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The Grapes of Wrath (film)
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For the 1990 Broadway play, see The Grapes of Wrath (play).
The Grapes of Wrath
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
John Ford
Produced by
Darryl F. Zanuck
Nunnally Johnson
Screenplay by
Nunnally Johnson
Based on
The Grapes of Wrath
by John Steinbeck
Starring
Henry Fonda
Jane Darwell
John Carradine
Shirley Mills
John Qualen
Eddie Quillan
Music by
Alfred Newman
Cinematography
Gregg Toland
Edited by
Robert L. Simpson
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
January 24, 1940 (1940-01-24) (United States)
Running time
129 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$800,000[1]
Box office
$2.5 million (rentals)[2]
The Grapes of Wrath is a 1940 drama film directed by John Ford. It was based on John Steinbeck's 1939 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name. The screenplay was written by Nunnally Johnson and the executive producer was Darryl F. Zanuck.[3]
The film tells the story of the Joads, an Oklahoma family, who, after losing their farm during the Great Depression in the 1930s, become migrant workers and end up in California. The motion picture details their arduous journey across the United States as they travel to California in search of work and opportunities for the family members.
The film is widely considered as one of the greatest American films of all time. In 1989, this film was one of the first 25 films to be selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant."
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Novel
4 Differences from the novel
5 Soundtrack
6 Production
7 Reception
7.1 Critical response
7.2 Awards
8 Video and DVD
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Plot[edit]
The film opens with Tom Joad (Henry Fonda), released from prison and hitchhiking his way back to his parents' family farm in Oklahoma. Tom finds an itinerant ex-preacher named Jim Casy (John Carradine) sitting under a tree by the side of the road. Casy was the preacher who baptized Tom, but now Casy has "lost the spirit" and his faith. Casy goes with Tom to the Joad property only to find it deserted. There, they meet Muley Graves (John Qualen) who is hiding out. In a flashback, he describes how farmers all over the area were forced from their farms by the deed holders of the land. A local boy (Irving Bacon), hired for the purpose, is shown knocking down Muley's house with a Caterpillar tractor. The large Joad family of twelve leaves at daybreak, along with Casy, who decides to accompany them. They pack everything into a dilapidated 1926 Hudson "Super Six" sedan adapted to serve as a truck in order to make the long journey to the promised land of California.
The trip along Highway 66 is arduous, and it soon takes a toll on the Joad family. The elderly Grandpa (Charley Grapewin) dies along the way. Tom writes the circumstances surrounding the death on a page from the family Bible and places it on the body before they bury it so that if his remains were found, his death would not be investigated as a possible homicide. They park in a camp and meet a man, a migrant returning from California, who laughs at Pa's optimism about conditions in California. He speaks bitterly about his experiences in the West.
The family arrives at the first transient migrant campground for workers and finds the camp is crowded with other starving, jobless and desperate travelers. Their truck slowly makes its way through the dirt road between the shanty houses and around the camp's hungry-faced inhabitants. Tom says, "Sure don't look none too prosperous."
After some trouble with a so-called "agitator", the Joads leave the camp in a hurry. The Joads make their way to another migrant camp, the Keene Ranch. After doing some work in the fields, they discover the high food prices in the company store for meat and other products. The store is the only one in the area, by a long shot. Later they find a group of migrant workers are striking, and Tom wants to find out all about it. He goes to a secret meeting in the dark woods. When the meeting is discovered, Casy is killed by one of the camp guards. As Tom tries to defend Casy from the attack, he inadvertently kills the guard.
Tom suffers a serious wound on his cheek, and the camp guards realize it will not be difficult to identify him. That evening the family hides Tom under the mattresses of the truck just as guards arrive to question them; they are searching for the man who killed the guard. Tom avoids being spotted and the family leaves the Keene Ranch without further incident. After driving for a while, they have to stop at the top of a hill when the engine overheats due to a broken fan belt; they have little gas, but decide to try coasting down the hill to some lights. The lights are from a third type of camp: Farmworkers' Wheat Patch Camp (Weedpatch in the book), a clean camp run by the Department of Agriculture, complete with indoor toilets and showers, which the Joad children had never seen before.
Tom is moved to work for change by what he has witnessed in the various camps. He tells his family that he plans to carry on Casy's mission in the world by fighting for social reform. He leaves to seek a new world and to join the movement committed to social justice.
Tom Joad says:
I'll be all around in the dark. I'll be everywhere. Wherever you can look, wherever there's a fight, so hungry people can eat, I'll be there. Wherever there's a cop beatin' up a guy, I'll be there. I'll be in the way guys yell when they're mad. I'll be in the way kids laugh when they're hungry and they know supper's ready, and when the people are eatin' the stuff they raise and livin' in the houses they build, I'll be there, too.
As the family moves on again, they discuss the fear and difficulties they have had. Ma Joad concludes the film, saying:
I ain't never gonna be scared no more. I was, though. For a while it looked as though we was beat. Good and beat. Looked like we didn't have nobody in the whole wide world but enemies. Like nobody was friendly no more. Made me feel kinda bad and scared too, like we was lost and nobody cared.... Rich fellas come up and they die, and their kids ain't no good and they die out, but we keep a-coming. We're the people that live. They can't wipe us out, they can't lick us. We'll go on forever, Pa, cos we're the people.
Cast[edit]
Henry Fonda as Tom Joad
Henry Fonda as Tom Joad
Jane Darwell as Ma Joad
John Carradine as Jim Casy
Charley Grapewin as William James "Grandpa" Joad
Dorris Bowdon as Rosasharn
Russell Simpson as Pa Joad
O. Z. Whitehead as Al Joad
John Qualen as Muley Graves
Eddie Quillan as Connie Rivers
Zeffie Tilbury as Grandma Joad
Frank Sully as Noah Joad
Frank Darien as Uncle John
Darryl Hickman as Winfield Joad
Shirley Mills as Ruth "Ruthie" Joad
Roger Imhof as Thomas
Grant Mitchell as Caretaker
Charles D. Brown as Wilkie
John Arledge as Davis
Ward Bond as Policeman
Harry Tyler as Bert
William Pawley as Bill
Charles Tannen as Joe
Selmer Jackson as Inspection Officer
Charles Middleton as Leader
Eddie Waller as Proprietor
Paul Guilfoyle as Floyd
David Hughes as Frank
Cliff Clark as City Man
Joseph Sawyer as Bookkeeper
Frank Faylen as Tim
Adrian Morris as Agent
Hollis Jewell as Muley's Son
Robert Homans as Spencer
Irving Bacon as Driver
Kitty McHugh as Mae
Tom Tyler as Deputy (uncredited)
Joe Bordeaux as Migrant (uncredited)
Novel[edit]
According to The New York Times, The Grapes of Wrath was the best-selling book of 1939 and 430,000 copies had been printed by February 1940.[4] In that month it won the National Book Award, favorite fiction book of 1939, voted by members of the American Booksellers Association.[4] Soon it won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.[5]
In 1962, the Nobel Prize committee cited The Grapes of Wrath as a "great work" and as one of the committee's main reasons for granting Steinbeck the Nobel Prize for Literature.[6] Time magazine included the novel in its "TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005".[7] In 2009, The Daily Telegraph also included the novel in its "100 novels everyone should read".[8] In 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Grapes of Wrath tenth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.
