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List of My Hero Academia episodes
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My Hero Academia is a Japanese superhero manga series written and illustrated by Kōhei Horikoshi. It has been serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump since July 2014,[1] and 12 volumes have been collected in tankōbon format. The series has been licensed for English-language release by Viz Media, and began serialization in their weekly digital manga anthology Weekly Shonen Jump on February 9, 2015.[2] The story follows Izuku Midoriya, a boy born without superpowers in a world where they are the norm, but who still dreams of becoming a superhero himself, and is scouted by the world's greatest hero who shares his powers with Izuku after recognizing his value and enrolls him in a high school for heroes in training.
The manga was adapted into an anime television series produced by Bones.
The first season aired from April 3 to June 26, 2016,[3] on MBS and other Japan News Network stations in 'Nichigo' timeslot at 5pm on Sundays in Japan. The opening theme is "The Day", performed by Porno Graffitti and the ending theme is "Heroes", performed by Brian the Sun.
The second season aired from April 1 to September 30, 2017 on NTV and YTV, with the staff and cast from the first season returning to reprise their roles.[4] The second season's first opening theme is "Peace Sign" (ピースサイン) performed by Kenshi Yonezu and the first ending theme is "Dakara, Hitori ja nai" (だから、ひとりじゃない, lit. Therefore, I am not Alone), performed by Little Glee Monster.[5] The second opening theme is "Sora ni Utaeba" (空に歌えば, lit. If I Sing to the Sky) performed by amazarashi[6] and the ending theme is "Datte Atashi no Hero" (だってアタシのヒーロー, lit. Still My Hero) by LiSA.[7]
The third season premiered on April 7, 2018.[8][9] The third season's first opening theme is "Odd Future" by Uverworld and the first ending theme is "Update" (アップデート) by miwa.[10] The third season's second opening theme is "Make my Story" by Lenny Code Fiction and the second ending theme is "Long Hope Philia" (ロングホープ・フィリア) by Masaki Suda.[11]
Adult Swim's Toonami block premiered the series on May 5, 2018.[12]
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
2 Episode list
2.1 Season 1 (2016)
2.2 Season 2 (2017)
2.3 Season 3 (2018)
3 OVA
4 Film
5 Notes
6 References
7 See also
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 13 April 3, 2016 (2016-04-03) June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)
2 25 April 1, 2017 (2017-04-01) September 30, 2017 (2017-09-30)
3 25[13] April 7, 2018 (2018-04-07) TBA
Episode list[edit]
Season 1 (2016)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
English air date
1
1 "Izuku Midoriya: Origin"
"Midoriya Izuku: Orijin" (緑谷出久：オリジン) April 3, 2016 May 5, 2018
In a world where most of the population is gifted with special powers known as "Quirks", Izuku Midoriya is a young boy who always dreamed of becoming a hero, despite not having a Quirk himself, until one day he is attacked by a villain and is rescued by none other than All Might, the most famous hero ever and his idol since childhood.
2
2 "What It Takes to Be a Hero"
"Hīrō no Jōken" (ヒーローの条件) April 10, 2016 May 12, 2018
Izuku discovers that All Might's true form is that of a frail, emaciated man, who suffered a massive injury years ago. All Might tells Izuku that he should give up on being a hero and focus on a more realistic dream. Disheartened, Izuku makes his way home, only to see his classmate and bully Katsuki Bakugō attacked by a villain. With no heroes around able to fight the villain, Izuku, without any thought given, rushes in.
3
3 "Roaring Muscles"
"Unare kin'niku" (うなれ筋肉) April 17, 2016 May 19, 2018
All Might tells Izuku of his quirk, "One For All", a special quirk that transfers its strength from person to person. While All Might believes Izuku to be worthy of his quirk, bestowing it to him right away would ruin his untrained body. All Might then designs a ten-month training regimen to ensure that Izuku can become a vessel that can carry it.
4
4 "Start Line"
"Sutaatorain" (スタートライン) April 24, 2016 June 2, 2018
After receiving All Might's Quirk, the time has come for Izuku to attend the exams for the prestigious U.A. High School for heroes in training. During the practical exam, Izuku gets himself in a pinch and is about to fail until one of his fellow examinees finds herself in serious danger and he runs to her rescue.
5
5 "What I Can Do For Now"
"Ima Boku ni Dekiru Koto wo" (今 僕に出来ることを) May 1, 2016 June 9, 2018
It's Izuku's first day as a student of U.A. High School. However, his homeroom teacher Shōta Aizawa decides to hold a physical test to evaluate how the students use their Quirks. Mr. Aizawa threatens the worst ranked student with expulsion, and Izuku finds himself in another predicament as he still has not learned to control his Quirk properly.
6
6 "Rage, You Damned Nerd"
"Takere Kusonādo" (猛れクソナード) May 8, 2016 June 16, 2018
Now donning their own hero costumes, the students are assigned to a mock battle between teams of two to test their combat abilities. Izuku is paired with Ochako Uraraka, the girl he helped during the entrance exams who also becomes his friend much to his joy. However, also to his dismay, one of his opponents is Bakugō, who always mocked him for his quirklessness, and is now furious at him.
7
7 "Deku vs. Kacchan"
"Deku bāsasu Kacchan" (デクvsかっちゃん) May 15, 2016 June 23, 2018
The mock battle continues with Izuku barely holding against Bakugō's devastating attacks, leaving Ochako to face the other opponent Tenya Iida by herself. As the time limit approaches, Izuku seems to have no option but to use his Quirk against Bakugō in an attempt to defeat him, until he comes up with a better idea.
8
8 "Bakugo's Start Line"
"Sutāto Rain, Bakugō no." (スタートライン、爆豪の。) May 22, 2016 June 30, 2018
After losing against Izuku in the mock battle, Bakugō watches the rest of his classmates in action and realizes that he still has a long way to stand above his peers. After recovering from his injuries, Izuku attempts to cheer him up, to the point of sharing with him parts of his secret. Meanwhile, news that All Might is teaching at U.A. are received by some individuals with contempt.
9
9 "Yeah, Just Do Your Best, Iida!"
"Ii zo Ganbare Īda-kun!" (いいぞガンバレ飯田くん！) May 29, 2016 July 7, 2018
Izuku is chosen as the class president, much to his surprise, but he ends up relinquishing the position to Iida when he and his friends find him more suitable for the position. The students are then assigned to another field exercise, but before it begins, a horde of villains suddenly appear before them.
10
10 "Encounter with the Unknown"
"Michi to no Sōgū" (未知との遭遇) June 5, 2016 July 14, 2018
The villains use their powers to scatter and ambush the students in order to attract All Might for a trap. Izuku ends up stranded and surrounded on a boat along with his classmates Tsuyu Asui and Minoru Mineta, but after learning more about their powers, he comes up with a plan to turn the tides. Elsewhere, Iida is chosen by the others to break through the enemy trap and call for help.
11
11 "Game Over"
"Gēmu Ōbā" (ゲームオーバー) June 12, 2016 July 21, 2018
The students fight for their lives against the Villains while Iida manages to escape with his friends' help. Once it's clear that Iida will warn the other teachers who will come to stop them, the Villains' leader Tomura Shigaraki decides to kill Izuku and his friends just to hurt All Might's pride before they leave, when All Might himself appears.
12
12 "All Might"
"Ōrumaito" (オールマイト) June 19, 2016 July 28, 2018
Shigaraki unleashes his secret weapon, the multi-quirk monster called "Nomu" against All Might, who finds himself in a pinch, until Izuku and some other students arrive to assist him, but All Might has little time left before he runs out of power to defeat the creature in order to protect the school.
