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List of National Basketball Association single-game scoring leaders
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This is a complete listing of National Basketball Association players who have scored 60 or more points in a game.
This feat has been accomplished 68 times in NBA history. Twenty-five different players have scored 60 or more points in a game. Only four players have scored 60 or more points on more than one occasion: Wilt Chamberlain (32 times), Kobe Bryant (6 times), Michael Jordan (5 times), and Elgin Baylor (4 times). Chamberlain holds the single-game scoring record, having scored 100 in game in 1962.
Jordan (63) and Baylor (61) are the only players to score at least 60 points in a game during the playoffs, each accomplishing this once.
Contents
[hide]
1 Key
2 List
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Key[edit]
^ Denotes player who is currently active in the NBA
* Denotes player who has been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
Occurred in playoff competition
Player's team lost the game
MP Minutes played FGM Field goals made FGA Field goal attempts
3PM 3-point field goals made 3PA 3-point field goal attempts DNP Did not play
FTM Free throws made FTA Free throw attempts
List[edit]
Rank
Points
Player
Date
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Team
Opponent
Score
MP
FGM
FGA
3PM
3PA
FTM
FTA
Notes
Ref.
Scoring by quarter
1 100 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-03-02-0000March 2, 1962 23 18 28 31 Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 169–147 48 36 63 — — 28 32 [A] [1][2] [3][4][5]
2 81 Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant 000000002006-01-22-0000January 22, 2006 14 12 27 28 Los Angeles Lakers Toronto Raptors 122–104 41:56 28 46 7 13 18 20 [B] [6][7][8]
3 78 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001961-12-08-0000December 8, 1961 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 147–151 63 31 62 — — 16 31 [C] [5]
4 73 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-01-13-0000January 13, 1962 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 135–117 48 29 48 — — 15 25 [D] [5]
73 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-11-16-0000November 16, 1962 — — — — San Francisco Warriors New York Knicks 127–111 48 29 43 — — 15 19 [E] [9]
73 Thompson, DavidDavid Thompson* 000000001978-04-09-0000April 9, 1978 32 21 9 11 Denver Nuggets Detroit Pistons 137–139 43 28 38 — — 17 20 [F]
7 72 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-11-03-0000November 3, 1962 — — — — San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 115–127 — 29 48 — — 14 18 [9]
8 71 Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor* 000000001960-11-15-0000November 15, 1960 — — — — Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 123–108 45 28 48 — — 15 18 [G]
71 Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* 000000001994-04-24-0000April 24, 1994 18 6 19 28 San Antonio Spurs Los Angeles Clippers 112–97 44 26 41 1 2 18 25 [H] [10][11]
10 70 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001963-03-10-0000March 10, 1963 — — — — San Francisco Warriors Syracuse Nationals 148–163 48 27 38 — — 16 22 [9]
70 Booker, DevinDevin Booker^ 000000002017-03-24-0000March 24, 2017 10 9 23 28 Phoenix Suns Boston Celtics 120–130 45 21 40 4 11 24 26 [I]
12 69 Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan* 000000001990-03-28-0000March 28, 1990 16 15 20 18 Chicago Bulls Cleveland Cavaliers 117–113 50 23 37 2 6 21 23 [J] [12][13][14]
13 68 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001967-12-16-0000December 16, 1967 14 15 15 24 Philadelphia 76ers Chicago Bulls 143–123 — 30 40 — — 8 22
68 Maravich, PetePete Maravich* 000000001977-02-25-0000February 25, 1977 17 14 17 20 New Orleans Jazz New York Knicks 124–107 43 26 43 — — 16 19
15 67 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001961-03-09-0000March 9, 1961 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 135–126 — 27 37 — — 13 17
67 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-02-17-0000February 17, 1962 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 121–128 48 26 44 — — 15 20 [5]
67 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-02-25-0000February 25, 1962 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors New York Knicks 135–149 48 25 38 — — 17 22 [5]
67 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001963-01-11-0000January 11, 1963 — — — — San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 129–134 — 28 47 — — 11 17 [9]
19 66 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001969-02-09-0000February 9, 1969 17 17 22 10 Los Angeles Lakers Phoenix Suns 134–116 48 29 35 — — 8 18 [K]
20 65 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-02-13-0000February 13, 1962 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors Cincinnati Royals 132–152 48 24 40 — — 17 30 [5]
65 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-02-27-0000February 27, 1962 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 147–137 48 25 43 — — 15 20 [5]
65 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001966-02-07-0000February 7, 1966 — — — — Philadelphia 76ers Los Angeles Lakers 132–125 — 28 43 — — 9 20
65 Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant 000000002007-03-16-0000March 16, 2007 4 19 9 24 Los Angeles Lakers Portland Trail Blazers 116–111 49:58 23 39 8 12 11 12 [L] [15]
24 64 Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor* 000000001959-11-08-0000November 8, 1959 13 12 17 22 Minneapolis Lakers Boston Celtics 136–115 — 25 47 — — 14 19 [M]
64 Barry, RickRick Barry* 000000001974-03-26-0000March 26, 1974 — — 23 22 Golden State Warriors Portland Trail Blazers 143–120 43 30 45 — — 4 5
64 Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan* 000000001993-01-16-0000January 16, 1993 22 8 11 16 Chicago Bulls Orlando Magic 124–128 47 27 49 1 5 9 11 [N] [16]
27 63 Fulks, JoeJoe Fulks* 000000001949-02-10-0000February 10, 1949 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors Indianapolis Jets 108–87 — 27 56 — — 9 14 [O]
