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Walleye
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For other uses, see Walleye (disambiguation).
Walleye
Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Percidae
Genus: Sander
Species: S. vitreus
Binomial name
Sander vitreus
(Mitchill, 1818)
Subspecies
S. v. vitreus
S. v. glaucus (extinct)
Walleye (Sander vitreus, synonym Stizostedion vitreum) is a freshwater perciform fish native to most of Canada and to the Northern United States. It is a North American close relative of the European Zander, also known as the pikeperch. The walleye is sometimes called the yellow walleye to distinguish it from the blue walleye, which is a subspecies that was once found in the southern Ontario and Quebec regions, but are now presumed extinct.[2] However, recent genetic analysis of a preserved (frozen) 'blue walleye' sample suggests that the blue and yellow walleye were simply phenotypes within the same species and do not merit separate taxonomic classification.[3]
In parts of its range in English-speaking Canada, the walleye is known as a pickerel, even though the fish is not related to the true pickerels, which are a member of the family Esocidae.[4]
Walleyes show a fair amount of variation across watersheds. In general, fish within a watershed are quite similar and are genetically distinct from those of nearby watersheds. The species has been artificially propagated for over a century and has been planted on top of existing populations or introduced into waters naturally devoid of the species, sometimes reducing the overall genetic distinctiveness of populations.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Description
2.1 Length and weight
3 Reproduction
4 As food
5 Fishing
6 Cultural aspects
7 Walleye fishing records
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Etymology[edit]
Walleye, Sander vitreus
The common name, "walleye", comes from the fact that the fish's eyes point outward, as if looking at the walls. This externally facing orientation of the eyes gives anglers an advantage in the dark because there is a certain eyeshine given off by the eye of the walleye in the dark, similar to that of lions and other night dwelling animals. This "eyeshine" is the result of a light-gathering layer in the eyes called the tapetum lucidum, which allows the fish to see well in low-light conditions. In fact, many anglers look for walleyes at night since this is when major feeding patterns occur. The fish's eyes also allow them to see well in turbid waters (stained or rough, breaking waters), which gives them an advantage over their prey. Thus, walleye anglers will commonly look for locations where there is a good "walleye chop" (i.e., rough water). This excellent vision also allows the fish to populate the deeper regions in a lake, and they can often be found in deeper water, particularly during the warmest part of the summer and at night.[citation needed]
Description[edit]
Walleyes are largely olive and gold in color (hence the French common name: doré—golden). The dorsal side of a walleye is olive, grading into a golden hue on the flanks. The olive/gold pattern is broken up by five darker saddles that extend to the upper sides. The color shades to white on the belly. The mouth of a walleye is large and is armed with many sharp teeth. The first dorsal and anal fins are spinous, as is the operculum. Walleyes are distinguished from their close cousin the sauger by the white coloration on the lower lobe of the caudal fin which is absent on the sauger. In addition, the two dorsals and the caudal fin of the sauger are marked with distinctive rows of black dots which are absent from or indistinct on the same fins of walleyes.[5]
Length and weight[edit]
Weight and length of walleyes
Walleyes grow to about 80 cm (31 in) in length, and weigh up to about 9 kg (20 lb). The maximum recorded size for the fish is 107 cm (42 in) in length and 13 kilograms (29 lb) in weight. The rate depends partly on where in their range they occur, with southern populations often growing faster and larger. In general, females grow larger than males. Walleyes may live for decades; the maximum recorded age is 29 years. In heavily fished populations, however, few walleye older than five or six years of age are encountered. In North America, where they are highly prized, their typical size when caught is on the order of 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 in), substantially below their potential size.
As walleye grow longer, they increase in weight. The relationship between total length (L) and total weight (W) for nearly all species of fish can be expressed by an equation of the form
W = c L b {\displaystyle W=cL^{b}\,}
Invariably, b is close to 3.0 for all species, and c is a constant that varies among species. For walleye, b = 3.180 and c = 0.000228 (with units in inches and pounds) or b = 3.180 and c = 0.000005337 (with units in cm and kg).[6]
The relationship described in this section suggests a 50 cm (20 in) walleye will weigh about 1.5 kg (3.3 lb), while a 60 cm (24 in) walleye will likely weigh about 2.5 kg (5.5 lb).
Reproduction[edit]
Walleye larva
In most of the species' range, male walleyes mature sexually between three and four years of age. Females normally mature about a year later. Adults migrate to tributary streams in late winter or early spring to lay eggs over gravel and rock, although there are open water reef or shoal spawning strains as well. Some populations are known to spawn on sand or vegetation. Spawning occurs at water temperatures of 6 to 10 °C (43 to 50 °F). A large female can lay up to 500,000 eggs, and no care is given by the parents to the eggs or fry. The eggs are slightly adhesive and fall into spaces between rocks. The incubation period for the embryos is temperature-dependent, but generally lasts from 12 to 30 days. After hatching, the free-swimming embryo spends about a week absorbing a relatively small amount of yolk. Once the yolk has been fully absorbed, the young walleye begins to feed on invertebrates, such as fly larvæ and zooplankton. After 40 to 60 days, juvenile walleyes become piscivorous. Thenceforth, both juvenile and adult walleyes eat fish almost exclusively, frequently yellow perch or ciscoes, moving onto bars and shoals at night to feed. Walleye also feed heavily on crayfish, minnows, and leeches.
As food[edit]
Fresh walleye being cooked over a fire
The walleye is considered to be a quite palatable freshwater fish, and, consequently, is fished recreationally and commercially for food.[7] Because of its nocturnal feeding habits, it is most easily caught at night using live minnows or lures that mimic small fish. In Minnesota the walleye is often fished for in the late afternoon on windy days or in the night. Most commercial fisheries for walleye are situated in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes.
Fishing[edit]
Main article: Walleye fishing
Because walleyes are popular with anglers, fishing for walleyes is regulated by most natural resource agencies. Management may include the use of quotas and length limits to ensure that populations are not over-exploited. For example, in the state of Michigan, walleye shorter than 15 in (38 cm) may not be legally kept, except in Lake St. Clair and the St. Clair River where fish as short as 13 in (33 cm) may be taken.
Since walleyes have excellent visual acuity under low illumination levels, they tend to feed more extensively at dawn and dusk, on cloudy or overcast days and under choppy conditions when light penetration into the water column is disrupted. Although anglers interpret this as light avoidance, it is merely an expression of the walleye's competitive advantage over its prey under those conditions. Similarly, in darkly stained or turbid waters, walleye tend to feed throughout the day. In the spring and fall walleye are located near the shallower areas due to the spawning grounds; and they are most often located in shallower areas during higher winds due to the murkier, higher oxygenated water at around six feet deep.[8] On calm spring days the walleye are more often located at the deep side of the shoreline drop-off and around shore slopes around or deeper than ten feet.[9]
As a result of their widespread presence in Canada and the northern United States walleye are frequently caught while ice fishing, a popular winter pastime throughout the regions in question.
