text:
Catholic Bible
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Part of a series on the
Catholic Church
St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City
Overview
Pope: Francis
Hierarchy
History (Timeline)
Theology
Liturgy
Sacraments
Mary
Background[show]
Jesus
Crucifixion
Resurrection
Ascension
Early Christianity
History of the Catholic Church
History of the papacy
Ecumenical Councils
Four Marks of the Church
One true church
Apostolic succession
Organisation[show]
Holy See
College of Cardinals
Ecumenical Councils
Episcopal polity
Latin Church
Eastern Churches
Canon law
Theology[show]
Trinity
Father
Son
Holy Spirit
Ten Commandments
Three States of the Church
Purgatory
Paschal Mystery
Passion
Crucifixion
Harrowing of Hell
Resurrection
Ascension
Mary
Mariology
Veneration
Immaculate Conception
Theotokos
Perpetual virginity
Assumption
Titles
Morality
Body
Lectures
Sexuality
Apologetics
Divine grace
Salvation
Original sin
Saints
Dogma
Catechism
Philosophy[show]
Natural law
Catholic ethics
Personalism
Social teaching
Philosophers
Worship[show]
Liturgy
Mass
Divine Office
Liturgical year
Sacraments
Baptism
Penance
Eucharist
Confirmation
Anointing of the Sick
Matrimony
Holy Orders
Prayer
Devotions
Bible
Biblical canon
Rites[show]
Latin
Roman
Ordinary form
Tridentine
Anglican Use
Zaire Use
Gallican
Ambrosian
Braga
Mozarabic

