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Field goal
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This article is about field goals in gridiron football. For field goals in rugby league and rugby union, see Field goal (rugby). For field goals in basketball, see Field goal (basketball).
Execution of a field goal.
A field goal (FG) is a means of scoring in American football and Canadian football. To score a field goal the team in possession of the ball must place kick, or drop kick, the ball through the goal, i.e., between the uprights and over the crossbar. American football requires that a field goal must only come during a play from scrimmage, while Canadian football retains open field kicks and thus field goals may be scored at any time from anywhere on the field and by any player. The vast majority of field goals, in both codes, are placed kicked. Drop kicked field goals were common in the early days of Gridiron football but are almost never done in modern times. In most leagues, a successful field goal awards three points (a notable exception is in six-man football where, due to the difficulty of making a successful field goal because of the small number of players available to stop the opposing team from attempting a block, a field goal is worth four points).
A field goal may also be scored through a fair catch kick, but this is extremely rare. Since a field goal is worth only three points, as opposed to a touchdown, which is worth six points, it is usually only attempted in specific situations (see Strategy).
The goal structure consists of a horizontal crossbar suspended 10 feet (3.0 m) above the ground, with two vertical goalposts 18 feet 6 inches (5.64 m) apart extending vertically from each end of the crossbar.[1] In American football the goals are centered on each end line; in Canadian football the goals are centered on each goal line.
Contents
[hide]
1 Strategy
2 How field goals are kicked
3 Successful field goals
4 Missed field goals
5 Blocked field goals
6 History
7 Longest field goal records
7.1 NFL
7.2 CFL
7.3 College football
7.4 U Sports
7.5 High school
7.6 Independent amateur
7.7 Independent Women's Football League
8 Longest missed field goal return records
8.1 NFL
8.2 CFL
8.3 NCAA
8.4 U Sports
9 References
10 External links
Strategy[edit]
As a field goal is worth only three points, while a touchdown scores at least six (which usually becomes seven with a successful conversion, and potentially 8 with a two-point conversion), teams will generally attempt a field goal only in the following situations:
It is fourth down (third down in Canadian rules), especially if the offense is more than a yard or two from a new first down, and within about 45 yards of the goal posts.
In the first half, there is enough time remaining to execute only one more play.
In the second half, there is enough time remaining to execute only one more play, and the team on offense needs three points to win or tie (four points in a few leagues given special circumstances).
The game is in overtime, and a FG is the quickest, easiest, and least risky way to end the match.
Except in desperate situations, a team will generally attempt field goals only when keeping a drive alive is unlikely, and its kicker has a significant chance of success, as a missed field goal results in a turnover at the spot of the kick (in the NFL) or at the line of scrimmage (in the NCAA). In American high school rules and Canadian football, where a missed field goal is treated the same as a punt, most teams still opt not to attempt field goals from very long range since field goal formations are not conducive to covering kick returns. Even under ideal conditions, the best professional kickers historically had difficulty making kicks longer than 50 yards consistently (the NFL record is 64 yards and the CFL record, 62 yards).[2] If a team chooses not to attempt a field goal on their last down, they can punt to the other team. A punt cannot score any points in American football unless the receiving team touches the ball first and the kicking team recovers it (though it can result in a single in Canadian football), but it may push the other team back toward its own end.
The longest field goal kick in NFL history is 64 yards, a record set by Matt Prater on December 8, 2013. The previous record was 63, originally set by Tom Dempsey and then matched by Jason Elam, Sebastian Janikowski, and David Akers. High school, college and most professional football leagues offer only a three-point field goal; however, some professional leagues have encouraged more rare kicks through four-point field goals. NFL Europe encouraged long field goals of 50 yards or more by making those worth four points instead of three (much like Australian rules' Super Goal or basketball's three-point line), a rule since adopted by the Stars Football League. Similarly, the sport of arena football sought (unsuccessfully) to repopularize the drop kick by making that worth four points; it failed, since only one kicker (Brian Mitchell) was able to do it with any semblance of proficiency. (In six-man football, where there is no offensive line, all field goals are worth four points instead of the usual three.)
The overall field goal percentage during the 2010 NFL season was 82.3. In comparison, Jan Stenerud, one of only two pure kickers in the Pro Football Hall of Fame (along with Ray Guy), had a career field goal percentage of 66.8 from 1967 to 1985.[2]
How field goals are kicked[edit]
Play media
Video of a successful field goal try.
When a team decides to attempt a field goal, it will generally line up in a very tight formation, with all but two players lined up along or near the line of scrimmage: the placekicker and the holder. The holder is usually the team's punter or backup quarterback.[citation needed] Instead of the regular center, a team may have a dedicated long snapper trained especially to snap the ball on placekick attempts and punts.
The holder usually lines up seven to eight yards behind the line of scrimmage, with the kicker a few yards behind him. Upon receiving the snap, the holder holds the ball against the ground vertically, with the stitches away from the kicker. The kicker begins his approach during the snap, so the snapper and holder have little margin for error. A split-second mistake can disrupt the entire attempt.
Texas A&M attempts to kick a field goal against the Citadel in 2006.
The measurement of a field goal's distance is from the goalpost to the point where the ball was positioned for the kick by the holder. In American football, where the goalpost is located at the back of the end zone (above the end line), the ten yards of the end zone are added to the yard line distance at the spot of the hold.
In the early days of the sport, placekickers approached the ball straight on, with the toe making first contact with the ball. The technique of kicking the ball "soccer-style", by approaching the ball at an angle and kicking it with the instep, was introduced by kicker Pete Gogolak in the 1960s.[3] The Hungarian-born Gogolak, reflecting his roots in European soccer, observed that kicking the ball at an angle could cover more distance than kicking straight on.
Successful field goals[edit]
If there is any time left in the half, the method of resuming play after a successful field goal varies between leagues.
National Football League
The scored-against team receives a kickoff.[4]
National Collegiate Athletic Association
The scored-against team receives a kickoff.[5]
National Federation of High Schools
The scored-against team can choose to either receive a kickoff or kick off themselves. (In practice, almost all choose to receive.)
Canadian Football League
The scored-against team may elect to either kick off, receive a kickoff, or scrimmage from the 35-yard line. The option of scrimmaging from the 35 yard line was eliminated for the 2009 CFL season, but the change proved unpopular and was reversed the following year.
Football Canada
The scored-against team may elect to scrimmage the ball at its own 35-yard line, kick off from its own 35-yard line, or require the scoring team to kick off from its 45-yard line.[6]
Missed field goals[edit]
A missed field goal is said to be "no good" if the kicked ball does not cross between the uprights and/or over the crossbar of the goal posts. If it misses to the posts' left it may be called "wide left" and "wide right" if it misses to the posts' right. A field goal attempt may be described as "short" if it does not have sufficient distance to go over the cross bar. Some commentators will only describe a field goal attempt as being short if it appears to have been aimed correctly while others will describe an attempt appearing to lack both accuracy and distance as being both wide and short.