"Walleye chop" is a term used by walleye anglers for rough water typically with winds of 10 to 25 km/h (6 to 16 mph), and is one of the indicators for good walleye fishing due to the walleye's increased feeding activity during such conditions. In addition to fishing the "Walleye chop", night fishing with live bait can be very effective.
The current all-tackle world record for a walleye is held by Mabry Harper, who caught a 11.34 kg (25 lbs.) walleye in Old Hickory Lake in Tennessee, USA on August 2, 1960.[10]
Cultural aspects[edit]
Large walleye statue at Lake Mille Lacs in Garrison, Minnesota.
A giant walleye decorates Beaver House bait shop, Grand Marais, Minnesota.
The walleye is the state fish of Minnesota, Vermont and South Dakota and the official fish of Saskatchewan.[11]
It is very popular with Minnesota residents; more walleye is eaten in Minnesota than in any other jurisdiction of the United States. Both Garrison and Baudette, Minnesota, claim to be the "Walleye Capital of the World," each with a large statue of the fish.[12]
Winnipeg, Manitoba, considers the walleye (referred to locally as "pickerel") its most important local fish.[13]:76 Icelandic fishermen in Lake Winnipeg have traditionally supplied the Winnipeg market.[13]:23–26
Walleye fishing records[edit]
By information from International Game Fish Association IGFA the most outstanding records: [14]
The biggest walleye caught by Mabry Happer in Old Hickory Lake in Tennessee. USA on August 2, 1960 that weighted 11.34 kg (25 lbs. 0 oz.)
See also[edit]
Wisconsin Walleye War
References[edit]
Jump up ^ NatureServe (2015). "Sander vitreus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 4.1 (4.1). International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.lapresse.ca/le-soleil/200809/08/01-662528-le-dore-bleu-existe.php
Jump up ^ Haponski, Amanda E; Stepien, Carol A (2014). "A population genetic window into the past and future of the walleye Sander vitreus: relation to historic walleye and the extinct "blue pike" S. v. "glaucus"". Giornale della Libreria. 14 (1): 133. PMC 4229939  . PMID 24941945. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-14-133. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Crossman, E.J. "Walleye - The Canadian Encyclopedia". Retrieved 29 April 2017.
Jump up ^ In-Fisherman – All About Walleye
Jump up ^ Anderson, R. O.; Neumann, R. M. (1996). "Length, Weight, and Associated Structural Indices". In Murphy, B. E.; Willis, D. W. Fisheries Techniques (Second ed.). Bethesda, MD: American Fisheries Society. ISBN 1-888569-00-X.
Jump up ^ "Walleye, Sander vitreus". Department of Natural Resources (DNR), State of Michigan. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Joe Fellegy, Jr., Walleyes and Walleye Fishing (Dillon Press, 1974), 57, 58
Jump up ^ Fellegy, 60
Jump up ^ International Game and Fish Association (1960). "IGFA All-Tackle World Record". IGFA. Retrieved 2014-04-20.
Jump up ^ "Saskatchewan". Canadian Heritage. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Walleyed War of the Walleye Capitals". RoadsideAmerica.com. Doug Kirby, Ken Smith, Mike Wilkins.
^ Jump up to: a b Nicholson, Karen (May 2007). "A History of Manitoba’s Commercial Fishery 1872-2005" (PDF). Manitoba Historic Resources Branch. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "IGFA World Records". International Game Fish Association. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
Further reading[edit]
"Sander vitreus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 19 March 2006.
"Sander vitreus, Walleye". Fishbase. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
Cena, Christopher J; George E. Morgan; Michael D. Malette; Daniel D. Heath (2006). "Inbreeding, Outbreeding and Environmental Effects on Genetic Diversity in 46 Walleye (Sander Vitreus) Populations". Molecular Ecology. 15 (2): 303–20. PMID 16448402. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02637.x.
Grant, Gerold C; Paul Radomski; Charles S. Anderson (2004). "Using Underwater Video to Directly Estimate Gear Selectivity: the Retention Probability for Walleye (Sander Vitreus) in Gill Nets". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 61 (2): 168–74. doi:10.1139/f03-166.
Huppert, Boyd (7 December 2004). "Walleye or Zander? What Are You Really Eating?". Kare 11. Retrieved 15 March 2013.
Kaufman, Scott D.; John M. Gunn; George E. Morgan; Patrice Couture (2006). "Muscle Enzymes Reveal Walleye (Sander Vitreus) Are Less Active When Larger Prey (cisco, Coregonus Artedi) Are Present". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 63 (5): 970–79. doi:10.1139/f06-004.
Simoneau, M (2005). "Fish Growth Rates Modulate Mercury Concentrations in Walleye (Sander Vitreus) from Eastern Canadian Lakes". Environmental Research. 98 (1): 73–82. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2004.08.002.
Suski, C. D.; S. J. Cooke; S. S. Killen; D. H. Wahl; B. L. Tufts (2005). "Behaviour of Walleye, Sander Vitreus, and Largemouth Bass, Micropterus Salmoides, Exposed to Different Wave Intensities and Boat Operating Conditions during Livewell Confinement". Fisheries Management and Ecology. 12 (1): 119–26. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2400.2004.00415.x.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Walleye.
Walleye Complete Guide to Walleyes
The Walleye People Website
A Fisherman's Guide to Catching Walleye
Small 2010 Lake Erie walleye hatch predicted
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Athletics at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
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At the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, the athletics events were held at Independence Park in Kingston, Jamaica. A total of 34 events were contested, of which 23 by male and 11 by female athletes. This was the final athletics competition at the quadrennial competition to feature events measured in imperial units, rather than metric units. Eleven Games records were improved over the course of the competition.
