text:
scanf format string
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Scanf format string (which stands for "scan formatted") refers to a control parameter used by a class of functions in the string-processing libraries of various programming languages. The format string specifies a method for reading a string into an arbitrary number of varied data type parameter(s). The input string is by default read from the standard input, but variants exist that read the input from other sources.
The term "scanf" is due to the C language, which popularized this type of function, but these functions predate C, and other names are used, such as "readf" in ALGOL 68. Scanf format strings, which provide formatted input (parsing), are complementary to printf format strings, which provide formatted output (templating). In both cases these provide simple functionality and fixed format compared to more sophisticated and flexible parsers or template engines, but are sufficient for many purposes.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Usage
3 Format string specifications
4 Vulnerabilities
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
Mike Lesk's portable input/output library, including scanf, officially became part of Unix in Version 7.[1]
Usage[edit]
The scanf function, which is found in C, reads input for numbers and other datatypes from standard input (often a command line interface or similar kind of a text user interface).
The following shows code in C that reads a variable number of unformatted decimal integers from the standard input stream and prints out each of them on a separate line:
#include <stdio.h> int main(void) { int n; while (scanf("%d", &n) == 1) printf("%d\n", n); return 0; }
After being processed by the program above, an irregularly spaced list of integers such as
456 123 789     456 12
456 1
      2378

will appear consistently spaced as:
456
123
789
456
12
456
1
2378

To print out a word:
#include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char word[20]; if (scanf("%19s", word) == 1) puts(word); return 0; }
No matter what the datatype the programmer wants the program to read, the arguments (such as &n above) must be pointers pointing to memory. Otherwise, the function will not perform correctly because it will be attempting to overwrite the wrong sections of memory, rather than pointing to the memory location of the variable you are attempting to get input for.
In the last example an address-of operator (&) is not used for the argument: as word is the name of an array of char, as such it is (in all contexts in which it evaluates to an address) equivalent to a pointer to the first element of the array. While the expression &word would numerically evaluate to the same value, semantically it has an entirely different meaning in that it stands for the address of the whole array rather than an element of it. This fact needs to be kept in mind when assigning scanf output to strings.
As scanf is designated to read only from standard input, many programming languages with interfaces, such as PHP, have derivatives such as sscanf and fscanf but not scanf itself.
Format string specifications[edit]
The formatting placeholders in scanf are more or less the same as that in printf, its reverse function.
There are rarely constants (i.e. characters that are not formatting placeholders) in a format string, mainly because a program is usually not designed to read known data. The exception is one or more whitespace characters, which discards all whitespace characters in the input.
Some of the most commonly used placeholders follow:
%d : Scan an integer as a signed decimal number.
%i : Scan an integer as a signed number. Similar to %d, but interprets the number as hexadecimal when preceded by 0x and octal when preceded by 0. For example, the string 031 would be read as 31 using %d, and 25 using %i. The flag h in %hi indicates conversion to a short and hh conversion to a char.
%u : Scan for decimal unsigned int (Note that in the C99 standard the input value minus sign is optional, so if a minus sign is read, no errors will arise and the result will be the two's complement of a negative number, likely a very large value. See strtoul().[not in citation given]) Correspondingly, %hu scans for an unsigned short and %hhu for an unsigned char.
%f : Scan a floating-point number in normal (fixed-point) notation.
%g, %G : Scan a floating-point number in either normal or exponential notation. %g uses lower-case letters and %G uses upper-case.
%x, %X : Scan an integer as an unsigned hexadecimal number.
%o : Scan an integer as an octal number.
%s : Scan a character string. The scan terminates at whitespace. A null character is stored at the end of the string, which means that the buffer supplied must be at least one character longer than the specified input length.
%c : Scan a character (char). No null character is added.
whitespace: Any whitespace characters trigger a scan for zero or more whitespace characters. The number and type of whitespace characters do not need to match in either direction.
%lf : Scan as a double floating-point number.
%Lf : Scan as a long double floating-point number.
The above can be used in compound with numeric modifiers and the l, L modifiers which stand for "long" in between the percent symbol and the letter. There can also be numeric values between the percent symbol and the letters, preceding the long modifiers if any, that specifies the number of characters to be scanned. An optional asterisk (*) right after the percent symbol denotes that the datum read by this format specifier is not to be stored in a variable. No argument behind the format string should be included for this dropped variable.
The ff modifier in printf is not present in scanf, causing differences between modes of input and output. The ll and hh modifiers are not present in the C90 standard, but are present in the C99 standard.[2]
An example of a format string is
"%7d%s %c%lf"
The above format string scans the first seven characters as a decimal integer, then reads the remaining as a string until a space, new line or tab is found, then scans the first non is usually used in situations when program cannot guarantee that the input is in the expected format. Therefore a robust program must check ther the not guarantee that the input is in the expected format. Therefore a robust program must check whether the scanf call succeeded and take appropriate action. If the input was not in the correct format, the erroneous data will still be on the input stream and md and discarded before new input can be read. An alternative methodding input, which avoids this, is to use fgets and then examine the string read in. The last step can be done by sscanf, for example.
Vulnerabilities[edit]
, scanf is vulnerable to format string attacks. Great care should be taken to ensure that the formatting string includes limitations for string and array sizes. In most cases the input string size from a user is arbitrary; it can not be determined before the scanf function is executed. This means that uses of %s placeholders without length specifiers are inherently insecure and exploitable for buffer overflows. Another potential problem is to allow dynamic formatting strings, for example formatting strings stored in configuration files or other user controlled files. In this case the allowed input length of string sizes can not be specified unless the formatting string is checked beforehand and limitations are enforced. Related to this are additional or mismatched formatting placeholders which do not match the actual vararg list. These placeholders might be partially extracted from the stack, contain undesirable or even insecure pointers depending on the particular implementation of varargs.
See also[edit]
Information technology portal
C programming language
C++
Format string attack
PHP
Printf format string
string interpolation
References[edit]
Jump up ^ McIlroy, M. D. (1987). A Research Unix reader: annotated excerpts from the Programmer's Manual, 1971–1986 (PDF) (Technical report). CSTR. Bell Labs. 139.
Jump up ^ C99 standard, §7.19.6.2 "The fscanf function" alinea 11.
External links[edit]
scanf – System Interfaces Reference, The Single UNIX Specification, Issue 7 from The Open Group
C++ reference for std::scanf
[hide]
v
t
e
C programming language
ANSI C
C89 and C90
C99
C11
Embedded C
MISRA C
Features
Functions
Header files
Libraries
Operators
String
Syntax
Preprocessor
Data types
Standard library
functions
Char (ctype.h)
File I/O (stdio.h)
Math (math.h)
Dynamic memory (stdlib.h)
String (string.h)
Time (time.h)
Variadic (stdarg.h)
POSIX
Standard
libraries
Bionic
libhybris
dietlibc
EGLIBC
glibc
klibc
Microsoft Run-time Library
musl
Newlib
uClibc
BSD libc
Compilers
Comparison of compilers
ACK
Borland Turbo C
Clang
GCC
ICC
LCC
Pelles C
PCC
SDCC
TCC
Microsoft Visual Studio / Express / C++
Watcom C/C++
IDEs
Comparison of IDEs
Anjuta
Code::Blocks
CodeLite
Eclipse
Geany
Microsoft Visual Studio
NetBeans
Comparison with
other languages
Compatibility of C and C++
Comparison with Embedded C
Comparison with Pascal
Comparison of programming languages
Descendant
languages
C++
C#
D
Objective-C
Alef
Limbo
Go
Vala
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scanf_format_string&oldid=814669227"
Categories:
C standard library
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from May 2010
All articles needing additional references
All articles with failed verification
Articles with failed verification from January 2011
Use dmy dates from January 2012
Articles with example C code
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
Français
한국어
Italiano
日本語
Português
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 December 2017, at 05:20.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/Function_(computer_science)
mw-redirect
Function (computer science)

