text:
Government spending
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Public Purse" and "Public money" redirect here. For the term used in relation to the British monarchy, see Privy Purse. For the academic journal formerly called Public Money, see Public Money & Management.
Public finance
Policies[show]
Agricultural
Economic
Energy
Industrial
Investment
Social
Trade
Fiscal
Monetary
Policy mix
Fiscal policy[show]
Budget
policy
Debt
external
internal
Deficit / surplus
Finance ministry
Fiscal union
Revenue
Spending
deficit
Tax
Monetary policy[show]
Bank reserves
requirements
Discount window
Gold reserves
Interest rate
Monetary authority
central bank
currency board
Monetary base
Monetary (currency) union
Money supply
Trade policy[show]
Balance of trade
Free trade
Gains from trade
Non-tariff barrier
Protectionism
Tariff
Trade bloc
Trade creation
Trade diversion
Trade / commerce ministry
Revenue
Spending
[show]
Non-tax revenue
Tax revenue
Discretionary spending
Mandatory spending
Optimum[show]
Balanced budget
Economic growth
Price stability
Reform[show]
Fiscal adjustment
Monetary reform
v
t
e
Government spending or expenditure includes all government consumption, investment, and transfer payments.[1][2] In national income accounting the acquisition by governments of goods and services for current use, to directly satisfy the individual or collective needs of the community, is classed as government final consumption expenditure. Government acquisition of goods and services intended to create future benefits, such as infrastructure investment or research spending, is classed as government investment (government gross capital formation). These two types of government spending, on final consumption and on gross capital formation, together constitute one of the major components of gross domestic product.
Government spending can be financed by government borrowing, or taxes. Changes in government spending is a major component of fiscal policy used to stabilize the macroeconomic business cycle.
Contents
1 Macroeconomic fiscal policy
2 Current use: final consumption expenditure
3 National defense spending
4 Healthcare and medical research
5 Infrastructure and investment: gross fixed capital formation
6 Transfer payment spending
7 Per capita spending
8 As a percentage of GDP
9 Public social spending by country
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Macroeconomic fiscal policy[edit]
Main article: fiscal policy
The Market for Capital (the Loanable Funds Market) and the Crowding Out Effect. An increase in government deficit spending "crowds out" private investment by increasing interest rates and lowering the quantity of capital available to the private sector.
Government spending can be a useful economic policy tool for governments. Fiscal policy can be defined as the use of government spending and/or taxation as a mechanism to influence an economy.[3][4] There are two types of fiscal policy: expansionary fiscal policy, and contractionary fiscal policy. Expansionary fiscal policy is an increase in government spending or a decrease in taxation, while contractionary fiscal policy is a decrease in government spending or an increase in taxes. Expansionary fiscal policy can be used by governments to stimulate the economy during a recession. For example, an increase in government spending directly increases demand for goods and services, which can help increase output and employment. On the other hand, contractionary fiscal policy can be used by governments to cool down the economy during an economic boom. A decrease in government spending can help keep inflation in check.[3] During economic downturns, in the short run, government spending can be changed either via automatic stabilization or discretionary stabilization. Automatic stabilization is when existing policies automatically change government spending or taxes in response to economic changes, without the additional passage of laws.[5][3] A primary example of an automatic stabilizer is unemployment insurance, which provides financial assistance to unemployed workers. Discretionary stabilization is when a government takes actions to change government spending or taxes in direct response to changes in the economy. For instance, a government may decide to increase government spending as a result of a recession.[5] With discretionary stabilization, the government must pass a new law to make changes in government spending.[3]
John Maynard Keynes was one of the first economists to advocate for government deficit spending as part of the fiscal policy response to an economic contraction. According to Keynesian economics, increased government spending raises aggregate demand and increases consumption, which leads to increased production and faster recovery from recessions. Classical economists, on the other hand, believe that increased government spending exacerbates an economic contraction by shifting resources from the private sector, which they consider productive, to the public sector, which they consider unproductive.[6]
In economics, the potential "shifting" in resources from the private sector to the public sector as a result of an increase in government deficit spending is called Crowding Out.[3] The figure to the right depicts the Market for Capital, otherwise known as the Market for Loanable Funds. The downward sloping demand curve D1 represents demand for private capital by firms and investors, and the upward sloping supply curve S1 represents savings by private individuals. The initial equilibrium in this market is represented by point A, where the equilibrium quantity of capital is K1 and the equilibrium interest rate is R1. If the government increases deficit spending, it will borrow money from the private capital market and reduce the supply of savings to S2. The new equilibrium is at point B, where the interest rate has increased to R2 and the quantity of capital available to the private sector has decreased to K1. The government has essentially made borrowing more expensive and has taken away savings from the market, which "crowds out" some private investment. The crowding out of private investment could limit the economic growth from the initial increase government spending.[5][4]
Current use: final consumption expenditure[edit]
Main article: Government final consumption expenditure
Government acquisition of goods and services for current use to directly satisfy individual or collective needs of the members of the community is called government final consumption expenditure (GFCE.) It is a purchase from the national accounts "use of income account" for goods and services directly satisfying of individual needs (individual consumption) or collective needs of members of the community (collective consumption). GFCE consists of the value of the goods and services produced by the government itself other than own-account capital formation and sales and of purchases by the government of goods and services produced by market producers that are supplied to households – without any transformation – as "social transfers" in kind.[7]
National defense spending[edit]
See also: Military budget and List of countries by military expenditures
The United States spends vastly more than other countries on national defense. The table below shows the top 10 countries with largest military expenditures as of 2015, the most recent year with publicly available data. As the table suggests, the United States spent nearly 3 times as much on the military than China, the country with the next largest military spending. The U.S. military budget dwarfed spending by all other countries in the top 10, with 8 out of countries spending less than $100 billion in 2016.
List by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
2017 Fact Sheet (for 2016)[8]
SIPRI Military Expenditure Database[9]
Rank
Country
Spending
(US$ Bn.)
% of GDP
World total 1,686 2.2
01 United States 611.2 3.3
02 China, P.R.[10] 215.7 1.9
03 Russia 69.2 5.3
04 Saudi Arabia[10][11] 63.7 10
05 India 55.9 2.5
06 France 55.7 2.3
07 United Kingdom 48.3 1.8
08 Japan 46.1 1.0
09 Germany 41.1 1.2
10 South Korea 36.8 2.7
Healthcare and medical research[edit]
Research Australia[12] found 91% of Australians think ‘improving hospitals and the health system’ should be the Australian Government’s first spending priority.
Crowding 'in' also[13] happens in university life science research Subsidies, funding and government business or projects like this are often justified on the basis of their positive return on investment. Life science crowding in contrasts with crowding out in public funding of research more widely:[14] “10% increase in government R&D funding reduced private R&D expenditure by 3%...In Australia the average cost of public funds is estimated to be $1.20 and $1.30 for each dollar raised (Robson, 2005). The marginal cost is probably higher, but estimates differ widely depending on the tax that is increased.”
Infrastructure and investment: gross fixed capital formation[edit]
Main article: Gross fixed capital formation
Further information: Investment § In economics or macroeconomics
Government acquisition intended to create future benefits, such as infrastructure investment or research spending, is called gross fixed capital formation, or government investment, which usually is the largest part of the government.[15] Acquisition of goods and services is made through production by the government (using the government's labour force, fixed assets and purchased goods and services for intermediate consumption) or through purchases of goods and services from market producers. In economic theory or in macroeconomics, investment is the amount purchased per unit of time of goods which are not consumed but are to be used for future production (i.e. capital). Examples include railroad or factory construction.
Infrastructure spending is considered government investment because it will usually save money in the long run, and thereby reduce the net present value of government liabilities.
Spending on physical infrastructure in the U.S. returns an average of about $1.92 for each $1.00 spent on nonresidential construction because it is almost always less expensive to maintain than repair or replace once it has become unusable.[16]
Likewise, government spending on social infrastructure, such as preventative health care, can save several hundreds of billions of dollars per year in the U.S., because for example cancer patients are more likely to be diagnosed at Stage I where curative treatment is typically a few outpatient visits, instead of at Stage III or later in an emergency room where treatment can involve years of hospitalization and is often terminal.[17]
