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Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
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Joseph and the Amazing
Technicolor Dreamcoat
1991 Revivals Logo
Music
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Lyrics
Tim Rice
Basis
The story of Joseph in Genesis
Premiere
1970
Productions
1968 Colet Court
1971 Young Vic company
1973 West End
1978 West End
1982 Broadway
1991 West End revival
1993 Broadway revival
2003 West End revival
2005 US Tour
2007 US Tour
2007 West End revival
2010 UK tour
2014 US Tour
2014 UK Tour
2015 North American tour
2016 UK tour
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat is a musical with lyrics by Tim Rice and music by Andrew Lloyd Webber. The story is based on the "coat of many colors" story of Joseph from the Bible's Book of Genesis. This was the first Lloyd Webber and Rice musical to be performed publicly (the first, The Likes of Us, written in 1965, was not performed until 2005).
The show has little spoken dialogue; it is almost entirely sung-through. Its family-friendly story, familiar themes and catchy music have resulted in numerous stagings. According to the owner of the copyright, the Really Useful Group, by 2008 more than 20,000 schools and amateur theatre groups had staged productions.[1]
Joseph was first presented as a 20-minute "pop cantata" at Colet Court School in London in 1968, and was published by Novello and released by Decca Records in 1969. After the success of the next Lloyd Webber and Rice piece, Jesus Christ Superstar, Joseph received stage productions beginning in 1970 and expanded recordings in 1971 and 1972. While still undergoing various modifications and expansions, the musical was produced in the West End in 1973, and in its full format was recorded in 1974. The musical was mounted on Broadway in 1982. Several major revivals, national tours, and a 1999 straight-to-video film, starring Donny Osmond, followed.
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
1.1 Development and early performances, publication, and recordings
1.2 Early stage performances
1.2.1 First American productions
1.2.2 Young Vic production and move to West End
1.2.3 1975–1979
1.3 Professional US productions, 1976–1984
1.4 1990s
1.5 2000s
1.6 2010s
2 Synopsis
2.1 Act I
2.2 Act II
3 Characters
4 Musical numbers
5 Awards and nominations
5.1 Original Broadway production
5.2 1991 London revival
5.3 2003 London revival
6 Film adaptation
7 References
8 External links
Production[edit]
Development and early performances, publication, and recordings[edit]
The 17-year-old budding musical-theatre composer Andrew Lloyd Webber was introduced to the 20-year-old aspiring pop-song writer Tim Rice in 1965, and they created their first musical, The Likes of Us.[2] They produced a demo tape of that work in 1966,[3] but the project failed to gain a backer.[2]
In the summer of 1967 Alan Doggett, a family friend of the Lloyd Webbers who had assisted on The Likes of Us and who was the music teacher at the Colet Court school in London, commissioned Lloyd Webber and Rice to write a piece for the school's choir.[3][4][2] Doggett requested a "pop cantata" along the lines of Herbert Chappell's The Daniel Jazz (1963) and Michael Hurd's Jonah-Man Jazz (1966), both of which had been published by Novello and were based on the Old Testament.[3] The request for the new piece came with a 100-guinea advance from Novello.[3] This resulted in Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, a retelling of the biblical story of Joseph, in which Lloyd Webber and Rice humorously pastiched a number of pop-music styles.
The piece was first presented as a 20-minute pop cantata at Colet Court School in London on 1 March 1968.[2] Lloyd Webber's composer father William arranged for a second performance at his church, Westminster Central Hall, with a revised and expanded format; the boys of Colet Court and members of the band Mixed Bag sang at this performance in May 1968.[5] One of the children's parents in that audience was the Sunday Times music critic; he reviewed the piece in the newspaper, calling it a new pop oratorio and praising its innovation and exuberance.[2][6] By its third performance, at St Paul's Cathedral in November 1968, the musical had been expanded to 35 minutes.[5]
Novello published the lyrics and sheet music at the beginning of 1969, as the third of their Old Testament pop cantatas.[3] Decca Records, which had already recorded the musical in the summer of 1968, released the recording in 1969, credited to the Joseph Consortium, after the Novello publication.[3][7][8][9] David Daltrey, front man of British psychedelic band Tales of Justine, played the role of Joseph and lead guitar, and Tim Rice was Pharaoh. Other vocalists included members of the Mixed Bag group, such as Terry Saunders and Malcolm Parry, and the choir of Colet Court School.[7][8][9] Daltrey, although not part of the Mixed Bag, was managed by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber at the time, and EMI colleague Martin Wilcox suggested to Rice that they use the Mixed Bag as a backing group on the album.[citation needed]
A recording of the musical with 19 tracks was issued in the US on Scepter Records in 1971. It was a reissue of the 1969 Decca UK album, capitalising on the success of 1970's Jesus Christ Superstar in the US. It featured Daltrey as Joseph, Rice as Pharaoh, William S. Lloyd Webber on the Hammond organ, Alan Doggett conducting, and the Colet Court choir as the chorus.[10][11]
Early stage performances[edit]
First American productions[edit]
Lloyd Webber and Rice used the popularity of their subsequent musical, the rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar, to promote Joseph, which was advertised in America as a "follow-up" to Superstar.[12] The rock opera's title song "Superstar" had been an international hit single released in late 1969, and "I Don't Know How To Love Him", another hit from Jesus Christ Superstar, was released 1 May 1970. The first American production of Joseph was in May 1970, at Cathedral College of the Immaculate Conception in Douglaston, New York. Following this, other colleges and schools sought to produce the piece.[13]
Young Vic production and move to West End[edit]
In late August and September 1972, Joseph was presented at the Edinburgh International Festival by the Young Vic Theatre Company, directed by Frank Dunlop. It starred Gary Bond in the title role, Peter Reeves as the narrator, and Gordon Waller as Pharaoh; Alan Doggett was the music director. In October the production played at London's Young Vic Theatre, and in November at the Roundhouse. The production was part of a double bill called Bible One: Two Looks at the Book of Genesis. Part I was Dunlop's reworking of the first six of the medieval Wakefield Mystery Plays, with music by Alan Doggett. Part II was Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat.[12] The Young Vic production was recorded for an LP released on the RSO label in 1972. This production was also broadcast in the UK by Granada Television in 1972.[14]
In February 1973, theatre producer Michael White and impresario Robert Stigwood mounted the Young Vic production at the Albery Theatre in the West End, where it ran for 243 performances.[15] The mystery plays that had preceded the original Young Vic productions were dropped, and instead the musical was preceded by a piece called Jacob's Journey, with music and lyrics by Lloyd Webber and Rice and a book by television comedy writers Ray Galton and Alan Simpson. Jacob's Journey, which contained a great deal of spoken dialogue, was eventually phased out in favour of a sung-through score that became part of Joseph. The first production of the show in its modern, final form was at the Haymarket Theatre in Leicester, which presented the musical several times from 1974 through 1978.[12][16]