values:
/wiki/Programming_languages
mw-redirect
Programming languages

values:
/wiki/Standard_input
mw-redirect
Standard input

values:
/wiki/Templating_language
mw-redirect
Templating language

values:
/wiki/C_programming_language
mw-redirect
C programming language

values:
/wiki/Command_line_interface
mw-redirect
Command line interface

values:
/wiki/Text_user_interface
mw-redirect
Text user interface

values:
/wiki/Interface_(computer_science)
mw-redirect
Interface (computer science)

values: Edit section: Format string specifications

values:
/wiki/Placeholder_(Computing)
mw-redirect
Placeholder (Computing)

values:
/wiki/Whitespace_(computer_science)
mw-redirect
Whitespace (computer science)

values: The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (January 2011)

values:
/wiki/Character_string
mw-redirect
Character string

values:
/wiki/Format_string_attack
mw-redirect
Format string attack

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/Doug_McIlroy
mw-redirect
Doug McIlroy

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Single_Unix_Specification
mw-redirect
Single Unix Specification

values:
/wiki/Visual_C%2B%2B
mw-redirect
Visual C++

values: Comparison of integrated development environments

values: Category:Comparison of individual programming languages

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2010

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with failed verification

values: Category:Articles with failed verification from January 2011

values: Category:Use dmy dates from January 2012

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Scanf_format_string
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanf
Scanf – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanf
Scanf – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanf
Scanf – Korean
ko
ko
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanf
Scanf – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanf
Scanf – Japanese
ja
ja
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanf
Scanf – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Scanf_format_string rootpage-Scanf_format_string skin-vector action-view


