text:
Flight (Grey's Anatomy)
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"Flight"
Grey's Anatomy episode
Shepherd's mangled hand, following an aviation accident.
Episode no.
Season 8
Episode 24
Directed by
Rob Corn
Written by
Shonda Rhimes
Featured music
"Featherstone"
"Graveyard"
Original air date
May 17, 2012 (2012-05-17)
Running time
43 minutes
Guest appearance(s)
Jason George as Dr. Ben Warren
James LeGros as Jerry
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Migration" Next →
"Going, Going, Gone"
Grey's Anatomy (season 8)
List of Grey's Anatomy episodes
"Flight" is the twenty-fourth and final episode of the eighth season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, and the show's 172nd episode overall. It was written by series creator Shonda Rhimes, and directed by Rob Corn. The episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on May 17, 2012. In the episode, six doctors from Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital who are victims of an aviation accident fight to stay alive, but Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) ultimately dies. Other storylines occur in Seattle where Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) plans his annual dinner for the departing residents, Dr. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd) fires Dr. Teddy Altman (Kim Raver), and Dr. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) gets engaged.
The episode marked Leigh's and Raver's final appearance to the series. Exterior filming of the accident took place at Big Bear Lake, California. Jason George reprised his role as a guest star, whereas James LeGros made his first appearance. The episode opened to mixed reviews from television critics, with some criticizing the death of Lexie, but praising Leigh's performance, in addition to Ellen Pompeo (Dr. Meredith Grey)'s and Eric Dane (Dr. Mark Sloan)'s. "Flight" earned Rhimes an NAACP Image Award nomination and it was also nominated under several categories of Entertainment Weekly's finale awards. Upon its initial airing, the episode was viewed in the United States by 11.44 million people, garnered a 4.1/11 Nielsen rating/share in the 18–49 demographic, ranking fourth for the night in terms of viewership, and registering as Thursday's highest-rated drama.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
After their plane crashes in the woods, Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), Dr. Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh), Dr. Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh), Dr. Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw), Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), and Dr. Mark Sloan (Eric Dane) desperately fight to stay alive. Meredith is relatively unscathed, while the rest have serious injuries: the pilot, Jerry (James LeGros), has a major spine injury, and Yang dislocates her arm. Robbins' femur is broken and sticking through the skin, Sloan has serious internal injuries; though initially adrenaline keeps him on his feet. Shepherd is sucked out the side of the plane and awakens alone in the wood; his mangled hand having been pushed through the door of the plane. However, none are in as bad shape as Lexie, who is crushed under a piece of the plane. While Meredith searches for Shepherd, Yang and Sloan try to move the debris off Lexie. Eventually, the two realize that they cannot save her, so Sloan holds her hand while she dies, telling her that he loves her. As Sloan tells her of the life the two were meant to have together, Lexie dies with a smile on her face just as Meredith and Yang are approaching.
Lexie's death devastates Meredith, who is still desperately trying to find her husband. Eventually, she and Shepherd reunite and they fix his hand as best as they can. Meanwhile, back at Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital, no one is aware of what has happened to the other doctors. Dr. Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) prepares the annual dinner for the departing residents, which Dr. Alex Karev (Justin Chambers), Dr. Jackson Avery (Jesse Williams), and Dr. April Kepner (Sarah Drew) are dreading. Avery makes the choice to take a job offer at Tulane Medical Center, and he and Kepner share a moment. Dr. Ben Warren (Jason George) and Dr. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) decide to get married, even though Warren is going to start his surgical internship in Los Angeles. After realizing Dr. Teddy Altman (Kim Raver) was offered a chief position at United States Army Medical Command (MEDCOM) and is refusing to leave Seattle out of loyalty, Dr. Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd), the chief of surgery, fires her to free her from the hospital where her husband died. As the episode ends, Hunt picks up his messages to discover the surgical team never made it to Boise. The residents, finally excited to celebrate at Webber's dinner, are left waiting for their stranded friends. The remaining crash survivors are left struggling to stay awake as their last match goes out. In the closing monologue, Meredith repeats the opening to the speech that Webber gave in the pilot episode of the series.
Production[edit]
"It was so hard. It was physically and emotionally challenging because you're constantly at extremely high stakes. The physicality for Cristina, she had to do a lot of things with one arm, and I had to do a lot of things with one shoe. You're running around the mountain with one shoe and one arm basically and doing things that way. And it's like we've had this cushy time on stages and in the hospital. But being out in the open on the side of a mountain was exhilarating; you cannot beat location work. I've done very little greenscreen work, but it's just a pooper. I don't care how much you blow that fan on my face, there's not a helicopter coming at me. It's really hard to manufacture the clear reality of what that is, but when you are on a mountain and you are freezing, you're freezing."
