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Sublimation (phase transition)
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Dark green crystals of nickelocene, sublimed from the round-bottom flask and freshly deposited on a cold finger
Sublimation is the phase transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.[1] Sublimation is an endothermic process that occurs at temperatures and pressures below a substance's triple point in its phase diagram. The reverse process of sublimation is deposition or desublimation, in which a substance passes directly from a gas to a solid phase.[2] Sublimation has also been used as a generic term to describe a solid-to-gas transition (sublimation) followed by a gas-to-solid transition (deposition).[3]
At normal pressures, most chemical compounds and elements possess three different states at different temperatures. In these cases, the transition from the solid to the gaseous state requires an intermediate liquid state. The pressure referred to is the partial pressure of the substance, not the total (e.g. atmospheric) pressure of the entire system. So, all solids that possess an appreciable vapour pressure at a certain temperature usually can sublime in air (e.g. water ice just below 0 °C). For some substances, such as carbon and arsenic, sublimation is much easier than evaporation from the melt, because the pressure of their triple point is very high, and it is difficult to obtain them as liquids.
The term sublimation refers to a physical change of state and is not used to describe the transformation of a solid to a gas in a chemical reaction. For example, the dissociation on heating of solid ammonium chloride into hydrogen chloride and ammonia is not sublimation but a chemical reaction. Similarly the combustion of candles, containing paraffin wax, to carbon dioxide and water vapor is not sublimation but a chemical reaction with oxygen.
Sublimation requires additional energy and is an endothermic change. The enthalpy of sublimation (also called heat of sublimation) can be calculated by adding the enthalpy of fusion and the enthalpy of vaporization.
Contents
[hide]
1 Examples
1.1 Carbon dioxide
1.2 Water
1.3 Naphthalene
1.4 Other substances
2 Purification by sublimation
3 Historical usage
4 Sublimation predictions
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Examples[edit]
Comparison of phase diagrams of carbon dioxide (red) and water (blue) showing the carbon dioxide sublimation point (middle-left) at 1 atmosphere. As dry ice is heated, it crosses this point along the bold horizontal line from the solid phase directly into the gaseous phase. Water, on the other hand, passes through a liquid phase at 1 atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide[edit]
Small pellets of dry ice subliming in air
Solid carbon dioxide (dry ice) sublimes everywhere along the line below the triple point (e.g., at the temperature of −78.5 °C (194.65 K, −104.2 °F) at atmospheric pressure, whereas its melting into liquid CO2 can occur only along the line at pressures and temperatures above the triple point (i.e., 5.2 atm, −56.4 °C).
Water[edit]
Snow and ice sublime, although more slowly, at temperatures below the freezing/melting point temperature line at 0 °C for most pressures; see line below triple point.[4] In freeze-drying, the material to be dehydrated is frozen and its water is allowed to sublime under reduced pressure or vacuum. The loss of snow from a snowfield during a cold spell is often caused by sunshine acting directly on the upper layers of the snow. Ablation is a process that includes sublimation and erosive wear of glacier ice.
Naphthalene[edit]
Naphthalene, an organic compound commonly found in pesticide such as mothball also sublimes. It sublimes easily because it is made of non-polar molecules that are held together only by van der Waals intermolecular forces. Naphthalene is a solid that sublimes at standard atmospheric temperature[5] with the sublimation point at around 80˚C or 176˚F.[6] At low temperature, its vapour pressure is high enough, 1 mmHg at 53˚C,[7] to make the solid form of naphthalene evaporate into gas. On the cool surface, the sublimated vapour will be solidified to form a needle-like crystal.
Experimental set up for the sublimation reaction of naphthalene Solid naphthalene sublimes and form the crystal-like structure at the bottom of the watch glass
Solid compound of naphthalene sublimed to form a crystal-like structure on the cool surface.
Other substances[edit]
Camphor subliming in a cold finger. The crude product in the bottom is dark brown; the white purified product on the bottom of the cold finger above is hard to see against the light background.
Iodine produces fumes on gentle heating. It is possible to obtain liquid iodine at atmospheric pressure by controlling the temperature at just above the melting point of iodine. In forensic science, iodine vapor can reveal latent fingerprints on paper.[8] Arsenic can also sublime at high temperatures.
Purification by sublimation[edit]
Crystals of ferrocene after purification by vacuum sublimation
Sublimation is a technique used by chemists to purify compounds. A solid is typically placed in a sublimation apparatus and heated under vacuum. Under this reduced pressure, the solid volatilizes and condenses as a purified compound on a cooled surface (cold finger), leaving a non-volatile residue of impurities behind. Once heating ceases and the vacuum is removed, the purified compound may be collected from the cooling surface.[9][10] For even higher purification efficiencies a temperature gradient is applied, which also allows for the separation of different fractions. Typical setups use an evacuated glass tube that is gradually heated in a controlled manner. The material flow is from the hot end, where the initial material is placed, to the cold end that is connected to a pump stand. By controlling temperatures along the length of the tube the operator can control the zones of recondensation, with very volatile compounds being pumped out of the system completely (or caught by a separate cold trap), moderately volatile compounds recondensating along the tube according to their different volatilities, and non-volatile compounds remaining in the hot end. Vacuum sublimation of this type is also the method of choice for purification of organic compounds for the use in the organic electronics industry, where very high purities (often > 99.99%) are needed to satisfy the standards for consumer electronics and other applications.
Historical usage[edit]
In ancient alchemy, a protoscience that contributed to the development of modern chemistry and medicine, alchemists developed a structure of basic laboratory techniques, theory, terminology, and experimental methods. Sublimation was used to refer to the process in which a substance is heated to a vapor, then immediately collects as sediment on the upper portion and neck of the heating medium (typically a retort or alembic), but can also be used to describe other similar non-laboratory transitions. It is mentioned by alchemical authors such as Basil Valentine and George Ripley, and in the Rosarium philosophorum, as a process necessary for the completion of the magnum opus. Here, the word sublimation is used to describe an exchange of "bodies" and "spirits" similar to laboratory phase transition between solids and gases. Valentine, in his Triumphal Chariot of Antimony (published 1678) makes a comparison to spagyrics in which a vegetable sublimation can be used to separate the spirits in wine and beer.[11] Ripley uses language more indicative of the mystical implications of sublimation, indicating that the process has a double aspect in the spiritualization of the body and the corporalizing of the spirit.[12] He writes:[13]
And Sublimations we make for three causes,
The first cause is to make the body spiritual.
The second is that the spirit may be corporeal,
And become fixed with it and consubstantial.
The third cause is that from its filthy original.
It may be cleansed, and its saltiness sulphurious
May be diminished in it, which is infectious.
