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Hershey–Chase experiment
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Overview of experiment and observations
The Hershey–Chase experiments were a series of experiments conducted in 1952[1] by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase that helped to confirm that DNA is genetic material. While DNA had been known to biologists since 1869,[2] many scientists still assumed at the time that proteins carried the information for inheritance because DNA appeared simpler than proteins. In their experiments, Hershey and Chase showed that when bacteriophages, which are composed of DNA and protein, infect bacteria, their DNA enters the host bacterial cell, but most of their protein does not. Although the results were not conclusive, and Hershey and Chase were cautious in their interpretation, previous, contemporaneous, and subsequent discoveries all served to prove that DNA is the hereditary material.
Hershey shared the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Max Delbrück and Salvador Luria for their “discoveries concerning the genetic structure of viruses.”[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Historical background
2 Methods and results
2.1 Experiment and conclusions
3 Discussion
3.1 Confirmation
3.2 Other experiments
4 Legacy
5 References
6 External links
Historical background[edit]
In the early twentieth century, biologists thought that proteins carried genetic information. This was based on the belief that proteins were more complex than DNA. Phoebus Levene's influential "tetranucleotide hypothesis", which incorrectly proposed that DNA was a repeating set of identical nucleotides, supported this conclusion. The results of the Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment, published in 1944, suggested that DNA was the genetic material, but there was still some hesitation within the general scientific community to accept this, which set the stage for the Hershey–Chase experiment.
Hershey and Chase, along with others who had done related experiments, confirmed that DNA was the biomolecule that carried genetic information. Before that, Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty had shown that DNA led to the transformation of one strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae to another. The results of these experiments provided evidence that DNA was the biomolecule that carried genetic information.
Methods and results[edit]
Hershey and Chase needed to be able to examine different parts of the phages they were studying separately, so they needed to distinguish the phage subsections. Viruses were known to be composed of a protein shell and DNA, so they chose to uniquely label each with a different elemental isotope. This allowed each to be observed and analyzed separately. Since phosphorus is contained in DNA but not amino acids, radioactive phosphorus-32 was used to label the DNA contained in the T2 phage. Radioactive sulfur-35 was used to label the protein sections of the T2 phage, because sulfur is contained in protein but not DNA.
Hershey and Chase inserted the radioactive elements in the bacteriophages by adding the isotopes to separate media within which bacteria were allowed to grow for 4 hours before bacteriophage introduction. When the bacteriophages infected the bacteria, the progeny contained the radioactive isotopes in their structures. This procedure was performed once for the sulfur-labeled phages and once for phosphorus-labeled phages. The labeled progeny were then allowed to infect unlabeled bacteria. The phage coats remained on the outside of the bacteria, while genetic material entered. Disruption of phage from the bacteria by agitation in a blender followed by centrifugation allowed for the separation of the phage coats from the bacteria. These bacteria were lysed to release phage progeny. The progeny of the phages that were labeled with radioactive phosphorus remained labeled, whereas the progeny of the phages labeled with radioactive sulfur were unlabeled. Thus, the Hershey–Chase experiment helped confirm that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material.
Hershey and Chase showed that the introduction of deoxyribonuclease (referred to as DNase), an enzyme that breaks down DNA, into a solution containing the labeled bacteriophages did not introduce any 32P into the solution. This demonstrated that the phage is resistant to the enzyme while intact. Additionally, they were able to plasmolyze the bacteriophages so that they went into osmotic shock, which effectively created a solution containing most of the 32P and a heavier solution containing structures called “ghosts” that contained the 35S and the protein coat of the virus. It was found that these “ghosts” could adsorb to bacteria that were susceptible to T2, although they contained no DNA and were simply the remains of the original bacterial capsule. They concluded that the protein protected the DNA from DNAse, but that once the two were separated and the phage was inactivated, the DNAse could hydrolyze the phage DNA.[1]
Experiment and conclusions[edit]
Hershey and Chase were also able to prove that the DNA from the phage is inserted into the bacteria shortly after the virus attaches to its host. Using a high speed blender they were able to force the bacteriophages from the bacterial cells after adsorption. The lack of 32P labeled DNA remaining in the solution after the bacteriophages had been allowed to adsorb to the bacteria showed that the phage DNA was transferred into the bacterial cell. The presence of almost all the radioactive 35S in the solution showed that the protein coat that protects the DNA before adsorption stayed outside the cell.[1]
Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein, was the genetic material. They determined that a protective protein coat was formed around the bacteriophage, but that the internal DNA is what conferred its ability to produce progeny inside a bacterium. They showed that, in growth, protein has no function, while DNA has some function. They determined this from the amount of radioactive material remaining outside of the cell. Only 20% of the 32P remained outside the cell, demonstrating that it was incorporated with DNA in the cell's genetic material. All of the 35S in the protein coats remained outside the cell, showing it was not incorporated into the cell, and that protein is not the genetic material.
Hershey and Chase's experiment concluded that little sulfur-containing material entered the bacterial cell. However no specific conclusions can be made regarding whether material that is sulfur-free enters the bacterial cell after phage adsorption. Further research was necessary to conclude that it was solely bacteriophages' DNA that entered the cell and not a combination of protein and DNA where the protein did not contain any sulfur.
