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Charmed (season 6)
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Charmed (season 6)
DVD cover
Starring
Alyssa Milano
Rose McGowan
Holly Marie Combs
Brian Krause
Drew Fuller
Dorian Gregory
No. of episodes
23
Release
Original network
The WB
Original release
September 28, 2003 (2003-09-28) – May 16, 2004 (2004-05-16)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 5
Next →
Season 7
List of Charmed episodes
The sixth season of Charmed, an American supernatural drama television series, began airing on September 28, 2003 on The WB. Airing on Sundays at 8:00 pm, the season consisted of 23 episodes and concluded its airing on May 16, 2004. Paramount Home Entertainment released the complete sixth season in a six-disc box set on October 17, 2006.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
1.3 Guest
2 Special musical guests
3 Episode list
4 Reception
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Alyssa Milano as Phoebe Halliwell
Rose McGowan as Paige Matthews
Holly Marie Combs as Piper Halliwell
Brian Krause as Leo Wyatt
Drew Fuller as Chris Halliwell[a]
Dorian Gregory as Darryl Morris[b]
Recurring[edit]
Jennifer Rhodes as Penny Halliwell
James Read as Victor Bennett
Rebecca Balding as Elise Rothman
Sandra Prosper as Sheila Morris
Eric Dane as Jason Dean
Balthazar Getty as Richard Montana
Googy Gress as Spencer Ricks
Jason Shaw as Greg
Gildart Jackson as Gideon
Christopher Neiman as Sigmund
Betsy Randle as Mrs. Winterbourne
Billy Drago as Barbas
Jenya Lano as Inspector Sheridan
Jason and Kristopher Simmons as Wyatt Halliwell
Guest[edit]
Melissa George as Freyja
Ivana Miličević as Mist
Evan Marriott as Oscar
Jenny McCarthy as Mitzy Stillman
Rachelle Lefevre as Olivia Callaway
Michael Muhney as Seth
Mako as Potion Sorcerer
Gina Ravera as Mary
Kathryn Joosten as Old Magician's Wife
Keith Szarabajka as Zahn
Johnny Sneed as Larry Henderson
Alla Korot as Margaret Henderson
Marisol Nichols as Bianca
Jake Busey as Nigel
Patrick Cassidy as Allen Halliwell
Eduardo Verástegui as Mr. Right
Sarah Rafferty as Carol
Mark Deklin as Bosk
Rod Rowland as Rick Gittridge
Jodi Lyn O'Keefe as Spider Demon
Scott Adsit as Transformed Male Nymph
Ian Abercrombie as Aramis
Ken Page as Adair
Gabriel Olds as Vincent Right / Vincent Wrong
Jim Pirri as Corr
Elaine Hendrix as Clea
David Ramsey as Upper-Level Demon
Bodhi Elfman as Kyle Donie
Special musical guests[edit]
Smash Mouth
Steadman
Ziggy Marley
Andy Stochansky
Episode list[edit]
See also: List of Charmed episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
US viewers
(millions)
112
113
1
2 "Valhalley of the Dolls" James L. Conway Brad Kern September 28, 2003 (2003-09-28) 4301112
4301113 6.3[1]
Even though Leo is gone, Piper is in a surprisingly good 'chipper' mood, leading Paige to suspect that Leo altered Piper's memory. However, Paige's spell to restore Piper's memory clashes with Leo's and causes total amnesia. When calling upon Leo for help, Phoebe and Paige discover that he is being held captive on the Island of Valhalla, a mythical place ruled by warrior-maidens known as Valkyries. Phoebe also discovers she is an empath, where she can feel people's emotions, much to the worry of Chris. The Charmed Ones disguise themselves as Valkyries and infiltrate Valhalla to try to rescue Leo. In order for them to get close to him, they must convince the Valkyries that they are one of them. While Phoebe and Paige go to Darryl to borrow his soul, Chris killed a Valkyrie by crushing her heart through his telekinetic power, to possess a Valkyrie's necklace. The sight of Leo causes Piper's pain to come flooding back, prompting her to stay behind on the island to forget the pain while everyone else escapes.
Three fallen warriors follow Paige and Phoebe across dimensions to San Francisco and wreak havoc on the city. Phoebe has to control her new power in order to convince Piper that she belongs with her sisters, not the Valkyries. Meanwhile, Paige takes a job as a dog walker and is amazed when one of her dogs is transformed back into a man. Leo later uncovered evidence that Chris had killed two Valkyries but opted not to use it because Chris had finally earned the Charmed Ones' trust.
114
3 "Forget Me... Not" John T. Kretchmer Henry Alonso Myers October 5, 2003 (2003-10-05) 4301114 5.8[2]
When Wyatt inadvertently brings a dragon to life, the Cleaners, a neutral group dedicated to protecting magic from being exposed, take him away and erase all signs and memories of his existence. Aware that they are forgetting something important but not sure of what it is, Piper, Phoebe, and Paige cast a spell to return their memory. The sisters then set out to expose magic, to strike up a deal with the Cleaners.
115
4 "The Power of Three Blondes" John Behring Daniel Cerone October 12, 2003 (2003-10-12) 4301115 5.4[3]
When three evil sisters magically steal the Charmed Ones' identities and powers, Piper, Phoebe, and Paige must convince Chris that they are the real Charmed Ones in order to get their lives back. Meanwhile, Piper realizes that Wyatt needs time with Leo, who continues on his quest to find out who put him on the Island of Valhalla.