Contents
[hide]
1 Medal summary
1.1 Men
1.2 Women
2 Medal table
3 References
Medal summary[edit]
Men[edit]
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze
100 yards Harry Jerome (CAN) 9.41 GR Tom Robinson (BHS) 9.44 Edwin Roberts (TTO) 9.52
220 yards Stanley Allotey (GHA) 20.65 GR Edwin Roberts (TTO) 20.93 David Ejoke (NGA) 20.95
440 yards Wendell Mottley (TTO) 45.08 GR Kent Bernard (TTO) 46.06 Don Domansky (CAN) 46.42
880 yards Noel Clough (AUS) 1:46.9 GR Wilson Kiprugut (KEN) 1:47.2 George Kerr (JAM) 1:47.2
1 mile Kip Keino (KEN) 3:55.34 GR Alan Simpson (ENG) 3:57.27 Ian Studd (NZL) 3:58.61
3 miles Kip Keino (KEN) 12:57.4 GR Ron Clarke (AUS) 12:59.2 Allan Rushmer (ENG) 13:08.6
6 miles Naftali Temu (KEN) 27:14.21 GR Ron Clarke (AUS) 27:39.42 Jim Alder (SCO) 28:15.4
3000 metres steeplechase Peter Welsh (NZL) 8:29.44 Kerry O'Brien (AUS) 8:32.58 Benjamin Kogo (KEN) 8:32.81
120 yards hurdles David Hemery (ENG) 14.1 Mike Parker (ENG) 14.2 Ghulam Raziq (PAK) 14.3
440 yards hurdles Ken Roche (AUS) 50.95 Kingsley Agbabokha (NGA) 51.46 Peter Warden (ENG) 51.54
Marathon Jim Alder (SCO) 2:22:08 Bill Adcocks (ENG) 2:22:13 Mike Ryan (NZL) 2:27:59
20 miles road walk Ron Wallwork (ENG) 2:44:43 Ray Middleton (ENG) 2:45:19 Norman Read (NZL) 2:46:29
High jump Lawrie Peckham (AUS) 2.08 m Samuel Igun (NGA) 2.03 m Anton Norris (BAR) 2.00 m
Pole vault Trevor Bickle (AUS) 4.80 m Mike Bull (NIR) 4.72 m Gerry Moro (CAN) 4.65 m
Long jump Lynn Davies (WAL) 7.99 m John Morbey (BMU) 7.89 m Wellesley Clayton (JAM) 7.83 m
Triple jump Samuel Igun (NGA) 16.40 m (w) George Ogan (NGA) 16.08 m Fred Alsop (ENG) 15.96 m
Shot put Dave Steen (CAN) 18.79 m Les Mills (NZL) 18.37 m George Puce (CAN) 17.14 m
Discus throw Les Mills (NZL) 56.18 m George Puce (CAN) 55.94 m Robin Tait (NZL) 55.02 m
Hammer throw Howard Payne (ENG) 61.98 m Praveen Kumar (IND) 60.12 m Muhammad Iqbal (PAK) 59.56 m
Javelin throw John FitzSimons (ENG) 79.78 m Nick Birks (AUS) 76.16 m Muhammad Nawaz (PAK) 69.94 m
Decathlon Roy Williams (NZL) 7270 pts Clive Longe (WAL) 7123 pts Gerry Moro (CAN) 6983 pts
4×110 yards relay Ghana (GHA)
Bonner Mends
Ebenezer Addy
James Addy
Stanley Allotey 39.8 GR Jamaica (JAM)
Lynn Headley
Michael Fray
Pablo McNeil
Wes Clayton 40.0 Australia (AUS)
Allen Crawley
Gary Holdsworth
Gary Eddy
Peter Norman 40.0
4×440 yards relay Trinidad and Tobago (TTO)
Edwin Roberts
Kent Bernard
Lennox Yearwood
Wendell Mottley 3:02.8 GR Canada (CAN)
Don Domansky
Brian MacLaren
Ross MacKenzie
Bill Crothers 3:04.9 England (ENG)
John Adey
Martin Winbolt-Lewis
Peter Warden
Tim Graham 3:06.5
Women[edit]
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze
100 yards Dianne Burge (AUS) 10.6 GR Irene Piotrowski (CAN) 10.8 Jill Hall (ENG) 10.8
220 yards Dianne Burge (AUS) 23.73 Jenny Lamy (AUS) 23.86 Irene Piotrowski (CAN) 23.92
440 yards Judy Pollock (AUS) 53.0 Deirdre Watkinson (ENG) 54.1 Una Morris (JAM) 54.2
880 yards Abby Hoffman (CAN) 2:04.3 Judy Pollock (AUS) 2:04.5 Anne Smith (ENG) 2:05.0
80 metres hurdles Pam Kilborn (AUS) 10.9 Carmen Smith (JAM) 11.0 Jenny Wingerson (CAN) 11.0
High jump Michele Brown (AUS) 1.73 m Dorothy Shirley (ENG) 1.70 m Robyn Woodhouse (AUS) 1.70 m
Long jump Mary Rand (ENG) 6.36 m Sheila Parkin (ENG) 6.30 m Violet Odogwu (NGA) 6.15 m
Shot put Val Young (NZL) 16.50 m Mary Peters (NIR) 16.29 m Nancy McCredie (CAN) 15.34 m
Discus throw Val Young (NZL) 49.78 m Jean Roberts (AUS) 49.20 m Carol Martin (CAN) 48.70 m
Javelin throw Margaret Parker (AUS) 51.38 m Anna Bocson (AUS) 47.80 m Jay Dahlgren (CAN) 47.68 m
4×110 yards relay Australia (AUS)
Dianne Burge
Jennifer Lamy
Joyce Bennett
Pamela Ryan 45.3 GR England (ENG)
Daphne Slater
Janet Simpson
Jill Hall
Maureen Tranter 45.6 Jamaica (JAM)
Adlin Mair-Clarke
Carmen Smith
Una Morris
Vilma Charlton 45.6
Medal table[edit]
Key
The host country is highlighted in lavender blue
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Australia 11 8 2 21
2 England 5 7 6 18
3 New Zealand 5 1 4 9
4 Canada 3 3 9 16
5 Kenya 3 1 1 5
6 Trinidad and Tobago 2 2 1 5
7 Ghana 2 0 0 2
8 Nigeria 1 3 2 6
9 Wales 1 2 0 3
10 Scotland 1 0 1 2
11 Jamaica 0 2 4 6
12 Northern Ireland 0 2 0 2
13= Bermuda 0 1 0 1
13= Bahamas 0 1 0 1
13= India 0 1 0 1
14 Pakistan 0 0 3 3
15 Barbados 0 0 1 1
Total
34
34
34
102
References[edit]
Commonwealth Games Medallists - Men. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2010-08-13.
Commonwealth Games Medallists - Women. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2010-08-13.
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Halloween (2018 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Halloween
Teaser poster
Directed by
David Gordon Green
Produced by
Malek Akkad
Jason Blum
Bill Block
Written by
Jeff Fradley
Danny McBride
David Gordon Green
Based on
Characters
by
John Carpenter
Debra Hill
Starring
Jamie Lee Curtis
Judy Greer
Andi Matichak
Will Patton
Virginia Gardner[1]
Music by
John Carpenter[2]
Cody Carpenter
Daniel Davies[3]
Cinematography
Michael Simmonds[4]
Edited by
Tim Alverson[1]
Production
companies
Trancas International Films
Blumhouse Productions
Miramax
Rough House Pictures
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
September 8, 2018 (2018-09-08) (TIFF)
October 19, 2018 (2018-10-19) (United States)
Running time
109 minutes[5]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$10 million[6]
Halloween is an upcoming American slasher film directed by David Gordon Green and written by Green, Jeff Fradley, and Danny McBride. It is the eleventh installment in the Halloween franchise, and is a direct sequel to the 1978 film of the same name, while disregarding the continuity of the previous sequels.[7] After failing to develop a new Halloween film in time, Dimension Films lost the filming rights, which were later obtained by Blumhouse Productions, with John Carpenter's involvement. Carpenter, co-creator of the original Halloween, serves as a composer, executive producer and creative consultant for the film.
