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Paul Narita
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Paul Narita
Days of Our Lives character
Portrayed by
Christopher Sean
Duration
2014–
First appearance
November 7, 2014 (2014-11-07)
Created by
Gary Tomlin and Christopher Whitesell
Introduced by
Ken Corday, Lisa de Cazotte and Greg Meng
Classification
Present; regular
Profile
Other names
David Press
George Herman
Occupation
Private investigator
Model
Spokesmodel
Baseball player (retired)
Residence
Salem, Illinois
[show]Family
Father
John Black
Mother
Tori Narita
Stepmother
Marlena Evans (2014–)
Half-brothers
Brady Black
Half-sisters
Belle Brady
Grandparents
Hiro Narita
Maude Robicheaux
Timothy Robicheaux
Leopold Alamain (adoptive)
Philomena Alamain (adoptive)
Uncles
Lawrence Alamain (adoptive)
Nephews
Tate Black
Nieces
Claire Brady
First cousins
Nicholas Alamain (adoptive)
Paul Narita is a fictional character from the NBC Daytime soap opera, Days of Our Lives portrayed by Christopher Sean.
Paul was created under head writers Gary Tomlin and Christopher Whitesell and introduced in November 2014 as a famous baseball player getting surgery on his shoulder. Paul flirts with every woman he sees but is eventually revealed to be the closeted ex-boyfriend of Sonny Kiriakis (Freddie Smith), whom Paul considers to be the love of his life. Though the surgery proves successful, Paul is unable to pitch again and finds comfort in the arms of journalist Will Horton (Guy Wilson) -- who has convinced Paul to come out in a magazine article. In addition to maintaining his image, Paul is afraid to come out fearing his family would not accept him. The series then introduces Paul's mother, Tori (Hira Ambrosino) who supports him even though she is afraid of the public backlash. In April 2015, Paul is revealed to be the son of long running character, John Black (Drake Hogestyn).
The character of Paul was an immediate hit with fans and critics alike. Christopher Sean became a "breakout star" and Sean received critical acclaim for his portrayal. The romantic pairing of Paul and Sonny which became known as 'PaulSon' was an instant success with the audience and quickly became a big fan favorite, despite Paul coming in between the supercouple of Will and Sonny (WilSon). BuzzFeed said Paul as a gay Asian-American in daytime is a "groundbreaking" character.
Contents
[hide]
1 Storylines
2 Development
2.1 Casting and creation
2.2 Archetypes and characterization
2.3 Coming out and triangle
2.4 Paternity
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Storylines[edit]
Famous baseball player Paul Narita comes to Salem to undergo shoulder surgery as a patient of Daniel Jonas (Shawn Christian). Paul flirts heavily with hospital employees Abigail Deveraux (Kate Mansi), Theresa Donovan (Jen Lilley) and his physical therapist Jordan Ridgeway (Chrishell Stause). Paul checks into the hospital under an assumed name to hide his identity from the press.[1] The surgery proves successful and Paul starts physical therapy. During his recovery, Paul has a brief fling with Theresa and they even make plans to go on a date despite Paul being on bed rest. However, Paul is shocked when he runs into his ex-boyfriend Sonny Kiriakis (Freddie Smith). Though Paul still has feelings for Sonny, Paul is not ready to come out and Sonny urges him to move on. Paul has already agreed to an exclusive interview with SONIX magazine about his return to baseball with journalist Will Horton (Guy Wilson). Paul invites Will to his private hotel room for the duration of the interview process. After Christmas, Paul learns that while he will regain normal use of his arm, he can never pitch again and he vents his frustrations to Will. To make matters worse, Paul is a free agent and now has no shot at being picked up by another team. Will convinces Paul to use the article instead to tell the world about his career ending injury and be a lesson to other players. Paul reaches out to Sonny and reveals he is ready to come out so they can be together only for Sonny to reveal he is married. However, Sonny encourages Paul to go forward with coming out. Will is quite shocked when Paul flirts with him as they share a bottle of champagne on New Year's Eve.[2]
Thanks to Derrick (Spencer Neville), a flirtatious bellboy, Paul learns Sonny tried to visit him on New Year's Eve. Paul believes Sonny has changed his mind about being together and Sonny admits that he briefly considered asking Paul for a loan to help keep his club afloat. Paul knows they still have a connection but Sonny urges him to move on. Knowing Paul is holding back, Will wants to do a follow up interview. Taking his cue from the flirting, Will asks Paul if he is gay.[3] Paul responds by kissing Will and they sleep together on January 8, 2015.[4] Will immediately regrets their tryst and goes to shower when Sonny stops by to return Paul's first home-run baseball. Paul lets him keep the ball and tries to rush him out of the room as Will turns off the shower and Sonny realizes Paul was with someone. Paul believes he has ruined his chances with Sonny. Will then asks Paul to consider coming out in the exposé to be a role model to kids and athletes like him but Paul hesitates. Paul informs Sonny that his career is over and Sonny tries to comfort Paul then calls him out for still being afraid to go public about his sexuality. After much hesitation, Paul finally agrees to come out in the interview and he even opens to Will about the man he loved that proposed to him. Paul tells Will that he hasn't told his family about his plans to come out yet and Will urges him to make sure they hear it from him. Paul agrees but wants to wait until the article's publication is out of his control fearing his mother might talk him out of it. Later, Paul calls his mother Tori (Hira Ambrosino) and his grandfather Hiro (Yoshio Moriwaki) inform them that he is coming out. Tori admits that she was always aware of Paul's sexuality but thought it would be safer if he stayed in the closet. Paul and Tori are nervous about telling the very old and traditional Hiro and they're relieved when he also supports Paul.[5] Days before the article is published, Paul donates blood to the hospital. Paul is shocked to learn that Sonny was stabbed and Sonny's mother Adrienne (Judi Evans) thanks him because his donation saves her son. Paul later starts therapy sessions with Marlena Evans (Deidre Hall). Paul makes plans to leave town but he wants to see Sonny before he leaves. He presents the article and a furious Sonny reveals that Will is his husband and kicks him out of his hospital room. Though Paul is unaware of the connection, Will believes Paul told Sonny about the affair to break up his marriage. Paul tries to confide in Marlena, but she refers him to another doctor when she reveals that she is actually Will's grandmother. Paul is ready to leave town when John Black (Drake Hogestyn) asks him to participate in a charity benefit for underprivileged kids. Paul agrees to stay and Tori makes him promise to leave town immediately after the charity benefit. John witnesses a close moment between Paul and Sonny and orders him not to interfere in Will and Sonny's marriage. Paul and Will's affair is publicly exposed during Will and Sonny's anniversary celebration in the town square. John accuses Paul of seducing Will and then going after Sonny unaware of their history. Sonny later informs Paul that Tori is hiding the truth about his paternity and Paul confronts her at Sonny's club where he and John come to the realization that they are father and son. Paul goes back to San Francisco and John follows. His grandfather encourages Paul to build a relationship with John and Paul agrees. Paul is hesitant about returning to Salem not wanting to cause trouble for Sonny. However, Sonny's father Justin (Wally Kurth) endorses a relationship between Sonny and Paul as he believes Paul can make his son happy. Paul is very honest about his feelings for Sonny which upsets Will. Later, Will's grandmother Kate Roberts (Lauren Koslow) offers Paul a job as the spokesperson for a new men's fashion line for MAD World Cosmetics—on Justin's behalf. Paul agrees to walk away from the offer if Sonny is uncomfortable but Sonny encourages him to take the job. Paul continues to bond with John and his half-brother Brady (Eric Martsolf) who has recently welcomed his son, Tate. Paul tries to comfort Sonny when Will is murdered and feels guilty for contributing to the destruction of their marriage.
