text:
Methane
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"CH4" redirects here. For other uses, see CH4 (disambiguation).
For the emergency service protocol, see ETHANE.
Methane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Methane[1]
Systematic IUPAC name
Carbane (never recommended[1])
Other names
Marsh gas
Natural gas
Carbon tetrahydride
Hydrogen carbide
Identifiers
CAS Number
74-82-8 Y
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
3DMet B01453
Beilstein Reference
1718732
ChEBI
CHEBI:16183 Y
ChEMBL
ChEMBL17564 Y
ChemSpider
291 Y
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.739
EC Number 200-812-7
Gmelin Reference
59
KEGG
C01438
MeSH Methane
PubChem CID
297
RTECS number PA1490000
UN number 1971
InChI[show]
InChI=1S/CH4/h1H4 Y
Key: VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
SMILES[show]
C
Properties
Chemical formula
CH4
Molar mass 16.04 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Odorless
Density
0.657 g·L−1 (gas, 25 °C, 1 atm)
0.717 g·L−1 (gas, 0 °C, 1 atm)
422.62 g·L−1 (liquid, −162 °C)[2]
Melting point −182.5 °C; −296.4 °F; 90.7 K
Boiling point −161.50 °C; −258.70 °F; 111.65 K[3]
Solubility in water
22.7 mg·L−1
Solubility Soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, benzene, toluene, methanol, acetone and insoluble in water
log P 1.09
Henry's law
constant (kH)
14 nmol·Pa−1·kg−1
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
−12.2×10−6 cm3·mol−1
Structure
Point group
Td
Molecular shape
Tetrahedron
Dipole moment
0 D
Thermochemistry
Specific
heat capacity (C)
35.69 J·(K·mol)−1
Std molar
entropy (So298)
186.25 J·(K·mol)−1
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfHo298)
−74.87 kJ·mol−1
Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcHo298)
−891.1 to −890.3 kJ·mol−1
Hazards[4]
Safety data sheet See: data page
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word DANGER
GHS hazard statements
H220
GHS precautionary statements
P210
NFPA 704
4
2
0
SA
Flash point −188 °C (−306.4 °F; 85.1 K)
Autoignition
temperature
537 °C (999 °F; 810 K)
Explosive limits 4.4–17%
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Methyl iodide
Difluoromethane
Iodoform
Carbon tetrachloride
Supplementary data page
Structure and
properties
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
Spectral data
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
verify (what is Y ?)
Infobox references
Methane (US: /ˈmɛθeɪn/ or UK: /ˈmiːθeɪn/) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4 (one atom of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen). It is a group-14 hydride and the simplest alkane, and is the main constituent of natural gas. The relative abundance of methane on Earth makes it an attractive fuel, though capturing and storing it poses challenges due to its gaseous state under normal conditions for temperature and pressure.
Natural methane is found both below ground and under the sea floor. When it reaches the surface and the atmosphere, it is known as atmospheric methane.[6] The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by about 150% since 1750, and it accounts for 20% of the total radiative forcing from all of the long-lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases.[7]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Properties and bonding
3 Chemical reactions
3.1 Acid-base reactions
3.2 Combustion
3.3 Methane Reactions
4 Uses
4.1 Fuel
4.1.1 Natural gas
4.1.2 Liquefied natural gas
4.1.3 Liquid-methane rocket fuel
4.2 Chemical feedstock
5 Generation
5.1 Geological routes
5.2 Biological routes
5.3 Industrial routes
5.3.1 Laboratory synthesis
6 Occurrence
6.1 Alternative sources
6.2 Atmospheric methane
6.3 Clathrates
7 Anaerobic oxidation of methane
8 Safety
9 Extraterrestrial methane
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
13 External links
History[edit]
In November 1776, methane was first scientifically identified by Italian physicist Alessandro Volta in the marshes of Lake Maggiore straddling Italy and Switzerland. Volta was inspired to search for the substance after reading a paper written by Benjamin Franklin about "flammable air".[8] Volta collected the gas rising from the marsh, and by 1778 had isolated the pure gas.[9] He also demonstrated that the gas could be ignited with an electric spark.[9]
The name "methane" was coined in 1866 by the German chemist August Wilhelm von Hofmann.[10] The name was derived from methanol.
Properties and bonding[edit]
Methane is a tetrahedral molecule with four equivalent C–H bonds. Its electronic structure is described by four bonding molecular orbitals (MOs) resulting from the overlap of the valence orbitals on C and H. The lowest energy MO is the result of the overlap of the 2s orbital on carbon with the in-phase combination of the 1s orbitals on the four hydrogen atoms. Above this energy level is a triply degenerate set of MOs that involve overlap of the 2p orbitals on carbon with various linear combinations of the 1s orbitals on hydrogen. The resulting "three-over-one" bonding scheme is consistent with photoelectron spectroscopic measurements.
At room temperature and standard pressure, methane is a colorless, odorless gas.[11] The familiar smell of natural gas as used in homes is achieved by the addition of an odorant, usually blends containing tert-butylthiol, as a safety measure. Methane has a boiling point of −164 °C (−257.8 °F) at a pressure of one atmosphere.[12] As a gas it is flammable over a range of concentrations (5.4–17%) in air at standard pressure.
Solid methane exists in several modifications. Presently nine are known.[13] Cooling methane at normal pressure results in the formation of methane I. This substance crystallizes in the cubic system (space group Fm3m). The positions of the hydrogen atoms are not fixed in methane I, i.e. methane molecules may rotate freely. Therefore, it is a plastic crystal.[14]
Chemical reactions[edit]
The primary chemical reactions of methane are combustion, steam reforming to syngas, and halogenation. In general, methane reactions are difficult to control. Partial oxidation to methanol, for example, is challenging because the reaction typically progresses all the way to carbon dioxide and water even with an insufficient supply of oxygen. The enzyme methane monooxygenase produces methanol from methane, but cannot be used for industrial-scale reactions.[15] Some homogeneously catalyzed systems and heterogeneous systems have been developed, but all have significant drawbacks. These generally operate by generating protected products which are shielded from overoxidation. Examples include the Catalytica system, copper zeolites, and iron zeolites stabilizing the Alpha-Oxygen active site.[16]
Acid-base reactions[edit]
Like other hydrocarbons, methane is a very weak acid. Its pKa in DMSO is estimated to be 56.[17] It cannot be deprotonated in solution, but the conjugate base with methyllithium is known.
A variety of positive ions derived from methane have been observed, mostly as unstable species in low-pressure gas mixtures. These include methenium or methyl cation CH+
3, methane cation CH+
4, and methanium or protonated methane CH+
5. Some of these have been detected in outer space. Methanium can also be produced as diluted solutions from methane with superacids. Cations with higher charge, such as CH2+
6 and CH3+
7, have been studied theoretically and conjectured to be stable.[18]
Despite the strength of its C–H bonds, there is intense interest in catalysts that facilitate C–H bond activation in methane (and other lower numbered alkanes).[19]
Combustion[edit]
Methane burns easily.
Methane's heat of combustion is 55.5 MJ/kg.[20] Combustion of methane is a multiple step reaction summarized as follows:
CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O (ΔH = −891 kJ/mol, at standard conditions)
Methane Reactions[edit]
Given appropriate conditions, methane reacts with as follows:
X• + CH4 → HX + CH3•
CH3• + X2 → CH3X + X•
