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Munchkin
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The Munchkins
Oz books character
W. W. Denslow's depiction of Munchkins, from first edition of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
First appearance
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900)
Created by
L. Frank Baum
The Munchkins are the natives of the fictional Munchkin Country in the Oz books by American author L. Frank Baum. They first appear in the classic children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900) where they welcome Dorothy Gale to their city in Oz. The Munchkins are described as the same height as Dorothy, and they only wear shades of blue clothing as blue is the Munchkins' favorite color. Blue is also the predominating color that officially represents the eastern quadrant in the Land of Oz. The Munchkins have appeared in various media which includes the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz, as well as various other films and comedy acts.
Contents
[hide]
1 Appearance
2 Origin of the term
3 In the 1939 film
3.1 Actors and actresses
3.2 Child actresses
4 Appearances
5 Notes
6 References
Appearance[edit]
The following is an excerpt from chapter two of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, titled "The Council with the Munchkins", in which Dorothy first meets three Munchkins and the Good Witch of the North:
she noticed coming down toward her a group of the queerest people she had ever seen. They were not as big as the grown folk she had always been used to; but neither were they very small. In fact, they seemed about as tall as Dorothy, who was a well-grown child for her age, although they were, so far as looks go, many years older.
Baum apparently did not mean that only Munchkins are short in stature (as depicted in the iconic 1939 film), but that this is the norm for all of the adult humans of Oz. In a scene later in the book, the Guardian of the Gates, the first inhabitant of the Emerald City met by Dorothy and apparently representative of its citizens, is "a little man about the same size as the Munchkins." Still later, the Quadlings of the southern land are described as "short and fat."
In W. W. Denslow's illustrations for The Wonderful Wizard (approved by Baum), the only Oz humans depicted as remarkably taller than Dorothy are the Soldier with the Green Whiskers and Glinda.
Baum rarely refers to Ozites as small of stature in the Oz books that follow. (One notable exception is the Munchkin wrestler that Zeb challenges in Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz).
Notable Munchkins named in the Oz books include Boq, Fyter, Jinjur, Nimmie Amee, Ojo the Lucky, and Unc Nunkie.
Origin of the term[edit]
Baum never explained where the term came from, but Baum researcher Brian Attebery has hypothesized that there might be a connection to the Münchner Kindl, the emblem of the Bavarian city of Munich (spelled München in German). The symbol was originally a 13th-century statue of a monk, looking down from the town hall in Munich. Over the years, the image was reproduced many times, for instance as a figure on beer steins, and eventually evolved into a child wearing a pointed hood. Baum's family had German origins, suggesting that Baum could have seen one such reproduction in his childhood.
It is also possible that "Munchkin" came from the German word "Männchen", which means "mannikin" or "little figure". In 1900, Baum published a book about window displays in which he stressed the importance of mannequins in attracting customers.[1]
It is also possible that the term came from the Romanian word for laborer, "muncitor", replacing the Romanian suffix of agency, "-itor", with the English suffix of (kind, sort, and) class identification, "-kin". "Munci" is the Romanian verb "to labor" and is pronounced /MOOHN-ch/.[citation needed]
In the 1939 film[edit]
From left: Jerry Maren (Lollipop Guild), Karl Slover, Clarence Swensen and Margaret Pellegrini (1998)
In the classic 1939 movie musical The Wizard of Oz, loosely based on Baum's novel, the Munchkins are mostly portrayed by adult actors with dwarfism (with a very few average-sized child actors, used mostly in the background). Unlike the book, their country is called Munchkinland and they wear garments of many colors instead of all-blue attire.
On November 20, 2007, the Munchkins were given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Seven of the surviving Munchkin actors from the film were present. As a result of the popularity of the 1939 film, the word "munchkin" has entered the English language as a reference to small children, persons with dwarfism, or anything of diminutive stature.
Actors and actresses[edit]
The following is a list of actors who portrayed the Munchkins in the 1939 film. Most of the dwarfs hired were acquired for MGM by Leo Singer, the proprietor of Singer's Midgets.[2] A Daily Variety news story from August 17, 1938 stated that 124 munchkins had been signed on to play the munchkins, however modern sources place the number either at 122 or 124. An additional dozen or so child actresses of average size were hired to make up for the shortage of little people that the studio found to appear in the film.[3] At least one munchkin actor named Dale Paullin (stage name: "Paul Dale") did not make the final cut for the movie.[4]
In 1989, author Stephen Cox researched, found, and wrote about the surviving Munchkin actors fifty years after they made the film. He wrote about them in his book, The Munchkins Remember (1989, E.P. Dutton) which was later revised as The Munchkins of Oz (Cumberland House), and his book remained in print for nearly two decades. When he wrote the book, 33 of the actors with dwarfism who appeared in the film were still alive and were interviewed. Today, Jerry Maren, who played the green "lollipop guild" member, is the last living Munchkin actor.
