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Twelve Olympians
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Fragment of a Hellenistic relief (1st century BC–1st century AD) depicting the twelve Olympians carrying their attributes in procession; from left to right, Hestia (scepter), Hermes (winged cap and staff), Aphrodite (veiled), Ares (helmet and spear), Demeter (scepter and wheat sheaf), Hephaestus (staff), Hera (scepter), Poseidon (trident), Athena (owl and helmet), Zeus (thunderbolt and staff), Artemis (bow and quiver), Apollo (lyre), from the Walters Art Museum.[1]
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the twelve Olympians are the major deities of the Greek pantheon, commonly considered to be Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hephaestus, Hermes, and either Hestia or Dionysus.[2] They were called 'Olympians' because they were considered to reside on Mount Olympus.
Although Hades was a major ancient Greek god, and was the brother of the first generation of Olympians (Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter, and Hestia), he resided in the underworld, far from Olympus, and thus was not usually considered to be one of the Olympians. Besides the twelve Olympians, there were many other cultic groupings of twelve gods.
Contents
[hide]
1 Olympians
2 Twelve gods
3 List
4 Genealogy
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
Olympians[edit]
The Olympians were the principal deities of the Greek pantheon, so named because of their residency atop Mount Olympus. They gained their supremacy in a ten-year-long war of gods, in which Zeus led his siblings to victory over the previous generation of ruling gods, the Titans. They were a family of gods, the most important consisting of the first generation of Olympians, offspring of the Titans Cronus and Rhea: Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Demeter and Hestia, along with the principal offspring of Zeus: Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite,[3] Hephaestus, Hermes, and Dionysus. Although Hades was a major deity in the Greek pantheon, and was the brother of Zeus and the other first generation of Olympians, his realm was far away from Olympus in the underworld, and thus he was not usually considered to be one of the Olympians.[4]
The canonical number of Olympian gods was twelve, but besides the (thirteen) principal Olympians listed above, there were many other residents of Olympus, who thus might be called Olympians.[5] Heracles became a resident of Olympus after his apotheosis and married another Olympian resident Hebe.[6] Some others who might be considered Olympians, include: the Muses, the Graces, Iris, Dione, Eileithyia, the Horae, and Ganymede.[7]
Twelve gods[edit]
Besides the twelve Olympians, there were many other various cultic groupings of twelve gods throughout ancient Greece. The earliest evidence of Greek religious practice involving twelve gods (Greek: Δωδεκάθεον, Dodekatheon, from dōdeka, "twelve" and theoi, "gods") comes no earlier than the late sixth century BC.[8] According to Thucydides, an altar of the twelve gods was established in the agora of Athens by the archon Pisistratus (son of Hippias, and the grandson of the tyrant Pisistratus), in c. 522 BC.[9] The altar became the central point from which distances from Athens were measured and a place of supplication and refuge.[10]
Olympia apparently also had an early tradition of twelve gods.[11] The Homeric Hymn to Hermes (c. 500 BC) has the god Hermes divide a sacrifice of two cows he has stolen from Apollo, into twelve parts, on the banks of the river Alpheius (presumably at Olympia):
"Next glad-hearted Hermes dragged the rich meats he had prepared and put them on a smooth, flat stone, and divided them into twelve portions distributed by lot, making each portion wholly honorable."[12]
Pindar, in an ode written to be sung at Olympia c. 480 BC, has Heracles sacrificing, alongside the Alpheius, to the "twelve ruling gods":[13]
"He [Heracles] enclosed the Altis all around and marked it off in the open, and he made the encircling area a resting-place for feasting, honoring the stream of the Alpheus along with the twelve ruling gods."[14]
Another of Pindar's Olympian odes, mentions "six double altars".[15] Herodorus of Heraclea (c. 400 BC) also has Heracles founding a shrine at Olympia, with six pairs of gods, each pair sharing a single altar.[16]
Many other places had cults of the twelve gods, including Delos, Chalcedon, Magnesia on the Maeander, and Leontinoi in Sicily.[17] As with the twelve Olympians, although the number of gods was fixed at twelve, the membership varied.[18] While the majority of the gods included as members of these other cults of twelve gods were Olympians, non-Olympians were also sometimes included. For example, Herodorus of Heraclea identified the six pairs of gods at Olympia as: Zeus and Poseidon, Hera and Athena, Hermes and Apollo, the Graces and Dionysus, Artemis and Alpheus, and Cronus and Rhea.[19] Thus while this list includes the eight Olympians: Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Athena, Hermes, Apollo, Artemis, and Dionysus, it also contains three clear non-Olympians: the Titan parents of the first generation of Olympians, Cronus and Rhea, and the river god Alpheius, with the status of the Graces (here apparently counted as one god) being unclear.