Sublimation predictions[edit]
The enthalpy of sublimation has commonly been predicted using the equipartition theorem. If the lattice energy is assumed to be approximately half the packing energy, then the following thermodynamic corrections can be applied to predict the enthalpy of sublimation. Assuming a 1 molar ideal gas gives a correction for the thermodynamic environment (pressure and volume) in which pV = RT, hence a correction of 1RT. Additional corrections for the vibrations, rotations and translation then need to be applied. From the equipartition theorem gaseous rotation and translation contribute 1.5RT each to the final state, therefore a +3RT correction. Crystalline vibrations and rotations contribute 3RT each to the initial state, hence −6RT. Summing the RT corrections ; −6RT + 3RT + RT = −2RT.[14] This leads to the following approximate sublimation enthalpy. A similar approximation can be found for the entropy term if rigid bodies are assumed.[15][16] Δ H sublimation = − U lattice energy − 2 R T {\displaystyle \Delta H_{\text{sublimation}}=-U_{\text{lattice energy}}-2RT}
See also[edit]
Ablation
Dye-sublimation printer, Freezer burn – common processes involving sublimation
Enthalpy of sublimation
Freeze-drying
Phase diagram
v
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Phase Transitions of Matter
To
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
From
Solid
Solid-solid transformation Melting Sublimation —
Liquid
Freezing — Boiling / evaporation —
Gas
Deposition Condensation — Ionization
Plasma
— — Recombination / deionization —
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sublimate Retrieved on 2015-11-25.
Jump up ^ Boreyko, Jonathan B.; Hansen, Ryan R.; Murphy, Kevin R.; Nath, Saurabh; Retterer, Scott T.; Collier, C. Patrick (2016). "Controlling condensation and frost growth with chemical micropatterns". Scientific Reports. 6. Bibcode:2016NatSR...619131B. doi:10.1038/srep19131.
Jump up ^ Sublime. Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved on 2015-11-25.
Jump up ^ Fassnacht, S. R. (2004). "Estimating Alter-shielded gauge snowfall undercatch, snowpack sublimation, and blowing snow transport at six sites in the coterminous USA" (PDF). Hydrol. Process. 18: 3481–3492. Bibcode:2004HyPr...18.3481F. doi:10.1002/hyp.5806. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Caroll, J. (2014). Natural Gas Hydrates. p. 16. ISBN 9780128005750.
Jump up ^ Staff writer(s) (2015). "what solid go through sublimation?". National Science Foundation and UCSB School-University partnership. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Pavia,, D. (2005). Introduction to organic laboratory technique. pp. 781–782. ISBN 0534408338.
Jump up ^ Girard, James (2011). Criminalistics: Forensic Science, Crime and Terrorism. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 143–144. ISBN 0-7637-7731-5.
Jump up ^ R. B. King Organometallic Syntheses. Volume 1 Transition-Metal Compounds; Academic Press: New York, 1965. ISBN 0-444-42607-8.
Jump up ^ Harwood, Laurence M.; Moody, Christopher J. (1989). Experimental organic chemistry: Principles and Practice (Illustrated ed.). WileyBlackwell. pp. 154–155. ISBN 0-632-02017-2.
Jump up ^ Barrett, Francis (1815). The lives of alchemystical philosophers: with a critical catalogue of books in occult chemistry, and a selection of the most celebrated treatises on the theory and practice of the hermetic art. Macdonald and Son for Lackington, Allen, & Co. p. 233.
Jump up ^ DiBernard, Barbara (1980). Alchemy and Finnegans wake. SUNY Press. p. 57. ISBN 0873953886.
Jump up ^ Ripley, George (1591). Compound of Alchemy.
Jump up ^ Gavezzotti, A. (1997). Theoretical Aspects and Computer Modeling of the Molecular Solid State. Chichester: Wiley and Sons.
Jump up ^ McDonagh, J. L.; Nath; De Ferrari, Luna; Van Mourik, Tanja; Mitchell, John B. O. (2014). "Uniting Cheminformatics and Chemical Theory To Predict the Intrinsic Aqueous Solubility of Crystalline Druglike Molecules". Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 54 (3): 844. doi:10.1021/ci4005805.
Jump up ^ McDonagh, James; Palmer, David S.; Van Mourik, Tanja; Mitchell, John B. O. (17 October 2016). "Are The Sublimation Thermodynamics of organic molecules predictable?". Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. doi:10.1021/acs.jcim.6b00033. ISSN 1549-9596.
External links[edit]
Media related to Sublimation at Wikimedia Commons
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text:
List of U.S. states by the number of billionaires
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Map of each state's billionaires as of 2016.
Legend:
100+
21 - 99
11 - 20
6 - 10
1 - 5
0
This is a list of U.S. states by the number of billionaires as of 12 Feb 2016. The list of billionaires is compiled annually by Forbes magazine.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Table
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Table[edit]
Rank
State/Region
Number of billionaires
1 California 124
2 New York 93
4 Florida 44
5 Illinois 17
3 Texas 48
5 Connecticut 17
7 Washington 13
11 Pennsylvania 10
15 Wisconsin 9
13 Arizona 9
25 Virginia 5
23 Minnesota 5
9 Colorado 10
10 Massachusetts 10
29 North Carolina 3
16 Wyoming 9
33 Hawaii 1
51 Washington, D.C. 1
8 Michigan 11
12 Tennessee 10
19 New Jersey 8
14 Georgia (U.S. state) 9
24 Oklahoma 5
45 Alaska 0
38 New Hampshire 1
21 Ohio 6
32 Oregon 2
22 Arkansas 5
17 Maryland 8
42 Utah 1
26 Indiana 4
31 Nebraska 2
50 Vermont 0
27 Montana 4
30 Kansas 2
39 Rhode Island 1
34 Iowa 1
40 South Carolina 1
35 Kentucky 1
20 Missouri 6
36 Louisiana 1
43 West Virginia 1
49 North Dakota 0
28 Idaho 3
18 Nevada 8
37 Maine 1
41 South Dakota 1
47 Mississippi 0
48 New Mexico 0
44 Alabama 0
46 Delaware 0
— Total United States 525
See also[edit]
List of countries by the number of US dollar billionaires
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://www.forbes.com/sites/danalexander/2014/03/07/california-leads-all-states-and-all-but-2-countries-with-111-billionaires/
"California Leads All States (And All But 2 Countries) With 111 Billionaires". Forbes. Retrieved 2014-07-08.
http://www3.forbes.com/business/here-are-the-states-with-the-most-billionaires/
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German nationality law
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
German Citizenship Act
Parliament of Germany
An Act relating to German citizenship
Enacted by
Government of Germany
Status: Current legislation
German nationality law is the law governing the acquisition, transmission and loss of German citizenship. The law is based on a mixture of the principles of jus sanguinis and jus soli. In other words, one usually acquires German citizenship if a parent is a German citizen, irrespective of place of birth, or by birth in Germany to parents with foreign nationality if certain requirements are fulfilled. Naturalisation is also possible for foreign nationals after six to eight years of legal residence in Germany.[1] However, non-EU and non-Swiss citizens must usually renounce their old citizenship before being naturalised in Germany. Citizens of other EU countries and of Switzerland usually can keep their old citizenship. Some EU countries do not allow dual citizenship even with other EU countries. German citizens wanting to acquire a non-EU or non-Swiss citizenship and to maintain their German citizenship must apply for a permission (Beibehaltungsgenehmigung) before acquiring the other citizenship, or they will automatically lose their German citizenship when they acquire the foreign citizenship. For details, see section "Dual citizenship."