Note: Social security information was hard to come by prior to the mid twentieth century. As a result, things such as birth or death years may be incomplete due to lack of records.

Actor
Born
Died
Part(s) played
Source
Gladys W. Allison Unknown Unknown Played a villager [5]
John Ballas 1903 Unknown Played a villager [6][7]
Franz Balluck 1913 1987 Played a villager [5][8]
Josefine Balluck 1908 1984 Played a villager [9][10][11]
John T. Bambury 1891 1960 Played a soldier [12][13]
Charlie Becker 1887 1968 Played "The Mayor of Munchkinland" [12][14]
Freda Betsky Unknown Unknown Played a villager [5]
Henry Boers 1896 Unknown Played a villager [15]
Theodore Boers 1894 1945 Played a villager [15][16]
Christie Buresh 1907 1979 Played a villager [17]
Eddie Buresh 1909 1982 Played a villager [17]
Lida Buresh 1906 1970 Played a villager [6][17]
Mickey Carroll 1919 2009 Played a fiddler, a town crier, and a soldier [18]
Casper "Colonel" Balsam UnknownA UnknownA Played a villager [6]
Nona A. Cooper 1875 1953 Played a villager [5][19]
Thomas J. Cottonaro 1914 2001 Played the Bearded Man [5][20]
Elizabeth Coulter Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Lewis Croft 1919 2008 Played a soldier [21]
Frank Cucksey 1919 1984 Played the villager that gives Dorothy the flowers [22][23]
Billy Curtis 1909 1988 Played the BraggartB [24]
Eugene S. David, Jr. Unknown Unknown Played a fiddler [25]
Eulie H. David Unknown Unknown Played a soldier [25]
Ethel W. Denis 1894 1968 Played a villager [6][26][27]
Prince Denis 1892 1984 Played the Sergeant-at-ArmsC [26]
Hazel I. Derthick 1906 1989 Played a villager [28]
Daisy Earles 1907 1980 Played a "munchkin maiden" [29]
Gracie Doll Earles 1899 1970 Played a "munchkin maiden" [29]
Harry Doll Earles 1902 1985 Blue member of The Lollipop Guild [29][30]
Tiny Doll Earles 1914 2004 Played a "munchkin maiden" [29]
Major Doyle ("James D. Doyle") Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Ruth Robinson Duccini 1918 2014 Played a villager [31]
Carl M. Erickson 1917 1958 Played the 2nd Trumpeter [6][32]
Fern Formica 1925 1995 Played a villager and a "sleepyhead" [33][34]
Addie Eva Frank Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Thaisa L. Gardner 1909 1968 Played a villager [6]
Jakob "Jackie" Gerlich 1917 1960 Red member of The Lollipop Guild [35][36]
William A. Giblin 1916 1985 Played a soldier [37]
Jack S. Glicken 1900 1950 Played a city father [38][39]
Carolyn E. Granger 1915 1973 Played a villager [6][40]
Donna Jean J. Stewart Hardaway 1933 2008 Played a villagerD [41]
Joseph Herbst UnknownE 1989 Played a soldier [6][42]
Jakob Hofbauer 1898 UnknownF Played a soldier [35][39]
Clarence C. Howerton ("Major Mite") 1913 1975 Played the 3rd Trumpeter [43][44]
Helen M. Hoy 1898 1945 Played a villager [6][45]
Marguerite A. Hoy Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
James R. Hulse, IV 1915 1964 Played a villager [6][35][46]
Robert Kanter Unknown Unknown Played a soldier [5]
Charles E. Kelley Unknown Unknown Played a soldier [5]
Jessie E. Kelley ("Jessie Becker") 1907 1968 Played a villager [6][47]
Frank Kikel Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Bernard Klima ("Harry") 1897 1957 Played a villager [22][48]
Mitzi Koestner Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Emma Koestner Unknown Unknown Played a villager [3][6]
Willi Koestner Unknown Unknown Played a soldier [6][49]
Adam Edwin Kozicki ("Eddie Adams") Unknown Unknown Played a fiddler [6]
Joseph J. Koziel Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6][50]
Dolly F. Kramer 1904 1995 Played a villager [6][15]
Emil Kranzler 1910 1993 Played a villager [6][51]
Nita Krebs 1905 1991 Member of The Lullaby League and a villager [22][52]
Jeane LaBarbera ("Little Jean") 1909 1993 Played a villager [53]
Hilda Lange Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
John Leal ("Johnny") 1905 1996 Played a villager [6][54]
Ann Rice Leslie 1900 1973 Played a villager [6][55]
Charles Ludwig 1889 1941 Played a villager [6][56][57]
Dominick Magro 1909 1959 Played a villager [58][59]
Carlos Manzo 1914 1955 Played a villager [6][60]
Howard Marco Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Jerry Maren 1920 Living Green member of The Lollipop Guild [61]
Bela Matina ("Mike Rogers") 1901 1954 Played a villager [5][62][63]
Lajos Matina ("Leo") 1901 Unknown Played a villager [5][64]
Matyus Matina ("Ike Rogers") 1901 Unknown Played a villager [5][64][62]
Patsy May 1934 2013 Played a villagerD [65]
Walter M. B. Miller 1906 1987 Played a soldier and a flying monkey [6][35]
George Ministeri 1913 1986 Played the coachman and a villager [6][35]
Harry Monty 1904 1999 Played a villager and a flying monkey [66]
Yvonne Bistany Moray 1917 Unknown Member of The Lullaby League and a villager [5][35][67]
Johnny Maroldo ("Johnny Winters") 1905 1985 Played The Commander of the Navy [39][68][69]
