text:
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Star Wars I" redirects here. For the first film released, see Star Wars (film). For the video game, see Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (video game).
Star Wars: Episode I –
The Phantom Menace
Theatrical release poster by Drew Struzan
Directed by
George Lucas
Produced by
Rick McCallum
Written by
George Lucas
Starring
Liam Neeson
Ewan McGregor
Natalie Portman
Jake Lloyd
Ian McDiarmid
Anthony Daniels
Kenny Baker
Pernilla August
Frank Oz
Music by
John Williams
Cinematography
David Tattersall
Edited by
Ben Burtt
Paul Martin Smith
Production
company
Lucasfilm Ltd.
Distributed by
20th Century Fox[Note 1]
Release date
May 16, 1999 (1999-05-16) (Los Angeles)
May 19, 1999 (1999-05-19) (United States)
Running time
133 minutes[3]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$115 million[4]
Box office
$1.027 billion[4]
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace is a 1999 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas, produced by Lucasfilm and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It is the first installment in the Star Wars prequel trilogy and stars Liam Neeson, Ewan McGregor, Natalie Portman, Jake Lloyd, Ian McDiarmid, Anthony Daniels, Kenny Baker, Ahmed Best, Pernilla August, Brian Blessed, Ray Park, and Frank Oz.
The film is set 32 years before the original film, and follows Jedi Knight Qui-Gon Jinn and his apprentice Obi-Wan Kenobi as they protect Queen Amidala, in hopes of securing a peaceful end to a large-scale interplanetary trade dispute. Joined by Anakin Skywalker—a young slave with unusually strong natural powers of the Force—they simultaneously contend with the mysterious return of the Sith.
Lucas began production of this film after he determined that film special effects had advanced to the level he wanted for the fourth film in the saga. Filming started on June 26, 1997, at locations including Leavesden Film Studios and the Tunisian desert. Its visual effects included extensive use of computer-generated imagery (CGI); many of its characters and settings were completely computerized. The film was Lucas's first directorial effort after a 22-year hiatus following Star Wars in 1977.
The Phantom Menace was released to theaters on May 19, 1999, almost 16 years after the premiere of the previous Star Wars film, Return of the Jedi. The film's premiere was extensively covered by media and was greatly anticipated because of the large cultural following the Star Wars saga had cultivated. It received polarizing reviews; critics praised the visuals, action sequences, score and many of the performances, but criticized the writing, characterization, and Ahmed Best's (as Jar Jar Binks) and Jake Lloyd's (as Anakin Skywalker) performances. It grossed more than $924.3 million worldwide during its initial theatrical run, making it the second-highest-grossing film worldwide at the time, behind Titanic. It became the highest-grossing film of 1999 and the highest-grossing Star Wars film (until the release of Star Wars: The Force Awakens in 2015), and is the tenth-highest-grossing film in North America as of August 2017[update] unadjusted for inflation. A 3D reissue, which has earned an additional $102.7 million at the box office and brought the film's overall worldwide takings to over $1 billion, was released in February 2012. The film was followed by two sequels, Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones in 2002 and Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith in 2005.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Pre-production and design
3.3 Casting
3.4 Filming
3.5 Effects
3.6 Music
4 Themes
5 Release
5.1 Marketing
5.2 Home media
5.3 3D re-release
5.4 Novelization
6 Reception
6.1 Critical reception
6.2 Box office performance
6.3 Accolades
7 Sequels
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Plot[edit]
The Trade Federation upsets order in the Galactic Republic by blockading the planet Naboo in preparation for a full-scale invasion. The Republic's leader, Supreme Chancellor Valorum, dispatches Jedi Knight Qui-Gon Jinn and his apprentice, Obi-Wan Kenobi, to negotiate with Federation Viceroy Nute Gunray. Darth Sidious, a Sith Lord, and the Trade Federation's secret adviser, orders the Viceroy to kill the Jedi, and invade Naboo with an army of battle droids. The Jedi escape and flee to Naboo. During the invasion, Qui-Gon saves a Gungan outcast, Jar Jar Binks, from being run over and killed by a droid transport. Indebted to Qui-Gon, Jar Jar leads the Jedi to an underwater Gungan city. The Jedi unsuccessfully try to persuade the Gungan leader, Boss Nass, into helping the people of Naboo, though they are able to obtain transportation to Theed, the capital city on the surface. They rescue Queen Amidala, the ruler of the Naboo people, and escape the planet on her royal starship en route to the Republic capital planet of Coruscant.
Amidala's ship is damaged as they pass the Federation blockade and becomes unable to use its hyperdrive, landing for repairs on the desert planet Tatooine. Qui-Gon, Jar Jar, astromech droid R2-D2, and Amidala (in disguise as one of her handmaidens) visit the settlement of Mos Espa to purchase new parts at a junk shop. They meet the shop's owner, Watto, and his nine-year-old slave, Anakin Skywalker, who is a gifted pilot and engineer, and has created a protocol droid called C-3PO. Qui-Gon senses a strong presence of the Force within Anakin, and is convinced that he is the "chosen one" of Jedi prophecy who will bring balance to the Force. Qui-Gon wagers Anakin's freedom with Watto in a Podrace, which Anakin wins. Anakin joins the group to be trained as a Jedi, leaving his mother Shmi behind. En route to their starship, Qui-Gon encounters Darth Maul, Darth Sidious's apprentice, who was sent to capture Amidala. A duel ensues, but Qui-Gon quickly disengages and escapes on board the starship.
Qui-Gon and Obi-Wan escort Amidala to Coruscant, so that she can plead her people's case to Chancellor Valorum and the Galactic Senate. Qui-Gon asks the Jedi Council for permission to train Anakin as a Jedi, but the Council refuses after he is interviewed by Yoda and becomes concerned that Anakin is vulnerable to the dark side. Undaunted, Qui-Gon vows to train Anakin himself. Meanwhile, Naboo's Senator Palpatine persuades Amidala to make a vote of no confidence in Valorum to elect a more capable chancellor to resolve the crisis on Naboo. Though she is successful in pushing for the vote, Amidala grows frustrated with the corruption in the Senate, and decides to return to Naboo. Qui-Gon and Obi-Wan are ordered by the Jedi Council to accompany the queen to Naboo, as well as to confirm the return of the Sith, whom they believe to be extinct.
On Naboo, Padmé reveals herself to the Gungans as Queen Amidala, and persuades them into an alliance against the Trade Federation. Jar Jar leads his people in a battle against the droid army while Padmé leads the hunt for Viceroy Gunray in Theed. During a battle in a starship hangar to free Naboo pilots, Anakin takes shelter in a vacant starfighter, and inadvertently triggers its autopilot, joining the battle against the Federation droid control ship in space. Anakin blunders into the hangar of the droid control ship and destroys the ship from within before escaping, deactivating the droid army. Meanwhile, Qui-Gon and Obi-Wan battle Darth Maul, who mortally wounds Qui-Gon before being bisected by Obi-Wan. As he dies, Qui-Gon requests Obi-Wan to train Anakin. Subsequently, Palpatine is elected as the new Supreme Chancellor, and Gunray is arrested. The Jedi Council promotes Obi-Wan to the rank of Jedi Knight and reluctantly accepts Anakin as Obi-Wan's apprentice. At a festive ceremony, Padmé presents a gift of appreciation and friendship to the Gungans.
Cast[edit]
Main articles: List of Star Wars characters and List of Star Wars cast members
Liam Neeson as Qui-Gon Jinn, a Jedi Master who discovers Anakin and insists that the boy be trained as a Jedi despite the Jedi Council's protests. Lucas originally wanted to cast an American actor in the role, but cast Irishman Neeson because he considered that Neeson had great skills and presence. Lucas said Neeson was a "master actor, who the other actors will look up to, who has got the qualities of strength that the character demands".[5]
Ewan McGregor as Obi-Wan Kenobi, Qui-Gon's Jedi Padawan, who holds his master in high regard but questions his motives at times. McGregor was cast from a shortlist of fifty actors, all of whom had to be compared to pictures of young Alec Guinness, who portrayed the elderly Obi-Wan, to make a believable younger version.[6] McGregor had a vocal coach to help his voice sound closer to Guinness'. He also studied several of Guinness' performances, from his early work and the Star Wars movies.[5]
Natalie Portman as Queen Padmé Amidala, the 14-year-old Queen of Naboo, who hopes to protect her planet from a blockade invasion made by the Trade Federation. Over 200 actresses auditioned for the role.[7] The Production notes stated; "The role required a young woman who could be believable as the ruler of that planet, but at the same time be vulnerable and open". Portman was chosen especially for her performances in Léon: The Professional (1994) and Beautiful Girls (1996), which impressed Lucas.[5] He stated, "I was looking for someone who was young, strong, along the lines of Leia [and] Natalie embodied all those traits and more".[5] Portman was unfamiliar with Star Wars before being cast,[5] but was enthusiastic about being cast as a character she expected to become a role model. Portman said, "It was wonderful playing a young queen with so much power. I think it will be good for young women to see a strong woman of action who is also smart and a leader."[8]
Jake Lloyd as Anakin Skywalker, a 9-year-old slave boy and a skilled pilot who dreams of becoming a Jedi. Hundreds of actors were tested[5] before the producers settled on Lloyd who Lucas considered met his requirements of "a good actor, enthusiastic and very energetic". Producer Rick McCallum said that Lloyd was "smart, mischievous and loves anything mechanical—just like Anakin."[9]
Ian McDiarmid as Senator Palpatine / Darth Sidious, a Senator of Naboo who is eventually elected Chancellor of the Republic. McDiarmid was surprised when Lucas approached him 16 years after Return of the Jedi to reprise the role of Palpatine because he had assumed that a younger actor would play the part in the prequel films.[10]
Pernilla August as Shmi Skywalker, Anakin's mother, who is concerned for her son's future and allows him to leave with the Jedi. August, a veteran of Swedish cinema, was chosen after auditioning with Liam Neeson. She was afraid of being rejected because of her accent.[11]
Frank Oz voices Yoda, the centuries-old leader of the Jedi Council who is apprehensive about allowing Anakin to be trained. Yoda was mostly portrayed as a puppet designed by Nick Dudman based on Stuart Freeborn's original design. Oz controlled the puppet's mouth and other parts were controlled by puppeteers using remote controls.[11] Lucas fitted Yoda's filming around Oz's schedule as he finished and promoted In & Out.[12] A computer-generated Yoda is featured in two distant shots. Warwick Davis portrays him in the scene in which Obi-Wan becomes a Jedi Knight.[13] Lucas said he originally wanted to use a full-time digital Yoda, but the attempts did not work well enough. On the Blu-ray release of The Phantom Menace, which was also used for the 3D reissue, a CG Yoda similar to the one from the other prequels is used instead.[14]
Oliver Ford Davies as Sio Bibble, the governor of Naboo.
Hugh Quarshie as Captain Panaka, Queen Amidala's chief of security at Theed Palace.
Ahmed Best as Jar Jar Binks, a clumsy Gungan exiled from his home and taken in by Qui-Gon and Obi-Wan. Best was hired after casting director Robin Gurland saw him on a Stomp performance in San Francisco.[9] Best was originally intended to provide motion capture data but his offer to voice the character was accepted. On the set, to provide references for the actors, Best was clothed in a suit made of foam and latex and a headpiece. Best's filmed performance was later replaced with the computer-generated character.[11] Best frequently improvised movements to make Jar Jar look as clumsy and comedic as possible.[9]
Anthony Daniels voices C-3PO, a protocol droid built by Anakin. He lacks a metal covering in this film; R2-D2 refers to it as being "naked". A puppeteer dressed in a color closely matching the background—in a manner similar to the Japanese puppet theater Bunraku—manipulated a skeletal C-3PO figure attached to his front while Daniels read his lines off-camera. The puppeteer was erased from the film during post-production.[9][15]
Kenny Baker as R2-D2, an astromech droid that saves Queen Amidala's ship when other droids fail. Before the film's production started, fans campaigned on the Internet to retain Baker as R2-D2; Lucas replied that the actor would remain. Baker is used for scenes where R2-D2 bends forwards and backwards and wobbles from side to side. Robots and a digital model were used in other shots.[16]
Terence Stamp as Supreme Chancellor Valorum, the Chancellor of the Republic who commissions Obi-Wan and Qui-Gon to negotiate with the Trade Federation Viceroy. Lucas described the character as a "good man but he's beleaguered—a bit like [Bill] Clinton".[17]
Samuel L. Jackson appears as Mace Windu, a high-ranking member of the Jedi Council who also opposes the training of Anakin.
Ray Park portrays Darth Maul, Darth Sidious' Sith apprentice who uses a double-bladed lightsaber, while Peter Serafinowicz provides Maul's voice.
