text:
Philadelphia Charter School for Arts and Sciences
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Henry R. Edmunds School
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Henry R. Edmunds Schol, September 2010
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Location
1197 Haworth St.,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Coordinates
40°01′30″N 75°05′13″W / 40.0251°N 75.0870°W / 40.0251; -75.0870Coordinates: 40°01′30″N 75°05′13″W / 40.0251°N 75.0870°W / 40.0251; -75.0870
Area
3 acres (1.2 ha)
Built
1923–1924
Architect
Irwin T. Catharine
Architectural style
Colonial Revival
MPS
Philadelphia Public Schools TR
NRHP reference #
88002266[1]
Added to NRHP
November 18, 1988
Philadelphia Charter School for Arts and Sciences at H.R. Edmunds is a charter school located in the Northwood neighborhood of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is located in the former Henry R. Edmunds School building. The building was designed by Irwin T. Catharine and built in 1923–1924. It is a three-story, nine-bay, brick building on a raised basement in the Colonial Revival style. It features a projecting entrance pavilion, stone cornice, and brick parapet.[2]
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.[1]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
Jump up ^ "National Historic Landmarks & National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania" (Searchable database). CRGIS: Cultural Resources Geographic Information System. Note: This includes Jefferson M. Moak (May 1987). "Pennsylvania Historic Resource Survey Form: Henry R. Edmunds School" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-07-03.
External links[edit]
Official website
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philadelphia_Charter_School_for_Arts_and_Sciences&oldid=798559296"
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St John the Baptist Church (Taytay, Rizal)
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St John the Baptist Church, also known as San Juan Bautista Church, is a Roman Catholic church located in Taytay, Rizal, Philippines.
St John the Baptist Church
San Juan Bautista Church/Taytay Church
14°34′17″N 121°07′57″E / 14.57125°N 121.13258888888888°E / 14.57125; 121.13258888888888Coordinates: 14°34′17″N 121°07′57″E / 14.57125°N 121.13258888888888°E / 14.57125; 121.13258888888888
Location
Taytay, Rizal
Country
Philippines
Denomination
Roman Catholic
History
Founded
1579
Architecture
Completed
1630
Administration
Diocese
Diocese of Antipolo
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Blessed Diego de San Vitores and St. Pedro Calungsod
1.2 Later works and expansion
2 References
3 External links
History[edit]
Franciscan missionaries first arrived to establish a parish in Taytay in 1579 and built a chapel made of light materials near the shores of Laguna de Bay named "Visita de Sta. Ana de Sapa," dedicated to its patron saint, John the Baptist. Jesuit missionaries took over the administration of the parish in 1591, with Rev Pedro Chirino becoming parish priest. Under Chirino, the parish was relocated from the flood-prone shores of Laguna de Bay to a higher location in a hill which was called San Juan del Monte where the parish has remained to this day.[1]
It was during his stint as parish priest that Rev Chirino began to document the Tagalog language as well as the way of life of Filipinos from his interactions with the inhabitants, forming the basis for his book "Relación de las Islas Filipinas".[2]
A new church made of stone was built in 1599. Completed in 1601, it was considered to be the first church built by the Jesuits out of stone outside Manila. A larger church was constructed in 1630 by Fr Juan de Salazar. In 1632 typhoon blew away the roofing of the new church, which was soon replaced with the help of the townspeople. The church sustained significant damage in 1639 when the Chinese set fire to the church in their revolt against Spanish authorities.[citation needed]
Blessed Diego de San Vitores and St. Pedro Calungsod[edit]
Diego Luis de San Vitores was a Jesuit missionary who was assigned to Taytay from 1662 to 1668. In 1666, the Jesuits assigned a young boy named Pedro Calungsod as an altar boy in the church. Calungsod would eventually become San Vitores' assistant throughout the latter's assignment in Taytay.[1]
San Vitores was eventually assigned to be a missionary in the Marianas Islands in 1668 and Calungsod went with him as his assistant. It was in the Marianas where they would meet their martyrdom in 1672. San Vitores was among the martyred missionaries in the Mariana beatified by the Catholic Church in 1985. Calungsod was beatified in 2001 and canonized in 2012.[citation needed]
Later works and expansion[edit]
Additional works were made to the church in 1768 and 1864. Both the Church and the convent were reduced to ruins during the Philippine-American War.[1] The church remained in such state until it was reconstructed after the War. The present church is built from concrete and no trace of the old Jesuit Church.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Fernandez, Jose (2013). Lakbay-Pananampalataya. Taytay, Rizal: St John the Baptist Parish.
