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Information technology in India
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Information technology in India is an industry consisting of two major components: IT services and business process outsourcing (BPO).[1] The sector has increased its contribution to India's GDP from 1.2% in 1998 to 7.5% in 2012.[2] According to NASSCOM, the sector aggregated revenues of US$160 billion in 2017,[3][4] with export revenue standing at US$99 billion and domestic revenue at US$48 billion, growing by over 13%. USA accounts for more than 60 per cent of Indian IT exports.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Contemporary situation
3 Future outlook
3.1 New directions in research and development
4 Major information technology hubs
5 Employment generation
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
History
See also: India Startup Ecosystem TimeLine
India's IT Services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of the Tata Group in partnership with Burroughs.[6] The first software export zone, SEEPZ – the precursor to the modern-day IT park – was established in Mumbai in 1973. More than 80 percent of the country's software exports were from SEEPZ in the 1980s.[7]
The Indian economy underwent major economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of globalization and international economic integration, and annual economic growth of over 6% from 1993–2002. The new administration under Atal Bihari Vajpayee (who was Prime Minister from 1998–2004) placed the development of Information Technology among its top five priorities and formed the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development.
Wolcott & Goodman (2003) report on the role of the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development:
Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced an extensive background report on the state of technology in India and an IT Action Plan with 108 recommendations. The Task Force could act quickly because it built upon the experience and frustrations of state governments, central government agencies, universities, and the software industry. Much of what it proposed was also consistent with the thinking and recommendanotions of international bodies like the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and World Bank. In addition, the Task Force incorporated the experiences of Singapore and other nations, which implemented similar programs. It was less a task of invention than of sparking action on a consensus that had already evolved within the networking community and government.
Regulated VSAT links became visible in 1994.[8] Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to relax regulations on linking in 1991:
In 1991 the Department of Electronics broke this impasse, creating a corporation called Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) that, being owned by the government, could provide VSAT communications without breaching its monopoly. STPI set up software technology parks in different cities, each of which provided satellite links to be used by firms; the local link was a wireless radio link. In 1993 the government began to allow individual companies their own dedicated links, which allowed work done in India to be transmitted abroad directly. Indian firms soon convinced their American customers that a satellite link was as reliable as a team of programmers working in the clients’ office.
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in 1991, the 64 kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible scale in 1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centre's NICNET.
"The New Telecommunications Policy, 1999" (NTP 1999) helped further liberalise India's telecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act, 2000 created legal procedures for electronic transactions and e-commerce.
A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November 2001 to further promote joint research and development. On 25 June 2002, India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field of science and technology. India holds observer status at CERN, while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Center will be located in Bangalore.[9]
Contemporary situation
In the contemporary world economy India is the second-largest exporter of IT. Exports dominate the Indian IT industry and constitute about 77% of the industry's total revenue. However, the domestic market is also significant, with robust revenue growth.[2] The industry’s share of total Indian exports (merchandise plus services) increased from less than 4% in FY1998 to about 25% in FY2012. The technologically-inclined services sector in India accounts for 40% of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of its workforce, according to Sharma (2006). According to Gartner, the "Top Five Indian IT Services Providers" are Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, Cognizant, Wipro, and HCL Technologies.[10]
Future outlook
The Indian IT market currently focuses on providing low-cost solutions in the services business of global IT. The presence of Indian companies in the product development business of global IT is very meager, however, this number is slowly on the rise. The other prominent trend is that IT jobs, once confined to Bangalore, are slowly starting to experience a geographical diffusion into other cities like Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune. According to Google estimates, the Indian community of developers will be the largest in the world by 2018.[11]
New directions in research and development
Research in the industry was earlier concentrated in Programming languages like Java, but in the recent times the research focus has changed towards technologies like Mobile computing, Cloud computing and Software as a Service. This shift is attributed to the preference of clients for ubiquitous computing over standalone computing.
Major information technology hubs
Sharma (2006) states: "Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Platuea of India and contributes 38% of Indian IT Exports. India's second and third largest software companies are headquartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global Companies. Cities like Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune and Gurgaon are also emerging as technology hubs, with many global IT companies establishing headquarters there. Numerous IT companies are also based in Mumbai.
Position
City
Description
1 Bangalore Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India[12][13] and the IT Capital of India. It is considered to be a global information technology hub and it is India's largest exporter both of IT overall and of software. Some of the top Indian IT service providers like Infosys, Wipro, Mindtree and Mphasis are headquartered in Bangalore. It is also the site of the national headquarters of many top international firms like Intel, Texas Instruments, Bosch, Yahoo, SAP Labs,Google India, EA, Apple Inc, SanDisk, Harman, Dell, Ericsson, Sabre, Goldman Sachs, HP, Cognizant, Boeing, Wells Fargo, Sony, AT&T, Flipkart, Walmart,Juniper Networks Inc, CenturyLink, Aricent, Samsung, Oracle, LG, Adobe, JPMorgan, Genpact, Accenture, IBM, Qualcomm, Cisco, LBrand, PayPal, eBay, Quest, Broadcom, Cerner, EY, Amazon, LinkedIn, BT, and Continental, among others. Bangalore alone accounts for more than 35% of all IT companies present in India and contains close to 5,000 companies, making it India's largest IT contributor.