Paul lands another modeling gig when Kate, Theresa and Nicole Walker (Arianne Zucker) take over John's former fashion house, Basic Black and he ends up working opposite Gabi Hernandez (Camila Banus) -- Will's ex-girlfriend. Paul encourages John to search for his biological parents and helps obtain information from one of Paul's former classmates. Paul supports his father and meets his half-sister Belle (Martha Madison) when Brady is involved in a near fatal car accident and receives a heart transplant. In March 2016, Paul is kidnapped by the mysterious Yo Ling (Tobin Bell) who reveals himself to be John's presumed dead biological father—Tim Robicheaux. Yo Ling has brainwashed Paul in an attempt to force him to do his bidding but John rescues him with the help of Eduardo Hernandez (A Martinez). In May 2016, Paul is hospitalized with a severe fever and quarantined at the hospital where it is revealed that Yo Ling has injected Paul with a bio-toxin to cause havoc. Paul, Gabi, Arianna and several others are near death when the doctors produce a successful antidote. Paul later goes to work for John as a private investigator and in the summer of 2016, Paul is reunited with Sonny who has returned to town. In September 2016, Paul takes a bullet for John when his longtime foe Orpheus (George DelHoyo) crashes Brady and Theresa's wedding looking for revenge. Though he recovers, Paul is injured again when Orpheus and his accomplices detonate several bombs in town. Sonny revives Paul and gets him to the hospital.
In 2017 Paul gets engaged and attempts to marry Sonny. In October 2017 on Paul's and Sonny's and Abigail and Chad's wedding day, Ben Weston crashes and announced that Will was still alive. Though Chad and Abigail did get married, Sonny wanted to wait to see if actually Will is alive.
Development[edit]
Casting and creation[edit]
In February 2014, the series put out a casting call for an actor between the ages of 24 and 35 to play the role of Micah, who was initially supposed to be African American.[6] There was initial speculation that the series was looking to recast the role of Cameron Davis, a role previously played by Nathan Owens.[7] In September, the producers reissued the casting call for the same role looking for a fully Hispanic or partly Hispanic actor. The character would start out as a recurring role with the potential to become contract.[8] Shortly after, the casting notice was reissued for Hispanic or Asian actors to fill the role.[9] In October 2014, several reports surfaced that actor Christopher Sean had been cast in the role of baseball player Paul Narita and would debut on November 7, 2014. A former Mr. Asia USA, Sean was known for his appearances in the web series, The Lizzie Bennett Diaries, Hollywood Heights, The Mindy Project and Hawaii Five-O. Sean's previous experience in daytime included two episodes of The Bold and the Beautiful in 2010.[9][10][11]
Of the casting process, Christopher Sean said, "It's pretty crazy the way it worked out." He continued, "But in essence, they didn't know what they wanted, and luckily, I was chosen." Sean further explained "It was a really big casting call." According to casting director Marnie Saitta, "it came down to a group of Asian boys, a group of black boys, a group of white boys, and there was a large amount of all of them." They narrowed the search down to three actors, one from each race. The three actors did a network test opposite Freddie Smith who played Sonny. Even then, the producers were still not sure of what direction to go.[12] During his second callback, Sean was asked if he was comfortable with playing a gay character, which he was.[13] However, Sean was very unfamiliar with the genre and questioned if he was making the right choice by taking the role.[12] Sean's manager assured him the role would stir up controversy as a gay professional athlete in the closet.[13] Sean quickly realized what the role could do for him as an actor. "This is bigger than me. If they actually do choose me, I'd be honored," he said. However, it was Sean's ability to speak Japanese that helped him book the role. At the request of the casting director, Sean sent in a video of himself speaking Japanese. Sean's agent then informed him that he had been booked.[12]
Archetypes and characterization[edit]
Unlike most of the archetypal portrayals of Asian men on television of the time, Paul is not lacking in sex appeal. Ira Madison III from BuzzFeed said "Asian-American men on television have long been relegated to sidekick status" and the character of Paul goes against that trend. He is "meant to have sex appeal and his love life plays out on screen" Madison continued. Paul is the first character of his kind—a gay Asian-American male character in a lead role—in daytime. Madison also noted that "Paul didn't have to abandon his Japanese ancestry to have the spotlight" but Days instead "embraced it" by having Paul come out to his grandfather in Japanese. Christopher Sean likened his character's sex appeal to that of Steven Yeun's Glenn Rhee on The Walking Dead.[14] When Paul's connection to Sonny was revealed, "[Paul] became one of three prominent gay Asian characters on broadcast television," along with Oliver Hampton (Conrad Ricamora) on How to Get Away With Murder and Brad Cooper (Parry Shen) on General Hospital. However, the character of Paul is the only series regular.[5] Madison said Paul can easily be compared to the Oliver Hampton character, but the difference is that Paul's sex scenes actually drive story.[14]
The initial casting notice described the character as "charismatic confident and charming without even trying. Ladies want to date him and men want to be him. He gives off a very well rounded confident vibe but there is pain in his past that keeps him guarded."[6] The second casting described the character as "charming and honest, which makes women just melt at his feet. He's got plenty of courage, which creates a wild and thrilling aura."[8] The final casting notice called for a Hispanic or Asian actor with "fantastic looks and killer charm making him irresistible. He is masculine and charming but authentic so as not to come off as a 'playa' or slick."[9] Christopher Sean described Paul as being "aware of his emotions" and "intelligent."[13] Sean also described Paul as "extremely charismatic." Because of his success as an athlete, Paul is "accustomed to and enjoys the spotlight." Paul "loves to play with everyone." He's got some "real spunk" Sean said.[15] Paul is "all about being respectful and honorable."[16] However, Christopher Sean admitted that Paul can be so honest, that it raises suspicion among those around him.[17]
Coming out and triangle[edit]
Paul's experience
Paul has been portraying a straight male probably ever since he was a child. In the Asian culture, it’s all about family and respect and honor. Sure, gay sports figures are slowly starting to come out and that will become more and more commonplace in our world, but fear is fear. Paul’s afraid of what will happen if he says, “This is who I am.” That kind of emotional vulnerability can scare the heck out of anybody — gay or straight. We’re going to find out whether he does or doesn't overcome that. So stay tuned!
