text:
After the Funeral
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
After the Funeral
Dust-jacket illustration of the US (true first)
Author
Agatha Christie
Country
United States
Genre
Crime novel
Publisher
Dodd, Mead and Company
Publication date
March 1953
Media type
Print (hardback and paperback)
Pages
244 first edition, hardback
Preceded by
A Daughter's a Daughter
Followed by
A Pocket Full of Rye
After the Funeral is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in March 1953 under the title of Funerals are Fatal[1] and in UK by the Collins Crime Club on 18 May of the same year under Christie's original title.[2] The US edition retailed at $2.50[1] and the UK edition at ten shillings and sixpence (10/6).[2]
A 1963 UK paperback issued by Fontana Books changed the title to Murder at the Gallop to tie in with the film version. The book features the author's Belgian detective Hercule Poirot, but the Murder at the Gallop film adaptation instead featured her amateur sleuth, Miss Marple.
A wealthy man dies at home. His relatives gather after his funeral for the reading of his will, during which his sister states that he was murdered. The next day, she herself is found murdered. Poirot is called in to solve the mystery.
Contents
1 Plot summary
2 Characters
3 Themes
4 Literary significance and reception
5 References or Allusions
5.1 References to other works
5.2 References to actual history, geography and current science
6 Adaptations
6.1 Film
6.2 Television
6.3 Radio
7 Publication history
8 References
9 External links
Plot summary[edit]
Following the funeral of Richard Abernethie, his family assemble at Enderby Hall for the reading of the will by his lawyer, Mr Entwhistle. His wealth is to be divided up between his surviving family: his brother Timothy Abernethie and his wife Maud; his sister Cora Lansquenet; his nephew George Crossfield; his first niece Rosamund Shane, and her husband Michael; his second niece Susan Banks, and her husband Gregory; and Helen Abernethie, the wife of his brother Leo before his death during the war. Although Richard died of natural causes and his death was expected, Cora makes a chance remark that he was murdered. The day after the funeral, she is found dead, having been violently murdered in her sleep. No motive is obvious in Inspector Morton's investigations - while Cora's life income reverts back to the Abernethie estate, her property goes to Susan, while her companion Miss Gilchrist receives a number of her paintings she made. However, doubts soon arise about Richard's death in the wake of her murder. Seeking help, Entwhistle contacts his friend, Hercule Poirot, to resolve the matter. Poirot contacts his old friend Mr Goby to investigate the family.
Each family member had their own reason for wanting Richard's wealth, and thus become a suspect in the murder. On the day of the inquest, Susan visits Cora's home to clean up her possession for auction. She learns from Gilchrist that her aunt always painted from life, and that she collected paintings from local sales in the hopes of finding a valuable piece. The day after Cora's funeral, art critic Alexander Guthrie arrives to look through Cora's recent purchases as previously scheduled, but finds nothing of value there. That evening, Gilchrist is poisoned with a slice of arsenic-laced wedding cake sent in the post; she survives, mainly from eating a small portion. Gathering to select items from Richard's estate before its sale, the family are joined by Poirot and Gilchrist. During discussions, Helen comments about believing there was something odd on the day of the funeral, Gilchrist makes a remark about one of the decorations in Enderby, while Susan recalls finding a painting in Cora's possession, which she believed had been copied from a picture postcard and not painted from life, Cora's usual style.
Early the next morning, Helen telephones Entwhistle to inform him what she had realised was odd during Richard's funeral, but is struck savagely on the head before she can say more. Helen suffers concussion, and is taken away for her safety. As Morton prepares to ask each family member about their movements on the day of Cora's murder, Poirot startles everyone by revealing to them that her murderer was Miss Gilchrist. She had recognised a Vermeer amongst Cora's recent purchases that her employer had not, and knew it was her chance to rebuild her beloved tea shop that she lost in the war. She painted over the Vermeer painting with a scene of a pier from a postcard, unaware it had been destroyed in the war. Afterwards, she put a sedative in her employer's tea so she would be asleep, while Gilchrist posed as her at the funeral. None of the family had seen Cora for more than two decades, which made her deception easier. After leaving suggestions that Richard had been murdered, Gilchrist killed Cora the following day so that police would believe it was connected to Richard's death. To divert suspicion from herself, Gilchrist faked the attempt on her life.
Gilchrist had to copy Cora's mannerism, but failed to realise one of these was wrong when she rehearsed it in front of a mirror. Helen was attacked because she eventually realised this. Furthermore, Poirot knew she had posed as Cora because she made a reference to a piece of decoration, which could only have been seen within Enderby Hall on the day of Richard's funeral. The Vermeer was hidden by Gilchrist so that Guthrie did not find it during his scheduled visit. Her claim that Cora painted the pier scene from life was countered by Susan finding a pre-war postcard of the pier in the cottage, along with Entwhistle recollecting that he smelt oil when he visited Cora's home after her murder when he contacted Poirot for help. Morton then reveals that two nuns visited Cora's cottage on the day of the funeral, who believed someone was inside. Once accused, Gilchrist breaks down into a flood of complaints about the hardships of her life, but quietly goes with the police. During legal proceedings before her trial, she eventually becomes insane, planning one tea shop after another, though Poirot and Entwhistle have no doubt she was in full possession of her faculties during her crime.
Characters[edit]
Hercule Poirot - The famed Belgian detective. Hired to investigate Cora's murder, and the possibility that her brother Richard was murdered.
Mr Entwhistle - The Abernethie family's solicitor. Hires Poirot to assist in investigating Cora's murder and the circumstances surrounding it.
Inspector Morton - The investigating officer for the Berkshire County's police investigation into Cora's murder.
Mrs Cora Lansquenet - The victim of the case. An amateur painter and the youngest sister of Richard Abernethie. One of the heirs to Richard's fortune, before her murder.
Richard Abernethie - A wealthy widow, recently deceased and buried before the start of the novel. Lost two brothers to the war, and had a son who died before him.
Timothy Abernethie - Only surviving brother of Richard. A grumpy invalid, and one of the heirs to his brother's fortune.
Maude Abernethie - Timothy's wife, a strong, healthy woman who tends to her husband's needs.
Susan Banks - Richard's first niece, and one of the heirs to his fortune. She is a woman with a drive for business, and Cora's heir.
Gregory Banks - Susan's husband. A chemist, who inadvertently gave a non-lethal overdose to one of his customers in the past.
George Crossfield - Richard's nephew. A solicitor for a stock broker's office, and one of the heirs to Richard's fortune.
Rosamund Shane - Richard's second niece, she is an aspiring actress, and one of the heirs to Richard's fortune.
Michael Shane - Rosamund's husband; like her, he is an aspiring actor.
Helen Abernethie - Widow of Richard's brother Leo, and one of the heirs to Richard's fortune.
Miss Gilchrist - Cora's paid companion. She owned a tea shop until it was lost in the war.
Mr Goby - Private investigator, hired by Poirot to investigate each family member's background.
Lanscombe - Butler at Enderby Hall
Janet - Kitchenmaid at Enderby Hall
Marjorie - Cook at Enderby Hall
Mrs Jacks - Enderby Hall's cleaning lady.
Mrs Jones - Timothy and Maude Abernethie's cleaning lady.
Alexander Guthrie - An old friend of Cora's, and an expert on artwork.
Miss Entwhistle - Spinster sister of Mr Entwhistle.
Themes[edit]
Unlike in Taken at the Flood, in which there is a strong sense of post-war English society re-forming along the lines of the "status quo ante", After the Funeral is deeply pessimistic about the social impact of war. A pier on a postcard has been bombed and not yet rebuilt, which fact is pivotal to the plot. Richard Abernethie is devastated that his only son died abruptly from polio, an epidemic of that time. The son was fit, healthy, about to marry, and then gone. Richard sees no other single heir worthy of succeeding to his estate entire. The Abernethie drive and talent for business are found in his niece Susan, but he cannot consider her as sole heir because she is female. Rather, he reacts to her by being disappointed in her husband. Not finding any one person to take over his fortune and business, he divides the money among family members who seem likely to waste it on gambling and theatrical ventures.
One person he valued was his sister-in-law, now widowed by the war. She had a child in a war time affair. She never told Richard of the child, aware of his Victorian views, telling others she has a nephew she helps. She is grateful for his kindness in including her in his will, as she can now raise her son on faraway Cyprus with a proper education. The child is loved, but his mother feels he cannot be accepted in post war England. The last name chosen for Cora's husband, the much disliked painter with some claim to being French, is Lansquenet. It is unusual as a last name, as mentioned in the story. The word is the name of a card game, but mainly it is the term for a German mercenary, a foot soldier with a lance, from the 15th and 16th centuries.[3]
Food rationing in England came to an end in the year of publication, but its effect is still felt in the egg shortages that are mentioned in the novel. Throughout, there is a strong sense of the hardships of the post-war period, including the conniving Miss Gilchrist's heartache at losing her cherished teashop due to food shortages, and being forced into a life of dependence, in which she is regarded as little more than a servant. There are also comments on the increased burden of taxation associated with Clement Attlee's government.
Literary significance and reception[edit]
Robert Barnard said of this novel that it had "A subject of perennial appeal – unhappy families: lots of scattered siblings, lots of Victorian money (made from corn plasters). Be sure you are investigating the right murder, and watch for mirrors (always interesting in Christie). Contains Christie's last major butler: the 'fifties and 'sixties were not good times for butlers."[4]
References or Allusions[edit]
References to other works[edit]
In chapter 12, Poirot mentions the case handled in Lord Edgware Dies as being one in which he was "nearly defeated".
