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Tagore family
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Gobindapur
Panchanan · Sukdeb
Jairam
Pathuriaghata
Darpanarayan
Gopimohan
Harakumar · Chandrakumar · Prasannakumar
Gnanendramohan
Jatindramohan · Shourindramohan
Shoutindramohan
Jorasanko
Nilmoni
Ramlochan · Rammani · Ramballav
Dwarkanath · Ramanath
Debendranath · Girindranath · Nagendranath
Debendranath’s family
Generation 1
Dwijendranath · Satyendranath
Hemendranath · Birendranath
Jyotirindranath · Somendranath
Rabindranath · Soudamini
Sukumari · Saratkumari
Swarnakumari · Barnakumari
Generation 2
Dwijendranath's children
Dwipendranath · Arunendranath
Nitindranath · Sudhindranath
Kritendranath
Satyendranath's children
Surendranath · Indira · Kabindranath
Hemendranath's Children
Hitendranath · Kshitindranath
Ritendranath · Pratibha
Pragna ·Abhi · Manisha
Shovana · Sushama
Sunrita · Sudakshina
Purnima
Birendranath's son
Balendranath
Rabindranath's children
Rathindranath · Shamindranath
Madhurilata · Renuka
Meera
Girindranath’s family
Generation 1
Gnanedranath · Gunendranath
Generation 2
Gunendranath's children
Gaganendranath
Samarendranath Tagore
Abanindranath · Sunayani
The Tagore Family, with over three hundred years of history,[1] has been one of the leading families of Calcutta, India, and is regarded as a key influence during the Bengal Renaissance.[1] The family has produced several persons who have contributed substantially in the fields of business, social and religious reformation, literature, art and music.[1][2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background of Tagore
2 The Pathuriaghata family
3 The Jorasanko family
3.1 Spiritual pursuits
3.2 Creative outpourings
3.3 The artists
3.4 The younger generation
3.5 The family environment
4 Notes
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
Background of Tagore[edit]
Tagores are Bengali Brahmins[3][4][5][6][7][8][9] (Kushari) who came from eastern part of Bengal (now in Bangladesh) and settled in the region situated on the right bank of river Hooghly (Rarh) in the 18th century (the first immigrant, Panchanan Kushari, first settled in Gobindapur region around 1720 near what became Fort William, and then after eviction by the British, moved to Jorasanko region south of Sutanuti).
Europeans started coming to Bengal in the 16th century, resulting in the founding of Ugulim (Hooghly-Chinsura) by the Portuguese in 1579.[10] The Battle of Plassey in 1757 resulted in the deposition of the last independent Nawab of Bengal. After the battle of Buxar, British East India company was given the right to collect revenues from Bengal and by 1793 the British East India Company abolished Nizamat (local ruler) and took control of the former Mughal province of Bengal.
The Bengal renaissance of the 19th century was a remarkable period of societal transformation in which a whole range of creative activities – literary, cultural, social and economic – flourished.[11] The Bengal Renaissance was the culmination of the process of emergence of the cultural characteristics of the Bengali people that had started in the age of Hussein Shah (1493–1519).[12] This spread over, covering around three centuries, and had a tremendous impact on Bengali society. Incidentally that coincided with the rise of the Tagore family. The Tagore family attained prominence during this period through its unusual social positioning between Indian and European influences.
To quote Chitra Deb,[13] "Though the cultural role of the Thakurs has received the greatest attention by far, their importance on final assessment is a composite one: commercial and political as well as literary and musical. They played a collective role in every patriotic movement of their times: Nabagopal Mitra's Hindu Mela, the Congress and the National Conference, the Rakhi Festival of 1905, and the Nationalist Movement generally. The story of the Thakurs is inseparable from the story of Calcutta, Bengal and India."
The Pathuriaghata family[edit]
Gopimohan Tagore (1760–1819) was well known for his wealth and in 1822, made what may be the largest ever gift of gold to the Kali temple at Kalighat.[14] He was one of the founders of Hindu College, the institution that initiated western education in the country. He was fluent in English, and familiar with French, Portuguese, Sanskrit, Persian and Urdu, apart from Bengali.[15]
Prasannakumar Tagore, (1801–1868), son of Gopimohan Tagore, was one of the leaders of the Landholders' Society and later the president of the British Indian Association, the earliest organisations of Indians in the country. He had started as government lawyer but later turned his attention to family matters. Apart from being a director of Hindu College, he was involved with the activities of several institutions. Tagore Law lectures are still organised by Calcutta University on the basis of donations he made. He was founder of the first local theatre – the Hindu theatre.[16] He was the first Indian to be appointed to the Viceregal Legislative Council.[17]
Gnanendramohan Tagore (1826–1890), son of Prasannakumar Tagore, converted to Christianity and married Kamalmani daughter of Krishna Mohan Banerjee. He was disowned by his father and disinherited, so he went to England and read for the bar from Lincoln's Inn, and became the first Indian to be qualified as a barrister. For some time afterward, he taught Hindu Law and Bengali at the University of London.[18]
