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Seabiscuit
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For other uses, see Seabiscuit (disambiguation).
Seabiscuit
George Woolf on Seabiscuit
Sire
Hard Tack
Grandsire
Man o' War
Dam
Swing On
Damsire
Tea Biscuit
Sex
Stallion
Foaled
May 23, 1933
Country
United States
Colour
Light Bay
Breeder
Gladys Mills Phipps
Owner
Charles Howard
Trainer
1) "Sunny Jim" Fitzimmons
2) Tom Smith
Record
89: 33-15-1
Earnings
$437,730
Major wins
Massachusetts Handicap (1937)
Brooklyn Handicap (1937)
Bay Meadows Breeders' Cup Handicap (1937, 1938)
Havre de Grace Handicap (1938)
Match race vs Ligaroti (1938)
Pimlico Special vs War Admiral (1938)
Hollywood Gold Cup (1938)
San Antonio Handicap (1940)
Santa Anita Handicap (1940)
Awards
U.S. Champion Handicap Male (1937 & 1938)
U.S. Horse of the Year (1938)
Honors
United States Racing Hall of Fame (1958)
#25 – Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century
Life-size statue at Santa Anita Park
Last updated on September 16, 2006
Seabiscuit (May 23, 1933 – May 17, 1947) was a champion Thoroughbred racehorse in the United States. A small horse, Seabiscuit had an inauspicious start to his racing career, but became an unlikely champion and a symbol of hope to many Americans during the Great Depression. Seabiscuit has been the subject of numerous books and films including Seabiscuit: the Lost Documentary (1939); a Shirley Temple film, The Story of Seabiscuit (1949); a book, Seabiscuit: An American Legend (2001) by Laura Hillenbrand; and a film adaptation of Hillenbrand's book, Seabiscuit (2003) that was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early days
2 1936/1937: The beginning of success
3 Early five-year-old season
4 Injury and return
5 Retirement, later life, and offspring
6 Death and interment
7 Legacy and honors
7.1 Awards and honorable distinctions
7.2 Portrayals in film and television
7.2.1 Documentaries
7.2.2 Fiction films
7.3 Non-fiction books
7.4 Postage stamp
7.5 Statues
8 Pedigree
9 Notable races won
10 Notes
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Early days[edit]
Seabiscuit with owner Charles Howard
Seabiscuit was foaled in Lexington, Kentucky, on May 23, 1933,[1][2] from the mare Swing On and sire Hard Tack, a son of Man o' War.[3] Seabiscuit was named for his father, as hardtack or "sea biscuit" is the name for a type of cracker eaten by sailors.[4]
The bay colt grew up on Claiborne Farm in Paris, Kentucky, where he was trained. He was undersized, knobby-kneed,[3] and given to sleeping and eating for long periods.
Initially, Seabiscuit was owned by the powerful Wheatley Stable and trained by "Sunny Jim" Fitzsimmons, who had taken Gallant Fox to the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing. Fitzsimmons saw some potential in Seabiscuit but felt the horse was too lazy. Fitzsimmons devoted most of his time to training Omaha, who won the 1935 Triple Crown.
Seabiscuit was relegated to a heavy schedule of smaller races. He failed to win his first 17 races, usually finishing back in the field. After that, Fitzsimmons did not spend much time on him, and the horse was sometimes the butt of stable jokes. Seabiscuit began to gain attention after winning two races at Narragansett Park and setting a new track record in the second - a Claiming Stakes race. As a two-year-old, Seabiscuit raced 35 times (a heavy racing schedule),[3] coming in first five times and finishing second seven times. These included three claiming races, in which he could have been purchased for $2500, but he had no takers.[3]
While Seabiscuit had not lived up to his racing potential, he was not the poor performer Fitzsimmons had taken him for. His last two wins as a two-year-old came in minor stakes races. The next season, however, started with a similar pattern. The colt ran 12 times in less than four months, winning four times. One of those races was a cheap allowance race on the "sweltering afternoon of June 29", 1936, at Suffolk Downs. That is where trainer Tom Smith first laid eyes on Seabiscuit.[5] His owners sold the horse to automobile entrepreneur Charles S. Howard for $8000 at Saratoga, in August.[3]
1936/1937: The beginning of success[edit]
Seabiscuit with trainer Tom Smith
Howard assigned Seabiscuit to a new trainer, Tom Smith,[3] who, with his unorthodox training methods, gradually brought Seabiscuit out of his lethargy. Smith paired the horse with Canadian jockey Red Pollard (1909–1981), who had experience racing in the West and in Mexico. On August 22, 1936, they raced Seabiscuit for the first time. Improvements came quickly, and in their remaining eight races in the East, Seabiscuit and Pollard won several times, including the Detroit Governor's Handicap (worth $5,600) and the Scarsdale Handicap ($7,300) at Empire City Race Track in Yonkers, New York.
In early November 1936, Howard and Smith shipped the horse to California, by rail. His last two races of the year were at Bay Meadows racetrack in San Mateo, California. The first was the $2,700 Bay Bridge Handicap, run over one-mile (1.6 km). Despite starting badly and carrying the top weight of 116 pounds (53 kg), Seabiscuit won by five lengths. At the World's Fair Handicap (Bay Meadows' most prestigious stakes race), Seabiscuit led throughout.
In 1937, the Santa Anita Handicap, California's most prestigious race, was worth over $125,000 ($2.2 million in 2010) to the winner; it was known colloquially as "The Hundred Grander". In his first warm-up race at Santa Anita Park, Seabiscuit won easily. In his second race of 1937, the San Antonio Handicap, he suffered a setback after he was bumped at the start and then pushed wide; Seabiscuit came in fifth, losing to Rosemont.
The two met again in the Santa Anita Handicap a week later, where Rosemont won by a nose. The defeat was devastating to Smith and Howard, and was widely attributed in the press to a jockey error.[3]a[›] Pollard, who had not seen Rosemont over his shoulder until too late, was blind in one eye due to an accident during a training ride, a fact he had hidden throughout his career.
Seabiscuit was rapidly becoming a favorite among California racing fans, and his fame spread as he won his next three races. With his successes, Howard decided to ship the horse east for its more prestigious racing circuit.