Keira Knightley plays Sabé, one of Queen Amidala's handmaidens who serves as her decoy throughout the majority of the film.
Silas Carson portrays Nute Gunray, the Viceroy of the Trade Federation who leads Naboo's invasion and tries to force Queen Amidala to sign a treaty to legitimize the occupation. Carson also portrays three minor characters: Jedi Master Ki-Adi-Mundi, Trade Federation Senator Lott Dod, and an ill-fated pilot (the role for which Carson originally auditioned).[18]
Additionally, Brian Blessed, Andy Secombe, and Lewis MacLeod voice, respectively, Boss Nass, the leader of the Gungan tribe who allies with the Naboo, Watto, a junk dealer on Tatooine who owns Anakin and his mother as slaves, and Sebulba, an aggressive, scheming podracer who is Anakin's rival. Greg Proops and Scott Capurro voice Fode and Beed, the two-headed announcer of the Boonta Eve Race. Dominic West plays a Naboo guard. Sofia Coppola appears as Saché, one of Amidala's handmaidens, and Ralph Brown appears as Ric Olié, the Queen's starship pilot. Christian Simpson appears as Lieutenant Gavyn Sykes.[19]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
While writing the original Star Wars, Lucas realized the story was too vast in scope to be covered in one film. The original film was written to introduce a wider story arc that could be told in sequels on the chance that it became successful, so Star Wars evolved from the first film in the series to the first episode of the saga's second trilogy.[20][21] Lucas eventually negotiated a contract that allowed him to make two sequels, and over time had created an elaborate backstory to aid his writing process.[22] While writing The Empire Strikes Back, Lucas considered directions in which to take the story. In the original trilogy, Darth Vader was revealed to have been Anakin Skywalker, a once-powerful Jedi Knight, and a traitor to the Jedi Order.[23] With this backstory in place, Lucas decided the movies would work best as a trilogy.[24] In the final act of the trilogy's final episode, Return of the Jedi, Vader is ultimately redeemed through an act of sacrifice for Luke. This was in 1983, more than six years since the release of Star Wars. Lucas admitted to being "burned out" and announced he would take a break from working on the saga.[25]
Throughout the 1980s, George Lucas remarked he had no desire to return to Star Wars and had unofficially canceled his sequel trilogy by the time of Return of the Jedi. Because Lucas had developed most of the backstory, the idea of prequels continued to fascinate him.[26] In the early 1990s, Star Wars saw a resurgence in popularity in the wake of Dark Horse's comic line and Timothy Zahn's trilogy of novels. Lucas saw there was still a large audience for his idea of a prequel trilogy and with the development of special effects generated with computer-generated imagery (CGI), Lucas considered returning to his saga and directing the film.[27] In 1993, it was announced in Variety and other sources that he would be making the prequels. Lucas began outlining the story; Anakin Skywalker rather than Obi-Wan Kenobi would be the main protagonist and the series would be a tragedy examining Darth Vader's origins. Lucas also began to change the prequels' timeline relative to the original series, "filling-in" the history, backstory, existing parallel or tangential to the originals and beginning a long story that started with Anakin's childhood and ended with his death. This was the final step toward turning the franchise into a saga.[28]
George Lucas began writing the new Star Wars trilogy on November 1, 1994. The screenplay of Star Wars was adapted from Lucas' 15-page outline that was written in 1976, which he designed to help him keep track of the characters' backstories and events that occurred before the original trilogy.[29] Anakin was first written as a twelve-year-old, but Lucas reduced his age to nine because he felt the lower age would better fit the plot point of Anakin being affected by his mother's separation from him. Eventually, Anakin's younger age led Lucas to rewrite his participation in the movie's major scenes.[30] The film's working title was The Beginning;[29] Lucas later revealed that its true title was The Phantom Menace; a reference to Palpatine hiding his true identity as an evil Sith Lord behind the facade of a well-intentioned public servant.[31]
The larger budget and possibilities opened up by the use of digital effects made Lucas "think about a much grander, more epic scale—"which is what I wanted Star Wars to be".[32] The story ended with five simultaneous, ongoing plots, one leading to another. The central plot is Palpatine's intent to become Chancellor, which leads to the Trade Federation's attack on Naboo, the Jedi being sent there, Anakin being met along the way, and the rise of the Sith Lords. As with the original trilogy, Lucas intended The Phantom Menace to illustrate several themes throughout the narrative. Duality is a frequent theme; Amidala is a queen who passes as a handmaiden, Palpatine plays on both sides of the war, among others. "Balance" is frequently suggested; Anakin is supposedly "the one" chosen to bring balance to the Force—Lucas said, "Anakin needed to have a mother, Obi-Wan needed a Master, Darth Sidious needed an apprentice" as without interaction and dialogue "you wouldn't have drama".[33]
In November 2015, Ron Howard confirmed that he, Robert Zemeckis and Steven Spielberg were approached by Lucas to direct The Phantom Menace. All three approached directors told Lucas that he should direct the film, as they each found the project "too daunting."[34]
Pre-production and design[edit]
Before Lucas had started writing, his producing partner Rick McCallum was preparing for the film. McCallum stated that his experience with The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles led to many of his decisions on The Phantom Menace, such as long-term deals with actors and soundstages, the employment of recent graduates with no film experience, and the creation of sets and landscapes with digital technology. In April 1994, McCallum started searching for artists in art, architecture and design schools, and in mid-year he began location scouting with production designer Gavin Bocquet. Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) art director Doug Chiang impressed McCallum the most and was hired as the design director.[35][36]
Within three to four months of Lucas beginning the writing process, Chiang and his design team started a two-year process of reviewing thousands of designs for the film.[37] Chiang stated that Lucas intended Episode I to be stylistically different from the other Star Wars films; it would be "richer and more like a period piece, since it was the history leading up to A New Hope". The three planets on which the story takes place—some with varied environments such as the human and Gungan cities of Naboo and three buildings in Coruscant. With the exception of the Gungan city, which had an art nouveau-inspired visual, these locations would be given distinctive looks with some basis in the real world. The concept drawings of Ralph McQuarrie for the original trilogy served as the basis for Mos Espa—which was also inspired by old Tunisian hotels and buildings and had touches such as a market place to differentiate it from A New Hope's Mos Eisley—and Coruscant, in particular a metropolis design which became the basis for the Senate.[38] Bocquet would later develop the work of Chiang's team and design the interiors, translating the concepts into construction blueprints with environments and architectural styles that had some basis in reality "to give the audience something to key into".[39] Some elements were directly inspired by the original trilogy; Lucas described the battle droids as predecessors to the Stormtroopers. Chiang uses that orientation to base the droids on the Imperial soldiers, only in the same style of stylized and elongated features seen in tribal African art.[32]
Terryl Whitlatch, who had a background on zoology and anatomy, was in charge of creature design. Many of the aliens are hybrids, combining features of real animals. At times entire food chains were developed even though only a small percentage of them would appear in the film. Whitlatch also designed detailed skeletons for the major characters and facial muscles on Jar Jar Binks as a reference for ILM's animators. Each creature would reflect its environment; those on Naboo were more beautiful because the planet is "lush and more animal-friendly", Tatooine has rough-looking creatures "with weather-beaten leathery skin to protect them from the harsh desert elements", and Coruscant has bipedal, human-looking aliens.[40]
Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi dueling Darth Maul. Lucas wanted the lightsaber battles to be fast and more intense, depicting the Jedi in their prime.
Stunt coordinator Nick Gillard was recruited to create a new Jedi fighting style for the prequel trilogy. Gillard likened the lightsaber battles to a chess game "with every move being a check". Because of their short-range weapons, Gillard thought the Jedi would have had to develop a fighting style that merged every swordfighting style, such as kendo and other kenjutsu styles, with other swinging techniques, such as tennis swings and tree-chopping. While training Liam Neeson and Ewan McGregor, Gillard wrote a sequence which lasted around 60 seconds and intended to be around five or six sequences per fight.[41] Lucas later referred to the Jedi as "negotiators" rather than high-casualty soldiers. The preference of hand-to-hand combat was intended to give a spiritual and intellectual role to the Jedi.[41] Because Gillard thought the stunt jumps with the actors and stuntmen dangling from wires did not look realistic, air rams were used to propel them into the air instead.[42]
Lucas decided to make elaborate costumes because the film's society was more sophisticated than the one depicted in the original trilogy. Designer Trisha Biggar and her team created over 1,000 costumes that were inspired by various cultures.[43] Biggar worked closely with concept designer Iain McCaig to create a color palette for the inhabitants of each world: Tatooine followed A New Hope with sun-bleached sand colors, Coruscant had grays, browns and blacks, and Naboo had green and gold for humans while Gungans wore "a leathery look, like their skin". The Jedi costumes followed the tradition from the original film;[44] Obi-Wan's costume was inspired by the costume that was worn by Guinness. Lucas said he and Biggar would look at the conceptual art to "translat[e] all of these designs into cloth and fabric and materials that would actually work and not look silly". Biggar also consulted Gillard to ensure the costumes would accommodate action scenes, and consulted the creature department to find which fabrics "wouldn't wear too heavily" on the alien skins. A huge wardrobe department was set up at Leavesden Film Studios to create over 250 costumes for the main actors and 5,000 for the background ones.[45]
Nute Gunray's Thai accent was chosen after Lucas and McCallum listened to various languages to decide how the Neimodians would speak.[46] The character design of Watto was an amalgam of rejected ideas; his expressions were based on video footage of Secombe's voice acting, photographs of animation supervisor Rob Coleman imitating the character, and modeler Steve Alpin saying Watto's lines to a mirror.[47] Lucas described Sebulba's design as "a spider crossed with an orangutan crossed with a sloth",[48] with a camel-like face, and clothing inspired by medieval armor.[49]
Casting[edit]
After Samuel L. Jackson expressed interest in appearing in a Star Wars film, he was approached by casting director Robin Gurland to play Windu.[9] Ray Park, a martial arts champion with experience in gymnastics and sword fighting, was originally a member of the stunt crew.[9] Stunt coordinator Nick Gillard filmed Park to demonstrate his conception of the lightsaber battles. Lucas and McCallum were so impressed with the test tape that they gave Park the role of Maul. His voice was considered "too squeaky" and was dubbed over in post-production by Peter Serafinowicz.[11] Keira Knightley's parents tried to convince her not to audition, but the teenage actress still sought a role since she was a Star Wars fan.[50] The casting was influenced by Knightley's remarkable similarity to Natalie Portman, with the actress admitting their mothers could not tell each other apart.[51] Knightley was reported to have "cried every single day" due to finding the wardrobe uncomfortable.[50]
Silas Carson was cast as Nute Gunray because another actor was uncomfortable with the costumes used by the Trade Federation characters, which were hot, exerted a lot of pressure on the bearer, and took about 15 minutes to apply. Hugh Quarshie considered the part of Panaka as "a good career move" and a production that would be fun to make.[52] Brian Blessed originally auditioned for the role of Sio Bibble, the Governor of Naboo,[53] for which he was considered "too loud".[54] Casting director Robin Gurland approached him to play Nass because it was a "bigger than life" character with "a kind of bravado".[55] Blessed described Nass as a "reluctant hero",[54] and a fun role to play.[56] Sofia Coppola, daughter of Lucas' long-time friend and creative partner Francis Ford Coppola, considers Lucas as "like an uncle to me". As she prepared the script for her directorial debut The Virgin Suicides, Sofia heard Lucas would make a new Star Wars film and asked him if she could accompany him during filming. Lucas offered Coppola a role in the royal entourage, which she accepted because it "seemed like a good vantage point to watch without getting in the way".[57]
Filming[edit]
