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Australian Dung Beetle Project
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The Australian Dung Beetle Project (1965–1985), conceived and led by Dr George Bornemissza of the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), was an international scientific research and biological control project with the primary goal to control the polluting effects of cattle dung.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and inception
2 Aims of the project
3 Quarantine
4 First introductions
5 Australian Dung Beetle Project Research Unit in Pretoria
6 Beetle collection surveys
7 CSIRO Dung Beetle Research base in Canberra
8 Further dung beetle research
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Background and inception[edit]
Upon his arrival to Australia from Hungary in 1951, Dr Bornemissza, an entomologist and ecologist, noted that Australian farmland was covered in a large number of cattle dung pads.[1] This was in contrast to the fields of Europe where the dung was removed and recycled back into the soil by various species of dung beetle (coprids). Native Australian species of beetle had co-evolved alongside marsupials such as the kangaroo and wombat, which produce small, hard, dry and fibrous pellets of dung. Cattle were relatively recently introduced to Australia by European settlers in the 1880s and produce large, soft, moist dung pads. Native beetles, with a few exceptions, are not adapted to utilise this type of dung as a food source or breeding ground and so without such fauna, the dung pads remain on the pasture and take months or even years to decompose. Cattle will not feed from the area of rank pasture surrounding the dung pad, and with the large quantity of dung produced (up to 12 pads per animal per day), this reduces the area of land available for cattle grazing by as much as 200,000 hectares (2,000 km2) per year.[1] Cattle dung is also a primary breeding ground for several pestilent species of fly and parasitic worm. Bornemissza suggested in 1960[2] that the introduction to Australia of foreign dung beetle species, which had co-evolved alongside bovines and large herbivores, would be beneficial in removing the dung, thus improving cattle grazing and nutrient recycling and reducing the number of flies and worms.[3]
Aims of the project[edit]
The overall aim of the Australian Dung Beetle Project was to establish a "minifauna", that is, a subsection of the natural dung beetle fauna, of introduced dung beetles on the Australian mainland and in Tasmania.[2] Once introduced, dung beetles in Australia were studied in order to determine their effects on:
Soil quality
Experiments were carried out in South Africa[4] to assess the rate at which dung beetles returned dung to the soil to aid nutrient recycling. It was found that dung beetles returned over 90% of the faecal nitrogen excreted by each steer during the summer grazing season. Further experiments showed that the uptake of the essential minerals nitrogen, phosphorus and sulphur in plants was over 80% greater in soils where dung beetles were active compared to those where they were not.[3] In addition, tunnelling dung beetles assist root penetration and improve water infiltration to the soil, thereby reducing run-off which can lead to the pollution of waterways [5]
Fly control
Introducing dung beetles as a means to control fly populations was first utilised in Hawaii as a biological control against the horn fly (Haematobia irritans irritans).[6][7] It was found that 96% fewer flies emerged from dung pads in open pastures with a dung beetle fauna in Hawaii compared to controls. It was surmised that the introduction of dung beetles to Australia would also have a reducing effect on the number of bush flies (Musca vetustissima) and the blood-sucking buffalo fly (Haematobia irritans exigua).[8] In addition to dung beetles, predacious beetles of the Histerid family, which are less sensitive to changes in soil moisture, were introduced to Australia as another means of controlling fly populations during periods of relative inactivity by dung beetles.[9] However, these beetles were found to make little difference to the abundance of flies, so their introduction was discontinued in 1971.[3]
Worm control
In experiments in Pretoria, dung beetles were shown to be effective at controlling infective worm populations breeding in dung. The activity of a complex of at least 20 species of coprid in cattle and sheep dung produced an average reduction of 85% of worms.[3]
Care had to be taken to introduce only those species that would be most compatible with the Australian climates and soil types, that were not under great threat of predation or of themselves becoming pests, and that effectively dispersed dung pads within an ideal time frame of 48 hours so as to minimise successful fly and worm breeding by disrupting their reproductive cycles.[3]
Quarantine[edit]
It was estimated that as many as 160 species of dung beetle would need to be imported into Australia in order to establish a minifauna of beetles that would be suitably adapted for the different Australian climates and soil types.[3] However, it was also important that no other potential pests “piggy-backed” their way to Australia with the beetles. Therefore, strict quarantine measures were established to ensure no pestilent species made their way to Australia.
The first beetles to be imported to Australia came from Hawaii. Here, dung beetles, particularly the species Onthophagus gazella, had already been successfully introduced from Africa in order to help biologically control the numbers of horn fly.[6][7] It was thought that these beetles would be a safe source since the only parasite present in Hawaii that does not already exist in Australia is the giant liver fluke, Fasciola gigantean, the eggs of which do not survive ingestion by beetles. Samples of O. gazella were shipped to the CSIRO research base in Canberra, where they were kept under quarantine and observed before potential release. Unfortunately, direct importation from Hawaii was found to be unviable since it was discovered that the beetles were infested with potentially harmful pyemotid mites. For this reason, these particular beetles were never released onto Australian pastures.[3]
However, the mite-infested beetles were not destroyed and were instead used to breed new generations of beetles under sterile conditions. Dung beetle eggs were dipped in 3% formalin for 3 minutes to sterilise them, then packed into hand-rolled dung balls for incubation. These eggs successfully developed into adult beetles and were among those in the first batches released into the wild on 30 January 1968 in Lansdown, near Townsville, Queensland. This quarantine method was subsequently adopted at the CSIRO research base in Pretoria, South Africa, with the added step of the eggs being transported by air in sealed containers of sterilised peat moss.[3]
First introductions[edit]
In the early years of the project, the dung beetle species O. gazella, which was able to remove dung pads in as little as 24 hours, showed the most promise in becoming established in Australia. After the first stocks were released onto pastureland in Northern Queensland in 1968, beetle recapture figures showed that the species had spread at the rate of 50–80 km per season, including the colonisation of two islands, Magnetic Island and Palm Island, 10 km and 30 km offshore respectively. By April 1970, O. gazella was firmly established over an area of 400 km2.[3]
This performance however, was not uniformly excellent in all areas of Australia at all times of the season or year and so showed that Australia would need a number of other dung beetle species to fill the gaps in O. gazella’s activity.[3]
Australian Dung Beetle Project Research Unit in Pretoria[edit]
In order to find a suitable minifauna of beetles for Australia, Bornemissza set up the Australian Dung Beetle Research Unit in Pretoria, South Africa to find species that would complement the work of O. gazella. South Africa was chosen as a location to study dung beetles for several reasons. Firstly, there are a large number of different species from which to choose from (some 800 species south of the Zambezi and Kunene rivers alone),[10] and these species have co-evolved alongside large bovids (e.g. African buffalo) for many thousands of years.[8] There are also homologies between the sub-tropical climates of areas of the two countries. The political climate in other parts of Africa and the more advanced nature of scientific research in South Africa also made it an ideal location. The Plant Protection Research Institute in South Africa funded much of the work at this research base.[8][10] Further field stations were also maintained in Cape Town during 1978-1980 and in Hluhluwe Game Reserve during 1981-1986.[8]
The aim was to find beetles that would match, as closely as possible, 8 selection criteria:
1. Genuine dung-breeders
Dung beetles for introduction to Australia needed to breed solely in dung and with no other food sources so as to avoid the species' becoming pests in other habitats and to eliminate the possibility that they would avoid cattle dung altogether.
2. Predominantly bovine dung-breeders
Dung beetles tend to have a preference for a particular type of dung. To avoid the introduced dung beetles out-competing native Australian species of coprid that have a preference for other types of dung, the introduced species needed to prefer cattle dung over other types.
