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Iambic pentameter
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Iambic pentameter /aɪˈæmbɪk pɛnˈtæmɪtər/ is a commonly used type of metrical line in traditional English poetry and verse drama. The term describes the rhythm that the words establish in that line, which is measured in small groups of syllables called "feet". The word "iambic" refers to the type of foot that is used, known as the iamb, which in English is an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. The word "pentameter" indicates that a line has five of these "feet".
Iambic pentameter is the most common meter in English poetry; it is used in many of the major English poetic forms, including blank verse, the heroic couplet, and some of the traditional rhymed stanza forms. William Shakespeare used iambic pentameter in his plays and sonnets.
Contents
[hide]
1 Metre
1.1 Sample example
1.2 Iamb in classical and English verse
1.3 Rhythmic variation
2 Theories of iambic pentameter
2.1 Halle–Keyser
3 History
4 Reading in drama
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
Metre[edit]
Sample example[edit]
An iambic foot is an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. The rhythm can be written as:
da DUM

The da-DUM of a human heartbeat is the most common example of this rhythm.
A standard line of iambic pentameter is five iambic feet in a row:
da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM

Straightforward examples of this rhythm can be heard in the opening line of William Shakespeare's Sonnet 12:
When I do count the clock that tells the time
and in John Keats' To Autumn:[1]
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
It is possible to notate this with a "/" marking ictic syllables (experienced as beats) and a "×" marking nonictic syllables (experienced as offbeats). In this notation a standard line of iambic pentameter would look like this:
×   /   ×   /   ×   /   ×   /   ×   /

The scansion of the examples above can be notated as follows:
  ×  /  ×  /      ×   /     ×   /      ×  /
When I do count the clock that tells the time

 ×   /     ×  /     ×     /     ×  / ×    /
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells

Iamb in classical and English verse[edit]
The term "iamb" originally applied to the quantitative meter of classical poetry. The classical terms were adapted to describe the equivalent meters in English accentual-syllabic verse. Different languages express rhythm in different ways. In Ancient Greek and Latin, the rhythm was created through the alternation of short and long syllables. In English, the rhythm is created through the use of stress, alternating between unstressed and stressed syllables. An English unstressed syllable is equivalent to a classical short syllable, while an English stressed syllable is equivalent to a classical long syllable. When a pair of syllables is arranged as a short followed by a long, or an unstressed followed by a stressed, pattern, that foot is said to be "iambic". The English word "trapeze" is an example of an iambic pair of syllables, since the word is made up of two syllables ("tra—peze") and is pronounced with the stress on the second syllable ("tra—PEZE", rather than "TRA—peze"). A line of iambic pentameter is made up of five such pairs of short/long, or unstressed/stressed, syllables.
Rhythmic variation[edit]
Although strictly speaking, iambic pentameter refers to five iambs in a row (as above), in practice, poets vary their iambic pentameter a great deal, while maintaining the iamb as the most common foot. However, there are some conventions to these variations. Iambic pentameter must always contain only five feet, and the second foot is almost always an iamb. The first foot, in contrast, often changes by the use of inversion, which reverses the order of the syllables in the foot. The following line from Shakespeare's Richard III begins with an inversion:
 /  ×    ×  /  ×  /  ×    /  ×  /
Now is the winter of our discontent

Another common departure from standard iambic pentameter is the addition of a final unstressed syllable, which creates a weak or feminine ending. One of Shakespeare's most famous lines of iambic pentameter has a weak ending:[2]
 ×  / ×   /   ×  /      /  ×    ×   / (×)
To be or not to be, | that is the question

This line also has an inversion of the fourth foot, following the caesura (marked with "|"). In general a caesura acts in many ways like a line-end: inversions are common after it, and the extra unstressed syllable of the feminine ending may appear before it. Shakespeare and John Milton (in his work before Paradise Lost) at times employed feminine endings before a caesura.[3]
Here is the first quatrain of a sonnet by John Donne, which demonstrates how he uses a number of metrical variations strategically. This scansion adds numbers to indicate how Donne uses a variety of stress levels to realize his beats and offbeats (1 = lightest stress, 4 = heaviest stress):
 4  1   1  4       3   4  1     4    1   2
 /  ×   ×  /       ×   /  ×     /    ×   /
Batter my heart three-personed God, for you
1   3   2    4      3        4   1    4    1  4
×   /   ×    /      ×        /   ×    /    ×  /
As yet but knock, breathe, shine and seek to mend.
  1  2  1   4   1     4   2      4   1(1)   4
  ×  /  ×   /   ×     /   ×      /   ×(×)   /
That I may rise and stand o'erthrow me and bend
 1    4     1   4      3    4   1    4    1  4
 ×    /     ×   /      ×    /   ×    /    ×  /
Your force to break, blow, burn and make me new.

Donne uses an inversion (DUM da instead of da DUM) in the first foot of the first line to stress the key verb, "batter", and then sets up a clear iambic pattern with the rest of the line (da DUM da DUM da DUM da DUM). In the second and fourth lines he uses strongly-stressed offbeats (which can be interpreted as spondees) in the third foot to slow down the rhythm as he lists monosyllabic verbs. The parallel rhythm and grammar of these lines highlights the comparison Donne sets up between what God does to him "as yet" ("knock, breathe, shine and seek to mend"), and what he asks God to do ("break, blow, burn and make me new"). Donne also uses enjambment between lines three and four to speed up the flow as he builds to his desire to be made new. To further the speed-up effect of the enjambment, Donne puts an extra syllable in the final foot of the line (this can be read as an anapest (dada DUM) or as an elision).
As the examples show, iambic pentameter need not consist entirely of iambs, nor need it have ten syllables. Most poets who have a great facility for iambic pentameter frequently vary the rhythm of their poetry as Donne and Shakespeare do in the examples, both to create a more interesting overall rhythm and to highlight important thematic elements. In fact, the skillful variation of iambic pentameter, rather than the consistent use of it, may well be what distinguishes the rhythmic artistry of Donne, Shakespeare, Milton, and the 20th century sonneteer Edna St. Vincent Millay.
Several scholars have argued that iambic pentameter has been so important in the history of English poetry by contrasting it with the one other important meter (tetrameter), variously called “four-beat,” “strong-stress,” “native meter,” or “four-by-four meter.”[4] Four-beat, with four beats to a line, is the meter of nursery rhymes, children’s jump-rope and counting-out rhymes, folk songs and ballads, marching cadence calls, and a good deal of art poetry. It has been described by Attridge as based on doubling: two beats to each half line, two half lines to a line, two pairs of lines to a stanza. The metrical stresses alternate between light and heavy.[5] It is a heavily regular beat that produces something like a repeated tune in the performing voice, and is, indeed, close to song. Because of its odd number of metrical beats, iambic pentameter, as Attridge says, does not impose itself on the natural rhythm of spoken language.[6] Thus iambic pentameter frees intonation from the repetitiveness of four-beat and allows instead the varied intonations of significant speech to be heard. Pace can be varied in iambic pentameter, as it cannot in four-beat, as Alexander Pope demonstrated in his “An Essay on Criticism”:
When Ajax strives some rock’s vast weight to throw,
The line, too, labours and the words move slow.
Not so when swift Camilla scours the plain,
Flies o’er th’unbending corn, and skims along the main.
The last line is in fact an alexandrine — an iambic hexameter, which occurs occasionally in some iambic pentameter texts as a variant line. Not only does Pope exemplify "swiftness" by rushing over 12 syllables in the place of 10; he actually implies 14 syllables in the place of 10 (not to suggest Pope would have read it this way), including 4 lightly stressed syllables (actual and implied) between the first 2 ictuses:
 /    ×(×) (×)×  /  ×    /    ×     /   × /     ×  /
Flies o'er th'unbending corn, and skims along the main.

Moreover, iambic pentameter, instead of the steady alternation of lighter and heavier beats of four-beat, permits principal accents, that is accents on the most significant words, to occur at various points in a line as long as they are on the even–numbered syllables, or on the first syllable, in the case of an initial trochaic inversion. It is not the case, as is often alleged, that iambic pentameter is “natural” to English; rather it is that iambic pentameter allows the varied intonations and pace natural to significant speech to be heard along with the regular meter.[7]
Theories of iambic pentameter[edit]
Halle–Keyser[edit]
Linguists Morris Halle and Samuel Jay Keyser developed the earliest theory of generative metrics[8] — a set of rules that define those variations that are permissible (in their view) in English iambic pentameter. Essentially, the Halle–Keyser rules state that only "stress maximum" syllables are important in determining the meter. A stress maximum syllable is a stressed syllable surrounded on both sides by weak syllables in the same syntactic phrase and in the same verse line. In order to be a permissible line of iambic pentameter, no stress maxima can fall on a syllable that is designated as a weak syllable in the standard, unvaried iambic pentameter pattern. In the Donne line, the word God is not a maximum. That is because it is followed by a pause. Similarly the words you, mend, and bend are not maxima since they are each at the end of a line (as required for the rhyming of mend/bend and you/new.) Rewriting the Donne quatrain showing the stress maxima (denoted with an "M") results in the following:
 /  ×   ×  M       ×   M  ×     /    ×   /
Batter my heart three-personed God, for you
×   M   ×    /      ×        /   ×    M    ×  /
As yet but knock, breathe, shine and seek to mend.