63 Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor* 000000001961-12-08-0000December 8, 1961 — — — — Los Angeles Lakers Philadelphia Warriors 151–147 — 23 55 — — 17 24 [P] [17]
63 West, JerryJerry West* 000000001962-01-17-0000January 17, 1962 — — — — Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 129–121 39 22 36 — — 19 22
63 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-12-14-0000December 14, 1962 — — — — San Francisco Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 118–120 — 24 41 — — 15 20 [9]
63 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001964-11-26-0000November 26, 1964 — — — — San Francisco Warriors Philadelphia 76ers 117–128 — 27 58 — — 9 20
63 Gervin, GeorgeGeorge Gervin* 000000001978-04-09-0000April 9, 1978 20 33 10 DNP San Antonio Spurs New Orleans Jazz 132–153 33 23 49 — — 17 20 [Q]
63 Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan* 000000001986-04-20-0000April 20, 1986 17 6 13 18 Chicago Bulls Boston Celtics 131–135 53 22 41 0 0 19 21 [R]
34 62 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-01-14-0000January 14, 1962 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors Boston Celtics 136–145 48 27 45 — — 8 10 [5]
62 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-01-17-0000January 17, 1962 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 136–130 53 24 48 — — 14 20 [S] [5]
62 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-01-21-0000January 21, 1962 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors Syracuse Nationals 139–132 53 25 42 — — 12 17 [T] [5]
62 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001963-01-29-0000January 29, 1963 — — — — San Francisco Warriors New York Knicks 123–103 — 27 44 — — 8 17 [9]
62 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001964-11-15-0000November 15, 1964 — — — — San Francisco Warriors Cincinnati Royals 122–106 — 26 44 — — 10 21
62 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001966-03-03-0000March 3, 1966 — — — — Philadelphia 76ers San Francisco Warriors 135–125 — 26 39 — — 10 19
62 McGrady, TracyTracy McGrady* 000000002004-03-10-0000March 10, 2004 7 21 24 10 Orlando Magic Washington Wizards 108–99 45:50 20 37 5 14 17 26 [18]
62 Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant 000000002005-12-20-0000December 20, 2005 15 17 30 DNP Los Angeles Lakers Dallas Mavericks 112–90 32:53 18 31 4 10 22 25 [U] [19][20]
62 Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^ 000000002014-01-24-0000January 24, 2014 20 17 19 6 New York Knicks Charlotte Bobcats 125–96 38:39 23 35 6 11 10 10 [V] [21]
43 61 Mikan, GeorgeGeorge Mikan* 000000001952-01-20-0000January 20, 1952 18 18 — — Minneapolis Lakers Rochester Royals 91–81 — 22 45 — — 17 21 [W]
61 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001961-12-09-0000December 9, 1961 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 135–113 48 28 48 — — 5 10 [5]
61 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-02-22-0000February 22, 1962 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors St. Louis Hawks 139–121 48 21 36 — — 19 34 [5]
61 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-02-28-0000February 28, 1962 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors Chicago Packers 128–119 48 24 46 — — 13 17 [5]
61 Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor* 000000001962-04-14-0000April 14, 1962 18 15 13 15 Los Angeles Lakers Boston Celtics 126–121 — 22 46 — — 17 19 [X]
61 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-11-21-0000November 21, 1962 — — — — San Francisco Warriors Cincinnati Royals 139–143 — 27 52 — — 7 15 [9]
61 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-12-11-0000December 11, 1962 — — — — San Francisco Warriors Syracuse Nationals 136–124 — 27 57 — — 7 11 [9]
61 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001962-12-18-0000December 18, 1962 — — — — San Francisco Warriors St. Louis Hawks 130–110 — 26 53 — — 9 14 [9]
61 Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan* 000000001987-03-04-0000March 4, 1987 14 10 7 26 Chicago Bulls Detroit Pistons 125–120 43 22 39 0 0 17 18 [Y] [22][23][24]
61 Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan* 000000001987-04-16-0000April 16, 1987 15 17 16 13 Chicago Bulls Atlanta Hawks 114–117 41 22 38 0 3 17 21 [Z] [25][26][27][28][29]
61 Malone, KarlKarl Malone* 000000001990-01-27-0000January 27, 1990 17 13 20 11 Utah Jazz Milwaukee Bucks 144–96 33 21 26 0 0 19 23 [30]
61 O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal* 000000002000-03-06-0000March 6, 2000 10 16 16 19 Los Angeles Lakers Los Angeles Clippers 123–103 44:52 24 35 0 0 13 22 [AA] [31]
61 Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant 000000002009-02-02-0000February 2, 2009 18 16 12 15 Los Angeles Lakers New York Knicks 126–117 36:48 19 31 3 6 20 20 [32]
61 James, LeBronLeBron James^ 000000002014-03-03-0000March 3, 2014 11 13 25 12 Miami Heat Charlotte Bobcats 124–107 41:12 22 33 8 10 9 12 [AB] [33][34]
57 60 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001961-12-01-0000December 1, 1961 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 138–117 48 22 47 — — 16 26 [5]
60 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001961-12-29-0000December 29, 1961 — — — — Philadelphia Warriors Los Angeles Lakers 123–118 48 24 43 — — 12 19 [AC] [5]
60 Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain* 000000001969-01-26-0000January 26, 1969 18 9 10 23 Los Angeles Lakers Cincinnati Royals 126–113 — 22 36 — — 16 24 [AD]
60 King, BernardBernard King* 000000001984-12-25-0000December 25, 1984 21 19 11 9 New York Knicks New Jersey Nets 114–120 41 19 30 0 0 22 26 [35]
60 Bird, LarryLarry Bird* 000000001985-03-12-0000March 12, 1985 12 11 19 18 Boston Celtics Atlanta Hawks 126–115 43 22 36 1 4 15 16 [AE] [36]
60 Chambers, TomTom Chambers 000000001990-03-24-0000March 24, 1990 14 21 14 11 Phoenix Suns Seattle SuperSonics 121–95 42 22 32 0 0 16 18 [37][38][39][40]
60 Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson* 000000002005-02-12-0000February 12, 2005 17 12 11 20 Philadelphia 76ers Orlando Magic 112–99 42:01 17 36 2 5 24 27 [41][42]