“
”
Michael Logan, Soap Opera Digest[4]
While there was initial speculation that Paul would be a love interest for Theresa Donovan (Jen Lilley), it was quickly revealed that Paul was the closeted ex-boyfriend of Sonny Kiriakis (Smith). When it comes to Sonny, "His intentions are as honorable as he possibly can make them" said Sean. Paul is questioning whether he can actually have a future with Sonny, considering the past they have shared.[13] During an interview, Paul discusses a "lost love" with journalist Will Horton (Wilson). At the same time, Paul is very cautious about who he allows into his inner circle despite advances from bellboy Derek (Spencer Neville) and he still has lingering feelings for Sonny. Paul wants to keep a low profile fearing his sexuality could not only cost him his career, but also cause a rift in his family.[18] In an interview with Daytime Royal Online, Christopher Sean explained that sexual orientation was "taboo" in the Japanese culture. Though they were supportive, Sean revealed he had to have his own "coming out" of sorts when he told his family about the role.[19] It was even more nerve-racking for the actor because of his dad who is in the military where the subject is very much "taboo."[12]
In an interview with Michael Logan for Soap Opera Digest, Christopher Sean said he was shocked when he learned from co-executive producer Lisa de Cazotte that Paul's relationship with Will would become sexual.[4] He was worried about how fans would react to Paul causing trouble for such a popular couple like Will and Sonny.[19] Meanwhile, Sean himself immediately questioned Paul's motives in sleeping with Will. However, "Paul is not the villain in this triangle," he said. "The only thing Paul is guilty of is wanting a human connection," Sean continued. "He wants love" the actor declared. When Paul loses his ability to play baseball, he reaches out to Sonny—who rejects him because he is married—and then he reaches out to Will. When Paul and Will's affair occurs on January 8, 2015, not only does Paul not know Will is married, he is also unaware that Will is married Paul's "only love" Sonny. Sean described the scenes as "pretty hectic" and "very sexual." He continued, "There's lovemaking and then there's sex -- and Paul and Will are having the latter."[3][4]
By revealing that he is gay, Paul accomplishes his intended goal of being a "role model."[16] After their tryst, Paul develops a "mutual respect" for Will because Will helps him with coming out.[19] Paul develops a certain "admiration" for Will. When it comes to Paul's feelings for Will, Sean explained "it's one of those things, as an adult, you experience somebody, and you know whether or not it works."[12] Despite their history, Paul and Will make the choice to "move forward and be professional."[16] At the same time, Paul still longs for a future with Sonny, but Sean admitted they'd have to work through their differences once the about the affair comes out.[19] But Paul has "true love" for Sonny. As far as Paul is concerned, "Sonny is his other half."[12] When the article comes out and Paul, Sonny and Will finally connect the dots, it gets "rocky." Though Paul is all about "honor," with Will and Sonny at odds, Paul has a little bit of hope for a future with Sonny.[16]
Paternity[edit]
Shortly before Christopher Sean's debut as Paul, Serial Scoop also reported that the series was looking to cast the role of Paul's mother, Tori Narita.[9] In January 2015, it was announced that Hira Ambrosino had been cast in the role of Tori Narita.[20] With Tori's arrival comes speculation about Paul's paternity. While Sean refused to confirm or deny the rumors, he looked forward to potentially working with the veterans of the cast.[19] In an interview with TheBacklot.com, Christopher Sean said "there's going to be quite the plot point introduced with [Tori] coming."[16] While Sean was aware of the coming paternity storyline and its outcome due to the show taping episodes six months ahead, Sean wanted to maintain "tunnel vision" to "focus on what Paul knows only."[12] Tori immediately encourages Paul to leave Salem, but he refuses. Paul loves and respects his mother, but he has to live his life. However, Paul has no clue that his father actually in Salem.[17] During an interview with TV Insider released in April 2015, Drake Hogestyn officially confirmed that John and Paul were indeed father and son conceived during John and Tori's brief affair years earlier. John would become a priest sometime after the affair which is why Tori keeps quiet.[21] With the revelation of his paternity, Paul finally gets the chance to "fill that void" left by him growing up without a father. Paul develops a new sense of self-respect as well as well as a respect for his father.[22]
Reception[edit]
The character and the actor received critical acclaim and became quite popular with fans and Sean was considered a "break out" star.[23] Soap Central said "Christopher Sean (Paul Narita) is all the buzz in every sense of the word."[12] Despite his past with Sonny, Jamey Giddens encouraged Paul and Will's potential romance and said "it would be 50 shades of fun."[2] Christopher Sean revealed that he had gotten very "positive" feedback from fans on social media.[19] While some had a negative reactions due to Paul sleeping with a married man, most reactions were positive and "pro-Paul." Fans deemed Paul and Sonny as "PaulSon."[24] Sean received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Paul during the scenes in which he comes out to his mother and grandfather. Christopher Sean was listed as the "Performer of the Week" by Soap Opera Digest for his performance which take place over the phone. The magazine said "With nothing to rely on but his expressions, vocal inflections and body movements, he provided viewers with a one-way ticket into Paul's psyche. Score one for the rookie.[25] On Twitter, some fans told the actor that Paul gave them the courage to come out to their own families.[17] Ira Madison III from BuzzFeed responded with the following headline: "A Groundbreaking Coming-Out Story Was Told Entirely In Japanese On “Days Of Our Lives.”[5] The triangle between Sonny, Paul and Will also brought the soap its 4th consecutive GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Daily Drama in 2015.[26] On-Air On-Soaps listed the character the "Best New Character, Male" for the year 2014 and said "Thank God for Paul, right? Will and Sonny needed shaking up and this closeted pro baseball player is the guy to do it."[27] Fans were very "excited" to the idea of Paul being John's son.[22]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Austin, Amanda (November 7, 2014). "Days of Our Lives Spoilers: Christopher Sean Debuts As New Character Paul, Love Interest For Theresa Donovan?". Celeb Dirty Laundry. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Giddens, Jamey (December 31, 2014). "Which One of Salem’s Gay Husbands Will Offer to Catch Paul’s Fly Balls on Days of Our Lives?". Daytime Confidential. Zap2it. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Days's Will to Paul: "Are You Gay?". Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. 40 (2): 7. January 12, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Logan, Michael (January 8, 2015). "EXCLUSIVE: DAYS’S WILL AND PAUL HAVE SEX – AND THE STARS DISH!". Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Madison, Ira (February 5, 2015). "A Groundbreaking Coming-Out Story Was Told Entirely In Japanese On "Days Of Our Lives"". BuzzFeed. BuzzFeed Inc. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "DAYS CASTING NEW ROLE". Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. February 25, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fairman, Michael (February 25, 2014). "DAYS Casting Role Of "Micah"! Would You Suggest To Play Him?". On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Bowe, Jillian (September 11, 2014). "Days of Our Lives Puts Out Casting Call For a Hispanic Male". Daytime Confidential. Zap2it. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Christopher Sean Joins 'Days of our Lives' as Baseball Player Paul Narita on November 7". Serial Scoop. October 6, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Errol (October 31, 2014). "Christopher Sean Joins 'DAYS' Cast". Soap Opera Network. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Comings and Goings". Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. 39 (45): 11. November 10, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Clifford, Kambra (February 20, 2015). "DAYS' Christopher Sean speculates on PaulSon's future and which major character could be Paul's dad". Soap Central. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Fairman, Michael (December 1, 2014). "DAYS Christopher Sean Talks Paul/Sonny Lip-Lock, Playing Gay, And The Drama Ahead!". On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Madison, Ira (March 27, 2015). "The Actor Who Is Changing How We See Asian Men On Television". BuzzFeed. BuzzFeed Inc. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Larson, Kelli M; Moro Parkerton, Michelle (January 26, 2015). "The Rookie". Bonus Section. CBS Soaps In Depth. Bauer Media Group. 19 (4): 82–85.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Halterman, Jim (February 19, 2015). "Christopher Sean Previews What’s Next On "Days" and Keeping That Six-Pack". TheBacklot.com. p. 1. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Fairman, Michael (March 13, 2015). "DAYS Christopher Sean & Hira Ambrosino Talk Narita Family Secrets, PaulSon, Coming Out Scenes & More!". On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Halterman, Jim (December 23, 2014). "Catching Up with "Days of Our Lives" Actor Christopher Sean". TheBacklot.com. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Christopher Sean Interview". Daytime Royalty Online. February 10, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Michael (January 11, 2015). "Hira Ambrosino Joins 'Days of our Lives' as Tori Narita, Mother of Baseball Player Paul Narita". Serial Scoop. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Logan, Michael (March 30, 2015). "Exclusive: Drake Hogestyn Previews His Days of Our Lives Bombshell". TV Insider. TVGM Holdings, LLC. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Waldron, Robert (June 22, 2015). "Family Expansion". Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. 40 (25): 38–41; 66–67.