  ×  /  ×   M   ×     /   ×      /   ×(×)   /
That I may rise and stand o'erthrow me and bend
 ×    M     ×   /      ×    /   ×    M    ×  /
Your force to break, blow, burn and make me new.

The Halle–Keyser system has been criticized because it can identify passages of prose as iambic pentameter.[9] Other scholars have revised Halle–Keyser, and they, along with Halle and Keyser, are known collectively as “generative metrists.”
Later generative metrists pointed out that poets have often treated non-compound words of more than one syllable differently from monosyllables and compounds of monosyllables. Any normally weak syllable may be stressed as a variation if it is a monosyllable, but not if it is part of a polysyllable except at the beginning of a line or a phrase.[10] Thus Shakespeare wrote in The Merchant of Venice, Act I, Scene 2:
 ×    ×  /    /      ×  /    ×  /(×)×  /
For the four winds blow in from every coast

but wrote "vanishingly few"[11] lines of the form of "As gazelles leap a never-resting brook". The stress patterns are the same, and in particular, the normally weak third syllable is stressed in both lines; the difference is that in Shakespeare's line the stressed third syllable is a one-syllable word, "four", whereas in the un-Shakespearean line it is part of a two-syllable word, "gazelles". (The definitions and exceptions are more technical than stated here.) Pope followed such a rule strictly, Shakespeare fairly strictly,[12] Milton much less, and Donne not at all—which may be why Ben Jonson said Donne deserved hanging for "not keeping of accent".[10]
Derek Attridge has pointed out the limits of the generative approach; it has “not brought us any closer to understanding why particular metrical forms are common in English, why certain variations interrupt the metre and others do not, or why metre functions so powerfully as a literary device.”[13] Generative metrists also fail to recognize that a normally weak syllable in a strong position will be pronounced differently, i.e. “promoted” and so no longer "weak."
History[edit]
Latin verse included lines of ten syllables. It is widely thought that some line of this length, perhaps in the Alcmanian meter, led to the ten-syllable line of some Old French chansons de geste such as The Song of Roland. Those Old French lines invariably had a caesura after the fourth syllable. This line was adopted with more flexibility by the troubadours of Provence in the 12th century, notably Cercamon, Bernart de Ventadorn, and Bertran de Born.[14] In both Old French and Old Provençal, the tenth syllable of the line was accented and feminine endings were common, in which case the line had eleven syllables. Italian poets such as Giacomo da Lentini, Boccaccio, Petrarch, and Dante adopted this line, generally using the eleven-syllable form (endecasillabo)[14] because most Italian words have feminine endings.[15]:91 They often used a pattern where the fourth syllable (normally accented) and the fifth (normally unaccented) were part of the same word, the opposite of the Old French line with its required pause after the fourth syllable. This pattern came to be considered typically Italian.
Geoffrey Chaucer followed the Italian poets in his ten-syllable lines, placing his pauses freely and often using the "Italian" pattern, but he deviated from it by introducing a strong iambic rhythm and the variations described above. This was an iambic pentameter.[15]:87–88 Chaucer's friend John Gower used a similar meter in his poem "In Praise of Peace."[15]:91
Chaucer's meter depended on the pronunciation of final e's that even by his time were probably silent. It was soon forgotten that they were ever pronounced, so later readers could not recognize his meter and found his lines rough.[16] His Scottish followers of the century from 1420 to 1520—King James I, Robert Henryson, William Dunbar, and Gavin Douglas—seem to have understood his meter (though final e had long been silent in Scots) and came close to it. Dunbar, in particular, wrote poems in true iambic pentameter.[15]:105–112
In England, the poems of the 15th and early 16th centuries are in a wide variety of meters. Thomas Wyatt, for example, often mixed iambic pentameters with other lines of similar length but different rhythm. Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, on the other hand, used a strict ten-syllable line that was similar to the Old French line, with its pause after the fourth syllable, but typically had a regular iambic pattern, and had many of the modern types of variation. Thomas Sackville, in his two poems in the Mirror for Magistrates, used a similar line but with few caesuras. The result was essentially the normal iambic pentameter except for the avoidance of the "Italian" line. It was Philip Sidney, apparently influenced by Italian poetry, who used large numbers of "Italian" lines and thus is often considered to have reinvented iambic pentameter in its final form. He was also more adept than his predecessors in working polysyllabic words into the meter. However, Sidney avoided feminine endings. They appear more often in the work of such masters of iambic pentameter as Edmund Spenser and Shakespeare.[15]:119–127
Iambic pentameter became the prevalent meter in English. It was estimated in 1971 that at least three-quarters of all English poetry since Chaucer has been written in this meter.[17] In 2014, playwright Mike Bartlett wrote the internationally successful play King Charles III in iambic pentameter.[18]
Reading in drama[edit]
There is some debate over whether works such as Shakespeare's were originally performed with the rhythm prominent, or whether the rhythm was embedded in the patterns of contemporary speech. In either case, when read aloud, such verse naturally follows an iambic beat. Scholars have explained that there are few stage directions in Shakespeare "because the verse serves that purpose. The dramatic action of the lines is related to the physical action required." [18]
The rhythm of iambic pentameter was emphasised in Kenneth Branagh's 2000 production of Love's Labour's Lost, in a scene where the protagonists tap-dance to the "Have at you now, affection's men-at-arms" speech. In this case, each iamb is underscored with a flap step.
See also[edit]
Anapaest
Dactyl
Dactylic pentameter
Ragale
Systems of scansion
Trochee
The Ants Go Marching[19]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ This line (line 7 of "To Autumn") is used by Timothy Steele as an example of an unvaried line of iambic pentameter, see Steele 1999, p. 5
Jump up ^ This line is used as an example by Marjorie Boulton in The Anatomy of Poetry (revised edition), Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1953, revised 1982. ISBN 0-7100-9087-0, page 28, although she marks the third foot as carrying no stress.
Jump up ^ Bridges & Milton's Prosody
Jump up ^ Attridge, Derek (2014) [1982]. The Rhythms of English Poetry. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-86951-1.
Easthope, Antony (2013) [2002]. Poetry as Discourse. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-135-03365-1.
Halpern, Martin (June 1962). "On the Two Chief Metrical Modes in English". PMLA. 77 (3): 177–186. doi:10.2307/460476. JSTOR 460476.
Jump up ^ Attridge 2014, pp. 76–122
Jump up ^ Attridge 2014, pp. 124–6
Jump up ^ For a detailed discussion of the varied intonations possible in iambic pentameter, see Cooper, John R. (Fall 1997). "Intonation and iambic pentameter". Papers on Language and Literature. 33 (4): 392–421. reprinted with changes as the first chapter of Cooper, John R. (2009). "Iambic Pentameter". Wit's Voices: Intonation in Seventeenth-century English Poetry. University of Delaware Press. pp. 37–58. ISBN 978-0-87413-059-1.
Jump up ^ Its final revised form in English Stress: Its Forms, Its Growth, and Its Role in Verse, Harper and Row, 1971.
Jump up ^ Attridge 2014, p. 41
^ Jump up to: a b Kiparsky, Paul (1975), "Stress, Syntax, and Meter" (PDF), Language, 51 (3): 576–616, doi:10.2307/412889, retrieved 2011-06-11
Jump up ^ Hayes, Bruce (1989), "The Prosodic Hierarchy in Meter", Phonetics and Phonology, Volume I: Rhythm and Meter (PDF), Academic Press, pp. 201–260, retrieved 2012-07-24
Jump up ^ Kiparsky said there were no such lines in Shakespeare. However, there is at least one: "Give renew'd fire to our extincted Spirits" (Othello II 1), pointed out as an objection to Kiparsky's theory by Groves, Peter L. (1998), Strange Music: The Metre of the English Heroic Line, ELS Monograph Series No.74, Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, ISBN 0-920604-55-2 . Thus Hayes's characterization "vanishingly few" seems more accurate.
Jump up ^ Attridge 2014, p. 50
^ Jump up to: a b Menichetti, Aldo (1994), "Quelques considérations sur la structure et l'origine de l'«endecasillabo»", in Cerquiglini-Toulet, Jacqueline; Collet, Olivier, Mélanges de Philologie et de Littérature Médiévales Offerts à Michel Burger, Librairie Droz, p. 225, ISBN 2-600-00017-8, retrieved 2009-09-18
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Duffell, Martin J. (2008). A New History of English Meter. Modern Humanities Research Association. ISBN 1-905981-91-0.
Jump up ^ That Chaucer had counted these es in his meter was not proposed till the 19th century and not proved statistically till the late 20th. Duffell 2008, pp. 83–84
Jump up ^ Nims, John Frederick (1971), Sappho to Valéry: Poems in Translation, Princeton University Press, p. 18, ISBN 0-691-01365-9
^ Jump up to: a b Bartlett, Mike (18 November 2015). "Mike Bartlett on writing King Charles III". Sydney Theatre Company Magazine. Sydney Theatre Company. Retrieved 6 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Ants Go Marching". National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Institutes of Health. June 8, 2012. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
References[edit]
Baker, David, ed. (1996). Meter in English: A Critical Engagement. University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 978-1-55728-444-0.