In Chapter 13, Poirot's valet is referred to in the narrative as Georges. His actual name is George, but Poirot always addresses him directly as Georges. This is the first (and only?) time that he is referred to by the French version in narration.
References to actual history, geography and current science[edit]
This is the first of the Poirot novels in which lesbianism (between a woman and her companion) is discussed as a possible motive.[citation needed] The references are veiled and euphemistic: Inspector Morton calls it "feverish feminine friendship" in chapter 13.
Adaptations[edit]
Film[edit]
In 1963, a film adaptation entitled Murder at the Gallop was released by MGM. However, this version replaced Poirot with the character of Miss Marple, played by Margaret Rutherford.
Main article: Murder at the Gallop
Television[edit]
On 26 March 2006, an adaptation of the novel was broadcast on ITV with David Suchet as Poirot in the series Agatha Christie's Poirot. The cast included Michael Fassbender as George, Geraldine James as Helen Abernethie, Lucy Punch as Susan, Robert Bathurst as Gilbert Entwhistle, Anna Calder-Marshall as Maude, Fiona Glascott as Rosamund, and Monica Dolan as Miss Gilchrist.
There were some changes made for the adaptation:
Cora is the divorced wife of an Italian artist named Gallaccio, whose surname she kept. Gallaccio replaces the character of Mr. Guthrie as the art expert that Poirot relies upon.
The painting revealed at the end is a Rembrandt instead of a Vermeer.
Entwhistle does not investigate following the funeral and will-reading, but only after Cora's death, though in a minor capacity.
The character of Mr Goby is omitted. Poirot appears solely under his own name, and interviews the family members himself.
Timothy's ability to walk is only shown at the end, unlike in the book where it is known from the start, while Maude is presented as slightly foolish and participates in a flirtation with Gallaccio.
Susan Banks is renamed Susannah Henderson. She is unmarried, and devoted to missionary works in Africa (specifically, Bechuanaland).
George is Helen's son, Richard's favoured nephew, and expected heir to the bulk of the estate. He is carrying on a secret romance with Susan/Susannah; on the day after the funeral they had a secret tryst in Lytchett St Mary. Also, Richard was George's real father: Richard had told him this, but George refused to accept it and quarrelled violently with Richard (which Poirot and Entwhistle learn from Lanscombe), and in his disgust even forged a will disinheriting himself in favour of the other relatives.
As in several other episodes, the time has been changed to the 1930s – in this case, from the post-World War II years.
The pier in the painting found by Susan/Susannah was destroyed by a fire, not the war.
Miss Gilchrist lost her tea-shop due to a Lyons tea-house opening nearby, not due to wartime rationing.
When Miss Gilchrist is arrested and taken away, she pauses to repeat her imitation of Cora. Poirot hints she likely will be committed for insanity. There is no further discussion.
Radio[edit]
BBC Radio 4 adapted After the Funeral for radio, featuring John Moffatt as Poirot with Frank Thornton as Mr. Entwistle.
Publication history[edit]
Dustjacket illustration of the UK First Edition (Book was first published in the US)
1953, Dodd Mead and Company (New York), March 1953, Hardback, 243 pp
1953, Collins Crime Club (London), 18 May 1953, Hardback, 192 pp
1954, Pocket Books (New York), Paperback, 224 pp
1956, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 191 pp
1968, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 237 pp
1978, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 422 pp ISBN 0-7089-0186-7
The novel was first serialised in the US in the Chicago Tribune in forty-seven parts from Tuesday, 20 January to Saturday, 14 March 1953. In the UK the novel was first serialised in the weekly magazine John Bull in seven abridged instalments from 21 March (Volume 93, Number 2438) to 2 May 1953 (Volume 93, Number 2444) with illustrations by William Little.[5]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Marcus, J S (May 2007). "American Tribute to Agatha Christie: The Golden Years: 1953 - 1967". Retrieved 5 August 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Peers, Chris; Spurrier, Ralph; Sturgeon, Jamie; Foord, Peter; Williams, Richard (March 1999). Collins Crime Club – A checklist of First Editions (Second ed.). Dragonby Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-1871122138.
Jump up ^ Genealogy of the surname "Lansquenet"
Jump up ^ Barnard, Robert (1990). A Talent to Deceive – an appreciation of Agatha Christie (Revised ed.). Fontana Books. p. 190. ISBN 0-00-637474-3.
Jump up ^ Holdings at the British Library (Newspapers – Colindale). Shelfmark: NPL LON LD116.
External links[edit]
After the Funeral at the official Agatha Christie website
Murder at the Gallop (1963) on IMDb
After the Funeral (2005) on IMDb
show
v
t
e
Agatha Christie's Hercule Poirot
Characters
Hercule Poirot
Arthur Hastings
James Harold Japp
Ariadne Oliver
Colonel Race
Books
Novels
The Mysterious Affair at Styles (1920)
The Murder on the Links (1923)
The Murder of Roger Ackroyd (1926)
The Big Four (1927)
The Mystery of the Blue Train (1928)
Peril at End House (1932)
Lord Edgware Dies (1933)
Murder on the Orient Express (1934)
Three Act Tragedy (1934)
Death in the Clouds (1935)
The A.B.C. Murders (1936)
Murder in Mesopotamia (1936)
Cards on the Table (1936)
Dumb Witness (1937)
Death on the Nile (1937)
Appointment with Death (1938)
Hercule Poirot's Christmas (1938)
Sad Cypress (1940)
One, Two, Buckle My Shoe (1940)
Evil Under the Sun (1941)
Five Little Pigs (1942)
The Hollow (1946)
Taken at the Flood (1948)
Mrs McGinty's Dead (1952)
After the Funeral (1953)
Hickory Dickory Dock (1955)
Dead Man's Folly (1956)
Cat Among the Pigeons (1959)
The Clocks (1963)
Third Girl (1966)
Hallowe'en Party (1969)
Elephants Can Remember (1972)
Curtain (1975)
The Monogram Murders (2014)
Closed Casket (2016)
Short story
collections
Poirot Investigates (1924)
Murder in the Mews (1937)
The Regatta Mystery (1939)
The Labours of Hercules (1947)
The Witness for the Prosecution and Other Stories (1948)
Three Blind Mice and Other Stories (1950)
The Under Dog and Other Stories (1951)
The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding (1960)
Double Sin and Other Stories (1961)
Poirot's Early Cases (1974)
Problem at Pollensa Bay and Other Stories (1991)
The Harlequin Tea Set (1997)
While the Light Lasts and Other Stories (1997)
Film adaptations
Alibi (1931)
Black Coffee (1931)
Lord Edgware Dies (1934)
The Alphabet Murders (1965)
Murder on the Orient Express (1974)
Death on the Nile (1978)
Evil Under the Sun (1982)
Appointment with Death (1988)
Murder on the Orient Express (2017)
Plays
Alibi (1928)
Black Coffee (1930)
Peril at End House (1932)
Wasp's Nest (1937)
The Yellow Iris (1937, radio)
Television
adaptations
Thirteen at Dinner (1985)
Dead Man's Folly (1986)
Murder in Three Acts (1986)
Murder by the Book (1986)
Agatha Christie's Poirot (1989–2013)
episodes
Murder on the Orient Express (2001)
Agatha Christie's Great Detectives Poirot and Marple (2004–2005)
Video games
Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express (2006)
Agatha Christie: Death on the Nile (2007)
Agatha Christie: Evil Under the Sun (2007)
Agatha Christie: The ABC Murders (2009)
See also
Black Coffee
Orient Express (board game)
Miss Marple
Agatha Christie's fictional universe
Category
show
v
t
e
Works by Agatha Christie
Universe
Characters
Hercule Poirot
Miss Marple
Tommy and Tuppence
Ariadne Oliver
Arthur Hastings
Superintendent Battle
Chief Inspector Japp
Parker Pyne
Mr. Harley Quin
Colonel Race
Lady Eileen "Bundle" Brent
Sir Henry Clithering
Raymond West
Miss Felicity Lemon
Countess Vera Rossakoff
Locations
St. Mary Mead
Novels
The Mysterious Affair at Styles
The Secret Adversary
The Murder on the Links
The Man in the Brown Suit
The Secret of Chimneys
The Murder of Roger Ackroyd
The Big Four
The Mystery of the Blue Train
The Seven Dials Mystery
The Murder at the Vicarage
The Sittaford Mystery
Peril at End House
Lord Edgware Dies
Murder on the Orient Express
Why Didn't They Ask Evans?
Three Act Tragedy
Death in the Clouds
The A.B.C. Murders
Murder in Mesopotamia
Cards on the Table
Dumb Witness
Death on the Nile
Appointment with Death
Hercule Poirot's Christmas
Murder Is Easy
And Then There Were None
Sad Cypress
One, Two, Buckle My Shoe
Evil Under the Sun
N or M?
The Body in the Library
Five Little Pigs
The Moving Finger
Towards Zero
Death Comes as the End
Sparkling Cyanide
The Hollow
Taken at the Flood
Crooked House
A Murder Is Announced
They Came to Baghdad
Mrs McGinty's Dead
They Do It with Mirrors
After the Funeral
A Pocket Full of Rye
Destination Unknown
Hickory Dickory Dock
Dead Man's Folly
4.50 from Paddington
Ordeal by Innocence
Cat Among the Pigeons
The Pale Horse
The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side
The Clocks
A Caribbean Mystery
At Bertram's Hotel
Third Girl
Endless Night
By the Pricking of My Thumbs
Hallowe'en Party
Passenger to Frankfurt
Nemesis
Elephants Can Remember
Postern of Fate
Curtain
Sleeping Murder
As Mary
Westmacott
Giant's Bread
Unfinished Portrait
Absent in the Spring
The Rose and the Yew Tree
A Daughter's a Daughter
The Burden
Short story
collections
Poirot Investigates
Partners in Crime
The Mysterious Mr Quin
The Thirteen Problems
The Hound of Death
The Listerdale Mystery
Parker Pyne Investigates
Murder in the Mews
The Regatta Mystery
The Labours of Hercules
The Witness for the Prosecution and Other Stories
Three Blind Mice and Other Stories
The Under Dog and Other Stories
The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding
Double Sin and Other Stories
The Golden Ball and Other Stories
Poirot's Early Cases
Miss Marple's Final Cases and Two Other Stories
Problem at Pollensa Bay and Other Stories
The Harlequin Tea Set
While the Light Lasts and Other Stories
Plays
Black Coffee
And Then There Were None
Appointment with Death
Murder on the Nile
The Hollow
The Mousetrap
Witness for the Prosecution
Spider's Web
Verdict
The Unexpected Guest
Fiddlers Three
Akhnaton
Chimneys
Radio and
television plays
Wasp's Nest
The Yellow Iris
Three Blind Mice
Butter in a Lordly Dish
Personal Call
Other books
The Road of Dreams
Come, Tell Me How You Live
Star Over Bethlehem
Poems
An Autobiography
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=After_the_Funeral&oldid=854597911"
Categories:
1953 British novels
Hercule Poirot novels
Novels first published in serial form
Works originally published in the Chicago Tribune
British novels adapted into films
Novels set in England
Dodd, Mead and Company books
Novels adapted into television programs
Hidden categories:
EngvarB from January 2018
Use dmy dates from January 2018
Pages to import images to Wikidata
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Alemannisch
العربية
Bosanski
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Latina
Magyar
Nederlands
नेपाली
日本語
Polski
Português
Русский
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Svenska
Türkçe
Українська
18 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 12 August 2018, at 13:55 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: p