If a field goal attempt is missed and does not go out of bounds, a defensive player may catch the ball and return it, like a punt or kickoff. This type of play usually occurs during an extremely long field goal attempt due to the distance the defense must travel to reach the returner. If there is a significant likelihood of a miss and the strategic game situation warrants it, the defense places a player downfield, in or near their end zone, to catch the ball. The risk in this is that the return man may be tackled deep in his own territory, at a considerably worse position than he could have gotten by letting the ball go dead (see below); furthermore, should the returner fumble the ball, the kicking team can recover it and gain a new set of downs (the advantage is that the kicking team is lined up very close together to stop kick blockers, and not spread across the field like a kickoff or punt team, and is therefore in poor position to defend the return). Thus, teams will usually return a kick only towards the end of a half (when the kick will be the final play) or in a particularly desperate situation.
If a ball caroms off one of the goal posts or the crossbar, but lands in the field of play, the ball is considered dead and cannot be returned. (This is not the case in arena football, where large "rebound nets" surround the goal posts for the explicit purpose of keeping the ball in play.) However, if the ball caroms off one of the goal posts or the crossbar and continues into the goal, the score counts.
Situations where the defense does not return a missed field goal vary between leagues and levels of play:
National Football League
Missed field goals attempted from the defending team's 20-yard line or closer result in the defense taking possession at their 20-yard line. Missed field goals attempted from behind the 20-yard line result in the opposing team taking possession at the spot of the kick. (Until 1994, the opposing team would take possession at the line of scrimmage, unless the kick was attempted from inside the 20-yard line, in which case the opposing team would take possession at the 20-yard line.)
NCAA
The opposing team takes possession at the line of scrimmage rather than at the spot of the kick. If the line of scrimmage is inside the 20-yard line, the opposing team takes possession at the 20.[citation needed]
High school
Under NFHS (high school) rules, a field goal attempt is no different from any other scrimmage kick (punt, drop kick). If the field goal attempt is no good and enters the end zone it is a touchback. If the ball becomes dead on the field the defensive team will next put the ball in play from that point. If a field goal is blocked behind the line of scrimmage either team may pick it up and return it (see below).
Canadian football
If the defense does not return a missed field goal out of the end zone, or if a missed field goal attempt goes out the back of end zone, then the kicking team scores a single point. This sometimes results in the team on defense stationing their punter behind the goal posts to punt the ball out of the end zone, in case of a missed field-goal attempt, to preserve a victory or tie. Also, a missed field goal may be played by any onside player on the kicking team, (onside players being the kicker and anyone behind him at the time of the kick). It is risky to have anyone positioned behind the kicker when the ball is being kicked since those player(s) would be unable to help prevent the defending players from blocking the kick; however, on occasion teams might intentionally miss a field goal in hope of recovering the ball in the end zone for a touchdown. Returning a missed field goal is much more likely in Canadian football than in American rules for a few reasons. First, since the goal posts are on the goal line in front of a 20-yard end zone (rather than at the back of a 10-yard end zone), a missed field goal is much less likely to go out of bounds while in the air. Also, not returning the ball out of the end zone results in the defense conceding a single point, which may be crucial in a close game. Moreover, the wider field of the Canadian game makes the average return longer (in terms of yardage). However, many Canadian football coaches judge that conceding a single and taking possession at the 35-yard line is preferable to returning a missed field goal and avoiding a single at the cost of poor field position.
Blocked field goals[edit]
The San Francisco 49ers block a field goal attempt by Philadelphia Eagles kicker David Akers on October 12, 2008, and return it for a touchdown.
The Fresno State Bulldogs block a Texas A&M field goal attempt.
Occasionally, the defense will succeed in blocking a field goal. If a blocked field goal is in or behind the neutral zone, it is treated like a fumble and can be advanced by either team. Beyond the neutral zone, a blocked kick is treated like a punt and can be advanced only by the defense, unless a defensive player fumbles the ball, after which an offensive player can advance it.
History[edit]
In the early days of football, kicking was highly emphasized. In 1883, the scoring system was devised, with field goals counting for 5 points, and touchdowns and conversions worth 4 apiece. In 1897, the touchdown was raised to 5 points while the conversion was lowered to 1 point. Field goals were devalued to 4 points in 1904, and then to the modern 3 points in 1909. The touchdown was changed to 6 points in 1912 in American football; the Canadian game followed suit in 1956.
The spot of the conversion has also changed through the years. In 1924, NCAA rules spotted the conversion at the 3-yard line, before moving it back to the 5-yard line in 1925. In 1929, the spot was moved up to the 2-yard line, which the NFL had done until 2014. In 1968, the NCAA diverged from the NFL rules in moving the spot back to the original 3-yard line. Canadian rules originally spotted the conversion at the 5-yard line, which remains closer than in the American code as the goalposts are at the front of the end zone. In 2015, to make conversion kicks harder, the NFL and CFL moved the spot of the kick to the 15 and 25-yard lines, respectively. In addition, the CFL moved the spot for a two-point conversion up to the 3-yard line to entice more teams to go for 2 points as opposed to one.
The goalposts were originally located on the goal line; this led to many injuries and sometimes interfered with play. The NCAA moved the goal posts to the rear of the end zone in 1927. The NFL (still following NCAA rules at the time) followed suit, but moved the posts back to the goal line starting in the 1932 NFL Playoff Game, a change made necessary by the size of the indoor Chicago Stadium and kept when the NFL rules stopped mirroring the NCAA rules in 1933. The NFL kept the post at the goal line until 1974, when they were moved back to the rear of the end zone. This was partly a result of the narrowed hashmark distance made in 1972, which had made for easier field-goal angles. The Canadian game still has posts on the goal line.
The width of the goalposts and the hashmarks have also varied throughout the years. In 1959, the NCAA goalposts were widened to 23 feet 4 inches (7.11 m), the standard width for high school posts today. In 1991, the college goalposts were reduced in width to 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m), matching the NFL. For the 1991 and 1992 seasons, this meant potentially severe angles for short field goal attempts, since the hashmark width remained at 53 ft 4 in (16.26 m). In 1993, the NCAA narrowed the distance between the hashmarks to 40 ft (12.19 m), matching what was the width of hashmarks in the NFL from 1945 through 1971; the NFL narrowed the hashmarks in 1972 to goalpost width at 18.5 feet (5.64 m). In the CFL, the hashmarks are 51 feet (16 m), but the field is 195 feet (59 m) in width, 35 feet (11 m) wider than the American field.
The NFL increased the height of the uprights above the crossbar to 20 feet (6.10 m) in 1966 and 30 feet (9.14 m) in 1974. In 2014, they were raised five feet to 35 feet (10.67 m) after the adoption of a proposal by New England Patriots head coach Bill Belichick.[7]
The "slingshot" goalpost, with a single post curving to support the crossbar, was invented by Jim Trimble and Joel Rottman in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.[8] The first were built by Alcan and displayed at Expo 67,[8][9] the World's fair in Montreal. The NFL had standardized the goalposts in 1966 and adopted the slingshot for the 1967 season;[8] the NCAA later adopted the same rule, but later allowed the use of "offset" goalposts, with two posts rather than one (which were the norm prior to the invention of the "slingshot" goalposts). The CFL was the first league to use the new goalposts; they made their debut in the 2nd game of the CFL's Eastern Conference final in 1966 (which was played at Montreal's Autostade as Landsdowne Park [now TD Place Stadium], the home of Ottawa Rough Riders, was undergoing renovations), and were used in the Grey Cup the next week at Vancouver's Empire Stadium. Three schools in Division I FBS currently use dual-support posts: Florida State, LSU, and Washington State. A special exemption was allowed by the NFL for the New Orleans Saints to use the offset goalposts during the 2005 season, when they used LSU's stadium for home games after Hurricane Katrina.