Eastern
Antiochian
Maronite
West Syrian
Syro-Malankara
Chaldean
East Syrian
Syro-Malabar
Byzantine
Armenian
Alexandrian
Ethiopic
Controversies[show]
Antipopes
Anti-Catholicism
Criticism
Homosexuality
Sex and gender roles
Sexual abuse cases
Other topics[show]
Art
Ecumenism
Evolution
Health care
Monasticism
Music
Science
Role in civilization
Links and resources[show]
Index
Outline
Glossary
Category
Media
Templates
WikiProject
Book
Pope portal
Vatican City portal
Catholicism portal
v
t
e
The Catholic Bible is the Bible comprising the whole 73-book canon recognized by the Catholic Church, including the deuterocanonical books.
Contents
[hide]
1 Books included
1.1 Old Testament
1.2 New Testament
2 Canon law
3 Principles of translation
4 Catholic English versions
5 Differences from Catholic lectionaries
6 Differences from other Christian Bibles
7 See also
8 References
Books included[edit]
See also: Old Testament § Content, and New Testament § Content
The Catholic Bible is composed of the 46 books of the Old Testament and the 27 books of the New Testament.
Old Testament[edit]
Pentateuch : Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
Historical books : Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings, 2 Kings, 1 Chronicles, 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Tobit, Judith, Esther, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees
Wisdom books : Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Wisdom, Sirach
Prophetic books : Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Baruch, Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
Of these books, Tobit, Judith, 1 and 2 Maccabees, Wisdom, Sirach, Baruch, parts of Esther and parts of Daniel are deuterocanonical, and are found in the Bibles of Eastern Christianity. These books are usually not found in the Protestant Bible, but are sometimes included in a separate inter-testamental section called the "Apocrypha".
New Testament[edit]
The Gospels : Matthew, Mark, Luke, John
Historical book : Acts
Pauline Epistles : Romans, 1 Corinthians, 2 Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, 1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews
General Epistles : James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter, 1 John, 2 John, 3 John, Jude
Revelation
Canon law[edit]
In another sense, a "Catholic Bible" is a Bible published in accordance with the prescriptions of Catholic canon law, which states:
Books of the sacred scriptures cannot be published unless the Apostolic See or the conference of bishops has approved them. For the publication of their translations into the vernacular, it is also required that they be approved by the same authority and provided with necessary and sufficient annotations.
With the permission of the Conference of Bishops, Catholic members of the Christian faithful in collaboration with separated brothers and sisters can prepare and publish translations of the sacred scriptures provided with appropriate annotations.[1]
Principles of translation[edit]
Without diminishing the authority of the texts of the books of Scripture in the original languages, the Council of Trent declared the Vulgate the official translation of the Bible for the Latin Church, but did not forbid the making of translations directly from the original languages.[2][3] Before the middle of the 20th century, Catholic translations were often made from that text rather than from the original languages. Thus Ronald Knox, the author of what has been called the Knox Bible, wrote: "When I talk about translating the Bible, I mean translating the Vulgate."[4] Today, the version of the Bible that is used in official documents in Latin is the Nova Vulgata, a revision of the Vulgate that among other changes makes it conform more closely to manuscripts in the original languages.
This does not mean keeping to any particular edition in the original language. Thus, in translating the Hebrew Bible, evidence from Qumran manuscripts and ancient versions in Greek, Aramaic or Syriac is sometimes used to adjust the Masoretic Text. The aim is to get as close as possible to what "was written by the inspired author himself and has more authority and greater weight than any, even the very best, translation whether ancient or modern".[5]
The principles expounded in Pope Pius XII's encyclical Divino afflante Spiritu regarding exegesis or interpretation, as in commentaries on the Bible, apply also to the preparation of a translation. These include the need for familiarity with the original languages and other cognate languages, the study of ancient codices and even papyrus fragments of the text and the application to them of textual criticism, "to insure that the sacred text be restored as perfectly as possible, be purified from the corruptions due to the carelessness of the copyists and be freed, as far as may be done, from glosses and omissions, from the interchange and repetition of words and from all other kinds of mistakes, which are wont to make their way gradually into writings handed down through many centuries".[6]
Catholic English versions[edit]
The following are English versions of the Bible that correspond to this description:
Abbreviation
Name
Date
DRB Douay-Rheims Bible 1582, 1609, 16101
DRC Douay-Rheims Bible Challoner Revision 1749-1752
WVSS Westminster Version of the Sacred Scripture[7] 1913–19352
SPC Spencer New Testament[8] 1941
CCD Confraternity Bible 19413
Knox Knox Bible 1950
KLNT Kleist–Lilly New Testament 19564
RSV–CE Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition 1965–66
JB Jerusalem Bible 1966
NAB New American Bible 1970
TLB–CE The Living Bible – Catholic Edition 1971
NJB New Jerusalem Bible 1985
CCB Christian Community Bible 1988
NRSV–CE New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition 1989
GNT–CE Good News Bible Catholic Edition5 2001
RSV–2CE Revised Standard Version, Second Catholic Edition 2006
CTS–NCB CTS New Catholic Bible 20076
NABRE New American Bible Revised Edition 2011/1986 (OT/NT)
NLT-CE New Living Translation Catholic Edition[9] 2017
RNJB Revised New Jerusalem Bible[10] 2017
1The New Testament was published in 1582, the Old Testament in two volumes, one in 1609, the other in 1610.
2Released in parts between 1913–1935 with copious study and textual notes. The New Testament with condensed notes was released in 1936 as one volume.
3NT released in 1941. The OT contained material from the Challoner Revision until the entire OT was completed in 1969. This Old Testament became the basis for the 1970 NAB
4New Testament only; Gospels by James Kleist, rest by Joseph Lilly.
5Also known as the "Today's English Version"