value: span

attrs: class title

value: img

attrs: alt src width height data-file-width data-file-height

values: After the Funeral US First Edition Cover 1953.jpg

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

value: th

attrs: href title

values:
/wiki/Dodd,_Mead_and_Company
mw-redirect
Dodd, Mead and Company

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: Rationing in the United Kingdom during and after World War II

values: Edit section: Literary significance and reception

values: Edit section: References to actual history, geography and current science

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0057334/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0479977/
external text

values: Recurring characters in the Hercule Poirot stories

values:
/wiki/Colonel_Race
mw-redirect
Colonel Race

values: Problem at Pollensa Bay and Other Stories

values: Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)

values: Murder on the Orient Express (2017 film)

values: List of Agatha Christie's Poirot episodes

values: Murder on the Orient Express (2001 film)

values: Agatha Christie: Murder on the Orient Express

values: Agatha Christie: The ABC Murders (2009 video game)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: Partners in Crime (short story collection)

values: Three Blind Mice (radio play and short story)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Category:Novels first published in serial form

values: Category:Works originally published in the Chicago Tribune

values: Category:British novels adapted into films

values: Category:Novels adapted into television programs

values: Category:Use dmy dates from January 2018

values: Category:Pages to import images to Wikidata

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/After_the_Funeral
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-als
display: none;

values: بعد الجنازة – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: Μετά την Κηδεία – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: پس از تشییع جنازه – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Les Indiscrétions d'Hercule Poirot – French

values: 장례식을 마치고 – Korean

values: Հուղարկավորությունից հետո – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: आफ्टर द फ्युनरल – Nepali

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ne
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: После похорон – Russian

values: После сахране – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Після похорону – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-After_the_Funeral rootpage-After_the_Funeral skin-vector action-view