text:
GCE Advanced Level
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The A Level logo
The A Level (Advanced Level) is a subject-based qualification conferred as part of the General Certificate of Education, as well as a school leaving qualification offered by the educational bodies in the United Kingdom and the educational authorities of British Crown dependencies to students completing secondary or pre-university education. A number of countries, including Singapore, Kenya, Mauritius and Zimbabwe have developed qualifications with the same name as and a similar format to the British A Levels. Obtaining A Level or equivalent qualifications is generally required for university entrance, with universities granting conditional offers based on grades achieved.
Normally, students take between 3 and 5 A Levels in their first year of sixth form, and most cut back to 3 in their second year. This is because university offers are normally based on 3 A Levels. Unlike other level 3 qualifications such as the International Baccalaureate, A Levels have no specific subject requirements, so students have the opportunity to combine any subjects they wish to take. However, students normally pick their courses based on the degree they wish to pursue at university: most degrees require specific A Levels for entry, such as A Level Mathematics for a Mathematics degree.
A Levels are generally worked towards over two years. Between 2015 and 2018 (first assessment Summer 2017), new style linear A Levels are being introduced in England as part of the government's educational reforms (initially across 13 subjects), replacing older modular courses where exams could be taken at several points during the course. Instead, reformed A Levels are now taken as a set of terminal exams, and are no longer separated into units. There is less emphasis on coursework, and students must resit all exams if they wish to resit the qualification. Additionally, the AS Level is now a separate qualification and is not required for an A Level award, although still encompasses the first year of the full A Level content. However, as these reforms won't be complete until 2018, students still sit AS Level exams as part of an A Level in unreformed qualifications, most notably Mathematics which is not reformed until 2017. Hence some students may be taking a combination of modular and linear courses during this transition period. Controversially, various A Level courses have been abolished from 2017 as part of these reforms, including Archaeology, Creative Writing and Home Economics among others.
In the older modular courses, A Levels are split into two parts, with first known as the Advanced Subsidiary Level, commonly referred to as the AS Level, which serves as a qualification in its own right aiding university admission, and the second part is known as the A2 Level, which is more in-depth and academically rigorous than the AS Level. The AS Level combines with the A2 Level for a full A Level award. The A2 Level is not a qualification on its own, and must be accompanied with an AS Level in the same subject for certification.
Contents
[hide]
1 Current usage
1.1 United Kingdom
1.1.1 England A Level Reforms
1.2 Hong Kong
1.3 Nepal
1.4 Pakistan
1.5 Brunei
1.6 Cameroon
1.7 Malaysia
1.8 Mauritius
1.9 Seychelles
1.10 Singapore
1.11 Sri Lanka
1.12 India
1.13 Zimbabwe
2 Former usage
2.1 Caribbean
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Current usage[edit]
A number of countries use A Levels as a school-leaving qualification. The A Levels taken by students in some countries often differ significantly from the A Levels taken in the United Kingdom.[citation needed]
United Kingdom[edit]
Main article: GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)
A Levels are a college or sixth form leaving qualification offered in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. These are not compulsory, unlike GCSEs. In Scotland, A Levels are also offered by selected schools as an alternative school-leaving qualification in place of the Scottish Advanced Higher. The five main examination boards which administer British A Levels in the UK are:
Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA)
Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations (OCR)
Edexcel (Edexcel Pearson - London Examinations)
Welsh Joint Education Committee (WJEC)
Council for the Curriculum, Examinations & Assessment (CCEA)
Edexcel and Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) also offer international versions of the British A Levels in the United Kingdom and worldwide.
The British variant of A/AS levels are also taken in many Commonwealth and former Commonwealth countries, as well as in examination centres worldwide. British international schools in foreign countries generally offer the British A Levels as offered through Edexcel or Cambridge International Examinations. At select examination centres, the British A Level exams may also be available to private candidates.
England A Level Reforms[edit]
Between 2015 and 2018 (first assessment Summer 2017), A Levels in England are being reformed, transitioning from a modular to linear structure (initially across 13 subjects). This means all A Level exams must be sat in one sitting as a set of terminal exams (3 exams for the majority of subjects), and there is less emphasis on coursework. An example of this can be seen in Edexcel's new English Literature A Level, reformed in 2015, which reduces the amount of coursework to 20% (from 40% in the old modular specification). Additionally, A Levels are no longer separated into units, and students must resit all of their exams if they wish to resit the qualification. While these reforms were expected to be complete in 2017, this has been extended to 2018 to include the reforms of less common languages such as Modern Hebrew, Bengali among others.
The AS Level is now a separate qualification and is not required for an A Level award, although still encompasses the first year of the full A Level content. However, unlike AS Levels in the old modular courses, they are now worth only 40% as many UCAS points as a full A Level (from 50% in the modular courses), likely due to the fact that content from the second year of A Level is considered more academically challenging than that of the first year.
As these reforms are taking place in stages, many students will be taking a combination of modular and linear courses, with AS Levels still being part of an A Level in older modular courses.
Controversially, various A Level courses have been abolished from 2017 as part of these reforms. These include Archaeology, Anthropology, Creative Writing, Critical Thinking, General Studies and Home Economics among others.
Due to opposition to these reforms in other parts of the UK, Wales and Northern Ireland have maintained the modular structure to their qualifications.
Hong Kong[edit]
The British A-level qualifications such as GCE A-level and International A-level are widely accepted in Hong Kong as an alternative to the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education for both admission and employment purposes. It is notably one of the most popular qualifications used for university admission via the non-JUPAS channel. For example, average non-JUPAS offers from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology require one to three A*s (the mid-50% range). Since the introduction of the high distinction grade (A*) in 2010, the British A-level examination has regained its power to differentiate the very top levels of ability. According to the British Department for Education, in the academic year 2014/15, approximately 7.3%, 2.7%, 1.0% and 0.3% of all the candidates from the GCSE cohort (548,480) achieved one to four A*s or a better result in the GCE A-level examination. This percentile rank is one important input for equating the levels in both examinations. On the sole basis of percentile ranks and the grade statistics from HKEAA in 2017, a score of 29/35 from the best five subjects in HKDSE is comparable to 1A*2A in the best three British A-levels, 32/35 to 2A*1A, 33/35 to 3A* and 34/35 to 4A*. In deriving inferences from these statistics, it is important to note that slightly more than a third of the GCSE candidates can go on to study in sixth form before applying to universities via the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) while almost all Hong Kong students can study Form 6 before sitting the HKDSE examination. Relevant authorities such as the Hong Kong Examination and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) and UCAS also sought to connect the results from both exam systems to open doors for the holders of these qualifications who wish to study locally or overseas. Officially, the top distinction levels, A* in A-level and 5** in HKDSE, are currently recognized as broadly equivalent. In particular, in the light of statistical evidence, the 1% cut-off line is often set by admission offices at 2A*1A as compared to a score of 43/45 in the International Baccalaureate Diploma but the Uniform Mark Scale (UMS) instead of the letter grades would be used in many cases to offer a much more subtle view of the candidate's academic potential. Typical offers from Cambridge Medical School require 2A*1A and Oxford Medical School require 1A*2A whereas those from the medical schools of the University of Hong Kong and the Chinese University of Hong Kong require 4A* in A-level due to very intense competition.
Nepal[edit]
In Nepal, Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) GCE Advanced Level qualifications are offered by some of the private, public and international schools as an alternative to the Higher Secondary Education Board (HSEB) +2. A-level has become a popular choice for a number of students in Nepal.
Pakistan[edit]
A-levels offered in Pakistan by non-governmental, private institutions, along with International Baccalaureate and other international examinations. Examinations are handled by international British boards and the program is equivalent to Higher Secondary School Certificate. Academies are established all around the country which prepare the students to take the examinations as a private candidate.
Brunei[edit]
In Brunei, the A Level qualification is offered, with examinations conducted by Cambridge International Examinations (CIE). Some subjects are unique to Brunei or have a format, curriculum, or syllabus that is unique to Brunei.
Cameroon[edit]
The Advance level of Cameroon is based on the Cambridge International Examinations and similarly, conducted by the government of Cameroon in collaboration with Cambridge university. All the course taken are related to what the candidate is willing to pursue as career in university and these courses are on a recognizable internationally standard for university entrance; as they are major relevant courses. You can select between 3 to 5 courses during your advance level studies, prior taken your advance level examination on which.