Differences from the novel[edit]
The first part of the film follows the book fairly closely. However, the second half and the ending in particular are significantly different from the book. While the book ends with the downfall and break-up of the Joad family, the film switches the order of sequences so that the family ends up in a "good" camp provided by the government, and events turn out relatively well.[9]
The novel's original ending was considered far too controversial to be included in the film.[citation needed] In the novel, Rose-of-Sharon ("Rosasharn") Rivers (played in the film by Dorris Bowdon) gives birth to a stillborn baby. Later she offers her milk-filled breasts to a starving man, dying in a barn. These scenes were not included in the film.
While the film is somewhat stark, it has a more optimistic and hopeful view than the novel, especially when the Joads land at the Department of Agriculture camp – the clean camp.[citation needed] Also, the producers decided to tone down Steinbeck's political references, such as eliminating a monologue using a land owner's description of "reds" as anybody "that wants thirty cents an hour when we're payin' twenty-five," to show that under the prevalent conditions that definition applies to every migrant worker looking for better wages.
The film emphasizes Ma Joad's pragmatic, forward-looking way of dealing with their situation despite Tom's departure, as it concludes with her spiritual "We're the people" speech.[citation needed][10]
Ivy and Sairy Wilson, who attend to Grandpa's death and travel with the Joads until they reach California, are left out of the movie. Noah's departure from the family is passed over in the movie. Instead, he simply disappears without explanation. In the book, Floyd tells Tom about how the workers were being exploited, but in the movie he does not appear until after the deputy arrives in Hooverville. Sandry, the religious fanatic who scares Rose of Sharon, is left out of the movie.
Vivian Sobchack argued that the film uses visual imagery to focus on the Joads as a family unit, whereas the novel focuses on their journey as a part of the "family of man". She points out that their farm is never shown in detail, and that the family members are never shown working in agriculture; not a single peach is shown in the entire film. This subtly serves to focus the film on the specific family, as opposed to the novel's focus on man and land together.[11]
In the film, most family members are either reduced, such as Al, Noah and Uncle John, to background characters or, like Rose of Sharon and Connie, to being the focus of only one or two relatively minor scenes. Instead, the film is largely concerned with Tom, Ma and, to a lesser extent, Jim Casy. Thus, despite the film's focus on the Joads as a specific family rather than a part of the "family of man", the movie explores very little of the members of the family itself.
Soundtrack[edit]
Henry Fonda – "Red River Valley"
Eddie Quillan – "Going Down the Road Feeling Bad" (Traditional)
"A Tisket, A Tasket" (Words & music by Ella Fitzgerald & Van Alexander)
Production[edit]
According to critic Roger Ebert, both executive producer Darryl F. Zanuck and director John Ford were odd choices to make this film because both were considered politically conservative.[12] Zanuck was nervous about the left-wing political views of the novel, especially the ending. Due to the red-baiting common to the era, Darryl Zanuck sent private investigators to Oklahoma to help him legitimize the film.
When Zanuck's investigators found that the "Okies'" predicament was indeed terrible, Zanuck was confident he could defend political attacks that the film was somehow pro-Communist.[13] Ebert believes that World War II also helped sell the film's message, as Communism received a brief respite from American demonizing during that period.[12]
Production on the film began on October 4, 1939, and was completed on November 16, 1939. Some of the filming locations include: McAlester, Sayre both in Oklahoma; Gallup, Laguna Pueblo, and Santa Rosa, all in New Mexico; Lamont, Needles, San Fernando Valley, all in California; Topock, Petrified Forest National Park, all in Arizona.[14]
The film score by Alfred Newman is based on the song "Red River Valley". Additionally, the song "Goin' Down The Road Feelin' Bad" is sung in a nighttime scene at a labor camp.
The film premiered in New York City on January 24, 1940, and Los Angeles on January 27, 1940. The wide release date in the United States was March 15, 1940.
Originally allowed to be shown in the Soviet Union in 1948 because of its depiction of the plight of people under capitalism, it was subsequently withdrawn because audiences were noticing that, as shown in the film, even the poorest Americans could afford a car.[15]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Frank Nugent of The New York Times wrote:
In the vast library where the celluloid literature of the screen is stored there is one small, uncrowded shelf devoted to the cinema's masterworks, to those films which by dignity of theme and excellence of treatment seem to be of enduring artistry, seem destined to be recalled not merely at the end of their particular year but whenever great motion pictures are mentioned. To that shelf of screen classics Twentieth Century-Fox yesterday added its version of John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath, adapted by Nunnally Johnson, directed by John Ford and performed at the Rivoli by a cast of such uniform excellence and suitability that we should be doing its other members an injustice by saying it was "headed" by Henry Fonda, Jane Darwell, John Carradine and Russell Simpson.[16]
When critic Bosley Crowther retired in 1967, he named The Grapes of Wrath one of the best fifty films ever made. (N.B.: 40 percent of the works Crowther named were not American-made, so he was placing this work in a large context.)[17]
In a film review written for Time magazine by its editor Whittaker Chambers, he separated his views of Steinbeck's novel from Ford's film, which he liked.
Chambers wrote:
But people who go to pictures for the sake of seeing pictures will see a great one. For The Grapes of Wrath is possibly the best picture ever made from a so-so book...Camera craft purged the picture of the editorial rash that blotched the Steinbeck book. Cleared of excrescences, the residue is a great human story which made thousands of people, who damned the novel's phony conclusions, read it. It is the saga of an authentic U.S. farming family who lose their land. They wander, they suffer, but they endure. They are never quite defeated, and their survival is itself a triumph.[18]
A review in Variety reported, "Here is outstanding entertainment, projected against a heart-rending sector of the American scene," concluding, "It possesses an adult viewpoint and its success may lead other producers to explore the rich field of contemporary life which films long have neglected and ignored."[19] John Mosher wrote in The New Yorker, "With a majesty never before so constantly sustained on any screen, the film never for an instant falters. Its beauty is of the sort found in the art of Burchfield, Benton and Curry, as the landscape and people involved belong to the world of these painters."[20]
The Film Daily year-end poll of 546 critics nationwide ranked The Grapes of Wrath as the second-best film of 1940, behind only Rebecca.[21]
Awards[edit]
Academy Awards wins (1941)[22]
Best Supporting Actress, Jane Darwell as Ma Joad.
Best Director, John Ford.
Academy Awards nominations (1941)
Best Actor in a Leading Role, Henry Fonda as Tom Joad.
Best Film Editing, Robert L. Simpson.
Best Picture, Darryl F. Zanuck and Nunnally Johnson.
Best Sound Recording, Edmund H. Hansen.
Best Writing Adapted Screenplay, Nunnally Johnson.
Other wins
National Board of Review of Motion Pictures: NBR Award; Best Picture- 1940.
New York Film Critics: NYFCC Award; Best Director, John Ford; Best Film- 1940.
Blue Ribbon Awards, Japan: Blue Ribbon Award Best Foreign Language Film, John Ford- 1963.
National Film Registry – 1989.
American Film Institute recognition
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies – #21
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains:
Tom Joad – #12 Hero
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes:
"Wherever there's a fight so hungry people can eat, I'll be there." – Nominated
100 Years...100 Cheers – #7
100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary) – #23
Video and DVD[edit]
Play media
The film's trailer
A video of the film was released in 1988 by Key Video (then a division of CBS/Fox).
Later it was released in video format on March 3, 1998 by 20th Century Fox on its Studio Classic series.