Seabiscuit's run of victories continued. Between June 26 and August 7, he ran five times, each time in a stakes race, and each time he won under steadily increasing handicap weights (imposts) of up to 130 pounds (59 kg). On September 11, Smith accepted an impost of 132 pounds (60 kg) for the Narragansett Special at Narragansett Park. On race day, the ground was slow and heavy, and unsuited to "the Biscuit", carrying the heaviest burden of his career. Smith wanted to scratch, but Howard overruled him. Never in the running, Seabiscuit finished third. His winning streak was snapped, but the season was not over; Seabiscuit won his next three races (one a dead heat) before finishing the year with a second place at Pimlico.
In 1937, Seabiscuit won 11 of his 15 races and was the year's leading money winner in the United States. War Admiral, having won the Triple Crown that season, was voted the most prestigious honor, the American Horse of the Year Award.
Early five-year-old season[edit]
Seabiscuit with Red Pollard
In 1938, as a five-year-old, Seabiscuit's success continued. On February 19, Pollard suffered a terrible fall while racing on Fair Knightess, another of Howard's horses. With half of Pollard's chest caved in by the weight of the fallen horse, Howard had to find a new jockey. After trying three, he settled on George Woolf, an already successful rider and old friend of Pollard's.
Woolf's first race aboard Seabiscuit was the Santa Anita Handicap, "The Hundred Grander" the horse had narrowly lost the previous year. Seabiscuit was drawn on the outside, and at the start was impeded by another horse, Count Atlas, angling out. The two were locked together for the first straight, and by the time Woolf disentangled his horse, they were six lengths off the pace. Seabiscuit worked his way to the lead but lost in a photo finish to the fast-closing Santa Anita Derby winner, Stagehand (owned by Maxwell Howard, not related to Charles), who had been assigned 30 pounds (14 kg) less than Seabiscuit.
Throughout 1937 and 1938, the media speculated about a match race between Seabiscuit and the seemingly invincible War Admiral (sired by Man o' War, Seabiscuit's grandsire). The two horses were scheduled to meet in three stakes races, but one or the other was scratched, usually due to Seabiscuit's dislike of heavy ground. After extensive negotiation, the owners organized a match race for May 1938 at Belmont, but Seabiscuit was scratched.
By June, Pollard had recovered, and on June 23, he agreed to work a young colt named Modern Youth. Spooked by something on the track, the horse broke rapidly through the stables and threw Pollard, shattering his leg and seemingly ending his career.
Howard arranged a match race for Seabiscuit against Ligaroti, a highly regarded horse owned by the Hollywood entertainer Bing Crosby and Howard's son, Lindsay, through Binglin Stable, in an event organized to promote Crosby's resort and Del Mar Racetrack in Del Mar, California. With Woolf aboard, Seabiscuit won that race, despite persistent fouling from Ligaroti's jockey. After three more outings and with only one win, he was scheduled to go head-to-head with War Admiral in the Pimlico Special in November, in Baltimore, Maryland.[6]
Sent to race on the East Coast, on October 16, 1938, Seabiscuit ran second by two lengths in the Laurel Stakes to the filly Jacola, who set a new Laurel Park Racecourse record of 1:37.00 for one mile.[7]
"George Woolf always said he never had more fun on a racehorse than he did that day in 1938 at Pimlico, when Tom Smith, the horse's trainer, lifted Woolf aboard Seabiscuit for the big match race against War Admiral."[6]
William Nack, Sports Illustrated, November 29, 1999
On November 1, 1938, Seabiscuit met War Admiral and jockey Charles Kurtsinger in what was dubbed the "Match of the Century." The event was run over 1 3⁄16 miles (1.9 km) at Pimlico Race Course. From the grandstands to the infield, the track was jammed with fans. Trains were run from all over the country to bring fans to the race, and the estimated 40,000 at the track were joined by 40 million listening on the radio. War Admiral was the favorite (1–4 with most bookmakers) and a nearly unanimous selection of the writers and tipsters, excluding a California contingent.
Head-to-head races favor fast starters, and War Admiral's speed from the gate was well known. Seabiscuit, on the other hand, was a pace stalker, skilled at holding with the pack before pulling ahead with late acceleration. From the scheduled walk-up start, few gave him a chance to lead War Admiral into the first turn. Smith knew these things and trained Seabiscuit to run against this type, using a starting bell and a whip to give the horse a Pavlovian burst of speed from the start.
When the bell rang, Seabiscuit broke in front, led by over a length after 20 seconds, and soon crossed over to the rail position. Halfway down the backstretch, War Admiral started to cut into the lead, gradually pulling level with Seabiscuit, then slightly ahead. Following advice he had received from Pollard, Woolf had eased up on Seabiscuit, allowing his horse to see his rival, then asked for more effort. Two hundred yards from the wire, Seabiscuit pulled away again and continued to extend his lead over the closing stretch, finally winning by four lengths despite War Admiral's running his best time for the distance.
As a result of his races that year, Seabiscuit was named American Horse of the Year for 1938, beating War Admiral by 698 points to 489 in a poll conducted by the Turf and Sport Digest magazine.[8] Seabiscuit was the number one newsmaker of 1938.[9] The only major prize that eluded him was the Santa Anita Handicap.
Injury and return[edit]
Seabiscuit was injured during a race. Woolf, who was riding him, said that he felt the horse stumble. The injury was not life-threatening, although many predicted Seabiscuit would never race again. The diagnosis was a ruptured suspensory ligament in the front left leg. With Seabiscuit out of action, Smith and Howard concentrated on their horse Kayak II, an Argentine stallion.
Seabiscuit and a still-convalescing Pollard recovered together at Howard's ranch, with the help of Pollard's new wife Agnes, who had nursed him through his initial recovery. Slowly, both horse and rider learned to walk again (Pollard joked that they "had four good legs between" them).[10] Poverty and his injury had brought Pollard to the edge of alcoholism. A local doctor broke and reset Pollard's leg to aid his recovery, and slowly Pollard regained the confidence to sit on a horse. Wearing a brace to stiffen his atrophied leg, he began to ride Seabiscuit again, first at a walk and later at a trot and canter. Howard was delighted at their improvement, as he longed for Seabiscuit to race again, but was extremely worried about Pollard, as his leg was still fragile.