2 Hyderabad Hyderabad – known as the HITEC City or Cyberabad – is a major global information technology hub, and the largest bioinformatics hub in India. Hyderabad has emerged as the second largest city in the country for software exports pipping competitors Chennai and Pune.[14][15][16][17] It is the site of the first Microsoft development center in India, which is also Microsoft's largest software development center outside of its headquarters in Redmond, USA.It has also many IT industries as Amazon(which is also a biggest outlet outside its headquarters). Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Apple, Wipro, Infosys, Oracle, franklin templeton, jp morgan, HSBC, wells fargo, Tech mahindra, and many more big it companies.India headquarters of Google, Facebook, Apple are locates in Hyderabad. Hyderabad is Largest Deloitte hub of India .The new government of Telangana is welcoming new investers and also supporting the small scale industries through T-HUB.[18] It contains close to 3,000 companies, making it India's second largest IT contributor
3 Pune Pune is one of the leading Indian and international IT services and outsourcing exporters. The next biggest IT park of India (Rajiv Gandhi IT Park at Hinjawadi) is expected to scale up to phase 7.
4 Chennai The city has a world-class IT infrastructure with dedicated expressway nicknamed as IT expressways, and many other IT parks promoted by both government agency (Elcot) Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu and private entities. The city's strong industrial base also favors the establishment of many major R&D centers in its vicinity.
5 Mumbai Mumbai is headquarters to Tata Consultancy Services, India's largest IT company. Other major IT companies based in the city include Datamatics, Patni, L&T Infotech, 3i Infotech, Mastek and Oracle FinServ.
6 National Capital Region The National Capital Region includes Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida, which are clusters of software development with offices of many Multi National Corporations.
7 Others Telangana which includes Warangal[19] and Khammam.,[20]
Gujarat which includes Ahmedabad and Vadodara,
Tamil Nadu which includes Coimbatore and Madurai.
Kerala where 55% of the exports come from its capital city Trivandrum and the majority of the rest from Kochi. Calicut is also another contributor from the state. Trivandrum houses technology giants like Oracle Corporation, TCS, Infosys, UST Global, Ernst & Young etc. Kochi also houses TCS, Cognizant, Wipro, KPMG, Ernst & Young, EXL, Etisalat, UST Global, Xerox etc.
Andhra Pradesh which includes Vijayawada, Kakinada, Visakhapatnam, and Tirupati.
Kolkata and Durgapur of West Bengal
Employment generation
The IT sector has also led to massive employment generation in India. The industry continues to be a net employment generator — expected to add 230,000 jobs in fiscal year 2012, thus directly employing about 2.8 million people and indirectly employing 8.9 million, making it a dominant player in the global outsourcing sector. However, it continues to face challenges of competitiveness in the globalised and modern world, particularly from countries like China and Philippines.
India's growing stature in the Information Age enabled it to form close ties with both the United States and the European Union. However, the recent global financial crises have deeply impacted Indian IT companies as well as global companies. As a result, hiring has dropped sharply, and employees are looking at different sectors like financial services, telecommunications, and manufacturing, which have been growing phenomenally over the last few years.[21]
With fundamental structural changes visible everywhere in the IT services due to Cloud computing, proliferation of Social media, Big data, Analytics all leading to digital services and digital economy, many of the leading companies in India's IT sector reported lower headcounts in their financial results.[22]
See also
Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India
Supercomputing in India
HITEC City
List of Indian IT companies
PARAM
First IT Company in Rupnagar
References
Jump up ^ Nirmal, Rajalakshmi. "IT's time for ctrl+alt+delete". The Hindu. Retrieved 26 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Indian IT-BPO Industry". NASSCOM. Archived from the original on 20 December 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Singh, Shelley (14 September 2017). "How the Indian IT services sector is seeking to make its biggest transformation". Retrieved 3 November 2017 – via The Economic Times.
Jump up ^ "Six major IT companies reduce employee strength by over 4,000 - Times of India". IndiaTimes.com. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Amid IT layoffs, this could be a reason to cheer".
Jump up ^ "Special Economic Zones: Profits At Any Cost". Doccentre.net. Archived from the original on 7 September 2010. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Top 50 Emerging Global Outsourcing Cities" (PDF). www.itida.gov.eg. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Online Journal of Space Communication". Spacejournal.ohio.edu. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Inc, lbp (2013). India Telecom Laws and Regulations Handbook. Int'l Business Publication. p. 300. ISBN 1433081903.
Jump up ^ "Gartner Says Top six Indian IT Services Providers Grew 23.8 Percent In 2011". Gartner.com. 7 May 2012. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Google for Mobile 2015 Event Summary – DigiFutura Technologies". DigiFutura.com. 22 September 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Canton, Naomi. "How the 'Silicon' is bridging the digital divide". CNN. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
Jump up ^ RAI, SARITHA. "Is the Next Silicon Valley Taking Root in Bangalore?". New York Times. Retrieved 20 March 2006.
Jump up ^ "Hyderabad Pips Chennai, Pune in Software Exports". The New Indian Express.
Jump up ^ "CDFD to be Sun's first CoE in medical informatics". timesofindia-economictimes.
Jump up ^ Udgirkar, Trushna. "New innovation support centre to open in Hyderabad this month".
Jump up ^ "Hyderabad to emerge as new biotechnology capital of India: Experts". www.PharmaBiz.com. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hyderabad Pips Chennai, Pune in Software Exports". newindianexpress.com. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
Jump up ^ http://tsiic.telangana.gov.in/special-economic-zones/
Jump up ^ "IT hub taking shape in Khammam 12.5-cr tower being planned". The Hans India.
Jump up ^ "Economic Times (2010), Are IT jobs losing sparkle?". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. 27 August 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Goswami, Ranjit. "Is India's IT sector malfunctioning?". East Asia Forum. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
20.http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Hans/2017-01-04/IT-hub-taking-shape-in-Khammam-125-cr-tower-being-planned/271982 thehansindia.com.