Set forty years after the original film, Laurie Strode comes face-to-face with Michael Myers for one final showdown on Halloween night. Jamie Lee Curtis and Nick Castle reprise their roles as Strode and Myers, respectively, with stuntman James Jude Courtney also portraying Myers. The film also stars Judy Greer, Andi Matichak, Will Patton, and Virginia Gardner.
Principal photography commenced on January 13, 2018, in South Carolina and concluded on February 19, 2018. The film will premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in September, and is set for release on October 19, 2018, a week before the 40th anniversary of John Carpenter's original Halloween.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Writing and pre-production
3.3 Casting
3.4 Filming
3.5 Music
4 Marketing
5 Release
6 Merchandising
7 Future films
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
The film picks up 40 years after the events of the 1978 original, where Laurie Strode comes face-to-face with Michael Myers for one final confrontation.[8]
Cast[edit]
Jamie Lee Curtis as Laurie Strode
Judy Greer as Karen Strode
Andi Matichak as Allyson Strode
Will Patton as Hawkins
Virginia Gardner as Vicky
Nick Castle and James Jude Courtney as Michael Myers / The Shape
Miles Robbins as Dave
Dylan Arnold as Cameron
Drew Scheid as Oscar
Omar J. Dorsey as Sheriff Barker
Rob Niter as Deputy Sheriff Walker
Toby Huss as Ray
Jefferson Hall as Martin
Rhian Rees as Dana Haines
Jibrail Nantambu as Julian
Haluk Bilginer as Sartain
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Produer Jason Blum
In 2011, it was announced that a sequel to 2009's Halloween II, titled Halloween 3D, would be released on October 26, 2012. At the time of the announcement, there was no director or writer attached to the project. Originally, Patrick Lussier and Todd Farmer were labeled as writers but dropped out due to their occupancy on the Hellraiser reboot. The film would pick up where the final frame of its predecessor left off, and would pay homage to the original version of Michael Myers from the 1978 film.[9] It was dropped from its release schedule of October 26, 2012, as no progress had been made.[10]
In February 2015, it was reported that Patrick Melton and Marcus Dunstan would be writing a new Halloween film, described as a "recalibration" rather than a reboot, along with Malek Akkad and Matt Stein producing.[11] On June 15, 2015, it was further reported that The Weinstein Company was moving ahead with another Halloween sequel, tentatively titled Halloween Returns with Dunstan directing. It would have been a standalone film set to reintroduce audiences to Michael Myers years after his initial rampage from Halloween and 1981's Halloween II, as he was confronted by a new generation of victims while on death row.[12][13] On October 22, 2015, producer Malek Akkad revealed that the production of Halloween Returns had been postponed, stating that the extra time would result in a better film.[14] Malek said on the matter, "Although, I have to say, and this is somewhat new news, but unfortunately things happen in Hollywood where you have issues with studios and different variables. We've had to take a step back and now we're trying to re-figure this beast that is the new Halloween. So there is a bit of a delay, but this new Halloween isn't going to be quite what has been announced and what people are expecting, so we're making some changes there as well."[15] In December 2015, it was announced that Dimension Films no longer had the filming rights to Halloween, after Halloween Returns failed to go into production on schedule.[16] The film's cancellation was confirmed at the same time.[17]
On May 24, 2016, it was announced that Blumhouse Productions and Miramax were co-financing a new film. Blumhouse CEO Jason Blum called the original Halloween a milestone that had influenced the company to begin making horror films, "The great Malek Akkad and John Carpenter have a special place in the hearts of all genre fans and we are so excited that Miramax brought us together."[18] The rights specifically went to Miramax and Tarik Akkad, who sought out Blum because of his success as a horror film producer.[19]
Writing and pre-production[edit]
Director and co-writer David Gordon Green
When John Carpenter, who had co-written the first two Halloween films with Debra Hill and directed the original, signed on as an executive producer in 2016, he described his intention: "Thirty-eight years after the original Halloween, I'm going to help to try to make the 10th sequel the scariest of them all."[20] He discussed his reasoning for revisiting the series for the first time since producing 1982's Halloween III: Season of the Witch in an interview with Rotten Tomatoes, "I talked about the Halloweens for a long time, the sequels — I haven’t even seen all of them... But finally it occurred to me: Well if I'm just flapping my gums here, why don't I try to make it as good as I can? So, you know, stop throwing rocks from the sidelines and get in there and try to do something positive."[21] When the rights were acquired by Blumhouse, filmmaker Adam Wingard discussed making a new Halloween film, but ultimately dropped out after being sated by an email of encouragement from Carpenter, "I kinda walked away from it like, I just got everything I wanted out of this job. 'This is about as good as it gets.'"[22] David Gordon Green and Danny McBride were publicised on February 9, 2017 to handle screenwriting duties, with Green directing and Carpenter advising the project.[23] Carpenter said that he was impressed with the pitch presented by the co-writers, solicited by Jason Blum, proclaiming that "They get it."
Rather than reboot the series again, they chose to focus primarily on continuing the mythology of the first two films when developing the story,[24] with Danny McBride stating, "We all came to the decision that remaking something that already works isn't a good idea. So we just have a reimagining instead."[25] The pitch was created by the writers specifically to present to Carpenter, as they were self-described fans of the original Halloween to begin with. The story was eventually fleshed out so that all of the sequels were ignored from continuity, and the ending of the first film was retconned in what McBride likened to an alternate reality.[26] However, he later said that the film still pays tribute to the other films, despite sharing no direct continuity, "you know like there's so many different versions, and the timeline is so mixed up, we just thought it would be easier to go back to the source and continue from there. It was nicer than knowing you're working on Halloween 11, it just seemed cooler, 'we're making Halloween 2'. For fans, we pay homage and respect to every Halloween that has been out there."[27] Despite Green and McBride's comedy roots, Halloween was distanced from the comedy genre. McBride further elaborated that "I think there was, like, maybe one joke on the page, but the rest is straight horror."[7] Believing that "good horror movie directors are good directors", Jason Blum hired Green for his perceived "amazing" storytelling. No large steps were taken without Carpenter's approval, including the acceptance of the initial pitch and bringing back actress Jamie Lee Curtis.[28]
Displeased with Rob Zombie's re-imagining and added backstory of murderer Michael Myers, Carpenter wanted to take the character back to his more mysterious roots, describing him as "a force of nature. He's supposed to be almost supernatural."[29] McBride detailed his approach as humanizing the character, "I think we're just trying to take it back to what was so good about the original. It was just very simple and just achieved that level of horror that wasn't turning Michael Myers into some being that couldn't be killed. I want to be scared by something that I really think could happen. I think it's much more horrifying to be scared by someone standing in the shadows while you're taking the trash out."[30]
Casting[edit]
Jamie Lee Curtis reprises her role as Laurie Strode.