116
5 "Love's a Witch" Stuart Gillard Jeannine Renshaw October 19, 2003 (2003-10-19) 4301116 5.4[4]
When Paige's latest temp job puts her in the middle of an ongoing feud between two magical families, the Montanas and the Callaways, she falls for Richard Montana and urges both families to consider a truce. Paige, Phoebe, and Piper hold a séance with both families and everyone is stunned to learn that Richard's first love, Olivia Callaway, is the one who has been escalating the feud to avenge her death. Paige becomes possessed by Olivia's spirit, and Phoebe and Piper must banish Olivia in order to save Paige and the two families. However, Paige's abduction of Richard while possessed and the near death of his mother, cause the families to end the feud, having decided they want no more death. Olivia's dad and Richard's mom lead Phoebe and Piper to Olivia's grave where Paige tries to attack, but is prevented by Piper. Phoebe and Piper go to vanquish her but are stopped by Paige who felt Olivia's intense pain while possessed by her and Paige and Richard are able to convince her to move on peacefully. Meanwhile, Leo is suspicious when Chris travels to The Underworld in search of a potion and trails him in secret. The potion turns out to be an empath blocking potion, and Piper and Paige are able to use it to block Phoebe's new power on them, however, when they are gone, Chris secretly uses it on himself too.
117
6 "My Three Witches" Joel J. Feigenbaum Scott Lipsey & Whip Lipsey October 26, 2003 (2003-10-26) 4301117 5.5[5]
Worried that the Charmed Ones are drifting apart by putting their personal lives before their "Charmed" duties, Chris tries to teach them a lesson by enlisting the help of the demon Gith, who creates an alternate reality for the sisters by tapping into their secret desires. Piper's secret desire is to live a normal life, Phoebe feels her boyfriend's, Jason Dean, desire, for her to be a famous celebrity and have her own television show, and Paige's is to not have to hide her magic. Chris tries to kill Gith, but is prevented by when he is shot with a Darklighter arrow. Wyatt ends up becoming seriously ill and when Piper tries to get him to the hospital, she ends up in a car crash while Paige gets attacked by multiple demons and insane fans try to kill Phoebe. Chris manages to put Phoebe into Paige's world and together they manage to channel themselves into Piper's. Gith, desperate, transports himself to Piper's world, but Phoebe fights him off. Gith is vanquished when Piper's SVU explodes and he is consumed in the explosion. His vanquish frees the sisters and Wyatt and they discover a near-death Chris. Piper quickly calls for Leo who heals Wyatt of his illness and Chris of his wound and they return home where the sisters have learned their lesson.
118
7 "Soul Survivor" Mel Damski Curtis Kheel November 2, 2003 (2003-11-02) 4301118 5.2[6]
In an attempt to save her boss' soul, Paige goes behind her sisters backs and makes a deal with a demon. Meanwhile, Piper learns that Wyatt has been sabotaging her dates. Phoebe gets a new writing partner, and Chris and Leo accidentally travel back in time.
119
8 "Sword and the City" Derek Johansen David Simkins November 9, 2003 (2003-11-09) 4301119 5.2[7]
The Lady of the Lake appears before the Charmed Ones, pleading for their help in protecting Excalibur, the legendary Sword in the Stone. A dozen magical beings arrive at the manor to try their hand at pulling the sword from the stone, but it is Piper who pulls Excalibur out, causing a whirlwind that coalesces into a mysterious figure called Mordaunt. Piper is unaware that she is meant to pass it on to Wyatt, heir of Excalibur and the next King Arthur. Richard realizes that Mordaunt cannot be trusted, but before he can intervene, Mordaunt tricks Piper into relinquishing the sword and its power to him.
120
9 "Little Monsters" James L. Conway Julie Hess November 16, 2003 (2003-11-16) 4301120 5.3[8]
After vanquishing a Manticore demon, Piper, Phoebe, and Paige become foster parents to its orphaned half-breed infant, whose human father Derek (Seth Peterson) holds Piper hostage until his son is returned. Upon Chris' plea to vanquish the child, the sisters come to believe that, by raising the child with love, they can change its destiny. Meanwhile, Phoebe surprises her boyfriend Jason when she responds to feelings he has not expressed yet, and Paige gives Darryl a superpower.
121
10 "Chris-Crossed" Joel J. Feigenbaum Cameron Litvack November 23, 2003 (2003-11-23) 4301121 6.0[9]
A mysterious woman from the future named Bianca arrives to take Chris' powers and bring him back with her forcefully. Piper feels that being witches is stopping her sisters from having the life they want, and advises them to move out and follow their hearts. Bianca is revealed to actually be Chris' fiancée who only came back as "he" would have sent someone else if she had not come. Bianca is revealed to have helped Chris come back in time in the first place and apparently met him after the unnamed evil that rules their future sent her to kill him. Chris also reveals some truth about himself after Piper tries to freeze him and Bianca and fails: he is not a true Whitelighter, he is half-Whitelighter, half-witch like Paige and Wyatt. Bianca strips his powers and brings him back to his terrible future where the evil who rules confronts Chris and Bianca alone; an evil Wyatt. Future Wyatt tries to convince Chris to join him, offering to spare his life if he does. Chris refuses and Wyatt tries to kill him, but he is saved by Bianca who switches back to his side to protect him. Using a spell the sisters left in the attic in the present, Chris reclaims his powers and defeats Wyatt temporarily, but Bianca is mortally wounded and dies. Chris manages to open a time portal and escapes as Wyatt recovers, taking the spell with him so that Wyatt cannot send another assassin back in time. In the present, the sisters forgive him and he remains their Whitelighter, but he swears that if he can't prevent Baby Wyatt from becoming evil, then he will stop him permanently.
122
11 "Witchstock" James A. Contner Daniel Cerone January 11, 2004 (2004-01-11) 4301122 5.3[10]
After trying on a pair of her Grams' go-go boots, Paige finds herself transported back in time to an era of free love and free magic. She discovers Grams, a peace-loving hippie, who is on a crusade to rid the world of evil through the magical power of love, preparing for a "magical be-in" at the manor. Meanwhile in present time a magic-sucking slime attacks the manor.