Malaysia[edit]
In Malaysia, the A Level qualification is offered, with examinations conducted by Cambridge International Examinations (CIE). Some subjects are unique to Malaysia or have a format, curriculum, or syllabus that is unique to Malaysia. For instance, there are two types of A Level in Malaysia, Cambridge A Level (administered by Cambridge International Examinations) and Edexcel International Advanced Level (administered by Pearson International).
Mauritius[edit]
Main article: Higher School Certificate (Mauritius)
In Mauritius, A/AS Level qualifications are taken as part of the Higher School Certificate, awarded upon successful completion of secondary school after passing of examinations jointly administered by the Mauritius Examinations Syndicate and the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES). A number of exam papers for offered, such as French, are customised to support the national educational standards. Additionally, International A Level qualifications from Edexcel are available, for which exams may be registered through the Mauritius Examinations Syndicate.
Seychelles[edit]
In Seychelles, the A Level qualification is offered, with examinations conducted by Cambridge International Examinations (CIE). Some subjects are unique to Seychelles or have a format, curriculum, or syllabus that is unique to Seychelles.
Singapore[edit]
Main article: Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level
In Singapore, H1/H2/H3 level qualifications are awarded upon successful completion of examinations jointly administered by Singapore Ministry of Education (MOE), Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board (SEAB) and the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES).
Sri Lanka[edit]
Main article: GCE Advanced Level in Sri Lanka
In Sri Lanka, A Level is offered by governmental and non governmental schools. The qualifications are awarded upon successful completion of examinations called Local A Levels while most of the private schools award them upon London A Levels. Local GCE Advanced Level qualification is offered by the Department of Examinations. Passing A Levels is the major requirement for applying local universities.
India[edit]
In India, Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) GCE Advanced Level qualifications are offered at private and international schools as an alternative to the conventional Indian School Certificate (ISC) or Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC).[1][2]
Zimbabwe[edit]
The GCE Advanced Level qualification is offered by the Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC).[3] Before, this qualification was jointly offered by Cambridge International Examinations and the Council in Zimbabwe. The ZIMSEC variant is perceived to be more challenging than the UK version mostly in science subjects.
Former usage[edit]
This article's tone or style may not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for suggestions. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Caribbean[edit]
In 1972, there has been a move away from the GCE Advanced Level to the CXC CAPE examinations,[4] making them a de facto university entrance examination. Some universities also require applicants to take separate entrance examination. The International Baccalaureate and European Baccalaureate are also accepted.
See also[edit]
GCSE - General Certificate of Secondary Education (An entry qualification)
GCE - Ordinary (O) Level (An entry qualification that has been phased out in the United Kingdom)
Further / Special
GCE - Special (S) level (last offered 2001)
Advanced Extension Award (AEA - 2002-2009, 2015 mathematics)
Sixth Term Examination Paper (STEP – used by the University of Cambridge and the University of Warwick for admissions to study mathematics at undergraduate level)
International A-Levels
Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE)
Singapore-Cambridge GCE Advanced Level (equivalent examination in Singapore)
Sri Lankan Advanced Level
Scotland
Higher (Scottish) (Scottish university entrance qualification)
Advanced Higher (Scottish) (Scottish equivalent to A Level)
Vocational
BTEC Extended Diploma (Is the highest level of the BTEC structure and is taken by people aged 16 or over (Equal to A Levels).)
NVQ (level 3)
Advanced Vocational Certificate of Education (AVCE)
Europe
Abitur (similar qualification in Germany and Finland)
Eindexamen (similar qualification in the Netherlands)
Matura or Maturità (similar qualification in some European countries)
Baccalaureate
Baccalauréat (similar qualification in France)
European Baccalaureate (examination used mainly in the European School system)
International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma (alternative examination found across the world)
International alternates
Advanced Placement Program (similar qualification in the United States)
Bagrut (similar qualification in Israel)
Leaving Certificate
Malaysian Higher School Certificate (better known as "STPM", an equivalent examination in Malaysia)
Matriculation Certificate
Senior Secondary Certificate of Education (Australia)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "JAIN INTERNATIONAL RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL, BANGALORE, INDIA". jirs.ac.in.
Jump up ^ "Modern Indian School". misktm.edu.np. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Zimbabwe School Examinations Council About". Zimbabwe School Examinations Council. Archived from the original on 2 August 2014. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Caribbean Examinations Council Report Archived 21 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. Reforming the Examination System. House of Commons, 26 March 2003. Retrieved 12 June 2006.
External links[edit]
Wikibooks has more on the topic of: GCE Advanced Level
Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency: A Level resources
University of Cambridge: International A & AS levels
The Guardian 2005 A Level results, \
2005 A Level results CIE O level and A level Timetable 2018
[show]
v
t
e
Education in the United Kingdom
Modern systems
England
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales
History
England
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales
Higher education
England
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales
UK
Topics
Academies
Comprehensives
English medium education
Free school (England)
Gaelic medium education in Scotland
Irish medium education in Northern Ireland
Grammar schools
Studio schools
UTCs
Welsh medium education
[show]
v
t
e
Qualifications and Credit Framework in England and Wales and Northern Ireland
Level 8
Doctorate
Level 7
Master's degree
Level 6
Bachelor's degree
Level 5
Bachelor's degree, Foundation degree, Higher National Diploma
Level 4
Bachelor's degree, Foundation degree, Higher National Certificate
Level 3
A-level, BTEC Extended Diploma, BTEC National Certificate
Level 2
GCSE (grades A* to C), BTEC First Diploma
Level 1
GCSE (grades D-G), BTEC First Diploma, Foundation Diploma
Entry Level 3
Key Stage 3, E3 Diploma
[show]
v
t
e
National Qualifications Framework in England and Wales and Northern Ireland
For higher levels, compare with the FHEQ system.
Level 8
City & Guilds Fellowship,
Level 7
City & Guilds Membership, National Diploma*, BTEC Advanced Professional Diploma*, Level 5 NVQ
Level 6
City & Guilds Associateship, City & Guilds Graduateship, NEBOSH National Diploma, National Diploma*, BTEC Advanced Professional Diploma*, Level 5 NVQ
Level 5
Higher National Diploma, Higher National Certificate, Level 4 NVQ
Level 4
City & Guilds Licentiateship, Level 4 NVQ
Level 3
BTEC Extended Diploma, BTEC National Certificate, City & Guilds Level 3, Level 3 NVQ, A-level, National Diploma*, Ordinary National Certificate, Advanced Diploma, NEBOSH National General Cerificate, Access to Higher Education Diploma, Advanced Extension Award, International Baccalaureate, Extended Project Qualification
Level 2
City & Guilds Level 2, Level 2 NVQ, GCSE (grades A* to C), BTEC First Diploma, OCR Nationals, Skills for Life*
Level 1
Level 1 NVQ, GCSE (grades D-G), Foundation Diploma, BTEC Introductory Diploma, Introductory Certificate, Skills for Life*
Entry
English as a foreign or second language (up to level 3), Skills for Life*, Functional Skills, Entry level certificates
* certain subjects fall under this level.
[show]
v
t
e
Admission tests to colleges and universities
Africa
South Africa: Matriculation in South Africa
Tunisia: Tunisian Baccalaureate
Americas
Brazil: Vestibular, ENEM
Canada: Alberta Diploma Exam
Chile: PSU
Colombia: ICFES
United States: SAT, ACT
Asia-Pacific
Australia: ATAR, STAT
China: Gaokao
Hong Kong: HKDSE (JUPAS)
India: IITJEE, AIEEE, EAMCET
Indonesia: UN, SBMPTN
Iran: Concours
Israel: The Psychometry
Japan: NCTUA, EJU
Kazakhstan: UBT
Malaysia: STPM
Philippines: UPCAT, PUPCET
Singapore: GCE-O, GCE-A
South Korea: Suneung
Taiwan: GSAT, DRT
Thailand: GAT, PAT
Europe
Belarus: CTRB
Denmark: Studentereksamen
Estonia: Küpsuseksamid
Finland: Ylioppilastutkinto
France: Baccalauréat
Germany: Abitur
Ireland: Leaving Certificate
Netherlands: Eindexamen
Portugal: ENES
Romania: Bacalaureat
Russia: Unified State Exam (EGE)
Spain: Selectividad
Sweden: Högskoleprovet
Turkey: YGS-LYS
Ukraine: External independent evaluation (ZNO)
United Kingdom: A-Level, Higher
Albania, Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Kosovo, Liechtenstein, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Switzerland: Matura
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GCE_Advanced_Level&oldid=827607490"
Categories:
Educational qualifications in England
School examinations
1951 introductions
Secondary school qualifications
Secondary education in England
Secondary education in Wales
Secondary education in Northern Ireland
Educational qualifications in Wales
Educational qualifications in Northern Ireland
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles needing additional references from October 2017
All articles needing additional references
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016
Wikipedia articles needing style editing from March 2016
All articles needing style editing
Use dmy dates from May 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Čeština
Cymraeg
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
Bahasa Melayu
日本語
Português
Simple English
Türkçe
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 25 February 2018, at 18:35.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: href title