A significant reform to the nationality law was passed by the Bundestag (the German parliament) in 1999, and came into force on 1 January 2000. The reformed law makes it somewhat easier for foreigners resident in Germany on a long-term basis, and especially their children born in Germany, to acquire German citizenship.[2]
The previous German nationality law dated from 1913. Nationality law was amended by the Nuremberg Laws of Nazi Germany; these amendments were revoked after the defeat of Nazism by an Allied occupational ordinance during WWII in 1945. Germany ratified the European Convention on Nationality, which came into force in Germany on 1 September 2005.[3] All German nationals are automatically also citizens of the European Union.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Birth in Germany
3 Descent from a German parent
4 Adoption
5 Naturalisation as a German citizen
5.1 Naturalisation by entitlement
5.2 Naturalisation by discretion
5.3 Victims of Nazi persecution
5.4 Children born in Germany
6 Naturalization statistics
7 Loss of German citizenship
8 Dual citizenship
9 Citizenship of the European Union
10 Germans living abroad
10.1 German citizens living abroad
10.2 People of German ethnicity living abroad
11 Travel freedom of German citizens
12 References
13 External links
History[edit]
Before the formation of the German Empire in 1871, the states that became part of the empire were sovereign with their own nationality laws, those of the southern ones (notably Bavaria) being quite liberal. Prussia's nationality law can be traced back to the "Law Respecting the Acquisition and Loss of the Quality as a Prussian subject, and his Admission to Foreign Citizenship" of 31 December 1842, which was based on the principle of jus sanguinis. Prussian law became the basis of the legal system of the German Empire, though the state nationality laws continued to apply, and a German citizen was a person who held citizenship of one of the states of the German Empire.
On 22 July 1913 the Nationality Law of the German Empire and States (Reichs- und Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz, shorthand: RuStAG) established a German citizenship, either derived from the citizenship of one of the component states or acquired through the central Reich government.
Under the Third Reich, in 1934, the German nationality law was amended to abolish separate state citizenships and creating a uniform Reich citizenship, with the central Reich authorities having power to grant or withdraw German nationality. In 1935 the Reich Citizenship Law (Reichsbürgergesetz), the second of the Nuremberg Laws, created a new category called "state subjects" (Staatsangehörige) to which Jews were assigned, thereby withdrawing citizenship from Jews who had been citizens; only those classed as being of "German or related blood" retained Reich citizenship.
On 13 March 1938 the German nationality law was extended to Austria following the Anschluss which annexed Austria to Germany. On 27 April 1945, after the defeat of Nazism, Austria was re-established and conferred Austrian citizenship on all persons who would have been Austrian on that date had the pre-1938 nationality law of Austria remained in force. Any Austrians who had held German nationality lost it.[4] Also see Austrian nationality law.
The Nazi amendments of 1934 and the Nuremberg Laws of 1935 were revoked by Allied occupational ordinance in 1945, restoring the 1913 nationality law, which remained in force until the 1999 reforms.[5]
Article 116(1) of the German Basic Law (constitution) confers, subject to laws regulating the details, a right to citizenship upon any person admitted to Germany (in its 1937 borders) as "refugee or expellee of German ethnic origin or as the spouse or descendant of such a person." Until 1990 ethnic Germans living abroad in a country in the former Eastern Bloc (Aussiedler) could obtain citizenship through a virtually automatic procedure. From 1990 the law was steadily tightened each year to limit the number of immigrants, requiring immigrants to prove language skills and cultural affiliation.
Article 116(2) entitles persons (and their descendants), who were denaturalised by the Nazi government, to be renaturalised if they wish. Those among them, who after May 8, 1945 take up residence in Germany are automatically considered German citizens. Both regulations, (1) and (2), allowed a considerable numbers of Poles and Israelis, residing in Poland and Israel, to be concurrently German citizens.
Birth in Germany[edit]
Children born on or after 1 January 2000 to non-German parents acquire German citizenship at birth if at least one parent:
has a permanent residence permit and
has been residing in Germany for at least eight years.
In order to retain German citizenship, such children are required to take affirmative measures by age 23, after which their German citizenship otherwise expires. These affirmative measures may include proof of the applicant's link to Germany, as evidenced by at least one of the following:
resided in Germany for at least eight years during their 21 first years of life
has attended a school in Germany for at least six years
has graduated from a school in Germany
successfully finished vocational/ professional training in Germany
These requirements are fulfilled in the vast majority of cases. If they are not fulfilled, the applicant can alternatively prove that he or she does not hold any foreign citizenship other than in a European Union member nation or a nation such as Morocco, Nigeria, or Iran whose domestic law provides that its citizenship cannot be lost.
Parents who are citizens of European Economic Area states or Switzerland are eligible to receive permanent resident permits after five years.
Descent from a German parent[edit]
A person born of a parent with German citizenship at the time of the child's birth is a German citizen. Place of birth is not a factor in citizenship determination based on parentage.
Those born after 1 January 1975 are Germans if the mother or father is a German citizen.
Those born before 1 January 1975 could normally only claim German citizenship from the father and not the mother. Exceptions included cases where the parents were unmarried (in which case German mothers could pass on citizenship) or where the German mother applied for the child to be registered as German on or before 31 December 1977.
Special rules exist for those born before 1 July 1993 if only the father is German and is not married to the mother. The father must acknowledge paternity and must have married the mother before 1 July 1998.
A child born in a foreign country will no longer receive German citizenship automatically by birth, if his/her German parent was born after 31 December 1999 in a foreign country and has his/her primary residence there. Exceptions are:
The child would be stateless.
The German parent registers the child's birth within one year of birth to the responsible German agency abroad.
In case both parents are German citizens, German citizenship will not be passed on automatically, if both parents were born abroad after 31 December 1999 and have their primary residence outside of Germany. Exceptions are same as the above.
Those born in Germany and adopted to a foreign country would need to contact their local German Consulate for clarification of German citizenship.
Persons who are Germans on the basis of descent from a German parent do not have to apply to retain German citizenship by age 23. If they acquire another citizenship at birth, they can usually continue to hold this.
Adoption[edit]
A child adopted by a German citizen becomes German national automatically if aged less than 18 on the date the application for adoption was made. So dual citizenship is granted.