13
13 "In Each of our Hearts"
"Onoono no Mune ni" (各々の胸に) June 26, 2016 —
Although he was able to defeat the Nomu, All Might has no energy left and is defenseless against Shigaraki, but Izuku manages to stall the enemy long enough for the other teachers to arrive and force him to retreat. As the leftover Villains are captured and the students are rescued, All Might thanks Izuku for saving his life, but elsewhere, Shigaraki confers with his master, implying that their feud against the Heroes is just beginning.
Season 2 (2017)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
13.5
0 "Hero Notebook"
"Hīrō Nōto" (ヒーローノート) March 25, 2017
A recap of the first season.
Note: The episode earned a 3.3% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[14]
14
1 "That's the Idea, Ochaco"
"Sou iu Koto ne Ochako-san" (そういうことね お茶子さん) April 1, 2017
Still recovering from the previous incident, the school is about to hold the Sports Festival, which will serve as an opportunity for the students to show off their Quirks for professional heroes looking for sidekicks. In the occasion, All Might confesses to Izuku that his powers are diminishing, and that the festival is an opportunity for Izuku to show his true value to the world.
Note: The episode earned a 3.4% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[15]
15
2 "Roaring Sports Festival"
"Unare Taiikusai" (うなれ体育祭) April 8, 2017
Todoroki expresses to Izuku that he will defeat him and show his true power. As the Sports Festival begins, the students from the four branches of the school - Hero, General Studies, Business and Support Courses - participate in an obstacle-course race.
Note: The episode earned a 3.5% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[16]
16
3 "In Their Own Quirky Ways"
"Minna Koseiteki de ii ne" (みんな個性的でいいね) April 15, 2017
During the obstacle race, Todoroki effortlessly passes each obstacle with Bakugo in hot pursuit. At the last obstacle, Izuku uses his wits to pass through both and win the race. However, his victory is short-lived when he learns that by being first place, he is the top target for the next round.
17
4 "Strategy, Strategy, Strategy"
"Saku Saku Saku" (策策策) April 22, 2017
In the next round, the Cavalry Battle, Izuku teams up with Ochako, Tokoyami and Support Course student Mei. Being the team with most points, they barely evade the advances from the other teams from their class, while the students from Class B take advantage of it to claim points for themselves.
18
5 "Cavalry Battle Finale"
"Kibasen Kecchaku" (騎馬戦決着) April 29, 2017
As the end of the Cavalry Battle approaches, Izuku's team have a heated confrontation with the team led by Todoroki and despite losing the first place to them, they earn a place in the next round by working together.
19
6 "The Boy Born with Everything"
"Subete o Motte Umareta Otokonoko" (全てを持って生まれた男の子) May 6, 2017
The 16 remaining students advance to the final stage, with battles one on one to decide the winner. Before the fights begin, Todoroki has a private talk with Izuku, revealing the reasons for his hatred toward his father, the world's second-best hero Endeavor.
Note: The episode earned a 3.5% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[17]
20
7 "Victory or Defeat"
"Kachimake" (勝ち負け) May 13, 2017
In the first round, Izuku is struck by Hitoshi Shinso's brainwashing ability, but breaks free in the last moment and obtains victory, while Todoroki displays his overwhelming power and easily wins his match against Hanta Sero, becoming Izuku's opponent in the following round.
Note: The episode earned a 3.4% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[18]
21
8 "Battle on, Challengers!"
"Furue! Charenjā" (奮え！チャレンジャー) May 20, 2017
The U.A. Sports Festival continues with the completion of the other six bracket matches. Shiozaki swiftly overcomes Kaminari. Mei manipulates Iida in order to show off her tech to support companies, giving him the win by stepping out. Mina beats Aoyama by exploiting his weakness. Yaoyorozu is overwhelmed by the speed of Tokoyami's Dark Shadow and is pushed out of the ring. Tetsutetsu and Kirishima have a homestyle brawl ending in a tie. Throughout all of this, Ochako is trying to prepare herself for the daunting task of battling Bakugo.
Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[19]
22
9 "Bakugo vs. Uraraka"
"Bakugō vs. Uraraka" (爆vs麗日豪) May 27, 2017
Ochako uses many different strategies to attempt to defeat Bakugo. However, despite her plans, Bakugo wins after Ochako falls unconscious. Afterwards, Ochako talks over the phone with her father who tries to console her, but to no avail. Also during this time, Tetsutetsu and Kirishima have an arm-wrestling contest to determine who moves on to the next round; Kirishima wins and the two become friends. Izuku prepares for his fight with Todoroki.
23
10 "Shoto Todoroki: Origin"
"Todoroki Shōto: Orijin" (轟 焦凍:オリジン) June 3, 2017
Izuku and Todoroki begin their match. Izuku, while still trying to win, is attempting to get Todoroki to use his left side so they can both battle at their full power. As Todoroki fights on, more of his past is revealed through flashbacks. He remembers his mother saying it was okay to use his left side because he wanted to be a hero. So Izuku fights Todoroki who is using both sides. Cementoss and Midnight attempt to stop the match before the two deal their final attacks but to no avail. Izuku is thrown out of bounds and Todoroki moves on.
Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[20]
24
11 "Fight on, Iida"
"Īda-kun Faito" (飯田くんファイト) June 10, 2017
Izuku caused significant damage in his right hand warranting surgery; school nurse Recovery Girl refuses future treatment if he does it again. All Might admits to his youth being identical to Izuku's. Todoroki admits to Endeavor he was able to use his left side fire because he forgot all about his father. In the last matches of the second round, Iida and Tokoyami push respective opponents Shiozaki and Ashido out of bounds, while Bakugo overpowers Kirishima. When Iida fights Todoroki, Iida is frozen and rendered unable to go on. Bakugo figures Tokoyami's weakness to intense light as they fight and makes him yield. Meanwhile in Tokyo, Iida's brother Ingenium is crippled in pursuit of the Hero Killer: Stain, and Iida is informed not long after by his mother. Stain is invited by Kurogiri to meet with Shiguraki about joining the Villain's League.
25
12 "Todoroki vs. Bakugo"
"Todoroki vs. Bakugo" (轟vs爆豪) June 17, 2017
Todoroki is still unsure if he should be using his left side. As the match starts, Todoroki attacks Bakugo with his ice power. Bakugo becomes angry as he wants Todoroki to fight him with both of his sides. After Izuku's cheer, Todoroki decides to use his left side but when Bakugo is about to use his "Howitzer Impact", Todoroki suddenly stops using his left side. The attack pushes Todoroki out of bounds, resulting in Bakugo being named the winner. Angered, Bakugo still goes after Todoroki, but Midnight stops him. After the match, All Might gives everyone medals. Iida already to see his brother at the hospital and did not attend the award ceremony. After everyone went home to recover, Todoroki finally decides to go see his mother whom he had not seen for many years.
26
13 "Time to Pick Some Names"
"Namae o Tsuke te Miyō no Kai" (名前をつけてみようの会) June 24, 2017
The Sports Festival is over, and everyone's injuries are almost recovered. Mr. Aizawa announces that everyone has to decide a hero name for themselves, and that since many of the students have gotten multiple offers from pro heroes, everyone will be doing a one-week internship at a hero agency. Midnight joins in to offer feedback on everyone's hero name requests. After that, everyone chooses an agency for their internship. Izuku is still not sure which agency he should join when suddenly All Might shows up. He tells Izuku that his teacher has offered an internship, and Izuku accepts it. Meanwhile, Iida picks an agency in the area where his brother was attacked. The next day, everyone sets off for the internship.
27
14 "Bizarre! Gran Torino Appears"
"Kaiki! Guran Torino Arawaru" (怪奇!グラントリノ現る) July 8, 2017
The internship program starts and Izuku is waiting to meet Gran Torino but when he does he is not what he expected. Izuku begins to leave until Gran Torino shows his power and tempts Izuku to fight him. Meanwhile Tenya is looking for hero-killer Stain and the other students of Class A are also busy in their internship. Izuku trains hard with Gran Torino and finally starts to understand One For All.