60 Arenas, GilbertGilbert Arenas 000000002006-12-17-0000December 17, 2006 12 5 12 15 Washington Wizards Los Angeles Lakers 147–141 49:00 17 32 5 12 21 27 [AF] [43]
60 Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant 000000002007-03-22-0000March 22, 2007 13 11 19 17 Los Angeles Lakers Memphis Grizzlies 121–119 45:11 20 37 3 7 17 18 [AG] [44]
60 Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant 000000002016-04-13-0000April 13, 2016 15 7 15 23 Los Angeles Lakers Utah Jazz 101–96 42 22 50 6 21 10 12 [AH] [45][46]
60 Klay Thompson^ 000000002016-12-05-0000December 5, 2016 17 23 20 DNP Golden State Warriors Indiana Pacers 142–106 29 21 33 8 14 10 11 [AI] [47]
60 James Harden^ 000000002018-01-30-0000January 30, 2018 16 13 13 18 Houston Rockets Orlando Magic 114–107 46:26 19 30 5 14 17 18 [AJ] [48]
See also[edit]
National Basketball Association portal
NBA regular season records
List of National Basketball Association single-game playoff scoring leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 60 or more points in a game
List of basketball players who have scored 100 points in a single game
Notes[edit]
A Chamberlain set the following, still-standing (as of the 2016-17 season) single-game NBA records: points scored (100), points scored in a half (59), shots made (36), shots attempted (63), and free throws made (28). Also set a then-record for points scored in a quarter (31). Last game in a streak in which Chamberlain scored 60 points or more in four straight games. Game played at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
B Outscored the Raptors 55-41 in the second half. Led Lakers from an 18-point deficit. Bryant was in the middle of a free throw scoring streak which came to an end at 62. Scored 28 of the Lakers' 31 points in the fourth quarter. Scored 19 consecutive Laker points between the end of the first half and the middle of the third quarter.
C 3 OT; set a then-record for points in a game. Most points scored in a losing effort. Also recorded 43 rebounds.
D Set a then-record for points in a regulation game.
E Most points scored in an opposing arena.
F Last game of the season; George Gervin scored 63 on the same night to win the scoring title by a .07 margin.
G Set a then-record for points in a game.
H Last game of regular season to win a scoring title over Shaquille O'Neal.
I Youngest player to score at least 60 points in a game.
J 8 points in overtime. OT victory; also recorded his regular season career-high for rebounds in this game with 18.
K Last time Chamberlain scored 60.
L Scored basket that sent game in OT. Scored nine in extra period.
M Set a then-record for points in a game.
N Scored 7 points in OT.
O Pre-shot clock era; set a then-record for points in a game.
P 3 OT.
Q Scored a then-record 33 points in the second quarter. Lost game but won the scoring title on last game of the season over David Thompson.
R NBA Playoffs record. 5 points in first OT, 4 points in second OT.
S OT; Game played at Detroit, Michigan.
T OT; Game played at Utica, New York.
U Sat out the fourth quarter; outscored Dallas alone through three quarters, 62–61.
V Anthony made a half-court buzzer-beater at the end of the first half.
W 2 OT; Mikan scored 67% of his team's points.
X NBA Finals record (game 5 victory); most points in a regulation playoff game.
Y Scored four points in OT.
Z Part of a streak in which Jordan scored 50 or more points in three consecutive games to become the only player besides Wilt Chamberlain with a 3,000 point season.
AA On his 28th birthday.
AB Made his first 8 three-pointers.
AC Chamberlain's seventh straight 50+ point game (an NBA record) and 13th straight 40+ point game (he would push this streak to 14 the next evening). Game played at Hershey Sports Arena in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
AD Game played at Cleveland, Ohio.
AE Scored last basket at the buzzer. Game played at Lakefront Arena in New Orleans, Louisiana.
AF Scored 16 of his team's 21 points in OT, setting an NBA record.
AG 3rd game of a four-game 50+ streak; Bryant's 50+ streak exceeded only by Chamberlain's streaks of seven (twice), six, and five (four times).
AH Final game of Bryant's career. Oldest player to score 60.
AI Sat out the fourth quarter.
AI New Rockets franchise single-game scoring record, as well as setting the record for highest scoring triple double in league history.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lawrence, Mitch. "Chamberlain's feats the stuff of legend". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
Jump up ^ "This Date in History-March". NBA.com. Turner Sports Interactive, Inc. Retrieved 2009-03-18.
Jump up ^ hoophall.com (2007-02-10). "The Story Behind Wilt Chamberlain's 100-point game". Archived from the original on 2006-11-18.
Jump up ^ "Wilt's 100-Point Game Box Score". NBA.com. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Wilt Chamberlain 1961-62 game log". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kobe's 81-point game second only to Wilt". ESPN.com. Retrieved 18 March 2009.
Jump up ^ "Toronto Raptors @ Los Angeles Lakers Box Score". basketball-reference.com. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kobe's 81 point game highlights". Retrieved 9 February 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Wilt Chamberlain 1962-63 game log". Basketball-Reference.com. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "ROBINSON GETS 71, SCORING TITLE". Chicago Tribune. April 25, 1994. p. C10.
Jump up ^ "Robinson Wins Title with 71 Big Ones". The Washington Post. April 25, 1994. p. B8.
Jump up ^ "Basketball; 69 Points F>or Jordan". The New York Times. March 29, 1990. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Smith, Sam (March 29, 1990). "Jordan pours in 69 His `best game ever' beats Cavs in OT". Chicago Tribune. p. C1.
Jump up ^ "Michael Jordan top rebounding regular season games". Basketball-Reference. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Portland Trail Blazers @ Los Angeles Lakers - Friday, March 16th, 2007". NBA.com. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Povtak, Tim (January 17, 1993). "Jordan's 64 can't stop Magic Anderson steals show in overtime". Orlando Sentinel. p. C1.