See also: List of Star Wars filming locations
Remains of Mos Espa in the Tunisian desert, near Nafta.
Filming began on June 26, 1997, and ended on September 30 of that year, primarily taking place at Leavesden Film Studios in England. Leavesden was leased for a two and a half years so the production company could leave the sets intact and return after principal photography had been completed.[58] The forest scenes on Naboo were filmed at Cassiobury Park in Watford, Hertfordshire.[59][60] Pick-ups were shot between August 1998 and February 1999 after Lucas screened a rough cut of the film for friends and colleagues in May 1998.[61] Most of the action and stunts were filmed by Roger Christian's second unit, which worked alongside the main unit instead of afterwards because of the high number of shots to be completed daily.[42]
The Tunisian desert was again used for the Tatooine scenes;[62] Mos Espa was built outside the city of Tozeur. On the night following the third day of shooting in Tozeur, an unexpected sandstorm destroyed many of the sets and props. The production was quickly rescheduled to allow for repairs and was able to leave Tunisia on the date originally planned.[63] The Italian Caserta Palace was used as the interior of the Theed City Naboo Palace;[62] it was used as a location for four days after it had been closed to visitors. Scenes with explosions were filmed on replica sets in Leavesden.[64]
The Palace of Caserta, in Italy, was the location for the Naboo Royal Palace.
A binder with the film's storyboards served as a reference for live-action filming, shots that would be filmed in front of a chroma key blue screen, and shots that would be composed using CGI. The sets were often built with the parts that would be required on screen; often they were built only up to the heights of the actors. Chroma key was extensively used for digital set extensions, backgrounds or scenes that required cinematographer David Tattersall to seek powerful lamps to light the sets and visual effects supervisor John Knoll to develop software that would remove the blue reflection from shiny floors. Knoll, who remained on set through most of the production, worked closely with Tatterstall to ensure that the shots were suitable to add effects later. The cameras were fitted with data capture models to provide technical data for the CGI artists.[65]
The Phantom Menace was the final Star Wars film to be shot on 35mm film until Episode VII (Star Wars: The Force Awakens). Some scenes, mostly of elements filmed by the special effects team, were shot on high definition, digital video tapes to test the performance of digital recordings, which Lucas and McCallum considered the next logical step because of the amount of digitizing—an expensive process compared to recording directly on digital media—for the compositing of computer-generated effects. All future films would be shot using Sony CineAlta high-definition video cameras.[66][67] Greg Proops and Scott Capurro were filmed wearing makeup and blue bodysuits so their heads could be joined in a computer-generated body. The visual effects crew did not like the original results and crafted Fode and Beed as an entirely computer generated alien.[68]
Editing took two years; Paul Martin Smith started the process in England and focused on dialogue-heavy scenes. Ben Burtt—who was also the film's sound editor—was responsible for action sequences under Lucas' supervision. Non-linear editing systems played a large part in translating Lucas' vision; he constantly tweaked, revised and reworked shots and scenes. The final sound mix was added in March 1999 and the following month the film was completed after the delivery of the remaining visual effects shots.[69]
Effects[edit]
"Writing the script was much more enjoyable this time around because I wasn't constrained by anything. You can't write one of these movies without knowing how you're going to accomplish it. With CG at my disposal, I knew I could do whatever I wanted".
—George Lucas[70]
The film saw breakthrough in computer generated effects. About 1,950 of the shots in The Phantom Menace have visual effects. The scene in which toxic gas is released on the Jedi is the only sequence with no digital alteration.[48] The work was so extensive that three visual effects supervisors divided the workload among themselves—John Knoll supervised the on-set production and the podrace and space battle sequences, Dennis Muren supervised the underwater sequence and the ground battle, and Scott Squires, alongside teams assigned for miniature effects and character animation, worked on the lightsaber effects.[71]
Until the film's production, many special effects in the film industry were achieved using miniature models, matte paintings, and on-set visual effects—although other films had made extensive use of CGI. Knoll previewed 3,500 storyboards for the film; Lucas accompanied him to explain factors of the shots that would be practical and those which would be created through visual effects. Knoll later said that on hearing the explanations of the storyboards, he did not know how to accomplish what he had seen. The result was a mixture of original techniques and the newest digital techniques to make it difficult for the viewer to guess which technique was being used. Knoll and his visual effects team wrote new computer software, including cloth simulators to allow a realistic depiction of the digital characters' clothing, to create certain shots. Another goal was to create computer-generated characters that could act seamlessly with live-action actors. While filming scenes with CGI characters, Lucas would block the characters using their corresponding voice actors on-set. The voice actors were then removed and the live-action actors would perform the same scene alone. A CGI character would later be added into the shot to complete the conversation.[72] Lucas also used CGI to correct the physical presence of actors in certain scenes.[48] Practical models were used when their visuals helped with miniature sceneries for backgrounds, set extensions, and model vehicles that would be scanned to create the digital models or filmed to represent spaceships and podraces.[73]
Lucas, who had previously confronted problems with the props used to depict R2-D2, allowed ILM and the production's British special effects department to create their own versions of the robot. Nine R2-D2 models were created; one was for actor Kenny Baker to be dropped into, seven were built by ILM and featured two wheelchair motors capable of moving 440 pounds (200 kg), enabling it to run and be mostly used in stage sets, and the British studio produced a pneumatic R2-D2 that could shift from two to three legs and was mostly used in Tunisia because its motor drive system allowed it to drive over sand.[74]
Lucas originally planned to create many of the aliens with computer graphics, but those that would be more cost-effectively realized with masks and animatronics were created by Nick Dudman's creature effects team. These included the Neimodians, background characters in Mos Espa, the Jedi Council, and the Galactic Senate. Dudman's team was told where the creatures would be required six months before principal photography begun, and they rushed the production. The Neimodian suits, which were originally intended as digital characters, were delivered one day before they would be required on set. Dudman traveled to Skywalker Ranch to see the original creatures that could be reused, and read the script for a breakdown of scenes with practical creatures, leaving only the more outlandish designs to be created using CGI.[75]
To research for the podrace vehicles, the visual effects crew visited a jet aircraft junkyard outside Phoenix, Arizona and scavenged four Boeing 747 engines.[48] Life-sized replicas of the engines were built and sent to Tunisia to provide reference in the film. Except for Jake Lloyd inside a hydraulically controlled cockpit and a few practical podracer models, the entire podracing scene—which the effects crew designed to be as "out of this world" as possible—is computer-generated.[62][76]
Music[edit]
Main article: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (soundtrack)
As with previous Star Wars films, Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace's score was composed and conducted by John Williams. He started composing the score in October 1998 and began recording the music with the London Voices and London Symphony Orchestra at Abbey Road Studios on February 10, 1999. Williams decided to use electronic instruments such as synthesizers to enhance the sound and choral pieces to "capture the magical, mystical force that a regular orchestra might not have been able to provide", and create an atmosphere that was "more mysterious and mystical and less military" than those of the original trilogy.[77] One of the most notable tracks is "Duel of the Fates", which uses the chorus to give a religious, temple-like feel to the epic lightsaber duel. The track was made into a music video.[78] While composing Anakin's theme, Williams tried to reflect the innocence of his childhood and to foreshadow his transformation into Darth Vader by using slight suggestions of "The Imperial March" in the melody.[77]
The film's soundtrack was released by Sony Classical Records on May 4, 1999. This album featured the score, which Williams restructured as a listening experience; it is not presented in film order and omits many notable cues from the film because of the space restriction of the compact disc.[79] A two-disc "Ultimate Edition" was released on November 14, 2000. The set features almost the entire score as it is heard in the film, including all of the edits and loops that were made for the sound mix.[80]
Themes[edit]
See also: Star Wars sources and analogues
The face of Darth Maul drew upon depictions of the devil.
Like previous Star Wars films, The Phantom Menace makes several references to historical events and films that George Lucas watched in his youth. The Star Wars films typically mix several concepts from different mythologies together.[81]
The Jedi practice Zen-like meditation and martial arts, as did the ancient Japanese Samurai warriors. The name "Qui-Gon" adapts the term qigong, which refers to a Chinese discipline involving meditation and cultivation of the flow of the vital energy called "Chi" or "Qi" for healing, health and combat. The words Ch'i (Chinese), gi (Korean), ki (Japanese) and the Indian term "Prana" all refer to the energy that is thought to flow through all living things, from the source of all chi (or power) which is "The Way" or "The Tao" in Chinese philosophy. In Taoist philosophy, from The Way, yin and yang—the opposing but complementary aspects of reality or nature—are born. Unlike Chinese philosophy, in which yin and yang are not moral qualities, the ancient Persian philosophy of Zurvanism taught that the dualism of dark and light forces are locked in an eternal battle while being two sides (or evolutes) of the same "Force", the force of time itself (Zurvan)—the prime mover. These elements derive primarily from Eastern and Iranian religions and myths.[81]
There are many references to Christian beliefs in the film, such as the appearance of Darth Maul, whose design draws heavily from traditional depictions of the Christian devil, complete with red skin and horns.[81] Maul's facial tattoos were inspired by the indigenous peoples of Brazil.[82] The Star Wars film cycle features a similar Christian narrative involving Anakin Skywalker; he is the "chosen one"—the individual prophesied to bring balance to the Force—who was conceived of a virgin birth and is tempted to join the Sith. Anakin's fall from grace seemingly prevents him from fulfilling his destiny as the "chosen one" (until Return of the Jedi reveals the prophecy was ultimately true). The inspiration behind the story of the virgin birth parallels a concept developed by Joseph Campbell and his work on The Hero with a Thousand Faces, which heavily influenced Lucas' writing of the original Star Wars trilogy's outline.[81]
Japanese films such as Akira Kurosawa's The Hidden Fortress influenced the original Star Wars film; scholars say that The Phantom Menace was likewise influenced by Korean and Japanese culture. Film historians Geoff King and Tanya Krzywinska write, "The costume and make-up designs ... favour a mixture of the gothic and the oriental [sic] over anything very futuristic. The gothic is most strongly apparent in Darth Maul's demonic horns and the red and black make-up mask that borrows from the facial designs found in depictions of Japanese demons". King and Krzywinska say that "Qui-Gon's pony tail and Obi-Wan's position of apprentice further encourage a reading in terms of the Samurai tradition". They also say "Amidala, in keeping with her status and character, has a number of highly formal outfits ... to go with hair sculpted into a curve that frames make-up of a Japanese cast".[83]
Release[edit]
The release on May 19, 1999, of the first new Star Wars film in 16 years was accompanied by a considerable amount of attention.[84] Few film studios released films during the same week: DreamWorks and Universal Studios released The Love Letter on May 21 and Notting Hill on May 28, respectively.[85] The Love Letter was a commercial failure but Notting Hill fared better and followed The Phantom Menace closely in second place.[86] Employment consultant firm Challenger, Gray & Christmas estimated that 2.2 million full-time employees missed work to attend the film, resulting in a US$293 million loss of productivity. According to The Wall Street Journal, so many workers announced plans to view the premiere that many companies closed on the opening day.[87] Queue areas formed outside cinema theaters over a month before ticket sales began.[88]