Transfer payment spending[edit]
Main article: Transfer payment
Government expenditures that are not acquisition of goods and services, and which represent transfers of money such as social security payments, are called transfer payments. These payments are considered to be non-exhaustive[jargon] because they do not directly absorb resources or create output. In other words, transfers are made without an exchange of goods or services.[18] Examples of certain transfer payments include welfare (financial aid), social security, and government giving subsidies to certain businesses (firms).
Per capita spending[edit]
In 2010 national governments spent an average of $2,376 per person, while the average for the world's 20 largest economies (in terms of GDP) was $16,110 per person. Norway and Sweden expended the most at $40,908 and $26,760 per capita respectively. The federal government of the United States spent $11,041 per person. Other large economy country spending figures include South Korea ($4,557), Brazil ($2,813), Russia ($2,458), China ($1,010), and India ($226).[19] The figures below of 42% of GDP spending and a GDP per capita of $54,629 for the U.S. indicate a total per person spending including national, state, and local governments was $22,726 in the U.S.
As a percentage of GDP[edit]
Tax Burden as a Percentage of GDP (2014 Index of Economic Freedom).[20]
Public spending / GDP in Europe.
Legend: maroon > 55%, red 50–55%, orange 45–50%, yellow 40–45%, green 35–40%, blue 30–35%
This is a list of countries by government spending as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) for the listed countries, according to the 2014 Index of Economic Freedom[20] by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal. Tax revenue is included for comparison.
List of Countries as a % of GDP.
Country
Tax burden % GDP
Govt. expend. % GDP
Afghanistan 9 23
Albania 23 28
Algeria 10 40
Angola 6 39
Argentina 35 41
Armenia 17 25
Australia 26 35
Austria 42 51
Azerbaijan 13 34
Bahamas 16 23
Bahrain 3 31
Bangladesh 10 16
Barbados 27 41
Belarus 25 36
Belgium 44 53
Belize 23 29
Benin 16 22
Bhutan 14 38
Bolivia 22 35
Bosnia and Herzegovina 39 49
Botswana 28 32
Brazil 35 39
Bulgaria 26 34
Burkina Faso 14 24
Burma 4 19
Burundi 14 40
Cambodia 11 20
Cameroon 11 22
Canada 31 42
Cape Verde 20 32
Central African Republic 9 16
Chad 5 26
Chile 19 23
China 19 24
Colombia 15 29
Comoros 12 22
Democratic Republic of the Congo 24 29
Congo 8 26
Costa Rica 22 18
Ivory Coast 13 26
Croatia 33 43
Cuba 24 67
Cyprus 27 46
Czech Republic 35 43
Denmark 48 58
Djibouti 20 35
Dominica 24 36
Dominican Republic 13 16
Ecuador 18 44
Egypt 14 32
El Salvador 15 22
Equatorial Guinea 2 35
Eritrea 50 34
Estonia 33 38
Ethiopia 11 18
Fiji 23 28
Finland 43 55
France 44 56
Gabon 10 25
Gambia 13 26
Georgia 25 32
Germany 37 45
Ghana 15 24
Greece 31 52
Guatemala 11 15
Guinea 16 22
Guinea-Bissau 9 21
Guyana 21 31
Haiti 13 34
Honduras 16 26
Hong Kong 14 19
Hungary 36 49
Iceland 36 47
India 7 27
Indonesia 12 19
Iran 9 22
Iraq 2 45
Ireland 28 48
Israel 33 45
Italy 43 50
Jamaica 23 32
Japan 28 42
Jordan 14 33
Kazakhstan 15 22
Kenya 20 29
Kiribati 20 92
North Korea N/A N/A
South Korea 26 30
Kuwait 1 39
Kyrgyzstan 19 36
Laos 14 21
Latvia 27 39
Lebanon 17 30
Lesotho 38 63
Liberia 20 31
Libya 1 67
Liechtenstein N/A N/A
Lithuania 16 38
Luxembourg 37 42
Macau 35 17
Macedonia 26 31
Madagascar 11 16
Malawi 20 35
Malaysia 15 29
Maldives 16 43
Mali 14 25
Malta 34 42
Mauritania 18 28
Mauritius 18 25
Mexico 11 27
F.S. Micronesia 12 65
Moldova 31 39
Mongolia 33 45
Montenegro 24 44
Morocco 23 35
Mozambique 20 34
Namibia 28 37
Nepal 13 19
Netherlands 39 50
New Zealand 32 48
Nicaragua 18 26
Niger 14 20
Nigeria 5 29
Norway 43 44
Oman 2 38
Pakistan 9 20
Panama 18 27
Papua New Guinea 26 29
Paraguay 13 19
Peru 17 19
Philippines 12 16
Poland 32 44
Portugal 31 49
Qatar 3 31
Romania 28 37
Russia 30 36
Rwanda 13 27
Saint Lucia 25 35
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 22 30
Samoa 23 44
São Tomé and Príncipe 17 49
Saudi Arabia 4 35
Senegal 19 29
Serbia 35 45
Seychelles 32 36
Sierra Leone 12 22
Singapore 14 17
Slovakia 29 38
Slovenia 37 51
Solomon Islands 37 51
South Africa 27 32
Spain 32 45
Sri Lanka 12 21
Sudan 7 18
Suriname 19 27
Swaziland 23 31
Sweden 45 51
Switzerland 29 34
Syria 10 N/A
Taiwan 9 23
Tajikistan 20 27
Tanzania 15 27
Thailand 16 23
Timor-Leste 61.5 51.2
Togo 17 24
Tonga 18 29
Trinidad and Tobago 17 35
Tunisia 21 35
Turkey 25 35
Turkmenistan 18 15
Uganda 17 21
Ukraine 38 46
United Arab Emirates 6 24
United Kingdom 36 49
United States 25.1 41.6
Uruguay 27 33
Uzbekistan 20 31
Vanuatu 16 25
Venezuela 13 40
Vietnam 21 31
Yemen 5 29
Zambia 19 24
Zimbabwe 30 35
Somalia N/A N/A
Brunei 24 34
Public social spending by country[edit]
Government Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP (2014 Index of Economic Freedom).[20]
Public social spending comprises cash benefits, direct in-kind provision of goods and services, and tax breaks with social purposes provided by general government (that is central, state, and local governments, including social security funds).[21]
2015 Public social spending, OECD[21]
Country
Public social spending
% of GDP
France 31.7
Finland 30.6
Belgium 29.2
Italy 28.9
Denmark 28.8
Austria 28.0
Sweden 26.7
Greece 26.4
Spain 25.4
Germany 25.0
Portugal 24.1
Norway 23.9
Slovenia 22.4
Netherlands 22.3
Luxembourg 22.2
Great Britain 21.5
OECD 21.0
Hungary 20.7
New Zealand 19.7
Switzerland 19.6
Czech Republic 19.5
Poland 19.4
Slovakia 19.4
United States 19.0
Australia 18.8
Canada 17.2
Estonia 17.0
Ireland 17.0
Israel 16.0
Iceland 15.7
Latvia 14.4
Chile 11.2
South Korea 10.1
See also[edit]
Rahn curve
Government operations
Public expenditure
Public finance
Government budget
Government waste
Fiscal policy
Tax
Mandatory spending
Taxpayers unions
Eurostat
Government spending in the United Kingdom
Government spending in the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions: BEA seems to have several different measures of government spending. What are they for and what do they measure?". Bureau of Economic Analysis. 28 May 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Robert Barro and Vittorio Grilli (1994), European Macroeconomics, Ch. 15–16. Macmillan, ISBN 0-333-57764-7.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Taylor, Timothy, (2017). Principles of Macroeconomics: Economics and the Economy (Fourth ed.). Minneapolis: Textbook Media Press. pp. 366–340. ISBN 9780996996334. OCLC 1001342630.
^ Jump up to: a b Gregory, Mankiw (2014). Principles of Economics (Seventh ed.). Stamford, CT: Southwestern Publishing Group. ISBN 9781285165875. OCLC 884664951.
^ Jump up to: a b c Jonathan, Gruber. Public Finance and Public Policy (Fifth ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. ISBN 9781464143335. OCLC 914290290.
Jump up ^ Irvin, Tucker (2012). Macroeconomics for Today (8th ed.). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. ISBN 9781133435051. OCLC 830731890.
Jump up ^ F. Lequiller, D. Blades: Understanding National Accounts, Paris: OECD 2006, pp. 127–30
Jump up ^ "Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2016" (PDF). Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Data for all countries from 1988–2016 in constant (2015) USD (pdf)" (PDF). SIPRI. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b SIPRI estimate.
Jump up ^ The figures for Saudi Arabia include expenditure for public order and safety and might be slightly overestimated.
Jump up ^ "Research Australia". crm.researchaustralia.org.
Jump up ^ http://www.nber.org/papers/w15146.pdf
Jump up ^ "Do innovation programs actually increase innovation?". robwiblin.com. 24 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Gross capital formation" Statistics Explained European Union Statistics Directorate, European Commission
Jump up ^ Cohen, Isabelle; Freiling, Thomas; Robinson, Eric (January 2012). The Economic Impact and Financing of Infrastructure Spending (PDF) (report). Williamsburg, Virginia: Thomas Jefferson Program in Public Policy, College of William & Mary. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2012. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Hogg, W.; Baskerville, N.; Lemelin, J. (2005). "Cost savings associated with improving appropriate and reducing inappropriate preventive care: Cost-consequences analysis" (PDF). BMC Health Services Research. 5 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-5-20. PMC 1079830. PMID 15755330.
Jump up ^ Bishop, Matthew (2012). "Economics AZ– terms beginning with T;transfer". The Economist. Retrieved 11 July 2012. Payments that are made without any good or service being received in return. Much PUBLIC SPENDING goes on transfers, such as pensions and WELFARE benefits. Private-sector transfers include charitable donations and prizes to lottery winners.
Jump up ^ CIA World Factbook, population data from 2010, Spending and GDP data from 2011. Note: these numbers do not include U.S. state and local government spending which when included bring the per capita spending to $16,755
^ Jump up to: a b c "Economic Data and Statistics on World Economy and Economic Freedom". www.heritage.org.
^ Jump up to: a b "Social spending Public, % of GDP, 2015". OECD. OECD data
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Government Spending.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Public expenditure.
OECD Government spending statistics
Canadian Governments Compared
Eurostat's government spending per sector
Authority control
GND: 4043136-8
NDL: 00566500
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_spending&oldid=864545754"
Categories:
Government spending
Government finances
Fiscal policy
Hidden categories:
All articles that are too technical
Wikipedia articles that are too technical from May 2014
All articles needing expert attention
Articles needing expert attention from May 2014
Use dmy dates from September 2011
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Čeština
Deutsch
فارسی
मराठी
Nederlands
日本語
ភាសាខ្មែរ
Polski
Русский
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
4 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 17 October 2018, at 22:32 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values: Detail from the mural "Government" by Elihu Vedder in the Library of Congress