Naturalisation as a German citizen[edit]
Naturalisation by entitlement[edit]
An individual who fulfils all of the following criteria has an entitlement to naturalise as a German citizen:[6]
he/she has been ordinarily resident in Germany for at least the last 8 years (this period can be reduced - see below)
he/she has legal capacity or a legal representative
confirms his/her present and past commitment to the free democratic constitutional system enshrined in the German Basic Law (or that he/she is presently committed to such principles and has departed from former support of ideas contrary to such principles)
he/she is a European Union or Swiss citizen in possession of the appropriate residence permit which permits the free movement of persons OR is a non-EU/Swiss citizen who has been granted a permanent right of residence
he/she is able to support himself/herself without recourse to benefits
he/she has not been sentenced for an unlawful act and is not subject to any court order imposing a measure of reform and prevention
he/she possesses an adequate knowledge of German
possesses knowledge of the legal system, the society and living conditions in the Federal Republic of Germany
An individual who does not have legal capacity is entitled to naturalise as a German citizen merely through ordinary residence in Germany for at least 8 years - he/she does not have to fulfil the other criteria (e.g. adequate command of the German language and ability to be self-supporting without recourse to benefits).
Applicants for naturalisation are normally expected to prove they have renounced their existing nationality, or will lose this automatically upon naturalisation. An exception applies to those unable to give up their nationality easily (such as refugees). A further exception applies to citizens of Switzerland and the European Union member states.
An individual who is entitled to naturalise as a German citizen can also apply for his/her spouse and minor children to be naturalised at the same time (his/her spouse and minor children need not have ordinarily resided in Germany for at least 8 years).
Exceptions to the normal residence requirements include:
persons who have completed an integration course may have the residence requirement reduced to 7 years
If a person shows that he/she is especially well integrated and has a higher level of command of the German language than the basic requirement for the German citizenship (i.e., higher than CEFR level B1) may have the residence requirement reduced to 6 years
The spouse of a German citizen may be naturalised after 3 years of continual residency in Germany. The marriage must have persisted for at least 2 years.
refugees and stateless persons may be able to apply after 6 years of continual residency
former German citizens
There are special provisions for victims of Nazi persecution and their descendants.
Naturalisation by discretion[edit]
An individual who is ordinarily resident outside may be naturalised as a German citizen if he/she can demonstrate sufficient ties with Germany which justify his/her naturalisation.[7]
Victims of Nazi persecution[edit]
Under Article 116 of Germany's constitution, known as the Basic Law,[8] anyone who had their German citizenship revoked during the Nazi regime for "political, racist, or religious reasons" may reobtain citizenship. The Article also includes the descendants of Nazi victims, and does not require them to give up the citizenship of their new home countries.[9]
This does NOT apply to those born before 1953 to a German Jewish mother: Although the law that German citizenship passed only through fathers was changed in 1953, this was not made retroactive.
Regulations stipulate that a descendant of those who had their citizenship revoked is entitled to re-naturalization ONLY if "the following hypothetical question can be answered with a 'yes': Had the primary claimant of the naturalization claim not been deprived of his/her German citizenship, would his/her descendants have acquired citizenship by birth according to the applicable German law of citizenship? " [10]
The "applicable German law of citizenship" referred to states that "Children born in wedlock between Jan. 1, 1914 and Dec. 31, 1974, acquired German citizenship only if the father was a German citizen at the time of their birth." Some waivers were granted for "Children born in wedlock between April 1, 1953 and Dec. 31, 1974 to a German mother and a non-German father" -- but not for those born earlier. [11]
See also the German Citizenship Project.
Children born in Germany[edit]
Under transitional arrangements in the 1999 reforms (effective 1 January 2000), children who were born in Germany in 1990 or later, and would have been German had the law change been in force at the time, were entitled to be naturalised as German citizens.
An application for naturalisation was required by 31 December 2000.
The child was required to apply for retention of German citizenship by age 23 and normally show that no other foreign citizenship was held at that time.
Naturalization statistics[edit]
Between 1995 and 2004, 1,278,424 people obtained German citizenship by naturalization. This means that about 1.5% of the total German population was naturalized during that period.
Naturalization of foreigners in Germany per (selected) country and year.
Source (2015): Official 2015 Migration Report, p. 235
Country/Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2011
2012
2015
Turkey 31,578 46,294 42,240 59,664 103,900 82,861 76,573 64,631 56,244 44,465 28,103 33,246 19,695
Iran 874 649 1,171 1,529 1,863 14,410 12,020 13,026 9,440 6,362 2,728 2,463 2,533
Serbia and Montenegro 3,623 2,967 2,244 2,721 3,444 9,776 12,000 8,375 5,504 3,539 6,309 6,085 -
Afghanistan 1,666 1,819 1,475 1,200 1,355 4,773 5,111 4,750 4,948 4,077 2,711 2,717 2,572
Morocco 3,288 2,918 4,010 4,981 4,312 5,008 4,425 3,800 4,118 3,820 - 2,852 2,551
Lebanon 595 784 1,159 1,782 2,491 5,673 4,486 3,300 2,651 2,265 - 1,283 1,485
Croatia 2,479 2,268 1,789 2,198 1,536 3,316 3,931 2,974 2,048 1,689 - - 3,328
Bosnia-Herzegovina 2,010 1,926 995 3,469 4,238 4,002 3,791 2,357 1,770 2,103 - 1,865 1,719
Vietnam 3,357 3,464 3,129 3,452 2,270 4,489 3,014 1,482 1,423 1,371 2,428 3,299 1,929
Pakistan - - - - - - - - - - 1,151 1,251 1,393
Poland 10,174 7,872 5,763 4,968 2,787 1,604 1,774 2,646 2,990 7,499 4,281 4,496 5,957
Russian Federation – – – – – 4,583 4,972 3,734 2,764 4,381 2,965 3,167 2,329
Ukraine – – – – – 2,978 3,295 3,656 3,889 3,844 4,264 3,691 4,168
Iraq 364 363 290 319 483 984 1,264 1,721 2,999 3,564 4,790 3,510 3,450
Israel 1,025 0 584 0 802 1,101 1,364 1,739 2,844 3,164 1,971 1,438 1,481
Nigeria – – – – – - - - - - - - 1,099
Total (including countries not mentioned) 71,981 86,356 82,913 106,790 143,267 186,688 178,098 154,547 140,731 127,153 106,897 112,348 107,317
Loss of German citizenship[edit]
German citizenship is automatically lost when a German citizen voluntarily acquires the citizenship of another country, except:
When the German citizen acquires a nationality from within the European Union, Switzerland, or another country with which Germany has a corresponding treaty.
When permission to obtain a foreign citizenship has been applied for and granted in advance of foreign naturalization. Failure to obtain so-called permit to retain German citizenship prior to naturalization results in the individual automatically losing German citizenship upon becoming a naturalized citizen of another country.[9]
Other cases where German citizenship can be lost include:
Persons acquiring German citizenship on the basis of birth in Germany (without a German parent) lose German citizenship automatically at age 23 if they have not successfully applied to retain German citizenship. If it is desired to maintain a foreign citizenship, application must be made by age 21.