text:
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"E.T." redirects here. For other uses, see ET.
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
Theatrical release poster
by John Alvin[1]
Directed by
Steven Spielberg
Produced by
Kathleen Kennedy
Steven Spielberg
Written by
Melissa Mathison
Starring
Dee Wallace
Peter Coyote
Henry Thomas
Music by
John Williams
Cinematography
Allen Daviau
Edited by
Carol Littleton
Production
company
Universal Pictures
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
May 26, 1982 (1982-05-26) (Cannes)
June 11, 1982 (1982-06-11) (United States)
Running time
114 minutes[2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$10.5 million[3]
Box office
$792.9 million[3]
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, and written by Melissa Mathison. It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren, and stars Henry Thomas, Dee Wallace, Peter Coyote, Robert MacNaughton, Drew Barrymore and Pat Welsh. It tells the story of Elliott (Thomas), a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial, dubbed "E.T.", who is stranded on Earth. Elliott and his siblings help E.T. return to his home planet, while attempting to keep him hidden from their mother and the government.
The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents' divorce in 1960. In 1980, Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies. It was filmed from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of $10.5 million USD. Unlike most films, it was shot in rough chronological order, to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast.
Released on June 11, 1982, by Universal Pictures, E.T. was an immediate blockbuster, surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time—a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park, another Spielberg-directed film, surpassed it in 1993. It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s.
Considered one of the greatest films ever made,[4][5][6] it was widely acclaimed by critics as a timeless story of friendship, and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey. In 1994, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". It was re-released in 1985, and then again in 2002, to celebrate its 20th anniversary, with altered shots and additional scenes.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Pre-production
3.3 Casting
3.4 Filming
3.5 Music
3.6 Allegations of plagiarism
4 Themes
5 Reception
5.1 Release and sales
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Accolades
6 20th anniversary version
7 Other portrayals
8 Cancelled sequel
9 See also
10 References
11 Bibliography
12 External links
Plot[edit]
While visiting Earth in a California forest at night, a group of alien botanists land in a spacecraft. When government agents appear on the scene, the aliens flee in their spaceship, leaving one of their own behind in their haste. At a suburban home, a ten-year-old boy named Elliott is spending time with his brother, Michael, and his friends. As he returns from picking up a pizza, he discovers that something is hiding in their tool shed. The alien promptly flees upon being discovered. Despite his family's disbelief, Elliott leaves Reese's Pieces candy to lure the alien to his house. Before going to sleep, Elliott realizes it is imitating his movements. He feigns illness the next morning to stay home from school and play with it. Later that day, Michael and their five-year-old sister, Gertie, meet it. They decide to keep it hidden from their mother, Mary. When they ask it about its origin, it levitates several balls to represent its planetary system and then demonstrates its powers by reviving dead chrysanthemums.
Makeshift communicator used by E.T. to phone home. Among its parts is a Speak & Spell, an umbrella lined with tinfoil, and a coffee can filled with other electronics.
At school the next day, Elliott begins to experience a psychic connection with the alien, including exhibiting signs of intoxication (because it is at his home, drinking beer), and he begins freeing all the frogs in his biology class. As the alien watches John Wayne kiss Maureen O'Hara in The Quiet Man on television, Elliott then kisses a girl he likes in the same manner and he is sent to the principal's office.
The alien learns to speak English by repeating what Gertie says as she watches Sesame Street and, at Elliott's urging, dubs itself "E.T." E.T. reads a comic strip where Buck Rogers, stranded, calls for help by building a makeshift communication device and is inspired to try it himself. E.T. receives Elliott's help in building a device to "phone home" by using a Speak & Spell toy. Michael notices that E.T.'s health is declining and that Elliott is referring to himself as "we".
On Halloween, Michael and Elliott dress E.T. as a ghost so they can sneak him out of the house. That night, Elliott and E.T. head through the forest, where they make a successful call home. The next day, Elliott wakes up in the field, only to find E.T. gone. Elliott returns home to his distressed family. Michael searches for and finds E.T. dying next to a culvert, being investigated by a raccoon. Michael takes E.T. home to Elliott, who is also dying. Mary becomes frightened when she discovers her son's illness and the dying alien, just as government agents invade the house. Scientists set up a hospital at the house, questioning Michael, Mary and Gertie while treating Elliott and E.T. Their connection disappears and E.T. then appears to die while Elliott recovers. A grief-stricken Elliott is left alone with the motionless E.T. when he notices a dead chrysanthemum, the plant E.T. had previously revived, coming back to life. E.T. reanimates and reveals that his people are returning. Elliott and Michael steal a van that E.T. had been loaded into and a chase ensues, with Michael's friends joining them as they attempt to evade the authorities by bicycles. Suddenly facing a police roadblock, they escape as E.T. uses telekinesis to lift them into the air and toward the forest, like he had done for Elliott before.
Standing near the spaceship, E.T.'s heart glows as he prepares to return home. Mary, Gertie, and "Keys", a friendly government agent, show up. E.T. says goodbye to Michael and Gertie, as she presents him with the chrysanthemum that he had revived. Before boarding the spaceship, he tells Elliott "I'll be right here", pointing his glowing finger to Elliott's forehead. He then picks up the chrysanthemum, boards the spaceship, and it takes off, leaving a rainbow in the sky as everyone watches it leave.
Cast[edit]
Dee Wallace as Mary
Henry Thomas as Elliott
Peter Coyote as "Keys"
Robert MacNaughton as Michael
Drew Barrymore as Gertie
Pat Welsh as the voice of E.T.
K. C. Martel as Greg
Sean Frye as Steve
C. Thomas Howell as Tyler
Erika Eleniak as the girl Elliott kisses
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
After his parents' divorce in 1960, Spielberg filled the void with an imaginary alien companion. He said that the imaginary alien was "a friend who could be the brother [he] never had and a father that [he] didn't feel [he] had anymore".[7] During 1978, he announced he would shoot a film entitled Growing Up, which he would film in 28 days. The project was set aside because of delays on 1941, but the concept of making a small autobiographical film about childhood would stay with him.[8] He also thought about a follow-up to Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and began to develop a darker project he had planned with John Sayles called Night Skies in which malevolent aliens terrorize a family.[8]
Filming Raiders of the Lost Ark in Tunisia left Spielberg bored, and memories of his childhood creation resurfaced.[9] He told screenwriter Melissa Mathison about Night Skies, and developed a subplot from the failed project, in which Buddy, the only friendly alien, befriends an autistic child. His abandonment on Earth in the script's final scene inspired the E.T. concept.[9] She wrote a first draft titled E.T. and Me in eight weeks,[9] which he considered perfect.[10] The script went through two more drafts, which deleted an "Eddie Haskell"–esque friend of Elliott. The chase sequence was also created, and he also suggested having the scene where E.T. got drunk.[8]
In early summer 1981, while Raiders of the Lost Ark was being promoted, Columbia Pictures met with Spielberg to discuss the script, after having to develop Night Skies with the director as the intended sequel to Close Encounters of the Third Kind. However, the head of Columbia Pictures' marketing and research development, Marvin Atonowsky, concluded that it had a limited commercial potential, believing that it would appeal to mostly young kids.[11] The President of Columbia's worldwide productions, John Veitch, also felt that the script was not good or scary enough to draw enough crowd. On the advice of Atonowsky and Veitch, Columbia Pictures CEO Frank Price passed on the project, calling it "a wimpy Walt Disney movie" and thus putting it in a turnaround, so Spielberg approached the more receptive Sid Sheinberg, president of MCA, the then-parent company of Universal Studios.[12][11] Spielberg told Sheinberg to acquire the E.T. script from Columbia Pictures, which he did for $1 million and struck a deal with Price in which Columbia would retain 5% of the film's net profits. Veitch later recalled that "I think [in 1982] we made more on that picture than we did on any of our films."[11]
Pre-production[edit]
Italian special effects artist Carlo Rambaldi created E.T.'s design.
Carlo Rambaldi, who designed the aliens for Close Encounters of the Third Kind, was hired to design the animatronics of E.T. Rambaldi's own painting Women of Delta led him to give the creature a unique, extendable neck.[10] Its face was inspired by those of Carl Sandburg, Albert Einstein and Ernest Hemingway.[13] Producer Kathleen Kennedy visited the Jules Stein Eye Institute to study real and glass eyes. She hired Institute staffers to create E.T.'s eyes, which she felt were particularly important in engaging the audience.[14] Four heads were created for filming, one as the main animatronic and the others for facial expressions, as well as a costume.[13] Two dwarfs, Tamara De Treaux and Pat Bilon,[8] as well as 12-year-old Matthew DeMeritt, who was born without legs,[15] took turns wearing the costume, depending on what scene was being filmed. DeMeritt actually walked on his hands and played all scenes where he walked awkwardly or fell over. The head was placed above that of the actors, and the actors could see through slits in its chest.[10] Caprice Roth, a professional mime, filled prosthetics to play E.T.'s hands.[14] The puppet was created in three months at the cost of $1.5 million.[16] Spielberg declared it was "something that only a mother could love".[10] Mars, Incorporated refused to allow M&M's to be used in the film, believing E.T. would frighten children. After Mars said "No", The Hershey Company was asked if Reese's Pieces could be used, and it agreed; this product placement resulted in a large increase in Reese's Pieces sales.[17] Science and technology educator Henry Feinberg created E.T.'s communicator device.[18][19]
Casting[edit]
Having worked with Cary Guffey on Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Spielberg felt confident in working with a cast composed mostly of child actors.[14] For the role of Elliott, he auditioned hundreds of boys[20] before Jack Fisk suggested Henry Thomas for the role because Henry had played the part of Harry in the film Raggedy Man which Jack Fisk had directed.[21] Thomas, who auditioned in an Indiana Jones costume, did not perform well in the formal testing, but got the filmmakers' attention in an improvised scene.[14] Thoughts of his dead dog inspired his convincing tears.[22] Robert MacNaughton auditioned eight times to play Michael, sometimes with boys auditioning for Elliott. Spielberg felt Drew Barrymore had the right imagination for mischievous Gertie after she impressed him with a story that she led a punk rock band.[10] He enjoyed working with the children, and he later said that the experience made him feel ready to be a father.[23]
The major voice work of E.T. for the film was performed by Pat Welsh. She smoked two packs of cigarettes a day, which gave her voice a quality that sound effects creator Ben Burtt liked. She spent nine-and-a-half hours recording her part, and was paid $380 by Burtt for her services.[8] He also recorded 16 other people and various animals to create E.T.'s "voice". These included Spielberg, Debra Winger, his sleeping wife, who had a cold, a burp from his USC film professor, raccoons, otters, and horses.[24][25]
Doctors working at the USC Medical Center were recruited to play the ones who try to save E.T. after government agents take over Elliott's house. Spielberg felt that actors in the roles, performing lines of technical medical dialogue, would come across as unnatural.[23] During post-production, he decided to cut a scene featuring Harrison Ford as the principal at Elliott's school. It featured his character reprimanding Elliott for his behavior in biology class and warning of the dangers of underage drinking. He is then taken aback as Elliott's chair rises from the floor, while E.T. is levitating his "phone" equipment up the stairs with Gertie.[10]
Filming[edit]
The film began shooting in September 1981.[26] The project was filmed under the cover name A Boy's Life, as Spielberg did not want anyone to discover and plagiarize the plot. The actors had to read the script behind closed doors, and everyone on set had to wear an ID card.[14] The shoot began with two days at a high school in Culver City, and the crew spent the next 11 days moving between locations at Northridge and Tujunga.[8] The next 42 days were spent at Culver City's Laird International Studios, for the interiors of Elliott's home. The crew shot at a redwood forest near Crescent City for the production's last six days.[8][9] The exterior Halloween scene and the "flying bicycle" chase scenes were filmed in Porter Ranch.[27] Spielberg shot the film in roughly chronological order to achieve convincingly emotional performances from his cast. In the scene in which Michael first encounters E.T., his appearance caused MacNaughton to jump back and knock down the shelves behind him. The chronological shoot gave the young actors an emotional experience as they bonded with E.T., making the quarantine sequences more moving.[23] Spielberg ensured the puppeteers were kept away from the set to maintain the illusion of a real alien. For the first time in his career, he did not storyboard most of the film, in order to facilitate spontaneity in the performances.[26] The film was shot so adults, except for Dee Wallace, are never seen from the waist up in its first half, as a tribute to Tex Avery's cartoons.[10] The shoot was completed in 61 days, four days ahead of schedule.[9] According to Spielberg, the memorable scene where E.T. disguises himself as a stuffed toy in Elliott's closet was suggested by colleague Robert Zemeckis, after he read a draft of the screenplay that Spielberg had sent him.[28]