28
15 "Midoriya and Shigaraki"
"Midoriya to Shigaraki" (緑谷と死柄木) July 15, 2017
Now that Izuku knows how to control some of his powers he starts to train more and more with Gran Torino to perfect that power. All Might learns more about the captured Nomu. After Stain refuses to join the League of Villains, he returns to Haso City to hunt down more heroes. Shigaraki also goes to Haso, releasing several Nomus into the city. On the way to respond to the Nomu attacks, Tenya discovers Stain just as he is about to kill another hero. Meanwhile, Gran Torino decides to take Izuku to Shibuya city, and their train is attacked by a Nomu as they pass Haso.
Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[21]
29
16 "Hero Killer: Stain vs U.A. Students"
"Hīrō Goroshi Sutein vs U.A. Seito" (ヒーロー殺し ステインvs雄英生徒) July 22, 2017
Haso City is under attack by Stain and by three Nomus released by the League of Villains. As Gran Torino battles the Nomu that attacked their train, Izuku searches the city for Tenya and arrives just in time to prevent Stain from killing him. Having received a cryptic message from Izuku before he attacked Stain, Shoto arrives just as Stain has used his Quirk to paralyze Izuku. As Izuku figures out the secret of Stain's Quirk, Shoto struggles to evade Stain's many blades and Tenya struggles with his own rage and quest for vengeance.
Note: The episode earned a 2.8% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[22]
30
17 "Climax"
"Ketchaku" (決着) July 29, 2017
Tenya fights off Stain's Quirk and joins the battle with Shoto and Izuku. Endeavor and Gran Torino defeat a Nomu while the three UA students defeat Stain - at the cost of serious injuries to Tenya and Izuku. Endeavor defeats the remaining Nomu and controls the situation.
Note: The episode earned a 4.5% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[23]
31
18 "The Aftermath of Hero Killer: Stain"
"'Hīrō-Goroshi Sutein' Sono Yoha" (「ヒーロー殺しステイン」その余波) August 5, 2017
Following Stain's arrest, the video of Stain expressing his views on the present Heroes has gone viral, and more people are falling to those views. With Stain in custody, they begin to gravitate towards the League of Villains. Meanwhile, credit for the arrest has gone to Endeavor, to ensure that Tenya, Izuku and Shoto are not arrested for using their powers without permission. Iida apologizes for his rash behavior and decides to work on improving himself.
32
19 "Everyone's Internships"
"Sorezore no Shokuba Taiken" (それぞれの職場体験) August 12, 2017
Anime-original episode showing what some of the other characters did during their internships, particularly Tsuyu/Froppy.
Note: The episode earned a 2.7% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[24]
33
20 "Listen Up!! A Tale from the Past"
"Shire!! Mukashi no Hanashi" (知れ!!昔の話) August 19, 2017
Following their internships, everyone has returned to school, and All Might decides to tell Izuku the truth behind his Quirk, One for All.
Note: The episode earned a 4.1% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[25]
34
21 "Gear up for Final Exams"
"Sonaero Kimatsu Tesuto" (備えろ期末テスト) September 2, 2017
Final exams are approaching, and the class prepares for their written and practical exams. Momo hosts a study party at her mansion, and Itsuka tells Izuku and his friends that the practical exam will be against robot enemies. After making it through three days of written exams, everyone is shocked to learn that the practical exam will not involve robots this year - instead, they will be fighting in predetermined pairs against one of their teachers. To pass, they must either defeat the teacher or escape the arena before time runs out.
Note: The episode earned a 3.2% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[26]
35
22 "Yaoyorozu: Rising"
"Yaoyorozu: Raijingu" (八百万：ライジング) September 9, 2017
Tsuyu and Fumikage work together to evade Ectoplasm's army of clones. Tenya and Mashirao face off against the burrowing Power Loader. Todoroki and Momo, whose confidence was shattered after being easily defeated by Fumikage in the Sports Festival, attempt to evade Aizawa's Quirk. Ochaco and Yuga try to avoid being sucked into Thirteen's black hole.
Note: The episode earned a 3.0% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[27]
36
23 "Stripping the Varnish"
"Mukero Hitokawa" (むけろ一皮) September 16, 2017
Yuga asks Ochaco if she likes Izuku, prompting an unexpected resolution to their match with Thirteen. Denki and Mina attempt to evade the buildings being toppled by Principal Nezu as he strategically cuts off their escape routes. Kyoka and Koji, who both have sound-dependent Quirks, struggle to come up with a strategy against Present Mic's overpowering noise. Mezo creates a distraction to allow Toru an opening against Snipe. Midnight takes out Hanta quickly, leaving Mineta alone against her somnambulist Quirk.
Note: The episode earned a 3.9% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[28]
37
24 "Katsuki Bakugo: Origin"
"Bakugo Katsuki: Orijin" (爆豪勝己：オリジン) September 23, 2017
The final match of the final exams pits Izuku and Katsuki against All Might. Izuku struggles to convince Katsuki to work with him, especially since Izuku believes they have no choice but to escape and Katsuki seems determined to fight All Might head-on. Even with All Might's diminishing strength and handicap weights, both students face serious injuries as they put everything they have into the fight.
Note: The episode earned a 3.4% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[29]
38
25 "Encounter"
"Enkauntā" (エンカウンター) September 30, 2017
At the League of Villains hideout, two visitors express interest in joining the League of Villains. Tomura resents the fact that Stain's ideology has inspired so many people when his own approach has not been nearly as successful. Meanwhile, Izuku and his classmates go on a shopping trip to prepare for summer training camp.
Season 3 (2018)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
39
1 "Game Start"
"Gēmu Sutāto" (ゲーム・スタート) April 7, 2018
The students of 1-A have a PE class at the pool, while reminiscing about the main events of the previous seasons.
Note: The episode earned a 4.9% rating in the Kantō region of Japan.[30]
40
2 "Wild, Wild Pussycats"
"Wairudo Wairudo Pusshīkyattsu" (ワイルド・ワイルド・プッシーキャッツ) April 14, 2018
On the day of the forest lodge trip, Class 1-A and 1-B prepare to board buses. An hour later, Class 1-A's bus stops for a restroom break. Suddenly, two women wearing cat-like costumes and a small boy appear. The women introduce themselves as the professional Hero Team, The Pussycats, while the boy is revealed to be Kota, an orphan in their care who despises heroes. Mandalay tells class 1-A that they must reach the training camp at the base of the mountain by midday or they will miss lunch. Despite their best efforts, class 1-A's progress is inhibited by earthen beasts throughout the forest, controlled by Pixie-Bob with her Quirk, and the students miss their deadline by hours. However, team Pussycats is satisfied with their performances, and they are offered dinner instead. Afterwards, Class 1-A go to the hot springs for a bath. Mineta tries to peek at the girls' bath side but is prevented by Kota; Kota accidentally sees the girls and faints, but is saved by Izuku. Izuku brings the unconscious Kota to the cabin and learns the story of his parents; pro heroes who died in the line of duty.
41
3 "Kota"
"Kōta-kun" (洸汰くん) April 21, 2018
Class 1-A and 1-B continues training as the villains prepare to attack. Despite Kota's hatred for heroes, and the superhuman society in general, Midoriya tries to convince Kota by telling his own tales as his friend's story. The villains attack when the students are participating in a training exercise and catch them unawares.
42
4 "My Hero"
"Boku no Hīrō" (僕のヒーロー) April 28, 2018
The villains continue their attack, working in teams or alone to target different groups of students and teachers. Muscular, one of the villains chances upon Kota at his secret hideout and tries to kill him, but is stopped by Izuku. Izuku is pushed to his limit in the fight but manages to defeat Muscular with a 1,000,000% Delaware Detroit Smash and saves Kota. Kota finally overcomes his prejudices due to Izuku's selflessness and calls him "My Hero".
