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Poinsettia
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For other uses, see Poinsettia (disambiguation).
"Christmas Star" redirects here. For the Christian tradition, see Star of Bethlehem.
Poinsettia
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Euphorbia
Species: E. pulcherrima
Binomial name
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Willd. ex Klotzsch
The poinsettia (/pɔɪnˈsɛtiə/ or /pɔɪnˈsɛtə/)[1][2] (Euphorbia pulcherrima) is a commercially important plant species of the diverse spurge family (Euphorbiaceae). The species is indigenous to Mexico. It is particularly well known for its red and green foliage and is widely used in Christmas floral displays. It derives its common English name from Joel Roberts Poinsett,[3] the first United States Minister to Mexico,[4] who introduced the plant to the US in 1825.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 Religious and other traditional associations
3 Creation of the American poinsettia industry
4 Cultivation
4.1 Diseases
5 Toxicity claims
6 References
7 External links
Description[edit]
Poinsettia leaves, bracts, and flowers at Jayanti in Buxa Tiger Reserve of West Bengal, India
Euphorbia pulcherrima is a shrub or small tree, typically reaching a height of 0.6–4 metres (2–13 ft). The plant bears dark green dentate leaves that measure 7–16 centimetres (2.8–6.3 in) in length. The colored bracts—which are most often flaming red but can be orange, pale green, cream, pink, white, or marbled—are often mistaken for flower petals because of their groupings and colors, but are actually leaves.[5][6] The colors of the bracts are created through photoperiodism, meaning that they require darkness (12 hours at a time for at least five days in a row) to change color. At the same time, the plants require abundant light during the day for the brightest color.[7]
The flowers of the poinsettia are unassuming and do not attract pollinators. They are grouped within small yellow structures found in the center of each leaf bunch, and are called cyathia.[8]
The poinsettia is native to Mexico.[9] It is found in the wild in deciduous tropical forests at moderate elevations from southern Sinaloa down the entire Pacific coast of Mexico to Chiapas and Guatemala. It is also found in the interior in the hot, seasonally dry forests of Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas.[10] Reports of E. pulcherrima growing in the wild in Nicaragua and Costa Rica have yet to be confirmed by botanists.[11]
Religious and other traditional associations[edit]
The Aztecs used the plant to produce red dye and as an antipyretic medication.[8] In Nahuatl, the language of the Aztecs, the plant is called Cuitlaxochitl, meaning "flower that grows in residues or soil"[8] Today it is known in Mexico and Guatemala as Flor de Noche Buena, meaning Christmas Eve Flower.[8] In Spain it is known as Flor de Pascua or Pascua, meaning Easter flower.[8] In Chile and Peru, the plant became known as Crown of the Andes.[8] In Hungarian, it is called Santa Claus' Flower, and is widely used as a Christmas decoration.
The plant's association with Christmas began in 16th-century Mexico, where legend tells of a girl, commonly called Pepita or Maria, who was too poor to provide a gift for the celebration of Jesus' birthday and was inspired by an angel to gather weeds from the roadside and place them in front of the church altar.[12] Crimson blossoms sprouted from the weeds and became poinsettias.[13] From the 17th century, Franciscan friars in Mexico included the plants in their Christmas celebrations.[14] The star-shaped leaf pattern is said to symbolize the Star of Bethlehem, and the red color represents the blood sacrifice through the crucifixion of Jesus.[15]
Poinsettias are popular Christmas decorations[3] in homes, churches, offices, and elsewhere across North America. They are available in large numbers from grocery, drug, and hardware stores. In the United States, December 12 is National Poinsettia Day.[16]
Creation of the American poinsettia industry[edit]
Albert Ecke emigrated from Germany to Los Angeles in 1900, opening a dairy and orchard in the Eagle Rock area. He became intrigued by the plant and sold them from street stands. His son, Paul Ecke, developed the grafting technique, but it was the third generation of Eckes, Paul Ecke Jr., who was responsible for advancing the association between the plant and Christmas.[17]
Besides changing the market from mature plants shipped by rail to cuttings sent by air, he sent free plants to television stations for them to display on air from Thanksgiving to Christmas. He also appeared on television programs like The Tonight Show and Bob Hope's Christmas specials to promote the plants.[17]
Until the 1990s, the Ecke family, who had moved their operation to Encinitas, California, in 1923, had a virtual monopoly on poinsettias owing to a technique that made their plants much more attractive.[18] They produced a fuller, more compact plant by grafting two varieties of poinsettia together. A poinsettia left to grow on its own will naturally take an open, somewhat weedy look. The Eckes' technique made it possible to get every seedling to branch, resulting in a bushier plant.[18]