In September 2017, Jamie Lee Curtis confirmed that she would reprise her role as Laurie Strode.[31][32][33] In contrast to the character's final girl role in the original film, Laurie armed herself and prepared extensively in the time period between films in case Michael Myers ever returned.[34] Although Halloween II and its latter installments have portrayed Myers as a familicidal killer and Laurie as his sister, the writers felt that the added motive made him less frightening as a killer. As such, they intentionally ignored that aspect of the lore.[35] In the trailer for the film, Strode's granddaughter, played by Andi Matichak, explains how her life has been impacted by Michael's reign of terror 40 years earlier. When a friend hints that they heard Michael was Laurie's brother, Matichak's character replies, "No, it was not her brother, that was something people made up."[36] The writers did not originally know if Curtis would be willing to return, according to McBride, so they "busted [their] ass on this script to really make that Laurie Strode character something she wouldn't be able to say no to."[7] On why she returned, Curtis stated, "As soon as I read what David Green and Danny McBride had come up with … and the way that they connected the dots of the story, it made so much sense to me that it felt totally appropriate for me to return to Haddonfield, Ill., for another 40th-anniversary retelling. It's the original story in many, many, many ways. Just retold 40 years later with my granddaughter."[37] Curtis had previously returned as Laurie in the sequels Halloween II (1981), Halloween H20: 20 Years Later, and Halloween: Resurrection.
The following October, Judy Greer entered negotiations to play Laurie's daughter Karen Strode.[38] Danielle Harris, who played Laurie's daughter Jamie Lloyd in the original continuity's Halloween 4 and Halloween 5, contacted Blumhouse with the offer to reprise her role in some way, but the studio planned to go with a different daughter character, to Harris' disappointment: "I was okay with it when she had a son... but they're saying it's the last one and... she has a daughter. And it's not Jamie. It's just kind of a bummer, I guess."[39][40][41][42][43] On December 7, 2017, Andi Matichak was cast to play Laurie's granddaughter Allyson.[44]
Nick Castle reprises his role as Michael Myers for the first time in forty years.
On December 20, 2017, it was announced that Nick Castle, who portrayed Michael Myers in the original film, would be reprising his role, with actor and stuntman James Jude Courtney set to portray Myers as well.[45][46][47] Courtney was suggested to Malek Akkad and David Gordon Green by stunt coordinator Rawn Hutchinson for his ability to do both physical stunts and genuine acting, auditioning afterwards and receiving a phone call in December 2017 affirming that he had landed the role. Green explained to him his vision for Myers' mannerisms, an amalgamation of Castle's original performance and the addition of an efficient cat-eque style of movement. Courtney tailored his portrayal to those specifications from observing an actual cat, "I think cats are the most perfect hunting machines on the planet. And the beauty of it is we don't judge a cat for what a cat does. So I sort of carried that movement and the non-judgmental approach to the way I moved as The Shape, which I learned from my cat Parcival." He referred to collaborating with Castle as an "honor", with Castle describing it as a "passing of the torch". He used John Carpenter and Castle's work on the original film to determine how the forty years that transpired between the events of the films would inform the character over time.[4]
On January 13, 2018, Virginia Gardner, Miles Robbins, Dylan Arnold and Drew Scheid were confirmed to play Allyson's friends, respectively.[47] On January 16, 2018, Will Patton was publicized to have joined the film's roster.[48] He was later joined by Rob Niter, both actors being announced to portray police officers, as well as British actress Rhian Rees, who was cast as a character named Dana.[49] Speaking of the cast, Nick Castle stated that "What I like about this (new film) is they've got some really good young actors. They fleshed out the relationship of Jamie's character with her daughter and her granddaughter. And they made some choices that I think are really bold choices about who these people are and why they are the way they are now."[50] On July 27, 2018, it was announced that a sound-alike actor would provide a voice over for Dr. Sam Loomis, who was originally portrayed by Donald Pleasence.[51]
Filming[edit]
Principal production began on January 13, 2018 in Charleston, South Carolina. Originally, it was set to begin in late October 2017,[52][53] but was delayed until January 2018.[54] Michael Simmonds served cinematography duties, with Paul Daley and Stewart Cantrell operating the camera.[4] According to Danny McBride, the horror of the film aims to create a sense of tension and dread to the audience rather than relying on graphic violence;[55] the make-up and visual effects were provided by Christopher Nelson.[45] Jamie Lee Curtis finished her scenes on February 16, 2018,[56] with the remaining principal photography concluding on February 19, 2018.[57] Response to the film's first test screening led the filmmakers to schedule reshoots beginning June 11, 2018, where they will adjust the end scene. Filming will take place again in Charleston.[58]
Courtney did a week of rehearsal before filming began. Nelson used a life cast of his face to construct the Michael Myers' mask and other prosthetics worn by the actor.[4] The mask was weathered and aged to reflect the character's "authentic evolution" since the original.[34] Courtney was involved in every scene featuring Myers, including those of Nick Castle, who was only involved for a minimal amount of filming, which Castle described to the journalists on set as a cameo appearance: "Jim is our Michael Myers now." Castle expressed that it was the filmmakers intention to maintain the atmosphere of the original and that, like the 1978 film, "it's very neighborhood-centric... There are a lot of things coinciding (in the new film) that feel like clever ways to introduce a kind of déjà vu of the first one, without feeling like it's being copied. It was the first thing out of their mouths really: 'We want to do it like John [Carpenter] did it.'"[50]
Nelson accompanied Courtney throughout filming, providing him with acting advice from his own knowledge of the characters of the Halloween films.[4] Nelson had been interviewed and examined for the film by Akkad and Green after a conversation with Blumhouse producer Ryan Turek, who he was already acquainted with. Collaborating with fellow make-up effects artist Vincent Van Dyke, some of his designs and concepts were initially rejected due to legal complications, which were later straightened out as he began his work on the film. Rather than trying to copy the design of the original mask, he simply intended on recapturing what he described as the visual "feeling" of it. Because the film is set forty years after the events of the original, he studied the decomposition and wrinkling of forty-year-old masks over time while outlining his take on Myers' look, "You're not creating just a mask. You're creating a feeling that you get that does have an expression.. But also the mask looks completely different in every single angle it's ever been photographed at, and I wanted that feeling too." Courtney was hired after Nelson advised Green not to cast a hulking stuntman in the role in compliance with the first film.[59][better source needed]
Music[edit]
After previously providing the score for the original Halloween, Halloween II, and Halloween III: Season of the Witch, John Carpenter confirmed in October 2017 that he had made a deal to score the 2018 release. Regarding his take on the sequel, he said, "I'll be consulting with the director to see what he feels. I could create a new score, we could update the old score and amplify it, or we could combine those two things. I'll have to see the movie to see what it requires."[60]
Marketing[edit]
The CinemaCon film convention premiered exclusive footage on April 25, 2018, garnering positive reactions from those in attendance.[61] The film had a presentation at the San Diego Comic-Con in Hall H on July 20, 2018, which featured Jamie Lee Curtis, David Gordon Green, Malek Akkad, and Jason Blum in attendance.[62] During the panel, which featured an extended scene and trailer, Curtis discussed how the film ties in with the Me Too movement, describing it as a film about "trauma", stating, "[Laurie's] taking back her narrative. She has carried the trauma and PTSD of someone who was attacked [...] And there comes a point where you say, I am not a victim. And this is a person who has been waiting 40 years [for the chance]."[63]
Release[edit]
Halloween will have its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2018, as part of the festival's Midnight Madness section.[64] The film is scheduled to be released theatrically on October 19, 2018.[24] An independent documentary titled The Shape Lives: 40 Years of Halloween was announced April 4, 2018, which will cover the making of Halloween, its impact, and the many sequels.[65] It will be released on YouTube October 10, 2018, nine days before the release of Halloween (2018).