attrs: class id href

values: NavToggle NavToggle1 #

values:
/wiki/Trade_policy
mw-redirect
Trade policy

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values:
/wiki/Government_budget_deficit
mw-redirect
Government budget deficit

values:
/wiki/Gold_reserves
mw-redirect
Gold reserves

values:
/wiki/Non-tariff_barrier
mw-redirect
Non-tariff barrier

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/National_income_accounting
mw-redirect
National income accounting

values: Government final consumption expenditure

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: Edit section: Macroeconomic fiscal policy

values:
/wiki/Unemployment_Insurance
mw-redirect
Unemployment Insurance

values:
/wiki/Classical_economists
mw-redirect
Classical economists

values:
/wiki/Supply_curve
mw-redirect
Supply curve

values: Edit section: Current use: final consumption expenditure

values: List of countries by military expenditures

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Saudi_Arabia
mw-redirect
Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia

values:
wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter
margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto

values: Edit section: Healthcare and medical research

values: Edit section: Infrastructure and investment: gross fixed capital formation

values:
/wiki/Economic_theory
mw-redirect
Economic theory

values:
/wiki/Good_(economics_and_accounting)
mw-redirect
Good (economics and accounting)

values:
/wiki/Physical_infrastructure
mw-redirect
Physical infrastructure

values:
/wiki/Preventative_health_care
mw-redirect
Preventative health care

values:
/wiki/Emergency_room
mw-redirect
Emergency room

values: The material near this tag may be using jargon that limits the article's accessibility. (May 2014)

values:
/wiki/Welfare_(financial_aid)
mw-redirect
Welfare (financial aid)

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values: Edit section: Public social spending by country

values: Government spending in the United Kingdom

values: Government spending in the United States

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1001342630

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/884664951

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/884664951

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/914290290

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/914290290

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/830731890

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/830731890

values:
nofollow
external free
http://www.nber.org/papers/w15146.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1186%2F1472-6963-5-20

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15755330

values:
nofollow
external text
https://data.oecd.org/chart/4Tcd

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4043136-8

values: Category:All articles that are too technical

values: Category:Wikipedia articles that are too technical from May 2014

values: Category:All articles needing expert attention

values: Category:Articles needing expert attention from May 2014

values: Category:Use dmy dates from September 2011

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Government_spending
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: إنفاق حكومي – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: هزینه دولت – Persian

values: सार्वजनिक गुंतवणूक – Marathi

values: ចំណាយរដ្ឋាភិបាល – Khmer

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-km
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Государственные расходы – Russian

values: Державні видатки – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: حکومتی اخراجات – Urdu

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Government_spending rootpage-Government_spending skin-vector action-view


text:
Khutbah
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Part of a series on
Islam
Beliefs[show]
Oneness of God
Prophets
Revealed books
Angels
Predestination
Day of Resurrection
Practices[show]
Profession of faith
Prayer
Fasting
Alms-giving
Pilgrimage
Texts and laws[show]
Quran
Tafsir
Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah)
Sharia (law)
Fiqh (jurisprudence)
Kalam (dialectic)
History[show]
Timeline
Muhammad
Ahl al-Bayt
Sahabah
Rashidun
Imamate
Caliphate
Spread of Islam
Culture and society[show]
Calendar
Festivals
Academics
Art
Moral teachings
Children
Denominations
Feminism
Women
Madrasa
Mosque
Philosophy
Politics
Proselytizing
Animals
LGBT
Science
Demographics
Economics
Finance
Social welfare
Related topics[show]
Criticism of Islam
Islam and other religions
Islamism
Islamophobia
Glossary
Islam portal
v
t
e
Khutbah (Arabic: خطبة khuṭbah, Turkish: hutbe) serves as the primary formal occasion for public preaching in the Islamic tradition.
Such sermons occur regularly, as prescribed by the teachings of all legal schools. The Islamic tradition can be formally at the dhuhr (noon) congregation prayer on Friday. In addition, similar sermons are called for on the two festival days.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins and definition
2 Delivery
3 Activities prohibited during the Khutbah
4 Friday
5 Special occasions
6 Sovereign's name
7 Khutbah and the Ministries of Islamic Affairs in modern states
8 Related concept
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Origins and definition[edit]
Religious narration (including sermons) may be pronounced in a variety of settings and at various times. The khutbah, however, refers to khutbat al-jum'a, usually meaning the address delivered in the mosque at weekly (usually Friday) and annual rituals. Other religious oratory and occasions of preaching are described as dars (a lesson) or waz (an admonition), and their formats differ accordingly.[1]
The khutbah originates from the practice of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, who used to deliver words of exhortation, instruction, or command at gatherings for worship in the mosque, which consisted of the courtyard of his house in Medina. Though khutba isn't mentioned directly in the Qur'an, one passage uses the word "khutubah" when referring to Qit'aal. (Al-Baqara:216)
After the conquest of Mecca, Muhammad presented himself as a khatib to the city in AD 630. The first four caliphs, and the Ummayads caliphs and provincial governors all delivered sermons. There were not necessarily exhortatory, but addressed practical questions of government and sometimes even included direct orders. Under the Abbasids, the caliph himself no longer preached, but assigned the task to the religious judges. The Abbasids insisted they were clearing Islam of the secularism of the Umayads, and this probably helped in strengthening the religious aspect of the sermon.[2]
Delivery[edit]
At the beginning of the service the adhan is given, during which the khatib (the individual who delivers the khutbah) remains sitting. The iqama is given when the khatib descends. The sermon is delivered in two parts. Both parts are delivered while khatib is standing and punctuated by a pause in between them when the khatib sits down. During the sermon itself, it is obligatory to pronounce the following:[3]
the hamdala, or an expression to praise God and show gratitude towards him; saying al-hamdu li'llāh "Praise belongs to Allāh" at the beginning of the sermon is usually sufficient,[4]
the salawaat, or invocations of peace and blessings on Muhammad,
recitation of a part of the Qur'an in the first part of the sermon or, according to some doctrines, in both,
admonitions to piety in both parts of the sermon,
and dua (prayer) on behalf of the faithful.
“ Make your salat (prayer) long and your khutba (sermon) short. ”
— Islamic prophet Muhammad[5]
The khatib must be in a state of ritual purity; his dress must be in accord with the prescriptions. It is commendable for the khatib to be on a pulpit or an elevated place; to salute the congregation when directing himself towards them; to sit down until the adhan is pronounced by the muezzin; and to direct himself straightway to his audience. Finally the khatib should make the sermon short.[3]
In medieval Islam, sermons were generally delivered in classical Arabic. This linguistic requirement that required substantial training on the part of the khatib, and a notable degree of education on the part of listeners, especially non-Arab Muslims. This expectation contributed to the growth of a literary genre consisting of model sermons, such as those by the renowned ibn Nubata (d. 984). Later on, however, preaching in colloquial languages, while often retaining certain Arabic expressions, has become increasingly common.[1]
Activities prohibited during the Khutbah[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Talking
Offering Sunnat and Nafl salaat (permissible)[clarification needed]
Eating and drinking
Reciting the Quran Shareef
Friday[edit]
Worshipers listening to a sermon at the National Mosque of Malaysia
One of the conditions for the validity of the Friday service is that it must be preceded by two sermons. The sermons are delivered when the number of auditors required for a valid j̲umu‘a are present.[clarification needed][3]
Traditionally, as instructed in classical Islamic legal treatises, Friday congregational prayers in which sermons were delivered were restricted to urban centers and normally to one major mosque in each city. Such a mosque is referred to as a masjid jami‘, that is, a "Friday Mosque" (or a "cathedral mosque"). These mosques were distinguished by their central location, large dimensions, monumental architecture, symbolic furnishings indicative of its exalted stature, and, the most demonstrative of all, the minbar (ritual pulpit).[1]
In contemporary times, Friday congregational prayers with sermons are common in mosques of all sizes and conditions, and not just restricted to a few central locations. sermons are also dispensed through newspapers and broadcast on radio and television.[1]
Special occasions[edit]
Muslim males can be seen attending Khutbah as part of the Eid-ul-Adha prayers. Photo taken at Barashalghar union of Comilla's Debidwar upazila.
Sermons on special occasions generally contain features that are relevant to the celebrations (e.g. Eid) or the natural phenomena for which they are delivered (e.g. Kusuf and Khusuf). For instance, on Eid al-Fitr, the preacher has a duty to instruct the faithful congregation concerning the zakat, or almsgiving. On Eid al-Adha the preacher includes remarks specifying the rules for the sacrifice.[1]
There is a slight difference in the sermon delivered on Eid ul-Fitr. The sermon's first part must open with nine takbirs, the second part with seven. The sermon may also be pronounced while sitting. Regarding the sermons delivered during an eclipse or excessive drought, classical texts advise that such sermons must admonish the audience and ask God's forgiveness. Usually the verse 9 of Sūra LXVI is also recited and a special prayer called "Muḥammad's du'a"ʾ is said.[3]
Sovereign's name[edit]
In the pre-modern Middle East, the mention of a ruler's name in the sermon was one of the two prerogatives of sovereignty (the other being the right to mint coins). Mentioning meant accepting the sovereignty and suzerainty of a ruler, and it is considered the principle criterion of sovereignty for an Islamic ruler.[6] Omitting the name of a ruler from the sermon was like publicly declaring independence. This prerogative of sovereignty was introduced by Islam. It was not present in the pre-Islamic era. In addition, the sermon, a major vehicle of communication, also announced the deposition of a ruler, the accession of a ruler, nomination of an heir, and the beginning and end of a war.[7]
The sovereign's name was also declared in khutbas during the Mughal rule; Babur was styled 'Zahir-ud-Din Bábar Muhammad' during Friday khutbas.[8] Sher Khan, an adversary of the Mughal emperor Humayun, was content if Bengal was given to him in return of the emperor retaining his right to mint coins and proclaim the khutba in the emperor's name, and thereby becoming the "emperor's vassal".[9]
Khutbah and the Ministries of Islamic Affairs in modern states[edit]
In a number of countries like Turkey, the Gulf States, Saudi Arabia etc. there is a central religious authority supervised by the government which issues a weekly sermon to be read in all mosques under its jurisdiction. In Turkey the sermons are prepared by the Diyanet, in Saudi Arabia by the Ministry for Islamic Affairs. In Egypt a similar proposal is currently being discussed. [10] It is one way the governments and religious authorities try to prevent - often with little success - sectarian teaching.
Related concept[edit]
Abu-al-Faraj ibn Al-Jawzi writes in his Ru'ūs al-Qawārīr of a similar concept also called khutbah. Also referred to by the same name as the sermon, this concept was different. Its primary purpose was not to admonish, instruct or reprove, but rather to exalt and praise God. It invited others to worship and celebrate God's greatness. Ibn al-Jawzi employed a variety of metaphors and alluded to nature frequently.[11]
See also[edit]
Nahj al Balagha
Qur'an reading
Sermon, Christian analogue
The sermon for Necessities- a popular sermon in the Islamic world, particularly as the introduction to a khutbah during Jumu'ah.
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Khutba", Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World
Jump up ^ "Khutba", Students' Britannica India, p.236
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Khutba", Encyclopaedia of Islam
Jump up ^ "Ḥamdala", Encyclopaedia of Islam
Jump up ^ Muslim , Ḏj̲umʿa, tr. 47, quoted in "Ḵh̲uṭba", Encyclopaedia of Islam
Jump up ^ Lakeland, Fatima Mernissi ; translated by Mary Jo (1993). The forgotten queens of Islam ([Nachdr.] ed.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 71. ISBN 0-8166-2439-9.
Jump up ^ Lewis p. 82-5
Jump up ^ Tarikh-i-Rashidi: A History of the Moghuls of Central Asia. Elias and Denison Ross (ed. and trans.). 1972 [1898]. ISBN 0-7007-0021-8. Full text at Google Books
Jump up ^ Sharma, S.R. (1999). Mughal empire in India : a systematic study including source material (Rev. ed.). New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. ISBN 81-7156-820-3.
Jump up ^ Egypt's new plan: 1 weekly sermon for over 80 million Muslims http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/egypt-unified-text-friday-sermon-criticism-mosques.html#ixzz4F2K6JT9k
Jump up ^ Hovannisian, p. 41-3
References[edit]
Gaffney, Patrick D. "Khutba." Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Edited by Martin, Richard C. Macmillan Reference, 2004. vol. 1 p. 394. 20 April 2008
Hoiberg, Dale; Ramchandani, Indu. Student's Britannica India. Popular Prakashan, 2000.
Hovannisian, Richard G; Sabagh, Georges. Religion and Culture in Medieval Islam. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Jones, Linda, Preaching and Sermons, in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014, Vol. II, pp. 478–482. ISBN 1610691776
Lewis, Bernard. From Babel to Dragomans: Interpreting the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2004.
Wensinck, A.J. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. 20 April 2008
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Khutbah.
[hide]
v
t
e
Salah (Islamic prayer)
Types of prayers (salat)
Mandatory daily prayers
Fajr
Zuhr
Asr
Maghrib
Isha
Witr (for Hanafis)
Jumu'ah (Friday prayer)
Communal mandatory
Salat al-Janazah
prayers for the absent
Congregational prayers
Jumu'ah
Tarawih
Supererogatory prayers
Sunnah salah
Nafl salah
Witr
Duha
Tahajjud
Special-purpose prayers
Salat al-Istikharah
Salat al-Eid
Prayer unit (raka'ah) and
components of prayer unit
Basmala
Glorifying Allah (Takbir)
Standing in salat
Sitting in salat
Recitation of Quran (Tajweed)
Bowing (Ruku)
Prostrating (Sajdah)
Tashahhud
Taslim
Sujud Sahwi
Mosque
Mihrab
Podium (Minbar)
Sermon (Khutbah)
Musalla
Prayer rug
Conditions
Call to prayer (Adhan
Iqama)
Salat times
Qibla
Ablution (Wudu)
Dry ablution (Tayammum)
Full ablution (Ghusl)
Screen or barrier (Sutrah)
Category
Authority control
GND: 4148025-9
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Khutbah&oldid=823077779"
Categories:
Arabic words and phrases
Islamic terminology
Salat
Islamic sermons
Salah terminology
Hidden categories:
Articles containing Turkish-language text
Articles needing additional references from December 2014
All articles needing additional references
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2014
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2010
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Български
Català
Čeština
Cymraeg
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Français
Հայերեն
Italiano
עברית
Македонски
മലയാളം
Nederlands
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Shqip
Simple English
Svenska
Татарча/tatarça
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 January 2018, at 03:09.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href title