Over the fall and winter of 1939, Seabiscuit's fitness seemed to improve by the day. By the end of the year, Smith was ready to return the horse to race training, with a collection of stable jockeys in the saddle. By the time of his comeback race, Pollard had cajoled Howard into allowing him the ride. After the horse was scratched due to soft going, the pair finally lined up at the start of the La Jolla Handicap at Santa Anita, on February 9, 1940. Seabiscuit was third, beaten by two lengths. By their third comeback race, Seabiscuit was back to his winning ways, running away from the field in the San Antonio Handicap to beat his erstwhile training partner, Kayak II, by two and a half lengths. Under 124 pounds (56 kg), Seabiscuit equalled the track record for a mile and 1/16.
Seabiscuit winning the Santa Anita Handicap in 1940
One race was left in the season. A week after the San Antonio, Seabiscuit and Kayak II both took the gate for the Santa Anita Handicap and its $121,000 prize. 78,000 paying spectators crammed the racetrack, most backing Seabiscuit. Pollard found his horse blocked almost from the start. Picking his way through the field, Seabiscuit briefly led. As they thundered down the back straight, Seabiscuit became trapped in third place, behind leader Whichcee and Wedding Call on the outside.
Trusting in his horse's acceleration, Pollard steered between the leaders and burst into the lead, taking the firm ground just off the rail. As Seabiscuit showed his old surge, Wedding Call and Whichcee faltered, and Pollard drove his horse on, taking "The Hundred Grander" by a length and a half from the fast-closing Kayak II. Pandemonium engulfed the course. Neither horse and rider, nor trainer and owner, could get through the sea of well-wishers to the winner's enclosure for some time.
Retirement, later life, and offspring[edit]
On April 10, Seabiscuit's retirement from racing was officially announced. When he was retired to the Ridgewood Ranch near Willits, California, he was horse racing's all-time leading money winner. Put out to stud, Seabiscuit sired 108 foals, including two moderately successful racehorses: Sea Sovereign and Sea Swallow. Over 50,000 visitors went to Ridgewood Ranch to see Seabiscuit in his seven years there before his death.[11][12]
Death and interment[edit]
Seabiscuit died of a probable heart attack[13] on May 17, 1947, in Willits, California, six days short of 14 years old. He is buried at Ridgewood Ranch in Mendocino County, California.[11][12][14]
Legacy and honors[edit]
Statue at Santa Anita
Awards and honorable distinctions[edit]
In 1958, Seabiscuit was voted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame.
In the Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century (1999), Seabiscuit was ranked 25th. War Admiral was 13th, and Seabiscuit's grandsire and War Admiral's sire, Man o' War, placed 1st.
Portrayals in film and television[edit]
Documentaries[edit]
American Experience: "Seabiscuit" (April 21, 2003)[15]) is a documentary episode that aired as Season 15, Episode 11[15] of the PBS American Experience series.[16]
ESPN SportsCentury: "Seabiscuit" (November 17, 2003), Seabiscuit was featured on ESPN's SportsCentury Greatest Athletes series.[17]
The True Story of Seabiscuit (July 27, 2003) is a 45-minute made-for-TV documentary directed by Craig Haffner, written by Martin Gillam, and containing interviews and footage with William H. Macy, Seabiscuit, and Tobey Maguire, that aired on the USA Network.[18]
Seabiscuit: the Lost Documentary (1939) by Seabiscuit's owner Charles Howard. The film was directed by Manny Nathan, and written by Nathan and Hazel Merry Hawkins. It stars Martin Mason, Doc Bond, Charles Howard as himself and his wife, Marcella.[19] It was colorized and released in 2003 by Legend Films to coincide with interest around the movie.[19]
Seabiscuit: America's Legendary Racehorse (2003) directed and produced by Nick Krantz.
Fiction films[edit]
Stablemates (1938), starring Wallace Beery and Mickey Rooney. Film producer Harry Rapf arranged a deal whereby he could film the $50,000 Hollywood Gold Cup, and actual footage of Seabiscuit running in the race was used. The field is headed by Seabiscuit for the "straight" race in the film.[20]
Porky and Teabiscuit (1939) is Warner Bros.' Porky Pig cartoon take on Seabiscuit's underdog story.
The Story of Seabiscuit (1949), starring Shirley Temple in her second to last film, is a fictionalized account featuring Sea Sovereign in the title role. An otherwise undistinguished film, it did include actual footage of the 1938 match race against War Admiral and the 1940 Santa Anita Handicap.
Seabiscuit (2003), Universal Studios' adaptation of Laura Hillenbrand's bestselling 2001 book, was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture
The Making of Seabiscuit (December 16, 2003) is a documentary short directed by Laurent Bouzereau and starring Jeff Bridges, Chris Cooper, and William Goldenberg, produced by DreamWorks SKG, Herzog Productions, Spyglass Entertainment, and Universal Studios, and distributed by Universal Studios Home Video.[21]
Non-fiction books[edit]
Track writer B.K. Beckwith wrote Seabiscuit: The Saga of a Great Champion (1940), with a foreword by Grantland Rice, right after Seabiscuit's Santa Anita win and at the moment of the horse's retirement.[22]
Ralph Moody wrote Come On, Seabiscuit! (1963), illustrated by Robert Riger, which was recently reprinted by the University of Nebraska Press.[23]
Laura Hillenbrand's book Seabiscuit: An American Legend (2001) became a bestseller,[24] and in 2003 it was adapted for film.
Postage stamp[edit]
In 2009, after an 8-year-long grassroots effort by Maggie Van Ostrand and Chuck Lustick, Seabiscuit was honored by the United States Postal Service with a stamp bearing his likeness. Thousands of signatures were obtained from all over the nation, and the final approval was given by Citizens Stamp Committee member Joan Mondale, wife of former Vice President Walter Mondale.[25]
Seabiscuit statue at Santa Anita
Statues[edit]
A statue of Seabiscuit (not life-sized) sits outside the main entrance of The Shops at Tanforan, a shopping mall built upon the former site of the Tanforan Racetrack. Seabiscuit was stabled there briefly in 1939, while preparing for his comeback.[26]
In the 1940s, businessman and racehorse owner W. Arnold Hanger donated a statuette of Seabiscuit to the Keeneland library.
In 1941, a life-sized bronze statue of Seabiscuit, hand-tooled by Frank Buchler, was installed at Santa Anita Park; it now stands in the walking ring at the track's "Seabiscuit Court"
On June 23, 2007, a statue of Seabiscuit was unveiled at Ridgewood Ranch.
On July 17, 2010, a life-size statue of George Woolf and Seabiscuit was unveiled at the Remington Carriage Museum in Woolf's hometown of Cardston, Alberta. This coincided with the 100th anniversary of Woolf's birth, though not the actual date.
