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Request for proposal
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"RFP" redirects here. For other uses, see RFP (disambiguation).
For information about Wikipedia proposals, see Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals). In Wikipedia, "RFP" may refer to Wikipedia:Requests for page protection or Wikipedia:Requests for permissions.
A request for proposal (RFP) is a document that solicits proposal, often made through a bidding process, by an agency or company interested in procurement of a commodity, service, or valuable asset, to potential suppliers to submit business proposals.[1] It is submitted early in the procurement cycle, either at the preliminary study, or procurement stage.
Contents
1 Overview
2 Specifications
3 Other requests
4 See also
5 References
Overview[edit]
An RFP is used where the request requires technical expertise, specialized capability, or where the product or service being requested does not yet exist, and the proposal may require research and development to create whatever is being requested.
The RFP presents preliminary requirements for the commodity or service, and may dictate to varying degrees the exact structure and format of the supplier's response. Effective RFPs typically reflect the strategy and short/long-term business objectives, providing detailed insight upon which suppliers will be able to offer a matching perspective.[2]
Similar requests include a request for quotation (RFQ), whereby the customer may simply be looking for a price quote, and a request for information (RFI), where the customer needs more information from vendors before submitting an RFP. An RFI is typically followed by an RFP or RFQ.[3]
In principle, an RFP:
Informs suppliers that an organization is looking to procure and encourages them to make their best effort.
Requires the company to specify what it proposes to purchase. If the requirements analysis has been prepared properly, it can be incorporated quite easily into the Request document.
Alerts suppliers that the selection process is competitive.
Allows for wide distribution and response.
Ensures that suppliers respond factually to the identified requirements.
Is generally expected to follow a structured evaluation and selection procedure, so that an organization can demonstrate impartiality - a crucial factor in public sector procurements.
Specifications[edit]
An RFP typically involves more than a request for the price. Other requested information may include basic corporate information and history, financial information (can the company deliver without risk of bankruptcy), technical capability (used on major procurements of services, where the item has not previously been made or where the requirement could be met by varying technical means), product information such as stock availability and estimated completion period, and customer references that can be checked to determine a company's suitability (including educational and military background of its employees on the project --- college graduates and those with advanced college degrees may add "value" from the bidder).
The ubiquitous availability of the Internet has made many government agencies turn either to state-run or vendor operated websites which provide listings of RFPs as well as RFIs and RFQs. Many allow vendors to sign up at no charge to receive e-mails of requests either generally or for specific categories of product or service for which there is an interest. In some cases, the entire process is done on-line with responses as scanned documents or PDF files uploaded to the server; in other cases, or for legal reasons, a response must be sent in hard copy form and/or on CD/DVD disc or flash drive by mail or delivery service.
In the militaries of many countries, an RFP is often raised to fulfill an Operational Requirement (OR), after which the military procurement authority will normally issue a detailed technical specification against which tenders (i.e., bids) will be made by potential contractors. In the civilian use, an RFP is usually part of a complex sales process, also known as enterprise sales.
RFPs often include specifications of the item, project or service for which a proposal is requested. The more detailed the specifications, the better the chances that the proposal provided will be accurate. Generally RFPs are sent to an approved supplier or vendor list.
The bidders return a proposal by a set date and time. Late proposals may or may not be considered, depending on the terms of the initial RFP. The proposals are used to evaluate the suitability as a supplier, vendor, or institutional partner. Typically organizations follow a detailed vendor screening process to short list the vendors who should be invited for further rounds of negotiation. This screening process could either be vendor scoring models or internal discussions within the buyer organization. Discussions may be held on the proposals (often to clarify technical capabilities or to note errors in a proposal or in many cases to negotiate on the price). In most instances, only selected bidders may be invited to participate in subsequent bids, or may be asked to submit their best technical and financial proposal, commonly referred to as a Best and Final Offer (BAFO). Subsequent changes can be referred to as the Best and Revised Final Offer (BARFO).
Once both the parties i.e. a buyer organization and seller organization agree on the technical and commercial terms and conditions of the proposal, they could move on to next steps like contract signing, statement of work which would formalize the purchase transactions.
Today, many organizations are becoming more collaborative in the development of RFPs; this is especially true for universities and other major public entities making major technology purchases. RFP-issuing groups ask for specific use cases, rather than providing a list of features, and ensure they have the opportunity to include demonstrations, webinars and meetings as part of the RFP process to ensure they have a strong understanding of all competing products before making a purchase.[4]
Other requests[edit]
A Request for Association (RFA), also known as request for partnership or request for alliance, is a proposal from one party to another for acting together (usually in business) and sharing the benefits of this joint action.
A Request for Information (RFI) is a proposal requested from a potential seller or a service provider to determine what products and services are potentially available in the marketplace to meet a buyer's needs and to know the capability of a seller in terms of offerings and strengths of the seller. RFIs are commonly used on major procurements, where a requirement could potentially be met through several alternate means. An RFI, however, is not an invitation to bid, is not binding on either the buyer or sellers, and may or may not lead to an RFP or RFQ.
A Request for Quotation (RFQ) is used when discussions with bidders are not required (mainly when the specifications of a product or service are already known) and when price is the main or only factor in selecting the successful bidder. An RFQ may also be used prior to issuing a full-blown RFP to determine general price ranges. In this scenario, products, services or suppliers may be selected from the RFQ results to bring in to further research in order to write a more fully fleshed out RFP. In commercial business practice, the RFQ is the most popularly used form of RFx, with many companies not understanding the distinction between the RFx's, and so defaulting to RFQ.
A Request for Qualifications (RFQ) also known as Pre-Qualification Questionnaire (PQQ) is a document often distributed before initiation of the RFP process. It is used to gather vendor information from multiple companies to generate a pool of prospects. This eases the RFP review process by preemptively short-listing candidates which meet the desired qualifications.
A Request for Solution (RFS) is similar to a RFP, but more open and general. This allows the vendor or supplier the most flexibility of all RFx's in expressing their solution, or their product and service combination.[5]
A Request for Tender (RFT), also known as Invitation to Tender (ITT), is more commonly used by governments.
See also[edit]
Call for bids
Contract A
E-tendering
ERFx
Funding opportunity announcement
Outsourcing
Proposal software
Qualifications-Based Selection
Reverse auction
Statement of work
Strategic sourcing
Tendering
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Blake, Gary & Bly, Robert W. (1993). The Elements of Technical Writing. New York: Macmillan Publishers. p. 100. ISBN 0020130856. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ "How Request for Proposal should be used in business &#124". Negotiation Experts. Negotiations.com. Retrieved 2013-05-16.
Jump up ^ "What's the difference between an RFI, an RFP, and an RFQ?". Humboldt State University. Archived from the original on 2015-07-21. Retrieved 2015-07-28.
Jump up ^ "Entering a Tech Procurement Process? Here Are 5 Things You Need to Know About RFPs". evolllution.com. 12 September 2014. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Tonti, Jon (July 3, 2012). "Out with Request for Proposals and in With Request for Solutions". Nearshore Americas. Retrieved 11 April 2017.
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The Ed Sullivan Show
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Ed Sullivan Show
Ed Sullivan
Also known as
Toast of the Town
Genre
Variety
Sketch Comedy
Presented by
Ed Sullivan
Narrated by
Bern Bennett (1948–1949)
Art Hannes (1949–1959 & 1961–1964)
Ralph Paul (1959–1961 & 1964–1971)
(announcer)
Theme music composer
Ray Bloch
Opening theme
"Toast of the Town"
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
24
No. of episodes
1,068
Production
Executive producer(s)
Ed Sullivan
Producer(s)
Marlo Lewis (1948–1960) (cofounder and coproducer with Sullivan)
Bob Precht
Chester Feldman
Jack McGeehan
Location(s)
Ed Sullivan Theater
New York
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
50–53 minutes
Release
Original network
CBS
Picture format
Black-and-white (1948–1965)
Color (1965–1971)
Audio format
Monaural
Original release
June 20, 1948 (1948-06-20) – June 6, 1971 (1971-06-06)
External links
Website
www.edsullivan.com
The Ed Sullivan Show is an American television variety show that ran on CBS from June 20, 1948, to June 6, 1971, and was hosted by New York entertainment columnist Ed Sullivan.[1] It was replaced in September 1971 by the CBS Sunday Night Movie.[2]
In 2002, The Ed Sullivan Show was ranked #15 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time.[3] In 2013, the series finished No. 31 in TV Guide Magazine's 60 Best Series of All Time.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Background
2.1 The Ed Sullivan Show Orchestra
3 Famous performances/notable guest stars
3.1 Itzhak Perlman
3.2 Elvis Presley
3.2.1 Initial appearance
3.2.2 Second and third appearances
3.3 The Beatles
3.4 African-American artists
3.5 Lovelace Watkins
3.5.1 The Supremes
3.5.2 Opportunity
3.6 The Muppets
3.7 Broadway
4 Mental illness program
5 Film clips
6 Controversies
6.1 Bo Diddley
6.2 Buddy Holly and the Crickets
6.3 Jackie Mason
6.4 Bob Dylan
6.5 The Doors
6.6 The Rolling Stones
7 Ratings history
8 Primetime specials
9 Parodies
10 References
11 Bibliography
12 External links
History[edit]
Carmen Miranda and Ed Sullivan on Toast of the Town, 1953.