A recording of the full musical was released on the MCA label in 1974, again featuring Bond, Reeves and Waller. This is the earliest recording of Joseph to eventually be issued on CD.[citation needed] Waller also appeared on another recording in 1979, featuring Rice as the Narrator and Paul Jones as Joseph, on the Music For Pleasure label.[citation needed]
1975–1979[edit]
In 1975 Miranda Enterprises in association with Leicester Theatre Company presented Joseph at the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch. It was directed by Paul Tomlinson and choreographed by David Thornton. This production starred Patrick Ryecart as Joseph and David Sadgrove as Pharaoh.[citation needed]
Ken Hill directed a large-scale production of Joseph at the Westminster Theatre, London, which ran from November 1978 to February 1979, and again from November 1979 to February 1980. This production starred Paul Jones as Joseph, John Golder as the Narrator, and Leonard Whiting as Pharaoh. A recording of this production with additional narration spoken by children was broadcast on BBC radio, produced by Richard Wilcox.[citation needed]
Professional US productions, 1976–1984[edit]
The musical ran at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York in 1976 and in 1977 as "holiday fare". In the 1976 production, which opened on 30 December, direction was by John Dunlop, with a cast that featured Cleavon Little as the Narrator and David-James Carroll as Joseph.[17] In the 1977 production, running in December through 1 January 1978, staging was by Graciela Daniele, with Carroll as Joseph, Alan Weeks as the Narrator and William Parry as Pharaoh/Elvis.[18]
Joseph received an Off-Broadway production at the Entermedia Theatre, running from 18 November 1981 through 24 January 1982. Directed by Tony Tanner, the cast starred Bill Hutton as Joseph, Laurie Beechman as the Narrator, and Tom Carder as Pharaoh.[19][20]
The production transferred to Broadway at the Royale Theatre on 27 January 1982 and ran through 4 September 1983, with 747 performances.[21] This production was recorded on the Chrysalis label, and is the first to feature the Prologue (dubbed on the Chrysalis release "You are what you feel"). The producers were Gail Berman and Susan Rose, who were the youngest producers on Broadway.[22] The show received several Tony Award nominations including Best Musical and Best Original Score. Allen Fawcett replaced Hutton as Joseph in June 1982.[23] David Cassidy took over the role of Joseph in March 1983 and also performed in the touring cast in 1983–1984.[24]
1990s[edit]
With Jason Donovan in the lead, the expanded show was restaged in 1991 at the London Palladium with Steven Pimlott as director, winning the 1992 Laurence Olivier Award for set design. The cast album of this production was the #1 UK album for two weeks in September 1991, and the single "Any Dream Will Do" from it was also the #1 UK single for two weeks in June–July 1991. When Donovan left, former children's TV presenter Phillip Schofield portrayed Joseph.[citation needed]
The musical opened in Toronto at the Elgin Theatre in July 1992, with Donny Osmond as Joseph and Janet Metz as the Narrator.[25] Afterwards, Osmond toured North America in the role.[citation needed] A major Australian production, based on the 1991 UK version, opened on 31 December 1992 at the State Theatre in Melbourne. It featured Indecent Obsession lead singer David Dixon as Joseph and Tina Arena as the Narrator. The musical then played seasons in Brisbane and Sydney through 1993.[26][27]
The show was revived in the United States in 1993, playing in Los Angeles at the Pantages Theatre for 18 weeks,[28] and in San Francisco at the Golden Gate Theatre for an 8-week run,[28] before moving to Broadway, where it played for 231 performances at the Minskoff Theatre from 10 November 1993 to 29 May 1994.[29] Directed by Steven Pimlott and choreographed by Anthony Van Laast, the cast featured Michael Damian (Joseph), Kelli Rabke (Narrator), Clifford David (Jacob), and Robert Torti (Pharaoh).[30][31]
2000s[edit]
A production starring Stephen Gately, "with cartoon cut-out sets and props and naff panto choreography", previewed in Oxford in December 2002, before moving to Liverpool over Christmas 2002. This production reached the West End at the New London Theatre in March 2003.[32]
A US national tour began in September 2005 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, starring starred Patrick Cassidy.[33]
A 2007 revival of the London Palladium production at the Adelphi Theatre starred a Joseph cast with the winner of BBC One's Any Dream Will Do, presided over by Lloyd Webber. This was second reality talent show to search for a West End star, capitalising on the success of the 2006 BBC–Lloyd Webber series, How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?. Viewers voted to for Lee Mead as Joseph. Mead had given up his ensemble role in The Phantom of the Opera, where he also understudied Raoul. The new Joseph production, which began on 6 July 2007, used Steven Pimlott's (who had died since staging the Palladium production) original direction, with Preeya Kalidas as the Narrator.[34]
Tickets for the show's originally-planned six-month run sold out in three weeks, and the producers had extended the show's run – and Mead's contract – until 7 June 2008. Before opening night, the producers had received £10 million in advance ticket sales. In his review for Variety, David Benedict wrote, "Mead delivers. ... For as long as Mead chooses to continue in it, Joseph is, commercially speaking, the safest of bets."[citation needed] Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group donated all receipts from two special performances to the BBC's Children in Need charity appeal. Additionally, the money normally given to the cast for first-night gifts in July 2007 went instead to Children in Need. In January 2009 Mead left the show and was replaced by Gareth Gates. The production closed in May 2009.[citation needed]
2010s[edit]
The long-running UK touring production was re-cast in 2010 with Keith Jack taking on Joseph in July 2010 opposite Jennifer Potts as narrator.[35] In May 2013 Ian "H" Watkins replaced Jack, reprising the role he had played in London and on tour. The 2014–15 leg of the tour saw X Factor contestant Lloyd Daniels take on the title role opposite Eastender's Matt Lapinskas as Pharaoh. Danielle Hope played Narrator in 2014. Amelia Lily, another X factor alumna, later played the Narrator.[citation needed]
A new North American touring production began on 4 March 2014 in Cleveland, Ohio starring Diana DeGarmo as the Narrator and Ace Young as Joseph.[36]
The 2016 UK touring production starred Joe McElderry as Joseph and Lucy Kay as the Narrator.[37] The tour began in January 2016 and is scheduled to run through June 2017.[38]
Synopsis[edit]
Act I[edit]
The story is based on the Biblical story of Joseph, found in the Book of Genesis. It is set in a frame in which a narrator is telling a story (sometimes to children, encouraging them to dream). She then tells the story of Joseph, another dreamer ("Prologue," "Any Dream Will Do"). In the beginning of the main story Jacob and his 12 sons are introduced ("Jacob and Sons"). Joseph's brothers are jealous of him for his coat of many colours, a symbol of their father's preference for him ("Joseph's Coat"). It is clear from Joseph's dreams that he is destined to rule over them ("Joseph's Dreams"). To get rid of him and prevent the dreams from coming true, they attempt fratricide, but then they sell Joseph as a slave to some passing Ishmaelites ("Poor, Poor Joseph"), who take him to Egypt.