43
5 "Drive It Home, Iron Fist!!!"
"Buchikomu Tekken!!!" (ブチ込む鉄拳!!!) May 5, 2018
After defeating Muscular, Izuku carries Kota back to the camp and runs into Eraserhead. Izuku passes Kota over to him, as he has a message to deliver to everyone through Mandalay's telepathy. The teacher asks Izuku to deliver a message from him as well. Mandalay delivers both messages: That “Kacchan” (Katsuki) is one of the villains' targets and the students have permission to use their quirks to defend themselves. Meanwhile, Tetsutetsu and Itsuka find the source of a poisonous gas that is filling part of the forest: a villain named Mustard. The two work together to defeat Mustard and this results in the gas dissipating. Izuku runs into Mezo while searching for Katsuki and learns that Fumikage's quirk, Dark Shadow, is out of control.
44
6 "Roaring Upheaval"
"Ganaru Fūunkyū" (がなる風雲急) May 12, 2018
Mezo asks for Izuku's help in saving Fumikage from his own quirk and to choose between saving Fumikage or Katsuki. Izuku devises a plan to save both, which involves leading Dark Shadow to Katsuki and Shoto who are fighting the villain Moonfish. Dark Shadow defeats Moonfish and is then weakened and brought back under control by Katsuki and Shoto. The students team up and run into Ochaco and Tsuyu fighting a villain called Himiko. As there are now more student present than she is ready to take on by herself, Himiko retreats. Izuku asks the girls to help them protect Katsuki but Katsuki and Fumikage have already been kidnapped by the villain Mr. Compress. A Nomu chases Yosetsu who is carrying a heavily injured Momo but the Nomu is called back by Dabi as their mission has been accomplished. Momo makes a tracking device which Yosetsu attaches to the Nomu. Izuku and the others continue to chase Mr. Compress but are unable to keep up with his speed. Izuku devises a plan to launch him, Shoto and Mezo into the air using Ochaco and Tsuyu's quirks. They manage to successfully tackle Mr. Compress to the ground.
45
7 "What a Twist!"
"Ten Ten Ten!" (転転転!) May 19, 2018
Midoriya, Todoroki and Shoji have caught up with Mr. Compress, and with Aoyama's assistance, they manage to rescue Tokoyami. However, the villains retreat with Bakugo, leaving the heroes-in-training in anguish. U.A. faces serious backlash over the next couple of days, even while the police pursues a lead to find the League of Villains. Midoriya wakes up in a hospital bed, two days after the attack. Almost all of class A comes to visit him. Kirishima and Todoroki reveal that they plan to go rescue Bakugo.
46
8 "From Iida to Midoriya"
"Īda-kara Midoriya e" (飯田から緑谷へ) May 26, 2018
At Midoriya's room in the hospital, class 1A debates whether or not they should attempt a rescue mission. Kirishima lets Midoriya know that he and Todoroki intend to make their move that very night. U.A organizes a press conference whose airing is met with criticism. Meanwhile the police continues with their investigation and organizes a team of heroes to strike back against the villains. Midoriya decides to join Todoroki and Kirishima in their rescue attempt, as does Yaoyorozu. Iida attempts to convince them to drop their plan but ultimately decides to join them so that he can keep an eye on them and call the mission off if actual combat breaks out. The group makes their way to Camino ward and change into disguises to avoid standing out. Shigaraki attempts to convince Bakugo to join the League of Villains but Bakugo reveals his commitment to becoming a hero and attacks Twice and Shigaraki.
47
9 "All For One"
"Ōru Fō Wan" (オール・フォー・ワン) June 2, 2018
Midoriya, Yaoyorozu, Todoroki, Kirishima, and Iida continue their search and rescue to save Bakugo. After arriving at what seems to be the hideout, they discover a large amount of Nomus inside. The Pro-Heroes then capture the members of the League of Villains, but an unexpected warp attacks the heroes and takes Bakugo once again.
48
10 "Symbol of Peace"
"Heiwa no Shōchō" (平和の象徴) June 9, 2018
All for One, the mastermind behind the League of Villains, has snatched back his underlings from the heroes, and Bakugo as well. All Might flies to the rescue, but he's worried about Bakugo's safety and can't fight at full power. Midoriya comes up with a plan that would allow the students to escape with Bakugo, without fighting the villains, and it all comes down to Kirishima.
49
11 "One For All"
"Wan Fō Ōru" (ワン・フォー・オール) June 16, 2018
All Might and All for One clash furiously as their battle is witnessed by the entire world. To shatter All might's resolve, All For One reveals he killed his mentor, and brainwashed her grandson over several years into the now notorious Tomura Shigaraki; which strikes a pain into All Might's heart. This backfires as the hero now musters his power into his fist to deliver his coup de gras: The United States of SMASH. Victorious but entirely spent, All Might sends a message through the TV which the populace thinks is a threat to future villains; however Midoriya realizes it is to let him know that it's time for him take on the mantle of his hero.
50
12 "End of the Beginning, Beginning of the End"
"Hajimari no Owari Owari no Hajimari" (始まりの終わり 終わりの始まり) June 23, 2018
As All Might is officially retired, and All For One imprisoned in the Maximum Security Prison "Tartarus", the Police hold a closed conference on how this may embolden more villains to Shigaraki's League. A depressed Midoriya receives a text from All Might to meet at Degoba Beach where he trained for the entrance exams and the two share a heartfelt moment. Sometime later, Aizawa & All Might visit the student's parents to discuss a new dorm system to better protect the students. While many are open to it, including the Bakugo family, Izuku's mother Inko is against it as her son has repeatedly suffered grave bodily injuries in emulation of All Might since attending U.A. To prove his determination, Izuku shows his mother the note from Kota thanking him for being his hero; and as a show of humility, All Might bows his head to the ground to promise Inko he will be a better teacher for Izuku, finally earning her hesitant approval. Izuku promises to be more considerate of his mother's feelings from now on and work to be safer. Meanwhile, All For One is gleeful that Tomura will now evolve with his teacher's absence.
51
13 "Moving into Dorms"
"Haire Ryō" (入れ寮) June 30, 2018
After Midoriya's mother reluctantly allows him to live in the dorm, he and all his friends shift to the recently constructed dorm for 1A. The principal thinks to himself about how the dorm doesn't only help the students, but will help to determine the identity of the U.A. traitor. Aizawa informs the class that, had the situation been different, he would have expelled not only those who went to save Bakugo, but also those who knew about their plan and didn't stop them. After explaining the dorm system, Aizawa leaves the students to unpack. Later that evening, most of the students (the exception being Bakugo and Asui) take a tour of the rooms to elect a King of Rooms. Sato is the surprise winner, due to his baking talent. Uraraka calls those who went to save Bakugo out to the courtyard. There, Asui reveals her conflicted feelings that she was unable to prevent her friends from breaking the rules, and her desire for everything to go back the way it was before. Uraraka confirms that the whole class feels the same way, ergo the King of Rooms contest. The Bakugo Rescue Squad apologizes to Asui, and Midoriya looks forward to the future.
52
14 "Create Those Ultimate Moves"
"Ame Hissatsuwaza" (編め必殺技) July 14, 2018
53
15 "The Test"
"THE Shinken" (THE試験) July 21, 2018
OVA[edit]
No.
Title
Original air date
1
"Save! Rescue Training!"