attrs: class href

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

value: i

value: tr

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Welsh_Joint_Education_Committee
mw-redirect
Welsh Joint Education Committee

values: Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education

values: Joint University Programmes Admissions System

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.hseb.edu.np

values: Singapore Examinations and Assessment Board

values:
/wiki/Indian_School_Certificate
mw-redirect
Indian School Certificate

values: Higher Secondary Certificate (page does not exist)

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Tone

values: General Certificate of Secondary Education

values:
/wiki/Ordinary_Level
mw-redirect
Ordinary Level

values:
/wiki/Advanced_Level_(SL)
mw-redirect
Advanced Level (SL)

values:
/wiki/Advanced_Higher_(Scottish)
mw-redirect
Advanced Higher (Scottish)

values: Advanced Vocational Certificate of Education

values:
/wiki/European_School
mw-redirect
European School

values:
/wiki/Advanced_Placement_Program
mw-redirect
Advanced Placement Program

values:
/wiki/Leaving_Certificate
mw-redirect
Leaving Certificate

values: Senior Secondary Certificate of Education

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.jirs.ac.in/aca_cie.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.misktm.edu.np/a-level

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.zimsec.co.zw/ABOUT.html

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Template:Education in the United Kingdom

values: Template talk:Education in the United Kingdom (page does not exist)

values: List of universities in Northern Ireland

values:
/wiki/English_medium_education
mw-redirect
English medium education

values:
/wiki/University_Technical_College
mw-redirect
University Technical College

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:Qualifications and Credit Framework

values: Template talk:Qualifications and Credit Framework (page does not exist)

values: BTEC National Certificate (page does not exist)

values: Foundation Diploma (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template talk:National Qualifications Framework (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/National_Diploma_(UK)
mw-redirect
National Diploma (UK)

values: BTEC Advanced Professional Diploma (page does not exist)

values: Advanced Diploma (UK) (page does not exist)

values: BTEC Introductory Diploma (page does not exist)

values: Introductory Certificate (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Functional_Skills
mw-redirect
Functional Skills

values: Template talk:Undergraduate admission tests

values: List of admission tests to colleges and universities

values:
/wiki/Alberta_Diploma_Exam
mw-redirect
Alberta Diploma Exam

values: National Higher Education Entrance Examination

values: Indian Institute of Technology Joint Entrance Examination

values: All India Engineering/Architecture Entrance Examination

values: Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test

values: Seleksi Bersama Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Negeri

values: National Center Test for University Admissions

values: Examination for Japanese University Admission

values: Uttlıq Birınğay Testilew (page does not exist)

values: University of the Philippines College Admission Test

values: Polytechnic University of the Philippines College Entrance Test

values: College Scholastic Ability Test (South Korea)

values: Department Required Test (page does not exist)

values: General Aptitude Test (page does not exist)

values: Professional Aptitude Test (page does not exist)

values: Central Test of the Republic of Belarus (page does not exist)

values: Category:Educational qualifications in England

values: Category:Secondary education in Northern Ireland

values: Category:Educational qualifications in Wales

values: Category:Educational qualifications in Northern Ireland

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2017

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing style editing from March 2016

values: Category:All articles needing style editing

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-level
A-level – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-level
A-level – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-level
A-level – Malay
ms
ms
interlanguage-link-target

values: 一般教育修了上級レベル – Japanese

values: General Certificate of Education Advanced Level – Portuguese

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-level
A-level – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/A-level
A-level – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values: 普通教育高级程度证书 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-GCE_Advanced_Level rootpage-GCE_Advanced_Level skin-vector action-view


text:
St. Paul Saints
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the current baseball team. For the other uses, see St. Paul Saints (disambiguation).
St. Paul Saints
Team logo
Cap insignia
Information
League
American Association (North Division)
Location
Saint Paul, Minnesota
Ballpark
CHS Field
Year founded
1993
League championships
4 (1993, 1995, 1996, 2004)
Division championships
6 (1997, 2000, 2003, 2006, 2015, 2016)
Former league(s)
Northern League (1993–2005)
Colors
Blue, white
Ownership
Goldklang Group
Manager
George Tsamis
General Manager
Derek Sharrer
Media
Sean Aronson
Website
saintsbaseball.com
The St. Paul Saints are an American professional baseball team based in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Saints are a member of the North Division of the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball, which is not affiliated with Major League Baseball. The Saints played their home games at Midway Stadium starting in 1993, when the modern-day team started as a member of the Northern League. In 2006 the team was a founding member of the modern American Association. The team started playing in the new CHS Field in 2015.[1]
Before the arrival of the Minnesota Twins in 1961, there was a long history of minor-league baseball teams called the St. Paul Saints, as well as their crosstown rivals the Minneapolis Millers. One incarnation of the Saints participated in the Union Association, a short-lived major league, in 1884. A second incarnation was active in the Western League from 1894 to 1899, and became a forerunner of the modern Chicago White Sox. The third and most long-lived incarnation of the Saints was active in the American Association from 1915 to 1960.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 St. Paul Saints (1894–1899)
1.2 St. Paul Saints (1901–1960)
2 Current roster
2.1 Notable former players
3 Notable promotions
4 Fast facts
5 Season-by-season record
6 Playoffs
7 References
8 External links
9 League references
History[edit]
The current inception of the St. Paul Saints was formed in 1993 in the Northern League, one of several independent leagues not affiliated with Major League Baseball. The Saints are known for promotions that are sometimes over-the-top even by the standards of minor league baseball. In this regard, Mike Veeck, formerly the team's principal owner and still owner of a large interest in the team, is seen as following in the footsteps of his father Bill Veeck, who was famous for conceiving outlandish promotions as an owner of the Major League teams the St. Louis Browns, Cleveland Indians, and Chicago White Sox. The current majority owner, Marvin Goldklang, also owns a stake in four other minor league baseball teams: the Fort Myers Miracle, Sioux Falls Pheasants, Hudson Valley Renegades, and Charleston RiverDogs. Comedian and actor Bill Murray is also a part owner.
Despite the considerable naysaying at their inception, the Saints became one of the most successful teams in the Northern League and all of independent baseball. In 2002–2004, the Saints saw severely reduced attendance, owing partially to renewed interest in the Minnesota Twins of Major League Baseball, who won the 2002, 2003, and 2004 American League Central Division championships. In spite of an initially cool, if not outright hostile reception, the Saints and their Major League neighbor (less than 10 miles away) have worked together for several years to promote the sport of baseball.
The Saints have figured prominently in the creation of modern independent baseball. The team has been featured in books ("Rebel Baseball" by Steve Perlstein, 1993; "Slouching Toward Fargo" by Neal Karlen, 1998) and a cable network series ("Baseball, Minnesota", FX Network, 1996–97). Mike Veeck wrote a book that covered the mantra "Fun is Good" (2005) and describes the business approach he has used for many years.
On May 31, 1997, the Saints became the first professional men's baseball team since integration to have a female on their roster. Ila Borders, a pitcher, played with the team out of the bullpen for a month before being traded.
In a tradition started in the team's first year, the Saints pig brings out game balls and receives a snack between innings.
On September 29, 2005, the Saints left the Northern League, along with the Lincoln Saltdogs, Sioux City Explorers, and the Sioux Falls Pheasants to start the American Association for the 2006 season.
In June 2009 the Saints began a push to build a new stadium in Downtown Saint Paul. The proposed 7,500 seat stadium would be located in the Lowertown neighborhood near a planned maintenance facility for the METRO Green Line light rail. The city of Saint Paul requested $25 million in its 2010 bonding wish list to the Minnesota Legislature.[2][3][4][5]
St. Paul Saints (1894–1899)[edit]
Main article: Chicago White Sox
As described in Lee Allen's book, The American League Story (Putnam, 1962), the team began as the Sioux City franchise in a minor league called the Western League. The WL had reorganized itself in November, 1893, with Ban Johnson as President. Johnson, a Cincinnati-based reporter, had been recommended by his friend Charles Comiskey, former major league star with the St. Louis Browns in the 1880s, who was then managing the Cincinnati Reds. After the 1894 season, when Comiskey's contract with the Reds was up, he decided to take his chances at ownership. He bought the Sioux City team and transferred it to St. Paul, where it enjoyed some success over the next 5 seasons.
In 1900, the Western League changed its name to the American League. It was still officially a minor league, a part of the National Agreement and an underling of the National League. The NL actually gave permission to the AL to put a team in Chicago, and on March 21, 1900, Comiskey moved his St. Paul club to the South Side, where they became the Chicago White Sox.
Joe Riggert accumulated 1,639 hits over 12 seasons with the old Saints.
St. Paul Saints (1901–1960)[edit]
Main article: St. Paul Saints (1901–60)
Another team called the Saints played minor league baseball in the American Association from 1901 to 1960. The Saints finished first in the American Association nine times, and won the Little World Series in 1924. During this period, the Saints were a farm club of the Chicago White Sox (1936–1942), the Brooklyn Dodgers (1944–1957), and the Los Angeles Dodgers (1958–1960). The Saints played streetcar home and away double headers with their local rivals, the Minneapolis Millers. When the Minnesota Twins came to town in 1961, the Saints became the Omaha Dodgers and the Millers became the Seattle Rainiers. Lexington Park served as the Saints' home stadium for most of those years.
During the six decades of the original American Association minor league, the Minneapolis Millers and St. Paul Saints engaged in vigorous rivalry known as the Streetcar Series. This series has been documented in a book by Rex Hamann entitled "The Millers and the Saints, Baseball Championships of the Twin Cities Rivals" (2014).
Saints pitcher Mitch Wylie during a game on June 23, 2009. Wylie is wearing the uniform of the Homestead Grays, in honor of Minnesota's contribution to African-Americans in baseball.
Current roster[edit]
St. Paul Saints roster
v
t
e
Active (22-man) roster Coaches/Other
Pitchers
17 Ken Frosch
32 Andrew Gutierrez
41 Mark Hamburger
34 Chandler Hawkins
40 Jeff Malm
20 Vinny Nittoli