Jump up ^ "Today in Philippine history, September 16, 1635, Father Pedro Chirino died in Manila". The Kahimyang Project. Retrieved August 30, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Saint John the Baptist Parish Church of Taytay.
[show]
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Dioecesis Antipolensis
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Protacio Gungon
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Cathedral
Immaculate Conception Cathedral
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Our Lady of the Abandoned
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St_John_the_Baptist_Church_(Taytay,_Rizal)&oldid=798415529"
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President of Pakistan
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President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
صدر مملکت اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان
Standard of the President of Pakistan
Incumbent
Arif Alvi
since 9 September 2018
Style
Mr. President
(informal)
Honourable President
(formal)
His Excellency[1]
(In international correspondence)
Type
Head of State
(Ceremonial)
Residence
Presidential Palace
Seat
Aiwan-e-Sadar, Islamabad
Appointer
Electoral College
Term length
Five years
Renewable once
Constituting instrument
Constitution of Pakistan
Inaugural holder
Iskander Mirza
(1956–1958)
Formation
March 23, 1956; 62 years ago (1956-03-23)
Website
President of Pakistan
Pakistan
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Pakistan
Constitution[show]
Previous constitutions:1956
1962
1973
Annex (written 1949, incorporated 1985)
Amendments
Law
Government[show]
President (list): Arif Alvi
Parliament
Senate
Chairman: Sadiq Sanjrani
Deputy Chairman: Saleem Mandviwalla
National Assembly
Speaker: Asad Qaiser
Deputy Speaker: Qasim Suri
Executive:
Prime Minister (list): Imran Khan
Federal Cabinet
Federal Agencies
Civil Service
Judiciary
Supreme Judicial Council
Supreme Court
Chief Justice
Federal Shariat Court
Supreme Appellate Court Gilgit-Baltistan
Chief Justices
Islamabad High Court
Provincial High Courts
Chief Court Gilgit-Baltistan
District Courts
Elections[show]
Election Commission
Electoral College
Recent elections
Presidential: 2018
2013
2008
General: 2018
2013
2008
Political parties
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf
Pakistan Muslim League (N)
Pakistan Peoples Party
Administrative units[show]
Provinces
Balochistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Punjab
Sindh
Territories
Islamabad
Autonomous region
Azad Kashmir
Gilgit–Baltistan
Federalism[show]
Azad Kashmir government
President
Prime Minister
Legislative Assembly
Provincial governments
Governors
Chief Ministers
Provincial Assemblies
Local government
Divisions
Districts
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Foreign relations[show]
China - Pakistan relations
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v
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The President of Pakistan (Urdu: صدر مملکت پاکستان — Ṣadr-e Mumlikat-e Pākistān, Urdu pronunciation: [ˌsəd̪ˈr-eː ˈmʊm.lɪˌkət̪-e pɑː.kɪs.t̪ɑːn]), is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the civilian Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces, per the Constitution of Pakistan.[2] The office-holder represents the "unity of the Republic".[3] The current President of Pakistan is Arif Alvi.
The President is kept informed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan on all matters of internal and foreign policy, as well as all legislative proposals.[4] The Constitution vests the President with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves, and the control of the military; however, all appointments at higher commands of the military must be made by the President on a "required and necessary" basis, upon consultation and approval from the Prime Minister.[5] In addition, the Constitution prohibits the President from exercising the authority of running the government.[6]
The president is indirectly elected by the Parliament of Pakistan through the Electoral College for a five-year term. The Constitution requires the President to be a "Muslim of not less than forty five (45) years of age". The President resides in an estate in Islamabad known as Aiwan-e-Sadar (Presidential Palace). There have been a total of 13 Presidents. In the absence of the President, the Senate Chairman takes over as the Acting President until the President resumes office, or the election for the next President is held.
Contents
1 Powers and authority
1.1 Role of the president
1.2 Eligibility and selection process
1.3 Election and oath
1.4 Line of succession and removal
2 List of Presidents
2.1 Chronological list of Presidents with tenure
2.2 Living Former Presidents
3 Political background
3.1 Early origins
3.2 Past Interventions
3.3 Figurehead overview
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Powers and authority[edit]
Role of the president[edit]
The Ceremonial guard of honour at the Aiwan-e-sadr.