3. Dung burial efficiency
The criterion was set that dung beetles selected for importation to Australia should be able to bury at least 25 ml of dung per pair per day, on a pro-rata basis depending on beetle size and rate of activity.
4. Ease of handling
Beetles were chosen for export, which were able to breed easily in insectaries and could withstand the strict quarantine procedures imposed by Australian customs.
5. Fast breeder
Preference was given to dung beetle species that were able to reproduce quickly in order to maintain large stocks of beetles for release onto pastureland.
6. Compatibility
In order to minimise interspecific competition, dung beetles selected for export to Australia needed to be compatible with each other. Beetles that had co-evolved and co-existed (usually found on the same dung pads) were preferred.
7. Distribution range
Beetles adapted to a wide geographical range were preferred as this gave an indication as to how well they would establish across the range of climates found in the large Australian continent.
8. Taxonomy
Although not always possible, researchers preferred to select beetles that could be easily identified in terms of their taxonomy so as to be able to correctly identify them in mark, release and recapture follow-up experiments.[3]
While most of this research was carried out in South Africa, it was recognised that further study in other areas of the world would be useful in selecting dung beetle species for introduction to Australian climates not matched by those in South Africa. To this end, a further research unit was set up in Montpellier, France, as a base from which to study European species that may be more suited for introduction to cooler, southern areas of Australia.[11]
Beetle collection surveys[edit]
Two types of field research were carried out in Pretoria to identify beetles that would be suitable for export to Australia. Firstly, researchers took stocktaking trips to locations around South Africa in order to collect data on the biodiversity and ecological abundance of the beetle fauna of an area, as well as the environmental conditions preferred by different species. Secondly, species earmarked as being potential candidates for biological control were then collected and taken back to the research base laboratory where experiments were carried out to determine such things as beetle biology, habits, dung-disposing capacity, reproductive cycles and the ability to withstand quarantining procedures.[3] It was necessary to devise and record methods of propagating dung beetles in large numbers, and this information forwarded onto the research base in Australia. In addition, extensive studies were carried out in the beetles’ native habitat to study their likely distribution patterns in Australia and thus aid in the selection of sites for their introduction.[10] Later research [3][12] has found that habitat specificity matching is one of the most important factors in determining whether or not an introduced species is successful in becoming established.
Samples of beetles that had already been successfully introduced to Australia were also collected for further study. This was important so as to enrich the gene pool of beetle species within Australia and reduce the liability of any one species to become extinct because of a disease or chance mutation. Genetic variants were also imported to Hawaii in order to enrich the genetic diversity in that region, and as a thank you to the island for being cooperative in the research.[10]
CSIRO Dung Beetle Research base in Canberra[edit]
On arrival at the Canberra research unit, beetle eggs were transferred to dung balls and incubated. Adult beetles were then bred in insectaries for two or more generations in sterile conditions to eliminate the possibility of co-breeding parasitic mites or diseases endemic to Africa such as foot-and-mouth.[1] Some beetle species were rejected at this stage and not subsequently released onto pastureland because difficulty was experienced in rearing those that entered a period of dormancy and some simply did not survive the stringent quarantining procedures.
Beetles that successfully survived and reproduced were despatched by air or road to cooperating farmers or CSIRO staff.[13] They were packed into ventilated crates of damp peat and thousands at a time were simply tipped onto fresh dung pads at the chosen release sites. Most beetles were observed to instantly bury themselves into the dung.[10] From then on, farmers helped to monitor beetle distribution and activity and carried identification cards in their vehicles so that they could monitor beetle activity.[1]
The original review paper by Bornemissza states that by 1975, 23 species of dung beetle, including 3 genetic variants, had been released.[3] By 1984, this number was 43 species,[14] although it was found that 20 of these failed to establish. As well as the original “star” of the program, Onthophagus gazella, establishing well, other species such as Euoniticellus intermedius, Onthophagus binodis and Liatongus militaris were shown to have reproduced in their thousands and became abundant enough to allow the transfer of subpopulations of certain colonies to establish in new areas.[15]
Further dung beetle research[edit]
The Australian Dung Beetle Project came to an end in 1986 when the Australian Meat Research Committee (AMRC), which then became the Australian Meat and Livestock Research and Development Corporation, withdrew their funding due to a shift in the focus of their work from on-farm production to off-farm marketing.[1][15]
In 1998, interest in the project was revived when John Feehan, the manager of Soilcam, was invited by the Taroom Shire Landcare Group to give a seminar on the use of dung beetles. This led to Soilcam leading a two-week survey of the dung beetle fauna in south-eastern Queensland. The following December, groups of interested parties including graziers, scientists, government agencies and community groups met in Brisbane to discuss the future direction of dung beetle activities in Australia, and this in turn led to the formation of the National Dung Beetle Steering Committee, chaired by Mick Alexander. This committee proposed that a dung beetle project be undertaken in Queensland, which became a reality, thanks to funding from the National Heritage Trust, in October 2000.[15]
The objective of the Queensland Dung Beetle Project was to provide the first comprehensive and quantitative survey of the distribution and abundance of dung beetles across Queensland since the original CSIRO project, and to redistribute successful introduced species to other areas where they might be beneficial. This project was entitled "Improving Sustainable Land Management Systems in Queensland using Dung Beetles" and lasted for two years from January 2001 until December 2002.[15]
The Queensland Dung Beetle project used pitfall traps at sites across Queensland to trap dung beetles, which were then identified and recorded. Out of the 29 species that were introduced to Queensland during the Australian Dung Beetle Project of 1965-1985, 15 of these were recaptured in 2001-2002. The most abundant and widely distributed of these were Onthophagus gazella and Euoniticellus intermedius. Some species, including Copris diversus and Onitis westermanni, which had been released during the original CSIRO project, were not recovered at all in the Queensland Dung Beetle Project, suggesting that they have not become established. Others, for example Onthophagus obliquus and Sisyphus infuscatus have been recovered since their original release but were also not found during this study. The project identified three species, namely Onitis caffer, Copris elphenor, and Onitis vanderkelleni as candidates for redistribution to other areas of Queensland. These were chosen because, although they were not widely distributed across Queensland, they successfully established in the areas where they were found and had desirably rapid dung-burying capabilities.[15]
The Queensland Dung Beetle Project concluded that one outcome of the study was to confirm the "outstanding success" of the original CSIRO project to select and introduce dung beetles into Australia, and "the impact of this on soil, water and pasture health, and on control of pest flies is undoubtedly worth many millions of dollars a year".[15] Further to this, the success of the Australian Dung Beetle Project is claimed to be the reason why Australians can now enjoy a café culture, as up until the 1950s, bush flies were so problematic that it was illegal for restaurants and cafés to offer outside dining unless a designated area was enclosed by fly-wire.[1][16] A lesser effect has been had, however, on reducing the populations of Buffalo fly. This species of blood sucking fly remains a pest to livestock in Australia although they are present, but not pestilent in South Africa. Suggestions have been made[17] that Australia needs further introduced species of predatory beetle (e.g. histerids) in order to help reduce the numbers of these flies.