value: td

value: tr

value: th

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

values: NavToggle NavToggle1 #

attrs: class style

value: small

values:
/wiki/Islamic_view_of_angels
mw-redirect
Islamic view of angels

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values:
/wiki/Imamah_(Shia_doctrine)
mw-redirect
Imamah (Shia doctrine)

values:
/wiki/Muslim_holidays
mw-redirect
Muslim holidays

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.1em;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.5em;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;

values:
/wiki/Arabic_language
mw-redirect
Arabic language

values:
/wiki/Prophets_of_Islam
mw-redirect
Prophets of Islam

values:
/wiki/Mosque_of_the_Prophet
mw-redirect
Mosque of the Prophet

values: color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3.3em; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; padding:4px 2px 2px; width:0.5em; line-height: 1em;

values: color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3.3em; font-family:'Times New Roman',serif; font-weight:bold; padding:4px 2px 2px; text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom; width:0.5em; line-height: 1em;

values: padding-top:10px; font-size:smaller; line-height:1em; text-align:right;

values: border-collapse:collapse; border-style:none; float:right; margin:0.5em 0.75em; width:33%;

values:
/wiki/Islamic_cleanliness
mw-redirect
Islamic cleanliness

values:
/wiki/As-Salamu_Alaykum
mw-redirect
As-Salamu Alaykum

values: Edit section: Activities prohibited during the Khutbah

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values: how can it be both prohibited and permissible? (December 2014)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2010)

values:
/wiki/Debidwar_upazila
mw-redirect
Debidwar upazila

values:
/wiki/Sunnah_salat
mw-redirect
Sunnah salat

values:
/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr
mw-redirect
Eid ul-Fitr

values:
/wiki/Mint_(coin)
mw-redirect
Mint (coin)

values:
/wiki/Sher_Afghan_Quli_Khan
mw-redirect
Sher Afghan Quli Khan

values: Edit section: Khutbah and the Ministries of Islamic Affairs in modern states

values:
/wiki/Abu-al-Faraj_ibn_Al-Jawzi
mw-redirect
Abu-al-Faraj ibn Al-Jawzi

values:
/wiki/Nahj_al_Balagha
mw-redirect
Nahj al Balagha

values:
/wiki/Qur%27an_reading
mw-redirect
Qur'an reading

values:
navbox-image
4
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4148025-9

values: Category:Articles containing Turkish-language text

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2014

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2014

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2010

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Khutbah
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Khutbah&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: خطبة الجمعة – Arabic

values: খুতবা – Bangla

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khutba
Khutba – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chutba
Chutba – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khutba
Khutba – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chutba
Chutba – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jutba
Jutba – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khutba
Khutba – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khutbah
Khutbah – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khutba
Khutba – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chutba
Chutba – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khutba
Khutba – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hytbe
Hytbe – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khutba
Khutba – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values: Хөтбә – Tatar