More theater lines appeared when it was announced that cinemas were not allowed to sell tickets in advance until two weeks into the release. This was because of a fear that family theater-goers would be either unable to receive tickets or would be forced to pay higher prices for them. Instead, tickets were to be sold on a first-come-first-served basis.[89] However, after meetings with the National Association of Theatre Owners, Lucasfilm agreed to allow advance ticket sales on May 12, 1999, provided there was a limit of 12 tickets per customer.[90] As a result, some advance tickets were sold by scalpers at prices as high as US$100 apiece, which a distribution chief called "horrible" and said it was exactly what they wanted to avoid.[91] Daily Variety reported that theater owners received strict instructions from Lucasfilm that the film could only play in the cinema's largest auditorium for the first 8–12 weeks, no honor passes were allowed for the first eight weeks, and they were obliged to send their payments to distributor 20th Century Fox within seven days.[92]
Despite worries about the film being finished on time, two weeks before its theatrical release Lucasfilm preponed the release date from May 21 to 19, 1999. At the ShoWest Convention, Lucas said the change was intended to give the fans a "head start" by allowing them to view it during the week and allowing families to view it during weekends. Foreshadowing his future conversion to digital cinematography, Lucas said the film would be released on four digital projectors on June 18, 1999.[93] Eleven charity premieres were staged across the United States on May 16, 1999; receipts from the Los Angeles event, where corporate packages were available for between US$5,000 and US$25,000; proceeds were donated to the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation.[94] Other charity premieres included the Dallas premiere for the Children's Medical Center, the Aubrey Fund for Pediatric Cancer Research at the Sloan-Kettering Hospital in New York, the Big Brother/Sister Association of the Philadelphia premiere, and the Children's National Medical Center in Washington, D.C. A statement said that tickets were sold at US$500 apiece and that certain sections of the theaters were set aside for disadvantaged children.[95]
Marketing[edit]
Lucasfilm spent US$20 million on the film's advertising campaign and made promotional licensing deals with Hasbro, Lego, Tricon Global Restaurants, and PepsiCo.[96] Lucasfilm also helped the Star Wars fan club to organize an event called Star Wars Celebration, which was held in Denver, Colorado between April 30 and May 2, 1999.[97]
The teaser trailer was released on selected screens accompanying Meet Joe Black on November 13, 1998, and media reported that people were paying full admission at theaters to see the trailer.[98] To keep fans from leaving before the movie was over, some theaters played the teaser an additional time after the film finished.[99] A second trailer was released on March 12, 1999, with the film Wing Commander. Again, many fans paid full theater admission to watch the new trailer.[100] A bootlegged version of the preview was leaked to the Internet the same day.[101] The next morning, the trailer was released on the film's official website and shortly afterwards the servers became overloaded.[102] The theatrical trailer caused even more media attention because it was premiered in theaters and screened at the |ShoWest Convention in Las Vegas,[103] and was aired on Entertainment Tonight and Access Hollywood.[101]
The teaser poster, featuring Anakin with his shadow forming Darth Vader's silhouette, was released on November 10, 1998. After Lucas opted for a drawn theatrical poster, Drew Struzan, the artist responsible for the Special Edition posters, was commissioned to illustrate, and the poster was unveiled on March 11, 1999. Lucasfilm dictated that, contractually, Struzan's illustration was the only art the foreign distributors could use, and other than the text, it could not be modified in any way.[104]
Many tie-in adaptations, such as a LucasArts video game for the PlayStation and PC,[105] a pinball machine by Williams,[106] a four-part comic book adaptation by Dark Horse Comics,[107] and a junior novelization by Scholastic were released.[108] The film's official novelization was written by Terry Brooks, who met with Lucas before writing the book and receiving his approval and guidance. It included information about pending developments in the following two installments of the series.[109]
General Mills and Brisk were promotional partners in North America for the 2012 3D re-release but promotion was limited.[110][111] The film was extensively promoted in Japan; promotional products were sold by 7-Eleven, Domino's Pizza, Pepsi and Gari-Gari Kun.[112] Kellogg's promoted the film internationally,[113][114] and French restaurant Quick launched three Star Wars-themed burgers.[115] Lucasfilm also partnered with Variety, the Children's Charity to raise funds for children through the sale of a special edition badge.[116]
Home media[edit]
Comparison between the puppet of Yoda, present in the theatrical and DVD releases, and the computer-generated model, present in the Blu-ray Disc and 3D releases.
The film was released worldwide on VHS between April 3 and 8, 2000. Two versions were released in North America on April 4—a standard pan and scan version and a widescreen Collector's Edition version. In its first two days of availability, the regular version sold 4.5 million copies and the limited edition sold 500,000.[117] It was the first Star Wars film to be officially released on DVD, on October 16, 2001. The special features included seven deleted scenes completed specifically for the DVD, a commentary track featuring Lucas and producer Rick McCallum, and several documentaries—including a full-length documentary entitled "The Beginning: Making Episode I". The Phantom Menace became the fastest selling DVD ever in the U.S.; 2.2 million copies were sold in its first week after release.[118]
The DVD version was re-released in a prequel trilogy box set on November 4, 2008.[119] A Laserdisc version of The Phantom Menace was released in Japan several months before it was available on DVD in the U.S.[120] The Star Wars films were released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on Blu-ray Disc on September 16, 2011;[121] The Phantom Menace was restored to improve the picture quality and remove the magnification present on the previous DVD release, restoring approximately 8 percent of the picture to the frame.[122] In the Blu-ray release of The Phantom Menace, the Yoda puppet was replaced with a CGI model, making it consistent with the other films of the prequel trilogy.[123]
On April 7, 2015, Walt Disney Studios, 20th Century Fox, and Lucasfilm jointly announced the digital releases of the six released Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released The Phantom Menace through the iTunes Store, Amazon Video, Vudu, Google Play, and Disney Movies Anywhere on April 10, 2015.[124]
3D re-release[edit]
On September 28, 2010, it was announced that all six films in the series would be stereo-converted to 3D. These would be re-released in episode order, beginning with The Phantom Menace, which was released to cinemas in February 10, 2012.[125] Prime Focus Limited did the conversion under close supervision by ILM.[126] However, the 3D re-releases of Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones and Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith were postponed after Lucasfilm was bought by The Walt Disney Company, which decided to focus on the development of Star Wars: The Force Awakens.[127]
Lucas stated the 3D re-release was "just a conversion" of the film's 2011 Blu-ray release and no additional changes were made.[128] Only a change to Anakin's magnetic wand during the podrace scene—its tip was sharpened to more accurately fit the original 2D photography to the new 3D image—was confirmed.[129]
Novelization[edit]
Main article: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (novel)
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 212 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Burdened by exposition and populated with stock characters, The Phantom Menace gets the Star Wars prequels off to a bumpy – albeit visually dazzling – start."[130] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 51 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[131] On both sites, it is the lowest-rated film in the Star Wars film series, excluding the animated feature The Clone Wars. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[132]
Many aspects of the scripting were criticized, especially that of the character Jar Jar Binks, who was regarded by many members of the older fan community as toyetic—a merchandising opportunity rather than a serious character.[133][134] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times described Binks as "a major miscue, a comic-relief character who's frankly not funny."[135] Drew Grant of Salon.com wrote "Perhaps the absolute creative freedom director George Lucas enjoyed while dreaming up the flick's 'comic' relief—with no studio execs and not many an independently minded actor involved—is a path to the dark side."[136]
Red Letter Media produced a highly critical 70 minute video review narrated by a fictional "Harry S. Plinkett", which went into great detail on their criticisms of the film and went viral, receiving over 7 million views. Among the many criticisms was the assertion that the film lacked basic structure, such as having a protagonist.[137][138]
Conversely, Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it three-and-a-half stars out of four and called it "an astonishing achievement in imaginative filmmaking" and said "Lucas tells a good story." Ebert also wrote that "If some of the characters are less than compelling, perhaps that's inevitable" because it is the opening film in the new trilogy. He concluded his review by saying that rather than Star Trek films, filmmakers could "[g]ive me transparent underwater cities and vast hollow senatorial spheres any day."[139] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "B" grade and complimented Liam Neeson's performance and the action scenes.[140] In an Entertainment Weekly review for the DVD release, Marc Bernardin gave the film a "C-", calling it "haplessly plotted, horribly written, and juvenile".[141] ReelViews' James Berardinelli wrote:
Looking at the big picture, in spite of all its flaws, The Phantom Menace is still among the best "bang for a buck" fun that can be had in a movie theater. It isn't as fresh as the original Star Wars nor does it have the thematic richness and narrative complexity of The Empire Strikes Back, but it is a distinct improvement over Return of the Jedi. In fact, after Return of the Jedi, I didn't have a burning desire to return to this galaxy 'far, far away', but, with The Phantom Menace, Lucas has revived my interest. Now, it's with genuine regret that I realize the next segment of the series is three long years away.[142]
Andrew Johnston of Time Out New York wrote "Let's face it: no film could ever match the expectations some have for Episode I – The Phantom Menace. Which isn't to say it's a disappointment: on the contrary, it's awesomely entertaining, provided you accept it on its own terms ... Like the original film, it's a Boy's Own adventure yarn with a corny but irresistible spiritual subtext. The effects and production design are stunning, but they always serve the story, not the other way around."[143] Susan Wloszczyna of USA Today said the film did "plenty right" and praised the characters Darth Maul and Watto.[144] David Cornelius of efilmcritic.com said the film's better moments "don't merely balance out the weaker ones—they topple them."[145] Colin Kennedy of Empire magazine said that despite problems with pacing and writing, "there is still much pleasure to be had watching our full-blown Jedi guides in action." He praised the visuals and Liam Neeson's performance, and said the duel between Darth Maul and the Jedi was "the saga's very best lightsaber battle".[146]
Empire magazine ranked The Phantom Menace on its list of "500 Greatest Movies Of All Time",[147] while Entertainment Weekly and Comcast included the film on their lists of the worst movie sequels.[148][149] James Berardinelli wrote "The Phantom Menace was probably the most overhyped motion picture of the last decade (if not longer), and its reputation suffered as a result of its inability to satisfy unreasonable expectations."[150] William Arnold of the Seattle Post-Intelligencer agreed that the film's massive hype caused many of the negative reactions, saying "it built expectations that can't possibly be matched and scuttled [the] element of storytelling surprise." He also said the film was "well made and entertaining" and was much better than similar box office fare released around that year, such as The Mummy and The Matrix.[151]
The introduction of midi-chlorians—microscopic organisms that mediate use of the Force—in the film has been controversial among fans. Some viewed it as a concept that negates the Force's spiritual quality, although the film still portrays the Force as a mysterious entity using the midi-chlorians to communicate with living beings. Film historian Daniel Dinello says "Anathema to Star Wars fanatics who thought they reduced the Force to a kind of viral infection, midi-chlorians provide a biological interface, the link between physical bodies and spiritual energy."[152] Religion expert John D. Caputo writes "In the 'Gospel according to Lucas', a world is conjured up in which the intractable oppositions that have tormented religious thinkers for centuries are reconciled ... The gifts that the Jedi masters enjoy have a perfectly plausible scientific basis, even if its ways are mysterious: their bodily cells have a heavier than usual concentration of 'midi-chlorians'."[153]