Plato connected "twelve gods" with the twelve months, and implies that he considered Pluto one of the twelve in proposing that the final month be devoted to him and the spirits of the dead.[20]
The Roman poet Ennius gives the Roman equivalents (the Dii Consentes) as six male-female complements,[21] preserving the place of Vesta (Greek Hestia), who played a crucial role in Roman religion as a state goddess maintained by the Vestals.
List[edit]
There is no single canonical list of the twelve Olympian gods. The thirteen gods and goddesses most commonly considered to be one of the twelve Olympians are listed below.
Greek
Roman
Image
Functions and attributes
Zeus Jupiter King of the gods and ruler of Mount Olympus; god of the sky, lightning, thunder, law, order and justice. Youngest child of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. Symbols include the thunderbolt, eagle, oak tree, lion, scepter, and scales. Brother and husband of Hera, although he had many lovers, also brother of Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, and Hestia.
Hera Juno Queen of the gods and the goddess of marriage, women, childbirth and family. Symbols include the peacock, cuckoo, and cow. Youngest daughter of Cronus and Rhea. Wife and sister of Zeus. Being the goddess of marriage, she frequently tried to get revenge on Zeus' lovers and their children.
Poseidon Neptune God of the seas, water, storms, hurricanes, earthquakes and horses. Symbols include the horse, bull, dolphin, and trident. Middle son of Cronus and Rhea. Brother of Zeus and Hades. Married to the Nereid Amphitrite, although, like most male Greek gods, he had many lovers.
Demeter Ceres Goddess of the harvest, fertility, agriculture, nature and the seasons. Who presided over grains and the fertility of the earth. Symbols include the poppy, wheat, torch, cornucopia, and pig. Middle daughter of Cronus and Rhea. Also the lover of Zeus and Poseidon, and the mother of Persephone.
Athena Minerva Goddess of wisdom, knowledge, reason, intelligent activity, literature, handicrafts, science, defense and strategic warfare. Symbols include the owl and the olive tree. Daughter of Zeus and the Oceanid Metis, she rose from her father's head fully grown and in full battle armor.
Apollo/
Apollon[A] Apollo[A] God of light, the sun, prophecy, philosophy, truth, inspiration, poetry, music, arts, medicine, healing, and plague. Symbols include the sun, lyre, swan, and mouse. Son of Zeus and Leto, and twin brother of Artemis.
Artemis Diana Goddess of the hunt, the wilderness, virginity, the moon, archery, childbirth, protection and plaque. Symbols include the moon, horse, deer, hound, she-bear, snake, cypress tree, and bow and arrow. Daughter of Zeus and Leto and twin sister of Apollo.
Ares Mars God of war, violence, bloodshed and manly virtues. Symbols include the boar, serpent, dog, vulture, spear, and shield. Son of Zeus and Hera, all the other gods despised him. His Latin name, Mars, gave us the word "martial."
Aphrodite Venus Goddess of love, pleasure, passion, procreation, fertility, beauty and desire. Symbols include the dove, bird, apple, bee, swan, myrtle, and rose. Daughter of Zeus and the Oceanid Dione, or perhaps born from the sea foam after Uranus' semen dripped into the sea after being castrated by his youngest son, Cronus, who then threw his father's genitals into the sea. Married to Hephaestus, although she had many adulterous affairs, most notably with Ares. Her name gave us the word "aphrodisiac", while her Latin name, Venus, gave us the word "venereal".[B]
Hephaestus Vulcan Master blacksmith and craftsman of the gods; god of the forge, craftsmanship, invention, fire and volcanoes. Symbols include fire, anvil, axe, donkey, hammer, tongs, and quail. Son of Hera, either by Zeus or alone. Married to Aphrodite, though unlike most divine husbands, he was rarely ever licentious. His Latin name, Vulcan, gave us the word "volcano."
Hermes Mercury Messenger of the gods; god of travel, commerce, communication, borders, eloquence, diplomacy, thieves and games. Symbols include the caduceus (staff entwined with two snakes), winged sandals and cap, stork, and tortoise (whose shell he used to invent the lyre). Son of Zeus and the nymph Maia. The second-youngest Olympian, just older than Dionysus.
Most listings include either one or the other of the following deities as one of the twelve Olympians.
Greek
Roman
Image
Functions and attributes
Hestia Vesta Goddess of the hearth, fire and of the right ordering of domesticity and the family; she was born into the first Olympian generation and was one of the original twelve Olympians. Some lists of the Twelve Olympians omit her in favor of Dionysus, but the speculation that she gave her throne to him in order to keep the peace seems to be modern invention. She is the first child of Cronus and Rhea, eldest sister of Hades, Demeter, Poseidon, Hera, and Zeus.
Dionysus (or
Bacchus) Bacchus God of wine, the grape vine, fertility, festivity, ecstasy, madness and resurrection. Patron god of the art of theatre. Symbols include the grapevine, ivy, cup, tiger, panther, leopard, dolphin, goat, and pinecone. Son of Zeus and the mortal Theban princess Semele. Married to the Cretan princess Ariadne. The youngest Olympian god, as well as the only one to have a mortal mother.