Marie Bernadet Maroldo ("Marie Winters") 1901 1979G Played a villager [68][70]
Olga C. Nardone 1921 2010 Member of The Lullaby League, a sleepyhead, and a villager [71]
Nels P. Nelson 1918 1994 Played a villager [6][72]
Margaret C. Nickloy 1902 1961 Played a villager [3][73]
Franklin H. O'Baugh 1922 1963 Played a soldier [74][75]
William H. O'Docharty 1920 1988 The coach footman and villager [6][35][76]
Hildred C. Olson Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Frank Packard Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Nicholas Page ("Nicky") 1904 1978 Played a soldier and a city father [3][6][35]
Leona Megest Parks ("Duchess") 1897 Unknown Played a villager [15]
Margaret Williams Pellegrini 1923 2013 Played a "sleepyhead" and the "flower pot munchkin" [33][77]
Johnny Pizo Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Leon Polinsky ("Prince Leon") Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Meinhardt Raabe 1915 2010 Played the coroner [78]
Margaret Raia 1928 2003 Played a villager [79]
Matthew Raia Unknown Unknown Played a city father [39][79]
Friedrich Retter ("Freddie") 1899 Unknown Played a fiddler and villager [6][80]
Billy Rhodes ("Little Billy") 1895 1967 Played the barrister [39][81]
Gertrude H. Rice Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Hazel Rice Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Sandor Roka Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Charles F. Wojnarski Royal 1900 1947 Played a soldier [6][82]
Helen J. Wojnarski Royal 1897 1958 Played a villager [6][82]
Stella A. Wojnarski Royal 1903 1959 Played a villager [82]
Albert Ruddinger Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Elsie R. Schultz 1892 1987 Played a villager [6][35]
Charles Silvern 1902 1976 Played a villager [6][83]
Garland Slatton ("Earl") 1917 1995 Played a soldier [15][84]
Karl Slover 1918 2011 Played the lead trumpeter, a soldier, a "sleepyhead", and a villager [85][86]
Ruth E. Smith Unknown 1985 Played a villager [4][6]
Elmer Spangler 1910 Unknown Played a villager [6][87]
Pernell St. Aubin 1922 1987 Played a soldier [22][88]
Carl Stephan Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Alta M. Stevens 1913 1989 Played a villager [6][35]
George Suchsie Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Charlotte V. Sullivan Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Clarence Swensen 1917 2009 Played a soldier [89]
Betty Tanner 1916 1994 Played a villager [35][90]
Arnold Vierling 1919 1949 Played a villager [6][35][91]
Gus Wayne 1920 1998 Played a soldier [92]
Victor Wetter Unknown Unknown The Captain of the Army [3][6]
Grace G. Williams Unknown Unknown Played a villager [6]
Harvey B. Williams Unknown Unknown Played a soldier [6]
Gladys V. Wolff 1911 1984 Played a villager [35][6]
Murray Wood 1908 1999 Played a city father [6][93]
Child actresses[edit]
A dozen or so children of average height were hired so they could be used for background fill. Of these child actresses, five are known to still be living.[94][95]
Actor
Born
Died
Part(s) played
Source
Betty Ann Cain Bruno 1931 Living Child actress [94][96][97]
Priscilla Ann Montgomery Clark 1929 Living Child actress [96][97][98]
Joan Kenmore 1931 Living Child actress [94][96][97][95]
Eva Lee Kuney 1934 2015 Child actress [5][99]
Rae-Nell Laskey 1930 1991 Child actress [100]
Elaine Mirk Unknown Living Child actress [95]
Valerie Lee Shepard Unknown Unknown Child actress [3][95]
Ardith Dondanville Todd 1930 Living Child actress [94][96][97]
Shirley Ann Kennedy Vegors 1932 2005 Child actress [101]
Viola White Banks 1931 2000 Child actress [3][35]
Appearances[edit]
The Munchkins (specifically the "Lollipop Guild") as depicted in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. L-R: Jackie Gerlich, Jerry Maren and Harry Doll
The Munchkins appeared in The Wizard of Oz. When Dorothy and Toto first arrived in the Land of Oz after her house landed on the Wicked Witch of the East, the Munchkins have been hiding until Glinda the Good Witch arrived and had the Munchkins come out of their hiding place. During the musical number, Dorothy told them how she arrived in the Land of Oz and the Munchkins celebrate. The Mayor of Munchkinland and his assistant had to make sure that the Wicked Witch of the East is dead before the celebration continued. The coroner tells the Mayor of Munchkinland that the Wicked Witch of the East is not merely dead and that she is most sincerely dead while showing the Certificate of Death. The Munchkins then celebrate further as Dorothy receives gifts from the Lullaby League and the Lollipop Guild. Near the end of the song, the Wicked Witch of the West arrived causing the Munchkins to hit the deck. After the Wicked Witch of the West left, Glinda had Dorothy follow the Yellow Brick Road to the Emerald City as the Munchkins guide her out of Munchkinland.