From 1948 until its cancellation in 1971, the show ran on CBS every Sunday night from 8–9 p.m. E.T., and is one of the few entertainment shows to have run in the same weekly time slot on the same network for more than two decades. (During its first season, it ran from 9 to 10 p.m. E.T.) Virtually every type of entertainment appeared on the show; classical musicians, opera singers, popular recording artists, songwriters, comedians, ballet dancers, dramatic actors performing monologues from plays, and circus acts were regularly featured. The format was essentially the same as vaudeville, and although vaudeville had undergone a slow demise for a generation, Sullivan presented many ex-vaudevillians on his show.[5]
Originally co-created and produced by Marlo Lewis, the show was first titled Toast of the Town, but was widely referred to as The Ed Sullivan Show for years before September 25, 1955, when that became its official name. In the show's June 20, 1948 debut, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis performed along with singer Monica Lewis and Broadway composers Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II previewing the score to their then-new show South Pacific, which opened on Broadway in 1949.
From 1948 through 1962, the program's primary sponsor was the Lincoln-Mercury Division of the Ford Motor Company; Sullivan read many commercials for Mercury vehicles live on the air during this period.
The Ed Sullivan Show was originally broadcast via live television from CBS-TV studio 51, the Maxine Elliott Theatre, at Broadway and 39th St. before moving to its permanent home at CBS-TV Studio 50 in New York City (1697 Broadway, at 53rd Street), which was renamed The Ed Sullivan Theater[6] on the occasion of the program's 20th anniversary in June 1968. The last original Sullivan show telecast (#1068) was on March 28, 1971, with guests Melanie, Joanna Simon, Danny Davis and the Nashville Brass, and Sandler and Young. Repeats were scheduled through June 6, 1971.
Background[edit]
Along with the new talent Sullivan booked each week, he also had recurring characters appear many times a season, such as his "Little Italian Mouse" puppet sidekick Topo Gigio, who debuted December 9, 1962,[7] and ventriloquist Señor Wences debuted December 31, 1950.[8] While most of the episodes aired live from New York City, the show also aired live on occasion from other nations, such as the United Kingdom, Australia, and Japan. For many years, Ed Sullivan was a national event each Sunday evening, and was the first exposure for foreign performers to the American public. On the occasion of the show's tenth anniversary telecast, Sullivan commented on how the show had changed during a June 1958 interview syndicated by the Newspaper Enterprise Association (NEA):
The chief difference is mostly one of pace. In those days, we had maybe six acts. Now we have 11 or 12. Then, each of our acts would do a leisurely ten minutes or so. Now they do two or three minutes. And in those early days I talked too much. Watching these kines I cringe. I look up at me talking away and I say "You fool! Keep quiet!" But I just keep on talking. I've learned how to keep my mouth shut.
The show enjoyed phenomenal popularity in the 1950s and early 1960s. As had occurred with the annual telecasts of The Wizard of Oz in the 1960s and '70s, the family ritual of gathering around the television set to watch Ed Sullivan became almost a U.S. cultural universal. He was regarded as a kingmaker, and performers considered an appearance on his program as a guarantee of stardom, although this sometimes did not turn out to be the case. The show's iconic status is illustrated by the song "Hymn for a Sunday Evening" from the 1960 musical Bye Bye Birdie. In the song, a family of viewers expresses their regard for the program in worshipful tones.
In September 1965, CBS started televising the program in compatible color, as all three major networks began to switch to 100 percent color prime time schedules. CBS had once backed its own color system, developed by Peter Goldmark, and resisted using RCA's compatible process until 1954. At that time, it built its first New York City color TV studio, Studio 72, in a former RKO movie theater at 2248 Broadway (81st Street). One Ed Sullivan Show was broadcast on August 22, 1954, from the new studio, but it was mostly used for one-time-only specials such as Rodgers and Hammerstein's March 31, 1957 Cinderella. (The facility was later acquired by TeleTape Productions and notably became the first studio where the PBS children's program Sesame Street was produced.) CBS Studio 72 was demolished in 1986 and replaced by an apartment house. CBS Studio 50 was finally "colorized" in 1965. The 1965–66 season premiere starred the Beatles in an episode airing on September 12, which was the last episode to air in black and white. This occurred because the episode was taped at the Beatles' convenience on August 14, the eve of their Shea Stadium performance and a two-week tour of North America, slightly before the program was ready for color transmission.
In the late 1960s, Sullivan remarked that his program was waning as the decade went on. He realized that to keep viewers, the best and brightest in entertainment had to be seen, or else the viewers were going to keep on changing the channel. Along with declining viewership, Ed Sullivan attracted a higher median age for the average viewer (which most sponsors found undesirable) as the seasons went on. These two factors were the reason the show was canceled by CBS as part of a mass cancellation of advertiser-averse programming after the end of the 1970–1971 season. Because there was no notice of cancellation, Sullivan's landmark program ended without a proper finale. Sullivan would produce one-off specials for CBS until his death in 1974.
In 1990, television documentary producer Andrew Solt formed SOFA Entertainment, Inc. and purchased the exclusive rights to the complete library of The Ed Sullivan Show from Ed Sullivan's daughter Elizabeth and her husband Bob Precht.[9][10] The collection consists of 1,087 hours of kinescopes and videotapes broadcast by CBS on Sunday nights from 1948 to 1971.
Since acquiring the rights to The Ed Sullivan Show library, SOFA Entertainment has catalogued, organized and cleared performance rights for the original shows. Starting in 1991, SOFA Entertainment has re-introduced The Ed Sullivan Show to the American public by producing numerous network specials, half-hour series (airing on TV Land, PBS, VH1 and Decades), and home video compilations.[11] Some of these compilations include The 4 Complete Ed Sullivan Shows Starring The Beatles, All 6 Ed Sullivan Shows Starring The Rolling Stones, Elvis: The Ed Sullivan Shows, Motown Gold from the Ed Sullivan Show, Ed Sullivan's Rock 'n Roll Classics, and 115 half-hour The Best of The Ed Sullivan Show specials, among others.[12][13][14][15] The legendary performances of this show are also available as video and audio downloads and an app on iTunes."[16]
The Ed Sullivan Show Orchestra[edit]
In the early years of television, both CBS and NBC networks had their own symphony orchestras. NBC's was conducted by Arturo Toscanini and CBS's by Alfredo Antonini. The Ed Sullivan Show was basically a musical variety show, and thus members of the CBS orchestra were folded into the Ed Sullivan Show Orchestra, conducted by Ray Bloch. During the early days of television, the demands on studio musicians were many-tiered. They needed to be proficient in all genres of music, from classical, to jazz and to rock and roll. The Ed Sullivan Show would regularly feature singers from the Metropolitan Opera and the staff orchestra would accompany divas such as Eileen Farrell, Maria Callas or Joan Sutherland. The musicians needed to be prepared to switch gears for Ella Fitzgerald, Diahann Carroll or Sammy Davis, Jr. and then onto The Jackson Five, Stevie Wonder or Tom Jones or Itzhak Perlman. They also needed to perform with some of the greatest dancers and ballerinas of the time, from Gregory Hines, Juliet Prowse or Margo Fonteyn to the Peter Genarro dancers. Few musicians are capable of crossing over from one genre to another. However, each member of the Ed Sullivan Show Orchestra was a specialist and more than capable of covering the complete spectrum of music.
Music Hall Of Fame inductee Gordon Chris Griffin (formerly with the trumpet section of Harry James, Ziggy Elman and Chris Griffin of The Benny Goodman Band) was Ray Bloch's lead trumpet player for the many radio and television shows that he conducted including the Ed Sullivan Show. "Chris" remained the lead trumpet player with The Ed Sullivan show from the first show in 1948 to the last show in 1971. Unlike "The Tonight Show" of NBC, which celebrated the notoriety of their musicians in Skitch Henderson's or Doc Severinsen's Band, the CBS producers of The Ed Sullivan show decided to hide their famed musicians behind a curtain. Occasionally, CBS would broadcast "Specials" and they would call upon the orchestra to perform. When Robert Kennedy was assassinated, music was hastily composed for the orchestra in a special tribute that also featured Bill Evans, who had recently composed an Elegy To His Father. In 1971, The Ed Sullivan Show came to an abrupt end. The CBS board of directors chose this occasion to terminate any and all contracts with their musicians as they were unceremoniously shown the door.