The official residence and principal workplace of the president is Aiwan-e-Sadr— the presidential palace located in northeastern Islamabad. The presidency forms the vital institutional organ of state and is part of the bicameral Parliament.[7]
Powers to exercise the authority are limited to the ceremonial figurehead, and required to address the Parliament to give a direction for national policies before being informed of its key decisions.[8][9][10]
In addition, the President is also a civil commander-in-chief of the military, with Chairman joint chiefs being its chief military adviser to maintain the control of the military.[11] After a thorough confirmation comes from the Prime Minister, the President confirms the judicial appointments in the national court system.[12][13] In addition, the Constitution allows the President to grant pardons, reprieves, and clemency in cases recommended to him by the executive and the judiciary.[14] The President himself has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during the term of his office.[15]
There shall be a President of Pakistan who shall be the Head of State and shall represent the "unity of the Republic."
—  Article 41 in Chapter 1: The President of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan, source[16]
From 2000 until 2009, the President was the chairman of the National Security Council who had authority and control over the nuclear and strategic arsenals; however, the chairmanship and the powers transferred back to Prime Minister.[17] Furthermore, the presidential powers have significantly declined with Pakistan's government reversed to a parliamentary democratic republic.[18]
Eligibility and selection process[edit]
The Constitution of Pakistan sets the principle qualifications that the candidate must meet to be eligible to the office of the President.[19] A President has to be:
A citizen of Pakistan.[3]
A Muslim.[19]
At least 45 years of age.[19]
Qualified to be elected as member of the National Assembly.[19]
Whenever the Aiwan-e-Sadr becomes vacant, the selection of president is done by the electoral college, which consists of both houses of Parliament (the Senate and National Assembly) and the four provincial assemblies.[20] The Chief Election Commissioner has to conduct elections to the office of the President in a special session.[21] Voting takes place in secrecy.[22]
Each elector casts a different number of votes.[22] The general principle is that the total number of votes cast by members of Parliament equals the total number of votes cast by provincial legislators.[22] Also, legislators from larger states cast more votes than those from smaller provinces.[22]
The actual calculation for votes cast by a particular state is calculated by dividing the state's population by numbers of seat, which is divided again by the number of legislators from the state voting in the electoral college.[22] The constitution further states that election to the office of President will not be held earlier than sixty days and not later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the President in office.[22]
Election and oath[edit]
The president is elected indirectly for a term of five years.[23] The incumbent president is eligible for re-election to that office, but cannot hold that office for more than two consecutive terms.[24] The president is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the Chief Justice—, an oath or affirmation that the president shall protect, preserve and defend the Constitution as follows:
I, (The name of the President-elect), do solemnly swear that I am a Muslim and believe in the Unity and Oneness of Almighty Allah, the Books of Allah, the Holy Qura'an being the last of them, the Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last of the Prophets and that there can be no Prophet after him, the Day of Judgment, and all the requirements and teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah:
That I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan:
That, as President of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, honestly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan:
That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions:
That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan:
That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favour, affection or ill- will:
And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as President of Pakistan, except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as President. May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen).
In Urdu,

بسم اللہ الرحمان الرحیم