Goalposts at the professional level today are sometimes equipped with a camera mounted to the stanchion immediately behind the center of the crossbar. Since these cameras are both above and slightly behind the crossbar, a field goal attempt will be judged good if it strikes this equipment.
In 1989, the NCAA banned the kicking tee for field goals and extra points, requiring kicks from the ground.[10][11]
During the 2011 NFL season, a record 90 field goals of 50 yards or longer were made.[12] In 2012, this record was increased to 92 field goals of 50 yards or longer.[12]
Longest field goal records[edit]
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As recorded in Guinness World Records:
The record for a field goal at any level is 69 yards. It was kicked by Ove Johansson of the Abilene Christian University Wildcats in the 1976 game against East Texas State University Lions (now Texas A&M University–Commerce) in Shotwell Stadium, Abilene, Texas.[13]
NFL[edit]
The longest field goal made was 64 yards by Matt Prater of the Denver Broncos on December 8, 2013.[14] The longest field goal attempt in an NFL game was 76 yards by Sebastian Janikowski on September 28, 2008.[15]
In the history of the NFL regular season, only 18 field goals have been made from at least 60 yards:[16]
Distance
Kicker
Team
Result
Opposition
Date
Notes
Location
Elevation
Weather
64 yards Matt Prater Denver Broncos 51–28 Tennessee Titans December 8, 2013 End of 1st half Sports Authority Field at Mile High 5,280 ft (1,610 m) 13 °F; Sunny; Wind: S at 3 mph; Humidity: 72%
63 yards Tom Dempsey New Orleans Saints 19–17 Detroit Lions November 8, 1970 Born with a stub for a right foot. Game-winning kick as time expired. Detroit kicker Errol Mann had kicked a field goal with :08 remaining to give Lions the lead. Tulane Stadium 16 ft (4.9 m)
63 yards Jason Elam Denver Broncos 37–24 Jacksonville Jaguars October 25, 1998 First field goal to tie record; soccer-style kicker Mile High Stadium 5,280 ft (1,610 m)
63 yards Sebastian Janikowski Oakland Raiders 23–20 Denver Broncos September 12, 2011 Left-footed Sports Authority Field at Mile High 5,280 ft (1,610 m) Light rain early
63 yards David Akers San Francisco 49ers 30–22 Green Bay Packers September 9, 2012 Left-footed; end of first half; ball bounced off crossbar before crossing the plane Lambeau Field 640 ft (200 m) 70 °F; Mostly Cloudy; Wind: N at 7 mph; Humidity: 43%
62 yards Matt Bryant Tampa Bay Buccaneers 23–21 Philadelphia Eagles October 22, 2006 Game-winning kick as time expired Raymond James Stadium 35 ft (11 m)
62 yards Stephen Gostkowski New England Patriots 33–8 Oakland Raiders November 19, 2017 Right-footed; kicked as time expired at the end of the first half Azteca Stadium 7,280 ft (2,220 m) 63 °F; Mostly Cloudy
61 yards Sebastian Janikowski Oakland Raiders 9–23 Cleveland Browns December 27, 2009 Left-footed FirstEnergy Stadium 580 ft (180 m)
61 yards Jay Feely Arizona Cardinals 16–19 (OT) Buffalo Bills October 14, 2012 Right-footed; longest game-tying field goal with 1:09 remaining in the 4th quarter, missed a 38-yard field goal that would have won the game at the end of regulation University of Phoenix Stadium 1,150 ft (350 m) Retractable roof closed
61 yards Justin Tucker Baltimore Ravens 18–16 Detroit Lions December 16, 2013 Right-footed; game-winning field goal with 43 seconds remaining; sixth field goal of the game Ford Field 601 ft (183 m)[17] Dome
61 yards Greg Zuerlein St. Louis Rams 18–21 (OT) Minnesota Vikings November 8, 2015 Right-footed TCF Bank Stadium 869 ft (265 m) 58 °F (14 °C); sunny
61 yards Jake Elliott Philadelphia Eagles 27–24 New York Giants September 24, 2017 Right-footed; game winning kick as time expired. Second game of NFL career. NFL rookie record for longest made field goal. Lincoln Financial Field 39 ft (12 m) 91 °F (33 °C); sunny
60 yards Steve Cox Cleveland Browns 9–12 Cincinnati Bengals October 21, 1984 Straight-ahead kick; on AstroTurf Riverfront Stadium 490 ft (150 m)
60 yards Morten Andersen New Orleans Saints 17–20 Chicago Bears October 27, 1991 Left-footed; on AstroTurf; first 60-yard kick done indoors Louisiana Superdome Sea level Dome
60 yards Rob Bironas Tennessee Titans 20–17 Indianapolis Colts December 3, 2006 Right-footed; game winner with six seconds remaining LP Field 400 ft (120 m)
60 yards Dan Carpenter Miami Dolphins 10–13 Cleveland Browns December 5, 2010 End of 1st half Sun Life Stadium 5 ft (1.5 m) 77 °F (25 °C), wind SW at 14 mph (23 km/h)
60 yards Greg Zuerlein St. Louis Rams 19–13 Seattle Seahawks September 30, 2012 In his rookie season; longest field goal in third quarter; also kicked a 58-yard field goal in the first quarter Edward Jones Dome 466 ft (142 m) Dome
60 yards Chandler Catanzaro Arizona Cardinals 18–33 Buffalo Bills September 25, 2016 Longest field goal in career New Era Field 600 ft (180 m)
Prior to Dempsey's 1970 kick, the longest field goal in NFL history was a 56-yard field goal by Bert Rechichar in 1953. A 55-yard field goal, achieved by a drop kick, was recorded by Paddy Driscoll in 1924, and stood as the unofficial record until that point; some sources indicate a 54-yarder by Glenn Presnell in 1934 as the record, due to the inability to precisely verify Driscoll's 55-yarder.
In a pre-season NFL game between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks on August 29, 2002, Ola Kimrin kicked a 65-yard field goal.[18] However, because pre-season games are not counted toward official records, this accomplishment is not the official record.
CFL[edit]
62 yards, Paul McCallum, Saskatchewan Roughriders vs. Edmonton Eskimos, October 27, 2001[19]
60 yards, Dave Ridgway, Saskatchewan Roughriders vs. Winnipeg Blue Bombers, September 6, 1987[19]
College football[edit]
69 yards, Ove Johansson, Abilene Christian vs. East Texas State on October 16, 1976. (NAIA)
67 yards, Tom Odle, Fort Hays State vs. Washburn, 1988. (NCAA)
67 yards, Joe Williams, Wichita State vs. Southern Illinois, 1978. (NCAA Division I)
67 yards, Russell Erxleben, Texas vs. Rice, 1977. (NCAA Division I)
67 yards, Steve Little, Arkansas vs. Texas, 1977.[20] (NCAA Division I)
65 yards, J. T. Haxall, Princeton vs. Yale, 1882.
