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List of films that most frequently use the word "fuck"
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The use of profanity in films has always been controversial, but has increased significantly in recent years.[1][2] The use of the word fuck in film draws particular criticism; in 2005, the documentary Fuck dealt entirely with this phenomenon.[3] The word fuck is thought to be the taboo term used most in American film.[4] The 1927 Motion Picture Production Code, better known as the "Hays Code", banned the use of profanity outright.[5] The modern MPAA rating system assigns a PG-13 rating if a film contains the word. The R rating is normally required if the film contains two utterances or if the word is used in a sexual context. There are exceptions to the rule that one sexual use or two non-sexual uses of "fuck" results in an R rating. In some cases, filmmakers appealed the rating because their target audience might avoid an R-rated film. Censors have been more lenient about the word in films that portray historical events.[6]
This is a list of non-pornographic, English language films containing at least 150 spoken uses of the word fuck (or one of its derivatives), ordered by the number of such uses.
Contents
1 List of films by number of uses
2 Record progression
3 Notes and references
4 Resources
List of films by number of uses
Film
Year
Fuck count
Minutes
Uses/minute
Source
Ref.
Swearnet: The Movie 2014 935 112 8.35 [7]
Fuck—a documentary on the word[8] 2005 857 93 9.21 [9][10]
The Wolf of Wall Street 2013 569 180 3.16 SI [11][12][13]
Summer of Sam 1999 435 142 3.06 PO [14]
Nil by Mouth 1997 428 128 3.34 SI [15]
Casino 1995 422 178 2.40 FMG [16]
Straight Outta Compton 2015 392 167 2.35 SI [17]
Alpha Dog 2007 367 118 3.11 SI [18]
End of Watch 2012 326 109 2.99 KIM [19]
Twin Town 1997 318 99 3.21 SI [20]
Running Scared 2006 315 122 2.58 SI [21]
Sweet Sixteen 2002 313 106 2.95 DR [22]
Martin Lawrence Live: Runteldat 2002 311 113 2.75 SI [23]
Menace II Society 1993 305 98 3.11 PO [24]
Goodfellas 1990 300 146 2.05 FMG [25]
Narc 2002 297 105 2.82 FMG [26]
Harsh Times 2006 296 120 2.46 SI [27]
Made 2001 291 94 3.09 FMG [28]
Another Day in Paradise 1998 291 101 2.88 SI [29]
Pride and Glory 2008 291 125 2.32 SI [30]
Dirty 2005 280 97 2.88 FMG [31]
I'm Still Here 2010 280 107 2.40 FMG [32]
Jarhead 2005 278 123 2.26 SI [33]
Bully 2001 274 113 2.42 FMG [34]
State Property 2 2005 271 94 2.88 SI [35]
Brooklyn's Finest 2010 270 140 1.93 SI [36]
Reservoir Dogs 1992 269 99 2.71 FMG [37]
Pulp Fiction 1994 265 154 1.72 FMG [38]
The Big Lebowski 1998 260 117 2.22 FMG [39]
Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back 2001 248 104 2.38 FMG [40]
Free Fire 2016 240 90 2.67 KIM [41]
Do the Right Thing 1989 240 120 2.00 SD [42]
The Boondock Saints 1999 239 110 2.17 FMG [43]
The Departed 2006 237 151 1.56 SI [44]
Empire 2002 236 90 2.62 FMG [45]
True Romance 1993 234 121 1.93 FMG [46]
Black Mass 2015 234 122 1.92 SI [47]
Resolution 2012 231 93 2.48 [48]
Goon 2012 231 93 2.48 KIM [49]
My Name Is Joe 1998 230 105 2.19 SI [50]
State of Grace 1990 230 134 1.71 FMG [51]
Gridlock'd 1997 227 91 2.49 SI [52]
The Devil's Rejects 2005 224 109 2.06 FMG [53]
Eddie Murphy Raw 1987 223 90 2.47 FMG [54]
Suicide Kings 1997 222 106 2.09 FMG [55]
Zack and Miri Make a Porno 2008 219 101 2.16 SI [56]
30 Minutes or Less 2011 218 83 2.17 KIM [57]
Black and White 1999 215 98 2.19 SI [58]
American History X 1998 214 119 1.79 FMG [59]
The Original Kings of Comedy 2000 213 115 1.85 FMG [60]
Hot Tub Time Machine 2010 212 100 2.12 SI [61]
Monument Ave. 1998 210 93 2.25 PO [62]
Layer Cake 2004 210 105 2.00 FMG [63]
All Eyez on Me 2017 210 140 1.50 PI [64]
Scarface 1983 207 170 1.21 FMG [65]
Spun 2002 203 101 2.00 FMG [66]
Dysfunktional Family 2003 200 89 2.24 SI [67]
Foolish 1999 200 97 2.06 SI [68]
This Is The End 2013 200 106 1.88 KIM [69]
8 Mile 2002 200 110 1.81 SI [70]
22 Jump Street 2014 200 112 1.78 PI [71]
A Bronx Tale 1993 200 122 1.63 FMG [72]
I Got the Hook Up 1998 197 93 2.11 SI [73]
Sabotage 2014 196 109 1.80 SI [74]
Born on the Fourth of July 1989 196 145 1.35 FMG [75]
Next Day Air 2009 193 84 2.23 SI [76]
Killing Them Softly 2012 193 97 1.99 SI [77]
Overnight 2003 191 82 2.32 FMG [78]
Ten Benny 1996 190 108 1.75 KIM [79]
Superbad 2007 190 118 1.61 SI [80]
Magnolia 1999 190 188 1.01 FMG [81]
Monster 2003 187 110 1.70 FMG [82]
Belly 1998 186 96 1.93 SI [83]
Hustle & Flow 2005 186 115 1.61 FMG [84]
The Wall 2017 185 82 2.26 PI [85]
Clockers 1995 185 128 1.44 PO [86]
Get Rich or Die Tryin' 2005 185 134 1.38 FMG [87]
Bad Santa 2 2016 180 92 1.96 KIM [88]
The 51st State 2001 180 93 1.93 FMG [89]
Flawless 1999 178 112 1.58 FMG [90]
Slam 1998 176 100 1.76 SI [91]
Poetic Justice 1993 175 109 1.60 PO [92]
Pineapple Express 2008 175 111 1.57 SI [93]
Project X 2012 175 88 1.98 KIM [94]
Human Traffic 1999 174 100 1.74 PO [95]
Bad Santa 2003 173 98 1.76 FMG [96]
Tigerland 2000 173 100 1.73 MR [97]
Donnie Brasco 1997 172 127 1.35 FMG [98]
Mid90s 2018 171 84 2.04 KIM [1]
Backstage 2000 170 86 1.97 SI [99]
The Commitments 1991 169 118 1.43 FMG [100]
Grindhouse 2007 169 191 0.88 SI [101]
Four Rooms 1995 168 98 1.71 FMG [102]