Music[edit]
Main article: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (soundtrack)
Longtime Spielberg collaborator John Williams, who composed the film's musical score, described the challenge of creating one that would generate sympathy for such an odd-looking creature. As with their previous collaborations, Spielberg liked every theme Williams composed and had it included. Spielberg loved the music for the final chase so much that he edited the sequence to suit it.[29] Williams took a modernist approach, especially with his use of polytonality, which refers to the sound of two different keys played simultaneously. The Lydian mode can also be used in a polytonal way. Williams combined polytonality and the Lydian mode to express a mystic, dreamlike and heroic quality. His theme—emphasizing coloristic instruments such as the harp, piano, celesta, and other keyboards, as well as percussion—suggests E.T.'s childlike nature and his "machine".[30]
Allegations of plagiarism[edit]
There were allegations that the film was plagiarized from a 1967 script, The Alien, by Indian Bengali director Satyajit Ray. He stated, "E.T. would not have been possible without my script of The Alien being available throughout the United States in mimeographed copies." Spielberg denied this claim, stating, "I was a kid in high school when his script was circulating in Hollywood."[31] Director and Spielberg's friend, Martin Scorsese, has also alleged the film was influenced by Ray's script.[32] No legal action was taken, as Ray did not want to show himself as having a "vindictive" mindset against Spielberg and acknowledged that he "has made good films and he is a good director."[33]
In 1984, a federal appeals court ruled against playwright Lisa Litchfield, who sued Steven Spielberg in a $750 million lawsuit claiming he used her one-act musical play 'Lokey from Maldemar' as the basis for the movie E.T. She lost the case, with the court panel stating "No reasonable jury could conclude that Lokey and E.T. were substantially similar in their ideas and expression." "Any similarities in plot exist only at the general level for which (Ms. Litchfield) cannot claim copyright protection."[34]
Themes[edit]
Spielberg admitted this scene triggered speculation as to whether the film was a spiritual parable.[35]
Spielberg drew the story of the film from his parents' divorce;[36] Gary Arnold of The Washington Post called it "essentially a spiritual autobiography, a portrait of the filmmaker as a typical suburban kid set apart by an uncommonly fervent, mystical imagination".[37] References to his childhood occur throughout: Elliott fakes illness by holding a thermometer to the bulb in his lamp while covering his face with a heating pad, a trick frequently employed by the young Spielberg.[38] Michael picking on Elliott echoes Spielberg's teasing of his younger sisters,[10] and Michael's evolution from tormentor to protector reflects how Spielberg had to take care of his sisters after their father left.[23]
Critics have focused on the parallels between E.T.'s life and Elliott, who is "alienated" by the loss of his father.[39][40] A.O. Scott of The New York Times wrote that while E.T. "is the more obvious and desperate foundling", Elliott "suffers in his own way from the want of a home".[41] E.T. is the first and last letter of Elliott's name.[42] At the film's heart is the theme of growing up. Critic Henry Sheehan described the film as a retelling of Peter Pan from the perspective of a Lost Boy (Elliott): E.T. cannot survive physically on Earth, as Pan could not survive emotionally in Neverland; government scientists take the place of Neverland's pirates.[43] Vincent Canby of The New York Times similarly observed that the film "freely recycles elements from [...] Peter Pan and The Wizard of Oz".[44] Some critics have suggested that Spielberg's portrayal of suburbia is very dark, contrary to popular belief. According to A.O. Scott, "The suburban milieu, with its unsupervised children and unhappy parents, its broken toys and brand-name junk food, could have come out of a Raymond Carver story."[41] Charles Taylor of Salon.com wrote, "Spielberg's movies, despite the way they're often characterized, are not Hollywood idealizations of families and the suburbs. The homes here bear what the cultural critic Karal Ann Marling called 'the marks of hard use'."[36]
Other critics found religious parallels between E.T. and Jesus.[45][46] Andrew Nigels described E.T.'s story as "crucifixion by military science" and "resurrection by love and faith".[47] According to Spielberg biographer Joseph McBride, Universal Pictures appealed directly to the Christian market, with a poster reminiscent of Michelangelo's The Creation of Adam and a logo reading "Peace".[9] Spielberg answered that he did not intend the film to be a religious parable, joking, "If I ever went to my mother and said, 'Mom, I've made this movie that's a Christian parable,' what do you think she'd say? She has a Kosher restaurant on Pico and Doheny in Los Angeles."[35]
As a substantial body of film criticism has built up around the film, numerous writers have analyzed it in other ways as well. It has been interpreted as a modern fairy tale[48] and in psychoanalytic terms.[40][48] Producer Kathleen Kennedy noted that an important theme of E.T. is tolerance, which would be central to future Spielberg films such as Schindler's List.[10] Having been a loner as a teenager, Spielberg described it as "a minority story".[49] Spielberg's characteristic theme of communication is partnered with the ideal of mutual understanding: he has suggested that the story's central alien-human friendship is an analogy for how real-world adversaries can learn to overcome their differences.[50]
Reception[edit]
Release and sales[edit]
The film was previewed in Houston, Texas, where it received high marks from viewers.[9] It premiered at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival's closing gala,[51][52] and was released in the United States on June 11, 1982. It opened at number one with a gross of $11 million, and stayed at the top of the box office for six weeks; it then fluctuated between the first and second positions until October, before returning to the top spot for the final time in December.[53]
In 1983, E.T. surpassed Star Wars as the highest-grossing film of all-time,[54] and by the end of its theatrical run it had grossed $359 million in North America and $619 million worldwide.[3][55] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold more than 120 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[56] Spielberg earned $500,000 a day from his share of the profits,[57][58] while The Hershey Company's profits rose 65% due to its prominent use of Reese's Pieces.[17] The "Official E.T. Fan Club" offered photographs, a newsletter that let readers "relive the film's unforgettable moments [and] favorite scenes", and a phonographic record with "phone home" and other sound clips.[59]
The film was re-released in 1985 and 2002, earning another $60 million and $68 million respectively,[60][61] for a worldwide total of $792 million with North America accounting for $435 million.[3] It held the global record until it was surpassed by Jurassic Park—another Spielberg-directed film—in 1993,[62] although it managed to hold on to the domestic record for a further four years, where a Star Wars reissue reclaimed it.[63] It was eventually released on VHS and laserdisc on October 27, 1988; to combat piracy, the tapeguards and tape hubs on the videocassettes were colored green, the tape itself was affixed with a small, holographic sticker of the 1963 Universal logo (much like the holograms on a credit card), and encoded with Macrovision.[22] In North America alone, VHS sales came to $75 million.[64] In 1991, Sears began selling E.T. videocassettes exclusively at their stores as part of a holiday promotion.[65] It was reissued on VHS and Laserdisc again in 1996. The Laserdisc included a 90-minute documentary. Produced and directed by Laurent Bouzereau, it included interviews with Spielberg, producer Kathleen Kennedy, composer John Williams and other cast and crew members. It also included two theatrical trailers, an isolated music score, deleted scenes, and still galleries. The VHS included a 10-minute version of the same documentary from the Laserdisc.[66]
Critical response[edit]
Empire called Elliott and E.T.'s flight to the forest "the most magical moment in cinema history".[67] The image of them encircled by the moon is now the symbol for Spielberg's company Amblin Entertainment. This scene is a tribute to Vittorio De Sica's movie Miracle in Milan, one of Spielberg's favorite films.[68]
The film received universal acclaim. Roger Ebert gave the film four stars and wrote, "This is not simply a good movie. It is one of those movies that brush away our cautions and win our hearts."[51] He later added it to his Great Movies list, structuring the essay as a letter to his grandchildren about the first time they watched it.[69] Michael Sragow of Rolling Stone called Spielberg "a space age Jean Renoir.... for the first time, [he] has put his breathtaking technical skills at the service of his deepest feelings".[70] Derek Malcolm of The Guardian wrote that "E.T. is a superlative piece of popular cinema ... a dream of childhood, brilliantly orchestrated to involve not only children but anyone able to remember being one".[71] Leonard Maltin would include it in his list of "100 Must-See Films of the 20th Century" as one of only two movies from the 1980s.[72] George Will was one of the few to pan the film, feeling it spread subversive notions about childhood and science.[73]
The film holds a 98% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 120 reviews, and an average rating of 9.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads: "Playing as both an exciting sci-fi adventure and a remarkable portrait of childhood, Steven Spielberg's touching tale of a homesick alien remains a piece of movie magic for young and old."[74] On Metacritic, it has a weighted average score of 91/100, based on 30 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[75] In addition to the many impressed critics, President Ronald Reagan and First Lady Nancy Reagan were moved by it after a screening at the White House on June 27, 1982.[58] Princess Diana was in tears after watching it.[10] On September 17, 1982, it was screened at the United Nations, and Spielberg received a UN Peace Medal.[76] CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[77]
Accolades[edit]
The film was nominated for nine Oscars at the 55th Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Gandhi won that award, but its director, Richard Attenborough, declared, "I was certain that not only would E.T. win, but that it should win. It was inventive, powerful, [and] wonderful. I make more mundane movies."[78] It won four Academy Awards: Best Original Score, Best Sound (Robert Knudson, Robert Glass, Don Digirolamo and Gene Cantamessa), Best Sound Effects Editing (Charles L. Campbell and Ben Burtt), and Best Visual Effects (Carlo Rambaldi, Dennis Muren and Kenneth F. Smith).[79]
At the 40th Golden Globe Awards, the film won Best Picture in the Drama category and Best Score; it was also nominated for Best Director, Best Screenplay, and Best New Male Star for Henry Thomas. The Los Angeles Film Critics Association awarded the film Best Picture, Best Director, and a "New Generation Award" for Melissa Mathison.[80]
The film won Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Writing, Best Special Effects, Best Music, and Best Poster Art, while Henry Thomas, Robert McNaughton, and Drew Barrymore won Young Artist Awards. In addition to his Golden Globe and Saturn, composer John Williams won two Grammy Awards and a BAFTA for the score. It was also honored abroad: it won the Best Foreign Language Film award at the Blue Ribbon Awards in Japan, Cinema Writers Circle Awards in Spain, César Awards in France, and David di Donatello in Italy.[81]
In American Film Institute polls, the film has been voted the 24th greatest film of all time,[82] the 44th most heart-pounding,[83] and the sixth most inspiring.[84] Other AFI polls rated it as having the 14th greatest music score[85] and as the third greatest science-fiction one.[86] The line "E.T. phone home" was ranked 15th on AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes list,[87] and 48th on Premiere's top movie quote list.[88]
In 2005, it topped a Channel 4 poll of the 100 greatest family films,[89] and was also listed by Time as one of the 100 best movies ever made.[90]
In 2003, Entertainment Weekly called the film the eighth most "tear-jerking";[91] in 2007, in a survey of both films and television series, the magazine declared it the seventh greatest work of science-fiction media in the past 25 years.[92] The Times also named it as their ninth favorite alien in a film, calling it "one of the best-loved non-humans in popular culture".[93] It is among the top ten in the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14. In 1994, it was selected for preservation in the U.S. National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[94]
In 2011, ABC aired Best in Film: The Greatest Movies of Our Time, revealing the results of a poll of fans conducted by ABC and People magazine: it was selected as the fifth best film of all time and the second best science fiction film.[95]
On October 22, 2012, Madame Tussauds unveiled wax likenesses of E.T. at six of its international locations.[96]
20th anniversary version[edit]
The 20th anniversary version of the film replaces the guns used by the federal agents with walkie-talkies.