6The Jerusalem Bible except for the Book of Psalms, which is replaced by the Grail Psalms, and with the word "Yahweh" altered to "the Lord", as directed by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments for Bibles intended to be used in the liturgy.[11]
In addition to the above Catholic English Bibles, all of which have an imprimatur granted by a Catholic bishop, the authors of the Catholic Public Domain Version[12] of 2009 and the 2013 translation from the Septuagint by Jesuit priest Nicholas King[13] refer to them as Catholic Bibles. These versions have not been granted an imprimatur, but do include the Catholic biblical canon of 73 books.
Differences from Catholic lectionaries[edit]
Lectionaries for use in the liturgy differ somewhat in text from the Bible versions on which they are based. Many liturgies, including the Roman, omit some verses in the biblical readings that they use.[14] This sometimes necessitates grammatical alterations or the identification of a person or persons referred to in a remaining verse only by a pronoun, such as "he" or "they".
Another difference concerns the usage of the Tetragrammaton. Yahweh appears in some Bible translations such as the Jerusalem Bible (1966) throughout the Old Testament. Long-standing Jewish and Christian tradition holds that the name is not to be spoken in worship or printed in liturgical texts out of reverence.[11][15] A 2008 letter from the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments explicitly forbids the use of the Divine Name in worship texts, stating: "For the translation of the biblical text in modern languages, intended for the liturgical usage of the Church, what is already prescribed by n. 41 of the Instruction Liturgiam authenticam is to be followed; that is, the divine tetragrammaton is to be rendered by the equivalent of Adonai/Kyrios; Lord, Signore, Seigneur, Herr, Señor, etc."
As a result, Bibles used by English-speaking Catholics for study and devotion typically do not match the liturgical texts read during mass, even when based on the same translation. Today, publishers and translators alike are making new efforts to more precisely align the texts of the Lectionary with the various approved translations of the Catholic Bible.
Currently, there is only one lectionary reported to be in use corresponding exactly to an in-print Catholic Bible translation: the Ignatius Press lectionary based on the Revised Standard Version, Second Catholic (or Ignatius) Edition (RSV-2CE) approved for liturgical use in the Antilles[16] and by former Anglicans in the personal ordinariates.[17]
In 2007 the Catholic Truth Society published the "CTS New Catholic Bible," consisting of the original 1966 Jerusalem Bible text revised to match its use in lectionaries throughout most English-speaking countries, in conformity with the directives of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments[11][15] and the Pontifical Biblical Commission.[18] In it, "Yahweh" has been replaced by "the LORD" throughout the Old Testament, and the Psalms have been completely replaced by the 1963 Grail Psalter.
In 2012, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops "announced a plan to revise the New Testament of the New American Bible Revised Edition so a single version can be used for individual prayer, catechesis and liturgy" in the United States.[19] After developing a plan and budget for the revision project, work began in 2013 with the creation of an editorial board made up of five people from the Catholic Biblical Association (CBA). The revision is now underway and, after the necessary approvals from the bishops and the Vatican, is expected to be done around the year 2025.[20]
Differences from other Christian Bibles[edit]
Bibles used by Catholics differ in the number and order of books from those typically found in bibles used by Protestants, as Catholic bibles remained unchanged following the Reformation and so retain seven books that were rejected principally by Martin Luther. Its canon of Old Testament texts is somewhat larger than that in translations used by Protestants, which are typically based exclusively on the shorter Hebrew and Aramaic Masoretic Text. On the other hand, its canon, which does not accept all the books that are included in the Septuagint,[21] is shorter than that of some churches of Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxy, which recognize other books as sacred scripture.
The Greek Orthodox Church generally considers Psalm 151 to be part of the Book of Psalms and accepts the "books of the Maccabees" as four in number, but generally places 4 Maccabees in an appendix, along with the Prayer of Manasseh.[22] There are differences from Western usage in the naming of some books (see, for instance, Esdras#Differences in names). Greek Orthodox generally consider the Septuagint to be divinely inspired no less than the Hebrew text of the Old Testament books.
The Bible of the Tewahedo Churches differs from the Western and Greek Orthodox Bibles in the order, naming, and chapter/verse division of some of the books. The Ethiopian "narrow" biblical canon includes 81 books altogether: The 27 books of the New Testament; the Old Testament books found in the Septuagint and that are accepted by the Eastern Orthodox (more numerous than the Catholic deuterocanonical books);[23] and in addition Enoch, Jubilees, 1 Esdras, 2 Esdras, Rest of the Words of Baruch and 3 books of Meqabyan (Ethiopian books of Maccabees entirely different in content from the 4 Books of Maccabees of the Eastern Orthodox). A "broader" Ethiopian New Testament canon includes 4 books of "Sinodos" (church practices), 2 "Books of Covenant", "Ethiopic Clement", and "Ethiopic Didascalia" (Apostolic Church-Ordinances). This "broader" canon is sometimes said to include with the Old Testament an 8-part history of the Jews based on the writings of Titus Flavius Josephus, and known as "Pseudo-Josephus" or "Joseph ben Gurion" (Yosēf walda Koryon).[24][25]
See also[edit]
Biblical canon
Christian biblical canons
Council of Trent
Divino afflante Spiritu
Second Vatican Council
Dei verbum
Liturgiam authenticam
Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
Pontifical Biblical Commission
International Commission on English in the Liturgy
Protestant Bible
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Code of Canon Law, canon 825 Archived February 28, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Pope Pius XII. "Divino afflante Spiritu, 20–22". Holy See. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Akin, James. "Uncomfortable Facts About The Douay-Rheims". CatholicCulture.org. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, Ronald Arbuthnott (1949). On Englishing the Bible. Burns, Oates. p. 1.