Jump up ^ "T-Mac has first 60-point game since 2000". ESPN.com. March 10, 2004. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Washington Wizards @ Orlando Magic - Wednesday, March 10th, 2004". NBA.com. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "It's Kobe's night as Mavs have no answers". ESPN.com. December 20, 2005. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Dallas Mavericks @ Los Angeles Lakers - Tuesday, December 20th, 2005". NBA.com. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Bobcats at Knicks - Game Preview, Play-by-Play, Scores and Recap on NBA.com". ESPN.com. January 24, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jordan Lights Up Silverdome With 61 Points".
Jump up ^ "MICHAEL JORDAN: 61 pts vs Detroit Pistons (1987.03.04)".
Jump up ^ "Michael Jordan 61 Points vs Pistons & Isiah Thomas 31Pts 18Assists (1987) MUST Watch!".
Jump up ^ "61 for Jordan, 23 in a Row". The New York Times. April 17, 1987. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Sakamoto, Bob (April 17, 1987). "Jordan triumphant in Bulls' defeat". Chicago Tribune. p. C1.
Jump up ^ "Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 1".
Jump up ^ "Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 2".
Jump up ^ "Michael Jordan 61pts vs Hawks part 3".
Jump up ^ Enlund, Tom (January 28, 1990). "Malone answers all-star snub with 61 points against Bucks", The Milwaukee Journal, p. 1C.
Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Lakers @ Los Angeles Clippers - Monday, March 6th, 2000". NBA.com. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Lakers @ New York Knicks - Monday, February 2nd, 2009". NBA.com. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Bobcats at Heat - March 3, 2014". NBA.com. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bobcats vs Heat game recap". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Goldpaper, Sam (December 26, 1984). "King Scores Knick-Record 60 Points in Loss to Nets". The New York Times. p. D9.
Jump up ^ "'It Was Like Living in a Video Game': An Oral History of Larry Bird's 60-Point Game". archive.boston.com. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
Jump up ^ "Nosedive Persists For Nets". The New York Times. March 25, 1990. p. S4.
Jump up ^ "Suns' Chambers lights up Sonics for 60 points". Chicago Tribune. March 25, 1990. p. C15.
Jump up ^ "On This Day In History (3.24.90) Tom Chambers scored a franchise high 60 points vs the Sonics". Ballislife.com. Retrieved 2016-02-24.
Jump up ^ "Chambers Lights It Up". www.nba.com. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
Jump up ^ "Three-time scoring champ hits career high". ESPN.com. February 12, 2005. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Orlando Magic @ Philadelphia 76ers - Saturday, February 12th, 2005". NBA.com. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Washington Wizards @ Los Angeles Lakers - Sunday, December 17th, 2006". NBA.com. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Lakers @ Memphis Grizzlies - Thursday, March 22nd, 2007". NBA.com. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Jazz vs. Lakers - Box Score - April 13, 2016". Retrieved April 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kobe scores 60 in unbelievable farewell victory". NBA.com. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pacers vs. Warriors - Box Score - December 5, 2016 - ESPN". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2016-12-06.
Jump up ^ "Magic vs. Rockets - Box Score - January 30, 2018 - ESPN". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
External links[edit]
Top single-game scorers (60-plus) from NBA.com
NBA Almanac: Most Points
Historical NBA Box Scores
Wilt Chamberlain Career Retrospective
Harvey Pollack's Statistical Yearbook
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values: List of National Basketball Association career steals leaders

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values: List of National Basketball Association seasons played leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association career games played leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association career minutes played leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association career playoff scoring leaders

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values: List of National Basketball Association career playoff assists leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association career playoff steals leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association career playoff blocks leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association career playoff turnovers leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association career playoff 3-point scoring leaders

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values: List of National Basketball Association career playoff games played leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association career playoff minutes leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association annual statistical leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association annual scoring leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association annual rebounding leaders

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values: List of National Basketball Association annual blocks leaders

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values: List of National Basketball Association annual field goal percentage leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association annual three-point field goals leaders

values: List of National Basketball Association annual three-point field goal percentage leaders

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values: List of National Basketball Association single-season scoring leaders

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values: List of National Basketball Association single-game blocks leaders

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Crimean Tatars
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Further information: Tatars and Tartary
Crimean Tatars
Qırımtatarlar
Flag of the Crimean Tatars
Regions with significant populations
Crimea
246,073[1][2][3]
Uzbekistan
10,046[4]
Turkey
150,000 – 6,000,000[5]
Romania
24,137[6]
Russia (excl. Crimea)
2,449[7]
Bulgaria
1,803[8]
Kazakhstan
1,532[9]
United States
7,000
Ukraine (excl. Crimea)
30,000–60,000
Languages
Crimean Tatar, Turkish, Russian, Ukrainian
Religion
Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
Dobrujan Tatars, Nogais, Volga Tatars, Turkish people, Krymchaks
Part of a series on
Crimean Tatars