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutbe
Hutbe – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Khutbah rootpage-Khutbah skin-vector action-view


text:
The Secret Life of the American Teenager
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Secret Life of the American Teenager
Also known as
Secret Life
Genre
Teen drama
Created by
Brenda Hampton
Written by
Brenda Hampton
Jeffrey Rodgers
Caroline Kepnes
Jeff Olsen
Chris Olsen
Elaine Arata
Paul Perlove
Kelley Turk
Courtney Turk
Anne Ramsay
Directed by
Ron Underwood
Anson Williams
Jason Priestley
John Schneider
Gail Bradley
Lindsley Parsons III
Keith Truesdell
Barry Watson
Starring
Shailene Woodley
Kenny Baumann
Mark Derwin
India Eisley
Greg Finley
Daren Kagasoff
Jorge-Luis Pallo
Megan Park
Francia Raisa
Molly Ringwald
Steve Schirripa
Michael Grant
Cierra Ramirez
Theme music composer
Dan Foliart
Opening theme
"Let's Do It, Let's Fall In Love", performed by Molly Ringwald
Composer(s)
Dan Foliart
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
5
No. of episodes
121 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Brenda Hampton
Producer(s)
Lindsley Parsons III
Hrag Gaboudian
Location(s)
Los Angeles, California
Cinematography
Ronald E. High
William L. Asman
Editor(s)
Stephen Myers
Ellen Ring Jacobson
Marilyn McMahon Adams
Janet Weinberg
Janet Gratz
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
45 minutes
Production company(s)
Brendavision!
ProdCo Original
American Teenager Inc.
ABC Family Original Productions
Distributor
Disney–ABC Domestic Television
Release
Original network
ABC Family
Picture format
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
July 1, 2008 – June 3, 2013
External links
Website
The Secret Life of the American Teenager (often shortened to Secret Life) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton. The series aired on ABC Family from July 1, 2008, until June 3, 2013.[1]
The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting, but was well received among female and teenage viewers. The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers, a record previously held by Kyle XY. The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers, beating that night's episode of Gossip Girl, which had less than half its usual number of viewers. Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers, the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series, posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers; in adults 18–34, it was the number one scripted original premiere of summer 2009. Furthermore, the mid-season premiere became ABC Family's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12–34, with more than three million viewers watching.[2]
The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season,[3][4] and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Season synopsis
1.1 Season 1
1.2 Season 2
1.3 Season 3
1.4 Season 4
2 Cast and characters
3 Broadcasting
3.1 Reception
3.2 U.S. Nielsen ratings
3.3 Awards and accolades
4 DVD releases
5 Other media
5.1 Music
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Season synopsis[edit]
Season 1[edit]
In season one, fifteen-year-old Amy Juergens finds out that she is pregnant after having sex at band camp with a handsome and popular boy, Ricky Underwood. Amy first confides in her two best friends Lauren and Madison about it. Amy also tells Ben Boykewich (the guy she started dating after becoming pregnant) the truth, but he is surprisingly supportive and offers to marry her anyway, despite the protests of his friends, Henry and Alice. When Ricky finds out he is the father, he is willing to be a part of his future child's life, causing Adrian Lee, Ricky's fling for a while to become jealous, especially since Ricky already has his sights on the sweet and virginal Grace Bowman, who was going out with Jack Pappas until he kissed Adrian in front of Grant High School. Much to Adrian's surprise, Grace is not angry at her after a while, and the two girls become friends despite being romantic rivals. Ricky and Ben also compete with each other for Amy's attention and at the end of the season, Amy has her child, a boy whom her sister, Ashley, names John. Amy decides to keep John, after struggling with the decision over the course of the season. Ricky said he would do anything to take care of his new son, John.
Season 2[edit]
In season two, Amy's parents Anne and George are divorced, and Anne even begins dating again, but when she becomes pregnant again, it is revealed that the baby is George's. At the same time, Ashley begins her freshman year at Grant High and resents the legacy Amy has accidentally created as a teenage mother so she befriends a gay classmate named Griffin and they both pledge to remain abstinent throughout high school. Ben returns from his summer Italy trip. Meanwhile, Amy struggles to raise John and frequently argues with Ricky over custodial arrangements, especially since Ben is becoming jealous of Ricky's constant presence. Eventually, Ben and Amy break up while Ricky and Adrian have agreed to date officially but Ricky has issues being faithful. Grace loses her virginity to Jack on the same night her father dies in a plane crash and is wracked with guilt. She blamed Jack and herself for her father's death which causes Jack to be so upset that he starts drinking. Grace refused to get out of the car to attend her father's funeral, so Ricky forces her to. Grace's brother Tom has trouble adjusting when their mother decides to remarry again. Adrian begins to reach out to Amy in order to make peace, so Amy, John, and Ricky can be a family with less drama. The season's events culminate with Adrian's cheating on Ricky with Ben on the night of the Mother/Daughter dance, in an attempt to get back at Ricky for kissing Amy. Ricky is angry at both, breaking up with Adrian and refusing to forgive Ben, thus crushing their already-fragile friendship.
Season 3[edit]
In season three, everyone finds out Adrian is pregnant with Ben's baby, except for Amy. So, Ben and Amy continue to date and start considering taking their relationship to the next level, while Ben struggles to tell Amy about Adrian. George and Anne Juergens have officially divorced and Anne lives closer to her mother while George stays at the house with Amy and Ashley. Ashley drops out of school and begins homeschooling herself. Kathleen Bowman's husband goes to Zimbabwe for a medical mission to bring aid to third world people and returns in the season finale with a proposal that he and Kathleen return to live and explore the world. Kathleen is hesitant to accept, not wanting to leave Grace and Tom behind by themselves. Towards the middle of the season, Amy and Ricky begin to date, and everyone is doubtful that Ricky will be faithful. Adrian and Ben decide to get married and the ceremony occurs near the end of the season. In the two-part season finale, Ben and Adrian are living together in their condo and Adrian begins to sense that something might be wrong with their baby. They decide to call the doctor, who has them meet her at the hospital as soon as possible. Adrian gives birth to their stillborn daughter. They named her Mercy. Amy and Ricky stayed home and start to make out, until John interrupts because he is hungry.
Season 4[edit]
In season four, Amy and Ricky begin to get closer when Amy and John begin to move in with Ricky in his apartment, which is above the butcher shop. Meanwhile, Ashley leaves to go on a road trip with her friend Toby. Grace goes to Didiju and meets a new guy named Daniel who later becomes her boyfriend. Jack and Madison break up forcing Jack to do all the senior stuff with Grace who he is still in love with. Adrian is depressed as she lost her baby and Ben wants to leave, but doesn't have the heart to do so. Adrian figures out that he wants to leave, and tries to seduce him so she can get pregnant again. Later Adrian sets her goal towards Ricky. Ricky proposes to Amy and she accepts. Afterwards, Jesse has a graduation party and everyone is invited. Adrian goes with Omar, her new boyfriend. Daniel's ex-girlfriend shows up at the party and says she wants him back. Ricky kisses Adrian one last time as per her wish and she claims she is "free" from him, after which her new boyfriend Omar breaks up with her claiming that the kiss was "totally disrespectful." The next morning outside, Grace asks Jack about Adrian's theory, and then end up kissing which is caught on a picture sent to Daniel by Raven (his ex-girlfriend), causing him to break up with Grace. Madison also sleeps with Jesse ending with 2 broken friendships and 1 broken relationship. Ben also shuns Henry when he sleeps with Adrian at the party because he was disloyal. Ben meets the lake house neighbor, Dylan, and she and her friends turn out to be a bad influence on him. Kathleen goes to Africa to learn that Marshall was cheating with her and already had a girlfriend and a son there who comes back to live with their family. In the last episode, Anne comes out with the fact that she really is gay, but when Amy is told, she is very upset and believes she is saying that because George is trying to have a good excuse as of why he cheated and also got back with Kathleen. Amy decided to take John away for the weekend.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager characters
This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia's inclusion policy. (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Shailene Woodley as Amy Juergens
Kenny Baumann as Ben Boykewich
Mark Derwin as George Juergens (seasons 1–4; special guest star season 5)
India Eisley as Ashley Juergens (seasons 1–4; special guest season 5)
Greg Finley as Jack Pappas
Daren Kagasoff as Ricky Underwood
Jorge-Luis Pallo as Marc Molina (season 1; guest season 2)
Megan Park as Grace Bowman
Francia Raisa as Adrian Lee-Boykewich
Molly Ringwald as Anne Juergens (seasons 1–4; special guest star season 5)
Steven R. Schirripa as Leo Boykewich (seasons 3–5; recurring seasons 1–2)
Michael Grant as Ethan (season 5; recurring 4)
Cierra Ramirez as Kathy (season 5)
Broadcasting[edit]
The Secret Life of the American Teenager first aired on ABC Family on July 1, 2008.[1] Season 1 began with 11 episodes broadcast from July 1, 2008, to September 9, 2008. After a hiatus, 12 first-season episodes aired January 5, 2009, through March 23, 2009, despite being marketed as season 2, for a total of 23 episodes.[6] The first season was aired on Canadian broadcaster City starting on September 3, 2008.[7] In early 2009, City removed Secret Life from its schedule.[8] Therefore, MuchMusic started to air the first season in Canada on November 30, 2009, followed by the second season on December 7, 2009.[9] In the United Kingdom Secret Life is available on ABC Studios via sky on demand. It is however broken up into eight seasons in contrast to the original five.
Following the success of its first season, ABC Family announced on January 31, 2009, plans to renew Secret Life.[10] The official press release was released on February 9 and was added to ABC Family's line up on April 7, 2009.[11] The show was renewed for a 24-episode second season, which began airing on June 22, 2009.[12][13][14] Season 2 began with 12 episodes broadcast starting June 22, 2009, through September 7, 2009. After a four-month hiatus, the second half of the season returned on January 4, 2010,[15] and concluded on March 22, 2010.[16]
Following their record-breaking, mid-season returns, Make It or Break It, and Secret Life were both picked up for an additional season.[17] The third-season premiere of Secret Life was aired on June 7, 2010, at 8 pm.[18] On January 10, 2011, it was reported that Secret Life was picked up for a fourth season to be shown in Summer 2011 and season three would resume on March 28, 2011, after an extended season break.[19] The second half of the fourth season is set to air on March 26, 2012.
On February 2, 2012, it was announced ABC Family renewed The Secret Life of the American Teenager for a fifth season.[20]
Reception[edit]
Secret Life received mixed reviews at the time of its debut. It currently has a score of 48 out of 100 from review aggregator Metacritic.[21] The New York Post praised the series for having a set of characters that are "... real and come from families of all stripes – from intact to single-parent households to one boy in foster care..."[22] However, most mainstream critics haven't embraced the show, indicating it as a TV-series version of an after school special, "filled with didactic messages and a lotta wooden acting," in the words of Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly.[23] The New York Times claimed that "Secret Life" must surely be the collective effort of an anti-pregnancy cabal. [...] ABC Family means well but could not have done worse. "Secret Life" doesn’t take the fun out of teenage pregnancy, it takes the fun out of television" and calls the show a "Prime-Time Cautionary Tale".[24] Variety magazine reported that "ABC Family's latest original drama wants to be a slow-motion version of "Juno" but settles for being an obvious, stereotype-laden teen soap [...] based on first impressions, "The Secret Life of the American Teenager" should probably stay a secret."[25] ReporterMag's Andrew Rees says, "The show...might be the worst scripted drama on television. Suffering from gag-worthy dialog, horrific plot twists, terrible acting, and characters who not even the best of 3-D glasses could give depth to, it’s a wonder how this show stays on the air."[26]