Jump up ^ Divino afflante Spiritu, 16
Jump up ^ Divino afflante Spiritu, 17
Jump up ^ http://bibles.wikidot.com/westminster
Jump up ^ http://bibles.wikidot.com/spencer
Jump up ^ http://c-b-f.org/component/k2/item/76-launch-of-the-new-living-translation-catholic-edition:
Jump up ^ http://dltbooks.com/titles/2220-9780232533613-rnjb-new-testament-and-psalms
^ Jump up to: a b c Arinze, Francis; Ranjith, Malcolm. "Letter to the Bishops Conferences on The Name of God". Bible Research: Internet Resources for Students of Scripture. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Catholic Public Domain Version
Jump up ^ http://www.nicholas-king.co.uk/
Jump up ^ Booneau, Normand (1998). The Sunday Lectionary. Liturgical Press. pp. 50–±51. ISBN 9780814624579. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Gilligan, Michael. "Use of Yahweh in Church Songs". American Catholic Press. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ McNamara, Edward. "Which English Translation to Use Abroad". Eternal Word Television Network. Retrieved 13 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Burnham, Andrew. "The Liturgy of the Ordinariates: Ordinary, Extraordinary, or Tertium Quid? [PDF]" (PDF). Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Roxanne King (15 October 2008). "No 'Yahweh' in liturgies is no problem for the archdiocese, officials say". Denver Catholic Register. Archdiocese of Denver. Archived from the original on 4 November 2013. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Bauman, MIchelle. "New American Bible to be revised into single translation". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 14 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "NAB New Testament Revision Project". Catholic Biblical Association of America. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Pietersma, Albert; Wright, Benjamin G. (2007). A New English Translation of the Septuagint. Oxford University Press. pp. v–vi. ISBN 9780199743971. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
Jump up ^ McDonald and Sanders' The Canon Debate, Appendix C: Lists and Catalogs of Old Testament Collections, Table C-4: Current Canons of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, page 589=590.
Jump up ^ See Deuterocanonical books#Eastern Orthodoxy
Jump up ^ Ethiopian Canon, Islamic Awareness.
Jump up ^ "Fathers". Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL).
[show]
v
t
e
Catholic Church
Index
Outline
History
(Timeline)
Jesus
Holy Family
Mary
Joseph
Apostles
Early Christianity
History of the papacy
Ecumenical councils
Missions
Great Schism of East
Crusades
Great Schism of West
Protestant Reformation
Council of Trent
Counter-Reformation
Catholic Church by country
Vatican City
index
Vatican II
Definition of the Church
Ecumenism
Dei verbum
Dignitatis humanae
Gaudium et spes
Lumen gentium
Nostra aetate
Sacrosanctum concilium
Hierarchy
(Precedence)
Pope (List)
Pope Francis (2013–)
conclave
inauguration
theology
canonizations
visits
Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI (2005–2013)
Roman Curia
College of Cardinals
Cardinal
Patriarchate
Episcopal conference
Patriarch
Major archbishop
Primate
Metropolitan
Archbishop
Diocesan bishop
Coadjutor bishop
Auxiliary bishop
Titular bishop
Bishop emeritus
Abbot
Abbess
Superior general
Provincial superior
Grand Master
Prior (-ess)
Priest
Brother
Friar
Sister
Monk
Nun
Hermit
Master of novices
Novice
Oblate
Postulant
Laity
Theology
Body and soul
Bible
Catechism
Divine grace
Dogma
Ecclesiology
Four Marks of the Church
Original sin
List
Salvation
Sermon on the Mount
Ten Commandments
Trinity
Worship
Mariology
Assumption
History
Immaculate Conception
Mariology of the popes
Mariology of the saints
Mother of God
Perpetual virginity
Veneration
Philosophy
Natural law
Moral theology
Personalism
Social teaching
Philosophers
Sacraments
Baptism
Confirmation
Eucharist
Penance
Anointing of the Sick
Last rites
Holy orders
Matrimony
Saints
Mary
Apostles
Archangels
Confessors
Disciples
Doctors of the Church
Evangelists
Church Fathers
Martyrs
Patriarchs
Prophets
Virgins
Doctors
of the
Church
Gregory the Great
Ambrose
Augustine of Hippo
Jerome
John Chrysostom
Basil of Caesarea
Gregory of Nazianzus
Athanasius of Alexandria
Cyril of Alexandria
Cyril of Jerusalem
John of Damascus
Bede the Venerable
Ephrem the Syrian
Thomas Aquinas
Bonaventure
Anselm of Canterbury
Isidore of Seville
Peter Chrysologus
Leo the Great
Peter Damian
Bernard of Clairvaux
Hilary of Poitiers
Alphonsus Liguori
Francis de Sales
Peter Canisius
John of the Cross
Robert Bellarmine
Albertus Magnus
Anthony of Padua
Lawrence of Brindisi
Teresa of Ávila
Catherine of Siena
Thérèse of Lisieux
John of Ávila
Hildegard of Bingen
Gregory of Narek
Institutes,
orders,
and societies
Assumptionists
Annonciades
Augustinians
Basilians
Benedictines
Bethlehemites
Blue nuns
Camaldoleses
Camillians
Carmelites
Carthusians
Cistercians
Clarisses
Conceptionists
Crosiers
Dominicans
Franciscans
Good Shepherd Sisters
Hieronymites
Jesuits
Mercedarians
Minims
Olivetans
Oratorians
Piarists
Premonstratensians
Redemptorists
Servites
Theatines
Trappists
Trinitarians
Visitandines
Associations
of the faithful
International Federation of Catholic Parochial Youth Movements
International Federation of Catholic Universities
International Kolping Society
Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement
International Union of Catholic Esperantists
Community of Sant'Egidio
Charities
Aid to the Church in Need
Caritas Internationalis
Catholic Home Missions
Catholic Relief Services
CIDSE
Particular
churches
(By country)
Latin Church
Eastern Catholic Churches: Albanian
Armenian
Belarusian
Bulgarian
Chaldean
Coptic
Croatian and Serbian
Eritrean
Ethiopian
Georgian
Greek
Hungarian
Italo-Albanian
Macedonian
Maronite
Melkite
Romanian
Russian
Ruthenian
Slovak
Syriac
Syro-Malabar
Syro-Malankara
Ukrainian
Liturgical rites
Alexandrian
Antiochian
Armenian
Byzantine
East Syrian
Latin
Anglican Use
Ambrosian
Mozarabic
Roman
West Syrian
Catholicism portal
Pope portal
Vatican City portal
Book
Name
Media
Category
Templates
WikiProject
Portals
Access related topics
Bible portal
Christianity portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catholic_Bible&oldid=816269634"
Categories:
Bible versions and translations
Catholic theology and doctrine
Christian terminology
Development of the Christian biblical canon
Catholic bibles
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
Bahasa Indonesia
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 December 2017, at 08:51.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: href title

