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Bell (surname)
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Bell is a surname common in English speaking countries with several word-origins.
The surname is derived from the Middle English bell. This surname likely originated as an occupational name for a bell ringer or bell maker; or else from a topographic name for someone who lived by an actual bell, or by a house sign or inn sign. In other cases, the surname Bell is derived from the mediaeval personal name Bel. The masculine form of this personal name is derived from the Old French beu, bel ("handsome"); the feminine form of the name represents a short form of Isobel. In some cases, the surname originates from a nickname, or descriptive name, derived from the Old French bel ("beautiful", "fair").[1][2] In other cases, the surname Bell represents an English form of the Gaelic surname Mac Giolla Mhaoil ("son of the servant of the devotee").[3][note 1] In some cases, the surname is derived from placenames in Norway (Bell) and Germany (Bell in Rhineland; and possibly Belle, in Westphalia). The surname Bell is also sometimes an Anglicized form of the German Böhl or Böll.[3]
Early attested forms of the surname when of a patronymic origin include: Ailuuardus "filius Belli", in 1086; Ricardus "filius Bell", in 1279; and Osbertus "filius Belle", in 1297. Early attested forms of the surname, when originating from an occupational name include: Seaman "Belle", in 1181–1187; and Serlo "Belle", in 1190. An early attested form of the surname when originating from someone who lived near a sign of a bell is: John "atte Belle", in 1332. Early attested forms of the surname when originating from nickname include: Hugo "bel" in 1148; and Robertus "bellus", and Robert "le bel", both in 1186–1200.[1] Today the surname Bell can be found in many parts of the world. It is the 67th most popular surname in the United States and the 36th most common surname in Scotland.[4]
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A[edit]
Aaron Bell (1922–2003), American jazz double-bassist
Acton Bell, pseudonym of Anne Brontë
Adino Nye Bell (1866–1956), American politician
Adrian Bell (1901–1980), British farmer-writer, father of Martin Bell
Al Bell (born 1940), American record producer, songwriter, and record executive
Alden John Bell (1904–1982), Roman Catholic bishop
Alexander Graham Bell (1847–1922), Scottish-Canadian-American inventor, teacher, engineer, and scientist, son of Alexander Melville Bell
Alexander Melville Bell (1819–1905), Scottish-American philologist, researcher and teacher, father of Alexander Graham Bell
Allan Bell (born 1947), Manx politician and the current Chief Minister of the Isle of Man
Allan Bell (sociolinguist) (born 1947), New Zealand sociolinguist
Alphonzo E. Bell, Sr. (1875–1947), American oil millionaire
Alphonzo E. Bell, Jr. (1914–2004), American politician
Amanda Bell
Andrew Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Andrew Bell (artist) (born 1978), toy designer, founder of Dead Zebra, Inc
Andrew Bell (engraver) (1726–1809), Scottish co-founder of the Encyclopædia Britannica
Andrew Bell (educationalist) (1753–1832), Scottish pioneer of mutual instruction and author of the Madras System of Education
Andrew Bell (cricketer) (born 1982), English former cricketer
Andrew Bell (journalist) (fl. 1827–63), lecturer and journalist in Scotland
Andrew Bell (minister) (1803–1856), Presbyterian minister in Upper Canada
Andy Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Andy Bell (boxer) (born 1985), British professional boxer
Andy Bell (footballer, born 1956), English footballer
Andy Bell (footballer, born 1984), English footballer
Andy Bell (freestyle motocross rider) (born 1975), former freestyle motocross rider
Andy Bell (journalist) (born 1963), British journalist
Andy Bell (musician) (born 1970), formerly of Ride, Hurricane #1 and Oasis
Andy Bell (psychologist) (born 1953), psychologist
Andy Bell (singer) (born 1964), singer with synth pop band Erasure
Angellica Bell (born 1976), English television and radio presenter
Anthony Bell (born 1964), retired American football linebacker that played at Michigan State University and for the St. Louis Cardinals of the NFL
Archie Bell (born 1944), American musician
Arthur Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Arthur Bell (martyr) (1590–1643), Franciscan and English martyr
Arthur Bell (cricketer) (1869–1946), New Zealand cricketer
Arthur Bell (engineer) (1856–1943), engineer active in New Zealand and Western Australia
Arthur Bell (footballer) (1882–1923), former Burnley footballer
Arthur Hornbui Bell (1891–1973), Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan in New Jersey
Arthur Bell (rower) (1899–1963), Canadian Olympic rower
Arthur Bell (journalist) (1939–1984), columnist for the Village Voice and LGBT rights activist
Art Bell (1945–2018), American broadcaster and author
Arthur Kinmond Bell (1868–1942), Scottish philanthropist
B[edit]
Beau Bell (1907–1977), American baseball player
Benny Bell (1906–1999), American songwriter
Bert Bell (1895–1959), American football commissioner
Billy Bell (disambiguation), multiple people
Bob Bell (disambiguation), multiple people
Bobby Bell (1940), former American footballer
Bradley Bell (born 1964), American television writer and producer
Brenda Bell (1891 - 1979), pioneer amateur radio operator from New Zealand
Brian Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Brian Bell (born 1968), American musician
Brian Bell (American football) (born 1984), American football fullback
Brian Bell (businessman) (1928–2010), Australian-born businessman in Papua New Guinea
Brian Douglas Bell (1930–2016), New Zealand ornithologist
Brian Murray (actor) (born 1937), South African actor born Brian Bell
Buddy Bell (born 1951), former American baseball player
Burton C. Bell (born 1969), American rock singer
C[edit]
Cammy Bell (born 1986), Scottish international football goalkeeper
Carey Bell (1936-2007), American musician
Catherine Bell (born 1968), British-American actress
Catherine J. Bell (born 1954), Canadian politician
Charles Bell (1774–1842), Scottish surgeon
Charles Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Charles Bell (surveyor) (1813–1882), Scottish surveyor, general, artist, and designer
Charles Bell (painter), (1935–1995) was an American Photorealist who created large scale still lifes.