A report by Penny Edwards of Landcare Australia in 2007[14] revealed that 23 species of beetle that had been introduced to Australia during the CSIRO project were still established species, whereas 20 had failed to establish (see table 1). The report recommended that in order to complete the work started by the Australian Dung Beetle Project, further action is required to:
identify geographical gaps in dung beetle distribution across the whole of Australia;
identify seasonal gaps in dung beetle activity in all climate zones of Australia;
clarify the role of native dung beetle species in the dispersal of cattle dung;
undertake appropriate redistribution of introduced species;
identify a suitable repository of unpublished dung beetle data; and
address the potential need for further introductions of dung beetles to Australia.[14]
Table 1: Species of introduced dung beetle that have established in Australia§
Species
Country of origin
Total released
First release
Last release
Areas of release
Areas established
Pasture type
Bubas bison
France, Spain 1,613 000000001983-04-01-0000April 1983 000000001996-01-01-00001996 (not by CSIRO) WA NSW, SA, WA Winter rainfall
Copris elphenor Klug
South Africa 2,287 000000001977-01-01-0000January 1977 000000001983-05-01-0000May 1983 QLD QLD Summer rainfall
Copris hispanus Linnaeus
Spain 294 000000001983-10-01-0000October 1983 000000001994-06-01-0000June 1994 WA WA Winter rainfall
Euoniticellus africanus Harold
South Africa 49,009 000000001971-10-01-0000October 1971 000000001984-02-01-0000February 1984 NSW, QLD, SA, Tas, Vic, WA NSW, QLD Summer rainfall
Euoniticellus fulvus Goeze
France, Turkey 76,944 000000001978-03-01-0000March 1978 000000001983-02-01-0000February 1983 NSW, SA, Tas, Vic, WA NSW, SA, Tas, Vic, WA Winter rainfall
Euoniticellus intermedius Reiche
South Africa 248,637 000000001971-11-01-0000November 1971 000000001984-02-01-0000February 1984 ACT, NSW, NT, QLD, SA, Vic, WA NSW, NT, QLD, SA, Vic, WA Summer rainfall
Euoniticellus pallipes Fabricius
Iran, Turkey 46,642 000000001977-03-01-0000March 1977 000000001982-09-01-0000September 1982 NSW, SA, WA NSW, SA, Vic, WA Winter rainfall
Geotrupes spiniger Marsham
France 12,082 000000001979-04-01-0000April 1979 000000001983-12-01-0000December 1983 ACT, NSW, Tas, Vic ACT, NSW, SA, Tas, Vic Winter rainfall
Liatongus militaris Castelanu
South Africa (via Hawaii) 70,450 000000001968-01-01-0000January 1968 000000001979-11-01-0000November 1979 NSW, NT, QLD, WA NSW, NT, QLD Summer rainfall
Onitis alexis Fabricius
South Africa 186,441 000000001972-08-01-0000August 1972 000000001984-02-01-0000February 1984 NSW, NT, QLD, WA NSW, NT, QLD, SA, Vic, WA Rainfall, summer rainfall, winter rainfall
Onitis aygalus Fabricius
South Africa 18,682 000000001977-01-01-0000January 1977 000000001982-01-01-0000January 1982 NSW, SA, WA NSW, SA, Vic, WA Winter rainfall
Onitis caffer Boheman
South Africa 8,738 000000001979-10-01-0000October 1979 000000001984-04-01-0000April 1984 WA QLD, NSW, SA Summer rainfall, winter rainfall
Onitis pecuarius Lansberge
South Africa 11,395 000000001976-11-01-0000November 1976 000000001979-05-01-0000May 1979 NSW, QLD NSW, QLD Summer rainfall
Onitis vanderkelleni Lansberge
Kenya, Rwanda, Zaire 10,852 000000001974-10-01-0000October 1974 000000001982-02-01-0000February 1982 NSW, QLD QLD Summer rainfall
Onitis viridulus Bohemann
South Africa 8,008 000000001976-09-01-0000September 1976 000000001980-07-01-0000July 1980 NSW, NT, QLD NSW, NT, QLD, WA Summer rainfall
Onthophagus binodis Thunberg
South Africa 173,018 000000001971-10-01-0000October 1971 000000001982-02-01-0000February 1982 NSW, QLD, SA, Tas, Vic, WA, Norfolk Islands NSW, QLD, SA, Tas, Vic, WA, Norfolk Islands Winter rainfall
Onthophagus gazella Fabricius
South Africa 420,415 000000001968-02-01-0000February 1968 000000001984-02-01-0000February 1984 ACT, NSW, NT, QLD, SA, Tas, Vic, WA, Norfolk Islands ACT, NSW, NT, QLD, SA, WA, Norfolk Islands Summer rainfall
Onthophagus nigiventris d'Orbigny
East Africa 29,960 000000001975-05-01-0000May 1975 000000001983-03-01-0000March 1983 NSW NSW Summer rainfall
Onthophagus obliquus
Nigeria, Senegal, Zaire 9,300 000000001976-01-01-0000January 1976 000000001977-11-01-0000November 1977 QLD, NT QLD Summer rainfall
Onthophagus sagittarius
Sri Lanka (via Hawaii) 9,075 000000001968-01-01-0000January 1968 000000001977-03-01-0000March 1977 NSW, NT, QLD, WA NSW, NT Summer rainfall
Onthophagus taurus Schreber
Spain, Greece, Italy, Turkey 164,499 000000001975-02-01-0000February 1975 000000001984-01-01-0000January 1984 NSW, SA, Tas, Vic, WA NSW, SA, Tas, Vic, WA Winter rainfall
Sisyphus rubrus Paschalidis
South Africa 85,933 000000001973-03-01-0000March 1973 000000001980-02-01-0000February 1980 NSW, QLD, WA NSW, QLD Summer rainfall
Sisyphus spinipes
South Africa 36,125 000000001972-03-01-0000March 1972 000000001978-12-01-0000December 1978 NSW, NT, QLD, WA NSW, QLD Summer rainfall
Total:
1,680,399
Key:
§ modified from a table in Edwards (2007)[14] with some additional information from Edwards, et al. (2007)[5] and African Dung Beetles Online[18]
† ACT = Australian Capital Territory, NSW = New South Wales, NT = Northern Territories, QLD = Queensland, SA = South Australia, Tas = Tasmania, Vic = Victoria, WA = Western Australia.
See also[edit]
Biological control
National Heritage Trust
Landcare Australia
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Collis B (2002). "2". Fields of Discovery: Australia's CSIRO. Australia: Allen & Unwin. p. 46. ISBN 1-865-08602-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Bornemissza GF (1960). "Could dung eating insects improve our pastures?". Journal of the Australian Institute of Agricultural Science. 26: 54–56.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bornemissza GF (1976). "The Australian dung beetle project 1965-1975". Australian Meat Research Committee Review. 30: 1–30.
Jump up ^ Hughes, R. D. (1975), Assessment of the burial of cattle dung by Australian dung beetles, Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 14: 129-134
^ Jump up to: a b Edwards, P. B. and Pavri, C. in Bailey, P. (2007), Pests of field crops and pastures, pub. CSIRO Publishing, Australia, ISBN 0-643-06758-2
^ Jump up to: a b Fullaway, D. T. (1921), Horn fly control, Hawaiian Forestry and Agriculture, 18:219-221
^ Jump up to: a b Bornemissza, G. F. (1970), Insectary studies on the control of dung breeding flies by the activity of the dung beetle Onthophagus gazella F. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae), Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 9: 31-41)
^ Jump up to: a b c d Doube, B. M. (1987), Dung “Down Under”, South African Journal of Science 83, p87
Jump up ^ Bornemissza, G. F. (1968), Studies on the histerid beetle Pachylister chinensis in Fiji, and its possible value in the control of buffalo-fly in Australia, Australian Journal of Zoology 16:673-688
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bornemissza GF (1979). "The Australian Dung Beetle Research Unit in Pretoria". South African Journal of Science. 75 (6): 257–260.