Death of a Dynasty 2003 167 93 1.79 KIM [103]
Gang Related 1997 165 102 1.61 SI [104]
Crank: High Voltage 2009 164 96 1.71 SI [105]
Funny People 2009 164 153 1.01 SI [106]
Boogie Nights 1997 164 155 1.05 FMG [107]
Formula 51 2001 163 93 1.75 SI [108]
Blood In Blood Out 1993 163 190 0.85 PO [109]
21 and Over 2013 162 93 1.74 KIM [110]
The Grey 2012 161 117 1.30 SI [111]
Lone Survivor 2013 161 121 1.33 SI [112]
Sausage Party 2016 160 89 1.80 PI [113]
Good Time 2017 160 100 1.60 PI [114]
Dirty Grandpa 2016 160 102 1.57 KIM [115]
Sorry to Bother You 2018 160 105 1.52 KIM [116]
Snatch 2000 159 102 1.55 FMG [117][118]
Platoon 1986 159 120 1.32 FMG [119]
Blue Collar 1978 158 114 1.39 TFF [120]
The Heat 2013 158 117 1.35 KIM [121]
Colors 1988 157 120 1.30 FMG [122]
Dead Presidents 1995 157 119 1.32 PO [123]
That's My Boy 2012 156 116 1.35 SI [124]
Magic Mike 2012 156 110 1.42 KIM [125]
Intermission 2003 155 106 1.46 FMG [126]
The Town 2010 155 125 1.26 SI [127]
Legend 2015 155 131 1.18 SI [128]
The Blair Witch Project 1999 154 86 1.79 FMG [129]
Notorious 2009 154 123 1.25 SI [130]
Good Will Hunting 1997 154 126 1.22 FMG [131]
Boiler Room 2000 153 118 1.29 SI [132]
Bad Boys II 2003 153 147 1.04 FMG [133]
All About the Benjamins 2002 151 99 1.53 SI [134]
Ash Wednesday 2002 151 99 1.53 FMG [135]
Soul Men 2008 151 103 1.46 SI [136]
Smokin' Stogies 2001 151 102 1.48 FMG [137]
In the Name of the Father 1993 151 127 1.19 FMG [138]
Clerks II 2006 150 97 1.55 PI [139]
The Night Before 2015 150 101 1.49 KIM [140]
Everybody Wants Some!! 2016 150 117 1.28 PI [141]
Patriots Day 2016 150 130 1.15 SI [142]
Hoffa 1992 150 140 1.07 FMG [143]
The Place Beyond the Pines 2012 150 140 1.07 SI [144]
American Honey 2016 150 163 0.92 KIM [145]
Record progression
Film
Year
Fuck count
Minutes
Uses/minute
The French Connection 1971 11 104 0.11
Last Tango in Paris 1972 25 129 0.19
The Last Detail 1973 65 112 0.58
Blue Collar 1978 158 114 1.39
Scarface 1983 207 170 1.21
Eddie Murphy Raw 1987 223 90 2.47
Do the Right Thing 1989 240 120 2
Goodfellas 1990 300 146 2.05
Menace II Society 1993 305 98 3.11
Casino 1995 422 178 2.4
Nil by Mouth 1997 428 128 3.34
Summer of Sam 1999 435 142 3.06
Fuck—a documentary on the word 2005 857 93 9.21
Swearnet: The Movie 2014 935 112 8.35
Notes and references
Jump up ^ "Violence, sex, and profanity increased significantly in movies between 1992 and 2003". news-medical.net. July 15, 2004. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
Jump up ^ Kimberly M. Thompson and Fumie Yokota (July 13, 2004). "Violence, Sex, and Profanity in Films: Correlation of Movie Ratings With Content" (PDF). Medscape General Medicine. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2009. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
Jump up ^ Rowan Walker (November 19, 2006). "Is this an f-word too far?". The Guardian. Retrieved 2009-01-06.
Jump up ^ María Jesús Fernández Fernández (2006-06-21). "The Translation of Swearing in the Dubbing of the Film South Park into Spanish". In So Many Words: Language Transfer on the Screen. University of Surrey. Archived from the original on 2008-02-28. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
Jump up ^ Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America. "Don'ts and Be Carefuls". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Ridder, Knight (28 August 2003). "F-word doesn't always equal R rating". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved 3 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Swearnet: The Movie'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
Jump up ^ An earlier cut of the film, shown at the AFI Los Angeles International Film Festival, incorrectly stated the film contained 629 uses of the word fuck.
Jump up ^ Garvin, Glenn (May 27, 2011). "How to hear the F-word 857 times on TV – F**k. 2–4 a.m. Saturday. Documentary Channel". The Miami Herald. Florida: The McClatchy Company. Anybody expecting protective bleeps will suffer lethally seared eardrums within minutes of tuning in; the program shatters all existing records of F-word usage with 857 gloriously stereophonic examples.
Jump up ^ Mak, Zoe (August 12, 2012). "Entertainment: Director gives the F-word an airing". South China Morning Post. Hong Kong: SCMP Group. Retrieved April 22, 2013. But in a movie now being shown in Hong Kong, it is heard no fewer than 857 times. It is 'the F-word', and it is still so controversial that on posters for the documentary of the same name, the 'u' has been replaced by an asterisk.
Jump up ^ "The Wolf of Wall Street". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2013-12-24. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ "Is Wolf of Wall Street Really the Sweariest Movie of All Time? A Slate Investigation". Retrieved 2014-01-10.
Jump up ^ Cruz, Gilbert (2014-01-08). "Every Single Curse Word Said in The Wolf of Wall Street: The Fullest Picture". Vulture. Retrieved 2014-02-08.
Jump up ^ The DVD release includes an optional "curse counter" function that keeps a visual record of the number of appearances of the word both verbally and visually in the film. Source: Mike Pinsky (12 March 2007). "DVD Verdict Review – Fuck". DVD Verdict. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-08.