— Oh's impressions on shooting in the mountains[1]
The episode was written by Shonda Rhimes, and directed by Rob Corn.[2] Featured music included The Paper Kites' "Featherstone" and Feist's 'Graveyard".[3] Filming took place in Big Bear Lake, California, a location previously used in the seventh season for Yang and Shepherd's fishing trip.[4] Commenting on the filming conditions, Leigh said: "It would rain and be sunny and hot. I never died before [on camera]. That sounds funny saying that. I think everyone has an emotional wellspring and that happened to be a moment where I was sprung. Everybody was very accommodating — the crew, cast. And I opted to stay underneath [the wreckage] for the most part over two days rather than trying to get in and out."[5]
In regard to the episode, Rhimes commented before it originally aired that it was difficult to write, largely because of the death of a main character. She compared it to writing the season six finale, by explaining that the former was "more painful" to write.[6] After the episode aired, Rhimes repeated in a tweet that it was hard for her to write the finale, adding: "I did not enjoy it. It made me sick and it made me sad."[7] Rhimes also explained the departure of Leigh, whose character died after the plane crash, by saying that the two came to an agreement on the decision to kill Lexie, after extensive discussion. Speaking of Raver's departure whose character left Seattle Grace for MEDCOM, Rhimes elaborated that Raver was offered a contract renewal, but declined.[7]
Reception[edit]
Chyler Leigh's performance was deemed "phenomenal".
The episode received mixed reviews among television critics, and it outperformed the previous episode in terms of both viewership and ratings. "Flight" was originally broadcast on May 17, 2012 in the United States on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC). The episode was watched in the United States by a total of 11.44 million people,[8] a 16.5% (1.62 million) increase from the previous episode "Migration", which garnered 9.82 million viewers.[9] In terms of viewership, "Flight" ranked fourth for the night, behind the season finales of Fox's American Idol, and CBS's Person of Interest and The Mentalist.[8] In terms of Grey's Anatomy's other season finales, the episode was the show's second least-viewed finale, just behind the seventh season's, which garnered 9.89 million viewers.[10] The episode did not rank in the top three for viewership, but its 4.1/11 Nielsen rating ranked first in its 9:00 Eastern time-slot and second for the night, registering the show as Thursday's No. 1 drama, for both the rating and share percentages of the key 18–49 demographic. Its rating lost to American Idol, but beat out CBS's The Big Bang Theory, Person of Interest, and The Mentalist.[8] In addition to its rating being in the top rankings for the night, it was an increase from the previous episode, which netted a 3.5/10 rating/share in the 18–49 demographic.[9] The episode also showed an increase in ratings in comparison to the previous year's finale, which attained a 3.6/9 rating/share in the 18–49 demographic.[10]
Poptimal's Tanya Lane wrote, "Wow…just wow. Grey's Anatomy has once again managed to shock with its season finale." While she appreciated the "realism and authenticity that Grey's is known for", she found the episode was "almost too much" as it was "extremely gory and difficult to watch, initially because of the grisly wounds" but later because of the "heavy and emotional things that transpired". She thought Pompeo gave one of her best performances when her character learned that her sister was dead.[11] Digital Spy's Ben Lee found Leigh's and Dane's performances "phenomenal" and added that he had probably never seen a better performance from Dane. He described the moment the two actors shared as "truly poignant". To him, Lexie's death felt like a finale, which was thus too early. As for what was happening in Seattle Grace, he thought it was "a bit pointless" and "uninteresting" except Altman's departure, which he deemed "the most significant moment at the hospital".[12] Entertainment Weekly's Tanner Stransky commented of Lexie's death: "It was an intense death. I mean, how awful was it to watch one of Grey’s longest-running characters pass away so quickly -- and rather unceremoniously? I get that Ms. Rhimes had to do what she had to do -- and every show needs to be shaken up once in a while -- but I don't love that Lexie was the one to die. Could it have been someone less important somehow? I guess it would have been too obvious to do Kepner. And you probably just don't kill off a hottie like Mark Sloan, right?" Stransky also complained about Robbins' screams at the beginning of the episode, but enjoyed Bailey's story.[13]
In an Entertainment Weekly poll that judged all the television season finales of the year, Lexie's death was voted the "Top Tissue Moment",[14] while Robbins' injured leg and Shepherd's mangled hand were voted the "Most Disturbing Image".[15] The ending of the episode was also considered as the "Best Ending to an Otherwise So-So Season".[16] Lexie's death was also nominated under the "Best (Presumed) Death" category,[17] while the plane crash's aftermath was nominated as the "Best Non-romantic Cliffhanger",[18] and the episode in entirety was nominated for the special award for "Biggest Regret That I Didn't See It, I Just Heard or Read About It".[19] Entertainment Weekly later named the scene where Meredith is crying one of the best crying scenes of 2012.[20] In TVLine's review of 2012, Lexie's death was runner-up for "Biggest Tearjerker".[21] The episode is nominated at the NAACP Image Awards under the Outstanding Writing in a Dramatic Series category for Rhimes.[22]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (June 25, 2012). "Emmys 2012: 'Grey's Anatomy's' Sandra Oh on Cristina's Emotional Season". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Writer: Rhimes, Shonda. Director: Corn, Rob (May 17, 2012). "Flight". Grey's Anatomy. Season 8. American Broadcasting Company.