where X is a halogen: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), or iodine (I). This mechanism for this process is called free radical halogenation. It is initiated with UV light or some other radical initiator. A chlorine atom is generated from elemental chlorine, which abstracts a hydrogen atom from methane, resulting in the formation of hydrogen chloride. The resulting methyl radical, CH3•, can combine with another chlorine molecule to give methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and a chlorine atom. This chlorine atom can then react with another methane (or methyl chloride) molecule, repeating the chlorination cycle.[21] Similar reactions can produce dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), chloroform (CHCl3), and, ultimately, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), depending upon reaction conditions and the chlorine to methane ratio.
Uses[edit]
Methane is used in industrial chemical processes and may be transported as a refrigerated liquid (liquefied natural gas, or LNG). While leaks from a refrigerated liquid container are initially heavier than air due to the increased density of the cold gas, the gas at ambient temperature is lighter than air. Gas pipelines distribute large amounts of natural gas, of which methane is the principal component.
Fuel[edit]
Methane is used as a fuel for ovens, homes, water heaters, kilns, automobiles,[22][23] turbines, and other things. Activated carbon is used to store methane.
Natural gas[edit]
Main article: natural gas
Methane is important for electricity generation by burning it as a fuel in a gas turbine or steam generator. Compared to other hydrocarbon fuels, methane produces less carbon dioxide for each unit of heat released. At about 891 kJ/mol, methane's heat of combustion is lower than any other hydrocarbon but the ratio of the heat of combustion (891 kJ/mol) to the molecular mass (16.0 g/mol, of which 12.0 g/mol is carbon) shows that methane, being the simplest hydrocarbon, produces more heat per mass unit (55.7 kJ/g) than other complex hydrocarbons. In many cities, methane is piped into homes for domestic heating and cooking. In this context it is usually known as natural gas, which is considered to have an energy content of 39 megajoules per cubic meter, or 1,000 BTU per standard cubic foot.
Methane in the form of compressed natural gas is used as a vehicle fuel and is claimed to be more environmentally friendly than other fossil fuels such as gasoline/petrol and diesel.[23] Research into adsorption methods of methane storage for use as an automotive fuel has been conducted.[24]
Expensive LNG tankers are required to transport methane.
Liquefied natural gas[edit]
Main article: Liquefied natural gas
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas (predominantly methane, CH4) that has been converted to liquid form for ease of storage or transport.
Liquefied natural gas occupies about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odorless, colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive. Hazards include flammability after vaporization into a gaseous state, freezing, and asphyxia.
The liquefaction process involves removal of certain components, such as dust, acid gases, helium, water, and heavy hydrocarbons, which could cause difficulty downstream. The natural gas is then condensed into a liquid at close to atmospheric pressure (maximum transport pressure set at around 25 kPa or 3.6 psi) by cooling it to approximately −162 °C (−260 °F).[citation needed]
LNG achieves a higher reduction in volume than compressed natural gas (CNG) so that the energy density of LNG is 2.4 times greater than that of CNG or 60% that of diesel fuel.[25] This makes LNG cost efficient to transport over long distances where pipelines do not exist. Specially designed cryogenic sea vessels (LNG carriers) or cryogenic road tankers are used for its transport. Methane must be cooled below its critical temperature of -82.3 °C in order to be liquified under pressure.[26]
LNG, when it is not highly refined for special uses, is principally used for transporting natural gas to markets, where it is regasified and distributed as pipeline natural gas. It is used in LNG-fueled road vehicles. However, it remains more common to design vehicles to use compressed natural gas. As of 2002[update], the relatively higher cost of LNG production and the need to store LNG in more expensive cryogenic tanks had slowed widespread commercial use.[27]
Natural gas located far from its user base is often released into the atmosphere of flared. Some is subjected to gas to liquids technologies (GTL) to produce liquid fuels, which are more readily transported than methane.
Liquid-methane rocket fuel[edit]
Refined liquid methane is used as a rocket fuel.[28] Methane is reported to offer the advantage over kerosene of depositing less carbon on the internal parts of rocket motors, reducing the difficulty of re-use of boosters.
Methane is abundant in many parts of the Solar system and potentially could be harvested on the surface of another solar-system body (in particular, using methane production from local materials found on Mars[29] or Titan), providing fuel for a return journey.[28][30]
Chemical feedstock[edit]
Methane is converted to synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, by steam reforming. This endergonic process (requiring energy) utilizes catalysts and requires high temperatures, around 700–1100 °C:
CH4 + H2O → CO + 3 H2
Methane is also subjected to free-radical chlorination in the production of chloromethanes, although methanol is a more typical precursor.[31]
Generation[edit]
See also: Biogeochemistry
Geological routes[edit]
There are two main routes for geological methane generation, organic (thermogenic), and inorganic (abiotic, meaning non-living). Thermally generated methane, referred to as thermogenic, originates from deeper sedimentary strata. Thermogenic methane (CH4) formation occurs due to the breakup of organic matter, forced by elevated temperatures and pressures. This type of methane is considered to be the primary methane type in sedimentary basins, and from an economical perspective the most important source of natural gas. Thermogenic methane components are generally considered to be relic (from an earlier time). Generally, formation of thermogenic methane (at depth) can occur through organic matter breakup, or organic synthesis. Both ways can involve microorganisms (methanogenesis) but may also occur inorganically. The involved anaerobic and aerobic processes can also consume methane, with and without microorganisms. The more important source of methane at depth (crystalline bedrock) is abiotic. Abiotic means that the methane formation took place involving inorganic compounds, without biological activity, magmatic or created at low temperatures and pressures through water-rock reactions.[32][33]
Biological routes[edit]
Main article: methanogenesis
Naturally occurring methane is mainly produced by microbial methanogenesis.[citation needed] This multistep process is used by microorganisms as an energy source. The net reaction is
CO2 + 8 H+ + 8 e− → CH4 + 2 H2O
The final step in the process is catalyzed by the enzyme Coenzyme-B sulfoethylthiotransferase. Methanogenesis is a form of anaerobic respiration used by organisms that occupy landfill, ruminants (e.g., cattle), and the guts of termites.
It is uncertain whether plants are a source of methane emissions.[34][35][36]
Industrial routes[edit]
There are many technological methane production methods. Methane created from biomass in industrial plants via biological route is called biogas. A more synthetic method to produce methane is hydrogenating carbon dioxide through the Sabatier process. Methane is also a side product of the hydrogenation of carbon monoxide in the Fischer–Tropsch process, which is practiced on a large scale to produce longer-chain molecules than methane. Example of large-scale coal-to-methane gasification is the Great Plains Synfuels plant, started in 1984 in Beulah, North Dakota as a way to develop abundant local resources of low-grade lignite, a resource that is otherwise very hard to transport for its weight, ash content, low calorific value and propensity to spontaneous combustion during storage and transport.