"Sukue! Kyūjo Kunren!" (救え!救助訓練!) November 27, 2016 (event)
April 4, 2017 (DVD)
2
"Training of the Dead"
(トレーニング・オブ・ザ・デッド) June 2, 2017
Film[edit]
An original film entitled My Hero Academia: Two Heroes is set to be released on August 3, 2018, developed by the same team of the anime.[31]
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Shonen Jump to Launch 4 Manga Series in Next 3 Issues". Anime News Network. June 25, 2014. Archived from the original on December 5, 2014. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Viz's Shonen Jump Adds My Hero Academia". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on January 28, 2015. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia TV Anime Adaptation Confirmed". Anime News Network. October 29, 2015. Archived from the original on November 1, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Green, Scott (February 2, 2017). "Latest "My Hero Academia" Anime Cast Addition And Plans Spotted". Crunchyroll. Archived from the original on February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Season 2's Ad Previews Opening Theme Song". Anime News Network. March 31, 2017. Archived from the original on June 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Anime Reveals New Opening Theme Artist, Cast for Gran Torino". Anime News Network. June 22, 2017. Archived from the original on June 22, 2017. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "LiSA Performs New Ending Theme For My Hero Academia Anime's 2nd Season". Anime News Network. June 18, 2017. Archived from the original on October 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Anime Gets 3rd Season". Anime News Network. September 30, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Anime's 3rd Season Premieres April 7". Anime News Network. January 30, 2018. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia 3rd Anime Season's 2nd Promo Video Previews UVERworld's Theme". Anime News Network. March 3, 2018. Archived from the original on March 3, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lenny code fiction, Masaki Suda Perform New Themes for My Hero Academia Anime's 3rd Season". Anime News Network. June 24, 2018. Retrieved June 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia to Air on Toonami". Anime News Network. April 19, 2018. Archived from the original on April 19, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Season 3 Listed With 25 Episodes". Anime News Network. March 6, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, March 20―26". Anime News Network. March 30, 2017. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, March 27―April 2". Anime News Network. April 6, 2017. Archived from the original on July 14, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, April 3―9". Anime News Network. April 13, 2017. Archived from the original on July 9, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, May 1―7". Anime News Network. May 18, 2017. Archived from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, May 8―14". Anime News Network. May 27, 2017. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, May 15―21". Anime News Network. May 27, 2017. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, May 29―June 4". Anime News Network. June 8, 2017. Archived from the original on July 19, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, July 10―16". Anime News Network. July 21, 2017. Archived from the original on July 23, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, July 17―23". Anime News Network. July 27, 2017. Archived from the original on July 31, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, July 24―30". Anime News Network. August 3, 2017. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, August 7―13". Anime News Network. August 17, 2017. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, August 14―20". Anime News Network. August 24, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, August 28―September 3". Anime News Network. September 7, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, September 3―9". Anime News Network. September 14, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, September 10―16". Anime News Network. September 21, 2017. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, September 17―23". Anime News Network. September 28, 2017. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017. Retrieved October 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Japan's Animation TV Ranking, April 2-8". Anime News Network. April 12, 2018. Archived from the original on April 20, 2018. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "My Hero Academia Gets Anime Film With Original Story in Summer 2018". Anime News Network. December 10, 2017. Archived from the original on December 11, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
See also[edit]
List of My Hero Academia chapters
List of My Hero Academia characters
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Rafiq Zakaria
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Rafiq Zakaria
Born
April 5, 1920
Nala Sopara, British India
Died
July 9, 2005 (aged 86)
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Nationality
Indian
Occupation
Indian politician and Islamic religious cleric
Known for
Served in Indian Parliament
Founded schools and colleges
Former President of Maharashtra College in Mumbai
Notable work
A Study of Nehru (ed.)
The Struggle Within Islam
Muhammed and the Quran
The Price of Partition
Communal Rage in Secular India
Rafiq Zakaria (5 April 1920 – 9 July 2005) was an Indian politician and Islamic religious cleric. He was closely associated with the Indian independence movement and the Indian National Congress party. He was known for his advocacy of conservative Islam.
Contents
[hide]
1 Public service
2 Education and professional life
3 Aurangabad
4 Works
5 Personal life
6 References
Public service[edit]
Zakaria, a Konkani Muslim from Maharashtra, spent over 25 years in public service, including some time as a cabinet minister in state government of Maharashtra and later as a Member of the Indian parliament. He served as deputy to Indira Gandhi, the leader of the Congress Party, in the Lok Sabha. Zakaria represented India abroad, including at the United Nations in 1965, 1990 and 1996.
Zakaria founded a number of schools and colleges in his constituency of Aurangabad. These included a women's college of arts and sciences and the Indian Institute of Hotel Management, which is now known as the Institute of Hotel Management, Aurangabad (IHM-A). The Maulana Azad Education Trust Aurangabad is a mini university in itself. He was Chancellor of the Jamia Urdu, Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh), and President of Maharashtra College in Mumbai.
Education and professional life[edit]
Zakaria was an alumnus of Ismail Yusuf College, Mumbai. He won the Chancellor's Gold Medal in the MA examination of University of Mumbai and in 1948 received a PhD from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.[1] His doctoral thesis was titled Muslims in India: a political analysis (from 1885–1906). He was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn in England and practised law in Mumbai, where he was appointed Chief Public Prosecutor. Zakaria was a close associate of the administration of Jamiaurdu (Hind).
Aurangabad[edit]
Zakaria contested the first election of the newly created Maharashtra state in 1962, from Aurangabad, and was elected to Maharashtra assembly. He was made Minister for Urban Development in the new ministry. It was under his guidance that planning for New Aurangabad was initiated. The responsibility for the new city was given to CIDCO which started development in the 1970s.
Works[edit]
His many books include A Study of Nehru (ed.), The Struggle Within Islam, Muhammed and the Quran, The Price of Partition, and Communal Rage in Secular India.
Zakaria mostly wrote on Indian affairs, Islam and British imperialism. His works include:
Tomb of Rafiq Zakaria in Aurangabad
A Study of Nehru
The Man Who Divided India
Razia: Queen of India
The Widening Divide
Discovery of God
Muhammad and the Quran
Rise of Muslims in Indian Politics
The Struggle Within Islam
Conflict Between Religion and Politics
Iqbal, the Poet and the Politician (1993)
The Price of Partition
Gandhi and the Break-up of India
Indian Muslims: Where Have They Gone Wrong?
Sardar Patel and Indian Muslims
Communal Rage in Secular India (On the aftermath of the Godhra Riots)
The Trial of Benazir (1989)
He had earlier worked for the News Chronicle and The Observer in London, United Kingdom. Zakaria also penned a bi-weekly column for the Times of India newspaper.
Personal life[edit]
Zakaria was married twice. He was the father of four children by his two wives:
Mansoor Zakaria and Tasneem Zakaria Mehta, the art historian who works with INTACH in Mumbai, by his first wife, Shehnaz Khan, the daughter of a Bhopali aristocrat.
Arshad Zakaria and Fareed Zakaria, the American journalist, by his second wife, Fatima Zakaria, who was for a time the editor of the Sunday Times of India and was in 2008 the editor of the Taj magazine of the Taj Hotels.[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Alumni".
Jump up ^ Singh, Kushwant (26 July 2005). "Right time, right place". Malice. Cybernoon.com. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
Indian scholar Rafiq Zakaria dies, BBC South Asia
Dr Rafiq Zakaria passes away, Rediff.com
Dr Rafiq Zakaria 's politics, Rediff.com
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 111814711
LCCN: n85102639
ISNI: 0000 0000 8409 0744
GND: 115696334
SUDOC: 034555943
BNF: cb12529970j (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rafiq_Zakaria&oldid=798458164"
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Maharashtra MLAs 1962–67
Founders of Indian schools and colleges
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Isotopes of magnesium
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Main isotopes of magnesium
Isotope
Decay
abundance
half-life (t1/2)
mode
product
24Mg
79.0% stable
25Mg
10.0% stable
26Mg
11.0% stable
Standard atomic weight (Ar, standard)
[24.304, 24.307][1]
Conventional: 24.305
view
talk
edit
Magnesium (12Mg) naturally occurs in three stable isotopes, 24Mg, 25Mg, and 26Mg. There are 19 radioisotopes that have been discovered, ranging from 19Mg to 40Mg. The longest-lived radioisotope is 28Mg with a half-life of 20.915 hours. The lighter isotopes mostly decay to isotopes of sodium while the heavier isotopes decay to isotopes of aluminium. The shortest-lived is 19Mg with a half-life of 4 picoseconds.