Notes
^ Romans also associated Phoebus with Helios and the sun itself,[22][23] however, they also used the Greek name Apollon in a Latinized form Apollo.[24]
^ According to an alternate version of her birth, Aphrodite was born of Uranus, Zeus' grandfather, after Cronus threw his castrated genitals into the sea. This supports the etymology of her name, "foam-born". As such, Aphrodite would belong to the same generation as Cronus, Zeus' father, and would be Zeus' aunt. See the birth of Aphrodite
Genealogy[edit]
[hide]Major Olympians' family tree [25]
Uranus Gaia
Uranus' genitals Cronus Rhea
ZEUS HERA POSEIDON Hades DEMETER HESTIA
a [26]
b [27]
ARES HEPHAESTUS
Metis
ATHENA [28]
Leto
APOLLO ARTEMIS
Maia
HERMES
Semele
DIONYSUS
Dione
a [29] b [30]
APHRODITE
See also[edit]
Hellenismos portal
Dii Consentes, the Roman equivalent of the twelve Olympians
Family tree of the Greek gods
Interpretatio graeca, including a table of mythological equivalents
List of Greek mythological characters
Supreme Council of Ethnikoi Hellenes
Hellenismos
Olympia
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Walters Art Museum, accession number 23.40.
Jump up ^ Hansen, p. 250; Burkert, pp. 125 ff.; Dowden, p. 43; Chadwick, p. 85; Müller, pp. 419 ff.; Pache, pp. 308 ff.; Thomas, p. 12; Shapiro, p. 362; Long, pp. 140–141; Morford, p. 113; Hard p. 80.
Jump up ^ According to Homer, Aphrodite was the daughter of Zeus (Iliad 3.374, 20.105; Odyssey 8.308, 320) and Dione (Iliad 5.370–71), see Gantz, pp. 99–100. However, According to Hesiod, Theogony 183–200, Aphrodite was born from Uranus' severed genitals, see Gantz, pp. 99–100.
Jump up ^ Hansen, p. 250; Morford, p. 113; Hard p. 80.
Jump up ^ Ogden, pp. 2–3; Dowden, p. 43; Hansen, p. 250; Burkert, p. 125.
Jump up ^ Herodotus, 2.43–44.
Jump up ^ Just who might be called an Olympian is not entirely clear. For example Dowden, p. 43, describes Heracles, Hebe, the Muses, and the Graces as Olympians, and on p. 45, lists Iris, Dione, and Eileithyia among the Homeric Olympians, while Hansen, p. 250, describes Heracles, Hebe, the Horae, and Ganymede as notable residents of Olympus, but says these were not "ordinarily classified as Olympians".
Jump up ^ Dowden, p. 43; Rutherford, p. 43;.
Jump up ^ Rutherford, pp. 43–44; Thucydides, 6.54.6-7.
Jump up ^ Gadbery, p. 447.
Jump up ^ Dowden, p. 43; Rutherford, p. 44; Long, pp. 154–157.
Jump up ^ Homeric Hymn to Hermes, 128–129.
Jump up ^ Dowden, p. 43; Rutherford, p. 44; Long, pp. 59–60 (T 13 C), 154–155.
Jump up ^ Pindar, Olympian 10.49.
Jump up ^ Rutherford, p. 44; Long, pp. 58 (T 13 A), 154; Pindar, Olympian 5.5.
Jump up ^ Dowden, p. 43; Rutherford, p. 47; Long, pp. 58–59 (T 13 B), 154; FGrH 31 F34a-b.
Jump up ^ Rutherford, p. 45.
Jump up ^ Long, pp. 360–361, lists 54 Greek (and Roman) gods, including the thirteen Olympians mentioed above, who have been identified as members of one or more cultic groupings of twelve gods.
Jump up ^ Dowden, p. 43; Rutherford, p. 47; Hard, p. 81;Long, pp. 58–59 (T 13 B), 154; FGrH 31 F34a-b.
Jump up ^ Rutherford, pp. 45–46; Plato, The Laws 828 b-d
Jump up ^ "Greek mythology". Encyclopedia Americana. 13. 1993. p. 431.
Jump up ^ North John A., Beard Mary, Price Simon R.F. "The Religions of Imperial Rome". Classical Mythology in English Literature: A Critical Anthology. (Cambridge University Press, 1998), p.259. ISBN 0-521-31682-0.
Jump up ^ Hacklin, Joseph. "The Mythology of Persia". Asiatic Mythology (Asian Educational Services, 1994), p.38. ISBN 81-206-0920-4.
Jump up ^ See, for example, Ovid's Met. I 441, 473, II 454, 543, 598, 612, 641, XII 585, XVIII 174, 715, 631, and others.