Brenda Hampton does not mind the poor reviews, saying, "I'd rather get good ratings and bad reviews than bad ratings and good reviews.".[23] Despite its lackluster critical reviews,[27] Secret Life received the highest premiere viewership ratings ever for an ABC Family original program. The pilot episode brought in 2.82 million viewers and a 0.9/3 share in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic. Secret Life also scored high in the female demographic, registering a 6.5/24 among female teenagers and a 3.1/11 among 12- to 34-year-old females.[28]
Secret Life's mid-season finale episode of season one defeated the first hour of the much-publicized series premiere of 90210 on The CW in viewers 12–34 and females 12–34, beating 90210 in total viewers and all their key demographics, and bringing in some of the best ratings of the season for Secret Life.[29][30] The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers and was the highest rated telecast on March 23, 2009 in viewers aged 12–34 and the number one scripted telecast that night. The episode also beat 90210, which had 2.20 million viewers, more than half the usual number.[4]
On Monday, June 22, 2009, Secret Life opened its second season with the largest audience so far, posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers, and second-best numbers ever in adults 18–34 with 1.4 million viewers, behind season one's mid-season finale, adults 18–49 with 2.1 million viewers and viewers 12–34 with 2.9 million viewers. In June 2009, Secret Life ranked as cable’s number one scripted telecast in females 12–34, and the number one scripted series telecast in viewers 12–34 and female teens. Additionally, Secret Life stood as ad-supported cable’s number one telecast this month in female teens. The season debut became cable’s number one scripted series premiere of the 2008/2009 season to date in women 18–34, women 18–49, and viewers 12–34, and the number one scripted original premiere of summer 2009 in adults 18–34.[31]
Secret Life’s second season debut stands as cable’s number one scripted original series season premiere of summer 2009 in adults ages 18–34 and across core female 18–34, 18–49 and 12–34 demos, ahead of such high profile series as USA’s Royal Pains and Burn Notice, and TNT’s The Closer.[32] Some critics praised the new developments of the show's second season, saying they could be "interesting material to build on." Jean Bently of EW Popwatch says that now that the whole "teen going through a pregnancy" plot has played out and the "frustrated young mother" thing is going on, we have room to explore some other topics. She remained hopeful that the writers will not just turn these new problems into issues of the week, instead allowing time for the characters to grieve Marshall's death, deal with Ann's accidental pregnancy, and explore the more emotionally complex aspects of teenage sex.[3]
With more than 4.55 million people watching the season two mid-season premiere, the episode became ABC Family’s most-watched telecast ever in the key 12–34 and teen demos.[33] The episode stands as the series’ second-most-watched episode in viewers and is TV’s number one telecast of the season in female teens, cable’s number one telecast in females 12–34, and cable’s number one scripted telecast in viewers 12–34. The season two mid-season premiere remains cable’s number one scripted premiere of the 2009/10 season. It improved nearly one million total viewers over its season two mid-season finale, and was number one in all target demos for the hour.[2]
On Monday, June 7, 2010, Secret Life opened its third season as the number one summer premiere for the 2010 summer season. It drew 1.3 million women 18–49 viewers, 2.3 million viewers 12–34, 1.8 million female 12–34 viewers, and 1.0 million teen viewers, topping high profiles premieres of Burn Notice, Royal Pains, and Pawn Stars. Additionally, Monday’s "Secret Life" ranks as summer’s number one scripted premiere on cable with 1.2 million viewers adults 18–34. It improved over its season 2 finale, growing by 20% in adults 18–34, by 21% in adults 18–49, and by 10% in viewers 12–34.[34]
Regarding The Secret Life's advertising, Laura Caraccioli-Davis, executive vice president of the media buyer Starcom, says, "Nielsen numbers will do the talking in the advertising community, which has a deep respect for success."
U.S. Nielsen ratings[edit]
The following is a table with the average estimated number of viewers per episode, each season of The Secret Life of the American Teenager on ABC Family.
Season
Timeslot (ET/PT)
# Ep.
Premiered
Ended
TV Season
Viewers
(in millions)
Date
Premiere
Viewers
(in millions)
Date
Finale
Viewers
(in millions)
1
Tuesday 8:00PM (2008)
Monday 8:00PM (2009)
23
July 1, 2008
2.82[35]
March 23, 2009
4.50[36]
2008–2009
3.51
2
Monday 8:00PM
24
June 22, 2009
4.68[37]
March 22, 2010
3.17
2009–2010
3.24
3
26
June 7, 2010
3.18[38]
June 6, 2011
3.56
2010–2011
3.74
4
24
June 13, 2011
3.07[39]
June 4, 2012
1.43[40]
2011–2012
2.14
5
24
June 11, 2012
1.67[41]
June 3, 2013
1.50 [42]
2012–2013
1.22
Awards and accolades[edit]
Throughout its five seasons, Secret Life has been nominated for several Teen Choice Awards, and won a Gracie Allen Award.[43] It won a Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season.[44] In 2009, it was nominated for three Teen Choice Awards, including Choice TV Show Drama, Choice TV Breakout Show, and Choice Summer TV. Kenny Baumann was nominated for Choice TV Actor Drama and Choice Summer TV Star: Male, Shailene Woodley was nominated for Choice TV Actress Drama and Choice Summer TV Star: Female, Daren Kagasoff was nominated for Choice TV Breakout Star: Male and won Choice Summer TV Star Male,[45] and Molly Ringwald and Mark Derwin were nominated for Choice TV Parental Unit.[46] A Gracie Allen Award was awarded to the show for Outstanding Drama in 2009.[43] In 2010, the show was nominated as a Favorite TV Obsession at the 2010 People's Choice Awards; Shailene Woodley won a 2010 Gracie Award for Outstanding Female Rising Star in a Drama Series;[47][48] the show was nominated as the Choice Summer TV show at the 2010 Teen Choice Awards; Ken Baumann and Daren Kagasoff were nominated as the Choice Male Summer TV Star; and Shailene Woodley was also nominated as the Choice Female Summer TV Star.[49]
DVD releases[edit]
Each Secret Life season is released on DVD in separate volumes. Season one, confusingly, is sold as season one and season two.[50][51][52] Season two is sold as volume three and volume four,[53][54] and similarly for the later seasons. The DVD releases include commentary by cast and crew members on selected episodes, deleted scenes, interviews with the cast, and behind-the-scenes featurettes. The season two, volume two DVD includes a preview of Ashley Juergen's Secret Diary, a novella released on June 15, 2010.[54]
DVD release dates for The Secret Life of the American Teenager
Name
Release dates
Ep #
Additional information
Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
Volume One December 30, 2008[50] TBA TBA 11 Incorrectly marketed as season one. Extras include deleted scenes, cast interviews, gag reel, episode commentaries, and 7 featurettes
Volume Two June 16, 2009[55] TBA TBA 12 Incorrectly marketed as season two. Extras include behind-the-Scenes featurettes with the cast, exclusive music video from The Strange Familiar
Volume Three December 22, 2009[56] TBA TBA 12 Extras include pilot episode "Make It or Break It", Hot Chat, exclusive behind-the-scenes look at the cast
Volume Four June 15, 2010[54] TBA TBA 12 Extras include behind the "Secret" scenes, Cast on Family, interviews with cast and composer
Volume Five December 21, 2010[57] TBA TBA 14 On Set with Director Anson Williams, On Set Fist Bumps with Joey and Matthew Levinson, On Set with Shailene Woodley, On Set with Luke Zimmerman
Volume Six June 7, 2011[58] TBA TBA 12
Volume Seven March 20, 2012 TBA TBA 13
Volume Eight TBA TBA TBA 11
Volume Nine TBA TBA TBA 12
Volume Ten TBA TBA TBA 12
Other media[edit]
On June 15, 2010, The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens was published.[5] Written by Kelly and Courtney Turk, whose previous credits include episodes of 7th Heaven and NCIS, it documents the thoughts of the character Ashley Juergens in the events chronicling the first and part of the second season.[59] It also includes new characters that were not shown on Secret Life.[59] "We watched the episodes together and then talked briefly about ideas we each had and what we thought Ashley would have to say about whatever the storyline was. Then we separated and exchanged our chapters," Courtney stated while talking about the difference between writing a book and writing for television.[59]
Music[edit]
The series theme, sung by Molly Ringwald, is an upbeat version of Cole Porter's "Let's Do It (Let's Fall in Love)." Other noteworthy music featured in the installments includes:
Both the first and last episodes of the first season feature the song "Girlfriend" by Avril Lavigne. It was also featured in the second-season episode 22. A piano version of the song was played during mid-4th-season finale.
In the fifteenth episode of the second season, Jack plays "She Don't Wanna Man" by Asher Roth while he and Madison dance.
At the Mother-Daughter Dance (Season 2, Episode 19), Love Story by Taylor Swift is played in the background while Amy, her mother, and Ashley sit on the bleachers.
In the fourth episode of the third season, when Adrian sits sadly on the stairs in front of her house, Tom plays "You Are So Beautiful" performed by Joe Cocker on his cell phone before they dance. (Season 3, episode 4).
The song "Kids" by MGMT appears in the fifth episode of the third season when a slide show of Amy lost in New York is played.
At a party in the Bowmans' guesthouse, the song "New Day" performed by Tamar Kaprelian is played.
Bruno Mars' "Just the Way You Are" plays in the final moments of the first half of the third-season finale, including during Ben and Adrian's wedding.
Sarah McLachlan's "Angel" plays after Ben and Adrian find out the baby is dead, and the montage is played to close the season.
"Daughters" by John Mayer was featured in the season's first episode during Amy's visit to the clinic.
In the fifth episode of the fourth season, "Rolling in the Deep" by Adele is played in the beginning during Adrian's walk and at the end of the episode when she is sitting in the empty nursery after punching numerous holes in the wall.
In the thirteenth episode of the fourth season "S&M" by Rihanna, "Memories" by David Guetta feat. Kid Cudi and "Til ya make it" by "Jamie Lynn Noon" are played at the end of the episode during the dance party.
At the beginning of first episode of fifth season, when Amy and Ricky went from chapel, is played Bruno Mars' song "Marry You".
In the last episode when Adrian recollects her school years and relationships is played "Try with Me" by Nicole Scherzinger.
In the last episode during Ricky's flashback, the song "Blurry" by Puddle of Mudd is played.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Falling in Love Season Episode Guide on". TV.com. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
^ Jump up to: a b ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager" and "Make It or Break It" Set Records for ABC Family – TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Bentley, Jean (23 June 2009). "'The Secret Life of the American Teenager' recap: A new life for a new mom | EW.com". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Catlin, Roger (March 25, 2009). "Roger Catlin's TV Eye – TV Entertainment News". Blogs.courant.com. Archived from the original on July 7, 2012. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens (9781401324070): Ashley Juergens: Books". Amazon.com. 9 September 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
Jump up ^ Gelman, Vlada (November 11, 2008). "ABC Family Brings Back American Teenager, Kyle XY". TVWeek.com. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Breaking News – Citytv Announces Fall 2008–2009 Programming Schedule". TheFutonCritic.com. 13 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "ABC Family: SaveSecretLifeinCanada Secret Life CANCELLED in CANADA". Community.abcfamily.go.com. 19 January 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ Channel Canada. "MuchMusic's Secret Is Out: THE SECRET LIFE OF THE AMERICAN TEENAGER Begins Dec 7". Channel Canada. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "ABCFamily.com" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-06-16.
