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The Shakespeare Portal
William Shakespeare (/ˈʃeɪkspɪər/; 26 April 1564 (baptised) – 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, the authorship of some of which is uncertain. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.
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Selected article
Shakespeare's sonnets, or simply The Sonnets comprise a collection of 154 poems in sonnet form written by William Shakespeare that deal with such themes as love, beauty, politics, and mortality. The poems were probably written over a period of several years. All but two first appeared in a 1609 collection; numbers 138 ("When my love swears that she is made of truth") and 144 ("Two loves have I, of comfort and despair") had previously been published in a 1599 miscellany entitled The Passionate Pilgrim.
The Sonnets were published under conditions that have become unclear to history. For example, there is a mysterious dedication at the beginning of the text wherein a certain "Mr. W.H." is described as "the only begetter" of the poems by the publisher Thomas Thorpe, but it is not known who this man was. (A popular contender is Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, right.) Also, although the works were written by William Shakespeare, it is not known if the publisher used an authorized manuscript from him, or an unauthorized copy.
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Did you know...
that the tragic ending of Shakespeare's King Lear was found to be so distasteful that it was replaced on stage for over 150 years by Nahum Tate's adaptation, with a happy ending and a love story?
that the classical unities are only observed by two of Shakespeare's plays, The Comedy of Errors (one of his first) and The Tempest (among his last)?
that the 18th-century play Double Falshood, claimed by its author Lewis Theobald to be reconstructed from manuscripts by the Bard, may be all that remains of the lost Shakespeare play Cardenio?
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Quotes
“
For God's sake, let us sit upon the ground
And tell sad stories of the death of kings:
How some have been depos'd, some slain in war,
Some haunted by the ghosts they have depos'd,
Some poison'd by their wives, some sleeping kill'd;
All murder'd: for within the hollow crown
That rounds the mortal temples of a king
Keeps Death his court.
”
Richard II, Act. 3, Sc. 2
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Selected picture
Shakespeare's coat of arms
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Plays in focus
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Comedies
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William Shakespeare's All's Well That Ends Well
Characters
Bertram
Countess of Roussillon
Helen
Rinaldo
Lavatch
Paroles
King of France
Lafeu
Duke of Florence
Widow
Diana
Mariana
Sources
The Decameron (c.1353)
Palace of Pleasure (1566)
Adaptations
All's Well That Ends Well (1981; TV)
Related
Shakespearean problem play
Diana
Alazôn
Bed trick
[show]
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William Shakespeare's As You Like It
Characters
Rosalind
Orlando
Celia
Jaques
Touchstone
Screen
1912
1936
1978 (TV)
1994 (TV)
2006
Related
"All the world's a stage"
[show]
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William Shakespeare's The Comedy of Errors
Characters
Antipholus of Syracuse
Antipholus of Ephesus
Dromio of Syracuse
Dromio of Ephesus
Adriana
Luciana
Egeon
Emilia
Solinus
Sources
Menaechmi
Amphitryon
Apollonius of Tyre
Opera and musicals
Gli equivoci (1786)
The Boys from Syracuse (1938)
Pozdvižení v Efesu (1943)
The Comedy of Errors (1976)
The Bomb-itty of Errors (2000)
Film/TV
The Boys from Syracuse (1940)
Bhranti Bilas (1963)
Do Dooni Char (1968)
Angoor (1982)
The Comedy of Errors (1983; TV)
Big Business (1988)
Ulta Palta (1997)
Bade Miyan Chote Miyan (1998)
Dam Dama Dam (1998)
Ulta Palta (1998)
Heeralal Pannalal (1999)
Double Di Trouble (2014)
Related
Classical unities
Gesta Grayorum (1688)
The Flying Karamazov Brothers
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William Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost
Characters
King Ferdinand of Navarre
Lord Berowne
Lord Longaville
Lord Dumaine
Princess of France
Lady Rosaline
Lady Maria
Lady Katharine
Boyet
Don Adriano de Armado
Moth
Sir Nathaniel
Holofernes
Dull
Costard
Jaquenetta
Marcadé
Adaptations
Love's Labor Lost (animated; 1920)
Love's Labour's Lost (opera; 1973)
Love's Labour's Lost (TV; 1985)
Love's Labour's Lost (film; 2000)
Related
Love's Labour's Won
Honorificabilitudinitatibus
Nine Worthies
The School of Night
Robert Tofte
The Princess (poem; 1847)
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William Shakespeare's Measure for Measure
Characters
Angelo
Adaptations
The Law Against Lovers (1662)
Das Liebesverbot (1834)
Round Heads and Pointed Heads (1936)
Measure for Measure (1943)
Measure for Measure (1979; TV)
Desperate Measures (2004)
Art
Mariana (Millais)
Related
Mariana (Tennyson)
Bletting
Bed trick
Shakespearean problem play
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William Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice
Characters
Shylock
Antonio
Portia
Jessica
Sources
Gesta Romanorum (late 13th century)
Il Pecorone (late 14th century) by Giovanni Fiorentino
The Jew of Malta (1590) by Christopher Marlowe
On screen
1914
1916
1923
Shylock (1941)
1961
1969
1980 (TV)
2004
One Man Band (unfinished)
Adaptations
Le marchand de Venise (1935, opera)
Shylock (1987, musical)
The Merchant of Venice (1982, opera)
Derivative works
Serenade to Music (1938)
Shylock (1996)
Yasser (2001)
The Maori Merchant of Venice (2002)
Related
"All that glitters is not gold"
"All the world's a stage"
"Between you and I"
Quibble
Letter and spirit of the law
"Ding Dong Bell"
"The quality of mercy"
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William Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor
Characters
Falstaff
Mistress Quickly
Ancient Pistol
Bardolph
Robert Shallow
Corporal Nym
Film/Television
The Merry Wives of Windsor (1950)
Overture to The Merry Wives of Windsor (1953)
The Merry Wives of Windsor (1982; TV)
Opera/Musical
Falstaff (1799)
The Merry Wives of Windsor (1849)
Falstaff (1893)
Sir John in Love (1929)
Lone Star Love (2004)
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William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream
Characters
Lovers
Theseus and Hippolyta
Oberon and Titania
Hermia and Lysander
Helena and Demetrius
Mechanicals
Nick Bottom
Peter Quince
Francis Flute
Robin Starveling
Tom Snout
Snug
Other characters
Puck
Egeus
Philostrate
Film
1909
1935
1959
1968
1999
Television
1969
1980
1992
1994
2016
Stage
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1970, play)
The Park (1983, play)
The Donkey Show (1999, musical)
The Dreaming (2001, musical)
Ballet
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1962)
The Dream (1964)
Opera
The Fairy-Queen (1692)
Pyramus and Thisbe (1745)
Puck (1949)
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1960, opera)
The Enchanted Island (2011)