In 1941, sculptor Hughlette "Tex" Wheeler cast two bronze statues from Seabiscuit: one stands at Santa Anita racetrack in Arcadia, CA; the other is in Saratoga Springs, outside the National Museum of Racing.[27]
Pedigree[edit]
Pedigree of Seabiscuit[28]
Sire
Hard Tack
b. 1926
Man o' War
ch. 1917 Fair Play
ch. 1905 Hastings
Fairy Gold
Mahubah
b. 1910 Rock Sand
Merry Token
Tea Biscuit
1912 Rock Sand
br. 1900 Sainfoin
Roquebrune
Tea's Over
ch. 1893[29] Hanover
Tea Rose
Dam
Swing On
b. 1926
Whisk Broom II
ch. 1907 Broomstick
b. 1901 Ben Brush
Elf
Audience
1901 Sir Dixon
Sallie McClelland
Balance
b. 1919 Rabelais
br. 1900 St. Simon
Satirical
Balancoire
b. 1911 Meddler
Ballantrae
Notable races won[edit]
Seabiscuit ran 89 times at 16 different distances over the course of his career.[30]
Brooklyn Handicap (1937)[31]
San Antonio Handicap (1940)
Santa Anita Handicap (1940)
Notes[edit]
^ a: The Saturday Evening Post, dated April 27, 1940, reported: "By the following March the horse failed only by inches—because his jockey erred in looking back—to win in his first try at the Santa Anita Handicap, richest of all races."[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Seabiscuit(1933–1947)". IMDb.
Jump up ^ "Seabiscuit Biography". IMDb.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Champion". Saturday Evening Post. 212 (44). April 27, 1940. p. 28.
Jump up ^ Stradley, Linda (2004). "H (see "hardtack")". Linda's Culinary Dictionary. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Hillenbrand, Laura (2001). Seabiscuit: An American Legend.
^ Jump up to: a b Nack, William (November 29, 1999). "A Match Made in Heaven". Sports Illustrated. 91 (21). p. 128.
Jump up ^ "Wall Rides Jacola to Two-Length Triumph Over Seabiscuit in Laurel Stakes; Jacola, 7-1, Breaks Laurel Mile Mark; Filly Conquers Seabiscuit in 1:37". The New York Times. October 16, 1938.
Jump up ^ "Seabiscuit voted best of 1938 crop". Prescott Evening Courier. 1938-12-12. Retrieved 2012-02-26.
Jump up ^ Andriani, Lynn (January 01, 2001), "PW Talks with Laura Hillenbrand". Publishers Weekly. 248 (1):75
Jump up ^ Hillenbrand, Laura (July–August 1998). "'Four good legs between us'". American Heritage. 49 (4). p. 38.
^ Jump up to: a b "In the 1930s, San Francisco Tycoon Charles Howard". SFgate.
^ Jump up to: a b "Seabiscuit". Find a Grave.
Jump up ^ "Seabiscuit Biography". IMDb.
Jump up ^ "Seabiscuit (1933–1947)". IMDb.
^ Jump up to: a b "Seabiscuit". American Experience. IMDb. April 21, 2003.
Jump up ^ "Seabiscuit". American Experience. WGBH. PBS. April 21, 2003. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "ESPN SportsCentury - Seabiscuit". November 17, 2003.
Jump up ^ The True Story of Seabiscuit. USA Network. July 27, 2003.
^ Jump up to: a b [1]
Jump up ^ "Seabiscuit Runs In Gold Cup Race" (Vol XII, No. 14). Desert Sun. November 4, 1938. p. 9.
Jump up ^ The Making of Seabiscuit. Universal Studios Home Video. December 16, 2003.
Jump up ^ Beckwith, B.K. & Rice, Grantland (Foreword) (1940). Seabiscuit: The Saga of a Great Champion. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ Moody, Ralph & Riger, Robert (Illustrator) (1963). Come On, Seabiscuit!. ISBN 0-8032-8287-7. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Hillenbrand, Laura (2001). Seabiscuit: An American Legend. ISBN 0-449-00561-5.
Jump up ^ "As Seabiscuit Looks On, US Postal Service Gives Racing Legend Big Stamp of Approval at Historic Ridgewood Ranch, CA(New Stamped Envelope Honoring the Great Horse Goes on Sale Today)". Sea Biscuit Heritage. Willits, CA. May 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Seabiscuit at Tanforan; Howard Horse to Start Training for Racing Comeback". The New York Times. October 24, 1939.
Jump up ^ http://www.roadsideamerica.com/story/20753. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Seabiscuit". Equineline. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Vintner Mare - Family 9". Bloodlines.net. Retrieved 2012-08-04.
Jump up ^ Hillenbrand, Laura (May/June 2000), "Racehorse". American Heritage. 51 (3):78
Jump up ^ Durso, Joseph (June 17, 1994), "Horse Racing: Notebook; A Revival at Belmont For Stars Who Stayed". The New York Times :17
Further reading[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Seabiscuit.
Beckwith, B.K. (1940), Seabiscuit: The Saga of a Great Champion, with drawings by Howard Brodie, Wilfred Crowell, Inc., San Francisco.
Hillenbrand, Laura (2001), Seabiscuit: An American Legend.
Rasmussen, Zach (2013), Seabiscuit: An Unlikely Champion.
External links[edit]
Newsreel film of Seabiscuit v War Admiral
Seabiscuit Heritage Foundation. Livingston, Tracy (2005), retrieved June 26, 2005.
"Seabiscuit", Snopes.com (2005), retrieved June 18, 2015.