Charles H. Bell (politician) (1823–1893), American politician
Charles H. Bell (naval officer) (1798–1875), United States naval officer
Charlie Bell (baseball) (1868–1937), Major League Baseball pitcher
Charlie Bell (businessman) (c. 1960 – 2005), Australian businessman
Charlie Bell (basketball) (born 1979), United States basketball player
Chichester A. Bell, American sound engineer
Chris Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Chris Bell (musician) (1951–1978), American musician
Chris Bell (politician) (born 1959), American politician
Chris Bell (rugby union), English rugby union player
Clive Bell (1881–1964), British art critic and philosopher
Coby Bell (born 1975), American actor and producer
Colin Bell (born 1946), English soccer player
Cool Papa Bell, American baseball player
Currer Bell, pseudonym of Charlotte Brontë
D[edit]
Daniel Bell (1919–2011), American sociologist
David Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
David Bell (baseball) (born 1972), American baseball player
David Bell (basketball) (born 1981), American basketball player
David Bell (television) (1936–1990), Scottish TV producer and director
David Bell (field hockey player), Australian field hockey player
David Bell (footballer, born 1984) (born 1984), English-born Irish footballer
David Bell (footballer, born 1985) (born 1985), Irish footballer
David Bell (VC), Irish soldier
David Robert Bell (born 1959), Vice-Chancellor of the University of Reading, previously civil servant
Dean Bell (born 1962), New Zealand former rugby league footballer and coach
Demetress Bell (born 1984), American football offensive tackle
Dennis Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Dennis Bell (Medal of Honor recipient) (1866–1953), Buffalo Soldier of the Spanish–American War
Dennis Bell (basketball) (born 1951), American basketball player
Derek Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Derek Bell (musician) (1935–2002), harpist
Derek Bell (auto racer) (born 1941), British racing driver
Derek Bell (baseball player) (born 1968), American baseball player
Derrick Bell, American law professor
Dillon Bell (1822–1898), New Zealand politician
Don Bell, Canadian politician
Don Bell (radio broadcaster) American radio broadcaster
Doug Bell (born 1961), American computer game developer
Drake Bell, American actor and guitarist
Drew Tyler Bell, American actor and performer
Duncan Bell, English rugby union player
Duncan Bell (actor), Scottish actor
E[edit]
Earl Bell (born 1955), American pole vaulter
Edward Bell (disambiguation), multiple people
Edmond Bell, English MP
Eileen Bell (born 1943), Northern Ireland politician
Elizabeth Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Elizabeth Bell (doctor) (1869–1934), Ireland's first woman doctor
Elizabeth Viola Bell (1897–1990), New Zealand community leader
Elizabeth Bell (actress) (1941–2012), British actress who played stage and screen
Elizabeth Bell (composer) (born 1928), founder of the New York Women Composers, Inc.
Ellis Bell, pseudonym of Emily Brontë
Emily Bell (born 1965), British journalist
Emma Bell (born 1986), American actress
Eric Temple Bell (1883–1960), American mathematician
F[edit]
Francis Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Francis Bell (actor) (1944–1994), UK-born New Zealand actor
Francis Bell (New Zealand politician) (1851–1936), Prime Minister of New Zealand
Francis Bell (engineer) (1813–1879), British railway engineer
Francis Campbell Bell (1892–1968), politician in Manitoba, Canada
Frank Bell (baseball) (1863–1891), Major League Baseball player
Frederick William Bell (1875–1954), Australian soldier
G[edit]
Gary Bell (born 1936), American former Major League Baseball pitcher
Gary Bell, former footballer
Geoff Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Geoff Bell (rugby league), Australian rugby league footballer
Geoff Bell (actor) (born 1963), British actor
Geoffrey Bell (born 1939), economist, banker
Geoffrey Bell (cricketer) (1896–1984), English cricketer and educationalist
George Bell (disambiguation), one of several people including
George Bell (Australian politician) (1872–1944), Australian politician
George Bell (pitcher) (1874–1941), American baseball player
George Bell (painter) (1878–1966), Australian painter
George Bell (bishop) (1883–1958), Anglican bishop of Chichester
George Irving Bell (1926–2000), American physicist and mountain climber
George Bell (outfielder) (born 1959), Dominican baseball player
Gertrude Bell (1868–1926), British archaeologist, writer & spy
Glen Bell, American founder of Taco Bell
Gordon Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Gordon Bell (born 1934), computer engineer
Gordon Bell (artist), British comic strip artist
Gordon Bell (QNX), Canadian computer scientist
Gordon Bell (ice hockey), ice hockey player
Graeme Bell (born 1914), Australian pianist, composer and band leader
Graham Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Graham Bell (advocate), Scottish advocate
Graham E. Bell, astronomer
Graham J. Bell, former English FA accredited referee and radio personality
Graham Bell (artist) (1910–1943), painter
Graham Bell (biologist) (born 1949), English academic, writer and evolutionary biologist
Graham Bell (footballer) (born 1955), English former footballer
Graham Bell (singer) (1948–2008), English pop and rock singer
Graham Bell (skier) (born 1966), former Olympic skier
Grant Bell, Australian rugby league coach
Griffin Bell (born 1918), American politician
Gus Bell (1928–1995), American Baseball player
H[edit]
Harriet Bell (1923 - 1995), American advocate for disability rights.