Jump up ^ "Nil By Mouth". Screenit.com. 1998-02-23. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
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Jump up ^ "Straight Outta Compton". Screenitplus.com. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
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Jump up ^ "End of Watch [2012] [R] – 5.8.10". Kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
Jump up ^ "Twin Town". Screenit.com. 1997-05-29. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Running Scared". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ Dow, Bob (2008-02-21). "Film Sets Record for Most F-words in a Scottish Movie". The Daily Record. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
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Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Pride And Glory". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Dirty". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "British Board Of Film Classification – I'm Still Here rated 15". BBFC.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
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Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: The Big Lebowski". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
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Jump up ^ "Do the Right Thing Trivia". Screened. Archived from the original on 2014-03-12. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: The Boondock Saints". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: The Departed". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Empire". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
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Jump up ^ "Gridlock'D". Screenit.com. 1997-01-27. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
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Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: American History X". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: The Original Kings of Comedy". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Hot Tub Time Machine". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
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Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Layer Cake". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
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Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Scarface". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Spun". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Dysfunktional Family". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Foolish". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "This Is The End". kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "SCREEN IT! PARENTAL REVIEW: 8 MILE". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "22 Jump Street". Plugged In. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: A Bronx Tale". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "I Got The Hook Up". Screenit.com. 1998-05-21. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Sabotage". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Born on the Fourth of July". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-06. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Next Day Air". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Killing Them Softly". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Overnight". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Ten Benny [1996] – 4.3.10". Kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Superbad". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Magnolia". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Monster". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "BELLY". Screenit.com. 1998-11-02. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Hustle & Flow". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
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Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Get Rich or Die Tryin'". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Bad Santa 2 [2016] [R] - 8.5.10". Kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Formula 51". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Flawless". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "SLAM". Screenit.com. 1998-10-19. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
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Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Pineapple Express". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Project X [2012] [R] – 7.5.10". Kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2012-03-08.
Jump up ^ "Preview Movie Review". Previewonline.org. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Bad Santa". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Tigerland". The Movie Reporter. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Donnie Brasco". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Backstage". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: The Commitments". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Grindhouse". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Four Rooms". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Death of a Dynasty [2005] [R] – 5.4.10". Kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Gang Related". Screenit.com. 1997-10-01. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Crank: High Voltage". Screenit.com. 2009-04-17. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Funny People". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Boogie Nights". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Formula 51". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
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Jump up ^ "21 and Over". kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "The Grey". Retrieved 2012-02-21.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Lone Survivor". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Sausage Party Movie Review (2016)". Plugged In. 2016-11-07. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
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Jump up ^ "Dirty Grandpa [2016] [R] - 8.4.10". Kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
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Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Snatch". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ Neil Armstrong (2004-09-11). "The filth and the fury". Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Platoon". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ Greco, John (2010-10-05). "Blue Collar (1978) Paul Schrader". Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "The Heat". kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Colors". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
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Jump up ^ "Magic Mike [2012] [R] – 8.4.10". Kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2012-10-09.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Intermission". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "THE TOWN". Retrieved 2012-02-21.
Jump up ^ "LEGEND". Screenitplus.com. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: The Blair Witch Project". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Notorious". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Good Will Hunting". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Boiler Room". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2010-04-27.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Bad Boys II". Family Media Guide. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: All About the Benjamins". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame:Ash Wednesday". Family Media Guide. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Screen It! Parental Review: Soul Men". Screenit.com. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Smokin' Stogies". Family Media Guide. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame:In the Name of the Father". Family Media Guide. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Clerks II Movie Review". Plugged In. Retrieved 2015-09-12.
Jump up ^ "The Night Before [2015] [R] - 8.4.10". Kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
Jump up ^ "Everybody Wants Some!! Movie Review (2016)". Plugged In. 2016-07-11. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
Jump up ^ screenitplus.com. "PATRIOTS DAY". www.screenitplus.com.
Jump up ^ "Freeze Frame: Hoffa". Family Media Guide. Archived from the original on 2007-05-09. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
Jump up ^ screenitplus.com. "THE PLACE BEYOND THE PINES". www.screenitplus.com.
Jump up ^ "American Honey [2016] [R] - 9.4.10". Kids-in-mind.com. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
Resources
The data in this list are derived from various sources:
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Benedict's reagent
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"Benedict's" redirects here. For other uses, see Benedict (disambiguation).
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Benedict's test
Positive Benedict's test
Classification
Colorimetric method
Analytes
Reducing sugars
Benedict's reagent (often called Benedict's qualitative solution or Benedict's solution) is a chemical reagent named after American chemist Stanley Rossiter Benedict.[1]
It is a complex mixture of sodium carbonate, sodium citrate and copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.[2] It is often used in place of Fehling's solution to detect the presence of reducing sugars. The presence of other reducing substances also gives a positive reaction.[3] Such tests that use this reagent are called the Benedict's tests. A positive test with Benedict's reagent is shown by a color change from clear blue to a brick-red precipitate.
Generally, Benedict's test detects the presence of aldehydes and alpha-hydroxy-ketones, also by hemiacetal, including those that occur in certain ketoses. Thus, although the ketose fructose is not strictly a reducing sugar, it is an alpha-hydroxy-ketone, and gives a positive test because it is converted to the aldoses glucose and mannose by the base in the reagent.
The principle of Benedict's test is that when reducing sugars are heated in the presence of an alkali they are converted to powerful reducing species known as enediols. Enediols reduce the cupric compounds (Cu2+) present in the Benedict's reagent to cuprous compounds (Cu+) which are precipitated as insoluble red copper(I) oxide(Cu2O).
The color of the obtained precipitate gives an idea about the quantity of sugar present in the solution, hence the test is semi-quantitative. A greenish precipitate indicates about 0.5 g% concentration; yellow precipitate indicates 1 g% concentration; orange indicates 1.5 g% and red indicates 2 g% or higher concentration.
Contents
[hide]
1 Benedict's test
2 Benedict's solution
3 Quantitative reagent
4 See also
5 References
Benedict's test[edit]
To test for the presence of monosaccharides and reducing disaccharide sugars in food, the food sample is dissolved in water, and a small amount of Benedict's reagent is added. During a water bath, which is usually 4–10 minutes, the solution should progress in the colors of blue (with no reducing sugar present), orange, yellow, green, red, and then brick red precipitate or brown (with high reducing sugar present). A color change would signify the presence of a reducing sugar.[3] The common disaccharides lactose and maltose are directly detected by Benedict's reagent because each contains a glucose with a free reducing aldehyde moiety, after isomerization.
Sucrose (table sugar) contains two sugars (fructose and glucose) joined by their glycosidic bond in such a way as to prevent the glucose isomerizing to aldehyde, or the fructose to alpha-hydroxy-ketone form. Sucrose is thus a non-reducing sugar which does not react with Benedict's reagent. Sucrose indirectly produces a positive result with Benedict's reagent if heated with dilute hydrochloric acid prior to the test, although after this treatment it is no longer sucrose. The acidic conditions and heat break the glycosidic bond in sucrose through hydrolysis. The products of sucrose decomposition are glucose and fructose, both of which can be detected by Benedict's reagent, as described above.
Starches do not react or react very poorly with Benedict's reagent, due to the relatively small number of reducing sugar moieties, which occur only at the ends of carbohydrate chains. Inositol (myoinositol) is another carbohydrate which produces a negative test.