Jump up ^ This chart is based upon Hesiod's Theogony, unless otherwise noted.
Jump up ^ According to Homer, Iliad 1.570–579, 14.338, Odyssey 8.312, Hephaestus was apparently the son of Hera and Zeus, see Gantz, p. 74.
Jump up ^ According to Hesiod, Theogony 927–929, Hephaestus was produced by Hera alone, with no father, see Gantz, p. 74.
Jump up ^ According to Hesiod, Theogony 886–890, of Zeus' children by his seven wives, Athena was the first to be conceived, but the last to be born; Zeus impregnated Metis then swallowed her, later Zeus himself gave birth to Athena "from his head", see Gantz, pp. 51–52, 83–84.
Jump up ^ According to Hesiod, Theogony 183–200, Aphrodite was born from Uranus' severed genitals, see Gantz, pp. 99–100.
Jump up ^ According to Homer, Aphrodite was the daughter of Zeus (Iliad 3.374, 20.105; Odyssey 8.308, 320) and Dione (Iliad 5.370–71), see Gantz, pp. 99–100.
References[edit]
Burkert, Walter, Greek Religion, Harvard University Press, 1985. ISBN 0-674-36281-0.
Chadwick, John, The Mycenaean World, Cambridge University Press, 1976. ISBN 9780521290371.
Dowden, Ken, "Olympian Gods, Olympian Pantheon", in A Companion to Greek Religion, Daniel Ogden editor, John Wiley & Sons, 2010. ISBN 9781444334173.
Gadbery, Laura M., "The Sanctuary of the Twelve Gods in the Athenian Agora: A Revised View", Hesperia 61 (1992), pp. 447–489.
Gantz, Timothy, Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-3 (Vol. 2).
Hansen, William, William F. Hansen, Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans, Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 9780195300352.
Hard, Robin, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004, ISBN 9780415186360. Google Books.
Herodotus; Histories, A. D. Godley (translator), Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1920; ISBN 0674991338. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Hesiod, Theogony, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Homer, The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Homer; The Odyssey with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, PH.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1919. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Homeric Hymn to Hermes (4), in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
Long, Charlotte R., The Twelve Gods of Greece and Rome, Brill Archive, Jan 1, 1987. Google Books
Morford, Mark P. O., Robert J. Lenardon, Classical Mythology, Eighth Edition, Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-530805-1.
Müller, Karl Otfried, Ancient Art and Its Remains: Or, A Manual of the Archaeology of Art, translated by John Leitch, B. Quaritch, 1852.
Ogden, Daniel "Introduction" to A Companion to Greek Religion, Daniel Ogden editor, John Wiley & Sons, 2010. ISBN 9781444334173.
Pache, Corinne Ondine, "Gods, Greek" in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, Volume 3, Oxford University Press. 2010. ISBN 9780195170726.
Pindar, Odes, Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990.
Plato, Laws in Plato in Twelve Volumes, Vols. 10 & 11 translated by R.G. Bury. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1967 & 1968. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
Rutherford, Ian, "Canonizing the Pantheon: the Dodekatheon in Greek Religion and its Origins" in The Gods of Ancient Greece: Identities and Transformations, editors Jan N. Bremmer, Andrew Erskine, Edinburgh University Press 2010. ISBN 978-0748637980. Online version
Shapiro, H. A., "Chapter 20: Olympian Gods at Home and Abroad" in A Companion to Greek Art, editors Tyler Jo Smith, Dimitris Plantzos, John Wiley & Sons, 2012. ISBN 9781118273371.
Thomas, Edmund, "From the pantheon of the gods to the Pantheon of Rome" in Pantheons: Transformations of a Monumental Idea, editors Richard Wrigley, Matthew Craske, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2004. ISBN 9780754608080.
Thucydides, Thucydides translated into English; with introduction, marginal analysis, notes, and indices. Volume 1., Benjamin Jowett. translator. Oxford. Clarendon Press. 1881. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
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The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the most recent season, see The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (season 7).
The Real Housewives of
Beverly Hills
Genre
Reality
Starring
Taylor Armstrong
Camille Grammer
Adrienne Maloof
Kim Richards
Kyle Richards
Lisa Vanderpump
Brandi Glanville
Yolanda Hadid
Carlton Gebbia
Joyce Giraud de Ohoven
Eileen Davidson
Lisa Rinna
Erika Girardi
Kathryn Edwards
Dorit Kemsley
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
7
No. of episodes
153 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Alex Baskin
Dave Rupel
Douglas Ross
Christopher Cullen
Toni Gallagher
Producer(s)
Christopher Cullen
Anthony McLemore
Ken Schoech
Kimberly Goodman
Juile Murphy
Sally-Anne King
Camera setup
Multiple
Running time
41–43 minutes
Production company(s)
Evolution Media
Distributor
NBCUniversal International Television Production
Release
Original network
Bravo
Picture format
NTSC (480i)
HDTV 1080i
Original release
October 14, 2010 (2010-10-14) – present (present)
Chronology
Preceded by
The Real Housewives of D.C.