Seabiscuit, 1938 Horse of the Year
Seabiscuit, Hollywood film, 2003
The Story of Seabiscuit, Hollywood film, 1949
The Biscuit's pedigree
Quick online racing game, inc. The Biscuit
Article about the Seabiscuit-War Admiral match race
Youtube of the 1938 match race
Seabiscuit, an American Experience documentary film by Stephen Ives, shown on PBS
www.janiburon.com, website of author of Seabiscuit books
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seabiscuit&oldid=815937970"
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text:
I Took a Pill in Ibiza
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"I Took a Pill in Ibiza"
Single by Mike Posner
from the album The Truth and At Night, Alone
Released
July 24, 2015 (2015-07-24)
Format
CD
digital download
Recorded
2015
Genre
Folk pop (original version)
Tropical house (Seeb remix)
Length
4:40 (original version)
3:19 (SeeB remix)
Label
Island
Songwriter(s)
Mike Posner
Producer(s)
Mike Posner
Seeb
Martin Terefe
Mike Posner singles chronology
"Be As You Are"
(2015) "I Took a Pill in Ibiza"
(2015) "Buried in Detroit"
(2015)
"Be As You Are"
(2015) "I Took a Pill in Ibiza"
(2015) "Buried in Detroit"
(2015)
Music video
Official Music Video on YouTube
Official Music Video (SeeB remix) on YouTube
"I Took a Pill in Ibiza" (also known by its censored title "In Ibiza" or its clean title "I Took a Plane to Ibiza") is a song by American singer Mike Posner. The song, originally acoustic guitar-based, was remixed by the Norwegian duo SeeB, Exec Producer Michael 'JellyBean' Gomez and released digitally as a single in the United States on July 24, 2015. The original version is on Posner's second EP The Truth, while both versions are on his second studio album At Night, Alone.
The famous SeeB remix reached the top ten of the charts in twenty seven countries, including number one in Belgium, Ireland, Israel, Netherlands, Norway and the United Kingdom. In the UK, the song remained at the top of the charts for four weeks. It has achieved high chart positions in Posner's native United States, where it reached number one on both the Billboard Dance/Mix Show Airplay Chart and the Billboard Pop Songs chart, also peaking at number four on the main chart Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks. The song became Posner's biggest single, outperforming his debut, "Cooler than Me" (2010), and was later nominated for a Grammy Award for Song of the Year.
Contents
1 Background
2 Composition
3 Critical reception
4 Performances
5 Controversy
6 Music videos
7 Use in media
8 Track listing
9 Charts
9.1 Weekly charts
9.2 Year-end charts
10 Certifications
11 Release history
12 References
13 External links
Background[edit]
It was sort of a mystery pill. I was already under the influence of alcohol at the time. I had written a song with Avicii that week in Sweden called "Stay with You" and he was playing in Ibiza so I said, 'I will just go there with you,' because I was already in Europe. I don't have like a regular 9–5 job ... so might as well go to Ibiza, right? I had never been there before. So I went. We were at his show and I was drinking at the time. I just sort of moseyed out into the audience to watch Avicii spin from their point of view. I would go back and forth between the backstage and the VIP area and then where the actual kids were. And most people didn't know who the heck I was in Ibiza except for this one guy who recognized me. He was like, 'Are you Mike Posner?' and he was all excited. He holds up this little bag of pills and is like, 'You want one?' And drunk Mike Posner was like, 'F*** it, yeah.' So I took one and I had never done that before, and then I felt amazing. Then when I came down I felt 10 years older.[1]
—  Mike Posner explaining the inspiration for the song, August 2015
Regarding their remix, SeeB told Official Charts: "We got it from Matt D'Arduini, VP A&R at Island Records. It was really slow and we only listened to the vocals on it. Matt sent us the multitrack of Mike's new EP and we picked "Ibiza" right away. Such a brilliant lyric and melody but it needed a new soundscape to be a hit."[2] Posner has called the success of the remix version both "ironic" and "beautiful": "I wrote this sad thing, and it was me processing some dark and heavy emotion, and now people seem to be having their own joyous memories out of my sadness. That’s a very beautiful thing as an artist."[3]
Composition[edit]
The original version of "I Took a Pill in Ibiza" by Posner is a folk pop song,[4] and is written in the key of B ♭ major,[5] while SeeB's remix is a tropical house song,[6] and is written in the key of G minor in half time with a tempo of 102 beats per minute.[7] It follows a chord progression of Gm – F – E♭maj7 – B♭, and Posner's vocals span from B♭2 to D4.[8]
Critical reception[edit]
Billboard ranked "I Took a Pill in Ibiza" #30 on its "100 Best Pop Songs of 2016: Critics' Picks" list, writing, "The weirdness of 2016 might be best encapsulated by Mike Posner earning his first Hot 100 top 10 in nearly six years—and ending the year with a Grammy nomination for Song of the Year—for a song lamenting his status as 'a singer who already blew his shot.' That's due in part to the power of SeeB's buoyant, tropical house-flavored remix, but the cautionary tale of post-fame and excess drives it home, even as it ironically became Posner’s biggest hit yet."[9]
Time was more negative toward the remix, stating, "Originally conceived as a folksy pop song in the vein of Jason Mraz, there was something clever about Posner's withering takedown of drug-taking EDM bro culture. But the much more popular SeeB remix sapped it of its wit, turning it into the exact thing it was satirizing. What a comedown."[10]
Performances[edit]
Mike Posner performs the song live in the style of SeeB's remix, but with a live band and adding the third verse on vocals and guitar only. He has performed the song on a number of talk shows including The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and The Ellen DeGeneres Show. In his rendition on the talk show Conan, he brought in a 10-piece string orchestra and 4 backing vocalists, and he introduced a new intro and final verse to the song, the latter of which talked about Posner's father having cancer. He also performed an acoustic version on Elvis Duran and the Morning Show at the Elvis Duran Performing Arts Center.
Artist Tom Odell performed a cover of the song on the BBC Live Lounge, which received very good feedback from fans and critics.
Controversy[edit]
In April 2016, it was reported that tourism officials in Ibiza (Spain) were "annoyed" by the song as they felt it contributed to Ibiza's reputation for drug-related debauchery due to lyrics in the song such as "I took a pill in Ibiza" and "You don't want to be high like me". The island's tourism director, Vicent Ferrer, stated, "We have invited the author of this song to discover Ibiza because we have much more to offer besides the nightlife which is known worldwide," and noted that the island had been "typecast" due to its reputation for nightlife and as a partying destination.[11]
Music videos[edit]
A music video featuring the SeeB remix was launched via Posner's YouTube Vevo account on February 26, 2016. It portrays Posner as a druggie whose face is replaced by a papier-mâchéd mask. The man spends the video becoming increasingly intoxicated as he mingles with girls and his equally self-destructive friends. The man sings about how his fame, having long since faded, left him completely empty inside and unable to feel any kind of fulfillment, causing him to attempt to fill the void with his rampant hedonism and material possessions.
A second music video featuring the original version was released on March 15, 2016. It features Posner with sheets of paper depicting lyrics of the song in a style similar to Bob Dylan's 1965 electric folk song, "Subterranean Homesick Blues".