In the late 1980s, university researcher John Dole[19] discovered the method previously known only to the Eckes and published it,[20] allowing competitors to flourish, particularly those using low-cost labor in Latin America. The Ecke family's business, now led by Paul Ecke III, decided to stop producing plants in the U.S., but as of 2008, they still serve about 70 percent of the domestic market and 50 percent of the worldwide market.[17]
Cultivation[edit]
A poinsettia that was stressed and reflowered after growing in bonsai form
Poinsettia varieties on sale in England
A close-up photo of a poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima)
The poinsettia has been cultivated in Egypt since the 1860s, when it was brought from Mexico during the Egyptian campaign. It is called bent el consul, "the consul's daughter", referring to the U.S. ambassador Joel Poinsett.[11]
There are over 100 cultivated varieties of poinsettia.[8][21]
In areas outside its natural environment, it is commonly grown as an indoor plant where it prefers good morning sun, then shade in the hotter part of the day. Contrary to popular belief, flowering poinsettias can be kept outside, even during winter, as long as they are kept frost-free. It is widely grown and very popular in subtropical climates such as Australia, Rwanda and Malta.[22]
The plant requires a daily period of uninterrupted long, dark nights followed by bright sunny days for around two months in autumn in order to encourage it to develop colored bracts.[citation needed] Any incidental light during these nights (from a nearby television set, from under a door frame, even from passing cars or street lights) hampers bract production. Commercial production of poinsettia has been done by placing them inside a greenhouse and covering the latter completely to imitate the natural biological situation.[citation needed]
To produce extra axillary buds that are necessary for plants containing multiple flowers, a phytoplasma infection—whose symptoms include the proliferation of axillary buds—is used.[23] The discovery of the role phytoplasmas play in the growth of axillary buds is credited to Ing-Ming Lee of the USDA Agricultural Research Service.[24]
Diseases[edit]
Main article: List of poinsettia diseases
Poinsettias are susceptible to several diseases, mostly fungal, but also bacterial and parasitic.
Toxicity claims[edit]
In the United States and perhaps elsewhere, there is a common misconception that the poinsettia is highly toxic. This misconception was spread by a 1919 urban legend of a two-year-old child dying after consuming a poinsettia leaf.[25]
While the sap and latex of many plants of the spurge genus are indeed toxic,[26] the poinsettia's toxicity is relatively mild. Its latex can cause an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals.[27] It is also mildly irritating to the skin or stomach[9] and may sometimes cause diarrhea and vomiting if eaten.[28] Sap introduced into the human eye may cause temporary blindness.[29]
An American Journal of Emergency Medicine study of 22,793 cases reported to the American Association of Poison Control Centers showed no fatalities, and furthermore that a strong majority of poinsettia exposures are accidental, involve children, and usually do not result in any type of medical treatment.[30] POISINDEX, a major source for poison control centers, says a 50 lb (23 kg) child would have to eat 500 bracts (poinsettia leaves) to accumulate levels of toxins found to be harmful in experiments.[25] An Ohio State University study showed no problems even with extremely large doses.[31]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wells, John C. (1990). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary. Harlow, England: Longman. ISBN 0-582-05383-8. entry "poinsettia"
Jump up ^ "poinsettia". Dictionary.com. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Bussell, Gene (December 2009). "Get Ready for Holiday Flowers". Southern Living. 44 (12): 88.
Jump up ^ "Mexico". United States Department of State. Archived from the original on November 30, 2009. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Poinsettia Facts - The Poinsettia Pages - University of Illinois Extension". extension.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
Jump up ^ Perry, Leonard. "Fun Facts about Poinsettias". pss.uvm.edu. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
Jump up ^ "How To Make Poinsettia Turn Red: Make A Poinsettia Rebloom". Gardening Know How. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Seltzer, Erica D.; Spinner, MaryAnne. "Poinsettia Facts". The Poinsettia Pages. University of Illinois Extension. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Bender, Steve, ed. (January 2004). "Euphorbia". The Southern Living Garden Book (2nd ed.). Birmingham, Alabama: Oxmoor House. p. 306. ISBN 0-376-03910-8.
Jump up ^ Trejo, L., M. E. Olson, P. Feria, K. M. Olsen, L. E. Eguiarte, B. Arroyo y J. A. Gruhn. 2012. "Poinsettia's wild ancestor in the Mexican dry tropics: historical, genetic, and environmental evidence." American Journal of Botany 99: 1146–1157.