Jump up ^ http://www.dungbeetle.com.au
Jump up ^ Doube and Macqueen (1991) Establishment of exotic dung beetle in Queensland: the role of habitat specificity, Entomorphaga 36 353-360
Jump up ^ McKay, Andrew (1976), Surprise and Enterprise: fifty years of science for Australia, pub. CSIRO Publishing.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Edwards, P (2007), Introduced Dung Beetles in Australia 1967-2007: current status and future directions, Landcare Australia, ISBN 978-0-9806271-0-7
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f The Queensland Dung Beetle Project (2002), Improving sustainable land management systems in Queensland using Beetles: Final report of the 2001-2002 Queensland Dung Beetle Project, page 3
Jump up ^ Cribb, J (11 October 2006) Fly times when the dry comes, The Australian
Jump up ^ Davis ALV (1996). "Seasonal dung beetle activity and dung dispersal in selected South African habitats: implications for pasture improvement in Australia". Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 58 (2–3): 157–169. doi:10.1016/0167-8809(96)01030-4.
Jump up ^ African Dung Beetles Online Archived 1 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
External links[edit]
Dung Beetle Solutions Australia
Queensland Dung Beetle Project
- UK based website with information on African dung beetles
- George Bornemissza, founder of the Australian Dung Beetle Project, receives the Medal of the Order of Australia
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List of Cold Justice episodes
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This is a list of Cold Justice episodes, an unscripted true crime series originally broadcast on TNT and currently on Oxygen. The series, produced by Dick Wolf, follows former prosecutor Kelly Siegler and a team of investigators as they re-open unsolved murder cases with the consent of local law enforcement. As of January 2015, the team has helped local agencies secure 21 arrests, 11 criminal indictments, four confessions, three guilty pleas, and three murder convictions.[1]
Despite no official announcement from TNT, in May 2016, former crime scene investigator Yolanda McClary announced on her Facebook account that the series was canceled. She later stated that the production company is shopping the series to other networks.[2] In June 2017, the Oxygen Channel announced that Cold Justice will premiere with new episodes on July 22, 2017.[3] As of October 28, 2017,[update] 60 episodes of Cold Justice have aired.
Contents
[hide]
1 Series overview
2 Episodes
2.1 Season 1 (2013)
2.2 Season 2 (2014)
2.3 Season 3 (2015)
2.4 Season 4 (2017)
3 References
4 External links
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 8 September 3, 2013 (2013-09-03) October 22, 2013 (2013-10-22)
2 18 January 17, 2014 (2014-01-17) August 15, 2014 (2014-08-15)
3 24 January 9, 2015 (2015-01-09) September 18, 2015 (2015-09-18)
4 TBA July 22, 2017 (2017-07-22) TBA
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2013)[edit]
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
1 "Small Town Suicide?" September 3, 2013 (2013-09-03) 2.93[4]
The 2001 death of Pam Shelly in Cuero, Texas, is investigated. After divorcing her husband, Pam began dating Ronnie Hendrick, an old family friend. They fell in love, and she moved with her children from Arkansas to Texas to live with him. Their love affair went from passionate to volatile to combative. One day, after an argument, Ronnie reportedly pushed Pam's daughter, Kayla. Enraged and constantly fighting him, Pam said she was leaving for good. After packing, she was in the bathroom when her daughter said she heard a scream and ran to find Pam on the floor with a gunshot wound to her head. Pam later died in the hospital, and her case was ruled a suicide. On September 10, 2013, Ronnie Hendrick pled guilty to killing Pamela and was sentenced to 22 years in prison.
2
2 "Mother" September 10, 2013 (2013-09-10) 2.16[5]
The 2006 death of Mattie Williams in Collinston, Louisiana, is investigated. On August 28, 2006, a friend of Mattie's went to her home after receiving no response to repeated attempts to reach her. The friend noticed blood on the outside wall of the house and called the police, who found no trace of Mattie inside. Many of Mattie's church friends and family gathered to search for her. She was found six hours later, stabbed and bludgeoned to death, in a remote wooded area about three miles from her home. Three men, including Mattie's own son, were indicted for the second-degree murder of Mattie. The 3 accused are currently in jail awaiting trial.
3
3 "Home Town Hero" September 17, 2013 (2013-09-17) 1.70[6]
The 1982 death of Charlene Corporon in Palacios, Texas is investigated. Charlene and Gary developed a combative relationship after Gary's father and Charlene's husband, Willy, died in a tragic accident. Gary was allegedly verbally and physically abusive towards his mother. One morning, Charlene's boyfriend called her house looking for her and Gary answered saying, "Charlene doesn't look too good." When the police arrived, she was dead from being shot in the head. Although indicted for the murder on September 20, 1982, Gary has yet to stand trial for it.
4
4 "Hit and Run" September 24, 2013 (2013-09-24) N/A
The 1988 death of Rachelle Escalante in Globe, Arizona, is investigated. On July 6, 1988, Rachelle went to a party with some friends from high school. After an argument there, Rachelle angrily walked away from the party. That evening, patrol officers were driving when they saw what was thought to be a dog moving slowly across the road. As they got closer, they realized it was actually a young woman crawling. They stopped the car, got out, ran to the woman, and witnessed Rachelle die in front of them. She had been the victim of a hit-and-run. The case remains unsolved, as either an accident or murder.
5
5 "Hiding in Plain Sight" October 1, 2013 (2013-10-01) 1.31[7]
The 1998 death of Eric Baxter in Dickson, Tennessee, is investigated. On August 20, 1998, Eric's mother arrived home to find her son lying on the hallway floor with multiple gunshot wounds to the head and chest. The house is located outside of town by several miles. Investigators believe the killer had purposefully driven out to the location and, the evidence indicated, planned a sneak attack on the home. Based on the evidence, it appeared that the killer or killers were doing surveillance on the house from the back yard. It is also believed that Eric's mother would have also been a victim had she been home that night. The trial for Thomas Wortham is scheduled to begin Feb. 21, 2017. Wortham, who was Baxter's former business acquaintance, and Wortham’s half-brother Wallace Brasel were charged.
6
6 "Small Town Tragedy" October 8, 2013 (2013-10-08) 1.35[8]
The 1995 death of Mary Anne Holmes in Thatcher, Arizona, is investigated. Holmes had escaped an abusive ex and moved with her children to Thatcher. One Saturday, after hosting a yard sale, she and her two young daughters fell asleep in the living room. The next morning, four-year-old Ashleigh ran naked, with hands bound, to a neighbor's house. She wanted to know why her mommy would not wake up. While neither Ashleigh nor her 18-month-old sister Sara were harmed, their mother, was brutally abused and murdered, right in front of her girls. Although it had been discovered that a suspect had a strange fascination with Mary Anne, the case remains open.
7
7 "Hatchet" October 15, 2013 (2013-10-15) 1.26[10]
The 1988 death of Isabel Cordle in Bellevue, Ohio, is investigated. In the early morning of January 24, 1988, Cordle, mother of six, fell asleep on her couch. Someone sneaked up on her while she slept and hit her on the head with a hatchet four times, killing her. Her husband found her the next morning as he prepared for work and called 9-1-1. When the police arrived, Isabel's husband and three of her children were upstairs, scared and confused. Police not only found trails of blood, they also found what could have been the murder weapon—a hatchet, propped up on a tree outside, right by the door. Although the evidence showed the killer could not have come from outside the house, neither the husband nor any children has been proven to be Isabel's killer.
