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Crazy Heart (soundtrack)
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Crazy Heart: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by Various Artists
Released
January 19, 2010
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
48:43
Label
New West Records
Producer
T-Bone Burnett, Stephen Bruton, Jeff Bridges (executive)
Crazy Heart: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is a 2010 film soundtrack album to accompany the film Crazy Heart directed by Scott Cooper starring Jeff Bridges and Maggie Gyllenhaal.
Contents
1 Songwriters
2 Performers
3 Awards and nominations
4 Track listing
4.1 Limited Deluxe Edition
5 Chart performance
5.1 Year-end charts
6 References
Songwriters[edit]
The album was released January 19, 2010 to accompany the film. The 16-track album contains several songs written by T-Bone Burnett, Stephen Bruton, and Ryan Bingham, with some by John Goodwin, Bob Neuwirth, Sam Hopkins, Gary Nicholson, Townes Van Zandt, Sam Phillips, Greg Brown, Billy Joe Shaver, and Eddy Shaver.
Performers[edit]
The songs are performed by various artists including actors Jeff Bridges, Colin Farrell, and Robert Duvall, as well as singers Ryan Bingham (who also sings the theme song "The Weary Kind"), Buck Owens, The Louvin Brothers, Lightnin' Hopkins, Waylon Jennings, Townes Van Zandt, and Sam Phillips.
Awards and nominations[edit]
On January 17, 2010, the theme song "The Weary Kind", written by Ryan Bingham and T-Bone Burnett, was awarded the Golden Globe for Best Original Song at the 67th Golden Globe Awards. The song also won the Academy Award for Best Original Song[1] at the 82nd Academy Awards and a Grammy for Best Song Written For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media at the 53rd Grammy Awards. The soundtrack also won a Grammy for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media at the same ceremony.
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer
Length
1. "Hold On You" Stephen Bruton, T-Bone Burnett, John Goodwin, Bob Neuwirth Jeff Bridges 2:53
2. "Hello Trouble" Orville Couch, Eddie McDuff Buck Owens 1:52
3. "My Baby's Gone" Hazel Houser The Louvin Brothers 2:46
4. "Somebody Else" Bruton, Burnett Jeff Bridges 4:38
5. "I Don't Know" Bruton, Burnett Ryan Bingham 2:23
6. "Fallin' & Flyin'" Bruton, Gary Nicholson Jeff Bridges 3:02
7. "I Don't Know" Bruton, Burnett Jeff Bridges 2:15
8. "Once a Gambler" Sam Hopkins Lightnin' Hopkins 4:55
9. "Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way" Waylon Jennings Waylon Jennings 2:55
10. "Fallin' & Flyin'" Bruton, Nicholson Colin Farrell, Jeff Bridges 2:42
11. "Gone, Gone, Gone" Ryan Bingham, Burnett Colin Farrell 2:39
12. "If I Needed You" Townes Van Zandt Townes Van Zandt 3:26
13. "Reflecting Light" Sam Phillips Sam Phillips 3:21
14. "Live Forever" Billy Joe Shaver, Eddy Shaver Robert Duvall 0:50
15. "Brand New Angel" Greg Brown Jeff Bridges 3:48
16. "The Weary Kind" (Theme from Crazy Heart) Bingham, Burnett Ryan Bingham 4:18
Total length: 48:43
Limited Deluxe Edition[edit]
"Hold On You"
"Hello Trouble"
"My Baby's Gone"
"Somebody Else (Instrumental)"
Performed by Stephen Bruton
"Somebody Else"
"I Don't Know"
"Wesley's Piano"
Performed by Thomas Canning
"Fallin' & Flyin'"
"Searching (For Someone Like You)"
Performed by Kitty Wells
"I Don't Know"
"Once a Gambler"
"Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way"
"I Let the Freight Train Carry Me On"
Performed by The Delmore Brothers
"Color of the Blues"
Performed by George Jones
"Joy"
Performed by Lucinda Williams
"Fallin' & Flyin'"
"Gone, Gone, Gone"
"If I Needed You"
"Reflecting Light"
"Mal Hombre"
Performed by Lydia Mendoza
"Live Forever"
"Brand New Angel"
"The Weary Kind (Theme From Crazy Heart)"
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (2010)
Peak
position
Australian Top Country Albums 10
U.S. Billboard 200 18
U.S. Billboard Independent Albums 1
U.S. Billboard Top Country Albums 6
U.S. Billboard Top Soundtracks 2
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2010)
Position