Jump up ^ "Season 8, Episode: 24 "Flight" Music". TV Fanatic. SheKnows Entertainment. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Dos Santos, Kristin (May 1, 2012). "Spoiler Chat Daily: American Horror Story Season Two Scoop! Plus, Grey's, True Blood and More!". E! Online. NBCUniversal. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hilton, Perez (June 24, 2010). "Chyler Leigh Describes Filming Deets Behind Grey's Anatomy Death!". PerezHilton.com. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (April 26, 2012). "'Grey's Anatomy's' Shonda Rhimes on the Deadly Finale: 'We're Literally Saying Goodbye to People'". The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lee, Ben (May 18, 2012). "'Grey's Anatomy' creator Shonda Rhimes: 'Finale made me sick and sad'". Digital Spy. Nat Mags. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bibel, Sara (May 18, 2012). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'American Idol', 'Grey's Anatomy', '30 Rock' Adjusted Up; 'Touch', 'Scandal' Adjusted Dow". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Kondolojy, Amanda (May 11, 2012). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'Big Bang Theory', 'Idol', 'Vampire Diaries', 'Office', 'Secret Circle', 'Grey's' Adjusted Up; 'Touch', 'Scandal' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Seidman, Robert (May 20, 2011). "Thursday Final Ratings: 'American Idol,' 'Big Bang,' 'The Office,' 'Grey's,' 'Mentalist' Adjusted Up". TV by the Numbers. Zap2it. Retrieved May 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lane, Tanya (May 21, 2012). "Grey’s Anatomy Season Finale Review: Tears and Gore Galore". Poptimal. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Lee, Ben (May 18, 2012). "'Grey's Anatomy' recap: Major death in season finale 'Flight'". Digital Spy. Nat Mags. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Stransky, Tanner (May 18, 2012). "'Grey's Anatomy' season finale recap: A Grey Goes Down". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved May 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bierly, Mandi (May 29, 2012). "Grey's Anatomy, Chyler Leigh, ... | TV Season Finale Awards: YOUR 2012 Winners! | Photo 9 of 20". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved June 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bierly, Mandi (May 29, 2012). "Grey's Anatomy, Ellen Pompeo | TV Season Finales TV Season Finale Awards: YOUR 2012 Winners! | Photo 12 of 20". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bierley, Mandi (May 29, 2012). "Grey's Anatomy, Ellen Pompeo, ... | TV Season Finale Awards: YOUR 2012 Winners! | Photo 16 of 20". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bierley, Mandi (May 29, 2012). "Best (Presumed) Death". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bierley, Mandi (May 29, 2012). "Best Non-romantic Cliffhanger". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bierley, Mandi (May 29, 2012). "Biggest Regret That I Didn't See It, I Just Heard or Read About It". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved July 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Best of 2012: The crying game". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. December 5, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "TVLine's 2012 in Review, Part 2: Best Cliffhanger, Worst New Character and 38 More Categories". TVLine. PMC. December 27, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The 44th NAACP Image Awards - Nominations" (PDF). Naacpimageawards.net. December 11, 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 19, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
External links[edit]
"Flight" at ABC.com
"Flight" on IMDb
"Flight" at TV.com
[hide]
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Grey's Anatomy episodes
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Season 7
"Song Beneath the Song"
Season 8
"Flight"
Season 9
"Going, Going, Gone"
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"I Must Have Lost it on the Wind"
"Puzzle With a Piece Missing"
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"Don't Let's Start"
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"How to Save a Life"
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Season 12
"Sledgehammer"
"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner"
"Something Against You"
"Things We Lost in the Fire"
"The Sound of Silence"
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Season 13
"True Colors"
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Paula Malcomson
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Paula Malcomson
Malcomson in 2013
Born
(1970-06-01) 1 June 1970 (age 47)
Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
Other names
Paula Williams
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1992–present[1]
Paula Malcomson (born 1 June 1970[2]) is a Northern Irish actress. She is sometimes credited as Paula Williams.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
2 Filmography
3 References
4 External links
Career[edit]
Malcomson starred as Trixie in the HBO series Deadwood[3] and Colleen in ABC's Lost.[4] She played the role of Amanda Graystone in the Battlestar Galactica spin-off series Caprica, on the Sci Fi Channel, as well as the role of Maureen Ashby on the FX Series Sons of Anarchy.[3] She played the long-suffering Abby Donovan, wife of the title character in the Showtime series Ray Donovan.