Maharaja Sir Jatindramohan Tagore, GCIE, KCSI (1831–1908), son of Harakumar Tagore, inherited the wealth of the Pathuriaghata branch. He contributed substantially to the development of theatre in Kolkata and was himself a keen actor. He inspired Michael Madhusudan Dutta to write Tilottamasambhab Kabya and published it at his own expense. In 1865, he established the Banganatyalaya at Pathuriaghata. He was a keen patron of music as well and actively supported musicians, one of whom, Kshetra Mohan Goswami, introduced the concept of orchestra into Indian music for the first time in this country. He was president of the British Indian Association and was the first Indian to be member of the Royal Photographic Society.[19]
Ramanath Tagore (1801–1877) and Jatindramohan were major patrons of European art. Their palatial home, the Tagore Castle[20] at Pathuriaghta had a major collection of European paintings. Subsequently, members of the family took to painting in oils themselves. Shoutindramohan Tagore (1865–98) was one of the first Indians to have studied at the Royal Academy.[21]
Sourindramohan Tagore (1840–1914), son of Harakumar Tagore, better known as Raja Sir Sourindro Mohun Tagore[22][23] or simply S. M. Tagore, was a great musicologist who was awarded a Doctor of Music degree by the University of Pennsylvania in 1875 and a D. Litt (Honoris Causa) by Oxford University in 1896. He was proficient in both Indian and Western music. He founded the Banga Sangeet Vidyalaya in 1871 and the Bengal Academy of Music in 1881. He was honoured by the Shah of Iran with the 'Nabab Shahzada' title. The British government made him 'Knight Bachelor of the United Kingdom'. He was also a playwright and Justice of the Peace. He was also a leading philanthropist of his time.[24]
Actress Sharmila Tagore (b. 1944), the widow of Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi Nawab of Pataudi (d. 2011), and mother of actor Saif Ali Khan (Nawab of Pataudi) and actress Soha Ali Khan and jeweller Saba Ali Khan, is believed to have stems from this branch.[25] Her career in film was most active in the 1960s. In 1969, she married Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi, a well-known cricketer and royal personage who was the captain of the Indian cricket team. She converted to Islam to marry Pataudi as Ayesha Sultana, but is usually known by her maiden name. Her late younger sister Oindrilla played Mini in director Tapan Sinha's 1957 film, Kabuliwala.
Prodyot Coomar Tagore (1873–1942), son of Jatindramohun Tagore, was a leading philanthropist, art collector, and photographer. He was the first Indian member of the Royal Photographic Society.
The Jorasanko family[edit]
Spiritual pursuits[edit]
After Dwarkanath Tagore, the leadership of the family passed on to Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) and Girindranath Tagore, the two sons of Dwarkanath Tagore. Debendranath Tagore founded the Brahmo religion and also started its journal Tattwabodhini Patrika. His children continued in the Brahmo Samaj. Girindranath Tagore also joined the Brahmo Samaj but his children, Ganendra and Gunendra, did not. Gunendra's sons, Gaganendra, Samarendra and Abanindra branched out but retained cordial relationship with the Jorasanko family.[26] Debendranath Tagore took over the reins of the Brahmo Samaj in 1843 and not only resurrected it but also enriched it in many ways. It became the inspiration for the Bengal Renaissance.[27] It was he who gave the Brahmo movement the trappings of a separate faith and introduced its own unique rituals. The Brahmo Samaj cast a very wide-ranging influence on its parent Hindu society, much wider than its limited membership would ostensibly permit.[28]
Creative outpourings[edit]
Several of Debendranath Tagore's children were brilliant. Dwijendranath Tagore (1840–1926) was a great scholar, poet and music composer. He wrote extensively in the newspapers and magazines of the day on literature, philosophy and religion. He was editor of "Bharati" and Tattwabodhini Patrika. A pioneer in Bengali shorthand, he was one of the organisers of the Hindu Mela.[29]
Satyendranath Tagore, (1842–1923), was the first Indian to join the Indian Civil Service.in 1864. Earlier, he and his brother Ganendranath were among the first students to pass the Entrance Examination of Calcutta University in 1857. Even while serving in an adminsistrative job, he was a prolific writer, poet and song composer. Many of his nationalist songs are still sung. He was editor of "Tattwabodhini Patrika" and took an active interest in the Hindu Mela. He encouraged his wife, Jnanadanandini Devi, to adopt western ideas and for that purpose took her to a governor's party and also to England, something unthinkable in those days.[30]