Film adaptations
Wood Love (1925)
Dream of a Summer Night (1983)
Get Over It (2001)
A Midsummer Night's Rave (2002)
Midsummer Dream (2005)
Were the World Mine (2008)
Strange Magic (2015)
Other adaptations
The Triumph of Beauty (1646)
St. John's Eve (1852)
"Fascination" (1994)
Literature
A Midsummer Tempest (1974)
A Midsummer Night's Gene (1997)
A Midsummer's Nightmare (1997)
Lords and Ladies (1992)
The Great Night (2011)
Comics
Auberon
Faerie
Titania
Music
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1842, Mendelssohn)
Wedding March (1842, Mendelssohn)
Three Shakespeare Songs (1951)
Symphony No. 8 (1992, Henze)
Il Sogno (2004)
Art
Hermia and Lysander
The Quarrel of Oberon and Titania
Scene from A Midsummer Night's Dream
Related
The Sandman: Dream Country (1991)
Pyramus and Thisbe
Mechanical
Love-in-idleness
The Apartment (1996)
Wicker Park (2004)
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William Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing
Characters
Don Pedro
Dogberry
Adaptations
Screen
1984 (TV)
1993
2005 (TV)
2012
Opera
Béatrice et Bénédict (1862)
Much Ado About Nothing (opera) (1901)
Musical
Much Ado (1995)
The Boys Are Coming Home (2005)
Adaptations
The Law Against Lovers (1662)
Dil Chahta Hai (2001)
Related
Dogberryism
"Curiosity killed the cat"
Pleaching
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William Shakespeare's Pericles, Prince of Tyre
Characters
John Gower
Diana
Sources
Confessio Amantis (1390)
The Pattern of Painful Adventures (1576)
Adaptations
Pericles, Prince of Tyre (1984; TV)
Related
George Wilkins
Shakespeare's late romances
Shakespeare Apocrypha
Apollonius of Tyre
The Pattern of Painful Adventures (2008; radio)
First water
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William Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew
Characters
Katherina Minola
Petruchio
Bianca Minola
Baptista Minola
Christopher Sly
Stage adaptations
The Woman's Prize (c1611)
Catharine and Petruchio (1754)
Las bravías (1896)
Der Widerspänstigen Zähmung (1872)
Sly, ovvero La leggenda del dormiente risvegliato (1927)
Kiss Me, Kate (1948)
The Taming of the Shrew (1953)
Ukroshchenye Stroptivoy (1957)
Christopher Sly (1963)
Direct adaptations
1908
1929
1962 (TV)
1967
1980 (TV)
1994 (TV)
Other adaptations
Daring Youth (1924)
You Made Me Love You (1933)
Second Best Bed (1938)
Kiss Me Kate (1953)
Abba Aa Hudugi (1959)
Gundamma Katha (1962)
Manithan Maravillai (1962)
McLintock! (1963)
Arivaali (1963)
Pattikada Pattanama (1972)
Il Bisbetico Domato (1980)
Nanjundi Kalyana (1989)
10 Things I Hate About You (1999)
O Cravo e a Rosa (2000; TV)
Deliver Us from Eva (2003)
The Taming of the Shrew (2005; TV)
Frivolous Wife (2008)
10 Things I Hate About You (2009; TV)
Isi Life Mein (2010)
Related
The Taming of the Shrew in performance
The Taming of the Shrew on screen
Shrew (stock character)
Induction
Love-in-idleness
[show]
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William Shakespeare's The Tempest
Characters
Prospero
Miranda
Ariel
Caliban
Sycorax
Ferdinand
Gonzalo
Stephano
Sources
A True Reportory of the Wracke and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, Knight
Decades of the New World
Montaigne's Essays
Ovid's Metamorphoses
Erasmus's Naufragium
Commedia dell'arte
Sea Venture
Films
1911
1963
1979
1980
1992
2010
Adaptations
Music
Three Shakespeare Songs (Vaughan Williams)
The Tempest (Sullivan)
The Tempest (Sibelius)
The Tempest (Tchaikovsky)
The Tempest (ballet) (Nordheim)
"Don't Pay the Ferryman" (1982)
Screen
Yellow Sky (1948)
Forbidden Planet (1956)
Tempest (1982)
The Journey to Melonia (1989)
Prospero's Books (1991)
Painting
Scene from Shakespeare's The Tempest (Hogarth)
Ferdinand Lured by Ariel (Millais)
Musicals
Beach Blanket Tempest
Return to the Forbidden Planet
Amaluna
Plays
The Tempest (Dryden)
The Sea Voyage
The Mock Tempest (1674 Duffet)
Une Tempête (1969 Césaire)
The Sea (play) (1973)
I'll Be The Devil (2008)
Opera
The Tempest (1756 Smith)
Die Geisterinsel (libretto 1796)
Die Geisterinsel (1798 Reichardt)
Die Geisterinsel (1805 Zumsteeg)
Der Sturm (1955 Martin)
Noises, Sounds & Sweet Airs (1991 Nyman)
The Tempest (Adès 2004)
The Enchanted Island (2011 Sams)
Poetry and
prose fiction
Caliban upon Setebos (Browning)
The Sea and the Mirror (Auden)
Indigo (Warner)
A Midsummer Tempest (Anderson)
Island (Rogers)
Hag-Seed (Atwood)
Phrases
"Ariel's Song"
"Brave new world"
"Ding Dong Bell"
"Full fathom five"
"Sea change"
"What's past is prologue"
Sculpture
The Tempest (1966)
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William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night
Characters
Viola
Orsino
Olivia
Sebastian
Malvolio
Maria
Sir Toby Belch
Sir Andrew Aguecheek
Feste
On screen
1933
1955
1966
1980 (TV)
1986
1988 (TV)
1992 (TV)
1996
Musical
Your Own Thing (1968)
Music Is (1976)
Play On! (1997)
Illyria (2004)
All Shook Up (2004)
Adaptations
Just One of the Guys (1985)
Motocrossed (2001)
She's the Man (2006)
Dil Bole Hadippa! (2009)
Opera
Viola (unfinished)
Story within a story
"Grace" (2011)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's The Two Gentlemen of Verona
Characters
Valentine
Proteus
Julia
Silvia
Launce
Speed
Crab
Sources
The Boke Named the Governour (1531)
Los Siete Libros de la Diana (1559)
Euphues, The Anatomy of Wit (1578)
The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia (1580)
Theatrical adaptations
Two Gentlemen of Verona (1971)
Screen adaptations
A Spray of Plum Blossoms (1931)
The Two Gentlemen of Verona (TV; 1983)
Related
Proteus
Jorge de Montemor
Stuart Draper
"An Sylvia" (1826)
Shakespeare in Love (1998)
The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia? (2002)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's The Two Noble Kinsmen
Characters
Theseus
Hippolyta
Emilia
Pirithous
Palamon
Arcite
Hymen
Lafeu
Artesius
Valerius
Jailer
Doctor
Gerald
Nell
Timothy
Sources
"The Knight's Tale"
The Canterbury Tales
Related
Shakespeare Apocrypha
Shakespeare's late romances
John Fletcher
Creon
William Davenant
Stoolball
The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn (1613)
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William Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale
Characters
Leontes
Perdita
Florizel
Sources
The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia (c.1580)
Pandosto (1588)
Oberon, the Faery Prince (1611)
Adaptations
The Winter's Tale (1910)
The Winter's Tale (1967)
The Winter's Tale (1981)
"The Winter's Tale" (1994)
Operas
The Winter's Tale (2017)
[show]
Histories
[show]
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William Shakespeare's King John
Characters
King John
Queen Eleanor
Prince Henry
Blanche of Castile
Earl of Essex
Earl of Salisbury
Earl of Pembroke
Lord Bigot
Philip Faulconbridge
King Philip of France
Louis the Dauphin
Lady Constance
Arthur
Cardinal Pandulf
Hubert
Sources
Holinshed's Chronicles (1577)
The Troublesome Reign of King John (c.1589)
Adaptations
King John (1899)
The Life and Death of King John (1984; TV)
Related
King Johan
Cultural depictions of John of England
Anglo-French War (1213–14)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Edward III