A chart showing the abundances of the naturally occurring isotopes of magnesium.
Contents
[hide]
1 List of isotopes
1.1 Notes
2 References
3 External links
List of isotopes[edit]
nuclide
symbol
Z(p)
N(n)

isotopic mass (u)
half-life
decay mode(s)[2]
daughter
isotope(s)[n 1]
nuclear
spin
representative
isotopic
composition
(mole fraction)
range of natural
variation
(mole fraction)
19Mg 12 7 19.03547(27) 4×10−12 s 2p 17Ne 1/2−#
20Mg 12 8 20.018863(29) 90.8(24) ms β+ (97%) 20Na 0+
β+, p (3%) 19Ne
21Mg 12 9 21.011713(18) 122(2) ms β+ (66.9%) 21Na (5/2,3/2)+
β+, p (32.6%) 20Ne
β+, α (0.5%) 17F
22Mg 12 10 21.9995738(14) 3.8755(12) s β+ 22Na 0+
23Mg 12 11 22.9941237(14) 11.317(11) s β+ 23Na 3/2+
24Mg 12 12 23.985041700(14) Stable 0+ 0.7899(4) 0.78958–0.79017
25Mg 12 13 24.98583692(3) Stable 5/2+ 0.1000(1) 0.09996–0.10012
26Mg[n 2] 12 14 25.982592929(30) Stable 0+ 0.1101(3) 0.10987–0.11030
27Mg 12 15 26.98434059(5) 9.458(12) min β− 27Al 1/2+
28Mg 12 16 27.9838768(22) 20.915(9) h β− 28Al 0+
29Mg 12 17 28.988600(15) 1.30(12) s β− 29Al 3/2+
30Mg 12 18 29.990434(9) 335(17) ms β− (99.94%) 30Al 0+
β−, n (.06%) 29Al
31Mg 12 19 30.996546(13) 230(20) ms β− (98.3%) 31Al 3/2+
β−, n (1.7%) 30Al
32Mg 12 20 31.998975(19) 86(5) ms β− (97.6%) 32Al 0+
β−, n (2.4%) 31Al
33Mg 12 21 33.005254(21) 90.5(16) ms β− (83%) 33Al 7/2−#
β−, n (17%) 32Al
34Mg 12 22 34.00946(25) 20(10) ms β− (>99.9%) 34Al 0+
β−, n (<.1%) 33Al
35Mg 12 23 35.01734(43)# 70(40) ms β−, n (52%) 34Al (7/2−)#
β− (48%) 35Al
36Mg 12 24 36.02300(54)# 3.9(13) ms β− 36Al 0+
37Mg 12 25 37.03140(97)# 40# ms [>260 ns] β− 37Al 7/2−#
β−, n 36Al
38Mg 12 26 38.03757(54)# 1# ms [>260 ns] 0+
39Mg 12 27 39.04677(55)# <260 ns 7/2−#
40Mg 12 28 40.05393(97)# 1# ms 0+
Jump up ^ Bold for stable isotopes
Jump up ^ Used in radiodating events early in the Solar System's history
Notes[edit]
Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from systematic trends. Spins with weak assignment arguments are enclosed in parentheses.
Uncertainties are given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits. Uncertainty values denote one standard deviation, except isotopic composition and standard atomic mass from IUPAC, which use expanded uncertainties.
References[edit]
Isotope masses from:
G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
Isotopic compositions and standard atomic masses from:
J. R. de Laeter; J. K. Böhlke; P. De Bièvre; H. Hidaka; H. S. Peiser; K. J. R. Rosman; P. D. P. Taylor (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683.
M. E. Wieser (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Lay summary.
Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. See editing notes on this article's talk page.
G. Audi; A. H. Wapstra; C. Thibault; J. Blachot; O. Bersillon (2003). "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties" (PDF). Nuclear Physics A. 729: 3–128. Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-23.
National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.1 database". Brookhaven National Laboratory. Retrieved September 2005. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
N. E. Holden (2004). "Table of the Isotopes". In D. R. Lide. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). CRC Press. Section 11. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
External links[edit]
Magnesium isotopes data from The Berkeley Laboratory Isotopes Project's
Jump up ^ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
Jump up ^ "Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. (Registration required (help)).

Isotopes of sodium Isotopes of magnesium Isotopes of aluminium
Table of nuclides
[hide]
v
t
e
Isotopes of the chemical elements
1
H 2
He
3
Li 4
Be 5
B 6
C 7
N 8
O 9
F 10
Ne
11
Na 12
Mg 13
Al 14
Si 15
P 16
S 17
Cl 18
Ar
19
K 20
Ca 21
Sc 22
Ti 23
V 24
Cr 25
Mn 26
Fe 27
Co 28
Ni 29
Cu 30
Zn 31
Ga 32
Ge 33
As 34
Se 35
Br 36
Kr
37
Rb 38
Sr 39
Y 40
Zr 41
Nb 42
Mo 43
Tc 44
Ru 45
Rh 46
Pd 47
Ag 48
Cd 49
In 50
Sn 51
Sb 52
Te 53
I 54
Xe
55
Cs 56
Ba 57
La 72
Hf 73
Ta 74
W 75
Re 76
Os 77
Ir 78
Pt 79
Au 80
Hg 81
Tl 82
Pb 83
Bi 84
Po 85
At 86
Rn
87
Fr 88
Ra 89
Ac 104
Rf 105
Db 106
Sg 107
Bh 108
Hs 109
Mt 110
Ds 111
Rg 112
Cn 113
Nh 114
Fl 115
Mc 116
Lv 117
Ts 118
Og
58
Ce 59
Pr 60
Nd 61
Pm 62
Sm 63
Eu 64
Gd 65
Tb 66
Dy 67
Ho 68
Er 69
Tm 70
Yb 71
Lu
90
Th 91
Pa 92
U 93
Np 94
Pu 95
Am 96
Cm 97
Bk 98
Cf 99
Es 100
Fm 101
Md 102
No 103
Lr
Table of nuclides
Categories: Isotopes
Tables of nuclides
Metastable isotopes
Isotopes by element
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Deep-focus earthquake
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A deep-focus earthquake in seismology (also called a plutonic earthquake) is an earthquake with a hypocenter depth exceeding 300 km. They occur almost exclusively at oceanic-continental convergent boundaries in association with subducted oceanic lithosphere. They occur along a dipping tabular zone beneath the subduction zone known as the Wadati–Benioff zone.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Discovery
2 Seismic characteristics
3 Focal mechanisms
4 Physical process
4.1 Solid-solid phase transitions
4.2 Dehydration embrittlement
4.3 Transformational faulting or anticrack faulting
4.4 Shear instability / thermal runaway
5 Notable deep-focus earthquakes
6 References
Discovery[edit]
Preliminary evidence for the existence of deep-focus earthquakes was first brought to the attention of the scientific community in 1922 by Herbert Hall Turner.[2] In 1928, Kiyoo Wadati proved the existence of earthquakes occurring well beneath the lithosphere, dispelling the notion that earthquakes occur only with shallow focal depths.[3]
Seismic characteristics[edit]
Deep-focus earthquakes give rise to minimal surface waves.[3] Their focal depth causes the earthquakes to be less likely to produce seismic wave motion with energy concentrated at the surface. The path of deep-focus earthquake seismic waves from focus to recording station goes through the heterogeneous upper mantle and highly variable crust only once.[3] Therefore, the body waves undergo less attenuation and reverberation than seismic waves from shallow earthquakes, resulting in sharp body wave peaks.