Jump up ^ "ABC Family announces upcoming programming slate – TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.com. 7 April 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "ABC Family's The Secret Life of the American Teenager picked up for second season – TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.com. 9 February 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Kyle XY Cancelled". Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ABC Family: The Secret Life of the American Teenager 'secret life' will return June 22". Community.abcfamily.go.com. Archived from the original on September 17, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Secret Life of the American Teenager, Make It Or Break It return to ABC Family Monday, January 4 – TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "The Secret Life of the American Teenager Spoilers". Slotat.tripod.com. June 7, 2010. Archived from the original on July 17, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Secret Life of the American Teenager" Renewed for 3rd Season; "Make It or Break It" Renewed for 2nd Season – Both Return in Summer 2010 – TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.com. 12 January 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (March 29, 2010). "ABC Family Announces Summer Slate Including "Pretty Little Liars," "Huge," and "Melissa & Joey"". TVbytheNumbers. Retrieved March 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Show Tracker". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (February 2, 2012). "'The Secret Life of the American Teenager' Renewed For A 5th Season, 'Baby Daddy,' 'Beverly Hills Nannies' Picked Up By ABC Family". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Secret Life of the American Teenager reviews at". Metacritic.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ Stasi, Linda (June 30, 2008). "Good Daughter Comes Home with Bad News in Secret Life". New York Post. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "ABC Family scores with 'Teenager' – Entertainment News, Weekly TV, Media". Variety. 15 August 2008. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ Stanley, Alessandra (July 1, 2008). "A Teenage Pregnancy, Packaged as a Prime-Time Cautionary Tale". New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ Lowry, Brian (July 1, 2008). "The Secret Life of the American Teenager". Variety Magazine. Retrieved April 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Reporter Online | TV Review: The Secret Life of the American Teenager". Reportermag.com. 18 December 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Review listing: The Secret Life of the American Teenager". Metacritic.com. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ Kissell, Rick (July 2, 2008). "ABC's Wipeout stays strong". Variety. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ "ABC Family's The Secret Life of the American Teenager Defeats the First Hour of CW's Highly-Promoted 90210". TheFutonCritic.com. September 4, 2008. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ Seidman, Robert (September 10, 2008). "ABC Family's Secret Life Smacksdown CW and 90210". TVbytheNumbers.com. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ "ABC Family Claims Most-Watched June in Prime in Total Viewers – TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "The Secret Life of the American Teenager Returns At Record Levels – TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Cable ratings: WWE RAW, NCIS, SpongeBob, Secret Life and iCarly Top Weekly Cable Charts – TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ ""The Secret Life of the American Teenager" Third Season Opener is Cable's number one Premiere This Summer Across Key Demos – TV Ratings, Nielsen Ratings, Television Show Ratings". TVbytheNumbers.com. 8 June 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ Catlin, Roger. (2009-03-25) 'Secret Life' vs. 'Gossip Girl' - Roger Catlin | TV Eye Archived July 7, 2012, at Archive.is. Blogs.courant.com. Retrieved on 2014-05-12.
Jump up ^ Cable TV Show Nielsen TV Ratings Week Ending June 28, 2009; BET Awards 2009, Jon & Kate Plus 8, Royal Pains, The Closer, Burn Notice, Princess Protection Program, NASCAR Sprint Cup Loudon, WWE Raw, Cake Boss - Ratings. TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com. Retrieved on 2014-05-12.
Jump up ^ Secret Life of the American Teenager ratings, Real Housewives of New Jersey ratings, American Pickers ratings, Pawn Stars ratings, Tori & Dean: Home Sweet Hollywood ratings, Nurse Jackie ratings, United States of Tara ratings, Neighbors from Hell ratings, WWE Raw ratings, Cake Boss ratings, All Worked Up ratings, Operation Repo ratings, Saving Grace ratings - Ratings. TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com (2010-06-08). Retrieved on 2014-05-12.
Jump up ^ Monday Cable Ratings: ‘Pawn Stars’ Keeps Growing; Plus ‘WWE Raw,’ ‘Secret Life,’ ‘Real Housewives,’ ‘American Pickers’ & More - Ratings. TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com (2011-06-14). Retrieved on 2014-05-12.
Jump up ^ Monday Cable Ratings: NBA Playoffs + ‘Pawn Stars’, ‘WWE Raw’, ‘American Pickers’, ‘Cajun Pawn Stars’, ‘Basketball Wives’ + More - Ratings. TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com (2012-06-05). Retrieved on 2014-05-12.
Jump up ^ Monday Cable Ratings: ‘WWE Raw’ Wins Night, ‘Single Ladies’, ‘Secret Life of the American Teenager’, ‘Bunheads’, ‘Basketball Wives’, ‘Pawn Stars’ & More - Ratings. TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com (2012-06-12). Retrieved on 2014-05-12.
Jump up ^ Ratings - Monday's Cable Ratings: Pacers/Heat Finale Delivers Big Numbers for TNT. TheFutonCritic.com (2013-06-03). Retrieved on 2014-05-12.
^ Jump up to: a b Comment by Clara Hinson (September 28, 2009). "Oklahoma's 2009 Gracie Allen Award winners: Dr. Phil, Bob Dotson | Television Blog". Blog.newsok.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2010. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'The Secret Life of the American Teenager' Picks Up Award, Actors Shed Thoughts On Show's Success". Buddytv.com. 2 September 2008. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "The 2009 Teen Choice Awards – Photos & Winners List". Allie Is Wired. September 9, 2009. Archived from the original on January 2, 2010. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "2010 Teen Choice Awards, Nominees, Winners, TV Schedule". Chiff.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "Vampires dominate People's Choice Awards nominations". USA Today. November 10, 2009. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "2010 Gracie Awards® Winners". The Gracies. Archived from the original on August 12, 2013. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Gil. "'Twilight Saga: Eclipse' Leads New Teen Choice 2010 Nominees – News Story | Music, Celebrity, Artist News | MTV News". Mtv. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Secret Life of the American Teenager: Season One: Secret Life of the American Teenager, Brenda Hampton: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "The Secret Life of the American Teenager DVD news: Announcement for The Secret Life of the American Teenager – Season 2". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Secret Life of the American Teenager: Season Two: Shailene Woodley, Daren Kagasoff, Ken Baumann, Molly Ringwald, Mark Derwin, Allen Evangelista, India Eisley, Megan Park, Amy Rider, Francia Raisa, Camille Winbush, Renee Olstead, .: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ "The Secret Life of the American Teenager: Volume Three: Molly Ringwald, Allen". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Secret Life of the American Teenager: Volume Four:". Amazon.com. 9 September 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001UREJXQ
Jump up ^ "The Secret Life of the American Teenager: Volume Three: Molly Ringwald, Allen". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
Jump up ^ https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0043CT976
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 5, 2013. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Breaking In: Interview with TV Writers Kelley and Courtney Turk". Pink Raygun.com. 26 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
Further reading[edit]
Villarreal, Yvonne (January 3, 2009). "Secret Life of the American Teenager explores teen pregnancy". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 11, 2009.
External links[edit]
Official Website
The Secret Life of the American Teenager on IMDb
Secret Life of the American Teenager: Episodes and Parent/Teen Episode Discussion Guides by NCPTUP
The Secret Life of the American Teenager at TV.com
Episode List at MSN
Episode List at TVGuide.com
ABC Spark Canada
[hide]
v
t
e
The Secret Life of the American Teenager
Seasons
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4
Season 5
Production
Episode list
Character list
Brenda Hampton
[show]
v
t
e
Freeform original programming
History
History of Freeform
Christian Broadcasting Network
ABC Family Worldwide Inc.
Original
programming
1990s debuts
Amateur Hour (revival) (1992)
Big Brother Jake (1990–1994)
Donkey Kong Country (1997–2000)
Great Pretenders (1999–2002)
Home and Family (1996–1998)
Maniac Mansion (1990–1993)
Monster Farm (1998–1999)
Ohh Nooo! Mr. Bill Presents (1998–1999)
Shop 'til You Drop (1996–1998)
2000s debuts
10 Things I Hate About You (2009–2010)
Beautiful People (2005–2006)
Brat Camp (2005–2007)
Da Möb (2001–2002)
Greek (2007–2011)
Knock First (2003–2004)
Kyle XY (2006–2009)
Las Vegas Garden of Love (2005)
Lincoln Heights (2007–2009)
Make It or Break It (2009–2012)
The Middleman (2008)
Power Rangers Dino Thunder (2004)
Power Rangers Ninja Storm (2003)
Power Rangers S.P.D.(2005)
Power Rangers Wild Force (2002)
Roommates (2009)
Ruby & The Rockits (2009)
Scariest Places On Earth (2000–2006)
The Secret Life of the American Teenager (2008–2013)
Slacker Cats (2007–2009)
So Little Time (2001–2002)
State of Grace (2001–2002)
Switched! (2003–2004)
Three Moons Over Milford (2006)
Wildfire (2005–2008)
2010s debuts
Baby Daddy (2012–2017)
Becoming Us (2015)
Ben and Lauren: Happily Ever After? (2016)
Beverly Hills Nannies (2012)
Beyond (2017–2018)
Bunheads (2012–2013)
Chasing Life (2014–2015)
Dead of Summer (2016)
Freak Out (2014–2015)
Guilt (2016)
Huge (2010)
Jane by Design (2012)
Job or No Job (2015)
Kevin from Work (2015)
The Lying Game (2011–2013)
Melissa & Joey (2010–2015)
Monica the Medium (2015–2016)
Mystery Girls (2014)
Next Step Realty: NYC (2015)
The Nine Lives of Chloe King (2011)
Pretty Little Liars (2010–2017)
Ravenswood (2013–2014)
Recovery Road (2016)
Spell-Mageddon (2013)
Startup U (2015)
State of Georgia (2011)
Stitchers (2015–2017)
Switched at Birth (2011–2017)
The Twins: Happily Ever After? (2017)
Twisted (2013–2014)
The Vineyard (2013)
Current
Alone Together (since 2018)
The Bold Type (since 2017)
Famous in Love (since 2017)
The Fosters (since 2013)
Grown-ish (since 2018)
Shadowhunters (since 2016)
Siren (since 2018)
Truth & Iliza (since 2017)
Young & Hungry (since 2014)
Upcoming
Cloak & Dagger (2018)
Pretty Little Liars: The Perfectionists (2019)
Besties (TBA)
Related
13 Nights of Halloween
Freeform's 25 Days of Christmas
ABC Spark
Jetix
List of ABC Family original films
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
LCCN: n2010014132
VIAF: 176377567
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Secret_Life_of_the_American_Teenager&oldid=843173308"
Categories:
2008 American television series debuts
2013 American television series endings
2000s American drama television series
2000s LGBT drama television series
2010s American drama television series
2010s LGBT drama television series
ABC Family shows
American high school television series
American LGBT drama television series
American teen drama television series
English-language television programs
Serial drama television series
Teenage pregnancy in television
Television series by Disney–ABC Domestic Television
Television series created by Brenda Hampton
Television shows set in Los Angeles
The Secret Life of the American Teenager
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from May 2014
Webarchive template archiveis links
Use mdy dates from June 2012
Pages using infobox television with editor parameter
Wikipedia articles needing style editing from October 2014
All articles needing style editing
Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from October 2014
All articles that are excessively detailed
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikiquote
Languages
العربية
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Lumbaart
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
中文
12 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 May 2018, at 11:15.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: i