Heath Bell (born 1977), American baseball player
Helen Bell, English folk musician
Henri Lobe Bell, Duala ruler in Cameroon
Henry Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Henry Bell (engineer) (1767–1830), Scottish engineer
Henry Glassford Bell (1803–1874), Scottish lawyer, poet and historian
Henry H. Bell (1808–1868), American sailor
Henry Lawrie Bell (1929–1984), Australian ornithologist
Hi Bell (1897–1949), former professional baseball player
Hilari Bell (born 1958), American fantasy writer
Hilary Bell (swimmer) (born 1991), swimmer from Canada
Hilary Bell (writer) (born 1966), Australian writer
Hilary Bell (television producer) (1965–2010), reality television pioneer
Hunter Bell, American book author
I[edit]
Ian Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Ian Bell (journalist) (1956–2015), Scottish journalist and writer
Ian Bell (literaturist) (born 1947), professor of American literature at Keele University
Ian Bell (musician) (born 1954), Canadian musician
Ian Bell (programmer) (born 1962), British computer programmer
Isaac Lowthian Bell, British industrialist
J[edit]
Jack Bell (also known as John Bell), scored for Everton F.C. in the 1897 FA Cup final
Jacob Bell (disambiguation), multiple people
James Franklin Bell, American general
James Spencer-Bell (1818–1872), British politician
Jamie Bell (born 1986), British actor
Jane Bell (1910–1998), Canadian track and field athlete who competed mainly in the 100 metres
Jay Bell (born 1965), American baseball player
Jeff Bell (1943–2018), American political consultant and politician
Jocelyn Bell Burnell (born 1943), British astronomer
Joel Bell (born 1985), professional Canadian football player
Johann Adam Schall von Bell, German Jesuit missionary
John Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
John Bell (Bishop of Worcester) (died 1556), English clergyman
John Bell (New Hampshire) (1765–1836), American politician - New Hampshire
John Bell (Tennessee politician) (1797–1869), American politician - Tennessee
John Bell (explorer) (1799–1868), Canadian explorer and governor
John Bell (Australian actor), Australian Shakespearean actor
John Joy Bell (1871–1934), Scottish author
John L. Bell, Scottish religious figure
John Lane Bell, Canadian philosopher and mathematician
John Stewart Bell (1928–1990), Irish physicist
John Thomas Bell (1878–1965), British businessman, founder of Bellway
John Bell (surgeon) (1763–1820), brother of Charles Bell (anatomist)
John Bell (British Army officer), Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey 1848–1854
John William Bell (1838–1901), Canadian political figure
John Bell (Kent cricketer) (1718–1774)
John Bell (musician), American guitarist and singer
John Bell (farmer) from The Bell Witch legend
John Graham Bell (1812–1899), American taxidermist
John Howatt Bell (1846–1929), Prince Edward Island politician
John Irving Bell (born 1952), British–Canadian biologist
Joique Bell (born 1986), American football player
Jonathan Bell (rugby player), rugby union player
Joseph-Antoine Bell (born 1954), former Cameroonian international football goalkeeper
Joseph Bell (1837–1911), Scottish physician, pioneer of forensic diagnostics, and inspiration for Sherlock Holmes
Joshua Bell (born 1967), American musician
Joshua Peter Bell (1827–1881), Queensland Parliamentarian
Julia Bell (1879–1979), British geneticist
Julian Bell (1908–1937), English poet
Julie Bell (born 1958), American painter
Justin Bell (born 1968), British racecar driver. He is the son of Derek Bell
K[edit]
Kahlil Bell (born 1986), American football player
Kathleen Bell, American physician and professor
Katie Bell, Harry Potter character
Kay Bell (1914–1994), American football player and professional wrestler
Keith Bell (rugby league), rugby league footballer of the 1950s for New Zealand, Auckland, and Ponsonby
Keith Bell (rugby league, born 1953), English rugby league footballer of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s
Keith Bell (rugby union) (born 1948), former rugby union player who represented Australia
Kendrell Bell (born 1980), American football linebacker
Kenneth B. Bell, American judge
Kerwin Bell (born 1965), former American college and professional football player
Kristen Bell (born 1980), American actress
Kristine Bell, American engineer
L[edit]
Lake Bell (born 1979), American actress
Larry Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Larry Bell (artist) (born 1939), contemporary artist based in Los Angeles, California and Taos, New Mexico
Larry M. Bell, Democratic member of the North Carolina General Assembly
Larry Gene Bell (1949–1996), double murderer in Lexington County, South Carolina
Laura Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Laura Bell (courtesan), courtesan of Victorian England
Laura Anning Bell (1867–1950), British artist
Laura Bell (author) (21st century), American author
Laura Bell Bundy (born 1981), American actress
Laura Joyce Bell (1854–1904), English-American actress
Lauralee Bell (born 1968), actress
Lee Phillip Bell, former talk show host and soap opera creator
Les Bell (1901–1985), professional baseball player
Le'Veon Bell (born 1992), American football player
M[edit]
Madeline Bell (born 1942), American soul singer
Madison Smartt Bell (born 1957), American author
Maggie Bell (born 1945), British singer
Malcolm Bell (born 1969), English cricketer
Malcolm Bell (entrepreneur) (born 1981), British businessman
Manga Ndumbe Bell (1838–1898), Duala ruler in Cameroon
Marc Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Marc Bell (cartoonist) (born 1971), Canadian cartoonist
Marc Bell (drummer) (born 1956), American drummer for The Ramones and The Voidoids
Marc Bell (entrepreneur), American managing partner of Marc Bell Capital
Maria Arena Bell (born 1963), American novelist, television and freelance writer
Marie Bell (1900–1985), French tragedian, comic actor and stage director
Marilyn Bell (born 1937), swimmer
Mark Bell (disambiguation), multiple people
Marshall Bell (born 1942), American actor
Martin Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Martin Bell (born 1938), British journalist and broadcaster
Martin Bell (skier) (born 1964), British skier
Martin Bell (poet) (1918–1978), British poet
Martyn Bell (born 1964), British racing driver
Marvin Bell (born 1937), American poet
Mary Bell (born 1957), British child killer
Matthew Bell (disambiguation), multiple people
Matty Bell (1899–1983), American football player and coach
Melissa Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Melissa Bell (singer) (1964–2017), British singer
Melissa Bell (actress) (born 1972), Australian soap opera actress
Mervyn Bell, British football manager
Michael Bell (disambiguation), multiple people
Montgomery Bell (1769–1855), Tennessee manufacturing entrepreneur
Morley Bell (1894–1976), Canadian lawyer and politician
N[edit]
Ndumbe Lobe Bell, Duala ruler in Cameroon
Neil Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Neil Bell (actor) (born 1970), British actor
Neil Bell (Australian politician) (born 1947), Northern Territory politician
Neil Bell, pseudonym of Stephen Southwold (1887–1964), British writer
Nicholas Bell, Australian based British actor
Noreen Bell, fictional character from Emmerdale
O[edit]
O'Neil Bell (1974–2015), Jamaican professional boxer
P[edit]
Pat Bell, Canadian politician
Pedro Bell, American artist and illustrator
Peter Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Peter Hansbrough Bell (1849–1853), American politician
Peter F. Bell born 1976, former Australian rules footballer
Peter R. Bell, born 1954, former Australian rules footballer
Philip W. Bell (1924–1990), American accounting scholar
Q[edit]
Quentin Bell (1910–1996), English art historian and author
R[edit]
Raja Bell (born 1976), American basketball player
Regla Bell (born 1970), Cuban volleyball player
Richard Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Richard Bell (director), Canadian writer and director
Richard Bell (British politician) (1859–1930) one of the first two British Labour Members of Parliament
Richard Bell (bishop), Bishop of Carlisle from 1477 to 1495
Richard Bell (Canadian musician), member of The Band
Ricky Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Ricky Bell (singer) (born 1967), American singer
Ricky Bell (running back), National Football League running back
Ricky Bell (cornerback), National Football League cornerback
Robert Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Robert Bell (speaker) (died 1577), British judge & politician
Robert D. Bell (b. 1967), American jurist, currently a judge on the Oklahoma Court of Civil Appeals
Robert E. Bell, American archaeologist
Robert M. Bell (born 1943), American jurist
Robert "Kool" Bell (born 1950), American singer, songwriter and bassist
Robert Bell (writer)
Ronald Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Ronald Bell (cricketer) (1931–1989), Middlesex and Sussex cricketer
Ronald Bell (politician) (1914–1982), Conservative Member of Parliament 1945 and 1950–1982
Ronald Bell (musician) (born 1951), member of Kool & the Gang
Ronald D. Bell, Justice of the Tax Court of Canada
Ronnie Bell British chemist at Oxford University
Ross Bell (born 1929), American entomologist
Roy Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Roy Bell (Canadian football) (born 1949), Canadian footballer
Roy Bell (ornithologist) (1882–1966), New Zealand and Australian ornithologist
Roy Bell (rugby league) (born 1984), Australian rugby league player
Rudolf Duala Manga Bell (1873–1914), Duala ruler in Cameroon
Ryan Bell (disambiguation), multiple people.
