text:
List of college athletic programs in South Carolina
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This is a list of college athletics programs in the U.S. state of South Carolina.
Contents
[hide]
1 NCAA
1.1 Division I
1.2 Division II
2 NAIA
3 NJCAA
4 Notes
5 See also
NCAA[edit]
Division I[edit]
Team
School
City
Conference
Charleston Cougars College of Charleston Charleston CAA
Charleston Southern Buccaneers and Lady Bucs Charleston Southern University Charleston Big South
The Citadel Bulldogs Citadel !The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina Charleston Southern
Clemson Tigers and Lady Tigers Clemson University Clemson ACC
Coastal Carolina Chanticleers and Lady Chants Coastal Carolina University Conway Sun Belt
Furman Paladins and Lady Paladins Furman University Greenville Southern
Presbyterian Blue Hose Presbyterian College Clinton Big South
South Carolina Gamecocks South Carolina !University of South Carolina Columbia SEC
South Carolina State Bulldogs and Lady Bulldogs South Carolina State University Orangeburg MEAC
USC Upstate Spartans A South Carolina Upstate !University of South Carolina Upstate Spartanburg Atlantic Sun
Winthrop Eagles and Lady Eagles Winthrop University Rock Hill Big South
Wofford Terriers Wofford College Spartanburg Southern
Division II[edit]
Team
School
City
Conference
Anderson Trojans Anderson University Anderson South Atlantic
Benedict Tigers Benedict College Columbia Southern Intercollegiate
Claflin Panthers Claflin University Orangeburg Southern Intercollegiate
Coker Cobras Coker College Hartsville South Atlantic
Converse Valkyries Converse College Spartanburg Carolinas
Erskine Flying Fleet Erskine College Due West Carolinas
Francis Marion Patriots Francis Marion University Florence Peach Belt
Lander Bearcats Lander University Greenwood Peach Belt
Limestone Saints Limestone College Gaffney Carolinas
Newberry Wolves Newberry College Newberry South Atlantic
North Greenville Crusaders North Greenville University Tigerville Carolinas
Southern Wesleyan Warriors Southern Wesleyan University Central Carolinas
USC-Aiken Pacers University of South Carolina Aiken Aiken Peach Belt
NAIA[edit]
Team
School
City
Conference
Allen Yellow Jackets Allen University Columbia AAC
Columbia (South Carolina) Fighting Koalas Columbia College Columbia AAC
Morris Hornets Morris College Sumter Independent
USC Beaufort Sand Sharks University of South Carolina Beaufort Bluffton The Sun
Voorhees Tigers Voorhees College Denmark Independent
NJCAA[edit]
Team
School
City
Conference
Clinton Golden Bears Clinton Junior College Rock Hill Carolinas JC
Denmark Tech Panthers Denmark Technical College Denmark Carolinas JC
Florence-Darlington Tech Stingers Florence-Darlington Technical College Florence Carolinas JC
Spartanburg Methodist Pioneers Spartanburg Methodist College Spartanburg Carolinas JC
USC-Lancaster Lancers University of South Carolina Lancaster Lancaster Carolinas JC
USC-Salkehatchie Indians University of South Carolina Salkehatchie Allendale Carolinas JC
USC-Sumter Fire Ants University of South Carolina Sumter Sumter Carolinas JC
Notes[edit]
^A Although the school prefers to use "USC Upstate," national media use "South Carolina Upstate," in order to differentiate it from the University of Southern California.
See also[edit]
List of NCAA Division I institutions
List of NCAA Division II institutions
List of NCAA Division III institutions
List of NAIA institutions
List of USCAA institutions
List of NCCAA institutions
[hide]
v
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College athletic programs in the United States by state
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See also
Puerto Rico
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Guam
US Virgin Islands
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_college_athletic_programs_in_South_Carolina&oldid=757505358"
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text:
List of Formula One Grand Prix winners
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Formula One
Current season[show]
2017 FIA Formula One World Championship
Related articles[show]
History of Formula One
Formula One racing
Formula One regulations
Formula One cars
Formula One engines
Formula One tyres
Lists[hide]
Drivers
(GP winners
Polesitters
Fastest laps
Champions
Runners-up
Numbers)
Constructors
(GP winners
Champions
Runners-up)
Seasons
Grands Prix
Circuits
Race Promoters' Trophy winners
Points scoring systems
National colours
Sponsorship liveries
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Records[show]
Drivers
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FIA
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v
t
e
Formula One, abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of open-wheeled auto racing defined by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.[1] The "formula" in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and cars must conform. The F1 world championship season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held usually on purpose-built circuits, and in a few cases on closed city streets. The most famous Grand Prix is the Monaco Grand Prix in Monte Carlo.[2] Each winner is presented with a trophy and the results of each race are combined to determine two annual Championships, one for drivers and one for constructors.
Michael Schumacher holds the record for the most Grand Prix victories, having won 91 times.[3] Lewis Hamilton is second with 61 wins and Alain Prost is third with 51 wins. Michael Schumacher holds the distinction of having the longest time between his first win and his last. He won his first Grand Prix in 1992 at the Belgian Grand Prix, and his last in 2006 at the Chinese Grand Prix, a span of 14 years, 1 month and 1 day.[4] Sebastian Vettel holds the record for the most consecutive wins, having won nine Grands Prix in a row from the 2013 Belgian Grand Prix to the 2013 Brazilian Grand Prix. Max Verstappen is the youngest winner of a Grand Prix; he was 18 years and 227 days old when he won the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix.[5] Luigi Fagioli is the oldest winner of a Formula One Grand Prix; he was 53 years and 22 days old when he won the 1951 French Grand Prix.[6]
As of the 2017 Japanese Grand Prix, out of the 758 drivers who started a Grand Prix,[7] there have been 107 different Formula One Grand Prix winners.[8] The first Grand Prix winner was Giuseppe Farina at the 1950 British Grand Prix, and the most recent driver to score their first Grand Prix win was Valtteri Bottas.[9]
Michael Schumacher won a record 91 Grands Prix during his career.
