 'SNL' Impression, Retirement and Another Dream Job". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Show 3398 (Michael McKean vs. Camryn Manheim vs. Richard Kind)". Jeopardy!. May 19, 1999. Syndicated.
Jump up ^ "Show 5032 (Mark Edelson vs. Ryan McMillen vs. Priya Bhatia Yerasi)". Jeopardy!. June 27, 2006. Syndicated.
Jump up ^ "'Penis Mightier' makes a comeback, this time on the real 'Celebrity Jeopardy!'". Mashable. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
Jump up ^ France, Lisa Respers (2015-09-17). "'Turd Ferguson' makes it to real 'Jeopardy'". CNN. Retrieved 2015-09-17.
External links[edit]
"Norm Macdonald Tweeted About The SNL Anniversary & You're Gonna Want To Read Every Word". Gothamist. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
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Baptism of Jesus
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the historical event. For other uses, see Baptism of Jesus (disambiguation).
The Baptism of Christ by Piero della Francesca, c. 1450
The baptism of Jesus depicted by Guido Reni, c. 1623
The baptism of Jesus is described in the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke. John's gospel does not directly describe Jesus' baptism.
Most modern theologians view the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist as a historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned.[1][2][3][4][5] Along with the crucifixion of Jesus, most biblical scholars view it as one of the two historically certain facts about him, and often use it as the starting point for the study of the historical Jesus.[6]
The baptism is one of the five major milestones in the gospel narrative of the life of Jesus, the others being the Transfiguration, Crucifixion, Resurrection, and Ascension.[7][8] Most Christian denominations view the baptism of Jesus as an important event and a basis for the Christian rite of baptism (see also Acts 19:1–7). In Eastern Christianity, Jesus' baptism is commemorated on 6 January (the Julian calendar date of which corresponds to 19 January on the Gregorian calendar), the feast of Epiphany.[9] In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Lutheran Churches and some other Western denominations, it is recalled on a day within the following week, the feast of the baptism of the Lord. In Roman Catholicism, the baptism of Jesus is one of the Luminous Mysteries sometimes added to the Rosary. It is a Trinitarian feast in the Eastern Orthodox Churches.
Contents
1 In the Synoptic Gospels
2 In the Gospel of John
3 In the Gospel of the Nazarenes
4 Location
5 Chronology
6 Historicity
7 Artistic depictions
8 Music
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
In the Synoptic Gospels[edit]
Mark, Matthew, and Luke depict the baptism in parallel passages. In all three gospels, the Holy spirit is depicted as descending upon Jesus immediately after his baptism accompanied by a voice from Heaven, but the accounts of Luke and Mark record the voice as addressing Jesus by saying "You are my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased", while in Matthew the voice addresses the crowd "This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased" (Matthew 3:13–17; Mark 1:9–11; Luke 3:21–23).[10][11][12]
After the baptism, the Synoptic gospels describe the temptation of Jesus, where Jesus withdrew to the Judean desert to fast for forty days and nights.
Matthew
In Matthew 3:14, upon meeting Jesus, John said: "I have need to be baptized of thee, and comest thou to me?" However, Jesus convinces John to baptize him nonetheless.[12] Matthew uniquely records that the voice from heaven addresses the crowd, rather than addressing Jesus himself as in Mark and Luke.
Mark
Mark's account is roughly parallel to that of Matthew, except for Matthew 3:14-15 describing John's initial reluctance and eventual consent to baptize Jesus, which is not described by Mark.
Luke
See also: Nativity of St. John the Baptist
Luke 1 begins with the birth of John the Baptist, heralded to his father Zacharias by the angel Gabriel. Six months later Gabriel appears to the Virgin Mary with an announcement of the birth of Jesus, at the Annunciation. At the same, Gabriel also announces to Mary the coming birth of John the Baptist, to her kinswoman Elizabeth, who is the wife of Zacharias. Mary immediately sets out to visit her kinswoman Elizabeth, and stays with her until John's birth. Luke strongly contrasts the reactions of Zacharias and Mary to these two respective births; and the lives of John and Jesus are intertwined.