Use in media[edit]
The song is featured in the television shows Scream, Superstore and Riverdale. It was also played during the swimsuit competition of Miss Universe 2016.
Track listing[edit]
Digital download[12]
No.
Title
Length
1. "I Took a Pill in Ibiza" (SeeB Remix) 3:19
showCD single[13]
No.
Title
Length
1. "I Took a Pill in Ibiza" (SeeB Remix) 3:18
2. "I Took a Pill in Ibiza" 4:43
Total length: 8:01
showPromotional CD single[14]
No.
Title
Length
1. "I Took a Pill in Ibiza" (SeeB Radio Edit) (Clean) 3:18
2. "I Took a Pill in Ibiza" (SeeB Remix) (Clean) 4:00
3. "I Took a Pill in Ibiza" (SeeB Radio Edit) (Dirty) 3:18
4. "I Took a Pill in Ibiza" (SeeB Remix) (Dirty) 4:00
5. "I Took a Plane to Ibiza" (SeeB Radio Edit) (Clean) 3:18
Total length: 17:54
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2015–16)
Peak
position
Argentina (Monitor Latino)[15]
3
Australia (ARIA)[16]
5
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[17]
4
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[18]
1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[19]
1
Belgium Dance (Ultratop Flanders)[20]
1
Brazil (Billboard Brasil Hot 100)[21]
5
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[22]
2
Canada AC (Billboard)[23]
21
Canada CHR/Top 40 (Billboard)[24]
1
Canada Hot AC (Billboard)[25]
7
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[26]
1
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[27]
3
Denmark (Tracklisten)[28]
4
Ecuador (National-Report)[29]
1
Euro Digital Songs (Billboard)[30]
1
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[31]
7
France (SNEP)[32]
6
Germany (Official German Charts)[33]
5
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[34]
10
Hungary (Single Top 40)[35]
5
Hungary (Dance Top 40)[36]
10
Ireland (IRMA)[37]
1
Israel (Media Forest)[38]
1
Italy (FIMI)[39]
7
Luxembourg Digital Songs (Billboard)[40]
9
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[41]
1
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[42]
1
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[43]
3
Norway (VG-lista)[44]
1
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)[45]
2
Portugal (AFP)[46]
2
Russia Airplay (Tophit)[47]
43
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[48]
1
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[49]
2
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[50]
1
South Africa (EMA)[51]
9
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[52]
8
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[53]
7
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[54]
4
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[55]
1
UK Dance (Official Charts Company)[56]
1
US Billboard Hot 100[57]
4
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[58]
23
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[59]
5
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[60]
22
US Dance/Mix Show Airplay (Billboard)[61]
1
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[62]
1
US Rhythmic (Billboard)[63]
4
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2016)
Position
Argentina (Monitor Latino)[64]
11
Australia (ARIA)[65]
16
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[66]
11
Belgium (Ultratop Flanders)[67]
3
Belgium (Ultratop Wallonia)[68]
6
Brazil (Brasil Hot 100)[69]
27
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[70]
5
Denmark (Tracklisten)[71]
11
France (SNEP)[72]
19
Germany (Official German Charts)[73]
11
Hungary (Single Top 40)[74]
11
Israel (Media Forest)[75]
14
Italy (FIMI)[76]
7
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[77]
2
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[78]
12
Poland (ZPAV)[79]
5
Slovenia (SloTop50)[80]
17
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[81]
10
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[82]
7
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[83]
7
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[84]
4
US Billboard Hot 100[85]
15
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[86]
25
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[87]
5
Chart (2017)
Position
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[88]
39
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[89]
3× Platinum 210,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[90]
7× Platinum 560,000^
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[91]
5× Platinum 120,000*
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[92]
2× Platinum 120,000^
France (SNEP)[93]
Diamond 250,000*
Germany (BVMI)[94]
3× Gold 600,000^
Italy (FIMI)[95]
6× Platinum 300,000
New Zealand (RMNZ)[96]
2× Platinum 30,000*
Norway (IFPI Norway)[97]
3× Platinum 30,000*
Poland (ZPAV)[98]
3× Platinum 60,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[99]
3× Platinum 120,000^
Sweden (GLF)[100]
8× Platinum 320,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[101]
2× Platinum 1,200,000
United States (RIAA)[102]
4× Platinum 1,554,000[103]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
United States July 24, 2015 Digital download Island [104]
United Kingdom [12]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Pop Songs - Year-End 2016". Billboard. Billboard. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Rádiós Top 100 - hallgatottsági adatok alapján - 2017". Mahasz. Retrieved 17 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2016 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – Tory Lanez – I Took a Pill in Ibiza". Music Canada.
Jump up ^ "Universal Music Brasil". Universal Music. Instagram. August 1, 2017. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Certificeringer". IFPI Denmark. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "French single certifications – Mike Posner – I Took A Pill In Ibiza" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Mike Posner; 'I Took a Pill in Ibiza')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Mike Posner – I Took A Pill In Ibiza" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Mike Posner – I Took a Pill in Ibiza". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Norwegian single certifications – Mike Posner – I Took A Pill In Ibiza" (in Norwegian). IFPI Norway.