After the episode aired, more tips were received, leading investigators to believe that Greg Weller may have been responsible. Both Cordle's husband and son were eliminated from the suspect pools, according to Detective O'Connell.[9]
8
8 "Blind Love" October 22, 2013 (2013-10-22) N/A
The 2008 death of Rocky Bryant in Seagraves, Texas, is investigated. On March 25, 2008, approximately 30 minutes after clocking in to work at a local feed plant, Rocky was found brutally beaten in a building where he worked within walking distance of his house. He was pronounced dead at the hospital a few hours later. As the investigators dug into his wife Patricia Graves' background, it was evident that she was having an extra-marital affair and had reason to want to be free of her husband. Her boyfriend, Luis Villarreal, was a very viable suspect as Rocky's killer. He was known to have a temper and a history of being highly possessive of women he was seeing. Probable cause arose to indict Patricia as a party to the murder, by revealing Rocky's work schedule to her former boyfriend and suspect, Luis.
In mid-February 2014, Patricia Graves accepted a plea deal for the murder of Rocky. As of April 2014, Luis is in jail awaiting trial still.
Season 2 (2014)[edit]
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
9
1 "Gone" January 17, 2014 (2014-01-17) 1.41[12]
The 2001 death of Tracy Allen in Altus, Oklahoma is investigated. Tracy had recently gotten out of a volatile marriage with Garland Allen, but the two remained in close contact after their divorce. One evening in May 2001, Tracy had her neighbor baby-sit for their two young daughters. Later that night, Garland arrived at the neighbor's to say Tracy was at his house, and she had asked him to pick up their daughters. He then dropped the girls off at his mother’s house, telling her that Tracy had run away with another man and had left him with the girls. A few days later, Garland surrendered custody of his girls to his mother and then left town. He confessed to beating her to death and led investigators to her body. Allen pleaded guilty to second-degree murder in a Jackson County Courtroom and was sentenced to 40 years in prison.[11]
10
2 "A Monster Among Us" January 24, 2014 (2014-01-24) 1.40[14]
The 2005 death of Willie Louise Kellum in Camp Hill, Alabama is investigated. The day of February 21, 2005 started off as fairly uneventful for Louise. She ran some errands, including to the local grocery store, which was the last place she was seen alive. Later that evening, her grandson who was living with her at the time, found her lying unconscious in his room and called 911. When police arrived, they found her with a cord wrapped around her neck and bruises covering her body. Markis Heard, a repeat sex offender, was indicted for the rape and capital murder of Louise, after DNA evidence was found on her underwear. He pleaded guilty; his plea agreement has him serving 10 years in prison and 30 years on parole.[13]
11
3 "High School Sweethearts" January 31, 2014 (2014-01-31) 1.58[15]
The 1997 deaths of Charles and Kathy Hayes in La Porte, Texas are investigated. Charlie and Kathy dated throughout high school, but went their separate ways after graduation. Many years later, they saw each other while stopped at a red light, resumed their romance soon and eventually got married. Charles converted their garage into a music studio for their southern rock-and-roll band to practice. On September 27, 1997, the police were called to the home by Charles' teenage daughter Tiffenie. Officers found Charles sitting in a chair, his head covered with blood, and more spattered throughout the room. Kathy was found dead, lying face down in the hallway with her head bashed in. Charles was flown to a nearby hospital and died shortly after arrival. There was no forced entry into the house and nothing had been stolen. The weapon, a claw hammer, was found in a nearby concrete culvert the next day. On January 30, 2014, Craig Houser, Charles' second cousin, was arrested on two counts of capital murder for the Hayes deaths.
12
4 "First Love" February 7, 2014 (2014-02-07) 1.42[16]
The 1997 death of Marisol Gonzalez in Cottonwood, Arizona is investigated. In the summer before her junior year of high school, she began dating one of her neighbors and classmates, Cecilio Cruz. He was her first love. However, she quickly realized that she was not the only one that he loved, and they broke up. Soon after, she learned she was pregnant. Feeling supported by family and friends, she decided she was going to have the baby. On March 25, 1997, Marisol, now full term in her pregnancy, was waiting for a call from Cecilio and went outside with the phone. That was the last time she was seen alive. The following morning, her body was found in an alleyway a block away from her house. She had been shot once in the face. In 2014, Cecilio Cruz awaits a grand jury indictment in the murder of Marisol and her unborn son.
13
5 "He Said, He Said" February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14) 1.32[17]
The 1998 death of Erika Case in West Terre Haute, Indiana is investigated. On September 5, 1998, she and older sister Mary were house-sitting for a family friend. After Mary left for her shift at the local hospital, Erika’s good friend Isaiah Dooley arrived with his friend Clint Mackey. For the next few hours, they all swam in the pool, drank alcohol and ate pizza. After work the next morning, Mary drove back to the house and found Erika dead inside, lying on the living room floor. She had been stabbed 33 times. The boys each claimed Erika was alive when they left the house, although they made conflicting statements regarding who last saw her alive. Sixteen years later, Mackey confessed and was arrested for the murder, which was committed after Erika turned him down for sex. He was sentenced to 40 years in prison.
14
6 "Ambush" February 21, 2014 (2014-02-21) 1.55[18]
The 2002 deaths of Bud and Litina Matlock in Malvern, Arkansas are investigated. On November 18, 2002, Bud finished a meeting at the Boys & Girls Club. While he was away, intruders came inside the Matlock house where they found Litina cooking dinner and folding clothes. They forced her to her knees and shot her once behind the ear, killing her instantly. Soon after, Bud, unaware of what was happening, pulled into his driveway with their two-year-old son in a car seat in the back. As he opened his car door, he was shot at from his own porch. He managed to get out of the car and run down the road, but was chased and shot in the back of the head, dying on the street. The child was not harmed and the killers were never caught. However, a prime suspect in the case is a man vowing revenge after Bud broke his jaw for being too friendly with Litina.
15
7 "Single Working Mom" February 28, 2014 (2014-02-28) 1.29[19]
The 2010 death of Lydia Gutierrez in Gallatin, Tennessee is investigated. On August 12, 2010, Lydia spent her day off from her waitressing job at home with her two youngest sons, while her oldest son was at school. The eight-year-old came home to find his two little brothers trying to wake her up out of the floor. The oldest boy then gathered his brothers and ran to a neighbor’s house where they called 911. The police found her had a plastic bag over her head and stabbed to death. Two knives were still in her neck. Her boyfriend at the time was initially arrested for the murder, after he was treated for suspicious cuts at the hospital, but he was released due to lack of evidence. During the program significant progress was made but it was insufficient to make any arrests. An appeal was made at the end of the show for new witnesses or anyone with further information to come forward to possibly help secure an arrest and potential conviction. The case remains open and active.
16
8 "Billy Goat Hill" March 7, 2014 (2014-03-07) 1.43[20]
The 1997 death of Victoria Carr Hollingsworth in Chattanooga, Tennessee is investigated. In 1999, a dog brought a human skull into its yard. Dental records later identified the skull as Hollingsworth's, and the rest of her remains were found in a nearby wooded area called Billy Goat Hill. Victoria had married Lebron Hollingsworth in 1996. In July 1997, she told him that she was moving with their children into her parents' house a few miles away. Although separated, she continued to take him to work every morning. On August 18, 1997, she vanished. Sixteen years later, Lebron was arrested for her murder, after numerous women over the years experienced his MO of abuse—with one ex-partner mentioning his taking her to Billy Goat Hill.
In January 2015, Lebron was convicted by a jury for the second-degree murder of Victoria.[1]
17
9 "Lady in the Box" March 14, 2014 (2014-03-14) 1.45[21]
The 2002 death of Carolyn Jansen in Aurora, Colorado, is investigated. Jansen's decomposing body was found in a plastic container, sealed with duct tape, by Richard Johnson in his shed. Three years earlier, he had been asked by his friend Jon "JD" Harrington, Jansen's roommate, to store some things there. Harrington's fingerprints were found on the duct tape and he was arrested for the second-degree murder of Jansen. In August 2015 a jury convicted Harrington of Jansen's murder. He faces 24 to 48 years in prison.