Characters
English
Edward III
Queen Philippa
Edward, the Black Prince
Earl of Salisbury
Countess of Salisbury
Earl of Warwick
Sir William Montague
Earl of Derby
Lord Audley
Lord Percy
Robert of Artois
Lord Montfort
French
King John II of France
Prince Charles
Prince Philip
Duke of Lorraine
King of Bohemia
Scottish
King David of Scotland
Sir William Douglas
Sources
Froissart's Chronicles (c.1370)
Palace of Pleasure (1566)
Holinshed's Chronicles (1577)
Related
Shakespeare Apocrypha
Thomas Kyd
George Peele
Robert Greene
Hundred Years' War
Battle of Halidon Hill
Siege of Calais
Battle of Crécy
Battle of Poitiers
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Henriad
Richard II
Henry IV, Part 1
Henry IV, Part 2
Henry V
Characters and events
Richard II
Richard II
Henry Bolingbroke
Duke of York
Earl of Northumberland
Duke of Aumerle
John of Gaunt
Queen (unnamed composite of Anne of Bohemia and Isabella of Valois)
Henry 'Hotspur' Percy
Duchess of York (unnamed composite of Infanta Isabella of Castile and Joan Holland)
Duchess of Gloucester
Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk
Bishop of Carlisle
Duke of Surrey
Bushy
Bagot
Green
Lord Ross
Earl of Salisbury
Lord Berkeley
1 Henry IV
Henry IV
Prince Hal
Henry 'Hotspur' Percy
Sir John Falstaff
Ned Poins
Mistress Quickly
Bardolph
Thomas Percy, Earl of Worcester
Earl of Douglas
Sir Walter Blunt
Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland
Lady Percy
Earl of Westmorland
Owen Glendower
Edmund Mortimer
Lady Mortimer
Archbishop of York
John, Duke of Bedford
Battle of Humbleton Hill
Battle of Shrewsbury
2 Henry IV
Henry IV
Prince Hal
Sir John Falstaff
Ned Poins
Ancient Pistol
Bardolph
Mistress Quickly
Doll Tearsheet
Robert Shallow
Earl of Westmorland
Archbishop of York
John, Duke of Bedford
Earl of Warwick
Lord Chief Justice
Lord Bardolf
Earl of Northumberland
Lord Mowbray
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
Thomas, Duke of Clarence
Earl of Surrey
Rumour
Henry V
Henry V
King of France
Louis the Dauphin
Fluellen
Ancient Pistol
Mistress Quickly
Bardolph
Corporal Nym
Katharine
Constable of France
Chorus
Duke of Exeter
John, Duke of Bedford
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
Thomas, Duke of Clarence
Earl of Westmorland
Duke of Orléans
Duke of Burgundy
Duke of York
Earl of Salisbury
Earl of Warwick
Duke of Bourbon
Archbishop of Canterbury
Bishop of Ely
Queen Isabel
Earl of Cambridge
Lord Scroop
Sir Thomas Grey
Michael Williams
Sir Thomas Erpingham
Duke of Berry
Battle of Agincourt
On screen
Richard II
An Age of Kings (1960; TV)
The Life and Death of King Richard II (1960; TV)
King Richard the Second (1978; TV)
Richard the Second (2001)
The Hollow Crown: Richard II (2012; TV)
1 Henry IV
An Age of Kings (1960; TV)
Chimes at Midnight (1966)
The First Part of King Henry the Fourth, with the life and death of Henry surnamed Hotspur (1979; TV)
The Hollow Crown: Henry IV, Part 1 (2012; TV)
2 Henry IV
An Age of Kings (1960; TV)
Chimes at Midnight (1966)
The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth containing his Death: and the Coronation of King Henry the Fift (1979; TV)
The Hollow Crown: Henry IV, Part 2 (2012)
Henry V
Henry V (1944)
An Age of Kings (1960; TV)
Chimes at Midnight (1966)
The Life of Henry the Fift (1979; TV)
Henry V (1989)
The Hollow Crown: Henry V (2012)
Sources
Holinshed's Chronicles
The Famous Victories of Henry V (c.1585)
Thomas of Woodstock/Richard the Second, Part One (c.1593)
Related plays
The Merry Wives of Windsor (c.1597)
Sir John Oldcastle (1599)
Falstaff's Wedding (1760)
Related music
Falstaff (1913)
At the Boar's Head (1925)
Suite from Henry V (1963)
Historical context
Hundred Years' War
Wars of the Roses
Divine right of kings
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
John Oldcastle
[show]
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William Shakespeare's first historical tetralogy
Henry VI, Part 1
Henry VI, Part 2
Henry VI, Part 3
Richard III
Characters and events
1 Henry VI
Henry VI
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
Duke of Exeter
Lord Talbot
Duke of Bedford
Richard, Duke of York
Bishop of Winchester
Earl of Suffolk
Duke of Somerset (conflation of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset)
Earl of Warwick
Earl of Salisbury
John Talbot
Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of Sir Edmund Mortimer and Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March)
Sir John Fastolf
Charles the Dauphin
Joan la Pucelle
Margaret of Anjou
Reignier, Duke of Anjou
Duke of Alençon
Bastard of Orléans
Duke of Burgundy
Jacques d'Arc
Siege of Orléans
Battle of Patay
2 Henry VI
Henry VI
Queen Margaret
Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
Richard, Duke of York
Earl of Salisbury
Earl of Warwick
Cardinal of Winchester
Duke of Suffolk
Duke of Buckingham
Jack Cade
Duke of Somerset (conflation of John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset and Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset)
Duchess of Gloucester
Edward Plantagenet
Richard Plantagenet
Lord Clifford
Young Clifford
Margery Jourdayne
Lord Saye
Lord Scales
First Battle of St Albans
Peasants' Revolt
3 Henry VI
Henry VI
Queen Margaret
Richard, Duke of York
Earl of Warwick
Edward IV
Richard, Duke of Gloucester
George, Duke of Clarence
Edward, Prince of Wales
Lord Clifford
Lady Grey
Montague
Earl of Oxford
Duke of Somerset (conflation of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset and Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset)
Lord Hastings
Sir William Stanley
Earl of Northumberland
Duke of Exeter
Duke of Norfolk
Earl of Westmorland
Lord Rivers
Edmund, Earl of Rutland
Henry, Earl of Richmond
Louis XI of France
Bona of Savoy
Prince Edward
Earl of Pembroke
Lord Stafford
Lord Bourbon
Battle of Towton
Battle of Barnet
Battle of Wakefield
Second Battle of St Albans
Battle of Tewkesbury
Richard III
Richard III
Duke of Buckingham
Queen Elizabeth
Duchess of York
Queen Margaret
Lady Neville
George, Duke of Clarence
Edward IV
Lord Hastings
Lord Stanley, Earl of Derby
Henry Tudor, Earl of Richmond
Sir William Catesby
Sir Richard Ratcliffe
Lord Rivers
Marquis of Dorset
Sir James Tyrrell
Lord Richard Grey
Prince Edward
Richard, Duke of York
Earl of Warwick
Countess of Salisbury
Duke of Norfolk
Archbishop of Canterbury
Archbishop of York
Earl of Surrey
Sir Thomas Vaughan
Sir Christopher
Robert Brackenbury
Lord Lovel
Ghost of Henry VI
Ghost of Edward, Prince of Wales
Lord Mayor of London
Earl of Oxford
Sir James Blunt
Sir William Brandon
Bishop of Ely
Sheriff of Wiltshire
Wars of the Roses
Princes in the Tower
Battle of Bosworth Field
On screen
1 Henry VI
An Age of Kings (1960; TV)
The Wars of the Roses (1965; TV)
The First Part of Henry the Sixt (1983; TV)
The Hollow Crown: Henry VI, Part 1 (2016; TV)
2 Henry VI
An Age of Kings (1960; TV)
The Wars of the Roses (1965; TV)
The Second Part of Henry the Sixt (1983; TV)
The Hollow Crown: Henry VI, Part 1 & Henry VI, Part 2 (2016; TV)
3 Henry VI
An Age of Kings (1960; TV)
The Wars of the Roses (1965; TV)
The Third Part of Henry the Sixt (1983; TV)
The Hollow Crown: Henry VI, Part 2 (2016; TV)