Ryan J. Bell (Born 1971), Fomer Seventh-day Adventist Pastor who is now an Atheist activist.
S[edit]
Sam Bell (1909–1982), English professional footballer
Samuel Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Samuel Bell (1770–1850), American jurist & politician - New Hampshire
Samuel Bell (fl. 1850s), American politician - California
Samuel Dana Bell (1798–1868), American jurist - New Hampshire
Samuel H. Bell (1925–2010), American jurist - Ohio
Samuel Newell Bell (1829–1889), American politician - New Hampshire
Sandy Bell (1906–1985), South African Test cricketer
Sean Bell (1984–2006), African American shot by New York City police
Shannon Bell (born 1955), Canadian philosopher and feminist
Simon Bell (singer) (born 1949, Glasgow)
Stephen Bell (1965–2001), English footballer
Steve Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Steve Bell (anchorman) (born 1935), first anchor of the ABC News program World News This Morning, previously reporter for WOWT-TV
Steve Bell (cartoonist) (born 1951), English cartoonist
Steve Bell (musician) (born 1960), Canadian musician
Steve Bell (soccer) (born 1975), retired American soccer midfielder
Steven Bell (born 1976), Australian rugby league player
Stuart Bell (1938-2012), British Labour Party politician
Stuart R. Bell, American academic, President of the University of Alabama.
T[edit]
Tatum Bell (born 1981), American football running back
Terrell Bell, one of several people
Terry Bell, one of several people
Theo Bell (1953–2006), American football wide receiver
Thom Bell, Jamaican-American music producer
Thomas Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Thomas Bell (zoologist), English zoologist, surgeon, and writer
Thomas Cowan Bell, one of the seven founders of Sigma Chi Fraternity
Thomas M. Bell (Ohio politician)
Thomas Reid Davys Bell, Irish lepidopterist
Thornton F. Bell, American jurist
Tim Bell, British public relations and political adviser
Tobin Bell, American actor
Tom Bell (Australian footballer) (born 1991), Australian rules footballer
Townsend Bell (born 1975), motor racing driver. He is married to actress Heather Campbell
Trevor Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
Trevor Bell (artist) (1930–2017), English painter
Trevor Bell (baseball) (born 1986), American baseball pitcher
Troy Bell (born 1980), American professional basketball player
V[edit]
Vanessa Bell (1879–1961), British painter
Vereen Bell, American writer
Vernon Bell, founder of the British karate movement
Virginia Bell (actress), American model and actress
W[edit]
Wade Bell (born 1945), American middle distance runner
Wally Bell (1965–2013), American baseball umpire
W. Kamau Bell, American stand-up comic
W.D.M. Bell, Scottish born elephant hunter
Wayne Bell, bulletin board pioneer
William Bell (disambiguation), multiple people, including:
William Dwane Bell, New Zealander convicted for a triple murder
William E. Bell (author) (fl. 2000s), Canadian writer
William J. Bell (1927–2005), TV producer
William Nathaniel Bell (1817–1887), American settler
W.H. Bell (1873–1946), English born composer, later South African Professor of Music
Y[edit]
Yeremiah Bell (born 1978), American football safety for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League
See also[edit]
Bell (disambiguation)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The surname Bell, when found in Kintyre and Islay, is said to represent this Gaelic surname because a man bearing the Gaelic name married a woman of the English name. The explanation runs: since the woman held property, the man changed his surname to Bell, but was still known in Gaelic by his original name.[2]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Reaney, Percy Hilde (1995), Wilson, Richard Middlewood, ed., A Dictionary of English Surnames (3rd ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 37, ISBN 0-19-863146-4 .
^ Jump up to: a b Black, George Fraser (1946), The surnames of Scotland: their origin, meaning, and history, New York Public Library, p. 67 .
^ Jump up to: a b Oxford Dictionary of Family Names: Bell, Answers.com, retrieved 8 January 2013 . This webpage is a partial transcription of Dictionary of American Family Names, Oxford University Press, 2006 .
Jump up ^ "BELL - Surname Meaning – Origin for the Surname Bell Genealogy". Retrieved 5 July 2012.

Surname list
This page lists people with the surname Bell. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.
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Ignited Minds
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (November 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Ignited Minds
Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India (2002, ISBN 0-670-04928-X) is a book written by scientist-patriot Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam, who was the President of India from 2002 to 2007.[1][2] Ignited Minds is a logical step forward from Dr. Kalam's earlier book, India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium (1998, ISBN 0-670-88271-2). This book consists of many inspirational messages by A P J Abdul Kalam.