Catchers

Infielders
-- Josh Allen
38 J.J. Gould
-- Noah Perio
21 Brady Shoemaker
Outfielders
25 Kes Carter
7 Harrison Kain
19 Danny Oh
-- Jordan Smith
Manager
22 George Tsamis
Coaches
-- Jason Ellenbecker (trainer)
46 Kerry Ligtenberg (pitching)
23 Ole Sheldon (hitting)
-- Danny Wilson (clubhouse manager)
Disabled list
‡ Inactive list
§ Suspended list

Roster updated February 26, 2018
Transactions

Notable former players[edit]
Ila Borders (1997, first woman to pitch in a men's professional baseball league)
Shane Costa (2011, formerly with the Kansas City Royals)
Glenn Davis (1994, formerly with the Houston Astros)
J. D. Drew (1997–1998, signed by the St. Louis Cardinals, finished his career with the Boston Red Sox)
Leon "Bull" Durham (1993–1994, formerly with the Chicago Cubs)
Kevin Millar (1993, formerly with the Florida Marlins, Boston Red Sox, Baltimore Orioles, and Toronto Blue Jays; Millar was on the 2010 Saints Preseason roster, hoping to make the final roster, but left during the preseason to join the MLB Network. On June 24, 2017, Millar came back to the Saints for 1 final game in his professional career, facing the Winnipeg Goldeyes with his family in attendance. In his first and only at-bat (as a deal was made for Millar to have only 1 at-bat) of the game, he hit a 2-run Home Run to left field, and called that moment a true walk-off, as Millar said he will not play professional baseball ever again. Millar revealed the week prior on Intentional Talk that he was trying to go deep in the first place. The Saints would go on to defeat the Goldeyes 8-6 that night, which was also their 25th anniversary of being in existence (for this version of the Saints).)
Minnie Miñoso (1993, 2003, former Negro League and Major League player)
Jack Morris (1996, formerly with the Detroit Tigers, Minnesota Twins, Toronto Blue Jays, and Cleveland Indians)
Darryl Motley (1995, formerly with the Kansas City Royals)
Matt Nokes (1998, formerly with the Detroit Tigers and New York Yankees)
Rey Ordóñez (1993, signed by and played for the New York Mets)
Tanner Scheppers (2009, drafted in the first supplemental round of the 2009 MLB Draft Texas Rangers)
Dave Stevens (1996, legless player with Saints)
Darryl Strawberry (1996, formerly with the New York Mets, Los Angeles Dodgers, and New York Yankees).
Caleb Thielbar (2016-2017, formerly with the Minnesota Twins, and Miami Marlins).
Dan Johnson (2016-present, formerly with the Oakland Athletics and Tampa Bay Rays).
Notable promotions[edit]
In an attempt to gain publicity in a metropolitan area that hosts four major pro sports teams and a major college program, the Saints have grabbed headlines numerous times for their unique promotions.[6]
On July 21, 2015, in an event sponsored by My Pillow, the world's largest pillow fight was held after the second inning, with 6,261 participants. The event was hosted by Stephen Baldwin.[7] Additionally, in honor of the 40th season of Saturday Night Live, former cast member Joe Piscopo performed the national anthem in his impression of Frank Sinatra, and made other appearances throughout the game[8]
A May 11, 2013 exhibition game between the Saints and Gary SouthShore Railcats was played without umpires. The team instead had a judge, in a judicial robe, call balls and strikes from behind the pitcher. Calls at first and third bases were made by a "jury" of 12 Little League players, with the judge able to overrule any calls.[9]
In August 2012, as part of a regional conference held by the Minnesota Atheists, the Saints held "A Night of Unbelievable Fun", where the team wore alternate jerseys branding themselves as the "Mr. Paul Aint's". The promotion was reprised in subsequent seasons.[10][11][12][13]
On July 23, 2011, the Saints celebrated National Hot Dog Day and parodied Anthony Weiner and his first sexting scandal. The first 1,501 fans age 18 or older received "Tweeting Wiener Boxer Shorts", depicting a blue bird taking a picture of a hot dog, or "wiener". The bird was deliberately drawn to resemble the logo of Twitter, the social media site that Weiner used to send links to indecent photos.[14]
The Saints announced a giveaway for their May 23, 2009 game against the Sioux Falls Pheasants of 2,500 bobblehead dolls dressed as the Sesame Street character Count von Count, supposedly celebrating the 40th anniversary of the series. The Saints' version of this doll, however, had the face of Al Franken on one side and Norm Coleman on the other and was named "Count von Re-Count"—referring to the prolonged recount in the 2008 U.S. Senate election between the two men. The Saints made further jabs at the race:[15]
The ceremonial first pitch was thrown by Dean Barkley, who ran in that election as a third-party candidate.
Fans were asked during the game to spin the heads of their dolls to either Coleman or Franken. Attorneys were present to count the "votes" from this process, poking fun at the extensive involvement of attorneys in the recount process. The team's official web site stated that fans could challenge the "results" at the team's Fan Services booth during the game.
The team also facetiously stated on its site that it would not make the results of that night's game official until mid-June—around the time that the entire Minnesota Supreme Court was scheduled to rule on Coleman's appeal of a panel ruling that Franken had won. (The Court issued its ruling in Franken's favor on June 30, with Coleman then conceding.)
In May, 2008, the Saints announced the giveaway of 2,500 bobble foot dolls, ostensibly to celebrate National Tap Dance Day. The dolls, which feature two feet visible beneath the door of a bathroom stall, have been covered in the national news for their reference to Senator Larry Craig, notorious for soliciting sex in a Minneapolis–Saint Paul Airport restroom in August 2007.[16]
In August, 2007, the Saints announced that rubber dog toys would be given out as a jab to the federal dogfighting case involving Atlanta Falcons quarterback Michael Vick.[17]
In April 2006, the Saints announced that rubber boats would be given out during a May 27, 2006 game, ostensibly to honor the 30th anniversary of the television show The Love Boat. However, details of the promotion indicate that it was intended as a jab at the 2005 boat scandal involving the Minnesota Vikings, where several members of the team were allegedly involved in illicit behavior on a private cruise. The promotional rubber boats used the same color as the Vikings uniforms (purple and yellow) and were named Minnetonka Queen (a reference to Lake Minnetonka, where the cruise took place).[6]
In August 2004, the Saints held a Bobblehead Election to tap into the campaign buzz around the election year. Fans were told to select either a John Kerry or George Bush bobblehead as their "vote." The stunt was capped off with a speech by the winning bobblehead. A real donkey and a donkey dressed like an elephant (the Saints were unable to obtain a real elephant) added to the atmosphere.[18]
In August 2003, the Saints held "Randy Moss Hood Ornament Night", poking fun at Randy Moss, then a wide receiver for the Vikings. Earlier that year, Moss was involved in an incident where he bumped a traffic control officer with his car while he attempted to make a turn.[6]
During the 2002 Major League Baseball labor negotiations, the Saints gave away seat cushions with pictures of commissioner Bud Selig on one side and player's association Executive Director Donald Fehr on the other.[6]
In 2002, in response to Selig's controversial decision to end the MLB All-Star Game in a 7-7 tie, the Saints gave out neckties (or "ties") with Bud Selig's image.[6]
In the 1996 film Space Jam, Bill Murray is wearing a Saints cap during The Ultimate Game.[citation needed]
Fast facts[edit]
Founded: 1993 (Northern League inaugural team)
Home ballpark: CHS Field, starting with the 2015 season.
Cap logo design: StP script similar to the St. Paul Colored Gophers