Back home, his brothers, led by Reuben (Levi in the original Broadway production) and accompanied by their wives, break the news to Jacob that Joseph has been killed. They show his tattered coat smeared with his blood – really goat blood – as proof that what they say is true ("One More Angel in Heaven"). After the bereft Jacob leaves, the brothers and their wives happily celebrate the loss of Joseph.
In Egypt, Joseph is the slave of Egyptian millionaire Potiphar. He rises through the ranks of slaves and servants until he is running Potiphar's house. When Mrs. Potiphar makes advances, Joseph spurns her. She removes his shirt, feels his chest and back, squeezes his rear and blows him kisses. Potiphar overhears, barges in, sees the two together – and jumps to conclusions ("Potiphar"). Outraged, he throws Joseph in jail. Depressed, Joseph laments the situation ("Close Every Door") – but his spirits rise when he helps two prisoners put in his cell. Both are former servants of the Pharaoh and both have had bizarre dreams. Joseph interprets them. One cellmate, the Baker, will be executed, but the other, the Butler, will be returned to service. Upon hearing this, the rest of the prisoners surround Joseph and encourage him to go after his dreams ("Go, Go, Go Joseph").
Act II[edit]
The Narrator tells of impending changes in Joseph's fortunes ("A Pharaoh Story") because the Pharaoh is having dreams that no one can interpret. Now freed, the Butler tells Pharaoh (acted in the style of Elvis Presley) of Joseph and his dream-interpretation skills ("Poor, Poor Pharaoh"). Pharaoh orders Joseph to be brought in and the king tells him his dream involving seven fat cows, seven skinny cows, seven healthy ears of corn, and seven dead ears of corn ("Song of the King").
Joseph interprets the dream as seven plentiful years of crops followed by seven years of famine ("Pharaoh's Dreams Explained"). An astonished Pharaoh puts Joseph in charge of carrying out the preparations needed to endure the impending famine, and Joseph becomes the most powerful man in Egypt, second only to Pharaoh himself ("Stone the Crows"). (In the 2007 London revival, Pharaoh has a new song, "King of my Heart").
Back home, the famine has caught up with Joseph's brothers, who, led by Simeon, express regret at selling him and deceiving their father ("Those Canaan Days"). They hear that Egypt still has food and decide to go there to beg for mercy and to be fed ("The Brothers Come to Egypt"), not realising that they will be dealing with Joseph ("Grovel, Grovel"). Joseph gives them sacks of food, but plants a golden cup in the sack of his youngest brother, Benjamin. When the brothers try to leave, Joseph stops them, asking about the "stolen cup". Each brother empties his sack, and it is revealed that Benjamin has the cup. Joseph then accuses Benjamin of robbery ("Who's the Thief?"). The other brothers, led by Judah, (Naphtali in the original Broadway Production) beg for mercy for Benjamin, imploring that Joseph take them prisoner and set Benjamin free ("Benjamin Calypso").
Seeing their selflessness and penitence, Joseph reveals himself ("Joseph All the Time") and sends for his father. The two are reunited ("Jacob in Egypt") for a happy conclusion and Joseph dons his coloured coat once more ("Finale: Any Dream Will Do (Reprise)/Give Me My Coloured Coat").
In some productions, the finale is followed by a rock/disco medley of most of the musical's major numbers ("Joseph Megamix").
Characters[edit]
Narrator: A woman (in original productions, a man), not of the time or place of the action. The Narrator tells the story through word and song, guiding the audience gently through the story of Joseph and his brothers, usually gives meaning to the story with her/his words.
Jacob: The father of twelve sons, his favourite being Joseph. At times he may appear unfair and shallow, but he is, more importantly, the prophet who recognises the future and the calling of Joseph, thus saving the House of Israel. Usually doubles as Potiphar.
Joseph: Eleventh son of Jacob. Obviously his father’s favourite, Joseph early on shows a talent for interpreting dreams and telling the future. This gets him into trouble with his brothers when he predicts his future will include ruling over the other eleven. However, it saves his life when in Egypt he correctly interprets Pharaoh’s dreams. In the end he has risen to a great position of power, but he still forgives his brothers and brings his family to Egypt to partake of the bounty he has accumulated there.
Ishmaelites: Men of the desert, they buy Joseph as a slave, take him to Egypt, and sell him to Potiphar.
Potiphar: A powerful and rich Egyptian, Potiphar purchases Joseph and puts him to work in his household, where he soon realises that Joseph is honest, hard-working, and a great addition to his pool of help. When he grows suspicious of Mrs. Potiphar and Joseph, however, he grows angry and has Joseph thrown into prison. Usually played by the actor playing Jacob.
Mrs. Potiphar: Beautiful and scheming, Mrs. Potiphar tries to seduce Joseph, but is unsuccessful. However, she does manage to rip off much of his clothing just as her husband comes into the room, thus condemning him to prison. Also plays one of the wives.
Baker: One of Pharaoh servants, the Baker is in prison with Joseph who correctly interprets his dreams and predicts that he will be put to death. Played by one of the brothers.
Butler: Another of Pharaoh servants, the Butler is also in prison with Joseph who also correctly interprets his dreams, this time that he will be released and taken back into Pharaoh's household. It is the Butler who tells Pharaoh about Joseph and his uncanny ability with dreams. Played by one of the brothers.
Pharaoh: The most powerful man in Egypt, Pharaoh is considered a god on earth. When Joseph interprets his dreams, he promotes him to one of the highest positions in his government. In most productions, Pharaoh is portrayed as an Elvis Presley-style figure. Sometimes played by one of the brothers.