18
10 "Copper Dollar Ranch" March 28, 2014 (2014-03-28) 1.50[23]
On March 3, 1983, Steven Fisher's and his girlfriend Melisa Gregory's bodies were found at his trailer at Copper Dollar Ranch in Newton, Iowa. Although Steven had been in a relationship with Melisa for about nine months, he was still married to Theresa Supino Fisher, who, along with her twin brother Timothy, admitted to visiting Steven at his trailer on the night before the bodies were discovered. They were the last known people to see Steven and Melisa alive. Rumors of drug trafficking at the ranch also circulated. It was determined that brutality of the murders, coupled with a re-enactment of events, led to Theresa's arrest, 31 years later. However, in February 2015, she was acquitted of the charges.[22]
19
11 "Stranded" June 20, 2014 (2014-06-20) 1.71[24]
Alma Henderson, 41, was a single mother of five children in Bay City, Texas. On April 7, 1988, she went out with friends to a club. She never came home. After she did not report to work the next morning, her daughter Kasy filed a missing persons report. A couple days later, police found Alma's car in a motel parking lot. She was in the backseat, dead from a single gunshot wound to the back of her head. Conflicting accounts arose about with whom she was last seen. Now, 26 years after her murder, the list of suspects narrows to a man who had sexually assaulted another woman earlier that night as well as Alma.
20
12 "Death by Design" June 27, 2014 (2014-06-27) 1.56[25]
In Hempstead, Texas, in 1986, Diann Hoelscher, a fashion designer, goes missing. She was last seen on February 4, when, according to her husband, she left her San Antonio home to travel to Houston to sell some high-end fabrics. She never returned. Her remains were found 11 years later but could not be identified until 2014. The investigators uncover her husband's plan of taking out a life insurance policy, and her disappearance coincides with the two-year window in which it can be collected. His ex-girlfriend also relates the night she woke up to him choking her.
21
13 "Kirby's Speed Shop" July 11, 2014 (2014-07-11) 1.62[26]
In Columbus, Georgia, local investigators seek help in solving the shooting death of Kirby Smith, an auto body shop owner killed in 2004. Most everyone knew and loved Kirby. However, at the time, he and his second wife, Becky were embroiled in a bitter divorce and custody battle, during which she was dating her future husband, Heath Haynie. She also had an unusual relationship with Bull Phillips, who seemed willing to do almost anything for her. Just prior to his murder, Kirby told family and friends he and Becky finally came to an agreement about their divorce. That evening, Kirby was shot and killed in his shop. The team gathered enough evidence and testimony to arrest both Becky and Phillips for the murder, when it was revealed Phillips' timeline for the death centered around contact with Becky.
22
14 "Justice Served" July 18, 2014 (2014-07-18) TBA
John Walsh interviews the investigative team for their behind-the-scenes insights. Exclusive updates on past cases and questions to Kelly and Yolanda will be featured.
23
15 "Sunspot Highway" July 25, 2014 (2014-07-25) 1.72[28]
On November 20, 1987, Margie Pointer dropped off her five-year-old son at her babysitter's house but never returned to pick him up. Her car was found in a hotel parking lot, a place she would often park to carpool to work. Witnesses saw her having breakfast with an unknown male at the hotel restaurant. The two supposedly were holding hands, but at one point, she pulled her hand away as if he upset her. The two left the restaurant together, and that was the last time she was seen alive. Her husband was working overseas in Japan, and it was rumored that she was having an affair. Police officials were left with no evidence and no body, and the investigation went cold. On March 18, 2004, a forest-thinning crew came across her remains in the Cloudcroft woods about 20 miles from her home. Her body was identified through dental records, but no official cause of death was determined.[27]
24
16 "Other Side of the Tracks" August 1, 2014 (2014-08-01) TBA
Robin Stone, 17, of Cambridge, Ohio, was pregnant. She told her parents that the father was a boy from school she had been dating. On August 27, 1991, she received a call, told her mother she was going to help a classmate with homework, and never returned home. Robin's car was found later that evening near Luburgh Lake in Guernsey County, but there was no sign of her. A missing persons investigation was quickly begun, but it was not until December 28, 1991, that hunters found her and her unborn child's remains near the lake. Her body was so badly decomposed that a cause of death could not be determined. Sheriff Michael McCauley was elected in 2000, he put a renewed focus on cold case investigations and Robin's case was re-opened. The episode focused on determining the baby's paternity and investigating the family who owned the land where she was found.
25
17 "Second Thoughts" August 8, 2014 (2014-08-08) TBA
Alma Noffsinger was a 29-year-old attractive, fun-loving mother of three young children in Paulding, Ohio. Recently divorced from her second husband, Steve, the two were in a custody battle over the child they had together. Throughout Alma's marriage to Steve, she maintained a good relationship with her first husband, David, the father of her two older children. On December 17, 1981, a neighbor noticed that Alma's front door had been open all morning. Concerned, she walked inside the house, calling out for Alma, when she came upon her lifeless body lying face-down in her bed. There was blood all over the room. Almost 33 years later, after being approached by Alma's family, the new Paulding County Sheriff re-opened Alma's case, assigning two seasoned investigators to it. In August 2014, Steve was arrested for Alma's murder, when his history of violence surfaced.[29]
26
18 "Fool Me Once, Fool Me Twice?" August 15, 2014 (2014-08-15) TBA
In October 1973, 23-year-old Kathy Dean married 22-year-old Earl Taylor of Vigo County, Indiana, after a short courtship. On April 2, 1975, Earl reportedly returned home and found her submerged in the bathtub with an electric clock radio sunk beneath her. She was declared dead from an apparent electrocution and drowning. Earl, a budding insurance salesman, went on to marry another woman who later had died when the vehicle in which they were traveling ran off the road into a lake. Earl was charged with her death and served 26 years of a 60-year sentence. Because of this, Kathy's case was re-opened. Although the original coroner had died, he was initially suspicious of her electrocution. The current coroner confirmed drowning was the cause of death, and bruising on her body at the time aroused the suspicion. It was also revealed the radio had been tampered with and given an even longer cord to support the electrocution theory. Earl had also forged Kathy's signature on several insurance policies. He was arrested and charged with Kathy's murder in July 2014. He was convicted in 2016.
Season 3 (2015)[edit]
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
27
1 "Still of the Night" January 9, 2015 (2015-01-09) 1.57[30]
In Pocatello, Idaho, in September 2004, someone crept inside 25-year-old Nori Jones' bedroom window while she was sleeping and brutally stabbed her to death. Friends found her body when she failed to show up for work. Police discovered a fingerprint but had no technology to process the other DNA found at the crime scene. In September 2014, Brad Scott Compher was arrested for the murder and awaits an April 2015 hearing.
28
2 "Miss Congeniality" January 16, 2015 (2015-01-16) 1.55[33]
Near Naches, Washington, in February 1997, a passer-by found Deborah Bailey shot to death in her car. Her husband Barrett claimed he was at home at the time of her estimated death and suggested that someone from her secretive drug world possibly killed her. Friends and family admitted to her casual drug use, but did not view that as a reason for her death. Barrett remained a person of interest, even though, upon further investigation, not enough evidence was found to arrest him. In January 2015, detectives and prosecutors arrested him in Idaho on suspicion of first-degree murder.[31] In May 2017, he pleaded to second-degree murder.[32]
29
3 "Burned" January 23, 2015 (2015-01-23) 1.77[35]
In October 2007, Fairview Park, Ohio, emergency crews were called by neighbors to 67-year-old Gwen Bewley's house. She was found dead in her burned-out kitchen. Her neighbor's brother was soon arrested for stealing her rented car and some personal possessions, although he was responsible for helping her financially. Her laptop was among the items, which he took an interest in retrieving from police custody. In 2014, computer analysts discovered that Gwen had canceled some of the payments he made with her credit cards when she was living. This information, coupled with several women's testimony revealing his violent nature, allowed prosecutors to present his case to a grand jury. Timothy Sheline was indicted in December 2014.[34]
30
4 "Mother Daughter Tragedy" January 30, 2015 (2015-01-30) 1.51[36]
Lisa Bennett, a 29-year-old mother, and Kaylee, her six-year-old daughter, were found strangled to death in their Fort Wayne, Indiana, home in 1993. Two suspects, both of whom were Lisa's boyfriends, were viewed as suspects in the deaths. However, at the time, proper crime scene procedures were not followed, and contaminated DNA evidence has not led to an arrest in the unsolved case.