Further reading
Eijaj, Steve, E-Commerce. (2006: from Computers and Information Systems), Encyclopædia Britannica 2008.
Chand, Vikram K. (2006), Reinventing public service delivery in India: Selected Case Studies, Sage Publications, ISBN 0-7619-3489-8.
Desai, Ashok V. (2006), "Information and other Technology Development", Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2) edited by Stanley Wolpert, pp. 269–273, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-684-31351-0.
Kamdar, Mira (2006), "Indo -U.S. Relations, Cultural Exchanges in", Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2) edited by Stanley Wolpert, pp. 236–239, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-684-31351-0.
Kapur, Devesh (2006), "Diaspora" in Encyclopedia of India (vol. 1) edited by Stanley Wolpert, pp. 328–331, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-684-31350-2.
Ketkar, Prafulla (2006), "European Union, Relations with (Science and technology)", Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2) edited by Stanley Wolpert, pp. 48–51, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-684-31351-0.
Nanda, B. R. (2006), "Nehru, Jawaharlal", Encyclopedia of India (vol. 3) edited by Stanley Wolpert, pp. 222–227, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-684-31352-9.
Rothermund, Dietmar (2006), "Andhra Pradesh", Encyclopedia of India (vol. 1) edited by Stanley Wolpert, pp. 43–44, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-684-31350-2.
Saraswati, Jyoti. Dot.compradors: Power and Policy in the Development of the Indian Software Industry. London: Pluto, 2012. ISBN 9780745332659.
Sharma, Jagdish (2006), "Diaspora: History of and Global Distribution", Encyclopedia of India (vol. 1) edited by Stanley Wolpert, pp. 331–336, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-684-31350-2.
Sharma, Shalendra D. (2006), "Globalization", Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2) edited by Stanley Wolpert, pp. 146–149, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-684-31351-0
Vrat, Prem (2006), "Indian Institutes of Technology", Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2) edited by Stanley Wolpert, pp. 229–231, Thomson Gale, ISBN 0-684-31351-0.
Wolcott, P. & Goodman, S. E. (2003), Global Diffusion of the Internet – I India: Is the Elephant Learning to Dance?, Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 11: 560-646.
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Richmond Raceway
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Richmond Raceway
America's Premier Short Track

Location
Henrico County, Virginia, United States
Time zone
UTC−5 / −4 (DST)
Coordinates
37°35′30″N 77°25′15″W / 37.59169°N 77.42091°W / 37.59169; -77.42091Coordinates: 37°35′30″N 77°25′15″W / 37.59169°N 77.42091°W / 37.59169; -77.42091
Capacity
60,000[1]
Owner
International Speedway Corporation
Operator
International Speedway Corporation
Opened
1946
Former names
Richmond International Raceway (1989–2017)
Richmond Fairgrounds Raceway (1969–1988)
Virginia State Fairgrounds (1964–1968)
Atlantic Rural Fairgrounds (1955–1963)
Atlantic Rural Exposition Fairgrounds (1946–1955)
Major events
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
Toyota Owners 400
Federated Auto Parts 400
NASCAR Xfinity Series
ToyotaCare 250 (spring race)
Virginia 529 College Savings 250 (fall race)
D-shaped oval (1988–present)
Surface
Asphalt
Length
0.75 mi (1.21 km)
Turns
4
Banking
14° in turns
8° on frontstretch
2° on backstretch
Lap record
0:15.3197 seconds (176.244 mph) (Sam Hornish Jr., Team Penske, 2005, IndyCar)
Website
richmondraceway.com
NASCAR Cup racecars before the start on the 1/2 mile configuration in September, 1984
The pits during a 1985 NASCAR Cup race
Richmond Raceway (RR) is a 0.75 miles (1.21 km), D-shaped, asphalt race track located just outside Richmond, Virginia in Henrico County. It hosts the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and NASCAR Xfinity Series. Known as "America's premier short track", it formerly hosted a NASCAR Camping World Truck Series race, an IndyCar Series race, and two USAC sprint car races.
Richmond Raceway is one of only a few tracks to host all of its events at night. The track sold out 33 consecutive NASCAR Cup Series races. The sellout streak ended in September 2008 partially due to the economic downturn, though the major factor in ticket sales was the impact of Tropical Storm Hanna.[2]
Richmond has hosted the final "regular-season" race, leading up to the start of the NASCAR Cup Series Chase for the Championship, each year since the concept was introduced in 2004.
In 2010, the Raceway introduced a state-of-the-art video scoring tower that boasts more LED square footage than any other in the motorsports industry. The cap features four high definition LED screens that measure 38-feet wide by 24-feet high. The screens broadcast live race action and pre-produced video and graphics. The stem shows running order and has the ability to rotate through the entire field.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Racing in Virginia
1.2 World War II
1.3 Races resume
1.4 Strawberry Hill Raceway joins national racing circuit
2 Richmond Raceway Complex
3 NASCAR-sanctioned races
4 Timeline
5 Races and events
5.1 Current races
5.2 Previous races
6 Records
6.1 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series records
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Racing in Virginia[edit]
Racing sports has a long tradition in Virginia, dating back to colonial English times.[3] From 1898 to World War I, the Deep Run Hunt Club the Northside area of Ginter Park was the site of the club's somewhat annual steeplechase race.[4] After a decade hiatus, the annual races were moved to Curles Neck in 1928 on the south side of Richmond.[4]
World War II[edit]
Shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor, all auto racing was suspended due to WWII. From 1942 to 1945 no events were contested, banned by the U.S. government primarily on account of rationing.