Power to methane is a technology that uses electrical power to produce hydrogen from water by electrolysis and uses the Sabatier reaction to combine hydrogen with carbon dioxide to produce methane. As of 2016, this is mostly under development and not in large-scale use. Theoretically, the process could be used as a buffer for excess and off-peak power generated by highly fluctuating wind generators and solar arrays. The conversion efficiency of power to methane is 49–65%, and full power–methane–power cycle is 30–38%.
Laboratory synthesis[edit]
Although methane can in principle be produced by a variety of forcing methods, it is conveniently generated by protonation of methyl lithium and methylmagnesium iodide.
Occurrence[edit]
Methane was discovered and isolated by Alessandro Volta between 1776 and 1778 when studying marsh gas from Lake Maggiore. It is the major component of natural gas, about 87% by volume. The major source of methane is extraction from geological deposits known as natural gas fields, with coal seam gas extraction becoming a major source (see Coal bed methane extraction, a method for extracting methane from a coal deposit, while enhanced coal bed methane recovery is a method of recovering methane from non-mineable coal seams). It is associated with other hydrocarbon fuels, and sometimes accompanied by helium and nitrogen. Methane is produced at shallow levels (low pressure) by anaerobic decay of organic matter and reworked methane from deep under the Earth's surface. In general, the sediments that generate natural gas are buried deeper and at higher temperatures than those that contain oil.
Methane is generally transported in bulk by pipeline in its natural gas form, or LNG carriers in its liquefied form; few countries transport it by truck.
Alternative sources[edit]
Testing Australian sheep for exhaled methane production (2001), CSIRO
Apart from gas fields, an alternative method of obtaining methane is via biogas generated by the fermentation of organic matter including manure, wastewater sludge, municipal solid waste (including landfills), or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. Rice fields also generate large amounts of methane during plant growth. Methane hydrates/clathrates (ice-like combinations of methane and water on the sea floor, found in vast quantities) are a potential future source of methane. Cattle belch methane accounts for 16% of the world's annual methane emissions to the atmosphere.[37] One study reported that the livestock sector in general (primarily cattle, chickens, and pigs) produces 37% of all human-induced methane.[38] Early research has found a number of medical treatments and dietary adjustments that help slightly limit the production of methane in ruminants.[39][40] A 2009 study found that at a conservative estimate, at least 51% of global greenhouse gas emissions were attributable to the life cycle and supply chain of livestock products, meaning all meat, dairy, and by-products, and their transportation.[41] More recently, a 2013 study estimated that livestock accounted for 44 percent of human-induced methane and 14.5 percent of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions.[42] Many efforts are underway to reduce livestock methane production and trap the gas to use as energy.[43]
Paleoclimatology research published in Current Biology suggests that flatulence from dinosaurs may have warmed the Earth.[44]
Atmospheric methane[edit]
Main article: Atmospheric methane
Methane concentrations up to May 2018 (Mauna Loa)
In 2010, methane levels in the Arctic were measured at 1850 nmol/mol. This level is over twice as high as at any time in the 400,000 years. Historic methane concentrations in the world's atmosphere have ranged between 300 and 400 nmol/mol during glacial periods commonly known as ice ages, and between 600 and 700 nmol/mol during the warm interglacial periods. The Earth's oceans are a potential important source of Arctic methane.[45]
Methane is an important greenhouse gas with a global warming potential of 34 compared to CO2 over a 100-year period, and 72 over a 20-year period.[46][47]
The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by about 150% since 1750, and it accounts for 20% of the total radiative forcing from all of the long-lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases (these gases don't include water vapor which is by far the largest component of the greenhouse effect).[7]
Clathrates[edit]
Methane is essentially insoluble in water, but significant deposits of methane clathrate have been found under sediments on the ocean floors of Earth at large depths. Estimates consider up to 15,000 gigatonnes of carbon may be stored in the form of clathrates (hydrates) in the ocean floor, not accounting for abiotic methane, a relatively newly discovered source of methane, formed below the ocean floor, in the earth crust.[48] It has been suggested, that today's methane emission regime from the ocean floor, is potentially similar to that during the PETM.[49]
Arctic methane release from permafrost and methane clathrates is an expected consequence and further cause of global warming.[50][51][52]
Anaerobic oxidation of methane[edit]
There is a group of bacteria that drive methane oxidation with nitrite as the oxidant, the anaerobic oxidation of methane.[53]
Safety[edit]
Methane is nontoxic, yet it is extremely flammable and may form explosive mixtures with air. Methane is also an asphyxiant if the oxygen concentration is reduced to below about 16% by displacement, as most people can tolerate a reduction from 21% to 16% without ill effects. The concentration of methane at which asphyxiation risk becomes significant is much higher than the 5–15% concentration in a flammable or explosive mixture. Methane off-gas can penetrate the interiors of buildings near landfills and expose occupants to significant levels of methane. Some buildings have specially engineered recovery systems below their basements to actively capture this gas and vent it away from the building.
Methane gas explosions are responsible for many deadly mining disasters.[54] A methane gas explosion was the cause of the Upper Big Branch coal mine disaster in West Virginia on April 5, 2010, killing 29.[55]
Extraterrestrial methane[edit]
Main article: extraterrestrial atmosphere
Methane has been detected or is believed to exist on all planets of the solar system and most of the larger moons. With the possible exception of Mars, it is believed to have come from abiotic processes.[56][57]
Methane (CH4) on Mars – potential sources and sinks.
On June 7th of 2018, NASA disclosed in a press conference that its Curiosity rover had documented seasonal fluctuations of atmospheric methane levels on Mars. These fluctuations peaked at the end of the Martian summer at 0.6 parts per billion.[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]
Methane has been proposed as a possible rocket propellant on future Mars missions due in part to the possibility of synthesizing it on the planet by in situ resource utilization.[66] An adaptation of the Sabatier methanation reaction may be used with a mixed catalyst bed and a reverse water-gas shift in a single reactor to produce methane from the raw materials available on Mars, utilizing water from the Martian subsoil and carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere.[29]
Methane could be produced by a non-biological process called ’'serpentinization[a] involving water, carbon dioxide, and the mineral olivine, which is known to be common on Mars.[67]
See also[edit]
Sustainable development portal
2007 Zasyadko mine disaster
Abiogenic petroleum origin
Aerobic methane production
Anaerobic digestion
Anaerobic respiration
Arctic methane emissions
Biogas
Coal Oil Point seep field
Energy density
Gas
Global Methane Initiative
Greenhouse gas
Halomethane, halogenated methane derivatives.
Industrial gas