Luke uniquely depicts John as showing public kindness to tax collectors and encouraging the giving of alms to the poor (as in Luke 3:11). Luke records that Jesus was praying when Heaven was opened and the Holy Spirit descended on him. Luke clarifies that the spirit descended in the "bodily form" of a dove, as opposed to merely "descending like" a dove. In Acts 10:37–38, the ministry of Jesus is described as following "the baptism which John preached".[13]
In the Gospel of John[edit]
Jesus (left) is being identified by John the Baptist in John 1:29.[14] by Vannini, 17th century.
In John 1:29–33 rather than a direct narrative, John the Baptist bears witness to the spirit descending like a dove.[10][15]
The Gospel of John (John 1:28) specifies "Bethabara beyond Jordan", i.e., Bethany in Perea as the location where John was baptizing when Jesus began choosing disciples, and in John 3:23 there is mention of further baptisms in Ænon "because there was much water there".[16][17]
John 1:35–37 narrates an encounter, between Jesus and two of his future disciples, who were then disciples of John the Baptist.[18][19] The episode in John 1:35–37 forms the start of the relationship between Jesus and his future disciples. When John the Baptist called Jesus the Lamb of God, the "two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus".[13][20][21] One of the disciples is named Andrew, but the other remains unnamed, and Raymond E. Brown raises the question of his being the author of the Gospel of John himself.[15][22] In the Gospel of John, the disciples follow Jesus thereafter, and bring other disciples to him, and Acts 18:24–19:6 portrays the disciples of John as eventually merging with the followers of Jesus.[15][18]
In the Gospel of the Nazarenes[edit]
According to the non-canonical Gospel of the Nazarenes, the idea of being baptized by John came from the mother and brothers of Jesus, and Jesus himself, originally opposed, reluctantly accepted it.[23] Benjamin Urrutia avers that this version is supported by the Criterion of Embarrassment, since followers of Jesus would not have invented an episode in which Jesus changes his mind and comes to accept someone else's plan. Plus, the story came from the community that included the family of Jesus, who would have guaranteed the authenticity of the narrative.[24]
Location[edit]
See also: Ministry of Jesus and New Testament places associated with Jesus
Part of the ancient Madaba Map showing Bethabara east of the Jordan River
Al-Maghtas ruins on the Jordanian side of the Jordan River are the location for the Baptism of Jesus and the ministry of John the Baptist.
The Gospel of John (John 3:23) refers to Enon near Salim as one place where John the Baptist baptized people, "because there was much water there".[16][17] Separately, John 1:28 states that John the Baptist was baptizing in "Bethany beyond the Jordan".[16] This is not the village Bethany just east of Jerusalem, but is generally considered to be the town Bethany, also called Bethabara in Perea on the Eastern bank of the Jordan near Jericho.[17] In the 3rd century Origen, who moved to the area from Alexandria, suggested Bethabara as the location.[25] In the 4th century, Eusebius of Caesarea stated that the location was on the west bank of the Jordan, and following him, the early Byzantine Madaba Map shows Bethabara as (Βέθαβαρά).[25]
The biblical baptising is related to springs and a Wadi (al-Kharrar) close to the Eastern site of the Jordan River,[26] not the Jordan itself.[27] The pilgrimage sites, important for both Christians and Jews have shifted place during history. The site of Al-Maghtas (baptism, or immersion in Arabic) on the East side of the River in Jordan has been deemed the earliest place of worship. This site was found following UNESCO-sponsored excavations.[28] Al-Maghtas was visited by Pope John Paul II in March 2000, and he said: "In my mind I see Jesus coming to the waters of the river Jordan not far from here to be baptized by John the Baptist".[29] The Muslim conquest put an end to the Byzantine buildings on the east bank of the Jordan River, the later reverence took place just across the river in the West Bank at Qasr el Yahud.[30]
Chronology[edit]
Main article: Chronology of Jesus
The baptism of Jesus is generally considered as the start of his ministry, shortly after the start of the ministry of John the Baptist.[31][32][33] Luke 3:1–2 states that:[34][35]
In the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar—when Pontius Pilate was governor of Judea ... , the word of God came to John son of Zechariah in the wilderness.