Contents
[hide]
1 By driver
2 By nationality
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
By driver[edit]
All figures correct as of the 2017 Japanese Grand Prix
Key
Driver has competed in the 2017 season
Bold Formula One World Champion
Formula One Grand Prix Winners
Rank
Country
Driver
Wins
Seasons active
First win
Last win
1 Germany
Schumacher, MichaelMichael Schumacher
91 1991–2006
2010–2012 1992 Belgian Grand Prix 2006 Chinese Grand Prix
2 United Kingdom
Hamilton, LewisLewis Hamilton
61 2007– 2007 Canadian Grand Prix 2017 Japanese Grand Prix
3 France
Prost, AlainAlain Prost
51 1980–1991
1993 1981 French Grand Prix 1993 German Grand Prix
4 Germany
Vettel, SebastianSebastian Vettel
46 2007– 2008 Italian Grand Prix 2017 Hungarian Grand Prix
5 Brazil
Senna, AyrtonAyrton Senna
41 1984–1994 1985 Portuguese Grand Prix 1993 Australian Grand Prix
6 Spain
Alonso, FernandoFernando Alonso
32 2001
2003– 2003 Hungarian Grand Prix 2013 Spanish Grand Prix
7 United Kingdom
Mansell, NigelNigel Mansell
31 1980–1992
1994–1995 1985 European Grand Prix 1994 Australian Grand Prix
8 United Kingdom
Stewart, JackieJackie Stewart
27 1965–1973 1965 Italian Grand Prix 1973 German Grand Prix
9 United Kingdom
Clark, JimJim Clark
25 1960–1968 1962 Belgian Grand Prix 1968 South African Grand Prix
9 Austria
Lauda, NikiNiki Lauda
25 1971–1979
1982–1985 1974 Spanish Grand Prix 1985 Dutch Grand Prix
11 Argentina
Fangio, Juan ManuelJuan Manuel Fangio
24 1950–1951
1953–1958 1950 Monaco Grand Prix 1957 German Grand Prix
12 Brazil
Piquet, NelsonNelson Piquet
23 1978–1991 1980 United States Grand Prix West 1991 Canadian Grand Prix
12 Germany
Rosberg, NicoNico Rosberg
23 2006–2016 2012 Chinese Grand Prix 2016 Japanese Grand Prix
14 United Kingdom
Hill, DamonDamon Hill
22 1992–1999 1993 Hungarian Grand Prix 1998 Belgian Grand Prix
15 Finland
Häkkinen, MikaMika Häkkinen
20 1991–2001 1997 European Grand Prix 2001 United States Grand Prix
15 Finland
Räikkönen, KimiKimi Räikkönen
20 2001–2009
2012– 2003 Malaysian Grand Prix 2013 Australian Grand Prix
17 United Kingdom
Moss, StirlingStirling Moss
16 1950–1962 1955 British Grand Prix 1961 German Grand Prix
18 United Kingdom
Button, JensonJenson Button
15 2000–2017 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix 2012 Brazilian Grand Prix
19 Australia
Brabham, JackJack Brabham
14 1955–1970 1959 Monaco Grand Prix 1970 South African Grand Prix
19 United Kingdom
Hill, GrahamGraham Hill
14 1958–1975 1962 Dutch Grand Prix 1969 Monaco Grand Prix
19 Brazil
Fittipaldi, EmersonEmerson Fittipaldi
14 1970–1980 1970 United States Grand Prix 1975 British Grand Prix
22 Italy
Ascari, AlbertoAlberto Ascari
13 1950–1955 1951 German Grand Prix 1953 Swiss Grand Prix
22 United Kingdom
Coulthard, DavidDavid Coulthard
13 1994–2008 1995 Portuguese Grand Prix 2003 Australian Grand Prix
24 United States
Andretti, MarioMario Andretti
12 1968–1972
1974–1982 1971 South African Grand Prix 1978 Dutch Grand Prix
24 Argentina
Reutemann, CarlosCarlos Reutemann
12 1972–1982 1974 South African Grand Prix 1981 Belgian Grand Prix
24 Australia
Jones, AlanAlan Jones
12 1975–1981
1983
1985–1986 1977 Austrian Grand Prix 1981 Caesars Palace Grand Prix
27 Canada
Villeneuve, JacquesJacques Villeneuve
11 1996–2006 1996 European Grand Prix 1997 Luxembourg Grand Prix
27 Brazil
Barrichello, RubensRubens Barrichello
11 1993–2011 2000 German Grand Prix 2009 Italian Grand Prix
27 Brazil
Massa, FelipeFelipe Massa
11 2002
2004– 2006 Turkish Grand Prix 2008 Brazilian Grand Prix
30 Sweden
Peterson, RonnieRonnie Peterson
10 1970–1978 1973 French Grand Prix 1978 Austrian Grand Prix
30 South Africa
Scheckter, JodyJody Scheckter
10 1972–1980 1974 Swedish Grand Prix 1979 Italian Grand Prix
30 United Kingdom
Hunt, JamesJames Hunt
10 1973–1979 1975 Dutch Grand Prix 1977 Japanese Grand Prix
30 Austria
Berger, GerhardGerhard Berger
10 1984–1997 1986 Mexican Grand Prix 1997 German Grand Prix
34 Australia
Webber, MarkMark Webber
9 2002–2013 2009 German Grand Prix 2012 British Grand Prix
35 New Zealand
Hulme, DennyDenny Hulme
8 1965–1974 1967 Monaco Grand Prix 1974 Argentine Grand Prix
35 Belgium
Ickx, JackyJacky Ickx
8 1967–1979 1968 French Grand Prix 1972 German Grand Prix
37 France
Arnoux, RenéRené Arnoux
7 1978–1989 1980 Brazilian Grand Prix 1983 Dutch Grand Prix
37 Colombia
Montoya, Juan PabloJuan Pablo Montoya
7 2001–2006 2001 Italian Grand Prix 2005 Brazilian Grand Prix
39 United Kingdom
Brooks, TonyTony Brooks
6 1956–1961 1957 British Grand Prix 1959 German Grand Prix
39 United Kingdom
Surtees, JohnJohn Surtees
6 1960–1972 1963 German Grand Prix 1967 Italian Grand Prix
39 Austria
Rindt, JochenJochen Rindt
6 1964–1970 1969 United States Grand Prix 1970 German Grand Prix
39 France
Laffite, JacquesJacques Laffite
6 1974–1986 1977 Swedish Grand Prix 1981 Canadian Grand Prix
39 Canada
Villeneuve, GillesGilles Villeneuve