A German citizen who voluntarily serves in a foreign army (over and above compulsory military service) from 1 January 2000 may lose German citizenship unless permission is obtained from the German government. From 6 July 2011, the permission to serve above compulsory military service is automatically given for the armies of EU, EFTA, and NATO countries and the armies of Australia, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, and the Republic of Korea.[12]
A German child adopted by foreign parents, where the child automatically acquires the nationality of the adoptive parents under the law of the adoptive parents' country. (For example, a German child adopted by Americans prior to 27 February 2001—the effective date of the U.S. Child Citizenship Act of 2000—would not have automatically lost his/her German citizenship, because the child did not automatically acquire United States citizenship by virtue of having been adopted by U.S. citizens.) An exception applies where legal ties to the German parent are maintained.
Dual citizenship[edit]
Allowed under following circumstances:
If the other citizenship is that of another EU country or of Switzerland. Non-EU- and non-Swiss citizens must usually renounce their old citizenship if they want to become German citizens. There are exceptions made for citizens of countries that do not allow their citizens to renounce their citizenship (e.g., Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica. P.S.: In case of Brazil it is possible to renounce your citizenship through a requirement made in the Brazilian consulate if you already have acquired another citizenship voluntarily, but it is not required to do so; the following jus-soli countries allow renunciation only if the citizenship was acquired involuntarily by birth there to non-citizen parents: Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Uruguay), or if the renunciation process is too difficult, humiliating or expensive (e.g., Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Cuba, Eritrea, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Morocco, Nigeria, Syria, Thailand, Tunisia, USA), or, rarely, in individual cases if the renunciation of the old citizenship means enormous disadvantages for the concerned person.
If a German citizen acquires a non-EU or non-Swiss citizenship with the permission ("Beibehaltungsgenehmigung") of the German Government (e.g., existing relative ties or property in Germany or in the other country or if the occupation abroad requires domestic citizenship for execution). The voluntary acquisition of a non-EU or non-Swiss citizenship without permission usually means the automatic loss of the German citizenship (but see Point 4). The permission is not necessary if the other citizenship is of another EU country or of Switzerland or if dual citizenship was obtained at birth.
If the person is a refugee and holds a 1951 travel document during naturalization.
If a child born to German parents acquires another citizenship at birth (e.g., based on place of birth [birth in jus-soli countries mostly of the Americas], or descent from one parent [one German parent and one foreign parent]).
Children born on or after 1 January 2000 to non-German parents acquire German citizenship at birth if at least one parent has a permanent residence permit (and had this status for at least three years) and the parent was residing in Germany for at least eight years. The children must have lived in Germany for at least eight years or attended school for six years until their 21st birthday. Non-EU- and non-Swiss-citizen parents born and grown up abroad usually cannot have dual citizenship themselves (but see Point 1).
Citizenship of the European Union[edit]
Because Germany forms part of the European Union, German citizens are also citizens of the European Union under European Union law and thus enjoy rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament.[13] When in a non-EU country where there is no German embassy, German citizens have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.[14][15] German citizens can live and work in any country within the EU as a result of the right of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the EU Treaty.[16]
Germans living abroad[edit]
Germans living abroad, (aka German emigrants or Auslandsdeutsche), are German citizens residing outside of Germany. German emigrants usually do not pay taxes to Germany. Germans abroad are allowed to vote in the Republic's federal elections (general elections). According to the German Foreign Office in Berlin (Auswärtiges Amt), "German citizens with permanent residence abroad can participate in federal elections in Germany and European elections. As a rule, German voters who reside permanently in non-EU countries abroad and are not resident in Germany any more, cannot participate in German state and local elections. However, German citizens who are living permanently in other EU countries can vote in municipal elections of their country of residence." http://www.konsularinfo.diplo.de/Vertretung/konsularinfo/de/06/Wahl/Wahlneu.html
The German term Auslandsdeutsche is sometimes used in this sense, but it is also used subjectively to refer to ethnic Germans and German-speaking communities abroad. In order to be unambiguous when speaking German and talking about German emigrants, it is necessary to specify "German citizens with permanent residence abroad" (Deutsche Staatsbürger mit ständigem Wohnsitz im Ausland).
The case is complicated by the German right of return law concerning Spätaussiedler, people who do not have German citizenship but who are in theory entitled to it because the German state considers them German nationals, like Volga Germans in Kazakhstan.
Significant communities of German citizens abroad are found in the following countries:
German citizens living abroad[edit]
Netherlands: 368,512 (2008, 2.19% of Dutch population, includes second generation immigrants)[17]
Switzerland: 265,944 (2009, 3.3% of Swiss population)[18]
Austria: 124,710 (2008, 1.5% of Austrian population)[19]
Australia: 106,524 (2006, 0.53% of Australian population)[20]
United Kingdom: 92,000 (2008, 0.15% of UK population)[21]
France: 75,057 (1999, 0.12% of French population).[22]
Poland: 64,000 - both German and Polish citizenship (0.17% of Polish population, Census 2011), 45,000 - exclusively German citizenship (0.12%, Census 2011) [23]
People of German ethnicity living abroad[edit]
Romania: 36,884 (2011 census)[24]
Russia: 597,212 (2002, 0.4% of Russian population).[25]
Hungary: 131,951 ethnic Germans (1.9% of Hungarian population, 2011 census) [26]
There was a number of 786,000 Germans in interwar Romania in 1939. Dr. Gerhard Reichning, Die deutschen Vertriebenen in Zahlen, Teil 1, Bonn 1995, Page 17 USA: Large numbers of German citizens live permanently in the U.S., especially academics, artists, computer experts, engineers, and business people. According to the German Missions in the US, “German citizens living abroad are not required to register with the German Embassy, so we are unable to say how many German citizens live in America.” http://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/02__GIC/GIC/02/f__a__q__seite.html Some of those Germans abroad hold passports from both Germany and the United States.
Travel freedom of German citizens[edit]
Main article: Visa requirements for German citizens
Visa requirements for German citizens
Visa requirements for German citizens are administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Germany. In January 2017, German citizens had visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to 176 countries and territories, ranking the German passport equal 1st in the world according to the Visa Restrictions Index.[27]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Obtaining Citizenship". German Missions in the United States. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Reform of Germany's citizenship and nationality law
Jump up ^ "European Convention on Nationality: Status". Council of Europe.
Jump up ^ BVerfGE 4, 322 1 BvR 284/54Austrian Nationality, copy hosted at utexas.edu
Jump up ^ Bös, Matthias: The Legal Construction of Membership: Nationality Law in Germany and the United States. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.bmi.bund.de/SharedDocs/Gesetzestexte/EN/Staatsangehoerigkeitsgesetz_englisch.pdf?__blob=publicationFile
Jump up ^ "Germany Nationality Act, Section 14" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-06-30.