In March 2011, Malcomson guest starred in the Fringe episode "Stowaway".[4] She played Mrs. Everdeen in the film adaptation of The Hunger Games, her first major starring movie role.[5]
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1992 Another Girl Another Planet Bartender
1993 Tombstone Allie Earp
1996 Dunston Checks In Bellman No. 4
1998 Trance Bartender
1998 The Rocking Horse Winner Jesse's Mother Short film
1999 Profiler Jean Stanley Episode: "Blind Eye"
1999 The Auteur Theory Siobhan Meehan
1999 Green Mile, TheThe Green Mile Marjorie Detterick
2000 Hamlet Marcella
2000 Practice, TheThe Practice Suzie Greene Episode: "Settling"
2000 Strong Medicine Trish Episode: "Pre-Existing Conditions"
2000 Baby Julia Television film
2001 A.I. Artificial Intelligence Patricia in Mirrored Room
2001 UC: Undercover Sasha Episode: "Zero Option"
2002 Star Trek: Enterprise Madeline Reed Episode: "Silent Enemy"
2003 NYPD Blue Carla Whitford Episode: "Marine Life"
2003 Six Feet Under Woman in Bar Episode: "I'm Sorry, I'm Lost"
2003 Quintessence Ruth Short film
2003 June & Orlando June Short film
2004–06 Deadwood Trixie 36 episodes
2006 Lost Colleen Pickett 2 episodes
2006–07 ER Meg Riley 8 episodes
2007 Cold Case Marlene Bradford Episode: "A Dollar, a Dream"
2007 The Death Strip Helene Short film
2007 Nonplussed Jenn Short film
2007 John from Cincinnati Jerri 5 episodes
2007 Criminal Minds Beth Jacobs Episode: "Seven Seconds"
2008 Woman in the West, AA Woman in the West Marion Faber Short film
2008 Law & Order: Special Victims Unit Susan Ross Episode: "Retro"
2009 Morning After Kat McKinley Short film
2009 CSI: Crime Scene Investigation Amanda / Emma Episode: "Disarmed and Dangerous"
2009–10 Caprica Amanda Graystone 18 episodes
2010 Event, TheThe Event Madeline Jackson 3 episodes
2010 Sons of Anarchy Maureen Ashby 10 episodes
2011 Lie to Me Lightman's Mom Episode: "Funhouse"
2011 Private Practice Hillary Loveman Episode: "Home Again"
2011 Fringe Dana Gray Episode: "Stowaway"
2011 Law & Order: LA Jill Jennings Episode: "Benedict Canyon"
2012 Hunger Games, TheThe Hunger Games Mrs. Everdeen
2013–present Ray Donovan Abby Donovan 54 episodes
2013 Hunger Games: Catching Fire, TheThe Hunger Games: Catching Fire Mrs. Everdeen
2014 The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1 Mrs. Everdeen
2015 The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 2 Mrs. Everdeen
2017 Grass Stains Mrs. Stevens
2017 Broken Roz Demichelis 4 episodes
2017 We Have Always Lived In the Castle Helen Clarke In post-production
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Paula Malcomson Biography". BuddyTV. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
Jump up ^ Ray Donovan Twitter. "Please join us in wishing Paula Malcomson a very happy birthday! pic.twitter.com/Jw8HWdxptw". Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b Rowles, Dustin (2010-10-13). "Grading the 7 Most Successful Post-Show Careers of "Deadwood" and "The Wire" Alumni". Pajiba.com. Retrieved 2010-04-23.
^ Jump up to: a b Hanson, Andrew (2011-03-19). "'Fringe' recap: 'The place where the mysteries of the universe get answered'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2011-03-21.
Jump up ^ Franich, Darren (2010-04-22). "'The Hunger Games': Paula Malcomson cast as Katniss Everdeen's mother". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2010-04-22.
External links[edit]
Paula Malcomson on IMDb
Paula Malcomson profile for Deadwood

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WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 120198584
LCCN: no2008057794
GND: 1063957648
BNF: cb16198351p (data)

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text:
Stem-and-leaf display
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Time table using a stem-and-leaf layout at Minato Mirai train station in Yokohama, Japan. It is a widespread design pattern in the country.