Jump up ^ Giddens, Jamey (January 13, 2015). "DAYS' Christopher Sean on Booty-Prowling Paul: "He Has Animalistic Urges"". Daytime Confidential. Confidential Media, Inc. (in partnership with SAY Media). Retrieved March 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Halterman, Jim (February 19, 2015). "Christopher Sean Previews What’s Next On "Days" and Keeping That Six-Pack". TheBacklot.com. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Christopher Sean (Paul, Days)". Performer of the Week. Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. March 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kerr, Luke (March 24, 2015). "DAYS Wins Big at GLAAD Awards (PHOTOS)". Daytime Confidential. Zap2it. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fairman, Michael (December 30, 2014). "On-Air On-Soaps Names Best and Worst In Soaps 2014!". On-Air On-Soaps. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
External links[edit]
Horton, William (February 16, 2015). "THE FINAL OUT". SONIX. Retrieved March 13, 2015.
"Paul Narita". Who's Who in Salem. Soap Central. Retrieved March 14, 2015.
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text:
South Bronx
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the song, see South Bronx (song).
This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. Please discuss this issue on the article's talk page. (December 2016)
South Bronx in orange; the rest of the borough is in yellow. The actual boundaries of the South Bronx are undefined.
The Hub is the retail heart of the South Bronx.
The South Bronx is an area of the New York City borough of the Bronx. As the name implies, the area comprises neighborhoods in the southern part of the Bronx, such as Concourse, Mott Haven, Melrose, and Port Morris. Formerly a deteriorating, poverty-stricken area, the South Bronx is now known for its hip hop culture and graffiti.
Contents
[hide]
1 Boundaries
2 History
2.1 1950s: Demographic shift
2.2 1960s: Start of decay
2.3 1970s: "The Bronx is burning"
2.4 Revitalization and current concerns
3 Arts and culture
3.1 Birthplace of hip-hop
4 Education
5 Transportation
6 Notable natives
7 In popular culture
7.1 Movies
7.2 Music
7.3 Television
7.4 Literature
8 See also
9 References
9.1 Notes
9.2 Further reading
9.3 Pictorial works
10 External links
Boundaries[edit]
The geographic definitions of the South Bronx have evolved and are disputed but certainly include the neighborhoods of Mott Haven, Melrose and Port Morris. The neighborhoods of Belmont, Castle Hill, Crotona Park East, Highbridge, Hunts Point, Longwood, Morrisania and Soundview are sometimes considered part of the South Bronx.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
The South Bronx is part of New York's 15th Congressional District. The South Bronx is served by the NYPD's 40th,[8] 41st,[9] 42nd,[10] 44th,[11] and 48th[12] Precincts.
History[edit]
See also: Timeline of the Bronx
The South Bronx was originally called the Manor of Morrisania, and later Morrisania. It was the private domain of the powerful and aristocratic Morris family, which includes Lewis Morris, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and Gouverneur Morris, penman of the United States Constitution. The Morris memorial is at St. Ann's Church of Morrisania. Morris' descendants own land in the South Bronx to this day.
As the Morrises developed their landholdings, an influx of German and Irish immigrants populated the area. Later, the Bronx was considered the "Jewish Borough," and at its peak in 1930 was 49% Jewish.[13] Jews in the South Bronx numbered 364,000 or 57.1% of the total population in the area.[14] The term was first coined in the 1940s by a group of social workers who identified the Bronx's first pocket of poverty, in the Port Morris section, the southernmost section of the Bronx.
1950s: Demographic shift[edit]
After World War II, as white flight accelerated and migration of ethnic and racial minorities continued, the South Bronx went from being two-thirds non-Hispanic white in 1950 to being two-thirds black or Puerto Rican in 1960.[15] Originally denoting only Mott Haven and Melrose, the South Bronx extended up to the Cross Bronx Expressway by the 1960s, encompassing Hunts Point, Morrisania, and Highbridge.
1960s: Start of decay[edit]
Macombs Road in Morris Heights, circa 1964
The South Bronx is a place for working-class families. Its image as a poverty-ridden area developed in the latter part of the 20th century. There were several factors contributing to the decay of the South Bronx: white flight, landlord abandonment, economic changes, crime, demographics and also the construction of the Cross Bronx Expressway.[16]
The Cross Bronx Expressway, completed in 1963, was a part of Robert Moses’ urban renewal project for New York City. The expressway is now known to have been a factor in the extreme urban decay seen by the borough in the 1970s and 1980s. Cutting through the heart of the South Bronx, the highway displaced thousands of residents from their homes, as well as several local businesses. The neighborhood of East Tremont, in particular, was completely destroyed by the Expressway. Others have argued that the construction of such highways has not harmed communities.[16][17]
The already poor and working-class neighborhoods were further disadvantaged by the decreasing property value, in combination with increasing vacancy rates. Racially charged tension, during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s, further contributed to middle-class flight and the decline of many South Bronx neighborhoods. As a result of new policies demanding that, for racial balance in schools, children be bused into other districts, parents who worried about their children attending the demographically adjusted schools often relocated to the suburbs, where this was not a concern. Some neighborhoods were considered undesirable by homeowners in the late 1960s and the area's population began decreasing. In addition, post World War II, rent control policies have been proposed by one author as contributing to the decline, by giving building owners little motivation to keep up their properties.[17] New York City Mayor, John Lindsay (1966-1973), suggested that lack of education and high unemployment, limited the housing options for the remaining low income tenants and that this prompted the reduced upkeep by landlords.[18] In either case, while desirable housing options were scarce, vacancies further increased. In the late 1960s, by the time the city decided to consolidate welfare households in the South Bronx, its vacancy rate was already the highest of any place in the city.[19]
1970s: "The Bronx is burning"[edit]
Burned-out building, Charlotte Street
In the 1970s significant poverty reached as far north as Fordham Road. Around this time, the Bronx experienced some of its worst instances of urban decay, with the loss of 300,000 residents and the destruction of entire city blocks' worth of buildings. The media attention brought the South Bronx into common parlance nationwide.[20]
The phrase "The Bronx is burning," attributed to Howard Cosell during Game 2 of the 1977 World Series featuring the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Dodgers, refers to the arson epidemic caused by the total economic collapse of the South Bronx during the 1970s. During the game, as ABC switched to a generic helicopter shot of the exterior of Yankee Stadium, an uncontrolled fire could clearly be seen burning in the ravaged South Bronx surrounding the park, leading Cosell to intone, "There it is, ladies and gentlemen, the Bronx is burning."[21]
The early 1970s saw South Bronx property values continue to plummet to record lows. A progressively vicious cycle began where large numbers of tenements and multi-story, multi-family apartment buildings (left vacant by white flight) sat abandoned and unsaleable for long periods of time, which, coupled with a stagnant economy and an extremely high unemployment rate, produced a strong attraction for criminal elements such as street gangs, which were exploding in number and beginning to support themselves with large-scale drug dealing in the area. Abandoned property also attracted large numbers of squatters such as the indigent, drug addicts and the mentally ill, who further lowered the borough's quality of living.[20][22]