123
12 "Prince Charmed" David Jackson Henry Alonso Myers January 18, 2004 (2004-01-18) 4301123 3.9[11]
After vanquishing a demon from Wyatt's room, Piper has an epiphany and decides to swear off men so that she can devote the rest of her life to raising and protecting Wyatt. Unable to handle Piper's revelation, Paige and Phoebe decide to remind Piper of the importance of love by conjuring up a "Mr. Right" as Piper's birthday present. The Order, a demonic brotherhood, manage to kidnap Wyatt after Chris' meddling with "Prince Charmed's" attractiveness backfires, turning a birthday dinner party into a food fight. The sisters vanquish the Order and with Chris' help restore Wyatt to normal. Doing so apparently earns Wyatt's trust for Chris and Leo confirms later that he still trusts Chris, but Chris needs to earn back the sisters' trust.
124
13 "Used Karma" John T. Kretchmer Jeannine Renshaw January 25, 2004 (2004-01-25) 4301124 4.2[12]
Piper, Phoebe, and Paige inadvertently expose themselves as witches in front of Jason, causing him to leave Phoebe. Richard casts a spell to free himself of his family's negative karma, but accidentally channels the spirit of Mata Hari, a double agent for Germany and France during WWI, into Phoebe. Phoebe decides to get revenge on Jason by arranging for a demonic firing squad to kill him. Meanwhile, Piper and Paige try to vanquish a group of Swarm Demons, the last on Chris' list of the most significant threats to Wyatt.
125
14 "The Legend of Sleepy Halliwell" Jon Paré Cameron Litvack February 8, 2004 (2004-02-08) 4301125 4.8[13]
The three sisters are railing at the complications and deleterious impact magic has on their lives when a portal opens in the middle of their stairway landing. An Elder named Gideon, Leo's old mentor at Magic School, calls upon Piper, Phoebe, and Paige to find out who cast the spell of darkness upon the school and conjured up the Headless Horseman, who has been beheading the teachers. While Piper and Paige tackle a group of surly teenagers, Piper becomes the horseman's next victim and become a functioning head on a table. Meanwhile, Phoebe is sent on a vision quest by a student Enola, who is a young shaman, and gets a glimpse into the demon free future, where she discovers she will have a child and she sees an older Wyatt and a brunette boy. Piper refers to the brunette as Wyatt's little brother. The little boy asks her for help and the vision ends and she sees Chris asking the same question which gives her a revelation. Questioning whether such a future is even possible, she is told she must be herself and accept her bad with the good about who she is and then it can happen—the advice the three sisters give the youth terrorizing the teaching staff. It is revealed that Zachary, a desperately unhappy telepath, is behind the attacks by using his power to tap into others powers. The sisters vanquish the Headless Horseman and convince Zachary to stop. Later at P3, Phoebe confronts Chris about who he really is and asks is he is really Wyatt's brother and thus Piper and Leo's son. For once Chris doesn't lie and confirms this,but only if he can get Piper and Leo back together in time.
126
15 "I Dream of Phoebe" John T. Kretchmer Curtis Kheel February 15, 2004 (2004-02-15) 4301126 4.1[14]
Phoebe frees a genie, Jinny (Saba Homayoon), from a bottle, only to find that Jinny is a demon that has tricked her into becoming a genie herself. Anxious to get Leo and Piper back together so he can be conceived, Chris uses Phoebe to make his wish come true, but she takes his instructions too literally. When Chris reveals to Paige that he made the wish to make Piper and Leo sleep together, she calls him a pervert, and he reveals to her that Piper and Leo are his parents and that Piper needs to get pregnant within a few weeks or he will perish. Feeling that he is losing Paige, Richard opportunistically covets the genie's magic and steals the bottle so he can wish Paige back into his life. Paige and Richard reconciled to permanent separation, but Richard must drink a power-stripping potion for his own good.
127
16 "The Courtship of Wyatt's Father" Joel J. Feigenbaum Brad Kern February 22, 2004 (2004-02-22) 4301127 5.0[15]
A Darklighter named Damien sends both Leo and Piper into a trap on the ghostly plane where they are without powers and wounds Leo with his Darklighter crossbow, leaving Phoebe and Paige to fear that they are dead. Meanwhile, Chris is obsessing over the fact that he is out of time, for he must be conceived by Piper and Leo sometime in the next day before he disappears forever having never been conceived. An Angel of Death comes for Chris even as he begins fading but he manages to resist and make a communication bridge between Phoebe and Piper.. The two consult with Gideon who is convinced Leo is doomed, provides a way to access the dimension to rescue Piper thinking Leo will be dead. At the end he convinces Leo to act as an Elder and sunder himself from his family, and Gideon is revealed to have plotted the cross dimensional attack to rid himself of Leo, and to have ill intentions towards Wyatt, his real target. By being trapped on the ghostly plane causes Piper and Leo to temporarily rekindle their relationship and sleep together, conceiving Chris. Piper learns at the end of the episode that Chris is her son and that she is pregnant from Phoebe and Paige who realize what happened as Chris returns to existence.
128
17 "Hyde School Reunion" Jonathan West David Simkins March 14, 2004 (2004-03-14) 4301128 4.8[16]
While preparing for her high school reunion, Phoebe's wild teenage personality takes over her body when she inadvertently casts a spell on herself reading a rhyme she had inscribed in her high school year book. At the reunion, aggravated by an old rival, the teenage Phoebe persona takes over, reconnects with her former gang and finds herself following a suggestion to use her magic to visit another old gang member Rick, who is in jail awaiting trial. Rick, takes advantage of their visit to break out of jail, and uses Phoebe's magic to aid his plans of fleeing justice. Meanwhile, Scabber demons requiring the Power of Three to vanquish are closing in on Chris. Earlier that evening, Piper being increasingly concerned that Chris is staying distant, had asked her father Victor to talk to him. Chris explains that Piper dies when he turns fourteen, and he has been distancing himself from his mother because he believes that to bond with her only to return to a future where she is dead would be too painful. Victor convinces Chris that he needs to spend as much time with Piper as possible so he has more fond memories of her when he goes back. All the while Phoebe is under the dual pressures of knowing one high school friend is seriously, perhaps even grievously wounded, and Rick has hidden one of their female classmates where no-one can ever find her. Both parties arrive back at the manor where Paige casts the appearance changing spell to make him look like Chris. The Scabber Demons spit their acid at what looks like Chris and Rick is melted, but not before he gives up the information on where to find the others.