Famous performances/notable guest stars[edit]
Sullivan and The Beatles, February 1964
The Ed Sullivan Show is especially known to the World War II and baby boomer generations for introducing acts and airing breakthrough performances by popular 1950s and 1960s musicians such as Elvis Presley, The Beatles, The Supremes, The Dave Clark Five, The Animals, The Beach Boys, The Jackson 5, Janis Joplin, The Rolling Stones, The Mamas & the Papas, The Lovin' Spoonful, Herman's Hermits, The Doors, and The Band. The Canadian comedy duo Wayne and Shuster appeared on the program 67 times, a record for any performer.[17]
Itzhak Perlman[edit]
The American public's first exposure to Itzhak Perlman was on the show in 1958, when he was just 13. This performance was a breakthrough not only for classical music, but also for Perlman, who rode the waves of admiration that came with performing on the show to new heights of fame and has remained one of the most famous violinists for decades.
Elvis Presley[edit]
Initial appearance[edit]
On September 9, 1956, Presley made his first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show (after earlier appearances on shows hosted by the Dorsey Brothers, Milton Berle, and Steve Allen), even though Sullivan had previously vowed never to allow Presley on the show.[18] According to biographer Michael David Harris, "Sullivan signed Presley when the host was having an intense Sunday-night rivalry with Steve Allen. Allen had the singer on July 1 and trounced Sullivan in the ratings. When asked to comment, the CBS star said that he wouldn't consider presenting Presley before a family audience. Less than two weeks later he changed his mind and signed a contract. The newspapers asked him to explain his reversal. 'What I said then was off the reports I'd heard. I hadn't even seen the guy. Seeing the kinescopes, I don't know what the fuss was all about. For instance, the business about rubbing the thighs. He rubbed one hand on his hip to dry off the perspiration from playing his guitar.' "[19]
Sullivan's reaction to Presley's performance on The Milton Berle Show was, "I don't know why everybody picked on Presley, I thought the whole show was dirty and vulgar."[20]
Elvis mythology states that Sullivan censored Presley by only shooting him from the waist up. Sullivan may have helped create the myth when he told TV Guide, "as for his gyrations, the whole thing can be controlled with camera shots." In truth Presley's whole body was shown in the first and second shows.[20]
At the time, Presley was filming Love Me Tender, so Sullivan's producer, Marlo Lewis, flew to Los Angeles to supervise the two segments telecast that night from CBS Television City in Hollywood. Sullivan, however, was not able to host his show in New York City because he was recovering from a near fatal automobile accident. Charles Laughton guest-hosted in Sullivan's place. Laughton appeared in front of plaques with gold records and stated, "These gold records, four of them... are a tribute to the fact that four of his recordings have sold, each sold, more than a million copies. And this, by the way, is the first time in record-making history that a singer has hit such a mark in such a short time. ... And now, away to Hollywood to meet Elvis Presley."[21]
However, according to Greil Marcus, Laughton was the main act of Sullivan's show. "Presley was the headliner, and a Sullivan headliner normally opened the show, but Sullivan was burying him. Laughton had to make the moment invisible: to act as if nobody was actually waiting for anything. He did it instantly, with complete command, with the sort of television presence that some have and some—Steve Allen, or Ed Sullivan himself—don't."[22]
Host Laughton introduced the singer from New York. Once on camera, Elvis cleared his throat and said, "Thank you, Mr. Laughton, ladies and gentlemen. Wow", and wiped his brow. "This is probably the greatest honor I've ever had in my life. Ah. There's not much I can say except, it really makes you feel good. We want to thank you from the bottom of our heart. And now ..." "Don't Be Cruel", which was, after a short introduction by Elvis, followed by "Love Me Tender".[21] According to Elaine Dundy, Presley sang "Love Me Tender" "straight, subdued and tender ... —a very different Elvis from the one on The Steve Allen Show three months before".[23]
When the camera returned to Laughton, he stated, "Well, well, well well well. Ladies and gentlemen, Elvis Presley. And Mr. Presley, if you are watching this in Hollywood, and I may address myself to you. It has been many a year since any young performer has captured such a wide, and, as we heard tonight, devoted audience."[21]
Elvis Presley performing "Ready Teddy"
Elvis's second set in the show consisted of "Ready Teddy" and a short on-air comment to Sullivan, "Ah, Mr. Sullivan. We know that somewhere out there you are looking in, and, ah, all the boys and myself, and everybody out here, are looking forward to seeing you back on television." Next, Elvis declared, "Friends, as a great philosopher once said, 'You ain't nothin' but a Hound Dog ...,' " as he launched into a short (1:07) version of the song.[21]
According to Marcus, "For the first of his two appearances that night, as a performer Elvis had come on dressed in grandma's nightgown and nightcap." Concerning the singer's second set in the show, the author adds that there were "Elvis, Scotty Moore on guitar, Bill Black on stand-up bass, D. J. Fontana on drums, three Jordanaires on their feet, one at a piano. They were shown from behind; the camera pulled all the way back. They went into 'Ready Teddy.' It was Little Richard's most thrilling record", however, "there was no way Elvis was going to catch him, but he didn’t have to—the song is a wave and he rode it. Compared to moments on the Dorsey shows, on the Berle show, it was ice cream—Elvis's face unthreatening, his legs as if in casts ..."[22] When "he sang Little Richard's 'Reddy Teddy' and began to move and dance, the camera pulled in, so that the television audience saw him from the waist up only."[24]
Although Laughton was the main star and there were seven other acts on the show, Elvis was on camera for more than a quarter of the time allotted to all acts.[25] The show was viewed by a record 60 million people which at the time was 82.6 percent of the television audience, and the largest single audience in television history. "In the New York Times", however, "Jack Gould began his review indignantly: Elvis Presley had 'injected movements of his tongue and indulged in wordless singing that were singularly distasteful.' Overstimulating the physical impulses of the teenagers was 'a gross national disservice.'"[26]
Second and third appearances[edit]
"Hound Dog", October 28, 1956
Sullivan hosted a second appearance by Presley on October 28, 1956. Elvis performed "Don't Be Cruel", then "Love Me Tender". Sullivan then addressed the audience as he stood beside Elvis, who began shaking his legs, eliciting screams from the audience. By the time Sullivan turned his head, Elvis was standing motionless. After Presley left the stage, Sullivan stated, "I can’t figure this darn thing out. You know. He just does this [Ed shakes his legs] and everybody yells." Elvis appeared a second time in the show and sang "Love Me". Later on, he sang a nearly four-minute-long version of "Hound Dog" and was shown in full the entire song.
For the third and final appearance on January 6, 1957, Presley performed a medley of "Hound Dog", "Love Me Tender", and "Heartbreak Hotel", followed by a full version of "Don't Be Cruel". For a second set later in the show he did "Too Much" and "When My Blue Moon Turns to Gold Again". For his last set he sang "Peace in the Valley". According to Sullivan's co-producer Marlo Lewis, the rumor had it that "Elvis has been hanging a small soft-drink bottle from his groin underneath his pants, and when he wiggles his leg it looks as though his pecker reaches down to his knee!"[27] It was decided to shoot the singer only from the waist while he performed. Although much has been made of the fact that Elvis was shown only from the waist up, except for the short section of "Hound Dog", all of the songs on this show were ballads. "Leaving behind the bland clothes he had worn on the first two shows", Greil Marcus says, Elvis "stepped out in the outlandish costume of a pasha, if not a harem girl. From the make-up over his eyes, the hair falling in his face, the overwhelmingly sexual cast of his mouth, he was playing Rudolph Valentino in The Sheik, with all stops out. That he did so in front of the Jordanaires, who this night appeared as the four squarest-looking men on the planet, made the performance even more potent."[28]
Sullivan praised Elvis at the end of the show, saying "This is a real decent, fine boy. We've never had a pleasanter experience on our show with a big name than we've had with you.... You're thoroughly all right"[29]—a remark that could either be interpreted as a "ringing endorsement" that "legitimized the singer with an adult audience"[30] or as "a somewhat hypocritical statement considering what the CBS censors had just done to his performance on that show."[31] Eyewitness Jerry Schilling writes, "The way Elvis looked out at us at that moment, I thought I could see a mix of hurt over the attacks he’d been subjected to in the press, and a deep pride in who he was and what he was doing."[32] (According to historian Tim Parrish, Presley's manager, Colonel Parker, "had threatened to remove Elvis from the show if Sullivan did not apologize for telling the press that Elvis's 'gyrations' were immoral."[33]) Reflecting on the event in 1969, Presley claimed that Sullivan had expressed a very different opinion off-camera: "So they arranged to put me on television. At that particular time there was a lot of controversy—you didn't see people moving—out in public. They were gettin' it on in the back rooms, but you didn't see it out in public too much. So there was a lot of controversy ... and I went to the Ed Sullivan Show. They photographed me from the waist up. And Sullivan's standing over there saying, 'Sumbitch.' I said, 'Thank you, Ed, thank you.' I didn't know what he was calling me, at the time."[34]
Years later, Sullivan "tried to sign the singer up again... He phoned Presley's manager, Col. Tom Parker, and asked about a price. Parker came up with a list of instructions and conditions and after hearing the demands Sullivan said, 'Give Elvis my best—and my sympathy,' and he hung up."[19] The singer never again appeared in Sullivan's show, although in February 1964 at the start of the first of three broadcasts featuring the Beatles (see below), Sullivan announced that a telegram had been received from Presley and Parker wishing the British group luck.