Richard III
The Life and Death of King Richard III (1912)
Richard III (1955)
An Age of Kings (1960; TV)
The Wars of the Roses (1965; TV)
The Tragedy of Richard III (1983; TV)
"The Foretelling" (1983; TV)
"King Richard III" (1994; TV)
Richard III (1995)
Looking for Richard (1996)
Richard III (2008)
The Hollow Crown: Richard III (2016; TV)
Sources
The Mirror for Magistrates (1559)
Holinshed's Chronicles (1577)
Richardus Tertius (1580)
The Spanish Tragedy
The True Tragedy of Richard III (c.1590)
Historical context
Hundred Years' War
Wars of the Roses
House of Plantagenet
House of York
House of Lancaster
Related
"Even a worm will turn"
The Tragical History of King Richard the Third (1699)
David Garrick as Richard III (1745)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Henry VIII
Characters
Henry VIII
Cardinal Wolsey
Queen Katherine
Anne Bullen
Duke of Buckingham
Thomas Cranmer
Stephen Gardiner
Lord Chamerlain
Duke of Norfolk
Duke of Suffolk
Earl of Surrey
Cardinal Campeius
Capucius
Thomas Cromwell
Lord Sands
Lord Abergavenny
Lord Chancellor
Bishop of Lincoln
Thomas Lovell
Henry Guildford
Nicholas Vaux
Anthony Denny
Dr. Butts
Garter King-of-Arms
Sources
Thomas Wolsey, Late Cardinall, his Lyffe and Deathe (1558)
Holinshed's Chronicles (1577)
Adaptations
Henry VIII (1911)
The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight (1979)
Related
John Fletcher
Cultural depictions of Henry VIII of England
Globe Theatre
[show]
Tragedies
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra
Characters
Mark Antony
Octavius Caesar
Lepidus
Cleopatra
Sextus Pompey
Domitius Enobarbus
Ventidius
Canidius
Scarus
Octavia
Maecenas
Agrippa
Taurus
Dolabella
Gallus
Menas
Charmian
Sources
Parallel Lives
Stage adaptations
The False One (c.1620)
All for Love (1677)
Opera
Antony and Cleopatra (1966)
On screen
1908
1913
1959 (TV)
The Spread of the Eagle (1963; TV)
1972
1974 (TV)
1981 (TV)
Related
Cultural depictions of Cleopatra
Cultural depictions of Augustus
Salad days
Asp
Thomas North
Cleopatra (1912)
Cleopatra (1917)
Roman Tragedies (2007)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Coriolanus
Characters
Historical
Caius Martius Coriolanus
Menenius Agrippa
Cominius
Titus Lartius
Sicinius Velutus
Junius Brutus
Tullus Aufidius
Fictional
Volumnia
Virgilia
Sources
Roman Antiquities
Parallel Lives
Ab Urbe Condita
Policraticus
A Mervalious Combat of Contrarieties (William Averell)
Adaptations
Coriolanus (1953)
The Spread of the Eagle (1963; TV)
The Tragedy of Coriolanus (1984; TV)
Coriolanus (2011)
Related
Veturia
Thomas North
Roman Tragedies (2007)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Cymbeline
Characters
Cymbeline
Queen
Imogen
Posthumus Leonatus
Cloten
Belarius
Guiderius
Arvirargus
Jupiter
Sources
Historia Regum Britanniae (c. 1136)
The Decameron (c. 1353)
Holinshed's Chronicles (1577)
Adaptations
Cymbeline (1982; TV)
Cymbeline (2014)
Related
Shakespeare's late romances
Philaster (c.1609)
Deus ex machina
Milford Haven
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Hamlet
Characters
Hamlet
Claudius
Gertrude
Ghost
Polonius
Laertes
Ophelia
Horatio
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
Fortinbras
The Gravediggers
Yorick
Soliloquies
"To be, or not to be"
"Mortal coil"
"What a piece of work is a man"
"Speak the speech"
Words and phrases
"The lady doth protest too much, methinks"
"Thy name is"
"Primrose path"
Terminology
Dumbshow
Induction
Quiddity
Substitution
Sources
Criticism
Legend of Hamlet
The Spanish Tragedy
Ur-Hamlet
Critical approaches
Bibliographies
Horwendill
Saxo Grammaticus
House of Gonzaga
Damon and Pythias
Influence
Common phrases from Hamlet
Hamlet in popular culture
References to Ophelia
Language of flowers
Human skull symbolism
Performances
Moscow Art Theatre (1911–1912)
Richard Burton (1964)
On screen
1900
1907
1908
1912
1913
1917
1921
1935
1948
1954
1961
1964
1969
1974
1990
1996
2000
2011
Adaptations
Films
The Rest Is Silence (1959)
The Bad Sleep Well (1960)
Ophelia (1963)
Johnny Hamlet (1968)
One Hamlet Less (1973)
The Angel of Vengeance – The Female Hamlet (1977)
Strange Brew (1983)
Hamlet Goes Business (1987)
The Lion King (1994)
Let the Devil Wear Black (1999)
The Banquet (2006)
Tardid (2009)
Karmayogi (2012)
Haider (2014)
Hamlet A.D.D. (2014)
Ophelia (2018)
The Lion King (2019)
Novels
Gertrude and Claudius (2000)
Dating Hamlet (2002)
Ophelia's Revenge (2003)
The Dead Fathers Club (2006)
Something Rotten (2007)
Hamlet's Father (2008)
The Story of Edgar Sawtelle (2008)
Hamlet Had an Uncle
Plays
Hamletmachine (1977)
Dogg's Hamlet (1979)
Fortinbras (1991)
Musicals
Rockabye Hamlet (1973)
The Lion King (1997)
Television
Hamlet (Australian TV, 1959)
Hamlet at Elsinore (BBC, 1964)
Hamlet, Prince of Denmark (BBC, 1980)
Hamlet (BBC 2, animated, 1992)
Hamlet (BBC 2, 2009)
Parodies
15-Minute Hamlet
The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (Abridged)
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern
Io, Amleto
The Klingon Hamlet
"Lyle the Kindly Viking"
To Be or Not to Be: That is the Adventure
"Tales from the Public Domain"
Songs
"My Robin is to the Greenwood Gone" (16th century)
"Pull Me Under" (1992)
"Song for Athene" (1997)
Opera/classical
Hamlet (Thomas)
Amleto (Faccio)
Hamlet (Tchaikovsky)
Tristia (Berlioz)
Die Hamletmaschine (Rihm)
Hamlet (Dean)
Story within a story
Films
To Be or Not to Be (1942)
Acting Hamlet in the Village of Mrdusa Donja (1973)
To Be or Not to Be (1983)
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead (1990)
Highlander II: The Quickening (1991)
Last Action Hero (1993)
Renaissance Man (1994)
In the Bleak Midwinter (1995)
War (2002)
Hamlet 2 (2008)
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Undead (2009)
Three Days (2012)
Plays
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead (1966)
Stage Blood (1974)
I Hate Hamlet (1991)
To Be or Not to Be (2008)
Novels
Hamlet, Revenge! (1937)
Theatre of War (1994)
"The Undiscovered" (1997)
The Shakespeare Stealer (1998)
Interred with Their Bones (2007)
Television
"The Producer" (1966)
"The Conscience of the King" (1966)
"Born to Be King" (1983)
"Terrance and Phillip: Behind the Blow" (2001)
Slings & Arrows (2003)
Art
Ophelia
Affe mit Schädel
Video game
Last Action Hero (1993)
Hamlet (2010)
Intertextuality
Asterix and the Great Crossing
The Seagull
Sharpe's Havoc
Related
Hamlet and Oedipus
Hamlet and His Problems
Hebenon
Hamlet Q1
Ostalo je ćutanje
The Chronicles of Amber
"Symphony No. 65" (Haydn)
The Hobart Shakespeareans
Gertrude – The Cry
Poor Murderer
Something Rotten!
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar
Characters
Julius Caesar
Mark Antony
Octavius
Lepidus
Flavius
Marullus
Cicero
Calpurnia
Portia
Cinna
Titinius
Messala
Young Cato
Volumnius
Conspirators
Marcus Brutus
Cassius
Casca
Decius Brutus
Cinna
Metellus Cimber
Trebonius
Caius Ligarius
Sources
Parallel Lives
On screen
1950
1953
The Spread of the Eagle (1963; TV)
1970
1979 (TV)
1994 (TV)
Adaptations
La morte di Cesare (1788)
Shakespeare Writing "Julius Caesar" (1907)
Caesar (1937)
Die Ermordung Cäsars (1959)
Dead Caesar (2007)
The Karaoke King (2007)
Roman Tragedies (2007)
Quotes
"The dogs of war"
"Et tu, Brute?"