The Munchkins appeared in The Wiz and were played by children and teenagers.
In The Muppets' Wizard of Oz, the Munchkins were played by Rizzo the Rat (who portrayed the Mayor of Munchkinland) and his fellow rats.
The Munchkins appeared in Dorothy and the Witches of Oz. They were brought to Earth by Glinda in order to combat the forces of the Wicked Witch of the West.
The Munchkins appear in Oz the Great and Powerful. They alongside the Quadlings and the Tinkers as inhabitants of Glinda's protectorate. Although the film is not otherwise a musical, the Munchkins sing and dance much as they do in the 1939 film.
The Munchkins appear in the television series Once Upon a Time.
The Munchkins appear in more than one skit on Mad TV where the 1939 film is parodied.
Notes[edit]
A.^ Find A Grave has Casper's lifespan as 1904–1968 but the page is at a bare minimum with no reliable secondary source(s) to back up this info.
B.^ The "Braggart" can be heard saying: "and ohhhh what happened then was rich".
C.^ It was falsely reported in 1984 that Prince played the role of the Munchkin Mayor.[35]
D.^ Donna Jean Johnson Stewart-Hardaway and Patsy May were either billed as Munchkins or were child actresses.
E.^ There was a person named "Joseph Herbst" who was born in 1908 but he has a recorded death in 1993. While the residence (Joliet, IL) matches up with the munchkin actor, there is no conclusive link.[102]
F.^ According to Stephen Cox it is unknown what became of Jakob Hofbauer, he is rumored to have died in the late 1950s.[35]
G.^ Marie's death could have been in 1974.
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Margaret Pellegrini dies at 89; actress played Munchkin in 'Oz'". Archived from the original on December 29, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fox, Margalit (April 9, 2010). "Meinhardt Raabe, Famous Munchkin, Is Dead at 94". New York Times. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Michelle Miller (August 30, 2003). "'Oz' film actor never measured stature in inches". St. Petersburg Times. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Travel Ban Lifted for German Midget". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 13, 1942. p. 17. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billy Rhodes". Find A Grave. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Wojnarski family midgets". www.phreeque.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2014. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hello Again" (PDF). www.otrr.org. May 1979. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 22, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Garland "Earl" Slatten". Find A Grave. Retrieved July 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Munchkins Get Star on Hollywood Walk of Fame". Fox News. November 21, 2007. Archived from the original on January 10, 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Karl Slover dies at 93; among the last of the Munchkins". Los Angeles Times. November 17, 2011. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Elmer Spangler professes". Detroit Free Press. August 22, 1933. p. 1. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Midget Club". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Banta, Bob (February 26, 2009). "Former Munchkin dies at 91". Austin-American Statesman. Archived from the original on February 3, 2014. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "8 Munchkins Find There Is No Place Like Kansas". Orlando Sentinel. May 10, 1992. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Arnold J "Sonny" Vierling". Find A Grave. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Midget actor appeared in 'Wizard of Oz'". Variety. March 2, 1998. Archived from the original on April 21, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Harris M. Lentz III. Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 1999. McFarland. p. 239. Retrieved July 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Debbie L. Sklar (November 17, 2011). "Local 'Wizard of Oz' Child Actress Remembers Munchkin, Karl Slover, 93, Who Died Tuesday". patch.com. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Debbie L. Sklar (May 11, 2011). "Life Beyond the Yellow Brick Road". patch.com. Retrieved February 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Child actors recall joining Munchkin ranks in 'Oz'". Archived from the original on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 22 January 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Meet Joan Kenmore who once danced on the yellow brick road". www.allvoices.com. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
Jump up ^ "'The Wizard of Oz' 3D Screening in LA". Retrieved 22 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Eva Feldman". Las Vegas Review Journal. Retrieved March 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ David J. Hogan (June 1, 2014). The Wizard of Oz FAQ: All That's Left to Know About Life, According to Oz. Applause Theatre & Cinema Books. ISBN 9781480397194.