میں (صدر-منتخب کا نام )صدق دل سے حلف اٹھاتا ہوں کہ میں مسلمان ہوں اور وحدت و توحید قادر مطلق اللہ تعالیٰ کتاب الہٰیہ جن میں قرآن پاک خاتم الکتب اور نبوت حضرت محمد ﷺ بحیثیت خاتم النبیین جن کے بعد کوئی نبی نہیں آسکتا روز قیامت اور قرآن پاک اور سنت کی جملہ مقتدیات و تعلیمات پر ایمان رکھتا ہوں۔ کہ میں خلوص نیت سے پاکستان کا حامی اور وفادار رہوں گا کہ بحیثیت صدر پاکستان میں اپنے فرائض و کارہائے منصبی ایمانداری اپنی انتہائی صلاحیت اور وفاداری کے ساتھ اسلامی جمہوریہ پاکستان کے دستور اور قانون کے مطابق اور ہمیشہ پاکستان کی خودمختاری سالمیت استحکام یکجہتی اور خوشحالی کی خاطر انجام دوں گا۔ کہ میں اسلامی نظریے کو برقرار رکھنے کے لیے کوشاں رہوں گا جو قیام پاکستان کی بنیاد ہے کہ میں اپنے ذاتی مفاد کو اپنے سرکاری کام یا اپنے سرکاری فیصلوں پر اثر انداز نہیں ہونے دوں گا۔ کہ میں اسلامی جموریہ پاکستان کے دستور کو برقرار رکھوں گا اور اس کا تحفظ اور دفاع کروں گا اور یہ کہ میں ہر حالت میں ہر قسم کے لوگوں کے ساتھ بلا خوف ورعایت اور بلارغبت و عناد قانون کے مطابق انصاف کروں گا اور یہ کہ میں کسی شخص کو بلاواسطہ یا بالواسطہ کسی ایسے معاملے کی نہ اطلاع دوں گا اور نہ ظاہر کروں گاجو بحیثیت صدر پاکستان میرے سامنے غور کیلئے پیش کیا جائے گا یا میرے علم میں آئے بجز جبکہ بحیثیت صدر اپنے فرائض کی کماحقہ انجام دہی کیلئے ایسا کرنا ضروری ہو۔ اللہ تعالیٰ میری مدد اور رہنمائی فرمائے، آمین۔
—  Article 42 in Chapter 1: The President in Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan
Line of succession and removal[edit]
Main article: Line of succession to the President of Pakistan
The Constitution discusses the possibility of an acting president.[25] Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as presidential candidates in case of vacancy as the constitution does not allow for a vice president:
The Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan
The Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan.[26]
The President may be removed before the expiry of the term through impeachment. The President can be removed for violation of the Constitution of Pakistan.[27]
The impeachment process may start in either of the two houses of the Parliament. The house initiates the process by leveling the charges against the President.[28] The charges are contained in a notice that has to be signed by either the Chairman or the Speaker National Assembly through a two-third majority.[28] The notice is sent up to the President, and 14 days later it is taken up for consideration.[29]
A resolution to impeach the President has to be passed by the two-third majority.[30] The Speaker National Assembly then summons the joint session not earlier than seven days.[31] The President has the right to defend oneself.[32]
If the resolution is passed by the two-third majority at the joint session declaring that the President is unfit to hold the office due to incapacity or is guilty of violating the Constitution or of gross misconduct, then the President shall cease to hold office immediately on the passing of the resolution.[33]
No president has faced impeachment proceedings. However, the proceedings have been used in 2008 in an attempt to impeach former president Pervez Musharraf who tendered the resignation after the proceedings above were used.[34]
List of Presidents[edit]
Main article: List of Presidents of Pakistan
Chronological list of Presidents with tenure[edit]
Iskander Mirza[35] (23 March 1956–27 October 1958)
Ayub Khan[35] (27 October 1958–25 March 1969)
Yahya Khan[35] (25 March 1969–20 December 1971)
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto[35] (20 December 1971–13 August 1973)
Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry[35] (14 August 1973–September 1978)
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq[35] (16 September 1978–17 August 1988)
Ghulam Ishaq Khan[35] (17 August 1988–18 July 1993)
Farooq Leghari[36] (14 November 1993–2 December 1997)
Rafiq Tarar[36] (1 January 1998–21 June 2001)
Pervez Musharraf[36] (20 June 2001–18 August 2008)
Asif Ali Zardari[36] (9 September 2008–8 September 2013
Mamnoon Hussain[36] (9 September 2013–8 September 2018)
Arif Alvi[36] (9 September 2018-present)
Living Former Presidents[edit]
Living former presidents
Muhammad Rafiq Tarar
(PML-N)
9th, served 1998–2001
(1929-11-02) 2 November 1929 (age 88)
Pervez Musharraf
(PML-Q)
10th, served 2001–2008
(1943-08-11) 11 August 1943 (age 75)
Asif Ali Zardari
(PPP)
11th, served 2008–2013
(1955-07-26) 26 July 1955 (age 63)
Mamnoon Hussain
(PML-N)
12th, served 2013–2018
(1940-12-23) 23 December 1940 (age 77)
Political background[edit]
Presidential standard (1956–1967)
Early origins[edit]
From 1947 until 1956, the Governor-General of Pakistan acted for the head of state: King George VI (until 1952) and Queen Elizabeth II (from 1952). With the promulgation of the first Constitution, Pakistan became an Islamic republic in 1956, and the Governor-General was replaced with the presidency. The incumbent Governor-General, Iskander Mirza, became Pakistan's first president. He reportedly suspended the first Constitution in 1958, and appointed Army Commander-in-Chief General Ayub Khan as the first chief martial law administrator. Khan subsequently dismissed Mirza in order to become the president.
The second Constitution introduced by President Ayub Khan turned the country into a presidential republic without direct elections. Succumbing to internal and international pressure, however, Khan held a nationwide presidential election in 1965. Khan successfully campaigned against his opponent, Fatima Jinnah, for a second term, but some have alleged that elections were rigged in favour of Khan.