A DVD was released on April 6, 2004 by 20th Century Fox Entertainment. The DVD contains a special commentary track by scholars Joseph McBride and Susan Shillinglaw. It also includes various supplements: an A&E Network biography of Daryl F. Zanuck, outtakes, a gallery, Franklin D. Roosevelt lauds motion pictures at Academy featurette, Movietone news: three drought reports from 1934, etc.
See also[edit]
List of films with a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, a film review aggregator website
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Solomon, Aubrey (1989). Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, p. 240, ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1.
Jump up ^ Solomon, Aubrey (1989). Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, p. 218, ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1.
Jump up ^ The Grapes of Wrath on IMDb.
^ Jump up to: a b "1939 Book Awards Given by Critics: Elgin Groseclose's 'Ararat' is Picked as Work Which Failed to Get Due Recognition", The New York Times, February 14, 1940, page 25. ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851–2007).
Jump up ^ "Novel" (Winners 1917–1947). The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Osterling, Anders. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1962 – Presentation Speech". Retrieved February 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ "All Time 100 Novels". Time. October 16, 2005. Retrieved May 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "100 novels everyone should read". The Daily Telegraph. January 16, 2009. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Grapes of Wrath". Movie. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Steinbeck, John. The Grapes of Wrath, 1939. Penguin Classics; Reissue edition October 1, 1992.
Jump up ^ Sobchack, Vivian C. (1979). "The Grapes of Wrath (1940): Thematic Emphasis Through Visual Style". American Quarterly. The Johns Hopkins University Press. 31 (5): 596–615. doi:10.2307/2712428. JSTOR 2712428.
^ Jump up to: a b Ebert, Roger. Chicago Sun-Times, film review, March 21, 2002. Last accessed: January 14, 2007.
Jump up ^ Levy, Emanuel. "Film Review". Archived from the original on 11 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Filming locations. The Grapes of Wrath on IMDb.
Jump up ^ Whitfield, Stephen J. (2009). "Projecting Politics: The Grapes of Wrath". Revue LISA/LISA e-journal. VII (1): 121–147.
Jump up ^ Nugent, Frank S. The Grapes of Wrath (1940). The New York TimesJanuary 25, 1940. Last accessed: November 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Crowther, Bosley. "The 50 Best Films of All Time" at the Wayback Machine (archived November 2, 2007). The New York Times, archived at Northern Essex Community College.
Jump up ^ Chambers, Whittaker (February 12, 1940). "Cinema: The New Pictures". Time. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Grapes of Wrath". Variety. New York: Variety, Inc. January 31, 1940. p. 14.
Jump up ^ Mosher, John (February 3, 1940). "The Current Cinema". The New Yorker. New York: F-R Publishing Corp. p. 61.
Jump up ^ "'Rebecca' Wins Critics' Poll". Film Daily. New York: Wid's Films and Film Folk, Inc.: 1 January 14, 1941.
Jump up ^ "The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved 2011-08-13.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Grapes of Wrath (film).
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Grapes of Wrath (film)
The Grapes of Wrath at the American Film Institute Catalog
The Grapes of Wrath on IMDb
The Grapes of Wrath at AllMovie
The Grapes of Wrath at the TCM Movie Database
The Grapes of Wrath at Rotten Tomatoes
The Grapes of Wrath at Film Site by Tim Dirks
The Grapes of Wrath video film review on YouTube by A. O. Scott (The New York Times)
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Pilgrimage (1933)
Doctor Bull (1933)
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The Informer (1935)
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The Plough and the Stars (1936)
Wee Willie Winkie (1937)
The Hurricane (1937)
Four Men and a Prayer (1938)
Submarine Patrol (1938)
Stagecoach (1939)
Young Mr. Lincoln (1939)
Drums Along the Mohawk (1939)
The Grapes of Wrath (1940)
The Long Voyage Home (1940)
Tobacco Road (1941)
How Green Was My Valley (1941)
They Were Expendable (1945)
My Darling Clementine (1946)
The Fugitive (1947)
Fort Apache (1948)
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When Willie Comes Marching Home (1950)
Wagon Master (1950)
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Mister Roberts (co-d, 1955)
The Searchers (1956)
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The Horse Soldiers (1959)
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7 Women (1966)
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John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath (1939)
Characters
Tom Joad
Jim Casy
Grandpa William James Joad
Ruthie Joad
Connie Rivers
Muley Graves
Performances
The Grapes of Wrath (1940 film)
The Grapes of Wrath (1988 play)
The Grapes of Wrath (2007 opera)
Music
"The Ghost of Tom Joad"
Dust Bowl Ballads ("Tom Joad"
"Do Re Mi")
"Pastures of Plenty"
Dust and Dreams
Related
Great Depression
Dust Bowl
Blue Willow
"Over Logging"
"The Battle Hymn of the Republic"
[show]
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Works by John Steinbeck
Novels and
novellas
Cup of Gold (1929)
The Red Pony (1933)
To a God Unknown (1933)
Tortilla Flat (1935)
In Dubious Battle (1936)
Of Mice and Men (1937)
The Grapes of Wrath (1939)
The Moon Is Down (1942)
Cannery Row (1945)
The Wayward Bus (1947)
The Pearl (1947)
Burning Bright (1950)
East of Eden (1952)
Sweet Thursday (1954)
The Short Reign of Pippin IV: A Fabrication (1957)
The Winter of Our Discontent (1961)
The Acts of King Arthur and His Noble Knights (1976)
Short story
collections
The Pastures of Heaven (1932)
The Long Valley (1938)
Screenplays
The Forgotten Village (1941)
The Pearl (1947)
The Red Pony (1949)
Viva Zapata! (1952)
Adaptations
Of Mice and Men
Of Mice and Men (1937 play)
Of Mice and Men (1939 film)
Of Mice and Men (1969 opera)
Of Mice and Men (1992 film)
Best Laid Plans (2012 film)
The Grapes of Wrath
The Grapes of Wrath (1940 film)
The Grapes of Wrath (1988 play)
The Grapes of Wrath (2007 opera)
The Red Pony
The Red Pony (1949 film)
The Red Pony (1949 film score)
The Red Pony (1973 film)
Other
Tortilla Flat (1942 film)
The Moon Is Down (1943 film)
La perla (The Pearl) (1947 film)
East of Eden (1955 film)
The Wayward Bus (1957 film)
East of Eden (1981 miniseries)
Cannery Row (1982 film)
The Winter of Our Discontent (1983 film)
In Dubious Battle (2016 film)
Non-fiction
Sea of Cortez: A Leisurely Journal of Travel and Research (1941)
Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team (1942)
A Russian Journal (1948)
The Log from the Sea of Cortez (1951)
Once There Was a War (1958)
Travels with Charley (1962)
America and Americans (1966)
Journal of a Novel: The East of Eden Letters (1969)
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Darryl F. Zanuck
Producer
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Lancer Spy (1937)
In Old Chicago (1937)
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Salisbury steak
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Salisbury steak
Course
entrée or main
Place of origin
United States
Created by
J. H. Salisbury
Serving temperature
Hot
Main ingredients
ground beef
Ingredients generally used
various
Similar dishes
Hamburger
Cookbook: Salisbury steak Media: Salisbury steak
Part of a series on
Steak
Main articles[show]
Steak
Beefsteak
Fish steak
Pork steak
List of steak dishes
Steakhouse
Steak dishes[show]
Asado
Beef Manhattan
Beef Wellington
Boiled beef
Bulgogi
Carpetbag steak
Carne asada
Chateaubriand steak
Cheesesteak
Chicken fried steak
Bistek Tagalog
Bollito Misto
Delmonico steak
Fajita
Finger steaks
Hamburg steak
London broil
Mongolian beef
Pepper steak
Pot roast
Prawn cocktail, steak and Black Forest gateau
Roast beef
Italian beef
Salisbury steak
Sha cha beef
Shawarma
Standing rib roast
Steak and eggs
Steak and kidney pie
Steak and kidney pudding
Steak and oyster pie
Steak au poivre
Steak burger
Steak de Burgo
Steak Diane
Steak frites
Steak sandwich
Steak tartare
Suadero
Surf and turf
Swiss steak
Cuts[show]
Cuts of beef
Forequarter cuts
Hindquarter cuts
Preparation[show]
Barbecue
Braising
Meat chop
Curing (food preservation)
Frying
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Pickling
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Roasting
Salt-cured meat
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Related topics[show]
List of beef dishes
Meat on the bone
Restructured steak
Steak knife
Steak sauce
v
t
e
Salisbury steak is a dish made from a blend of ground beef and other ingredients and is usually served with gravy or brown sauce. Hamburg steak is a similar product but differs in ingredients.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Standards of identity (for packaged product)
3 Around the world
4 See also
5 References
History[edit]
The term "Salisbury steak" has been in use in the United States since 1897.[1] The dish is named after an American physician, James H. Salisbury (1823–1905).[1][2] The dish is popular in the United States, where it is traditionally served with gravy and mashed potatoes or pasta.