Bridges, Robert (2009) [1921]. Milton's Prosody with a Chapter on Accentual Verse and Notes. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-115-33690-1.
Corn, Alfred (2008). The Poem's Heartbeat: A Manual of Prosody. Copper Canyon Press. ISBN 978-1-55659-281-2.
Fussell, Paul (1979) [1965]. Poetic Meter and Poetic Form. McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-553606-4.
McDowell, Robert; Gross, Harvey S. (1996). Sound and Form in Modern Poetry. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-06517-3.
Hobsbaum, Philip (1996). Metre, Rhythm and Verse Form. Psychology Press. ISBN 978-0-415-08797-1.
Malcovati, Leonardo (2005). Prosody in England and Elsewhere: A Comparative Approach. Gival Press. ISBN 978-1-928589-26-6.
Steele, Timothy (1999). All the fun's in how you say a thing: an explanation of meter and versification. Ohio University Press. ISBN 978-0-8214-1259-6.
Turco, Lewis (1986). The New Book of Forms: A Handbook of Poetics. University Press of New England. ISBN 978-0-87451-380-6.
Williams, Miller (1986). Patterns of Poetry: An Encyclopedia of Forms. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-1330-1.
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I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK TV series)
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For the most recent series, see I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 17).
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
Genre
Reality television, Survival, Game show
Created by
Granada Television (now part of ITV Studios as ITV Granada)
Developed by
LWT James Allen, Natalka Znak, Brent Baker and Stewart Morris.
Directed by
Ian Hamilton (2002)
Chris Power (2003–)
Presented by
Anthony McPartlin
Declan Donnelly
Starring
Contestants list
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Original language(s)
English
No. of series
17
No. of episodes
182
Production
Executive producer(s)
Richard Cowles
Chris Brogden
Becca Walker
Location(s)
Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Camera setup
Multiple-camera setup
Running time
60–120 mins (including adverts)
Production company(s)
LWT/Granada Television (2002)
Granada Productions (2002–05)
ITV Productions (2006–08)
ITV Studios (2009–)
Release
Original network
ITV
Picture format
16:9 (2002–09)
1080i HDTV (2010–)
Audio format
Stereo
Original release
25 August 2002 (2002-08-25) – present
Chronology
Related shows
I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp
External links
Website
I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out Of Here! (often shortened to I'm a Celebrity or I'm a Celeb) is a British survival reality television game show, first aired on 25 August 2002, in which celebrities live in jungle conditions with few creature comforts. The show has been hosted by Ant & Dec since its inception and served as the inspiration for a franchise of the same name. It is filmed in Murwillumbah, New South Wales, Australia and broadcast on ITV in the United Kingdom.
In the Republic of Ireland, TV3 began simulcasts at the beginning of series 3 in 2004. The series moved to their sister channel 3e for series 12, 13 and 14. The series moved to UTV Ireland in 2015 for series 15. The show has been contracted to air until at least 2019, taking it to at least 19 series.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Format
1.1 Bushtucker trial
1.2 Dingo Dollar Challenge/Dingo Dimes
2 Filming location
3 Popularity and criticism
3.1 Controversies
4 Series details
5 Main series results
5.1 Series 1 (2002)
5.2 Series 2 (2003)
5.3 Series 3 (2004)
5.4 Series 4 (2004)
5.5 Series 5 (2005)
5.6 Series 6 (2006)
5.7 Series 7 (2007)
5.8 Series 8 (2008)
5.9 Series 9 (2009)
5.10 Series 10 (2010)
5.11 Series 11 (2011)
5.12 Series 12 (2012)
5.13 Series 13 (2013)
5.14 Series 14 (2014)
5.15 Series 15 (2015)
5.16 Series 16 (2016)
5.17 Series 17 (2017)
5.18 Series 18 (2018)
5.19 Series records and statistics
6 Series ratings
7 I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp
7.1 History
7.2 Presenters
8 References
9 External links
Format
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In return for their appearance on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, the celebrities are asked to nominate a charity to which the producers, ITV Studios, make donations. The celebrities themselves are also paid a fee to compensate them for possible loss of earnings while they are in the jungle. The producers of the show keep the precise details of the celebrities' contracts private, prompting much speculation from the media. The money is raised by allowing viewers to vote by phone, text message, or the "red button" (a colloquialism popular in the UK for TV interactive services) for the celebrity they would like to complete a "Bushtucker Trial" — a physical task usually involving snakes, spiders or other creepy-crawlies found in the jungle — and, later in each series, to vote for the celebrity they would like to see win the show. The last remaining celebrity after all others have been evicted is declared the winner of the show, and is branded "King/Queen of the Jungle".
Bushtucker trial
Bushtucker trials are used in the show to allow the contestants to gain food and treats for camp. Bushtucker Trials take two formats: eating trials, or physical/mental tasks.
In the eating trials, contestants are required to eat a variety of different "jungle" foods. Each dish successfully eaten will gain the contestants one star, which equals one meal for camp (although the number of meals per star can vary). These trials generate the most viewer responses according to the ITV website.[citation needed] The foods that are required to be eaten can include: crickets (in a variety of forms, such as cooked into biscuits, blended into drinks or eaten alive or dead), green ants, mealworms, witchetty grub, roasted spider or tarantulas, kangaroo testicles, kangaroo penis, kangaroo vaginal parts, crocodile penis, cockroach (prepared in various ways such as being cooked into biscuits, blended into drinks, eaten alive or dead). Other past foods include beach worms, bull's tongues, the anus of various animals, vomit fruits, cooked pigs' brains, various animal testicles, raw fish eyes, sheep eyes, blended rats or mice tails.
The second type of challenge is more of a physical or mental task that requires the contestants to perform activities to gain stars. These can include searching through dung, going through tunnels, negotiating obstacles on high wires, or performing other tasks.
Dingo Dollar Challenge/Dingo Dimes
One way of camp can earn treats is by doing extra tasks in Bushtucker trials or in general. Dingo Dimes can be used in the vending machine in Croc Creek. Dingo Dimes only featured in the 2015 series.
Another way camp can earn treats is to do what is known as the "Dingo Dollar Challenge". This involves two or more celebrities going into the jungle to perform a task that releases an item to open a container with an amount of dingo dollars. Once that has been completed and the dollars have been retrieved, it is taken to a small woodshack shop, with shopkeeper 'Kiosk Keith'. They can exchange the dollars for a necessity such as a hammock or a treat such as chocolate chip cookies. Kiosk Keith calls camp and the celebrities then have a question usually relating to a celebrity or a piece of trivia. The "Celebrity Chest" was abandoned for the first time in the 2012 series, in favour of the Dingo Dollar Challenge, which involves the celebrities collecting 'dingo dollars' and subsequently answering a question correctly in order to win a treat for the camp, if they win they will receive their prize however if the celebrities get it wrong, Kiosk Keith takes the dingo dollars and shuts up shop, leaving nothing for the camp.
Formerly, 'The Celebrity Chest' had a question with a choice of answers, similar to the Dingo Dollar Challenge, the two celebrities who took part in the challenge would bring the chest back to camp and collaborate over the question with the other camp members. If correct, they would win a treat, if incorrect, they would be told what the treat was.
In Dingo Dollars if the camp members answer correctly they get a choice of two treats.
Filming location
On location in the "Jungle" in Dungay, north-eastern New South Wales
The first series of the show was filmed near Cairns, in Queensland, Australia.[2] Since the second series, the programme has been filmed in Springbrook National Park, near Murwillumbah, New South Wales, Australia.
Inside the entrance to the filming location is an open area allocated to buildings which accommodate on-site medical facilities, containers for the storage of props, and other back-stage facilities. Families and friends of the celebrities are housed here each morning during evictions. From this area, a restricted access road climbs to the site of the studios. The road then heads down into a valley via four-wheel drive access to the set of the show.
Some of these areas are viewable from Google Earth, although it is difficult to view the suspension bridges and open-air studio that Ant & Dec broadcast from. While the roof of the main building is bright red, when filming is out of season, this whole area is covered with hessian to obscure the aerial view.[clarification needed] The creeks and camp areas are situated directly below the main suspension bridges. As they are so close to the celebrities, the crew have to be careful during filming to keep voices and music down. Many of the Bushtucker Trials are not performed here; in fact, some are performed well away from the area.
Once out of the jungle, the contestants stay at the five-star hotel Palazzo Versace Australia.[3] The health and well-being of the celebrities and crew are looked after by medic Bob McCarron and his team from EMS. McCarron is also responsible for all of the creatures and food in the challenges.
Popularity and criticism
The finals of the second and third UK series were seen by 12.73 and 14.99 million people respectively[citation needed] — in both cases well over half of all people watching television in the country at the time.
The site in which the celebrities stay appears to be open to the elements, but is largely covered by sheets above the view of the cameras. In one episode, a celebrity had to swim in a swamp apparently infested with crocodiles. Marksmen were shown ready to shoot the animals if they attacked. In actuality, the area where this was filmed does not have crocodiles because it is too far south.