Presidential standard (1974–1998)
Controversy regarding the U-2 incident (1960), privatization (1963), and war with India (1965), fueled a fierce left-wing opposition movement led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of the PPP and Bengali nationalist Sheikh Mujibur Rahman who, with the support of demonstrators, aimed to further weaken the presidency. Suffering from paralysis and declining health, Ayub Khan handed over the presidency to army chief General Yahya Khan, who imposed martial law and announced that nationwide elections would be held in 1970. Eventually, general elections were held in 1970 which saw the PPP gaining a majority of seats in West Pakistan (current day Pakistan) and the Awami League gaining a majority in East Pakistan (current day Bangladesh).
After he was unable to reach a compromise between the PPP and the Awami League, President Yahya Khan invited Nurul Amin of the Pakistan Muslim League to become the Prime Minister, and also appointed him as the first Vice President. The growing instigated violence against Pakistanis in East Pakistan forced President Yahya Khan to use force in order to maintain order there, which further escalated Bengali resistance (1970). Preemptive strikes against India led to another war in 1971, which freed East Pakistan and created Bangladesh.
Taking personal responsibility for the political isolation and devastation of Pakistan after the fall of East Pakistan, President Yahya Khan stepped down and ceded power to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. President Bhutto created the current Constitution of Pakistan in 1973, transforming Pakistan into a parliamentary democracy, and reducing presidential powers to that of a ceremonial figurehead.
Past Interventions[edit]
The general elections held in 1977 resulted in an atmosphere of civil unrest instigated by the right-wing alliance, the Pakistan National Alliance. The events leading to it resulted in military intervention by chief of army staff General Zia-ul-Haq and Chairman Joint Chiefs Admiral Mohammad Shariff. Suspending the Constitution in 1977, General Zia-ul-Haq took over the presidency in 1978. Zia's presidency oversaw the modern growth of far-right ideas in the country. Succumbing to domestic pressure to restore the Constitution, President Zia-ul-Haq held a referendum (1984) and called for general elections in 1985. President Zia-ul-Haq appointed Mohammad Junejo as Prime Minister and assumed more powers through the constitutional amendment. After dismissing Prime Minister Junejo, President Zia-ul-Haq announced that new general elections would be held, but President Zia died in a place crash in 1988.
The general elections held in 1988 witnessed the victory of PPP in 1988, and appointed Chairman Senate Ghulam Ishaq Khan to the presidency. Conflict between Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and President Ghulam Ishaq Khan arose in two areas regarding the issues of appointments. President Ghulam Ishaq Khan repeatedly intervened in government matters and leveled charges against Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto; thus dismissing Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1990. After holding general elections in 1990, Nawaz Sharif brought up an ideologically conservative government and President Ghulam Ishaq Khan unsuccessfully tried to dismiss Sharif. After a successful intervention by Supreme Court and Chairman Joint Chiefs General Shamim Allam, President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif tendered resignations in 1993.
Following the new elections held in 1993, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto established a strong government after appointing loyalist Farooq Leghari to the presidency. However, the corruption charges and the controversial death of Murtaza Bhutto in 1996 resulted in President Farooq Leghari dismissing Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. In 1997, President Farooq Leghari could not overcome the heavy mandate bestowed on Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif by the public in 1997. President Leghari unsuccessfully supported Chief Justice Sajjad Ali Shah— both of them resigned, ending the conflict between the Judiciary, the Executive, and the Parliament. After appointing Rafiq Tarar, the Parliament successfully passed constitutional amendment to decisively limit the presidency. After staging a controversial self coup in 1999, General Pervez Musharraf dismissed Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and President Rafiq Tarar in 2001 while assuming more powers to the presidency. In January 2004, the Electoral College elected Musharraf, and as a result he was, according to the Constitution, "deemed to be elected".[37]
President Musharraf's repeated unconstitutional intervention resulted in a standoff with the Judiciary, and declared a state of emergency in 2007, after dismissing the senior justices of the Supreme Court. Although Musharraf was elected in 2007, the constitutional legality of Musharraf's rule was found dubious. A populist constitutional movement eventually resulted in Musharraf's departure. On 22 August 2008, the electoral commission called for presidential nominations to be delivered by 26 August 2008 and for elections to be held on 6 September 2008.[38][39]
Figurehead overview[edit]
After the presidential election held in 2008, Asif Ali Zardari lobbied for constitutional amendment to restore the Constitution as it was in 1973.[40][41][42][43] In 2010, the Parliament unanimously and with a large majority, passed the eighteenth amendment of the constitution. It revoked the presidential powers and changed Pakistan from a semi-presidential system of government to a parliamentary republic, with great hopes of governmental stability in the future.