Discussion[edit]
Confirmation[edit]
Further information: DNA and DNA § History of DNA research
Hershey and Chase concluded that protein was not likely to be the hereditary genetic material. However, they did not make any conclusions regarding the specific function of DNA as hereditary material, and only said that it must have some undefined role.[1][4]
Confirmation and clarity came a year later in 1953, when James D. Watson and Francis Crick correctly hypothesized, in their journal article "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid", the double helix structure of DNA, and suggested the copying mechanism by which DNA functions as hereditary material. Furthermore, Watson and Crick suggested that DNA, the genetic material, is responsible for the synthesis of the thousands of proteins found in cells. They had made this proposal based on the structural similarity that exists between the two macromolecules: both protein and DNA are linear sequences of monomers (amino acids and nucleotides, respectively).[5]
Other experiments[edit]
Once the Hershey–Chase experiment was published, the scientific community generally acknowledged that DNA was the genetic code material. This discovery led to a more detailed investigation of DNA to determine its composition as well as its 3D structure. Using X-ray crystallography, the structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick with the help of previously documented experimental evidence by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin.[6] Knowledge of the structure of DNA led scientists to examine the nature of genetic coding and, in turn, understand the process of protein synthesis. George Gamow proposed that the genetic code was composed of sequences of three DNA base pairs known as triplets or codons which represent one of the twenty amino acids.[7] Genetic coding helped researchers to understand the mechanism of gene expression, the process by which information from a gene is used in protein synthesis. Since then, much research has been conducted to modulate steps in the gene expression process. These steps include transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification which are used to control the chemical and structural nature of proteins.[8] Moreover, genetic engineering gives engineers the ability to directly manipulate the genetic materials of organisms using recombinant DNA techniques. The first recombinant DNA molecule was created by Paul Berg in 1972 when he combined DNA from the monkey virus SV40 with that of the lambda virus.[9]
Experiments on hereditary material during the time of the Hershey-Chase Experiment often used bacteriophages as a model organism. Bacteriophages lend themselves to experiments on hereditary material because they incorporate their genetic material into their host cell's genetic material (making them useful tools), they multiply quickly, and they are easily collected by researchers.[4]
Legacy[edit]
The Hershey–Chase experiment, its predecessors, such as the Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment, and successors served to unequivocally establish that hereditary information was carried by DNA. This finding has numerous applications in forensic science, crime investigation and genealogy. It provided the background knowledge for further applications in DNA forensics, where DNA fingerprinting uses data originating from DNA, not protein sources, to deduce genetic variation.[10]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hershey A, Chase M; Chase (1952). "Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage" (PDF). J Gen Physiol. 36 (1): 39–56. doi:10.1085/jgp.36.1.39. PMC 2147348  . PMID 12981234.
Jump up ^ Dahm R (January 2008). "Discovering DNA: Friedrich Miescher and the early years of nucleic acid research". Hum. Genet. 122 (6): 565–81. doi:10.1007/s00439-007-0433-0. PMID 17901982.
Jump up ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
^ Jump up to: a b O'Connor, Clare (2008). "Isolating hereditary material: Frederick Griffith, Oswald Avery, Alfred Hershey, and Martha Chase". Scitable by Nature Education. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Pauling L, Corey RB; Corey (February 1953). "A Proposed Structure For The Nucleic Acids". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 39 (2): 84–97. Bibcode:1953PNAS...39...84P. doi:10.1073/pnas.39.2.84. PMC 1063734  . PMID 16578429.
Jump up ^ "L.O. Rosalind Franklin and the Double Helix. Physics Today, March 2003". Physics Today. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
Jump up ^ Crick, Francis (1988). "Chapter 8: The genetic code". What mad pursuit: a personal view of scientific discovery. New York: Basic Books. pp. 89–101. ISBN 0-465-09138-5.
Jump up ^ Berk V, Cate JH; Cate (June 2007). "Insights into protein biosynthesis from structures of bacterial ribosomes". Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 17 (3): 302–9. doi:10.1016/j.sbi.2007.05.009. PMID 17574829.
Jump up ^ Jackson DA, Symons RH, Berg P; Symons; Berg (October 1972). "Biochemical method for inserting new genetic information into DNA of Simian Virus 40: circular SV40 DNA molecules containing lambda phage genes and the galactose operon of Escherichia coli". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69 (10): 2904–9. Bibcode:1972PNAS...69.2904J. doi:10.1073/pnas.69.10.2904. PMC 389671  . PMID 4342968. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Jobling MA, Gill P; Gill (October 2004). "Encoded evidence: DNA in forensic analysis" (PDF). Nat. Rev. Genet. 5 (10): 739–51. doi:10.1038/nrg1455. PMID 15510165.
External links[edit]
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Big 12 Conference
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This article is about the college conference. For the high school conference in Central Illinois, see Big Twelve Conference (Illinois). For the high school conference in Northeastern Illinois, see Northern Illinois Big 12 Conference.
Big 12 Conference
Established
February 25, 1994 (1994-02-25)[1]
Association
NCAA
Division
Division I
Subdivision
FBS
Members
22 (10 full members, 12 affiliate members)
Sports fielded
23
men's: 23
women's: 13
Region
Mid-Atlantic
West North Central
West South Central
Headquarters
Irving, Texas
Commissioner
Bob Bowlsby (since 2012)
Website
www.big12sports.com
Locations
The Big 12 Conference is a ten-school collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving, Texas. It is a member of the NCAA's Division I for all sports; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS; formerly Division I-A), the higher of two levels of NCAA Division I football competition. Its ten members, located in Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and West Virginia, include eight public and two private Christian schools. Additionally, the Big 12 has 12 affiliate members, eight for the sport of wrestling, one for women's gymnastics, and 3 for women's rowing. The Big 12 Conference is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization[2] incorporated in Delaware.[3]
The Big 12 Conference was founded on February 25, 1994. The eight members of the former Big Eight Conference joined with Southwest Conference schools Texas, Texas A&M, Baylor, and Texas Tech to form the new Big 12 Conference, which commenced competition on August 31, 1996.[4][5] Oklahoma and Oklahoma State were grouped with the four former SWC schools in the Big 12 South division, while the other six teams of the former Big Eight (Kansas, Kansas State, Colorado, Nebraska, Missouri and Iowa State) formed the Big 12 North division.
The conference's current 10-campus makeup resulted from the 2010–13 Big 12 Conference realignment, in which Nebraska joined the Big Ten Conference, Colorado joined the Pac-12, and Missouri and Texas A&M joined the Southeastern Conference. TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools, bringing the conference to its current strength.
The Big 12 Conference, like others involved in the realignment, has kept its name primarily for marketing purposes; the conference has high name recognition and remains one of the Power Five conferences which are considered the primary contenders to produce a College Football Playoff champion team in any given year. Attempts to rename the Big 12 to reflect its current strength would lead to confusion with the current Big Ten Conference (which currently has 14 teams).
The Big 12 Conference commissioner is Bob Bowlsby.