Dr. Kalam has dedicated Ignited Minds to an intermediate school child, named Snehal Thakkar, whom he met at a school ( named Anandalaya in Anand, Gujarat, Anandalaya Education Society ) and while talking to her students, a question had come up: "Who is our enemy?". Kalam recalled that many answers came up, but the answer on which all agreed came from her (Snehal Thakkar): "Our enemy is poverty". The small book of 205 pages contains dynamic and original ideas, examines attitudes afflicting the Indians, and present prescriptions for rapid growth of India to enable the country to emerge as a developed country. The scientist and the seer inside Kalam has addressed the book to young citizen(s) of India. This book has been the most wanted and demanded all over the world after the death of Abdul kalam
Contents
[hide]
1 Chapters
2 Synopsis
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Chapters[edit]
The book is organised into eleven chapters, dealing with various issues. These chapters are:
The Dreams and the Message
Give Us a Role Model
Visionary Teachers and Scientists
Learning from Saints and Seers
Patriotism beyond Politics and Religion
The Knowledge Society
Getting the Forces Together
Building a New State
To my Countrymen
Conclusion
Bibliography
Synopsis[edit]
The book begins with a sad note. On 30 September 2001, Kalam’s helicopter, while on its way from Ranchi, Jharkhand state, India to Bokaro crashed, but all aboard miraculously survived. He was administered that night a tranquilizer, and he recalls having seen a very vivid dream. He writes in the book that he saw himself in a desert “with miles of sand all around,’ and there stood five men, namely, Emperor Ashoka, Mahatma Gandhi, Albert Einstein, Abraham Lincoln and Caliph Omar. Kalam felt dwarfed by their presence, and recounts the words of these great personalities.
In this chapter Kalam has written "Dream, dream, dream, dreams transform into thoughts and thoughts result in action"
The next chapter emphasises the importance of mother, father and elementary school teachers as role models.
The third chapter tells that "Vision ignites the minds", and talks about the modern Indian visionaries like J. R. D. Tata, Vikram Sarabhai, Satish Dhawan and Dr. Verghese Kurien.
The next section of the book deals with the spiritual heritage of the Indian nation and talks about developing a model of development based on India's inherent strengths.
The fifth chapter of the book exhorts the Indians, constituting a nation of one billion people "with multitude faiths and ideologies" to develop a "national vision" and amalgamate into one "national forum."
The next chapter begins with a Thirukkural, which states:
"Wisdom is a weapon to ward off destruction;
It is an inner fortress which enemies cannot destroy".
This chapter reminds the readers that Ancient India was a "knowledge society that contributed a great deal to civilization."
The caption line of the seventh chapter is followed by the following inspiring words of Abraham Lincoln:
"Determine that things can and shall be done, and then we shall find the way."
The eighth chapter exhorts for a change in the mindset and to take pragmatic risks, which shall result in success.
The ninth and the last chapter, with the caption line of "To My Countrymen" begins with few words of the Nobel laureate, Rabindranath Tagore - "let my country awake."
The book ends with a "Song of Youth", with these opening words:
"As a young citizen of India,
armed with technology and love for my nation,
I realize, a small aim is a crime."
See also[edit]
India 2020
Youth inspired and started the forum Ignited Minds currently working in Delhi and spreading to other states soon. This group is very active in Facebook.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Nuclear Scientist, 70, a Folk Hero, Is Elected India's President". The New York Times. 19 July 2002. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Kalam, the finest President in India: Lord Paul". The Times of India. 3 January 2004. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
External links[edit]
Ignited Minds Book
[hide]
v
t
e
Works by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Ignited Minds
India 2020
Indomitable Spirit
Wings of Fire
Target 3 Billion
Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ignited_Minds&oldid=843261851"
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2002 books
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A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
21st-century Indian books
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text:
You've Made Me So Very Happy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"You've Made Me So Very Happy"
Single by Brenda Holloway
from the album Hurtin' & Cryin (canceled) & The Artistry of Brenda Holloway (non-US)
B-side
"I've Got to Find It"
Released
August 17, 1967
Format
7" single
Vinyl single
Recorded
1967
Studio
Nashville West Studios, Los Angeles
Genre
Soul
Length
2:54 (7" version)
2:52 ("16 Big Hits" stereo mix)
Label
Tamla
Songwriter(s)
Berry Gordy, Jr., Brenda Holloway, Patrice Holloway, Frank Wilson
Producer(s)
Frank Wilson, Berry Gordy, Jr.
Brenda Holloway singles chronology
"Just Look What You've Done"
(1967) "You've Made Me So Very Happy"
(1967) "Give Me a Little Inspiration"
(1988)
"Just Look What You've Done"
(1967) "You've Made Me So Very Happy"
(1967) "Give Me a Little Inspiration"
(1988)
"You've Made Me So Very Happy"
Single by Blood, Sweat & Tears
from the album Blood, Sweat & Tears
B-side
"Blues – Part II"
Released
1969
Format
7"
Recorded
1968
Genre
Jazz rock
Length
4:19 (LP)
3:26 (single)
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Berry Gordy Jr., Brenda Holloway, Patrice Holloway, Frank Wilson
Producer(s)
James William Guercio
Blood, Sweat & Tears singles chronology
"I Can't Quit Her"
(1968) "You've Made Me So Very Happy"
(1969) "Spinning Wheel"
(1969)
"I Can't Quit Her"
(1968) "You've Made Me So Very Happy"
(1969) "Spinning Wheel"
(1969)
"You've Made Me So Very Happy" is a song written by Brenda Holloway, Patrice Holloway, Frank Wilson and Berry Gordy, and was released first as a single in 1967 by Brenda Holloway on the Tamla label. The song was later a huge hit for jazz-rock band Blood, Sweat & Tears in 1969, and became a Gold record.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
1.1 Recording
1.2 Release and reaction
2 Chart history
2.1 Brenda Holloway version
2.2 Blood, Sweat & Tears version
3 Credits and personnel
3.1 Brenda Holloway version
3.2 Blood, Sweat & Tears version
4 References
5 External links
Overview[edit]
Recording[edit]
By 1967, Brenda Holloway had been recording for Motown Records since 1964 and had struggled with Berry Gordy over control of her music, alleging that Gordy had forced her to sing Mary Wells' "leftover tracks" after the Motown singer left the label in 1964. Some of the songs in question included modest hits such as "When I'm Gone" and "Operator". Holloway was planning to release her long-awaited second album, Hurtin' & Cryin, which had released "Just Look What You've Done" as the leading track, but for unknown reasons the record was shelved. Along with her sister Patrice, using music provided by Frank Wilson and with additional help from Gordy himself, Holloway co-wrote "You've Made Me So Very Happy". Coincidentally, Holloway recorded the song after a breakup with a boyfriend.