"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears"
"Greek to me"
Music
Julius Caesar (overture, 1851)
Related
Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar
Assassination of Julius Caesar
Caesar's Comet
Ides of March
Battle of Philippi
Me and Orson Welles (2008)
Caesar Must Die (2012)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's King Lear
Characters
King Lear
Cordelia
Goneril
Regan
Edmund
Sources
Historia Regum Britanniae (1136)
The Mirror for Magistrates (1555)
Holinshed's Chronicles (1577)
King Leir (1594)
"Water and Salt"
Related
Llŷr
Leir of Britain
Cordelia of Britain
Adaptations
Plays
The History of King Lear (1681)
The Yiddish King Lear (1892)
Safed Khoon (1907)
Lear (1971)
Novels
La Terre (1887)
A Thousand Acres (1991)
Fool (2009)
Opera
Re Lear (Libretto only) (1896)
Lear (1978)
Kuningas Lear (2000)
Films
King Lear (1910)
King Lear (1916)
Gunasundari Katha (1949)
King Lear (1971 USSR)
King Lear (1971 UK)
Ran (1985)
King Lear (1987)
A Thousand Acres (1997)
Gypsy Lore (1997)
King Lear (1999)
My Kingdom (2001)
Second Generation (2003)
Life Goes On (2009)
Television
King Lear (1953)
BBC Television Shakespeare (1982)
King Lear (1983)
King of Texas (2002)
King Lear (2008)
King Lear (2018)
Story within a story
The Dresser (1980 play)
The Dresser (1983 film)
The Dresser (2015 film)
Other
Tiriel (1789, poem)
The Prince of the Pagodas (1957, ballet)
The Tragedy of King Lear (screenplay)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Macbeth
Characters
Macbeth
Lady Macbeth
Banquo
Macduff
King Duncan
Malcolm
Donalbain
Three Witches
Fleance
Lady Macduff
Macduff's son
Third Murderer
Young Siward
Inspirations
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Gruoch of Scotland
Duncan I of Scotland
Malcolm III of Scotland
Donald III of Scotland
Siward, Earl of Northumbria
King James VI and I
Sources
Daemonologie (1597)
The Witch (play)
Holinshed's Chronicles
Darraðarljóð
Film
1908
1909 (French)
1909 (Italian)
1911
1913
1915
1916
1922
1948
1971
2006
2015
Cancelled (Olivier)
Television
1954
1960 US TV
1960 Australian TV
1961
1979
1982
1983
1992
2005
2010
TV / film adaptations
The Real Thing at Last (1916)
Marmayogi (1951)
Joe MacBeth (1955)
Throne of Blood (1957)
Macbeth (Verdi opera) (1987)
Men of Respect (1990)
Scotland, PA (2001)
Makibefo (2001)
Maqbool (2003)
Shakespeare Must Die (2012)
Veeram (2016)
Plays
Voodoo Macbeth (1936)
MacBird! (1967)
uMabatha (1970)
Macbett (1972)
Cahoot's Macbeth (1979)
MacHomer (1995)
Sleep No More (2003)
Sleep No More (2009)
Dunsinane (2010)
Sleep No More (2011)
Just Macbeth!
Operas
Macbeth (1847, Verdi)
discography
Macbeth (1910, Bloch)
Literary adaptations
Wyrd Sisters (1988)
The Last King of Scotland (1998)
The Tragedy of Macbeth Part II (2008)
Albums
Music from Macbeth (1972)
Macbeth (1990)
Thane to the Throne (2000)
Shakespeare's Macbeth – A Tragedy in Steel (2003)
Lady Macbeth (2005)
Art
Pity (1795)
The Night of Enitharmon's Joy (1795)
Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth (1889)
Scenes and speeches
"On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth" (1823)
Sleepwalking Scene (5.1)
"Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow"
Words and phrases
"What's done is done"
"Crack of doom"
"Strange but true"
The Scottish Play
Thane of Cawdor
Story within a story
We Work Again
Light Thickens
The Deadly Affair
"The Movies"
"Sleeping with the Enemy"
"The Shower Principle"
Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine
The Scottish Play
Burke & Hare
Episodes
"A Witch's Tangled Hare" (1959, Looney Tunes)
"The Bellero Shield" (1964, The Outer Limits)
"Sense and Senility" (1987, Blackadder the Third)
"The Coup" (2006, The Office)
"Dial "N" for Nerder" (2008, The Simpsons)
"Four Great Women and a Manicure" (2009, The Simpsons)
"The Understudy" (2014, Inside No. 9)
Other
Macbeth (Strauss)
The Scottish Play
Piano Trios, Op. 70 (Beethoven)
The Ruins of Cawdor
House of Cards (UK, 1990)
House of Cards (US, 2013–present)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Othello
Characters
Othello
Desdemona
Iago
Cassio
Emilia
Bianca
Roderigo
Brabantio
Other characters
Source
Della descrittione dell’Africa (1550) by Leo Africanus
"Un Capitano Moro" from Gli Hecatommithi (1565) by Giovanni Battista Giraldi
Sampiero Corso
Opera and
ballet adaptations
Otello (1816; opera)
Otello (1887; opera)
Othello (1892; overture)
The Moor's Pavane (1949; ballet)
Othello (1998; ballet score)
Bandanna (1999; opera)
Films
1922
1951
1955
1965
1995
TV
1965
1981
1990
1994
2001
Stage adaptations
Masquerade (1835)
Othello (1951)
Catch My Soul (US; 1969)
Catch My Soul (UK; 1970)
Film adaptations
Jubal (1956)
All Night Long (1962)
Catch My Soul (1974)
Kaliyattam (1997)
O (2001)
Eloise (2002)
Souli (2004)
Omkara (2006)
Jarum Halus (2008)
From Verdi
Otello (1906; film)
Othello Ballet Suite/Electronic Organ Sonata No. 1 (1967; ballet suite)
Otello (1986; film)
The Othello Syndrome (2008; album)
Art
Othello
Phrases
"Beast with two backs"
Related
Othello error
Filming Othello
Red Velvet
The Duke of Milan
Love's Sacrifice
Desdemona
Goodnight Desdemona
Story within a story
Carnival (1921 film)
Carnival (1931 film)
The Deceiver (1931)
Men Are Not Gods (1936)
A Double Life (1947)
Saptapadi (1961)
The Dresser (1980 play)
The Dresser (1983 film)
An Imaginary Tale (1990)
The Dresser (2015 film)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
Characters
Romeo
Juliet
Mercutio
Tybalt
Benvolio
Friar Laurence
Nurse
Paris
Rosaline
Queen Mab
Atomy
Sources
The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet
Pyramus and Thisbe
Palace of Pleasure
Troilus and Criseyde
Ballets
Romeo and Juliet (1938, Prokofiev)
Romeo and Juliet (1962, Cranko)
Romeo and Juliet (1965, MacMillan)
Romeo and Juliet (1977, Nureyev)
Romeo and Juliet (1965, Lavery)
Radio and Juliet (2005)
Romeo + Juliet (2007, Martins)
Romeo and Juliet (2008, Pastor)
Operas
Romeo und Julie (1776, Benda)
Giulietta e Romeo (1796, Zingarelli)
Giulietta e Romeo (1825, Vaccai)
I Capuleti e i Montecchi (1830, Bellini)
Gloria (1874, Cilea)
Roméo et Juliette (1867, Gounod)
A Village Romeo and Juliet (1907, Delius)
Romeo und Julia (1940, Sutermeister)
Musicals
The Belle of Mayfair (1906)
West Side Story (1957)
Once on This Island (1990)
Roméo et Juliette, de la Haine à l'Amour (2001)
Giulietta e Romeo (2007)
Classical
Beethoven's String Quartet No. 1 (c. 1800)
Roméo et Juliette (1839, Berlioz)
Romeo and Juliet (1870, Tchaikovsky)
On screen
1900
1908
1916 Metro Pictures
1916 Fox
1936
1953
1954
1955
1964
1968
1978 (TV)
1992 (TV)
1996
2006
2007
2013
Film
adaptations
English
Beneath the 12-Mile Reef (1953)
Romanoff and Juliet (1961)
West Side Story (1961)
Gonks Go Beat (1965)
Lonesome Cowboys (1968)
Romie-0 and Julie-8 (TV; 1979)
The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet (1982)
Valley Girl (1983)
Bullies (1986)