Contents
[hide]
1 Member schools
1.1 Current members
1.2 Affiliate members
1.3 Former members
1.4 Membership timeline
2 Sports
2.1 Men's sponsored sports by school
2.2 Women's sponsored sports by school
3 History
4 Distinctive elements
4.1 Football championship game takes hiatus, returns in 2017
4.2 Population base
4.3 Grant of Rights
4.4 Tier 3 events
5 Revenue
5.1 Revenue ranking
6 Facilities
7 Championships
7.1 National championships
7.2 National team titles by institution
7.3 Conference champions
7.3.1 Conference titles by school
8 Football
8.1 Championship game
8.2 Bowl affiliations
8.3 Rivalries
8.3.1 Rivalries with former members
9 Men's basketball
9.1 Conference champions
9.2 NCAA tournament performance
9.3 All-time records
9.4 Overall series records
10 Baseball
10.1 By school
11 References
12 External links
Member schools[edit]
Current members[edit]
Institution
Location
Founded
Joined
Type
Enrollment
Nickname
Colors
Baylor University Waco, Texas 1845 1996 Private 16,787 Bears/Lady Bears
Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1858 1996 Public 36,660 Cyclones
University of Kansas Lawrence, Kansas 1865 1996 Public 28,091 Jayhawks
Kansas State University Manhattan, Kansas 1863 1996 Public 23,779 Wildcats
University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma 1890 1996 Public 30,824 Sooners
Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1890 1996 Public 23,459 Cowboys/Cowgirls
Texas Christian University Fort Worth, Texas 1873 2012 Private 10,394 Horned Frogs
University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 1883 1996 Public 50,950 Longhorns
Texas Tech University Lubbock, Texas 1923 1996 Public 37,010[6] Red Raiders
West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia 1867 2012 Public 31,287[7] Mountaineers
Reference:[8][9][10][11][12][12][13]
Affiliate members[edit]
Institution
Location
Founded
Joined
Type
Enrollment
Nickname
Sport(s)
Air Force !United States Air Force Academy Colorado Springs, Colorado 1954 2015 Military academy 4,000 Falcons Wrestling
Alabama !University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, Alabama 1831 2014 Public 36,155 Crimson Tide Women's rowing
Denver !University of Denver Denver, Colorado 1864 2015 Private 11,809 Pioneers Women's gymnastics
Fresno State !California State University, Fresno Fresno, California 1911 2017 Public 24,405 Bulldogs Wrestling
Northern Colorado !University of Northern Colorado Greeley, Colorado 1889 2015 Public 12,084 Bears Wrestling
Northern Iowa !University of Northern Iowa Cedar Falls, Iowa 1876 2017 Public 13,914 Panthers Wrestling
North Dakota State University Fargo, North Dakota 1890 2015 Public 14,747 Bison Wrestling
Old Dominion University Norfolk, Virginia 1930 2014 Public 24,125 Lady Monarchs Women's rowing
South Dakota State University Brookings, South Dakota 1881 2015 Public 12,554 Jackrabbits Wrestling
Tennessee !University of Tennessee Knoxville, Tennessee 1794 2014 Public 27,523 Volunteers Women's rowing
Utah Valley University Orem, Utah 1941 2015 Public 31,556 Wolverines Wrestling
Wyoming !University of Wyoming Laramie, Wyoming 1886 2015 Public 13,992 Cowboys Wrestling
On July 29, 2015, the Big 12 announced it would add the six former members of the Western Wrestling Conference—Air Force, Northern Colorado, North Dakota State, South Dakota State, Utah Valley, and Wyoming—as affiliate members for wrestling, plus Denver as an affiliate member for women's gymnastics, all effective with the 2015–16 school year.[14] On July 5, 2017, the Big 12 added Fresno State and Northern Iowa as wrestling affiliates.[15]
Former members[edit]
Institution
Location
Founded
Joined
Left
Type
Enrollment
Nickname
Colors
Current
Conference
Colorado !University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado 1876 1996 2011 Public 30,128 Buffaloes Pac-12
Missouri !University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri 1839 1996 2012 Public 34,255[16] Tigers SEC
Nebraska !University of Nebraska–Lincoln Lincoln, Nebraska 1869 1996 2011 Public 24,100[17] Cornhuskers Big Ten
Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 1876 1996 2012 Public 53,337 Aggies SEC
Membership timeline[edit]
Full members Assoc. member (Other sports) Other Conference
Sports[edit]
The Big 12 Conference sponsors championship competition in ten men's and thirteen women's NCAA sanctioned sports.[18]
Teams in Big 12 Conference competition
Sport
Men's
Women's
Baseball 9 –
Basketball 10 10
Cross Country 9 10
Equestrian – 4
Football 10 –
Golf 10 9
Gymnastics – 4
Rowing – 8
Soccer – 10
Softball – 7
Swimming & Diving 3 5
Tennis 6 10
Track and Field (Indoor) 9 10
Track and Field (Outdoor) 9 10
Volleyball – 9
Wrestling 12 –
Men's sponsored sports by school[edit]
School
Baseball
Basketball
Cross
Country
Football
Golf
Swimming
& Diving
Tennis
Track
& Field
Indoor
Track
& Field
Outdoor
Wrestling
Total
Big 12
Sports
Baylor Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N 8
Iowa State N Y Y Y Y N N Y Y Y 7
Kansas Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y N 7
Kansas State Y Y Y Y Y N N Y Y N 7
Oklahoma Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y 9
Oklahoma State Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y 9
TCU Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N 9
Texas Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y N 9
Texas Tech Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y N 8
West Virginia Y Y N Y Y Y N N N Y 6
Totals 9 10 9 10 10 3 6 9 9 4*
Affiliate Members
Air Force Y 1
Fresno State Y 1
North Dakota State Y 1
Northern Colorado Y 1
Northern Iowa Y 1
South Dakota State Y 1
Utah Valley Y 1
Wyoming Y 1
Men's (and Coed – see Rifle) varsity sports not sponsored by the Big 12 Conference which are played by Big 12 schools:
School
Gymnastics
Rifle*
Soccer
Oklahoma Mountain Pacific Sports Federation No No
TCU No Patriot Rifle Conference No
West Virginia No Great America Rifle Conference Mid-American Conference
Rifle is often categorized as a men's sport because the NCAA bylaws that establish scholarship limits for each sport list rifle as a men's sport.[19] Nonetheless, it is an open coed sport in NCAA college athletics, with men's, women's, and coed teams in all NCAA divisions competing against each other. TCU and West Virginia both field coed teams. Through 2017, West Virginia with 19 national titles and TCU with two, together have won over half of the NCAA titles awarded since the inaugural NCAA championship in 1980. West Virginia also won four pre-NCAA national titles.