^ Jump up to: a b Joel Roberts Poinsett. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition [serial online]. November 2011;:1. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 8, 2012
Jump up ^ "The Legends and Traditions of Holiday Plants | Horticulture and Home Pest News". www.ipm.iastate.edu. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Flowers Ireland Archived November 18, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Jauron, Richard (December 8, 1995). "The Legends and Traditions of Holiday Plants". Horticulture and Home Pest News. Iowa State University. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'The Christmas Poinsettia' Fine Art Print by Anne Gitto". RedBubble. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Poinsettia Day Bill of Congress". Poinsettiaday.com. July 22, 2002. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Anton, Mike (December 23, 2008). "The bloom is off the poinsettia business". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 28, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Cynthia Crossen, "Holiday's Ubiquitous Houseplant," Wall Street Journal, December 19, 2000.
Jump up ^ How Poinsettias Became Synonymous With Christmas
Jump up ^ Poinsettia Day Industry
Jump up ^ Perry, Leonard. "Fun Facts About Poinsettia". Perry's Perennial Pages. University of Vermont Extension, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Smurfplant, Habitat
Jump up ^ Lee; et al. (1997). "Phytoplasma induced free branching in commercial cultivars". 15. Nature Biotechnology: 178–182.
Jump up ^ Kaplan, Kim (December 1, 2015). "Poinsettias: Helping an Icon to Bloom at the Right Time". USDA. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Poisonous Poinsettias". Snopes.com. Retrieved December 16, 2008.
Jump up ^ Eke, Tom; Al-Husainy, Sahar & Raynor, Mathew K. (2000). "The spectrum of ocular inflammation caused by Euphorbia plant sap" (PDF). Arch Ophthalmol. 118 (1): 13–16. doi:10.1001/archopht.118.1.13. PMID 10636407.
Jump up ^ "Latex Allergy? Beware Poinsettias". WebMD. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Are Poinsettia Plants Poisonous? Fact or Fiction?". Retrieved December 21, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Complete Poinsettia information from Drugs.com". Drugs.com. Retrieved November 29, 2008.
Jump up ^ Krenzelok EP, Jacobsen TD, Aronis JM (November 1996). "Poinsettia exposures have good outcomes...just as we thought". Am J Emerg Med. 14 (7): 671–4. doi:10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90086-8. PMID 8906768.
Jump up ^ "Poinsettia Care in the Home". Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved January 28, 2010.
External links[edit]
The Wikibook Horticulture has a page on the topic of: Euphorbia pulcherrima
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euphorbia pulcherrima.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Poinsettia.
The Wild Poinsettia Page: Images of Euphorbia pulcherrima in the wild in Mexico
Euphorbia pulcherrima (poinsettia) - Plants & Fungi At Kew
Patently Poinsettia By Elizabeth Dougherty
Snopes on toxicity
Earthworm Castings as a Substrate for Poinsettia Production
Manipulation of Light Environment to Produce High-quality Poinsettia Plants
Patent US4724276 - Process for altering poinsettia growth
Poinsettia: The Christmas Flower
Poinsettia pages at the University of Illinois, UIUC
Poinsettias in Africa
Ohio State University Fact Sheet
Poinsettia FAQ
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Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd
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Albert Wint
Charles Kidd
James Bond character
Bruce Glover as Mr. Wint (left) and Putter Smith as Mr. Kidd during filming of Diamonds Are Forever.
Created by
Ian Fleming
Portrayed by
Bruce Glover
Putter Smith
Information
Gender
Male
Affiliation
The Spangled Mob (novel)
SPECTRE (film)
Classification
Henchmen
W. Winter—known as Wint—and Charles Kidd are fictional characters in the James Bond novel and film, Diamonds Are Forever.[1] In the novel, Wint and Kidd are members of The Spangled Mob. In the film, it is assumed that they are henchmen for the villain, Ernst Stavro Blofeld, though the characters share no scenes with and are not seen taking instructions from Blofeld (or anyone else, except for Bert Saxby). One of their trademarks is trading quips after killing their targets; they also do so after a failed attempt to kill Bond.[2] In the film, Wint is played by the clean-shaven actor Bruce Glover and Kidd by bespectacled jazz musician Putter Smith in a rare acting role.