Followed by
The Real Housewives of Miami
Related shows
Vanderpump Rules
Vanderpump Rules After Show
External links
Website
www.bravotv.com/the-real-housewives-of-beverly-hills
The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills (abbreviated RHOBH) is an American reality television series that premiered on October 14, 2010, on Bravo. The show was developed as the sixth installment of The Real Housewives franchise following The Real Housewives of Orange County, New York City, Atlanta, New Jersey, and D.C. It has aired seven seasons and focuses on the personal and professional lives of several women residing in Beverly Hills, California.[1]
The series originally focused on Taylor Armstrong, Camille Grammer, Adrienne Maloof, Kim Richards, Kyle Richards, and Lisa Vanderpump. The current lineup consists of Kyle Richards, Lisa Vanderpump, Lisa Rinna, Erika Girardi, and Dorit Kemsley. Of the original housewives, Grammer left after the second season, Armstrong and Maloof left after the third, and Kim Richards left after the fifth. The remaining housewives joined in later seasons: Rinna in the fifth, Girardi in the sixth, and Kemsley in the seventh. Other housewives include Brandi Glanville (seasons 3–5), Yolanda Hadid (seasons 3–6), Carlton Gebbia (season 4), Joyce Giraud de Ohoven (season 4), Eileen Davidson (seasons 5–7), and Kathryn Edwards (season 6).
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview and casting
1.1 Season 1–4
1.2 Season 5–present
1.3 Timeline of housewives
2 Episodes
3 References
4 External links
Overview and casting[edit]
Season 1–4[edit]
The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills was announced in March 2010 as the sixth installment in the network's The Real Housewives franchise.[2] The cast was announced on August 31, 2010, with former child actresses (and Paris Hilton's aunts[3]) Kim Richards and Kyle Richards, heiress/businesswoman Adrienne Maloof, restaurant owner/entrepreneur Lisa Vanderpump, actor Kelsey Grammer's former wife Camille Grammer, and (now widowed) investment banker's wife Taylor Armstrong.[4][5][6][7] The first season premiered on October 14, 2010, scoring over 1.5 million viewers[8] and the series' ratings continued to grow, attracting 3.7 million viewers between the 9 p.m. and 10 p.m. airings for the January 13, 2011 episode, making it the number one telecast among adults 18–49 versus all cable competition in the time slot.[9]
The January 20, 2011 finale became the highest-rated episode of the season with 4.2 million viewers, when combined with multiple evening reruns.[10] The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' first season ranked as the second highest rated first season series of the Real Housewives franchise ever in all demographics, averaging 2.42 million total viewers and 1.71 million adults 18–49.[11] The series also received a 2011 Critics Choice Award for best reality series.[11]
The series' second season renewal was announced in March 2011[12] and premiered on September 5, 2011.[11] The entire season one cast returned, and Brandi Glanville and Dana Wilkey were each introduced to the series as a friend of the housewives".[13][14] Grammer left the main cast after season two, and the second season was re-edited after the death of Taylor Armstrong's husband, Russell Armstrong, who committed suicide on August 15, 2011.[15][16]
The third-season premiere aired on November 5, 2012. Brandi Glanville was upgraded to main housewife, and Yolanda Foster (now Hadid) was added to the series. Marisa Zanuck was introduced as a friend of the housewives, and Camille Grammer held the same title.[17] Faye Resnick officially joined the show as a friend of the housewives mid-season.[18] Ratings for season 3 decreased from previous seasons. The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills hit a season high of 2.35 million viewers and a 1.1 rating (18–49 aged viewers) on November 26, 2012,[19] then plunged by 34% to a two-season low on March 11, 2013, with 1.56 million viewers and a 0.7 18–49 rating.[20]
The series was officially renewed for a fourth season on April 2, 2013.[21] Kyle Richards, Kim Richards, Brandi Glanville, Lisa Vanderpump, and Yolanda Foster all returned. Adrienne Maloof did not return for the fourth season, nor did she attend the season three reunion that was filmed March 1, 2013.[22] Camille Grammer and Faye Resnick did not appear at all.[23][24][25] Marisa Zanuck later revealed that producers did not ask her to return for the fourth season.[26] TMZ posted a video of musician Rod Stewart stating that his wife, Penny Lancaster, turned down an offer from Bravo to be a part of the cast for the fourth season. Speculation began in April 2013 that Lisa Rinna would be joining the series for the fourth season, but a representative for Bravo stated that — at the time — there was "no truth" to the story.[27][28] E! News confirmed that Carlton Gebbia and Joyce Giraud de Ohoven had joined the main cast, while Taylor Armstrong had been demoted to a guest role.[29] The fourth season premiered on November 4, 2013.[30]
Season 5–present[edit]