Debendranath's third son Hemendranath was a strict disciplinarian who was entrusted with the responsibility of looking after the education of his younger brothers as well as administrating the large family estates. Like most of Debendranath's children, he had varied interests in different fields. On one hand he composed a number of "Bromhosangeets" and on the other, wrote articles on physical science which he planned to compile and edit into a textbook for school students. If his untimely death had not prevented him from completing the project, this would certainly have been the first science textbook to be written in Bengali. He was known for his physical strength and wrestling skills. Exceptionally for the times, he insisted on a formal education for his daughters. He not only put them through school but trained them in music, arts and European languages such as French and German. It was another mark of his forward thinking that he actively sought out eligible grooms from different provinces of India for his daughters and married them off in places as far away as Uttar Pradesh and Assam.
Jyotirindranath Tagore (1849–1925) was a scholar, artist, music composer and theatre personality. He knew several languages – Bengali, Sanskrit, English, Marathi and Persian. In 1924, he translated Gita Rahasya of Bal Gangadhar Tilak into Bengali. He also translated several other books. He wrote several plays, and directed and acted in them. He composed songs that are still available in CDs. Around 2,000 of his paintings are in possession of Rabindra Bharati. A selection of his paintings were published in London in 1914, at the instance of Rothenstein.[31]
Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941), was his penultimate son. He was the first Asian to win a Nobel Prize, and was exceptionally talented and the most famous in the family. Rabindranath is best remembered in history for writing what became the national anthems of the nations of India and Bangladesh and for coining the title Mahatma for Indian nationalist leader Mohandas Gandhi.[32] The youngest son of Debendranath Thakur was Budhendranath, who died at a very young age.
Amongst his daughters Swarnakumari Devi (1855–1932) was a gifted writer, editor, song-composer and social worker. She was editor of Bharati, a remarkable accomplishment in an age when very few girls went to school. She also edited a children's magazine Balak and developed Sakhi Samiti as a means for improving the lives of women. She was the author of several books.[33] Her husband Janakinath Ghosal was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress, so she participated in nationalist activities with him.
The artists[edit]
After Rabindranath, the most notable in the Jorasanko family were Gaganendranath Tagore (1867–1938), Abanindranath Tagore (1871–1951), and Sunayani (1875–1962), who made immense contributions to Indian art.[34] Even earlier, Abanindranath Tagore's grandfather, Girindranath (1820–1854), and father, Gunendranath (1847–81), and subsequently Abanindranath Tagore's cousin, Hitendranath Tagore (1867–1908) and his nephew Jaminiprakash Ganguli, were all gifted and prolific painters, specialising in a genre of dusky landscapes and romantic studies of peasant life.
Gaganendranath was a pioneer in many ways – in adopting Indian styles of painting after training in western art, and then absorbing Japanese styles.[35] However, it was his brother Abanindranath who inaugurated what became known as the "Bengal school" or "Neo-Oriental school". Its influence spread across the country while it incorporated various strains of South Asian influence.[36]
The younger generation[edit]
The younger generation also contributed substantially. Dwijendranath's second son Sudhindranath (1869–1929) was a renowned author. His son Soumyendranath (1901–74) was well known as a leftist politician. Soumyendranath was anti-Nazi and was briefly arrested in 1933 in connection with a plot to assassinate Hitler [1]. Satyendranath's son Surendranath (1872–1940) also had political links. Satyendranath's daughter Indira (1873–1960) distinguished herself in literature, music and in the women's movement. She married Pramatha Chowdhury, a distinguished scholar and writer. The list does not end here. All of them had enormous talent and were brought up in an ideal environment of literary debates and discussions, musical compositions, painting, and theatrical performances. Sharmila Tagore, a well-known Mumbai actress who is connected with Rabindranath Tagore, in an interview stated that her mother's mother, Latika Tagore was the granddaughter of Rabindranath Tagore's brother, Dwijendranath.[37] Pranati Tagore is a renowned and eminent elocutionist, news reader and Bengali actor. She is married to Sunando Tagore, the great grandson to Satyendranath Tagore. Pragnasundari Debi, grand daughter of Maharshi Debendranath Tagore, married the most famous Assam author Sahityarathi Laxminath Bezbarua. She was a literary phenomenon in her own right, her cookbook Aamish O Niramish Ahar (1900, reprinted 1995) was a standard given to every Bengali bride with her trousseau, and earning her the appellation "India's Mrs Beeton".
The family environment[edit]
The environment at Jorasanko was filled with literature, music, painting and theatre. They had their own education system. In the earlier days, the women did not go to school but they were all educated at home. Swarnakumari Debi has recalled how in her early days the governess would write something on a slate which the girls then had to copy. When Debedranath discovered this, he at once stopped such a mindless and mechanical method and brought in a better teacher, Ajodhyanath Pakrashi – a male outsider in the women's quarters... Some of the sons like Ganendra, Gunendra and Jyoitrindra set up their own private theatre. To start with men played in the role of women, but over a period of time even the women joined.[38] The environment in the family played a major role in the development of its members. Even Rabindranath Tagore who went to win the Nobel Prize in literature had very little formal education.[39]