Jump up ^ "Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany (Grundgesetz, GG)".
^ Jump up to: a b "Information on obtaining/reobtaining German citizenship for former German citizens and their descendants who were persecuted on political, racial or religious grounds between January 30, 1933 and May 8, 1945.". German Consulates. Archived from the original on 17 March 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/05__Legal/02__Directory__Services/02__Citizenship/__Restored.html
Jump up ^ http://www.germany.info/Vertretung/usa/en/05__Legal/02__Directory__Services/02__Citizenship/Citizenship__Obtain.html
Jump up ^ "Verlust durch Eintritt in ausländische Streitkräfte" (in German). German Embassy Tel Aviv. Retrieved 2012-08-19.
Jump up ^ "Germany". European Union. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Article 20(2)(c) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
Jump up ^ Rights abroad: Right to consular protection: a right to protection by the diplomatic or consular authorities of other Member States when in a non-EU Member State, if there are no diplomatic or consular authorities from the citizen's own state (Article 23): this is due to the fact that not all member states maintain embassies in every country in the world (14 countries have only one embassy from an EU state). Antigua and Barbuda (UK), Barbados (UK), Belize (UK), Central African Republic (France), Comoros (France), Gambia (UK), Guyana (UK), Liberia (Germany), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (UK), San Marino (Italy), São Tomé and Príncipe (Portugal), Solomon Islands (UK), Timor-Leste (Portugal), Vanuatu (France)
Jump up ^ "Treaty on the Function of the European Union (consolidated version)" (PDF). Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved 2015-07-10.
Jump up ^ http://statline.cbs.nl/StatWeb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37325&D1=0&D2=0&D3=0&D4=0&D5=a&D6=l&VW=T
Jump up ^ Wohnbevölkerung nach detaillierter Staatsangehörigkeit Archived 16 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine., Swiss Federal Statistical Office
Jump up ^ Wer sind die Deutschen in Österreich?
Jump up ^ "20680-Country of Birth of Person (full classification list) by Sex - Australia" (Microsoft Excel download). 2006 Census. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2 June 2008. Total count of persons: 19,855,288.
Jump up ^ statistics.gov.uk Archived 28 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ ined.fr
Jump up ^ http://www.stat.gov.pl/cps/rde/xbcr/gus/Przynaleznosc_narodowo-etniczna_w_2011_NSP.pdf
Jump up ^ http://www.insse.ro/cms/files/statistici/comunicate/alte/2012/Comunicat%20DATE%20PROVIZORII%20RPL%202011.pdf
Jump up ^ "Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года". Perepis2002.ru. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 18 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "1.1.6.1 Population by mother tongue, nationality and sex".
Jump up ^ "Visa Openness Report 2016" (PDF). World Tourism Organization. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
External links[edit]
Federal Agency for Immigration and Naturalisation (German language)
Background Paper, German Citizenship
Nationality Law, Federal Ministry of Justice
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Highest-paid NBA players by season
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Michael Jordan, who earned $33,140,000 in the 1997–98 NBA season, attempts a slam dunk at the old Boston Garden.
The highest-paid NBA players by season over the past twelve seasons have received contracts with salaries noted in the twenty-million-dollar range. In this twelve-year span, Kevin Garnett received $28,000,000, which was the highest salary payment of any NBA player, during the 2003–04 season. Garnett has been the highest-paid NBA player per year in seven of the past twelve NBA seasons. Michael Jordan was the first NBA player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season. During the 1997–98 season, Jordan earned $33,140,000, which still stands as the most any NBA player has earned on a 1 year contract, Jordan also holds the record for the second largest 1 year contract at $30,140,000 in the 1996-97 season. Kobe Bryant become just the second player to reach this milestone when the 2013–14 season began.[1] LeBron James became the third in the 2016–17 season. Stephen Curry became the first player to eclipse $40-Million per year when he signed a record 5-year contract worth $201-Million in 2017, starting with $34,682,550 in the 2017-18 season and ending with the largest earnings in the 2021-22 season with a record payout of $45,780,966.
Beginning in the 1984–85 NBA season, the NBA's first salary cap was introduced. The NBA salary cap is the maximum dollar amount each NBA team can spend on its players for the season. However, the NBA uses a "soft" salary cap, which means that significant "salary exceptions" allow NBA teams to exceed their allotted amount in order to sign players. The salary cap is determined during the offseason, but as stated earlier, it is liable to change.[2]
An exception is necessary to sign a player for a contract that would exceed the salary cap threshold of the "soft cap". The Larry Bird exception, more commonly known as Bird Rights, allows teams to re-sign a current player only if he has played for that particular team for a minimum of three years.[3] Another exception known as the mid-level exception allows for teams that are over the salary cap to sign one or more players as long as they do not exceed the total amount of the average NBA salary.[4] Next, the bi-annual exception can be used by teams every other year to sign a free agent(s) for up to two years at an amount set by the NBA.[5] Finally, the rookie player exception allows any NBA team to sign their first-round draft pick to a contract based upon a scale previously set forth by the NBA. Another option for teams would be to assign players to a league-assigned minimum salary contract for a maximum of two years.
According to 2010–11 NBA season game performance, the league's best players were not its highest-paid players. Each year there are ten players selected to one of the two All-NBA Teams. Out of those ten players chosen that year, Kobe Bryant was the only player that was also among the game's ten highest-paid during the 2010–11 NBA season.[6]
Contents
[hide]
1 2010s
1.1 2017–2018
1.2 2016–2017
1.3 2015–2016
1.4 2014–2015
1.5 2013–2014
1.6 2012–2013
1.7 2011–2012
1.8 2010–2011
1.9 2009–2010
2 2000s
2.1 2008–2009
2.2 2007–2008
2.3 2006–2007
2.4 2005–2006
2.5 2004–2005
2.6 2003–2004
2.7 2002–2003
2.8 2001–2002
2.9 2000–2001
2.10 1999–2000
3 1990s
3.1 1998–1999
4 See also
5 References
2010s
2017–2018
Player [7]
Salary
Team
Stephen Curry $34,682,550 Golden State Warriors
LeBron James $33,285,709 Cleveland Cavaliers
Paul Millsap $31,269,231 Denver Nuggets
Gordon Hayward $29,727,900 Boston Celtics
Blake Griffin $29,512,900 Los Angeles Clippers
Kyle Lowry $28,703,704 Toronto Raptors
Russell Westbrook $28,530,608 Oklahoma City Thunder
Mike Conley, Jr. $28,530,608 Memphis Grizzlies
James Harden $28,299,399 Houston Rockets
DeMar DeRozan $27,739,975 Toronto Raptors
2016–2017
LeBron James became the third player to sign a contract worth over thirty million dollars in a season, after Michael Jordan and Kobe Bryant.