Contents
[hide]
1 In novel
2 In film
3 Cultural impact
4 References
5 External links
In novel[edit]
As killers and enforcers to the Spangled Mob, Wint and Kidd are tasked, among other things, to make sure the smuggling of the diamonds and everything connected to it go off without a hitch. If something does go wrong, Wint and Kidd (they are never referred to as "Mr." in the novels) are sent to "persuade" the perpetrators never to make a mistake again. They take sadistic pleasure in killing; this is particularly evident in a scene in which they pour boiling mud over the face of a jockey who they believe has prevented a Mob-owned horse from winning a race.
From London to New York City it is their job to tail whoever is smuggling the diamonds internationally to ensure that the smuggler does not get any ideas about going into business for himself. For this, the duo pose as American businessmen who call themselves "W. Winter" and "B. Kitteridge". Although they are both hardened assassins, Wint is pathologically afraid of travelling. When he must do so, he wears an identifying name tag and a sticker that says "My blood group is F." He also has to be paid a special bonus by his employers. Because of his phobia, Wint picked up the nickname "Windy", although no one would dare call him that to his face. Kidd is nicknamed "Boofy" due to his "pretty-boy" appearance. Felix Leiter suspects that they are both homosexual, a point emphasized in the film. Wint has a large red wart on one thumb, a detail that leads to his being positively identified.
In a ghost town outside Las Vegas, the leading gangster, Seraffimo Spang, penetrates Bond's cover and orders Wint and Kidd to torture Bond to learn his true identity. Wint and Kidd then perform a "Brooklyn stomping," kicking Bond into unconsciousness while wearing football cleats, after which Tiffany Case helps him escape. After they kidnap Tiffany on the Queen Elizabeth, Bond comes to her rescue by climbing down the side of the ship and diving into her cabin via the porthole. They have a fight, and Bond shoots them both. To avoid trouble, he then fakes evidence in the cabin to make it look like a murder-suicide. After the killings, Bond considers his relationship with Tiffany and wonders if it will last forever. But he notices the dead eyes of the assassins staring at him. Bond imagines they say "nothing lasts forever, except what you did to me!", a reference to the book's title.
In film[edit]
Mr. Wint and his partner Mr. Kidd are American assassins working for Blofeld. Their assignment is to kill off every link in a Slumber Brothers mobster diamond-smuggling pipeline running from South Africa to the United States via the Netherlands, and to steal the diamonds from the mobsters so as to divert them to Blofeld, who is using them for a laser satellite. The pair takes a sadistic pleasure in their work — for example, to Mr. Wint's amusement Mr. Kidd photographs the body of the old lady (Mrs. Whistler) they have drowned in the canals of Amsterdam, joking about sending the pictures to the primary-age children to whom she was a school teacher. This is typical of an overtly morbid sense of humour they share, completing each other's sentences as a game and delighting in competing over laboured, blackly humorous puns. Thus an attempt to incinerate James Bond alive in a crematorium is "a glowing tribute" and "heart-warming." They also amuse themselves with the twisted application of proverbs — for example, after blowing up a helicopter in flight Mr. Kidd begins the old quote, "If God had wanted man to fly ..." to which Mr. Wint concludes: "He would have given him wings, Mr. Kidd"; and Mr. Wint saying "If at first you don't succeed, Mr. Kidd", followed by Mr. Kidd's reply, "Try, try again, Mr. Wint."
It is strongly implied in the film that the two are lovers. They are seen holding hands in one scene; Mr. Wint also has a habit of putting on women's perfume; and at one point, Mr. Kidd remarks that Tiffany Case is attractive, "... for a lady".
The two use numerous and creative methods of killing their targets such as:
Placing a scorpion down the shirt of a South African dentist.
Using a time bomb to blow up the helicopter which was meant to pick up the doctor's merchandise.
Drowning Mrs. Whistler in the Amstel River, and then joking about sending photographs of the corpse being recovered back to her schoolchildren in South Africa.
Sealing Bond in a coffin and sending him into a crematorium furnace. Bond escapes when his mob contacts discover that the diamonds he had given them are fakes and retrieve the coffin from the crematorium just in time.
Drowning Plenty O'Toole with her legs tied to a block of concrete, in a swimming pool just deep enough to submerge her only up to the tip of her nose, and by doing so killing her as slowly as possible.
Burying Bond alive by putting him into a length of pipeline to be buried in the desert outside Las Vegas — the second time he has been unconscious at their mercy, yet again they opt for an overly elaborate kill. Bond escapes by short-circuiting a pipeline welding device, forcing some workers to inspect it.
In a deleted scene made available in DVD release, shooting the character Shady Tree with a joke prop gun that first produces a flag with "BANG!" written on it, before a real bullet.