31
5 "Operator, Hurry!" February 6, 2015 (2015-02-06) 1.52[37]
In 1981, Nancy Jo Canode, a young mother in St. Johns County, Florida, called 9-1-1 from her home phone, fearing for her life, but the call quickly ended. While the operator discussed the call with her supervisor, Nancy Jo was brutally stabbed to death. Nancy Jo's daughter Suzanne found her body an hour later and called the police. Investigation into Nancy Jo's husband Ken revealed his habit of using numerous women for their money to satisfy his gambling addiction. In addition, he had also offered someone money to kill Mary Jo, however, the person backed out at the last minute. Investigators believe Ken then killed Mary Jo himself. Despite not getting a confession, nor much help, from Ken, enough evidence was gathered to build a case against him.
32
6 "The Record Keeper" February 20, 2015 (2015-02-20) 1.46[38]
In July 2006, Kyle Smith was found beaten and stabbed to death in his Bridgeport, West Virginia, home. Police had two suspects, Kyle's cousin and his cousin's son, but no one has been arrested in the murder. Almost eight years later, the son has become the most likely suspect, due to his being deeply in debt and relying on Kyle's help. The Harrison County prosecutor was reviewing the case.
33
7 "Little League Dad" February 27, 2015 (2015-02-27) 1.50[39]
Early one morning in October 2009, Paul Bowman was found dead in bed from blunt force trauma to his head. Arlington, Texas police found the house in disarray, as in a robbery, but nothing valuable was missing. After questioning Paul's wife Martha, who gave conflicting statements, and others, police thought of her and her lover as suspects. Despite investigators' best efforts, no arrest for the murder has been made; however, the district attorney is reviewing the case brought against Martha.
34
8 "American Dream" March 6, 2015 (2015-03-06) 1.53[41]
Rupinder Goraya, her husband Kultar, and their two-year-old son Devyn came to Fort Myers, Florida, from India on a work permit. Rupinder had hoped to start a career and also help out her family back home. After developing a cancerous mass and taking a leave from work, she disappeared. Those who knew her said she might leave the abusive Kultar, but would not leave Devyn. Kultar had called his friend Saroop around the time of Rupinder's disappearance, but stated it was to research opening a restaurant. Not long after that, Kultar put Devyn up for adoption. He also stayed in the country on his wife's visa. He has since stated that his wife left the country, but all of her identifying papers were found in the Fort Myers house. Saroop was questioned in 2014 and stated Kultar called him at the time to ask for an alibi. The state's attorney issued an arrest for Kultar. He was found guilty of second-degree murder in 2016.[40]
35
9 "The Alley" April 10, 2015 (2015-04-10) 1.20[42]
Norman West, a well-liked young man, is found murdered and dumped in a Hialeah, Florida, alleyway. The Cold Justice team ends up with 2 likely suspects, Larry Jackson and Latarsha Johnson, both of whom had taken life insurance policies out on the victim. The investigative team scheduled an appointment to present their case to the prosecutor.
36
10 "Devoted" April 17, 2015 (2015-04-17) 1.35[46]
Marie Carlson, a mother of two, mysteriously vanishes from Fort Walton Beach, Florida, then several people receive a cryptic group text from her three days later then never hear from her again. Investigation reveals that Marie had been living in a secret polygamous relationship with the pastor of her church and his wife, James and Tanya Flanders. After determining that Marie was not a missing person, but must have been murdered, the Cold Justice team focus on James and Tanya Flanders as their suspects. At the end of the episode, the prosecutor's office agreed to review the case. James Flanders was arrested in May 2015.[43] He pleaded guilty was sentenced to 15 years for manslaughter.[44] As a part of his plea, he agreed to lead authorities to Marie's body, which he had buried in the yard of his former home. Her remains were positively identified.[45]
37
11 "Lying in Wait" April 24, 2015 (2015-04-24) 1.35[47]
In 1997, in Greenville, Ohio, Dennis Young and Kim Stephan were found shot dead inside Young's home. Stephan's ex-husband Bob and a woman named Patty Burton are the main suspects in the case. A case was made against Bob, and the DA agreed to review the file.
38
12 "Trip to Nowhere" May 1, 2015 (2015-05-01) 1.31[48]
In Hernando County, Florida, in 1981, a daughter returns home from school to find her mother, Laverne Mackey, gone without explanation. The investigators conclude that Laverne did not leave, and was murdered. The team feels that her husband, Merl Mackey, is the only suspect. Although no case could be made during the show, because they were unable to speak to Merl, investigators later spoke to him, and he confessed.
39
13 "Justice Served" May 8, 2015 (2015-05-08) 1.14[49]
John Walsh interviews the investigative team for their behind-the-scenes insights. Exclusive updates on past cases and questions to Kelly and Yolanda will be featured.
40
14 "Beloved Doctor" May 15, 2015 (2015-05-15) 1.04[51]
A respected doctor in Paducah, Kentucky, Dr. Frank Shemwell, is brutally murdered and set on fire in his kitchen. Suspects include Dr. Shemwell's younger wife (Penny), her son, and her lover. The team was able to eliminate Penny's son as a suspect. Although no charges for murder have been filed, Penny has been in and out of jail for various other offenses since.[50]
41
15 "Smoking Gun" May 29, 2015 (2015-05-29) 1.00[52]
A college student, Stacy Dillon, is killed in his hometown of Cleveland, Tennessee. The investigative team is able to narrow the suspect list down to one - Stacy's boyfriend, Robert Houston III - but did not have sufficient evidence to make an arrest.
42
16 "The Good Life" June 5, 2015 (2015-06-05) 1.31[53]
In 2003 in West Palm Beach, Florida, Gwen Greenblatt is cornered in her apartment and shot twice. It seems her abusive, controlling husband (Matt Greenblatt) is the murderer, but first, investigators must find who left a smoldering cigarette outside her apartment. DNA was run before the Cold Justice team gets involved. The DNA on the smoldering cigarette gets a hit on a convicted white-collar criminal who delivered pizzas, but there is also another cigarette with Gwen's husband's DNA on it. Information surfaces that Gwen told Matt the day before her murder that she was going to be filing for divorce. The team presented the case against Matt Greenblatt to their state's attorney, who liked the case, and assigned a prosecutor to keep working on it.
43
17 "Off the Beaten Path" July 31, 2015 (2015-07-31) 1.22[54]
In 1987, Eric and Dottie Ferguson were shot multiple times inside their rural Spartanburg, South Carolina home. After visiting the crime scene, the team decides that a random intruder is incredibly unlikely, due to how remote the home was. The case builds against Eric's son Kevin, with even his brothers saying they believe that Kevin is responsible for the murders. The team takes the case to the solicitor, who likes the case, and agrees to continue reviewing it.