There are two approaches to determining when the reign of Tiberius Caesar started.[36] The traditional approach is that of assuming that the reign of Tiberius started when he became co-regent in 11 AD, placing the start of the ministry of John the Baptist around 26 AD. However, some scholars assume it to be upon the death of his predecessor Augustus Caesar in 14 AD, implying that the ministry of John the Baptist began in 29 AD.[36]
The generally assumed dates for the start of the ministry of John the Baptist based on this reference in the Gospel of Luke are about 28–29 AD, with the ministry of Jesus with his baptism following it shortly thereafter.[34][35][37][38][39]
Historicity[edit]
Stained glass window of Jesus' baptism by Tiffany.
Most modern scholars believe that John the Baptist performed a baptism on Jesus, and view it as a historical event to which a high degree of certainty can be assigned.[1][2][3][4] James Dunn states that the historicity of the baptism and crucifixion of Jesus "command almost universal assent".[6] Dunn states that these two facts "rank so high on the 'almost impossible to doubt or deny' scale of historical facts" that they are often the starting points for the study of the historical Jesus.[6] John Dominic Crossan states that it is historically certain that Jesus was baptised by John in the Jordan.[5]
In the Antiquities of the Jews (18.5.2) 1st-century historian Flavius Josephus also wrote about John the Baptist and his eventual death in Perea.[40][41]
The existence of John the Baptist within the same time frame as Jesus, and his eventual execution by Herod Antipas is attested to by 1st-century historian Flavius Josephus and the overwhelming majority of modern scholars view Josephus' accounts of the activities of John the Baptist as authentic.[42][43] Josephus establishes a key connection between the historical events he recorded and specific episodes that appear in the gospels.[42] The reference in the Antiquities of the Jews by Josephus to John's popularity among the crowds (Ant 18.5.2) and how he preached his baptism is considered a reliable historical datum.[44][45] Unlike the gospels, Josephus does not relate John and Jesus, and does not state that John's baptisms were for the remission of sins.[44][45][46] However, almost all modern scholars consider the Josephus passage on John to be authentic in its entirety and view the variations between Josephus and the gospels as indications that the Josephus passages are authentic, for a Christian interpolator would have made them correspond to the Christian traditions.[47][48]
One of the arguments in favour of the historicity of the baptism of Jesus by John is that it is a story which the early Christian Church would have never wanted to invent, typically referred to as the criterion of embarrassment in historical analysis.[4][5][49] Based on this criterion, given that John baptised for the remission of sins, and Jesus was viewed as without sin, the invention of this story would have served no purpose, and would have been an embarrassment given that it positioned John above Jesus.[4][49][50] The Gospel of Matthew attempts to offset this problem by having John feel unworthy to baptise Jesus and Jesus giving him permission to do so in Matthew 3:14–15.[51]
The gospels are not the only references to the baptisms performed by John and in Acts 10:37–38, the apostle Peter refers to how the ministry of Jesus followed "the baptism which John preached".[52] Another argument used in favour of the historicity of the baptism is that multiple accounts refer to it, usually called the criterion of multiple attestation.[51] Technically, multiple attestation does not guarantee authenticity, but only determines antiquity.[53] However, for most scholars, together with the criterion of embarrassment it lends credibility to the baptism of Jesus by John being a historical event.[51][54][55][56]
Artistic depictions[edit]
While the gospel of Luke is explicit about the Spirit of God descending in the shape of a dove, the wording of Matthew is vague enough that it could be interpreted only to suggest that the descent was in the style of a dove. Although a variety of symbolisms were attached to doves at the time these passages were written, the dove imagery has become a well known symbol for the Holy Spirit in Christian art.[57][58] Depictions of the baptismal scene typical show the sky opening and the Holy Spirit descending as a dove towards Jesus.[59]
Arian Baptistry, Ravenna, 6th-century mosaic
Miniature from the Psalter of Eleanor of Aquitaine (ca. 1185)
Andrea Mantegna
Juan Navarrete, 1567
Chinese porcelain, Qing dynasty, early 18th century
Eastern Orthodox icon
Gerard David – Triptych of Jan Des Trompes, c. 1505
Gregorio Fernández, c. 1630
Grigory Gagarin, c. 1840–1850
Music[edit]
The reformer Martin Luther wrote a hymn about baptism, based on biblical accounts about the baptism of Jesus, "Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam" (1541). It is the basis for a cantata by Johann Sebastian Bach, Christ unser Herr zum Jordan kam, BWV 7, first performed on 24 June 1724.