All of the above kicks were successful with the use of a kicking tee, which was banned by the NCAA after the 1988 season.
65 yards, Martin Gramatica, Kansas State vs. Northern Illinois, 1998 - without a tee [21]
The longest known drop-kicked field goal in college football was a 62-yard kick from Pat O'Dea, an Australian kicker who played on the Wisconsin Badgers football team. O'Dea's kick took place in a blizzard against Northwestern on November 15, 1898.[22]
U Sports[edit]
The longest field goal in U Sports football history is 59 yards, by Niko Difonte of Calgary Dinos, playing against the UBC Thunderbirds on November 11, 2017. The field goal was the final and winning play of the 81st Hardy Cup.[23][24]
High school[edit]
68 yards, Dirk Borgognone, Reno High School vs. Sparks High School (Nevada), September 27, 1985[25][26]
67 yards, Austin Rehkow, Central Valley High School (Spokane Valley, Washington) vs. Shadle Park High School (Spokane, Washington), October 18, 2012, game-tying FG with :02 left in 4th quarter (CV would go on to win 62-55). [27][28] (tied with two others)
62 yards, David Rosenbaum, Woodrow Wilson High School (Washington, D.C.) vs. Spingarn High School, October 3, 2003. While no records are kept, considered to be the longest extra point scored. Penalties due to excessive celebration, unsportsmanlike conduct, and taunting.[29]
Independent amateur[edit]
68 yards, Fabrizio Scaccia, Treasure Coast Bobcats (FL), March 29, 2009[30] (world record for a kick without the aid of a tee, which was banned for field goal and extra point attempts in the NCAA in 1989)
Independent Women's Football League[edit]
44 yards, Sarah Oliver, California Quake vs. New Mexico Menace, April 26, 2008.[31]
Longest missed field goal return records[edit]
NFL[edit]
Field goal returns are rare in the NFL, since an attempt with sufficient distance that misses the uprights will automatically be dead. Returns are possible when a field goal is short, but in that case returners will usually down the ball so as to scrimmage from the spot of the kick. Normally, a return will only be attempted when there is not enough time left in the half to run a play from scrimmage. Nevertheless, four field goals have been returned for at least 107 yards in the 21st century:
Distance returned
Returner
Team
Opposing kicker
Opposing team
Distance attempted
Date
Location
109 yards[32] Antonio Cromartie San Diego Chargers Ryan Longwell Minnesota Vikings 58 yards November 4, 2007 Metrodome
108 yards[33] Devin Hester Chicago Bears Jay Feely New York Giants 52 yards November 12, 2006 Giants Stadium
108 yards[34] Nathan Vasher Chicago Bears Joe Nedney San Francisco 49ers 52 yards November 13, 2005 Soldier Field
107 yards[35] Chris McAlister Baltimore Ravens Jason Elam Denver Broncos 57 yards September 30, 2002 Ravens Stadium
CFL[edit]
Because the goalposts in Canadian football are on the goal line, and because downing the ball in the end zone results in the kicking team scoring a single point, field goal returns are much more common. The longest missed field goal return in the CFL is 131 total yards. Against the Montreal Alouettes on August 22, 1958, the Toronto Argonauts' Boyd Carter ran 15 yards, then threw a lateral to Dave Mann, who then returned it for the final 116 yards.[36] This return, which started 21 yards behind the goal line, was during the era of 25-yard end zones (which made the maximum theoretical missed field return distance 134 yards in those days) and therefore cannot be met or exceeded on the modern field with 20-yard end zones. Since the shortening of the end zones in the CFL in 1986, a field goal has been returned for the maximum 129 yards on two occasions: by Tristan Jackson of the Saskatchewan Roughriders on July 14, 2012 [37] and by Trent Guy of the Montreal Alouettes on September 23, 2012.[38]
NCAA[edit]
In NCAA college football, only five missed field goals returns for touchdowns have ever been returned 100 yards or more:[39]
September 17, 1966: Don Guest (California Golden Bears), 108-yard return for a touchdown after a failed 47-yard field goal attempt by Washington State.[39]
September 28, 1968: Richie Luzzi (Clemson Tigers), 108-yard return for a touchdown after a failed 47-yard field goal attempt by Georgia.[40]
September 7, 2013: Odell Beckham Jr. (LSU Tigers), 109-yard return for a touchdown after a failed 59-yard field goal attempt by UAB.[39]
November 30, 2013: Chris Davis, Jr. (Auburn Tigers), 109-yard return for a touchdown after what would have been a tie-breaking 57-yard field goal attempt by Alabama fell short as time expired, what some writers and fans call the greatest play in college football history.[41][42][43][44]
September 3, 2016: Brandon Wilson (Houston Cougars), 109-yard return for a touchdown after a failed 53-yard field goal attempt by Oklahoma.[45]
U Sports[edit]
In U Sports football, like in the CFL, the longest possible missed field goal return is 129 yards, and this has occurred three times.[24]
Jeremy Botelho of the Manitoba Bisons playing against the Simon Fraser Clansmen on September 11, 2009
Jedd Gardner of the Guelph Gryphons playing against the McMaster Marauders on October 8, 2010
Tunde Adeleke of the Carleton Ravens playing against the Ottawa Gee-Gees on October 5, 2013
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Jump up ^ "Faces in the Crowd." Sports Illustrated (April 20, 2009).
Jump up ^ Catherine B Vivo (2008-05-02), Quake - #81 Sarah "Ollie" Oliver Field Goal Record 04-26-08, retrieved 2016-11-16
Jump up ^ "San Diego's Cromartie sets NFL record with 109-yard FG return". Associated Press. Archived from the original on February 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Hester's record return pushes Bears past sleeping Giants". Associated Press. ESPN. November 12, 2006. Retrieved December 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Vasher's 108-yard return lifts Bears over 49ers". Associated Press. ESPN. November 13, 2005. Retrieved December 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ravens beat Broncos in every way possible". Associated Press. ESPN. September 30, 2002. Retrieved December 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 13, 2015. Retrieved 2015-05-13.
Jump up ^ http://cfl.ca/video/index/id/76119
Jump up ^ http://cfl.ca/article/hes-the-guy-129-yard-touchdown-seals-win-for-als
^ Jump up to: a b c "How rare is missed field goal returned for touchdown?". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. December 2, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ Low, Chris (August 1, 2011). "Yards to Glory, SEC version". ESPN. Retrieved December 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bacon, John (December 2, 2013). "Auburn-Alabama: The Greatest Play in College Football History?". Here&Now. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Vaccaro, Mike (November 30, 2013). "Auburn-Alabama is greatest ending in sports history". New York Post. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ DeMarchi, John (December 2, 2013). "Is the 2013 Iron Bowl (Alabama vs. Auburn) the Most Dramatic Finish to a Football Game of All-Time?". Huffington Post. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lupica, Mike (December 1, 2013). "End of Auburn vs. Alabama is one second in college football that will be talked about forever". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Oklahoma vs. Houston - Play-By-Play - September 3, 2016 - ESPN". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2016-09-05.