US Billboard 200 120[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Oscar nominations announced". ew.com. 2010. Archived from the original on February 5, 2010. Retrieved February 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Best of 2010 - Billboard Top 200". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crazy_Heart_(soundtrack)&oldid=840864723"
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Charles Carroll of Carrollton
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Charles Carroll
United States Senator
from Maryland
In office
March 4, 1789 – November 30, 1792
Preceded by
Office created
Succeeded by
Richard Potts
Personal details
Born
(1737-09-19)September 19, 1737
Annapolis, Province of Maryland, British America
Died
November 14, 1832(1832-11-14) (aged 95)
Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Nationality
American
Political party
Federalist[1]
Spouse(s)
Mary Darnall
Alma mater
College of St. Omer
Lycée Louis-le-Grand
Signature
Charles Carroll (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as Charles Carroll of Carrollton or Charles Carroll III to distinguish him from his similarly named relatives,[2] was a wealthy Maryland planter and an early advocate of independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain. He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress and Confederation Congress and later as first United States Senator for Maryland. He was the only Catholic signatory of the Declaration of Independence.[3]
Born in Annapolis, Maryland, Carroll inherited vast agricultural estates and became one of the wealthiest individuals in Maryland. Though barred from holding office in Maryland due to his religion, Carroll emerged as a leader of the state's movement for independence. He was a delegate to the Annapolis Convention and was selected as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776. He was part of an unsuccessful diplomatic mission that Congress sent to Canada in hopes of winning the support of French Canadians.
Carroll served in the Maryland Senate from 1781 to 1800. He was elected as one of Maryland's inaugural representatives in the United States Senate, but resigned from the United States Senate in 1792 after Maryland passed a law barring individuals from simultaneously serving in state and federal office. After retiring from public office, he helped establish the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He was the longest-lived and last surviving signatory of the Declaration of Independence, dying 56 years after the document was signed.
Contents
[hide]
1 Ancestry
2 Early life
3 American Revolution
3.1 Voice for independence
3.2 Maryland representative
3.3 Signatory of the Declaration of Independence
3.4 Member of the U.S. Senate
4 Attitude toward slavery
5 Later life and legacy
6 Family
7 Carroll's signature
8 Carroll in fiction
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Ancestry[edit]
Coat of Arms of Charles Carroll
The Carroll family were descendants of the Ó Cearbhaill lords of Éile[4] (Lords of Ely) in King's County (now County Offaly), Ireland. Carroll's grandfather was the Irish-born Charles Carroll the Settler (1660–1720) from Litterluna; he was a descendant of Daniel O'Carroll of Aghagurty Clareen, three miles south of Kinnitty, and a clerk in the office of Lord Powis.[5] Carroll left his native Ireland (King's County) around the year 1659,[6] and emigrated to St. Mary's City, capital of the colony of Maryland, in 1689,[7] with a commission as Attorney General from the colony's Catholic proprietor, Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore.
Charles Carroll the Settler was the son of Daniel O'Carroll of Litterluna. The "O'" in Irish surnames was often dropped due to the Anglicisation policy of the occupying English, particularly during the period of the "Penal Laws".[8] Charles Carroll the Settler had a son, born in 1702 and also named Charles. To distinguish himself from his father he was known as Charles Carroll of Annapolis.[9]
Early life[edit]
Doughoregan Manor, the Carroll family seat, now a National Historic Landmark.