129
18 "Spin City" Mel Damski Andy Reaser & Doug E. Jones April 18, 2004 (2004-04-18) 456006 3.8[17]
Piper is kidnapped and cocooned by the Spider Demon, a creature that emerges every hundred years to feed off a powerful magical being. During the attack, Chris is infected with the demon's venom, causing him to mutate into a spider demon himself. In need of desperate help, Paige calls Leo. Phoebe then reveals to Leo that Chris is his son. While trying to save him, Chris attacks Leo and starts repeatedly punching Leo, yelling that Leo does not know him. Later, Leo finds Chris on the Golden Gate bridge and begs him to tell him why he hates him so much. Chris replies that Leo was never there for him, but he was there for Piper, Wyatt, and half the world. Leo tells him that maybe he did not come back just to save Wyatt, but to save their relationship as well.
130
19 "Crimes and Witch Demeanors" John T. Kretchmer Henry Alonso Myers April 25, 2004 (2004-04-25) 4301130 3.4[18]
When Phoebe and Paige are caught on tape using their powers by SFPD Inspector Sheridan, the Cleaners, beings who prevent the exposure of magic, cover up the situation by implicating their friend, Detective Darryl Morris, as a murderer and in a huge time jump, end up sending him to death row to cover up the exposure of magic. The Halliwells fight to have the outcome reversed, initially summoning the Cleaners by deliberate acts that would expose magic if left unfixed. Their confrontation proves inconclusive, and they learn that their only recourse is to have a hearing in front of the mysterious Tribunal, which is a council that oversees all magic and made up of demons and Elders with Barbas (Billy Drago) empaneled as the prosecutor. He turns the proceedings around on their head and puts the sisters on trial for recklessly abusing their powers.Meanwhile, Inspector Sheridan, nudged magically by Barbas, takes aim at the sisters with her partner Inspector Miles and begins looking into the trail of disappearances and odd happenings over the last half decade starting with the collection of unsolved homicides SFPD Internal Affairs had harassed Andy Trudeau about. Meanwhile, Leo and Chris work together to help free the sisters and Darryl, but the outcome leaves Phoebe stripped of her active powers as penance for occasional lapses in the past where she used magic to benefit herself.
131
20 "A Wrong Day's Journey into Right" Derek Johansen Cameron Litvack May 2, 2004 (2004-05-02) 4301131 4.1[19]
With Piper away at Magic School and Phoebe without her powers, an overworked Paige re-conjures "Mr. Right" for stress relief, but unknowingly releases his evil twin, a demon called Vincent who immediately hatches a plot to separate the sisters while sending assassins after witches. Appealing to Paige's dark side, Mr. Wrong / Vincent uses his pheromones to trick her into realizing that the only way to achieve her secret desire is to be free and use her magic without fear of consequence, eventually killing her sisters. Chris accidentally gets arrested for stealing a car to chase Vincent and Darryl will not cover. To prevent Paige from executing his plan, Phoebe goes undercover as one of Mr. Wrong's Demonatrix assassins. Paige and Phoebe try to keep Piper out of the situation, but that backfires when Paige, under Vincent's control, kidnaps her so that the Demonatrix assassins can kill her. Phoebe regains confidence in herself when she makes Mr. Right real to test a potion that will make Vincent real so he can be vanquished and infiltrates the Demonatrixes. As the Demonatrixes are about to kill a confused Piper, Phoebe saves her and together they vanquish them. They go after Vincent who is confident they cannot harm him as they do not have the potion to make him real, but Phoebe takes the chance that making Mr. Right real will turn him real too. She proves to be right and Vincent is easily vanquished which breaks his hold over Paige. Later, Leo erases the memory of the car dealership manager to save Chris from having to go to jail.
132
21 "Witch Wars" David Jackson Krista Vernoff May 9, 2004 (2004-05-09) 4301132 2.7[20]
Aware that Piper, Phoebe and Paige are on the verge of discovering that he is after Wyatt, Gideon conspires with two demons to make the girls part of Witch Wars, a new demonic reality television show where demon contestants compete to hunt down the Charmed Ones, with the winning demon acquiring the witches' powers. Gideon makes the girls believe that the game masters, Corr and Clea, are the ones after Wyatt in order to protect himself and his own agenda. In the end they find out, but the two demons grow extremely powerful due to them absorbing the powers of vanquished demon contestants. Phoebe comes up with a plan to vanquish them without the Power of Three as they do not want to risk Piper. Leo vanquishes Clea with a power-sucking athame and Phoebe takes Clea's powers for herself. Using her new powers, Phoebe shimmers to the attic and vanquishes Corr with an energy ball. She then shimmers to a demonic bar where demons have been watching Witch Wars and vanquishes many with energy balls to make a point while the rest flee before she returns home. Paige stabs her with the athame to remove the demonic powers. Later, the group celebrates the victory and believe the threat to Wyatt over. Meanwhile, Gideon's assistant has second thoughts about their plan and goes to tell the sisters the truth, but is murdered by Gideon before he can.
133
134
22
23 "It's a Bad, Bad, Bad, Bad World" Jon Paré Jeannine Renshaw
Curtis Kheel May 16, 2004 (2004-05-16) 4301133
4301134 4.7[21]
Under the guise of sending Chris back to the future, Gideon creates a portal that puts Chris and Leo in a mirrored world where evil prevails. Phoebe and Paige travel to the parallel universe to rescue Chris and Leo, only to find themselves in a battle with their evil counterparts. Unable to vanquish one another, both sets of sisters realize that Wyatt is unprotected and in danger from Gideon.