By region or country
Bulgaria
Romania
Turkey
United States
Uzbekistan
Religion
Sunni Islam (Hanafi)
Languages and dialects
Crimean Tatar
History
Khanate (1441–1783)
Taurida Oblast (1783–1796)
Taurida Governorate (1802–1917)
People's Republic (1917–1918)
Crimean ASSR (1921–1945)
Sürgün (1944)
Crimean Oblast (1945–1991)
Autonomous Republic (1991–)
Republic of Crimea (2014–)
People and groups
List
Biographies
Khans
Mejlis
Milliy Firqa
v
t
e
Crimean Tatars (Crimean Tatar: Qırımtatarlar, Turkish: Kırım Tatarları, Russian: Крымские Татары, Ukrainian: Кримськi Татари) are a Turkic ethnic group that formed in the Crimean Peninsula during the 13th–17th centuries, primarily from the Turkic tribes that moved to the land now known as Crimea in Eastern Europe from the Asian steppes beginning in the 10th century, with contributions from the pre-Cuman population of Crimea. Since 2014 Crimean Tatars were officially recognized as indigenous peoples of Ukraine.[10] Following the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea, Russian authorities recognized Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People as an extremist organization, and banned it in 26 April 2016. [11]
Crimean Tatars constituted the majority of Crimea's population from the time of its ethnogenesis until the mid-19th century, and the relative largest ethnic population until the end of the 19th century.[12][13] Almost immediately after the liberation of Crimea, in May 1944, the USSR State Defense Committee ordered the removal of all of the Tatar population from Crimea, including the families of Crimean Tatars serving in the Soviet Army – in trains and boxcars to Central Asia, primarily to Uzbekistan. Starting in 1967, some were allowed to return to Crimea, and in 1989 the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union condemned the removal of Crimean Tatars from their motherland as inhumane and lawless. Today, Crimean Tatars constitute approximately 12% of the population of Crimea. There remains a large diaspora of Crimean Tatars in Turkey and Uzbekistan.[14]
Contents
[hide]
1 Distribution
2 Sub-ethnic groups
3 History
3.1 Origin
3.2 Crimean Khanate
3.3 In the Russian Empire
3.4 In the Soviet Union (1917–1991)
3.5 After Ukrainian independence
3.6 2014 Crimean crisis
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 Further reading
7.1 Other languages
8 External links
Distribution[edit]
Main article: Crimean Tatar diaspora
In the latest Ukrainian census, 248,200 Ukrainian citizens identified themselves as Crimean Tatars with 98% (or about 243,400) of them living in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea.[15][16] An additional 1,800 citizens (or about 0.7% of those that identified themselves as Crimean Tatars) live in the city of Sevastopol, also on the Crimean peninsula, but outside the border of the autonomous republic.[15]
About 150,000 remain in exile in Central Asia, mainly in Uzbekistan. The official number of Crimean Tatars in Turkey is 150,000 with some Crimean Tatar activists estimating a figure as high as 6 million. The activists reached this number by taking one million Tatar immigrants to Turkey as a starting point and multiplying this number by the birth rate in the span of the last hundred years.[5] Crimean Tatars in Turkey mostly live in Eskişehir Province, descendants of those who emigrated in the late 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries.[5] In the Dobruja region straddling Romania and Bulgaria, there are more than 27,000 Crimean Tatars: 24,000 on the Romanian side, and 3,000 on the Bulgarian side.[citation needed]
Sub-ethnic groups[edit]
The Crimean Tatars are subdivided into three (or sometimes four) sub-ethnic groups:
the Tats (not to be confused with Tat people, living in the Caucasus region) who used to inhabit the mountainous Crimea before 1944 (about 55%) predominantly a tatarized Greeks, Goths and other people, as Tats in Crimea also were called Hellenic Urum people (Crimean Greeks) who were deported by the Imperial Russia to the area around Mariupol;[17]
the Yalıboyu who lived on the southern coast of the peninsula (about 30%) partially also the Crimean Turks,[17]
the Noğay or Mangit[18] (not to be confused with Nogai people, living now in Southern Russia) – former inhabitants of the Crimean steppe (about 15%).[17]
the Ortayulak (central Crimean).[17]
Historians suggest that inhabitants of the mountainous parts of Crimea lying to the central and southern parts (the Tats), and those of the Southern coast of Crimea (the Yalıboyu) were the direct descendants of the Pontic Greeks, Armenians, Scythians, Ostrogoths (Crimean Goths) and Kipchaks along with the Cumans while the latest inhabitants of the northern steppe represent the descendants of the Nogai Horde of the Black Sea nominally subjects of the Crimean Khan.[19][20] It is largely assumed that the Tatarization process that mostly took place in the 16th century brought a sense of cultural unity through the blending of the Greeks, Armenians, Italians and Ottoman Turks of the southern coast, Goths of the central mountains, and Turkic-speaking Kipchaks and Cumans of the steppe and forming of the Crimean Tatar ethnic group.[21] However, the Cuman language is considered the direct ancestor of the current language of the Crimean Tatars with possible incorporations of the other languages like Crimean Gothic.[22][23][24][25]
Another theory suggests Crimean Tatars trace their origins to the waves of ancient people Scythians, Greeks, Goths, Italians and Armenians.[26] When the Golden Horde invaded Crimea in the 1230s, they then mixed with populations which had settled in Eastern Europe, including Crimea since the seventh century: Tatars, but also Mongols and other Turkic groups (Khazars, Pechenegs, Cumans, and Kipchaks), as well as the ancient.[27]
The Mongol conquest of the Kipchaks led to a merged society with the Mongol ruling class over a Kipchak speaking population which came to be known as Tatar and which eventually absorbed other ethnicities on the Crimean peninsula like Armenians, Italians, Greeks, and Goths to form the modern day Crimean Tatar people- up to the Soviet deportation, the Crimean Tatars could still differentiate among themselves between Tatar Kipchak Nogays and the "Tat" descendants of Tatarized Goths and other Turkified peoples.[28]
Goths, Gypsies, and Greeks were assumed to be some of the ancestors of the Tatars on the coast of Crimea, while there were "mixed hill Tatars" and finally "Asiatic" steppe Tatars.[29] Italians and Greeks mixed with the coastal Crimean Tatars.[30]
Today, Crimean Tatars are often considered as the indigenous peoples of the Crimean peninsula.