6 1977–1982 1978 Canadian Grand Prix 1981 Spanish Grand Prix
39 Italy
Patrese, RiccardoRiccardo Patrese
6 1977–1993 1982 Monaco Grand Prix 1992 Japanese Grand Prix
39 Germany
Schumacher, RalfRalf Schumacher
6 1997–2007 2001 San Marino Grand Prix 2003 French Grand Prix
46 Italy
Farina, GiuseppeGiuseppe Farina
5 1950–1955 1950 British Grand Prix 1953 German Grand Prix
46 Switzerland
Regazzoni, ClayClay Regazzoni
5 1970–1980 1970 Italian Grand Prix 1979 British Grand Prix
46 United Kingdom
Watson, JohnJohn Watson
5 1973–1983
1985 1976 Austrian Grand Prix 1983 United States West Grand Prix
46 Finland
Rosberg, KekeKeke Rosberg
5 1978–1986 1982 Swiss Grand Prix 1985 Australian Grand Prix
46 Italy
Alboreto, MicheleMichele Alboreto
5 1981–1994 1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix 1985 German Grand Prix
46 Australia
Ricciardo, DanielDaniel Ricciardo
5 2011– 2014 Canadian Grand Prix 2017 Azerbaijan Grand Prix
52 New Zealand
McLaren, BruceBruce McLaren
4 1959–1970 1959 United States Grand Prix 1968 Belgian Grand Prix
52 United States
Gurney, DanDan Gurney
4 1959–1968
1970 1962 French Grand Prix 1967 Belgian Grand Prix
52 United Kingdom
Irvine, EddieEddie Irvine
4 1993–2002 1999 Australian Grand Prix 1999 Malaysian Grand Prix
55 United Kingdom
Hawthorn, MikeMike Hawthorn
3 1952–1958 1953 French Grand Prix 1958 French Grand Prix
55 United Kingdom
Collins, PeterPeter Collins
3 1952–1958 1956 Belgian Grand Prix 1958 British Grand Prix
55 United States
Hill, PhilPhil Hill
3 1958–1964
1966 1960 Italian Grand Prix 1961 Italian Grand Prix
55 France
Pironi, DidierDidier Pironi
3 1978–1982 1980 Belgian Grand Prix 1982 Dutch Grand Prix
55 Belgium
Boutsen, ThierryThierry Boutsen
3 1983–1993 1989 Canadian Grand Prix 1990 Hungarian Grand Prix
55 United Kingdom
Herbert, JohnnyJohnny Herbert
3 1989–2000 1995 British Grand Prix 1999 European Grand Prix
55 Germany
Frentzen, Heinz-HaraldHeinz-Harald Frentzen
3 1994–2003 1997 San Marino Grand Prix 1999 Italian Grand Prix
55 Italy
Fisichella, GiancarloGiancarlo Fisichella
3 1996–2009 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix 2006 Malaysian Grand Prix
63 Argentina
González, José FroilánJosé Froilán González
2 1950–1957
1960 1951 British Grand Prix 1954 British Grand Prix
63 United States
Vukovich, BillBill Vukovich
2 1951–1955 1953 Indianapolis 500 1954 Indianapolis 500
63 France
Trintignant, MauriceMaurice Trintignant
2 1950–1964 1955 Monaco Grand Prix 1958 Monaco Grand Prix
63 Germany
Trips, Wolfgang vonWolfgang von Trips
2 1956–1961 1961 Dutch Grand Prix 1961 British Grand Prix
63 Mexico
Rodríguez, PedroPedro Rodríguez
2 1963–1971 1967 South African Grand Prix 1970 Belgian Grand Prix
63 Switzerland
Siffert, JoJo Siffert
2 1962–1971 1968 British Grand Prix 1971 Austrian Grand Prix
63 United States
Revson, PeterPeter Revson
2 1964
1971–1974 1973 British Grand Prix 1973 Canadian Grand Prix
63 France
Depailler, PatrickPatrick Depailler
2 1972
1974–1980 1978 Monaco Grand Prix 1979 Spanish Grand Prix
63 France
Jabouille, Jean-PierreJean-Pierre Jabouille
2 1974–1975
1977–1981 1979 French Grand Prix 1980 Austrian Grand Prix
63 France
Tambay, PatrickPatrick Tambay
2 1977–1986 1982 German Grand Prix 1983 San Marino Grand Prix
63 Italy
de Angelis, ElioElio de Angelis
2 1979–1986 1982 Austrian Grand Prix 1985 San Marino Grand Prix
63 Finland
Bottas, ValtteriValtteri Bottas
2 2013– 2017 Russian Grand Prix 2017 Austrian Grand Prix
63 Netherlands
Verstappen, MaxMax Verstappen
2 2015– 2016 Spanish Grand Prix 2017 Malaysian Grand Prix
76 United States
Parsons, JohnnieJohnnie Parsons
1 1950–1958 1950 Indianapolis 500 1950 Indianapolis 500
76 United States
Wallard, LeeLee Wallard
1 1950–1951 1951 Indianapolis 500 1951 Indianapolis 500
76 Italy
Fagioli, LuigiLuigi Fagioli
1 1950–1951 1951 French Grand Prix 1951 French Grand Prix
76 Italy
Taruffi, PieroPiero Taruffi
1 1950–1956 1952 Swiss Grand Prix 1952 Swiss Grand Prix
76 United States
Ruttman, TroyTroy Ruttman
1 1950–1952, 1954
1956–1958, 1960 1952 Indianapolis 500 1952 Indianapolis 500
76 United States
Sweikert, BobBob Sweikert
1 1952–1956 1955 Indianapolis 500 1955 Indianapolis 500
76 Italy
Musso, LuigiLuigi Musso
1 1954–1958 1956 Argentine Grand Prix 1956 Argentine Grand Prix
76 United States
Flaherty, PatPat Flaherty
1 1950–1959 1956 Indianapolis 500 1956 Indianapolis 500
76 United States
Hanks, SamSam Hanks
1 1950–1957 1957 Indianapolis 500 1957 Indianapolis 500
76 United States
Bryan, JimmyJimmy Bryan
1 1952–1960 1958 Indianapolis 500 1958 Indianapolis 500
76 United States
Ward, RodgerRodger Ward
1 1951–1960
1963 1959 Indianapolis 500 1959 Indianapolis 500
76 Sweden
Bonnier, JoakimJoakim Bonnier
1 1956–1971 1959 Dutch Grand Prix 1959 Dutch Grand Prix
76 United States
Rathmann, JimJim Rathmann
1 1950
1952–1960 1960 Indianapolis 500 1960 Indianapolis 500
76 Italy
Baghetti, GiancarloGiancarlo Baghetti