Races resume[edit]
The 1946 AAA Championship Car season was unique in that it was the first post-war IndyCar race and because the Atlantic Rural Exposition had built a new state fairgrounds at the old Strawberry Hill Farm near Ginter Park.[5][6][7] The ½ -mile [8] dirt track would be suitable for both annual "Strawberry Hill" horse races and car races, and was known as the "Atlantic Rural Fairgrounds Track", "Strawberry Hill",[9] and "Strawberry Hill Raceway" [10] On October 12, 1946, Ted Horn gained the distinction of winning the track's first race in an open-wheel Indy-style car.[11]
Strawberry Hill Raceway joins national racing circuit[edit]
Two years later, when the NASCAR schedule was being formed, this short track joined several others on the circuit.[12] In 1953, the track began hosting the Grand National Series with Lee Petty winning that first race in Richmond.[13] The original track was paved in 1968.[13] In 1988, the track was re-designed into its present D-shaped configuration [11]
The name for the raceway complex was "Strawberry Hill" until the Virginia State Fairgrounds site was bought out in 1999 and renamed the "Richmond International Raceway". The Strawberry Hill Races, which are a series of steeplechase horse races were formerly held the third Saturday of April at the Richmond Raceway Complex. In 2001, the races were moved to Colonial Downs in New Kent County, Virginia's first Thoroughbred racetrack.[14]
Richmond Raceway Complex[edit]
Former track logo
Richmond Raceway is located at the Richmond Raceway Complex, which is an 1,000-acre (4.0 km2), multi-purpose facility.
The Richmond Raceway Complex also hosts the Intergalactic Bead Show, Virginia Golf Show, Bassarama, the Richmond Home and Garden Show, the RV and Camping Expo, the Richmond Boat Show, the Richmond Classic Sports Card Show, the East Coast Sawmill and Logging Equipment Expo, the Craftsmen Classic Spring and Christmas Shows, Bizarre Bazaar Spring and Christmas Shows and other various arts and craft events.
Outdoor festivals currently hosted by the Richmond Raceway Complex include the 102.1 "The X" chili cook-off, the ACCA Temple Pork Festival and concerts featuring local and national recording artists.
Outdoor festivals that have been held there included the Virginia State Fair, the Richmond Highland Games and Celtic Festival, the March of Dimes Bikers for Babies, the K95 Country Music Festival and the Virginia Food Festival.
NASCAR-sanctioned races[edit]
Richmond Raceway is home to two NASCAR races in both the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series and Xfinity Series.
There are a pair of spring races, usually held on the last weekend of April. The Xfinity race is currently 250 laps (187.5 miles) and is named the ToyotaCare 250.[15] The Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race is currently 400 laps (300 miles) and is named the Toyota Owners 400.[15]
There are a pair of fall races, usually held on the second weekend of September. The 250 lap (187.5 miles) Xfinity race is currently sponsored by Virginia 529 College Savings Plan and is named the Virginia 529 College Savings 250.[16] The 400 lap (300 miles) fall Cup race is currently sponsored by Federated Auto Parts and is named the Federated Auto Parts 400.[17] Under the current schedule it is the final race before the playoff-style Chase for the Championship series of races that determine the Cup champion begins, and the last chance for drivers to earn a place in the Chase.
Until 2005, Richmond was home to a fall Craftsman Truck Series race. Starting with the 2006 schedule, that date was transferred to Talladega Superspeedway. Until 2009, Richmond was also home to a June IndyCar Series race. In July 2009, it was announced that IndyCar would not return to the Raceway in 2010.
Timeline[edit]
October 12, 1946: driving an open-wheel car, Ted Horn wins the first race at the Atlantic Rural Exposition Fairgrounds on a ½-mile dirt track.
April 19, 1953: Lee Petty wins the first NASCAR "Grand National Division" race with an average speed of 45.535 mph (73.281 km/h) at the Atlantic Rural Exposition Fairgrounds.
1955: Paul Sawyer and famed racer Joe Weatherly buy the property. The track becomes known as the "Atlantic Rural Fairgrounds".
March 10, 1964: The first Richmond race to run under temporary lights
The track operated as a 0.542-mile (872 m) oval through the spring race of 1988. During the spring and summer of 1988, the track was reconfigured to its current layout of 0.75 miles (1.21 km). The first race under the new configuration was in September 1988. Lights were added for the fall 1991 race.
The track was previously called "Strawberry Hill",[14] the "Virginia State Fairgrounds", and the "Richmond Fairgrounds Speedway"; the annual fair made the track a popular venue.
Richard Petty holds the record for most wins at Richmond with 13; David Pearson, Darrell Waltrip and Rusty Wallace are tied for second with six.
Richmond is the site of the famous battle between Dale Earnhardt and Darrell Waltrip in 1986. Earnhardt tapped Waltrip in turn four and both drivers hit the wall, handing the lead to Kyle Petty who avoided the crash and won.
Richmond hosted International Race of Champions events, in 2004 and 2005, won by Matt Kenseth in 2004 and Mark Martin in 2005, with 2005 being the final season of the series.
Site of Tony Stewart's first career Cup Series win, in 1999.
Site of Kasey Kahne's first career Cup Series win, in 2005.