Upon returning to their own world, Phoebe and Paige realize that their world is now too good, and every little infraction is a capital offense. The shift between universes causes Piper's memory to be erased, and Gideon tricks Piper into casting a spell on Phoebe and Paige so that they too, forget Gideon's evil intentions. With the Charmed sisters under the spell, and Piper having a complicated delivery, only Leo and Chris are left to stop Gideon from completing his plan. When Chris is left alone with Wyatt in the attic, Gideon attacks just as Chris goes to orb Wyatt out after suspecting something was not right. Gideon summons an athame and disappears. Chris rushes to grab Wyatt, but Gideon reappears and he stabs Chris in the stomach. While Chris lies there wounded, Gideon takes Wyatt to the Underworld. Chris calls out to Leo. When Leo arrives he tries to heal him, but Chris tells him that it will not work because it was Gideon's magic and only he can stop it. He tells Leo to find Gideon and save Wyatt. Unfortunately, Chris dies, sending Leo into a rage. He discovers the inter-dimensional mirror, meets with his analog self and realizes to return balance, a great evil needs to be done in the Charmed One's universe, and when he goes to save Wyatt he kills Gideon while his other self looks on through the mirror which at the end they both destroy, so the universes cannot be linked again in the future. Wyatt is safe, and though future Chris is dead, baby Chris is born healthy.
Reception[edit]
In 2016, Gavin Hetherington of SpoilerTV ran a series of Charmed articles in the run-up to the 10th anniversary of the series finale. The sixth was a complete season review of season six, in which Gavin comments that the season is his "least favourite".[22] Critical of the season as a whole, Gavin did note the importance of the inclusion of Chris, who called him an "exceptional addition to the cast", and he "helped make a sucky season a lot better".
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Fuller is only credited for the episodes he appears in.
Jump up ^ Gregory is only credited for the episodes he appears in.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday September 28, 2003". TvTango. Archived from the original on 2014-03-28.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday October 5, 2003". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday October 12, 2003". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday October 19, 2003". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday October 26, 2003". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday November 2, 2003". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday November 9, 2003". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday November 16, 2003". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "CBS, UPN show growth, other b'casters stumble". Variety.com. 2003-11-25. Retrieved 2011-07-24.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday January 11, 2004". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday January 18, 2004". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday January 25, 2004". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday February 8, 2004". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Tv Ratings: Sunday February 15, 2004". TvTango.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. 2004-02-24. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. 2004-03-16. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. 2004-04-20. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. 2004-04-27. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. 2004-05-04. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". ABC Medianet. 2004-05-11. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
Jump up ^ Weekly Program Rankings Archived July 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.. ABC. May 18, 2004. Retrieved June 10, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hetherington, Gavin (May 7, 2016). "Charmed – 10th Anniversary Special – Season 6 Review: "A Son From the Future"". SpoilerTV. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
External links[edit]
List of Charmed season 6 episodes at the Internet Movie Database
List of Charmed season 6 episodes at TV.com
Charmed at epguides.com
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Social Insurance Number
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A social insurance number card. Note the date of expiration; this implies that the holder is neither a permanent resident, nor a Canadian citizen.
A social insurance number (SIN) is a number issued in Canada to administer various government programs. The SIN was created in 1964 to serve as a client account number in the administration of the Canada Pension Plan and Canada's varied employment insurance programs. In 1967, Revenue Canada (now the Canada Revenue Agency) started using the SIN for tax reporting purposes. SINs are issued by Employment and Social Development Canada (previously Human Resources Development Canada).
The SIN is formatted as three groups of three digits (e.g., 123-456-789).
The top of the card has changed over the years as the departments that are responsible for the card have changed:
Manpower and Immigration
Employment and Immigration Canada
Human Resources Development Canada
Government of Canada
The 2012 Canadian federal budget contained provisions to phase out the Social Insurance Number cards because they lacked modern security features and could be used for identity theft.[1] As of 31 March 2014, Service Canada no longer issues plastic SIN cards. Instead, an individual will receive a paper "Confirmation of SIN letter".[2]
Contents
1 Functionality
2 Temporary SINs
3 Permanent Resident SINs
4 Validation
5 Geography
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Functionality[edit]
Through functionality creep, the SIN has become a national identification number, in much the same way that the Social Security Number has in the United States. However, unlike in the US, in Canada there are specific legislated purposes for which a SIN can be requested. It is not an identity document.[3]
Unless an organization can demonstrate that the reason it is requesting an individual's SIN is specifically permitted by law, or that no alternative identifiers would suffice to complete the transaction, it cannot deny or refuse a product or service on the grounds of a refusal to provide a SIN. Examples of organizations that legitimately require a SIN include employers, financial institutions that provide interest on deposits, and federal government agencies. Giving a SIN when applying for consumer credit, such as buying a car or electronics, or allowing it to be used as a general purpose identification number, such as by a cable company, is strongly discouraged.[4]
The Canadian military used the SIN as a form of unique identifier from the 1960s until the 1980s, when service numbers were reintroduced. Military identification, including ID cards and identity discs were marked with the SIN during this period.
Temporary SINs[edit]
Social Insurance Numbers that begin with the number "9" are issued to temporary residents who are not Canadian citizens or permanent residents (e.g., foreign students, individuals on work visas). Often, these individuals must have an employment authorization in order to work in Canada. SINs beginning with a "9" are different from SINs assigned to citizens and permanent residents, because they have an expiry date (which usually coincides with the expiration of the holder's work permit). These SINs are invalid unless there is an expiry date listed on the card and the date has not passed.
Permanent Resident SINs[edit]
Issued by Canadian government to each Canadian citizen or permanent resident;
The SIN is unique and assigned to only one citizen
Validation[edit]
Social Insurance Numbers can be validated through a simple check digit process called the Luhn algorithm.