1 1961–1967 1961 French Grand Prix 1961 French Grand Prix
76 United Kingdom
Ireland, InnesInnes Ireland
1 1959–1966 1961 United States Grand Prix 1961 United States Grand Prix
76 Italy
Bandini, LorenzoLorenzo Bandini
1 1961–1967 1964 Austrian Grand Prix 1964 Austrian Grand Prix
76 United States
Ginther, RichieRichie Ginther
1 1960–1967 1965 Mexican Grand Prix 1965 Mexican Grand Prix
76 Italy
Scarfiotti, LudovicoLudovico Scarfiotti
1 1963–1968 1966 Italian Grand Prix 1966 Italian Grand Prix
76 United Kingdom
Gethin, PeterPeter Gethin
1 1970–1974 1971 Italian Grand Prix 1971 Italian Grand Prix
76 France
Cevert, FrançoisFrançois Cevert
1 1970–1973 1971 United States Grand Prix 1971 United States Grand Prix
76 France
Beltoise, Jean-PierreJean-Pierre Beltoise
1 1967–1974 1972 Monaco Grand Prix 1972 Monaco Grand Prix
76 Brazil
Pace, José CarlosJosé Carlos Pace
1 1972–1977 1975 Brazilian Grand Prix 1975 Brazilian Grand Prix
76 Germany
Mass, JochenJochen Mass
1 1973–1982 1975 Spanish Grand Prix 1975 Spanish Grand Prix
76 Italy
Brambilla, VittorioVittorio Brambilla
1 1974–1980 1975 Austrian Grand Prix 1975 Austrian Grand Prix
76 Sweden
Nilsson, GunnarGunnar Nilsson
1 1976–1977 1977 Belgian Grand Prix 1977 Belgian Grand Prix
76 Italy
Nannini, AlessandroAlessandro Nannini
1 1986–1990 1989 Japanese Grand Prix 1989 Japanese Grand Prix
76 France
Alesi, JeanJean Alesi
1 1989–2001 1995 Canadian Grand Prix 1995 Canadian Grand Prix
76 France
Panis, OlivierOlivier Panis
1 1994–1999
2001–2004 1996 Monaco Grand Prix 1996 Monaco Grand Prix
76 Italy
Trulli, JarnoJarno Trulli
1 1997–2011 2004 Monaco Grand Prix 2004 Monaco Grand Prix
76 Poland
Kubica, RobertRobert Kubica
1 2006–2010 2008 Canadian Grand Prix 2008 Canadian Grand Prix
76 Finland
Kovalainen, HeikkiHeikki Kovalainen
1 2007–2013 2008 Hungarian Grand Prix 2008 Hungarian Grand Prix
76 Venezuela
Maldonado, PastorPastor Maldonado
1 2011–2015 2012 Spanish Grand Prix 2012 Spanish Grand Prix
By nationality[edit]
All figures correct as of the 2017 Japanese Grand Prix
List of races won by nationality of driver
Rank
Country
Wins
Driver(s)
1
United Kingdom
265 19
2
Germany
172 7
3
Brazil
101 6
4
France
79 12
5
Finland
48 5
6
Italy
43 15
7
Austria
41 3
8
Australia
40 4
9
Argentina
38 3
10
United States
33 15
11
Spain
32 1
12
Canada
17 2
13
New Zealand
12 2
13
Sweden
12 3
15
Belgium
11 2
16
South Africa
10 1
17
Colombia
7 1
17
Switzerland
7 2
19
Mexico
2 1
19
Netherlands
2 1
21
Poland
1 1
21
Venezuela
1 1
See also[edit]
List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors)
References[edit]
General
Diepraam, Mattijs (24 June 2012). "World Championship Grand Prix Wins". Forix. Autosport. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
Specific
Jump up ^ "About FIA". Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "His Serene Highness Prince Rainier of Monte Carlo awarded the first FIA Gold Medal for Motor Sport". Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA). 14 October 2004. Archived from the original on 15 November 2007. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
Jump up ^ "Superb Schumacher signs off in style". BBC Sport. 22 October 2006. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Lynch, Steven (25 May 2012). "The long wait". ESPN. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Ostlere, Lawrence (15 May 2016). "F1: Max Verstappen wins Spanish GP after Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg crash – live!". the Guardian. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Lynch, Steven (3 February 2012). "Over forty but still fast". ESPN. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Grands Prix chronology". Stats F1. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Wins chronology". Stats F1. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sochi stats - Bottas becomes F1's 107th different winner". formula1.com. 30 April 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
External links[edit]
Formula One official website
FIA official website
[hide]
v
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You Ought to Be with Me
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"You Ought to Be with Me"
Single by Al Green
from the album Call Me
Released
1972
Format
7" single
Genre
Soul
Length
3:19
Label
Hi Records
Songwriter(s)
Al Green, Al Jackson, Jr, Willie Mitchell
Al Green singles chronology
"Guilty"
(1972) "You Ought to Be with Me"
(1972) "Hot Wire"
(1973)
"Guilty"
(1972) "You Ought to Be With Me"
(1972) "Hot Wire"
(1973)
"You Ought to Be with Me" is a song by Al Green. Released from his album, Call Me, the single spent a week at number one on the Hot Soul Singles chart. It was also successful on the pop chart, peaking at number three on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in late 1972.[1] It sold over one million copies and was certified gold by the RIAA.