External links[edit]
Official NFL Field Goal Records
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Parks and Recreation (season 6)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Parks and Recreation (season 6)
Region 1 DVD cover art
Starring
Amy Poehler
Rashida Jones
Aziz Ansari
Nick Offerman
Aubrey Plaza
Chris Pratt
Adam Scott
Rob Lowe
Jim O'Heir
Retta
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
22
Release
Original network
NBC
Original release
September 26, 2013 (2013-09-26) – April 24, 2014 (2014-04-24)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 5
Next →
Season 7
List of Parks and Recreation episodes
The sixth season of Parks and Recreation originally aired in the United States on the NBC television network, from September 26, 2013 with an hour long premiere, and concluded on April 24, 2014 with an hour-long finale.[1] It premiered in its new Thursday 8:00 pm timeslot.[2] This season consisted of 22 episodes.[1] The show moved to Thursdays at 8:30 pm beginning with its 100th episode.[3]
Much like the other seasons, Season 6 followed Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler) and her co-workers in local government of fictional Indiana town, Pawnee. The season chronicled Leslie facing the recall vote from City Council, Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones) and Chris Traeger (Rob Lowe)'s move to Michigan to start their family, Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt)'s career in London, and the city merger of Eagleton and Pawnee, resulting in the Unity Concert organized by Leslie.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
1.3 Guest stars
2 Production
3 Episodes
4 References
5 External links
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Amy Poehler as Leslie Knope, the councilwoman for the town of Pawnee who loves her home town. She has not let politics dampen her optimism; her ultimate goal is to become President of the United States.[4] Poehler departed from the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live, where she was a cast member for nearly seven years, to star in Parks and Recreation.[5][6] It was only after she was cast that Daniels and Schur established the general concept of the show and the script for the pilot was written.[7]
Rashida Jones as Ann Perkins, a nurse and political outsider who gradually becomes more involved in Pawnee government through her friendship with Leslie. Jones was among the first to be cast by Daniels and Schur in 2008, when the series was still being considered as a spin-off to The Office, where Jones had played Jim Halpert's girlfriend Karen Filippelli.[7][8]
Aziz Ansari as Tom Haverford, Leslie's sarcastic and underachieving subordinate,[9] who eventually begins to consider leaving his city hall job to pursue his own entrepreneurial interests.[10] As with Jones, Daniels and Schur had intended to cast Ansari from the earliest stages of the development of Parks and Recreation.[7][8]
Nick Offerman as Ron Swanson, the deadpan parks and recreation director who, as a libertarian, believes in as small a government as possible. As such, Ron strives to make his department as ineffective as possible, and favors hiring employees who do not care about their jobs or are poor at them.[9] Nevertheless, Ron consistently demonstrates that he secretly cares deeply about his fellow co-workers.[11]
Aubrey Plaza as April Ludgate, a cynical and uninterested parks department intern who eventually becomes the perfect assistant for Ron.[12] The role was written specifically for Plaza; after meeting her, casting director Allison Jones told Schur, "I just met the weirdest girl I've ever met in my life. You have to meet her and put her on your show."
Chris Pratt as Andy Dwyer, a goofy and dim-witted but lovable slacker. Pratt was originally intended to be a guest star and the character Andy was initially meant to appear only in the first season, but the producers liked Pratt so much that, almost immediately after casting him, they decided to make him a regular cast member starting with season two.[13]
Adam Scott as Ben Wyatt, Leslie's husband, a competent but socially awkward government official trying to redeem his past as a failed mayor in his youth.[14] Scott left his starring role on the Starz comedy series Party Down to join the show.[15]
Rob Lowe as Chris Traeger, an excessively positive and extremely health-conscious government official.[16] Unlike Scott, Lowe was originally expected to depart after a string of guest appearances,[17][18] but later signed a multi-year contract to become a regular cast member.[18][19]
Jim O'Heir as Jerry Gergich, a sweet-natured but painfully incompetent longtime city employee who is the main target of the office petty unkindness, yet enjoys his life as the husband of a gorgeous woman and the father of three beautiful daughters. He reached retirement with a full pension in season 5, but returned to the Parks office to work as an intern. As of season six, the other characters have taken to calling him "Larry Gengurch," after accidentally calling himself that name.
Retta as Donna Meagle, the confident and competent office manager for the Pawnee Parks and Recreation Department. She is now accepting of her coworkers, previously dismissing them as boring. She has little tolerance for stupidity, can sometimes be selfish, enjoys casual dating, and is irresistible to many men. Donna loves her car, a Mercedes-Benz M-Class SUV.
Recurring[edit]
John Balma as Barney Varmn, an incredibly boring accountant. He regularly attempts to hire Ben as an employee.
Alison Becker as Shauna Malwae-Tweep, a newspaper journalist working for The Pawnee Journal.
Kristen Bell as Ingrid de Forest, an elitist city councilwoman from Eagleton.
Lucy Lawless as Diane Lewis, a middle school vice-principal and Ron's wife.
Richard Burch as Herman Lerpiss, the owner of the Pawnee Pawn Shop.
Andrew Burlinson as Wyatt "Burly" Burlison, the lead guitarist of Andy's band "Mouse Rat".
Mo Collins as Joan Callamezzo, a tabloid journalist and hostess of the local news/talk show Pawnee Today.
Billy Eichner as Craig Middlebrooks, the former office manager of Eagleton's parks department. After the Pawnee-Eagleton city merger, he is brought into the Pawnee parks department as the "associate administrator", and forms a strong friendship with Donna.
Sydney Endicott as Madison, a young intern at the parks department.
Mary Faber as Kathryn Pinewood, a representative for the Pawnee Restaurant Association.
Andy Forrest as Kyle, a government employee who is constantly ridiculed by Andy.
Jon Glaser as Councilman Jeremy Jamm, a member of the Pawnee city council and Leslie's nemesis.
James Greene as Councilman Fielding Milton, the longest serving member of the Pawnee city council.
Eric Isenhower as Orin, a creepy and disturbed friend of April.
Jay Jackson as Perd Hapley, a popular Pawnee television journalist and the host of news programs Ya Heard? With Perd! and The Final Word with Perd!.
Marc Evan Jackson as Trevor Nelsson, one of Pawnee's top attorneys in the employment of Dr. Saperstein.
Yvans Jourdain as Councilman Douglass Howser, the head of the Pawnee city council.
Richard Portnow as Mitch Savner, a local businessman and potential investor for Tom's restaurant.
Ben Schwartz as Jean-Ralphio Saperstein, Tom's dimwitted and cocky best friend.
Jenny Slate as Mona-Lisa Saperstein, Tom's crazy ex-girlfriend and Jean-Ralphio's sister.
Helen Slayton-Hughes as Ethel Beavers, an elderly government employee.
Brady Smith as Grant Larson, director of the Midwest branch of the National Parks Service.
Kevin Symons as Councilman Bill Dexhart, a member of the Pawnee city council who is frequently embroiled in outrageous sex scandals.