See also[edit]
Events in the
Life of Jesus
according to the Gospels
Early life[show]
Annunciation
Visitation
Nativity
Virgin birth
Adoration of the Shepherds
Circumcision
Presentation
Adoration of the Magi
Flight into Egypt
Massacre of the Innocents
Return to Nazareth
Finding in the Temple
Ministry[show]
Baptism
Temptation
Commissioning the Twelve
Sermon on the Mount / Plain
Beatitudes
Lord's Prayer
Miracles
Parables
Rejection
Transfiguration
Passion[show]
Triumphal entry into Jerusalem
Temple cleansing
Second coming prophecy
Anointing
Last Supper
Farewell Discourse
Paraclete promised
Agony in the Garden
Kiss of Judas
Arrest
Sanhedrin trial
Mocking
Herod's court
Pilate's court
Flagellation
Crown of Thorns
Via Dolorosa
Crucifixion
Descent from the Cross
Entombment
Harrowing of Hell
Resurrection[show]
Empty tomb
Appearances
Noli me tangere
Road to Emmaus
Great Commission
Ascension
In rest of the NT[show]
Road to Damascus
John's vision
Portals: Christianity Bible
Book:Life of Jesus
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Chronology of Jesus
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New Testament places associated with Jesus
Qasr el Yahud
Transfiguration of Jesus
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b The Gospel of Matthew by Daniel J. Harrington 1991 ISBN 0-8146-5803-2 p. 63
^ Jump up to: a b Christianity: A Biblical, Historical, and Theological Guide by Glenn Jonas, Kathryn Muller Lopez 2010, pp. 95–96
^ Jump up to: a b Studying the Historical Jesus: Evaluations of the State of Current Research by Bruce Chilton, Craig A. Evans 1998 ISBN 90-04-11142-5 pp. 187–98
^ Jump up to: a b c d Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee by Mark Allan Powell 1998 ISBN 0-664-25703-8 p. 47
^ Jump up to: a b c Who Is Jesus? by John Dominic Crossan, Richard G. Watts 1999 ISBN 0-664-25842-5 pp. 31–32
^ Jump up to: a b c Jesus Remembered by James D. G. Dunn 2003 ISBN 0-8028-3931-2 p. 339
Jump up ^ Essays in New Testament Interpretation by Charles Francis Digby Moule 1982 ISBN 0-521-23783-1 p. 63
Jump up ^ The Melody of Faith: Theology in an Orthodox Key by Vigen Guroian 2010 ISBN 0-8028-6496-1 p. 28
Jump up ^ Богоявление и Рождество Христово
^ Jump up to: a b Jesus of History, Christ of Faith by Thomas Zanzig 2000 ISBN 0-88489-530-0 p. 118
Jump up ^ Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible by James D. G. Dunn, John William Rogerson 2003 ISBN 0-8028-3711-5 p. 1010
^ Jump up to: a b The Synoptics: Matthew, Mark, Luke by Ján Majerník, Joseph Ponessa, Laurie Watson Manhardt 2005 ISBN 1-931018-31-6 pp. 27–31
^ Jump up to: a b Jesus of Nazareth by Duane S. Crowther 1999 ISBN 0-88290-656-9 p. 77
Jump up ^ The Lamb of God by Sergei Bulgakov 2008 ISBN 0-8028-2779-9 p. 263
^ Jump up to: a b c The Gospel and Epistles of John: A Concise Commentary by Raymond Edward Brown 1988 ISBN 978-0-8146-1283-5 pp. 25–27
^ Jump up to: a b c Big Picture of the Bible – New Testament by Lorna Daniels Nichols 2009 ISBN 1-57921-928-4 p. 12
^ Jump up to: a b c John by Gerard Stephen Sloyan 1987 ISBN 0-8042-3125-7 p. 11
^ Jump up to: a b Boring, M. Eugene; Fred B. Craddock (2010). The People's New Testament Commentary. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 292–93. ISBN 0-664-23592-1. Retrieved July 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ New Testament History by Richard L. Niswonger 1992 ISBN 0-310-31201-9 pp. 143–46
Jump up ^ The Life and Ministry of Jesus: The Gospels by Douglas Redford 2007 ISBN 0-7847-1900-4 p. 92
Jump up ^ A Summary of Christian History by Robert A. Baker, John M. Landers 2005 ISBN 0-8054-3288-4 pp. 6–7
Jump up ^ The Disciple Whom Jesus Loved by J. Phillips 2004 ISBN 0-9702687-1-8 pp. 121–23
Jump up ^ Jerome, quoting "The Gospel According to the Hebrews" in Dialogue Against Pelagius III:2
Jump up ^ Guy Davenport and Benjamin Urrutia, The Logia of Yeshua / The Sayings of Jesus (1996), ISBN 1-887178-70-8 p. 51.