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Outline_of_Catholicism
mw-redirect
Outline of Catholicism

values:
/wiki/Ecumenical_Councils
mw-redirect
Ecumenical Councils

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values:
/wiki/Catholic_Ecumenical_Councils
mw-redirect
Catholic Ecumenical Councils

values:
/wiki/Canon_law_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Canon law (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)
mw-redirect
Holy Spirit (Christianity)

values: Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant

values:
/wiki/Paschal_Mystery
mw-redirect
Paschal Mystery

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Mariology
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic Mariology

values:
/wiki/Salvation_(Christianity)
mw-redirect
Salvation (Christianity)

values:
/wiki/Catholic_ethics
mw-redirect
Catholic ethics

values: List of Catholic philosophers and theologians

values:
/wiki/Mass_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Mass (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Eucharist_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Eucharist (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Confirmation_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Confirmation (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Holy_Orders_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Holy Orders (Catholic Church)

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_prayer
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic prayer

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_devotions
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic devotions

values:
/wiki/Catholic_liturgical_rites
mw-redirect
Catholic liturgical rites

values:
/wiki/Antiochian_Rite
mw-redirect
Antiochian Rite

values:
/wiki/Maronite_Rite
mw-redirect
Maronite Rite

values:
/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Rite
mw-redirect
Syro-Malankara Rite

values:
/wiki/Ethiopic_Rite
mw-redirect
Ethiopic Rite

values: Sex and gender roles in the Catholic Church

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholic_art
mw-redirect
Roman Catholic art

values:
/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_evolution
mw-redirect
Catholic Church and evolution

values:
/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_science
mw-redirect
Catholic Church and science

values: Role of the Christian Church in civilization

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/The_Book_of_Judith
mw-redirect
The Book of Judith