An extended version of the film, including altered special effects, premiered at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles on March 22, 2002. Certain shots of E.T. had bothered Spielberg since 1982, as he did not have enough time to perfect the animatronics. Computer-generated imagery (CGI), provided by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), was used to modify several shots, including ones of E.T. running in the opening sequence and being spotted in the cornfield. The spaceship's design was also altered to include more lights. Scenes shot for but not included in the original version were introduced. These included E.T. taking a bath, and Gertie telling Mary that Elliott went to the forest on Halloween. Spielberg did not add the scene featuring Harrison Ford, feeling that would reshape the film too drastically. He became more sensitive about the scene where gun-wielding federal agents confront Elliott and his escaping friends and had them digitally replaced with walkie-talkies.[10]
At the premiere, John Williams conducted a live performance of the score.[97] The new release grossed $68 million in total, with $35 million coming from Canada and the United States.[61] The changes to it, particularly the escape scene, were criticized as political correctness. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wondered, "Remember those guns the feds carried? Thanks to the miracle of digital, they're now brandishing walkie-talkies.... Is this what two decades have done to free speech?"[98] Chris Hewitt of Empire wrote, "The changes are surprisingly low-key...while ILM's CGI E.T. is used sparingly as a complement to Carlo Rambaldi's extraordinary puppet."[99] South Park ridiculed many of the changes in the 2002 episode "Free Hat".[100]
The two-disc DVD release which followed in October 22, 2002, contained the original theatrical and 20th Anniversary extended versions of the film. Spielberg personally demanded the release feature both versions.[101] The features on disc one included an introduction with Steven Spielberg, a 20th Anniversary premiere featurette, John Williams' performance at the 2002 premiere and a Space Exploration game. Disc two included a 24-minute documentary about the 20th Anniversary edition changes, a "Reunion" featurette, a trailer, cast and filmmaker bios, production notes, and the still galleries ported from the 1996 LaserDisc set. The two-disc edition, as well as a three-disc collector's edition containing a "making of" book, a certificate of authenticity, a film cell, and special features that were unavailable on the two-disc edition,[102] were placed in moratorium on December 31, 2002. Later, it was re-released on DVD as a single-disc re-issue in 2005, featuring only the 20th Anniversary version.
In a June 2011, interview, Spielberg said that in the future
There's going to be no more digital enhancements or digital additions to anything based on any film I direct.... When people ask me which E.T. they should look at, I always tell them to look at the original 1982 E.T. If you notice, when we did put out E.T. we put out two E.T.s. We put out the digitally enhanced version with the additional scenes and for no extra money, in the same package, we put out the original '82 version. I always tell people to go back to the '82 version.[103]
Other portrayals[edit]
Universal Studios Florida.
Atari, Inc. made a video game based on the film for the Atari 2600. Released in 1982, it was widely considered to be one of the worst video games ever made.[104]
William Kotzwinkle, author of the film's novelization, wrote a sequel, E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet, which was published in 1985. In the novel, E.T. returns home to the planet Brodo Asogi, but is subsequently demoted and sent into exile. He then attempts to return to Earth by effectively breaking all of Brodo Asogi's laws.[105]
E.T. Adventure, a theme park ride, debuted at Universal Studios Florida in June 7, 1990. The $40 million attraction features the title character saying goodbye to visitors by name.[9]
In 1998, E.T. was licensed to appear in television public service announcements produced by the Progressive Corporation. The announcements featured his voice reminding drivers to "buckle up" their seat belts. Traffic signs depicting a stylized E.T. wearing one were installed on selected roads around the United States.[106] The following year, British Telecommunications launched the "Stay in Touch" campaign, with him as the star of various advertisements. The campaign's slogan was "B.T. has E.T.", with "E.T." also taken to mean "extra technology".[107]
At Spielberg's suggestion, George Lucas included members of E.T.'s species as background characters in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.[108]
E.T. was one of the franchises featured in the 2016 crossover games Lego Dimensions. E.T. appears as one of the playable characters, and a world based off the movie where players can receive side quests from the characters is available.[109][110]
Cancelled sequel[edit]
In July 1982, during the film's first theatrical run, Steven Spielberg and Melissa Mathison wrote a treatment for a sequel to be titled E.T. II: Nocturnal Fears.[111] It would have shown Elliott and his friends getting kidnapped by evil aliens and follow their attempts to contact E.T. for help. Spielberg decided against pursuing it, feeling it "would do nothing but rob the original of its virginity".[112][113]
See also[edit]
List of films featuring extraterrestrials
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stewart, Jocelyn (February 10, 2008). "Artist created many famous film posters". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on June 11, 2013. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ "E.T. the Extra Terrestrial (U)". British Board of Film Classification. July 30, 1982. Archived from the original on January 11, 2017. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on January 24, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ "The 100 Greatest Movies". Empire.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies". www.afi.com.
Jump up ^ "Vertigo - Hollywood's 100 Favorite Films".
Jump up ^ McBride 1997, p. 72
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Brode, Douglas (1995). "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial". The Films of Steven Spielberg. Citadel. pp. 114–127. ISBN 0-8065-1540-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h McBride, Joseph (1997). Steven Spielberg. Faber and Faber. pp. 323–38. ISBN 0-571-19177-0.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: The 20th Anniversary Celebration (DVD). Universal, directed by Laurent Bouzereau. 2002.
^ Jump up to: a b c McBride, Joseph (January 4, 2011). Steven Spielberg: A Biography, Second Edition. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 323–38. ISBN 1-604-73836-7.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Deborah (May 23, 1983). "E.T. Gossip: The One That Got Away?". Los Angeles Times.
^ Jump up to: a b E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: Production Notes (DVD booklet)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Daly, Steve (March 22, 2002). "Starry Role". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on September 24, 2010. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Paul M. Sammon (January 11, 1983). "Turn on Your Heartlight – Inside E.T." Cinefex. Archived from the original on January 17, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Creating A Creature". Time. May 31, 1982. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved April 18, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b David van Biema (July 26, 1983). "Life is Sweet for Jack Dowd as Spielberg's Hit Film Has E.T. Lovers Picking up the (Reeses's) Pieces". People.
Jump up ^ Worsley 1997, p. 179
Jump up ^ "Biography". QRZ.com. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Brode 1995, p. 117
Jump up ^ Pierce, Tony (November 3, 2014). "How Steven Spielberg chose Henry Thomas to play Elliott in E.T." Archived from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Nathan, Ian (January 2003). "The 100 DVDs You Must Own". Empire. p. 27.
^ Jump up to: a b c d E.T. — The Reunion (DVD). Universal, directed by Laurent Bouzereau. 2002.
Jump up ^ "The Making of E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial"--from the "E.T. Signature Collection LaserDisc", MCA/Universal Home Video, 1996
Jump up ^ Jamieson, Natalie (July 16, 2008). "The man who brings movies to life". Newsbeat. Archived from the original on April 4, 2012. Retrieved July 17, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b David E. Williams (January 1983). "An Exceptional Encounter". American Cinematographer. pp. 34–7.
Jump up ^ "The Worldwide Guide To Movie Locations". Movie-Locations.com. Archived from the original on February 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ James Lipton (host). (2001). Inside the Actors Studio: Steven Spielberg. [Documentary]. Bravo.
Jump up ^ John Williams (2002). A Conversation with John Williams (DVD). Universal.
Jump up ^ Karlin, Fred, and Rayburn Wright. On the Track: A Guide to Contemporary Film Scoring. New York: Schirmer Books, 1990.
Jump up ^ Newman, John (September 17, 2001). "Satyajit Ray Collection receives Packard grant and lecture endowment". University of California, Santa Cruz. Archived from the original on November 4, 2005.
Jump up ^ "Ray influenced E.T says Martin Scorsese". The Times of India. May 19, 2010. Archived from the original on December 4, 2013. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Chhabra, Aseem (November 11, 2017). "The story of the similarities between Spielberg's E.T., and a Satyajit Ray script". The Hindu. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A federal appeals court Friday ruled against playwright Lisa..."
^ Jump up to: a b Crist, Judith (1984). "Take 22: Moviemakers on Moviemaking". Viking.
^ Jump up to: a b Taylor, Charles (March 22, 2002). "You can go home again". Salon. Archived from the original on August 2, 2008. Retrieved September 11, 2008.
Jump up ^ Arnold, Gary (June 6, 1982). "E.T. Steven Spielberg's Joyful Excursion, Back to Childhood, Forward to the Unknown". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ McBride 1997, p. 13
Jump up ^ Thomas A. Sebeok. "Enter Textuality: Echoes from the Extra-Terrestrial." In Poetics Today (1985), Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics. Published by Duke University Press.
^ Jump up to: a b Ilsa J. Beck, "The Look Back in E.T.," Cinema Journal 31(4) (1992): 25–41, 33.
^ Jump up to: a b Scott, A. O. (March 22, 2002). "Loss and Love, A Tale Retold". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 21, 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
Jump up ^ Wuntch, Philip (July 19, 1985). "Return of E.T.". The Dallas Morning News.
Jump up ^ Sheehan, Henry (May–June 1992). "The Panning of Steven Spielberg". Film Comment. Archived from the original on July 3, 2007. Retrieved July 16, 2007.
Jump up ^ Rubin 2001, p. 53
Jump up ^ Kauffmann, Stanley (July 27, 1982). "The Gospel According to St. Steven". The New Republic.
Jump up ^ Anton Karl Kozlovic. "The Structural Characteristics of the Cinematic Christ-figure," Archived February 23, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 8 (Fall 2004).
Jump up ^ Nigel Andrews. "Tidings of comfort and joy." Financial Times (December 10, 1982), I11
^ Jump up to: a b Andrew Gordon. "E.T. as a Fairy Tale," Science Fiction Studies 10 (1983): 298–305.
Jump up ^ Rubin 2001, p. 22
Jump up ^ Richard Schickel (interviewer) (July 9, 2007). Spielberg on Spielberg. Turner Classic Movies.
^ Jump up to: a b Ebert, Roger (August 9, 1985). "E.T.: The Second Coming". Movieline.
Jump up ^ "Festival de Cannes: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial". festival-cannes.com. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014. Retrieved June 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial — Weekend Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved April 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ Dirks, Tim. "Top Films of All-Time: Part 1 – Box-Office Blockbusters". Filmsite.org. Archived from the original on October 14, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Wuntch, Philip (July 19, 1985). "Return of E.T." The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "E.T.:The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on August 4, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Spielberg's Creativity". The New York Times. December 25, 1982. Archived from the original on June 5, 2009. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Callo, Jim (August 23, 1982). "Director Steven Spielberg Takes the Wraps Off E.T., Revealing His Secrets at Last". People.
Jump up ^ "Yours Free From E.T. With Membership". Ahoy! (advertisement). January 1984. p. 91. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ "E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial (Re-issue)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "E.T. (20th Anniversary)". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Jurassic Park (1993) – Miscellaneous notes". Turner Classic Movies. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Dirks, Tim. "Greatest Movie Series Franchises of All Time: The Star Wars Trilogy – Part IV". Filmsite.org. Archived from the original on October 3, 2013. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ Griffin, Nancy (June 1988). "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade". Premiere.
Jump up ^ CERONE, DANIEL (November 27, 1991). "'E.T.' . . . Call Sears : Giant Retailer Uses Giant Film to Ring in Holiday Ratings, Shoppers". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived from the original on August 29, 2016. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'E.T. the EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL' RETURNS; MULTI-MILLION DOLLAR CROSS PROMOTION WITH PILLSBURY ANNOUNCED". PR Newswire via the Free Online Library. Retrieved 2016-09-14.
Jump up ^ "50 Most Magical Movie Moments". Empire. January 2004. p. 127. "ET's bike flight 'cinema's most magical moment'". Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ "6 Iconic Scenes Ripped Off From Lesser-Known Movies". Cracked. Archived from the original on July 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger. "E.T. The Extra Terrestrial (2002)". RogerEbert.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2016. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sragow, Michael (July 8, 1982). "Extra-Terrestrial Perception". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ Malcolm, Derek (December 9, 1982). "Raiders of the Ugly Duckling". The Guardian. Archived from the original on August 25, 2016. Retrieved July 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Maltin, Leonard. "100 Must-See Films of the 20th Century". AMC Filmsite. Archived from the original on October 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Will, George (July 19, 1982). "Well, I Don't Love You, E.T.". Newsweek.