The Beatles[edit]
The Beatles performing "Help!" in August 1965.
In late 1963, Sullivan and his entourage happened also to be passing through Heathrow and witnessed how The Beatles' fans greeted the group on their return from Stockholm, where they had performed a television show as warmup band to local stars Suzie and Lill Babs. Sullivan was intrigued, telling his entourage it was the same thing as Elvis all over again. He initially offered Beatles manager Brian Epstein top dollar for a single show but the Beatles manager had a better idea — he wanted exposure for his clients: the Beatles would instead appear three times on the show, at bottom dollar, but receive top billing and two spots (opening and closing) on each show.[35]
The Beatles appeared on three consecutive Sundays in February 1964 to great anticipation and fanfare as "I Want to Hold Your Hand" had swiftly risen to No. 1 in the charts. Their first appearance on February 9 is considered a milestone in American pop culture and the beginning of the British Invasion in music. The broadcast drew an estimated 73 million viewers, at the time a record for US television. The Beatles followed Ed's show opening intro, performing "All My Loving"; "Till There Was You", which featured the names of the group members superimposed on closeup shots, including the famous "SORRY GIRLS, HE'S MARRIED" caption on John Lennon; and "She Loves You". The act that followed Beatles in the broadcast, magician Fred Kaps, was pre-recorded in order to allow time for an elaborate set change.[36] The group returned later in the program to perform "I Saw Her Standing There" and "I Want to Hold Your Hand".
The following week's show was broadcast from Miami Beach where Muhammad Ali (then Cassius Clay) was in training for his first title bout with Sonny Liston. The occasion was used by both camps for publicity. On the evening of the television show (February 16) a crush of people nearly prevented the band from making it onstage. A wedge of policemen were needed and the band began playing "She Loves You" only seconds after reaching their instruments. They continued with "This Boy", and "All My Loving" and returned later to close the show with "I Saw Her Standing There", "From Me to You" and "I Want to Hold Your Hand".
They were shown on tape February 23 (this appearance had been taped earlier in the day on February 9 before their first live appearance). They followed Ed's intro with "Twist and Shout" and "Please Please Me" and closed the show once again with "I Want to Hold Your Hand".
The Beatles appeared live for the final time on August 14, 1965. The show was broadcast September 12, 1965, and earned Sullivan a 60-percent share of the nighttime audience for one of the appearances. This time they followed three acts before coming out to perform "I Feel Fine", "I'm Down", and "Act Naturally" and then closed the show with "Ticket to Ride", "Yesterday", and "Help!" Although this was their final live appearance on the show, the group would, for several years, provide filmed promotional clips of songs to air exclusively on Sullivan's program such as the 1966 and 1967 clips of "Paperback Writer", "Rain", "Penny Lane", and "Strawberry Fields Forever".
Although the appearances by The Beatles, Elvis and The Supremes are considered the most famous rock and roll performances on Ed Sullivan, several months before Elvis debuted, Sullivan invited Bill Haley & His Comets to perform their then-current hit "Rock Around the Clock" in early August 1955. This was later recognized by CBS and others (including music historian Jim Dawson in his book on "Rock Around the Clock") as the first performance of a rock and roll song on a national television program.
African-American artists[edit]
Lovelace Watkins[edit]
Lovelace Watkins
Watkins was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey in 1938. He was of African, Indian and Spanish heritage. When his mother gave birth to him, she was only fourteen years old and Watkins was raised by his grandmother. He studied microbiology at Rutgers University and also trained as a boxer. His operatically trained and signature booming voice took him to Europe where he became so popular that he was invited to entertain at the Royal Command Performance for the Queen of the United Kingdom. The Times called him “the best entertainer on earth.” In South Africa he received two gold albums and was so celebrated that a public parade was held in his honor – an unprecedented reception for a black entertainer at the height of Apartheid. He appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1961 while promoting his album "The Big, Big Voice of Lovelace Watkins", music arranged and conducted by Ray Ellis. In addition to appearing on The Ed Sullivan Show, Lovelace also appeared on the Johnny Carson and Mike Douglasshows.
The Supremes[edit]
The Supremes singing "My World Is Empty Without You". L-R Florence Ballard, Mary Wilson and Diana Ross (Feb. 20, 1966)
The Supremes were a special act for The Ed Sullivan Show. In addition to 14 appearances,[37] they were a personal favorite of Sullivan, whom he affectionately called "The Girls".[38] Over the five years they performed on the program, the Supremes performed 15 of their hit singles, and numerous Broadway showtunes and other non-Motown songs. The group featuring the most popular lineup of Diana Ross, Mary Wilson, and Florence Ballard appeared 15 times from December 1964 through May 1967.
The group reappeared on the series in October 1967 as the newly rebilled "Diana Ross & the Supremes", with Ballard replacement Cindy Birdsong and Ross more prominently featured. The Supremes' final appearance on the show, shortly before it ended, served as the platform to introduce America to Ross's replacement, Jean Terrell, in March 1970.
Like The Beatles and The Rolling Stones, there is a DVD of some of their appearances, The Best of The Supremes on the Ed Sullivan Show.
Opportunity[edit]
In an era when few opportunities existed for African American performers on national television, Sullivan was a champion of black talent. He launched the careers of many performers by presenting them to a nationwide TV audience and ignored the criticism. In an NEA interview, Sullivan commented:
“ The most important thing [during the first ten years of the program] is that we've put on everything but bigotry. When the show first started in '48, I had a meeting with the sponsors. There were some Southern dealers present and they asked if I intended to put on Negroes.[39] I said yes. They said I shouldn't, but I convinced them I wasn't going to change my mind. And you know something? We've gone over very well in the South. Never had a bit of trouble. ”
The show included entertainers such as Frankie Lymon, The Supremes, Marian Anderson, Louis Armstrong, Pearl Bailey, LaVern Baker, Harry Belafonte, James Brown (and The Famous Flames),[40] Cab Calloway, Godfrey Cambridge, Diahann Carroll, Ray Charles, Nat King Cole, Bill Cosby, Count Basie, Dorothy Dandridge, Sammy Davis, Jr., Bo Diddley, Duke Ellington, Lola Falana, The 5th Dimension, Ella Fitzgerald, The Four Tops, Dick Gregory, W. C. Handy, Lena Horne, The Jackson 5, Mahalia Jackson, Bill Kenny, George Kirby, Eartha Kitt, Gladys Knight & the Pips, Little Anthony and the Imperials, Moms Mabley, Johnny Mathis, The Miracles, Melba Moore, The Platters, Leontyne Price, Richard Pryor, Lou Rawls, Della Reese, Nipsey Russell, Nina Simone, Sly and the Family Stone, The Temptations, Martha and the Vandellas, Ike & Tina Turner, Leslie Uggams, Sarah Vaughan, William Warfield, Dionne Warwick, Dinah Washington, Ethel Waters, Flip Wilson, Jackie Wilson, Nancy Wilson, and Stevie Wonder.
Before his death in a plane crash in December 1967, soul singer Otis Redding had been booked to appear on the show the following year. One telecast included African-American bass-baritone Andrew Frierson singing "Ol' Man River" from Kern and Hammerstein's Show Boat, a song that, at that time, was usually sung on television by white singers, although it was written for a black character in the musical.
However, Sullivan featured "rockers", and gave prominence to black musicians "not without censorship". For instance, he scheduled Fats Domino "at the show's end in case he had to cancel a guest". He presented Domino alone at his piano singing as if he were a young Nat 'King' Cole or Fats Waller, as he performed "Blueberry Hill".[41][42] On March 4, 1962, Sullivan presented Domino and his band, who did "Jambalaya", Hank Williams' "You Win Again", and "Let the Four Winds Blow". All seven of Domino's band members were visible to millions of viewers.[43] On December 1, 1957, Sam Cooke performed a complete version of "For Sentimental Reasons".[44] Cooke had been cut off four weeks earlier during a live performance of "You Send Me" as the show's allotted time expired, leading Sullivan to rebook Cooke for the December 1 show.[45]
The Muppets[edit]
Between 1966 and 1971, Jim Henson performed some of his Muppet characters on the show. The characters made a total of 25 appearances.