values:
/wiki/Wisdom_books
mw-redirect
Wisdom books

values:
/wiki/Song_of_Solomon
mw-redirect
Song of Solomon

values:
/wiki/The_Gospels
mw-redirect
The Gospels

values:
/wiki/Pauline_Epistles
mw-redirect
Pauline Epistles

values:
/wiki/1_Corinthians
mw-redirect
1 Corinthians

values:
/wiki/2_Corinthians
mw-redirect
2 Corinthians

values:
/wiki/Epistle_to_Ephesians
mw-redirect
Epistle to Ephesians

values:
/wiki/1_Thessalonians
mw-redirect
1 Thessalonians

values:
/wiki/2_Thessalonians
mw-redirect
2 Thessalonians

values:
/wiki/General_Epistles
mw-redirect
General Epistles

values:
/wiki/Nova_Vulgata
mw-redirect
Nova Vulgata

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Douay-Rheims_Bible
mw-redirect
Douay-Rheims Bible

values: Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition

values: New Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition

values: Edit section: Differences from Catholic lectionaries

values: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops

values: Edit section: Differences from other Christian Bibles

values:
/wiki/Book_of_Psalms
mw-redirect
Book of Psalms

values:
/wiki/Tewahedo_Church_(disambiguation)
mw-redirect mw-disambig
Tewahedo Church (disambiguation)

values:
/wiki/Books_of_Maccabees
mw-redirect
Books of Maccabees

values:
/wiki/Apostolic_Church-Ordinances
mw-redirect
Apostolic Church-Ordinances

values:
/wiki/Titus_Flavius_Josephus
mw-redirect
Titus Flavius Josephus

values: Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith

values: International Commission on English in the Liturgy

values:
nofollow
external free
http://bibles.wikidot.com/westminster

values:
nofollow
external free
http://bibles.wikidot.com/spencer

values:
nofollow
http://www.nicholas-king.co.uk/
external free

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: col navbox-title 3 background-color:gold

values:
navbox-image
11
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Order of precedence in the Catholic Church

values: List of saints canonized by Pope Francis

values: List of pastoral visits of Pope Francis outside Italy

values:
/wiki/Pope_Emeritus
mw-redirect
Pope Emeritus

values: Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church

values:
/wiki/Catholic_philosophy
mw-redirect
Catholic philosophy

values:
/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)
mw-redirect
Personalism (Catholic)

values:
/wiki/Baptism_(Catholic_Church)
mw-redirect
Baptism (Catholic Church)

values: Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church

values:
/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)
mw-redirect
Saint (Catholic)

values: Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

values: Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross

values: Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd

values: Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy

values: Directory of International Associations of the Faithful

values: International Federation of Catholic Universities

values:
/wiki/International_Kolping_Society
mw-redirect
International Kolping Society

values: International Union of Catholic Esperantists

values:
/wiki/Particular_church
mw-redirect
Particular church

values: Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia

values:
/wiki/Name_of_the_Catholic_Church
mw-redirect
Name of the Catholic Church

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Category:Bible versions and translations

values: Category:Development of the Christian biblical canon

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Catholic_Bible
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: Canon bíblico de la Iglesia católica – Spanish

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Catholic_Bible rootpage-Catholic_Bible skin-vector action-view