After the film's release, there was controversy over whether several alien characters reflect racial stereotypes. For example, the oafish, slow-witted Jar Jar Binks had long droopy ears reminiscent of dreadlocks and spoke with what many perceived as a Caribbean patois reminiscent of Jamaican Creole.[154] The greedy and corrupt Neimoidians of the Trade Federation spoke with East Asian accents and the unprincipled trader Watto has been interpreted as a Jewish stereotype reminiscent of Charles Dickens' character Fagin. Lucas has denied all of these implications,[133] instead criticizing the American media for using opinions from the Internet as a reliable source for news stories. Lucas added that it reflected more the racism of the commenters than it does the movie;[155] however, animator Rob Coleman said he viewed footage of Alec Guinness as Fagin in Oliver Twist to inspire his animators in the creation of Watto.[156] Drew Grant described Jar Jar Binks as "[s]ervile and cowardly ... a black minstrel-ish stereotype on par with Stepin Fetchit."[136] Michael Eric Dyson, professor of African-American studies at Georgetown University, said the entire Gungan people seem oddly suggestive of a primitive African tribe. Dyson said "The leader of Jar Jar's tribe is a fat, bumbling buffoon with a rumbling voice, and he seems to be a caricature of a stereotypical African tribal chieftain."[157]
Box office performance[edit]
Despite its mixed critical reception, The Phantom Menace was a financial success, breaking many box office records in its debut. It broke The Lost World: Jurassic Park's records for the largest single-day gross for taking more than $28 million in the opening day and fastest to gross $100 million in five days. It grossed $64.8 million in its opening weekend, the second-ever highest at the time.[158] It also became the quickest film to reach the $200 million and $300 million marks, surpassing Independence Day (1996) and Titanic (1997) respectively.[159] The Phantom Menace was 1999's most successful film, earning $431.1 million in North America and $493.2 million in other territories, taking $924.3 million worldwide.[159] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 84.8 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[160] At that time, the film was the third highest-grossing film in North America behind Titanic and Star Wars (1977), and the second highest-grossing film worldwide behind Titanic without adjusting for inflation of ticket prices. When adjusted for ticket price inflation, it ranked as the 19th-highest-grossing film domestically, making it the fourth Star Wars film to be in the Inflation-Adjusted Top 20. Outside North America, the film grossed over $10 million in Australia ($25.9 million), Brazil ($10.4 million), France and Algeria ($43 million), Germany ($53.9 million), Italy ($12.9 million), Japan ($109.9 million), Mexico ($12 million), Spain ($25 million), and the United Kingdom and Ireland ($81.9 million).[161]
After its 3D re-release in 2012, the worldwide box office gross exceeded $1 billion.[162] Although in the intervening years, the film had lost some of its rankings in the lists of highest-grossing films, the 3D re-release returned it to the worldwide all-time Top 10 for several months.[163] In North America, its revenues overtook those of the original Star Wars as the saga's highest-grossing film when not adjusting for inflation of ticket prices, and is the tenth highest-grossing film in North America as of August 2017[update].[164] In North America, its ranking on the Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation list climbed to 16th place—one place behind Return of the Jedi.[165] The 3D re-release, which premiered in February 2012, earned $43 million—$22.5 million of which was in North America—worldwide.[166] The 3D re-release earned US$102,727,119 worldwide—including $43.5 million in North America—and has increased the film's overall box office takings to $474.5 million domestically, and $552.5 million in other territories.[167] The film's earnings exceeded $1 billion worldwide on February 22, 2012, making it the first Star Wars film and the 11th film in history—excluding inflation—to do so.[162][167]
Accolades[edit]
The Phantom Menace was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Sound Editing, Best Visual Effects, and Best Sound Mixing (Gary Rydstrom, Tom Johnson, Shawn Murphy, and John Midgley); all of which went to The Matrix.[168][169] The film won Saturn Awards for Best Costumes and Best Special Effects,[170] the MTV Movie Award for Best Action Scene,[171] and a Young Artist Award for Jake Lloyd's performance.[172] It was also nominated for—among others—the BAFTAs for Visual Effects and Sound,[173] and the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media.[174] The film did however receive seven Golden Raspberry Award (Razzie) nominations for Worst Picture, Worst Director, Worst Screenplay, Worst Supporting Actor (Jake Lloyd as Anakin), Worst Supporting Actress (Sofia Coppola as Saché), Worst Screen Couple (Jake Lloyd and Natalie Portman), and Jar Jar Binks actor Ahmed Best won the Worst Supporting Actor category.[175]
Sequels[edit]
Main articles: Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones and Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith
A sequel, Attack of the Clones, was released in 2002. A second sequel, Revenge of the Sith, was released in 2005. The story continues a decade later with Anakin Skywalker now grown to adulthood with the character now played by Hayden Christensen.
See also[edit]
Star Wars portal
Film in the United States portal
1990s portal
Science fiction portal
List of films featuring space stations
List of films featuring extraterrestrials
List of Star Wars films and television series
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Theatrical and home media distribution rights will be transferred from 20th Century Fox to the Walt Disney Studios in May 2020.[1] The digital distribution rights belong to Disney, as Lucasfilm retained the film's digital distribution rights prior to its acquisition by Disney.[2]
References[edit]
Citations
Jump up ^ Masters, Kim (October 30, 2012). "Tangled Rights Could Tie Up Ultimate 'Star Wars' Box Set (Analysis)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Walt Disney Company FY 2013 SEC Form 10-K Filing" (PDF). The Walt Disney Company. November 20, 2013. p. 13. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 11, 2015. Retrieved April 17, 2015. Prior to the Company’s acquisition, Lucasfilm produced six Star Wars films (Episodes 1 through 6). Lucasfilm retained the rights to consumer products related to all of the films and the rights related to television and electronic distribution formats for all of the films, with the exception of the rights for Episode 4, which are owned by a third-party studio. All of the films are distributed by a third-party studio in the theatrical and home video markets. The theatrical and home video distribution rights for these films revert to Lucasfilm in May 2020 with the exception of Episode 4, for which these distribution rights are retained in perpetuity by the third-party studio.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved February 26, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 14, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Star Wars Episode I Production Notes: The Actors and Characters – Part I". StarWars.com. May 1, 1999. Archived from the original on October 23, 2004. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, p. 44-45.
Jump up ^ Bowen 2005, p. 3
Jump up ^ "Return of the galaxy's new beauty". CNN. 2002. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Star Wars Episode I Production Notes: The Actors and Characters – Part II". StarWars.com. May 1, 1999. Archived from the original on October 23, 2004. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Homing Beacon #134: Palpatine Speaks". StarWars.com. April 14, 2005. Archived from the original on April 18, 2005. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Daly, Steven (May 19, 1999). "Behind the scenes of The Phantom Menace". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 19, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, p. 96.
Jump up ^ Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace audio commentary. The Phantom Menace DVD: 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. 2001.
Jump up ^ Ross, Dalton (February 3, 2012). "George Lucas talks about adding a digital Yoda to 'The Phantom Menace' – exclusive video". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Man (Literally) Behind C-3PO". StarWars.com. November 2, 1999. Archived from the original on November 2, 2007. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
Jump up ^ Williams, Andrew (May 19, 2005). "Kenny Baker". Metro. Retrieved January 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Chernoff, Scott (December 1997 – January 1998). "Terence Stamp: Stamp of Approval". Star Wars Insider (41).
Jump up ^ "Multiple Personality". Star Wars Insider (83). July 2005.
Jump up ^ Simpson, Christian (4 June 2014). "From Fandom to Phantom: When Star Wars Dreams Become Reality". Star Wars.com. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
Jump up ^ George Lucas intro to Splinter of the Mind's Eye 1994 reissue
Jump up ^ Rinzler 2007, p. 107
Jump up ^ Kaminski 2007, p. 134
Jump up ^ Kaminski 2007, pp. 164–165
Jump up ^ Bouzereau 1997, p. 123
Jump up ^ Clarke, Gerald; Worrell, Denise (May 23, 1983). "I've Got to Get My life Back Again". Time. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ Kaminski 2007, p. 227
Jump up ^ Kaminski 2007, pp. 294–295
Jump up ^ Kaminski 2007, pp. 299–300
^ Jump up to: a b "Special Featurette", All I Need Is An Idea (2001), DVD
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, p. 7.
Jump up ^ Bowen 2005, p. 93
^ Jump up to: a b Shay, Don (July 1999). "Return of the Jedi". Cinefex (78): 15–32.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 8–9.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars Episode 1 Was Offered to Ron Howard". Collider. November 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 10–12.
Jump up ^ Christopher, James (April 12, 2000). "Greetings, Earthlings; Arts". The Times. p. 16. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Thousands of Things DVD Special Featurette, [2001]
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 12–17.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 54–55.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 16–22.
^ Jump up to: a b Prime of the Jedi DVD Special Featurette, [2001]
^ Jump up to: a b Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 102–3
Jump up ^ Costumes DVD Special Featurette, [2001]
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, p. 23.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 60–64.
Jump up ^ "Silas Carson: Hero with a Thousand Faces". StarWars.com. May 30, 2002. Archived from the original on February 2, 2008. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Watto's Character Development – From Concept to CG". StarWars.com. June 17, 1999. Archived from the original on November 12, 2007. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Corliss, Richard; Booth, Cathy (April 26, 1999). "Ready, Set, Glow". Time. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Sebulba at the Star Wars Databank". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Perlman, Cindy (July 2, 2004). "'King Arthur' Star No Damsel In Distress". The New York Times Syndicate. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Waters, Lowenna (January 23, 2014). "Keira Knightley: 'my most exciting role was on The Bill'". The Telegraph. Retrieved June 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Swank, Jason (November 6, 2009). "Microcast: In The Cantina With Hugh Quarshie". TheForce.Net. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Bowen 2005, p. 5
^ Jump up to: a b "Brian Blessed Talks On British Radio About STAR WARS EPISODE ONE. SPOILERS". Ain't It Cool News. December 3, 1998. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, p. 51.
Jump up ^ Walters, Jamie (April 18, 2002). "Brian Blessed". Metro. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ De Smelyen, Phil (July 4, 2013). "Sofia Coppola: Film By Film". Empire. Retrieved May 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, p. 53.
Jump up ^ "The Park on TV". Cassiobury Park website. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars trek: Whippendell Woods – November 2001". Star Wars Locations. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 137–138.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Beginning" Making Episode I Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace DVD documentary, [2001]
Jump up ^ It's Like War Now DVD Special Featurette, [2001]
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 57.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 77–79; 84–85.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 79–80; 120.
Jump up ^ Metz, Cade (May 23, 2006). "Hollywood Reboots". PC Magazine: 70–71.
Jump up ^ "Fode and Beed at the Star Wars Databank". StarWars.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 135–137; 149.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, p. 105.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 106.
Jump up ^ Visual Effects DVD Special Featurette, [2001]
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 115–124.