Joseph's Eleven Brothers: Although acting usually as a group, they each have their own different personalities, talents, and flaws. As a group they sell Joseph into slavery, but as individuals they deal with the following years and how they can make amends. They sing and dance their way through many situations and places. The brothers also double as Egyptians and servants of Potiphar.
Reuben: Eldest son of Jacob. Takes the lead on "One More Angel in Heaven"
Simeon: Second son of Jacob. Takes the lead on "Those Canaan Days"
Levi: Third son of Jacob.
Judah: Fourth son of Jacob. Takes the lead on "Benjamin Calypso".
Dan: Fifth son of Jacob.
Naphtali: Sixth son of Jacob.
Gad: Seventh son of Jacob.
Asher: Eighth son of Jacob.
Issachar: Ninth son of Jacob.
Zebulun: Tenth son of Jacob.
Benjamin: Twelfth son of Jacob. Joseph accuses him of stealing the golden cup.
The Wives: The wives of Jacob. The actresses playing the wives also double as Egyptians and servants of Potiphar.
Adult chorus
Children's chorus
Musical numbers[edit]
Act I[39]
Prologue – Narrator
Any Dream Will Do – Joseph, Children
Jacob and Sons – Narrator, Brothers, Ensemble
Joseph's Coat – Jacob, Narrator, Joseph, Brothers, Wives, Ensemble
Joseph's Dreams – Narrator, Brothers, Joseph
Poor, Poor Joseph – Narrator, Joseph, Brothers
One More Angel in Heaven – Reuben, Reuben's Wife, Brothers, Wives, Jacob
Potiphar – Narrator, Potiphar, Mrs. Potiphar, Joseph, Ensemble
Close Every Door – Joseph and Company
Go, Go, Go Joseph – Narrator, Joseph, Butler, Baker, Ensemble
Act II
Pharaoh's Story – Narrator, Ensemble
Poor, Poor Pharaoh (reprise of Poor, Poor Joseph) – Narrator, Butler, Pharaoh, Women
Song of the King – Pharaoh, Ensemble
Pharaoh's Dream Explained – Joseph, Ensemble
Stone the Crows – Narrator, Pharaoh, Joseph, Female Ensemble
King of My Heart – Pharaoh
Those Canaan Days – Simeon, Jacob, Brothers
The Brothers Come To Egypt/Grovel, Grovel – Narrator, Brothers, Joseph, Female Ensemble
Who's the Thief? – Narrator, Joseph, Ensemble
Benjamin Calypso – Judah, Brothers, Ensemble
Joseph All the Time – Narrator, Joseph, Brothers, Ensemble
Jacob in Egypt – Ensemble
Any Dream Will Do (Reprise) – Joseph, Narrator, Ensemble
Joseph Megamix – Full Company
Lloyd-Webber used a variety of musical styles, including parodies of French ballads ("Those Canaan Days"), Elvis-inspired rock and roll ("Song of the King"), western music ("One More Angel In Heaven"), 1920s Charleston ("Potiphar"), Calypso ("Benjamin Calypso"), jazz ("Joseph's Dreams"), and 1950s rock ("Go, Go, Go Joseph").[citation needed]
"Prologue" was first included in the 1982 Broadway production; the use of "Any Dream Will Do" at the start of the show (and the renaming of the closing version as per the above list) dates from the 1991 revival. The UK touring production circa 1983-1987 (produced by Bill Kenwright), included an additional song "I Don't Think I'm Wanted Back At Home", which was originally part of Jacob's Journey.[40] Sung by the title character, the brothers jokingly push Joseph out of the family home, throwing a suitcase, then a cane and top hat at him, leaving Joseph to tap-dance through the number.[citation needed] The tune has been recycled into numbers in By Jeeves and The Likes of Us.[citation needed]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Original Broadway production[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
1982 Tony Award Best Musical Nominated
Best Book of a Musical Tim Rice Nominated
Best Original Score Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice Nominated
Best Performance by a Featured Actor in a Musical Bill Hutton Nominated
Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical Laurie Beechman Nominated
Best Choreography Tony Tanner Nominated
Drama Desk Award Outstanding Musical Nominated
Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical Laurie Beechman Nominated
Outstanding Director of a Musical Tony Tanner Nominated
1991 London revival[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
1992 Laurence Olivier Award Best Musical Revival Nominated
Best Actor in a Musical Jason Donovan Nominated
Best Actress in a Musical Linzi Hateley Nominated
Best Director of a Musical Steven Pimlott Nominated
Best Theatre Choreographer Anthony Van Laast Nominated
Best Set Designer Mark Thompson Won
2003 London revival[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
2004 Laurence Olivier Award Best Musical Revival Nominated
Film adaptation[edit]
In 1999, a straight-to-video film of the same title starring Donny Osmond was released, directed by David Mallet. Osmond had toured North America in the role after opening the Toronto revival in 1992. In the film, Maria Friedman appears as the Narrator, Richard Attenborough as Jacob, Ian McNeice as Potiphar, Joan Collins as Mrs. Potiphar and Robert Torti as Pharaoh.[41]
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ellis, Samantha. "Joseph, London, February 1973". The Guardian. 24 September 2003.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Chandler, David (2012). "'Everyone should have the opportunity': Alan Doggett and the modern British musical". Studies in Musical Theatre. 6 (3): 275–289. doi:10.1386/smt.6.3.275_1.
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^ Jump up to: a b The Really Useful Group. "About the Show". Archived from the original on 25 December 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Jewell, Derek. "Pop Goes Joseph". Sunday Times. 19 May 1968. Retrieved from TheMusicalCompany.com on 15 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b 1969 Decca Concept Album (vocalists)
^ Jump up to: a b 1969 Decca Concept Album – Credits
^ Jump up to: a b Compiled information on the 1969 Decca album
Jump up ^ "Joseph And The Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat Listing, Scepter Records, SPS-588X, 1971" discogs.com, accessed 17 March 2011
Jump up ^ Q&A regarding the original Decca and Scepter albums
^ Jump up to: a b c Vocal Selections: Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard. 1994. ISBN 0-7935-3427-5.
Jump up ^ "About the Show". London Palladium production programme, 1993. ReallyUseful.com.