Standards of identity (for packaged product)[edit]
The USDA standards[3] for processed, packaged "Salisbury steak" require a minimum content of 65% meat, of which up to 25% can be pork, except if de-fatted beef or pork is used, the limit is 12% combined. No more than 30% may be fat. Meat byproducts are not permitted; however, beef heart meat is allowed. Extender (bread crumbs, flour, oat flakes, etc.) content is limited to 12%, except isolated soy protein at 6.8% is considered equivalent to 12% of the others. The remainder consists of seasonings, fungi or vegetables (onion, bell pepper, mushroom or the like), binders (can include egg) and liquids (such as water, milk, cream, skim milk, buttermilk, brine, vinegar etc.). The product must be fully cooked, or else labelled "Patties for Salisbury Steak".
The standards for hamburger[4] limit the meat to beef only, and of skeletal origin only. Salt, seasonings and vegetables in condimental proportions can be used, but liquids, binders and/or extenders preclude the use of the term "hamburger" or "burger". With these added, the product is considered "beef patties".
Products not made in USDA-inspected establishments are not bound by these standards and may be bound by other standards which vary from country to country.
Around the world[edit]
Hamburg steak is a very similar dish.
In Sweden, Pannbiff is similar to a Salisbury steak and is often made by a mix of ground pork and beef, chopped onions, salt and pepper. It is served with boiled potatoes, gravy made from cream, caramelized onions and lingonberries. It is a very traditional dish that is common in the husman cuisine.
Minced cutlet (котлета рубленая, kotleta rublenaya), or, since the late 19th century, simply "cutlet", is a staple of Russian cuisine. It is similar to a Salisbury steak, with the main difference being pure beef is rarely employed—usually pork or a beef-pork mixture is used. The meat is seasoned with salt and pepper, mixed with finely chopped onion (optionally fried), garlic, and a binder (eggs and breadcrumbs soaked in milk), divided into oval-shaped patties, lightly breaded and shallow-fried in a half-inch of vegetable oil. The similarly named Japanese dish, menchi katsu, is always deep-fried and heavily breaded, being essentially a mincemeat croquette, while the Russian version is always shallow-fried.[citation needed]
Grillsteaks are a similar product sold in the UK.[5]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hamburg steaks.
Meatloaf
Swiss steak
Rissole
Frikadeller
Tteok-galbi
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Salisbury steak". Merriam-Webster on line. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2009-01-28.
Jump up ^ Andrew F. Smith (2013). "Salisbury steak". Food and Drink in American History: A "Full Course" Encyclopedia. EBSCO ebook academic collection. ABC-CLIO. pp. 776–777. ISBN 978-1-61069-233-5.
Jump up ^ Food Standards and Labeling Policy, USDA, FSIS, September 2005, p. 165
Jump up ^ Food Standards and Labeling Policy, USDA, FSIS, September 2005, p. 67
Jump up ^ "Collins English Dictionary".
[show]
v
t
e
Beef and veal
Production
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Beef cattle
Cow-calf operation
Feeder cattle
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Organic beef
Products
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Dishes
Beefsteak
List of steak dishes
Blanquette de veau
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Beef noodle soup
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Boiled beef
Bulgogi
Calf's liver and bacon
Cheesesteak
Chicken fried steak
Cordon bleu
Dendeng
Feu
French dip
Ginger beef
Galbi
Gored gored
Gyūdon
Hamburg steak
Hortobágyi palacsinta
Iga penyet
Italian beef
Jellied veal
Karađorđeva šnicla
Kitfo
London broil
Mongolian beef
Neobiani
Ossobuco
Pot roast
Pozharsky cutlet
P'tcha
Ragout fin
Rawon
Rendang
Roast beef
Roast beef sandwich
Salisbury steak
Saltimbocca
Sha cha beef
Shooter's sandwich
Steak and kidney pudding
Steak Diane
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Steak and oyster pie
Steak au poivre
Tartare
Tafelspitz
Tongseng
Veal Milanese
Veal Orloff
Veal Oscar
Vitello tonnato
Wallenbergare
Related meats
American bison
Beefalo
Water buffalo
Żubroń
Other
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Beef hormone controversy
Beef ring
Carcass grade
Darkcutter
Meat on the bone
Ractopamine - Beef
USA beef imports
Japan
Taiwan
South Korea (2008 US beef protest in South Korea)
[show]
v
t
e
Hamburgers
Types
Angus burger
Buffalo burger
Bun kebab
Cheeseburger
Chili burger
Hamburger
Hamdog
Jucy/Juicy Lucy
Luther Burger
Naan burger
Patty melt
Rice burger
Slider
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Steak burger
Veggie burger
Brand name
Bacon Deluxe
Baconator
Big Classic
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Big N' Tasty
Burger King premium burgers
McDonald's Deluxe line
Quarter Pounder
Whopper
Overview
Cheeseburger history
History of the hamburger
History of the hamburger in the United States
List articles
List of hamburger restaurants
List of hamburgers
Related topics
Hamburg steak
Patty
Salisbury steak
Sandwich
Sloppy joe
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The Great British Bake Off (series 8)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Great British Bake Off (series 8)
Starring
Noel Fielding
Sandi Toksvig
Paul Hollywood
Prue Leith
Country of origin
United Kingdom
No. of episodes
10
Release
Original network
Channel 4
Original release
29 August (2017-08-29) – 31 October 2017 (2017-10-31)
Series chronology
← Previous
Series 7
The eighth series of The Great British Bake Off began on 29 August 2017,[1] with this being the first of The Great British Bake Off to be broadcast on Channel 4, after the production company Love Productions moved the show.[2] It is the first series for new hosts Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, and new judge Prue Leith.[3]
This series was won by Sophie Faldo, with Kate Lyon and Steven Carter-Bailey finishing as runners-up.[4][5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Bakers
2 Results summary
3 Episodes
3.1 Episode 1: Cake
3.2 Episode 2: Biscuits
3.3 Episode 3: Bread
3.4 Episode 4: Caramel
3.5 Episode 5: Pudding
3.6 Episode 6: Pastry
3.7 Episode 7: Italian
3.8 Episode 8: Forgotten Bakes
3.9 Episode 9: Pâtisserie (semi-final)
3.10 Episode 10: Final
4 Holiday specials
4.1 The Big Christmas Bake Off
4.2 The Big Festive Bake Off
5 Post-show career
6 Ratings
6.1 Specials
7 References
Bakers[edit]
Baker [6][7]
Age
Occupation
Hometown
Links
Chris Geiger 50 Software developer Bristol [8]
Flo Atkins 71 Retired Merseyside [9]
James Hillery 46 Banker Brentwood, Essex [10]
Julia Chernogorova 21 Aviation Broker Crawley, West Sussex [11]
Kate Lyon 29 Health and safety inspector Merseyside [12]
Liam Charles 19 Student North London [13]
Peter Abatan 52 IT programme manager Southend, Essex [14]
Sophie Faldo 33 Former army officer and trainee stuntwoman West Molesey, Surrey [15]
Stacey Hart 42 Former school teacher Radlett, Hertfordshire [16]
Steven Carter-Bailey 34 Marketer Watford, Hertfordshire [17]
Tom Hetherington 29 Architect Edinburgh [18]
Chuen-Yan "Yan" Tsou 46 Laboratory research scientist North London [19]
Results summary[edit]
Elimination chart
Baker
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Sophie SB SB WINNER
Kate SB Runner Up
Steven SB SB Runner Up
Stacey SB OUT
Liam SB OUT
Yan OUT
Julia SB OUT
James OUT
Tom OUT
Flo OUT
Chris OUT
Peter OUT
Colour key:
Baker was one of the judges' least favourite bakers that week, but was not eliminated.