Jump up ^ Bad Droid Karma DVD Special Featurette, [2001]
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 65–66.
Jump up ^ Bouzereau & Duncan 1999, pp. 119–120.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chat with John Williams". TalkCity. May 6, 1999. Archived from the original on October 13, 1999. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Movie Music DVD Special Featurette, [2001]
Jump up ^ Stevenson, Joseph. "Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace [Original Motion Picture Soundtrack] [The Ultimate Edition]". AllMusic. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "The Ultimate Edition – Star Wars: Episode I The Phantom Menace". Sony Classical. Archived from the original on April 13, 2001. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Moyers, Bill (April 26, 1999). "Of Myth And Men". Time. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Cotta Vaz, Mark (July 1999). "Phantom Visions". Cinefex (78): 39–68.
Jump up ^ King, Geoff; Krzywinska, Tanya (2000). Science Fiction Cinema: From Outerspace to Cyberspace. London: Wallflower Press. p. 109. ISBN 1-903364-03-5.
Jump up ^ Bowen 2005, p. 76
Jump up ^ "Challenging the Force With a ‘Love Letter’". Los Angeles Times. May 17, 1999. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Hindes, Andrew (June 1, 1999). "Jedi masters $200 mil mark". Variety. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "May 19th: A "Cultural Holiday?"". Los Angeles Daily News. April 20, 1999. Retrieved February 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ "An Online Chat with Rick McCallum". StarWars.com. March 4, 1999. Archived from the original on September 24, 2004. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Snow, Shauna (March 30, 1999). "Arts And Entertainment Reports From The Times, News Services And The Nation's Press". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ "Advance Sale Planned; 'Phantom Menace' Tickets to be Available Week Before May 19 Opening". Los Angeles Daily News. April 24, 1999. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Fans rave over Star Wars". BBC. May 19, 1999. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Hindes, Andrew; Petrikin, Chris (April 6, 1999). "New 'Star' born with firm terms". Variety. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Petrikin, Chris (March 11, 1999). "Star of trailer wars". Variety. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Craughwell, Kathleen (March 25, 1999). "Stars Align for 'Phantom' Galaxy". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Stars in Force for 'Phantom Menace'". People. March 4, 1999. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Elliott, Stuart (May 14, 1999). "The Media Business: Advertising—The Hype Is With Us; The Lucas Empire Is Invading; Resistance Is Futile". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars Celebration 1999". StarWars.com. April 30, 1999. Archived from the original on January 3, 2006. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Weinraub, Bernard (November 23, 1998). "Now Playing: Two New Minutes of 'Star Wars'". The New York Times. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Greene, Andy. "Flashback: 'Star Wars: Phantom Menace' Trailer Causes Hysteria in 1998". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 21 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "New 'Star Wars' trailer makes debut in theaters". Lubbock Avalanche-Journal. March 13, 1999.
^ Jump up to: a b ""Star Wars" trailer: The bootleggers strike back". Salon. March 10, 1999. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Net Force Clogged". Empire. November 19, 1998. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Jensen, Jeff (March 26, 1999). "A Sho of Force". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 23, 2011. Retrieved February 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: Episode I – The Making of the Poster". StarWars.com. March 10, 1999. Archived from the original on June 3, 2011. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace". IGN. May 18, 1999. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Star wars Pinball 2000". Williams Electronics Games. Archived from the original on August 22, 2007. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "The Phantom Menace Online Comic". May 1, 1999. Archived from the original on June 9, 2009. Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Patricia C. Wrede (May 3, 1999). "Star Wars, Episode I – The Phantom (Junior Novelization)". Scholastic Paperbacks. ISBN 0-590-01089-1.
Jump up ^ Brooks, Terry (February 3, 2004). "Sometimes the Magic Works: Lessons from a Writing Life". Del Rey Books. ISBN 0-345-46551-2.
Jump up ^ Lukovitz, Karlene (January 23, 2012). "General Mills Ties Into 3D 'Star Wars' Release". Marketing Daily. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Yoda and Maul Get 'Briskified'". StarWars.com. January 9, 2012. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Vilmur, Pete (April 5, 2012). "7-Eleven R2, Darth Maul Utensils, and Lightsaber Popsicle Sticks". Star Wars Blog. Archived from the original on April 8, 2012. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Alasse, Letícia (January 12, 2012). "Kellogg’s lança embalagens do filme Star Wars". Exame (in Portuguese). Retrieved March 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Carminho, Thibaut (April 23, 2012). "Promotional Product Spain – Star Wars Spoon by Kellogg’s". ODM Group. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Parsons, Chris (January 6, 2012). "May the Force beef with you: But who'll be tempted by a Darth Vader burger in a black bun?". Daily Mail. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kemp, Stuart (February 7, 2012). "Global Children’s Charity Variety Partners With LucasFilm To Create Gold Heart Badge". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Wendy (April 7, 2000). "Star Wars fans snap up two VHS versions despite no DVD.". Video Business. Archived from the original on October 19, 2006. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars breaks DVD records". BBC News. October 24, 2001. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars Saga Repacked in Trilogy Sets on DVD". StarWars.com. August 28, 2008. Archived from the original on October 26, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Laserdisc Review – Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (Japanese Import)". The Digital Bits. April 13, 2000. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ McWeeny, Drew (January 6, 2011). "Fox makes it official at CES: 'Star Wars' on Blu-ray in September". HitFix. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Best on Blu-ray: Restoring the Star Wars Saga for the HD Generation". StarWars.com. August 23, 2011. Archived from the original on September 24, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ Dalton, Ross (February 2, 2012). "George Lucas talks about adding a digital Yoda to 'The Phantom Menace'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Vlessing, Etan (April 6, 2015). "'Star Wars' Movie Franchise Headed to Digital HD". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (March 3, 2011). "'Star Wars: Episode I' 3D Gets Theatrical Release Date From Lucasfilm, Fox". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace". Prime Focus.
Jump up ^ Battersby, Matilda (January 28, 2013). "Star Wars Episodes II and III 3D shelved to focus on JJ Abrams' VII". The Independent. Retrieved January 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Block, Alex (February 9, 2012). "5 Questions With George Lucas: Controversial 'Star Wars' Changes, SOPA and 'Indiana Jones 5'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ Harvey, Shannon (February 12, 2012). "May 3-D be with you". The West Australian. Retrieved May 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com. [permanent dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b Michael Okwu (June 14, 1999). "Jar Jar jars viewers, spawns criticism". CNN. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
Jump up ^ Steve Wilson (June 8, 1999). "I was a Jar Jar jackass". Salon. Retrieved December 25, 2006.
Jump up ^ Turan, Kenneth (May 18, 1999). "The Prequel Has Landed". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Grant, Drew. "I was a Jar Jar jackass – Star Wars". Salon. Archived from the original on June 27, 2009. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Red Letter Media Star Wars: Episode 1 – The Phantom Menace :". Redlettermedia.com. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ . "RedLetterMedia's Spin on the Crazed YouTube Reviewer". PopMatters. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (May 17, 1999). "Star Wars – Episode I: The Phantom Menace". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved June 29, 2006.
Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (May 21, 1999). "Movie Review: Star Wars: Episode I—The Phantom Menace (1999)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 29, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bernardin, Marc (October 16, 2001). "Movie Review: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (DVD)". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ Berardinelli, James. "Star Wars (Episode 1): The Phantom Menace (United States, 1999)". ReelViews. Retrieved June 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Time Out New York, May 12–19, 1999, p. 13
Jump up ^ Wloszczyna, Susan (May 17, 2005). "Hyped up 'Menace' runs on overdrive". USA Today. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ Kennedy, Colin. "Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace". Empire. Retrieved September 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Empire's 500 Greatest Movies Of All Time". Empire. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The worst movie sequels ever – Countdown!". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 29, 2007. Retrieved April 13, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Worst Sequels of All Time". Comcast. Archived from the original on August 25, 2016. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ James Berardinelli. "Review: Star Wars (Episode II): Attack of the Clones". ReelViews. Retrieved February 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Arnold, William (April 29, 1999). "Phantom: A Menace To Other Summer Films?". Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
Jump up ^ Daniel Dinello (2005). Technophobia!: Science Fiction Visions of Posthuman Technology. Austin: University of Texas Press. p. 211. ISBN 0-292-70986-2.
Jump up ^ Caputo, John D. (2001). On Religion. London: Routledge. p. 87. ISBN 0-415-23332-1.
Jump up ^ Guylaine Cadorette. "Jar Jar Less Conspicuous in "Clones"". Hollywood.com. Retrieved July 25, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: Lucas Strikes Back". BBC News. July 14, 1999. Retrieved May 10, 2007.
Jump up ^ Silberman, Steve (May 1999). "G Force: George Lucas fires up the next generation of Star Warriors". Wired (7.05). Retrieved July 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Jar Jar jars viewers, spawns criticism". CNN. June 9, 1999. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ Josh Wolk (May 24, 1999). "Flip the Record : 'The Phantom Menace' topples two of three box office records". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Star Wars: The Phantom Menace". The Numbers. December 1, 2001. Retrieved July 25, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ "International Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b McClintock, Pamela (February 23, 2012). "'Star Wars: Phantom Menace' Crosses $1 Billion Mark at Box Office". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "All Time Worldwide Box Office Grosses". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "All Time Domestic Box Office Grosses". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "All Time Domestic Grosses – Adjusted for Ticket Price Inflation". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ Subers, Ray (February 12, 2012). "Weekend Report (cont.): 'Phantom Menace' Moves Up to Fifth All-Time". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (In 3D)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 72nd Academy Awards (2000) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Oscar winners in full". BBC. March 27, 2000. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Past Saturn Awards". Saturn Awards. Archived from the original on December 27, 2007. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "MTV Movie Awards Past Winners: 2000". MTV. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "21st Annual Young Artist Awards: 1998–1999". Young Artist Foundation. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Film Nominations 1999". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved July 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ "John Williams" (PDF). The Gorfaine/Schwartz Agency, Inc. February 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ "1999 RAZZIE Nominees & "Winners"". Golden Raspberry Foundation. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
Sources
Bouzereau, Laurent (1997). The Annotated Screenplays. Del Rey. ISBN 0-345-40981-7.
Bouzereau, Laurent; Duncan, Jody (1999). The Making of Star Wars: The Phantom Menace. Ballantine. ISBN 0-345-43111-1.
Bowen, Jonathan L. (2005). "Anticipation: The Real Life Story of Star Wars: Episode I-The Phantom Menace". iUniverse. ISBN 0-595-34732-0.
Kaminski, Michael (2007). "The Secret History of Star Wars".
Rinzler, J.W. (2007). The Making of Star Wars: The Definitive Story Behind the Original Film (Star Wars). Del Rey. ISBN 0-345-49476-8.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
Listen to this article (info/dl)