44
18 "Room #10" August 7, 2015 (2015-08-07) 1.53[56]
Investigators return to Fort Myers, Florida, to work on a 22-year-old murder case of a woman found shot in the head, covered in bloody sheets and dumped behind a community recreation center. In late-July 2017, Angelo E. Ruth pleaded guilty to the second-degree murder of Mattie Henry and was sentenced to 11 years in prison.[55]
45
19 "The Escape" August 14, 2015 (2015-08-14) 1.14[57]
In 1985 in Oregon County, Missouri, Brenda Dunham, a young mother caught in an abusive relationship disappeared. The team must investigate whether or not she left town by her own design. After finding that she never picked up her last payroll check, the team feels that Brenda did not leave on her own. Their only suspect is her husband, Jeff. By the end of the episode, the team has built a case against Jeff, and present it to the prosecutor's office. The prosecutor agrees to review the case.
46
20 "Up In Flames" August 21, 2015 (2015-08-21) 1.27[59]
The team heads to Johnson County, Iowa to work with the sheriff's office on the 1995 case of a mother and gifted artist (Sue Kersten) who was found dead in her car after an explosion. Her husband's (Steve Klein) violent characteristics come to light, and the team takes the case against him to their county attorney. An arrest warrant is issued, and Steve is arrested. In February 2017, Steve pleaded guilty to willful injury causing serious injury, second-degree arson, and suborning perjury, although he was originally charged with first-degree murder. He was sentenced to a maximum of 15 years in prison.[58]
47
21 "Trajectory" August 28, 2015 (2015-08-28) 1.45[61]
In 2012, Ben Cooper is found dead of an apparent suicide by his wife, Samantha Price. Investigators are immediately suspicious because of the location of the gun shot to the back of Ben's head. Samantha is the only suspect for the team. After determining that it was highly unlikely that Ben shot himself in the back of the head, the team focuses on building a case against Samantha. The prosecuting attorney decides to take the case against Samantha to a grand jury, and she was arrested. In December 2016, Samantha was sentenced to 15 years in prison for voluntary manslaughter.[60]
48
22 "Justice Served" September 4, 2015 (2015-09-04) 0.99[62]
John Walsh interviews the investigative team for their behind-the-scenes insights. Exclusive updates on past cases and questions to Kelly and Yolanda were featured.
49
23 "In The Neighborhood, Part 1" September 11, 2015 (2015-09-11) 1.28[64]
In 1992 in White Settlement, Texas, Laura Walsh was sexually assaulted and stabbed to death in her home. Months later, two young men, Gene Giddens & Jonathan "Keith" Durington, have their throats slashed in the same neighborhood. All 3 victims were set on fire after their deaths. Investigators call in the team to determine if these two cases are potentially connected. Years later, DNA from Laura's sexual assault kit matches Donald Wright. He denies knowing Laura or being at the scene. The team feels he is responsible, but wants to wait to present the case to the DA, in case he is involved in the other homicides. In August 2016, Wright was arrested for the murder of Laura Walsh.[63]
50
24 "In The Neighborhood, Part 2" September 18, 2015 (2015-09-18) 1.16[65]
The White Settlement, Texas, investigation continues. After interviewing a large number of suspects, the team seems to be getting nowhere, until a recorded phone call of Doughlas Wright changes the outlook of the investigation.
Season 4 (2017)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
51
1 "One of Our Own" July 22, 2017 (2017-07-22) 0.40[67]
Mary Jane LeFlore of Huntsville, Texas, was last seen alive on July 19, 1991. Her skeletal remains and jewelry were found two years later, near State Highway 30. An attractive correctional officer, she was admired by fellow coworkers and prisoners alike. She had been having an affair with a coworker, to whom she revealed signs of abuse from husband Larry, also a correctional officer. Her husband was questioned at the time of her disappearance, and he admitted seeing her with another person in a car but was unable to follow them. In June 2017, Larry LeFlore was charged with her murder.[66]
52
2 "Fresh Wounds" July 29, 2017 (2017-07-29) 0.44[68]
Early on the morning of September 9, 2015, Norwegian-born photographer Morten Aigeltinger left his home near Charles Town, West Virginia, but never arrived for an afternoon photo shoot less than an hour away. On September 11, he was reported missing by his live-in girlfriend; three days later, his abandoned vehicle was found beside the Shenandoah River, a few miles from his farm. Both Morten's coworker and friends related tensions within the home among Morten, his girlfriend, and her mother. Records also show that, on the night of his disappearance, the girlfriend's cellphone was used near where his vehicle was later found. Investigators presented all evidence against the girlfriend to the district attorney, and his family is told that Morten is not coming home.
53
3 "A Deadly Inheritance" August 5, 2017 (2017-08-05) 0.53[69]
On October 3, 2004, Glenn Pennie of Polk County, Oregon, prepared to travel to California to settle his deceased father's estate. His neighbor discovered Glenn's truck on his property but Glenn disappeared. The investigation, which revealed that Glenn's father had over $1 million worth of gold coins that were stolen after his death, was approached as both a missing-person case and homicide.
54
4 "Beyond the Grave" August 12, 2017 (2017-08-12) 0.61[70]
In the series' oldest cold case from August 1975, Tye Breland of Pascagoula, Mississippi, apparently shot himself in the chest in his bedroom with a shotgun. His death was listed as a suicide and no autopsy was performed. In 2017, investigators interview friends and relatives of his wife at the time to find inconsistencies with her relating his manner of death. This discovery was presented to the district attorney.
55
5 "Home Alone" August 19, 2017 (2017-08-19) 0.48[71]
In Hope, Arkansas, Kelly and her team investigate the murder of a young mother who was brutally executed in her home. The clues to her killer's identity may rest in the hands of her 10-year-old son who was in his bedroom at the time.
56
6 "The Widow" September 2, 2017 (2017-09-02) 0.32[72]
57
7 "If I Can't Have You No One Can" September 9, 2017 (2017-09-09) N/A
58
8 "Cabin In The Woods" September 23, 2017 (2017-09-23) 0.49[73]
59
9 "Dying Declaration" September 30, 2017 (2017-09-30) 0.54[74]
60
10 "Covet" October 28, 2017 (2017-10-28) 0.40[75]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Laflin, Nancy (March 18, 2015). "Clock ticks on West Mesa murders". KOAT. Retrieved September 8, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Tribune-Star, Lisa Trigg |. "41 years after murder, jury convicts Earl Taylor of killing first wife, Kathy". Terre Haute Tribune Star. Retrieved 2017-09-09.
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Jump up ^ Chapman, Bridget. "YCSO, Cold Justice speak out about Bailey arrest". KIMA-TV. Retrieved February 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Oliver, Miles Jay. "Barry Beckford sentenced in death of wife: Cold case murder trial ends with 2nd degree manslaughter plea". Yakima Herald. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Shaffer, Cory (January 10, 2017). "Judge steps down after Fairview Park murder suspect's courtroom conspiracy rant". Retrieved September 10, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (February 9, 2015). "Friday Cable Ratings: 'Gold Rush' Tops Night + 'Alaskan Bush People', 'Bring It!', 'Newsreaders' & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (February 23, 2015). "Friday Cable Ratings: 'Alaskan Bush People' Tops Night + 'Gold Rush', 'Jack & Triumph Show', NBA Basketball & More". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
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Jump up ^ Dennis, Zach (January 27, 2016). "Fla. man gets life after TV show uncovers wife's murder". Retrieved September 10, 2017.
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Jump up ^ McLaughlin, Tom (July 19, 2016). "Flanders gets 15 years for manslaughter". Retrieved September 11, 2017.
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External links[edit]
Official website
List of Cold Justice episodes on IMDb
List of Cold Justice episodes at TV.com
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