History[edit]
Main article: History of Crimea
Origin[edit]
Crimea has experienced many migratory and conquering races in its history. The Turkic Kipchaks had followed the Goths, Huns, Sarmatians and Scythians in Crimea. The Mongols who invaded the Russian principalities under Batu Khan, conducted the Kipchaks of south Ukrainain plains into their forces in 1240s. This amalgam of Mongols and Kipchkaks which gradually converted to Islam became known as "Tatars". The Tatars of Crimea and the neighboring steppes continued their domination even with the decline of Mongol rule in 1300s. The liberation of Russia from the Golden Horde in 1480 too couldn't end their power and by this time the Tatar Giray dynasty had already established an independent khanate in Crimea and neighboring territory.[31]
Crimean Khanate[edit]
Further information: Crimean Khanate
Juma Mosque
The Ottoman campaign in Hungary in 1566, Crimean Tatars as vanguard, a Persian style miniature
The Crimean Tatars emerged as a nation at the time of the Crimean Khanate, an Ottoman vassal state during the 15th to 18th centuries and one of the great centers of slave trade to the Ottoman Empire. The Turkic-speaking population of Crimea had mostly adopted Islam already in the 14th century, following the conversion of Ozbeg Khan of the Golden Horde.[32] By the time of the first Russian invasion of Crimea in 1736, the Khan's archives and libraries were famous throughout the Islamic world, and under Khan Krym-Girei the city of Simferopol was endowed with piped water, sewerage and a theatre where Molière was performed in French, while the port of Gözleve stood comparison with Rotterdam and Bakhchysarai, the capital, was described as Europe's cleanest and greenest city.[33]
Until the beginning of the 18th century, Crimean Tatars were known for frequent, at some periods almost annual, devastating raids into Ukraine and Russia.[34] For a long time, until the late 18th century, the Crimean Khanate maintained a massive slave trade with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East which was the most important basis of its economy.[35] One of the most important trading ports and slave markets was Kefe.[34] Slaves and freedmen formed approximately 75% of the Crimean population.[36]
Some researchers estimate that altogether up to 3 million people were captured and enslaved during the time of the Crimean Khanate.[37][38] In retaliation, the lands of Crimean Tatars were being raided by Zaporozhian Cossacks,[39] armed Slavic horsemen, who defended the steppe frontier – Wild Fields – against Tatar slave raids and often attacked and plundered the lands of Ottoman Turks and Crimean Tatars. The Don Cossacks and Kalmyk Mongols also managed to raid Crimean Tatars' land.[40] The last recorded major Crimean raid, before those in the Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) took place during the reign of Peter the Great (1682–1725).[39] However, Cossack raids continued after that time; Ottoman Grand Vizier complained to the Russian consul about raids to Crimea and Özi in 1761.[39] In 1769 one last major Tatar raid, which took place during the Russo-Turkish War, saw the capture of 20,000 slaves.[35]
In the Russian Empire[edit]
See also: Novorossiya
The Crimean Khan's Palace in Bakhchysaray, 1857, by Carlo Bossoli.
The Russo-Turkish War (1768–74) resulted in the defeat of the Ottomans by the Russians, and according to the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774) signed after the war, Crimea became independent and the Ottomans renounced their political right to protect the Crimean Khanate. After a period of political unrest in Crimea, Russia violated the treaty and annexed the Crimean Khanate in 1783. After the annexation, the wealthier Tatars, who had exported wheat, meat, fish and wine to other parts of the Black Sea, began to be expelled and to move to the Ottoman Empire. Further expulsions followed in 1812 for fear of the reliability of the Tatars in the face of Napoleon's advance. Particularly, the Crimean War of 1853–1856, the laws of 1860–63, the Tsarist policy and the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78) caused an exodus of the Tatars; 12,000 boarded Allied ships in Sevastopol to escape the destruction of shelling, and were branded traitors by the Russian government.[33] Of total Tatar population 300,000 of the Taurida Governorate about 200,000 Crimean Tatars emigrated.[41] Many Crimean Tatars perished in the process of emigration, including those who drowned while crossing the Black Sea. Today the descendants of these Crimeans form the Crimean Tatar diaspora in Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey.
Crimean Tatars and a mullah ca. 1862.
Ismail Gasprali (1851–1914) was a renowned Crimean Tatar intellectual, influenced by the nationalist movements of the period, whose efforts laid the foundation for the modernization of Muslim culture and the emergence of the Crimean Tatar national identity. The bilingual Crimean Tatar-Russian newspaper Terciman-Perevodchik he published in 1883–1914, functioned as an educational tool through which a national consciousness and modern thinking emerged among the entire Turkic-speaking population of the Russian Empire.[33] His New Method (Jadid) schools, numbering 350 across the peninsula, helped create a new Crimean Tatar elite.[citation needed]
The educated "Crimean Tatars" during this period refused the appellation of "Tatars" given to them by the Turks (which however in earlier times had also been used natively). They wished to be known simply as "Turks", and their language as "Turkish" (the Crimean Tatar language had indeed been substantially influenced by Ottoman Turkish).[42]
After the Russian Revolution of 1917 this new elite, which included Noman Çelebicihan and Cafer Seydamet proclaimed the first democratic republic in the Islamic world, named the Crimean People's Republic on 26 December 1917. However, this republic was short-lived and abolished by the Bolshevik uprising in January 1918.[citation needed]
In the Soviet Union (1917–1991)[edit]
See also: Deportation of the Crimean Tatars
Percentage of Crimean Tatars by region in Crimea according to 1939 Soviet census
Percentage of Crimean Tatars by region in Crimea according to 2001 Ukrainian census
Soviet policies on the peninsula led to widespread starvation in 1921.[citation needed] More than 100,000 Tatars, Russians, Ukrainians and other inhabitants of the peninsula starved to death,[43] and tens of thousands of Tatars fled to Turkey or Romania.[44] Thousands more were deported or slaughtered during the collectivization in 1928–29.[44] The Soviet government's "collectivization" policies led to a major nationwide famine in 1931–33. During Stalin's Great Purge, statesmen and intellectuals such as Veli Ibraimov and Bekir Çoban-zade (1893–1937), were imprisoned or executed on various charges.[44]