Merchandising[edit]
Trick or Treat Studios obtained the official costume licensing rights for the film. Both Nelson and Vincent Van Dyke joined their design team, who used toolings from the screen-used mold of Michael Myers' mask to adapt it for mass market sale.[66][67]
Future films[edit]
In October 2017, Carpenter said that the film would be the final installment of the series.[68] However, in June 2018, McBride confirmed that he and Green originally had intended to pitch two films that would be shot back-to-back, after deciding against it and waiting to see the reaction to the first film: "We were going to shoot two of them back-to-back. Then we were like, 'Well, let's not get ahead of ourselves. This could come out, and everyone could hate us, and we'd never work again. So, let's not have to sit around for a year while we wait for another movie to come out that we know people aren't going to like.' So, we were like, 'Let's learn from this, and see what works, and what doesn't.' But we definitely have an idea of where we would go [with] this branch of the story and hopefully we get a chance to do it."[69]
See also[edit]
List of retroactive continuities
List of horror films of 2018
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b https://horrorpedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/tumblr_pdk5e15Ulw1thr7ppo5_1280.jpg?w=300
Jump up ^ Blum, Jason. "Jason Blum on Twitter: "Confirm!..."". Twitter. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Halloween: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack". Sacred Bones Records.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Artz, Matt. "[Interview] Meet James Jude Courtney, Your New Michael Myers in 'Halloween' 2018". Halloween Daily News. Archived from the original on 28 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Halloween at the Toronto International Film Festival". tiff. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lang, Brent (June 21, 2018). "'Halloween': Jamie Lee Curtis, Jason Blum Dish on Michael Myers' Return". Variety. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bierly, Mandi (November 13, 2017). "Danny McBride on 'Halloween': 'I just hope that we don't f*** it up and piss people off'". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on November 13, 2017. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ PATRICK CAVANAUGH (May 23, 2018). "Official 'Halloween' Sequel Synopsis Revealed". ComicBook.com. Retrieved July 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ Williams, Owen (June 21, 2011). "Halloween 3D Gets A Release Date". Empire Online. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
Jump up ^ Turek, Ryan (March 7, 2012). "Halloween 3D Officially Bumped from 2012". Shock Till You Drop. Archived from the original on April 11, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "'Saw' Writers Hired to Tackle New 'Halloween' Horror Movie (Exclusive)". Archived from the original on 2016-05-05.
Jump up ^ Mr Disgusting (June 15, 2015). "Michael Myers Resurrected In 'Halloween Returns'!". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on June 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Mr Disgusting (June 15, 2015). "Who's Directing 'Halloween Returns'?! (Exclusive)". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on June 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Hamman, Cody (2015-10-22). "The next Halloween Film Has Been Delayed for Refiguring." Archived 2015-10-25 at the Wayback Machine. JoBlo.com. JoBlo Movie Network. Retrieved 2015-12-14.
Jump up ^ Wixson, Heather (October 21, 2015). "Exclusive: Malek Akkad Discusses Changes to Upcoming HALLOWEEN Sequel". Daily Dead. Archived from the original on January 14, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sneider, Jeff (December 29, 2015). "'Halloween' Franchise Up for Grabs as Dimension Lets Michael Myers Slip Away". The Wrap. Archived from the original on January 14, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Crow, David (December 28, 2015). "Halloween Returns with Michael Myers Cancelled". Den of Geek!. Archived from the original on January 1, 2016. Retrieved January 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Anderton, Ethan (May 24, 2016). "UPDATED: 'Halloween' Sequel Executive Produced by John Carpenter Finds a Director". SlashFilm. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Garris, Mick (February 14, 2018). "Episode 1: John Carpenter - "The rights went back to Miramax and Tarik Akkad and they went to Jason because he's a really successful horror producer."". Post Mortem with Mick Garris. Archived from the original on February 18, 2018. Retrieved February 18, 2018. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ Child, Ben (May 24, 2016). "John Carpenter to make new Halloween film 'the scariest of them all'". TheGuardian. Archived from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Staff, RT (January 29, 2017). "WE KILLED JOHN CARPENTER ON TWITTER AND HE WAS PISSED, BUT WE'RE COOL NOW". Rotten Tomatoes. Archived from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Miska, Brad (August 25, 2017). "Adam Wingard Confirms He Nearly Directed 'Halloween'". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on January 14, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (2017-02-09). "Halloween & Down? David Gordon Green To Direct New Franchise Take, Pen Script With Danny McBride". Deadline. Archived from the original on 2017-02-10. Retrieved 2017-02-09.
^ Jump up to: a b Galluzzo, Rob (February 9, 2017). "David Gordon Green, Danny McBride Will Direct/Write The New HALLOWEEN Movie for Blumhouse!". Blumhouse Productions. Archived from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kohn, Eric (May 3, 2017). "How Danny McBride, David Gordon Green, and Jody Hill Are Revolutionizing American Comedy and Beyond". Indiwire. Archived from the original on January 14, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bierly, Mandi (2017-11-13). "Danny McBride on 'Halloween': 'I just hope that we don't f*** it up and piss people off'". Yahoo!. Archived from the original on 2017-11-13. Retrieved 2017-11-14. McBride is keeping mum on plot details, however, other than to confirm what’s already out there. “We’re kind of ignoring all the films past the first one,” he says. “It picks up after the first one, but it’s sort of an alternate reality. It’s as if the first Halloween ended in a slightly different way.”
Jump up ^ Flickering Myth (11 March 2018). "Danny McBride: New Halloween "pays homage to every Halloween movie" - Exclusive" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Evry, Max (September 30, 2017). "Exclusive: Jason Blum Dishes on the Halloween Reboot". ComingSoon.Net. Archived from the original on October 25, 2017. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chichizola, Corey. "John Carpenter's Blunt Opinion On Rob Zombie's Version Of Halloween". Cinema Blend. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "#262: Danny McBride". Empire Film Podcast. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Curtis, Jamie Lee [@jamieleecurtis] (September 15, 2017). ""Same porch. Same clothes. Same issues. 40 years later. Headed back to Haddonfield one last time for Halloween. Release date 10/19/18."" (Tweet). Retrieved September 15, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Parker, Ryan. "Jamie Lee Curtis Returning to 'Halloween' Franchise". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Everything We Know About David Gordon Green's 'Halloween'". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "See first photos of Jamie Lee Curtis vs. Michael Myers in horrifying new 'Halloween'". USA Today. Archived from the original on 7 June 2018. Retrieved 7 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "NEW MICHAEL MYERS WON'T BE IMMORTAL & WON'T HAVE A SISTER". JoBlo. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Halloween' Trailer Confirms Major Change to Michael Myers Mythology". Retrieved 30 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "Jamie Lee Curtis promises new 'Halloween' will be terrifying, says it goes 'full-tilt boogeyman'". Yahoo. Archived from the original on 20 April 2018. Retrieved 20 April 2018.