Women's sponsored sports by school[edit]
School
Basketball
Cross
Country
Equestrian
Golf
Gymnastics
Rowing
Soccer
Softball
Swimming
& Diving
Tennis
Track
& Field
Indoor
Track
& Field
Outdoor
Volleyball
Total
Big 12
Sports
Baylor Y Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y 10
Iowa State Y Y N Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 11
Kansas Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 11
Kansas State Y Y N Y N Y Y N N Y Y Y Y 9
Oklahoma Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y 11
Oklahoma State Y Y Y Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y N 9
TCU Y Y Y Y N N Y N Y Y Y Y Y 10
Texas Y Y N Y N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 11
Texas Tech Y Y N Y N N Y Y N Y Y Y Y 9
West Virginia Y Y N N Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y Y 10
Totals 10 10 3 9 3* 5* 10 7 5 10 10 10 9
Affiliate Members
Alabama Y 1
Old Dominion Y 1
Denver Y 1
Tennessee Y 1
History[edit]
Main article: History of the Big 12 Conference
The Big 12 Conference is a major college athletic conference in the United States, having formed in February 1994 when four prominent colleges from Texas that were members of the Southwest Conference were invited to join the eight members of the Big Eight Conference to form a new 12 member conference. The Big 12 began athletic play in the fall of 1996, with the Texas Tech vs. Kansas State football game being the first-ever sports event staged by the conference. From its formation until 2011, its 12 members competed in two divisions. Between 2011 and 2012 four charter members left the conference, while two schools joined in 2012.
Distinctive elements[edit]
Original Big 12 Conference logo from 1996 to 2004
Big 12 Conference logo from 2004 to 2014
Football championship game takes hiatus, returns in 2017[edit]
The Big 12 is unique among the current "Power Five" conferences in that it only has 10 members, despite the name, causing some confusion. From 1987 to 2015, 12 or more members were required for an "exempt" conference championship game—that is, one that did not count against NCAA limits for regular-season games (currently 12 in FBS)—although the first such game was not established until the SEC did so in 1992.[20] (Since the 2014 season, the Pac-12 has 12 members, while the ACC, Big Ten, and SEC have 14 football members each.)
Former Texas Athletic Director DeLoss Dodds and former football coach Mack Brown, along with Oklahoma football coach Bob Stoops, preferred not to have a championship game.[21] Critics argued it was a competitive advantage over other contract conferences. Conferences with a championship game have their division champions typically play one of their toughest games of the year in the last week of the regular season. Unlike the other "Power 5" conferences in which a team only plays a portion of the other teams in the conference each season, each Big 12 team plays the other nine teams during its conference schedule. This theoretically allows for the declaration of a de facto champion without the need for an additional rematch between the top two teams in the conference.
On June 3, 2016, the conference announced it would reinstate the football championship game in the 2017 season.[22] This followed the passage of a new NCAA rule allowing all FBS conferences to hold "exempt" football championship games regardless of their membership numbers.[23]
Population base[edit]
The Big 12 schools are located in the states of Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, West Virginia and Iowa. These states have a combined population of 37.8 million.[citation needed]
As of 2013, out of the 115.6 million TV households nationwide there are only 13,427,130 TV households in those states (11.6%),[24][25] although Morgantown, West Virginia where WVU is based is in the Pittsburgh television market, which increases the Big 12's television base well into Pennsylvania, and Lawrence, Kansas, where KU is based, is in the Kansas City television market, increasing the base into western Missouri. The Big 12's share of the nation's TVs is similar to that reached by the rest of the Power Five. The conference negotiated tier 1 and 2 TV contracts with total payouts similar to those of the other Power Five conferences.[26]
Grant of Rights[edit]
Member schools granted their first and second tier sports media rights to the conference for the length of their current TV deals. The Grant of Rights (GOR) deal with the leagues' TV contracts ensures that "if a Big 12 school leaves for another league in the next 13 years, that school's media rights, including revenue, would remain with the Big 12 and not its new conference."[27]
GOR is seen by league members as a "foundation of stability" and allowed the Big 12 to be "positioned with one of the best media rights arrangements in collegiate sports, providing the conference and its members unprecedented revenue growth, and sports programming over two networks." All members agreed to the GOR and later agreed to extend the initial 6-year deal to 13 years to correspond to the length of their TV contracts.[28]
Prior to this agreement, the Big Ten and Pac-12 also had similar GOR agreements.[29] The Big 12 subsequently assisted the ACC in drafting its GOR agreement.[30] Four of the five major conferences now have such agreements, with the SEC the only exception.
Tier 3 events[edit]
The Big 12 is the only major conference that allows members to monetize TV rights for tier 3 events in football and men's basketball.[31] This allows individual Big 12 member institutions to create tier 3 deals that include TV rights for one home football game and four home men's basketball games per season. Tier 3 rights exist for other sports as well, but these are not unique to the Big 12. The unique arrangement potentially allows Big 12 members to remain some of college sports' highest revenue earners. Other conferences' cable deals are subject to value reductions based on how people acquire cable programming, Big 12 schools tier 3 deals are exempt.[32] Texas alone will earn more than $150 million of that total from their Longhorn Network.[33]
Revenue[edit]
Big 12 Conference annual revenue distribution
[show]Year
Total distributed
Annual Increase
Per-school averagea
1997[34] $53.6 million – $4.5 million
1998[34] $58 million 8.2% $4.8 million
1999[34] $64 million 10.3% $5.3 million
2000[34] $72 million 12.5% $6.0 million
2001[34] $78 million 8.3% $6.5 million
2002[34] $83.5 million 7.1% $7.0 million
2003[34] $89 million 6.6% $7.4 million
2004[34] $101 million 13.5% $8.4 million
2005[34] $105.6 million 4.6% $8.8 million
2006[34] $103.1 million −2.4% $8.6 million
2007[34] $106 million 2.8% $8.8 million
2008[34] $113.5 million 7.1% $9.5 million
2009[34] $130 million 14.5% $10.8 million
2010[34] $139 million 6.9% $11.6 million
2011[35] $145 million 4.3% $12.1 million
2012[36] $187 million 29.0% $18.7 million
2013[36] $198 million 5.9% $19.8 million
2014[37] $212 million 7.1% $21.2 million
2015[38] $252 million 18.9% $25.2 million
2016 [39] $348 million 38.9% $34.8 million
Total $2.54 billion – $239 million
Average $221 million – $11.9 million
a Twelve Big 12 members received disbursements each year from 1997–2011; ten each year afterwards. Individual schools' disbursement varied annually according to bylaw rules and entrance or withdrawal agreements.