Jump up ^ "Shirley Ann Kennedy Vegors Obituary". www.legacy.com. Retrieved 2014-11-26.
Jump up ^ "Joseph L. Herbst". Find A Grave. Retrieved July 5, 2017.
[show]
v
t
e
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Canonical books
L. Frank Baum
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900)
The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904)
Ozma of Oz (1907)
Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz (1908)
The Road to Oz (1909)
The Emerald City of Oz (1910)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1913)
Tik-Tok of Oz (1914)
The Scarecrow of Oz (1915)
Rinkitink in Oz (1916)
The Lost Princess of Oz (1917)
The Tin Woodman of Oz (1918)
The Magic of Oz (1919)
Glinda of Oz (1920)
Ruth Plumly
Thompson
The Royal Book of Oz (1921)
Kabumpo in Oz (1922)
The Cowardly Lion of Oz (1923)
Grampa in Oz (1924)
The Lost King of Oz (1925)
The Hungry Tiger of Oz (1926)
The Gnome King of Oz (1927)
The Giant Horse of Oz (1928)
Jack Pumpkinhead of Oz (1929)
The Yellow Knight of Oz (1930)
Pirates in Oz (1931)
The Purple Prince of Oz (1932)
Ojo in Oz (1933)
Speedy in Oz (1934)
The Wishing Horse of Oz (1935)
Captain Salt in Oz (1936)
Handy Mandy in Oz (1937)
The Silver Princess in Oz (1938)
Ozoplaning with the Wizard of Oz (1939)
Others
The Wonder City of Oz (1940)
The Scalawagons of Oz (1941)
Lucky Bucky in Oz (1942)
The Magical Mimics in Oz (1946)
The Shaggy Man of Oz (1949)
The Hidden Valley of Oz (1951)
Merry Go Round in Oz (1963)
Yankee in Oz (1972)
The Enchanted Island of Oz (1976)
The Forbidden Fountain of Oz (1980)
The Ozmapolitan of Oz (1986)
The Wicked Witch of Oz (1993)
The Giant Garden of Oz (1993)
The Runaway in Oz (1995)
The Rundelstone of Oz (2000)
The Emerald Wand of Oz (2005)
Trouble Under Oz (2006)
Alternate
Dorothy of Oz (1989)
Locations
and elements
Land of Oz
Emerald City
Munchkin Country
Gillikin Country
Winkie Country
Quadling Country
Yellow brick road
Oogaboo
Deadly Desert
Nonestica
Forest of Burzee
Land of Ev
Merryland
Mo
Ix
Nome Kingdom
Noland
Ruby slippers
Silver Shoes
Apocrypha
The Oz Film Manufacturing Company
Characters
Dorothy Gale
Toto
Princess Ozma
The Wizard of Oz
Scarecrow
Tin Woodman
Cowardly Lion
Jack Pumpkinhead
Tik-Tok
Sawhorse
Trot
Hungry Tiger
Good Witch of the North
Glinda, the Good Witch of the South
Wicked Witch of the West
Wicked Witch of the East
Aunt Em
Uncle Henry
Betsy Bobbin
Billina
Boq
Button-Bright
Cap'n Bill
Eureka
Herby
Jellia Jamb
Jenny Jump
Jinjur
Jinnicky the Red Jinn
John Dough
Kabumpo
Mombi
Munchkins
Nome King
Ojo the Lucky
Pastoria
Patchwork Girl
Peter Brown
Pigasus
Polychrome
Queen Lurline
Shaggy Man
Soldier with the Green Whiskers
Winged monkeys
Woggle-Bug
Other writers
Authors
John R. Neill
Jack Snow
Rachel Cosgrove Payes
Eloise Jarvis McGraw
Dick Martin
Alexander Volkov
Gregory Maguire
Sherwood Smith
Roger S. Baum
Illustrators
William Wallace Denslow
Frank Kramer
Dirk Gringhuis
Dick Martin
Eric Shanower
William Stout
[show]
Adaptations and other derivative works
Films
The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays (1908)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1910)
Dorothy and the Scarecrow in Oz (1910)
The Land of Oz (1910)
John Dough and the Cherub (1910)
The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1914)
The Magic Cloak of Oz (1914)
His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz (1914)
The Wizard of Oz (1925)
The Wizard of Oz (1933)
The Wizard of Oz (1939)
Return to Oz (1964)
The Wonderful Land of Oz (1969)
Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde (1971)
Journey Back to Oz (1974)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1975)
The Wiz (1978)
The Wizard of Oz (1982)
Return to Oz (1985)
Dorothy Meets Ozma of Oz (1987)
The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story (1990)
Lion of Oz (2000)
The Muppets' Wizard of Oz (2005)
Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz (2011)
Dorothy and the Witches of Oz (2011)
After the Wizard (2011)
Oz the Great and Powerful (2013)
Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return (2014)
Ozland (2014)
Guardians of Oz (2015)
Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz (2016)
Stage
The Wizard of Oz (1902)
The Woggle-Bug (1905)
The Tik-Tok Man of Oz (1913)
The Wizard of Oz (1942)
The Wiz (1974)
The Marvelous Land of Oz (1981)
The Wizard of Oz (1987)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2000)
The Wizard of Oz (2011)