Lake Kivu (more general: limnic eruption)
List of straight-chain alkanes
Methanation
Methane clathrate, ice that contains methane.
Methane (data page)
Methane on Mars: atmosphere
Methane on Mars: climate
Methanogen, archaea that produce methane.
Methanogenesis, microbes that produce methane.
Methanotroph, bacteria that grow with methane.
Methyl group, a functional group related to methane.
Thomas Gold
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ There are many serpentinization reactions. Olivine is a solid solution between forsterite and fayalite whose general formula is (Fe,Mg)2SiO4. The reaction producing methane from olivine can be written as: Forsterite + Fayalite + Water + Carbonic acid → Serpentine + Magnetite + Methane , or (in balanced form): 18 Mg2SiO4 + 6 Fe2SiO4 + 26 H2O + CO2 → 12 Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 + 4 Fe3O4 + CH4
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. pp. 3–4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Methane is a retained name (see P-12.3) that is preferred to the systematic name ‘carbane’, a name never recommended to replace methane, but used to derive the names ‘carbene’ and ‘carbyne’ for the radicals H2C2• and HC3•, respectively.
Jump up ^ "Gas Encyclopedia". Retrieved November 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/methane#section=Chemical-and-Physical-Properties
Jump up ^ "Safety Datasheet, Material Name: Methane" (PDF). USA: Metheson Tri-Gas Incorporated. December 4, 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 4, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US GOV. "METHANE". noaa.gov.
Jump up ^ Khalil, M. A. K. (1999). "Non-Co2 Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere". Annual Review of Energy and the Environment. 24: 645–661. doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.24.1.645.
^ Jump up to: a b "Technical summary". Climate Change 2001. United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ Volta, Alessandro (1777) Lettere del Signor Don Alessandro Volta ... Sull' Aria Inflammable Nativa Delle Paludi [Letters of Signor Don Alessandro Volta ... on the flammable native air of the marshes], Milan, Italy: Giuseppe Marelli.
^ Jump up to: a b "Methane". BookRags. Retrieved January 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ See:
A. W. Hofmann (1866) "On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monoamines," Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 15 : 55– 62; see footnote on pp. 57–58.
James Michael McBride (1999) "Development of systematic names for the simple alkanes". Available online at Chemistry Department, Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut).
Jump up ^ Hensher, David A. & Button, Kenneth J. (2003). Handbook of transport and the environment. Emerald Group Publishing. p. 168. ISBN 0-08-044103-3.
Jump up ^ Methane Phase change data. NIST Chemistry Webbook.
Jump up ^ Bini, R.; Pratesi, G. (1997). "High-pressure infrared study of solid methane: Phase diagram up to 30 GPa". Physical Review B. 55 (22): 14800–14809. doi:10.1103/physrevb.55.14800.
Jump up ^ Wendelin Himmelheber. "Crystal structures". Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved June 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Baik, Mu-Hyun; Newcomb, Martin; Friesner, Richard A.; Lippard, Stephen J. (2003). "Mechanistic Studies on the Hydroxylation of Methane by Methane Monooxygenase". Chemical Reviews. 103 (6): 2385–419. doi:10.1021/cr950244f. PMID 12797835.
Jump up ^ Snyder, Benjamin E. R.; Bols, Max L.; Schoonheydt, Robert A.; Sels, Bert F.; Solomon, Edward I. (2017-12-19). "Iron and Copper Active Sites in Zeolites and Their Correlation to Metalloenzymes". Chemical Reviews. 118 (5): 2718–2768. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00344. ISSN 0009-2665.
Jump up ^ Bordwell, Frederick G. (1988). "Equilibrium acidities in dimethyl sulfoxide solution". Accounts of Chemical Research. 21 (12): 456–463. doi:10.1021/ar00156a004.
Jump up ^ Rasul, G.; Surya Prakash, G. K.; Olah, G. A. (2011). "Comparative study of the hypercoordinate carbonium ions and their boron analogs: A challenge for spectroscopists". Chemical Physics Letters. 517: 1–8. Bibcode:2011CPL...517....1R. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2011.10.020.
Jump up ^ Bernskoetter, W.H.; Schauer, C.K.; Goldberg, K.I.; Brookhart, M. (2009). "Characterization of a Rhodium(I) σ-Methane Complex in Solution". Science. 326 (5952): 553–556. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..553B. doi:10.1126/science.1177485. PMID 19900892.
Jump up ^ Energy Content of some Combustibles (in MJ/kg). People.hofstra.edu. Retrieved on March 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ March, Jerry (1968). Advance Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms and Structure. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. pp. 533–534.
Jump up ^ "Lumber Company Locates Kilns at Landfill to Use Methane – Energy Manager Today". Energy Manager Today. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
^ Jump up to: a b Cornell, Clayton B. (April 29, 2008). "Natural Gas Cars: CNG Fuel Almost Free in Some Parts of the Country". Compressed natural gas is touted as the 'cleanest burning' alternative fuel available, since the simplicity of the methane molecule reduces tailpipe emissions of different pollutants by 35 to 97%. Not quite as dramatic is the reduction in net greenhouse-gas emissions, which is about the same as corn-grain ethanol at about a 20% reduction over gasoline
Jump up ^ Düren, Tina; Sarkisov, Lev; Yaghi, Omar M.; Snurr, Randall Q. (2004). "Design of New Materials for Methane Storage". Langmuir. 20 (7): 2683–9. doi:10.1021/la0355500. PMID 15835137.
Jump up ^ "Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)". Envocare Ltd. March 21, 2007. Retrieved September 3, 2008.
Jump up ^ https://www.afdc.energy.gov/fuels/fuel_properties.php
Jump up ^ Fuels of the Future for Cars and Trucks, Dr. James J. Eberhardt, U.S. Department of Energy, 2002 Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction (DEER) Workshop, August 25–29, 2002
^ Jump up to: a b Thunnissen, Daniel P.; Guernsey, C. S.; Baker, R. S.; Miyake, R. N. (2004). "Advanced Space Storable Propellants for Outer Planet Exploration". American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (4–0799): 28.
^ Jump up to: a b Zubrin, R. M.; Muscatello, A. C.; Berggren, M. (2013). "Integrated Mars in Situ Propellant Production System". Journal of Aerospace Engineering. 26: 43–56. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000201.
Jump up ^ "Methane Blast". NASA. May 4, 2007. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rossberg, M. et al. (2006) "Chlorinated Hydrocarbons" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_233.pub2
Jump up ^ Kietäväinen and Purkamo (2015). "The origin, source, and cycling of methane in deep crystalline rock biosphere". Front. Microbiol. 6: 725. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00725. PMC 4505394  . PMID 26236303.
Jump up ^ Cramer and Franke (2005). "Indications for an active petroleum system in the Laptev Sea, NE Siberia". Journal of Petroleum Geology. 28 (4): 369–384. doi:10.1111/j.1747-5457.2005.tb00088.x.
Jump up ^ Hamilton, J. T.; McRoberts, W. C.; Keppler, F.; Kalin, R. M.; Harper, D. B. (2003). "Chloride methylation by plant pectin: an efficient environmentally significant process". Science. 301 (5630): 206–209. Bibcode:2003Sci...301..206H. doi:10.1126/science.1085036. PMID 12855805.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Claire (January 14, 2009). "Methane Emissions? Don't Blame Plants". Science Magazine.
Jump up ^ "Plants do emit methane after all". New Scientist. December 2, 2007.
Jump up ^ Miller, G. Tyler (2007). Sustaining the Earth: An Integrated Approach. U.S.A.: Thomson Advantage Books, ISBN 0534496725, p. 160.