Henson's Muppets were introduced on The Ed Sullivan Show on September 18, 1966. Sullivan introduced the characters as "Jim, uh ... Newsom's puppets." The act featured a small ball of fur growing into the Rock and Roll Monster (performed by Jim Henson, Jerry Nelson, and Frank Oz) with three heads and six arms lip-syncing to the unreleased song "Rock It to Me" by The Bruthers. After the act was done, the Rock and Roll Monster shrunk back into the ball of fur which is then eaten by Sour Bird (who was previously used in a commercial for Royal Crown Cola).
Over the next few years, Henson's Muppets would make more appearances, with performances including:
The Art of Visual Thinking (October 2, 1966) – A remake of the skit of the same name from Sam and Friends. Kermit (performed by Jim Henson) teaches Grump (performed by Frank Oz and voiced by Jerry Juhl) about the concept of visualizing thoughts through drawings shown on the TV screen. This sketch was reprised on June 4, 1967.
Monster Family (October 23, 1966) – Fred (performed by Jim Henson) appears as a father monster talks to his son (performed by Jerry Juhl) about being a monster. A blue version of Splurge (performed by Frank Oz) appears as the mother.
Java (November 27, 1966) – Two tube-like Muppets (which were designed by Frank Oz) dance to the Al Hirt song "Java." Jim Henson and Frank Oz performed the two puppets and the explosion that provides the punchline was achieved by Jerry Juhl shooting off a fire extinguisher. It should be noted that as the three of them prepared to go onstage that night right before Ed Sullivan introduced them, Jerry Juhl suddenly realized that he left the fire extinguisher in their dressing room which was up on the second floor. Jerry Juhl raced to the elevator hearing the "Java" music through the speakers in the elevator so he knew exactly how much time he had left until it was too late. Jerry Juhl managed to grab the fire extinguisher, run back to the elevator, and make the trip back down to the stage just in time for the climax. This sketch was reprised on May 26, 1968. The act even was done on Stuffed and Unstrung (an evolved counterpart of Puppet Up!).
Inchworm (November 27, 1966) – Kermit sits on a wall and hums "Glow Worm". Kermit eats some worms that interrupt him. When it comes to the latest one, Kermit grabs it and pulls it showing how long it is until it turns out that it happens to be the nose of Big V who ends up eating Kermit.
Music Hath Charms (January 15, 1967) – Kermit plays the piano with some Muppet Monsters dancing to the music. After the song, the piano comes to life and eats Kermit.
I've Grown Accustomed to Your Face (February 5, 1967) – Kermit and Yorick from Sam and Friends are featured in this act. Kermit (dressed as a girl) lip-synchs to Rosemary Clooney's cover version as Yorick eats his way out of the handkerchief he's under and tries to eat Kermit. This was previously done on The Jack Paar Show and later reprised on this show April 21, 1968, and reprised on August 29, 2011, at the D23 Expo by Leslie Carrara-Rudolph (who was operating a rebuilt version of Kermit's pre-frog form) and Brian Henson (who was operating a rebuilt and redesigned version of Yorick). The act was even done on Stuffed and Unstrung (an evolved counterpart of Puppet Up!). Clooney's cover was used for that event.
I Feel Pretty (April 30, 1967) – The story of an ugly girl named Amanda (performed by Jim Henson) who tries to become beautiful and tries to change her looks using a self-help book in order to gain the affection of Conrad Love (also performed by Jim Henson). Mert from the La Choy commercials and Fred from the Kern's Bakery commercials appear as Amanda's friends where they were performed by Jim Henson and Jerry Juhl (who also voices the narrator) while Frank Oz does the puppeteering.
Monster Eats Machine (October 8, 1967) – A prototype version of Cookie Monster (performed by Jim Henson) finds a talking machine (voiced by Jim Henson) and eats it while it explains its various parts. After the monster is done eating the machine, its voice is heard from within the monster as it states that nothing can stop it from performing its function which is to be the most powerful exploding device known to man. On a related note with this sketch, the prototype version of Cookie Monster was previously used as the Wheel-Stealer from the commercial for Wheels, Crowns, and Flutes. The sketch later appeared on The Muppet Show where the Luncheon Counter Monster also ate a machine explaining its functions.
Rowlf and Jimmy Dean (October 8, 1967) – Jimmy Dean and Rowlf the Dog appear together for the last time and perform "Friendship" while doing the "herd of cows" gag.
Santa Claus Routine with Arthur Godfrey (December 24, 1967) – Arthur Godfrey plays Santa Claus and gets a visit from a group of monsters consisting of Thudge (performed by Jim Henson), Gleep (a prototype of Grover performed by Frank Oz), Scudge (performed by Jerry Juhl), Snerk, and Snork (performed by Frank Oz). They attempt to steal the toys only to learn that Santa Claus is given them the toys. They then sing "It's Christmas Tomorrow".
Business, Business (February 18, 1968) – Two mean-looking creatures with tube-like necks scat about business while two friendlier creatures scat about values. The Blue Monster and the Orange Creature were performed by Jim Henson while the Green Monster and the Purple Creature were performed by Jerry Juhl. A goof is seen where some hands are shown holding the neck of the creatures.
The Monster Trash Can Dance (October 13, 1968) – Parts of a monster hide in a trash can as an increasingly suspicious Little Girl Sue wanders by.
Sclrap-Flyapp (November 24, 1968) – A weird-looking creature seen from the neck up randomly blurts out Sclrap Flyapp and uses its nose blast on any creature that doesn't say "Sclarp Flyapp". A goof is seen when the Sclrap-Flyapp creature is blasted at the end, an opening between its head and neck revealed the puppeteer's hand. This sketch was reworked into the Hugga Wugga sketch on The Muppet Show.
Christmas Reindeer (December 22, 1968) – A bunch of reindeer want snow to fall on Christmas. Dasher and Donner were performed by Jim Henson, Prancer was performed by Frank Oz, Blitzen was performed by Jerry Juhl, and Dancer was performed by Bob Payne. All the reindeer were built by Don Sahlin.
A Change of Face (March 30, 1969) – Rex Robbins changes the face and personality of the Southern Colonel from the Southern Bread commercials. A similar routine was used with the same puppet on The Muppets on Puppets.
Happy Girl Meets a Monster (May 11, 1969) – The Beautiful Day Monster (performed by Jim Henson) does all he can to ruin a beautiful day for Little Girl Sue (performed by Jim Henson). Beautiful Day Monster was first seen here before his appearances on Sesame Street and The Muppet Show.
Later performances by the Muppets include:
Mah Nà Mah Nà (November 30, 1969) – Mahna Mahna (performed by Jim Henson) and the Snowths were featured in this song before it was repeated on The Muppet Show. A goof is seen when Jim Henson's head and arm are seen when Mahna Mahna backs away from the camera.
Big Bird's Dance (December 14, 1969) – Big Bird dances to "Minuet of the Robots" by Jean-Jacques Perrey while bird watchers watch him. Danny Seagren performed Big Bird here, but had no dialogue even when Ed Sullivan talked to him.
Octopus's Garden (March 1, 1970) – An octopus (performed by Frank Oz) constantly interrupts the singing of "Octopus' Garden" by a diver (performed by Jim Henson) by giving out a bunch of bad puns until he receives comeuppance from a hungry giant clam (performed by Frank Oz).
Come Together (April 12, 1970) – A strange Muppet band sings the classic song by The Beatles while a giant blue and green dancing cowboy slowly fell apart.
What Kind of Fool Am I? (May 31, 1970) – Kermit tries to sing the song on the piano while Grover continues to interrupt him. Several older Muppets make cameo appearances in the finale of the sketch.
The Wild String Quartet (January 17, 1971) – Mahna Mahna (performed by Jim Henson) fills in for a violinist named Beagleman but ends up playing the drums instead much to the dismay of Harrison (performed by Richard Hunt), Twill (performed by Jerry Nelson), and Grump (performed by Frank Oz). Twill's puppet was recycled from Fred from the Munchos commercials and later used for Zelda Rose in The Muppet Show.
The Glutton (February 21, 1971) – An incredibly fat man called The Glutton (performed by Jim Henson and assisted by Frank Oz) kept eating things, before being shrunken by a small purple creature and then eaten by a duplicate of himself. After the sketch was over, the Glutton attempted to swallow Ed Sullivan's hand after giving him a handshake.
Broadway[edit]
The show is also noteworthy for showcasing performances from numerous classic Broadway musicals of the era, often featuring members of the original Broadway casts. These include:
West Side Story – Carol Lawrence and Larry Kert singing "Tonight"; the members of the Jets gang performing "Cool".
My Fair Lady – Julie Andrews singing "I Could Have Danced All Night" and "Wouldn't It Be Loverly?"; Rex Harrison performing "Why Can't the English?"; Stanley Holloway performing "With a Little Bit of Luck; John Michael King singing "On the Street Where You Live"
Camelot – Richard Burton and Julie Andrews performing an extended scene including the title song and "What Do the Simple Folk Do?"; Robert Goulet singing "If Ever I Would Leave You" and "C'est Moi".[46]
Show Boat (1961 New York City Center revival) – Andrew Frierson singing "Ol' Man River", and Carol Bruce, from the 1946 Broadway revival, singing "Bill".