Focal mechanisms[edit]
The pattern of energy radiation of an earthquake is represented by the moment tensor solution, which is graphically represented by beachball diagrams. An explosive or implosive mechanism produces an isotropic seismic source. Slip on a planar fault surface results in what is known as a double-couple source. Uniform outward motion in a single plane due to normal shortening gives rise is known as a compensated linear vector dipole source.[3] Deep-focus earthquakes have been shown to contain a combination of these sources.
Physical process[edit]
Shallow-focus earthquakes are the result of the sudden release of strain energy built up over time in rock by brittle fracture and frictional slip over planar surfaces.[4] However, the physical mechanism of deep focus earthquakes is poorly understood. Subducted lithosphere subject to the pressure and temperature regime at depths greater than 300 km should not exhibit brittle behavior, but should rather respond to stress by plastic deformation.[3] Several physical mechanisms have been proposed for the nucleation and propagation of deep-focus earthquakes; however, the exact process remains an outstanding problem in the field of deep earth seismology.
The following four subsections outline proposals which could explain the physical mechanism allowing deep focus earthquakes to occur. With the exception of solid-solid phase transitions, the proposed theories for the focal mechanism of deep earthquakes hold equal footing in current scientific literature.
Solid-solid phase transitions[edit]
The earliest proposed mechanism for the generation of deep-focus earthquakes is an implosion due to a phase transition of material to a higher density, lower volume phase.[3] The olivine-spinel phase transition is thought to occur at a depth of 410 km in the interior of the earth. This hypothesis proposes that metastable olivine in oceanic lithosphere subducted to depths greater than 410 km undergoes a sudden phase transition to spinel structure. The increase in density due to the reaction would cause an implosion giving rise to the earthquake. This mechanism has been largely discredited due to the lack of a significant isotropic signature in the moment tensor solution of deep-focus earthquakes.[1]
Dehydration embrittlement[edit]
Dehydration reactions of mineral phases with high weight percent water would increase the pore pressure in a subducted oceanic lithosphere slab. This effect reduces the effective normal stress in the slab and allow slip to occur on pre-existing fault planes at significantly greater depths that would normally be possible.[1] Several workers[who?] suggest that this mechanism does not play a significant role in seismic activity beyond 350 km depth due to the fact that most dehydration reactions will have reached completion by a pressure corresponding to 150 to 300 km depth (5-10 GPa).[1]
Transformational faulting or anticrack faulting[edit]
Transformational faulting, also known as anticrack faulting, is the result of the phase transition of a mineral to a higher density phase occurring in response to shear stress in a fine-grained shear zone. The transformation occurs along the plane of maximal shear stress. Rapid shearing can then occur along these planes of weakness, giving rise to an earthquake in a mechanism similar to a shallow-focus earthquake. Metastable olivine subducted past the olivine-wadsleyite transition at 320--410 km depth (depending on temperature) is a potential candidate for such instabilities.[3] Arguments against this hypothesis include the requirements that the faulting region should be very cold, and contain very little mineral-bound hydroxyl. Higher temperatures or higher hydroxyl contents preclude the metastable preservation of olivine to the depths of the deepest earthquakes.
Shear instability / thermal runaway[edit]
A shear instability arises when heat is produced by plastic deformation faster than it can be conducted away. The result is thermal runaway, a positive feedback loop of heating, material weakening and strain-localisation within the shear zone.[3] Continued weakening may result in partial melting along zones of maximal shear stress. Plastic shear instabilities leading to earthquakes have not been documented in nature, nor have they been observed in natural materials in the laboratory. Their relevance to deep earthquakes therefore lies in mathematical models which use simplified material properties and rheologies to simulate natural conditions.
Notable deep-focus earthquakes[edit]
The strongest deep-focus earthquake in seismic record was the magnitude 8.3 Okhotsk Sea earthquake that occurred at a depth of 609 km in 2013.[5] The deepest earthquake ever recorded was a small 4.2 earthquake in Vanuatu at a depth of 735.8 km in 2004.[6]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Frolich, Cliff (1989). "The Nature of Deep-Focus Earthquakes". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 17: 227–254. Bibcode:1989AREPS..17..227F. doi:10.1146/annurev.ea.17.050189.001303.
Jump up ^ Green, Harry W. (995). "The mechanics of deep earthquakes". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 23: 169. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.23.1.169.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Frohlich, Cliff (2006). Deep Earthquakes. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82869-7.
Jump up ^ Kearey, Philip; Keith A. Klepeis; Frederick J. Vine (2013). Global Tectonics (3 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 1-118-68808-2.
Jump up ^ "M8.3 - Sea of Okhotsk". USGS. 2013-05-25. Retrieved 2013-05-25.
Jump up ^ "M 4.2 - Vanuatu region". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deep-focus_earthquake&oldid=822712428"
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Timeline of space travel by nationality
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Map of countries (and successor states) whose citizens have flown in space as of September 2015.
Note: citizens from the now-defunct East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Soviet Union have also flown in space.
Since the first human spaceflight by the Soviet Union, citizens of 40 countries have flown in space. For each nationality, the launch date of the first mission is listed. The list is based on the nationality of the person at the time of the launch. Only 3 of the 40 "first flyers" have been women (Helen Sharman for the United Kingdom in 1991, Anousheh Ansari for Iran in 2006, and Yi So-yeon for South Korea in 2008). Only three nations (Soviet Union/Russia, U.S., China) have launched their own manned spacecraft, with the Soviets/Russians and the American programs providing rides to other nations' astronauts. Twenty-six "first flights" occurred on Soviet or Russian flights while the United States carried thirteen.
Contents
1 Timeline
2 Notes
3 Other claims
4 Gallery
5 References
6 External links
Timeline[edit]
Note: All dates given are UTC. Countries indicated in bold have achieved independent human spaceflight capability.
No.