June 11, 2017: Track president Dennis Bickmeier announces RIR would be renamed to "Richmond Raceway", part of a $30 million renovation of the infield known as Richmond Raceway Reimagined.[18]
Races and events[edit]
Current races[edit]
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series
Toyota Owners 400 (April)
Federated Auto Parts 400 (September)
NASCAR Xfinity Series
ToyotaCare 250 (April)
Virginia 529 College Savings 250 (fall race)
NASCAR K&N Pro Series East
UNOH 100 (2011–present)
Previous races[edit]
AAA Sprint Cars (1946–1948, 1952 and 1953)
AAA Stock Car (1952)
ADRC midgets (1946–1948)
Denny Hamlin Short Track Showdown (2011–2013)
IndyCar Series
SunTrust Indy Challenge (2001–2009)
International Race of Champions (2004 & 2005)
NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series
Cheerios Betty Crocker 200 (1995–2005)
NASCAR Convertible Division (1957–1959)
NASCAR Grand American (1968–1970)
NASCAR Goody's Dash Series (1975, 1976, 1979–1981)
NASCAR AutoZone Elite Division, Southeast Series (1991)
NASCAR Sportsman Series (1990)[19]
NASCAR Whelen Modified Tour (1990–1993, 1997, 1999–2002)
URC sprint cars (1956, 1960)[20]
USAC Silver Crown Series
USAC Honda National Midget Championship
Records[edit]
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series qualifying: Jeff Gordon, 20.674 sec. (130.599 mph, 210.180 km/h); 2013
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race: Dale Jarrett, 2 hrs. 45 min. 4 sec. (109.047 mph, 175.494 km/h); 1997
NASCAR Xfinity Series qualifying: Kyle Busch, 20.874 sec. (129.348 mph 208.165 km/h); 2004
NASCAR Xfinity Series race: Dale Jarrett, 1 hr. 47 min. 13 sec. (104.928 mph, 168.685 km/h); 1995
IndyCar Series qualifying: Sam Hornish Jr., 15.3197 sec. (176.244 mph, 283.637 km/h); 2005
Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series records[edit]
(As of 9/10/11)
Most wins 13 Richard Petty
Most top fives 34 Richard Petty
Most top tens 41 Richard Petty
Most starts 63 Richard Petty
Most poles 8 Richard Petty, Bobby Allison
Most laps completed 21135 Richard Petty
Most laps led 5136 Richard Petty
Highest avg. start* 3.7 Bobby Isaac
Highest avg. finish* 5.0 Kyle Busch
* minimum 10 starts
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Richmond International Raceway Track News, Records & Links". jayski.com. jayski.com. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 2, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
Jump up ^ "History".
^ Jump up to: a b Peter Winants (17 August 2000). Steeplechasing: A Complete History of the Sport in North America. Derrydale Press. pp. 45–. ISBN 978-1-4617-0822-3.
Jump up ^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (28 November 1953). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. pp. 1–. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=yRenra9nfccC&lpg=PA81&dq=strawberry%20hill%20farm%20richmond%20Laburnum&pg=PA81#v=onepage&q=strawberry%20hill%20farm%20richmond%20Laburnum&f=false page 81 of Colonial Downs and More by Francis Marion Bush
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=3QPyAAAAQBAJ&lpg=PA45&dq=Richmond%20strawberry%20hill%20Raceway%201946&pg=PA45#v=onepage&q=Richmond%20strawberry%20hill%20Raceway%201946&f=false page 45 of Steeplechasing: A Complete History of the Sport in North America By Peter Wijnants
Jump up ^ "Richmond International Raceway Packages — Track Seating Chart, Race Tickets & Hotel Travel Package to RIR".
Jump up ^ Lew Freedman. "Encyclopedia of Stock Car Racing". p. 641.
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=9Id0bHVBYEsC&lpg=PA43&dq=Richmond%20strawberry%20hill%20dirt%20Raceway%201946&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q=Richmond%20strawberry%20hill%20dirt%20Raceway%201946&f=false page 43 of "Nascar" By Nigel Kinrade, Steve Casper
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.the-dispatch.com/article/20150420/COLUMNISTS/304209982 "In 1988, the track was totally redesigned and banked into its presence D-shaped configuration."
Jump up ^ "Memories from Richmond". The-Dispatch.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Richmond International Raceway".
^ Jump up to: a b Strawberry Hill Races Traditions[dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b "Toyota to Sponsor Two NASCAR Races at RIR in April 2013 - Richmond International Raceway".
Jump up ^ Announcing entitlement for Fall Nationwide race 2009[dead link]
Jump up ^ "Federated Auto Parts 400 - Richmond Raceway".
Jump up ^ Phillips, Michael (July 11, 2017). "NASCAR's rebranded Richmond Raceway announces $30 million infield redevelopment project". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Winston Twin 200".
Jump up ^ "Richmond International Raceway".
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Richmond International Raceway.
Official website
Map and circuit history at RacingCircuits.info
Richmond Raceway race results at Racing-Reference
Richmond International Raceway Page on NASCAR.com
Jayski's Richmond International Raceway Page – Current and Past RIR News
RIR visitor's guide
Richmond Raceway Complex website
Richmond International Raceway Seating Charts
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text:
All Day and All of the Night
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"All Day and All of the Night"
French 7" EP
Single by The Kinks
from the album Kinks-Size
B-side
"I Gotta Move"
Released
23 October 1964 (UK)
9 December 1964 (US)
Format
7" vinyl
Recorded
23 September 1964 at Pye Studios (No. 2), London
Genre
Garage rock[1][2]
hard rock[3]
proto-punk[4]
Length
2:22
Label
Pye 7N 15714 (UK)
Reprise 0334 (US)
Songwriter(s)
Ray Davies
Producer(s)
Shel Talmy
The Kinks singles chronology
"You Really Got Me"
(1964) "All Day and All of the Night"
(1964) "Tired of Waiting for You"
(1965)
"You Really Got Me"
(1964) "All Day and All of the Night"
(1964) "Tired of Waiting for You"
(1965)
"All Day and All of the Night" is a song by the English rock band The Kinks from 1964. It reached No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart[5] and No. 7 on Billboard's United States chart in 1965.[6] The song was released on the American studio album Kinks-Size.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 "Hello, I Love You" controversies
3 EP track listing
4 Original UK EP
5 Charts
6 Notable cover versions
7 References
8 External links
Background[edit]
Like their previous hit "You Really Got Me", the song relies on a simple sliding power chord riff, although this song's riff is slightly more complicated, incorporating a B Flat after the chords F and G. Otherwise, the recordings are similar in beat and structure, with similar background vocals, progressions, and guitar solos.