In Series 9 it was revealed that Katie Price was being paid almost four times as much as the other contestants, which sparked some criticism. It was also reported that, as a result, cash-strapped ITV were unable to provide any more money for the series, and that the quality of the trials had gone down.[4]
Controversies
ITV apologised in 2006 after confusion over the instructions for telephone and red-button interactive voting led to allegations in the media that the wrong person had been evicted in the run-off vote in Series 6 between Toby Anstis and Dean Gaffney.[5]
The show was forced to enhance its procedures after Ofcom found that after complaints, on 23 November 2006 episode, the show had breached Rule 1.16 of the Broadcasting Code for airing bad language before the watershed.[6]
30 November 2006 episode was ruled to have breached Rule 2.2 of the Broadcasting Code after an investigation launched as part of the wider UK television public voting controversy. Due to late running, seven percent of phone and text votes for that episode of the show were not counted, although this did not affect the result.[7]
Sarah Matravers blamed the show for the breakdown of her relationship with contestant Marc Bannerman after he flirted with Cerys Matthews in Series 7.[8] Matthews and Bannerman later alleged the show footage had been edited by ITV to look like more than it was.[9]
Former Sex Pistols manager, Malcolm McLaren, who was due to appear on Series 7 but pulled out at the last minute, alleged that the show and the choice of winner was fixed, and the trials posed no real danger. He alleged that the show doctor told him that "'Things are so safe, I would send my own kids in to do the show'. There is nothing bad in there. They're hoodwinking the public".[10]
ITV apologised in 2009 for not having properly advised the contestants in Series 9 of the relevant Australian legislation regarding animal cruelty.[11] Gino D'Acampo and Stuart Manning were charged by New South Wales Police after RSPCA Australia complained over their killing and eating of a rat during the show.[12]
In 2012, the decision by Nadine Dorries to enter the show was the source of criticism, which led to her suspension from the Conservative Party due to allegations she did not seek permission from the party whip Andrew Mitchell, resulting in an inquiry by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards.[13]
The fifteenth series saw Ferne McCann eat a live water spider as part of a bushtucker trial. Ofcom reportedly received 694 complaints from the public over allegations of 'animal cruelty for entertainment'. ITV also received a further 500 complaints. In January 2016, it was revealed no further action would be taken.[14][15]
Ant was accused of racism following a joke during the show aimed at the Australian crew, which saw Ant joke that they get "paid in..." following a word that was construed by many viewers as "abos" an offensive term for Aboriginal Australians. A spokesperson later responded, stating that Ant had actually said "Avo's which is short for avocados".[16]
Viewers regularly complained that camp mate Iain Lee was the subject of bullying and isolation from other camp mates during the seventeenth series, and there were concerns raised as to the adverse affect this could have on his mental health. There have been calls for Rebekah Vardy to be cut as a mental health ambassador, due to her alleged role in the 'bullying'. On the ITV show Good Morning Britain the day after her eviction, she defended herself for remarks she made about Iain in Extra Camp, the ITV2 spin-off series stating that she was she "under pressure", and that they were taken out of context. After his eviction from the camp, Dennis Wise also claimed on Good Morning Britain that he and Iain were on friendly terms, and insisted that ITV would not allow bullying on the show. He latter accused of show of 'editing him' to look like a bully. Following his third place eviction, Iain directly addressed his relationship those accused of 'picking on him', stating that he has "loves them" and that there's "no beef between [them]". He also addressed claims that he had a "game plan", stating that he was just being himself.[17][18][19][20][21][22]
Series details
Winners are crowned King or Queen of their respective year. To date, there have been 10 Kings and 7 Queens of the Jungle.
Key:
King of the Jungle
Queen of the Jungle
Series
Start date
End date
Sponsors
Days in camp
Campmates
Honour places
Viewers
(millions)
Winner
Second place
Third place
1
25 August 2002 (2002-08-25) 8 September 2002 (2002-09-08) N/A 15 8 Tony Blackburn Tara Palmer-Tomkinson Christine Hamilton 7.58
2
28 April 2003 (2003-04-28) 12 May 2003 (2003-05-12) V 10 Phil Tufnell John Fashanu Linda Barker 8.55
3
23 January 2004 (2004-01-23) 9 February 2004 (2004-02-09) First Choice 16 Kerry Katona Jennie Bond Peter Andre 11.02
4
21 November 2004 (2004-11-21) 1 December 2004 (2004-12-01) 18 11 Joe Pasquale Paul Burrell Fran Cosgrave 8.66
5
20 November 2005 (2005-11-20) 5 December 2005 (2005-12-05) 12 Carol Thatcher Sheree Murphy Sid Owen 9.32
6
13 November 2006 (2006-11-13) 1 December 2006 (2006-12-01) Iceland 19 Matt Willis Myleene Klass Jason Donovan 7.96
7
12 November 2007 (2007-11-12) 30 November 2007 (2007-11-30) 20 11 Christopher Biggins Janice Dickinson Jason "J" Brown 7.45
8
16 November 2008 (2008-11-16) 5 December 2008 (2008-12-05) 21 12 Joe Swash Martina Navratilova George Takei 8.78
9
15 November 2009 (2009-11-15) 4 December 2009 (2009-12-04) 13 Gino D'Acampo Kim Woodburn Jimmy White 9.37
10
14 November 2010 (2010-11-14) 4 December 2010 (2010-12-04) Stacey Solomon Shaun Ryder Jenny Eclair 10.37
11
13 November 2011 (2011-11-13) 3 December 2011 (2011-12-03) Dougie Poynter Mark Wright Fatima Whitbread 10.08
12
11 November 2012 (2012-11-11) 1 December 2012 (2012-12-01) 12 Charlie Brooks Ashley Roberts David Haye 10.49
13
17 November 2013 (2013-11-17) 8 December 2013 (2013-12-08) 22 Kian Egan David Emanuel Lucy Pargeter 11.14
14
16 November 2014 (2014-11-16) 7 December 2014 (2014-12-07) 23 Carl "Foggy" Fogarty Jake Quickenden Melanie Sykes 10.26
15
15 November 2015 (2015-11-15) 6 December 2015 (2015-12-06) Aunt Bessie's 22 13 Vicky Pattison George Shelley Ferne McCann 9.86
16
13 November 2016 (2016-11-13) 4 December 2016 (2016-12-04) 12 Scarlett Moffatt Joel Dommett Adam Thomas 10.42
17
19 November 2017 (2017-11-19) 10 December 2017 (2017-12-10) Tombola Arcade Georgia "Toff" Toffolo Jamie Lomas Iain Lee 9.96
Sponsors in the Republic of Ireland includes holiday firm MultiTrip.com, online fashion store M and M Direct and more recently car company, Kia.
Main series results
The first three series of I'm a Celebrity occurred at various different times during the years they were broadcast. From series 4 onwards, the show is broadcast from around mid November until late November/early December.