Baker was one of the judges' favourite bakers that week, but was not the Star Baker.
Baker got through to the next round.
Baker was eliminated.
Baker was the Star Baker.
Baker was a series runner-up.
Baker was the series winner.
Episodes[edit]
Baker eliminated
Star Baker
Winner
Episode 1: Cake[edit]
For the first challenge, the bakers were instructed to make a cake using fresh fruit, with no dried fruit permitted. For the technical challenge, the bakers were instructed to make 12 chocolate mini rolls using Prue's recipe, which contains peppermint cream. The showstopper challenge required the bakers to make an illusion cake: a cake that appears to be some other object.
Baker
Signature
(Fruity cake)
Technical
(12 chocolate mini rolls)
Showstopper
(Illusion cake)
Chris Tropical Fresh Fruit Cake 12th 'Raised Pork Pie and Egg Surprise' Cake
Flo Citrus Layer Cake 9th 'One in a Melon' Cake
James Orange, Rhubarb & Ginger Crumble Cake 2nd 'Mock-accino and Croissant' Cake
Julia Courgette Lemon Cake 3rd 'Russian Doll' Cake
Kate Moroccan Strawberry and Rose Cake 1st 'Chocolate Terrarium' Cake
Liam Apple and Almond Crumble Maple Loaf 8th 'Stackin' Sunday' Cake
Peter Coconut Cake 10th 'Bread on a Breadboard' Cake
Sophie Pineapple and Coconut Sandwich Cake 5th 'Champagne Bottle and Bucket' Cake
Stacey Granny Smith Apple and Walnut Cake 11th 'Black Evening Clutch Bag' Cake
Steven Bonfire Night Cake 6th 'A Baker's Lunch' Cake
Tom Gilded Pear and Cardamom Cake 7th 'Stack of Books' Cake
Yan Windfall Apple Crumble Cake 4th 'Banana-Ramen' Cake
Episode 2: Biscuits[edit]
For the signature Challenge, the bakers were instructed to make 24 sandwich biscuits. For the technical challenge, the bakers faced a very difficult challenge of making fortune cookies of two types of flavours – one is almond and one is orange. For the final showstopper challenge, the bakers were required to make a biscuit board game that should be at least 40 cm long in diameter and has at least 8 elements.[20]
Baker
Signature
(24 sandwich biscuits)
Technical
(12 fortune cookies)
Showstopper
(biscuit board games)
Chris Chocolate Chia seed Biscuits with Whisky Caramel Filling 11th 'The Great British Sail Off' Game
Flo Gin Jam Butties 10th 'Pick My Bones' Game
James Rhubarb and Custard Whirls 3rd 'Coppit' Game
Julia Middle Eastern Delight Sandwich Biscuits 4th 'A British Baking' Game
Kate Coconut Seashells for a Titanic Afternoon Tea 8th 'Jungle' Game
Liam Coffee Malted Pecan Shorties 7th 'Classroom Classics' Game
Sophie Lemon Limoncino Sandwich Biscuits 2nd 'Snakes and Ladders' Game
Stacey Sparkly Chocolate and Marshmallow Fluff Cookies 9th 'Get to School' Game
Steven Amarpressi Biscuits 6th 'Check Bake' Game
Tom Coffee and Amaretto Kisses 5th 'Drain Pipes and Ladders' Game
Yan 'Mrs. Marian's PB 'n' B' Biscuits 1st 'Adventures in Bakeland' Game
Episode 3: Bread[edit]
The bakers were instructed to make 12 teacakes in 2 3⁄4 hours in the signature challenge. For the technical challenge, the bakers were tasked to make a cottage loaf. For the showstopper challenge, the bakers were required to make a multicoloured bread sculpture with at least three colours using natural food colouring in 4 1⁄2 hours.[21]
Baker
Signature
(12 teacakes)
Technical
(Cottage loaf)
Showstopper
(Multicoloured bread sculpture)
Flo Cinnamon and Orange Teacakes 7th 'Davy Jones' Locker' Bread Sculpture
James Nordic Teacakes 9th 'Owl in the Woods' Bread Sculpture
Julia Earl Grey Dried Fruit Teacakes 2nd 'The Snail Under a Mushroom' Bread Sculpture
Kate Blueberry Buns 10th 'Kraken' Bread Sculpture
Liam Jamaican Spiced Teacakes 5th 'Kneadapolitan' Bread Sculpture
Sophie Tagine Teacakes 6th 'Picnic Basket' Bread Sculpture
Stacey Cranberry and Cinnamon Teacakes 1st 'Ascot Hat' Bread Sculpture
Steven Madras Cocktail Teacakes 3rd 'The Bag I Knead' Bread Sculpture
Tom Orange and Cranberry Teacakes 4th 'Pink & Yellow Rose Centrepiece' Bread Sculpture
Yan 'Mrs's P's' Masala Chai Spiced Teacakes 8th 'Basil the Vegetarian Dragon with his Pumpkin Hoard' Bread Sculpture
Episode 4: Caramel[edit]
For the first signature challenge, the bakers were required to produce 18 identical millionaire shortbread bars. The technical challenge was set by Prue where the bakers were tasked to make stroopwafels. Only one test waffle was allowed, and the challenge proved to be a very difficult one for the bakers with none of them producing an adequate caramel. For the final showstopper challenge, the bakers were required to make a caramel cake consisting of at least three layers of sponge. They were required to incorporate spun sugar into their decorations.[22]
Baker
Signature
(18 millionaire shortbread)
Technical
(12 stroopwafels)
Showstopper
(Caramel cake)
James 'Windy City' Millionaire Shortbreads 2nd Nutty Caramel Cake
Julia Pecan Salted Caramel Millionaire Shortbreads 9th Poppy Seed Caramel Cake
Kate Salted Bay Caramel Millionaire Shortbreads 6th Sticky Toffee Apple Caramel Cake
Liam Salted Peanut Butter Millionaire Shortbreads 3rd White Layered Ginger Caramel Cake
Sophie Jaffa Millionaire Shortbreads 4th Bird's Nest Caramel Cake
Stacey Rum Salted Caramel Millionaire Shortbreads 1st Chocolate and Coffee Caramel Cake
Steven Orange Macadamia Nut Millionaire Shortbreads 7th Caramel Crown Cake
Tom Stem Ginger Caramel Millionaire Shortbreads 5th Hummingbird Cake
Yan 'Lil' Red's Ginger and Nuts' Millionaire Shortbreads 8th Animals of the Rainforest Caramel Cake
Episode 5: Pudding[edit]
For the signature challenge, the eight remaining bakers were required to bake a steamed school pudding with an accompaniment such as a compote or a custard. The technical challenge was set by Paul, which was 6 molten chocolate puddings with a peanut butter filling. Each baker was called one at a time so their puddings could be ready at different times for Paul and Prue to judge (starting with Julia, followed by Sophie, Liam, Steven, Yan, Kate, James and finally Stacey). For the showstopper challenge, the bakers were asked to bake an ornamental trifle terrine with three elements – a baked element, a set custard or mousse, and a jelly.[23]
Baker
Signature
(Steamed school pudding)
Technical
(6 molten chocolate puddings)
Showstopper
(Ornamental trifle terrine)
James Orange and Ginger Steamed School Pudding 7th 'The Missed Silver Jubilee' Trifle Terrine
Julia Orange & Treacle Steamed School Pudding 3rd 'Opulent Ornament' Trifle Terrine