^ Jump up to: a b Jesus and Archaeology by James H. Charlesworth 2006, Eedrsmans ISBN 0-8028-4880-X pp. 437–39
Jump up ^ The Synoptics by Jan Majernik, Joseph Ponessa and Laurie Manhardt 2005 ISBN 1-931018-31-6 p. 29
Jump up ^ "Wo Johannes taufte". ZEIT ONLINE. Rosemarie Noack. 22 December 1999. Retrieved 2015-12-09.
Jump up ^ Staff writers (28 July 2011). "Israel will reopen (Israeli) site of the baptism of Jesus". AsiaNews.it. Retrieved 2011-07-31.
Jump up ^ Vatican website: Address of John Paul II at Al-Maghtas Archived 16 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "No evidence, but UN says Jesus baptized on Jordan's side of river, not Israel's". Times of Israel. 13 July 2015. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Jesus and the Gospels: An Introduction and Survey by Craig L. Blomberg 2009 ISBN 0-8054-4482-3 pp. 224–29
Jump up ^ Christianity: An Introduction by Alister E. McGrath 2006 ISBN 978-1-4051-0901-7pp. 16–22
Jump up ^ The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 ISBN 978-0-8054-4365-3 po. 140–41
^ Jump up to: a b Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 2000 Amsterdam University Press ISBN 90-5356-503-5 p. 249
^ Jump up to: a b The Bible Knowledge Background Commentary: Matthew-Luke, Volume 1 by Craig A. Evans 2003 ISBN 0-7814-3868-3 pp. 67–69
^ Jump up to: a b Luke 1–5: New Testament Commentary by John MacArthur 2009 ISBN 0-8024-0871-0 p. 201
Jump up ^ The Cradle, the Cross, and the Crown: An Introduction to the New Testament by Andreas J. Köstenberger, L. Scott Kellum 2009 ISBN 978-0-8054-4365-3 p. 114
Jump up ^ Christianity and the Roman Empire: Background Texts by Ralph Martin Novak 2001 ISBN 1-56338-347-0 pp. 302–03
Jump up ^ Hoehner, Harold W (1978). Chronological Aspects of the Life of Christ. Zondervan. pp. 29–37. ISBN 0-310-26211-9.