Country
Name
Flight
Date (UTC)
1960s
1 Soviet Union[1] Yuri Gagarin Vostok 1[2] 12 April 1961
2 United States[3] Alan Shepard MR-3 5 May 1961
1970s
3 Czechoslovakia[4] Vladimír Remek Soyuz 28 2 March 1978
4 Poland Mirosław Hermaszewski Soyuz 30 27 June 1978
5 East Germany[5] Sigmund Jähn Soyuz 31 26 August 1978
6 Bulgaria Georgi Ivanov Soyuz 33 10 April 1979
1980s
7 Hungary Bertalan Farkas Soyuz 36 26 May 1980
8 Vietnam Phạm Tuân Soyuz 37 23 July 1980
9 Cuba Arnaldo Tamayo Méndez Soyuz 38 18 September 1980
10 Mongolia Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa Soyuz 39 22 March 1981
11 Romania Dumitru Prunariu Soyuz 40 14 May 1981
12 France Jean-Loup Chrétien Soyuz T-6 24 June 1982
13 West Germany[5] Ulf Merbold STS-9 28 November 1983
14 India Rakesh Sharma Soyuz T-11 3 April 1984
15 Canada Marc Garneau STS-41-G 5 October 1984
16 Saudi Arabia Sultan al-Saud STS-51-G 17 June 1985
17 Netherlands Wubbo Ockels STS-61-A 30 October 1985
18 Mexico Rodolfo Neri Vela STS-61-B 26 November 1985
19 Syria Muhammed Faris Soyuz TM-3 22 July 1987
20 Afghanistan Abdul Ahad Mohmand Soyuz TM-6 29 August 1988
1990s
21 Japan Toyohiro Akiyama[6][1] Soyuz TM-11 2 December 1990
22 United Kingdom Helen Sharman[6][1] Soyuz TM-12 18 May 1991
23 Austria Franz Viehböck Soyuz TM-13 2 October 1991
24 Russia[1] Aleksandr Kaleri
Aleksandr Viktorenko Soyuz TM-14 17 March 1992
25 Belgium Dirk Frimout STS-45 24 March 1992
26 Italy Franco Malerba STS-46 31 July 1992
27 Switzerland Claude Nicollier STS-46 31 July 1992
28 Ukraine[1] Leonid Kadenyuk STS-87 19 November 1997
29 Spain Pedro Duque STS-95 29 October 1998
30 Slovakia[4] Ivan Bella Soyuz TM-29 20 February 1999
2000s
31 South Africa Mark Shuttleworth[6][2] Soyuz TM-34 25 April 2002
32 Israel[7] Ilan Ramon STS-107 16 January 2003
33 China Yang Liwei Shenzhou 5 15 October 2003
34 Brazil Marcos Pontes Soyuz TMA-8 30 March 2006
35 Iran[8] Anousheh Ansari[6][3] Soyuz TMA-9 18 September 2006
36 Sweden Christer Fuglesang STS-116 10 December 2006
37 Malaysia Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor Soyuz TMA-11 10 October 2007
38 South Korea Yi So-yeon Soyuz TMA-12 8 April 2008
2010s
39 Denmark Andreas Mogensen Soyuz TMA-18M 2 September 2015
40 Kazakhstan[1] Aidyn Aimbetov Soyuz TMA-18M
Notes[edit]
The first cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin, held citizenship in both the Soviet Union and the Russian SFSR, according to the applicable provisions of the Constitution of the Soviet Union. In 1991, the Soviet Union dissolved, and was replaced by Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. At the time of the dissolution, Sergei Krikalev and Alexander Volkov were orbiting Earth on Mir, having been launched into orbit as Soviet citizens, and having returned to the Earth as Russian citizens. Kaleri and Viktorenko were the first Russians to be launched into orbit as Russian citizens only, their launch having occurred subsequent to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Under Fédération Aéronautique Internationale rules, the Vostok missions are not deemed true spaceflights, as cosmonauts did not land with the spacecraft (they ejected from the spacecraft and landed separately). The first Soviet mission that did fulfill this requirement was Voskhod 1. (Reference: "FAI Astronautic Records Commission – Sporting Code Section 8" (PDF). Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-05-26. Retrieved 2006-04-09. ) However, despite this issue, the FAI does recognize Yuri Gagarin as the first person to complete a spaceflight. (Reference: "FAI Award: The Yuri A. Gagarin Gold Medal". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale. Archived from the original on 2007-10-13. Retrieved 2007-10-10. )
Shepard's spaceflight was suborbital. The first American to be launched into Earth orbit was John Glenn, on 20 February 1962.
In 1993, Czechoslovakia dissolved and was replaced by the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
In 1978, both Jähn himself and the German Democratic Republic pronounced him the "first German in space", rather than the first "citizen of the German Democratic Republic in space". In 1990, the states of the former East Germany acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany. On 22 January 1992, Ulf Merbold again traveled into space, now representing the reunited Germany within the Federal Republic of Germany. Jähn is, nevertheless, still considered the first German in space, even in the states of the Federal Republic of Germany that comprised the former West Germany.
This person flew as a commercial, non-governmental space traveller. Apart from Akiyama and Sharman, these space travellers are known as space tourists.
Ilan Ramon was the first Israeli to go into space, but Ramon died during reentry during the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster. Again, this was not deemed a complete spaceflight under FAI rules.
Although recognized as an Iranian citizen by Iranian law, Ansari is also an American citizen and was prohibited from wearing Iranian state symbols by both the United States and Russian governments.
Other claims[edit]
The above list uses the nationality at the time of launch. Lists with differing criteria might include the following people:
Pavel Popovich, first launched 12 August 1962, was the first Ukrainian-born man in space. At the time, Ukraine was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Michael Collins, first launched 18 July 1966 was born in Italy to American parents and was an American citizen when he went into space.
William Anders, American citizen, first launched 21 December 1968, was the first Hong Kong-born man in space.
Vladimir Shatalov, first launched 14 January 1969, was the first Kazakh-born man in space. At the time, Kazakhstan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Bill Pogue, first launched 16 November 1973, as an inductee to the 5 Civilized Tribes Hall of Fame can lay claim to being the first Native American in space. See John Herrington below regarding technicality of tribal registration.
Pyotr Klimuk, first launched 18 December 1973, was the first Belorussian-born man in space. At the time, Belarus was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Vladimir Dzhanibekov, first launched 16 March 1978, was the first Uzbek-born man in space. At the time, Uzbekistan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Paul D. Scully-Power, first launched 5 October 1984, was born in Australia, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
Taylor Gun-Jin Wang, first launched 29 April 1985, was born in China to Chinese parents, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
Lodewijk van den Berg, first launched 29 April 1985, was born in the Netherlands, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
Patrick Baudry, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in French Cameroun (now part of Cameroon), but was a French citizen when he went into space.
Shannon Lucid, first launched 17 June 1985, was born in China to American parents of European descent, and was an American citizen when she went into space.
Franklin Chang-Diaz, first launched 12 January 1986, was born in Costa Rica, but was an American citizen when he went into space[4]
Musa Manarov, first launched 21 December 1987, was the first Azerbaijan-born man in space. At the time, Azerbaijan was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Anatoly Solovyev, first launched 7 June 1988, was the first Latvian-born man in space. At the time, Latvia was a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
Sergei Konstantinovich Krikalev and Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov became Russian rather than Soviet citizens while still in orbit aboard Mir, making them the first purely Russian citizens in space.
James H. Newman, American citizen, first launched 12 September 1993, was born in the portion of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands that is now the Federated States of Micronesia.
Talgat Musabayev, first launched 1 July 1994, was born in the Kazakh SSR and is known in Kazakhstan as the "first cosmonaut of independent Kazakhstan",[5] but was a Russian citizen when he went into space.[6]
Frederick W. Leslie, American citizen, first launched 20 October 1995, was born in Panama Canal Zone (now Panama).
Carlos I. Noriega, first launched 15 May 1997, was born in Peru, but was an American citizen when he went into space.
Bjarni Tryggvason, first launched 7 August 1997, was born in Iceland, but was a Canadian citizen when he went into space.
Salizhan Sharipov, first launched 22 January 1998, was born in Kyrgyzstan (then the Kirghiz SSR), but was a Russian citizen when he went into space. Sharipov is of Uzbek ancestry.
Philippe Perrin, first launched 5 June 2002, was born in Morocco, but was a French citizen when he went into space.
John Herrington, an American citizen first launched 24 November 2002, is the first tribal registered Native American in space (Chickasaw). See also Bill Pogue above.
Fyodor Yurchikhin, first launched 7 October 2002, was born in Georgia (then the Georgian SSR). He was a Russian citizen at the time he went into space and is of Pontian Greek descent.
Joseph M. Acaba, first launched 15 March 2009, was born in the U.S. state of California to American parents of Puerto Rican descent.
Gallery[edit]
The Soviet Union's Yuri Gagarin, the first person in space.
Alan Shepard from the United States of America, the second nation to send a person into space.
Yang Liwei of China, the third nation to launch a person into space.
Vladimír Remek of Czechoslovakia, the first Czechoslovak national in space.
Mirosław Hermaszewski of Poland, the first Polish national in space.
Sigmund Jähn of East Germany, the first German in space.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "BBC News - Sci/Tech - Expensive ticket to ride". News.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "BBC News - SCI/TECH - Space tourist lifts off". News.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS - Science/Nature - Lift-off for woman space tourist". News.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ MAN IN THE NEWS: FRANKLIN R. CHANG-DIAZ; A DREAMER IN SPACE, Malcolm W. Browne, The New York Times, January 13, 1986
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-04-29. Retrieved 2015-08-19.
Jump up ^ Bukharbayeva, Bagila (20 June 2004). "Kazakhstan Gets a Bigger Say in Space Launch Site". Articles.latimes.com. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
External links[edit]
Current Space Demographics, compiled by William Harwood, CBS News Space Consultant, and Rob Navias, NASA.
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