Dave Davies claimed that the song was where he "found his voice," saying, "I liked the guitar sound on 'All Day And All Of The Night,' the second single we had. When they tried to develop amplifiers that had pre-gain and all, I thought it wasn't quite right, and I struggled with the sound for a while. I never liked Marshalls, because they sounded like everybody else. Then in the mid '70s I started using Peavey, and people said, "Nobody uses Peavey - country and western bands use them" [laughs]. I used to blow them up every night. I used two Peavey Maces together, and it was brilliant."[7]
Jimmy Page may have appeared on the single's b-side, "I Gotta Move", which gives credits as "possibly Jimmy Page acoustic 12 string guitar, else Ray Davies".[8]
"Hello, I Love You" controversies[edit]
Similarities between the song and the Doors' 1968 song, "Hello, I Love You" have been pointed out. Ray Davies said on the topic: "My publisher wanted to sue. I was unwilling to do that. I think they cut a deal somewhere, but I don't know the details."[9] Dave Davies said of this: "That one is the most irritating of all of all of them ... I did a show where I played "All Day and All of the Night" and stuck in a piece of 'Hello, I Love You.' There was some response, there were a few smiles. But I've never understood why nobody's ever said anything about it. You can't say anything about the Doors. You're not allowed to."[10]
In the liner notes to the Doors Box set, Robby Krieger has denied the allegations that the song's musical structure was stolen from Ray Davies. Instead, he said the song's vibe was taken from Cream's song "Sunshine of Your Love". According to the Doors biography No One Here Gets Out Alive, courts in the UK determined in favor of Davies and any royalties for the song are paid to him.
EP track listing[edit]
The song was also the title track of an extended play single in some territories and was not included on an album at the time of its release. In the UK, it was included on the Kinksize Hits EP. The track listing for the European EP was as follows:
Side 1
"All Day and All of the Night" – 2:22
"I'm a Lover, Not a Fighter" – 2:03
Side 2
"I Gotta Move" – 2:25
"Long Tall Shorty" – 2:40
Original UK EP[edit]
Kinksize Hits
Side 1
"You Really Got Me"
"It's All Right"
Side 2
"All Day and All of The Night"
"I Gotta Move"
Pye NEP. 24 203, released 15 January 1965 (UK EP charts : #3)
Charts[edit]
Chart (1964)
Peak
position
Germany (Official German Charts)[11] 22
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[12] 17
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[13] 9
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[5] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[6] 7
Notable cover versions[edit]
Van Halen covered the song live during their pre-first album club days.[14]
The Stranglers recorded a cover in 1988, reaching No. 7 in the UK Singles Chart.[15]
Quiet Riot covered the song on their 1995 album, Down to the Bone.[16]
Scorpions recorded a cover for their 2011 half covers album, Comeblack.[17]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Ray Davies In Conversation at BFI Southbank" (PDF). British Film Institute. May 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Stiernberg, Bonnie. "The 50 Best Garage Rock Songs of All Time". Paste. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Brackett, David (2000). Interpreting Popular Music. University of California Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-5202-2541-1.
Jump up ^ Gewen, Barry (5 March 2008). "Ray Davies, Rock Poet?". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Kinks – Awards". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Resnicoff, Matt (March 1990). "Dave Davies – Out Of The Survivors". Guitar Player.
Jump up ^ Picture Book boxset (booklet). The Kinks. Sanctuary Records. 2008.
Jump up ^ Greene, Andy (27 November 2014). "Ray Davies: 'If We Do a Kinks Show, We're the Kinks'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Resnicoff, Buddy (30 April 1997). "Loyal Pains: The Davies Boys Are Still at It". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – The Kinks – All Day And All Of The Night". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – The Kinks - All Day And All Of The Night" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – The Kinks – All Day And All Of The Night" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Scapelliti, Christopher (11 September 2015). "Hear Van Halen Play "All Day and All of the Night" in Newly Unearthed 1976 Live Recording". Guitar World. Retrieved 26 August 2016.
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 535. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Russell, Deborah (4 March 1995). "Former Hit Acts Find New Life on Independent Labels". Billboard. Vol. 107 no. 9. p. 91. ISSN 0006-2510.
Jump up ^ Troper, Morgan (28 March 2012). "Scorpions: Comeblack". PopMatters. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
The Kinks
Ray Davies
Dave Davies
Mick Avory
Pete Quaife
John Dalton
Gordon Edwards
Ian Gibbons
John Gosling
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Bob Henrit
Andy Pyle
Jim Rodford
Studio albums
Kinks
Kinda Kinks
The Kink Kontroversy
Face to Face
Something Else by The Kinks
The Kinks Are the Village Green Preservation Society
Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire)
Lola Versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One
Muswell Hillbillies
Everybody's in Show-Biz
Preservation Act 1
Preservation Act 2
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Schoolboys in Disgrace
Sleepwalker
Misfits
Low Budget
Give the People What They Want
State of Confusion
Word of Mouth
Think Visual
UK Jive
Phobia
Live albums
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One for the Road
Live: The Road
To the Bone
EPs
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Kwyet Kinks
Compilations
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Kinkdom
Greatest Hits!