Conference revenue comes mostly from television contracts, bowl games, the NCAA, merchandise, licensing and conference-hosted sporting events. The Conference distributes revenue annually to member institutions.[40] From 1996 to 2011, 57 percent of revenue was allotted equally; while 43 percent was based upon the number of football and men's basketball television appearances and other factors.[41][42] In 2011 the distribution was 76 percent equal and 24 percent based on television appearances. Changing the arrangement requires a unanimous vote; as a Big 12 member, Nebraska and Texas A&M had withheld support for more equitable revenue distribution.[41]
With this model, larger schools can receive more revenue because they appear more often on television. In 2006, for example, Texas received $10.2 million, 44% more than Baylor University's $7.1 million.[43]
Big 12 revenue was generally less than other BCS conferences; this was due in part to television contracts signed with Fox Sports Net (four years for $48 million) and ABC/ESPN (eight years for $480 million).[44]
In 2011, the Big 12 announced a new 13-year media rights deal with Fox that would ensure that every Big 12 home football game is televised, as well as greatly increasing coverage of women's basketball, conference championships and other sports.[45] The deal, valued at an estimated $1.1 billion, runs until 2025.[46] In 2012, the conference announced a new ESPN/FOX agreement, replacing the current ABC/ESPN deal, to immediately increase national media broadcasts of football and increase conference revenue;[47] the new deal was estimated to be worth $2.6 billion through the 2025 expiration.[48] The two deals pushed the conference per-school payout to approximately $20 million per year, while separating third-tier media rights into separate deals for each school; such contracts secured an additional $6 million to $20 million per school annually.[49] The per-school payout under the deal is expected to reach $44 million, according to Commissioner Bob Bowlsby.[50]
Revenue ranking[edit]
Revenue includes ticket sales, contributions and donations, rights/licensing, student fees, school funds and all other sources including TV income, camp income, food and novelties. Total expenses includes coaching/staff, scholarships, buildings/ground, maintenance, utilities and rental fees and all other costs including recruiting, team travel, equipment and uniforms, conference dues and insurance costs. Data is from United States Department of Education.[51]
2014–15 Conference Rank
Institution
2014–15 Total Revenue from Athletics[52]
2014–15 Total Expenses on Athletics[52]
2014–15 Average Spending per student-athlete[53]
1 University of Texas at Austin $179,555,311 $152,853,239 $218,050
2 University of Oklahoma $135,660,070 $124,732,244 $170,866
3 Baylor University $106,078,643 $106,078,643 $153,737
4 University of Kansas $103,326,170 $103,326,170 $177,536
5 West Virginia University $87,265,473 $87,265,473 $147,159
6 Oklahoma State University $85,645,208 $80,196,450 $123,189
7 Texas Christian University $80,608,562 $80,608,562 $145,766
8 Kansas State University $76,245,188 $66,449,920 $110,016
9 Texas Tech University $69,858,256 $64,245,380 $123,207
10 Iowa State University $65,733,110 $65,658,901 $129,396
Facilities[edit]
School
Football stadium
Capacity
Basketball arena
Capacity
Baseball stadium
Capacity
Baylor McLane Stadium 7004451400000000000♠45,140 Ferrell Center 7004102840000000000♠10,284 Baylor Ballpark 7003500000000000000♠5,000
Iowa State Jack Trice Stadium 7004615000000000000♠61,500[54] Hilton Coliseum 7004143560000000000♠14,356 Non-baseball school*
Kansas Memorial Stadium 7004500710000000000♠50,071[55] Allen Fieldhouse 7004163000000000000♠16,300 Hoglund Ballpark 7003250000000000000♠2,500
Kansas State Bill Snyder Family Football Stadium 7004500000000000000♠50,000[56] Bramlage Coliseum 7004125280000000000♠12,528 Tointon Family Stadium 7003200000000000000♠2,000
Oklahoma Gaylord Family Oklahoma Memorial Stadium 7004834890000000000♠83,489[57] Lloyd Noble Center 7004115620000000000♠11,562 L. Dale Mitchell Baseball Park 7003318000000000000♠3,180
Oklahoma State Boone Pickens Stadium 7004567900000000000♠56,790[58] Gallagher-Iba Arena 7004136110000000000♠13,611 Allie P. Reynolds Stadium 7003382100000000000♠3,821
Texas Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium 7005100119000000000♠100,119[59] Frank Erwin Center 7004165400000000000♠16,540 UFCU Disch-Falk Field 7003664900000000000♠6,649
TCU Amon G. Carter Stadium 7004450000000000000♠45,000 Schollmaier Arena 6,700[60] Lupton Stadium 7003450000000000000♠4,500
Texas Tech Jones AT&T Stadium 7004608620000000000♠60,862[61][62][63][64] United Supermarkets Arena 7004150980000000000♠15,098 Dan Law Field at Rip Griffin Park 7003452800000000000♠4,528
West Virginia Mountaineer Field at Milan Puskar Stadium 7004600000000000000♠60,000[65] WVU Coliseum 7004140000000000000♠14,000[66] Monongalia County Ballpark 7003350000000000000♠3,500[67]
*Iowa State discontinued its participation in baseball as an NCAA-recognized activity following the 2001 season.[68] It participates in club baseball as a member of the National Club Baseball Association. Games are played at Cap Timm Field, capacity 3,000.[69]
Championships[edit]
National championships[edit]
The following is a list of all NCAA, equestrian, and college football championships won by teams that were representing the Big 12 Conference in NCAA-recognized sports at the time of their championship.[70]
Football (3):
1997 – Nebraska
2000 – Oklahoma
2005 – Texas
Equestrian (3):
2002 − Texas A&M (Overall)
2012 – Baylor (Hunter Seat)
2012 – Texas A&M (Overall)
Baseball (2):
2002 – Texas
2005 – Texas
Men's Basketball (1):
2008 – Kansas
Women's Basketball (3):
2005 – Baylor
2011 – Texas A&M
2012 – Baylor
Women's Bowling (5):
1999 – Nebraska
2001 – Nebraska
2004 – Nebraska
2005 – Nebraska
2009 – Nebraska
Men's Cross Country (6):
2001 – Colorado
2004 – Colorado
2006 – Colorado
2009 – Oklahoma State
2010 – Oklahoma State
2012 – Oklahoma State
Women's Cross Country (2):
2000 – Colorado
2004 – Colorado
Men's Golf (5):
2000 – Oklahoma State
2006 – Oklahoma State
2009 – Texas A&M
2012 – Texas
2017 – Oklahoma
Rifle (5):
2013 – West Virginia
2014 – West Virginia
2015 – West Virginia
2016 – West Virginia
2017 – West Virginia
Women's Gymnastics (3):
2014 – Oklahoma
2016 – Oklahoma
2017 – Oklahoma
