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Angel of the Morning
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"Angel of the Morning"
A-side label of U.S. vinyl single
Single by Merrilee Rush & The Turnabouts
from the album Angel of the Morning
B-side
"Reap What You Sow"[1]
Released
7 February 1968
Format
7" single
Recorded
American Sound Studios Memphis
January 1968
Genre
Pop, country
Length
3:19
Label
Bell
Songwriter(s)
Chip Taylor
Producer(s)
Chips Moman
Merrilee Rush single singles chronology
"How's the Weather on Your Street"
(1967) "Angel of the Morning"
(1968) "That Kind of Woman"
(1968)
"How's the Weather on Your Street"
Merrilee & the Turnabouts
(1967) "Angel of the Morning"
Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts
(1968) "That Kind of Woman"
(1968)
"Angel of the Morning" is a popular song, written and composed by Chip Taylor, that has been recorded numerous times by, or has been a hit single for, various artists including Evie Sands, Merrilee Rush, Juice Newton, Nina Simone, P. P. Arnold, Olivia Newton-John, The Pretenders/Chrissie Hynde, Dusty Springfield, Mary Mason, Melba Montgomery, Vagiant, Billie Davis, Bonnie Tyler, Rita Wilson, The New Seekers and Skeeter Davis.
Contents
[hide]
1 Original and charting versions
2 Versions by Chip Taylor
3 Non-charting versions
4 Translated versions
5 Film, television and literature
6 Versions (English language-chronology)
7 Chart history
7.1 Weekly charts
7.1.1 Merrilee Rush & The Turnabouts version
7.2 Year-end charts
7.2.1 Juice Newton version
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Original and charting versions[edit]
Written and composed by New York City-born songwriter Chip Taylor, actor Jonathan "Jon" Voight's brother, "Angel of the Morning" was originally offered to Connie Francis to sing, but she turned it down because she thought that it was too risqué for her career.[citation needed] The song's narrator describes her feelings about a one-night stand: "If morning's echo says we've sinned, well, it was what I wanted now."
Taylor produced a recording of the song with Evie Sands, but the financial straits of Cameo-Parkway Records, which had Sands on their roster, reportedly prevented either that version's release or its distribution. Other early recordings of the song were made in 1967 by Danny Michaels for Lee Hazlewood's LHI label and by UK vocalist Billie Davis.
"Angel of the Morning" finally became a hit in 1968 through a recording by Merrilee Rush, made that January at American Sound Studios in Memphis, with Chips Moman and Tommy Cogbill producing. Rush had come to Memphis through the group she fronted, the Turnabouts, being the opening act for a Paul Revere and the Raiders tour. While in Memphis, the Raiders recorded the album Going to Memphis at American Sound Studios, an association which led to Rush's discovery by Tommy Cogbill, who had been hoping to find the right voice for "Angel of the Morning"—he had kept a tape of the demo of that song constantly in his pocket for several months. Rush recorded the song and the tracks which would comprise her Angel of the Morning album with the American Sound house band, even though the single and the album would be credited to the group Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts.[2] The single version of "Angel of the Morning" was released in February 1968, and reached the Top 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 that June, peaking at No. 7. A No. 1 hit in Canada,[3] Australia and New Zealand, "Angel of the Morning" also afforded Rush a hit in the Netherlands (No. 4). "Angel of the Morning" earned Rush a Grammy nomination for Best Contemporary-Pop Vocal Performance, Female. Rush would record a new version of the song for her 1977 eponymous album release. Rush's version of "Angel of the Morning" would be featured on the soundtrack of the 1999 film Girl, Interrupted, whose time frame is 1967 and 1968, in which author-composer Chip Taylor's niece Angelina Jolie had a starring role.