A stem-and-leaf display is a device for presenting quantitative data in a graphical format, similar to a histogram, to assist in visualizing the shape of a distribution. They evolved from Arthur Bowley's work in the early 1900s, and are useful tools in exploratory data analysis. Stemplots became more commonly used in the 1980s after the publication of John Tukey's book on exploratory data analysis in 1977.[1] The popularity during those years is attributable to their use of monospaced (typewriter) typestyles that allowed computer technology of the time to easily produce the graphics. Modern computers' superior graphic capabilities have meant these techniques are less often used.
A stem-and-leaf display is also called a stemplot, but the latter term often refers to another chart type.[2] A simple stem plot may refer to plotting a matrix of y values onto a common x axis, and identifying the common x value with a vertical line, and the individual y values with symbols on the line.
Unlike histograms, stem-and-leaf displays retain the original data to at least two significant digits, and put the data in order, thereby easing the move to order-based inference and non-parametric statistics.
A basic stem-and-leaf display contains two columns separated by a vertical line. The left column contains the stems and the right column contains the leaves.
Contents
[hide]
1 Constructing a stem-and-leaf display
2 Usage
3 Notes
4 References
Constructing a stem-and-leaf display[edit]
To construct a stem-and-leaf display, the observations must first be sorted in ascending order: this can be done most easily if working by hand by constructing a draft of the stem-and-leaf display with the leaves unsorted, then sorting the leaves to produce the final stem-and-leaf display. Here is the sorted set of data values that will be used in the following example:
44, 46, 47, 49, 63, 64, 66, 68, 68, 72, 72, 75, 76, 81, 84, 88, 106
Next, it must be determined what the stems will represent and what the leaves will represent. Typically, the leaf contains the last digit of the number and the stem contains all of the other digits. In the case of very large numbers, the data values may be rounded to a particular place value (such as the hundreds place) that will be used for the leaves. The remaining digits to the left of the rounded place value are used as the stem.
In this example, the leaf represents the ones place and the stem will represent the rest of the number (tens place and higher).
The stem-and-leaf display is drawn with two columns separated by a vertical line. The stems are listed to the left of the vertical line. It is important that each stem is listed only once and that no numbers are skipped, even if it means that some stems have no leaves. The leaves are listed in increasing order in a row to the right of each stem.
It is important to note that when there is a repeated number in the data (such as two 72s) then the plot must reflect such (so the plot would look like 7 | 2 2 5 6 7 when it has the numbers 72 72 75 76 77).
Stem Leaf 4 4 6 7 9 5 6 3 4 6 8 8 7 2 2 5 6 8 1 4 8 9 10 6 {\displaystyle {\begin{array}{r|l}{\text{Stem}}&{\text{Leaf}}\\\hline 4&4~6~7~9\\5&\\6&3~4~6~8~8\\7&2~2~5~6\\8&1~4~8\\9&\\10&6\end{array}}}
Key: 6 ∣ 3 = 63 {\displaystyle 6\mid 3=63}
Leaf unit: 1.0
Stem unit: 10.0
Rounding may be needed to create a stem-and-leaf display. Based on the following set of data, the stem plot below would be created:
-23.678758, -12.45, -3.4, 4.43, 5.5, 5.678, 16.87, 24.7, 56.8
For negative numbers, a negative is placed in front of the stem unit, which is still the value X / 10. Non-integers are rounded. This allowed the stem and leaf plot to retain its shape, even for more complicated data sets. As in this example below:
Stem Leaf − 2 4 − 1 2 − 0 3 0 4 6 6 1 7 2 5 3 4 5 7 {\displaystyle {\begin{array}{r|l}{\text{Stem}}&{\text{Leaf}}\\\hline -2&4\\-1&2\\-0&3\\0&4~6~6\\1&7\\2&5\\3&\\4&\\5&7\end{array}}}
Key: − 2 ∣ 4 = − 24 {\displaystyle -2\mid 4=-24}
Usage[edit]
Stem-and-leaf displays are useful for displaying the relative density and shape of the data, giving the reader a quick overview of distribution. They retain (most of) the raw numerical data, often with perfect integrity. They are also useful for highlighting outliers and finding the mode. However, stem-and-leaf displays are only useful for moderately sized data sets (around 15-150 data points). With very small data sets a stem-and-leaf displays can be of little use, as a reasonable number of data points are required to establish definitive distribution properties. A dot plot may be better suited for such data. With very large data sets, a stem-and-leaf display will become very cluttered, since each data point must be represented numerically. A box plot or histogram may become more appropriate as the data size increase
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Tukey, John W. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis (1 ed.). Pearson. ISBN 0-201-07616-0.