Jump up ^ "Polish single certifications – Mike Posner – I Took a Pill in Ibiza" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Spanish single certifications – Mike Posner – I Took a Pill in Ibiza (Seeb Remix)" (in Spanish). Novedades y Listas Oficiales de Ventas de Música en España. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sverige Topplistan". Sverigetopplistan. February 2, 2017. Archived from the original on December 26, 2015. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Mike Posner – I Took A Pill In Ibiza". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved August 12, 2016. Select singles in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Enter I Took A Pill In Ibiza in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Mike Posner – I Took A Pill In Ibiza". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved May 24, 2018. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "The Best-Selling Singles of 2016". Yahoo! Music. December 19, 2016. Retrieved December 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ I Took a Pill In Ibiza (SeeB Remix) - Single by Mike Posner on iTunes[dead link]
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
"I Took a Pill in Ibiza" Audio on YouTube
"I Took a Pill in Ibiza (SeeB Remix)" Audio on YouTube
show
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Mike Posner
Discography
Studio albums
31 Minutes to Takeoff (2010)
At Night, Alone. (2016)
Extended plays
Cooler Than Me (2010)
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A Matter of Time (2009)
Singles
"Cooler than Me"
"Please Don't Go"
"Bow Chicka Wow Wow"
"Looks Like Sex"
"The Way It Used to Be"
"I Took a Pill in Ibiza"
Featured singles
"With Ur Love"
"Switch Lanes"
"L.A. Story"
"Remember I Told You"
Related articles
J Records
Big Sean
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SeeB
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Cherrapunji
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Sohra
Sohra
Cherrapunji
Town
Sohra has held the record for highest rainfall multiple times in the past
Sohra
Sohra
Show map of Meghalaya Show map of India Show all
Location in Meghalaya, India
Coordinates: 25°18′N 91°42′E / 25.3°N 91.7°E / 25.3; 91.7Coordinates: 25°18′N 91°42′E / 25.3°N 91.7°E / 25.3; 91.7
Country
India
State
Meghalaya
District
East Khasi Hills
Elevation
1,484 m (4,869 ft)
Population (2011)
• Total
14,816
• Density
397/km2 (1,030/sq mi)
Languages
• Official
Khasi, English
Time zone
IST (UTC+5:30)
Telephone code
03637
Precipitation
11,777 millimetres (463.7 in)
Climate
Cwb
Website
http://cherrapunjee.gov.in/
Cherrapunji (/tʃɛrəˈpʌndʒi, tʃɛrəˈpʊndʒi/, second pronunciation (help·info), with the historic name Sohra being more commonly used, and can also be spelled Cherrapunjee or Cherrapunji) is a subdivisional town in the East Khasi Hills district in the Indian state of Meghalaya. It is the traditional capital of aNongkhlaw hima (Khasi tribal chieftainship constituting a petty state), both known as Sohra or Churra.
Cherrapunji has oft been credited as being the wettest place on Earth, but for now nearby Mawsynram currently holds that distinction. Cherrapunji still holds the all-time record for the most rainfall in a calendar month and in a year, however: it received 9,300 millimetres (370 in; 30.5 ft) in July 1861 and 26,461 millimetres (1,041.8 in; 86.814 ft) between 1 August 1860 and 31 July 1861.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
2.1 Climate
2.2 Causes of high rainfall
3 Demographics
4 Culture
5 Education
6 Media
7 See also
8 References
9 Sources and external links
History[edit]
The original name for this town was Sohra (soh-ra), which was pronounced "Churra" by the British. This name eventually evolved into the current name, Cherrapunji, meaning 'land of oranges', which was first used by tourists from other parts of India.
Despite abundant rainfall, Cherrapunji faces an acute water shortage and the inhabitants often have to trek very long distances to obtain potable water.[2] Irrigation is also hampered due to excessive rain washing away the topsoil as a result of human encroachment into the forests. The Meghalaya state government has renamed Cherrapunji back to its original name, "Sohra". There is a monument to David Scott (British Administrator in NE India, 1802–31) in the Cherrapunji cemetery.
The history of the Khasi people – native inhabitants of Cherrapunji – may be traced from the early part of the 16th century. Between the 16th and 18th centuries, these people were ruled by their tribal 'Syiems (Rajas or Chiefs) of Khyriem' in the Khasi Hills. The Khasis hills came under British authority in 1883 with the submission of the last of the important Syiems, Tirot Sing.
The main pivot on which the entire superstructure of Khasi society rests is the matrilineal system.[citation needed]
Geography[edit]
Cherrapunji, India
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
11
16
7
46
17
9
240
21
13
938
22
15
1214
22
16
2294
23
18
3272
22
18
1760
23
18
1352
23
18
549
23
16
72
20
12
29
17
8
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
Precipitation totals in mm
Source: NOAA
[show]Imperial conversion
J F M A M J J A S O N D
0.4
60
45
1.8
63
48
9.4
69
55
37
71
58
48
72
61
90
73
64
129
72
65
69
73
65
53
73
64
22
73
60
2.8
69
54
1.1
63
47
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
Precipitation totals in inches
Cherrapunji is located at 25°18′N 91°42′E / 25.30°N 91.70°E / 25.30; 91.70. It has an average elevation of 1,484 metres (4,869 ft) and sits on a plateau in the southern part of the Khasi Hills, facing the plains of Bangladesh. The plateau rises 600 meters above the surrounding valleys.
Soils on the plateau are poor owing to deforestation and washout caused by heavy rainfall. Owing to winter droughts, the vegetation in this location is even xerophytic in spite of the fame of Cherrapunji as an extremely wet place. Additional pressure on local ecosystems is created by the rapid increase of the population — from a Sohra-area population of 7,000 in 1960, it grew to over 100,000 by 2000.[3]
Valleys around Cherrapunji, however, are covered with lush and very diverse vegetation, containing numerous endemic species of plants, including Meghalaya subtropical forests. Although there is heavy rainfall in Cherrapunji, there is a high scarcity of clean water.
There are some interesting living root briges in Cherrapunjee like the Umshiang root bridge, Mawsaw root bridge, Ritymmen root bridge etc.
The Shillong Plateau is an uplifted horst-like feature, bounded by the E-W Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) to the North, the N-S Jamuna fault in the west, and the NW-SE kopilli fracture zone in the east.
Climate[edit]
View of Bangladesh plains from Cherrapunji
Sohra or Cherrapunji has a mild subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb), with monsoonal influences typical of India. The city's yearly rainfall average stands at 11,777 millimetres (463.7 in).[4] This figure places it behind only nearby Mawsynram, Meghalaya, whose average is 11,873 millimetres (467.4 in). Cherrapunji receives both the southwest and northeast monsoonal winds, giving it a single monsoon season. It lies on the windward side of the Khasi Hills, so the resulting orographic lift enhances precipitation. In the winter months it receives the northeast monsoon showers that travel down the Brahmaputra valley. The driest months are November, December, January and February.