Being somewhat conservative, Debendranath Tagore had put in many restrictions about members of the family participating in certain types of activities outside the house. Therefore, they brought the outside world into their house and the entire family, including the women participated. Two small examples will illustrate the environment:
“A baiji named Saraswatibai, renowned for her singing, had come from Kashi. We wanted to listen to her singing. She charged six hundred rupees for a single night’s performance. We sent Shyamsundar, “Go and bargain, see what you can manage.” Shyamsundar went and could fix her up for three hundred rupees. He came back and said, “Three hundred rupees and two bottles of brandy.” On hearing about the brandy we were taken aback, mummy could object. Shyamsundar said, “She cannot sing without taking brandy.” Everything was ready. Saraswati entered the gathering. She was demure, round nosed, nothing great. Natore said, “Abanda, what have you done? Just thrown away three hundred rupees.” She was going to sing two songs. Natore was ready to accompany her on the mridangam. As the clock struck ten she started singing. One song and it was eleven at night. Natore was paralysed with the mridnagam in his lap. The wonderful voice of Saraswati reverberated around that dance-hall. How wonderfully she had tuned her voice. Some of us with pillows in our laps, others with hands close to our hearts, we were all wonderstruck. The gathering was won over with just one song. Everyone was still immersed in the song, when Saraswati said, “Aur kuch farmaiye.” (present your wish). After listening to her, no one dared to put anything forward. Then I told Shyamsundar, “Ask her to sing a bhajan. We have heard that bhajans of Kashi are very famous.” She sang a bhajan known to all, “Ao to Brajachandalal...” (Come oh, Lord!) Everybody was dumbfounded...
"... The atarwala (scent seller) had come, we used to call him Gabriel Saheb, a genuine Jew. It was as if Shylock from Shakespeare’s Merchant of Venice had come alive and travelled all the way from Istambul to sell atar (scent) on the southern veranda of the Jorasanko house... so many types of people came and so much happened..."[40]
Although the Jorasanko branch of the family had close links with Shilaidaha, in Kushtia District, now in Bangladesh and Santiniketan, where Rabindranath developed Viswa Bharati,[41] their roots were in the Jorasanko house. It was popular as Jorasanko Thakur Bari of the Tagores and now houses the Rabindra Bharati University.
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Deb, Chitra, pp 64–65.
Jump up ^ "The Tagores and Society". Rabindra Baharati University. Retrieved 24 April 2007.
Jump up ^ Tagore, Rathindranath (December 1978). On the edges of time (New ed.). Greenwood Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0313207600.
Jump up ^ Mukherjee, Mani Shankar (May 2010). "Timeless Genius". Pravasi Bharatiya: 89, 90.
Jump up ^ Banerjee, Hiranmay (1995). Tagores of Jorasanko. Gyan Publishing House.
Jump up ^ RoyChowdhury, Sumitra (1982). The Gurudev and the Mahatma. Subhada-Saraswata Publications. p. 29.
Jump up ^ Aruna Chakravarti, Sunil Gangopadhyaya. Those Days. pp. 97–98. ISBN 9780140268522.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Edward (1948). Rabindranath Tagore : Poet And Dramatist. Oxford University Press. p. 13.
Jump up ^ Rabindranath tagore A Centenary Volume 1861–1961. Sahitya Academy. ISBN 81-7201-332-9. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Nitish, pp 119–126
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Nitish, pp 209–216
Jump up ^ History of Bengali-speaking People by Nitish Sengupta, p 210, 212–213.
Jump up ^ Chitra Deb is a writer on social and historical subjects. She is attached to Ananda Bazar Patrika and has made enormous contribution in the field of study of the Tagores.
Jump up ^ Dutta, Kalyani, "Kalighat", in "Calcutta, the Living City", Vol I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, p 25, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-563696-1.
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p 141
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p 313
Jump up ^ Cotton, H.E.A., Calcutta Old and New, 1909/1980, pp344-345, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, pp 184, 313
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p 433
Jump up ^ It was so named because it was built like a castle. It was one of the landmarks of old Kolkata, off old Chitpore.
Jump up ^ Guha Thakurta, Tapati, Art in Old Calcutta, the Melting Pot of Western Styles, in Calcutta, the Living City, Vol I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, pp 148–151, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-563696-1.
Jump up ^ Flora, Reis W (2004). "Raja Sourindro Mohun Tagore (1840–1914): the Melbourne connection". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 27 (3): 289–313. doi:10.1080/1479027042000327147.