Key
Winner – King or Queen of the Jungle
Runner-up
Third place
Walked or withdrew
Late arrival
Series 1 (2002)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 1)
8 contestants, 25 August – 8 September 2002:
Celebrity
Famous for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Tony Blackburn BBC Radio 1 disc jockey Day 1 Day 15 1st
Tara Palmer-Tomkinson Socialite, model, columnist & television presenter Day 1 Day 15 2nd
Christine Hamilton Author & public speaker Day 1 Day 14 3rd
Nell McAndrew Glamour model & television presenter Day 1 Day 13 4th
Rhona Cameron Comedian Day 1 Day 12 5th
Darren Day Actor, singer & television presenter Day 1 Day 11 6th
Nigel Benn Former Middleweight champion boxer Day 1 Day 10 7th
Uri Geller Magician, television personality & self-proclaimed psychic Day 1 Day 9 8th
Series 2 (2003)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 2)
10 contestants, 28 April – 12 May 2003:
Celebrity
Famous for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Phil Tufnell Former England left-arm orthodox spin bowler Day 1 Day 15 1st
John Fashanu Former England striker & television presenter Day 1 Day 15 2nd
Linda Barker Changing Rooms presenter & interior designer Day 1 Day 15 3rd
Wayne Sleep Royal Ballet dancer Day 1 Day 14 4th
Antony Worrall Thompson Celebrity chef Day 1 Day 13 5th
Toyah Willcox Singer-songwriter & actress Day 1 Day 12 6th
Catalina Guirado Model & reality television star Day 1 Day 11 7th
Chris Bisson Holby City & Prime Suspect actor Day 1 Day 10 8th
Danniella Westbrook Former EastEnders actress Day 1 Day 9 9th
Siân Lloyd Television weather reporter Day 1 Day 8 10th
Series 3 (2004)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 3)
10 contestants, 26 January – 9 February 2004:
Celebrity
Famous for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Kerry Katona Atomic Kitten singer Day 1 Day 16 1st
Jennie Bond BBC royal correspondent Day 1 Day 16 2nd
Peter Andre Pop singer Day 1 Day 16 3rd
Lord Brocket Television presenter Day 1 Day 15 4th
Katie Price Glamour model Day 1 Day 14 5th
Alex Best Glamour model Day 1 Day 13 6th
John Lydon Sex Pistols band member & presenter Day 1 Day 11 7th
Neil Ruddock Former England footballer Day 1 Day 11 8th
Diane Modahl Olympic middle distance runner Day 1 Day 10 9th
Mike Read Radio DJ & journalist Day 1 Day 9 10th
Series 4 (2004)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 4)
11 contestants, 21 November – 6 December 2004:
Celebrity
Famous for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Joe Pasquale Comedian Day 1 Day 18 1st
Paul Burrell Former Royal Household servant Day 1 Day 18 2nd
Fran Cosgrave Nightclub manager, television personality & bodyguard Day 1 Day 18 3rd
Janet Street-Porter Broadcaster & journalist Day 1 Day 17 4th
Sophie Anderton Glamour model Day 1 Day 15 5th
Antonio Fargas Starsky & Hutch actor Day 1 Day 14 6th
Sheila Ferguson The Three Degrees singer Day 1 Day 13 7th
Vic Reeves Vic and Bob comedian Day 5 Day 12 8th
Nancy Sorrell Model & television presenter Day 1 Day 11 9th
Natalie Appleton Former All Saints singer Day 1 Day 10 10th
Brian Harvey East 17 singer Day 2 Day 7 11th
Series 5 (2005)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 5)
12 contestants, 20 November – 5 December 2005:
Celebrity
Famous for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Carol Thatcher Journalist & author Day 1 Day 18 1st
Sheree Murphy Emmerdale actress Day 1 Day 18 2nd
Sid Owen EastEnders actor & singer Day 1 Day 18 3rd
Jimmy Osmond Singer, actor & businessman Day 1 Day 17 4th
Bobby Ball Cannon and Ball comedian & actor Day 6 Day 16 5th
Antony Costa Former Blue singer Day 1 Day 15 6th
Jenny Frost Former Atomic Kitten singer Day 1 Day 14 7th
David Dickinson Former Bargain Hunt presenter Day 1 Day 12 8th
Kimberley Davies Former Neighbours actress Day 1 Day 11 9th
Jilly Goolden Wine critic & journalist Day 1 Day 11 10th
Tommy Cannon Cannon and Ball comedian Day 6 Day 10 11th
Elaine Lordan Former EastEnders actress Day 1 Day 1 12th
Series 6 (2006)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 6)
12 contestants, 13 November – 1 December 2006:
Team Base Camp
Team Snake Rock
Celebrity
Famous for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Matt Willis Busted band member Day 1 Day 19 1st
Myleene Klass Hear'Say singer Day 1 Day 19 2nd
Jason Donovan Stage & screen performer Day 1 Day 19 3rd
David Gest Music promoter & television producer Day 1 Day 18 4th
Dean Gaffney Former EastEnders actor Day 5 Day 18 5th
Jan Leeming Journalist & broadcaster Day 1 Day 17 6th
Malandra Burrows Emmerdale actress Day 6 Day 16 7th
Phina Oruche Footballer's Wives actress Day 1 Day 15 8th
Lauren Booth Broadcaster, journalist & activist Day 1 Day 14 9th
Faith Brown Comedian & impressionist Day 1 Day 13 10th
Scott Henshall Model & fashion designer Day 1 Day 12 11th
Toby Anstis Global Radio presenter Day 1 Day 11 12th
Series 7 (2007)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 7)
11 contestants, 12–30 November 2007:
Team Croc Creek
Team Snake Rock
Entered after contestants were brought together
Celebrity
Famous for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Christopher Biggins Film, television & stage actor Day 5 Day 20 1st
Janice Dickinson Supermodel Day 1 Day 20 2nd
Jason "J" Brown Former 5ive singer Day 1 Day 20 3rd
Cerys Matthews Singer-songwriter Day 1 Day 19 4th
Gemma Atkinson Hollyoaks actress & glamour model Day 1 Day 18 5th
Anna Ryder Richardson Changing Rooms presenter & interior designer Day 1 Day 16 6th
Rodney Marsh Retired England footballer Day 1 Day 15 7th
John Burton Race Celebrity chef Day 1 Day 14 8th
Lynne Franks Spokeswoman & writer Day 1 Day 13 9th
Katie Hopkins The Apprentice contestant Day 2 Day 12 10th
Marc Bannerman EastEnders actor Day 1 Day 11 11th
Series 8 (2008)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 8)
Series 8: Sunday 16 November – 5 December 2008:
Home Camp
Away Camp
Entered after contestants were brought together.
Celebrity
Famous for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Joe Swash EastEnders actor Day 1 Day 21 1st
Martina Navratilova Retired professional tennis player Day 1 Day 21 2nd
George Takei Former Star Trek actor Day 1 Day 21 3rd
David Van Day Former Dollar singer Day 5 Day 20 4th
Simon Webbe Blue singer Day 1 Day 19 5th
Nicola McLean Glamour model Day 1 Day 18 6th
Brian Paddick Liberal Democrat & retired policeman Day 1 Day 17 7th
Esther Rantzen Television presenter & charity campaigner Day 1 Day 16 8th
Timmy Mallett Children's television presenter Day 5 Day 15 9th
Carly Zucker Personal trainer & model Day 1 Day 14 10th
Dani Behr Television presenter, model & singer Day 1 Day 13 11th
Robert Kilroy-Silk Former Labour Party politician & television presenter Day 1 Day 12 12th
Series 9 (2009)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 9)
Series 9: 15 November – 4 December 2009
Base Camp
Camp Exile
Left before camp was split
Celebrity
Famous for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Gino D'Acampo Chef & television presenter Day 1 Day 21 1st
Kim Woodburn How Clean Is Your House? presenter Day 1 Day 21 2nd
Jimmy White Professional snooker player Day 1 Day 21 3rd
Justin Ryan Interior designer & television presenter Day 1 Day 20 4th
Stuart Manning Former Hollyoaks actor Day 1 Day 19 5th
Sabrina Washington Former Mis-Teeq singer Day 1 Day 18 6th
George Hamilton Film actor Day 1 Day 17 7th
Joe Bugner Heavyweight boxer Day 4 Day 16 8th
Samantha Fox Former model & singer Day 1 Day 14 9th
Colin McAllister Interior designer & television presenter Day 1 Day 11 10th
Lucy Benjamin Former EastEnders actress Day 1 Day 10 11th
Katie Price Businesswoman & television personality Day 2 Day 9 12th
Camilla Dallerup Strictly Come Dancing professional dancer Day 1 Day 4 13th
Series 10 (2010)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 10)
I'm a Celebrity... Get Me out of Here! returned on 14 November 2010 at 9pm on ITV and ITV1 HD for its tenth series, as confirmed by presenters Ant and Dec at the end of the "Coming Out" show at the conclusion of series 9. This is the first series in HD. Series 10 is the only series to have 2 live trials.
Series 10: 14 November – 4 December 2010
Camp Sheila
Camp Bruce
Entered after contestants were brought together
Celebrity
Famous for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Stacey Solomon The X Factor contestant Day 1 Day 21 1st
Shaun Ryder Former Happy Mondays singer Day 1 Day 21 2nd
Jenny Eclair Comedian & novelist Day 4 Day 20 3rd
Dom Joly Comedian Day 4 Day 19 4th
Kayla Collins Playboy model Day 1 Day 19 5th
Aggro Santos Rapper Day 1 Day 18 6th
Linford Christie Retired Olympic sprinter Day 1 Day 17 7th
Gillian McKeith Nutritionist, author & television presenter Day 1 Day 16 8th
Britt Ekland Actress Day 1 Day 15 9th
Alison Hammond This Morning presenter Day 6 Day 15 10th
Lembit Öpik Former Liberal Democratic Party MP Day 1 Day 13 11th
Sheryl Gascoigne Author Day 1 Day 12 12th
Nigel Havers Coronation Street actor Day 1 Day 9 13th
Series 11 (2011)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 11)
The eleventh series began on 13 November 2011.[23] The official line-up was confirmed on 9 November 2011.[24]
Series 11: 13 November – 3 December 2011
Team Snake Rock
Team Croc Creek
Entered after contestants were brought together
Celebrity
Known for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Dougie Poynter McFly bassist Day 1 Day 21 1st
Mark Wright The Only Way is Essex star Day 1 Day 21 2nd
Fatima Whitbread Olympic javelin thrower Day 1 Day 20 3rd
Antony Cotton Coronation Street actor Day 1 Day 20 4th
Willie Carson Former horse racing jockey Day 1 Day 19 5th
Crissy Rock Benidorm actress Day 1 Day 18 6th
Emily Scott Swimwear model Day 5 Day 17 7th
Jessica-Jane Clement Glamour model, actress & television presenter Day 1 Day 16 8th
Lorraine Chase Emmerdale actress Day 1 Day 15 9th
Pat Sharp Television & radio broadcaster Day 3 Day 14 10th
Sinitta 80s pop singer Day 3 Day 13 11th
Stefanie Powers Stage & screen actress Day 1 Day 12 12th
Freddie Starr Comedian & impressionist Day 1 Day 3 13th
Series 12 (2012)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 12)
The twelfth series began on 11 November and ended on 1 December 2012.[25] The official line-up was revealed on 7 November 2012.