Cooper Thornton as Dr. Harris, a sarcastic doctor at Pawnee's hospital.
Jeff Tweedy as Scott Tanner, the former lead singer of a band called "Land Ho!".
Susan Yeagley as Jessica Wicks, the vain and superficial widow of Nick Newport Sr., one of the richest men in Pawnee.
Henry Winkler as Dr. Saperstein, a gynecologist and father of Jean-Ralphio and Mona-Lisa.
Guest stars[edit]
Blake Anderson as Mike Bean, CEO of tech company "Gryzzl".
Matt Besser as Crazy Ira, one of the hosts of the radio show Crazy Ira and The Douche.
Dan Castellaneta as Derry Murbles, the host of the Pawnee radio show Thoughts for Your Thoughts.
The Decemberists as themselves.
Bo Burnham as Chip McCapp, a spoiled teenage country singer.
Sam Elliott as Ron Dunn, the former head of the Eagleton parks department.
Ginuwine as a fictional version of himself; he is Donna's cousin.
Kathryn Hahn as Jennifer Barkley, a successful political campaign manager and old acquaintance of Ben and Leslie.
Jon Hamm as Ed, an incompetent employee at the National Parks Service.
Kay Hanley as herself.
Erinn Hayes as Annabel Porter, a well-respected Pawnee lifestyle guru.
John Hodgman as August Clementine, an Eagleton radio host.
Rob Huebel as Harvey Spielyorm, the unlikable owner of a tent store.
Keegan-Michael Key as Joe, a school principal and Donna's ex-boyfriend.
Heidi Klum as Ulee Danssen, the mayor of a town in Denmark.
Nick Kroll as Howard "The Douche" Tuttleman, one of the hosts of the Pawnee radio show Crazy Ira and The Douche.
Andrew Luck as himself
Tatiana Maslany as Nadia Stasky, a doctor and love interest for Tom.
Robert Mathis as himself
Megan Mullally as Tammy Swanson (aka Tammy Two), Ron's sex-crazed ex-wife.
Michelle Obama as herself.
June Diane Raphael as Tynnyfer, a former employee of the Eagleton parks department.
Peter Serafinowicz as His Royal Excellence Lord Edgar Darby Covington, 14th Earl of Cornwall-Upon-Thames and 29th Baron of Hertfordshire, who also goes by the name "Eddie", the head of a British charitable organization.
Yo La Tengo as Bobby Knight Ranger, a fictional Night Ranger tribute band.
Adam Vinatieri as himself
Production[edit]
On July 31, 2013, it was reported by BuzzFeed that Rob Lowe and Rashida Jones would be leaving the series around the middle of the season.[20] Their final episode was episode 13, "Ann and Chris". Due to the departure of Jones and Lowe, longtime regulars Jim O'Heir and Retta were added to the show's opening credit sequence starting with episode 14, "Anniversaries". Jones appears as a special guest star in episode 16 when Ann has her baby.
Chris Pratt was absent for much of the early part of the season, due to him filming Guardians of the Galaxy in London. Executive producer Michael Schur stated the show went to London for the first two episodes in order for Pratt's character Andy to make an appearance. Pratt made a brief return in the sixth episode, with Schur adding that Pratt would return to the series in the tenth episode, the series' 100th episode.[21]
In February 2014, NBC announced a digital tie-in for the show, titled "The Hapley Group", which aired on February 20. Created "to help viewers remain engaged with their favorite programs" while NBC broadcasts the 2014 Winter Olympics, it featured Jay Jackson, Matt Besser, Nick Kroll and Mo Collins reprising their roles as Perd Hapley, Crazy Ira, The Douche, and Joan Callamezzo, respectively, with Seth Morris as Mike Patterson, a new character who recurred on the TV show as well.[22] The tie-in, directed by Morgan Sackett and written by Greg Levine, features the characters in a heated, political round-table discussion of Pawnee’s hot topics.[23]
Retta tweeted on February 27, 2014 that filming for the season had finished.[24]
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Parks and Recreation episodes
† denotes an extended episode. ‡ denotes an hour-long episode.
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
91
92
1
2 "London"‡ Dean Holland Michael Schur September 26, 2013 (2013-09-26) 3.27[25]
Diane tells Ron that she's pregnant, Ron proposes, and they get married in the municipal building. Leslie wins an international award that takes her, Ben, Andy, April and Ron to London, while Tom learns who his business competitor is. Ann and Chris progress in their relationship.
93
3 "The Pawnee-Eagleton Tip Off Classic" Nicole Holofcener Alan Yang October 3, 2013 (2013-10-03) 3.14[26]
Leslie, Ben and Chris go to Eagleton on government business, while Ann takes April to her veterinary school orientation in Bloomington. Ron attempts to destroy every piece of evidence of his existence after receiving a junk mail flier, and Ann suggests that she and Chris move away from Pawnee after their baby is born.
94
4 "Doppelgängers" Jay Karas Donick Cary October 10, 2013 (2013-10-10) 3.23[27]
Leslie pairs the Pawnee Parks Department with their Eagleton counterparts, however, none of them seem to get along. Jerry (now known as Larry) comes out of retirement to become the Parks' department filer. Ann tells Leslie that she and Chris are planning to move away from Pawnee to Michigan, which Leslie does not take well.
95
5 "Gin It Up!" Jorma Taccone Matt Murray October 17, 2013 (2013-10-17) 3.27[28]
When Donna uses the department's Twitter account instead of her own, Leslie helps calm the over reaction to the sex-themed tweet. Elsewhere, Tom tries to impress someone who stops by the Parks Department by making her simple request take extra long, and Ron meets with a lawyer to craft his last will.
96
6 "Filibuster" Morgan Sackett Harris Wittels November 14, 2013 (2013-11-14) 3.03[29]
Andy returns briefly from London, while Ron takes Donna hunting after failing at a computer version. Leslie plans an 1990s themed birthday party for Ben, only to miss it in order to attend a filibuster to fight for the rights of former Eagletonians to vote.
97
7 "Recall Vote" Wendey Stanzler Aisha Muharrar November 14, 2013 (2013-11-14) 3.03[29]
Leslie prepares Halloween festivities at town hall on the day of her recall vote, while Ron convinces Tom to sell his business in order to gain money through the deal.
98
8 "Fluoride" Michael Trim Matt Hubbard November 21, 2013 (2013-11-21) 2.81[30]
Leslie accepts that she has been recalled, and attempts to introduce Eagleton's water fluoridation to Pawnee, using a new attitude as a lame duck, but Jamm ruins it with fear-mongering. Tom counters with T-Dazzle, a rebrand, but Jamm decides to introduce Drink-ems, an unhealthy drink to replace water. Leslie berates Sweetums for the Drink-ems idea, which costs Ben his job. Needing Ben to have a job, Leslie decides to apologize, but through encouragement from Ben, she gets Tom to once again rebrand fluoride as H2-Flow, which successfully works. Meanwhile, Chris tries to learn parenting techniques from a reluctant Ron, who is really just showing him how to build a crib. Elsewhere, Donna gets upset with April for choosing spirit dogs for the department, and choosing hers under basic explanations.