The Woodsman (2012)
Television
Tales of the Wizard of Oz (1961)
Off to See the Wizard (1967)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1986)
The Wizard of Oz (1990)
The Oz Kids (1996)
Lost in Oz (2002)
Once Upon a Time (since 2011)
The Wiz Live! (2015)
Lost In Oz (2015)
Emerald City (2017)
Dorothy and the Wizard of Oz (2017)
Comics
Queer Visitors from the Marvelous Land of Oz (1904–05)
Adventures in Oz (1986–92)
The Enchanted Apples of Oz (1986)
Oz Squad (1991)
Lost Girls (1991–92)
Oz (1994)
Dorothy of Oz (2006)
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (2009)
Video
games
The Wizard of Oz (1993)
The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road (2008)
Emerald City Confidential (2009)
Parodies
The Wozard of Iz
Os Trapalhões e o Mágico de Oróz
The Wonderful Wizard of Ha's
Wizard of Odd
Reimagining
The Wizard of Mars (1965)
Hunter (1973)
Zardoz (1974)
Oz (1976)
The Number of the Beast (1980)
A Barnstormer in Oz (1982)
The Wizard of A.I.D.S. (1987)
The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz (1990)
Twister (1994)
The Dark Tower IV: Wizard and Glass (1997)
Tin Man (2007)
Dorothy Must Die (2014)
The Wicked Will Rise (2015)
The Wicked
Years
Wicked
Son of a Witch
A Lion Among Men
Out of Oz
Wicked (musical)
Characters
Others
Rainbow Road to Oz
MÄR
The Wizard of Oz (pinball)
The Wizard of Oz (arcade game)
Related
The International Wizard of Oz Club
The Baum Bugle
Category
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Munchkin&oldid=814886580"
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text:
2018 FIFA World Cup Group G
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Group G of the 2018 FIFA World Cup will take place from 18 to 28 June 2018.[1] The group consists of Belgium, Panama, Tunisia, and England. The top two teams will advance to the round of 16.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Teams
2 Standings
3 Matches
3.1 Belgium vs Panama
3.2 Tunisia vs England
3.3 Belgium vs Tunisia
3.4 England vs Panama
3.5 England vs Belgium
3.6 Panama vs Tunisia
4 References
5 External links
Teams[edit]
Draw position
Team
Pot
Confederation
Method of
qualification
Date of
qualification
Finals
appearance
Last
appearance
Previous best
performance
FIFA Rankings
October 2017[nb 1]
June 2018
G1 Belgium 1 UEFA UEFA Group H winners 3 September 2017 13th 2014 Fourth place (1986) 5
G2 Panama 4 CONCACAF CONCACAF Fifth Round third place 10 October 2017 1st – – 49
G3 Tunisia 3 CAF CAF Third Round Group A winners 11 November 2017 5th 2006 Group stage (1978, 1998, 2002, 2006) 28
G4 England 2 UEFA UEFA Group F winners 5 October 2017 15th 2014 Winners (1966) 12
Notes
Jump up ^ The rankings of October 2017 were used for seeding for the final draw.
Standings[edit]
Pos
Team
[
v
t
e
]
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA
GD
Pts
Qualification
1
Belgium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Advance to knockout stage
2
Panama 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3
Tunisia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4
England 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
First match(es) will be played on 18 June 2018. Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Group stage tiebreakers
In the round of 16:
The winners of Group G will advance to play the runners-up of Group H.
The runners-up of Group G will advance to play the winners of Group H.
Matches[edit]
All times listed are local time.[1]
Belgium vs Panama[edit]
18 June 2018 (2018-06-18)18:00 MSK (UTC+3)
Belgium
Match 13
Panama
Report
Fisht Olympic Stadium, Sochi
Tunisia vs England[edit]
18 June 2018 (2018-06-18)21:00 MSK (UTC+3)
Tunisia
Match 14
England
Report
Volgograd Arena, Volgograd
Belgium vs Tunisia[edit]
23 June 2018 (2018-06-23)15:00 MSK (UTC+3)
Belgium
Match 29
Tunisia
Report
Otkritie Arena, Moscow
England vs Panama[edit]
24 June 2018 (2018-06-24)15:00 MSK (UTC+3)
England
Match 30
Panama
Report
Nizhny Novgorod Stadium, Nizhny Novgorod
England vs Belgium[edit]
28 June 2018 (2018-06-28)20:00 KALT (UTC+2)
England
Match 45
Belgium
Report
Kaliningrad Stadium, Kaliningrad
Panama vs Tunisia[edit]
28 June 2018 (2018-06-28)21:00 MSK (UTC+3)
Panama
Match 46
Tunisia
Report
Mordovia Arena, Saransk
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "FIFA World Cup Russia 2018 – Match Schedule" (PDF). FIFA.com. 20 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Regulations – 2018 FIFA World Cup Russia" (PDF). FIFA.com.