Jump up ^ Maharajah sir Sourindra Mohan Tagore picture on page Imheritage India
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p 532
Jump up ^ Her own Wikipedia page describes her as great-great-granddaughter of painter Gaganendranath Tagore, but Bengali newspapers and other local sources consistently refer to her as coming from the Pathuriaghata branch of the family.
Jump up ^ Deb, Chitra, p 65.
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p 219
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Nitish, p 242
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, p 225
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, pp 554–555
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, pp 184–185
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, pp 454–455.
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, pp 609–610.
Jump up ^ Deb, Chitra, p
Jump up ^ Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali, pp 124–125.
Jump up ^ Mitra, Tapan, Art and Artists in Twentieth Century Calcutta, in "Calcutta, the Living City", Vol I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, p 261-62, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-563696-1.
Jump up ^ "The Tagore connection!". The Times of India.
Jump up ^ Jorasanko and the Thakur Family by Chitra Deb in Calcutta, the Living City, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, Vol I, page 66
Jump up ^ Please see Life of Rabindranath Tagore
Jump up ^ Tagore, Abanindranath and Chanda, Rani, pp 72, 75–76.
Jump up ^ visva-bharati
References[edit]
Deb, Chitra, Jorasanko and the Thakur Family, in Calcutta, the Living City, Vol I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, pp 64–67, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-563696-1
Kopf, David (1979), The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-03125-8
Sengupta, Nitish, "History of the Bengali-speaking People", 2001/2002, UBS Publishers' Distributors Pvt. Ltd., ISBN 81-7476-355-4
Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali (editors), (1976/1998), Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan (Biographical dictionary) Vol I, in Bengali, Sahitya Sansad ISBN 81-85626-65-0
Devi Choudhurani, Indira, Smritisamput Vol I (1997/2000), in Bengali, Rabindra Bhaban, Viswa Bharati.
Tagore, Abanindranath and Chanda, Rani, Jorasankor Dhare (By the side of Jorasanko) in Bengali,(1944/2003), Viswabaharati Publications Division.
Sastri, Sivanath, Ramtanu Lahiri O Tatkalin Banga Samaj in Bengali, (1903/2001), New Age Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Dr.S. Radhakrishnan "Rabindranath tagore A Centenary Volume 1861–1961" Sahitya Academy ISBN 81-7201-332-9
Banerjee, Hironmoy and Mazumdar, Biplab K. "The Tagores of Jorasanko" Gyan Publishing House ISBN 81-212-0488-7
Mukherjee, Mani Shankar "Timeless Genius" Pravasi Bharatiya April–May 2010 p 89-90
Further reading[edit]
Chitra Deb (2010). Women of The Tagore Household. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-93-5214-187-6.
External links[edit]
Tagore family genealogy Queensland University
Rabindra Bharati Museum, Kolkata – family chronology
Calcuttaweb – family tree
Hindu School, Kolkata
[show]
v
t
e
Tagore family
1st generation
Darpanarayan Tagore
Nilmoni Tagore
Dwarkanath Tagore
Gopi Mohan Tagore
Hara Kumar Tagore
Prasanna Kumar Tagore
Ramanath Tagore
2nd generation
Debendranath Tagore
Gnanendramohan Tagore
Jatindramohan Tagore
Sourindra Mohun Tagore
3rd generation
Dwijendranath Tagore
Satyendranath Tagore
Hemendranath Tagore
Jyotirindranath Tagore
Rabindranath Tagore
Swarnakumari Devi
Prodyot Coomar Tagore
Ganendranath Tagore
Jnanadanandini Devi
Kadambari Devi
4th generation
Abanindranath Tagore
Gaganendranath Tagore
Indira Devi Chaudhurani
Lakshminath Bezbaroa
Pragyasundari Devi
Pramatha Chaudhuri
Purnima Devi
Sarala Devi Chaudhurani
Surendranath Tagore
5th generation
Dinendranath Tagore
Saumyendranath Tagore
Amiya Tagore
Asit Kumar Haldar
6th generation
Devika Rani
Himanshu Rai
Jitendra Prasada
Krishna Roy
7th generation
Sharmila Tagore
Jitin Prasada
Saranindranath Tagore
8th generation
Saif Ali Khan
Soha Ali Khan
[show]
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Area codes 508 and 774
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Map showing the region covered by area codes 508 and 774
Map of current Massachusetts area codes (since May 2001)
Area codes 508 and 774 are North American Numbering Plan (NANP) telephone area codes for the U.S. state of Massachusetts. This service area currently includes south-central and most of southeastern Massachusetts (LATA code 128). It includes Worcester, Outer south & southwest Greater Boston (such as the MetroWest region), as well as Fall River, New Bedford, Cape Cod, Martha's Vineyard, and Nantucket.
Map showing the 508 area code from its inception in July 1988 until it was split in September 1997
Map showing the original 617 area code before the formation of 508
Area code 508 was created on July 16, 1988, as a split from area code 617.[1] Prior to this split, 617 served the entire eastern two-thirds of Massachusetts from roughly the western end of Worcester County to Boston, The Cape and Islands, & The South Coast, while area code 413 (then as now) served all points west of the original 617 boundary. Permissive dialing of 617 and 508 continued until January 1, 1989.