Chart positions[edit]
Charts
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 3
U.S. Billboard Hot Soul Singles 1
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004. Record Research. p. 237.
Preceded by
"If You Don't Know Me by Now" by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes Billboard Best Selling Soul Singles number-one single
December 2, 1972 Succeeded by
"Me and Mrs. Jones" by Billy Paul
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
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Al Green
Studio albums
Initial R&B albums
Back Up Train
Green Is Blues
Al Green Gets Next to You
Let's Stay Together
I'm Still in Love with You
Call Me
Livin' for You
Al Green Explores Your Mind
Al Green Is Love
Full of Fire
Have a Good Time
The Belle Album
Truth n' Time
Gospel albums
The Lord Will Make a Way
Higher Plane
Precious Lord
I'll Rise Again
Trust in God
He Is the Light
Soul Survivor
I Get Joy
From My Soul
Love Is Reality
Don't Look Back
Later secular albums
Your Heart's in Good Hands
I Can't Stop
Everything's OK
Lay It Down
Other albums
Al Green's Greatest Hits
Al Green's Greatest Hits, Volume II
Cream of Al Green
Tokyo Live
The Christmas Album
White Christmas
Hi Life: The Best of Al Green
Al
Greatest Hits
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Take Me to the River
Feels Like Christmas
L-O-V-E: The Essential Al Green
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Absolute Best
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What Makes the World Go 'Round?
Singles
"Tired of Being Alone"
"Let's Stay Together"
"Look What You Done for Me"
"I'm Still in Love with You"
"You Ought to Be with Me"
"Call Me (Come Back Home)"
"Here I Am (Come and Take Me)"
"Livin' for You"
"Let's Get Married"
"Sha-La-La (Make Me Happy)"
"L-O-V-E (Love)"
"Full of Fire"
"Love and Happiness"
"Put a Little Love in Your Heart" (with Annie Lennox)
"Love Is a Beautiful Thing"
"Keep On Pushing Love"
Related articles
Discography
Book:Al Green

This 1970s R&B/soul music song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Categories:
1972 singles
Al Green songs
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Songs written by Willie Mitchell (musician)
Songs written by Al Green
Songs written by Al Jackson Jr.
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text:
To Love Somebody (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"To Love Somebody"
Single by Bee Gees
from the album Bee Gees' 1st
B-side
"Close Another Door"
Released
June 1967
Format
7", 45rpm
Recorded
April 1967
Genre
Baroque pop
Length
3:02
Label
Polydor (United Kingdom)
Atco (United States)
Spin (Australia)
Songwriter(s)
Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb
Producer(s)
Robert Stigwood, Ossie Byrne
Bee Gees UK singles chronology
"New York Mining Disaster 1941"
(1967) "To Love Somebody"
(1967) "Massachusetts"
(1967)
"New York Mining Disaster 1941"
(1967) "To Love Somebody"
(1967) "Massachusetts"
(1967)
Bee Gees US singles chronology
"New York Mining Disaster 1941"
(1967) New York Mining Disaster 19411967 "To Love Somebody"
(1967) To Love Somebody1967 "Holiday"
(1967) Holiday1967
Alternative cover
Japanese cover for "To Love Somebody"
"To Love Somebody" is a song written by Barry and Robin Gibb. Produced by Robert Stigwood, it was the second single released by the Bee Gees from their international debut album, Bee Gees 1st, in 1967.[1] The single reached No. 17 in the United States and No. 41 in the United Kingdom. The song's B-side was "Close Another Door".[2] The single was reissued in 1980 on RSO Records with "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart" as its flipside. The song ranked at number 94 on NME magazine's "100 Best Tracks of the Sixties".[3] It was a minor hit in the UK and France. It reached the top 20 in the US. It reached the top 10 in Canada.
In a 2017 interview with Piers Morgan's Life Stories, Barry was asked "of all the songs that you've ever written, which song would you choose?" Barry said that "To Love Somebody" was the song that he'd choose as it has "a clear, emotional message".[4]
The song has been recorded by many other artists, including Nina Simone, Janis Joplin, Roberta Flack, Jimmy Somerville, Michael Bolton, Billy Corgan, Rod Stewart, Michael Bublé and Hank Williams Jr..