External links[edit]
2018 FIFA World Cup Group G, FIFA.com
[hide]
v
t
e
2018 FIFA World Cup
Stages
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Group G
Group H
Knockout stage
Final
General information
Qualification
Awards
Bids
Broadcasting rights
Controversies
Discipline
Marketing
Mascot
Officials
Opening ceremony
Preparations
Seeding
Squads
Statistics
Venues
Official symbols
Adidas Telstar 18 (ball)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Group_G&oldid=831053827"
Categories:
2018 FIFA World Cup
Belgium at the 2018 FIFA World Cup
Panama at the 2018 FIFA World Cup
Tunisia at the 2018 FIFA World Cup
England at the 2018 FIFA World Cup
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Hit the Road Jack
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the single by Ray Charles. For the album by Big Youth, see Hit the Road Jack (album). For the television series, see Hit the Road Jack (TV series).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Hit the Road Jack"
Single by Ray Charles
from the album Ray Charles Greatest Hits
B-side
"The Danger Zone"
Released
1961
Format
7" single, 45rpm
Genre
R&B, jazz
Length
1:57
Label
ABC-Paramount
Songwriter(s)
Percy Mayfield
Ray Charles singles chronology
"Ruby"
(1960) "Hit the Road Jack"
(1961) "I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town"
(1961)
"Ruby"
(1960) "Hit the Road Jack"
(1961) "I'm Gonna Move to the Outskirts of Town"
(1961)
"Hit the Road Jack" is a song written by the rhythm and blues artist Percy Mayfield and first recorded in 1960 as an a cappella demo sent to Art Rupe. It became famous after it was recorded by the singer-songwriter-pianist Ray Charles with The Raelettes vocalist Margie Hendrix.
Charles's recording hit number one for two weeks on the Billboard Hot 100, beginning on Monday, October 9, 1961. "Hit the Road Jack" won a Grammy award for Best Rhythm and Blues Recording. The song was number one on the R&B Sides chart for five weeks, thereby becoming Charles's sixth number-one on that chart. The song is ranked number 387 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time".
Contents
[hide]
1 Cover versions
1.1 The Stampeders
1.2 Other versions
2 References in popular culture and usage in media
3 Charts
4 References
5 External links
Cover versions[edit]
The Stampeders[edit]
In 1976, Canadian band The Stampeders released a version of the song featuring DJ Wolfman Jack. The song was a hit, reaching number 6 in Canada and the top 40 in the US.[1]
Other versions[edit]
Rough Copy sang "Hit the Road Jack" on the fifth live show of the tenth series of The X Factor.
In 2013, Pentatonix sang "Hit the Road Jack" on PTX, Vol. II and PTX, Vols. 1 & 2.
Nika Terenteva from The Voice Kids Russia covered the song in 2014.
References in popular culture and usage in media[edit]
The Buffalo Bill episode "Hit the Road, Newdell" includes a dream sequence where Dabney Coleman's character lipsyncs the Ray Charles version of the song. This musical sequence was deleted from the DVD release because producers were unable to secure rights to include the song.[2]
In the Two and a Half Men episode "A Bottle of Wine and a Jackhammer", Charlie plays the piece in delight on his piano as Alan moves out of his house.
The sitcom Unhappily Ever After used the song as its theme.
The song is featured in Kenneth Anger's 1964 short film Scorpio Rising.[3]
Ray Charles' version is played over the PA during Chicago Bulls games when an opponent fouls out of the game.
A version is played over the PA in Chicago Cubs games when an opposing pitcher is 'chased' (pulled) from the game.
The song is featured in the 1980 film Cheech and Chong's Next Movie after the main characters are kicked out of the welfare office.
The song, performed by the characters appeared in the 1981 Arthur Penn film Four Friends[4]
It plays during the closing credits of 1989 film The Dream Team.
During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Kentucky Fried Chicken released a series of TV advertisements that used a rerecorded version of the song, re-titled "Cross the Road Jack"; additionally, the line "and don't you come back no more" was also changed to "Kentucky Fried Chicken's got more".
The song is featured in the 1995 film Man of the House, which features Chevy Chase as a character named Jack.
The song is referenced in the hook of British singer Conor Maynard's single "R U Crazy".
In the movie The Fisher King, radio DJ Jack Lucas uses it as the closing theme for his phone in show.