Benedict's reagent can be used to test for the presence of glucose in urine. Glucose in urine is called glucosuria and can be indicative of diabetes mellitus, but the test is not recommended or used for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. A false positive reaction can be due to the presence of other reducing substances in urine such as ascorbic acid (during intake of vitamin supplements), drugs (levodopa, contrast used in radiological procedures) and homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria).
Benedict's solution[edit]
Benedict's solution is a deep-blue solution used to test for the presence of the aldehyde functional group, - CHO.[3] It is an aqueous alkaline mixture of CuSO4 and sodium citrate. Here sodium citrate is the complexing agent that keeps Cu2+ in solution, which would otherwise precipitate as cupric carbonate. The substance to be tested is heated up to 95 °C (for example, in a water bath) with Benedict's solution; formation of a brick-red precipitate indicates presence of the aldehyde group in relatively high concentrations.[3] Since simple sugars (e.g., glucose) give a positive test, the solution is used to test for the presence of glucose in urine, a symptom of diabetes. One litre of Benedict's solution contains 173 grammes sodium citrate, 100 grammes sodium carbonate, and 17.3 grammes cupric sulphate pentahydrate. It reacts chemically similarly to Fehling's solution; the cupric ion (complexed with citrate ions) is reduced to cuprous ion by the aldehyde group (which is oxidised), and precipitates as cuprous oxide, Cu2O.
Experiment
Observation
Inference
Substance in water + 3ml Benedict's solution, then boil for few minutes and allow to cool. Red, green, or yellow precipitate is obtained Reducing sugar e.g. Glucose is present
Substance in water + 3ml Benedict's solution, then boil for few minutes and allow to cool. Solution remains clear or is a little blue Reducing sugar is not present
Quantitative reagent[edit]
Benedict's quantitative reagent contains potassium thiocyanate and is used to determine how much reducing sugar is present.[3] This solution forms a copper thiocyanate precipitate which is white and can be used in a titration. The titration should be repeated with 1% glucose solution instead of the sample for calibration.
See also[edit]
Other oxidizing reagents
Dextrose equivalent
Tollens' reagent
Fehling's solution
Other reducing reagents (opposite)
Jones reductor
Walden reductor
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Benedict, S. R.7 (1 January 1909). "A Reagent For the Detection of Reducing Sugars" (PDF). J. Biol. Chem. 5 (6): 485–487.
Jump up ^ Robert D. Simoni; Robert L. Hill & Martha Vaughan (2002). "Benedict's Solution, a Reagent for Measuring Reducing Sugars: the Clinical Chemistry of Stanley R. Benedict". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (16): 10–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110516200. PMID 11773074.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Collins Edexcel International GCSEBiology, Student Book (ISBN 978-0-00-745000-8) p.42-43
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The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra
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This article is about the composition by Benjamin Britten. For the television series, see Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra.
The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra is a 1945 musical composition by Benjamin Britten with a subtitle Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Purcell. It was based on the second movement, "Rondeau", of the Abdelazer suite. It was originally commissioned for an educational documentary film called Instruments of the Orchestra, directed by Muir Mathieson and featuring the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Malcolm Sargent.[1]
The work is one of the best-known pieces by the composer, and is often associated with two other works in the context of children's music education: Saint-Saëns' The Carnival of the Animals and Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf.[citation needed]
This work, in the composer's own words, "is affectionately inscribed to the children of John and Jean Maud: Humphrey, Pamela, Caroline and Virginia, for their edification and entertainment".[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Instrumentation
2 Structure
3 Narration
4 References
5 External links
Instrumentation[edit]
The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra is scored for symphony orchestra:
Woodwinds: piccolo, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets in B flat and A and 2 bassoons
Brass: 4 horns in F, 2 trumpets in C, 3 trombones (2 tenors and 1 bass) and bass tuba
Percussion: timpani, bass drum, cymbals, tambourine, triangle, snare drum, cowbell, xylophone, castanets, tamtam, and whip
Strings: harp, first and second violins, violas, cellos and double basses
Structure[edit]
The work is based on the Rondeau from Henry Purcell's incidental music to Aphra Behn's Abdelazer,[3] and is structured, in accordance with the plan of the original documentary film, as a way of showing off the tone colours and capacities of the various sections of the orchestra.
In the introduction, the theme is initially played by the entire orchestra, then by each major family of instruments of the orchestra: first the woodwinds, then the brass, then the strings, and finally by the percussion. Each variation then features a particular instrument in depth, generally moving through each family from high to low (the order of the families is slightly different from the introduction). So, for example, the first variation features the piccolo and flutes; each member of the woodwind family then gets a variation, ending with the bassoon; and so on, through the strings, brass, and finally the percussion.
After the whole orchestra has been effectively taken to pieces in this way, it is reassembled using an original fugue which starts with the piccolo, followed by all the woodwinds, strings, brass and percussion in turn. Once everyone has entered, the brass are re-introduced (with a strike on the tamtam) with Purcell's original melody.[4]
The sections of the piece and instruments introduced by the variations are as follows.
Theme
Allegro maestoso e largamente
Tutti, woodwinds, brass, strings, then percussion
Variation A
Presto
Piccolo and flute
Variation B
Lento
Oboes
Variation C
Moderato
Clarinets
Variation D
Allegro alla marcia
Bassoons
Variation E
Brillante: alla polacca
Violins
Variation F
Meno mosso
Violas
Variation G
Lusingando
Cellos
Variation H
Cominciando lento ma poco a poco accel. al Allegro
Double basses
Variation I
Maestoso
Harp
Variation J
L'istesso tempo
Horns
Variation K
Vivace
Trumpets
Variation L
Allegro pomposo
Trombones and bass tuba
Variation M
Moderato
Percussion (timpani; bass drum & cymbals; tambourine & triangle; snare drum & wood block; xylophone; castanets & tamtam; whip; percussion tutti)
Fugue
Allegro molto
Narration[edit]
The narration for the documentary film was written by Eric Crozier, the producer of the first production of Britten's opera Peter Grimes, and is sometimes spoken by the conductor or a separate speaker during performance of the piece. The composer also arranged a version without narration. The one without narration is more often recorded. The commentary often alters between recordings.
A new narration was written by Simon Butteriss for the Aldeburgh Festival and broadcast live by CBBC presenter Johny Pitts with the BBC Symphony Orchestra for the Britten 100 celebrations in 2013.
Comedian and author John Hodgman wrote a new narration of The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra in 2015 for a series of performances with the Boston Pops.[5][6][7]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Instruments of the Orchestra", British Film Institute, accessed 24 May 2013
Jump up ^ "Essential Britten: A Pocket Guide for the Britten Centenary", John Bridcut, accessed 14 January 2014
Jump up ^ "Programme Notes". London Chamber Orchestra. 18 April 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Programme Notes". London Chamber Orchestra. 20 March 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "John Hodgman in the Young Person's Guide: Boston Pops: WCRB: WGBH".