Contents
1 Origins and lyrics
2 Personnel
3 Charts
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Cover versions
4.1 Michael Bolton version
4.1.1 Weekly charts
4.1.2 Year-end charts
4.2 Michael Bublé version
5 Movie appearances
6 References
7 External links
Origins and lyrics[edit]
"To Love Somebody"
"To Love Somebody" is a soul ballad recorded by the Bee Gees.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
At the request of Robert Stigwood, the band's manager, Barry and Robin Gibb wrote "To Love Somebody", a soulful ballad in the style of Sam & Dave or The Rascals, for Otis Redding.[5] Redding came to see Barry at the Plaza in New York City one night. Robin claimed that "[Otis Redding] said he loved our material and would Barry write him a song".[6]
The Bee Gees recorded "To Love Somebody" at IBC Studios, London in March 1967 and released it as a single in mid-July 1967 in the US. Redding died in an aeroplane crash later that year, before having a chance to record the song. The song was recorded around April 1967 with "Gilbert Green" and "End of My Song" at the IBC Studios in London, England.[7]
Robin said, "Everyone told us what a great record they thought it was, Other groups all raved about it but for some reason people in Britain just did not seem to like it." Barry said, "I think the reason it didn't do well here was because it's a soul number, Americans loved it, but it just wasn't right for this country".[8]
Barry Gibb explained in a June 2001 interview with Mojo magazine:
It was for Robert. I say that unabashedly. He asked me to write a song for him, personally. It was written in New York and played to Otis but, personally, it was for Robert. He meant a great deal to me. I don't think it was a homosexual affection but a tremendous admiration for this man's abilities and gifts.[9]
Robert being the Bee Gee's manager, Robert Stigwood.
The simple title refrain of the chorus, "You don't know what it's like, Baby, you don't know what it's like, To love somebody...the way I love you" has the effect of being at once heartbreaking and triumphant, a self-pitying put-down to an unrequited love. "There's... a certain kind of light that never shone on me... You ain't got to be so blind, I'm a man, can't you see what I am?, I live and breathe for you, But what good does that do, If I ain't got you?".[10]
Personnel[edit]
Barry Gibb – lead vocal, guitar
Robin Gibb – harmony vocal
Maurice Gibb – bass guitar
Vince Melouney – guitar
Colin Petersen – drums
Bill Shepherd – orchestral arrangement
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1967)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[11] 6
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[12] 8
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[12] 9
France (SNEP)[12] 65
Germany (Media Control Charts)[13] 19
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[14] 9
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[15] 41
US Billboard Hot 100[16] 17
US Cash Box[12] 24
US Record World[12] 18
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1967)
Position
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[14] 20
Cover versions[edit]
One of the most famous Gibb compositions, "To Love Somebody" has been covered by many artists. Some of the most notable versions include:
1968: Gary Puckett & The Union Gap included the song on their debut album Woman, Woman
1968: The Sweet Inspirations recorded the song, which reached #30 on the R&B charts.
1968: Eric Burdon and The Animals released a cover of this song on their album Love Is
1969: James Carr released this song as a single and reached #44 on the R&B Charts.
1969: Nina Simone covered "To Love Somebody" released on her album To Love Somebody, which reached #5 in UK and became her second British hit single after "Ain't Got No-I Got Life".
1969: Janis Joplin covered "To Love Somebody" released on her album titled I Got Dem Ol' Kozmic Blues Again Mama! She performed the song on the Dick Cavitt show and also at Woodstock.
1969: Busty Brown: covered "To Love Somebody" produced by Lee Perry
1969: Roberta Flack covered "To Love Somebody" released on her album titled Quiet Fire.
1974: Kathi McDonald covered "To Love Somebody" on the album Insane Asylum.
1976: Gram Parsons and The Flying Burrito Brothers covered "To Love Somebody" on the album Close Up the Honky Tonks.
1977: Narvel Felts released the song, reaching #22 on the Hot Country Singles chart.
1988: Bonnie Tyler released her version on her album Hide Your Heart
1989: Billy "Crash" Craddock from Back on Track; peaked at number 91 on the RPM Country Tracks chart in Canada[17]
1990: Jimmy Somerville released his UK top 5 version.
1992: Michael Bolton released it as a single as well as including it on the album Timeless: The Classics and his version reached #11 on the US Hot 100 Chart.[18]
1996: The English alternative rock band Gallon Drunk covered To Love Somebody on their album In the Long Still Night.
2001: Blue Rodeo covered this song for their ninth studio album Greatest Hits.
2005: Billy Corgan covered this song for his first solo studio album TheFutureEmbrace.
2013: Michael Bublé covered this song for his eighth studio album To Be Loved, the album's fifth single.
2013: Natalia Przybysz covered the song on her album Kozmic Blues: Tribute to Janis Joplin.
2015: Lindi Ortega covered the song on her album Faded Gloryville.
2016: Dexys covered this song on their fifth album, Let The Record Show: Dexys Do Irish And Country Soul.
2016: Karl Blau released his version on his album Introducing Karl Blau
2017: Performed by Keith Urban at the Bee Gees Grammy Salute.
2017: Danis Mallais (canadian song-writer/singer) released on his album Authentique
2018: Australian band Human Nature covered the song on their 2018 album Romance of the Jukebox.
Michael Bolton version[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1993)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100[18] 11
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1993)
Position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[19] 24
Michael Bublé version[edit]
Chart (2013–14)
Peak
position
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)[20]
13
Movie appearances[edit]
"To Love Somebody" has been used in several movies including I Love You Phillip Morris, Y Tu Mamá También, Melody, The Wrong Man, My Entire Life and 50/50. Also this song has been used in a trailer for Joy (2015).
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Show 49 - The British are Coming! The British are Coming!: With an emphasis on Donovan, the Bee Gees, and the Who. [Part 6] : UNT Digital Library
Jump up ^ Discogs.com. "Bee Gees - To Love Somebody (original issue)".
Jump up ^ "100 Best Songs of the 1960s". NME. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Piers Morgan's Life Stories: Barry Gibb YouTube - Interview
Jump up ^ Melinda Bilyeu, Hector Cook, Andrew Môn Hughes (2004). The Bee Gees: Tales of the Brothers Gibb Omnibus Press, ISBN 978-1-84449-057-8, p. 134.
Jump up ^ David N. Meyer. "The Bee Gees: The Biography". Retrieved 5 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Joseph Brennan. "Gibb Songs: 1967".
Jump up ^ Hughes, Andrew. Bee Gees: Tales Of The Brothers Gibb. ISBN 9780857120045. Retrieved 21 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Songfacts.com. "To Love Somebody - Bee Gees".