99
9 "The Cones of Dunshire" Julie Anne Robinson Dave King November 21, 2013 (2013-11-21) 2.81[30]
Leslie faces off with Councilman Jamm on a park proposal. Laid-off Ben gets a new hobby, before accepting a job offer from an accounting firm that has been courting him for two years. Tom, April and Donna help Ron sell his cabin. Chris gets Leslie to finally come to terms with his and Ann's move to Michigan.
100
10 "Second Chunce"† Dean Holland Amy Poehler & Michael Schur January 9, 2014 (2014-01-09) 3.43[31]
Leslie comes to terms on her last days in office, when Councilmen Dexhart gets into another scandal, she tries to convince the department to run again. Meanwhile, Ann and Chris find out that they are having a boy. Andy comes home from London.
101
11 "New Beginnings" Alan Yang Sam Means January 16, 2014 (2014-01-16) 3.05[32]
Leslie returns to her old job and Ben becomes City Manager after Chris stepped down. April and Andy pull pranks on Ben.
102
12 "Farmers Market" Adam Scott Joe Mande January 23, 2014 (2014-01-23) 2.98[33]
Leslie fights with Ben over the ways the new Farmers Market is being handled. The department gets annoyed with Ann's pregnancy aspects. April supports Andy on playing music for children.
103
13 "Ann and Chris" Dean Holland Aisha Muharrar & Michael Schur January 30, 2014 (2014-01-30) 3.03[34]
Leslie throws a goodbye party for Ann and Chris, and tries to fulfill a promise by finally beginning to break ground on Pawnee Commons (the project that got her and Ann together). The guys search for a going-away gift for Chris. Ann and Chris say their goodbyes and leave Pawnee.
104
14 "Anniversaries" Morgan Sackett Megan Amram February 27, 2014 (2014-02-27) 2.52[35]
Ben tries to surprise Leslie with an anniversary gifts, but ends up spending more time with Larry. Donna doesn't show up for work, so April tries to discipline her using the internet which backfires. Leslie tries to put a spin on the Pawnee-Eagleton merger. Andy and Tom come up with an idea to hold a concert to celebrate the merger. Meanwhile, Ron writes letters to all the things he hates.
105
15 "The Wall" Ken Whittingham Jen Statsky March 6, 2014 (2014-03-06) 2.95[36]
Ben and Tom try to get sponsors for the Pawnee/Eagleton unity concert and Tom ends up getting an investment offer for one of his ideas; Leslie tries to tear down the wall dividing the two towns, only to release bees, causing Jamm to propose a secede bill; Leslie also gets an offer to run a new National Parks office out of Chicago. Meanwhile, Ron begins to bring his newborn son, John, to the office, as he rebuilds an abandoned floor in Town Hall.
106
16 "New Slogan" Dean Holland Alan Yang & Sam Means March 13, 2014 (2014-03-13) 2.72[37]
Ben revamps the Pawnee website, on which Leslie solicits suggestions for a new town slogan, but The Douche convinces his radio listeners to write in obscene slogans. April tries to keep Tom from leaving by saying bad things about potential restaurant locations. She realizes Donna was doing the same thing by showing him awful locations, so they both try to make things right. Andy discovers Ron is Duke Silver and tries to convince him to play the unity concert.
107
17 "Galentine's Day" Beth McCarthy-Miller Emma Fletcher & Rachna Fruchbom March 20, 2014 (2014-03-20) 3.05[38]
Leslie throws a Galentine's Day brunch in an effort to find a new best friend. Ben, Tom and Larry search for tents for the Unity Concert. With new parental instincts Ron looks after Andy. Meanwhile, Leslie visits Ann after she gives birth to her baby, Oliver.
108
18 "Prom" Ken Whittingham Matt Murray & Harris Wittels April 3, 2014 (2014-04-03) 2.67[39]
After it is cut from the budget, Leslie brings back the senior prom, and asks Ben and Tom to be DJs. Andy tries everything to get April, who hates prom, to go with him.
109
19 "Flu Season 2"† Nick Offerman Megan Amram & Dave King April 10, 2014 (2014-04-10) 2.56[40]
Leslie and Andy try to find music for the unity concert while battling the flu; Donna, Tom and April go wine tasting for Tom's new restaurant. Ron and Ben have a bonding session. Later, Ben realizes he wants to start a family, and Leslie announces that she is pregnant.
110
20 "One in 8,000" Dean Holland Donick Cary & Joe Mande April 17, 2014 (2014-04-17) 2.39[41]
Leslie and Ben try to keep Leslie's pregnancy a secret, which proves a problem when they realize she is having triplets. Meanwhile, Donna seeks Ron's help dealing with her ex-boyfriend at a school, and April organizes Andy's schedule while trying to learn his secret. Leslie and Ben eventually tell the office, with everyone offering some form of help to them once the babies arrive.
111
112
21
22 "Moving Up"†‡ Michael Schur Aisha Muharrar & Alan Yang April 24, 2014 (2014-04-24) 2.71[42]
Leslie, Ben and Andy visit San Francisco for a National Parks Conference, where Ben (with the help of First Lady Michelle Obama) convinces Leslie to take the job in Chicago. Tom opens his restaurant early, which backfires and the investor pulls out. The Parks Department holds the Pawnee/Eagleton Unity Concert, which is a success. Tom reopens his restaurant the night of the concert, having better luck this time and gaining another investor. Later, Leslie convinces her National Parks boss to bring her job to Pawnee, using the City Hall building's third floor that Ron has finished renovating. Three years in the future, Leslie is shown being stressed but successful at her new job, while she and Ben raise their triplets.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Shows A–Z – parks & recreation on nbc". The Futon Critic. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (May 12, 2013). "NBC 2013-2014 Schedule: 'Revolution' Goes to Wednesday, 'Grimm' & 'Dracula' Pair for Friday, 'Parenthood' Thursday + 'Biggest Loser' & 'Chicago Fire' to Tuesdays". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 18, 2013). "'Ironside' & 'Welcome to the Family' Canceled by NBC; 'Community' to Premiere January 2, 'Chicago P.D.' January 8". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Dawidziak, Mark (April 7, 2009). "'Parks and Recreation': New NBC comedy is uneven but promising". The Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Stasi, Linda (April 9, 2009). "Raiders of the Lost 'Park': Amy Poehler quit "SNL" for "Parks and Recreation"". New York Post. Archived from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ Grossberg, Josh (September 16, 2008). "Amy Poehler Moves Up SNL Exit". E! Online. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Itzkoff, Dave (March 26, 2009). "It’s Not ‘The Office.’ The Boss Is a Woman.". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved April 11, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Sepinwall, Alan (July 21, 2008). "Sepinwall on TV: Leno undercover, 'Office' non-spin-off". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Tobias, Scott (April 23, 2009). "Parks and Recreation: Season 1: Episode 3: "The Reporter"". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved April 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ Snierson, Dan (May 19, 2011). "'Parks and Recreation' co-creator Mike Schur gives 10 hints about tonight's season finale". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Snierson, Dan (January 27, 2011). "'Parks and Recreation' scoop: Amy Poehler and co-creator Mike Schur dish on Leslie's big gamble, romantic possibilities, and tonight's episode 'The Flu'". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved January 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (January 15, 2010). "Parks and Recreation, "The Set Up": Will Arnett dates Leslie". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on February 9, 2011. Retrieved January 17, 2010.