Well Respected Kinks
Sunny Afternoon
The Kink Kronikles
The Great Lost Kinks Album
The Kinks Are Well Respected Men
Lost & Found (1986–1989)
The Ultimate Collection
Picture Book
Unreleased projects
Four More Respected Gentlemen
A Hole in the Sock of (Dave Davies)
Related articles
Discography
Band members
Konk
The Kast Off Kinks
Argent
X-Ray
Percy
Do It Again
Give the People What We Want: Songs of The Kinks
Sunny Afternoon (musical)
Book
Category
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
The Kinks singles discography
UK and US singles 1960s
1964
"Long Tall Sally"
"You Still Want Me"
"You Really Got Me"
"All Day and All of the Night"
1965
"Tired of Waiting for You"
"Ev'rybody's Gonna Be Happy"
"Set Me Free"
"See My Friends"
"Who'll Be the Next in Line"
"A Well Respected Man"
"Till the End of the Day"
1966
"Dedicated Follower of Fashion"
"Sunny Afternoon"
"Dead End Street"
1967
"Mister Pleasant"
"Waterloo Sunset"
"Death of a Clown" (Dave Davies solo)
"Autumn Almanac"
"Susannah's Still Alive" (Dave Davies solo)
1968
"Wonderboy"
"Days"
"Lincoln County" (Dave Davies solo)
1969
"Starstruck"
"Hold My Hand" (Dave Davies solo)
"Plastic Man"
"Drivin'"
"The Village Green Preservation Society"
"Shangri-La"
"Victoria"
UK and US singles 1970s
1970
"Lola"
"Apeman"
1971
"God's Children"
"20th Century Man"
1972
"Supersonic Rocket Ship"
"Celluloid Heroes"
1973
"One of the Survivors"
"Sitting in the Midday Sun"
"Sweet Lady Genevieve"
"Where Have All the Good Times Gone"
1974
"Money Talks"
"Mirror of Love"
"Mirror of Love" (Band Version)
"Holiday Romance"
"Preservation"
1975
"Everybody's a Star (Starmaker)"
"Ducks on the Wall"
"You Can't Stop the Music"
1976
"I'm in Disgrace"
"No More Looking Back"
1977
"Sleepwalker"
"Juke Box Music"
"Father Christmas"
1978
"A Rock 'n' Roll Fantasy"
"Live Life"
"Black Messiah"
1979
"(Wish I Could Fly Like) Superman"
"A Gallon of Gas"
"Catch Me Now I'm Falling"
"Moving Pictures"
"Pressure"
UK and US singles 1980s
1980
"Lola" (live)
"You Really Got Me" (live)
1981
"Better Things"
"Destroyer"
"Predictable"
1982
"Come Dancing"
1983
"Don't Forget to Dance"
1984
"Good Day"
"Do It Again"
1985
"Living on a Thin Line" (Radio Promo only)
"Summer's Gone"
1986
"Rock 'n' Roll Cities"
"How Are You"
1987
"Lost and Found"
1988
"The Road"
1989
"Down All the Days (Till 1992)"
UK and US singles 1990s
1990
"How Do I Get Close"
1993
"Only a Dream"
"Scattered"
Notable Non-UK/US Singles
1966
"Dandy" (Europe)
1969
"Picture Book" (Australia)
"Australia" (Australia)
1983
"State of Confusion" (Germany)
1991
"Did Ya" (Europe)
Other Selected Songs
"Bald Headed Woman"
"Stop Your Sobbing"
"I Need You"
"I Go to Sleep"
"I'm Not Like Everybody Else"
"Big Black Smoke"
"Party Line"
"Rosy Won't You Please Come Home"
"Love Me Till the Sun Shines"
"David Watts"
"Two Sisters"
"Polly"
"She's Got Everything"
"Do You Remember Walter?"
"Johnny Thunder"
"Last of the Steam-Powered Trains"
"Big Sky"
"Sitting by the Riverside"
"Animal Farm"
"Village Green"
"Phenomenal Cat"
"All of My Friends Were There"
"Wicked Annabella"
"Monica"
"People Take Pictures of Each Other"
"Berkeley Mews"
"Mr. Churchill Says"
"Strangers"
"This Time Tomorrow"
"Rats"
"Got to Be Free"
"Have a Cuppa Tea"
"Oklahoma U.S.A."