Temperatures average 11.5 °C (52.7 °F) in January and 20.6 °C (69.1 °F) in August, and the annual mean is 17.3 °C (63.1 °F)
Cherrapunji holds two Guinness world records for receiving the maximum amount of rainfall in a single year: 26,471 millimetres (1,042.2 in) of rainfall between August 1860 and July 1861 and for receiving the maximum amount of rainfall in a single month: 9,300 millimetres (370 in) in July 1861.[5]
[hide]Climate data for Cherrapunji (1971–1990)
Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year
Record high °C (°F)
26.7
(80.1) 28.9
(84) 30.6
(87.1) 28.3
(82.9) 30.2
(86.4) 29.2
(84.6) 28.6
(83.5) 29.5
(85.1) 31.1
(88) 29.9
(85.8) 27.2
(81) 24.5
(76.1) 31.1
(88)
Average high °C (°F)
15.7
(60.3) 17.3
(63.1) 20.5
(68.9) 21.7
(71.1) 22.4
(72.3) 22.7
(72.9) 22.0
(71.6) 22.9
(73.2) 22.7
(72.9) 22.7
(72.9) 20.4
(68.7) 17.0
(62.6) 20.7
(69.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)
11.5
(52.7) 13.1
(55.6) 16.5
(61.7) 18.1
(64.6) 19.3
(66.7) 20.3
(68.5) 20.1
(68.2) 20.6
(69.1) 20.2
(68.4) 19.3
(66.7) 16.4
(61.5) 12.7
(54.9) 17.3
(63.1)
Average low °C (°F)
7.2
(45) 8.9
(48) 12.5
(54.5) 14.5
(58.1) 16.1
(61) 17.9
(64.2) 18.1
(64.6) 18.2
(64.8) 17.5
(63.5) 15.8
(60.4) 12.3
(54.1) 8.3
(46.9) 13.9
(57)
Record low °C (°F)
−1.0
(30.2) 0.3
(32.5) 0.6
(33.1) 3.9
(39) 3.3
(37.9) 9.2
(48.6) 10.0
(50) 6.0
(42.8) 12.4
(54.3) 7.8
(46) 3.7
(38.7) 1.7
(35.1) −1.0
(30.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches)
11
(0.43) 46
(1.81) 240
(9.45) 938
(36.93) 1,214
(47.8) 2,294
(90.31) 3,272
(128.82) 1,760
(69.29) 1,352
(53.23) 549
(21.61) 72
(2.83) 29
(1.14) 11,777
(463.65)
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)
1.5 3.4 8.6 19.4 22.1 25.0 29.0 26.0 21.4 9.8 2.8 1.4 170.4
Average relative humidity (%)
70 69 70 82 86 92 95 92 90 81 73 72 81
Source #1: NOAA[6]
Source #2: India Meteorological Department (record high and low up to 2010)[7]
Causes of high rainfall[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Nohkalikai falls
Seven Sisters' falls
Cherrapunji receives rains from the Bay of Bengal arm of the Indian summer monsoon. The monsoon clouds fly unhindered over the plains of Bangladesh for about 400 km. Thereafter, they hit the Khasi Hills which rise abruptly from the plains to a height of about 1,370 m above mean sea level within 2 to 5 km. The geography of the hills with many deep valleys channels encompassing the low-flying (150–300 m) moisture-laden clouds from a wide area converges over Cherrapunji. The winds push the rain clouds through these gorges and up the steep slopes. The rapid ascent of the clouds into the upper atmosphere hastens the cooling and helps vapours to condense. Most of Cherrapunji's rain is the result of air being lifted as a large body of water vapour. The extreme amount of rainfall at Cherrapunji is perhaps the best-known feature of orographic rain in northeast India.
Occasionally, cloudbursts can occur in one part of Cherrapunji while other areas may be totally or relatively dry, reflecting the high spatial variability of the rainfall. Atmospheric humidity is extremely high during the peak monsoon period.
The major part of the rainfall at Cherrapunji can be attributed to the orographic features. When the clouds are blown over the hills from the south, they are funneled through the valley. The clouds strike Cherrapunjee perpendicularly and the low flying clouds are pushed up the steep slopes. It is not surprising to find that the heaviest rainfalls occur when the winds blow directly on the Khasi Hills.
A notable feature of monsoon rain at Cherrapunji is that most of it falls in the morning. This could be partly due to two air masses coming together. During the monsoon months, the prevailing winds along the Brahmaputra valley generally blow from the east or the northeast, but the winds over Meghalaya are from the south. These two winds systems usually come together in the vicinity of the Khasi Hills. Apparently, the winds that are trapped in the valley at night begin their upward ascent only after they are warmed during the day. This partially explains the frequency of morning rainfall. Apart from orographic features, atmospheric convection plays an important role during the monsoon and the period just preceding it.
Demographics[edit]
As of 2001[update] India census,[8] Cherrapunji had a population of males 48.75% of the total population and females 51.25%. Cherrapunji has an average literacy rate of 74%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 74% and female liters under 6 years of age.
Culture[edit]
Khasi children (1944)
The locals living in and around Cherrapunji are known as Khasis. It is a matrilineal culture. After the wedding, the husband of the youngest daughter goes to live with his wife's family, who own the property of the family, while others live on their own getting a bit of the share. The children take on the surname of the mother.[9]
Cherrapunji is also famous for its living bridges. Over hundreds of years the people in Cherrapunji have developed techniques for growing roots of trees into large bridges. The process takes 10–15 years and the bridges typically last hundreds of years, the oldest ones in use being over 500 years old.[10]
Education[edit]
Sohra Government College is the only general degree college in Cherrapunji
Media[edit]
Cherrapunji has an All India Radio Rely station known as Akashvani Cherrapunji. It broadcasts on FM frequencies.
See also[edit]
Wettest places on Earth
Lloró
Mount Waialeale
Quibdó
Villa Puerto Edén
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Most annual rainfall". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
Jump up ^ Bhaumik, Subir (2003-04-28). "World's wettest area dries up" (stm). South Asia News. Calcutta. Retrieved 2008-02-21.
Jump up ^ "Cherrapunji (Sohra)". Wondermondo. 2010-08-28. Retrieved 2010-08-29.
Jump up ^ "Average Conditions Cherrapunji, India". Climate Charts. Retrieved March 2010. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ Guinness World Records 2005; pg-51 ISBN 0-85112-192-6
Jump up ^ "Cherrapunji Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Ever recorded Maximum and minimum temperatures up to 2010" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 2004-06-16. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
Jump up ^ Cherrapunjee Vacation Resort website
Jump up ^ Bridge to Nature: Amazing Indian Living Root Bridges
Sources and external links[edit]
Cherrapunji travel guide from Wikivoyage
cherrapunjee.com
Interactive Film Documentary by Geox - Testing A New Waterproof Shoe In The Rainiest Place On Earth
'For a Rainy Day', The Indian Express, 20 April 2008, by Arjun Razdan
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