Their final attempt to kill Bond and Case takes place on the SS Canberra cruise liner after Bond foils Blofeld's plot. They pose as stewards in the couple's suite, serving them a romantic dinner under the instructions of Willard Whyte; the meal consists of Oysters Andaluz, shashlik, tidbits, prime rib au jus and Salade Utopia. Dessert is La Bombe Surprise — in the most literal sense, since it has an actual bomb hidden inside it. However, when Mr. Wint opens the wine bottle and gives Bond the cork to smell, Bond catches the scent of Mr. Wint's cologne, links it to his misadventure in the pipeline and quickly realizes that something is wrong. He comments on the cologne, describing it as "potent" and "strong enough to bury anything". After tasting a glass of Mouton Rothschild '55, Bond casually remarks that he had expected a claret with such a grand dinner. When Mr. Wint replies that the ship's cellars are unfortunately poorly stocked with clarets, Bond exposes the henchman's ignorance, replying that Mouton Rothschild in fact is a claret, before saying "I've smelt that aftershave before, and both times I've smelt a rat". Realizing Bond has blown their cover, the pair drop the charade and attack him; Mr. Kidd ignites the shashlik skewers, aiming to impale Bond, while Mr. Wint strangles him with a chain. During the struggle, Bond first neutralizes Mr. Kidd by splashing Courvoisier on the flaming skewers, setting him on fire. Within seconds, Mr. Kidd is engulfed in flames, and in desperation jumps overboard to his death. Case throws the dessert at Mr. Wint, but she misses and this reveals the bomb hidden in the cake. Bond gains the upper hand against Mr. Wint, pulling the villain's coat-tails between his legs and tying his hands and the bomb together with them. Bond hoists Mr. Wint overboard and the bomb explodes and kills him before he hits the water.
Cultural impact[edit]
These two are parodied as the characters "Mr. Wink" and "Mr. Fibb" in the animated series Codename: Kids Next Door.[3]
The pair is parodied in Daniel Waters' Sex and Death 101, which features a lesbian couple named Bambi Wint and Thumper Kidd. The women now have the surnames of the male assassins (and the first names of Willard Whyte's female bodyguards), they also converse in the same distinctive, polite speech patterns as the henchmen.[4]
A London diamond jewellery store, established 2002, is named Wint & Kidd after the characters.[5]
In the Fallout 3 add-on Broken Steel, a pair of ghouls the player may encounter on a mission are named "Wint" and "Kidd".[6]
In the second episode of the first series of The League of Gentlemen, two surveyors arrive in Royston Vasey called Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd. The characters use the same genteel speech patterns as Wint and Kidd in Diamonds Are Forever. The two attempt to convince Edward and Tubbs, proprietors of the Local Shop, to sell their land on behalf of PQ Construction. However, as Edward signs the forms provided, Kidd exclaims that once the road is completed, the shop will be full of customers. Edward and Tubbs, obsessed with keeping strangers out of Royston Vasey, proceed to subject the two to ritualistic torture and sexual assault. After Edward cuts them free and allows them to leave, they immediately flee in terror. However, Edward immediately chases after them with a crossbow, and their ultimate fate is left unclear. [7]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Canby, Vincent. "Diamonds Are Forever (1971) A Benign Bond:007 Stars in 'Diamonds Are Forever'". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "James Bond multimedia | Putter Smith (Mr Kidd)". Jamesbondmm.co.uk. 1941-01-19. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
Jump up ^ Codename: Kids Next Door (2002) - Trivia - IMDb
Jump up ^ "Sex And Death 101 Script - Drew's Script-O-Rama". Script-o-rama.com. Retrieved 2012-11-14.
Jump up ^ Wint & Kidd Jewellers London ("Named after the baddies in Diamonds are Forever")
Jump up ^ "Fallout 3 @ GameBanshee". Gamebanshee.com. 2012-01-31. Retrieved 2012-11-14.
Jump up ^ "'The League of Gentlemen' (1999) — Trivia". Retrieved 2010-04-28.
External links[edit]
Mr. Wint and Mr. Kidd - James Bond Wiki
Mr. Wint & Mr. Kidd - MI6
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Where the Heart Is (2000 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the 2000 film. For other uses, see Where the Heart Is.