046 454 286 <--- A fictitious, but valid SIN
121 212 121 <--- Multiply each digit in the top number by the digit below it.

So the result of the multiplication is:
0 8 6 8 5 8 2 16 6

Then, add all of the digits together (note that 16 is 1+6):
0 + 8 + 6 + 8 + 5 + 8 + 2 + 1+6 + 6 = 50

If the SIN is valid, this number will be evenly divisible by 10.
Geography[edit]
The first digit of a SIN usually identifies the province in which it was registered, as listed below. However, the government has found it necessary in the past to supply certain regions with SIN numbers assigned to other regions.[citation needed]
1: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador
2–3: Quebec
4–5: Ontario (excluding Northwestern Ontario), and overseas forces
6: Northwestern Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut
7: British Columbia and Yukon
8: Used exclusively for the BN (Business Number) assigned to business owners and corporations
9: Temporary resident
0: CRA-assigned Individual Tax Numbers, Temporary Tax Numbers or Adoption Tax Numbers
See also[edit]
Canada Revenue Agency
Government of Canada
Death Master File, a database of deaths maintained by the Social Security Administration in the U.S.
Service number (formerly used by the U.S. armed forces, which now use the Social Security number)
National identification number
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Curry, Bill (15 May 2012). "Your wallet just got a bit lighter: Ottawa nixes SIN cards". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 17 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Social Insurance Number". Retrieved 1 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Information for Employers". Service Canada. 3 December 2006.
Jump up ^ "Protecting your SIN: Who can ask for my SIN". User guidance document from Service Canada website.
External links[edit]
Social Insurance Number FAQ Page
SIN Privacy FAQ, from the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Social_Insurance_Number&oldid=861459299"
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Law of Moses
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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El Greco's View of Mount Sinai
The Law of Moses, also called the Mosaic Law or in Hebrew: תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה, Torat Moshe, refers primarily to the Torah or first five books of the Hebrew Bible. Traditionally believed to have been written by Moses, most academics now believe they had many authors.
Contents
[hide]
1 Terminology
2 Law in the Ancient Near East
3 Hebrew Bible
3.1 Moses and authorship of the Law
3.2 Later references to the Law in the Hebrew Bible
3.3 Content
4 Rabbinical interpretation
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Terminology[edit]
The Law of Moses or Torah of Moses (Hebrew תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה, Torat Moshe, Septuagint Greek: νόμος Μωυσῆ, nomos Moyse, or in some translations the "Teachings of Moses" [1]) is a biblical term first found in the Book of Joshua 8:31-32, where Joshua writes the Hebrew words of "Torat Moshe תֹּורַת מֹשֶׁה" on an altar of stones at Mount Ebal. The text continues:
And afterward he read all the words of the teachings, the blessings and cursings, according to all that is written in the book of the Torah (Joshua 8:34).[2]
The term occurs 15 times in the Hebrew Bible, a further 7 times in the New Testament, and repeatedly in Second Temple period, intertestamental, rabbinical and patristic literature.
The Hebrew word for the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, Torah (which means "law" and was translated into Greek as "nomos" or "Law") refers to the same five books termed in English "Pentateuch" (from Latinised Greek "five books," implying the five books of Moses). According to some scholars, use of the name "Torah" to designate the "Five Books of Moses" of the Hebrew Bible, is clearly documented only from the 2nd Century BCE.[3] In modern usage, Torah can refer to the first five books of the Tanakh, as the Hebrew Bible is commonly called, to the instructions and commandments found in the 2nd to 5th books of the Hebrew Bible, and also to the entire Tanakh and even all of the Oral Law as well. Among English-speaking Christians the term "The Law" can refer to the whole Pentateuch including Genesis, but this is generally in relation to the New Testament where nomos "the Law" sometimes refers to all five books, including Genesis. This use of the Hebrew term "Torah", 'Law', for the first five books is considered misleading by 21st-century Christian bible scholar John Van Seters, because the Pentateuch "consists of about one half law and the other half narrative."[4] The adjective "Mosaic" means "of Moses."
Law in the Ancient Near East[edit]
The "Law of Moses" in ancient Israel was different from other legal codes in the ancient Near East because transgressions were seen as offenses against God rather than solely as offenses against society (civil law).[5] This contrasts with the Sumerian Code of Ur-Nammu (c. 2100-2050 BCE), and the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi (c. 1760 BCE, of which almost half concerns contract law). However the influence of the ancient Near Eastern legal tradition on the Law of ancient Israel is recognised and well documented.[6] For example the Israelite Sabbatical Year has antecedents in the Akkadian mesharum edicts granting periodic relief to the poor.[7] Another important distinction is that in ancient Near East legal codes, as in more recently unearthed Ugaritic texts, an important, and ultimate, role in the legal process was assigned to the king. Ancient Israel was set up as a theocracy, rather than a monarchy.[8]
Hebrew Bible[edit]
Moses and authorship of the Law[edit]
Main articles: Moses, Deuteronomist, and Mosaic authorship
According to the Hebrew Bible, Moses was the leader of early Israel out of Egypt; and traditionally the first five books of the Hebrew Bible are attributed to him, though most modern scholars believe there were multiple authors. The law attributed to Moses, specifically the laws set out in the books of Leviticus and Deuteronomy, as a consequence came to be considered supreme over all other sources of authority (any king and/or his officials), and the Levites were the guardians and interpreters of the law.[9]
The Book of Deuteronomy (Deuteronomy 31:24–26) records Moses saying, "Take this book of the law, and put it by the side of the Ark of the Covenant of the LORD." Similar passages referring to the Law include, for example, Exodus 17:14, "And the LORD said unto Moses, Write this for a memorial in a book, and rehearse it in the ears of Joshua, that I will utterly blot out the remembrance of Amalek from under heaven;" Exodus 24:4, "And Moses wrote all the words of the LORD, and rose up early in the morning, and built an altar under the mount, and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of Israel;" Exodus 34:27, "And the LORD said unto Moses, Write thou these words, for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel;" and Leviticus 26:46 "These are the decrees, the laws and the regulations that the LORD established on Mount Sinai between himself and the Israelites through Moses."