Jump up ^ FAO (2006). Livestock's Long Shadow–Environmental Issues and Options. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Retrieved October 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Roach, John (May 13, 2002). "New Zealand Tries to Cap Gaseous Sheep Burps". National Geographic. Retrieved March 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Research on use of bacteria from the stomach lining of kangaroos (who don't emit methane) to reduce methane in cattle. Alternet.org (January 3, 2008). Retrieved on May 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Goodland, Robert & Anhang, Jeff (November–December 2009). "Livestock and Climate Change" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: World Watch.
Jump up ^ Gerber, P.J.; Steinfeld, H.; Henderson, B.; Mottet, A.; Opio, C.; Dijkman, J.; Falcucci, A. & Tempio, G. (2013). "Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock". Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
Jump up ^ Silverman, Jacob (July 16, 2007). "Do cows pollute as much as cars?". HowStuffWorks.com.
Jump up ^ Dinosaurs passing wind may have caused climate change. Archived May 8, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Telegraph (May 7, 2012). Retrieved on May 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Study Finds Surprising Arctic Methane Emission Source". NASA. April 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, Table 8.7, Chap. 8, p. 8–58 (PDF; 8,0 MB)
Jump up ^ Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Koch, D. M.; Schmidt, G. A.; Unger, N.; Bauer, S. E. (2009). "Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions". Science. 326 (5953): 716–718. Bibcode:2009Sci...326..716S. doi:10.1126/science.1174760. PMID 19900930.
Jump up ^ Sojtaric, Maja (April 13, 2015). "New Source Of Methane Discovered In The Arctic Ocean". CAGE.
Jump up ^ Ruppel and Kessler (2017). "The interaction of climate change and methane hydrates". Reviews of Geophysics. 55: 126–168. doi:10.1002/2016RG000534. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ "Methane Releases From Arctic Shelf May Be Much Larger and Faster Than Anticipated" (Press release). National Science Foundation (NSF). March 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Connor, Steve (December 13, 2011). "Vast methane 'plumes' seen in Arctic ocean as sea ice retreats". The Independent.
Jump up ^ "Arctic sea ice reaches lowest extent for the year and the satellite record" (Press release). The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). September 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Reimann, Joachim; Jetten, Mike S.M.; Keltjens, Jan T. (2015). "Chapter 7 Metal Enzymes in "Impossible" Microorganisms Catalyzing the Anaerobic Oxidation of Ammonium and Methane". In Peter M.H. Kroneck and Martha E. Sosa Torres. Sustaining Life on Planet Earth: Metalloenzymes Mastering Dioxygen and Other Chewy Gases. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 15. Springer. pp. 257–313. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-12415-5_7.
Jump up ^ Dozolme, Philippe. "Common Mining Accidents". About.com.
Jump up ^ Lawrence Messina & Greg Bluestein (April 8, 2010). "Fed official: Still too soon for W.Va. mine rescue". News.yahoo.com. Retrieved April 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ Chang, Kenneth (November 2, 2012). "Hope of Methane on Mars Fades". New York Times. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ Atreya, Sushil K.; Mahaffy, Paul R.; Wong, Ah-San (2007). "Methane and related trace species on Mars: origin, loss, implications for life, and habitability". Planetary and Space Science. 55 (3): 358–369. doi:10.1016/j.pss.2006.02.005. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ Brown, Dwayne; Wendel, JoAnna; Steigerwald, Bill; Jones, Nancy; Good, Andrew (June 7, 2018). "Release 18-050 - NASA Finds Ancient Organic Material, Mysterious Methane on Mars". NASA. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ NASA (June 7, 2018). "Ancient Organics Discovered on Mars - video (03:17)". NASA. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wall, Mike (June 7, 2018). "Curiosity Rover Finds Ancient 'Building Blocks for Life' on Mars". Space.com. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Chang, Kenneth (June 7, 2018). "Life on Mars? Rover's Latest Discovery Puts It 'On the Table' - The identification of organic molecules in rocks on the red planet does not necessarily point to life there, past or present, but does indicate that some of the building blocks were present". The New York Times. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Voosen, Paul (June 7, 2018). "NASA rover hits organic pay dirt on Mars". Science. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ ten Kate, Inge Loes (June 8, 2018). "Organic molecules on Mars". Science. 360 (6393): 1068–1069. doi:10.1126/science.aat2662. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Webster, Christopher R.; et al. (June 8, 2018). "Background levels of methane in Mars' atmosphere show strong seasonal variations". Science. 360 (6393): 1093–1096. doi:10.1126/science.aaaq0131. Retrieved June 8, 2018. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jump up ^ Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.; et al. (June 8, 2018). "Organic matter preserved in 3-billion-year-old mudstones at Gale crater, Mars". Science. 360 (6393): 1096–1101. doi:10.1126/science.aaas9185. Retrieved June 8, 2018. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jump up ^ Richardson, Derek (2016-09-27). "Elon Musk Shows Off Interplanetary Transport System". Spaceflight Insider. Retrieved 2016-10-03.
Jump up ^ Oze, C.; Sharma, M. (2005). "Have olivine, will gas: Serpentinization and the abiogenic production of methane on Mars". Geophysical Research Letters. 32 (10): L10203. Bibcode:2005GeoRL..3210203O. doi:10.1029/2005GL022691.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Methane.
Look up methane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Methane at The Periodic Table of Videos (University of Nottingham)
International Chemical Safety Card 0291
Gas (Methane) Hydrates -- A New Frontier – United States Geological Survey
Catalytic conversion of methane to more useful chemicals and fuels: a challenge for the 21st century – Catalysis Today
CDC – Handbook for Methane Control in Mining
show
v
t
e
Alkanes
Methane (CH
4)
Ethane (C
2H
6)
Propane (C
3H
8)
Butane (C
4H
10)
Pentane (C
5H
12)
Hexane (C
6H
14)
Heptane (C
7H
16)
Octane (C
8H
18)
Nonane (C
9H
20)
Decane (C
10H
22)
Undecane (C
11H
24)
Dodecane (C
12H
26)
Tridecane (C
13H
28)
Tetradecane (C
14H
30)
Pentadecane (C
15H
32)
Hexadecane / Cetane (C
16H
34)
Heptadecane (C
17H
36)
Octadecane (C
18H
38)
Nonadecane (C
19H
40)
Icosane (C
20H
42)
Heneicosane (C
21H
44)
Tetracosane (C
24H
50)
Nonacosane (C
29H
60)
Hentriacontane (C
31H
64)
Higher alkanes
List of alkanes
show
v
t
e
Fuel gas
Types
Manufactured fuel gas
(History)
Coal gas
Coal gasification
Underground coal gasification
Biogas
Blast furnace gas
Blau gas
Gasification
Landfill gas
Mond gas
Pintsch gas
Producer gas
Regasification
Syngas
Water gas
Wood gas
Natural gas
APG
CBM
CNG
HCNG
LNG
NGC
SNG
Bio-SNG
LPG
Autogas
Butane
Propane
Infrastructure
Compressor station
Gas carrier
Gas holder
Gas meter
Gasworks
Natural-gas processing
Natural gas storage
Odorizer
Pipeline transport
Uses
Bunsen burner
Gas burner
Gas engine
Gas heater
Gas lighting
Gas mantle
Gas stove
Gas turbine
Pilot light
show
v
t
e
Molecules detected in outer space
Molecules
Diatomic
Aluminium monochloride
Aluminium monofluoride
Aluminium monoxide
Argonium
Carbon monophosphide
Carbon monosulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carborundum
Cyanogen radical
Diatomic carbon
Fluoromethylidynium
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen (molecular)
Hydroxyl radical
Iron(II) oxide
Magnesium monohydride cation
Methylidyne radical
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen (molecular)
Nitrogen monohydride
Nitrogen sulfide
Oxygen (molecular)
Phosphorus monoxide
Phosphorus mononitride
Potassium chloride
Silicon carbide
Silicon mononitride
Silicon monoxide
Silicon monosulfide
Sodium chloride
Sodium iodide
Sulfur monohydride
Sulfur monoxide
Titanium oxide