Series 12: 11 November – 1 December 2012
Team Snake Rock
Team Croc Creek
Entered after contestants were brought together
Celebrity
Known for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Charlie Brooks EastEnders actress Day 1 Day 21 1st
Ashley Roberts Former The Pussycat Dolls singer Day 1 Day 21 2nd
David Haye Heavyweight boxer Day 1 Day 20 3rd
Eric Bristow Professional darts player Day 1 Day 19 4th
Hugo Taylor Made in Chelsea star Day 1 Day 18 5th
Rosemary Shrager Celebrity chef Day 5 Day 17 6th
Helen Flanagan Coronation Street actress & model Day 1 Day 16 7th
Colin Baker Former Doctor Who actor Day 1 Day 15 8th
Linda Robson Birds of a Feather actress Day 1 Day 13 9th
Limahl Kajagoogoo band member Day 5 Day 12 10th
Nadine Dorries Conservative Party politician Day 1 Day 11 11th
Brian Conley Actor & comedian Day 1 Day 9 12th
Series 13 (2013)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 13)
The thirteenth series began airing on ITV on 17 November 2013.[26] The first advert for the series aired on 21 October 2013.[27] The line-up was confirmed on 13 November 2013.
Series 13: 17 November 2013 – 8 December 2013
Team Snake Rock
Team Croc Creek
Entered after contestants were brought together
Celebrity
Known for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Kian Egan Former Westlife singer Day 1 Day 22 1st
David Emanuel Royal fashion designer Day 1 Day 22 2nd
Lucy Pargeter Emmerdale actress Day 1 Day 21 3rd
Joey Essex The Only Way is Essex star Day 1 Day 20 4th
Amy Willerton Miss Universe Great Britain 2013 Day 1 Day 20 5th
Rebecca Adlington Former Olympic swimmer Day 1 Day 19 6th
Alfonso Ribeiro Sitcom actor Day 1 Day 19 7th
Steve Davis Former professional snooker player Day 1 Day 18 8th
Matthew Wright The Wright Stuff presenter Day 1 Day 17 9th
Vincent Simone Strictly Come Dancing professional Day 5 Day 17 10th
Laila Morse EastEnders actress Day 1 Day 16 11th
Annabel Giles Television presenter & author Day 5 Day 15 12th
Series 14 (2014)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 14)
The show returned for its fourteenth series on 16 November 2014.[28][29] On 15 October 2014, a teaser for the upcoming series was released on the official website. On 11 November, the full list of celebrities was confirmed by ITV.[30] On 20 November, a further two campmates were confirmed to have joined the show.[31]
Series 14: 16 November 2014 – 7 December 2014
Team Croc Creek/Rescuer
Team Celebrity Slammer
Entered after contestants were brought together
Celebrity
Known for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Carl "Foggy" Fogarty Retired World Superbike racer Day 1 Day 23 1st
Jake Quickenden The X Factor contestant Day 5 Day 23 2nd
Melanie Sykes Television presenter & model Day 1 Day 23 3rd
Edwina Currie Former Conservative Party politician & author Day 5 Day 22 4th
Tinchy Stryder Rapper Day 1 Day 21 5th
Kendra Wilkinson Model & reality television star Day 1 Day 21 6th
Vicki Michelle Sitcom actress Day 1 Day 20 7th
Michael Buerk Newsreader & war journalist Day 1 Day 19 8th
Nadia Forde Model, television personality & singer Day 1 Day 18 9th
Jimmy Bullard Former Premier League footballer Day 1 Day 17 10th
Craig Charles Actor, comedian & presenter Day 1 Day 4 11th
Gemma Collins The Only Way is Essex star Day 1 Day 3 12th
Series 15 (2015)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 15)
The show returned on 15 November 2015 under a new three-year contract, as confirmed by Ant & Dec at the end of the Coming Out show on 10 December 2014.[1]
Series 15: 15 November 2015 – 6 December 2015
Red Team (Leader: Tony Hadley)
Yellow Team (Leader: Susannah Constantine)
Entered after contestants were brought together
Celebrity
Known for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Vicky Pattison Geordie Shore star Day 3 Day 22 1st
George Shelley Union J singer Day 1 Day 22 2nd
Ferne McCann The Only Way is Essex star Day 3 Day 22 3rd
Kieron Dyer Former Premier League footballer Day 1 Day 21 4th
Jorgie Porter Hollyoaks actress Day 1 Day 21 5th
Tony Hadley Spandau Ballet singer Day 1 Day 20 6th
Duncan Bannatyne Former Dragons' Den panelist & entrepreneur Day 1 Day 19 7th
Lady Colin Campbell Royal biographer & socialite Day 1 Day 17 8th
Chris Eubank Retired professional boxer Day 1 Day 17 9th
Yvette Fielding Actress & television presenter Day 1 Day 16 10th
Brian Friedman Dancer & The X Factor choreographer Day 1 Day 15 11th
Susannah Constantine Fashion journalist Day 1 Day 13 12th
Spencer Matthews Made in Chelsea star Day 3 Day 5 13th
Series 16 (2016)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 16)
The show returned in 2016, and is the second in a three-year contract, as confirmed by Ant & Dec at the end of the Coming Out show on 9 December 2015. It began airing on 13 November 2016.[1]
Series 16: 13 November 2016 – 4 December 2016
Jungle Celebs
City Celebs
Entered after contestants were brought together
Celebrity
Known for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Scarlett Moffatt Gogglebox star Day 1 Day 22 1st
Joel Dommett Stand-up comedian Day 1 Day 22 2nd
Adam Thomas Emmerdale actor Day 1 Day 22 3rd
Sam Quek Olympic hockey player Day 1 Day 21 4th
Wayne Bridge Former Premier League footballer Day 1 Day 20 5th
Martin Roberts Homes Under the Hammer presenter Day 5 Day 20 6th
Larry Lamb Actor Day 1 Day 19 7th
Carol Vorderman TV presenter & former Countdown co-host Day 1 Day 18 8th
Jordan Banjo Diversity Dance Troupe Member Day 1 Day 17 9th
Ola Jordan Former Strictly Come Dancing dancer Day 1 Day 16 10th
Lisa Snowdon Fashion model & presenter Day 1 Day 15 11th
Danny Baker Radio presenter Day 5 Day 13 12th
Series 17 (2017)
Main article: I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK series 17)
The show returned in 2017, and is the third in a three-year contract, as confirmed by Ant & Dec at the end of the Coming Out show on 7 December 2016. It began airing on 19 November 2017.[1]
Series 17: 19 November 2017 – 10 December 2017
Team Snake Rock
Team Croc Creek
Left before camp was split
Celebrity
Known for
Entered
Exited
Finished
Georgia "Toff" Toffolo Made in Chelsea star Day 1 Day 22 1st
Jamie Lomas Hollyoaks actor Day 1 Day 22 2nd
Iain Lee Comedian Day 5 Day 22 3rd
Jennie McAlpine Coronation Street actress Day 1 Day 21 4th
Amir Khan Professional boxer Day 1 Day 20 5th
Dennis Wise Former Premier League footballer Day 1 Day 19 6th
Stanley Johnson Politician & author Day 1 Day 18 7th
Vanessa White The Saturdays singer Day 1 Day 17 8th
Rebekah "Becky" Vardy Wife of Jamie Vardy Day 1 Day 16 9th
Kezia Dugdale Politician & former Scottish Labour leader Day 5 Day 15 10th
Shappi Khorsandi Stand-up comedian Day 1 Day 13 11th
Jack Maynard DJ & YouTube personality Day 1 Day 3 12th
Series 18 (2018)
The show will return in 2018, as confirmed by Ant & Dec at the end of the Coming Out show on 15 December 2017. It is the first series in a new two-year contract.