EastEnders actor Scott Maslen and professional dancer Natalie Lowe danced a Jive to this song in the 8th series of Strictly Come Dancing in week 7, scoring 39 points out of 40 from the judges.
The song is referenced and sampled on Kid Rock's 2001 hit "Forever".
Ray Charles' version plays over the closing credits of the 2006 film Failure to Launch.
In the late 2000s, Pizza brand Delissio used this in one of their advertisements.
The song is included in the 2015 dance exergame Just Dance 2016 as an in-house cover production under the pseudonym "Charles Percy", presumably from the names of Ray Charles, the singer who popularized the tune, and Percy Mayfield, the song's composer.
In the 2016 film Deadpool it is briefly played while Wade Wilson is in a garbage truck.
In the MTV game show Remote Control, audience sang this song when the contestants sprang through the wall after they lost.
A recording of the song was sampled by dance artist Throttle on an electronic swing/disco song also entitled "Hit the Road Jack".
Charts[edit]
Chart (1961)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[5]
3
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[6]
13
France (SNEP)[7]
42
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[8]
6
US Billboard Hot 100[9]
1
US Hot R&B Sides (Billboard)[9]
1
Chart (2011)
Peak
position
France (SNEP)[10]
90
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2011). Top Pop Singles 1955–2010. Record Research, Inc. p. 847. ISBN 0-89820-188-8.
Jump up ^ Weinberg, Scott (October 11, 2005). "Buffalo Bill - The Complete First and Second Seasons". DVD Talk. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kenneth Anger - Scorpio Rising 1964 / With Interview, YouTube.
Jump up ^ [1].
Jump up ^ Kent, David (2005). Australian Chart Book (1940–1969). Turramurra: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-44439-5.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Ray Charles – Hit the Road Jack" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Accès direct à ces Artistes: Ray Charles" (in French). InfoDisc. Archived from the original (select "Ray Charles" and then click "Go") on February 17, 2014. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ray Charles – Awards". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Ray Charles – Hit the Road Jack" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved March 8, 2014.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Ray Charles
Studio albums
Atlantic
Ray Charles (Hallelujah, I Love Her So)
The Great Ray Charles
Yes Indeed!
Soul Brothers
What'd I Say
The Genius of Ray Charles
The Genius Sings the Blues
Soul Meeting
The Genius After Hours
ABC
The Genius Hits the Road
Dedicated to You
Ray Charles and Betty Carter
Ray Charles Greatest Hits
Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music
Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music, Vol. 2
Ingredients in a Recipe for Soul
Sweet & Sour Tears
Have a Smile with Me
Together Again / Country and Western Meets Rhythm and Blues
Crying Time
Ray's Moods
Ray Charles Invites You to Listen
A Portrait of Ray
I'm All Yours Baby!
Doing His Thing
My Kind of Jazz
Love Country Style
Volcanic Action of My Soul
Jazz Number II
Other labels
Genius+Soul = Jazz
True to Life
Friendship
Just Between Us
Genius Loves Company
Posthumous
studio creations
Genius & Friends
Ray Sings, Basie Swings
Rare Genius
Live albums
Ray Charles at Newport
Ray Charles in Person
Live in Concert
Ray Charles Live
Notable
compilations
Do the Twist! with Ray Charles
A Man and His Soul
The Best of Ray Charles
Anthology
The Birth of Soul
Genius and Soul
Ray Charles in Concert
Billboard Hot 100
Top 10 Singles
"What'd I Say "
"Georgia on My Mind "
"Hit the Road Jack"
"One Mint Julep"
"Unchain My Heart"
"I Can't Stop Loving You "
"You Don't Know Me"
"You Are My Sunshine"
"Busted"
"Take These Chains from My Heart"
"Crying Time"
Other Billboard Charts
#1 singles
"I Got a Woman"
"A Fool for You"
"Mary Ann"
"Drown in My Own Tears"
"Together Again"
"Let's Go Get Stoned"
"Seven Spanish Angels"
"I'll Be Good to You"
Grammy Awarded Works
(not included above)
"Let The Good Times Roll"
"Living for the City"
"A Song for You"
"Heaven Help Us All "
"Here We Go Again"
See also
Discography
David "Fathead" Newman
Fathead / Ray Charles Sextet
Hank Crawford
The Raelettes
Ray (soundtrack)
Quincy Jones
The Blues Brothers
Here We Go Again: Celebrating the Genius of Ray Charles
Tribute to Uncle Ray
"Confession Blues"
Diet Pepsi
Book
Category
Commons
Wikiquote
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hit_the_Road_Jack&oldid=796452594"
Categories:
1960 songs
1961 singles
ABC Records singles
Paramount Records singles
Songs written by Percy Mayfield
Ray Charles songs
The Animals songs
Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number-one singles
Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles
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CS1 French-language sources (fr)
Articles needing additional references from August 2014
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