Jump up ^ N'Duka, Amanda. "Judy Greer In Talks To Join Jamie Lee Curtis In 'Halloween' Reboot". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 3 October 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Stephens, David (November 7, 2017). "Halloween's Danielle Harris Is Bummed About The Reboot". Screen Rant. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sprague, Mike. "Danielle Harris Tried to Get Jamie Lloyd into New Halloween Movie". Dread Central. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Cavanaugh, Patrick. "'Halloween' Franchise Star "Bummed out" to Not Be in Upcoming Sequel". Comicbook.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 6 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Squires, John (December 5, 2017). "Danielle Harris Offers More Thoughts On Jamie Lloyd Being Rectonned Out of 'Halloween'". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lawson, Karly (December 7, 2017). "Danielle Harris Continues To Address New 'Halloween'". Pophorror.com. Retrieved July 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ N'Duka, Amanda (2017-12-07). "Andi Matichak To Join Jamie Lee Curtis In 'Halloween' Reboot". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on 2017-12-08. Retrieved 2017-12-08.
^ Jump up to: a b Miska, Brad. "Original Shape Actor Playing Michael Myers in 'Halloween' 2018! [Exclusive]". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on 21 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Keene, Allison (December 20, 2017). "The 'Halloween' Reboot Will Bring Back the Original Michael Myers Actor". Collider. Archived from the original on December 28, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Miska, Brad (2017-01-13). "More 'Halloween' Cast Announced As Filming Begins!". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on 2018-01-13. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
Jump up ^ Sneider, Jeff. "WILL PATTON JOINS JAMIE LEE CURTIS IN BLUMHOUSE'S "HALLOWEEN" SEQUEL (EXCLUSIVE)". The Tracking Board. Archived from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Hamman, Cody (January 30, 2018). "LAURIE STRODE IS BACK IN NEW HALLOWEEN IMAGE, AND SO IS HER HAIR". Joblo. Archived from the original on February 7, 2018. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Artz, Matt. "[Interview] Nick Castle Talks Reprising Michael Myers in 'Halloween' 2018". HalloweenDailyNews. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Dr. Loomis Has a Voice Cameo in Halloween 2018". 27 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Marc, Christopher. "'Halloween' Begins Shooting In South Carolina This Month". OmegaUnderground. Archived from the original on 1 October 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Pritchard, Tiffany. "Five Questions for Stronger Director David Gordon Green". Filmmaker Magazine. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Miska, Brad (2017-11-21). "'Halloween' Filming Delayed Until January". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on 2017-11-21. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
Jump up ^ Young, Kevin (2017-11-29). "Danny McBride, Charleston's newest resident celebrity, talks uncomfortable comedy, Halloween, and a career playing "asshole douchebags"". Charleston City Paper. Archived from the original on 2017-12-01. Retrieved 2017-12-01.
Jump up ^ Curtis, Jamie (2018-02-16). "Jamie Lee Curtis on Twitter". Twitter (verified account). Archived from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2018-02-18. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ Turek, Ryan (2018-02-19). "Ryan Turek on Instagram". Instagram. Archived from the original on 2018-02-19. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
Jump up ^ Miska, Brad. "'Halloween' Reshoots Confirmed to Be Taking Place This Month". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on 5 June 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Cavanaugh, Patrick. "'Halloween' Sequel Makeup Designer Teases New Look of Michael Myers Mask". ComicBook.Com. Archived from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Leak, Brain. "John Carpenter Discusses Movie Themes Anthology, Directorial Career & Overcoming Stage Fright". Billboard. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Squires, John. "David Gordon Green On When You'll See the First 'Halloween' Trailer Online". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on 4 June 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Bonomolo, Cameron. "'Halloween' Star Jamie Lee Curtis Confirms San Diego Comic-Con Appearance". Retrieved 3 July 2018.
Jump up ^ {{cite web|last=Collura|first=Scott|last=Vejoda|first=Jim|title=MICHAEL MYERS LIVES AND IS BLOODY AS EVER IN NEW HALLOWEEN FOOTAGE - COMIC-CON 2018|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2018/07/26/michael-myers-lives-and-is-bloody-as-ever-in-new-halloween-footage-comic-con-2018%7Caccessdate=August 6, 2018|
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (August 9, 2018). "'Predator,' 'Halloween,' 'Fahrenheit 11/9' to Premiere at Toronto Film Festival". variety. Retrieved August 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ SquabbleBox.co.uk - Entertainment Under Attack (2018-04-04), The Shape Lives: 40 Years of Halloween - TEASER TRAILER, retrieved 2018-08-20
Jump up ^ Squires, John. "Trick or Treat Studios Releasing Aged Michael Myers Masks from This Year's Movie Mold!". Bloody Disgusting. Archived from the original on 10 April 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Halloween 2018". Trick or Treat Studios. Archived from the original on 4 June 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "John Carpenter's Shocking Announcement: Next "HALLOWEEN" Will Be THE LAST". 31 October 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
Jump up ^ "'Halloween' co-screenwriter Danny McBride almost pitched making back-to-back sequels". Retrieved 30 July 2018.
External links[edit]
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Nissim Ezekiel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nissim Ezekiel
Born
(1924-12-16)16 December 1924
Bombay, British India
Died
9 January 2004(2004-01-09) (aged 79)
Bombay, India
Occupation
Poet, playwright, art critic, editor
Nationality
Indian
Period
1952–2004
Nissim Ezekiel ( December 16, 1924 – January 6, 2004) was an Indian Jewish poet, actor, playwright, editor and art-critic. He was a foundational figure in postcolonial India's literary history, specifically for Indian writing in English.
He was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1983 for his Poetry collection, "Latter-Day Psalms", by the Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters.[1] Ezekiel has been applauded for his subtle, restrained and well crafted diction, dealing with common and mundane themes in a manner that manifests both cognitive profundity, as well as an unsentimental, realistic sensibility, that has been influential on the course of succeeding Indian English poetry. Ezekiel enriched and established Indian English language poetry through his modernist innovations and techniques, which enlarged Indian English literature, moving it beyond purely spiritual and orientalist themes, to include a wider range of concerns and interests, including mundane familial events, individual angst and skeptical societal introspection.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Editor
4 Books by Ezekiel
4.1 Editor
5 Poems
6 Death
7 References
8 Further reading
Early life[edit]
Ezekiel was born on 16 December 1924 in Mumbai (Maharashtra). His father was a professor of botany at Wilson College, and his mother was principal of her own school. The Ezekiels belonged to Mumbai's Marathi-speaking Jewish community known as the Bene Israel.[2]
In 1947, Ezekiel earned a BA in Literature from Wilson College, Mumbai, University of Mumbai. In 1947-48, he taught English literature and published literary articles. After dabbling in radical politics for a while, he sailed to England in November 1948. He studied philosophy at Birkbeck College, London. After three and a half years stay, Ezekiel worked his way home as a deck-scrubber aboard a ship carrying arms to Indochina.