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (September 17, 2009). "Parks and Recreation: Interviewing co-creator Mike Schur". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved January 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Meslow, Scott (February 18, 2011). "'Parks and Recreation': (Awkward) Love Is in the Air". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Martin, Denise (March 4, 2010). "'Party Down' star Adam Scott joins the cast of NBC's 'Parks and Recreation'; plus, more details on Rob Lowe". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2011. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kandell, Steve (January 21, 2011). "Parks and Recreation Recap: Maintenance Mode". New York. Archived from the original on June 18, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Dos Santos, Kristin (March 3, 2010). "Rob Lowe is Coming to Parks and Recreation, the Big Boss Confirms". E! Online. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Sepinwall, Alan (February 3, 2011). "Review: 'Parks and Recreation' – 'Time Capsule': Twilight time". HitFix. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ Rice, Lynette (July 30, 2011). "Rob Lowe joins 'Parks and Recreation' as a series regular". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on March 8, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Aurthur, Kate (July 31, 2013). "Rob Lowe And Rashida Jones Will Be Leaving "Parks And Recreation"". Buzzfeed. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Maureen (August 1, 2013). "Why Are Rob Lowe And Rashida Jones Leaving 'Parks And Rec'? EP Mike Schur Says Decision Was Mutual". Huffington Post. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ DiLeo, Adam (February 11, 2014). "Breaking Bad's Jesse Plemons to Star in New NBC Parenthood-Friday Night Lights Crossover Webseries". IGN. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "NBC’s ‘Chicago Fire’, ‘Parks & Rec’, ‘Grimm’ And ‘Parenthood’ Go Digital To Keep Fans Engaged During Games". Deadline. February 10, 2014. Retrieved February 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Retta (February 27, 2014). "That’s a season wrap on Retta! Thanks @parksandrecnbc!! I will see you clowns for Season 7!!!". Twitter. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (September 27, 2013). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory', 'The Michael J Fox Show' & 'The X Factor' Adjusted Up; 'The Crazy Ones' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 4, 2013). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory', 'Grey's Anatomy' & 'The Originals' Adjusted Up; 'Parks And Recreation', 'Welcome to the Family', 'Sean Saves the World', 'Michael J. Fox Show', & 'Parenthood' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (October 11, 2013). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory', 'The X Factor' & 'Glee' Adjusted Up; 'The Vampire Diaries' & 'The Millers' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (October 18, 2013). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory' & 'Grey's Anatomy' Adjusted Up; 'The Crazy Ones' & 'Elementary' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibel, Sara (November 15, 2013). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory' Adjusted Up; 'The X Factor', 'Parks and Recreation', 'The Millers', 'Sean Saves the World', 'Glee', 'The Michael J. Fox Show' & 'Parenthood' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Kondolojy, Amanda (November 22, 2013). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory' & 'Grey's Anatomy Adjusted Up; 'The X Factor', 'Reign' & 'Glee' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (January 10, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory' & 'Parks and Recreation' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (January 17, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'American Idol' Adjusted Up; No Adjustments for 'The Michael J. Fox Show' or 'Community'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (January 24, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Vampire Diaries' & 'American Idol' Adjusted Up; 'Reign' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (January 31, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory', 'American Idol', 'The Taste', 'Vampire Diaries', 'Parks & Recreation', 'Two and a Half Men' Adjusted Up; 'The Millers', 'Elementary', & Reign' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (February 28, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory', 'Scandal', 'Grey's Anatomy', 'American Idol' & 'Parks & Recreation' Adjusted Up; 'The Millers' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (March 7, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory', 'Once Upon A Time in Wonderland', 'Parks and Recreation' & 'Elementary' Adjusted Up; 'The Millers' & 'Two and a Half Men' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (March 14, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Hell's Kitchen', 'Parks and Recreation' & 'Scandal' Adjusted Up; 'Reign', 'The Crazy Ones', 'Two and a Half Men' and 'The Millers' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (March 21, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Vampire Diaries', 'American Idol', 'Hell's Kitchen' & 'Parenthood' Adjusted Up; Plus Final NCAA Tournament Numbers". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 4, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory', 'Grey's Anatomy', 'Scandal' & 'Hell's Kitchen' Adjusted Up; 'American Idol', 'The Millers', 'The Crazy Ones' & 'Elementary' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 11, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Community', 'Grey's Anatomy', 'Shark Tank', 'The Big Bang Theory' & 'American Idol' Adjusted Up; 'The Millers' & 'Elementary ' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Bibel, Sara (April 18, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Grey's Anatomy' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (April 25, 2014). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'The Big Bang Theory' & 'The Vampire Diaries' Adjusted Up; 'The Millers' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
External links[edit]
Official Parks and Recreation site at NBC.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Parks and Recreation
Episodes
Season 1
"Pilot"
"Canvassing"
"The Reporter"
"Boys' Club"
"The Banquet"
"Rock Show"
Season 2
"Pawnee Zoo"
"The Stakeout"
"Beauty Pageant"
"Practice Date"
"Sister City"
"Kaboom"
"Greg Pikitis"
"Ron and Tammy"
"The Camel"
"Hunting Trip"
"Tom's Divorce"
"Christmas Scandal"
"The Set Up"
"Leslie's House"
"Sweetums"
"Galentine's Day"
"Woman of the Year"
"The Possum"
"Park Safety"
"Summer Catalog"
"94 Meetings"
"Telethon"
"The Master Plan"
"Freddy Spaghetti"
Season 3
"Go Big or Go Home"
"Flu Season"
"Time Capsule"
"Ron & Tammy: Part Two"
"Media Blitz"
"Indianapolis"
"Harvest Festival"
"Camping"
"Andy and April's Fancy Party"
"Soulmates"
"Jerry's Painting"
"Eagleton"
"Road Trip"
"The Fight"
"The Bubble"
"Li'l Sebastian"
Season 4
"I'm Leslie Knope"
"Ron and Tammys"
"Born & Raised"
"Pawnee Rangers"
"End of the World"
"Bowling for Votes"
"Operation Ann"
"The Debate"
"Bus Tour"
"Win, Lose, or Draw"
Season 5
"Ms. Knope Goes to Washington"
"Soda Tax"
"How a Bill Becomes a Law"
"Sex Education"
"Halloween Surprise"
Season 6
Season 7
"Leslie and Ron"
"One Last Ride"
Characters
Leslie Knope
Ron Swanson
Tom Haverford
Ann Perkins
April Ludgate
Andy Dwyer
Ben Wyatt
Chris Traeger
Jerry Gergich
Donna Meagle
Mark Brendanawicz
Craig Middlebrooks
Jean-Ralphio Saperstein
Marlene Griggs-Knope
Related
Pawnee
Awards and nominations
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parks_and_Recreation_(season_6)&oldid=799461392"
Categories:
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