Carroll was born on September 19, 1737, in Annapolis, Maryland, the only child of Charles Carroll of Annapolis (1702–1782) and Elizabeth Brooke (1709–1761). He was born illegitimate, as his parents were not married at the time of his birth, for technical reasons to do with the inheritance of the Carroll family estates. They eventually married in 1757.[10]
The young Carroll was educated at a Jesuit preparatory school known as Bohemia Manor in Cecil County on Maryland's Eastern Shore.[10] At the age of eleven, he was sent to France where he continued in Jesuit schools; first at the College of St. Omer, and later the Lycée Louis-le-Grand (Louis the Great College) in Paris, graduating in 1755. He continued his studies in Europe, and read for the law in London before returning to Annapolis in 1765.[10][11]
Charles Carroll of Annapolis granted Carrollton Manor to his son, Charles Carroll of Carrollton. It is from this tract of land that he took his title, "Charles Carroll of Carrollton". Like his father, Carroll was a Roman Catholic, and as a consequence was barred by Maryland statute from entering politics, practicing law and voting.[10] This did not prevent him from becoming one of the wealthiest men in Maryland (or indeed anywhere in the Colonies),[10] owning extensive agricultural estates, most notably the large manor at Doughoregan, Hockley Forge and Mill, and providing capital to finance new enterprises on the Western Shore.[12]
American Revolution[edit]
Voice for independence[edit]
The burning of the Peggy Stewart at the Annapolis Tea Party, October 19, 1774
Carroll was not initially interested in politics[10] and in any event Catholics had been barred from holding office in Maryland since the 1704 Act seeking "to prevent the growth of Popery in this Province".[13] But, as the dispute between Great Britain and her colonies intensified in the early 1770s, Carroll became a powerful voice for independence. In 1772 he engaged in a debate conducted through anonymous newspaper letters, maintaining the right of the colonies to control their own taxation. Writing in the Maryland Gazette under the pseudonym "First Citizen," he became a prominent spokesman against the governor's proclamation increasing legal fees to state officers and Protestant clergy. Opposing Carroll in these written debates and writing as "Antillon" was Daniel Dulany the Younger, a noted lawyer and loyalist politician.[14][15] In these debates, Carroll argued that the government of Maryland had long been the monopoly of four families, the Ogles, the Taskers, the Bladens and the Dulanys, with Dulany taking the contrary view.[15] Eventually word spread of the true identity of the two combatants, and Carroll's fame and notoriety began to grow.[16] Dulany soon resorted to highly personal ad hominem attacks on "First Citizen", and Carroll responded, in statesmanlike fashion, with considerable restraint, arguing that when Antillon engaged in "virulent invective and illiberal abuse, we may fairly presume, that arguments are either wanting, or that ignorance or incapacity know not how to apply them".[16]
Following these written debates, Carroll became a leading opponent of British rule, and served on various committees of correspondence.[17] He also played an important role in the burning in Annapolis harbor of the Peggy Stewart, a ship which had been carrying tea to Maryland, and was destroyed on October 19, 1774 as part of the tea party protests against British excise duties enacted by the Parliament in the "Tea Act".[citation needed] The day of the burning is commemorated in Maryland by a state holiday and historical event commemorating the American Revolution, known as "Peggy Stewart Day" on October 19.[citation needed]
In the early 1770s Carroll appears to have embraced the idea that only violence could break the impasse with Great Britain. According to legend, Carroll and Samuel Chase (who would also later sign the Declaration of Independence on Maryland's behalf) had the following exchange:
Chase: "We have the better of our opponents; we have completely written them down."
Carroll: "And do you think that writing will settle the question between us?"
Chase: "To be sure, what else can we resort to?"
Carroll: "The bayonet. Our arguments will only raise the feelings of the people to that pitch, when open war will be looked to as the arbiter of the dispute".[18]
Maryland representative[edit]
Beginning with his election to Maryland's committee of correspondence in 1774, Carroll represented the colony in most of the pre-revolutionary groups. He became a member of Annapolis' first Committee of Safety in 1775. Carroll was a delegate to the Annapolis Convention (1774–1776), which functioned as Maryland's revolutionary government before the Declaration of Independence. In 1776, he was selected as a delegate to the Continental Congress.[11]
In early 1776, the Congress sent him on a three-man diplomatic mission to Canada, in order to seek assistance from French Canadians in the confrontation with Britain. Carroll was an excellent choice for such a mission, being fluent in French and a Roman Catholic, and therefore well suited to negotiations with the French-speaking Catholics of Quebec.[18] He was joined in the commission by Benjamin Franklin, Samuel Chase and his cousin John Carroll.[17] The commission did not accomplish its mission, primarily because of the failure of the concurrent Invasion of Canada.