Kate 'Mr Darcy's Steamy Lake Scene' Steamed School Pudding 8th 'My Great Great Nan's' Raspberry Trifle Terrine
Liam Cherries & Lemons that are 'Baked Well' 2nd 'Cheers Lads' Trifle Terrine
Sophie Ginger, Fig and Honey Steamed School Pudding 1st Raspberry, Yuzu & White Chocolate Bûche Trifle Terrine
Stacey Bakewell Tart Steamed School Pudding 4th Tropical Trifle Terrine
Steven Lemon & Blackcurrant Drizzle Steamed School Pudding 5th 'From Across the Jelly Pond' Trifle Terrine
Yan Mango Fruit Hat Steamed School Pudding 6th 'Heart of a Hero' Trifle Terrine
Episode 6: Pastry[edit]
In the signature challenge, the bakers were required to produce four decorative savoury pies using shortcrust pastry with different designs on the pies that share a common theme. For the technical challenge, set by Paul, the bakers were tasked to produce 12 pastéis de nata using rough puff pastry. For the final showstopper challenge, the bakers were required to produce a family-sized hand-raised pie with a savoury filling using hot water crust pastry, topped with glazed fruits.[24]
Baker
Signature
(4 Shortcrust Savoury Pies)
Technical
(12 pastéis de nata)
Showstopper
(Family-sized hand-raised pie)
Julia 'Pies from the Tree' Decorative Pies 7th 'Special Occasion' Pie
Kate 'Vegetarian Pie Faces' Decorative Pies 5th Potato Curry Pie with Mango & Chilli Glaze
Liam 'Standard FC' Decorative Pies 4th 'Nan's Sunday Dinner' Pie
Sophie 'The Four Seasons' Decorative Pies 2nd Game Pie with Glazed Forest Fruits
Stacey 'Love Theme' Decorative Pies 6th Indian Hand Raised Pie with Mango
Steven 'Fleetwood Mac' Decorative Pies 3rd Christmas Pie
Yan 'πr2' Decorative Pies 1st Chequerboard Pie
Episode 7: Italian[edit]
For the first ever Italian week in Bake Off, the bakers were required to make 18 Sicilian cannoli with three different types of fillings. This week's Italian technical challenge was set by Prue, where the bakers were tasked to make the well-known, yet tricky, pizza margherita with a thin crispy base. For the showstopper challenge, the bakers were required to make a very technically challenging and fiddly Italian bake: 24 sfogliatelle with two types of fillings in 4 1⁄2 hours.[25]
Baker
Signature
(18 cannoli)
Technical
(Pizza margherita)
Showstopper
(24 sfogliatelle)
Kate 'Happy Hour' Cocktail Cannoli 6th 'Flavour Fusion' Sfogliatelle
Liam 'Just Doing Me' Cannoli 2nd 'Morning Delivery' Sfogliatelle
Sophie 'Classics with a Twist' Cannoli 3rd 'Classics' Sfogliatelle
Stacey My All Time Favourite Desserts 4th Pastry Surprise
Steven Italian Style Cannoli 1st 'Sicilian-style' Sfogliatelle
Yan Cannoli Cocktails 5th Canadian-Style Sfogliatelle
Episode 8: Forgotten Bakes[edit]
The bakers were required to make four Bedfordshire clangers within 2 hours in the signature challenge. They must each contain a savoury filling at one end and a sweet filling at the other, and be made from suet crust pastry. In the technical challenge, set by Paul, the bakers were tasked to make a traditional Cumberland rum nicky: a large tart consisting of a sweet shortcrust pastry and a rum-soaked fruity filling covered with a lattice top, and served with a smooth rum butter. For the historic showstopper, the bakers were required to make a Victorian Savoy cake.[26]
Baker
Signature
(4 Bedfordshire Clangers)
Technical
(Cumberland Rum Nicky)
Showstopper
(Victorian Savoy Cake)
Kate Burrito Bedfordshire Clangers 2nd 'Liver Building Turret' Savoy Cake
Liam 'Take Out' Bedfordshire Clangers 5th 'Fort Wizardore' Savoy Cake
Sophie Char Siu & Banana Praline Bedfordshire Clangers 4th Citrus with Green Apple Croquembouche Savoy Cake
Stacey Camembert & Onion and Apple & Blueberry Bedfordshire Clangers 3rd 'Bright' Lemon & Orange Savoy Cake
Steven 'Mediterranean Medley' Bedfordshire Clangers 1st Chestnut Rum Savoy Cake
Episode 9: Pâtisserie (semi-final)[edit]
For the semifinal signature bakes, the bakers were asked to make 24 choux buns, in which 12 must have a crunchy craquelin on top and the other 12 must be covered with icing. The penultimate technical challenge was set by Prue, where the bakers were tasked with a very difficult job of making 9 Les Misérables slices. For the showstopper challenge before the final, the bakers were asked to make a meringue centrepiece, containing at least two different types of meringue and a dessert element, in 4 hours and 45 minutes.[27]
Baker
Signature
(24 Choux Buns)
Technical
(9 Les Misérables Slices)
Showstopper
(Meringue Centrepiece)
Kate Bellini and Valencian Orange Choux Buns 4th 'Rainbow' Meringue Centrepiece
Sophie Strawberry & Rhubarb and Chestnut & Vanilla Choux Buns 1st 'Tutu with Opera Filling' Meringue Centrepiece
Stacey 'Choux-nicorn and Choux-moji' Choux Buns 2nd 'Flamingos in Love' Meringue Centrepiece
Steven Key Lime Cheesecake and Bakewell Tart Choux Buns 3rd 'Some Air Over the Rainbow' Meringue Centrepiece
Episode 10: Final[edit]
For the signature challenge in the final, the last three bakers were tasked to make a batch of 12 small loaves. There must be three different types of loaves: four need to be intricately shaped (e.g. plaited), four need to be flavoured, and four need to be made from an alternative grain such as spelt or buckwheat. Prue set the final technical challenge and asked the bakers to make 10 ginger biscuits, half of them to be oval and half of them to be square.[28] They all need to have a great snap and be intricately iced with two complicated patterns. For the ultimate showstopper challenge, the bakers were tasked to make one large entremet. The entremet must have a minimum of five elements, one of which must be a sponge, and covered with a glaze or ganache.[29]
Baker
Signature
(12 Small Loaves)
Technical
(10 Ginger Biscuits)
Showstopper
(Large Entremet)
Kate Roman Spelt, Coconut Kala Chana and Flower Breads 3rd White Chocolate, Yuzu and Lychee Entremet
Sophie Spelt Boules, Mushroom Ciabatta and Orange Plaited Brioche 2nd 'Ode to the Honey Bee' Entremet
Steven Spelt & Rye, Toasted Garlic & Fontina and Sweet Chocolate Breads 1st 'Yin Yang' Entremet
Holiday specials[edit]
The two specials each featured four returning contestants from the series 2–7.[30]
The first special featured Selasi Gbormittah (Series 7), Val Stones (Series 7), Paul Jagger (Series 6) and Beca Lyne-Pirkis (Series 4). The competition was won by Paul Jagger.