Player [8]
Salary
Team
LeBron James $30,963,450 Cleveland Cavaliers
Al Horford $26,540,100 Boston Celtics
DeMar DeRozan $26,540,100 Toronto Raptors
James Harden $26,540,100 Houston Rockets
Kevin Durant $26,540,100 Golden State Warriors
Russell Westbrook $26,540,100 Oklahoma City Thunder
Mike Conley, Jr. $26,540,100 Memphis Grizzlies
Dirk Nowitzki $25,000,000 Dallas Mavericks
Carmelo Anthony $24,559,380 New York Knicks
Damian Lillard $24,328,425 Portland Trail Blazers
2015–2016
Kobe Bryant, who spent his entire 20-year career in a Los Angeles Lakers uniform, was the highest-paid player in the league from the 2009–10 until his retirement at the conclusion of the 2015–16 season.
Player [9]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $25,000,000 Los Angeles Lakers
LeBron James $22,970,500 Cleveland Cavaliers
Carmelo Anthony $22,875,000 New York Knicks
Dwight Howard $22,359,364 Houston Rockets
Chris Bosh $22,192,730 Miami Heat
Chris Paul $21,468,695 Los Angeles Clippers
Kevin Durant $20,158,622 Oklahoma City Thunder
Derrick Rose $20,093,064 Chicago Bulls
Dwyane Wade $20,000,000 Miami Heat
LaMarcus Aldridge $19,689,000 San Antonio Spurs
2014–2015
Player [10]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $23,500,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Amar'e Stoudemire $23,410,988 New York Knicks
Joe Johnson $23,180,790 Brooklyn Nets
Carmelo Anthony $22,458,401 New York Knicks
Dwight Howard $21,436,271 Houston Rockets
Chris Bosh $20,644,400 Miami Heat
LeBron James $20,644,400 Cleveland Cavaliers
Chris Paul $20,068,563 Los Angeles Clippers
Deron Williams $19,754,465 Brooklyn Nets
Rudy Gay $19,317,326 Sacramento Kings
2013–2014
Player [11]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $30,453,805 Los Angeles Lakers
Dirk Nowitzki $22,721,381 Dallas Mavericks
Amar'e Stoudemire $21,679,893 New York Knicks
Joe Johnson $21,466,718 Brooklyn Nets
Carmelo Anthony $21,388,953 New York Knicks
Dwight Howard $20,513,178 Houston Rockets
Pau Gasol $19,285,850 Los Angeles Lakers
Chris Bosh $19,067,500 Miami Heat
LeBron James $19,067,500 Miami Heat
Dwyane Wade $18,673,000 Miami Heat
2012–2013
Player [12]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $30,453,805 Los Angeles Lakers
Dirk Nowitzki $20,907,128 Dallas Mavericks
Amar'e Stoudemire $19,948,799 New York Knicks
Joe Johnson $19,752,645 Brooklyn Nets
Carmelo Anthony $19,444,503 New York Knicks
Pau Gasol $19,285,850 Los Angeles Lakers
Chris Bosh $19,067,500 Miami Heat
LeBron James $19,067,500 Miami Heat
Dwyane Wade $18,673,000 Miami Heat
Chris Paul $18,668,431 Los Angeles Clippers
2011–2012
Player [13]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $25,244,493 Los Angeles Lakers
Kevin Garnett $21,247,044 Boston Celtics
Tim Duncan $21,164,619 San Antonio Spurs
Rashard Lewis $21,136,631 Washington Wizards
Dirk Nowitzki $19,092,873 Dallas Mavericks
Pau Gasol $18,714,150 Los Angeles Lakers
Carmelo Anthony $18,518,574 New York Knicks
Amar'e Stoudemire $18,217,705 New York Knicks
Elton Brand $18,160,355 Philadelphia 76ers
Dwight Howard $18,091,770 Orlando Magic
2010–2011
Player [14]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $24,806,250 Los Angeles Lakers
Rashard Lewis $19,573,711 Washington Wizards
Tim Duncan $18,835,381 San Antonio Spurs
Kevin Garnett $18,832,044 Boston Celtics
Michael Redd $18,300,000 Milwaukee Bucks
Andrei Kirilenko $17,823,000 Utah Jazz
Pau Gasol $17,823,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Gilbert Arenas $17,730,694 Washington Wizards
Yao Ming $17,686,100 Houston Rockets
Zach Randolph $17,666,666 Memphis Grizzlies
2009–2010
Player [15]
Salary
Team
Kobe Bryant $23,034,375 Los Angeles Lakers
Jermaine O'Neal $23,016,000 Miami Heat
Tracy McGrady $22,843,124 New York Knicks
Tim Duncan $22,183,220 San Antonio Spurs
Shaquille O'Neal $21,000,000 Cleveland Cavaliers
Dirk Nowitzki $19,795,714 Dallas Mavericks
Paul Pierce $19,795,712 Boston Celtics
Ray Allen $18,776,860 Boston Celtics
Rashard Lewis $18,010,791 Orlando Magic
Michael Redd $17,040,000 Milwaukee Bucks
2000s
2008–2009
Kevin Garnett was the highest-paid player during the 2008–09, 2007–08, and 2006–07 seasons; he relinquished that position to Shaquille O'Neal for two seasons, but was also the highest-paid player during the 2003–04, 2002–03, 2001–02, and 2000–01 seasons.