China Girl (1987)
Romeo.Juliet (1990)
Tromeo and Juliet (1996)
Love Is All There Is (1996)
Rose by Any Other Name... (1997)
The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998)
Shakespeare in Love (1998)
The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns (1999)
Romeo Must Die (2000)
Brooklyn Babylon (2001)
Pizza My Heart (TV; 2005)
West Bank Story (2005)
Life and Lyrics (2006)
Romeo & Juliet: Sealed with a Kiss (2006)
Rome & Jewel (2006)
David & Fatima (2008)
The Cross Road (2008)
Vicious Circle (2008)
Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)
Private Romeo (2011)
Warm Bodies (2013)
Make Your Move (2013)
Romeo & Juliet (2013)
Hindi
Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981)
Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988)
Saudagar (1991)
Kuch Tum Kaho Kuch Hum Kahein (2002)
Bollywood Queen (2002)
Ishaqzaade (2012)
Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela (2013)
Issaq (2013)
Telugu
Maro Charitra (1978)
Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi (1996)
Kalisundam Raa (2000)
Maro Charitra (2010)
Spanish
Romeo and Juliet (1940)
Los Tarantos (1963)
30:e november (Swedish/Spanish 1995)
Amar te duele (2002)
Italian
Fury of Johnny Kid (1967)
Ma che musica maestro (1971)
Portuguese
Mônica e Cebolinha: No Mundo de Romeu e Julieta (1979)
O Casamento de Romeu e Julieta (2005)
Other
Ambikapathy (Tamil 1937)
Les amants de Vérone (French 1949)
Romeo, Juliet and Darkness (Czech 1960)
The Phantom Lover (Mandarin 1995)
Chicken Rice War (Cantonese/English 2000)
Ondagona Baa (Kannada 2003)
Mamay (Ukrainian 2003)
The District! (Hungarian 2004)
In Fair Palestine: A Story of Romeo and Juliet (2006)
The Bubble (Hebrew/Arabic 2006)
Priyatama (Marathi 2014)
Arshinagar (Bengali 2015)
Eeda (Malayalam 2017)
The Sea Prince and the Fire Child (Japanese 1981)
TV series
Sons and Daughters (1982)
Family and Friends (1990)
Villa Quintana (1995)
Yo amo a Paquita Gallego (1998)
Skin (2003)
A Touch Away (2006)
Dangerous (2007)
Romeo × Juliet (2007)
Romeo y Julieta (2007)
Saints & Sinners (2007)
Harina de otro costal (2010)
Villa Quintana (2013)
Westside (2013 pilot)
Star-Crossed (2014)
Still Star-Crossed (2017)
Plays
Romanoff and Juliet (1956)
Romeo and Juliet (2013)
Songs
Lan và Điệp (1930s)
"Montagues and Capulets" (1935)
"Fever" (1956)
Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet (1968)
"(Don't Fear) The Reaper" (1976)
"Angelo" (1978)
"Romeo and Juliet" (1978)
"Romeo and Juliet" (1981)
"Cherish" (1989)
"Amor Prohibido" (1994)
"Kissing You" (1996)
"Exit Music" (1997)
"Romeo and Juliet" (1998)
"Starcrossed" (2004)
"Peut-être toi" (2006)
"Mademoiselle Juliette" (2007)
"Love Story" (2008)
"Love Me Again"
"Laal Ishq"
"Mor Bani Thanghat Kare"
"Nagada Sang Dhol"
"Ram Chahe Leela" (2013)
Albums
Romeo and Juliet (1968)
Romeo + Juliet (1996)
Romeo & Julia (2006)
Tragic Lovers (2008)
Literature
Les Chouans
The Wandering Jew (1844)
The Stolen Dormouse (1941)
The Faraway Lurs (1963)
Romiette and Julio (2001)
New Moon (2006)
Warm Bodies (2010)
Art
Romeo and Juliet: the Tomb Scene (1790)
Romeo and Juliet (1978)
Phrases
"Star-crossed"
"A rose by any other name would smell as sweet"
Story within
a story
Nicholas Nickleby
1912 film
1947 film
1980 play
2001 film
2002 film
The Picture of Dorian Gray
1910 film
1913 film
1915 film
1916 film
1917 film
1918 film
1945 film
1976 TV special
2009 film
Harlequinade
W Juliet
"Nothing Broken but My Heart"
Panic Button
Bare: A Pop Opera
""Into the Light"
Bolji život
The Sky Is Everywhere
Pay as You Exit
The White Mercedes
She Died a Lady
"Moonshine River"
Rendez-vous
Fame
"I Am Unicorn"
The Frog Prince
Molly
Smart Girls Get What They Want
Tumbleweeds
"The Thief of Baghead"
The Songs of a Sentimental Bloke
Prince Charming
Km. 0
Phileine Says Sorry
Hamateur Night
"Say You'll Be Mine"
Into the Gauntlet
Wandering Son
K-On!
Foreign
stories
Adam Khan and Durkhanai
Tum Teav
Yusuf Khan and Sherbano
Solomon & Gaenor
Butterfly Lovers
Hani and Sheh Mureed
Lục Vân Tiên
film
Teav Aek
Layla and Majnun
Lovers of Teruel
film
Lord Saltoun and Auchanachie
Ishaqzaade
Other
Such Tweet Sorrow
Romeo and Juliet effect
After Juliet
"Upper West Side Story" (2012)
Millennium Dome Show
Inge Sylten and Heinz Drosihn
Boys Don't Cry
My Wedding and Other Secrets
Donkey in Lahore
Upside Down
Letters to Juliet
Sherlock Gnomes
Book:Romeo and Juliet
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Timon of Athens
Characters
Timon
Alcibiades
Apemantus
Sources
Palace of Pleasure (1566)
Adaptations
Timon (1973)
Timon of Athens (1981)
Revisions
The History of Timon of Athens the Man-hater (1677)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus
Characters
Titus Andronicus
Tamora
Aaron
Lavinia
Emperor Saturninus
Marcus
Lucius
Sources
Ab Urbe Condita (c.26 BC)
Metamorphoses (c.AD 8)
Thyestes (first century AD)
Gesta Romanorum (late third century AD)
Adaptations
Titus Andronicus (1985; TV)
Titus (1999)
"Scott Tenorman Must Die" (2001; TV)
The Hungry (2017)
Related
Peacham drawing
Authorship question
Themes
"Titus Andronicus' Complaint"
George Peele
Philomela
Thyestes
Revenge play
Grand Guignol
Gorboduc (1561)
Edmund Ironside (1590)
Jan Vos
Titus (soundtrack)
[show]
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William Shakespeare's Troilus and Cressida
Characters
Trojans
Priam
Hector
Deiphobus
Helenus
Paris
Troilus
Cassandra
Andromache
Aeneas
Pandarus
Cressida
Calchas
Helen
Greeks
Agamemnon
Menelaus
Nestor
Ulysses
Achilles
Patroclus
Diomedes
Ajax
Thersites
Myrmidons
Sources
Troilus and Criseyde
Troy Book
Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye
Adaptations
The Face of Love (1954, TV)
Troilus and Cressida (1981, TV)
Related
Trojan War
Trojan War in popular culture
Achilles and Patroclus
Shakespearean problem play
"Bitch"
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List of Prime Ministers of India by longevity
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of Indian Prime Ministers by longevity. Where the person in question is still living, the longevity is calculated up to 16 June 2018.
Two measures of the longevity are given - this is to allow for the differing number of leap days occurring within the life of each Prime Minister. The first column is the number of days between date of birth and date of death, allowing for leap days; the second column breaks this number down into years and days, with the years being the number of whole years the Prime Minister lived, and the days being the remaining number of days after his/her last birthday.
Age of the Prime Ministers when assuming office is shown in this bar chart. It is not quite a bell curve (mean age is 64.62 years and is marked by red line).
If a Prime Minister served more than one non-consecutive term, the dates listed below are for the beginning of their first term, and the end of their final term.