Signatory of the Declaration of Independence[edit]
Carroll was elected to the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, and remained a delegate until 1778. He arrived too late to vote in favor of the Declaration of Independence, but was present to sign the official document that survives today. After both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4, 1826, Carroll became the last living signatory of the Declaration of Independence.
His signature reads "Charles Carroll of Carrollton", to distinguish him from his father "Charles Carroll of Annapolis", who was still living at that time, and several other Charles Carrolls in Maryland, such as Charles Carroll, Barrister, or his son Charles Carroll, Jr., also known as Charles Carroll of Homewood. He is usually referred to this way by historians. At the time he was one of the richest men in America. Throughout his term in the Second Continental Congress, he served on the board of war.
Member of the U.S. Senate[edit]
Carroll returned to Maryland in 1778 to assist in the formation of a state government. Carroll was re-elected to the Continental Congress in 1780, but he declined. He was elected to the Maryland State Senate in 1781 and served there continuously until 1800.
In November 1779 The Maryland House of Delegates moved to pass a bill confiscating the property of those who had sided with the Crown during the Revolution. Carroll opposed this measure, questioning the motives of those who pressed for confiscation and arguing that the measure was unjust. However, such moves to confiscate Tory property had much popular support and eventually, in 1780, the measure passed.[19]
When the United States government was created, the Maryland legislature elected him to the first United States Senate. In 1792 Maryland passed a law that prohibited any man from serving in the state and national legislatures at the same time. Since he preferred to be in the Maryland Senate, he resigned from the U. S. Senate on November 30, 1792.
Attitude toward slavery[edit]
The Carroll family were slaveholders, and Charles Carroll was himself a substantial and wealthy planter. Carroll was opposed in principle to slavery, asking rhetorically "Why keep alive the question of slavery? It is admitted by all to be a great evil".[20] However, although he supported its gradual abolition, he did not free his own slaves.[21] Carroll introduced a bill for the gradual abolition of slavery in the Maryland senate but it did not pass.[22] In 1828, aged 91, he served as president of the Auxiliary State Colonization Society of Maryland,[23] the Maryland branch of the American Colonization Society, an organization dedicated to returning black Americans to lead free lives in African states such as Liberia.
Later life and legacy[edit]
"First Stone" (cornerstone) of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad laid by Carroll on July 4, 1828, now displayed at the B&O Railroad Museum
Carroll retired from public life in 1801. After Thomas Jefferson became president, he had great anxiety about political activity, and was not sympathetic to the War of 1812. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1815.[24] Carroll came out of retirement to help create the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in 1827. In 1828 he commissioned the Phoenix Shot Tower and laid its corner stone, which was then the tallest building in the United States until the Washington Monument.[25] His last public act, on July 4, 1828, was the laying of the "first stone" (cornerstone) of the railroad.[26]
In May 1832, he was asked to appear at the first ever Democratic Party Convention but did not attend on account of poor health.[27] Carroll died on November 14, 1832, in Baltimore. His funeral took place at the Baltimore Cathedral (now known as the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary), and he is buried in his Doughoregan Manor Chapel at Ellicott City, Maryland.
Carroll funded the building of what is known today as Homewood House, a 140-acre (570,000 m²) estate in northern Baltimore, Maryland as a wedding gift to his son, Charles Jr., and Harriet Chew. Charles Jr. then oversaw the design and construction of the house, which began construction in 1801 and was mostly finished by 1808. Research shows that he incorporated suggestions from his wife. It took five years to build and cost $40,000, four times the budgeted expense. The house never fulfilled the family's expectations, as it did nothing to cure Charles Jr.'s idleness and alcoholism, factors which led to the failure of the marriage by binding separation. Homewood was donated to Johns Hopkins University in 1876 and later became its main campus. Today, Johns Hopkins operates Homewood House as a museum, and its Federal-style architecture serves as the inspiration for Hopkins campus architecture.