Release and reaction[edit]
Reaction to the song was stronger than Holloway's previous offerings, rising to number 39 on the Billboard Hot 100 and becoming Holloway's third Top-40 pop single.[1] The song peaked at number 40 on the Billboard R&B singles chart.[2] Shortly after the release of the song, Holloway left Motown and the song was eventually featured on the "second" Holloway album, The Artistry of Brenda Holloway. After two more years singing background for acts such as Joe Cocker, Holloway retired to marry a preacher and have a family. Holloway would eventually return to music full-time by the mid-1990s. Meanwhile, Holloway's song got a boost when the jazz-rock group Blood, Sweat & Tears covered it in 1969.[3] The song became one of the group's biggest hits, reaching number 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States in April 1969[4] and number 35 in the United Kingdom in May of that year.[5]
The song was also covered by fellow Motown acts such as Edwin Starr and Blinky on their 1969 duet album Just We Two, Chris Clark on her 1969 album CC Rides Again, The Temptations in 1970, The Miracles, also in 1970, and Diana Ross in 1994 on a Berry Gordy tribute album. Little-known Motown act The Hearts Of Stone also recorded a version for their 1970 album Stop The World - We Wanna Get On. Lou Rawls recorded the song and named his 18th album after it. Cher recorded the song in 1969 for her album 3614 Jackson Highway, but the track was left off the final track list. Bobbie Gentry included her rendition on her 1969 album Touch 'Em with Love as did Shirley Bassey on her 1976 album Love, Life and Feelings. It also been covered by pop musician Gloria Estefan; she included the song on her album Hold Me, Thrill Me, Kiss Me in 1994, which was a collection of covers that inspired her musical career. In 1977, Barry Williams performed the song on an episode of The Brady Bunch Variety Hour. In 2012, it was covered by Julian Ovenden on his debut album.
Chart history[edit]
Brenda Holloway version[edit]
Chart (1967)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 39
U.S. Billboard R&B Singles Chart 40
Blood, Sweat & Tears version[edit]
Chart (1969)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 2
US Billboard Adult Contemporary[6] 18
UK Singles Chart 35
Credits and personnel[edit]
Brenda Holloway version[edit]
Lead vocals by Brenda Holloway
Background vocals by assorted vocalists
Instrumentation by bass: Carol Kaye, other unknown Los Angeles musicians
Produced by Frank Wilson and Berry Gordy Jr.
Blood, Sweat & Tears version[edit]
Lead vocals by David Clayton-Thomas
Background vocals by Bobby Colomby, Dick Halligan, Steve Katz, and other assorted vocalists
Instrumentation by Blood, Sweat & Tears (including)
Fred Lipsius – alto saxophone, piano
Lew Soloff – trumpet, flugelhorn
Chuck Winfield – trumpet, flugelhorn
Jerry Hyman – trombone, recorder
Dick Halligan – organ, piano, flute, trombone
Steve Katz – guitar, harmonica
Jim Fielder – bass
Bobby Colomby – drums, percussion
Produced by James William Guercio
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 8th Edition (Billboard Publications), page 289.
Jump up ^ "Brenda Holloway Songs ••• Top Songs / Chart Singles Discography • Music VF, US & UK hits charts". Musicvf.com. Retrieved 2016-10-01.
Jump up ^ Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 25 - The Soul Reformation: Phase two, the Motown story. [Part 4] : UNT Digital Library" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 8th Edition (Billboard Publications), page 68
Jump up ^ UK Singles Chart info Chartstats.com. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1993). Top Adult Contemporary: 1961–1993. Record Research. p. 30.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
show
v
t
e
The Miracles
Smokey Robinson
Ronnie White
Pete Moore
Bobby Rogers
Claudette Robinson
Marv Tarplin
Billy Griffin
Donald Griffin
Carl Cotton
Mark Scott
Dave Finley
Sydney Justin
Alphonse Franklin
Tee Turner
Pre-Miracles: Emerson "Sonny" Rogers
James Grice
Clarence Dawson
Production
Berry Gordy
Smokey Robinson
Pete Moore
Studio albums
Hi... We're The Miracles (1961)
Cookin' with The Miracles (1961)
I'll Try Something New (1962)
The Fabulous Miracles (1963)
The Miracles Doin' Mickey's Monkey (1963)
I Like It Like That (1964)
Going to a Go-Go (1965)
Away We a Go-Go (1966)
Make It Happen (The Tears of a Clown) (1967)
Special Occasion (1968)
Time Out For Smokey Robinson & the Miracles (1969)
Four in Blue (1969)
What Love Has Joined Together (1970)
A Pocket Full Of Miracles (1970)
One Dozen Roses (1971)
Flying High Together (1972)
Renaissance (1973)
Do It Baby (1974)
City of Angels (1975)
Live albums
The Miracles Recorded Live on Stage (1963)
Smokey Robinson & The Miracles LIVE! (1969)
Smokey Robinson & The Miracles: 1957-1972 (1972)
Other albums
Christmas with The Miracles (1963)
Compilations
Greatest Hits: From the Beginning (1965)
Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (1968)
Anthology (1974)
Anthology '86 (1986)
Anthology: The Best of Smokey Robinson & The Miracles (1995)
The Ultimate Collection (1998)
Ooo Baby Baby: The Anthology (2002)
Depend On Me: The Early Albums (2009)
Singles
(US/UK Top Twenty singles)
"Shop Around"
"You've Really Got a Hold on Me"/"Happy Landing"
"Mickey's Monkey"
"Ooo Baby Baby"
"The Tracks of My Tears"
"My Girl Has Gone"
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List of burials in the Valley of the Kings
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The following is a list of burials in the Valley of the Kings, in Thebes (modern Luxor in Egypt) and nearby areas.
Egyptologists use the acronym KV (standing for Kings' Valley) to designate tombs located in the Valley of the Kings. The system was established by John Gardner Wilkinson in 1821. Wilkinson numbered the 21 tombs known to him (some of which had been open since antiquity) according to their location, starting at the entrance to the valley and then moving south and east. Tombs that have been discovered since then have been allocated a sequential KV number (those in the Western Valley are known by the WV equivalent) in the order of their discovery.[1]
KV1
KV2
KV3
KV4
KV5
KV6
KV7
KV8
KV9
KV10
KV11
KV12
KV13
KV14
KV15
KV16
KV17
KV18
KV19
KV20
KV21
WV22
WV23
WV24
WV25
KV26
KV28
KV29
KV30
KV31
KV32
KV34
KV35
KV36
KV37
KV38
KV39
KV40
KV41
KV42
KV43
KV44
KV45
KV46
KV47
KV48
KV54
KV55
KV56
KV57
KV58
KV59
KV61
KV62
KV63
A map of the Valley of the Kings with locations of tombs marked
Contents
[hide]
1 East Valley
2 West Valley
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
East Valley[edit]
Most of the open tombs in the Valley of the Kings are located in the East Valley, and this is where most tourists can be found.