Jump up ^ Boston Pops (14 May 2015). "Excerpts from John Hodgman's Debut Narration with Boston Pops" – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Excerpts from John Hodgman's debut narration with Boston Pops".
Boosey & Hawkes No. 606. Benjamin Britten – The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra Opus 34.
History of the London Symphony Orchestra on Film
External links[edit]
Animated guide presented by Carnegie Hall
BBC Radio 4 programme about the piece and the score manuscript
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Benjamin Britten: A Life in the Twentieth Century
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Little Big Town
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Little Big Town
Little Big Town performing live on February 28, 2008. (L–R: Jimi Westbrook, Karen Fairchild, Phillip Sweet, Kimberly Schlapman)
Background information
Origin
Homewood, Alabama, U.S.
Genres
Country
Years active
1998–present
Labels
Mercury Nashville
Monument
Equity
Capitol Nashville
Website
littlebigtown.com
Members
Karen Fairchild
Kimberly Schlapman
Phillip Sweet
Jimi Westbrook
Little Big Town is an American country music group. Founded in 1998, the group has comprised the same four members since its founding: Karen Fairchild, Kimberly Schlapman (formerly Kimberly Roads), Jimi Westbrook, and Phillip Sweet. Their musical style relies heavily on four-part vocal harmonies, with all four members alternating as lead vocalists; Westbrook and Sweet also play rhythm guitar.
After a recording deal with the Mercury Nashville Records label which produced no singles or albums, Little Big Town released its self-titled debut on Monument Records in 2002. It produced two minor country chart singles before the group left the label. By 2005, the group had been signed to Equity Music Group, an independent record label owned by Clint Black. Their second album, The Road to Here, was released that year, and received a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). A Place to Land, their third album, was released via Equity, then re-released via Capitol Nashville after Equity closed in 2008. Five more albums have followed for Capitol: The Reason Why (2010), Tornado (2012), Pain Killer (2014), Wanderlust (2016), and The Breaker (2017). All of their albums have accounted for 24 singles on Hot Country Songs and Country Airplay, including the No. 1 singles "Pontoon", "Girl Crush", and "Better Man" along with the top 10 hits "Boondocks", "Bring It On Home", "Little White Church", "Tornado", and "Day Drinking".
Contents
[hide]
1 Early years
2 Career
2.1 2000–02: Little Big Town
2.2 2005–09: The Road to Here and A Place to Land
2.3 2010–13: The Reason Why, Commercial Success and Tornado
2.4 2014–16: Pain Killer and Grand Ole Opry invitation
2.5 2016–present: Wanderlust, The Breaker, and Ryman residency
3 Discography
4 Tours
5 Personal lives
6 Musical stylings
7 Awards and nominations
8 Television Appearances
9 References
10 External links
Early years[edit]
In the mid-1990s, Karen Fairchild sang with the Christian vocal group Truth and was featured as a lead singer in a few of their songs. She also formed a duo called KarenLeigh with Leigh Cappillino (from the group Point of Grace). KarenLeigh produced the singles, "Save it For a Rainy Day" and "This Love Has". In 1997, while attending Samford University in Alabama, she met Kimberly Roads. Eventually, they moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where they reunited and began singing together.[1] Jimi Westbrook joined Roads and Fairchild in 1998,[2] followed by Phillip Sweet.
Career[edit]
2000–02: Little Big Town[edit]
Little Big Town's first record deal was with Mercury Nashville Records, although the band was dropped from the label's roster without releasing a single or album.[1][2] In 2001, they sang backing vocals on Collin Raye's album Can't Back Down,[3] while Sweet and Roads co-wrote the song "Back Where I Belong" on Sherrié Austin's 2001 album Followin' a Feelin'.[4]
A second contract, this time with Monument Records Nashville, began in 2002. The band's first album, Little Big Town, was released that year. It produced the singles "Don't Waste My Time" and "Everything Changes", which peaked at 33 and 42 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. Westbrook's father died in 2002, just after the group's first album was released. Fairchild and Sweet both divorced their spouses shortly afterward, and the group exited Monument when the label's Nashville branch was dissolved. The four members all took up day jobs to earn additional money, although they continued to tour as well.[1]
2005–09: The Road to Here and A Place to Land[edit]
In 2005, Little Big Town was signed to Equity Music Group, a label started and partially owned by country music singer Clint Black.[1] Their third single, "Boondocks", was released in May, peaking at No. 9 on the country charts in January 2006. It served as the first of four singles from the group's second album, The Road to Here, which was released on October 4, 2005. "Bring It On Home", the second single from the album, became Little Big Town's first top 5 hit on Hot Country Songs. It was followed by "Good as Gone" and "A Little More You", both of which were top 20 hits. By the end of 2006, The Road to Here had been certified Platinum in the United States. Unlike their first album, the group's members co-wrote the majority of the songs on The Road to Here along with Wayne Kirkpatrick, who also produced it. In 2007, the group sang backing vocals on John Mellencamp's Freedom's Road album.[5]
Little Big Town released A Place to Land, their third studio album and second with Equity, on November 6, 2007. Its lead-off single, "I'm with the Band", peaked at number 32 on the country chart. On April 23, 2008, Little Big Town announced it was leaving Equity for Capitol Nashville.[6] Shortly afterward, they charted with Sugarland and Jake Owen on a live cover of The Dream Academy's "Life in a Northern Town". Taken from Sugarland's 2007 tour, it reached number 28 on the country chart based on unsolicited airplay. In October 2008, Capitol re-released A Place to Land, which added four new songs, and the label promoted two further singles from the album, "Fine Line" and "Good Lord Willing".
In the fall of 2008, Little Big Town opened up for Carrie Underwood on her Carnival Ride Tour. They began their first headlining tour in January 2009 in Jacksonville, Florida and continued through April.[7]
Fairchild recorded a duet with Mellencamp on his 2008 album, Life, Death, Love and Freedom. The song, "A Ride Back Home", was released as the album's third single and was accompanied by a music video. Fairchild also duetted with Mellencamp on "My Sweet Love" and appears in its music video.
Little Big Town was nominated for Vocal Group Of The Year for the fourth year in a row at the 2009 CMA Awards.
2010–13: The Reason Why, Commercial Success and Tornado[edit]
In March 2010, the group released a new single titled "Little White Church", as the lead-off single to their fourth studio album and first completely new album on Capitol Nashville, The Reason Why, which was released on August 24, 2010. "Little White Church" peaked at number 6 on the country chart. The album produced two additional singles in "Kiss Goodbye" and the title track, but both failed to reach the top 40 of Hot Country Songs.