In May 1944, the entire Crimean Tatar population of Crimea was exiled to Central Asia, mainly to Uzbekistan, on the orders of Joseph Stalin, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Chairman of the USSR State Defense Committee. Although a great number of Crimean Tatar men served in the Red Army and took part in the partisan movement in Crimea during the war, the existence of the Tatar Legion in the Nazi army and the collaboration of Crimean Tatar religious and political leaders with Hitler during the German occupation of Crimea provided the Soviet leadership with justification for accusing the entire Crimean Tatar population of being Nazi collaborators. In actuality, much of this is Soviet revisionism as the persecution of "suspect nations" and most of the genocide of the Crimean Tatars preceded the war, while statements justifying it appear after the war – as the threat of war heightened Stalin’s perception of marginal and politically suspect populations as the potential source of an uprising in case of invasion. He began to plan for the preventive elimination of such potential recruits for a mythical “fifth column of wreckers, terrorists and spies.” (Hagenloh, 2000; Shearer, 2003). Tatar historian Alan Fisher has said that between 1917 and 1933, 150,000 Tatars—about 50% of the population at the time—either were killed or forced out of Crimea.[45] According to Yitzhak Arad, "In January 1942 a company of Tatar volunteers was established in Simferopol under the command of Einsatzgruppe 11. This company participated in anti-Jewish manhunts and murder actions in the rural regions."[46]
Some modern researchers argue that Crimea's geopolitical position[which?] fueled Soviet perceptions of Crimean Tatars as a potential threat.[47] This belief is based in part on an analogy with numerous other cases of deportations of non-Russians from boundary territories, as well as the fact that other non-Russian populations, such as Greeks, Armenians and Bulgarians were also removed from Crimea.[citation needed]
All 240,000 Crimean Tatars were deported en masse, in a form of collective punishment, on 17–18 May 1944 as "special settlers" to the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic and other distant parts of the Soviet Union.[48] This event is called Sürgün in the Crimean Tatar language; the few who escaped were shot on sight or drowned in scuttled barges, and within months half their number had died of cold, hunger, exhaustion and disease.[33] Many of them were re-located to toil as indentured workers in the Soviet GULAG system.[49]
Although a 1967 Soviet decree removed the charges against Crimean Tatars, the Soviet government did nothing to facilitate their resettlement in Crimea and to make reparations for lost lives and confiscated property. Crimean Tatars, having a definite tradition of non-communist political dissent, succeeded in creating a truly independent network of activists, values and political experience.[50] Crimean Tatars, led by the Crimean Tatar National Movement Organization,[51] were not allowed to return to Crimea from exile until the beginning of the Perestroika in the mid-1980s.
After Ukrainian independence[edit]
See also: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People
Today, more than 250,000 Crimean Tatars have returned to their homeland, struggling to re-establish their lives and reclaim their national and cultural rights against many social and economic obstacles. In 1991, the Crimean Tatar leadership founded the Kurultai, or Parliament, to act as a representative body for the Crimean Tatars which could address grievances to the Ukrainian central government, the Crimean government, and international bodies.[52] Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People is the executive body of the Kurultai.
Since the 1990s till October 2013, the political leader of the Crimean Tatars and the chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People was former Soviet dissident Mustafa Abdülcemil Qırımoğlu. Since October 2013 the chairman of the Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People is Refat Chubarov.[53]
2014 Crimean crisis[edit]
Main article: Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
See also: Republic of Crimea § Crimean Tatars
Following news of Crimea's independence referendum organized with the help of Russia on 16 March 2014[citation needed], the Kurultai leadership voiced concerns of renewed persecution, as commented by a U.S. official before the visit of a UN human rights team to the peninsula.[54] At the same time, Rustam Minnikhanov, the president of Tatarstan was dispatched to Crimea to quell Crimean Tatars' concerns and to point out that "in the 23 years of Ukraine's independence the Ukrainian leaders have been using Crimean Tatars as pawns in their political games without doing them any tangible favors". The issue of Crimean Tatar alleged persecution has since been raised regularly on an international level.[55][56]
On 18 March 2014, the day Crimea was annexed by Russia and Crimean Tatar was declared one of the three official languages of Crimea, it was also announced that Crimean Tatars will be required to relinquish coastal lands on which they squatted since their return to Crimea in early 1990s and be given land elsewhere in Crimea. Crimea stated it needed the relinquished land for "social purposes", since part of this land is occupied by the Crimean Tatars without legal documents of ownership.[57] The situation was caused by the inability of the USSR (and later Ukraine) to give back to the Tatars the land owned before deportation, once they or their descendants returned from Central Asia (mainly Uzbekistan). As a consequence, Crimean Tatars settled as squatters, occupying land that was and is still not legally registered.[citation needed]
Some Crimean Tatars fled to Mainland Ukraine due to the Crimean crisis - reportedly around 2000 by 23 March.[58] On 29 March 2014, an emergency meeting of the Crimean Tatars representative body, the Kurultai, voted in favor of seeking "ethnic and territorial autonomy" for Crimean Tatars using "political and legal" means. The meeting was attended by the Head of the Republic of Tatarstan and the chair of the Russian Council of Muftis.[59] Decisions as to whether the Tatars will accept Russian passports or whether the autonomy sought would be within the Russian or Ukrainian state have been deferred pending further discussion.[60]
The Mejlis works in emergency mode in Kiev.[61]
See also[edit]
Index of articles related to Crimean Tatars
Tatars
Nogais
Tats
Crimean Tatar legends
Notes[edit]
^ Controlled and administrated by the Russian Federation as Crimean Federal District: Republic of Crimea and federal city of Sevastopol. Recognized as a part of Ukraine by most of the international community as Autonomous Republic of Crimea and city with special status Sevastopol. Northern part of the Arabat Spit is a part of the Kherson Oblast and is not a subject of territorial dispute.
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Aurélie Campana, Sürgün: "The Crimean Tatars’ deportation and exile, Online Encyclopedia of Mass Violence", 16 June 2008. Retrieved 19 April 2012, ISSN 1961-9898
Jump up ^ Subtelny, Orest (2000). Ukraine: A History. University of Toronto Press. p. 483. ISBN 0-8020-8390-0.