On September 1, 1997, area code 508 was split, with area code 978 being assigned to the northern part of that service area. Area code 774 is an overlay area code that was added to share the 508 service area, beginning on May 2, 2001 and continuing to the present day. Since then, 10 digit local dialing is mandatory[citation needed].
Some mobile phone numbers from the 1990s assigned to communities in the former northern half on 508 (now the 978 area code) kept the 508 area code just on those mobile lines after it split.
Contents
[hide]
1 Regions and major cities
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Regions and major cities[edit]
Area codes 508 and 774 include the following regions
South Worcester county
MetroWest
Cape Cod
Martha's Vineyard
Nantucket
Area codes 508 and 774 include the following major cities
Plymouth
Taunton
Worcester
Brockton
Franklin
Barnstable
Fall River
Dartmouth
New Bedford
Framingham
Bridgewater
Attleboro
See also[edit]
List of area codes in Massachusetts
List of NANP area codes
North American Numbering Plan
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "NPA: 508". NANP Administration System. North American Numbering Plan Administration. Retrieved 25 August 2012. [permanent dead link]
External links[edit]
NANPA Area Code Map of Massachusetts
List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 508 Area Code
List of exchanges from AreaCodeDownload.com, 774 Area Code
Massachusetts area codes: 339/781, 351/978, 413, 508/774, 617/857
North: 978/351
West: 413 area code 508/774 East: 781/339, Atlantic Ocean
South: 860, 401
Connecticut area codes: 203/475, 860/959
Rhode Island area codes: 401
This article related to a telephone area code is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Area codes in Massachusetts
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text:
List of All England Men's Singles champions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Below is the list of the winners at the All England Open Badminton Championships. Between 1915-1919 the All England was cancelled because of World War I. Between 1940-1946 the All England was cancelled because of World War II.
Year
Champion
Runner-up
Score
1900 Sydney Howard Smith D. Oakes
1901 H. W. Davies Ralph George Watling
1902 Ralph Watling E. Young
1903 Ralph Watling Henry Norman Marrett
1904 Henry Norman Marrett George Alan Thomas
1905 Henry Norman Marrett Ralph George Watling 15-6, 15-2
1906 Norman Wood Henry Norman Marrett 15-8, 18-13
1907 Norman Wood Frank Chesterton
1908 Henry Norman Marrett Arthur M. Cave 12-15, 18-14, 15-9
1909 Frank Chesterton Henry Norman Marrett 15-8, 8-15, 15-10
1910 Frank Chesterton Henry Norman Marrett 15-4, 15-10
1911 Guy A. Sautter J. H. Colin Prior 15-6, 15-11
1912 Frank Chesterton Guy A. Sautter 15-10, 15-13
1913 Guy A. Sautter Frank Chesterton 15-7, 15-8
1914 Guy A. Sautter Frank Chesterton 15-4, 15-10
1915
1919 No competition
1920 George Alan Thomas W. M. Swinden 15-9, 14-17, 15-5
1921 George Alan Thomas Frank Hodge 15-7, 8-15, 15-3
1922 George Alan Thomas Frank Hodge 15-14, 15-5
1923 George Alan Thomas Herbert Uber 15-10, 15-10
1924 Gordon 'Curly' Mack George Alan Thomas 17-15, 9-15, 15–6
1925 Frank Devlin Frank Hodge 11-15, 15-7, 18-15
1926 Frank Devlin Albert Harbot 7-15, 15-5, 15-6
1927 Frank Devlin Albert Harbot 15-3, 15-7
1928 Frank Devlin Albert Harbot 15-10, 15-6
1929 Frank Devlin Donald C. Hume 15-4, 15-1
1930 Donald C. Hume Alan Titherley 15-12, 15-12
1931 Frank Devlin T. P. Dick 3-15, 15-10, 15-3
1932 Ralph C.F. Nichols Raymond White 5-15, 15-11, 18–16
1933 Raymond White Donald C. Hume
1934 Ralph C.F. Nichols T. P. Dick 15-11, 15-8
1935 Raymond White Ralph C. F. Nichols 15-10, 15-7
1936 Ralph C.F. Nichols Raymond White 18–16, 17–18, 15–10
1937 Ralph C.F. Nichols T. P. Dick 15-8, 15-7
1938 Ralph C.F. Nichols Jesper Bie 15-4, 15-5
1939 Tage Madsen Ralph C. F. Nichols 10–15, 18–13, 15–7
1940
1946 No competition
1947 Conny Jepsen Prakash Nath 15-7, 15-11
1948 Jørn Skaarup Poul Holm 15–3, 15–13
1949 Dave G. Freeman Ooi Teik Hock 15–1, 15–6
1950 Wong Peng Soon Poul Holm 15–7, 15–10
1951 Wong Peng Soon Ong Poh Lim 15–18, 18–14, 15–7
1952 Wong Peng Soon Eddy B. Choong 15–11, 18–13
1953 Eddy B. Choong Heah Hock Aun 15–4, 15–4
1954 Eddy B. Choong Donald Smythe 15–5, 15–6
1955 Wong Peng Soon Eddy B. Choong 15–7, 14–17, 15–10
1956 Eddy B. Choong Finn Kobberø 11–15, 15–3, 15–11
1957 Eddy B. Choong Erland Kops 15–9, 15–3
1958 Erland Kops Finn Kobberø 15–10, 8–15, 15–8
1959 Tan Joe Hok Ferry Sonneville 15–8, 10–15, 15–3
1960 Erland Kops Charoen Wattanasin 15–11, 11–15, 15–6
1961 Erland Kops Finn Kobberø 15–10, 15–6
1962 Erland Kops Charoen Wattanasin 15–10, 15–5
1963 Erland Kops Channarong Ratanaseangsuang 15–7, 15–7
1964 Knud Aage Nielsen Henning Borch 8–15, 17–14, 15–4
1965 Erland Kops Tan Aik Huang 15–13, 15–12
1966 Tan Aik Huang Masao Akiyama 15–7, 15–4
1967 Erland Kops Tan Aik Huang 15–12, 15–10
1968 Rudy Hartono Tan Aik Huang 15–12, 15–9
1969 Rudy Hartono Darmadi 15–1, 15–3
1970 Rudy Hartono Svend Pri 15-7, 15-1
1971 Rudy Hartono Muljadi 15-1, 15-5
1972 Rudy Hartono Svend Pri 15-9, 15-4
1973 Rudy Hartono Christian Hadinata 15–4, 15–2
1974 Rudy Hartono Punch Gunalan 8–15, 15–9, 15–10
1975 Svend Pri Rudy Hartono 15–11, 17–14
1976 Rudy Hartono Liem Swie King 15-7, 15-6