This audio file was created from a revision of the article "Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace" dated March 16, 2007, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)
More spoken articles
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace at StarWars.com
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace at Lucasfilm.com
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace on Wookieepedia, a Star Wars wiki
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace on IMDb
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace at AllMovie
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace at Rotten Tomatoes
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace at Metacritic
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace at Box Office Mojo
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace at Corona's Coming Attractions
[show]
v
t
e
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
Characters
Qui-Gon Jinn
Obi-Wan Kenobi
Darth Maul
Padmé Amidala
Anakin Skywalker
Palpatine/Darth Sidious
Mace Windu
Yoda
Jar Jar Binks
C-3PO
R2-D2
Jabba the Hutt
Watto
Battle droid
Tusken Raiders
Planets
Coruscant
Naboo
Tatooine
Vehicles
Flare-S Swoop/Sith Speeder/STAP
Flash Speeder/X-34 Landspeeder
Sandcrawler
Tie-in media
Soundtrack
Novelization
Behind the Magic
"The Saga Begins"
Games
Episode I (video game)
Episode I: Racer
Jedi Power Battles
Battle for Naboo
Obi-Wan's Adventures
Racer Arcade
Episode I pinball
[show]
v
t
e
Star Wars
Feature
films
Saga
Star Wars (1977)
The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
Return of the Jedi (1983)
The Phantom Menace (1999)
Attack of the Clones (2002)
Revenge of the Sith (2005)
The Force Awakens (2015)
The Last Jedi (2017)
Anthology
Rogue One (2016)
Untitled Han Solo film (2018)
Other
The Clone Wars (2008)
Television
and radio
Films
Holiday Special (1978)
Caravan of Courage (1984)
The Battle for Endor (1985)
Series
Droids (1985–1986)
Ewoks (1985–1986)
Clone Wars (2003–2005)
The Clone Wars (2008–2014)
cast
episodes
Rebels (2014–)
characters
episodes
Detours
Radio dramas (1981–1996)
Other
media
Games and multimedia
Video games
list
Shadows of the Empire (1996)
Knights of the Old Republic (2003–2005)
The Force Unleashed (2008–2010)
The Old Republic (2011–)
Forces of Destiny (2017)
Literature and artwork
Art
Books
non-fiction
Comics
list
Legends
Setting
Characters
Jedi
Sith
Stormtrooper
Clone trooper
Concepts
Architecture
Creatures / Species
Languages
The Force
Physics
Planets and moons
Events
Clone Wars
Galactic Civil War
Organizations
First Order
Galactic Empire
Galactic Republic
New Republic
Rebel Alliance
Technology
Weapons
Blaster
Death Star
Lightsaber
Vehicles
Landspeeder
TIE fighter
X-wing fighter
Star Destroyer
Millennium Falcon
Production
George Lucas
Lucasfilm
Canon
Cast
Changes in film re-releases
Filming locations
Music
Opening crawl
Sequel trilogy
Sources and analogues
Cultural
impact
Attractions
A Galactic Spectacular
Jedi Training: Trials of the Temple
Star Tours
The Adventures Continue
Galaxy's Edge
Star Wars Hotel
Star Wars Launch Bay
Star Wars Weekends
Where Science Meets Imagination
Lego
List of sets
TV series
The Yoda Chronicles (2013–2014)
Droid Tales (2015)
The Resistance Rises (2016)
The Freemaker Adventures (2016–)
Video games
Merchandise
Action figures
Kenner
list
Hasbro
Vintage Collection
Star Wars Transformers
Games
Star Wars Pez
Manga
Force Trainer
Shepperton Design Studios
Trading cards
Vinylmation
Star Wars Rollinz toys
Parodies
Hardware Wars (1978)
Spaceballs (1987)
Star Warped (1997)
Thumb Wars (1999)
George Lucas in Love (1999)
Robot Chicken: Star Wars (2007)
Laugh It Up, Fuzzball: The Family Guy Trilogy (2007–10)
The People vs. George Lucas (2010)
Other
501st Legion
Comparison to Star Trek
Fan films
Force for Change
Jedi census
Jediism
Rebel Legion
Star Wars Celebration
Star Wars Day
Star Wars: In Concert
Star Wars Insider
Wookieepedia
TheForce.Net
Yoda conditions
Book
Category
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
George Lucas filmography
Films directed
Feature
THX 1138 (1971)
American Graffiti (1973)
Star Wars (1977)
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999)
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002)
Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)
Short
Look at Life (1965)
Herbie (1965)
Freiheit (1966)
1:42.08 (1966)
Electronic Labyrinth: THX 1138 4EB (1967)
The Emperor (1967)
Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town (1967)
6-18-67 (1967)
Filmmaker (1968)
Bald: The Making of THX 1138 (1971, uncredited)
Films written
The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
Return of the Jedi (1983)
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
Captain EO (1986)
Star Tours (1987, uncredited)
Willow (1988)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
Radioland Murders (1994)
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008, uncredited)
Red Tails (2012, uncredited)
Strange Magic (2015)
Television
Star Wars Holiday Special (1978)
Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure (1984)
Ewoks: The Battle for Endor (1985)
Star Wars: Ewoks (1985-1986)
Star Wars: Droids (1985-1986)
The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992-1996)
Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003-2005)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008-2014)
Star Wars Detours (TBA)
Related
American Zoetrope
Indiana Jones
Lucasfilm
ILM
LucasArts
Lucasfilm Animation
Skywalker Sound
Pixar
Skywalker Ranch
Star Wars
The Star Wars Corporation
THX
Edutopia
[show]
v
t
e
Lucasfilm
Productions
Films
American Graffiti (1973)
Star Wars (1977)
More American Graffiti (1979)
The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
Return of the Jedi (1983)
Twice Upon a Time (1983)
Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)
Latino (1985)
Mishima: A Life in Four Chapters (1985)
Labyrinth (1986)
Howard the Duck (1986)
Tucker: The Man and His Dream (1988)
Willow (1988)
The Land Before Time (1988)
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
Radioland Murders (1994)
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999)
Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones (2002)
Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith (2005)
Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008)
Red Tails (2012)
Strange Magic (2015)
Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015)
Rogue One (2016)
Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017)
Untitled Han Solo film (2018)
TV series
Star Wars: Droids (1985–86)
Star Wars: Ewoks (1985–86)
Maniac Mansion (1990–93)
The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1992–93)
Star Wars: Clone Wars (2003–05)
Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008–14)
Star Wars Rebels (2014–present)
Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures (2016–present)
Star Wars Detours
TV films
Caravan of Courage: An Ewok Adventure (1984)
Ewoks: The Battle for Endor (1985)
Theme park
films
Captain EO (1986)
Star Tours (1987)
ExtraTERRORestrial Alien Encounter (1995)
Star Tours – The Adventures Continue (2011)
Franchises
Star Wars
Indiana Jones
Related
productions
THX 1138 (1971)
Divisions
Industrial Light & Magic
Skywalker Sound
Lucasfilm Animation
LucasArts
Former divisions
The Droid Works
EditDroid
Graphics Group (Pixar)
Kerner Optical
SoundDroid
THX
People
George Lucas (Founder)
Kathleen Kennedy (President)
Howard Roffman (EVP, Franchise Management)
Parent: Walt Disney Studios (The Walt Disney Company)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 178747903
LCCN: n99005466
GND: 4557348-7
SUDOC: 089626397
BNF: cb165980986 (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Star_Wars:_Episode_I_–_The_Phantom_Menace&oldid=805006552"
Categories:
1999 films
English-language films
American films
Star Wars films
Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
1990s science fiction films
Science fantasy films
1990s adventure films
1990s action films
Alien invasions in films
American epic films
American robot films
American science fiction action films
American science fiction war films
American space adventure films
Films about children
Films about elections
Films featuring puppetry
Films shot in Italy
Films shot in Tunisia
Films using computer-generated imagery
Films with underwater settings
Prequel films
Science fiction adventure films
Telekinesis in film
Underwater civilizations in fiction
3D re-releases
20th Century Fox films
Lucasfilm films
Film scores by John Williams
Films directed by George Lucas
Films produced by Rick McCallum
Screenplays by George Lucas
Hidden categories:
Pages using web citations with no URL
Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL
CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from April 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Use mdy dates from October 2015
Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2017
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Spoken articles
Articles with hAudio microformats
Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
Good articles
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Fiji Hindi
Føroyskt
Français
Gaeilge
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingua
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ქართული
Қазақша
Latina
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
संस्कृतम्
Scots
Sicilianu
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 12 October 2017, at 13:27.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: This is a good article. Click here for more information.