The album's title track was released as a digital single on July 27, 2010, to begin an iTunes countdown to the album release on August 24, 2010. Three further digital singles — "Kiss Goodbye", "Why, Oh Why", and "All the Way Down" — were released weekly leading up until the album release. Also, in promotion of The Reason Why, Little Big Town went on tour as an opening act for Sugarland on The Incredible Machine Tour, as well their own The Reason Why Tour.
Little Big Town's fifth studio album, Tornado, was released on September 11, 2012. It was also their first album to be produced by Jay Joyce. "Pontoon" was released as the album's lead single on April 30, 2012, and became their first number one hit on Hot Country Songs in September 2012. It was their first single to receive a Platinum certification. The title track was released as the album's second single on October 1, 2012. It reached number 2 on the Country Airplay chart in 2013. At the 55th Grammy Awards, "Pontoon" won the Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance.[8] The album was certified gold by the RIAA in December 2012.[9]
The band joined Rascal Flatts on their Changed Tour, along with Eli Young Band and Edens Edge, for dates spanning Summer 2012. They played at the C2C: Country to Country festival in London on March 16, 2013.[10]
The album's third single, "Your Side of the Bed", was a number 27 hit.
The band sang background vocals on Ashley Monroe's 2013 single, "You Got Me", featured on her 2013 release, Like a Rose. Group member Karen Fairchild co-wrote the song with Monroe.[11] It failed to chart.
The album's fourth single, "Sober", was a number 31 hit.
2014–16: Pain Killer and Grand Ole Opry invitation[edit]
Little Big Town performed harmony vocals on David Nail's 2014 album, I'm a Fire, on the song "When They're Gone (Lyle County)", co-written by Brett Eldredge. They were also featured on Miranda Lambert's 2014 album, Platinum, on "Smokin' and Drinkin'", a song which the band was going to record themselves;[12] it debuted on Billboard's Country Airplay chart at number 38 after their performance at the CMA Awards in 2014.
The band began recording their sixth studio album, Pain Killer, in early 2014. The lead single, "Day Drinking", was released digitally June 3,[13] and was sent to country radio on June 9.[14] It debuted on the Country Airplay chart at number 32, their highest-ever debut, and went on to peak at number 2 on Country Airplay. It hit number 1 on the Canada Country chart, becoming their second number 1 single and first as songwriters. Pain Killer's track listing was announced on July 14,[15] and the album was released on October 21.
On October 3, 2014, Reba McEntire invited the group to join the Grand Ole Opry. They accepted and were inducted by Vince Gill on October 17.[16]
The second single from the album, "Girl Crush", was released December 15, 2014. Some radio stations were reported to have pulled "Girl Crush" from their playlists, in response to concerns from listeners who interpreted the song's lyrics to be about lesbianism. In response, Fairchild said, "That’s just shocking to me, the close-mindedness of that, when that’s just not what the song was about…But what if it were? It’s just a greater issue of listening to a song for what it is." In addition, the label created a short commercial in which the band discusses the song and its actual meaning.[17] Billboard consulted several radio program directors on its panel and found only one who detailed a specific complaint from a listener.[18] The song became their second No. 1 on a Billboard chart in May 2015 and their highest showing on the Billboard Hot 100 after gaining exposure on "The Voice" and the 50th Annual ACM Awards. The album's third single and the title track, "Pain Killer", released to country radio on August 24, 2015.
On September 9, 2015, the group was nominated for five CMA Awards: Vocal Group of the Year, Album of the Year for Pain Killer, Single of the Year for "Girl Crush", Music Video of the Year for "Girl Crush" and Musical Event of the Year for their collaboration on the Miranda Lambert single "Smokin' and Drinkin'". They tied Eric Church for most nominations that year. Additionally, the songwriters of "Girl Crush" were recognized with a Song of the Year win.
For the 58th Annual Grammy Awards Pain Killer was nominated for Best Country Album, "Girl Crush" was nominated for Best Country Duo/Group Performance, Song of the Year and Best Country Song. Little Big Town only received nominations for Best Country Album and Best Country Duo/Group Performance since they did not write on "Girl Crush".[19]
The band will soon begin working on their first Christmas album.[20]
On January 24, 2016, the band sang the National Anthem before the Arizona/Carolina NFC Championship game. On July 4 of that year, they performed with the Boston Pops at their annual Independence Day concert.
2016–present: Wanderlust, The Breaker, and Ryman residency[edit]
In February 2016, they appeared on "Take Me Down", a track on Down to My Last Bad Habit, the fourteenth album by Vince Gill.
In March 2016, Little Big Town returned to the UK as part of the C2C: Country to Country tour, becoming one of four acts at the time (the others being Brantley Gilbert, Sam Hunt and Carrie Underwood) to perform at the festival twice. They headlined the launch party in 2015 where they announced the full line-up, revealing that they would be supporting Underwood along with Hunt and Maddie & Tae.
On May 24, 2016, the band announced their seventh studio album titled Wanderlust. The album contains eight tracks produced by Pharrell Williams and was released on June 10, 2016. Karen Fairchild describes the album as, "It's not a country album" "And it's not like anything we've ever done. It's fun to be spontaneous and put it out there to the fans, because we want to, and not to overthink it, but just because it has brought us a lot of joy, and we think it will for them as well. So why not? We're going with our gut and putting it out there. It's just music, you know?" Fairchild stated that they are also working on a country record with Jay Joyce.[21] In July, they appeared on the 2000–2005 episode of ABC's Greatest Hits where they performed covers by Alicia Keys, Oasis and Sheryl Crow. They were also selected as one of 30 artists to perform on "Forever Country", a mash-up track of "Take Me Home, Country Roads", "On the Road Again" and "I Will Always Love You", which celebrates 50 years of the CMA Awards.[22]
The band released "Better Man", which was written by singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, on October 20, 2016, as the lead single to their upcoming eighth studio album, The Breaker, that was released on February 24, 2017. Initially masking the song's writer, the band revealed that Swift wrote the song. The song's music video, directed by Reid Long and Becky Fluke, was released November 1, 2016. The band would follow up with a new single "When Someone Stops Loving You," on February 17, 2017. The song was inspired by a story Sean Lynch detailed to the band during a tour stop in 2016.