1977 Flemming Delfs Liem Swie King 15-18, 15-11, 15-8
1978 Liem Swie King Rudy Hartono 15-10, 15-3
1979 Liem Swie King Flemming Delfs 15-7, 15-8
1980 Prakash Padukone Liem Swie King 15-3, 15-10
1981 Liem Swie King Prakash Padukone 11-15, 15-4, 15-6
1982 Morten Frost Luan Jin 11-15, 15-2, 15-7
1983 Luan Jin Morten Frost 15-2, 13-15, 15-4
1984 Morten Frost Liem Swie King 9-15, 15-10, 15-10
1985 Zhao Jianhua Morten Frost 6-15, 15-10, 18-15
1986 Morten Frost Misbun Sidek 15-2, 15-8
1987 Morten Frost Icuk Sugiarto 15-10, 15-0
1988 Ib Frederiksen Morten Frost 8-15, 15-7, 15-10
1989 Yang Yang Morten Frost 15-6, 15-7
1990 Zhao Jianhua Joko Suprianto 15-4, 15-1
1991 Ardy Wiranata Foo Kok Keong 15-12, 15-10
1992 Liu Jun Zhao Jianhua 15-13, 15-13
1993 Heryanto Arbi Joko Suprianto 15-7, 4-15, 15-11
1994 Heryanto Arbi Ardy Wiranata 15-12, 17-14
1995 Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen Heryanto Arbi 17-16, 15-6
1996 Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen Rashid Sidek 15-7, 15-6
1997 Dong Jiong Sun Jun 15-9, 15-5
1998 Sun Jun Ong Ewe Hock 15-1, 15-7
1999 Peter Gade Taufik Hidayat 15-11, 7-15, 15-10
2000 Xia Xuanze Taufik Hidayat 15-6, 15-13
2001 Pullela Gopichand Chen Hong 15-12, 15-6
2002 Chen Hong Budi Santoso 7-4, 7-5, 7-1
2003 Muhammad Hafiz Hashim Chen Hong 17-14, 15-10
2004 Lin Dan Peter Gade 9-15, 15-5, 15-8
2005 Chen Hong Lin Dan 8-15, 15-5, 15-2
2006 Lin Dan Lee Hyun-il 15-7, 15-7
2007 Lin Dan Chen Yu 21-13, 21-12
2008 Chen Jin Lin Dan 22-20, 25-23
2009 Lin Dan Lee Chong Wei 21-19, 21-12
2010 Lee Chong Wei Kenichi Tago 21-19, 21-19
2011 Lee Chong Wei Lin Dan 21-17, 21-17
2012 Lin Dan Lee Chong Wei 21-19, 6-2
2013 Chen Long Lee Chong Wei 21-17, 21-18
2014 Lee Chong Wei Chen Long 21-13, 21-18
2015 Chen Long Jan O Jorgensen 15–21, 21–17, 21–15
2016 Lin Dan Tian Houwei 21-9, 21-10
2017 Lee Chong Wei Shi Yuqi 21-12, 21-10
2018 Shi Yuqi Lin Dan 21-19, 16-21, 21-9
Contents
1 Number of titles by country
2 List of badminton players with most titles
3 Trivia
4 References
Number of titles by country[edit]
Rank
Country
No. of Titles
First title
Last title
First champion
Last champion
1 England 27 1900 1938 Sydney Howard Smith Ralph C.F. Nichols
2 Denmark
China 20 1939
1983 1999
2018 Tage Madsen
Luan Jin Peter Gade
Shi Yuqi
4 Indonesia 15 1959 1994 Tan Joe Hok Heryanto Arbi
5 Malaysia 14 1950 2017 Wong Peng Soon Lee Chong Wei
6 Ireland 7 1924 1931 Gordon 'Curly' Mack Frank Devlin
7 India 2 1980 2001 Prakash Padukone Pullela Gopichand
8 Sweden
United States 1 1947
1949 1947
1949 Conny Jepsen
Dave G. Freeman Conny Jepsen
Dave G. Freeman
List of badminton players with most titles[edit]
Bold indicates active players.
Rank
Name
Country
No. of Titles
First title
Last title
1 Rudy Hartono Indonesia 8 1968 1976
2 Erland Kops Denmark 7 1958 1967
3 Frank Devlin
Lin Dan Ireland
China 6 1925
2004 1931
2016
5 Ralph C.F. Nichols England 5 1932 1938
6 George Alan Thomas
Wong Peng Soon
Eddy B. Choong
Morten Frost
Lee Chong Wei England
Malaysia
Malaysia
Denmark
Malaysia 4 1920
1950
1953
1982
2010 1923
1955
1957
1987
2017
11 Henry Norman Marrett
Frank Chesterton
Guy A. Sautter
Liem Swie King England
England
England
Indonesia 3 1904
1909
1911
1978 1908
1912
1914
1981
15 Ralph Watling
Norman Wood
Raymond White
Zhao Jianhua
Heryanto Arbi
Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen
Chen Hong
Chen Long England
England
England
China
Indonesia
Denmark
China
China 2 1902
1906
1933
1985
1993
1995
2002
2013 1903
1907
1935
1990
1994
1996
2005
2015
Trivia[edit]
In 1913 & 1914 Guy Sautter competed under the alias of U.N.Lappin and in 1920 George Thomas played under the alias of George Allen.
Between 2003 & 2018 either or both Lin Dan and Lee Chong Wei have contested the final with the exception of the final in 2015, which saw Lin eliminated in the semi-finals and Lee unable to compete due to a doping ban.[1][2]
References[edit]
All England Champions 1899-2007
BadmintonEngland.co.uk
badmintoneurope.com
Pat Davis: The Encyclopaedia of Badminton. Robert Hale, London, 1987, ISBN 0-7090-2796-6
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Men's Singles – Women's Singles – Men's Doubles – Women's Doubles – Mixed Doubles
Jump up ^ "Lin loses for 1st time to Chen in All-England Open semis". China Daily. 8 March 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
Jump up ^ "Badminton player Lee Chong Wei given backdated eight-month doping ban". The Guardian. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2018.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_All_England_Men%27s_Singles_champions&oldid=866110160"
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values: 1921 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1922 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1923 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1924 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1925 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1926 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1927 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1928 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1929 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1930 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1931 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1932 All England Badminton Championships