The fifth season renewal of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills was announced in April 2014.[31] On May 28, 2014, it was reported that both Joyce Giraud and Carlton Gebbia would not be returning for the upcoming season.[32] The fifth season began filming on June 20, 2014, with Lisa Vanderpump, Brandi Glanville, Kim and Kyle Richards, and Yolanda Foster returning.[33][34] By July 2014, it was reported that Rinna had signed on for the fifth season,[35][36][37][38] together with another Days of Our Lives alumna, Eileen Davidson.[39] In addition, original housewives Maloof, Grammer, and Armstrong returned to the series for multiple appearances.[40][41] The fifth season premiered on November 18, 2014.[42]
In June 2015, it was confirmed that both Kim Richards and Brandi Glanville would not return as housewives for the sixth season.[43][44][45] In August, E! News reported that singer Erika Girardi would be joining the series for the upcoming sixth season.[46] In November, it was officially confirmed that Erika Girardi and Kathryn Edwards would join the show as housewives; former cast members, including Kim Richards, Grammer, Armstrong, Resnick, Maloof, and Glanville would make guest appearances, alongside Bethenny Frankel from The Real Housewives of New York City.[47]
In April 2016, Bravo announced that the series was renewed for a seventh season.[48] On June 15, 2016, Hadid announced that she would not be returning to the show for season seven.[49] On July 7, 2016, Vanderpump confirmed that she would return for the show's seventh season while Edwards announced that she would be departing from the cast after one season.[50][51] In August 2016, Davidson confirmed she would return for her third consecutive season.[52] Also in August, Bravo officially confirmed the return of Vanderpump and Kyle Richards for season seven, while Richards revealed that filming for the season had begun by sharing footage of the camera crew in her kitchen.[53]
In September 2016, Eden Sassoon, daughter of hairstylist Vidal Sassoon, confirmed she was filming for the upcoming season, but at that time, her role had yet to be determined, while original cast member Grammer confirmed she was also filming for the new season, describing a party that was filmed in Malibu, which Kyle Richards, Girardi, and Davidson also attended.[54][55] Later in September, Vanderpump confirmed her close friend, Dorit Kemsley, had been filming for the seventh season, and that Glanville would not be making any appearances.[56] On September 19, 2016, during an interview with Access Hollywood, Kyle Richards confirmed that Eden Sassoon would appear in a recurring capacity. In the same interview, Rinna also confirmed Eden Sassoon's arrival to the series, as well as confirming her own return.[57]
On October 27, 2016, Bravo officially confirmed that the seventh season would feature six housewives; including the previously confirmed Vanderpump and Kyle Richards alongside newly confirmed Rinna.[58] In the following days, Bravo also confirmed Davidson and Girardi's return.[59][60] On November 1, 2016, Bravo announced that the seventh season would premiere on December 6, 2016, with Vanderpump, Kyle Richards, Davidson, Rinna, and Girardi returning full-time with new cast-member, Dorit Kemsley, along with Eden Sassoon in a recurring capacity. The release of the trailer for the seventh season confirmed that former cast-members, Grammer and Kim Richards would make guest appearances.[61][62]
In April 2017, the series was renewed for its eighth season.[63] On May 3, 2017, Eden Sassoon announced she would not return to the series for its eighth season.[64] In June 2017, Girardi announced her return to the series for her third consecutive season.[65] That same month, Davidson announced her departure from the series, citing her work schedules at The Young and the Restless and Days of Our Lives as to why it was best to "step away from being a housewife for now."[66]
Timeline of housewives[edit]
Housewives
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Kyle Richards Main
Lisa Vanderpump Main
Kim Richards Main Guest
Taylor Armstrong Main Guest
Adrienne Maloof Main Guest
Camille Grammer Main Friend Guest
Brandi Glanville Friend Main Guest
Yolanda Hadid Main
Carlton Gebbia Main
Joyce Giraud de Ohoven Main
Eileen Davidson Main
Lisa Rinna Guest Main
Erika Girardi Main
Kathryn Edwards Main
Dorit Kemsley Main
Friends of the housewives
Dana Wilkey Guest Friend Guest
Faye Resnick Guest Friend Guest
Marisa Zanuck Friend
Eden Sassoon Friend
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 17 October 14, 2010 February 15, 2011
2 24 September 5, 2011 February 16, 2012
3 22 November 5, 2012 April 8, 2013
4 23 November 4, 2013 April 7, 2014
5 23 November 18, 2014 April 21, 2015
6 24 December 1, 2015 May 10, 2016
7 21 December 6, 2016 April 25, 2017
References[edit]