Jump up ^ "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Archived from the original on December 23, 2013. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (re-release) Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on October 28, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ "U.N. Finds E.T. O.K.". The Twilight Zone Magazine. February 1983.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (August 19, 2011). "Why CinemaScore Matters for Box Office". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on May 10, 2014. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Shay & Duncan 1993, p. 122
Jump up ^ "The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ "E.T. Awards". AllMovie. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Awards for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)". Internet Movie Database. Archived from the original on March 3, 2013. Retrieved May 12, 2007.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on April 3, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
Jump up ^ "America's Most Heart-Pounding Movies". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
Jump up ^ "America's Most Uplifting Movies". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on March 8, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on December 25, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2007.
Jump up ^ "AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres". American Film Institute. June 17, 2008. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2008.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved February 15, 2007.
Jump up ^ "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines". Premiere. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007. Retrieved April 26, 2007.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Family Films". Channel 4. Archived from the original on June 24, 2008. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Corliss, Richard (February 12, 2005). "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)". Time. Archived from the original on August 31, 2011. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ "#8 E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial". Entertainment Weekly. November 19, 2003. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved May 11, 2007.
Jump up ^ Kirschling, Gregory (May 7, 2007). "The Sci-Fi 25". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on May 8, 2007. Retrieved May 7, 2007.
Jump up ^ Moran, Michael (October 5, 2007). "The 40 most memorable aliens". The Times. London. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Films Selected to The National Film Registry, Library of Congress 1989–2006". National Film Registry of the Library of Congress. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved February 15, 2007.
Jump up ^ News, ABC. "Best in Film". Archived from the original on June 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "E.T. Immortalized In Wax Around The World". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Live at the Shrine! John Williams and the premiere of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (DVD). Universal. 2002.
Jump up ^ Travers, Peter (March 14, 2002). "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 14, 2009. Retrieved May 12, 2007.
Jump up ^ Hewitt, Chris. "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial: 20th Anniversary Special Edition". Empire. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved May 12, 2007.
Jump up ^ Trey Parker, Matt Stone (2002-07-10). "Free Hat". South Park. Season 6. Episode 88. Comedy Central.
Jump up ^ "How Does Spielberg Feel About Going Back and Changing Movies". YouTube. Archived from the original on October 22, 2013. Retrieved August 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Schuchardt, Richard (October 24, 2002). "E.T. – The 3 Disc Edition". DVD Active. Archived from the original on December 8, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2007.
Jump up ^ Quint (aka Eric Vespe) (June 3, 2011). "Spielberg Speaks! Jaws Blu-Ray in the Works with No 'Digital Corrections!". Ain't It Cool News. Archived from the original on October 24, 2013. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Warshaw, "Core Memory"
Jump up ^ Kotzwinkle 1985
Jump up ^ Madigan, Nick (December 28, 1998). "E.T. to drive home safe road message". Variety. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved November 26, 2006.
Jump up ^ "ET phones home again". BBC News. April 8, 1999. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved April 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bloom, David (June 13, 1999). "Calling the shots". Los Angeles Daily News.
Jump up ^ "LEGO Dimensions Expansions Trailer: Harry Potter, Goonies, Gremlins & more". Slashfilm.com. June 9, 2016. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "LEGO Dimensions Adds Fantastic Beasts, Adventue Time, Gremlins, Sonic & ET". Cosmic Book News. Archived from the original on November 22, 2016. Retrieved November 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Wampler, Scott (April 13, 2015). "The Incredibly Ill-Advised E.T. Sequel That Almost Was". Birth.Movies.Death. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ John M. Wilson (June 16, 1985). "E.T. Returns to Test His Midas Touch". Los Angeles Times. p. T22.
Jump up ^ "A look at the E.T. sequel we mercifully never saw". Blastr. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
Bibliography[edit]
Brode, Douglas (1995). The Films of Steven Spielberg. Carol Publishing. ISBN 0-8065-1951-7.
Kotzwinkle, William (1985). E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet. Berkley Books. ISBN 0-425-07642-3.
McBride, Joseph (1997). Steven Spielberg: A Biography. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80900-1.
Rubin, Susan Goldman (2001). Steven Spielberg. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-4492-8.
Shay, Don; Duncan, Jody (1993). The Making of Jurassic Park: An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making. Boxtree. ISBN 1-85283-774-8.
Worsley, Sue Dwiggins (1997). From Oz to E.T.: Wally Worsley's Half-Century in Hollywood. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-3277-1.
External links[edit]
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial on IMDb
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at AllMovie
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at the TCM Movie Database
E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial at the American Film Institute Catalog
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at Rotten Tomatoes
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at Box Office Mojo
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at Metacritic
Media related to E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at Wikimedia Commons
[show]
v
t
e
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
Other media
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (album)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (soundtrack)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (video game)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial in video games
Related articles
Atari video game burial
E.T. Adventure
Night Skies
[show]
v
t
e
Steven Spielberg
Filmography
Awards and nominations
Films directed
Firelight (1964)
Slipstream (1967)
Amblin' (1968)
Night Gallery ("Eyes" segment, 1969)
L.A. 2017 (1971)
Duel (1971)
Something Evil (1972)
Savage (1973)
The Sugarland Express (1974, also wrote)
Jaws (1975)
Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977, also wrote)
1941 (1979)
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
Twilight Zone: The Movie ("Kick the Can" segment, 1983)
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
The Color Purple (1985)
Empire of the Sun (1987)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
Always (1989)
Hook (1991)
Jurassic Park (1993)
Schindler's List (1993)
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)
Amistad (1997)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001, also wrote)
Minority Report (2002)
Catch Me If You Can (2002)
The Terminal (2004)
War of the Worlds (2005)
Munich (2005)
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
The Adventures of Tintin (2011)
War Horse (2011)
Lincoln (2012)
Bridge of Spies (2015)
The BFG (2016)
The Post (2017)
Ready Player One (2018)
Films written
Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies (1973)
Poltergeist (1982, also produced)
The Goonies (1985)
Films produced
An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991)
Memoirs of a Geisha (2005)
Flags of Our Fathers (2006)
Letters from Iwo Jima (2006)
Super 8 (2011)
The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014)
Television
Amazing Stories (1985–87)
High Incident (1996–97)
Invasion America (1998)
See also
Steven Spielberg bibliography
Amblin Partners
Amblin Entertainment
Amblin Television
DreamWorks Television
Amblimation
DreamWorks
USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education
[show]
Awards for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
[show]
v
t
e
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama
The Song of Bernadette (1943)
Going My Way (1944)
The Lost Weekend (1945)
The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)
Gentleman's Agreement (1947)
Johnny Belinda / The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)
All the King's Men (1949)
Sunset Boulevard (1950)
A Place in the Sun (1951)
The Greatest Show on Earth (1952)
On the Waterfront (1954)
East of Eden (1955)
Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)
The Defiant Ones (1958)
Ben-Hur (1959)
Spartacus (1960)
The Guns of Navarone (1961)
Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
The Cardinal (1963)
Becket (1964)
Doctor Zhivago (1965)
A Man for All Seasons (1966)
In the Heat of the Night (1967)
The Lion in Winter (1968)
Anne of the Thousand Days (1969)
Love Story (1970)
The French Connection (1971)
The Godfather (1972)
The Exorcist (1973)
Chinatown (1974)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
Rocky (1976)
The Turning Point (1977)
Midnight Express (1978)
Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)
Ordinary People (1980)
On Golden Pond (1981)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
Terms of Endearment (1983)
Amadeus (1984)
Out of Africa (1985)
Platoon (1986)
The Last Emperor (1987)
Rain Man (1988)
Born on the Fourth of July (1989)
Dances with Wolves (1990)
Bugsy (1991)
Scent of a Woman (1992)
Schindler's List (1993)
Forrest Gump (1994)
Sense and Sensibility (1995)
The English Patient (1996)
Titanic (1997)
Saving Private Ryan (1998)
American Beauty (1999)
Gladiator (2000)
A Beautiful Mind (2001)
The Hours (2002)
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
The Aviator (2004)
Brokeback Mountain (2005)
Babel (2006)
Atonement (2007)
Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
Avatar (2009)
The Social Network (2010)
The Descendants (2011)
Argo (2012)
12 Years a Slave (2013)
Boyhood (2014)
The Revenant (2015)
Moonlight (2016)
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film
Slaughterhouse-Five (1972)
Soylent Green (1973)
Rollerball (1974/1975)
Logan's Run (1976)
Star Wars (1977)
Superman (1978)
Alien (1979)
The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
Superman II (1981)
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)
Return of the Jedi (1983)
The Terminator (1984)
Back to the Future (1985)
Aliens (1986)
RoboCop (1987)
Alien Nation (1988)
Total Recall (1989/1990)
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1992)
Jurassic Park (1993)
Stargate (1994)
12 Monkeys (1995)
Independence Day (1996)
Men in Black (1997)
Armageddon/Dark City (1998)
The Matrix (1999)
X-Men (2000)
A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)
Minority Report (2002)
X2: X-Men United (2003)
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)
Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)
Children of Men (2006)
Cloverfield (2007)
Iron Man (2008)
Avatar (2009)
Inception (2010)
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
The Avengers (2012)
Gravity (2013)
Interstellar (2014)
Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (2016)
Portals
Access related topics
1980s portal
Film in the United States portal
Science fiction portal
Find out more on Wikipedia's
Sister projects
Media
from Commons
Textbooks
from Wikibooks
Quotations
from Wikiquote
Data
from Wikidata
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNF: cb119645562 (data)
GND: 4685519-1
LCCN: n83179501
VIAF: 175395600
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial&oldid=843118405"
Categories:
1982 films
English-language films
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
1980s science fiction films
1985 novels
Alien visitations in films
Amblin Entertainment films
American films
American science fiction films
Best Drama Picture Golden Globe winners
Fictional extraterrestrial characters
Films about Halloween
Films about suburbia
Films adapted into video games
Films directed by Steven Spielberg
Films involved in plagiarism controversies
Films produced by Kathleen Kennedy
Films produced by Steven Spielberg
Films scored by John Williams
Films set in the San Fernando Valley
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award
Films that won the Best Sound Editing Academy Award
Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award
Films that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award
Science fiction adventure films
Screenplays by Melissa Mathison
Telekinesis in film
United States National Film Registry films
Universal Pictures films
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Featured articles
Use mdy dates from October 2015
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
বাংলা
Български
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Latina
Latviešu
Magyar
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Simple English
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
ייִדיש
中文
37 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 May 2018, at 00:45.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This is a featured article. Click here for more information.