The band announced that they would be the first act in history to have a residency at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. The residency began on February 24, 2017 and will conclude in November.[needs update] Little Big Town announced a six-date UK tour supported by Seth Ennis beginning on September 28 and concluding in London on October 5[23] before revealing that Kacey Musgraves and Midland would support them on the American leg of The Breakers Tour beginning in February 2018[24]. On October 5 during their show at the Royal Albert Hall, the band revealed that they would be headlining the 2018 C2C: Country to Country festival, making history as the first act to play the event three times.[25]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Little Big Town discography
Little Big Town (2002)
The Road to Here (2005)
A Place to Land (2007)
The Reason Why (2010)
Tornado (2012)
Pain Killer (2014)
Wanderlust (2016)
The Breaker (2017)
Tours[edit]
Headlining
The Reason Why Tour (2011)
Tornado Tour (2013)
Pain Killer Tour (2014–15)
The Breakers Tour (2017-2018)
C2C: Country to Country (2018)
Supporting
Still Alive in 06 with Keith Urban (2006)
CMT On Tour: Change for Change Tour with Sugarland and Jake Owen (2007)
George Strait 2008 Arena Tour with George Strait (2008)
The Waking Up Laughing Tour with Martina McBride (2007–08) (Legs 1 and 3)
Carnival Ride Tour with Carrie Underwood (2008) (Fall leg)
A Place To Land Tour with Zac Brown Band and Ashton Shepherd
The Incredible Machine Tour 2010 with Sugarland and Randy Montana (2010) (Fall leg)
The Incredible Machine Tour 2011 with Sugarland, Matt Nathanson and Casey James (2011) (Spring leg)
Revolution Continues Tour with Miranda Lambert (2011) (Few dates)
Changed Tour with Rascal Flatts, Eli Young Band and Edens Edge (2012)
Light the Fuse Tour with Keith Urban and Dustin Lynch (2013)
C2C: Country to Country with Tim McGraw (2013) and Carrie Underwood (2016)
Kill The Lights Tour with Luke Bryan and Dustin Lynch (2015–16)
Personal lives[edit]
Karen Fairchild (born September 28, 1969) (age 48)
Kimberly Roads Schlapman (born October 15, 1969) (age 48)
Jimi Westbrook (born October 20, 1971) (age 46)
Phillip Sweet (born March 18, 1974) (age 43)

Karen Fairchild and Jimi Westbrook married on May 31, 2006, although their marriage was not disclosed until two months later. The couple welcomed their first child, a son (Elijah Dylan Westbrook), on March 5, 2010, in Nashville.
Kimberly Roads married Stephen Schlapman on November 28, 2006,[26] and gave birth to a daughter (Daisy Pearl Schlapman) on July 27, 2007.[27] In January 2017, Schlapman announced that she and her husband adopted a baby girl (Dolly Grace Schlapman). They welcomed her on December 31, 2016.[28] She now goes by her husband's last name, Schlapman.[29] Kimberly was previously married to Steven Roads, who died from a heart attack in 2005. He was also the band's lawyer.[30]
Phillip Sweet married Rebecca Arthur, a business owner and wardrobe stylist, on March 30, 2007. Arthur gave birth to a daughter (Penelopi Jane Sweet) on December 27, 2007, at Baptist Hospital in Nashville.[31]
Musical stylings[edit]
Little Big Town's musical stylings are defined by four-part vocal harmonies. Unlike most vocal groups, Little Big Town does not feature a definitive lead vocalist.[2] Instead, their songs are either led by any one of the four members, or by all four in varying combinations (such as on "Boondocks" and "Life in a Northern Town").
Awards and nominations[edit]
Academy of Country Music Awards (ACM)
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2006 Themselves Top New Vocal Duo/Group Nominated
Top Vocal Group Nominated
2007 Top New Vocal Duo/Group Won
Top Vocal Group Nominated
2008 Nominated
2009 "Life in a Northern Town"(with Sugarland and Jake Owen) Vocal Event of the Year Nominated
Themselves Top Vocal Group Nominated
2010 Nominated
2011 Nominated
2013 "Pontoon" Single of the Year Nominated
Tornado Album of the Year Nominated
"Tornado" Music Video of the Year Won
Themselves Vocal Group of the Year Won
2014 Nominated
2015 Won
Pain Killer Album of the Year Nominated
2016 Themselves Vocal Group of the Year Won
"Girl Crush" Single Record of the Year Nominated
Song of the Year Nominated
Video of the Year Nominated
Smokin' And Drinkin' Vocal Event of the Year (shared with Miranda Lambert) Won
Themselves Crystal Milestone Award Won
2017 Themselves Vocal Group of the Year Won
American Country Awards (ACA)
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2010 "Little White Church" Music Video: Duo or Group Nominated
Single of the Year: Duo or Group Nominated
2012 "Pontoon" Music Video of the Year: Group or Collaboration Won
2013 "Tornado" Nominated
Single of the Year: Duo or Group Nominated
Great American Country – Music Video of the Year Nominated
Themselves Artist of the Year: Duo or Group Nominated
American Country Countdown Awards (ACC)
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2016 "Girl Crush" Digital Song of the Year Won
American Music Awards (AMA)
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2015 Themselves Favorite Duo or Group - Country Nominated
Billboard Music Awards
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2016 "Girl Crush" Top Country Song Nominated
Themselves Billboard Chart Achievement Award Nominated
2017 "Better Man" Top Country Song Nominated
British Country Music Association Awards
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2016 Themselves International Act of the Year Nominated
Country Music Association Awards (CMA)
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2006 Themselves Horizon Award Nominated
Vocal Group of the Year Nominated
2007 Horizon Award Nominated
Vocal Group of the Year Nominated
2008
"Life in a Northern Town"(with Sugarland and Jake Owen) Musical Event of the Year Nominated
2009 Themselves Vocal Group of the Year Nominated
2010 Nominated
2011 Nominated
2012 Won
"Pontoon" Single of the Year Won
Music Video of the Year Nominated
2013 Song of the Year (performer) Nominated
Tornado Album of the Year Nominated
"Tornado" Music Video of the Year Nominated
Themselves Vocal Group of the Year Won
2014 Won
2015 Won
"Girl Crush" Single of the Year Won
Music Video of the Year Nominated
Pain Killer Album of the Year Nominated
"Smokin' and Drinkin'" (with Miranda Lambert) Musical Event of the Year Nominated
2016 Themselves Vocal Group of the Year Won
2017 "Better Man" Single of the Year Pending
Music Video of the Year Pending
The Breaker Album of the Year Pending
Themselves Vocal Group of the Year Pending
CMT Artists of the Year
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2015 Themselves Artist of the Year Won
CMT Music Awards
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2006 "Boondocks" Duo/Group Video of the Year Nominated
2007 "Good as Gone" Group Video of the Year Nominated
2009 "Life in a Northern Town"(with Sugarland and Jake Owen) Collaborative Video of the Year Nominated
CMT Performance of the Year Nominated
2011 "Little White Church" Group Video of the Year Nominated
2012 "Fix You" from Music Builds CMT Performance of the Year Nominated
2013 "Pontoon" Group Video of the Year Nominated
"Tornado" Video of the Year Nominated
2014 "Your Side of the Bed" Group Video of the Year Nominated
2015 "Day Drinking" Group Video of the Year Nominated
2016 "Girl Crush" Group/Duo Video of the Year Won
Video of the Year Nominated
2017 "Better Man" Video of the Year Nominated
Group Video of the Year Won
Daytime Emmy Awards
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2013 "Good Afternoon" Outstanding Original Song Won
Grammy Awards
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2007 The Road to Here Best Country Album Nominated
"Boondocks" Best Country Vocal Performance by a Duo/Group Nominated
2009 "Life in a Northern Town"(with Sugarland and Jake Owen) Best Country Collaboration with Vocals Nominated
2011 "Little White Church" Best Country Performance by a Duo/Group with Vocals Nominated
2013 "Pontoon" Best Country Duo/Group Performance Won
2014 "Your Side Of The Bed" Nominated
2015 "Day Drinking" Nominated
2016[19] "Girl Crush" Won
Pain Killer Best Country Album Nominated
People's Choice Awards
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2016 Themselves Favorite Country Group Nominated
2017 Themselves Favorite Country Group Won
Teen Choice Awards
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result
2011 Themselves Choice Country Group Nominated
2013 Nominated
Television Appearances[edit]
Year
Series
Role
Notes
2006 CMT Crossroads Themselves (with Lindsey Buckingham)
2013-15 CMA Music Festival: Country's Night To Rock Themselves/Host
2014 The Voice Themselves / Adviser Season 7 Battle Round with Team Blake
2016 Themselves Season 10 Finale Result
Greatest Hits Themselves
2017 Sesame Street Themselves Season 47, Episode 17
2017 The Voice Themselves Season 12 finale performance
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Mansfield, Brian (2006-10-22). "Success no longer on Town's outskirts". USA Today. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ruhlmann, William. "Little Big Town biography". Allmusic. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
Jump up ^ Can't Back Down (CD insert). Collin Raye. Epic Records. 2001. 85794.