Jump up ^ Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat (TV, 1972) at the Internet Movie Database
Jump up ^ Chronology, 1973 guidetomusicaltheatre.com, accessed 17 March 2011
Jump up ^ Garratt, David. "The Haymarket Theatre, Leicester", ArthurLloyd.co.uk, accessed 18 March 2011
Jump up ^ Barnes, Clive. "Stage:Technicolor Dreamcoat", The New York Times, 31 December 1976, p. 37
Jump up ^ Rockwell, John. "Rock: 'Joseph and Dreamcoat'", The New York Times, 16 December 1977, p. 88
Jump up ^ Gussow, Mel. "Theater: 'Joseph And The Dreamcoat'", The New York Times, 19 November 1981
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Jump up ^ "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat' Listing, 1982". Internet Broadway Database, accessed 17 March 2011
Jump up ^ Klein, Alvin (1982-10-03). "At 26, Producing 'Joseph' on Broadway". The New York Times.
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Jump up ^ "David Cassidy Fan Site" Archived 1 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine. David Cassidy Fan Site
Jump up ^ Murray, Karen."Review: 'Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat'" Variety (subscription required), June 1992
Jump up ^ "Composer calls for some new theatres". The Canberra Times. 67, (21,008). Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 19 October 1992. p. 20. Retrieved 21 July 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
Jump up ^ "Arts and Entertainment: An odd tale heads our way". The Canberra Times. 67, (21,202). Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 3 May 1993. p. 24. Retrieved 21 July 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
^ Jump up to: a b Slate, Libby (30 May 1993). "On View : The Many Stages of Michael Damian". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Bloom, Ken (2003). Broadway: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. p. 552. ISBN 9781135950194.
Jump up ^ "'Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat', 1993" Internet Broadway Database, accessed 17 March 2011
Jump up ^ Brantley, Ben (11 November 1993). "Review/Theater: Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat; Joseph and His Brothers, to Music". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 April 2014.
Jump up ^ Shenton, Mark. "Review: Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, 2003", whatsonstage.com, 4 March 2003
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Ernio.Patrick Cassidy and "American Idol" Starlet Tour with 'Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat'" Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Playbill.com, 15 June 2005
Jump up ^ de Jongh, Nicholas."Review: Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat" Archived 3 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. This is London, 18 July 2007
Jump up ^ Probst, Andy "Keith Jack to Join U.K. 'Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat' Tour in July". Archived from the original on 12 January 2012. Retrieved 2011-03-17. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link) Theater Mania, 9 April 2010
Jump up ^ http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Diana-DeGarmo-and-Ace-Young-to-Lead-JOSEPH-AND-THE-AMAZING-TECHNICOLOR-DREAMCOAT-National-Tour-Launches-34-in-Cleveland-20130819
Jump up ^ Wood, John. Joseph And The Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat - Palace Theatre, Manchester, North West End. Retrieved 30 March 2016; Duke, Simon. Joe McElderry to take lead role in Joseph & the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat Chronicle Live (2 September 2015).Retrieved 20 March 2016; and Cheesman, Neil. BGT’s Lucy Kay joins Joe McElderry in Joseph UK Tour LondonTheatre1.com.Retrieved 28 March 2016
Jump up ^ Mayo, Simon. Joseph and The Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat 2016 UK Tour, britishtheatre.com, 23 September 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
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External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat at the Internet Broadway Database
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat at the Internet Movie Database
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat – Official Site
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat at Andrew Lloyd Webber's Really Useful Group website
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat on Tim Rice's Official Site (links on left for production history)
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat - Plot summary and character descriptions on StageAgent.com
Any Dream Will Do! – BBC show website
Preceded by
Metallica by Metallica UK number one album
31 August 1991 – 13 September 1991 Succeeded by
From Time to Time - The Singles Collection
by Paul Young
[show]
v
t
e
Musicals by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice
Musicals
The Likes of Us
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita
Cricket
The Wizard of Oz (additional music and lyrics)
Films
Jesus Christ Superstar
Evita
Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat
Albums
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The Old Man and the Sea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see The Old Man and the Sea (disambiguation).
The Old Man and the Sea
Original book cover
Author
Ernest Hemingway
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Literary Fiction
Published
1952 (Charles Scribner's Sons)
Media type
Print (hardback & paperback)
Pages
127
Awards
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction (1953)
Nobel Prize in Literature (1954)
ISBN
0-684-80122-1
OCLC
19793
Dewey Decimal
813.52
LC Class
PS3515.E37
The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by the American author Ernest Hemingway in 1951 in Cuba, and published in 1952.[1] It was the last major work of fiction by Hemingway that was published during his lifetime. One of his most famous works, it tells the story of Santiago, an aging Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream off the coast of Cuba.[2]
In 1953, The Old Man and the Sea was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, and it was cited by the Nobel Committee as contributing to their awarding of the Nobel Prize in Literature to Hemingway in 1954.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Background and publication
3 Literary significance and criticism
4 Legacy
5 References
5.1 Sources
6 Further reading
7 External links
Plot summary[edit]
The Old Man and the Sea tells the story of a battle between an aging, experienced fisherman, Santiago, and a large marlin. The story opens with Santiago having gone 84 days without catching a fish, and now being seen as "salao", the worst form of unluckiness. He is so unlucky that his young apprentice, Manolin, has been forbidden by his parents to sail with him and has been told instead to fish with successful fishermen. The boy visits Santiago's shack each night, hauling his fishing gear, preparing food, talking about American baseball and his favorite player, Joe DiMaggio. Santiago tells Manolin that on the next day, he will venture far out into the Gulf Stream, north of Cuba in the Straits of Florida to fish, confident that his unlucky streak is near its end.
On the eighty-fifth day of his unlucky streak, Santiago takes his skiff into the Gulf Stream, sets his lines and, by noon, has his bait taken by a big fish that he is sure is a marlin. Unable to haul in the great marlin, Santiago is instead pulled by the marlin, and two days and nights pass with Santiago holding onto the line. Though wounded by the struggle and in pain, Santiago expresses a compassionate appreciation for his adversary, often referring to him as a brother. He also determines that, because of the fish's great dignity, no one shall deserve to eat the marlin.
On the third day, the fish begins to circle the skiff. Santiago, worn out and almost delirious, uses all his remaining strength to pull the fish onto its side and stab the marlin with a harpoon. Santiago straps the marlin to the side of his skiff and heads home, thinking about the high price the fish will bring him at the market and how many people he will feed.