Number
Name
Time Period
Comments
KV1 Ramesses VII 20th dynasty
KV2 Ramesses IV 20th dynasty
KV3 Unnamed son of Ramesses III 20th dynasty
KV4 Ramesses XI 20th dynasty
KV5 Sons of Ramesses II 19th dynasty With 120 known rooms and excavation work still underway, it is probably the largest tomb in the valley.
KV6 Ramesses IX 20th dynasty
KV7 Ramesses II 19th dynasty
KV8 Merenptah 19th dynasty
KV9 Ramesses V and Ramesses VI 20th dynasty Also known as the Tomb of Memnon or La Tombe de la Métempsychose.
KV10 Amenmesse 20th dynasty
KV11 Ramesses III 20th dynasty Also referred to as Bruce's Tomb, The Harper's Tomb.
KV12 Unknown 18th and 19th dynasty It was possibly used as a family tomb.
KV13 Bay. Later Amenherkhepshef and Mentuherkhepshef 19th and 20th dynasty
KV14 Twosret, later reused by Setnakhte 19th and 20th dynasty
KV15 Seti II 19th dynasty
KV16 Ramesses I 19th dynasty
KV17 Seti I 19th dynasty Also known as Belzoni's tomb, the tomb of Apis, or the tomb of Psammis, son of Necho.
KV18 Ramesses X 20th dynasty
KV19 Mentuherkhepshef 20th dynasty
KV20 Thutmose I and Hatshepsut 18th dynasty
KV21, KV26, KV27, KV28, KV29, KV31, KV33, KV37, KV44, KV59 Unknown New Kingdom The original owners of these tombs are unknown.
KV30 Unknown 20th dynasty Known as Lord Belmore's tomb.
KV32 Tia'a 18th dynasty
KV34 Thutmose III 18th dynasty
KV35 Amenhotep II 18th dynasty Over a dozen mummies, many of them royal, were relocated here (see list).
KV36 Maiherpri 18th dynasty A noble from the time of Hatshepsut
KV38 Thutmose I 18th dynasty Probably prepared for this king by Thutmose III.
KV39 Possibly the tomb of Amenhotep I 18th dynasty
KV40 Tomb of King's Daughters and Sons 18th dynasty Burials date to the time of Amenhotep III. Later intrusive burials from the 22nd Dynasty are also present.[2]
KV41 Unknown 18th dynasty The tomb may have been Queen Tetisheri?
KV42 Queen Hatshepsut-Meryetre 18th dynasty
KV43 Thutmose IV 18th dynasty
KV45 Userhet 18th dynasty Tomb of a noble
KV46 Yuya and Tjuyu 18th dynasty The parents of Queen Tiy. Until the discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun, this was the best preserved tomb to be found in the Valley.
KV47 Siptah 19th dynasty
KV48 Amenemopet called Pairy 18th dynasty Tomb of a noble.
KV49 Unknown 18th dynasty Tomb was possibly a store room.
KV50,KV51, KV52 Unknown 18th dynasty Tombs contain animal burials, which were possibly the pets of Amenhotep II, whose tomb is nearby.
KV53 Unknown New Kingdom
KV54 Unknown 18th dynasty This was probably an embalming cache for the tomb of Tutankhamun.
KV55 Smenkhkare/Akhenaten 18th dynasty This tomb might be another mummy cache, and once possibly contained the burials of several Amarna Period royals –Tiy and Smenkhkare/Akhenaten.
KV56 Unknown 19th dynasty Known as the Gold Tomb, the original owner of this tomb is unknown. Items with names of Ramesses II, Seti II and Tawosret were found.
KV57 Horemheb 18th dynasty
KV58 Unknown 18th dynasty Known as Chariot Tomb, the original owner of this tomb remains unknown. Gold foil contains names of Tutankhamen and Ay
KV60 Sitre In 18th dynasty Royal nurse of Hatshepsut
KV61 Unknown New Kingdom This tomb appears to have been unused.
KV62 Tutankhamen 18th dynasty Perhaps the most famous discovery of modern Western archaeology was made here by Howard Carter on November 4, 1922, with clearance and conservation work continuing until 1932. Tutankhamun's tomb was the first royal tomb to be discovered that was still largely intact (although tomb robbers had entered it), and was for many years the last major discovery in the valley. The opulence of his grave goods notwithstanding, King Tutankhamun was a rather minor king and other burials probably had more numerous treasures. Some members of the archaeological teams led by Carter and later archaeologists contracted local lethal viruses through food or animals (particularly insects), resulting in the infamous "Curse of the Pharaohs" modern legend.
KV63 Unknown 18th dynasty The purpose of this tomb is currently unknown.
KV64 Singer [the Lady] Nehmes Bastet 18th and 22nd dynasty An unexcavated tomb entrance, discovered in July 2008[3] The tomb was later excavated and was shown to have been used in the 18th as well as in the 22nd dynasty. The Lady Nehmesbastet lived during the 22nd dynasty.[4]
KV65 Unknown New Kingdom An unexcavated tomb entrance, discovered in July 2008[3]
KVB – KVT Unknown New Kingdom These are non-burial pits, some of which may have been intended as tombs, others were probably funerary deposits.
West Valley[edit]
The numbering the West Valley follows in sequence to that of the East Valley, and there are only four known burials / pits in the valley.
WV22 – This is the tomb of one of the greatest rulers of the Egyptian New Kingdom, Amenhotep III. It has recently been investigated, but is not open to the public.
WV23 – This is the tomb of Ay and is the only tomb that is open to the public in the West Valley.
WV24 – The original owner of this tomb is unknown.
WV25 – This tomb may have been started as the Theban burial of Akhenaten, but it was never finished.
WVA – This was a storage chamber for Amenhotep III's tomb which was located nearby.
See also[edit]
Theban Mapping Project
Ancient Egypt portal
Egypt portal
Death portal
Lists portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Theban Mapping Project, tomb numbering systems in the valley
Jump up ^ Susanne Bickel, Princesses, Robbers and Priests - The unknown side of the Kings' Valley, Presentation at a conference at the Museo Egizio in Turin, Italy, October 14 2017, Online; KV 64 discussed at 40:00 onwards
^ Jump up to: a b Zahi Hawass. "Spotlight Interview: 2008". The Plateau: Official Website for Dr. Zahi Hawass. Retrieved 2008-08-15.