The median age at which a Prime Minister first takes office is roughly 64 years and 8 months, which falls between Gulzarilal Nanda and Chandra Shekhar. The youngest person to become Prime Minister was Rajiv Gandhi, who became Prime Minister at the age of 40 years, 72 days. The oldest person to become Prime Minister was Morarji Desai, who became Prime Minister at the age of 81 years, 23 days.
The oldest living Prime Minister is Atal Bihari Vajpayee, born 25 December 1924 (aged 93 years, 173 days). The youngest living Prime Minister is the incumbent Narendra Modi, born 17 September 1950 (aged 67 years, 272 days).
The longest lived Prime Minister was Gulzarilal Nanda, who lived to the age of 99 years, 195 days. (Nanda, a cabinet minister, served as acting Prime Minister when both Jawaharlal Nehru and Lal Bahadur Shastri died in office). Morarji Desai was the second-longest lived Prime Minister, and the longest lived elected Prime Minister lived to the age of 99 years, 41 days, only 154 days short of matching Nanda. The shortest lived Prime Minister was Rajiv Gandhi, who was assassinated at the age of 46 years, 274 days.
Narendra Modi (17 September 1950) is the first Prime Minister of India to be born after the Independence of India. All other former Prime Ministers were born before the Independence of India. Before him, Rajiv Gandhi was the last born Prime Minister (20 August 1944), but he was assassinated in 1991.
Prime Ministers of India[edit]
#
Prime Minister
Date of birth
Start date
of (first) term
Age at beginning
of (first) term
End date
of (final) term
Total time
in office
Date of death
Lifespan
1 Nehru, JawaharlalJawaharlal Nehru 1889-11-14(1889-11-14)14 November 1889 15 August 1947 (1947-08-15) 57-2747004210920000000000♠57 years, 274 days 27 May 1964 (1964-05-27)[1] 06,1306,130 days 1964-05-27(1964-05-27)27 May 1964 27,222 days (7004272220000000000♠74 years, 195 days)
2 Shastri, Lal BahadurLal Bahadur Shastri 1904-10-02(1904-10-02)2 October 1904 9 June 1964 (1964-06-09) 59-2517004218000000000000♠59 years, 251 days 11 January 1966 (1966-01-11)[1] 00,581581 days 1966-01-11(1966-01-11)11 January 1966 22,381 days (7004223810000000000♠61 years, 101 days)
3 Nanda, GulzarilalGulzarilal Nanda 1898-07-04(1898-07-04)4 July 1898 27 May 1964 (1964-05-27) 65-3287004240680000000000♠65 years, 328 days 24 January 1966 (1966-01-24) 00,02626 days 1998-01-15(1998-01-15)15 January 1998 36,354 days (7004363540000000000♠99 years, 195 days)
4 Gandhi, IndiraIndira Gandhi 1917-11-19(1917-11-19)19 November 1917 24 January 1966 (1966-01-24) 48-0667004175980000000000♠48 years, 66 days 31 October 1984 (1984-10-31)[1] 05,8295,829 days 1984-10-31(1984-10-31)31 October 1984 24,453 days (7004244530000000000♠66 years, 347 days)
5 Desai, MorarjiMorarji Desai 1896-02-29(1896-02-29)29 February 1896 24 March 1977 (1977-03-24) 81-0237004296080000000000♠81 years, 24 days 28 July 1979 (1979-07-28) 00,856856 days 1995-04-10(1995-04-10)10 April 1995 36,199 days (7004361990000000000♠99 years, 41 days)
6 Singh, CharanCharan Singh 1902-12-23(1902-12-23)23 December 1902 28 July 1979 (1979-07-28) 76-2177004279760000000000♠76 years, 217 days 14 January 1980 (1980-01-14) 00,170170 days 1987-05-29(1987-05-29)29 May 1987 30,838 days (7004308380000000000♠84 years, 157 days)
7 Gandhi, RajivRajiv Gandhi 1944-08-20(1944-08-20)20 August 1944 31 October 1984 (1984-10-31) 40-0727004146820000000000♠40 years, 72 days 2 December 1989 (1989-12-02) 01,8581,858 days 1991-05-21(1991-05-21)21 May 1991 17,075 days (7004170750000000000♠46 years, 274 days)
8 Singh, V. P.V. P. Singh 1931-06-25(1931-06-25)25 June 1931 2 December 1989 (1989-12-02) 58-1607004213450000000000♠58 years, 160 days 10 November 1990 (1990-11-10) 00,343343 days 2008-11-27(2008-11-27)27 November 2008 28,280 days (7004282800000000000♠77 years, 155 days)
9 Shekhar, ChandraChandra Shekhar 1927-07-01(1927-07-01)1 July 1927 10 November 1990 (1990-11-10) 63-1327004231430000000000♠63 years, 132 days 21 June 1991 (1991-06-21) 00,223223 days 2007-07-08(2007-07-08)8 July 2007 29,227 days (7004292270000000000♠80 years, 7 days)
10 Rao, P. V. NarasimhaP. V. Narasimha Rao 1921-06-28(1921-06-28)28 June 1921 21 June 1991 (1991-06-21) 69-3587004255600000000000♠69 years, 358 days 16 May 1996 (1996-05-16) 01,7911,791 days 2004-12-23(2004-12-23)23 December 2004 30,494 days (7004304940000000000♠83 years, 178 days)
11 Vajpayee, Atal BihariAtal Bihari Vajpayee 1924-12-25(1924-12-25)25 December 1924 16 May 1996 (1996-05-16) 71-1437004260750000000000♠71 years, 143 days 22 May 2004 (2004-05-22) 02,2722,272 days 2018-06-16 34,141 days (7004341410000000000♠93 years, 173 days)
12 Gowda, H. D. DeveH. D. Deve Gowda 1933-05-18(1933-05-18)18 May 1933 1 June 1996 (1996-06-01) 63-0147004230250000000000♠63 years, 14 days 21 April 1997 (1997-04-21) 00,324324 days 2018-06-16 31,075 days (7004310750000000000♠85 years, 29 days)
13 Gujral, I. K.I. K. Gujral 1919-12-04(1919-12-04)4 December 1919 21 April 1997 (1997-04-21) 77-1387004282630000000000♠77 years, 138 days 19 March 1998 (1998-03-19) 00,332332 days 2012-11-30(2012-11-30)30 November 2012 33,965 days (7004339650000000000♠92 years, 362 days)
14 Singh, Dr. ManmohanManmohan Singh 1932-09-26(1932-09-26)26 September 1932 22 May 2004 (2004-05-22) 71-2397004261710000000000♠71 years, 239 days 26 May 2014 (2014-05-26) 03,6553,656 days 2018-06-16 31,309 days (7004313090000000000♠85 years, 263 days)
15 Modi, NarendraNarendra Modi 1950-09-17(1950-09-17)17 September 1950 26 May 2014 (2014-05-26) 63-2517004232620000000000♠63 years, 251 days NA 00,8891,482 days 2018-06-16 24,744 days (7004247440000000000♠67 years, 272 days)
See also[edit]
Prime Minister of India
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Died in office on this date.
show
v
t
e
Prime Minister of India
Jawaharlal Nehru
Gulzarilal Nanda (acting)
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Gulzarilal Nanda (acting)
Indira Gandhi
Morarji Desai
Charan Singh
Rajiv Gandhi
V. P. Singh
Chandra Shekhar
P. V. Narasimha Rao
Atal Bihari Vajpayee
H. D. Deve Gowda
I. K. Gujral
Manmohan Singh
Narendra Modi
List
List by longevity
Official residence
PM's Office
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_India_by_longevity&oldid=842789931"
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Eastern Time Zone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the Eastern Time Zone of Australia, see Time in Australia.
"Eastern Daylight Time" and "Eastern Daylight Savings Time" redirect here. For the Eastern Daylight Time Zone of Australia, see Daylight saving time in Australia.