Triatomic
Aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium isocyanide
Amino radical
Carbon dioxide
Carbonyl sulfide
CCP radical
Chloronium
Diazenylium
Dicarbon monoxide
Disilicon carbide
Ethynyl radical
Formyl radical
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
Hydrogen isocyanide (HNC)
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydroperoxyl
Iron cyanide
Isoformyl
Magnesium cyanide
Magnesium isocyanide
Methylene radical
N2H+
Nitrous oxide
Nitroxyl
Ozone
Phosphaethyne
Potassium cyanide
Protonated molecular hydrogen
Sodium cyanide
Sodium hydroxide
Silicon carbonitride
c-Silicon dicarbide
Silicon naphthalocyanine
Sulfur dioxide
Thioformyl
Thioxoethenylidene
Titanium dioxide
Tricarbon
Water
Four
atoms
Acetylene
Ammonia
Cyanic acid
Cyanoethynyl
Cyclopropynylidyne
Formaldehyde
Fulminic acid
HCCN
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydromagnesium isocyanide
Isocyanic acid
Isothiocyanic acid
Ketenyl
Methylene amidogen
Methyl radical
Propynylidyne
Protonated carbon dioxide
Protonated hydrogen cyanide
Silicon tricarbide
Thioformaldehyde
Tricarbon monoxide
Tricarbon sulfide
Thiocyanic acid
Five
atoms
Ammonium ion
Butadiynyl
Carbodiimide
Cyanamide
Cyanoacetylene
Cyanoformaldehyde
Cyanomethyl
Cyclopropenylidene
Formic acid
Isocyanoacetylene
Ketene
Methane
Methoxy radical
Methylenimine
Propadienylidene
Protonated formaldehyde
Protonated formaldehyde
Silane
Silicon-carbide cluster
Six
atoms
Acetonitrile
Cyanobutadiynyl radical
E-Cyanomethanimine
Cyclopropenone
Diacetylene
Ethylene
Formamide
HC4N
Ketenimine
Methanethiol
Methanol
Methyl isocyanide
Pentynylidyne
Propynal
Protonated cyanoacetylene
Seven
atoms
Acetaldehyde
Acrylonitrile
Vinyl cyanide
Cyanodiacetylene
Ethylene oxide
Hexatriynyl radical
Methylacetylene
Methylamine
Methyl isocyanate
Vinyl alcohol
Eight
atoms
Acetic acid
Aminoacetonitrile
Cyanoallene
Ethanimine
Glycolaldehyde
Heptatrienyl radical
Hexapentaenylidene
Methylcyanoacetylene
Methyl formate
Propenal
Nine
atoms
Acetamide
Cyanohexatriyne
Cyanotriacetylene
Dimethyl ether
Ethanol
Methyldiacetylene
Octatetraynyl radical
Propene
Propionitrile
Ten
atoms
or more
Acetone
Benzene
Benzonitrile
Buckminsterfullerene (C60 fullerene, buckyball)
C70 fullerene
Cyanodecapentayne
Cyanopentaacetylene
Cyanotetra-acetylene
Ethylene glycol
Ethyl formate
Methyl acetate
Methyl-cyano-diacetylene
Methyltriacetylene
Propanal
n-Propyl cyanide
Pyrimidine
Deuterated
molecules
Ammonia
Ammonium ion
Formaldehyde
Formyl radical
Heavy water
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen deuteride
Hydrogen isocyanide
Methylacetylene
N2D+
Trihydrogen cation
Unconfirmed
Anthracene
Dihydroxyacetone
Ethyl methyl ether
Glycine
Graphene
H2NCO+
Linear C5
Naphthalene cation
Phosphine
Pyrene
Silylidine
Related
Abiogenesis
Astrobiology
Astrochemistry
Atomic and molecular astrophysics
Chemical formula
Circumstellar envelope
Cosmic dust
Cosmic ray
Cosmochemistry
Diffuse interstellar band
Earliest known life forms
Extraterrestrial life
Extraterrestrial liquid water
Forbidden mechanism
Helium hydride ion
Homochirality
Intergalactic dust
Interplanetary medium
Interstellar medium
Photodissociation region
Iron–sulfur world theory
Kerogen
Molecules in stars
Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
Organic compound
Outer space
PAH world hypothesis
Panspermia
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
RNA world hypothesis
Spectroscopy
Tholin
Category:Astrochemistry
Portal:Astrobiology
show
v
t
e
Binary compounds of hydrogen
Alkali metal hydrides
LiH
NaH
KH
RbH
CsH