text:
P-wave
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is on the type of seismic wave. For the term used in electrocardiography, see P wave (electrocardiography). P-wave can also refer to a type of electronic wave function in atomic physics; see atomic orbital.
Part of a series on
Earthquakes
Types
Foreshock
Aftershock
Blind thrust
Doublet
Interplate
Intraplate
Megathrust
Remotely triggered
Slow
Submarine
Supershear
Tsunami
Earthquake swarm
Causes
Fault movement
Volcanism
Induced seismicity
Characteristics
Epicenter
Hypocenter
Shadow zone
Seismic waves
P-wave
S-wave
Measurement
Seismometer
Seismic magnitude scales
Seismic intensity scales
Prediction
Coordinating Committee for
Earthquake Prediction
Forecasting
Other topics
Shear wave splitting
Adams–Williamson equation
Flinn–Engdahl regions
Earthquake engineering
Seismite
Seismology
Earth Sciences Portal
Category
Related topics
v
t
e
Plane P-wave
Representation of the propagation of a P-wave on a 2D grid (empirical shape)[clarification needed]
A P-wave is one of the two main types of elastic body waves, called seismic waves in seismology. P-waves travel faster than other seismic waves and hence are the first signal from an earthquake to arrive at any affected location or at a seismograph. P-waves may be transmitted through gases, liquids, or solids.
Contents
[hide]
1 Nomenclature
2 Seismic waves in the Earth
2.1 P-wave shadow zone
2.2 As an earthquake warning
3 Velocity
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Nomenclature[edit]
The name P-wave can stand for either pressure wave (as it is formed from alternating compressions and rarefactions) or primary wave (as it has high velocity and is therefore the first wave to be recorded by a seismograph).[1]
In isotropic and homogeneous solids, the mode of propagation of a P-wave is always longitudinal; thus, the particles in the solid vibrate along the axis of propagation (the direction of motion) of the wave energy.
Seismic waves in the Earth[edit]
See also: Core-mantle boundary, Mohorovičić discontinuity, Low-velocity zone, and Lehmann discontinuity
Velocity of seismic waves in the Earth versus depth.[2] The negligible S-wave velocity in the outer core occurs because it is liquid, while in the solid inner core the S-wave velocity is non-zero.
Primary and secondary waves are body waves that travel within the Earth. The motion and behavior of both P-type and S-type in the Earth are monitored to probe the interior structure of the Earth. Discontinuities in velocity as a function of depth are indicative of changes in phase or composition. Differences in arrival times of waves originating in a seismic event like an earthquake as a result of waves taking different paths allow mapping of the Earth's inner structure.[3][4]
P-wave shadow zone[edit]
P-wave shadow zone (from USGS)
Almost all the information available on the structure of the Earth's deep interior is derived from observations of the travel times, reflections, refractions and phase transitions of seismic body waves, or normal modes. P-waves travel through the fluid layers of the Earth's interior, and yet they are refracted slightly when they pass through the transition between the semisolid mantle and the liquid outer core. As a result, there is a P-wave "shadow zone" between 103° and 142°[5] from the earthquake's focus, where the initial P-waves are not registered on seismometers. In contrast, S-waves do not travel through liquids, rather, they are attenuated.
As an earthquake warning[edit]
Advance earthquake warning is possible by detecting the nondestructive primary waves that travel more quickly through the Earth's crust than do the destructive secondary and Rayleigh waves.
The amount of advance warning depends on the delay between the arrival of the P-wave and other destructive waves, generally on the order of seconds up to about 60 to 90 seconds for deep, distant, large quakes such as the 2011 Tohoku earthquake. The effectiveness of advance warning depends on accurate detection of the P-waves and rejection of ground vibrations caused by local activity (such as trucks or construction). Earthquake early warning systems can be automated to allow for immediate safety actions, such as issuing alerts, stopping elevators at the nearest floors and switching off utilities.
Velocity[edit]
The velocity of P-waves in a homogeneous isotropic medium is given by
v p = K + 4 3 μ ρ = λ + 2 μ ρ {\displaystyle v_{p}={\sqrt {\frac {K+{\frac {4}{3}}\mu }{\rho }}}={\sqrt {\frac {\lambda +2\mu }{\rho }}}}
where K is the bulk modulus (the modulus of incompressibility), μ {\displaystyle \mu } is the shear modulus (modulus of rigidity, sometimes denoted as G and also called the second Lamé parameter), ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the density of the material through which the wave propagates, and λ {\displaystyle \lambda } is the first Lamé parameter.
Of these, density shows the least variation, so the velocity is mostly controlled by K and μ.
The elastic moduli P-wave modulus, M {\displaystyle M} , is defined so that M = K + 4 μ / 3 {\displaystyle M=K+4\mu /3} and thereby
v p = M / ρ {\displaystyle v_{p}={\sqrt {M/\rho }}\ }
Typical values for P-wave velocity in earthquakes are in the range 5 to 8 km/s. The precise speed varies according to the region of the Earth's interior, from less than 6 km/s in the Earth's crust to 13.5 km/s in the lower mantle, and 11 km/s through the inner core.[6]
Velocity of Common Rock Types[7] hide
Rock Type
Velocity [m/s]
Velocity [ft/s]
Unconsolidated Sandstone 4600 - 5200 15000 - 17000
Consolidated Sandstone 5800 19000
Shale 1800 - 4900 6000 -16000
Limestone 5800 - 6400 19000 - 21000
Dolomite 6400 - 7300 21000 - 24000
Anhydrite 6100 20000
Granite 5800 - 6100 19000 - 20000
Gabbro 7200 23600
Geologist Francis Birch discovered a relationship between the velocity of P waves and the density of the material the waves are traveling in:
V p = a ( M ¯ ) + b ρ {\displaystyle V_{p}=a({\bar {M}})+b\rho }
which later became known as Birch's law.
See also[edit]
Earthquake early warning (Japan)
Lamb waves
Love wave
S-wave
Surface wave
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Milsom, J. (2003). Field Geophysics. The geological field guide series. 25. John Wiley and Sons. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-470-84347-5. Retrieved 2010-02-25.
Jump up ^ GR Helffrich & BJ Wood (2002). "The Earth's Mantle" (PDF). Nature. Macmillan Magazines. 412 (2 August): 501; Figure 1. doi:10.1038/35087500.
Jump up ^ Justin L Rubinstein, DR Shelly & WL Ellsworth (2009). "Non-volcanic tremor: A window into the roots of fault zones". In S. Cloetingh, Jorg Negendank. New Frontiers in Integrated Solid Earth Sciences. Springer. p. 287 ff. ISBN 90-481-2736-X. The analysis of seismic waves provides a direct high-resolution means for studying the internal structure of the Earth...
Jump up ^ CMR Fowler (2005). "§4.1 Waves through the Earth". The solid earth: an introduction to global geophysics (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 100. ISBN 0-521-58409-4. Seismology is the study of the passage of elastic waves through the Earth. It is arguably the most powerful method available for studying the structure of the interior of the Earth, especially the crust and mantle.
Jump up ^ Lowrie, William. The Fundamentals of Geophysics. Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 149.
Jump up ^ Dziewonski, Adam M.; Anderson, Don L. "Preliminary reference Earth model". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 25 (4): 297–356. Bibcode:1981PEPI...25..297D. doi:10.1016/0031-9201(81)90046-7.
Jump up ^ "Acoustic Logging". epa.gov. 2011-12-12. Retrieved 2015-02-03.
"Photo Glossary of Earthquakes". U.S. Geological Survey". Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved March 8, 2009.
External links[edit]
Animation of a P-Wave
P-Wave velocity calculator
Purdue's catalog of animated illustrations of seismic waves
Animations illustrating simple wave propagation concepts by Jeffrey S. Barker
Detection of P-waves and Rejection of Environmental Noise for Accurate Earthquake Early Warning
Bayesian Networks for Earthquake Magnitude Classification in a Early Warning System
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P-wave&oldid=849311929"
Categories:
Waves
Fluid dynamics
Seismology measurement
Seismology
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2017
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Dansk
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
Norsk nynorsk
Português
Русский
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Suomi
தமிழ்
Tiếng Việt
West-Vlams
中文
10 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 8 July 2018, at 03:35 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: td