On his way in to shore, sharks are attracted to the marlin's blood. Santiago kills a great mako shark with his harpoon, but he loses the weapon. He makes a new harpoon by strapping his knife to the end of an oar to help ward off the next line of sharks; five sharks are slain and many others are driven away. But the sharks keep coming, and by nightfall the sharks have almost devoured the marlin's entire carcass, leaving a skeleton consisting mostly of its backbone, its tail and its head. Santiago knows that he is defeated and tells the sharks of how they have killed his dreams. Upon reaching the shore before dawn on the next day, Santiago struggles to his shack, carrying the heavy mast on his shoulder, leaving the fish head and the bones on the shore. Once home, he slumps onto his bed and falls into a deep sleep.
A group of fishermen gather the next day around the boat where the fish's skeleton is still attached. One of the fishermen measures it to be 18 feet (5.5 m) from nose to tail. Pedrico is given the head of the fish, and the other fishermen tell Manolin to tell the old man how sorry they are. Tourists at the nearby café mistakenly take it for a shark. The boy, worried about the old man, cries upon finding him safe asleep and at his injured hands. Manolin brings him newspapers and coffee. When the old man wakes, they promise to fish together once again. Upon his return to sleep, Santiago dreams of his youth—of lions on an African beach.
Background and publication[edit]
No good book has ever been written that has in it symbols arrived at beforehand and stuck in .... I tried to make a real old man, a real boy, a real sea and a real fish and real sharks. But if I made them good and true enough they would mean many things.
Ernest Hemingway in 1954[3]
Written in 1951, and published in 1952 , The Old Man and the Sea is Hemingway's final full-length work published during his lifetime. The book, dedicated to "Charlie Scribner" and to Hemingway's literary editor "Max Perkins",[4][5] was featured in Life magazine on September 1, 1952, and five million copies of the magazine were sold in two days.[6]
The Old Man and the Sea became a Book of the Month Club selection, and made Hemingway a celebrity.[7] Published in book form on September 1, 1952, the first edition print run was 50,000 copies.[8] The illustrated edition featured black and white pictures by Charles Tunnicliffe and Raymond Sheppard.[9]
In May 1953, the novel received the Pulitzer Prize[9] and was specifically cited when in 1954 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature which he dedicated to the Cuban people.[10][11] The success of The Old Man and the Sea made Hemingway an international celebrity.[7] The Old Man and the Sea is taught at schools around the world and continues to earn foreign royalties.[12]
Literary significance and criticism[edit]
The Old Man and the Sea served to reinvigorate Hemingway's literary reputation and prompted a reexamination of his entire body of work. The novel was initially received with much popularity; it restored many readers' confidence in Hemingway's capability as an author. Its publisher, Scribner's, on an early dust jacket, called the novel a "new classic", and many critics favorably compared it with such works as William Faulkner's short story The Bear and Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick.
Ernest Hemingway and Henry ("Mike") Strater with the remaining 500 lbs of an estimated 1000 lb marlin that was half-eaten by sharks before it could be landed in the Bahamas in 1935. See Pilar for details of this episode.
Gregorio Fuentes, who many critics believe was an inspiration for Santiago, was a blue-eyed man born on Lanzarote in the Canary Islands. After going to sea at age ten on ships that called in African ports, he migrated permanently to Cuba when he was 22. After 82 years in Cuba, Fuentes attempted to reclaim his Spanish citizenship in 2001.[13] Critics have noted that Santiago was also at least 22 when he immigrated from Spain to Cuba, and thus old enough to be considered an immigrant—and a foreigner—in Cuba.[14]
Hemingway at first planned to use Santiago's story, which became The Old Man and the Sea, as part of an intimacy between mother and son. Relationships in the book relate to the Bible, which he referred to as "The Sea Book". Some aspects of it did appear in the posthumously published Islands in the Stream. Hemingway mentions the real life experience of an old fisherman almost identical to that of Santiago and his marlin in On the Blue Water: A Gulf Stream Letter (Esquire, April 1936).[15][16]
Joseph Waldmeir's essay "Confiteor Hominem: Ernest Hemingway's Religion of Man" is a favorable critical reading of the novel—and one which has defined analytical considerations since. Perhaps the most memorable claim is Waldmeir's answer to the question—What is the book's message?
The answer assumes a third level on which The Old Man and the Sea must be read—as a sort of allegorical commentary on all his previous work, by means of which it may be established that the religious overtones of The Old Man and the Sea are not peculiar to that book among Hemingway's works, and that Hemingway has finally taken the decisive step in elevating what might be called his philosophy of Manhood to the level of a religion.[17]
Waldmeir considered the function of the novel's Christian imagery[original research?], most notably through Hemingway's reference to the crucifixion of Christ following Santiago's sighting of the sharks that reads:
"Ay," he said aloud. There is no translation for this word and perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood.[18]
One of the most outspoken critics of The Old Man and the Sea is Robert P. Weeks. His 1962 piece "Fakery in The Old Man and the Sea" presents his argument that the novel is a weak and unexpected divergence from the typical, realistic Hemingway (referring to the rest of Hemingway's body of work as "earlier glories").[19] In juxtaposing this novel against Hemingway's previous works, Weeks contends:
The difference, however, in the effectiveness with which Hemingway employs this characteristic device in his best work and in The Old Man and the Sea is illuminating. The work of fiction in which Hemingway devoted the most attention to natural objects, The Old Man and the Sea, is pieced out with an extraordinary quantity of fakery, extraordinary because one would expect to find no inexactness, no romanticizing of natural objects in a writer who loathed W. H. Hudson, could not read Thoreau, deplored Melville's rhetoric in Moby Dick, and who was himself criticized by other writers, notably Faulkner, for his devotion to the facts and his unwillingness to 'invent.'[19]
Some critics suggest Hemingway wrote The Old Man and the Sea in reaction to the overtly negative criticism he received for Across the River and into the Trees.
Legacy[edit]
In 1954 Hemingway donated his Nobel prize gold medal in Literature to the venerated Marian image of Our Lady of Charity. The Swedish medal was stolen in 1986, but was returned later upon the threat of Raul Castro.[20]
The Old Man and the Sea has been adapted for the screen three times: a 1958 film starring Spencer Tracy, a 1990 miniseries starring Anthony Quinn, and a 1999 animated short film. It is often taught in high schools as a part of the American Literature curriculum.
In 2003 the book was listed at number 173 on the BBC's The Big Read poll of the UK's 200 "best-loved novels".[21]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Editors (25 August 1952). "From Ernest Hemingway to the Editors of Life". Life. Time Inc. 33 (8): 124. ISSN 0024-3019. Hemingway's work is a 27,000-word novel called The Old Man and the Sea. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved January 31, 2005.