Later references to the Law in the Hebrew Bible[edit]
The Book of Kings relates how a "law of Moses" was discovered in the Temple during the reign of king Josiah (r. 641–609 BCE). This book is mostly identified as an early version of the Book of Deuteronomy, perhaps chapters 5-26 and chapter 28 of the extant text. This text contains a number of laws, dated to the 8th century BC kingdom of Judah.[citation needed]
Another mention of the "Book of the Law of Moses" is found in Joshua 8:30-31 .
Content[edit]
Main article: 613 commandments
The content of the Law is spread among the books of Exodus, Leviticus, and Numbers, and then reiterated and added to in Deuteronomy (deutero-nomy is Latinised Greek for "Second reading of the Law"). This includes:
the Ten Commandments
Moral laws - on murder, theft, honesty, adultery, etc.
Social laws - on property, inheritance, marriage and divorce,
Food laws - on what is clean and unclean, on cooking and storing food.
Purity laws - on menstruation, seminal emissions, skin disease and mildew, etc.
Feasts - the Day of Atonement, Passover, Feast of Tabernacles, Feast of Unleavened Bread, Feast of Weeks etc.
Sacrifices and offerings - the sin offering, burnt offering, whole offering, heave offering, Passover sacrifice, meal offering, wave offering, peace offering, drink offering, thank offering, dough offering, incense offering, red heifer, scapegoat, first fruits, etc.
Instructions for the priesthood and the high priest including tithes.
Instructions regarding the Tabernacle, and which were later applied to the Temple in Jerusalem, including those concerning the Holy of Holies containing the Ark of the Covenant (in which were the tablets of the law, Aaron's rod, the manna). Instructions and for the construction of various altars.
Forward looking instructions for time when Israel would demand a king.
Rabbinical interpretation[edit]
The content of the instructions and its interpretations, the Oral Torah, was passed down orally, excerpted and codified in Rabbinical Judaism, and in the Talmud were numbered as the 613 commandments. The Law given to Moses at Sinai (Hebrew Halakhah le-Moshe mi-Sinai הלכה למשה מסיני) is a halakhic distinction.
See also[edit]
Christian views on the Old Covenant
Matthew 5#Antitheses
Moses in Islam
References[edit]
Jump up ^ e.g. New Century Version, Joshua 8:32
Jump up ^ Kristin De Troyer, Armin Lange Reading the present in the Qumran library 2005 p158: "Both at the beginning and at the ending of the Gibeonites' story there is now a reference to the law of Moses and to the fact that ... The building of the altar happens on Mount Ebal, not in Gilgal — Joshua gets to Gilgal only in 9:6. "
Jump up ^ Frank Crüsemann, Allan W. Mahnke The Torah: theology and social history of Old Testament law p331 1996 " there is only clear evidence for the use of the term Torah to describe the Pentateuch as a ..."
Jump up ^ John Van Seters The Pentateuch: a social-science commentary 2004 p16 "Furthermore, the Hebrew term Torah, 'Law', is a little misleading as a description of the content of the Pentateuch, since it consists of about one half law and the other half narrative. "
Jump up ^ John H. Walton Ancient Israelite Literature in Its Cultural Context 1994 p233 "The ancient Near Eastern collections do not include cultic law; rather, their focus is on civil law. As a generalization, in the ancient Near East violation of law is an offense against society. In Israel a violation of law is an ..."
Jump up ^ A survey of the Old Testament p52 Andrew E. Hill, John H. Walton - 2000 "The influence of the ancient Near Eastern legal tradition on the form and function of Hebrew law is undeniable and widely documented.2 Along with this contemporary cultural influence, the Old Testament affirms the divine origin of "
Jump up ^ The Bible and the ancient Near East: collected essays Jimmy Jack McBee Roberts 2002 p46 "The Israelite Sabbatical Year, which seems to have the same purpose and recurs at about the same interval, appears to be an Israelite adaptation of this mesharum-edict tradition."
Jump up ^ Adrian Curtis in Law and religion: essays on the place of the law in Israel ed. Barnabas Lindars - 1988 p3 Chapter 1 GOD AS 'JUDGE' IN UGARITIC AND HEBREW THOUGHT "The many legal texts discovered at Ugarit make it clear that the king played an important legal role; although legal transactions could be carried out before witnesses, "
Jump up ^ Graham, M.P, and McKenzie, Steven L., "The Hebrew Bible today: an introduction to critical issues" (Westminster John Knox Press, 1998) p.19ff
External links[edit]
Jewish Encyclopedia: Torah: Laws of the Torah
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Law_of_Moses&oldid=800532038"
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This page was last edited on 14 September 2017, at 03:26.