Jump up ^ Janovitz, Bill. "Bee Gees - To Love Somebody". Allmusic. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
Jump up ^ "Songs Written by the Gibb Family on the International Charts" (PDF). brothersgibb.org. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Songs Written by the Gibb Family on the International Charts - part 1" (PDF). brothersgibb.org. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bee Gees - To Love Somebody". officialcharts.de. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bee Gees - To Love Somebody". Dutch Charts. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bee Gees - Chart history". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Bee Gees - Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "RPM Country Tracks". RPM. 3 March 1990. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Billboard Top 100 - 1993". Retrieved 27 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "RPM 100 Hit Tracks of 1993". RPM. Archived from the original on 24 August 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics

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1960s
1963
"The Battle of the Blue and the Grey" / "The Three Kisses of Love"
"Timber!" / "Take Hold of That Star"
1964
"Peace of Mind" / "Don't Say Goodbye"
"Claustrophobia" / "Could It Be"
"Turn Around, Look at Me" / "(Theme From) The Travels of Jamie McPheeters"
1965
"Every Day I Have to Cry" / "You Wouldn't Know"
"Wine and Women" / "Follow the Wind"
"I Was A Lover, A Leader of Men" / "And the Children Laughing"
1966
"I Want Home" / "Cherry Red"
"Monday's Rain" / "All of My Life"
"Spicks and Specks" / "I Am the World"
1967
"Born a Man" / "Big Chance"
"New York Mining Disaster 1941" / "I Can't See Nobody"
"To Love Somebody" / "Close Another Door"
"Holiday" / "Every Christian Lion Hearted Man Will Show You"
"Massachusetts" / "Barker of the UFO"
"World" / "Sir Geoffrey Saved the World"
1968
"Words" / "Sinking Ships"
"Jumbo" / "The Singer Sang His Song"
"I've Gotta Get a Message to You" / "Kitty Can"
"I Started a Joke" / "Kilburn Towers"
1969
"First of May" / "Lamplight"
"Tomorrow Tomorrow" / "Sun in My Morning"
"Don't Forget to Remember" / "The Lord"
1970s
1970
"If Only I Had My Mind on Something Else" / "Sweetheart" (US)
"I.O.I.O." / "Sweetheart"
"Lonely Days" / "Man for All Seasons"
1971
"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart" / "Country Woman"
"Don't Wanna Live Inside Myself" / "Walking Back to Waterloo"
1972
"My World" / "On Time"
"Run to Me" / "Road to Alaska"
"Alive" / Paper Mache, Cabbages and Kings"
1973
"Saw a New Morning" / "My Life Has Been a Song"
"Wouldn't I Be Someone" / "Elisa"
1974
"Mr. Natural" / "It Doesn't Matter Much to Me"
"Throw a Penny" / "I Can't Let You Go"
"Charade" / "Heavy Breathing"
1975
"Jive Talkin'" / "Wind of Change"
"Nights on Broadway" / "Edge of the Universe"
1976
"Fanny (Be Tender with My Love)" / "Country Lanes"
"You Should Be Dancing" / "Subway"
"Love So Right" / "You Stepped Into My Life"
1977
"Boogie Child" / "Lovers"
"Edge of the Universe (live)" / "Words (live)"
"How Deep Is Your Love" / "Can't Keep a Good Man Down" (live)
"Stayin' Alive" / "If I Can't Have You"
1978
"Night Fever" / "Down the Road (live)"
"Too Much Heaven" / "Rest Your Love on Me"
1979
"Tragedy" / "Until"
"Love You Inside Out" / "I'm Satisfied"
1980s
1981
"He's a Liar"
"Living Eyes" / "I Still Love You"
1983
"The Woman in You" / "Stayin' Alive"
"Someone Belonging to Someone" / "I Love You Too Much" (instrumental)
1987
"You Win Again" / "Backtafunk"
"E.S.P." / "Overnight"
1989
"Ordinary Lives" / "Wing and a Prayer"
"One" / "Flesh and Blood"
1990s
1990
"Bodyguard" / "Will You Ever Let Me"
1991
"Secret Love" / "Party with No Name"
"When He's Gone" / "True Confessions"
"The Only Love" / "You Win Again" (live)
"Happy Ever After" / "Evolution"
1993
"Paying the Price of Love" / "My Destiny"
"For Whom the Bell Tolls" / "Decadance"
1994
"How to Fall in Love, Part 1" / "Fallen Angel"
"Kiss of Life" / "855-7019"
1997
"Alone" / "Rings Around the Moon"
"I Could Not Love You More" / "Love Never Dies" (EUR)
"Still Waters (Run Deep)" / "Love Never Dies"
2000s
2001
"This Is Where I Came In" / "Just in Case"
Other countries
1968
"And the Sun Will Shine" / "Really and Sincerely" (France)
1970
"Let There Be Love" / "Really and Sincerely" (Netherlands)
1971
"When the Swallows Fly" / "Give Your Best" (Netherlands)
"Morning of my Life" / "To Love Somebody"
1972
"Israel" / "Dearest" (Netherlands)
"Sea of Smiling Faces" / "Please Don't Turn Out the Lights"
1977
"Children of the World" / "Boogie Child" (Australia}
1988
"Crazy for Your Love" / "You Win Again (Remix)"
"Angela" / "You Win Again (Remix)" (Germany, Netherlands)
show
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Jimmy Somerville
Discography
Studio albums
Read My Lips
Dare to Love
Manage the Damage
Home Again
Compilations
The Singles Collection 1984/1990
The Very Best of Jimmy Somerville, Bronski Beat and The Communards
For a Friend: The Best of Bronski Beat, The Communards & Jimmy Somerville
Singles
"Suspicious Minds"
"Comment te dire adieu"
"You Make Me Feel (Mighty Real)"
"Read My Lips (Enough Is Enough)"
"To Love Somebody"
"Smalltown Boy ('91 Remix)"
"Gimme Shelter"
"Heartbeat"
"Hurt So Good"
"By Your Side"
"The Number One Song in Heaven"
"Why? (Almighty Mix)"
"Can't Take My Eyes Off You"
"Ain't No Mountain High Enough"
Other songs
"Love to Love You Baby"
"Johnny Remember Me"
"Lover Man"
"Do They Know It's Christmas?"