See also[edit]
Government of Pakistan portal
Principal Secretary to the President of Pakistan
Air transports of heads of state and government
Official state car
Pakistan
Prime Minister of Pakistan
Chief Justice of Pakistan
Chief Justice of the Federal Shariat Court
Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army
Constitution of Pakistan
Foreign Minister of Pakistan
Finance Minister of Pakistan
Interior Minister of Pakistan
Minister of Defence (Pakistan)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Gupta, ed. by K. R. (2006). India-Pakistan relations with special reference to Kashmir. New Delhi: Atlantic Publ. and Distributors. ISBN 8126906723. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Article 243(3) Archived 2015-03-21 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 2: The Armed Forces. Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.
^ Jump up to: a b Article 41(1) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 46 Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 243(2) Archived 2015-03-21 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 2: The Armed Forces. Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 43(1)–43(2) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 50 Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 46 Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 54 Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 56 Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 243(3) in Chapter 2: The Armed Forces. Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 175A(3) Archived 2014-07-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 177A(1) Archived 2015-05-28 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 2:The Supreme Court of Pakistan of Part VII in the Constitution of Pakistan
Jump up ^ Article 45 Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 2:The Parliament of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 248(1) Archived 2014-06-03 at Archive.is in Chapter 4:General of Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 41 Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan
Jump up ^ Govt. of Pakistan (3 March 2010). "The National Command Authority Act, 2010" (PDF). Islamabad: National Assembly press. National Assembly press. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
Jump up ^ See: The XVIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Article 41(2) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Crilly, Rob (10 May 2013). "Pakistan election guide: How does it work?". Telegraph, Pakistan Bureau. Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 February 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Article 41(3) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President in Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f APP, Associate Press of Pakistan (25 July 2013). "706 Electoral College members to elect 12th President of Pakistan". News International, 2013. News International. Archived from the original on 2 August 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Article 44(1)-(2) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President in Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 44(2) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President in Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 49(1)-(2) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 49(1) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 47(1)-(2) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
^ Jump up to: a b Article 47(3) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 47(5) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 47(6) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 47(6) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 47(7) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 47(8) Archived 2016-02-04 at the Wayback Machine. in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ See: Movement to impeach Pervez Musharraf
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Web Edition (30 July 2013). "Mamnoon Hussain elected 12th President of Pakistan". News International, president. News International, president. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference International, president was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Jump up ^ Waldman, Amy (January 2, 2004). "Pakistan Gives Musharraf Confidence Vote as President". New York Times. Archived from the original on May 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ timesofindia.indiatimes.com "Pakistan presidential poll on September 6."Times of India. 22 August 2008.
Jump up ^ radionetherlands.nl Pakistan to choose president on 6 September. Archived 2008-09-24 at the Wayback Machine. Radio Netherlands.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan's presidential poll today, Zardari front runner." Archived 2009-01-03 at the Wayback Machine. Times of India.
Jump up ^ afp.google.com "Bhutto's widower set to become Pakistan president." Archived 2008-09-09 at the Wayback Machine. AFP 2008. Accessed 8 January 2014.
Jump up ^ afp.google.com "Zardari wins Pakistan presidential election: officials." Archived 2009-07-07 at the Wayback Machine. AFP 2008. Dead URL 8 January 2014
Jump up ^ nytimes.com "Zardari is elected Pakistan's president." Archived 2016-07-22 at the Wayback Machine. New York Times 7 September 2008.
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interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: ޕާކިސްތާނުގެ ރައީސް – Divehi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-dv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: رئیس‌جمهور پاکستان – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Président de la République islamique du Pakistan – French

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: 파키스탄의 대통령 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: पाकिस्तान के राष्ट्रपति – Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: נשיא פקיסטן – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: პაკისტანის პრეზიდენტი – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values: Пәкістан президенті – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values: პაკისტანიშ პრეზიდენტი – Mingrelian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-min
display: none;

values: パキスタンの大統領 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Президент Пакистана – Russian

values: පකිස්තානයේ ජනාධිපතිවරයා – Sinhala

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-si
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values: پاڪستان جو صدر – Sindhi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sd
display: none;

values: Председник Пакистана – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values: Президент Пакистану – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: صدر پاکستان – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: 巴基斯坦总统 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-President_of_Pakistan rootpage-President_of_Pakistan skin-vector action-view