Where The Heart Is
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Matt Williams
Produced by
Susan Cartsonis
David McFadzean
Patricia Whitcher
Matt Williams
Screenplay by
Lowell Ganz
Babaloo Mandel
Based on
Where the Heart Is
by Billie Letts
Starring
Natalie Portman
Ashley Judd
Stockard Channing
Joan Cusack
Music by
Mason Daring
Cinematography
Richard Greatrex
Edited by
Brooke Wilson
Production
company
Kiah rainwater studios
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
April 28, 2000
Running time
120 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$15 million
Box office
$40 million
Where the Heart Is is a 2000 American romantic drama film directed by Matt Williams in his film directing debut. The filmstars Natalie Portman, Stockard Channing, Ashley Judd, and Joan Cusack with supporting roles done by James Frain, Dylan Bruno, Keith David, and Sally Field. The screenplay, written by Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel, is based on the best-selling novel by Billie Letts. The film follows five years in the life of Novalee Nation, a pregnant 17-year-old, who is abandoned by her boyfriend at a Wal-mart in a small Oklahoma town. She secretly moves into the store, where she eventually gives birth to her baby, which attracts media attention. With the help of friends, she makes a new life for herself in the town.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Differences between novel and film
4 Music
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Box office
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Novalee Nation (Natalie Portman) is seventeen years old and seven months pregnant. She sets off on a road trip from Tennessee to California with her boyfriend, Willy Jack Pickens (Dylan Bruno) in an old, broken down 1963 Plymouth. When driving through Sequoyah, Oklahoma, Novalee notices, after her nap, that her shoes have gone through the car's floor boards. She asks Willy Jack to stop at the local Walmart so that she can go to the restroom and buy new shoes. The cashier is to give Novalee her change when she realizes the amount--$5.55. She believes the number five to be a bad omen. Barefoot, she runs outside to find Willy Jack gone and he having left behind her and her new Polaroid camera.
Having any other place to go she walks back inside and meets Thelma "Sister" Husband (Stockard Channing), who runs the Welcome Wagon in town. She is given a buckeye tree. Novalee also meets a photographer named Moses Whitecotton (Keith David) who advises her to give her baby a strong name. Novalee is sickly when she runs into the restroom to vomit. When she comes out of the restroom, she discovers the store has closed. She lives in the Walmart, undetected, while spending her days walking around town then return to stay in the store during the night.
Willy Jack is charged with fraternizing with someone he is unaware is 14 years old, and stealing money and cigarettes from a convenience store. His sentenced is to serve time; he composes a country song, "Beat of the Heart."
Novalee lives at the store for several weeks. At the library, she meets Forney Hull (James Frain) who looks after his alcoholic librarian sister Mary Elizabeth (Margaret Hoard). The information to tend a buckeye tree is found and Novalee visits Sister Husband. She is urged to plant the buckeye tree in the yard.
During a thunderstorm birth contractions wake-up Novalee--her water breaks, she goes into labor, and she collapses. She is reminded of her "5" phobia being in Aisle 5. She struggles and pulls herself to another aisle. Forney (who has been following her and saw her go into the store at closing time) smashes through a plate-glass window and helps with the delivery.
Novalee wakes up in hospital to find she is a media darling when while in the Walmart she gives birth. She is befriended by her nurse, Lexie Coop (Ashley Judd). After Lexie tells her the baby still does n't have a name, Novalee declares she will name her daughter Americus.
Lexie reveals to Novalee that she is a single woman with four children by three different men and tells an astonished Novalee that Lexie's children are all named after snack foods: Brownie, Praline, Cherry and Baby Ruth.
While Novalee and Lexi are reading letters that have been sent supporting her, Novalee's mother, Mama Lil (Sally Field), who abandoned her as a child, sees her on television and appears at the hospital. Her mother, claiming the women can pool their money and get an apartment together, takes the $500 that Novalee received as a gift from the President of Walmart. Novalee also tells Mama Lil that Walmart has offered her a job in any of the Walmart stores across the country.
Mama Lil, tucking Novalee's $500 into her bra, promises to pick up Novalee and Americus the next morning. Much to her dismay and disgust, realizing Mama Lil has abandoned her again, Novalee sits rejected at the hospital with no where to go. Sister Husband arrives and offers to let Novalee and the baby live with her.
Novalee, feeling she has a family for the first time in her life, enjoys living at Sister Husband's. While thanking him for delivering her baby, Novalee becomes friends with Forney who lives at the library with his sister.
One night, while Novalee and Forney are shopping for Christmas trees, Forney remarks that Americus is 5 months old that day. Novalee is alarmed at the realization and hurries home to check Americus.
Upon arriving, she finds the police at her home and learns Americus has been kidnapped. Novalee remembers that in the hospital she received a card from Midnight, Mississippi saying her baby was an "abomination under God," because she was born out of wedlock. The police quickly apprehend a vehicle with Mississippi plates and Americus is found safe in a nativity scene outside a church.