"From This Moment On"
"Someday We'll Be Together"
"But Not Tonight"
"I Was Born This Way"
"Tell Me Why"
Related articles
Bronski Beat
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Category
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=To_Love_Somebody_(song)&oldid=860308601"
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Reversal potential
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the biological application of the Nernst equation. For the general equation, see Nernst equation.
In a biological membrane, the reversal potential (also known as the Nernst potential) of an ion is the membrane potential at which there is no net (overall) flow of that particular ion from one side of the membrane to the other. In the case of post-synaptic neurons, the reversal potential is the membrane potential at which a given neurotransmitter causes no net current flow of ions through that neurotransmitter receptor's ion channel.[1]
In a single-ion system, reversal potential is synonymous with equilibrium potential; their numerical values are identical. The two terms refer to different aspects of the difference in membrane potential. Equilibrium refers to the fact that the net ion flux at a particular voltage is zero. That is, the outward and inward rates of ion movement are the same; the ion flux is in equilibrium. Reversal refers to the fact that a change of membrane potential on either side of the equilibrium potential reverses the overall direction of ion flux.[1]
The reversal potential is often called the "Nernst potential", as it can be calculated from the Nernst equation. Ion channels conduct most of the flow of simple ions in and out of cells. When a channel type that is selective to one species of ion dominates within the membrane of a cell (because other ion channels are closed, for example) then the voltage inside the cell will equilibrate (i.e. become equal) to the reversal potential for that ion (assuming the outside of the cell is at 0 volts). For example, the resting potential of most cells is close to the K+ (potassium ion) reversal potential. This is because at resting potential, potassium conductance dominates. During a typical action potential, the small resting ion conductance mediated by potassium channels is overwhelmed by the opening of a large number of Na+ (sodium ion) channels, which brings the membrane potential towards the reversal potential of sodium.
The relationship between the terms "reversal potential" and "equilibrium potential" only holds true for single-ion systems. In multi-ion systems, there are areas of the cell membrane where the summed currents of the multiple ions will equal zero. While this is a reversal potential in the sense that membrane potential reverses direction, it is not an equilibrium potential because not all (and in some cases, none) of the ions are in equilibrium and thus have net fluxes across the membrane. When a cell has significant permeabilities to more than one ion, the cell potential can be calculated from the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation rather than the Nernst equation.
Contents
[hide]
1 Mathematical models
2 Use in research
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Mathematical models[edit]
The term driving force is related to equilibrium potential, and is likewise useful in understanding the current in biological membranes. Driving force refers to the difference between the actual membrane potential and an ion's equilibrium potential. It is defined by the following equation:
I i o n = g i o n ( V m − E i o n ) {\displaystyle {I_{ion}}={g_{ion}}({V_{m}}-{E_{ion}})\,} where V m − E i o n {\displaystyle {V_{m}}-{E_{ion}}} is the Driving Force.
In words, this equation says that: the ionic current (Iion) is equal to that ion's conductance (gion) multiplied by the driving force, which is represented by the difference between the membrane potential and the ion's equilibrium potential (i.e. Vm-Eion). Note that the ionic current will be zero if the membrane is impermeable (gion = 0) to the ion in question, regardless of the size of the driving force.
A related equation (which is derived from the more general equation above) determines the magnitude of an end plate current (EPC), at a given membrane potential, in the neuromuscular junction:
E P C = g A C h ( V m − E r e v ) {\displaystyle EPC={g_{ACh}}({V_{m}}-{E_{rev}})\,}
where EPC is the end plate current, gACh is the ionic conductance activated by acetylcholine, Vm is the membrane potential, and Erev is the reversal potential. When the membrane potential is equal to the reversal potential, Vm-Erev is equal to 0 and there is no driving force on the ions involved.[1]
Use in research[edit]
When Vm is at the reversal potential (Vm-Erev is equal to 0), the identity of the ions that flow during an EPC can be deduced by comparing the reversal potential of the EPC to the equilibrium potential for various ions. For instance several excitatory ionotropic ligand-gated neurotransmitter receptors including glutamate receptors (AMPA, NMDA, and kainate), nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh), and serotonin (5-HT3) receptors are nonselective cation channels that pass Na+ and K+ in nearly equal proportions, giving an equilibrium potential close to 0 mV. The inhibitory ionotropic ligand-gated neurotransmitter receptors that carry Cl−, such as GABAA and glycine receptors, have equilibrium potentials close to the resting potential (approximately –70 mV) in neurons.[1]
This line of reasoning led to the development of experiments (by Akira Takeuchi and Noriko Takeuchi in 1960) that proved that acetylcholine-activated ion channels are approximately equally permeable to Na+ and K+ ions. The experiment was performed by lowering the external Na+ concentration, which lowers (more negative) the Na+ equilibrium potential and produces a negative shift in reversal potential. Conversely, increasing the external K+ concentration raises (more positive) the K+ equilibrium potential and produces a positive shift in reversal potential.[1]
See also[edit]
Electrochemical potential
Cell potential
Goldman equation
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Dale Purves; et al. (2008). Neuroscience, 4th Edition. Sinauer Associates. pp. 109–11. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
External links[edit]
Nernst/Goldman Equation Simulator
Nernst Equation Calculator
Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz Equation Calculator
Electrochemical Driving Force Calculator
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reversal_potential&oldid=768744023"
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x

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values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: جهد الاعتكاس – Arabic

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Reversal_potential rootpage-Reversal_potential skin-vector action-view