The home of Carroll's son-in-law Richard Caton, Brooklandwood in Baltimore County, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.[28]
Carroll is remembered in the third stanza of the state song Maryland, My Maryland.
Thou wilt not cower in the dust,
Maryland! My Maryland!
Thy beaming sword shall never rust,
Maryland! My Maryland!
Remember Carroll's sacred trust,
Remember Howard's warlike thrust,–
And all thy slumberers with the just,
Maryland! My Maryland
The bronze statue located in the United States Capitol crypt
Named in his honor are counties in Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio, and Virginia as well as two Louisiana parishes, East and West Carroll. Carroll County, Kentucky and its county seat, Carrollton, are both named for him. Also named for him are the Carroll Gardens neighborhood in Brooklyn and the Greater Carrollwood neighborhoods of Tampa; as well as the city of New Carrollton, Maryland, home to Charles Carroll Middle School, and the town of Carroll, New York. Carroll University in Waukesha, Wisconsin, is named in his honor. In addition, Charles Carroll High School in the Port Richmond neighborhood of Philadelphia is named for Charles Carroll.[29]
In 1876, the Centennial Exhibition held to commemorate the birth of the United States was held in Philadelphia. The Catholic Abstinence Union of America commissioned the Catholic Total Abstinence Union Fountain for the Centennial Exhibition which includes a statue of Charles Carroll. The fountain was commissioned and created by sculptor Herman Kim to promote American morality and the centerpiece of the fountain was a statue of Moses. The statue of Moses is the center of the fountain and there are four other statues that surround it. The other four statues, that make up the points of the Maltese Cross, are statues of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Father Matthew, the Great Apostle of temperance, Commodore John Barry, a distinguished officer of the American Revolution and father of the American Navy, and Archbishop John Carroll, the patriot priest of the American Revolution. The fountain is currently located in West Fairmount Park, Philadelphia at the intersection of Avenue of the Republic and States Drive.[30]
In 1903 the state of Maryland added a bronze statue of Charles Carroll of Carrollton to the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection. It is located in the Crypt.[17]
In 1906 the University of Notre Dame constructed what is now known as Carroll Hall, a residence hall named after Charles Carroll.[31]
Paca-Carroll House at St. John's College is named for Carroll and his fellow signer of the Declaration of Independence, William Paca.[citation needed]
Family[edit]
Arms of Carroll of Maryland
Charles Carroll of Carrollton married Mary Darnall (1749-1782), known as Molly, on June 5, 1768. She was a granddaughter of Henry Darnall. They had seven children before Molly died in 1782, but only three survived infancy:
Mary Carroll (1770-1846), who married Richard Caton (1763-1845), an Englishman who became a Baltimore merchant. From 1820 to 1832, Carroll would winter with the Catons in Baltimore. Their daughters were:
Marianne (Caton) Patterson (1788-1853), sister-in-law of Elizabeth Patterson Bonaparte, and later married the British statesman Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley (1760-1842), who was the brother of the legendary military commander Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, who was believed to have been previously Marianne's paramour.
Elizabeth Stafford-Jerningham (1790-1862), Baroness Stafford,
Louisa Hervey-Bathurst (1793-1874) then Louisa D'Arcy-Osborne, Duchess of Leeds
Emily Caton (1794/5-1867), married John McTavish (1788-1852), British Consul at Baltimore, and were parents of four children including Mary Wellesley McTavish (1826-1915), The Hon. Mrs Henry George Howard (of the Earls of Carlisle).[32]
Charles Carroll Jr. (1775-1825) (sometimes known as Charles Carroll of Homewood because he oversaw its design and construction), who married Harriet Chew (1775-1861) and lived in Philadelphia. Harriet was the daughter of Benjamin Chew, the chief justice of Pennsylvania, and her sister married John Eager Howard who had served in the Senate with Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Charles Jr. was an alcoholic who reportedly consumed up to two quarts of brandy a day. This led to erratic behavior that resulted in his separation from Harriet.