Men's Gymnastics (9):
2002 – Oklahoma
2003 – Oklahoma
2005 – Oklahoma
2006 – Oklahoma
2008 – Oklahoma
2015 – Oklahoma
2016 – Oklahoma
2017 – Oklahoma
2018 – Oklahoma
Women's Indoor Track (3):
1998 – Texas
1999 – Texas
2006 – Texas
Men's Outdoor Track (3):
2009 – Texas A&M
2010 – Texas A&M
2011 – Texas A&M
Women's Outdoor Track (7):
1998 – Texas
1999 – Texas
2005 – Texas
2009 – Texas A&M
2010 – Texas A&M
2011 – Texas A&M
2013 – Kansas
Men's/Women's Skiing (4):
1998 – Colorado
1999 – Colorado
2006 – Colorado
2011 – Colorado
Softball (4):
2000 – Oklahoma
2013 – Oklahoma
2016 – Oklahoma
2017 – Oklahoma
Men's Swimming (7):
1996 – Texas
2000 – Texas
2001 – Texas
2002 – Texas
2010 – Texas
2015 – Texas
2016 – Texas
Men's Tennis (1):
2004 – Baylor
Women's Volleyball (3):
2000 – Nebraska
2006 – Nebraska
2012 – Texas
Wrestling (4):
2003 – Oklahoma State
2004 – Oklahoma State
2005 – Oklahoma State
2006 – Oklahoma State
National team titles by institution[edit]
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The national championships listed below are as of March 2016. Football, Helms, pre-NCAA competition and overall equestrian titles are included in the total, but excluded from the column listing NCAA and AIAW titles.
Big 12 National Championships
School
Total titles
Titles as a member
of the Big 12
NCAA titles[71]
AIAW titles
Notes
Texas 52 18 44 4 UT has 4 recognized football titles
Oklahoma State 51 9 51
Oklahoma 36 15 29 OU has 7 recognized NCAA football titles
West Virginia 22 4 19 WVU has 3 pre-NCAA rifle titles
Iowa State 18 0 13 5
Kansas 13 2 11 KU has 2 Helms basketball titles
TCU 6 0 4 TCU has 2 recognized football titles
Baylor 4 3 3 Baylor has 1 Equestrian title
Texas Tech 1 0 1
Kansas State 0 0 0
See also: List of NCAA schools with the most NCAA Division I championships, List of NCAA schools with the most Division I national championships, and NCAA Division I FBS Conferences
Conference champions[edit]
Main article: List of Big 12 Conference champions
The Conference sponsors 23 sports, 10 men's and 13 women's.[72]
In football, divisional titles were awarded based on regular-season conference results, with the teams with the best conference records from the North and South playing in the Big 12 Championship Game from 1996 to 2010. Baseball, basketball, softball, tennis and women's soccer titles are awarded in both regular-season and tournament play. Cross country, golf, gymnastics, swimming and diving, track and field, and wrestling titles are awarded during an annual meet of participating teams. The volleyball title is awarded based on regular-season play.
Conference titles by school[edit]
Titles as of May 2017.[73]
Baylor – 70
Iowa State – 20
Kansas – 36
Kansas State – 15
Oklahoma – 74
Oklahoma State – 70
TCU – 9
Texas – 165
Texas Tech – 21
West Virginia – 10
Note, includes both regular-season, tournament titles, and co-championships. List does not include conference championships won prior to the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996.
Football[edit]
Main article: Big 12 Conference football
The first football game in conference play was Texas Tech vs. Kansas State in 1996, won by Kansas State, 21–14.[74]
From 1996 to 2010, Big 12 Conference teams played eight conference games a season. Each team faced all five opponents within its own division and three teams from the opposite division. Inter-divisional play was a "three-on, three-off" system, where teams would play three teams from the other division on a home-and-home basis for two seasons, and then play the other three foes from the opposite side for a two-year home-and-home.[citation needed]
This format came under considerable criticism, especially from Nebraska and Oklahoma, who were denied a yearly match between two of college football's most storied programs.[citation needed] The Nebraska-Oklahoma rivalry was one of the most intense in college football history.[citation needed] (Until 2006, the teams had never met in the Big 12 Championship.) Due to the departure of Nebraska and Colorado in 2011, the Big 12 eliminated the divisions (and championship game) and instituted a nine-game round-robin format.[citation needed] With the advent of the College Football Playoff committee looking at teams' strength of schedule for picking the four playoff teams, on December 8, 2015 the Big 12 announced an annual requirement for all Big 12 teams to schedule a non-conference game against a team from the four other Power Five conferences (plus Notre Dame).[75] Per Big 12 commissioner Bob Bowlsby: "Schedule strength is a key component in CFP Selection Committee deliberations. This move will strengthen the resumes for all Big 12 teams. Coupled with the nine-game full round robin Conference schedule our teams play, it will not only benefit the teams at the top of our standings each season, but will impact the overall strength of the Conference."[75]
Championship game[edit]
Main article: Big 12 Football Championship Game
The Big 12 Championship Game game was approved by all members except Nebraska.[76] It was held each year, commencing with the first match in the 1996 season at the Trans World Dome in St. Louis. It pitted the division champions against each other after the regular season was completed.
Following the 2008 game, the event was moved to the new Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, being played there in 2009 and 2010. In 2010, the Sooners defeated the Cornhuskers 23–20.[77]
After 2010, the game was moved to Arlington for 2011, 2012, and 2013.[78] However, the decision became moot following the 2010 season because the league lacked sufficient members.[79]
In April 2015, the ACC and the Big 12 developed new rules for the NCAA to deregulate conference championship games. The measure passed on January 14, 2016, allowing a conference with fewer than 12 teams to stage a championship game that does not count against the FBS limit of 12 regular-season games under either of the following circumstances:
The game involves the top two teams following a full round-robin conference schedule.
The game involves two divisional winners, each having played a full round-robin schedule in its division.
Under the first criterion, the Big 12 championship game will resume at the conclusion of the 2017 regular season, and will be played during the first weekend of December, the time all other Division I FBS conference championship games are played.