Carnival! – Anna Maria Alberghetti singing "Love Makes the World Go 'Round".
Bye Bye Birdie – Dick Van Dyke singing "Put On A Happy Face", Chita Rivera singing "Spanish Rose", Paul Lynde singing "Kids" and "Hymn for a Sunday Evening (Ed Sullivan)".
Oliver! – Georgia Brown singing "As Long as He Needs Me"; Davy Jones singing "Consider Yourself"; Georgia Brown, Davy Jones, Alice Playten, Bruce Prochnik, Clive Revill and the boys singing "I'd Do Anything". The performance was on February 9, 1964 – on the same telecast as The Beatles' first live performance.[47]
Oklahoma! – John Raitt, Celeste Holm, Florence Henderson and Barbara Cook performing the title song; Celeste Holm (from the original Broadway cast) performing "I Can't Say No".
Sweet Charity – Gwen Verdon performing "I'm A Brass Band" and "If My Friends Could See Me Now".
The Roar of the Greasepaint – The Smell of the Crowd – Anthony Newley singing "Who Can I Turn To?".
Flora the Red Menace – Liza Minnelli singing "All I Need Is One Good Break" and "Sing Happy"
Flower Drum Song – Pat Suzuki performing "I Enjoy Being a Girl".
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes – Carol Channing singing "Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend".
Hair – the cast (including Diane Keaton, Melba Moore, Paul Jabara and co-authors Gerome Ragni and James Rado) performing "Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In".
Hello, Dolly! – Pearl Bailey (from the all-black 1967 revamping of the show) performing "Before the Parade Passes By" with the ensemble.
A performance by Broadway dancer Wayne Lamb
I Do! I Do! – Gordon MacRae and Carol Lawrence (Broadway replacements for Mary Martin and Robert Preston) singing the title song from the show, and MacRae singing "I Love My Wife" and "My Cup Runneth Over".
Kiss Me, Kate – Alfred Drake, Patricia Morison, Lisa Kirk, and Harold Lang singing "Another Op'nin' Another Show", "We Open In Venice", and "Wunderbar"
Man of La Mancha – Richard Kiley singing the title song and "The Impossible Dream"; Joan Diener in a rare television appearance in her stage role as Aldonza/Dulcinea singing "What Does He Want of Me?", most of the cast singing the show's final reprise of "The Impossible Dream"
Cabaret – Joel Grey singing part of "Wilkommen" (a song probably considered too suggestive for family viewing) and Jill Haworth in her stage role as Sally Bowles singing the title song
Purlie – Melba Moore singing "I Got Love" and "Purlie".
Wildcat – Lucille Ball and Paula Stewart singing "Hey, Look Me Over"
You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown – Gary Burghoff, Reva Rose, Bob Balaban, Skip Hinnant, Karen Johnson, and Bill Hinnant singing the title song and "Happiness".
Ethel Merman would also occasionally appear singing hit songs from the shows that she starred in, including Annie Get Your Gun, Gypsy, Happy Hunting, Panama Hattie, and Anything Goes.
Hermione Gingold and Maurice Chevalier performed their duet, I Remember It Well, from the 1958 film Gigi, on the show.
Most of these artists performed in the same makeup and costumes that they wore in the shows, often providing the only visual recordings of these legendary performances by the original cast members, since there were no network telecasts of the Tony Awards until 1967. (There are traditionally no Broadway performances on Sunday nights, allowing the actors to perform without impacting the Broadway show.) Many performances have been compiled and released on DVD as The Best of Broadway Musicals—Original Cast Performances from The Ed Sullivan Show.
Mental illness program[edit]
In that same 1958 NEA interview, Sullivan noted his pride about the role that the show had had in improving the public's understanding of mental illness. Sullivan considered his May 17, 1953, telecast to be the single most important episode in the show's first decade. During that show, a salute to the popular Broadway director Joshua Logan, the two men were watching in the wings, and Sullivan asked Logan how he thought the show was doing. According to Sullivan, Logan told him that the show was dreadfully becoming "another one of those and-then-I-wrote shows"; Sullivan asked him what he should do about it, and Logan volunteered to talk about his experiences in a mental institution.[48]
Sullivan took him up on the offer, and in retrospect believed that several advances in the treatment of mental illness could be attributed to the resulting publicity, including the repeal of a Pennsylvania law about the treatment of the mentally ill and the granting of funds for the construction of new psychiatric hospitals.
Film clips[edit]
Occasionally Sullivan would feature a Hollywood actor introducing a clip from a film in which he or she currently starred. Burt Lancaster made an appearance in 1962, speaking about Robert Stroud, the character he portrayed in Birdman of Alcatraz, and introducing a clip from the film. And although Olivier personally did not appear on the show, in 1966 Sullivan showed a clip from the Laurence Olivier Othello, the film version of which was then currently showing in New York.[49]
Controversies[edit]
Bo Diddley[edit]
On November 20, 1955, African-American rock 'n' roll singer and guitarist Bo Diddley appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show, only to infuriate Sullivan ("I did two songs and he got mad"). Diddley had been asked to sing Tennessee Ernie Ford's hit "Sixteen Tons", which he agreed. But when he appeared on stage, he forgot his cue and instead sang his #1 R&B hit song that bears his name. Diddley later recalls, "Ed Sullivan says to me in plain words: 'You are the first black boy—quote—that ever double crossed me!' I was ready to fight, because I was a little young dude off the streets of Chicago, an' him callin' me 'black' in them days was as bad as sayin' 'nigger'. My manager says to me 'That's Mr. Sullivan!' I said: 'I don’t give a shit about Mr. Sullivan, [h]e don't talk to me like that!' An' so he told me, he says, 'I'll see that you never work no more in show business. You'll never get another TV show in your life!'"[50] Indeed, Diddley seems to have been banned from further appearances, as "the guitarist never did appear on The Ed Sullivan Show again."[51]
Buddy Holly and the Crickets[edit]
On January 26, 1958, for their second appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, Buddy Holly and The Crickets were scheduled to perform two songs. Sullivan wanted the band to substitute a different song for their record hit "Oh, Boy!", which he felt was too raucous. Holly had already told his hometown friends in Texas that he would be singing "Oh, Boy!" for them, and told Sullivan as much. During the afternoon the Crickets were summoned to rehearsal at short notice, but only Holly was in their dressing room. When asked where the others were, Holly replied, "I don't know. No telling." Sullivan then turned to Holly and said "I guess The Crickets are not too excited to be on The Ed Sullivan Show" to which Holly caustically replied, "I hope they're damn more excited than I am."
Sullivan, already bothered by the choice of songs, was now even angrier. He cut the Crickets' act from two songs to one, and when introducing them mispronounced Holly's name, so it came out vaguely as "Hollered" or "Holland." In addition, Sullivan saw to it that the microphone for Holly's electric guitar was turned off. Holly tried to compensate by singing as loudly as he could, and repeatedly trying to turn up the volume on his guitar. For the instrumental break he cut loose with a dramatic solo, making clear to the audience that the technical fault wasn't his. The band was received so well that Sullivan was forced to invite them back for a third appearance. Holly's response was that Sullivan did not have enough money. Film of the performance survives; photographs taken that day show Sullivan looking angry and Holly smirking and perhaps ignoring Sullivan.
Jackie Mason[edit]
On October 18, 1964, Jackie Mason allegedly gave Sullivan the finger on air. A tape of the incident shows Mason doing his stand-up comedy act and then looking toward Sullivan, commenting that Sullivan was signaling him. Sullivan was reportedly letting Mason know (by pointing two fingers) that he had only two minutes left, as CBS was about to cut away to show a speech by President Lyndon Johnson. Mason began working his own fingers into his act and pointed toward Sullivan with his middle finger slightly separated. After Mason left the stage, the camera then cut to a visibly angry Sullivan. Sullivan argued with Mason backstage, then terminated his contract. Mason denied knowingly giving Sullivan the middle finger, and Mason later claimed that he had never even heard of the gesture at that time. In retaliation, to protect the perceived threat to his career, Mason filed a libel suit at the New York Supreme Court, which he won.[52] Sullivan publicly apologized to Mason when he appeared on the show two years later, in 1966. At that time, Mason opened his monologue by saying, "It's a great thrill and a fantastic opportunity to see me in person again," and impersonated Sullivan during his act.[53] Mason later appeared on the show five times: April 23, 1967; Feb. 25, 1968; Nov. 24, 1968; Jul. 22, 1969; and Aug. 31, 1969.