Career[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Ezekiel's first book, The Bad Day, appeared in 1952. He published another volume of poems, The deadly man in 1960. After working as an advertising copywriter and general manager of a picture frame company (1954–59), he co-founded the literary monthly Jumpo, in 1961. He became art critic of The Names of India (1964–66) and edited Poetry India (1966–67). From 1961 to 1972, he headed the English department of Mithibai College, Bombay. The Exact Name, his fifth book of poetry was published in 1965. During this period he held short-term tenure as visiting professor at University of Leeds (1964) and University of Pondicherry (1967). In 1967, while in America, he used LSD. In 1969, Writers Workshop, Ezekiel published his The Damn Plays. A year later, he presented an art series of ten programmes for Indian television. In 1976, he translated Jawarharlal Nehru poetry from English to Marathi, in collaboration with Vrinda Nabar, and co-edited a fiction and poetry anthology. His poem The Night Of The Scorpion is used as study material in Indian and Columbian schools. Ezekiel also penned poems in ‘Indian English’ like the one based on instruction boards in his favourite Irani café. His poems are used in NCERT and ICSE English textbooks.
He was honoured with the Padmashri award by the President of India in 1988 and the Sahitya akademi cultural award in 1983.
Editor[edit]
He edited The Indian P.E.N., the official organ of P.E.N. All-India Centre, Bombay from The Theosophy Hall, New Marine Lines, Bombay now Mumbai and encouraged poets and writers.[3]
Books by Ezekiel[edit]
Poetry
1952: Time To Change[4]
1953: Sixty poems[4]
1956: The Discovery of India[4]
1959: The Third[4]
1960: The Unfinished Man[4]
1965: The Exact Name[4]
1974: Snakeskin and Other Poems, translations of the Marathi poet Indira Sant
1976: Hymns in Darkness
1982: Latter-Day Psalms
1989: Collected Poems 1952-88 OUP
Other
1969: The Three Plays
Editor[edit]
1965: An Emerson Readers[4]
1969: A Joseph King Reader[4]
1990: Another India, anthology of fiction and poetry[4]
Naipaul's India and mine- an essay
Poems[edit]
The Couple
Enterprise
A Time to Change
Island
For Elkana
The Professor
Soap
Marriage
In the country cott
The Paradise Flycatcher
Night of The Scorpion
Goodbye party for miss Pushpa T.S.
Entertainment
Death[edit]
After a prolonged battle with Alzheimer’s disease, Nissim Ezekiel died in Mumbai, on 9 January 2004 (aged 79).[5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Sahitya Akademi Award - English (Official listings)". Sahitya Akademi. Archived from the original on 11 June 2010.
Jump up ^ Joffe, Lawrence (9 March 2004). "Obituary: Nissim Ezekiel". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
Jump up ^ "The Indian P.E.N". Google Books. Google Books / Little Mag Archives. Retrieved 15 January 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i [1] Kumar, Jai, "Obituary: Nissim Ezekiel", The Independent, 26 March 2004, accessed via Find Articles/LookSmart Ltd. Web site, accessed 16 October 2007
Jump up ^ http://www.profkvdominic.com/?page_id=384
Further reading[edit]
R. Raj Rao, Nissim Ezekiel: The Authorized Biography (Viking, 2000)
[hide]
v
t
e
Sahitya Akademi Award for English
1960–1970
The Guide by R. K. Narayan (1960)
The Serpent and the Rope by Raja Rao (1964)
The Tribal World of Verrier Elwin by Verrier Elwin (1965)
Shadow From Ladakh by Bhabani Bhattacharya (1967)
An Artist in Life by Niharranjan Ray (1969)
1971–1980
Morning Face by Mulk Raj Anand (1971)
Scholar Extraordinary by Nirad C. Chaudhuri (1975)
Jawaharlal Nehru by Sarvepalli Gopal (1976)
Azadi by Chaman Nahal (1977)
Fire on the Mountain by Anita Desai (1978)
Inside the Haveli by Rama Mehta (1979)
On the Mother by K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar (1980)
1981–1990
Relationship by Jayanta Mahapatra (1981)
The Last Labyrinth by Arun Joshi (1982)
Latter-Day Psalms by Nissim Ezekiel (1983)
The Keeper of the Dead by Keki N. Daruwalla (1984)
Collected Poems by Kamala Das (1985)
Rich Like Us by Nayantara Sahgal (1986)
Trapfalls In the Sky by Shiv K. Kumar (1987)
The Golden Gate by Vikram Seth (1988)
The Shadow Lines by Amitav Ghosh (1989)
That Long Silence by Shashi Deshpande (1990)
1991–2000
The Trotter-Nama by Allan Sealy (1991)
Our Trees Still Grow In Dehra by Ruskin Bond (1992)
After Amnesia by G. N. Devy (1993)
Serendip by Dom Moraes (1994)
Memories of Rain by Sunetra Gupta (1996)
Final Solutions and Other Plays by Mahesh Dattani (1998)
The Collected Poems by A. K. Ramanujan (1999)
Cuckold by Kiran Nagarkar (2000)
2001–2010
Rajaji: A Life by Rajmohan Gandhi (2001)
A New World by Amit Chaudhuri (2002)
The Perishable Empire by Meenakshi Mukherjee (2003)
The Mammaries of the Welfare State by Upamanyu Chatterjee (2004)
The Algebra of Infinite Justice by Arundhati Roy (2005)
The Sari Shop by Rupa Bajwa (2006)
Disorderly Women by Malathi Rao (2007)
Mahabharata: An Inquiry into the Human Condition by Chaturvedi Badrinath (2009)
The Book of Rachel by Esther David (2010)
2011–present
India after Gandhi by Ramachandra Guha (2011)
These Errors are Correct by Jeet Thayil (2012)
Laburnum For My Head by Temsula Ao (2013)
Trying to Say Goodbye by Adil Jussawalla (2014)
Chronicle of a Corpse Bearer by Cyrus Mistry (2015)
Em and The Big Hoom by Jerry Pinto (2016)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 64083865
LCCN: n50010920
ISNI: 0000 0001 0908 9927
SUDOC: 059639180
BNF: cb12363550v (data)
IATH: w6vc1s8v
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissim_Ezekiel&oldid=801886914"
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Bene Israel
Jewish poets
English-language poets from India
Indian male poets
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2004 deaths
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This page was last edited on 22 September 2017, at 15:05.
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