Jump up ^ "Books: An American Storyteller". TIME. December 13, 1954. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hemingway. The Old Man and the Sea. p. 5
Jump up ^ Perkins, Maxwell (2004). Bruccoli, Matthew J.; Baughman, Judith, eds. The sons of Maxwell Perkins: letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Thomas Wolfe, and their editor. University of South Carolina Press. p. xxvii. ISBN 1-57003-548-2.
Jump up ^ "A Hemingway timeline Any man's life, told truly, is a novel". The Kansas City Star. KansasCity.com. June 27, 1999. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-29.
^ Jump up to: a b Desnoyers, p. 13
Jump up ^ Oliver 1999, p. 247
^ Jump up to: a b Meyers 1985, p. 489
Jump up ^ "Heroes:Life with Papa". TIME. November 8, 1954. Retrieved 2009-12-12.
Jump up ^ "The Nobel Prize in Literature 1954". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved October 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ Meyers 1985, p. 485
Jump up ^ "El pescador que inspiró a Hemingway 'El viejo y el mar' recupera la nacionalidad española". Retrieved June 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ Herlihy, Jeffrey. "Eyes the same color as the sea: Santiago's Expatriation from Spain and Ethnic Otherness and in Hemingway's the Old Man and the Sea". Hemingway Review. Retrieved 2015-04-17.
Jump up ^ Old Man and the Sea. Introduction: The Ripening of a Masterpiece. Simon and Schuster. Retrieved September 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hemingway, Ernest (edited by William White) (1967). By-Line: Ernest Hemingway. Selected articles and dispatches of four decades. New York: Scribner's.
Jump up ^ Joseph Waldmeir (1957). "Confiteor Hominem: Ernest Hemingway's Religion of Man". Papers of the Michigan Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. XLII: 349–356.
Jump up ^ Hemingway. The Old Man and the Sea. p. 118
^ Jump up to: a b Robert P. Weeks, Robert P. (1962). "Fakery in The Old Man and the Sea". College English. XXIV (3): 188–192. doi:10.2307/373283. JSTOR 373283.
Jump up ^ "Huffington Post". The Huffington Post. March 27, 2012. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "BBC – The Big Read". BBC. April 2003, Retrieved August 23, 2017
Sources[edit]
Desnoyers, Megan Floyd. "Ernest Hemingway: A Storyteller's Legacy". John F. Kennedy Presidential Library Online Resources. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
Meyers, Jeffrey (1985). Hemingway: A Biography. London: Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-42126-4.
Oliver, Charles M. (1999). Ernest Hemingway A to Z: The Essential Reference to the Life and Work. New York: Checkmark. ISBN 0-8160-3467-2.
Further reading[edit]
Baker, Carlos (1972). Hemingway: The Writer as Artist (4th ed.). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-01305-5.
Jobes, Katharine T., ed. (1968). Twentieth Century Interpretations of The Old Man and the Sea. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-633917-4.
Mellow, James R. (1992). Hemingway: A Life Without Consequences. New York: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-37777-3.
Young, Philip (1952). Ernest Hemingway. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston. ISBN 0-8166-0191-7.
External links[edit]
The Old Man and the Sea at Faded Page (Canada)
Rare, Unseen: Hemingway in Cuba—slideshow by Life magazine
"Michael Palin's Hemingway Adventure: Cuba". PBS. Retrieved January 21, 2006.
Awards and achievements
Preceded by
Winston Churchill
1953 Nobel Prize in Literature
1954 Succeeded by
Halldór Laxness
1955
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Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
1918–1925
His Family by Ernest Poole (1918)
The Magnificent Ambersons by Booth Tarkington (1919)
The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton (1921)
Alice Adams by Booth Tarkington (1922)
One of Ours by Willa Cather (1923)
The Able McLaughlins by Margaret Wilson (1924)
So Big by Edna Ferber (1925)
1926–1950
Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (declined) (1926)
Early Autumn by Louis Bromfield (1927)
The Bridge of San Luis Rey by Thornton Wilder (1928)
Scarlet Sister Mary by Julia Peterkin (1929)
Laughing Boy by Oliver La Farge (1930)
Years of Grace by Margaret Ayer Barnes (1931)
The Good Earth by Pearl S. Buck (1932)
The Store by Thomas Sigismund Stribling (1933)
Lamb in His Bosom by Caroline Pafford Miller (1934)
Now in November by Josephine Winslow Johnson (1935)
Honey in the Horn by Harold L. Davis (1936)
Gone with the Wind by Margaret Mitchell (1937)
The Late George Apley by John Phillips Marquand (1938)
The Yearling by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings (1939)
The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck (1940)
In This Our Life by Ellen Glasgow (1942)
Dragon's Teeth by Upton Sinclair (1943)
Journey in the Dark by Martin Flavin (1944)
A Bell for Adano by John Hersey (1945)
All the King's Men by Robert Penn Warren (1947)
Tales of the South Pacific by James A. Michener (1948)
Guard of Honor by James Gould Cozzens (1949)
The Way West by A. B. Guthrie Jr. (1950)
1951–1975
The Town by Conrad Richter (1951)
The Caine Mutiny by Herman Wouk (1952)
The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway (1953)
A Fable by William Faulkner (1955)
Andersonville by MacKinlay Kantor (1956)
A Death in the Family by James Agee (1958)
The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters by Robert Lewis Taylor (1959)
Advise and Consent by Allen Drury (1960)
To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee (1961)
The Edge of Sadness by Edwin O'Connor (1962)
The Reivers by William Faulkner (1963)
The Keepers of the House by Shirley Ann Grau (1965)
The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter by Katherine Anne Porter (1966)
The Fixer by Bernard Malamud (1967)
The Confessions of Nat Turner by William Styron (1968)
House Made of Dawn by N. Scott Momaday (1969)
The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford by Jean Stafford (1970)
Angle of Repose by Wallace Stegner (1972)
The Optimist's Daughter by Eudora Welty (1973)
The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara (1975)
1976–2000
Humboldt's Gift by Saul Bellow (1976)
Elbow Room by James Alan McPherson (1978)
The Stories of John Cheever by John Cheever (1979)
The Executioner's Song by Norman Mailer (1980)