Player [16]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $24,751,934 Boston Celtics
Jason Kidd $21,372,000 Dallas Mavericks
Jermaine O'Neal $21,372,000 Toronto Raptors
Kobe Bryant $21,262,500 Los Angeles Lakers
Shaquille O'Neal $21,000,000 Phoenix Suns
Allen Iverson $20,840,625 Detroit Pistons
Stephon Marbury $20,840,625 Boston Celtics
Tim Duncan $20,598,704 San Antonio Spurs
Tracy McGrady $20,370,437 Houston Rockets
Ray Allen $18,388,430 Boston Celtics
2007–2008
Player [18]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $23,751,934 Boston Celtics
Shaquille O'Neal $21,000,000 Phoenix Suns
Jason Kidd $19,728,000 New Jersey Nets
Jermaine O'Neal $19,728,000 Indiana Pacers
Kobe Bryant $19,490,625 Los Angeles Lakers
Tim Duncan $19,014,188 San Antonio Spurs
Allen Iverson $19,012,500 Denver Nuggets
Stephon Marbury $19,012,500 New York Knicks
Tracy McGrady $18,257,750 Houston Rockets
Baron Davis $16,440,000 Golden State Warriors
2006–2007
Player [19]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $21,000,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Shaquille O'Neal $20,000,000 Miami Heat
Jason Kidd $18,084,000 New Jersey Nets
Jermaine O'Neal $18,084,000 Indiana Pacers
Kobe Bryant $17,718,750 Los Angeles Lakers
Tim Duncan $17,429,673 San Antonio Spurs
Allen Iverson $17,184,375 Philadelphia 76ers
Stephon Marbury $17,184,375 New York Knicks
Tracy McGrady $16,901,500 Houston Rockets
Grant Hill $16,901,500 Orlando Magic
2005–2006
Player [20]
Salary
Team
Shaquille O'Neal $20,000,000 Miami Heat
Allan Houston $19,125,000 New York Knicks
Chris Webber $19,125,000 Philadelphia 76ers
Kevin Garnett $18,000,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Allen Iverson $16,453,125 Philadelphia 76ers
Stephon Marbury $16,453,125 New York Knicks
Jason Kidd $16,440,000 New Jersey Nets
Jermaine O'Neal $16,440,000 Indiana Pacers
Kobe Bryant $15,946,875 Los Angeles Lakers
Michael Finley $15,937,500 Dallas Mavericks
2004–2005
Player [21]
Salary
Team
Shaquille O'Neal $27,696,430 Miami Heat
Dikembe Mutombo $19,485,719 New Jersey Nets/Houston Rockets
Allan Houston $17,531,250 New York Knicks
Chris Webber $17,531,250 Sacramento Kings
Kevin Garnett $16,000,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Jason Kidd $14,796,000 New Jersey Nets
Jermaine O'Neal $14,796,000 Indiana Pacers
Shareef Abdur-Rahim $14,625,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Ray Allen $14,625,000 Seattle Supersonics
Anfernee Hardaway $14,625,000 New York Knicks
Zydrunas Ilgauskas $14,625,000 Cleveland Cavaliers
Allen Iverson $14,625,000 Philadelphia 76ers
Stephon Marbury $14,625,000 New York Knicks
Latrell Sprewell $14,625,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Antoine Walker $14,625,000 Atlanta Hawks
2003–2004
Player [22]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $28,000,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Shaquille O'Neal $26,571,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Rasheed Wallace $18,000,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Dikembe Mutombo $17,895,000 New York Knicks
Allan Houston $15,937,000 New York Knicks
Chris Webber $15,937,000 Sacramento Kings
Damon Stoudamire $14,625,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Penny Hardaway $13,500,000 Phoenix Suns
Latrell Sprewell $13,500,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Antonio McDyess $13,500,000 Phoenix Suns
2002–2003
Player[23]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $25,200,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Shaquille O'Neal $23,571,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Shawn Kemp $21,500,000 Orlando Magic
Juwan Howard $20,625,000 Denver Nuggets
Scottie Pippen $19,727,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Karl Malone $19,250,000 Utah Jazz
Rasheed Wallace $16,200,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Dikembe Mutombo $16,105,000 New Jersey Nets
Chris Webber $14,343,000 Sacramento Kings
Damon Stoudamire $13,500,000 Portland Trail Blazers
2001–2002
Player[24]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $22,400,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Shaquille O'Neal $21,428,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Alonzo Mourning $18,756,000 Miami Heat
Juwan Howard $18,750,000 Denver Nuggets
Scottie Pippen $18,083,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Karl Malone $17,500,000 Utah Jazz
Rasheed Wallace $14,400,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Dikembe Mutombo $14,315,000 Philadelphia 76ers
Gary Payton $12,926,000 Seattle SuperSonics
Shawn Kemp $12,770,000 Portland Trail Blazers
2000–2001
Player[25]
Salary
Team
Kevin Garnett $19,600,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Shaquille O'Neal $19,285,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Alonzo Mourning $16,879,000 Miami Heat
Juwan Howard $16,875,000 Washington Wizards
Hakeem Olajuwon $16,685,000 Houston Rockets
Karl Malone $15,750,000 Utah Jazz
Dikembe Mutombo $14,422,000 Philadelphia 76ers
Patrick Ewing $14,000,000 Seattle SuperSonics
David Robinson $13,196,000 San Antonio Spurs
Scottie Pippen $13,151,000 Portland Trail Blazers
1999–2000
Player[26]
Salary
Team
Shaquille O'Neal $17,142,000 Los Angeles Lakers
Kevin Garnett $16,806,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Alonzo Mourning $15,004,000 Miami Heat
Juwan Howard $15,000,000 Washington Wizards
Scottie Pippen $14,795,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Karl Malone $14,000,000 Utah Jazz
Larry Johnson $11,910,000 New York Knicks
Gary Payton $11,020,000 Seattle SuperSonics
Rasheed Wallace $10,800,000 Portland Trail Blazers
Shawn Kemp $10,780,000 Cleveland Cavaliers
1990s
1998–1999
Player[27]
Salary
Team
Patrick Ewing $18,500,000 New York Knicks
Shaquille O'Neal $17,000,000 Los Angeles Lakers
David Robinson $14,841,000 San Antonio Spurs
Kevin Garnett $14,000,000 Minnesota Timberwolves
Alonzo Mourning $13,130,000 Miami Heat
Juwan Howard $13,125,000 Washington Wizards
Hakeem Olajuwon $12,943,000 Houston Rockets
Dikembe Mutombo $11,218,000 Atlanta Hawks
Jayson Williams $11,000,000 New Jersey Nets
Scottie Pippen $11,000,000 Houston Rockets
See also
National Basketball Association portal
Business and economics portal
List of highest paid Major League Baseball players
List of player salaries in the NHL
List of salaries
References
Jump up ^ "Kobe Bryant to Become NBA's Second Ever $30-Million Player". aolnews.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-19.
Jump up ^ "NBA Salary Cap History". insidehoops.com.
Jump up ^ "NBA Salary Cap Explained". about.com.
Jump up ^ "Mid Level Exception". sportscity.com.
Jump up ^ "Bi-annual Exception". sportscity.com.
Jump up ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (2010-11-04). "The NBA's Highest-Paid Players". Forbes.
Jump up ^ "2017-18 NBA Player Contracts". Retrieved 2017-08-14.
Jump up ^ "The NBA's 25 highest-paid players for the 2016-17 season". Foxsports.com. Retrieved 2017-06-23.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2015-2016". ESPN. Retrieved 2015-10-30.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2014-2015". ESPN. Retrieved 2015-01-17.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2013-2014". ESPN. Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2012-2013". ESPN. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2011-2012". ESPN. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2010-2011". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2009-2010". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2013-09-16.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2008-2009". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "NBA Salaries". Insidehoops.com. Retrieved 2011-11-30.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2007-2008". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2006-2007". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "2005-2006 salaries". eskimo.com. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "2004-2005 NBA salaries". eskimo.com. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2003-2004". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2002-2003". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2001-2002". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 2000-2001". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ "NBA Player Salaries - 1999-2000". ESPN (go.com). Retrieved 2014-02-01.
Jump up ^ . Sports Reference LLC https://www.basketball-reference.com/leagues/NBA_1999.html. Retrieved 2016-08-20. Missing or empty |title= (help)
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