attrs: class id

value: i

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/ET_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
ET (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: colspan class style

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: sup

values:
/wiki/Universal_Studios
mw-redirect
Universal Studios

values:
/wiki/Sid_Sheinberg
mw-redirect
Sid Sheinberg

values:
/wiki/The_Alien_(1960s_film)
mw-redirect
The Alien (1960s film)

values:
/wiki/Houston,_Texas
mw-redirect
Houston, Texas

values:
/wiki/Empire_(magazine)
mw-redirect
Empire (magazine)

values:
/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound
mw-redirect
Academy Award for Best Sound

values: Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama

values: Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score

values: Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year – Actor

values: Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Film

values: Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Director

values:
/wiki/Saturn_Awards
mw-redirect
Saturn Awards

values: Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film

values: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)

values: Best in Film: The Greatest Movies of Our Time

values: List of video games notable for negative reception

values: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace

values: List of films featuring extraterrestrials

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.afi.com/100Years/movies.aspx

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.cinefex.com/et/et15.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.qrz.com/db/?callsign=k2ssq

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.filmsite.org/maltin2.html

values:
/wiki/Fandango_Media
mw-redirect
Fandango Media

values:
/wiki/Internet_Movie_Database
mw-redirect
Internet Movie Database

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.afi.com/100Years/cheers.aspx

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.afi.com/100Years/scores.aspx

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.loc.gov/film/nfrchron.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.aintitcool.com/node/49897

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: -moz-column-width: 60em; -webkit-column-width: 60em; column-width: 60em;

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083866/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v15032

values: Template talk:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial

values: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial in video games

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: List of awards and nominations received by Steven Spielberg

values: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:Golden Globe Award Best Motion Picture Drama

values: Template talk:Golden Globe Award Best Motion Picture Drama

values:
/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(1950_film)
mw-redirect
Sunset Boulevard (1950 film)

values:
/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones_(film)
mw-redirect
The Defiant Ones (film)

values: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King

values: Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

values: Template:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film

values: Template talk:Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film

values: Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Portal:Science_fiction
mw-redirect
Portal:Science fiction

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4685519-1

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/175395600

values: Category:Best Drama Picture Golden Globe winners

values: Category:Films directed by Steven Spielberg

values: Category:Films involved in plagiarism controversies

values: Category:Films produced by Kathleen Kennedy

values: Category:Films produced by Steven Spielberg

values: Category:Films set in the San Fernando Valley

values: Category:Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award

values: Category:Films that won the Best Sound Editing Academy Award

values: Category:Films that won the Best Sound Mixing Academy Award

values: Category:Films that won the Best Visual Effects Academy Award

values: Category:Science fiction adventure films

values: Category:Screenplays by Melissa Mathison

values: Category:United States National Film Registry films

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Use mdy dates from October 2015

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: إي تي (فيلم) – Arabic

values: ইটি দি এক্সট্রা-টেরেস্ট্রিয়াল – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values: Извънземното – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.T.
E.T. – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values: Ε.Τ. ο Εξωγήινος – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: ئی.تی. موجود فرازمینی – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.T.
E.T. – Korean
ko
ko
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: ई.टी. द एक्स्ट्रा-टेर्रेस्ट्रियल – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.T.
E.T. – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values: אי.טי. - חבר מכוכב אחר – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: უცხოპლანეტელი (ფილმი) – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.T.
E.T. – Japanese
ja
ja
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.T.
E.T. – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values: ਈ.ਟੀ. ਦ ਐਕਸਟ੍ਰਾ ਟੈਰੈਸਟ੍ਰੀਅਲ – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Инопланетянин (фильм) – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial – Simple English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: Е. Т. ванземаљац – Serbian

values: E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial – Serbo-Croatian

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.T.
E.T. – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: ஈ.டி. த எக்ஸ்ரா டெரஸ்ரியல் (திரைப்படம்) – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values: อี.ที. เพื่อนรัก – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.T.
E.T. – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values: Іншопланетянин (фільм) – Ukrainian

values: אי.טי. דער עקסטרא-טערעסטריאלער – Yiddish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yi
display: none;

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-E_T_the_Extra-Terrestrial rootpage-E_T_the_Extra-Terrestrial skin-vector action-view