"Muswell Hillbilly"
"Sitting in My Hotel"
"The Hard Way"
"Life Goes On"
"Misfits"
"Attitude"
"Low Budget"
"Give the People What They Want"
"Heart of Gold"
"Long Distance"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=All_Day_and_All_of_the_Night&oldid=818097311"
Categories:
1964 songs
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Gautam Adani
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Gautam Adani
Native name
ગૌતમ અદાણી
Born
Gautam Shantilal Adani
(1962-06-24) 24 June 1962 (age 55)
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Residence
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Nationality
Indian
Occupation
Chairman, Adani Group
Known for
Founder and chairman, Adani Group
Net worth
$8.81 billion (September 2017)[1]
Spouse(s)
Priti Adani
Children
Karan Adani
Jeet Adani
Parent(s)
Shantilal and Shanta Adani
Relatives
Vinod Adani (brother)
Gautam Shantilal Adani (born 24 June 1962) is an Indian billionaire businessman who is the chairman and founder of Adani Group. According to Forbes, his net worth is estimated to be $8.81 billion as of September 2017. [1] He founded the Adani Group in 1988, which now deals in businesses spanning coal trading, coal mining, oil & gas exploration, ports, logistics, power generation, agriculture, edible oils, transmission and gas distribution.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Adani Group
4 Kamuthi
5 Controversy
6 Adani Foundation
7 Personal life
8 References
9 External links
Early life[edit]
Gautam Adani was born into a Gujarati Jain Bania family on 24 June 1962, in Ahmedabad. He is the son of Shantilal and Shanta Adani and has seven siblings. His parents had migrated from the town of Tharad in the northern part of Gujarat. He did his schooling at the Sheth Chimanlal Nagindas Vidyalaya school in Ahmedabad. He started a bachelor's degree in commerce at Gujarat University, but dropped out after the second year.[3]
Career[edit]
After working as a diamond sorter at Mahindra Brothers for two years, Adani set up his own diamond brokerage business in Mumbai, India.[4] Mahasukh Adani, his elder brother, called him back to Ahmedabad to run his newly purchased plastic factory.[4] He soon started commodity trading by importing polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a key raw material for manufacturing plastic.[4]
Adani Group[edit]
In 1988, he started Adani Enterprises Limited (formerly known as the Adani Export Ltd), the flagship company of the Adani Group, that traded in a variety of power and agricultural commodities. The 1991 economic liberalization policies fuelled the rapid growth of the business leading to huge profitability of Adani Exports. This provided further capital to Adani to expand his business. In 2006, Adani Exports was renamed to Adani Enterprises Limited.[5] In 1993, the Government of Gujarat invited private companies to run the Mundra Port and in 1995 the contract was given to Adani Group. Today, Mundra Port is the largest Private Sector port in India, with capability of handling close to 210 million tonnes of cargo per annum. [5]
Adani is also the founder and promoter of Adani Power Ltd (APL), a power business arm of Adani Group. Adani Power has thermal power plants with capacity of 4620 MW, the largest private thermal power producer of the country. It is also the largest solar power producer of India with capacity 648 MW.[6]
Kamuthi[edit]
In September 2016, Adani Green Energy (Tamil Nadu), the renewable wing of the Adani Group, kicked off operations in Kamuthi in Ramnathapuram in Tamil Nadu with a capacity of 648 megawatts (MW) at an estimated cost of Rs. 4,550 crore. [7]
Controversy[edit]
During the time of 2014 Loksabha elections of India, Adani was accused of various controversies. He was being accused of supporting Narendra Modi for his campaign in Bharatiya Janata Party. [8] Even though claiming on national media that he has no special favors with Modi, ,[9] Modi was seen traveling on Adani group's chartered planes to rallies across India.[10][11] To counter this allegation, Mr Adani spoke out in an interview with CNBC and clarified that the BJP paid market price to Adani Group for using its aviation services.[12]
It was alleged that the NDA government was favouring Adani by allegedly waiving off Rs. 200 crore fine on Adani Port and SEZ.[13] Adani, later, in an interview clarified the fine has not been dropped and the government is not favouring Adani either.[14] He further clarified that the mine is owned by Rajasthan Government and Adani Group is just the mine contractor.[14]
Adani Foundation[edit]
The Adani Foundation was founded in 1996, and is registered under the Bombay Public Charity Trusts Act of 1950 and Society’s Registration Act 1860.[15] Other than Gujarat, the Foundation operates in the states of Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.[15]
Personal life[edit]
He is married to Priti Adani, who is a dentist and heads the Adani Foundation as a managing trustee.[16] They have two sons. [17]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Gautam Adani & family". Forbes. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Adani Enterprises Ltd". BusinessWeek. 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Gautam Adani Business Profile". Business Maps of India. 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Gautam Adani Biography- About family, children, education, wife, age, and more". Business.mapsofindia.com. 2 June 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Mehta, Harit (10 April 2014). "Gautam Adani, the baron to watch out for if Narendra Modi becomes king". The Times of India. Retrieved 10 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "ABB links 648 MW solar project at Kamuthi with national grid - The Economic Times". Economictimes.indiatimes.com. 13 June 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Share on FacebookShare on Twitter (21 September 2016). "Adani: Adani unveils world's largest solar power plant in Tamil Nadu - Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Allegations political, didn't get land at Re 1 from Modi: Adani". The Times of India. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
Jump up ^ Press Trust of India (27 April 2014). "Gautam Adani denies any special favours from Modi". The Indian Express. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Modi flies only on Gujarat Inc. money". The Times of India. 29 September 2007. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Can someone explain why Modi is using Adani's private jet?". Reddit.com. 2 March 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "GAUTAM ADANI INTERVIEW Youtube HD Video Online". Onlinenewsvideo.net. 28 April 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Modi government cancels Rs 200cr penalty: Achhe din for Adani only?". Dailyo.in. 3 July 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Gautam Adani: We don't seek special favours from BJP or any individual". The Indian Express. 11 July 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Gautam Adani". Globalrecorder.com. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Ahmedabad Mirror (6 July 2016). "Being sultan - Ahmedabad Mirror". Ahmedabadmirror.indiatimes.com. Retrieved 6 April 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.ft.com/content/ffce04fe-d295-11e2-aac2-00144feab7de
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gautam Adani.
Profile at Forbes
Adani Website
Adani Foundation
Fortune Foods Official Website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gautam_Adani&oldid=815689187"
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