As the crisis deepened, the nearly bankrupt city government of Abraham Beame levied most of the blame on unreasonably high rents levied by white landlords, and began demanding they convert their rapidly emptying buildings into Section 8 housing, which paid a per capita stipend for low-income or indigent tenants from Federal HUD funds rather than from the cash-strapped city coffers. However the HUD rate was not based on the property's actual value and was set so low by the city it left little opportunity or incentive for honest landlords to maintain or improve their buildings while still making a profit. HUD regulations also made it virtually impossible to evict tenants engaging in destructive or illegal behavior. The result was a disastrous acceleration of both the speed and northward spread of the cycle of decay in the South Bronx, as formerly desirable and well-maintained middle-to-upper class apartments in midtown (most notably along the Grand Concourse) were progressively vacated by white flight and either abandoned altogether or converted into federally funded single room occupancy "welfare hotels" run by absentee slumlords to house predominantly single-parent Section 8 families and young, unemployed, recently immigrated Hispanic males.[20]
The massive citywide spending cuts also left the few remaining building inspectors and fire marshals unable to enforce living standards or punish code violations. This encouraged slumlords and absentee landlords to neglect and ignore their property and allowed for gangs to set up protected enclaves and lay claim to entire buildings, which then spread crime and fear of crime to nearby unaffected apartments in a domino effect. Police statistics show that as the crime wave moved north across the Bronx, the remaining white tenants in the South Bronx (mostly elderly Jews) were preferentially targeted for violent crime by the influx of young, minority criminals because they were seen as easy prey; this became so common that the street slang terms "crib job" (meaning how elderly residents were as helpless as infants) and "push in" (meaning what would now be called a home invasion robbery) were coined specifically in reference to them.[23]
Property owners who had waited too long to try to sell their buildings found that almost all of the property in the South Bronx had already been redlined by the banks and insurance companies. Unable to sell their property at any price and facing default on back property taxes and mortgages, landlords began to burn their buildings for their insurance value. A type of sophisticated white collar criminal known as a "fixer" sprung up during this period, specializing in a form of insurance fraud that began with buying out the property of redlined landlords at or below cost, then selling and reselling the buildings multiple times on paper between several different fictitious shell companies under the fixer's control, artificially driving up the value incrementally each time. Fraudulent "no questions asked" fire insurance policies would then be taken out on the overvalued buildings and the property stripped and burnt for the payoff. This scheme became so common that local gangs were hired by fixers for their expertise at the process of stripping buildings of wiring, plumbing, metal fixtures, and anything else of value and then effectively burning it down with gasoline. Many finishers became extremely rich buying properties from struggling landlords, artificially driving up the value, insuring them and then burning them; often the properties were still occupied by subsidized tenants or squatters at the time, who were given short or no warning before the building was burnt down and they were forced to move to another slum building, where the process would usually repeat itself. The rate of unsolved fatalities due to fire multiplied sevenfold in the South Bronx during the 1970s, with many residents reporting being burnt out of numerous apartment blocks one after the other.[24]
Local South Bronx residents themselves also burned down vacant properties in their own neighborhoods. Much of this was reportedly done by those who had already worked stripping and burning buildings for pay: the ashes of burned down properties could be sifted for salable scrap metal. Other fires were caused by unsafe electrical wiring, fires set indoors for heating, and random vandalism associated with the general crime situation. Flawed HUD and city policies also encouraged local South Bronx residents to burn down their own buildings. Under the regulations, Section 8 tenants who were burned out of their current housing were granted immediate priority status for another apartment, potentially in a better part of the city. After the establishment of the (then) state-of-the-art Co-op City, there was a spike in fires as tenants began burning down their Section 8 housing in an attempt to jump to the front of the 2–3 year long waiting list for the new units.[25] HUD regulations also authorized lump-sum aid payments of up to $1000 to those who could prove they had lost property due to a fire in their Section 8 housing; although these payments were supposed to be investigated for fraud by a HUD employee before being signed off on, very little investigation was done and some HUD employees and social services workers were accused of turning a blind eye to suspicious fires or even advising tenants on the best way to take advantage of the HUD policies. On multiple occasions, firefighters were reported to have shown up to tenement fires only to find all the residents at an address waiting calmly with their possessions already on the curb.[20]
By the time of Cosell's 1977 commentary, dozens of buildings were being burnt in the South Bronx every day, sometimes whole blocks at a time and usually far more than the fire department could keep up with, leaving the area perpetually blanketed in a pall of smoke. Firefighters from the period reported responding to as many as 7 fully involved structure fires in a single shift, too many to even bother returning to the station house between calls (Report from Engine Company 82). The local police precincts—already struggling and failing to contain the massive wave of drug and gang crime invading the Bronx—had long since stopped bothering to investigate the fires, as there were simply too many to track.[20] During this period, the NYPD's 41st Precinct Station House at 1086 Simpson Street became famously known as "Fort Apache, The Bronx" as it struggled to deal with the overwhelming surge of violent crime, which for the entirety of the 1970s and 1980s made South Bronx the murder, rape, robbery, aggravated assault and arson capital of America. By 1980, the 41st was renamed "The Little House on the Prairie",[20] as fully 2⁄3 of the 94,000 residents originally served by the precinct had fled, leaving the fortified station house as one of the few structures in the neighborhood (and the sole building on Simpson Street) that had not been abandoned or burnt out.[26]
President Jimmy Carter in the South Bronx, 1977.
In total, over 40% of the South Bronx was burned or abandoned between 1970 and 1980, with 44 census tracts losing more than 50% and seven more than 97% of their buildings to arson, abandonment, or both.[27] The appearance was frequently compared to that of a bombed-out and evacuated European city following World War II.[19] On October 5, 1977, U.S. President Jimmy Carter paid an unscheduled visit to Charlotte Street, while in New York City for a conference at the headquarters of the United Nations. Charlotte Street at the time was a three-block devastated area of vacant lots and burned-out and abandoned buildings. The street had been so ravaged that part of it had been taken off official city maps in 1974. Carter instructed Patricia Roberts Harris, head of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, to take steps to salvage the area.[28] Progress did not come quickly; three years later, in 1980, presidential candidate Ronald Reagan paid a visit to Charlotte Street, declaring that he had not "seen anything that looked like this since London after the Blitz".[20]
The 1987 novel The Bonfire of the Vanities, by the American writer Tom Wolfe, presented the South Bronx as a nightmare world, not to be entered by middle or upper-class whites.