Jump up ^ Konicki Dinoia, Maria. "Followin' a Feelin'". Allmusic. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Thom Jurek. "Freedom's Road - John Mellencamp - Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Little Big Town Signs With Capitol Nashville". Billboard. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Little Big Town". 2009-02-08. Archived from the original on 2009-02-08. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
Jump up ^ "55th Annual GRAMMY Award Winners". GRAMMY Awards. Archived from the original on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "Little Big Town Wraps Up 2012 With Performance On The Season Finale Of The X-Factor". littlebigtown.com. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tim McGraw, Carrie Underwood Set to Headline London’s First-Ever Country to Country Music Festival". Taste of Country. 10 December 2012. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Stephen L. Betts (March 5, 2013). "Ashley Monroe, 'Like a Rose' Album Is Thorns-and-All Approach to Country Music (Exclusive Interview)". The Boot. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Miranda Lambert Sets ACM Record With 5 Consecutive Female Vocalist Of The Year Wins". Sony Music Nashville. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Reuter, Annie. "Listen: Little Big Town Put in Competition for Country Summer Jam with ‘Day Drinking’". Radio.com. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "R&R: Going for Adds: Country: June 9, 2014". Radio & Records. Archived from the original on June 7, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived 2014-07-29 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Little Big Town to Join the Grand Ole Opry". Country Weekly. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Yahr, Emily (March 25, 2015). "Why stations are pulling Little Big Town’s ‘Girl Crush’ — and what that says about country radio". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stark, Phyllis (March 27, 2015). "Controversy Over Little Big Town's 'Girl Crush' & Its 'Lesbian Theme' Is Mostly Fabricated". Billboard. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Dave Paulson, Cindy Watts. "Grammy nominees: Taylor Swift, Chris Stapleton, Little Big Town more". Tennessean. Gannett. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bell, Rebekah (May 5, 2015). "Little Big Town to Release a Christmas Album This Winter". Taste of Country. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Willman, Chris (May 24, 2016). "Little Big Town Explains Their Happy Hookup With Pharrell for Surprise Album 'Wanderlust'". Billboard. Billboard.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Eliza (September 16, 2016). "30 Country Music Stars Join Forces for Historic CMA Music Video, 'Forever Country' - ABC News". abcnews.go.com. Retrieved January 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.entertainment-focus.com/music-section/ef-country/little-big-town-announce-uk-tour-dates/
Jump up ^ http://www.nashcountrydaily.com/2017/09/20/little-big-town-announces-2018-the-breakers-tour-with-kacey-musgraves-midland/
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/littlebigtown/status/916066058167046145
Jump up ^ "Little Big Town's Kimberly Roads Weds". Great American Country. 2006-12-07. Archived from the original on 2013-01-23. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
Jump up ^ "It's a Girl for LBT's Kimberly Roads!". Great American Country. 2007-07-30. Archived from the original on 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2007-12-16.
Jump up ^ Watts, Cindy (January 12, 2016). "Surprise! Little Big Town's Kimberly Schlapman introduces new baby". Tennessean. Gannett. Retrieved January 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Alan Sculley. "Little Big Town keeps sound from 'The Road to Here'". CCCT. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Gayle (June 23, 2015). "Little Big Town Thought Their Career Was Over After the Death of Kimberly Schlapman’s First Husband". The Boot. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
Jump up ^ Kristin Boehm (2008-01-03). "Little Big Town's Phillip & Rebecca Sweet Have a Daughter". People.com. Retrieved 2017-03-31.
External links[edit]
Official website
[show]
v
t
e
Little Big Town
Studio albums
Little Big Town
The Road to Here
A Place to Land
The Reason Why
Tornado
Pain Killer
Wanderlust
The Breaker
Notable singles
"Don't Waste My Time"
"Boondocks"
"Bring It On Home"
"Good as Gone"
"A Little More You"
"I'm with the Band"
"Fine Line"
"Little White Church"
"Pontoon"
"Tornado"
"Your Side of the Bed"
"Sober"
"Day Drinking"
"Girl Crush"
"Pain Killer"
"Better Man"
"Happy People"
Guest singles
"Smokin' and Drinkin'" (with Miranda Lambert)
Karen Fairchild's Guest singles
"Home Alone Tonight" (with Luke Bryan)
Other songs
"Go Tell It on the Mountain"
"Life in a Northern Town" (with Sugarland and Jake Owen)
Related articles
Discography
[show]
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e
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Trace Adkins
David "Stringbean" Akeman
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Jack Anglin
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Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 168357857
ISNI: 0000 0001 2301 717X
SUDOC: 15836158X
BNF: cb16244474s (data)
MusicBrainz: 76e78b58-f301-4975-8058-7f84d8360738
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Little_Big_Town&oldid=807094136"
Categories:
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