Uniform colors: Home: Cream with blue "Saints" on front with name(black) and #(blue)on back, Away: Grey with blue "ST. PAUL" on front, Alternate/Sunday: Blue jersey with cream "StP" logo on players lower left shoulder and cream number on back.
Uniform design: Saints in script ('93-'02 was similar to original American Association version)
Northern League Champions: 1993, 1995, 1996, 2004
Division champions (AA North): 2006, 2015
Current mascot: Alternative Fats
Promotions manager: Sierra Bailey
Ballpark organist: Andrew Crowley
Head groundskeeper: Nick Baker
Current radio station: 1220 AM KLBB, Stillwater, Minnesota
Current ball pig: Alternative Fats[19]
Season-by-season record[edit]
St. Paul Saints (2010–2014) [1]
Season
W–L Record
Percentage
Finish
Playoffs
2010 45–51 .469 5th, North Division Did not qualify
2011 56–44 .560 2nd, North Division Lost to Grand Prairie in finals 3–2
2012 52–48 .520 3rd, North Division Did not qualify
2013 47–53 .470 3rd, North Division Did not qualify
2014 48–52 .480 2nd, North Division Did not qualify
2015 74–26 .740 1st, North Division Lost to Sioux City in first round, 3–1
2016 61–39 .610 1st, North Division Lost to Winnipeg Goldeyes in first round, 3–2
Totals
396–300
.539
-
11–8
Playoffs[edit]
1993 season: Defeated Rochester 3-1 to win championship.
1995 season: Defeated Winnipeg 3-1 to win championship.
1996 season: Defeated Madison in semifinals; defeated Fargo-Moorhead 3-0 to win championship.
1997 season: Lost to Duluth–Superior 3-2 in semifinals.
1998 season: Defeated Thunder Bay 3-2 in semifinals; lost to Fargo-Moorhead 3-0 in championship.
2000 season: Lost to Duluth–Superior 3-1 in quarterfinals.
2003 season: Lost to Winnipeg 3-2 in semifinals.
2004 season: Defeated Fargo-Moorhead 3-1 in semifinals; defeated Schaumburg 3-2 to win championship.
2005 season: Lost to Gary 3-2 in semifinals.
2006 season: Defeated Lincoln 3-1 in semifinals; lost to Fort Worth 3-2 in championship.
2007 season: Defeated Lincoln 3-0 in semifinals; lost to Fort Worth 3-2 in championship.
2011 season: Defeated Winnipeg 3-2 in semifinals; lost to Grand Prairie 3-2 in championship.
2015 season: Lost to Sioux City 3-1 in semifinals.
2016 season: Lost to Winnipeg 3-2 in semifinals.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Lowertown ballpark FAQs". Retrieved August 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Havens, Chris (June 26, 2009) "Wish list: New home for Saints" Star Tribune. Retrieved on June 27, 2009
Jump up ^ Orrick, Dave (June 25, 2009) "Now batting for the Saints: Bill Murray" Saint Paul Pioneer Press. Retrieved on June 27, 2009
Jump up ^ Kimball, Joe (June 25, 2009) "Bill Murray shows his stripes; pushes stadium, skips mayor" MinnPost.com Retrieved on June 27, 2009
Jump up ^ McClure, Jane (July 1, 2009) "City Unveils 2010 bonding requests" Villager
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Rovell, Darren (April 17, 2006). "Another last laugh for the St. Paul Saints". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2006-04-18.
Jump up ^ "Saint Paul Saints hold world's largest pillow fight". Burlington Free Press. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "St. Paul Saints Baseball, Fun, & Pillows". Twins Daily. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Townsend, Mark (April 27, 2013). "St. Paul Saints to replace umpires with judge and jury during May 11 exhibition game". Big League Stew. Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gryboski, Michael. "Minn. Baseball Team Changes Name From Saints to 'Aints' for Atheist Event". Christian Post. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Jayne, Eric (29 July 2013). "Atheists and the 'Aints' — seeking to dispel preconceived notions about our (non)beliefs". MinnPost. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Block, Melissa (8 August 2013). "Minn. Minor League Baseball Team Goes Atheist For One Night". NPR. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Bob (4 August 2014). "St. Paul's atheists are coming out of the closet". Pioneer Press. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Chin, Richard (June 17, 2011). "St. Paul Saints go ahead with 'Tweeting Wiener Boxer Shorts' giveaway despite congressman's resignation". St. Paul Pioneer Press. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Saints' gimmick jabs at Senate race". ESPN.com. Associated Press. 2009-05-23. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
Jump up ^ "Minn. team's promotional giveaway features 'bobble foot' in toilet stall". USA Today. 2008-05-22. Retrieved 2008-05-26.
Jump up ^ "Saints Continue to Slide at Home Lose 7-3". 2007-08-20. Retrieved 2008-01-10.
Jump up ^ http://www.bobble--heads.com/bobbleheads/bobbleheads-election.html
Jump up ^ "Saints Ponder Getting Rid of Swine, Instead Unveil "Alternative Fats" As New Ball Pig For 2017". 2017-05-17. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
External links[edit]
Official Site
nlfan.com Saints Guide (Northern League '93-'05)
aabfan.com Saints Guide (American Association '06-)
[2]
League references[edit]
aabfan.com – yearly league standings & awards (American Association)
nlfan.com – yearly league standings & awards (Northern League)
[show]Achievements
Preceded by
First Northern League Champions
St. Paul Saints
1993 Succeeded by
Winnipeg Goldeyes
1994
Preceded by
Winnipeg Goldeyes
1994 Northern League Champions
St. Paul Saints
1995 – 1996 Succeeded by
Duluth–Superior Dukes
1997
Preceded by
Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
2003 Northern League Champions
St. Paul Saints
2004 Succeeded by
Gary SouthShore RailCats
2005
[show]
v
t
e
American Association of Independent Professional Baseball
North Division
Chicago Dogs
Fargo-Moorhead RedHawks
Gary SouthShore RailCats
St. Paul Saints
Sioux Falls Canaries
Winnipeg Goldeyes
South Division
Cleburne Railroaders
Kansas City T-Bones
Lincoln Saltdogs
Sioux City Explorers
Texas AirHogs
Wichita Wingnuts
Annual events
All-Star Game
Championship
[show]
v
t
e
Goldklang Group
Charleston RiverDogs
Hudson Valley Renegades
Pittsfield Suns
St. Paul Saints
[show]
v
t
e
Sports teams based in Minnesota
Baseball
MLB
Minnesota Twins
AA
St. Paul Saints
NwL
Duluth Huskies
Mankato MoonDogs
Rochester Honkers
St. Cloud Rox
Willmar Stingers
Basketball
NBA
Minnesota Timberwolves
WNBA
Minnesota Lynx
MBL
Minnesota Broncos
Minnesota Rangers
Football
NFL
Minnesota Vikings
WFA
Minnesota Machine
IWFL
Minnesota Vixen
Hockey
NHL
Minnesota Wild
NAHL
Austin Bruins
Minnesota Magicians
Minnesota Wilderness
SIJHL
Minnesota Iron Rangers
Thief River Falls Norskies
Independent
Minnesota Whitecaps
Roller derby
WFTDA
Babe City Rollers
Harbor City Roller Dames
Med City Mafia
Minnesota RollerGirls
North Star Roller Derby
MRDA
Minnesota Men's Roller Derby
Independent
Mankato Area Derby Girls
SCAR Dolls
Soccer
MLS
Minnesota United FC
NPSL
Duluth FC
Med City FC
Minneapolis City SC
Minnesota Twin Stars
VSLT FC
PLA
Minnesota United Reserves
WPSL
Minnesota Twin Stars
Ultimate
AUDL
Minnesota Wind Chill
College athletics
NCAA Division I
Bemidji State University
Minnesota State University, Mankato
St. Cloud State University
University of Minnesota
University of Minnesota Duluth
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Paul_Saints&oldid=828085693"
Categories:
American Association of Independent Professional Baseball teams
Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010) teams
Professional baseball teams in Minnesota
Sports in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Hidden categories:
Pages using deprecated image syntax
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Français
日本語
Edit links
This page was last edited on 28 February 2018, at 13:48.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/St._Paul_Saints_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
St. Paul Saints (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 125%; background-color: #dcdcdc