Revitalization and current concerns[edit]
Ranch-style houses on the formerly devastated Charlotte Street, Crotona Park East
Beginning in the late 1980s, parts of the South Bronx started to experience urban renewal with rehabilitated and brand new residential structures, including both subsidized multifamily town homes and apartment buildings.[29] The Bright Temple A.M.E. Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.[30] Over 1 billion US dollars were spent on rebuilding the area through the 1990s, with 19,000 apartments having been refurbished and more than 4,500 new houses having been built for the working class. More than fifty abandoned apartment buildings on the Major Deegan Expressway and the Cross Bronx Expressway were renovated for residential use. Over 26,500 people moved into the area.[20] On Charlotte Street, prefabricated ranch-style houses were built in the area in 1985,[31] and the area had changed so significantly that the Bronx borough historian could not locate where Carter had stopped to survey the scene. As of 2004, houses on the street were worth up to a million dollars.[28]
Art deco apartment buildings on the Grand Concourse, where a historic district is under consideration
The Bronx County Courthouse has secured Landmark status, and efforts are underway to do the same for much of the Grand Concourse, in recognition of the area’s Art Deco architecture. In June 2010, the city Landmarks Preservation Commission gave consideration to establishment of a historic district on the Grand Concourse from 153rd to 167th Street. A final decision was expected in the coming months.[32]
Construction of the new Yankee Stadium has stirred controversy over plans which, along with the new billion-dollar field, include new athletic fields, tennis courts, bicycle and walking paths, stores, restaurants, and a new Metro-North Railroad station at East 153rd Street. The station, during baseball season, helps ease overcrowding on the subway.[33]
There is hope that these developments also will help to generate residential construction. However, the new park comes at a price: a total of 22 acres (89,000 m2) in Macombs Dam and John Mullaly Parks were sacrificed to build it. In April 2012, Heritage Field, a 50.8 million dollar ballpark, was built atop the grounds of the original Yankee Stadium.[34][35][36]
The population of the South Bronx is currently increasing.[37][38] However, one out of two residents lives in poverty, and drug trafficking, gang activity, and prostitution are all still common throughout the South Bronx. Its precincts have recorded high violent crime rates and are all considered to be New York City Police Department "impact zones."[39]
Arts and culture[edit]
The Bronx's P.L.A.Y.E.R.S. Club Steppers performing at the 2007 Fort Greene Park Summer Literary Festival in Brooklyn[40][41]
Since the late 1970s the South Bronx has been home to a renewed grassroots art scene. The arts scene that sprouted at the Fashion Moda Gallery, founded by a Viennese artist, Stefan Eins, helped ignite the careers of artists like Keith Haring and Jenny Holzer, and 1980s break dancers like the Rock Steady Crew. It generated enough enthusiasm in the mainstream media for a short while to draw the art world's attention.[42] The Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance was located in the American Bank Note Company Building in the South Bronx neighborhood of Hunts Point before relocating to St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Westchester Square.[43]
Modern graffiti is prominent in the South Bronx, and is home to many of the fathers of graffiti art such as Tats Cru. The Bronx has a very strong graffiti scene despite the city's crackdown on illegal graffiti. However, graffiti in the Bronx began to occur in the early 1970s and managed to travel to different boroughs via the New York City subway system. The rise of hip-hop music, rap, breakdancing, and disc jockeying helped put the South Bronx on the musical map in the late 1970s. The South Bronx is also known worldwide as the birthplace of hip-hop culture.[44][45][46][47][48][49][50] In addition, the Bronx Museum of the Arts is located on the Grand Concourse.
Birthplace of hip-hop[edit]
1520 Sedgwick Avenue, Recognized as a long-time "haven for working-class families," in 2010 the New York Times reported that it is the "accepted birthplace of hip hop."[51]
Hip hop is a broad conglomerate of artistic forms that originated as a specific street subculture within South Bronx communities during the 1970s in New York City.[46][47][48][49][50][52] Hip hop as music and culture formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City, particularly among African American and Latin Americans residing in the Bronx.[53] Block parties incorporated DJs who played popular genres of music, especially funk and soul music. For example, many DJs played music by the artist James Brown. Some songs played at these South Bronx house parties included "Give it Up or Turn it Loose" by James Brown and "Get Ready" by Rare Earth.[45] Due to the positive reception, DJs began isolating the percussive breaks, or small portions of a song, often without vocals, which were easy to dance to, of popular songs. DJ Kool Herc is known for generating the technique to produce these percussive breaks, which is known as merry-go-rounding. Merry-go-rounding when DJs would "use the two turntables in a typical DJ setup not as a way to make a smooth transition between two records, but as a way to switch back and forth repeatedly between two copies of the same record."[54] The technique of percussive breaks was then common in Jamaican dub music,[55] and was largely introduced into New York by immigrants from Jamaica and elsewhere in the Caribbean, including DJ Kool Herc, who is generally considered the father of hip hop. Upon this, a technique known as Jamaican toasting, or the act of speaking over a beat which later became rapping, was introduced by DJ Kool Herc in the South Bronx at this point of time as well.[56]
1520 Sedgwick Avenue is a 102-unit[57] apartment building in the Morris Heights neighborhood in The Bronx borough of New York City. Recognized as a long-time "haven for working-class families," in 2010 the New York Times reported that it is the "accepted birthplace of hip hop."[51] As hip hop grew from throughout the Bronx, 1520 was a starting point where Clive Campbell, later known as DJ Kool Herc, presided over parties in the community room at a pivotal point in the genre's history.[58][59] DJ Kool Herc is credited with helping to start hip hop and rap music at a house concert at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue on August 11, 1973.[60] At the concert he was DJing and emceeing in the recreation room of 1520 Sedgwick Avenue.[61] Sources have noted that while 1520 Sedgwick Avenue was not the actual birthplace of hip hop—the genre developed slowly in several places in the 1970s—it was verified to be the place where one of the pivotal and formative events occurred that spurred hip hop culture forward.[62] During a rally to save the building, DJ Kool Herc said, "1520 Sedgwick is the Bethlehem of Hip-Hop culture."[63]
Many in dwelling in the South Bronx during the early 1970s lived in poverty or were part of gangs, such as Afrika Bambaataa, a former member of the street gang, The Black Spaces and now deemed as the god-father of hip-hop.[64] As an effort to end the street violence within the South Bronx, Bambaataa created the Zulu Nation, which is a group founded on the concepts of "Peace, Love, Unity, Having Fun" instead of partaking in gang violence and unlawful activity. Jeff Chang quotes Bambaataa in his text Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation in a section where Chang is discussing why the Zulu Nation formed. The quote by Bambaataa on page 105 of the text states "we had to come up with something to get the order back."[45] As seen within the film The Hip Hop Years: Part 1, hip-hop aided in keeping violence from forming on the streets of the South Bronx and eased tensions with the police within the area. People were creating art, such as hip-hop music as well as dances at the block parties within the South Bronx, so the police did not have issues with it.[64]
Not only was music a major component of hip-hop culture being formulated within the South Bronx during the 1970s, a breaking or B-boying, was being generated as well. After DJ Kool Herc and other DJs kept utilizing the break beat within their music, an abundance of people who were dancing normally, eventually hit the floor and began what is known as breakdancing. According to the documentary, The Freshest Kids: The History of the B-Boy, break dancing occurred "spontaneously" and consisted of more "sporadic" dance moves.[65] Additionally, a Zulu king and hip-hop historian stated that the dance consisted of "bouncing around, pivoting, turning, twists frontsweeps...".[45] Many who participated in this form of dance were members of crews, such as the Rock Steady Crew, the New York City Breakers and the Magnificent Force.