Upon being released from prison and making it to Nashville, Tennessee, Willy Jack becomes a one-hit-wonder with the song he wrote in jail. He teams with the grizzled and cranky music agent, Ruth Meyers (Joan Cusack), who cleans him up and gives him the stage name "Billy Shadow."
Three years later, Novalee begins a career as a photographer with the help of Moses. When a tornado blows through Sequoyah, Sister Husband is killed, and their home is destroyed. In memory of Sister, Novalee shoots a picture of Americus and the still-standing buckeye tree amidst the damage from the storm. After the funeral, one of Sister Husband's friends from Alcoholics Anonymous informs Novalee that she is the beneficiary of Sister's estate, totaling around $40,000. Novalee builds a new home for herself and Americus on Sister's land.
In Las Vegas, Willy Jack attempts to branch out his career and, behind Ruth Meyers's back, starts shopping around for another agent. He meets with a well-known agent named Johnny DeSoto (Richard Nance) to discuss dumping Ruth. DeSoto warns a cocky Willy Jack that Ruth is a great ally but can also be a powerful enemy. At the same time, Novalee is also in Las Vegas to accept an award in a photo contest she has won. Novalee and Willy Jack just miss meeting each other.
Ruth Meyers, who has gotten in his hotel room, informs Willy Jack that his old cellmate, Tommy Reynolds, is suing him claiming he is the true writer of Beat of a Heart, now a major radio hit. Willy Jack tells her that he wrote the song and asks Ruth what to do. Ruth tells Willy Jack that he should ask Johnny DeSoto to help him (having somehow found out about his talk with him), and terminates her connections with Willy Jack. Novalee returns to Sequoyah after the awards event without realizing how close she came to seeing Willy Jack.
One day, Novalee receives a garbled and panicked call from Brownie, Lexie's oldest child. She rushes over to find Lexie bruised and battered with her kids crouched beside her. We learn that Lexie's new love interest started to molest her two eldest children and nearly beat her to death as she attempted to protect them. Lexie's injuries hinder her nursing job and she and her children have to move in with Novalee and Americus. Lexie breaks down feeling guilty and angry. She tearfully tells Novalee that she ignored her kid's dislike for her boyfriend, now realizing her kids saw he was evil, but all Lexie saw was his new Buick (referring to his material wealth). Lexie asks Novalee what is she supposed to say when her kids ask why this happened to them. Novalee comforts her providing Lexie with an answer from Novalee's own life experiences.
Mary Elizabeth later passes away and when Forney does not appear at the funeral, Novalee finds him in a hotel and comforts him. They act on their feelings they have denied for so long and spend the night together. Forney confesses his feelings for her. Novalee confides in Lexie but tells her she is confused about her own feelings for Forney.
Novalee learns that Lexie is seeing someone new. Lexie is embarrassed to admit "Ernie" is an exterminator and does not have quite the physical attributes that have in the past attracted her interest. Lexie eventually falls in love with Ernie (Bob Coonrod) after learning he gave his ex-wife his restored 1967 Chevy Camaro in exchange for custody of his step-daughter whom he adopted as his own. They get married, and Lexie tells Novalee that she's pregnant.
After Forney returns from his sister's burial on the east coast, Novalee feels deeply that she is not good enough for him, knowing he has a chance of going back to school. Knowing his life would be a dead end staying with her in Sequoyah, she struggles through lying to him saying she does not love him. Novalee feels she would be preventing Forney from living the life he is intended to live and becoming successful. Heartbroken and rejected by Novalee, Forney returns to school in Maine.
Severely depressed at his ruined career following the lawsuit, Willy Jack becomes an alcoholic and starts popping pills while driving with a woman across country. He wanders off drunk and collapses on a railroad track where he is unable to move as a train approaches.
On Americus's 5th birthday, Novalee picks up a newspaper and sees an article about Willy Jack having lost his legs some months before and recently being robbed of his wheelchair. Novalee visits Willy Jack in the hospital and he reveals to her that he lied to her on their last day together when he said he couldn't feel the baby's heart. He confesses his whole life would've been different if he'd been able to undo this one lie. Novalee, realizing he is now a pathetically changed man, is able to finally forgive and let go of Willy Jack.
Novalee realizes that her lies are similar mistakes with Forney. She drives Willy Jack home to Tennessee and then continues to Maine to find Forney at a college. Novalee tells him she really does love him and they return to Oklahoma and marry. The final scene is of their wedding, which takes place in a Walmart.