Bob Dylan[edit]
Bob Dylan was slated to make his first nationwide television appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show on May 12, 1963, and intended to perform "Talkin' John Birch Paranoid Blues", a song he wrote lampooning the John Birch Society and the red-hunting paranoia associated with it. During the afternoon rehearsal that day, CBS officials told Dylan they had deemed the song unacceptable for broadcast and wanted him to substitute another. "No; this is what I want to do," Dylan responded. "If I can't play my song, I'd rather not appear on the show." He then left the studio, rather than altering the act.
The Doors[edit]
The Doors performing "Light My Fire", September 17, 1967.
The Doors were notorious for their appearance on the show. CBS network censors demanded that lead singer Jim Morrison change the lyrics to their hit single "Light My Fire" by altering the line, "Girl, we couldn't get much higher", before the band performed the song live on September 17, 1967. However, Morrison sang the original line, and on live television with no delay, CBS was powerless to stop it.[54] They were never invited back to the show. According to Ray Manzarek, the band was told, "Mr. Sullivan liked you boys. He wanted you on six more times. ... You'll never do the Sullivan show again." Morrison replied with glee, "Hey man, we just did the Sullivan show."[55]—at the time, an appearance was a hallmark of success. Manzarek has given differing accounts of what happened. He has said that the band only pretended to agree to change the line but also that Morrison was nervous and simply forgot to change the line. The performance and incident was re-enacted in the 1991 biographical film, The Doors.
Sullivan apparently felt the damage had been done and relented on bands using the word "higher". The following year, Sly & the Family Stone sang a medley where Sly repeated the lyric "Wanna take you higher!"[56]
The Rolling Stones[edit]
In contrast, the Rolling Stones were instructed to change the title of their "Let's Spend the Night Together" single for the band's January 15, 1967, appearance. The band complied, with Mick Jagger and Bill Wyman ostentatiously rolling their eyes heavenward whenever they reached the song's one-night-only, clean refrain, "Let's spend some time together". Mick Jagger did not wear a jacket on their first appearance on the show (October 25, 1964) and this annoyed Sullivan. They were asked to appear again, but they were asked to wear jackets for their 1965 appearance. The Stones would ultimately play on the Ed Sullivan Show six times.[57]
In contrast, Diana Ross & the Supremes, frequent guests on Sullivan's show, debuted their then-release and eventually controversial #1 hit song "Love Child" on Sullivan's show, but nothing about its title or its content about a woman in poverty having a child out of wedlock (which was exceptionally taboo to mention on television at the time) seemed to faze Sullivan, the show's producers, or the network.[58]
Ratings history[edit]
1948–1949: N/A
1949–1950: N/A
1950–1951: #15, 3,723,000 viewers[59]
1951–1952: N/A
1952–1953: N/A
1953–1954: #17, 8,580,000 viewers[60]
1954–1955: #5, 12,157,200 viewers[61]
1955–1956: #3, 13,785,500 viewers[62]
1956–1957: #2, 14,937,600 viewers[63]
1957–1958: #27, 11,444,160 viewers[64]
1958–1959: N/A
1959–1960: #12, 12,810,000 viewers[65]
1960–1961: #15, 11,800,000 viewers[66]
1961–1962: #19, 11,381,525 viewers[67]
1962–1963: #14, 12,725,900 viewers[68]
1963–1964: #8, 14,190,000 viewers[69]
1964–1965: #16, 13,280,400 viewers[70]
1965–1966: #18, 12,493,200 viewers[71]
1966–1967: #13, 12,569,640 viewers[72]
1967–1968: #13, 13,147,440 viewers[73]
1968–1969: #23, 12,349,000 viewers[74]
1969–1970: #27, 11,875,500 viewers[75]
1970–1971: N/A
Highlights:
9/09/1956: Elvis Presley's first appearance yielding a 82.6 percentage share, the highest in television history for any program up to this date (2015). Viewers: 60.2 million Source: Trendex, the precursor of Nielsen.
2/09/1964: The Beatles's first appearance yielding a 45.3 rating. Viewers: 73.7 million Source: Nielsen.
Other noteworthy ratings
02/16/1964: 43.8 rating The Beatles's second appearance. Source: Nielsen.
09/09/1956: 43.2 rating Elvis Presley's first appearance. Source: Trendex.
Primetime specials[edit]
Date
Title
Network
Rating
Length
2/02/1975 The Sullivan Years: A Tribute To Ed CBS
2/17/1991 The Very Best of Ed Sullivan CBS 21.3 9–11pm (Competition: Love, Lies and Murder: Part 1 got a 15.5 rating)
11/24/1991 The Very Best of Ed Sullivan 2 CBS 17.1 9–11pm
8/07/1992 The Very Best of the Ed Sullivan Show CBS 9.4 9–11pm (The Mary Tyler Moore Show: The 20th Anniversary Show got a 6.1 rating at 8pm)
12/20/1992 Holiday Greetings from the Ed Sullivan Show CBS 14.3 9–11pm
5/19/1995 The Ed Sullivan All-Star Comedy Special CBS 8.2 9–11pm
7/14/1995 The Very Best of Ed Sullivan CBS 7.5 9–11pm
5/18/1998 Ed Sullivan's 50th Anniversary CBS 9.3 10–11pm
Parodies[edit]
The show's immense popularity has been the target of numerous parodies. These include:
Numerous music videos, such as Billy Joel's "Tell Her About It" (Featuring Will Jordan as Sullivan), Nirvana's "In Bloom", Grinspoon's "Hold On Me", Outkast's "Hey Ya!", the Red Hot Chili Peppers's "Dani California" and Bring Me The Horizon's "Drown" have all parodied the show's visual style.
Rain: A Tribute to the Beatles open their concerts with prerecorded footage of a man doing an intentionally poor Sullivan impression in black and white and then introducing the band, which plays the first part of the show with an exact recreation of the set the Beatles used.
All You Need Is Cash (1978), a mockumentary about a fictional group, The Rutles. The film contains original footage of Sullivan introducing The Beatles with some audio redubbed for comedic effect.
The Fab Four, a Beatles tribute act hosted by an Ed Sullivan impressionist.
One of the characters in Lancelot Link, Secret Chimp, a children's live action TV series with a cast of chimpanzees dubbed by actors' speaking voices, is "Ed Simian", a parody of Sullivan.
Will Jordan, best known for his uncanny impersonation of Sullivan as the show's host.
Comedian George Carlin included a routine titled Ed Sullivan Self Taught on his 1972 album FM & AM.
On an episode of The Colgate Comedy Hour, Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis did a parody called The Toast of the Colgate Town, with Lewis wearing fake teeth and slicked-back hair as "Ed Solomon".[76]
In the episode "Harry Canary" in the animated series Dumb and Dumber, it was named "The Earvin Mulligan Show" as Lloyd's family were performing in the late 60s as "The Happy Dunne Family".
The first episode of the Late Show with David Letterman on August 30, 1993, featured clips of Ed Sullivan spliced together to make it look as though he was introducing host David Letterman, while a segment later in the episode featured David channeling the "ghost" of Ed Sullivan, this time an archive clip of Sullivan introducing actor Paul Newman, who was live in the Letterman audience that night. Since moving to CBS from NBC, Letterman taped his show in the Ed Sullivan Theater, the studio where Sullivan also staged his program, until his 2015 retirement.[77]
The Tom Hanks–directed film That Thing You Do! has the Beatles-esque band The Wonders performing in The Hollywood Television Showcase, complete with a caption over the band's lead singer similar to Lennon's "Sorry Girls! He's Married!" The scene was shot at CBS Television City in Los Angeles, which Sullivan used for his West Coast shows.
The 1954 film White Christmas features a pivotal scene that occurs on "The Ed Harrison Show", which was intentionally similar to Sullivan's show.
The 1960s animated television series The Flintstones featured a parody of Sullivan as "Ed Sulleystone" on the episode "Itsy Fred." On the episode called "Lola Brickada," Sullivan was referred to as "Ed Stonevan." Sullivan is also seen introducing "Roc Roll" in another episode, but his name is not mentioned. And in the episode where Fred brings home a lion cub, Barney performs a trick with the now grown up lion and mentioned that he saw a similar stunt on the "Ed Shalevan" show.
Gabe Kaplan did a comedy skit in the 1970s (also featured on his 1974 album Holes and Mellow Rolls), that had him impersonate a drunken Ed Sullivan on his final show, being nasty in general, and finally saying good night to the audience.
The 1994 film Pulp Fiction features a scene in a 50s–60s-themed restaurant where Jerome Patrick Hoban does an imitation of Ed Sullivan introducing acts.
The direct-to-video children's film The Wiggles: You Make Me Feel Like Dancing! includes a video for the song "Shimmy Shake" which depicts the group appearing on The Ed Sullivan Show. Paul Paddick portrayed Sullivan for the video.
In the manga series One Piece, an omake was drawn in which the Straw Hat Pirates, along with other prominent characters, are all tied into one large fiasco that ends with a party. It is called The Ed Sullivan Show only in name.