On July 5, 2007, 1520 Sedgwick Avenue was recognized by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation as the "Birthplace of Hip-Hop."[66][67]
Education[edit]
South Bronx Campus, home of Village Prep School at 701 St Ann's Avenue
Lorelei Fountain in Joyce Kilmer Park overlooking Yankee Stadium
The New York City Department of Education operates district public schools. Community School Districts 7, 8, 9, and 12 are located in the South Bronx.[68] Among the public schools are charter schools. Success Academies Bronx 1 and 2 and, opening in 2013, 3 are part of Success Academy Charter Schools. An elementary charter school, Academic Leadership Charter School, opened on 141st Street and Cypress Avenue. Area private schools include Cardinal Hayes High School, located at 650 Grand Concourse and All Hallows High School, located at 111 East 164th Street.[69] Among the institutions of higher education, Hostos Community College of the City University of New York is located in Grand Concourse and 149th Street, ten blocks from Yankee Stadium.
The South Bronx is also home to both for-profit and nonprofit organizations that offer a range of professional training and other educational programs. East Side House Settlement has been in the Mott Haven neighborhood since 1963, serving families and children. Their mission is to use education as a means of economic empowerment. Per Scholas, for example, is a nonprofit organization that offers free professional certification training directed towards successfully passing CompTIA A+ and Network+ certification exams as a route to securing jobs and building careers. Per Scholas also works with a growing number of Title One South Bronx middle schools, their students, and their families to provide computer training and access.
Transportation[edit]
Major highways include the Major Deegan Expressway (I-87); Cross Bronx Expressway (I-95); Bruckner Expressway (I-278); Sheridan Expressway (I-895); Triborough Bridge; Grand Concourse. A variety of New York City Subway services run through the South Bronx. This includes the 6 and <6> trains on the IRT Pelham Line, 2 and 5 trains on the IRT White Plains Road Line, 4 train on the IRT Jerome Avenue Line, and B and D trains on the IND Concourse Line.
A South Bronx Greenway[70] currently connects the South Bronx over the Bronx Kill to Randalls Island on a bike and pedestrian pathway known as the Bronx Connector.
In 2000, 77.3% of all households in New York's 16th congressional district, covering the South Bronx, did not own automobiles. Citywide, the percentage is only 55%.[71]
Notable natives[edit]
Danny Aiello
Don DeLillo
Bobby Darrin
Afrika Bambaataa, resident of Soundview
Alex Ramos, professional boxer
Al Pacino, born in East Harlem, raised in the South Bronx
Aventura, Dominican-American bachata music group
Barry Wellman
Harold Bloom, writer, literary critic, lived in the South Bronx
Bernard McGuirk, grew up in the South Bronx
Jordan Bratman, music marketer; born in the South Bronx
Majora Carter, raised in Hunts Point, current resident of Hunts Point
Colin Powell, raised in Longwood[72]
Willie Colón, salsa musician
Willie Estrada, Author, Promoter, Music Agent
Cuban Link, rapper, born in Cuba, raised in Morrisania
Dolph Schayes
Drag-On, rapper, raised in Soundview
Fat Joe, rapper, raised in Morrisania
Grandmaster Flash, current resident of Morrisania
Harry Gibson
Hell Rell, rapper raised in Tremont
Jellybean Benitez, DJ raised in the South Bronx
Jennifer Lopez, raised in Castle Hill
DJ Kool Herc, DJ, raised in the West Bronx
KRS-One, rapper, originally from Brooklyn, raised in both Mott Haven and Soundview
T La Rock, rapper
Scott La Rock
Swizz Beatz
Ralph Lauren, fashion designer
French Montana, rapper, born in Morocco, raised in Tremont
Richard A. Muller, physicist
Wes Moore, author
Nine, rapper
Murray Perahia, concert pianist and conductor
Big Pun, rapper, born and raised in Soundview
Charles Nelson Reilly actor, comedian, director and drama teacher
Rebel Diaz, rap group
Ruben Diaz, Jr.
Remy Ma, rapper, raised in Castle Hill
Fr. Stan Fortuna, ordained as a priest in the Bronx in 1990.
Sonia Sotomayor, associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
Leonard Susskind, theoretical physicist
Tim Dog, rapper
Tom Leykis, radio personality
Tony Sunshine, R&B singer, raised in Soundview
Neil deGrasse Tyson, astrophysicist, physical cosmologist, science communicator/educator
Kemba Walker, NBA player, raised in Soundview
Kerry Washington, actress
Steven Weinberg, theoretical physicist
Canibus, rapper
In popular culture[edit]
Movies[edit]
Rumble in the Bronx, 1995
1990: The Bronx Warriors, 1982
Gloria, 1980
Willie Dynamite, 1974
Fort Apache, The Bronx, 1981
Wolfen, 1981
Wild Style, 1983
Beat Street, 1984
South Bronx Heroes, 1985
A Bronx Tale, 1993
Marty, 1955
Music[edit]
"South Bronx" by Boogie Down Productions
"Jenny from the Block" by Jennifer Lopez featuring Styles P & Jadakiss
Television[edit]
The Get Down, 2016- Netflix series
Literature[edit]
Dropsie Avenue (1995), by Will Eisner. Dropsie Avenue is the third story in the A Contract With God trilogy of graphic novels set in a fictional South Bronx neighborhood.
See also[edit]
New York City portal
80 Blocks From Tiffany's
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "IN BELMONT AREA OF SOUTH BRONX, FEAR AND CRIME ARE REMOTE CONCERNS". Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Your neighborhood guide to the Bronx's Castle Hill". Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Faces in the Rubble". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "High Bridge Reopens the Bronx to Pedestrian Power". Nymag.com. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Hunt's Point: How South Bronx's most-improved neighborhood stays that way". Nydailynews.com. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Longwood Historic District". Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "City Adds About 600 New Pre-K Seats in South Bronx, City Educators Say". Archived from the original on 21 August 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ 40th Precinct, NYPD.
Jump up ^ 41st Precinct, NYPD.
Jump up ^ 42nd Precinct, NYPD.
Jump up ^ 44th Precinct, NYPD.
Jump up ^ 48th Precinct, NYPD.
Jump up ^ "Bronxcountyclerksoffice.com". Bronxcountyclerksoffice.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bronx Synagogues - Historical Survey". Bronxsynagogues.org. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Tarver, Denton (April 2007). "The New Bronx; A Quick History of the Iconic Borough". The Cooperator. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
^ Jump up to: a b Caro, Robert A. (1974). The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the fall of New York. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-48076-7. , p. 893-894
^ Jump up to: a b "Cross Bronx Expressway (I-95, I-295 and US 1)". Nycroads.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "YouTube". Youtube.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "The South Bronx: From Urban Planning Victim to Victor". Retrieved 10 October 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Left to Die, the South Bronx Rises From Decades of Decay - NYTimes.com". query.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
Jump up ^ Grimes, William (March 30, 2005). "A City Gripped by Crisis and Enraptured by the Yankees". New York Times.
Jump up ^ "South Bronx - The Post War Years". Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Rooney, Jim (1995). Organizing the South Bronx. SUNY Press. p. 58. ISBN 0-7914-2210-0.
Jump up ^ "Why the Bronx burned". New York Post. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Rooney, Jim (1995). Organizing the South Bronx. SUNY Press. p. 57. ISBN 0-7914-2210-0.