Jump up ^ Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 2000 ISBN 90-5356-503-5 p. 583
Jump up ^ Behold the Man: The Real Life of the Historical Jesus by Kirk Kimball 2002 ISBN 978-1-58112-633-4 p. 654
^ Jump up to: a b Craig Evans, 2006 "Josephus on John the Baptist" in The Historical Jesus in Context edited by Amy-Jill Levine et al. Princeton Univ Press ISBN 978-0-691-00992-6 pp. 55–58
Jump up ^ The New Complete Works of Josephus by Flavius Josephus, William Whiston, Paul L. Maier ISBN 0-8254-2924-2 pp. 662–63
^ Jump up to: a b John the Baptist: Prophet of Purity for a New Age by Catherine M. Murphy 2003 ISBN 0-8146-5933-0 p. 53
^ Jump up to: a b Jesus & the Rise of Early Christianity: A History of New Testament Times by Paul Barnett 2009 ISBN 0-8308-2699-8 p. 122
Jump up ^ Claudia Setzer, "Jewish Responses to Believers in Jesus", in Amy-Jill Levine, Marc Z. Brettler (editors), The Jewish Annotated New Testament, p. 576 (New Revised Standard Version, Oxford University Press, 2011). ISBN 978-0-19-529770-6
Jump up ^ Evans, Craig A. (2006). "Josephus on John the Baptist". In Levine, Amy-Jill. The Historical Jesus in Context. Princeton Univ Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00992-6. pp. 55–58
Jump up ^ Eddy, Paul; Boyd, Gregory (2007). The Jesus Legend: A Case for the Historical Reliability of the Synoptic Jesus Tradition. ISBN 0-8010-3114-1. p. 130
^ Jump up to: a b Jesus of Nazareth: An Independent Historian's Account of His Life and Teaching by Maurice Casey 2010 ISBN 0-567-64517-7 p. 35
Jump up ^ The Historical Jesus: a Comprehensive Guide by Gerd Theissen, Annette Merz 1998 ISBN 0-8006-3122-6 p. 207
^ Jump up to: a b c John the Baptist: Prophet of Purity for a New Age by Catherine M. Murphy 2003 ISBN 0-8146-5933-0 pp. 29–30
Jump up ^ Who is Jesus?: An Introduction to Christology by Thomas P. Rausch 2003 ISBN 978-0-8146-5078-3 p. 77
Jump up ^ Jesus and His Contemporaries: Comparative Studies by Craig A. Evans 2001 ISBN 0-391-04118-5 p. 15
Jump up ^ An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of Christianity by Delbert Royce Burkett 2002 ISBN 0-521-00720-8 pp. 247–48
Jump up ^ Who is Jesus? by Thomas P. Rausch 2003 ISBN 978-0-8146-5078-3 p. 36
Jump up ^ The Relationship between John the Baptist and Jesus of Nazareth: A Critical Study by Daniel S. Dapaah 2005 ISBN 0-7618-3109-6 p. 91
Jump up ^ Clarke, Howard W. The Gospel of Matthew and its Readers: A Historical Introduction to the First Gospel. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003.
Jump up ^ Albright, W.F. and C.S. Mann. "Matthew". The Anchor Bible Series. New York: Doubleday & Company, 1971.
Jump up ^ Medieval Art: A Topical Dictionary by Leslie Ross 1996 ISBN 978-0-313-29329-0 p. 30
Baptism of Jesus
Life of Jesus: Ministry
Preceded by
Ministry of John the Baptist,
further preceded by
Boy Jesus at Jerusalem New Testament
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Baptism of Jesus – Catholic Encyclopedia
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Sit Still, Look Pretty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the Daya single. For the album the song is the title track of, see Sit Still, Look Pretty (album).
"Sit Still, Look Pretty"
Single by Daya
from the album Daya and Sit Still, Look Pretty
Released
March 29, 2016
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2015
Length
3:20
Label
Artbeatz
Z
RED
Songwriter(s)
Gino Barletta
Mike Campbell
Britten Newbill
Producer(s)
Scott Bruzenak
Barletta
Daya singles chronology
"Don't Let Me Down"
(2016) "Sit Still, Look Pretty"
(2016) "Words"
(2016)
"Don't Let Me Down"
(2016) "Sit Still, Look Pretty"
(2016) "Words"
(2016)
Music video
"Sit Still, Look Pretty" on YouTube
"Sit Still, Look Pretty" is a song by American singer Daya. It was released on March 29, 2016, as the second single from her debut extended play (EP), Daya (2015) and her debut studio album of the same name (2016).[1] It is the follow-up to her Billboard Hot 100 top 40 hit "Hide Away". The song was written by Gino Barletta, Mike Campbell and Britten Newbill. Lyrically, the song includes themes of female empowerment.