The second special featured Benjamina Ebuehi (Series 7), Rav Bansal (Series 7), Sandy Docherty (Series 6) and Rob Billington (Series 2). The competition was won by Rav Bansal.
The Big Christmas Bake Off[edit]
For the signature challenge, the bakers were asked to create a Christmas family favourite: Yule Log. The technical challenge was set by Prue, and tasked the bakers to make 12 lattice mince pies, served with brandy butter, with very limited instructions and ingredients provided. The showstopper challenge featured the bakers creating 8 snow globe cakes using a sugar glass dome to encase an edible Christmas scene on top of an entremet.
Baker
Signature
(Yule Log)
Technical
(12 Mince Pies)
Showstopper
(8 Snow Globe Cakes)
Beca Gingerbread Latte Yule Log 3rd Macaron Snowmen Globes
Paul Nutty About Christmas Yule Log 1st Penguins At Play Snow Globes
Selasi Souche de Noel 2nd Chocolate Chestnut Wreath Globes
Val Black Forest Yule Log 4th Memory Lane Snow Globes
The Big Festive Bake Off[edit]
The bakers were required to make 6 snowy bombe Alaska tarts in the signature challenge. The technical challenge was set by Paul, where the bakers were tasked to make a pistachio Kransekake Christmas tree consisting of twelve layers of concentric rings, topped with a star. For the final showstopper challenge, the bakers were required to make a magical ice cake with elaborate sugar work that create a scene of winter wonderland.
Baker
Signature
(6 Snowy Bombe Alaska Tarts)
Technical
(Pistachio Kransekake Christmas Tree)
Showstopper
(Magical Ice Cake)
Benjamina Minty Mocha Tarts 3rd Icy the Future
Rav Frosty Ginger Bombe Tarts 1st Frozen Fantasy Cake
Rob Warming Winter Spiced Apple Alaska Tarts 4th Frozen Mist Cake
Sandy After Dinner Mint Surprise 2nd Home for Christmas Cake
Post-show career[edit]
Liam Charles was chosen as a co-presenter for the revamped professional version of Great British Bake Off, Bake Off: The Professionals.[31]
Ratings[edit]
The first episode to be broadcast on Channel 4 received an overnight viewing figure of 6.5 million, which is the channel's highest viewing figure since the opening ceremony for the 2012 Paralympics, but down from the 10 million obtained in the previous series on BBC One.[32] The overnight viewing figure for the final was 7.7 million (8.9 million at its peak), lower than the 14 million for the equivalent episode on BBC One in 2016.[33]
Official episode viewing figures are from BARB. Figures are total counts including HD and Channel 4 +1.[34]
Episode
no.
Airdate
7 day viewers
(millions)
28 day viewers
(millions)
Channel 4
weekly ranking
Weekly ranking
all channels[35]
1 29 August 2017 (2017-08-29) 9.46 9.72 1 1
2 5 September 2017 (2017-09-05) 9.23 9.53 1 2
3 12 September 2017 (2017-09-12) 8.68 9.06 1 2
4 19 September 2017 (2017-09-19) 8.55 8.87 1 3
5 26 September 2017 (2017-09-26) 8.61 8.98 1 4
6 3 October 2017 (2017-10-03) 8.61 8.91 1 4
7 10 October 2017 (2017-10-10) 9.01 9.32 1 3
8 17 October 2017 (2017-10-17) 8.95 9.19 1 4
9 24 October 2017 (2017-10-24) 9.03 9.16 1 4
10 31 October 2017 (2017-10-31) 10.04 10.13 1 4
Specials[edit]
Episode
no.
Airdate
7 day viewers
(millions)
28 day viewers
(millions)
Channel 4
weekly ranking
Weekly ranking
all channels[35]
The Great Christmas Bake Off
25 December 2017 (2017-12-25) 4.77 5 1 34
The Great Festive Bake Off
1 January 2018 (2018-01-01) 3.83 TBA 1 TBA
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Great British Bake Off: BBC moves rival cooking show in scheduling spat". BBC News. 16 August 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Sillito, David (13 September 2016). "Why did The Great British Bake Off move to Channel 4?". BBC.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017, episode one – as it happened". Guardian. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off series verdict: it was bake or break, but Channel 4 played a blinder". The Telegraph. 31 October 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Stuntwoman Sophie Faldo is crowned WINNER of Great British Bake Off just hours after judge Prue Leith accidentally gave the game away - but fans still insist that 'people's champion' Liam was robbed". Daily Mail. 31 October 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Great British Bake Off 2017 – all you need to know". 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Meet The Great British Bake Off series 8 bakers - Channel 4 - Info - Press". www.channel4.com.
Jump up ^ Gill, James. "Who is Great British Bake Off 2017 contestant Chris Geiger?". Radio Times.
Jump up ^ Bley Griffiths, Eleanor. "Who is Great British Bake Off 2017 contestant Flo Atkins?". Radio Times.
Jump up ^ SophFinnegan (29 August 2017). "Great British Bake Off: Here's everything we know about banker James from Brentwood". Essex Live.
Jump up ^ Page, Sarah (29 August 2017). "Get set for tears and tension as Bake Off returns tonight ... with a Horsham lass". West Sussex county Times.
Jump up ^ Bley Griffiths, Eleanor. "Who is Great British Bake Off 2017 contestant Kate Lyon?". Radio Times.
Jump up ^ Bley Griffiths, Eleanor. "Who is Great British Bake Off 2017 contestant Liam Charles?". Radio Times.
Jump up ^ SophFinnegan (20 August 2017). "Great British Bake Off: Here's everything we know about Peter from Southend". Essex Live.
Jump up ^ Nightingale, Laura (30 August 2017). "Great British Bake Off: Surrey's Sophie gets Hollywood handshake during first week in the tent". Get Surrey.
Jump up ^ "Great British Bake Off 2017: Radlett being represented by Stacey Hart". The Herts Advertiser. 22 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Lacey-Davidson, Mattie. "Get to know Watford's 'star baker' Steven Carter-Bailey ahead of second episode of The Great British Bake Off tonight on Channel 4". Watford Observer.