Catherine ("Kitty") Carroll (1778-1861), who married Robert Goodloe Harper (1765-1826), a lawyer and U.S. senator.
Today, Carroll's descendants continue to own Doughoregan Manor, the largest parcel of land in Howard County, Maryland, with over 1000 acres (4 km²) of valuable but historically preserved land in Ellicott City, Maryland.
Carroll's signature[edit]
In the 1940s, newspaper journalist John Hix's syndicated comic Strange as It Seems published an interesting, but apocryphal, explanation for Charles Carroll's distinctive signature on the Declaration of Independence. Every member of the Continental Congress who signed this document automatically became a criminal, guilty of sedition against King George III. Carroll, because of his wealth, had more to lose than most of his companions. Some of the signators, such as Caesar Rodney and Button Gwinnett, had unusual and distinctive names which would clearly identify them to the King; other signators, with more commonplace names, might hope to sign the Declaration without incriminating themselves.
According to Hix, when it was Carroll's turn to sign the Declaration of Independence, he rose, went to John Hancock's desk where the document rested, signed his name "Charles Carroll" and returned to his seat. At this point another member of the Continental Congress, who was prejudiced against Carroll because of his Catholicism, commented that Carroll risked nothing in signing the document, as there must be many men named Charles Carroll in the colonies, and so the King would be unlikely to order Carroll's arrest without clear proof that he was the same Charles Carroll who had signed the Declaration. Carroll immediately returned to Hancock's desk, seized the pen again, and added "of Carrollton" to his name.
In fact, Carroll had been appending "of Carrollton" to his signature for over a decade, the earliest surviving example appearing at the end of a September 15, 1765, letter to his English friend William Gibson. Carrollton Manor was the name of a tract of more than twelve thousand acres in Frederick County, Maryland, which the Carroll family leased to tenant farmers.[33]
Carroll in fiction[edit]
Charles Carroll was portrayed by actor Terrence Currier in the 2004 film National Treasure with Nicolas Cage. He is accurately described as the last living signatory of the Declaration of Independence. Although the film does not explicitly state it, it is implied that Carroll died in Washington, D.C.[34] It is inaccurately stated that Carroll was a Mason; historians of freemasonry agree that there is no evidence that he was, though his son (also named Charles Carroll) is known to have been a member.[35] A scene which did not make the final cut of the film (but appears as a deleted scene on the DVD) shows then-President Jackson rushing out of the White House to find Carroll's body in a carriage. Carroll is mentioned in the movie Gone with the Wind.
See also[edit]
United States portal
Maryland portal
Catholicism portal
Biography portal
1840s Carrollton Inn
Annapolis Convention (1774–1776)
Carrollton Manor
Maryland in the American Revolution
O'Carroll
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ellis, John Tracy (1969). American Catholicism. Chicago: University of Chicago. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-226-20556-4.
Jump up ^ "Signers of the Declaration: Biographical Sketches: Charles Carroll". National Park Service. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
Jump up ^ "Charles Carroll, of Carrollton," The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Vol. XXIV, 1899.
Jump up ^ "Ireland's History in Maps - Tuadmumu, Kingdom of Thomond". rootsweb.com. 25 October 2003.
Jump up ^ "Charles Carroll, Signer of Declaration of Independence". adherents.com.
Jump up ^ "Biography of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, page 1 - Colonial Hall". colonialhall.com.
Jump up ^ "www.charlescarrollhouse.com". charlescarrollhouse.com.
Jump up ^ Fry, Peter; Fiona Somerset Fry (1991). A History of Ireland. Routledge. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-415-04888-0.