values:
/wiki/Ralph_C.F._Nichols
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Ralph C.F. Nichols

values: 1933 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1934 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1935 All England Badminton Championships

values:
/wiki/Ralph_C._F._Nichols
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Ralph C. F. Nichols

values: 1936 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1937 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1938 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1939 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1947 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1948 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1949 All England Badminton Championships

values:
/wiki/Dave_G._Freeman
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Dave G. Freeman

values: 1950 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1951 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1952 All England Badminton Championships

values:
/wiki/Eddy_B._Choong
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Eddy B. Choong

values: 1953 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1954 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1955 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1956 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1957 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1958 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1959 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1960 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1961 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1962 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1963 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1964 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1965 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1966 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1967 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1968 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1969 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1970 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1971 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1972 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1973 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1974 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1975 All England Badminton Championships

values: 1976 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1977 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1978 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1979 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1980 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1981 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1982 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1983 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1984 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1985 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1986 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1987 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1988 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1989 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1990 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1991 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1992 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1993 All England Open Badminton Championships

values:
/wiki/Heryanto_Arbi
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Heryanto Arbi

values: 1994 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1995 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1996 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1997 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1998 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 1999 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 2000 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 2001 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 2002 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 2003 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 2004 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 2005 All England Open Badminton Championships

values: 2006 All England Open Badminton Championships

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/wiki/Jan_O_Jorgensen
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Jan O Jorgensen

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values: Edit section: Number of titles by country

values: Edit section: List of badminton players with most titles

values: 1899 All England Badminton Championships

values: List of All England Women's Singles champions

values: List of All England Men's Doubles champions

values: List of All England Women's Doubles champions

values: List of All England Mixed Doubles champions

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