Jump up ^ "Who is The Great British Bake Off 2017 contestant Tom Hetherington?". Radio Times.
Jump up ^ Allen, Ben. "Who is Great British Bake Off 2017 contestant Chuen-Yan 'Yan'?". Radio Times.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017, episode two – as it happened". Guardian. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017, episode three – as it happened". Guardian. 12 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017, episode four – as it happened". Guardian. 19 September 2017. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017, episode five – as it happened". Guardian. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017, episode six – as it happened". Guardian. 3 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017, episode seven – as it happened". Guardian. 10 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017, episode eight – as it happened". Guardian. 17 October 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017 semi-final – as it happened". Guardian. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017: How the final unfolded". BBC News. 31 October 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Great British Bake Off 2017 final – as it happened". Guardian. 31 October 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Jill (22 November 2017). "FESTIVE FAVOURITES When are The Great British Bake Off Christmas specials and which bakers will be back in the tent?". The Sun. Retrieved 26 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Bloodworth, Adam (7 February 2018). "Liam Charles to host Great British Bake Off: The Professionals spin-off show on Channel 4". Metro.
Jump up ^ Ruddick, Graham (30 August 2017). "Great British Bake Off proves ratings winner for Channel 4". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Grant Cumberbatch, Aimée (1 November 2017). "Great British Bake Off final brings in Channel 4's biggest audience for six years despite judge Prue Leith's accidental early reveal". The Evening Standard.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Top 30 Programmes". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Weekly Top 10 Programmes". Broadcasters' Audience Research Board. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
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Sam Hill (euphemism)
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Sam Hill is an American English slang phrase, a euphemism or minced oath for "the devil" or "hell" personified (as in, "What in the Sam Hill is that?"). The "Sam" coming from salmon(sal(o)mon an oath) and "Hill" from hell. Etymologist Michael Quinion and others date the expression back to the late 1830s;[1][2] they and others[3] consider the expression to have been a simple bowdlerization, with, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, an unknown origin.
Possible referents[edit]
Candidate referents for the use date back to at least the 19th century. The following are possibilities of the term's origin.
Euphemism for the devil: H. L. Mencken suggested that the phrase derives from Samiel, the name of the Devil in Der Freischütz, an opera by Carl Maria von Weber that was performed in New York City in 1825. The phrase "Sa' m Hill" can also be seen in the variant "Samil."[4]
Store owner in Arizona: Sam Hill was also a mercantile store owner who offered a vast and diverse inventory of goods. People began using the term "what in the Sam Hill is that?" to describe something they found odd or unusual, just like the inventory found in Sam Hill's store. The original Sam Hill Mercantile building still stands on Montezuma Street in Prescott, Arizona, and is listed on the register of Historic Places.[5]
Politician in Connecticut: An article in the New England Magazine in December 1889 entitled "Two Centuries and a Half in Guilford, Connecticut" mentioned that, "Between 1727 and 1752 Mr. Sam. Hill represented Guilford in forty-three out of forty-nine sessions of the Legislature, and when he was gathered to his fathers, his son Nathaniel reigned in his stead" and a footnote queried whether this might be the source of the "popular Connecticut adjuration to 'Give 'em Sam Hill'?"[1]
Surveyor in Michigan: A possible origin for the phrase "Sam Hill" is the surveyor Samuel W. Hill (1819–1889), associated with the Keweenaw Peninsula area.[6] Hill allegedly used such foul language that his name became a euphemism for swear words. In the words of Charles Eschbach, "Back in the 1850s the Keweenaw's copper mining boom was underway. There were about a dozen men who pretty much ran the Keweenaw. They were mining company agents, the 'go between' for the investors from Boston and the actual mining production people. Their names were attached to every report sent back to eastern investors. Among these company agents was a man named Samuel W. Hill. Sam was a geologist, surveyor, and mining engineer and had considerable power in the Keweenaw."[7] According to author Ellis W. Courter, Samuel Hill "was an adventurer, explorer, miner, and surveyor. He had worked with Christopher C. Douglas and Douglas Houghton on the early State survey. His judgment was respected. Although he was a rough character, he possessed a big heart and in the fall of 1847 had risked his life to help avert a threatened food shortage in the Copper Harbor district. Generally he was regarded as a hero throughout the entire Copper Country, however, he was contemptuous of all the praise that was heaped upon him. Hill also gained a reputation as being one of the most blasphemous and obscene swearers in the Keweenaw Peninsula. Although he had a colorful vocabulary and told many a good story of his early adventures, his ubiquitous use of lurid cuss words became legendary. Whenever friends or neighbors retold his colorful tales in more polite society, they had to tame his unmentionables by substituting the sinless sounding words 'Sam Hill'. In time the expression, 'What the Sam Hill' spread far beyond the Copper Country. Today it has become a part of the American language. Few who utter these words ever heard of Samuel Hill, or know that he was the unconscious originator of a sinless synonym for profanity."[8]
Adjutant General in Kentucky: Another possibility involves the former adjutant general of Kentucky Samuel Ewing Hill, who was sent by the governor of Kentucky to see what was going on in reference to the Hatfields & McCoys family feud in 1887. Between 1880 and 1891, the feud claimed more than a dozen members of the two families, becoming headline news around the country, and compelling the governors of both Kentucky and West Virginia to call up their state militias to restore order. The governor of West Virginia once even threatened to have his militia invade Kentucky. Kentucky governor Simon Bolivar Buckner in response sent his adjutant general Sam Hill to Pike County, Kentucky to investigate the situation. Newspapers from around the country awaited word from Hill to find out "what in the Sam Hill was going on up there".[9][10]
Non-contender: Millionaire in Pacific North West: The millionaire Samuel Hill, a businessman and "good roads" advocate in the Pacific Northwest, became associated with the phrase in the 1920s. A reference appeared in Time magazine when Hill convinced Queen Marie of Romania to travel to rural Washington to dedicate Hill's Maryhill Museum of Art.[11] The fact that "Father of Good Roads" Samuel Hill hadn't been born when the figure of speech first appeared in a publication rules out the possibility that he was the original Sam Hill in question.[2][12]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Michael Quinion (2004-11-06). "World Wide Words: Sam Hill". World Wide Words. Retrieved 2007-06-26.
^ Jump up to: a b "Issue of August 4, 2001: On a popsicle stick". The Word Detective. 2001-04-04. Retrieved 2008-11-12.
Jump up ^ Various (1900). The New Dictionary of American Slang.
Jump up ^ Mencken, H. L. (1936). The American Language (4th ed.). Alfred A. Knopf.
Jump up ^ "Hill, Sam, Hardware". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Jill Livingston, 1999, 2011. "Sam Hill Sign". Retrieved 2011-05-19. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Charles Eshbach. "What the Sam Hill?". Archived from the original on 2012-03-24. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
Jump up ^ Courter, Ellis W. (2005). Michigan's Copper Country (PDF). Republished by the State of Michigan, Office of Geological Survey.
Jump up ^ "What in Sam Hill ... started the Hatfield and McCoy Feud?". Kentucky.gov. Archived from the original on 4 June 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Hatfields and McCoys: The Moran Connection". moranfamilytn.blogspot.com. Retrieved 3 June 2012.
Jump up ^ TIME Magazine (1926-08-16). "Sam Hill". @ Time Archives. Retrieved 2008-09-10.
Jump up ^ Words to the Wise: Issue 156, page 2 from the website of the Institute for Etymological Research and Education
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