Bowl affiliations[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (February 2018)
As of 2014.[citation needed]
Pick
Name[80]
Location
Opposing conference
– College Football Playoff – –
1 Sugar Bowl† New Orleans, Louisiana SEC
2 Valero Alamo Bowl San Antonio, Texas Pac-12
3 Russell Athletic Bowl Orlando, Florida ACC
4 AdvoCare V100 Texas Bowl Houston, Texas SEC
5 AutoZone Liberty Bowl Memphis, Tennessee SEC
6 Cactus Bowl Tempe, Arizona Pac-12
7 Heart of Dallas Bowl‡ Dallas, Texas Conference USA
Lockheed Martin Armed Forces Bowl‡ Fort Worth, Texas American
†:The Big 12 champion will go to the Sugar Bowl unless selected for the College Football Playoff. In the event that the conference champion is selected for the playoff, the conference runner up will go to the Sugar Bowl.
‡:Conference representative will play in the bowls on a rotating basis.
Rivalries[edit]
Rivalries (primarily in football) mostly predate the conference. The Kansas-Missouri rivalry was the longest running, the longest west of the Mississippi and the second longest in college football. It was played 119 times before Missouri left the Big 12. As of October 2012, the University of Kansas' athletic department had not accepted Missouri's invitations to play inter-conference rivalry games, putting the rivalry on hold. Sports clubs sponsored by the two universities continued to play each other.[81]
The rivalry between TCU and Baylor, known as the Revivalry is also one of the longest running in college football, with the two schools having played each other — largely as Southwest Conference members — 112 times since 1899. As of the 2016 game, TCU leads the series 53–52–7.
The Oklahoma-Texas rivalry, the Red River Showdown is one year younger and has been played 108 times. This was a major rivalry decades before they were both in the conference, starting the year after the Revivalry in 1900. Currently Texas leads this rivalry 60–44–5.
Some of the longstanding football rivalries between Big 12 schools include:
Rivalry
Name
Trophy
Games
played†
Began
Baylor–TCU The Revivalry 112 1899
Baylor Texas Tech Texas Farm Bureau Insurance Shootout 74 1929
Iowa State-Kansas State Farmageddon 98 1917
Kansas–Kansas State Sunflower Showdown Governor's Cup 112 1902
Oklahoma-Oklahoma State Bedlam Bedlam Bell 109 1904
Oklahoma–Texas Red River Showdown Golden Hat 110 1900
TCU–Texas Tech 58 1926
Texas–Texas Tech Chancellor's Spurs 64 1928
Rivalries with former members[edit]
Rivalry
Name
Trophy
Games
played†
Began
Last Meeting
Baylor–Texas A&M Battle of the Brazos 108 1899 2011
Colorado–Nebraska 69 1898 2010
Iowa State–Missouri Telephone Trophy[82] 104 1896 2011
Kansas–Missouri Border War Indian War Drum[82] 120 1891 2011
Kansas–Nebraska 117 1892 2010
Missouri–Nebraska Victory Bell 104 1892 2010
Missouri–Oklahoma Tiger–Sooner Peace Pipe 96 1902 2011
Nebraska–Oklahoma 86 1912 2010
Texas A&M–Texas Tech 70 1927 2011
Texas–Texas A&M Lone Star Showdown Lone Star Showdown Trophy 118 1894 2011
Men's basketball[edit]
Main article: Big 12 Conference men's basketball
From 1996 to 2011, standings in conference play were not split among divisions, although the schedule was structured as if they were. Teams played a home-and-home against teams within their "division"s and a single game against teams from the opposite division for a total of 16 conference games. After Nebraska and Colorado left, Big 12 play transitioned to an 18-game, double round robin schedule.[83]
Conference champions[edit]
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See also: Big 12 Men's Basketball Tournament
Big 12 basketball teams played non-division members only once and in-division members twice during the regular season in a 16-game schedule until the 2012-13 season when its ten teams adopted a "home and away" double round robin 18-game schedule. The conference tournament gave first round byes to the top four teams from 1997 until 2012, and the top six teams 2013 to present.
Kansas has the most Big 12 titles, winning or sharing the regular-season title 17 times in the league's 21 seasons. The 2002 Jayhawks became the first, and so far only, team to complete an undefeated Big 12 regular season, going 16–0. As of the 2017-2018 season, Kansas had won or shared 14 straight regular-season league titles and 16 of the past 17. Though rematches between Big 12 regular season co-champions have happened in that year's Big 12 tournament, none have met in the ensuing NCAA Tournament.
Season
Regular Season Champion
Tournament Champion
1996–97 Kansas Kansas
1997–98 Kansas (2) Kansas (2)
1998–99 Texas Kansas (3)
1999–00 Iowa State Iowa State
2000–01 Iowa State (2) Oklahoma
2001–02 Kansas (3) Oklahoma (2)
2002–03 Kansas (4) Oklahoma (3)
2003–04 Oklahoma State Oklahoma State
2004–05 Oklahoma
Kansas (5) Oklahoma State (2)
2005–06 Texas (2)
Kansas (6) Kansas (4)
2006–07 Kansas (7) Kansas (5)
2007–08 Texas (3)
Kansas (8) Kansas(6)
2008–09 Kansas (9) Missouri
2009–10 Kansas (10) Kansas (7)
2010–11 Kansas (11) Kansas (8)
2011–12 Kansas (12) Missouri (2)
2012–13 Kansas (13)
Kansas State Kansas (9)
2013–14 Kansas (14) Iowa State (2)
2014–15 Kansas (15) Iowa State (3)
2015–16 Kansas (16) Kansas (10)
2016–17 Kansas (17) Iowa State (4)
2017-18 Kansas (18) Kansas (11)
In 2004–05, Oklahoma won the Big 12 Tournament seeding tiebreaker over Kansas based on its 71–63 win over the Jayhawks in Norman, OK. The teams did not meet in Kansas City, MO.
In 2005–06, Texas won the Big 12 Tournament seeding tiebreaker over Kansas based on its 80–55 win over the Jayhawks in Austin, TX. Kansas beat Texas 80–68 in the Big 12 Tournament championship game in Dallas, TX.
In 2007–08, Texas won the Big 12 Tournament seeding tiebreaker over Kansas based on its 72–69 win over the Jayhawks in Austin, TX. Kansas beat Texas 84-74 in the Big 12 Tournament championship game in Kansas City, MO.