Jump up ^ For example, MATLAB's and Matplotlib's stem functions, do not create a stem-and-leaf display.
References[edit]
Wild, C. and Seber, G. (2000) Chance Encounters: A First Course in Data Analysis and Inference pp. 49–54 John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 0-471-32936-3
Elliott, Jane; Catherine Marsh (2008). Exploring Data: An Introduction to Data Analysis for Social Scientists (2nd ed.). Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-2282-8.
[hide]
v
t
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Statistics
Outline
Index
[hide]
Descriptive statistics
Continuous data
Center
Mean
arithmetic
geometric
harmonic
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Dispersion
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Percentile
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Graphics
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Stem-and-leaf display
Radar chart
[show]
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control
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location
scale
shape
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Bayesian inference
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prior
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Partition of variance
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[show]
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Categorical
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partial (PACF)
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ARMA model
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Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
Vector autoregression (VAR)
Frequency domain
Spectral density estimation
Fourier analysis
Wavelet
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Survival function
Kaplan–Meier estimator (product limit)
Proportional hazards models
Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
First hitting time
Hazard function
Nelson–Aalen estimator
Test
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[show]
Applications
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text:
The Hunt for Red October
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the 1984 novel. For the film of the same name, see The Hunt for Red October (film). For other uses, see The Hunt for Red October (disambiguation).
The Hunt for Red October
First edition
Author
Tom Clancy
Country
United States
Language
English
Series
Jack Ryan universe
Genre
Techno-thriller, Spy fiction
Publisher
Naval Institute Press
Publication date
1984 (1st edition)
Media type
Print (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages
387 p. (first, hardback edition)
ISBN
0-87021-285-0 (first, hardback edition)
OCLC
11044981
Dewey Decimal
813/.54 19
LC Class
PS3553.L245 H8 1984
Preceded by
Red Rabbit (chronologically)
Followed by
The Cardinal of the Kremlin (chronologically)
The Hunt for Red October is Tom Clancy's 1984 debut novel. The story follows a CIA analyst who leads a group of US Navy officers to take possession of a cutting-edge Soviet nuclear submarine from 26 defecting Soviet officers, and the intertwined adventures of Soviet submarine captain Marko Aleksandrovich Ramius and Jack Ryan, a Marine turned CIA analyst. It was loosely inspired by the mutiny on the Soviet frigate Storozhevoy in 1975.[1]
The novel was originally published by the U.S. Naval Institute Press—the first fictional work it ever published, and still its most successful.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Influence on later Clancy books
3 Adaptations
3.1 Film
3.2 Games
4 Reception
5 Publication history
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
During the Cold War, Marko Alexandrovich Ramius, a Lithuanian submarine commander in the Soviet Navy, intends to defect to the United States with his officers on board the experimental nuclear submarine Red October, a Typhoon-class vessel equipped with a revolutionary stealth propulsion system that makes audio detection by passive sonar extremely difficult. The result is a strategic weapon platform that is capable of sneaking its way into American waters and launching nuclear missiles with little or no warning.
The strategic value of Red October was not lost upon Ramius, but other factors have spurred his decision to defect. His wife, Natalia, died at the hands of a doctor who was incompetent and intoxicated; however, the doctor escaped punishment because he was the son of a Politburo member. Natalia's untimely death, combined with Ramius's long-standing dissatisfaction with the callousness of Soviet rule and his fear of Red October's destabilizing effect on world affairs, exhausts his tolerance for the failings of the Soviet system.
As the ship leaves the shipyard at Polyarny, Ramius kills Ivan Putin, his political officer, to ensure that Putin will not interfere with the defection. Before sailing, Ramius had sent a letter to Admiral Yuri Padorin, Natalia's uncle, brazenly stating his intention to defect. The Soviet Northern Fleet therefore sails out to sink Red October under the pretext of a search and rescue mission. Meanwhile, Jack Ryan, a high-level CIA analyst and a former Marine, flies from London to Langley, Virginia, to deliver MI6's photographs of Red October to the Deputy Director of Intelligence. Ryan consults a friend at the U.S. Naval Academy, ex-submariner Skip Tyler, and finds out that Red October's new construction variations house its stealth drive.