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Grandma Gatewood
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Emma Rowena
"Grandma" Gatewood
Born
(1887-10-25)October 25, 1887
Mercerville, Guyan Township, Gallia County, Ohio
Died
June 4, 1973(1973-06-04) (aged 85)
Gallipolis, Ohio
Cause of death
Apparent heart attack
Resting place
Ohio Valley Memory Gardens
Years active
1955 to 1973 (hiking)
Known for
Hiking the Appalachian Trail and elsewhere
Spouse(s)
Perry Clayton Gatewood [m. 5 May 1907, divorced Sept. 1940]
Parent(s)
Hugh Wilson & Esther Evelyn (Trowbridge) Caldwell
Notes
Gallipolis Daily Tribune, June 4, 1973
Emma Rowena Gatewood, better known as Grandma Gatewood (October 25, 1887–June 4, 1973),[1] was an extreme hiker and ultra-light hiking pioneer who was the first woman to hike the 2,168-mile (3,489 km) Appalachian Trail from Mount Oglethorpe in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine solo, and in one season.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Family life
2 Hiking
3 Legacy
4 Biographies
5 References
6 External links
Family life[edit]
Emma Gatewood
Gatewood was born to a farm family of 15 children in Guyan Township, Gallia County, Ohio. At the age of 19 she married 27 year-old P. C. Gatewood, a college educated primary school teacher, and later tobacco farmer, with whom she had 11 children. She had 24 grandchildren, 30 great-grandchildren, and one great-great-grandchild living at the time of her death at 85.[1]
Gatewood's husband physically beat her on a regular basis starting from the first weeks of their marriage.[3] She recalled being beaten nearly to death on several occasions. She suffered broken ribs, broken teeth, and other injuries during the abusive marriage. When her husband became violent, she would, on occasion, run from the house into the woods where she found peace and solitude. She eventually successfully divorced P. C. Gatewood in 1940; at a time when divorce was more difficult, and after her husband had repeatedly threatened to have her committed to an insane asylum as a means of maintaining control over her.[3]
Hiking[edit]
In 1955, at the age of 67, Gatewood told her children (who were by then adults) that she was going for a walk. They did not ask where or for how long, as they knew she was resilient and would take care of herself.[3] About 5 years earlier, Gatewood read an article in National Geographic about the AT and thought "it would be a nice lark," though in retrospect considering the difficulty she added "It wasn't."[2] The magazine gave her the impression of easy walks and clean cabins at the end of each day's walk.[3] Thus she took little in the way of outdoor gear. She wore Converse sneakers and carried an army blanket, a raincoat, and a plastic shower curtain in a homemade denim bag slung over one shoulder. She would later say "For some fool reason, they always lead you right up over the biggest rock to the top of the biggest mountain they can find."[2]
Local newspapers picked up on her story in the southern states, then the Associated Press did a national profile of her while in Maryland, leading to an article in Sports Illustrated when she had reached Connecticut.[4] After the hike she was invited on the Today Show. These appearances made her a celebrity even before the hike was over and she was often recognized and received "trail magic" (assistance from strangers) in the form of friends, food and places to sleep.[3]
She hiked the AT again in 1960, and then again at age 75 in 1963, making her the first person to hike the trail three times (though her final hike was completed in sections).[2] She was also credited with being the oldest female thru-hiker by the Appalachian Trail Conference[5]
In addition, she walked 2,000 miles (3,200 km) of the Oregon Trail from Independence, Missouri, to Portland, Oregon, averaging 22 miles (35 km) a day. She traveled to every state of the continental United States.
In 1970, at age 83, while visiting Appalachian Outfitters in Oakton, Virginia she was asked what she thought about the latest lightweight backpacking gear. Emma advised: "Make a rain cape, and an over the shoulder sling bag, and buy a sturdy pair of Keds tennis shoes. Stop at local groceries and pick up Vienna sausages... most everything else to eat you can find beside the trail... and by the way those wild onions are not called "Ramps"... they are "Rampions" ... a ramp is an inclined plane."
Gatewood was a life member of the National Campers and Hikers Association and the Roanoke Appalachian Trail Club. She was Director Emeritus and a lifetime member of the Buckeye Trail Association.[1]
Legacy[edit]
At Hocking Hills State Park in Ohio, the North Country Trail, Buckeye Trail, and the American Discovery Trail coincide and a six-mile section is designated as the Grandma Gatewood Trail. It connects Old Man's Cave to Cedar Falls to Ash Cave.[6][7]
The Appalachian Trail Museum includes information about Emma Gatewood in its exhibits and in June 2012, she was inducted into the Appalachian Trail Hall of Fame.[8]
Emma Gatewood is the subject of a project at Eden Valley Enterprises.[9]
Trail Magic, a 60-minute documentary by Put-in-Bay filmmaker Peter Huston, is about Emma Gatewood.[10]
Biographies[edit]
Ben Montgomery (2014). Grandma Gatewood's Walk: The Inspiring Story of the Woman Who Saved the Appalachian Trail. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1613747186.
Michelle Houts (2016). When Grandma Gatewood Took a Hike. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-2235-9.
Trail Magic: The Grandma Gatewood Story (PBS documentary). Eden Valley Enterprises and FilmAffects.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Gallia County Genealogical Society". Archived from the original on April 12, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "When Grandma Gatewood hiked the Appalachian Trail". Sierra Club. November–December 2002. Retrieved 2009-05-08. When Grandma Gatewood hiked the Appalachian Trail in 1955, she tramped all 2170 miles in tennis shoes, her only shelter an army blanket, a raincoat, ...
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ben Montgomery (2014). Grandma Gatewood's Walk: The Inspiring Story of the Woman Who Saved the Appalachian Trail. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1613747186.
Jump up ^ "SI Vault". Vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com. 1955-08-15. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
Jump up ^ Siyapa, Tweeter (2015-03-20). "Traveller Compass: 10 Travelling Phobias You Might Have But You Ignore". Travellercompass.blogspot.in. Retrieved 2015-05-03.
Jump up ^ American Dreams. "Hocking County Tourism Association". Hcta.org. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
Jump up ^ "Grandma Gatewood Trail - Old Man's Cave to Ash Cave | Logan Ohio Hikes". Trails.com. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
Jump up ^ "The 2012 Class Of The Appalachian Trail Hall Of Fame | Hiking Around Midstate PA and Beyond: A community blog". witf.org. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
Jump up ^ "Grandma Gatewood program". Eden Valley Enterprises. Retrieved 2013-12-18.
Jump up ^ May 1, 2015. "Film highlights first woman to walk Appalachian Trail alone - Chronicle-Telegram". Chronicle.northcoastnow.com. Retrieved 2015-05-03.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Emma Gatewood.
Hiking in Hocking Hills, Ohio
Grandma Gatewood at Find a Grave
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 55844819
LCCN: n94066073
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grandma_Gatewood&oldid=811475558"
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