Lithium hydride, LiH
ionic metal hydride

Beryllium hydride
Left (gas phase): BeH2
covalent metal hydride
Right: (BeH2)n (solid phase)
polymeric metal hydride

Borane and diborane
Left: BH3 (special conditions), covalent metalloid hydride
Right: B2H6 (standard conditions), dimeric metalloid hydride

Methane, CH4
covalent nonmetal hydride

Ammonia, NH3
covalent nonmetal hydride

Water, H2O
covalent nonmetal hydride

Hydrogen fluoride, HF
covalent nonmetal hydride
Alkaline earth hydrides
Monohydrides
BeH
MgH
CaH
SrH
BaH
BeH2
MgH2
CaH2
SrH2
BaH2
Group 13 hydrides
Boranes
BH3
B2H6
B2H2
B2H4
Alanes
AlH3
Al2H6
Gallanes
GaH3
Ga2H6
Indiganes
InH3
In2H6
Thallanes
TlH3
Tl2H6
B2H2
B2H4
B4H10
B5H9
B5H11
B6H10
B6H12
B10H14
B18H22
Group 14 hydrides
Linear alkanes
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
more...
Linear alkenes
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
C6H12
C7H14
C8H16
C9H18
C10H20
more...
Linear alkynes
C2H2
C3H4
C4H6
C5H8
C6H10
C7H12
C8H14
C9H16
C10H18
more...
Silanes
SiH4
Si2H6
Si3H8
Si4H10
Si5H12
Si6H14
Si7H16
Si8H18
Si9H20
Si10H22
more...
Silenes
Si2H4
Silynes
Si2H2
Germanes
GeH4
Ge2H6
Ge3H8
Ge4H10
Ge5H12
Stannanes
SnH4
Sn2H6
Plumbanes
PbH4
CH
CH2
CH3
C2H
Cycloalkanes
Cycloalkenes
Annulenes
Many more
Pnictogen hydrides
Azanes
NH3
N2H4
N3H5
N4H6
N5H7
N6H8
N7H9
N8H10
N9H11
N10H12
more...
Azenes
N2H2
N3H3
N4H4
Phosphanes
PH3
P2H4
P3H5
P4H6
P5H7
P6H8
P7H9
P8H10
P9H11
P10H12
more...
Phosphenes
P2H2
P3H3
P4H4
Arsanes
AsH3
As2H4
Stibanes
SbH3
Bismuthanes
BiH3
HN3
NH
radical
Hydrogen chalcogenides
Polyoxidanes
H2O
H2O2
H2O3
H2O4
H2O5
H2O6
H2O7
H2O8
H2O9
H2O10
more...
Polysulfanes
H2S
H2S2
H2S3
H2S4
H2S5
H2S6
H2S7
H2S8
H2S9
H2S10
more...
Selanes
H2Se
H2Se2
Tellanes
H2Te
H2Te2
Polanes
PoH2
HO
HO2
HO3
H2O+–O–
H2S=S
(HS)2S+–S–
HS
HDO
D2O
T2O
Hydrogen halides
HF
HCl
HBr
HI
HAt
Transition metal hydrides
ScH2
YH2
YH3
TiH2
ZrH2
HfH2
VH
VH2
NbH
NbH2
TaH
CrH
CrH2
CrHx
NiH
PdHx (x < 1)
FeH
FeH2
FeH5
CuH
ZnH2
CdH2
HgH2
Lanthanide hydrides
LaH2
LaH3
CeH2
CeH3
PrH2
PrH3
NdH2
NdH3
SmH2
SmH3
EuH2
GdH2
GdH3
TbH2
TbH3
DyH2
DyH3
HoH2
HoH3
ErH2
ErH3
TmH2
TmH3
YbH2
YbH2.5
LuH2
LuH3
Actinide hydrides
AcH2
ThH2
Th4H15
PaH3
UH3
NpH2
NpH3
PuH2
PuH3
AmH2
AmH3
CmH2
Authority control
GND: 4169678-5
NDL: 00576602
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Methane&oldid=846410063"
Categories:
Anaerobic digestion
Fuel gas
Fuels
Greenhouse gases
Industrial gases
Methane
Gaseous signaling molecules
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter
CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.
Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
Use mdy dates from March 2014
Articles without InChI source
Articles without UNII source
ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata
Articles with changed KEGG identifier
Chembox having GHS data
Chemical articles having a data page
Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes
Chembox image size set
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2002
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Brezhoneg
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Cymraeg
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Эрзянь
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gaeilge
Gaelg
Galego
ગુજરાતી
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Basa Jawa
ಕನ್ನಡ
ქართული
Қазақша
Kiswahili
Kurdî
Кыргызча
Latina
Latviešu
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Ligure
Limburgs
Lumbaart
Magyar
Македонски
മലയാളം
मराठी
Bahasa Melayu
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nederlands
नेपाली
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
Oromoo
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
پنجابی
Piemontèis
Plattdüütsch
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Seeltersk
Shqip
Sicilianu
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ
Ślůnski
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
தமிழ்
Татарча/tatarça
తెలుగు
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
文言
Winaray
吴语
Yorùbá
粵語
中文
94 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 18 June 2018, at 16:06 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/CH4_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
CH4 (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

attrs: href title

value: caption

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Stereo, skeletal formula of methane with some measurements added

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

values:
/wiki/File:Methane-CRC-MW-3D-balls.png
image
Ball and stick model of methane

values:
/wiki/File:Methane-3D-space-filling.svg
image
Spacefill model of methane

values: background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;

values: max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;

values: chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)

values:
/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard
mw-redirect
ECHA InfoCard

values: European Community number (chemical identifier)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.kegg.jp/entry/C01438

values: font-size: 105%; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;

values: word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;

values: border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;

values: list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame1

values: Simplified molecular-input line-entry system

values: border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame2

values:
/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity
mw-redirect
Specific heat capacity

values: The flame pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)

values: Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals

values:
/wiki/GHS_hazard_statement
mw-redirect
GHS hazard statement

values: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces – No smoking

values: Flammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g., propane

values: Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform

values: Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen

values: Special hazard SA: Simple asphyxiant gas. E.g., nitrogen, helium

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height usemap

values: width:12px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:12px; left:35px;

values: width:13px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:31px; left:15px;

values: width:13px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:31px; left:54px;

values: font-size:15px; color:black; width:23px; position:absolute; left:29px;

values: vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; line-height:80%; position:absolute; top:52px;

values: width:100%; background:transparent; margin:0 auto; width:82px; font-family:sans-serif background:; float:left; font-size:20px; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; position:relative; height:80px; width:80px; padding:1px;

values:
/wiki/Explosive_limit
mw-redirect
Explosive limit

values:
/wiki/Dielectric_constant
mw-redirect
Dielectric constant

values:
/wiki/UV/VIS_spectroscopy
mw-redirect
UV/VIS spectroscopy

values:
/wiki/NMR_spectroscopy
mw-redirect
NMR spectroscopy

values: margin:0 auto; text-align:left; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;

values: background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;

values: width:40%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-right:1px solid transparent;

values: width:60%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-left:1px solid transparent;

values:
/wiki/Group-14_hydride
mw-redirect
Group-14 hydride

values: Standard conditions for temperature and pressure

values:
/wiki/Italian_people
mw-redirect
Italian people

values:
/wiki/Standard_pressure
mw-redirect
Standard pressure

values:
/wiki/Conjugate_base
mw-redirect
Conjugate base

values: List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules

values:
/wiki/C%E2%80%93H_bond_activation
mw-redirect
C–H bond activation

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: A young woman holding a flame in her hands

values:
/wiki/Free_radical_halogenation
mw-redirect
Free radical halogenation

values:
/wiki/Methyl_chloride
mw-redirect
Methyl chloride

values:
/wiki/Vehicle_fuel
mw-redirect
Vehicle fuel

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Critical_temperature
mw-redirect
Critical temperature

values:
/wiki/Natural_gas_vehicles
mw-redirect
Natural gas vehicles

values: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

values:
/wiki/Dewar_flask
mw-redirect
Dewar flask

values:
/wiki/Gas_to_liquid
mw-redirect
Gas to liquid

values: Edit section: Liquid-methane rocket fuel

values:
/wiki/Rocket_fuel
mw-redirect
Rocket fuel

values:
/wiki/Synthesis_gas
mw-redirect
Synthesis gas

values: Diagram of sustainable methane fuel production.PNG

values:
/wiki/Sabatier_process
mw-redirect
Sabatier process

values:
/wiki/Great_Plains_Synfuels
mw-redirect
Great Plains Synfuels

values:
/wiki/Power_to_gas#Power_to_methane
mw-redirect
Power to gas

values:
/wiki/Wind_generators
mw-redirect
Wind generators

values:
/wiki/Methyl_lithium
mw-redirect
Methyl lithium

values:
/wiki/Methylmagnesium_iodide
mw-redirect
Methylmagnesium iodide

values:
/wiki/Natural_gas_fields
mw-redirect
Natural gas fields

values:
/wiki/Coal_seam_gas
mw-redirect
Coal seam gas

values:
/wiki/Coal_bed_methane_extraction
mw-redirect
Coal bed methane extraction

values:
/wiki/Fermentation_(biochemistry)
mw-redirect
Fermentation (biochemistry)

values:
/wiki/Arctic_methane_release
mw-redirect
Arctic methane release

values: Edit section: Anaerobic oxidation of methane

values:
/wiki/Solar_system
mw-redirect
Solar system

values:
/wiki/Life_on_Mars_(planet)
mw-redirect
Life on Mars (planet)