Jump up ^ Susanne Bickel, Princesses, Robbers and Priests - The unknown side of the Kings' Valley, Presentation at a conference at the Museo Egizio in Turin, Italy, October 14 2017
External links[edit]
Tomb Numbering Systems in the Valley
[hide]
v
t
e
Valley of the Kings
Tombs
East Valley
KV1
KV2
KV3
KV4
KV5
KV6
KV7
KV8
KV9
KV10
KV11
KV12
KV13
KV14
KV15
KV16
KV17
KV18
KV19
KV20
KV21
KV26
KV27
KV28
KV29
KV30
KV31
KV32
KV33
KV34
KV35
KV36
KV37
KV38
KV39
KV40
KV41
KV42
KV43
KV44
KV45
KV46
KV47
KV48
KV49
KV50
KV51
KV52
KV53
KV54
KV55
KV56
KV57
KV58
KV59
KV60
KV61
KV62
KV63
KV64
KV65
West Valley
WV22
WV23
WV24
WV25
Exploration
Theodore M. Davis
Amarna Royal Tombs Project
Theban Mapping Project
John Romer
See also
List of burials in the Valley of the Kings
Minor tombs in the Valley of the Kings
Valley of the Queens
Royal Mummy Cache
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_burials_in_the_Valley_of_the_Kings&oldid=814842419"
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The North Star (anti-slavery newspaper)
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For other newspapers named North Star, see North Star (disambiguation) § Newspapers.
June 2, 1848 issue
February 22, 1856 issue
The North Star was a nineteenth-century anti-slavery newspaper published from the Talman Building in Rochester, New York by abolitionist Frederick Douglass.[1] The paper commenced publication on December 3, 1847 and ceased as The North Star in June 1851 when it merged with Gerrit Smith's Liberty Party Paper (based in Syracuse, New York) to form Frederick Douglass' Paper.[2] The North Star's slogan was "Right is of no Sex—Truth is of no Color—God is the Father of us all, and we are all Brethren."[3]
Contents
1 Inspiration
2 Editorial perspective and breadth
3 Legacy
4 See also
5 References
6 Bibliography
7 External links
Inspiration[edit]
In 1846, Frederick Douglass was first inspired to publish The North Star after subscribing to The Liberator, a weekly newspaper published by William Lloyd Garrison. The Liberator was a newspaper established by Garrison and his supporters founded upon moral principles.[2] The North Star title was a reference to the directions given to runaway slaves trying to reach the Northern states and Canada: Follow the North Star.[4] Published weekly, The North Star was four pages long and sold by subscription at the cost of $2 per year to more than 4,000 readers in the United States, Europe, and the West Indies. The first of its four pages focused on current events concerning abolitionist issues.[5]
The Garrisonian Liberator was founded upon the notion that the Constitution was fundamentally pro-slavery and that the Union ought to be dissolved. Douglass disagreed but supported the nonviolent approach to the emancipation of slaves by education and moral suasion.[6] Under the guidance of the abolitionist society, Douglass became well acquainted with the pursuit of the emancipation of slaves through a New England religious perspective.[7] Garrison had earlier convinced the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society to hire Douglass as an agent, touring with Garrison and telling audiences about his experiences in slavery Douglass worked with another abolitionist, Martin R. Delany, who traveled to lecture, report, and generate subscriptions to The North Star.[4]
Editorial perspective and breadth[edit]
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Douglass' thoughts toward political inaction changed when he attended the National Convention of Colored Citizens, an antislavery convention in Buffalo, New York, in August 1843. One of the many speakers present at the convention was Henry Highland Garnet. Formerly a slave in Maryland, Garnet was a Presbyterian minister who supported violent action against slaveholders. Garnet's demands of independent action addressed to the American slaves remained one of the leading issues of change for Douglass.
During a nineteen-month stay in Britain and Ireland, several of Douglass’ supporters bought his freedom and assisted with the purchase of a printing press. With this assistance Douglass was determined to begin an African-American newspaper that would engage the anti-slavery movement politically. On his return to the United States in March 1847, Douglass shared his ideas of The North Star with his mentors. Ignoring the advice of the American Anti-Slavery Society, Douglass moved to Rochester, New York to publish the first edition. When questioned on his decision to create The North Star, Douglass is said to have responded,
"I still see before me a life of toil and trials..., but, justice must be done, the truth must be told...I will not be silent."[8]
In covering politics in Europe, literature, slavery in the United States, and culture generally in both The North Star and Frederick Douglass' Paper, Douglass achieved an unconstrained independence to write freely on topics from the California Gold Rush to Uncle Tom's Cabin to Charles Dickens's Bleak House.[9]
Legacy[edit]
In the wake of the occupy movement in the United States The North Star website, named after the newspaper, was founded.[10]
See also[edit]
African American portal
Abolitionist publications
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Retrofitting Rochester: Talman Building". Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
^ Jump up to: a b David B. Chesebrough, Frederick Douglass; Oratory from Slavery, (Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1998), 16-18.
Jump up ^ "The North Star (Reason): American Treasures of the library of Congress".
^ Jump up to: a b ""Abolitionist Movement." History Net: Where History Comes Alive".
Jump up ^ "The North Star (American Newspaper) --Encyclopædia Britannica".
Jump up ^ William S. McFeely, Frederick Douglass (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1991), 84-206.
Jump up ^ William S. McFeely, Frederick Douglass (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1991), 15-16.
Jump up ^ William S. McFeely, Frederick Douglass (New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1991), 146-147.
Jump up ^ Janet Neary and Hollis Robbins, “African American Literature of the Gold Rush,” Mapping Region in Early American Writing. Eds. Edward Watts, Keri Holt, and John Funchion. Athens: University of Georgia Press (2015)
Jump up ^ "About". thenorthstar.info. The North Star via WordPress. Retrieved 30 November 2017.
Bibliography[edit]
Ira Berlin, "Who Freed the Slaves; Emancipation and Its Meaning", in Blight and Simpson ed. Union and Emancipation; Essays on Politics and Race in the Civil War Era (Kent, Kent State University Press, 1234), p121.
External links[edit]
The North Star, The North Star: Complete December 3, 1847–April 17, 1851, Accessible Archives (subscription required).
The North Star, The North Star: Online Collection, Lavery Library, St. John Fisher College (selected issues only).
"Our Paper and Its Prospects", The North Star, December 3, 1847.
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