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

attrs: colspan style

values:
/wiki/Kenny_Baumann
mw-redirect
Kenny Baumann

values: Michael Grant (actor) (page does not exist)

values: List of The Secret Life of the American Teenager episodes

values: text-align:center;background: #CCCCFF; padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em;

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-overly_detailed

values: List of characters in The Secret Life of the American Teenager

values:
/wiki/Steven_R._Schirripa
mw-redirect
Steven R. Schirripa

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 1)

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager (Season 2)

values:
/wiki/Nielsen_rating
mw-redirect
Nielsen rating

values:
/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone_(North_America)
mw-redirect
Eastern Time Zone (North America)

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 2)

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 3)

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 4)

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager (season 5)

values:
/wiki/Ashley_Juergens
mw-redirect
Ashley Juergens

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/140132407X

values:
nofollow
external text
http://slotat.tripod.com/index.html

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001ILFUAA

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001UREJXQ

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002QZDSXI

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003F3NE1G

values:
nofollow
external free
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B001UREJXQ

values:
nofollow
external free
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0043CT976

values:
nofollow
external text
http://videoeta.com/movie/129899

values: div-col columns column-width reflist mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1179817/
external text

values: nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/List_of_ABC_Family_original_films
mw-redirect
List of ABC Family original films

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/176377567

values: Category:2008 American television series debuts

values: Category:2013 American television series endings

values: Category:2000s American drama television series

values: Category:2000s LGBT drama television series

values: Category:2010s American drama television series

values: Category:2010s LGBT drama television series

values: Category:American high school television series

values: Category:American LGBT drama television series

values: Category:American teen drama television series

values: Category:Teenage pregnancy in television

values: Category:Television series by Disney–ABC Domestic Television

values: Category:Television series created by Brenda Hampton

values: Category:Television shows set in Los Angeles

values: Category:The Secret Life of the American Teenager

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from May 2014

values: Category:Webarchive template archiveis links

values: Category:Pages using infobox television with editor parameter

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing style editing from October 2014

values: Category:All articles needing style editing

values: Category:Wikipedia articles that are excessively detailed from October 2014

values: Category:All articles that are excessively detailed

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: الحياة السرية لمراهقة أمريكية – Arabic

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager – Czech

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: Mit Liv Som Teenager (tv-serie) – Danish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager – German

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager – Spanish

values: زندگی مخفی نوجوان آمریکایی – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: La Vie secrète d'une ado ordinaire – French

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager – Galician

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: 미국 십대의 비밀생활 – Korean

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager – Indonesian

values: La vita segreta di una teenager americana – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: סודות ההתבגרות – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: La età segréta de öna teenager americana – Lombard

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager – Portuguese

values: Втайне от родителей – Russian

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager – Simple English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: The Secret Life of the American Teenager – Swedish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Secret_Life_of_the_American_Teenager rootpage-The_Secret_Life_of_the_American_Teenager skin-vector action-view