Red October passes near USS Dallas, a Los Angeles class submarine under the command of Cmdr. Bart Mancuso, which is patrolling the entrance of a route used by Soviet submarines in the Reykjanes Ridge off Iceland. Dallas hears the sound of the stealth drive but does not identify it as a submarine. Putting information about Ramius's letter together with the subsequent launch of the entire Northern Fleet, Ryan deduces Ramius's plans. The U.S. military reluctantly agrees, while planning for contingencies in case the Soviet fleet has intentions other than those inferred. As tensions rise between the U.S. and Soviet fleets, the crew of Dallas analyzes sonar tapes of Red October and finally realizes that it is the sound of a new propulsion system. Ryan must contact Ramius to prevent the loss of the submarine and her revolutionary technology. After it is revealed that Ramius has informed Moscow of his plan for him and his officers to defect, Ryan becomes responsible for shepherding Ramius and his vessel away from the pursuing Soviet fleet, and meets with an old Royal Navy acquaintance, Admiral White, commanding a task force from the aircraft carrier HMS Invincible.
In order to convince the Soviets that Red October has been destroyed, the U.S. Navy rescues her crew after Ramius fakes a reactor meltdown. Ramius and his officers stay behind, claiming they are about to scuttle the submarine to prevent it getting into the hands of the Americans. A decommissioned U.S. ballistic missile submarine, the USS Ethan Allen, is blown up underwater as a deception. A depth gauge taken from the main instrument panel of Red October (with the appropriate serial number) is made to appear as if it had been salvaged from the wreckage. Meanwhile, Ryan, Captain Mancuso, some of his crew, and Owen Williams (a Russian-speaking British officer from Invincible) board Red October and meet Ramius face-to-face.
The deception efforts succeed in convincing Soviet observers that Red October has been lost. However, GRU intelligence officer Igor Loginov, masquerading as Red October's cook, is aware of what Ramius is doing and attempts to ignite a missile's rocket motor inside a launch tube so as to destroy Red October. Loginov opens fire with his weapon, killing Captain Lieutenant Kamarov (the ship's navigator) and seriously wounding Ramius and Williams. Ryan attempts to persuade the fiercely patriotic Loginov to surrender rather than die in the explosion, but Loginov refuses. Ryan manages to kill Loginov in the submarine's missile compartment.
Captain Viktor Tupolov, a former student of Ramius and commander of the Soviet Alfa-class attack submarine V. K. Konovalov, has been trailing what he initially believes is an Ohio-class vessel. Based on acoustic information, Tupolev realizes that it is Red October, and proceeds to pursue and engage it. The two U.S. submarines escorting Red October are prevented from firing by rules of engagement, and Red October is damaged by a torpedo from the Alfa. After a tense standoff, Red October rams Konovalov broadside and sinks it.
The Americans escort Red October safely into dry dock in Norfolk, Virginia, where Ramius and his crew are taken to a CIA safehouse to begin their Americanization. Ryan is commended by his superiors and flies back to his posting in London.
Influence on later Clancy books[edit]
The Hunt for Red October was the start of a loosely connected series by Tom Clancy which shared a rough continuity. Many of the characters in the novel, particularly Jack Ryan, went on to be the central characters of many of Clancy's later novels. The ultimate fate of Red October is explained in the Clancy novel The Cardinal of the Kremlin, where it is revealed that the vessel was reverse engineered and stripped of all technology. Red October was then sunk in a deep ocean trench off Puerto Rico to avoid discovery. Both Ryan and Ramius are on hand to see the submarine off for the last time, and Ramius sentimentally comments, "He was a good ship."
Adaptations[edit]
Film[edit]
Main article: The Hunt for Red October (film)
The novel was made into a commercially successful movie in 1990, starring:
Alec Baldwin as Jack Ryan
Sean Connery as Marko Ramius
James Earl Jones as Adm. James Greer
Scott Glenn as Cdr. Bart Mancuso
Sam Neill as Captain 2nd Rank Vasily Borodin
Jeffrey Jones as Skip Tyler
Fred Dalton Thompson as Rear Adm. Joshua Painter
There were several differences between the novel and the film, including Red October traveling up the Penobscot River in Maine to dry dock, and the prominence of the Royal Navy, including light aircraft carrier HMS Invincible. The order of many events also has been changed. In the film version, the "caterpillar drive" is described as a magnetohydrodynamic drive system, essentially, "a jet engine for the water".
Games[edit]
Main articles: The Hunt for Red October (1987 video game), The Hunt for Red October (console game), and The Hunt for Red October (1990 video game)
The novel also served as the basis for several computer and video games, as well as some board games.
The Hunt for Red October wargame, published in 1988 by TSR, Inc. became one of the bestselling wargames of all time.[2]
In late 2015, River Horse announced it had acquired the rights and intented to crowdfund another game based on the intellectual property.[3][4] The 2017 Indiegogo launch failed.[5] The fate of the project is unknown as of late 2017.