Jump up ^ LaPorte, Nicole (December 15, 2010). "Real Housewives of Beverly Hills: 8 Secrets". The Daily Beast. Retrieved June 27, 2015. None of the Housewives technically live in Beverly Hills.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (March 10, 2010). "Bravo Adds Fifth Night Of Programming, Boosting Original Hours By 20%". TV by the Numbers (Press release). Retrieved August 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Paris Hilton turns up to support her aunts at Real Housewives of Beverly Hills premiere". The Daily Mail. October 12, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Bravo's "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills" Delivers a Wealth of Drama, Premiering Thursday, October 14, at 10pm ET/PT". The Futon Critic (Press release). August 31, 2013. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Fultz, Ashley (March 19, 2010). "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Cast Revealed!". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Weisman, Aly (March 26, 2010). "Real Housewives of Beverly Hills: Last Castmate Revealed!". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (August 31, 2010). "Bravo's 'The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' Premieres Thursday, October 14 @10pm". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (October 15, 2010). "Thursday Cable Ratings: Jersey Shore Still Down From Highs, But Still Highest + It's Always Sunny, The League, Project Runway + More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (January 14, 2011). "Bravo's The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Sets Records with Total Viewers". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (January 21, 2011). "Bravo's "The Real Housewives Of Beverly Hills" Breaks Records Again With 4.2 Million Total Viewers In Combined Prime Telecasts". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Glitz and Glamour Returns With Bravo's "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills" Season 2 Premiering Monday, September 5, at 9PM ET/PT". The Futon Critic (Press release). July 27, 2011. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (March 30, 2011). "Bravo Picks Up 11 New Series, And Increases Original Hours By 20%". TV by the Numbers (Press release). Retrieved August 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Nededog, Jethro (July 27, 2011). "'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' Gets a Premiere Date and Two 'Unofficial' New Cast Members". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Alison (July 27, 2011). "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills New Cast: Revealed!". People. Time Inc. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Dillon, Nancy (August 17, 2011). "Russell Armstrong, husband of 'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' star, autopsy results complete". New York Daily News. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Source: Bravo Will Delay Premiere of 'Real Housewives' in Wake of Armstrong Death". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. August 18, 2011. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Meet the New Housewives of Beverly Hills in Season 3 Sneak Peek!". Us Weekly. Wenner Media LLC. September 20, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Harper, Jen (September 21, 2012). "'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' Season 3 trailer brings the drama and the new ladies". Zap2it. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (February 28, 2013). "Monday Cable Ratings:Monday NIght Football Wins Night, 'Catfish', 'Teen Mom 2', 'WWE Raw' 'Pawn Stars', 'Basketball Wives', & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (March 12, 2013). "Monday Cable Ratings: 'Monday Night RAW' Wins Night + 'Teen Mom II', 'Pawn Stars', 'American Pickers', 'Lizard Lick Towing' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 2, 2013). "Bravo Greenlights 17 New and 18 Returning Unscripted Series". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Adrienne Maloof Skipping Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Reunion Taping". Us Weekly. Wenner Media LLC. March 1, 2013. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Heller, Jill (March 29, 2013). "Faye Resnick Reportedly Quitting 'Real Housewives' After Adrienne Maloof Announces Departure". International Business Times. IBT Media. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bricker, Tierney (March 4, 2013). "Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Shakeup: Camille Grammer and Adrienne Maloof Not Returning For Season 4". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Raha (January 3, 2013). "Camille Grammer Leaving Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". People. Time Inc. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Macatee, Rebecca (April 29, 2013). "Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Star Marisa Zanuck Leaving Show: "I Wasn't Asked Back"". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved May 29, 2013.
Jump up ^ Reiher, Andrea (April 20, 2013). "Lisa Rinna to 'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills'? A rep for Bravo says 'no truth' to the rumor". Zap2it. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Malcolm, Shawna (April 18, 2013). "Lisa Rinna Not Joining Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, Despite Reports". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ Jenna Mullins; Melanie Bromley (June 21, 2013). "Real Housewives of Beverly Hills: Carlton Gebbia And Joyce Giraud In, Taylor Armstrong Out?". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved June 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (September 18, 2013). "Bravo Sets November Premiere Dates for 'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills & Atlanta', 'Shahs of Sunset', 'Thicker Than Water' & More". TV by the Numbers (Press release).