Jump up ^ Fisher, Ian (1993-06-23). "Pulling Out of Fort Apache, the Bronx; New 41st Precinct Station House Leaves Behind Symbol of Community's Past Troubles". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
Jump up ^ Flood, Joe (16 May 2010). "Why the Bronx burned". The New York Post. Retrieved 21 November 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Fernandez, Manny (5 October 2007). "In the Bronx, Blight Gave Way to Renewal". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
Jump up ^ Wynn, Terry (2005-01-17). "South Bronx rises out of the ashes". NBC News. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
Jump up ^ National Park Service (2009-03-13). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
Jump up ^ "Urban Mythologies: The Bronx Represented since the 1960s". Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Dolnick, Sam (22 June 2010). "As Concourse Regains Luster, City Notices". The New York Times. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ "NYCEDC has helped to create additional green space and new jobs while spurring private investment to support the new Yankee Stadium". Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "A Public Park to Rival the Yankees' Playground". Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bronx leaders urge hotel next to Yankee Stadium". NY Daily News. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Affordable Apartments For Those Who Want To Enjoy Their Life -" (PDF). Affordable Apartments For Those Who Want To Enjoy Their Life. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "SOUTH BRONX RESURRECTION 27 May 2004" (PDF). Rentalcartours.net. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Bob Henderson (2015-06-06). "A Night On Patrol With the NYPD". Newsweek. Retrieved 2015-10-11.
Jump up ^ "2007 Fort Greene Park Summer Literary Festival". 29 July 2007. Archived from the original on 29 July 2007. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "FGP Lit Fest 2007". Flickr.com. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Siegal, Nina (2000-12-27). "Hope Is Artists' Medium In a Bronx Neighborhood; Dancers, Painters and Sculptors Head to Hunts Point". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-01-17.
Jump up ^ "Home". BAAD! Bronx Academy of Arts and Dance. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Rosen, Jody (2006-02-12). "A Rolling Shout-Out to Hip-Hop History". The New York Times. p. 32. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Chang, Jeff; DJ Kool Herc (2005). Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-30143-X.
^ Jump up to: a b Castillo-Garstow, Melissa (1 March 2005). "Latinos in Hip Hop to Reggaeton". Latin Beat Magazine. 15 (2): 24(4). |access-date= requires |url= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b Rojas, Sal (2007). "Estados Unidos Latin Lingo". Zona de Obras. Zaragoza, Spain (47): 68.
^ Jump up to: a b Allatson, Paul. Key Terms in Latino/a Cultural and Literary Studies. Malden, MA: John Wiley & Sons, 2007, 199.
^ Jump up to: a b Schloss, Joseph G. Foundation: B-boys, B-girls and Hip-Hop Culture in New York. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, 125.
^ Jump up to: a b From Mambo to Hip Hop. Dir. Henry Chalfant. Thirteen / WNET, 2006, film
^ Jump up to: a b Borgya, A. (September 3, 2010) "A Museum Quest Spins On and On", New York Times. Retrieved 9/4/10.
Jump up ^ Chang, Jeff; DJ Kool Herc (2005). Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-30143-X.
Jump up ^ Dyson, Michael Eric, 2007, Know What I Mean? : Reflections on Hip-Hop, Basic Civitas Books, p. 6.
Jump up ^ "Hip Hop is born at a birthday party in the Bronx - Aug 11, 1973 - HISTORY.com". HISTORY.com. Retrieved 2017-05-17.
Jump up ^ Stas Bekman: stas (at) stason.org. "What is "Dub" music anyway? (Reggae)". Stason.org. Retrieved 2010-01-12.
Jump up ^ Computerluv (2010-08-23), Jamaican DJ/Sound Boy/ Toasting/ Early 80s, retrieved 2017-05-17
Jump up ^ "Hip-hop landmark falls on hard times". Therealdeal.com. 19 January 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ David Gonzalez, "Will Gentrification Spoil the Birthplace of Hip-Hop?", The New York Times, May 21, 2007, retrieved on July 1, 2008
Jump up ^ Jennifer Lee, "Tenants Might Buy the Birthplace of Hip-Hop", The New York Times, January 15, 2008, retrieved on July 1, 2008
Jump up ^ Chang, Jeff. Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. St. Martin's Press, New York: 2005. ISBN 978-0-312-42579-1. pp. 68–72
Jump up ^ Tukufu Zuberi ("detective"), BIRTHPLACE OF HIP HOP, History Detectives, Season 6, Episode 11, New York City, found at PBS official website. Accessed February 24, 2009.
Jump up ^ Tukufu Zuberi ("detective"), Birthplace of Hip Hop, History Detectives, Season 6, Episode 11, New York City. PBS. Retrieved 9/3/10.
Jump up ^ (July 18, 2007) "1520 Sedgwick Avenue to be Recognized as Official Birthplace of Hip-Hop", Retrieved 9/3/10.
^ Jump up to: a b Firehouse SoundLabs (2011-01-06), The hip hop years part 1, retrieved 2017-05-17
Jump up ^ falkmanbeatz -break bboy / bgirl channel- (2014-01-08), The Freshest Kids: The History of the B-Boy (Full Documentary), retrieved 2017-05-17
Jump up ^ (July 23, 2007) "An Effort to Honor the Birthplace of Hip-Hop", New York Times. Retrieved 9/3/10.
Jump up ^ (July 23, 2007) "1520 Sedgwick Avenue Honored as a Hip-Hop Landmark Today" Archived 24 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine., XXL Magazine. Retrieved 9/3/10.
Jump up ^ To locate a school, see N.Y.C. Department of Education, Find a School (scroll down), as accessed Jun. 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "High School Information & Tuition | Build Bold Futures". buildboldfutures.org. Retrieved 2016-01-26.
Jump up ^ NYC Economic Development Corp South Bronx Greenway
Jump up ^ "Fact Sheet, Rep. Jose E. Serrano" (PDF). Retrieved 9 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fox Street co-op draws middle income residents". Hunts Point Express. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Further reading[edit]
Kozol, Jonathan (1995); Amazing Grace; Crown Publishers.
Berman, Marshall; Berger, Brian, eds. (2007). New York Calling: From Blackout to Bloomberg. Reaktion Books.
Berman, Marshall (1988). All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity. Penguin.
Gonzalez, Evelyn (2006). The Bronx (Columbia History of Urban Life). Columbia University Press.
Jensen, Robert, ed. (1979). Devastation/resurrection: the South Bronx. New York: Bronx Museum of the Arts.
Jonnes, Jill (2002). South Bronx Rising: The Rise, Fall, and Resurrection of an American City. Fordham University Press.
Office of the Borough President (Bronx, New York City) (1990). Strategic policy statement. New York: Office of the Bronx Borough President.
Twomey, Bill (2007). The Bronx, in bits and pieces. Bloomington, IN: Rooftop Publishing.
Pictorial works[edit]
Kahane, Lisa (2008). Do Not Give Way To Evil: Photographs of the South Bronx, 1979-1987 (Miss Rosen ed.).
Twomey, Bill (2002). South Bronx. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. (Pictorial work on historical social life and customs in the South Bronx)
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to South Bronx.
Walking tour of the Grand Concourse Boulevard-Cross Bronx Expy area
[hide]
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Neighborhoods in the New York City borough of the Bronx
Allerton
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Bronx Park East
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Community boards: 1
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See also
History of the Bronx
Timeline of the Bronx
Coordinates: 40°48′58″N 73°55′02″W / 40.81621°N 73.91735°W / 40.81621; -73.91735
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Bronx&oldid=826683281"
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