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: -moz-column-width: 22em; -webkit-column-width: 22em; column-width: 22em;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1103%2Fphysrevb.55.14800

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1021%2Fcr950244f

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12797835

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.chemrev.7b00344

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0009-2665

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1021%2Far00156a004

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1177485

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900892

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1021%2Fla0355500

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15835137

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.3389%2Ffmicb.2015.00725

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26236303

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1085036

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12855805

values:
nofollow
http://www.alternet.org/story/72339/
external text

values: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1174760

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19900930

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002%2F2016RG000534

values: Category:CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pss.2006.02.005

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aat2662

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aaaq0131

values: Category:CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aaas9185

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1029%2F2005GL022691

values: -moz-column-width: 35em; -webkit-column-width: 35em; column-width: 35em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos
mw-redirect
The Periodic Table of Videos

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
/wiki/History_of_manufactured_gas
mw-redirect
History of manufactured gas

values:
/wiki/Pintsch_gas
mw-redirect
Pintsch gas

values:
/wiki/File:Gas_flame.jpg
image
Gas flame

values:
navbox-image
3
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Template:Molecules detected in outer space

values: Template talk:Molecules detected in outer space

values: Fluoromethylidynium (page does not exist)

values: Magnesium monohydride cation (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Interstellar_nitrogen_monohydride
mw-redirect
Interstellar nitrogen monohydride

values:
/wiki/Mononitrogen_monosulfide
mw-redirect
Mononitrogen monosulfide

values: Phosphorus monoxide (page does not exist)

values:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Aluminium isocyanide (page does not exist)

values: Magnesium isocyanide (page does not exist)

values: Silicon carbonitride (page does not exist)

values: C-Silicon dicarbide (page does not exist)

values: Silicon naphthalocyanine (page does not exist)

values: Cyclopropynylidyne (page does not exist)

values: Hydromagnesium isocyanide (page does not exist)

values: Methylene amidogen (page does not exist)

values: Silicon tricarbide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Tricarbon_sulfide
mw-redirect
Tricarbon sulfide

values: Protonated formaldehyde (page does not exist)

values: Cyanobutadiynyl radical (page does not exist)

values: E-Cyanomethanimine (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Vinyl_cyanide
mw-redirect
Vinyl cyanide

values: Heptatrienyl radical (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Diffuse_interstellar_band
mw-redirect
Diffuse interstellar band

values:
/wiki/Iron%E2%80%93sulfur_world_theory
mw-redirect
Iron–sulfur world theory

values:
/wiki/RNA_world_hypothesis
mw-redirect
RNA world hypothesis

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values:
/wiki/Alkali_metal_hydride
mw-redirect
Alkali metal hydride

values:
navbox-image
10
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Alkaline_earth_hydride
mw-redirect
Alkaline earth hydride

values: Strontium monohydride (page does not exist)

values: Barium monohydride (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Group_15_hydride
mw-redirect
Group 15 hydride

values:
/wiki/Nitrogen_monohydride
mw-redirect
Nitrogen monohydride

values:
/wiki/Group_16_hydride
mw-redirect
Group 16 hydride

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_tetroxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen tetroxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_pentoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen pentoxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_hexoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen hexoxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_heptoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen heptoxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_octoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen octoxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_nonoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen nonoxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_decoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen decoxide

values: Hydrogen tetrasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen pentasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen hexasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen heptasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen octasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen nonasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen decasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen diselenide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Group_17_hydride
mw-redirect
Group 17 hydride

values:
/wiki/Iron_dihydride
mw-redirect
Iron dihydride

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4169678-5

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages

values: Category:Articles with changed KEGG identifier

values: Category:Chemical articles having a data page

values: Category:Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2002

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2017

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Methane
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Methane&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaan
Metaan – Afrikaans
af
af
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-af
display: none;

values: ميثان – Arabic

values:
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanu
Metanu – Asturian
ast
ast
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Azerbaijani
az
az
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-azb
display: none;

values: মিথেন – Bangla

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Мэтан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values:
https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Breton
br
br
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-br
display: none;

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Met%C3%A0
Metà – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano
Metano – Cebuano
ceb
ceb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methan
Methan – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llosgnwy
Llosgnwy – Welsh
cy
cy
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cy
display: none;

values:
https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Danish
da
da
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methan
Methan – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-de
display: none;

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaan
Metaan – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Μεθάνιο – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: Ведь тол – Erzya

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-myv
display: none;

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano
Metano – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano
Metano – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano
Metano – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ga
display: none;

values:
https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meetane
Meetane – Manx
gv
gv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gv
display: none;

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano
Metano – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values: मिथेन – Hindi

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano
Metano – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metana
Metana – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Icelandic
is
is
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano
Metano – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metana
Metana – Javanese
jv
jv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-jv
display: none;

values: ಮೀಥೇನ್ – Kannada

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kn
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Метан – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methani
Methani – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Kurdish
ku
ku
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ku
display: none;

values: Метан – Kyrgyz

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ky
display: none;

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanum
Methanum – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methan
Methan – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metanas
Metanas – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano
Metano – Ligurian
lij
lij
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lij
display: none;

values:
https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methaan
Methaan – Limburgish
li
li
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-li
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mr
display: none;

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metana
Metana – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values: မီသိန်း – Burmese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-my
display: none;

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methaan
Methaan – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values: मिथेन – Nepali

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ne
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Norwegian
no
no
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Norwegian Nynorsk
nn
nn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-oc
display: none;

values:
https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitteenii
Mitteenii – Oromo
om
om
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-om
display: none;

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Piedmontese
pms
pms
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pms
display: none;

values:
https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methan
Methan – Low German
nds
nds
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nds
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano
Metano – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pt
display: none;

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane
Methane – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methan
Methan – Saterland Frisian
stq
stq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-stq
display: none;

values:
https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metani
Metani – Albanian
sq
sq
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sq
display: none;

values:
https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitanu
Mitanu – Sicilian
scn
scn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-scn
display: none;

values:
https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Slovenian
sl
sl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-szl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaani
Metaani – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metano
Metano – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: மெத்தேன் – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values:
https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Tatar
tt
tt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tt
display: none;

values: మీథేన్ – Telugu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
display: none;

values: มีเทน – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metan
Metan – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: میتھین – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane
Methane – Waray
war
war
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-war
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu
display: none;

values:
https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methane
Methane – Yoruba
yo
yo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-yo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue
display: none;

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Methane rootpage-Methane skin-vector action-view