Jump up ^ The Muzhik & the Commissar, TIME Magazine, 30 November 1953
Jump up ^ Buttino, Marco (1993). In a Collapsing Empire: Underdevelopment, Ethnic Conflicts and Nationalisms in the Soviet Union, p.68 ISBN 88-07-99048-2
Jump up ^ Abdulganiyev, Kurtmolla (2002). Institutional Development of the Crimean Tatar National Movement, International Committee for Crimea. Retrieved on 2008-03-22
Jump up ^ Ziad, Waleed; Laryssa Chomiak (20 February 2007). "A Lesson in Stifling Violent Extremism: Crimea's Tatars have created a promising model to lessen ethnoreligious conflict". CS Monitor. Retrieved 6 August 2007.
Jump up ^ "Chairman". qtmm.org. Retrieved 2016-06-25.
Jump up ^ "U.N. human rights team aims for quick access to Crimea - official". Retrieved 20 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "UNPO: Crimean Tatars: Turkey Officially Condemns Persecution by Russia". unpo.org. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
Jump up ^ http://politicalperiscope.com/crimean-tatars-russia/
Jump up ^ Temirgaliyev, Rustam. "Crimean Deputy Prime Minister". Retrieved 19 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Trukhan, Vassyl. "Crimea's Tatars flee for Ukraine far west". Yahoo. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Crimean Tatars' want autonomy after Russia's seizure of peninsula". Reuters.
Jump up ^ "World".
Jump up ^ "UNPO: Crimean Tatars: Mejlis Continues Work in Emergency Mode from Kiev". unpo.org. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
Further reading[edit]
Conquest, Robert. 1970. The Nation Killers: The Soviet Deportation of Nationalities (London: Macmillan). (ISBN 0-333-10575-3)
Fisher, Alan W. 1978. The Crimean Tatars. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press. (ISBN 0-8179-6661-7)
Fisher, Alan W. 1998. Between Russians, Ottomans and Turks: Crimea and Crimean Tatars (Istanbul: Isis Press, 1998). (ISBN 975-428-126-2)
Nekrich, Alexander. 1978. The Punished Peoples: The Deportation and Fate of Soviet Minorities at the End of the Second World War (New York: W. W. Norton). (ISBN 0-393-00068-0)
Quelquejay, Lemercier. "The Tatars of the Crimea, a retrospective summary." Central Asian Review 16#1 (1968): 15-25.
Uehling, Greta (June 2000). "Squatting, self-immolation, and the repatriation of Crimean Tatars". Nationalities Papers. 28 (2): 317–341. doi:10.1080/713687470.
Williams, Brian Glyn. "The hidden ethnic cleansing of Muslims in the Soviet Union: The exile and repatriation of the Crimean Tatars." Journal of Contemporary History (2002): 323-347. in JSTOR
Williams, Brian Glyn. "The Crimean Tatar exile in Central Asia: a case study in group destruction and survival." Central Asian Survey 17.2 (1998): 285-317.
Williams, Brian Glyn. "The Ethnogenesis of the Crimean Tatars. An Historical Reinterpretation" Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (2001) 11#3 pp. 329–348 in JSTOR
Williams, Brian G., The Crimean Tatars: The Diaspora Experience and the Forging of a Nation, Leyden: Brill, 2001.
Other languages[edit]
Vozgrin, Valery, 2013, Istoriya krymskykh tatar ((in Russian) Valery Vozgrin "Исторические судьбы крымских татар"), Simferopol (four volumes).
Smirnov V D, 1886, Krymskoe khanstvo
Campana (Aurélie), Dufaud (Grégory) and Tournon (Sophie) (ed.), Les Déportations en héritage. Les peuples réprimés du Caucase et de Crimée, hier et aujourd'hui, Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2009.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crimean Tatars.
Official website of Qirim Tatar Cultural Association of Canada
Official web-site of Bizim QIRIM International Nongovernmental Organization
International Committee for Crimea
UNDP Crimea Integration and Development Programme
Crimean Tatar Home Page
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatar words (Turkish)
Crimean Tatar words (English)
State Defense Committee Decree No. 5859ss: On Crimean Tatars (See also Three answers to the Decree No. 5859ss)
Crimean Tatars
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text:
Red reflex
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The red reflex refers to the reddish-orange reflection of light from the eye's retina that is observed when using an ophthalmoscope or retinoscope from approximately 30 cm / 1 foot. This examination is usually performed in a dimly lit or dark room.
Many eye problems may be detected by this test, such as:
Cataracts - show leukocoria, or white coloration of the eye which may be from rubella or other maternal infections
Retinoblastoma - shows leukocoria.
Newborns are regularly screened for retinoblastomas with an ophthalmoscope (see also: Retinoblastoma#Diagnosis).
According to Bates' Guide to Physical Exams, retinal detachment would result in the absence of red reflex in the affected eye.
Contents
[hide]
1 Simultaneous red reflex test
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Simultaneous red reflex test[edit]
The simultaneous red reflex test is used to view both reflexes at the same time. This can help determine if the patient has normal ocular alignment. In order to perform this test the patient and physician are normally approximately 2 to 3 feet away from each other.[1]
See also[edit]
Red-eye effect
Eyeshine
Leukocoria
Retinal birefringence scanning
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Pediatric eye exam and disease states, Mara Hover, DO. A T still University school of osteopathic medicine. November 2012.
External links[edit]
"Red reflex examination in infants. Section on Ophthalmology. American Academy of Pediatrics." Pediatrics. 2002 May;109(5):980-1. PMID 11986467.
This article about the eye is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
[hide]
v
t
e
Eye: appearance phenomena
of the eye
Eyeshine
Leukocoria
Red-eye effect
Red reflex
by the eye
Color appearance
Abney effect
Bezold–Brücke shift
Chromatic adaptation
Purkinje effect
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Red_reflex&oldid=781700717"
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