A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole (1981)
Rabbit Is Rich by John Updike (1982)
The Color Purple by Alice Walker (1983)
Ironweed by William Kennedy (1984)
Foreign Affairs by Alison Lurie (1985)
Lonesome Dove by Larry McMurtry (1986)
A Summons to Memphis by Peter Taylor (1987)
Beloved by Toni Morrison (1988)
Breathing Lessons by Anne Tyler (1989)
The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love by Oscar Hijuelos (1990)
Rabbit at Rest by John Updike (1991)
A Thousand Acres by Jane Smiley (1992)
A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain by Robert Olen Butler (1993)
The Shipping News by E. Annie Proulx (1994)
The Stone Diaries by Carol Shields (1995)
Independence Day by Richard Ford (1996)
Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer by Steven Millhauser (1997)
American Pastoral by Philip Roth (1998)
The Hours by Michael Cunningham (1999)
Interpreter of Maladies by Jhumpa Lahiri (2000)
2001–present
The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay by Michael Chabon (2001)
Empire Falls by Richard Russo (2002)
Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides (2003)
The Known World by Edward P. Jones (2004)
Gilead by Marilynne Robinson (2005)
March by Geraldine Brooks (2006)
The Road by Cormac McCarthy (2007)
The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao by Junot Díaz (2008)
Olive Kitteridge by Elizabeth Strout (2009)
Tinkers by Paul Harding (2010)
A Visit from the Goon Squad by Jennifer Egan (2011)
No award given (2012)
The Orphan Master's Son by Adam Johnson (2013)
The Goldfinch by Donna Tartt (2014)
All the Light We Cannot See by Anthony Doerr (2015)
The Sympathizer by Viet Thanh Nguyen (2016)
The Underground Railroad by Colson Whitehead (2017)
Less by Andrew Sean Greer (2018)
show
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Ernest Hemingway
Bibliography
Novels
The Torrents of Spring (1926)
The Sun Also Rises (1926)
A Farewell to Arms (1929)
To Have and Have Not (1937)
For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)
Across the River and into the Trees (1950)
The Old Man and the Sea (1952)
Non-fiction
Death in the Afternoon (1932)
Green Hills of Africa (1935)
Posthumous
A Moveable Feast (1964)
Islands in the Stream (1970)
The Dangerous Summer (1985)
The Garden of Eden (1986)
True at First Light (1999)
Under Kilimanjaro (2005)
Short stories
"Indian Camp" (1925)
"The Doctor and the Doctor's Wife" (1925)
"The End of Something" (1925)
"The Three-Day Blow" (1925)
"The Battler" (1925)
"A Very Short Story" (1925)
"Soldier's Home" (1925)
"The Revolutionist" (1925)
"Mr. and Mrs. Elliot" (1925)
"Cat in the Rain" (1925)
"Out of Season" (1925)
"Cross Country Snow" (1925)
"My Old Man" (1925)
"Big Two-Hearted River" (1925)
"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" (1926)
"A Canary for One" (1926)
"Fifty Grand" (1927)
"Hills Like White Elephants" (1927)
"The Killers" (1927)
"The Undefeated" (1927)
"Che Ti Dice La Patria?" (1927)
"In Another Country" (1927)
"On the Quai at Smyrna" (1930)
"Fathers and Sons" (1932)
"A Day's Wait" (1933)
"The Gambler, the Nun, and the Radio" (1933)
"A Way You'll Never Be" (1933)
"The Snows of Kilimanjaro" (1936)
"The Capital of the World" (1936)
"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber" (1936)
Short story
collections
Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923)
In Our Time (1925)
Men Without Women (1927)
Winner Take Nothing (1933)
The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories (1938)
The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1961)
The Fifth Column and Four Stories of the Spanish Civil War (1969)
The Nick Adams Stories (1972)
The Complete Short Stories of Ernest Hemingway (1987)
Ernest Hemingway: The Collected Stories (1995)
Story fragments
"On Writing"
Poetry
88 Poems (1979)
Complete Poems
Letters and
journalism
Ernest Hemingway Selected Letters 1917–1961 (1981)
Dateline: Toronto (1985)
The Cambridge Edition of the Letters of Ernest Hemingway (2011)
Adaptations
The Sun Also Rises
1957 film
1984 film
Opera
The Select (The Sun Also Rises)
Ballet
"The Killers"
1946 film
1956 film
1964 film
Bukowski short story
A Farewell to Arms
1932 film
1957 film
1966 TV series
To Have and Have Not
1944 film
The Breaking Point (1950)
The Gun Runners (1958)
Captain Khorshid (1987)
For Whom the Bell Tolls
1943 film
1965 TV series
Metallica song
The Old Man and the Sea
1958 film
1990 miniseries
1999 film
Other film adaptations
The Macomber Affair (1947)
The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952)
Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man (1962)
Islands in the Stream (1977)
See also
Nick Adams
Michigan cottage
Idaho house
Key West home
Hotel Ambos Mundos, Havana home
Finca Vigía, Cuba home
Pilar (boat)
The Spanish Earth (1937 film)
Bacall to Arms (1946 cartoon)
Hello Hemingway (1990 film)
In Love and War (1996 film)
Hemingway & Gellhorn (2012 film)
Cooper & Hemingway: The True Gen (2013 documentary)
Papa: Hemingway in Cuba (2015 film)
Hemingway Foundation/PEN Award
Kennedy Library Hemingway collection
Family
Elizabeth Hadley Richardson (first wife)
Jack Hemingway (son)
Pauline Pfeiffer (second wife)
Patrick Hemingway (son)
Gregory Hemingway (son)
Martha Gellhorn (third wife)
Mary Welsh Hemingway (fourth wife)
Grace Hall Hemingway (mother)
Leicester Hemingway (brother)
show
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Billfish
Swordfish (1 species)
Xiphiidae
Marlin
Sailfish (2 species)
Atlantic sailfish
Indo-Pacific sailfish
Istiompax (1 species)
Black marlin
Makaira (2 species)
Atlantic blue marlin
Indo-Pacific blue marlin
Kajikia (2 species)
White marlin
Striped marlin
Tetrapturus (4 species)
Shortbill spearfish
Roundscale spearfish
Mediterranean spearfish
Longbill spearfish
Related topics
Apex predators
Predatory fish
Oceanic fish
Big-game fishing
Marlin fishing
Marlin (magazine)
Gray's paradox
Protosphyraena (fossil)
Scombridae
Straddling Fish Stocks Agreement
The Old Man and the Sea
Authority control
BNF: cb122159627 (data)
GND: 4099230-5
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea&oldid=850011187"
Categories:
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Books by Ernest Hemingway
Charles Scribner's Sons books
Novels about animals
Novels by Ernest Hemingway
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