Jump up ^ Ng, Philiana (April 8, 2014). "Bravo Developing Morgan Spurlock, Thom Beers Projects; Orders Real-Time Dating Series". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Bricker, Tierney (May 28, 2014). "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Casting Shakeup: Joyce Giraud and Carlton Gebbia Have Been Fired". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Huggins, Sarah (June 25, 2014). "'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills': Lisa Vanderpump confirms Season 5 return". Zap2it. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Madeline, Boardman (June 27, 2014). "Kyle Richards Officially Returning to Real Housewives of Beverly Hills, "Not Going to Miss" Carlton Gebbia". Us Weekly. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved June 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Dries, Kat (July 18, 2014). "Reports: Lisa Rinna to Join The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". Jezebel. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bricker, Tierney (July 14, 2014). "Lisa Rinna Is Joining The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sitzer, Carly (July 8, 2014). "Lisa Rinna Signs On For 'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' — And Brandi Glanville is Jealous!". In Touch Weekly. Bauer Media Group. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Nededog, Jethro (July 15, 2014). "'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' Adds Lisa Rinna to Cast". The Wrap. Retrieved July 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Marquina, Sierra (July 24, 2014). "Days of Our Lives Actress Eileen Davidson Joining The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". Us Weekly. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved July 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Julles, Anny (July 2, 2014). "Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Season 5 Cast Update: Adrienne Maloof, Camille Grammer Planning Return After Lisa Vanderpump News". Latin Post. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Huggins, Sarah (November 19, 2014). "Camille Grammer, Adrienne Maloof and Taylor Armstrong return to 'RHOBH' Season 5 and all is right in the world". Zap2it. Retrieved January 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Harnick, Chris (November 18, 2014). "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Returns with Reunions, Remorse and (Lisa) Rinna". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Us Weekly Staff (June 4, 2015). "Kim Richards Not Returning to Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". Us Weekly. Wenner Media LLC. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Takeda, Allison (June 24, 2015). "Brandi Glanville Confirms Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Exit: It's Been a "Roller Coaster"". Us Weekly. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brandi Glanville Speaks Out About Parting with #RHOBH". Bravo Media. NBCUniversal. June 24, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Nessif, Bruna (August 7, 2015). "Erika Jayne Joins the Cast of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved August 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Vena, Joceylyn (November 5, 2015). "Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Welcomes Two New 'Wives: Get a First Look at Season 6". Bravo Media. NBCUniversal. Retrieved November 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ge, Linda (April 27, 2016). "'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills,' 'Vanderpump Rules' Among Bravo Renewals". The Wrap. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Harnick, Chris (June 15, 2016). "Yolanda Hadid Leaving The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". E! News. United States: NBCUniversal. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'The Pump is still in the game': Lisa Vanderpump confirms she WILL return for 7th season of RHOBH". Daily Mail. July 7, 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Kathryn Edwards Will Not Be Returning to Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". People. July 7, 2016. Retrieved 7 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Fairman, Michael (August 12, 2016). "Eileen Davidson Dishes On The State Of Y&R's Ashley & Confirms Return To RHOBH For Season 7!". On-Air On-Soaps. United States: Michael Fairman Soaps, Inc. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Segura, Megan (August 26, 2016). "Kyle Richards and Lisa Vanderpump Start Filming Season 7 of RHOBH". Bravo. The Daily Dish. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Segura, Megan (September 1, 2016). "Meet Eden Sassoon, The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' Newest Addition". ET. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Bueno, Antoinette (September 9, 2016). "amille Grammer Confirms 'Real Housewives of Beverly Hills' Return: Our Show 'Never Lacks the Drama'". Entertainment Tonight Online. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sander, Brice (September 19, 2016). "Lisa Vanderpump Shuts Down the Idea of a Brandi Glanville 'Real Housewives' Return: 'Absolutely Not!'". ET Online. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'RHOBH': Kyle Richards & Lisa Rinna Discuss Eden Sassoon". Access Hollywood. September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Segura, Megan (October 27, 2016). "Find Out Who's Coming Back to The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills for Season 7". Bravo. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Segura, Megan (October 28, 2016). "See Who Else Is Coming Back for Season 7 of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". Bravo. Retrieved October 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ Segura, Megan (October 31, 2016). "Get Ready for Yet Another Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Season 7 Reveal". Bravo. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ Rosenfeld, Laura (November 1, 2016). "The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills Returns in December: Get Your First Look at the Luxe New Season". Bravo. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Harnick, Chris (November 1, 2016). "RHOBH's Explosive Trailer Is Full of New Faces and New Fights". E! Online. United States: NBCUniversal. Archived from the original on November 1, 2016. Retrieved November 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (April 27, 2017). "Bravo Renews Five ‘Real Housewives’ Series, ‘Vanderpump Rules,’ 12 More Shows". Variety. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bricker, Tierney (May 3, 2017). "Eden Sassoon Not Returning to RHOBH: #Grateful". E! Online. United States: NBCUniversal. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sander, Brice (June 7, 2017). "EXCLUSIVE: Erika Jayne Shares Health Update Following ‘DWTS’ Injury and Surgery, Confirms Her ‘RHOBH’ Return!". Entertainment Tonight. United States. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Eileen Davidson Off The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills". Soap Opera Digest. United States: American Media, Inc. Odyssey Magazine Publishing Group Inc. June 7, 2017. Retrieved June 7, 2017.
External links[edit]
Television in the United States portal
Official website
The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills on IMDb
The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills at TV Guide
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