Reception[edit]
The Hunt for Red October sold very well and launched Clancy's successful career as a novelist. President Ronald Reagan helped to fuel the success of The Hunt for Red October when he announced that he enjoyed the book at a televised press conference, calling it "unputdown-able" and a "perfect yarn."[6][7]
Publication history[edit]
The hardback edition of The Hunt for Red October is the first novel published by the Naval Institute Press. Clancy had not been able to place the novel with any traditional publishers, but had a good relationship with the Press from writing articles in their Proceedings of the Naval Institute. To his surprise the Press accepted the manuscript and sent a small advance. After receiving unexpected praise from President Ronald Reagan, the book became a bestseller. Clancy's later books were published by Penguin Putnam.
The paperback edition was the first in a string of successful publications of technothrillers by Berkley Books.[8]
In 1988 it was published in French as Octobre Rouge, translated by Marianne Véron and with the collaboration of Jean Sabbagh.
See also[edit]
Novels portal
Jonas Pleškys
Valery Sablin
Crazy Ivan
Red October (submarine)
Soviet frigate Storozhevoy
United States Naval Institute v. Charter Communications, Inc.
Simas Kudirka
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hagberg, David; Gindin, Boris (2008). Mutiny: The True Events That Inspired The Hunt For Red October. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-7653-1350-8.
Jump up ^ "The History of TSR". Wizards of the Coast. Archived from the original on 2008-10-04. Retrieved 2005-08-20.
Jump up ^ "brennon", River Horse snap up rights to Hunt for Red October, November 5, 2015
Jump up ^ http://riverhorse.eu/our-games/the-hunt-for-red-october/
Jump up ^ https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/the-hunt-for-red-october--2#/
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 9, 2004. Retrieved 2005-11-27. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "VIRTUOUS MEN AND PERFECT WEAPONS". nytimes.com. 27 July 1986.
Jump up ^ McDowell, Edwin (May 13, 1988). "Book notes". New York Times. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
External links[edit]
Mansionbooks.com, photos of the first edition of The Hunt for Red October
[show]
v
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Works by Tom Clancy
Jack Ryan novels
The Hunt for Red October (1984)
Patriot Games (1987)
The Cardinal of the Kremlin (1988)
Clear and Present Danger (1989)
The Sum of All Fears (1991)
Without Remorse (1993)
Debt of Honor (1994)
Executive Orders (1996)
Rainbow Six (1998)
The Bear and the Dragon (2000)
Red Rabbit (2002)
The Teeth of the Tiger (2003)
Dead or Alive (2010)
Locked On (2011)
Threat Vector (2012)
Command Authority (2013)
Other novels
Red Storm Rising (1986)
SSN (1996)
Against All Enemies (2011)
Search and Destroy (2012, publication cancelled)
Non-fiction
Submarine (1993)
Armored Cavalry (1994)
Fighter Wing (1995)
Marine (1996)
Into the Storm (1997)
Airborne (1997)
Carrier (1999)
Every Man a Tiger (1999)
Special Forces (2001)
Shadow Warriors (2002)
Battle Ready (2004)
[show]
v
t
e
Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan fictional universe
Novels
The Hunt for Red October (1984)
Patriot Games (1987)
The Cardinal of the Kremlin (1988)
Clear and Present Danger (1989)
The Sum of All Fears (1991)
Without Remorse (1993)
Debt of Honor (1994)
Executive Orders (1996)
Rainbow Six (1998)
The Bear and the Dragon (2000)
Red Rabbit (2002)
The Teeth of the Tiger (2003)
Dead or Alive (2010)
Locked On (2011)
Threat Vector (2012)
Command Authority (2013)
Support and Defend by Mark Greaney (2014)
Full Force and Effect by Mark Greaney (2014)
Under Fire by Grant Blackwood (2015)
Commander in Chief by Mark Greaney (2015)
Duty and Honor by Grant Blackwood (2016)
Films
The Hunt for Red October (1990)
Patriot Games (1992)
Clear and Present Danger (1994)
The Sum of All Fears (2002)
Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014)
Characters
Jack Ryan
John Clark
Domingo Chavez
Robby Jackson
Ed Kealty
Video games
The Hunt for Red October (1987)
The Hunt for Red October (1990, Amiga)
The Hunt for Red October (1991, NES)
The Sum of All Fears (2002)
See also
Red October (submarine)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Hunt_for_Red_October&oldid=801151411"
Categories:
1984 American novels
American novels adapted into films
American thriller novels
Techno-thriller novels
Cold War novels
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Novels about submarine warfare
Novels by Tom Clancy
Ryanverse
United States Navy in films
Defection in fiction
Novels adapted into video games
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