values: mw-indicator-good-star mw-indicator

values: mw-indicator-spoken-icon mw-indicator

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (video game)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: colspan class style

values: Illustration depicting various characters of the film, surrounded by a frame which reads at the top "Every saga has a beginning". In the background, there is a close-up of a face with yellow eyes and red and black tattoos. Below the eyes are a bearded man with long hair, a young woman with facepaint and an intricate hat, three spaceships, a short and cylindrical robot besides a humanoid one, a boy wearing gray clothes, a young man wearing a brown robe holding a laser sword, and an alien creature with long ears. At the bottom of the image is the title "Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace" and the credits.

values:
/wiki/Lucasfilm_Ltd.
mw-redirect
Lucasfilm Ltd.

values:
/wiki/Force_(Star_Wars)
mw-redirect
Force (Star Wars)

values: List of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States

values:
plainlinks noprint asof-tag update
display:none;

values: Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones

values: Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith

values:
/wiki/Trade_Federation
mw-redirect
Trade Federation

values:
/wiki/Supreme_Chancellor_Valorum
mw-redirect
Supreme Chancellor Valorum

values:
/wiki/Nute_Gunray
mw-redirect
Nute Gunray

values:
/wiki/Astromech_droid
mw-redirect
Astromech droid

values:
/wiki/Protocol_droid
mw-redirect
Protocol droid

values:
/wiki/Shmi_Skywalker
mw-redirect
Shmi Skywalker

values:
/wiki/Galactic_Senate
mw-redirect
Galactic Senate

values:
/wiki/Jedi_Council
mw-redirect
Jedi Council

values:
/wiki/Dark_Side_(Star_Wars)
mw-redirect
Dark Side (Star Wars)

values:
/wiki/Vote_of_no_confidence
mw-redirect
Vote of no confidence

values:
/wiki/Captain_Panaka
mw-redirect
Captain Panaka

values:
/wiki/Stomp_(dance_troupe)
mw-redirect
Stomp (dance troupe)

values:
/wiki/Star_Wars_original_trilogy
mw-redirect
Star Wars original trilogy

values:
/wiki/Art_nouveau
mw-redirect
Art nouveau

values: Three men fight with laser swords in an hangar.

values: Rocky buildings and an antenna-like structure in a desert.

values:
/wiki/Nafta,_Tunisia
mw-redirect
Nafta, Tunisia

values:
/wiki/Caserta_Palace
mw-redirect
Caserta Palace

values:
/wiki/Palace_of_Caserta
mw-redirect
Palace of Caserta

values: Automatic identification and data capture

values: float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; width:27%; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #F9F9F9;

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (soundtrack)

values: Heads and shoulders shot of a man wearing black robes. He is bald and has horns on his head, his face is covered in black and red tattoos, and his eyes are yellow.

values:
/wiki/Miraculous_birth
mw-redirect
Miraculous birth

values:
/wiki/Japanese_film
mw-redirect
Japanese film

values:
/wiki/Universal_Studios
mw-redirect
Universal Studios

values: Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation

values:
/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania
mw-redirect
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

values:
/wiki/Teaser_trailer
mw-redirect
Teaser trailer

values: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (novel)

values:
/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc
mw-redirect
Blu-ray Disc

values:
/wiki/Prequel_trilogy
mw-redirect
Prequel trilogy

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (novel)

values:
/wiki/Jamaican_Creole
mw-redirect
Jamaican Creole

values:
/wiki/Academy_Award
mw-redirect
Academy Award

values:
/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound
mw-redirect
Academy Award for Best Sound

values:
/wiki/Saturn_Award_for_Best_Costume
mw-redirect
Saturn Award for Best Costume

values:
/wiki/MTV_Movie_Award
mw-redirect
MTV Movie Award

values: BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects

values:
/wiki/Golden_Raspberry_Award
mw-redirect
Golden Raspberry Award

values: Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Picture

values: Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Director

values: Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screenplay

values: Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor

values: Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress

values: Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Couple

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values:
/wiki/Portal:Science_fiction
mw-redirect
Portal:Science fiction

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: List of films featuring extraterrestrials

values: List of Star Wars films and television series

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.allmusic.com/album/w102733

values:
/wiki/Sony_Classical
mw-redirect
Sony Classical

values:
/wiki/Time_Magazine
mw-redirect
Time Magazine

values:
/wiki/Salon_(magazine)
mw-redirect
Salon (magazine)

values:
/wiki/Exame_(magazine)
mw-redirect
Exame (magazine)

values:
nofollow
external text
https://m.cinemascore.com

values:
nofollow
http://www.salon.com/1999/06/08/jarjar/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.empireonline.com/500/10.asp

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.saturnawards.org/past.html

values: British Academy of Film and Television Arts

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: q:Special:Search/Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace

values: File:En-Star Wars Episode I The Phantom Menace.ogg

values: position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 100px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;

values: left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;

values:
mwPlayerContainer k-player videoHolder
width: 200px; position: relative;

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
float: left; margin-left: 5px;
floatnone

values: font-size: xx-small; line-height: 1.6em; margin-left: 60px;

values:
nofollow
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0120915/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.allmovie.com/movie/v179455

values: Template:Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace

values: Template talk:Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace

values: Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (soundtrack)

values: Star Wars Episode I: Obi-Wan's Adventures

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)

values: List of Star Wars: The Clone Wars cast members

values: List of Star Wars: The Clone Wars episodes

values: Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic (series)

values: Star Wars: The Force Unleashed (project)

values: List of Star Wars air, aquatic, and ground vehicles

values: List of changes in Star Wars re-releases

values: List of Star Wars theme parks attractions

values: Star Wars: Where Science Meets Imagination

values: Lego Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures

values: Laugh It Up, Fuzzball: The Family Guy Trilogy

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Anyone Lived in a Pretty How Town (film)

values: Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/178747903

values:
nofollow
external text
http://d-nb.info/gnd/4557348-7

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.idref.fr/089626397

values: Category:Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace

values: Category:American science fiction action films

values: Category:American science fiction war films

values: Category:Films using computer-generated imagery

values: Category:Science fiction adventure films

values: Category:Underwater civilizations in fiction

values: Category:Films produced by Rick McCallum

values: Category:Pages using web citations with no URL

values: Category:Pages using citations with accessdate and no URL

values: Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:Use mdy dates from October 2015

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from August 2017

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with BNF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: حرب النجوم الجزء الأول: تهديد الشبح – Arabic

values: Ulduz müharibələri. I Epizod: Fantom təhlükəsi (film, 1999) – Azerbaijani

values: Зорныя войны. Эпізод I: Уяўная пагроза – Belarusian

values: Зорныя войны. Эпізод I: Цьмяная пагроза – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Междузвездни войни: Епизод I - Невидима заплаха – Bulgarian

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Catalan

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Star Wars: Epizoda I – Skrytá hrozba – Czech

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Welsh

values: Star Wars Episode I: Den usynlige fjende – Danish

values: Star Wars: Episode I – Die dunkle Bedrohung – German

values: Star Wars: Επεισόδιο 1 - Η Αόρατη Απειλή – Greek

values: Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace – Spanish

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Esperanto

values: Star Wars I. Atala: Mamu Mehatxua – Basque

values: جنگ ستارگان اپیزود اول: تهدید شبح – Persian

values: Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace – Fiji Hindi

values: Star Wars Episode I: Hulduhóttanin – Faroese

values: Star Wars, épisode I : La Menace fantôme – French

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Irish

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Galician

values: 스타워즈 에피소드 1: 보이지 않는 위험 – Korean

values: Աստղային պատերազմներ։ Էպիզոդ I։ Թաքնված սպառնալիք – Armenian

values: स्टार वॉर्स एपिसोड I: द फैंटम मेनेस – Hindi

values: Zvjezdani ratovi I: Fantomska prijetnja – Croatian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Indonesian

values: Star Wars Episode I: Le Menacia Phantasma – Interlingua

values: Stjörnustríð: Fyrsti hluti – Ógnvaldurinn – Icelandic

values: Star Wars: Episodio I - La minaccia fantasma – Italian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: מלחמת הכוכבים - פרק 1: אימת הפנטום – Hebrew

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Javanese

values: ვარსკვლავური ომები, ეპიზოდი I: ფარული საფრთხე – Georgian

values: Жұлдызды соғыстар: Эпизод I - Жасырынған қауіп – Kazakh

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Latin

values: Zvaigžņu kari: Ļaunumu vēstošā ilūzija – Latvian

values: Žvaigždžių karai: epizodas I – pavojaus šešėlis – Lithuanian

values: Csillagok háborúja I: Baljós árnyak – Hungarian

values: Војна на ѕвездите Епизода 1: Фантомската закана – Macedonian

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Malay

values: Star Wars: Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Dutch

values: スター・ウォーズ エピソード1/ファントム・メナス – Japanese

values: Star Wars Episode I: Den skjulte trussel – Norwegian

values: Gwiezdne wojny: część I – Mroczne widmo – Polish

values: Star Wars Episódio I: A Ameaça Fantasma – Portuguese

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Războiul stelelor - Episodul I: Amenințarea fantomei – Romanian

values: Звёздные войны. Эпизод I: Скрытая угроза – Russian

values: स्टार् वॉर्स् एपिसोड १ : द फैण्टम् मेनेस् – Sanskrit

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Scots

values: Star Wars Episode I: La Minazza Fantàsima – Sicilian

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Simple English

values: Hviezdne vojny: Epizóda I – Skrytá hrozba – Slovak

values: Vojna zvezd Epizoda I: Grozeča prikazen – Slovenian

values: Звездани ратови — епизода I: Фантомска претња – Serbian

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Serbo-Croatian

values: Tähtien sota: Episodi I – Pimeä uhka – Finnish

values: Star Wars: Episod I – Det mörka hotet – Swedish

values: Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace – Tagalog

values: สตาร์ วอร์ส เอพพิโซด 1: ภัยซ่อนเร้น – Thai

values: Yıldız Savaşları: Bölüm I - Gizli Tehlike – Turkish

values: Зоряні війни: Прихована загроза – Ukrainian

values: Chiến tranh giữa các vì sao: Tập I – Hiểm họa bóng ma – Vietnamese

values: 星球大戰前傳：魅影危機 – Cantonese

values: 星際大戰首部曲：威脅潛伏 – Chinese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Star_Wars_Episode_I_–_The_Phantom_Menace rootpage-Star_Wars_Episode_I_–_The_Phantom_Menace vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view