Series records and statistics
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Biggest winning percentage: 83.42% – Gino D'Acampo (Series 9)
Closest winning percentage: 50.56% – Charlie Brooks (Series 12)
Longest stay in camp: 23 days – Carl "Foggy" Fogarty & Melanie Sykes (Series 14)
Shortest stay in camp: 1 day – Elaine Lordan (Series 5)
Most appearances: 2 series – Katie Price (Series 3 and Series 9)
Most bushtucker trials: 12 trials – Adam Thomas (Series 16)
Most consecutive bushtucker trials: 7 trials – Helen Flanagan (Series 12)
Most refused bushtucker trials: 2 trials – Lady Colin Campbell (Series 15)
Series ratings
Series
Start date
End date
No. of shows
Highest rating (millions)
Lowest rating (millions)
Average rating (millions)[32]
1
25 August 2002 (2002-08-25) 8 September 2002 (2002-09-08) 15 10.95 6.14 7.58
2
28 April 2003 (2003-04-28) 12 May 2003 (2003-05-12) 12.73 5.15 8.55
3
26 January 2004 (2004-01-26) 9 February 2004 (2004-02-09) 17 14.99 8.96 11.02
4
21 November 2004 (2004-11-21) 6 December 2004 (2004-12-06) 16 11.43 7.04 8.66
5
20 November 2005 (2005-11-20) 5 December 2005 (2005-12-05) 12.35 7.69 9.32
6
13 November 2006 (2006-11-13) 1 December 2006 (2006-12-01) 17 10.05 6.97 7.96
7
12 November 2007 (2007-11-12) 30 November 2007 (2007-11-30) 19 8.84 5.00 7.45
8
16 November 2008 (2008-11-16) 5 December 2008 (2008-12-05) 20 10.19 7.91 8.78
9
15 November 2009 (2009-11-15) 4 December 2009 (2009-12-04) 19 10.86 7.86 9.37
10
14 November 2010 (2010-11-14) 4 December 2010 (2010-12-04) 13.48 6.68 10.37
11
13 November 2011 (2011-11-13) 3 December 2011 (2011-12-03) 11.10 6.98 10.08
12
11 November 2012 (2012-11-11) 1 December 2012 (2012-12-01) 11.51 8.81 10.49
13
17 November 2013 (2013-11-17) 8 December 2013 (2013-12-08) 20 13.05 9.62 11.14
14
16 November 2014 (2014-11-16) 7 December 2014 (2014-12-07) 11.97 9.21 10.26
15
15 November 2015 (2015-11-15) 6 December 2015 (2015-12-06) 21 11.32 8.88 9.86
16
13 November 2016 (2016-11-13) 4 December 2016 (2016-12-04) 12.66 9.21 10.42
17
19 November 2017 (2017-11-19) 10 December 2017 (2017-12-10) 22 12.69 8.88 9.96
Note for "Average rating": Since 2010 incl. HD viewers and since 2011 incl. "ITV +1" consumers.
I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp
I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp
Also known as
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW! (2002–2015)
Created by
Granada Television (now part of ITV Studios)
Presented by
See presenters below
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Original language(s)
English
No. of series
17
Production
Location(s)
Australia
Running time
60 minutes (inc. adverts)
Release
Original network
ITV2
Picture format
576i: SDTV (2002–2010)
1080p: HDTV (2011–present)
Original release
27 August 2002 (2002-08-27) – present
Chronology
Related shows
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!
External links
Website
I'm a Celebrity: Extra Camp (previously I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! NOW!) is a companion show, broadcast on ITV2 in the UK and on UTV Ireland in the Republic of Ireland. It features behind-the-scenes footage of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! and shows the emotional responses of the contestants after they have been voted off.
Series 1 to 4 was filmed completely live in the UK and series 5–8 were filmed mainly live in Australia with a live co-presenter in the UK. Since series 9, the show has been filmed completely live in Australia with occasional celebrity interviews based in London, shown through webcam.
History
Logo used from 2007 to 2015
In the first series, the show was presented by Irish TV presenter Louise Loughman. In series 2–3, the show was presented by Mark Durden-Smith and Tara Palmer-Tomkinson. In series 4, Palmer-Tomkinson was absent and Durden-Smith was the only host. For the fifth series, Palmer-Tomkinson returned to present the show. Durden-Smith did not, as he decided to spend time with his children instead. He was replaced by Matt Brown. Palmer-Tomkinson did not return for series 6.
In series 6, Brendon Burns initially presented the show, but left after three episodes. This led to Durden-Smith returning for the rest of the series, where he presented from the UK. He was joined by new presenters Kelly Osbourne and Jeff Brazier (briefly Steve Wilson before Brazier took over), who presented from the jungle in Australia.[33] Also this series, a 5pm teatime programme, I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Exclusive, ran each weekday on ITV. It was co-hosted by series 5 runner-up Sheree Murphy and Phillip Schofield in 2006. It did not return for a second series.
For series 7–8, Matt Willis and his wife Emma took over from the previous hosts, Kelly Osbourne and Jeff Brazier, in Australia. Because they were having a child in early 2009, they did not return to present series 9. Durden-Smith also presented the show, from the UK, for the final time.
Series 9 to 10 saw new presenter Caroline Flack take over with roving reporter Joe Swash, email/people reporter Russell Kane, and a panel of celebrity pundits, which changed approximately every three to five days. For series 11, Flack left in order to present another ITV2 show, The Xtra Factor, and was replaced by Laura Whitmore. Swash and Kane both stayed on for the eleventh series.
On 16 June 2012, it was announced that Kane would not return to Get Me Out of Here! NOW!.[34] He was replaced by stand-up comic Rob Beckett.[35] All three presenters returned to present the thirteenth and fourteenth series of the show.
Due to tour commitments, Beckett did not return for Series 15. He was replaced by comedian David Morgan.[36]
On 14 April 2016, Laura Whitmore stated that she would not be returning to the Jungle. On 31 May 2016 during an interview on Up Late with Rylan, Morgan confirmed that he would not be returning to the series due to other work commitments. They were replaced by Vicky Pattison, Stacey Solomon and Chris Ramsey.
On 13 April 2017, Pattison and Ramsey both stated on social media that they would not be returning to the show in 2017. It was confirmed that 2016 winner Scarlett Moffatt was announced as a new presenter in September 2017 and will join long-running presenter Joe Swash on the new series.[37] It was also confirmed that Joel Dommett would join the presenting lineup.
Presenters
Various TV presenters and comedians have hosted the show since it began in 2002, with Joe Swash having presented the most series, at nine.
Series
Year
Presenter(s)
Comedian
1 2002 Louise Loughman N/A
2 2003 Tara Palmer-Tomkinson
Mark Durden-Smith
3 2004
4 Mark Durden-Smith[fn 1]
5 2005 Tara Palmer-Tomkinson
Matt Brown
6 2006 Kelly Osbourne
Steve Wilson
Jeff Brazier Brendon Burns
7 2007 Emma Willis
Matt Willis N/A
8 2008
9 2009 Caroline Flack
Joe Swash Russell Kane
10 2010
11 2011 Laura Whitmore
Joe Swash
12 2012 Rob Beckett
13 2013
14 2014
15 2015 David Morgan
16 2016 Vicky Pattison
Stacey Solomon
Joe Swash Chris Ramsey
17 2017 Scarlett Moffatt
Joe Swash Joel Dommett
Notes:
Jump up ^ Durden-Smith later returned for Series 6, 7 and 8 as the UK co-presenter of the show.
References
^ Jump up to: a b c d "It's Jungle Sums! Ant & Dec sign for three more I'm A Celeb series". 12 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Behind the Scenes at the Jungle Camp". Official Ant and Dec. 9 November 2010. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "See inside stunning I'm a Celebrity hotel where stars swap gruelling jungle life for jaw-dropping luxury". The Mirror. 11 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Celeb' bosses 'regret Price return'". Digital Spy. 4 December 2009.
Jump up ^ Bell, Pete (24 November 2006). "I'm a Celeb vote cock-up storm". London: The Sun. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Broadcast Bulletin Issue number 83". Ofcom. 23 April 2007. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin, Issue 108" (PDF). Ofcom. 8 May 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Bannerman's ex hopes Cerys 'rots in hell'". RTÉ. 5 September 2007. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Cerys and Marc criticise 'misleading' footage". RTÉ. 28 December 2007. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Walkout jungle star blasts the show". RTÉ. n.d. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "ITV apologises for rat killing on I'm A Celebrity..." BBC News. 7 December 2009. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "I'm A Celebrity's D'Acampo and Manning face rat charges". BBC. 6 December 2009. Archived from the original on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
Jump up ^ Mulholland, Hélène (8 November 2012). "David Cameron defends decision to suspend Nadine Dorries". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ofcom to probe ITV after Ferne McCann eats a huge LIVE spider".
Jump up ^ Revoir, Paul (11 January 2016). "I'm a Celebrity's live spider eating cleared despite nearly 1,500 complaints" – via www.theguardian.com.
Jump up ^ "I'm A Celebrity bosses forced to deny Ant McPartlin said 'racial slur' during show". The Sun. 2 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "I'm A Celebrity celebrities accused of 'bullying' Iain Lee". TellyMix. 5 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "I'm A Celebrity's 'Mean Girls' don't know the damage they can do to Iain". Metro. 4 December 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Gibb, Jessica (5 December 2017). "Rebekah Vardy's call to be axed as mental health ambassador after 'bullying'". mirror. Retrieved 5 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "I'm A Celebrity's Rebekah Vardy defends herself over bullying claims as she insists she didn't badmouth Iain Lee". The Sun. 5 December 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Kelly, Helen (8 December 2017). "I'm A Celebrity 2017: Dennis Wise interview CUT OFF as he addresses Iain 'bullying' claims". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Hughes, Roxanne (9 December 2017). "I'm A Celebrity 2017: Dennis Wise SLAMS ITV editing 'I looked like a bully'". Express.co.uk. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "'I'm a Celebrity' return date confirmed by ITV". Digital Spy. 31 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "An Essex boy, a con-artist, a boy band bassist and a former Olympian... meet this year's I'm A Celebrity contestants". Daily Mail. 9 November 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "I'm a Celebrity Get Me Out of Here! | Series 12 - Episode 1". Radio Times. 14 December 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "And the countdown begins..." I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. ITV. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!". ITV. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Metro.co.uk, Emily Hewett for (22 October 2014). "The I'm A Celeb promo is here and Dec's got something he needs to get off his chest..."