Cast[edit]
Natalie Portman as Novalee Nation
Ashley Judd as Lexie Coop
Stockard Channing as Thelma "Sister" Husband
Joan Cusack as Ruth Meyers
James Frain as Forney Hull
Dylan Bruno as Willy Jack Pickens
Keith David as Moses Whitecotton
Richard Andrew Jones as Mr. Sprock
Sally Field as Mama Lil
Angee Hughes as Religious woman
Margaret Hoard as Mary Elizabeth Hull
Mackenzie Fitzgerald as Americus Nation
David Alvarado as Tommy Reynolds
Richard Nance as Johnny DeSotto
Bob Coonrod as Ernie
Cody Linley as Brownie Coop
Adrian Garza as Young Brownie (uncredited)
Differences between novel and film[edit]
Novalee finds the number 5 unlucky in the movie, and the number 7 unlucky in the novel.
Sister Husband has brown hair in the movie, and blue hair in the novel.
In the novel, Lexie marries Leon Yoder.
In the film, Forney returns to school. In the novel, Forney instead travels for some time before settling in Chicago.
Novalee's marriage to Forney only occurs in the film.
In the novel, Lexie is obese. She is constantly trying new fad diets and weight loss schemes. This aspect of her character is removed from the film version.
In the novel, Benny Goodluck gives Novalee a buckeye tree for good luck. In the film, the buckeye tree was given to Novalee by Sister Husband.
In the novel, Moses has a wife named Certain whom Novalee also becomes close with. She is entirely omitted from the film, as is Benny Goodluck.
Music[edit]
Original music for the film was produced by Mason Daring. A soundtrack of the original music was released by RCA Records, as well as a music compilation soundtrack featuring songs used in the film by artists such as Emmylou Harris, Lyle Lovett, Martina McBride, and John Hiatt.
The song "That's the Beat of a Heart" was performed by The Warren Brothers and Sara Evans. A music video was made for the song, which is included as a bonus extra on the DVD release, and features a number of scenes from the film.
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The film received mostly negative reviews. Metacritic gives it a score of 30% based on reviews from 28 critics.[1] Rotten Tomatoes gives it a 35% approval rating, based on reviews from 97 critics, with the sites consensus stating that the film's "poor script and messy plot undermines the decent cast."[2]
Box office[edit]
The film opened in theaters in the United States on April 28, 2000. Where the Heart Is accumulated (USD)$8,292,939 in its opening weekend, opening at number 4.
The film went on to make $33,772,838 at the North American box office, and an additional $7,090,880 internationally for a worldwide total of $40,863,718.[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Metacritic (Where The Heart Is)
Jump up ^ Rotten Tomatoes (Where The Heart Is)
Jump up ^ "Where the Heart Is". boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved 15 April 2006.
External links[edit]
Where the Heart Is on IMDb
Where the Heart Is at Box Office Mojo
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Borchert's Epochs
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Borchert's epochs refer to five distinct periods in the history of American urbanization and are also known as Borchert's model of urban evolution. Each epoch is characterized by the impact of a particular transport technology on the creation and differential rates of growth of American cities. This model was conceptualized by University of Minnesota geographer John R. Borchert (about) in 1967. The five epochs identified by Borchert are:
Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790–1830), cities grow near ports and major waterways which are used for transportation;
Iron Horse Epoch (1830–70), characterized by impact of steam engine technology, and development of steamboats and regional railroad networks;
Steel Rail Epoch (1870–1920), dominated by the development of long haul railroads and a national railroad network;
Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920–70), with growth in the gasoline combustion engine;
High-Technology Epoch (1970–present), expansion in service and information sectors of the economy
Subsequent researchers (e.g., Phillips and Brunn) have proposed an extension of Borchert's model with new epochs to take into account late 20th-century developments in patterns of metropolitan growth and decline in the United States.
References[edit]
Borchert, John R. (July 1967). "American Metropolitan Evolution". Geographical Review. 57 (3): 301–332. doi:10.2307/212637. JSTOR 212637.
Phillips, Phillip D.; Brunn, Stanley D. (July 1978). "Slow Growth: A New Epoch of American Metropolitan Evolution". Geographical Review. 68 (3): 274–292. doi:10.2307/215047. JSTOR 215047.
Kaplan; Wheeler; Holloway (2004). Urban Geography. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-35998-X.
de Blij, H.J. & Murphy, Alexander (2003). Human Geography: Culture, Society, and Space. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-44107-4.
External links[edit]
Macalester College: Concepts of Urbanization

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