attrs: scope style

value: tbody

value: table

values: background-color:#0150A3; color:white; border:1px solid #000000; text-align:center;

values: background-color:white; color:black; border:1px solid #000000; text-align:center;

values:
/wiki/Goldklang_Group
mw-redirect
Goldklang Group

values:
nofollow
external text
http://saintsbaseball.com

values: width:22em;width: 27em; line-height: 1.5em

values:
/wiki/Minor-league_baseball
mw-redirect
Minor-league baseball

values:
/wiki/Western_League_(original)
mw-redirect
Western League (original)

values:
/wiki/Sioux_Falls_Fighting_Pheasants
mw-redirect
Sioux Falls Fighting Pheasants

values:
/wiki/Green_Line_(Minnesota)
mw-redirect
Green Line (Minnesota)

values: Edit section: St. Paul Saints (1894–1899)

values:
/wiki/St._Louis_Browns_(NL)
mw-redirect
St. Louis Browns (NL)

values: Edit section: St. Paul Saints (1901–1960)

values:
/wiki/Little_World_Series
mw-redirect
Little World Series

values:
/wiki/Brooklyn_Dodgers
mw-redirect
Brooklyn Dodgers

values: position:absolute; right:0; top:0; margin:0 5px;

values: text-align:center; position:relative; white-space:nowrap; color:#ffffff;

values: background-color: #0150A3; color: #ffffff; text-align: center;

values: font-family: courier new, courier, monospace

values:
/wiki/Florida_Marlins
mw-redirect
Florida Marlins

values:
/wiki/Negro_League
mw-redirect
Negro League

values:
/wiki/Gary_SouthShore_Railcats
mw-redirect
Gary SouthShore Railcats

values: United States Senate election in Minnesota, 2008

values: Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport

values: Bad Newz Kennels dog fighting investigation

values: Major League Baseball Players Association

values: 2002 Major League Baseball All-Star Game

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
nofollow
external text
https://twitter.com/Sierra_Bailey

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.klbbradio.com

values:
/wiki/Rochester_Aces
mw-redirect
Rochester Aces

values:
/wiki/Grand_Prairie_AirHogs
mw-redirect
Grand Prairie AirHogs

values:
nofollow
http://lowertownballpark.com/faq/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.twincities.com/ci_12683982

values:
/wiki/Saint_Paul_Pioneer_Press
mw-redirect
Saint Paul Pioneer Press

values:
/wiki/Yahoo!_Sports
mw-redirect
Yahoo! Sports

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.twincities.com/ci_18287578

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.saintsbaseball.com

values:
nofollow
http://www.nlfan.com/stpaul/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.aabfan.com/stpaul/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.aabfan.com/league/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.nlfan.com/league/
external text

values: wikitable succession-box collapsible autocollapse

values: margin: 0 auto 0 auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: St. Cloud Rox (collegiate summer baseball)

values:
navbox-image
8
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Superior International Junior Hockey League

values: List of college athletic programs in Minnesota

values: Category:American Association of Independent Professional Baseball teams

values: Category:Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010) teams

values: Category:Professional baseball teams in Minnesota

values: Category:Sports in Saint Paul, Minnesota

values: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/St._Paul_Saints
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: セントポール・セインツ – Japanese

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-St_Paul_Saints rootpage-St_Paul_Saints skin-vector action-view