Jump up ^ "I'm A Celebrity 2014: Launch date revealed with Ant and Dec set to". 4 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "I'm a Celebrity lineup confirmed: Michael Buerk, Kendra, Craig Charles". Digital Spy. 11 November 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "ITV News on Twitter".
Jump up ^ Timmy Ehegötz (Hrsg.): "Internationaler Lizenzhandel mit Fernsehformaten." Untertitel: Die programmpolitische Relevanz des TV-Formathandels für deutsche Fernsehsender – analysiert an dem Formatimport "Ich bin ein Star Holt mich hier raus!". Tredition, Hamburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-7323-2627-3, S. 80.
Jump up ^ I'm a comic, get me out of here Chortle.co.uk
Jump up ^ "COMIC Russell Kane is leaving ITV2's I'm a Celebrity spin-off after three years". The Sun. 16 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "'I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here' series 12 start date confirmed". Digital Spy. 30 October 2012. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Sandwell, Ian. "Comedian David Morgan replaces Rob Beckett on I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here Now!". Digital Spy.
Jump up ^ "Stacey Solomon Insists There's No Hard Feelings After Being Dropped From 'I'm A Celeb' Spin-Off Show". HuffPost. 3 October 2017.
External links
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! at itv.com
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! on IMDb
Coordinates: 28°15′42.75″S 153°21′1.79″E / 28.2618750°S 153.3504972°E / -28.2618750; 153.3504972
[show]
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I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (UK)
Contestants
Series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Winners
Tony Blackburn
Phil Tufnell
Kerry Katona
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Carol Thatcher
Matt Willis
Christopher Biggins
Joe Swash
Gino D'Acampo
Stacey Solomon
Dougie Poynter
Charlie Brooks
Kian Egan
Carl Fogarty
Vicky Pattison
Scarlett Moffatt
Georgia "Toff" Toffolo
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I%27m_a_Celebrity...Get_Me_Out_of_Here!_(UK_TV_series)&oldid=825377121"
Categories:
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Knocking on wood
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Knocking on wood in the Oval Office
Knocking on wood – in Britain and Australia the phrase is touch wood – is an apotropaic tradition of literally touching, tapping, or knocking on wood, or merely stating that one is doing or intend to do so, in order to avoid "tempting fate" after making a favourable observation, a boast, or declaration concerning one's own death or other unfavorable situation beyond one's control.
Only the spoken party (a singular person) is to actually "knock on wood" at a time.
The origin of the custom may be in German folklore, wherein supernatural beings are thought to live in trees, and can be invoked for protection.[1][2]
Similar traditions in other cultures[edit]
In Indonesia, when someone is saying bad things, the one that hears it would knock on wood (or anything) and knock their forehead saying "amit-amit".
In Malaysia, when someone is saying bad things, the one that hears it would knock on wood (or anything) and knock their forehead saying "choi"or "tak cun tak cun"
In Italy, "tocca ferro" (touch iron) is used, especially after seeing an undertaker or something related to death.[unreliable source?][3]
In Iran, "Bezanam be Tachte بزنم به تخته" (knock on wood), when one says something good about something or somebody, he/she will knock on the wood, saying "bezan-am be takhteh, cheshm nakhoreh" ([I] am knocking on the wood, to prevent – it, he, or she – from being jinxed). Evil eye, and being jinxed is a common phobia and superstitious belief in Iranian culture. Iranians traditionally believe knocking on the wood wards off evil spirits.
In Egypt, "Emsek El Khashab إمسك الخشب" (Hold the wood), people say it when mention good luck that you have had in the past or when you mention hopes you have for the future. The expression is usually used in the hope that a good thing will continue to occur after it has been acknowledged. And to prevent envy.
In old English folklore, "knocking on wood" also referred to when people spoke of secrets – they went into the isolated woods to talk privately and "knocked" on the trees when they were talking to hide their communication from evil spirits who would be unable to hear when they knocked.[citation needed] Another version holds that the act of knocking was to perk up the spirits to make them work in the requester's favor.[4] Yet another version holds that a sect of Monks who wore large wooden crosses around their necks would tap or "knock" on them to ward away evil.
In Romania, there is also a superstition that one can avoid bad things aforementioned by literally knocking on wood ("a bate în lemn"). Wood tables are exempted. One of the possible reasons could be that there is a monastery practice to call people to pray by playing / knocking the simantron.[5]
In Bulgaria the superstition of "knock on wood" (чукам на дърво) is reserved for protection against the evil, and is not typically used for attracting good luck. Usually people engage in the practice in reaction to bad news, actual or merely imagined. In most cases the nearest wooden object is used (in some areas, however, tables are exempt); if there are no such objects within immediate reach, a common tongue-in-cheek practice is to knock on one's head. Knocking on wood is often followed by lightly pulling one's earlobe with the same hand. Common phrases to accompany the ritual are "God guard us" (Бог да ни пази) and "May the Devil not hear" (Да не чуе Дяволът).
In Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia there is also the habit of knocking on wood when saying something positive or affirmative about someone or something and not wanting that to change. Frequently the movement of knocking on nearby wood is followed by "Da pokucam u drvo" (да куцнем у дрво) (I will knock on wood), or sometimes by "Da ne ureknem" (да не урекнем) (I don't want to jinx it).[6]
In Poland, as well as in Russia, there is a habit of knocking on (unpainted) wood (which may be preceded by saying odpukać w niemalowane drewno or simply odpukać, literally meaning to knock on unpainted wood) when saying something negative - to prevent it from happening - or, more rarely, something positive - in order not to "spoil it". In Czech Republic, this is often accompanied for stronger effect by knocking on one's teeth, a piece of building stone, or metal, reasoning that these (as opposed to wood) survive even fire.
In Turkey, when someone hears about a bad experience someone else had, he/she may gently pull one earlobe, and knock on a wood twice, which means "God save me from that thing."
In the United States in the eighteenth century, men used to knock on the wood stock of their muzzle-loading rifles to settle the black powder charge, ensuring the weapon would fire cleanly.
In Spain "tocar madera" (literally: to touch wood) is something that you say when you want your luck or a good situation to continue. Ha ido bien toda la semana y, toco madera, seguirá bien el fin de semana. (It's been fine all week and, touch wood, it'll stay fine for the weekend).
In Latin America, it is also tradition to physically knock a wooden object. A variant requires that the object does not have legs ("tocar madera sin patas"), which rules out chairs, tables and beds.[7]
In Brazil, "bater na madeira" (hit the wood) is something actually done physically, three knocks are required after giving an example of a bad thing eventually happening. No verbalization is required, just the three knocks on the closest piece or object of wood. In the absence of wood, someone can say "bate na madeira", to prevent the bad thing to happen. People do not actually believe knocking three times a piece of wood will really protect them, but it is a social habit and it is polite to do so to demonstrate that ones doesn't want that bad thing they are talking about to actually happen.
In Greece the saying "χτύπα ξύλο" (literally: Knock wood) is said when hearing someone say something negative in order to prevent it from happening.
In Lebanon and Syria the saying "دقّ عالخشب" (literally: Knock on the wood) is said when hearing someone say something negative in order to prevent it from happening. It is also largely observed when saying something positive or affirmative about someone or something and not wanting that to change.
In Israel the saying "בלי עין הרע" (literally: without the evil eye) is said when someone mentions good things happening to themself or someone else, or even when mentioning a valuable things they own. This expression is a superstition that is used in the hope that a good thing will continue to occur even after it's mentioned, and as a way to prevent Envy (Hasad "حسد") also known as the Evil Eye (Ain Hara'a "عين"), as they believe that Envy can harm other people.
See also[edit]
Crossed fingers
Evil eye
Jinx
Alomancy, related to throwing salt over the left shoulder
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Reference.com: Origin of Knock on Wood. The origin of knocking on wood for this purpose is believed by some to be from early pagan mythology. Wood gods, or dryads, lived in trees, and people would go to them for blessings and to prevent bad luck.
Jump up ^ Touch Wood for Luck: The History & Superstition of 'Touch Wood'. One explanation states that the tradition derived from the Pagans who thought that trees were the homes of fairies, spirits, dryads and many other mystical creatures. In these instances, people might knock or touch wood to request good luck, or to distract spirits with evil intentions. When in need of a favour or some good luck, one politely mentioned this wish to a tree and then touched the bark, representing the first "knock." The second "knock" was to say "thank you." The knocking was also supposed to prevent evil spirits from hearing your speech and as such stop them from interfering. Alternatively, some traditions have it that by knocking upon wood, you would awaken and release the benevolent wood fairies that dwelt there.
Jump up ^ "Superstitions in Italy". Lifeinitaly.com. 2007-01-20. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
Jump up ^ Firestone, Allie. "Knock on Wood: Superstitions and Their Origins". Divine Caroline. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zS4ZOQAnpzI
Jump up ^ http://www.politika.rs/rubrike/spektar/zivot-i-stil/Da-kucnem-u-drvo.lt.html
Jump up ^ Supersticiones arraigadas - Selecciones
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