Jump up ^ "History of Independence Hall (1859)". fairfield.edu.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f McClanahan, Brion T., p.199, The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Founding Fathers. Retrieved November 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Maier, Pauline. The Old Revolutionaries (1980), ISBN 0-394-51096-8/>
Jump up ^ Andrews, Matthew Page, History of Maryland, p. 270, Doubleday Doran & Co, New York (1929)
Jump up ^ Roark, Elisabeth Louise, p.78, Artists of colonial America Retrieved August 2012
Jump up ^ Williamson, Claude, p.247, Great Catholics, Williamson Press (March 15, 2007). Retrieved November 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Warfield, J. D., p. 215, The Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland. Retrieved November 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b McClanahan, Brion T., p.203, The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Founding Fathers. Retrieved November 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Charles Carroll". aoc.gov. Architect of the Capitol. October 10, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b McClanahan, Brion T., p.204, The Politically Incorrect Guide to the Founding Fathers. Retrieved November 2010.
Jump up ^ Andrews, Matthew Page, History of Maryland, p. 374, Doubleday Doran & Co, New York (1929)
Jump up ^ Quotes by Carroll. Retrieved November 2010.
Jump up ^ Miller, Randall M., and Wakelyn, Jon L., p.214, Catholics in the Old South: Essays on Church and Culture Mercer University Press (1983). Retrieved Jan 21 2010.
Jump up ^ Leonard, Lewis A. p.218, Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton New York, Moffat, Yard and Company, (1918). Retrieved Jan 21 2010
Jump up ^ Gurley, Ralph Randolph, Ed., p.251, The African Repository, Volume 3. Retrieved Jan. 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "MemberListC". American Antiquarian Society.
Jump up ^ "Baltimore Travel Itinerary-- Shot Tower". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2016-08-16.
Jump up ^ J.E. Hagerty. "Catholic Encyclopedia: Charles Carroll of Carrollton". Retrieved April 24, 2006.
Jump up ^ Dees Stribling. "First Democratic Pary Convention". Retrieved May 21, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Maryland Historical Trust". National Register of Historic Places: Brooklandwood. Maryland Historical Trust. 2008-10-05.
Jump up ^ Charles Carroll High School. "Who was Charles Carroll - The School District of Philadelphia". Charles Carroll High School web site. School District of Philadelphia. Archived from the original on 2012-10-09. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
Jump up ^ "Catholic Total Abstinence Fountain of the 1876 Centennial Exhibition". villanova.edu. Villanova University. Archived from the original on 23 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "History of Carroll Hall". University of Notre Dame. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Wake, Jehanne (2010). Sisters of Fortune. A Touchstone Book published by Simom & Schuster.
Jump up ^ Hoffman, Ronald, Sally D. Mason and Eleanor S. Darcy, Eds. Dear Papa, Dear Charley: Vol. I, pp. 344, n. 2, 378, and 378, n. 9. Chapel Hill, NC. The University of North Carolina Press, 2001.
Jump up ^ Christopher Plummer (playing John Adams Gates) (2004). National Treasure. Event occurs at 00:01:54.
Jump up ^ Denslow, William R.; Truman, Harry S (1957). 10,000 Famous Freemasons From A To J Part One. p. 184.
Further reading[edit]
Birzer, Bradley J. (2010). American Cicero: The Life of Charles Carroll, Intercollegiate Studies Institute.
Breidenbach, Michael D. (2013). 'Conciliarism and American Religious Liberty, 1632–1835' (Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge).
Carroll, Charles. Unpublished Letters of Charles Carroll of Carrollton and of his Father, Charles Carroll of Doughoregan, United States Catholic Historical Society, 1902.
Heaney, Paddy (2004). At the Foot of Slieve Bloom. Kilcormac Historical Society.
Hoffman, Ronald; Sally D. Mason (2000). Princes of Ireland, Planters of Maryland: A Carroll Saga, 1500–1782. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-2556-5.
Leonard, Lewis A. Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Moffat, Yard and Company, 1918.
McDermott, Scott (2002). Charles Carroll of Carrollton: Faithful Revolutionary. Scepter. ISBN 1-889334-68-5.
Rowland, Kate Mason. The Life of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, 1737–1832, Vol. 2, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1898.
Sergeant, John. Eulogy on Charles Carroll of Carrollton: Delivered at the Request of the Select and Common Councils of the City of Philadelphia, December 31st, 1832, L.R. Bailey, 1833.
Smith, Ellen Hart. Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1942.