value: tr

value: th

attrs: class style

value: li

values: padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.25em;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;width:auto;

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (November 2017)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Body_wave_(seismology)
mw-redirect
Body wave (seismology)

values:
/wiki/Seismic_waves
mw-redirect
Seismic waves

values:
/wiki/Compression_(physical)
mw-redirect
Compression (physical)

values: Edit section: Seismic waves in the Earth

values:
/wiki/Core-mantle_boundary
mw-redirect
Core-mantle boundary

values:
/wiki/Normal_modes
mw-redirect
Normal modes

values:
/wiki/Earthquake_early_warning
mw-redirect
Earthquake early warning

values: vertical-align: -3.171ex; width:29.429ex; height:8.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.402ex; height:2.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:1.202ex; height:2.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.355ex; height:2.176ex;

values:
/wiki/Elastic_moduli
mw-redirect
Elastic moduli

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.442ex; height:2.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:15.336ex; height:2.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:12.996ex; height:4.843ex;

values:
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: wikitable sortable collapsible mw-collapsible jquery-tablesorter mw-made-collapsible

values: vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:16.034ex; height:3.176ex;

values:
/wiki/Earthquake_early_warning_(Japan)
mw-redirect
Earthquake early warning (Japan)

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038/35087500

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November 2017

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/P-wave
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=P-wave&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-lained
P-lained – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-golf
P-golf – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda_P
Onda P – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-aalto
P-aalto – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: பி-அலை – Tamil

values:
https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-golve
P-golve – West Flemish
vls
vls
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vls
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-P-wave rootpage-P-wave skin-vector action-view