Eastern Time Zone
Eastern Time Zone
UTC offset
EST
UTC−05:00
EDT
UTC−04:00
Current time
16:46, 29 August 2018 EDT [refresh]
Observance of DST
DST is observed in parts of this time zone.
The Eastern Time Zone (ET) is a time zone encompassing 17 U.S. states in the eastern part of the contiguous United States, parts of eastern Canada, the state of Quintana Roo in Mexico, Panama in Central America, and the Caribbean Islands.
Places that use Eastern Standard Time (EST) when observing standard time (autumn/winter) are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC−05:00).
Eastern Daylight Time (EDT), when observing daylight saving time DST (spring/summer) is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC−04:00).
In the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2:00 a.m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3:00 a.m. EDT leaving a one-hour "gap". On the first Sunday in November, at 2:00 a.m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1:00 a.m. EST, thus "duplicating" one hour. Southern parts of the zone (Panama and the Caribbean) do not observe daylight saving time.
Contents
1 History
2 Daylight Saving Time
3 Canada
4 United States
5 Mexico
6 Caribbean Islands
7 Central and South America
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
The boundaries of the Eastern Time Zone have moved westward since the Interstate Commerce Commission took over time-zone management from railroads in 1938. For example, the easternmost and northernmost counties in Kentucky were added to the zone in the 1940s, and in 1961 most of the state went Eastern. In 2000, Wayne County, on the Tennessee border, switched from Central to Eastern.[1] In March 2018, the Florida Legislature passed a bill requesting authorization from Congress for year-round daylight savings time, which would effectively put Florida on Atlantic Standard Time year-round (except for west of the Apalachicola River, which would be on Eastern Standard Time year-round).[2]
Daylight Saving Time[edit]
The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States.[3] The act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987.[3] The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2:00 a.m. EST to 3:00 a.m. EDT on the second Sunday in March and return at 2:00 a.m. EDT to 1:00 a.m. EST on the first Sunday in November.[3] In Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States.[4][5]
Canada[edit]
Main article: Time in Canada
In Canada, the following provinces and territories are part of the Eastern Time Zone:
Ontario, most of
Quebec, most of
Nunavut, most of
All observe Daylight Saving Time in sync with the United States, with very localized exceptions.
United States[edit]
Main article: Time in the United States
The boundary between time zones is set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations, with the boundary between the Eastern and Central Time Zones being specifically detailed at 49 CFR 71.[6]
Seventeen states and Washington, D.C. are located entirely within the Eastern Time Zone. They are:
Connecticut
Delaware
Georgia
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
Ohio
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Five states are partly in the Eastern Time Zone, with the remaining portions in the Central Time Zone. They are:
Florida - peninsula and Big Bend regions east of the Apalachicola River along with portions of Gulf County south of the Intracoastal Waterway.
Indiana - all except for northwest (Gary) and southwest (Evansville) regions
Kentucky - eastern 60%
Michigan: all, except for the four counties which border Wisconsin: Gogebic, Iron, Dickinson, and Menominee
Tennessee: East Tennessee [7]
Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States because it includes the capital city (Washington D.C.), the most populous city (New York City), and half of the country’s population. For this reason, media organizations will often report when events happened or are scheduled to happen in Eastern Time even if they occurred in another time zone, and TV schedules are also almost always posted in Eastern Time. In the United States, all nationally televised morning programs (except Good Morning America Weekend Edition which some ABC affiliates on the east coast air on a tape-delay), some daytime talk shows, evening newscasts, most talent and awards shows, and any other nationally televised event that airs live on American television during prime time and on the weekends (such as sports television) are broadcast live in the Eastern Time Zone. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, even if both teams are from the same time zone, outside of Eastern Time. For example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time (for example, one may see "Seattle at Los Angeles" with "10:00 p.m." posted as the start time for the game, often without even clarifying the time is posted in Eastern time).[citation needed]
Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time. National broadcast networks (ABC, CBS, The CW, FOX, NBC) generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8:00 p.m., with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7:00 p.m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7:00 p.m. local time.[citation needed] As Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7:00 p.m. local time.[citation needed] Cable channels with a separate western feed (such as HBO, whose western feed is called "HBOW") generally air the same programming as the eastern feed delayed by three hours. Other cable networks such as the Discovery family of networks repeat their prime time programming three hours later; this allows for the same show to be advertised as airing at "8:00 p.m. E/P" (that is, "8:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific time"). Networks specializing in the airing of sports events, such as ESPN, advertise all of their programming in Eastern and Pacific, incorporating the 3-hour time difference (as in "8:00 p.m. Eastern/5:00 p.m. Pacific") and leaving viewers in the remaining time zones to calculate start time in their own areas.[citation needed]
Mexico[edit]
Main article: Time in Mexico
Quintana Roo: this eastern state followed CST for an almost-17-year period (1982 to some time in 1998).[8] After more than two years of lobbying by a coalition of local hotel owners with the backing of the state's government, the Federal government approved the change to Quintana Roo's time zone, moving it from Central Standard Time (CST) to Eastern Standard Time (EST).[9] The time change took effect on February 1, 2015.[9]
Caribbean Islands[edit]
The Bahamas officially observe both Eastern Standard Time during the winter months and Eastern Daylight Time during the summer months. Cuba generally follows the U.S. with Eastern Standard Time in the winter, and Eastern Daylight Time in the summer, but the exact day of change varies year to year. Cayman Islands, Haiti, and Jamaica use Eastern Standard Time year-round. The Turks and Caicos Islands used to follow eastern time with daylight saving but switched in 2015 to the Atlantic Time Zone.
Central and South America[edit]
Panama in Central America uses Eastern Standard Time UTC−05 year-round. The state of Acre and the southwest part of the state of Amazonas all in Brazil as well as Colombia, Ecuador (except for the Galápagos Islands, which uses Central Standard Time), and Peru in South America also use EST (UTC−5) all year-round.
See also[edit]
Effects of time zones on North American broadcasting
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Why Louisville?". Louisville magazine. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Klas, Mary Ellen (6 March 2018). "Legislature approves year-round daylight saving time — but it's not a done deal yet". Miami Herald. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Prerau, David (2006). "Early adoption and U.S. Law". Daylight Saving Time. Web Exhibit. Retrieved 2007-04-23.
Jump up ^ Law, Gwillim (2007-09-21). "United States Time Zones".
Jump up ^ "Daylight Saving Time Starts Sunday". Government of Ontario. 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2010-09-21.
Jump up ^ The specification for the Eastern Time Zone is set forth at 49 CFR 71.4, and is listed in Text and pdf formats. The boundary between Eastern and Central is set forth at 49 CFR 71.5, and is listed in text and pdf formats.
Jump up ^ http://legacy.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/060813/zones.shtml
Jump up ^ "SIID División de Politica Social "Horario de Verano. Antecedentes y legislación comparada"" (in Spanish). Chamber of Deputies (Mexico). Retrieved 2013-11-04.
^ Jump up to: a b "On Mexican Time: Changing Time Zones To Accommodate Tourism". Forbes. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
External links[edit]
Official U.S. time in the Eastern time zone
North American Time Zone border data and images
World time zone map
U.S. time zone map
History of U.S. time zones and UTC conversion
Canada time zone map
Time zones for major world cities
Official times across Canada
Federal Regulations defining time zones
hide
v
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e
Time zones in North America
Time zone
Hours from UTC: Standard time
Hours from UTC: Daylight saving time
Hawaii–Aleutian (in Hawaii) –10 –10
Hawaii–Aleutian (in Alaska) –10 –9
Alaska –9 –8
Pacific –8 –7
Mountain (Arizona and Sonora only) –7 –7
Mountain (other states/provinces) –7 –6
Central (Saskatchewan only) –6 –6
Central (other states/provinces) –6 –5
Eastern (parts of Nunavut and the Caribbean) –5 –5
Eastern (other states/provinces) –5 –4
Atlantic (Natashquan River) –4 –4
Atlantic (other states/provinces) –4 –3
Newfoundland –3:30 –2:30
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
and most of Greenland –3 –2
See also
Time in Canada
Time in Denmark
Time in Mexico
Time in the United States
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