External links[edit]
United States Congress. "Charles Carroll of Carrollton (id: C000185)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. . Retrieved November 2010.
Quotes by Charles Carroll. Retrieved November 2010.
"Charles Carroll of Carrollton and Revolutionary Religious Toleration: The Making of a Founder". Article by Matthew Wigler in the Journal of the American Revolution. Retrieved February 2017.
A Moment in Time Archives: Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Retrieved November 2010.
Homewood House Museum. Retrieved November 2010.
Research into Homewood House. Retrieved November 2010.
Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856. Retrieved November 2010.
ZENIT: How Charles Carroll Influenced U.S. Founding Fathers (Part 1) and (Part 2) (interview with Scott McDermott; McDermott mentions various facts about Carroll). Retrieved November 2010.
Catholic Encyclopedia: Charles Carroll of Carrollton
Charles Carroll at Find a Grave
Charles Carroll of Carrollton historical marker
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Def Comedy Jam
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Def Comedy Jam
Genre
Stand-up comedy
Created by
Russell Simmons
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
5
Production
Camera setup
Single camera
Running time
30 minutes
Release
Original network
HBO
Picture format
480i (4:3 SDTV)
Audio format
Stereo
Original release
July 1, 1992 (1992-07-01) – January 1, 1997 (1997-01-01)
Chronology
Followed by
All Def Comedy
Def Comedy Jam is an HBO television series produced by Russell Simmons.[1][2][3]
The series had its original run from July 1, 1992 to January 1, 1997. Simmons was inspired to make Def Comedy Jam by Jerry Lewis' movie The Nutty Professor. The show returned on HBO's fall lineup in 2006. Def Comedy Jam helped to launch the careers of several African-American stand-up comedians.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Criticism
2 Spin-offs
3 Home media releases
4 References
5 External links
Criticism[edit]
The show was criticized for excessive foul language and negative representations of African Americans.[5][6] These criticisms were brought up and discussed by some of the comedians who got their start on the show in a Netflix Original special celebrating the 25th anniversary of the show called Def Comedy Jam 25.
Spin-offs[edit]
The show produced a spinoff called Loco Slam.[7]
Home media releases[edit]
The show is currently available in DVD boxsets in the USA and the UK.[8]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Williams, Frank B. (1997-03-13). "STAGE; Totally 'Def'; Spinoff of HBO's hit comedy showcase comes to CSUN". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Has Black Comedy Been Beaten Blue? : 'Def Comedy Jam' is a hit--but with some African American comics turning to cable shows that limit the raunchiness, clean and subtle could be the wave of the future". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
Jump up ^ O'Connor, John J. (1993-07-08). "Review/Television; Onstage at the Outer Limits of the Outrageous". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
Jump up ^ Braxton, Greg (1992-08-06). "LAUGHZ N THE HOOD : Television: A showcase for unknown black comics, 'Russell Simmons' Def Comedy Jam' begins its second season Friday on HBO". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
Jump up ^ Braxton, Greg (1994-02-20). "To Critics of 'South Central': What a Joke : Television: The Fox series has been accused of perpetuating stereotypes about blacks and violence. But where are the protests over HBO's 'Def Comedy Jam'? That's no laughing matter". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
Jump up ^ O'Connor, John J. (1994-07-31). "TELEVISION VIEW;The Curse of Incessant Cursing". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
Jump up ^ Braxton, Greg (1994-02-20). "Loco Hopes to Hit Grand Slam for Latinos". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
Jump up ^ "Def Comedy Jam Classics, Vols. 1 and 2". DVD Talk. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
External links[edit]
HBO - Def Comedy Jam
Def Comedy Jam 25 on Netflix
Def Comedy Jam on IMDb
Def Comedy Jam at TV.com
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Barry (2018)
Confederate (TBA)
Esme and Roy (2018)
Gentleman Jack (TBA)
Here, Now (TBA)
Sharp Objects (TBA)
Succession (TBA)
See also
HBO Storybook Musicals
HBO Latin America original series
HBO Canada original series

This comedy television series-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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This page was last edited on 5 November 2017, at 11:54.
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