"Sit Still, Look Pretty" debuted at number 100 on the Billboard Hot 100, and has since peaked at number 28. The single has also charted in Canada, Slovakia, and Czech Republic. A lyric video for the song was released on March 6, 2016.[2] The music video for the song was released on MTV on September 9, 2016.[3] The song was nominated for an Ardy at the 2017 Radio Disney Music Awards for Best Song of the Year.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Critical reception
3 Music video
4 Charts
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
5 Certifications
6 Release history
7 References
Background[edit]
In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Daya stated "It's about being a girl that goes after her own dreams and really fights for what she wants, and not letting anyone get in the way of that. It's important for young girls to know that they don't have to act a certain way or depend on someone for happiness. They can find all of that within themselves."[4] Daya also said in an interview with Idolator "I think it's just about not being an accessory for someone else. Just having your own dreams and goals. Going after them and not having to always try to please someone."[5]
Critical reception[edit]
Dana Getz of Entertainment Weekly said it "relegates (sic) [good boys] to the sidelines" and further labeled it a "bouncy, eff–you jaunt".[4] Idolator's Mike Wass called the chorus "empowering" and stated "[Sit Still, Look Pretty] picks up where 'Hide Away' left off — in that it's a little rebellious and a lot relatable."[5] Billboard ranked "Sit Still, Look Pretty" at number 47 on their "100 Best Pop Songs of 2016" list.[6]
Music video[edit]
A music video for the song was released on September 9, 2016.[3]
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2016)
Peak
position
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[7]
64
Canada CHR/Top 40 (Billboard)[8]
29
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[9]
53
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[10]
58
US Billboard Hot 100[11]
28
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[12]
20
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[13]
15
US Dance/Mix Show Airplay (Billboard)[14]
31
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[15]
8
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2016)
Position
US Billboard Hot 100[16]
78
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[17]
32
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United States (RIAA)[18]
Platinum 1,000,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
United States
September 4, 2015 Digital download
Artbeatz
Z
RED
[19]
March 29, 2016 Top 40 radio [1]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Mainstream Top 40 Future Releases - AllAccess". AllAccess Media Group. March 29, 2016. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Daya - Sit Still, Look Pretty (Lyric Video) - YouTube". YouTube. March 6, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Daya - Sit Still, Look Pretty - YouTube". YouTube. September 9, 2016. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Getz, Dana (March 29, 2016). "Daya Previews New Single, 'Sit Still, Look Pretty' - EW.com". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Wass, Mike (February 3, 2016). "Daya Drops 'Sit Still, Look Pretty' Lyric Video, Announces Chainsmokers Collaboration 'Don't Let Me Down' - Idolator". Idolator. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Billboard's 100 Best Pop Songs of 2016: Critics' Picks". Billboard. December 12, 2016. Retrieved December 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Daya – Chart history" Canadian Hot 100 for Daya. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Daya – Chart history" Billboard Canada CHR/Top 40 for Daya. Retrieved September 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201628 into search. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201616 into search. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Daya – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Daya. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Daya – Chart history" Billboard Adult Contemporary for Daya. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Daya – Chart history" Billboard Adult Pop Songs for Daya. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Daya – Chart history" Billboard Dance/Mix Show Airplay for Daya. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Daya – Chart history" Billboard Pop Songs for Daya. Retrieved October 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Songs - Year-End 2016". Billboard. Billboard. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pop Songs - Year-End 2016". Billboard. Billboard. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Daya – Sit Still, Look Pretty". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "iTunes Store (US) - Music - Daya - Daya - EP". iTunes Store (US). September 4, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
[hide]
v
t
e
Daya
Discography
Studio albums
Sit Still, Look Pretty
Extended plays
Daya
Singles
"Hide Away"
"Sit Still, Look Pretty"
"Words"
Featured singles
"Don't Let Me Down"
"Feel Good"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sit_Still,_Look_Pretty&oldid=804773645"
Categories:
2015 songs
2016 singles
Daya songs
Songs with feminist themes
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Singlechart usages for Billboardcanadachrtop40
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Singlechart usages for Billboardadultpopsongs
Singlechart usages for Billboarddanceairplay
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This page was last edited on 11 October 2017, at 01:56.
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