The hit Broadway musical Jersey Boys features a scene where Four Seasons band member Tommy DeVito imitates Sullivan introducing "Topo Gigio and the Vienna Boys Choir" before bringing Franki Valli on stage for the first time.
The Ramones used a segment of the Ed Sullivan shaking Buddy Holly's hand on the Ed Sullivan Show for their music video for "Do You Remember Rock 'n' Roll Radio?"
On South Park, in the episode "Terrance and Phillip: Behind the Blow", black and white footage is shown of Terrance and Philip appearing on the show as children.
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Prime Time TV Schedule : 1967 Season". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original (TXT) on 2008-03-14. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "TV Guide Names Top 50 Shows". Cbsnews.com. 2009-02-11. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ Fretts, Bruce (2013-12-23). "TV Guide Magazine's 60 Best Series of All Time - Today's News: Our Take". TVGuide.com. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "History of the Ed Sullivan Show | Ed Sullivan Show". Edsullivan.com. 1964-02-09. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Ed Sullivan Theater | Ed Sullivan Show". Edsullivan.com. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Products Page | Ed Sullivan Show". Edsullivan.com. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Products Page | Ed Sullivan Show". Edsullivan.com. 1950-12-31. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
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Jump up ^ "Who Owns the Live Music of Days Gone By?". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-03-12.
Jump up ^ "SOFA Entertainment". edsullivan.com. Retrieved 2008-01-12.
Jump up ^ "Rolling Stones Really Big Ed Sullivan Shows". billboard.com. Retrieved 2011-09-07.
Jump up ^ "Motown Gold From The Ed Sullivan Show". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
Jump up ^ "Six Ed Sullivan Shows Starring The Rolling Stones". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
Jump up ^ "Elvis: The Ed Sullivan Shows". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
Jump up ^ "iTunes The Ed Sullivan Show". itunes.apple.com. Retrieved 2009-07-06.
Jump up ^ "Wayne and Shuster" The Canadian Encyclopedia. Charles Dougall, 02/07/2006
Jump up ^ "Products Page | Ed Sullivan Show". Edsullivan.com. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
^ Jump up to: a b Harris, Michael David (1968). Always on Sunday: Ed Sullivan, An Inside View. New York: Meredith Press. p. 116.
^ Jump up to: a b TV A-Go-Go: Rock on TV from American Bandstand to American Idol. Jake Austen. 2005. Chicago Review Press, Inc. ISBN 1-55652-572-9. page 16
^ Jump up to: a b c d Paul Mavis (Director) (2006). Elvis Presley – Ed Sullivan Shows (DVD). Image Entertainment.
^ Jump up to: a b "Official Press Release – Elvis Presley: The Ed Sullivan Shows". Elvis Australia. October 6, 2006. References DVD liner notes by Greil Marcus.
Jump up ^ Dundy, Elaine, Elvis and Gladys (University Press of Mississippi, 2004), p. 259.
Jump up ^ Altschuler, Glenn C. (2003). All Shook Up: How Rock 'n' Roll Changed America. Oxford University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-19-517749-7.
Jump up ^ Content Elvis Episodes Of 'The Ed Sullivan Show' DVD Box By: Elvis Australia – Aug 9, 2006 Source: EPE. Retrieved October 18, 2007
Jump up ^ Altschuler, p.91.
Jump up ^ See Marlo Lewis and Mina Beth Lewis, Prime Time (1979), p.146.
Jump up ^ Marcus, "Elvis Presley: The Ed Sullivan Shows".
Jump up ^ "Content Elvis Episodes Of 'The Ed Sullivan Show' DVD Box". Elvis.com.au. 2006-08-09. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ See Altschuler, Glenn C., All Shook Up: How Rock 'n' Roll Changed America (2003), p.91.
Jump up ^ See Susan Doll, Understanding Elvis: Southern Roots vs. Star Image (1998), p.82.
Jump up ^ Jerry Schilling, Me and a Guy Named Elvis: My Lifelong Friendship with Elvis Presley (2006), p.45.
Jump up ^ Tim Parrish, Walking Blues: Making Americans from Emerson to Elvis (2001), p.214.
Jump up ^ "Elvis Talks About His Career", on "Live in Las Vegas" (RCA), cited by Greil Marcus, "Real Life Rock Top 10", Salon.com, August 26, 2002.
Jump up ^ "Products Page | Ed Sullivan Show". Edsullivan.com. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ Spizer, Bruce. The Beatles Are Coming: The Birth Of Beatlemania In America. New Orleans, Louisiana: 498 Productions, 2003. ISBN 0-9662649-8-3 (paperback).
Jump up ^ Kooijman, Jaap (2002). "From Elegance to Extravaganza: The Supremes on The Ed Sullivan Show as a Presentation of Beauty". The Velvet Light Trap.
Jump up ^ "Products Page | Ed Sullivan Show". Edsullivan.com. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Negroes" was the commonly accepted reference to African Americans at the time.
Jump up ^ "JAMES BROWN "Please Please Please" on The Ed Sullivan Show". YouTube.com. October 30, 1966.
Jump up ^ "1956 Fats Domino - Blueberry Hill - Sullivan Show". YouTube.com.
Jump up ^ Rick Coleman, Blue Monday: Fats Domino and the Lost Dawn of Rock 'n' Roll (2007), p. 138.
Jump up ^ Rick Coleman, Blue Monday: Fats Domino and the Lost Dawn of Rock 'n' Roll (2007), p. 217, 218.
Jump up ^ "Sam Cooke-For Sentimental Reasons' The Ed Sullivan Show 12 01 1957". YouTube.com. Retrieved January 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top 5 Most Controversial Performances From The Ed Sullivan Show". EdSullivan.com. Retrieved January 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Products Page | Ed Sullivan Show". Edsullivan.com. 1961-03-19. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ Smith, Nathan (February 7, 2014). "10 Fun Facts About the Beatles' Ed Sullivan Debut". Houston Press. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
Jump up ^ "Big As All Outdoors" Time, 17 October 1955.
Jump up ^ "The Ed Sullivan Show (1948–1971) : Episode #19.20". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ See Jake Austen, TV A-Go-Go: Rock on TV from American Bandstand to American Idol (2005), p.15.
Jump up ^ Austen, p.15.
Jump up ^ "Ed Sullivan Biography". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Products Page | Ed Sullivan Show". Edsullivan.com. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "When the Doors Went on Sullivan". CNN. October 3, 2002. Retrieved 2009-05-22.
Jump up ^ "video Sly The Family Stone – Ed Sullivan Show (1968)". Kewego.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ Uslan, Michael and Bruce Solomon. Dick Clark's The First 25 Years of Rock and Roll. New York: Dell, 1981. p. 181
Jump up ^ "Products Page | Ed Sullivan Show". Edsullivan.com. Retrieved 2016-10-28.
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1950–1951". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
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Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1954–1955". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1955–1956". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1956–1957". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1957–1958". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1959–1960". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1960–1961". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1961–1962". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
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Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1963–1964". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1964–1965". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
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Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1966–1967". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ "TV Ratings: 1967–1968". ClassicTVHits.com. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
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Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ [2] YouTube – First (Late) Show – Part 1 of 9
Bibliography[edit]
Garner, Joe (2002). Stay Tuned: Television's Unforgettable Moments. Kansas City: Andrews McMeel Publishing, ISBN 0-7407-2693-5.
Kaplan, Fred (February 6, 2004). "Teen Spirit: What Was So Important About the Beatles' Appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show?". Slate Magazine.
Nachman, Gerald. Right Here on Our Stage Tonight!: Ed Sullivan's America. Berkeley, California: University of California Press; 2009. ISBN 978-0-520-25867-9 p. 331.
Ilson, Bernie. Sundays with Sullivan: How the Ed Sullivan Show brought Elvis, the Beatles and Culture to America. Lanham, Maryland: Taylor Trade Publishing, (2009). ISBN 978-1-58979-390-3 pp. 115–118 (entire chapter devoted to Marlo Lewis).
John Leonard; Claudia Falkenburg & Andrew Solt, eds.. A Really Big Show: A Visual History of the Ed Sullivan Show. New York: Sarah Lazin/Viking Studio Books; 1992. ISBN 978-0-670-84246-9.
James Maguire. Impresario: the life and times of Ed Sullivan. New York: Billboard Books; 2006. ISBN 978-0-8230-7962-9.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Ed Sullivan Show.
The Official Ed Sullivan Show Website
The Ed Sullivan Show's channel on YouTube
The Ed Sullivan Show at the Museum of Broadcast Communications
The Ed Sullivan Show on IMDb
The Ed Sullivan Show at AllMovie
Monica Lewis on the very first 1948 telecast
The Ed Sullivan Show at TV Guide
The Ed Sullivan Show at TV.com
Sofa Entertainment
Ed Sullivan: 40 Incredible Guests—a slideshow by Life magazine
[show]
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