In 2012–13, Kansas won the Big 12 Tournament seeding tiebreaker over Kansas State based on winning 59–55 in Manhattan and 83–62 in Lawrence. Kansas beat Kansas State for a third time 70-54 in the championship game in Kansas City, MO.
NCAA tournament performance[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2018)
Totals though the end of the 2015-16 season.[84]
School
Appearances
Final Fours
Championships
Baylor 11 2 0
Iowa State 19 1 0
Kansas 46 14 3
Kansas State 28 4 0
Oklahoma 31 6 0
Oklahoma State 27 6 2
TCU 7 0 0
Texas 34 3 0
Texas Tech 16 0 0
West Virginia 28 2 0
All-time records[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2018)
Totals though the end of the 2015–16 season.[85]
Team
Big 12 Record
Big 12 Winning %
Overall Record
Overall Winning %
Big 12 Regular Season Championships
Big 12 Tournament Championships
Baylor 94–157 .375 1287–1337 .490 - -
Colorado 95-145 .396 - - - -
Iowa State 112–127 .469 1340-1292 .510 2 3
Kansas 179–43 .805 2186-836 .723 16 9
Kansas State 90–131 .407 1581-1123 .585 1 -
Missouri 139-119 .539 - - - 2
Nebraska 97-143 .404 - - - -
Oklahoma 151–100 .602 1626-1035 .613 1 3
Oklahoma State 130–121 .518 1606-1130 .587 1 2
TCU 8–64 .111 1160–1366 .459 - -
Texas 157–94 .626 1738-1035 .627 3 -
Texas A&M 98-160 .380 - - - -
Texas Tech 84–167 .335 1351-1080 .556 - -
West Virginia 39–33 .542 1702-1059 .616 - -
Overall series records[edit]
This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2018)
Totals though the end of the 2015–16 season.[85]
Baylor
Iowa State
Kansas
Kansas State
Oklahoma
Oklahoma State
TCU
Texas
Texas Tech
West Virginia
vs. Baylor — 13–16 4–25 16–12 7–35 15–28 9–0 14–32 21–20 6–3
vs. Iowa State 16–13 — 12–33 22–20 13–17 12–17 8–0 11–17 14–13 5–3
vs. Kansas 25–4 33–12 — 44–5 23–6 22–10 8–1 23–7 24–4 6–3
vs. Kansas State 12–16 20–22 5–44 — 12–14 11–17 7–2 12–15 15–13 3–5
vs. Oklahoma 35–7 17–13 6–23 14–12 — 25–19 7–1 24–23 28–14 6–3
vs. Oklahoma State 28–15 17–12 10–22 17–11 19–25 — 6–2 17–29 32–15 4–4
vs. TCU 0–9 0–8 1–8 2–7 1–7 2–6 — 1–8 3–6 0–9
vs. Texas 32–14 17–11 7–23 15–12 23–24 29–17 8–1 — 38–6 6–3
vs. Texas Tech 20–21 13–14 4–24 13–15 14–28 15–32 6–3 6–38 — 1–8
vs. West Virginia 3–6 3–5 3–6 5–3 3–6 4–4 9–0 3–6 8–1 —
Total 105–171 113–133 208–52 97–148 161–115 150–135 10–68 175–111 92–183 41–37
Baseball[edit]
Main article: Big 12 Baseball Tournament
All current Big 12 members sponsor baseball except Iowa State, which dropped the sport after the 2001 season. All former Big 12 members sponsored the sport throughout their tenures in the conference except Colorado, which never sponsored baseball during its time in the Big 12.[86]
Baseball titles by school
Team
Season
Regular Season
Tournament
Total
Baylor 1997–present 3 0 3
Iowa State 1997–2001 0 0 0
Kansas 1997–present 0 1 1
Kansas State 1997–present 1 0 1
Missouri 1997–2012 0 1 1
Nebraska 1997–2011 3 4 7
Oklahoma 1997–present 0 2 2
Oklahoma State 1997–present 1 2 3
TCU 2013–present 2 2 4
Texas 1997–present 7 5 12
Texas A&M 1997–2012 4 3 7
Texas Tech 1997–present 3 1 4
West Virginia 2013–present 0 0 0
Baseball titles by season
Season
Regular season
Tournament
1997 Texas Tech Oklahoma
1998 Texas A&M Texas Tech
1999 Texas A&M Nebraska
2000 Baylor Nebraska
2001 Nebraska Nebraska
2002 Texas Texas
2003 Nebraska Texas
2004 Texas Oklahoma State
2005 Baylor† Nebraska
Nebraska†
2006 Texas Kansas
2007 Texas Texas A&M
2008 Texas A&M Texas
2009 Texas Texas
2010 Texas Texas A&M
2011 Texas† Texas A&M
Texas A&M†
2012 Baylor Missouri
2013 Kansas State Oklahoma
2014 Oklahoma State TCU
2015 TCU Texas
2016 Texas Tech TCU
2017 TCU† Oklahoma State
Texas Tech†
By school[edit]
As of the completion of the 2017 tournament.[citation needed]
School
Appearances
W-L
Pct
Tourney Titles
Title Years
Baylor 21 32–37 .464 0
Iowa State 1 1–2 .333 0
Kansas 9 10–17 .370 1 2006
Kansas State 10 14–18 .438 0
Missouri 13 22–19 .536 1 2012
Nebraska 10 28–10 .737 4 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005
Oklahoma 21 36–35 .507 2 1997, 2013
Oklahoma State 19 25–35 .417 2 2004, 2017
TCU 5 12–7 .632 2 2014, 2016
Texas 18 41–29 .586 5 2002, 2003, 2008, 2009, 2015
Texas A&M 13 24–18 .571 3 2007, 2010, 2011
Texas Tech 17 18–34 .346 1 1998
West Virginia 5 8–8 .500 0
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Oklahoma State Cowboys

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2004 Big 12 Baseball Tournament

values: 2017 Big 12 Conference Baseball Tournament

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2002 Big 12 Baseball Tournament

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2003 Big 12 Baseball Tournament

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2008 Big 12 Baseball Tournament

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2009 Big 12 Baseball Tournament

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2015 Big 12 Baseball Tournament

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2007 Big 12 Baseball Tournament

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2010 Big 12 Baseball Tournament

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2011 Big 12 Baseball Tournament

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1998 Big 12 Baseball Tournament

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