In the United Kingdom, where Rush's version had failed to reach the Top 50, stalling at No. 55, "Angel of the Morning" reached No. 29 in August 1968 through a rendition by P. P. Arnold,[4] who had sung background on the 1967 Billie Davis version; Arnold's version was produced by Andrew Loog Oldham. In 1977, Mary Mason also had a UK Top 30 hit with her version, which was actually a medley of two Chip Taylor songs, "Angel of the Morning" and "Any Way That You Want Me;" this reached No. 27.[5] British act Guys 'n' Dolls had a hit in the Netherlands in 1977 with "Angel of the Morning," their version reaching No. 11 on the Dutch chart.
"Angel of the Morning"
Single by Juice Newton
from the album Juice
B-side
"Headin' for a Heartache"
Released
February 1981
Format
7" (45 rpm)
Recorded
4 September 1980
Genre
Soft rock,[6] Country rock
Length
3:49
3:57 (7")
Label
Capitol 4976
Songwriter(s)
Chip Taylor
Producer(s)
Richard Landis
Juice Newton singles chronology
"You Fill My Life"
(1980) "Angel of the Morning"
(1981) "Queen of Hearts"
(1981)
"You Fill My Life"
(1980) "Angel of the Morning"
(1981) "Queen of Hearts"
(1981)
Tying with Juice Newton's version as the highest-charting C&W version of the song is the 1978 release by Melba Montgomery which reached No. 22 on the Billboard C&W chart. Previously, "Angel of the Morning" had appeared on the Billboard C&W chart through a rendition by Connie Eaton; this had reached No. 34 in 1970.
The highest-charting and best-selling version in the United States, outperforming even Merrilee Rush's 1968 version in both ways, was recorded and released in 1981 by country-rock singer Juice Newton for her album Juice, which released on Capitol Records. Newton re-interpreted the song at the suggestion of Steve Meyer, who promoted Capitol Records singles and albums to radio stations and felt a version of "Angel of the Morning" by Newton would be a strong candidate for airplay.[7] Newton would state that she would never have herself thought of recording "Angel of the Morning," and even though she immediately recognized the song when Meyer played it for her (quote): "I [hadn't been] really aware of that song because...when [it] was popular I was listening to folk music and R&B and not Pop, and that was a very Pop song." [8] Newton's version reached No. 4 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 22 on the Billboard country music chart, and spent three weeks at No. 1 on the Billboard adult contemporary chart in April of that year.[9][10] The recording also earned Newton a Grammy nomination, and in the same category as Rush's 1968 hit. More than 1 million units of Newton's single of the song were sold in the United States, and the single reached the Top 10 in a number of other countries, including Canada and Australia. Notably, Newton's video for "Angel of the Morning" was the first country-music music video aired on MTV; it first aired in 1981. In the UK, this recording reached No. 43 on the UK Singles Chart, marking the song's third appearance on that chart without becoming a truly major hit.[11] Newton recorded the song again in 1998 for her The Trouble with Angels album.
The song "Angel," released by reggae artist Shaggy, heavily samples "Angel of the Morning," using the melody, but with different words, for the sung refrain. It reached #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the week ending March 31, 2001.
Swedish singer Jill Johnson released "Angel of the Morning," with lyrics in English, in 2007 from her album of cover versions, Music Row. This version peaked at No. 30 at the Swedish singles chart.
Versions by Chip Taylor[edit]
In 1972, Taylor released a version on Buddah 325. It reached #101 in the Record World survey.
In 1996, Taylor released a version on the album Hit Man.[12]
In 1999, a version by Taylor appeared on the KGSR fundraiser CD Broadcasts Vol. 7.[13]
In 2004, Taylor released a version of the song with his singer/songwriter partner Carrie Rodriguez on the album of the same name.[14]
Non-charting versions[edit]
In 1968, the American singer Joya Landis recorded a late rocksteady/early reggae version of this song in Jamaica for producer Arthur "Duke" Reid and his Treasure Isle label. The UK release (Trojan TR-622) had "Love Letters" by Phyllis Dillon and Alton Ellis as the B-side. It also appeared on the compilation album Soul Of Jamaica a.k.a. Come Rock With Me In Jamaica, and on the Trojan compilation album, Tighten Up, Volume 1 (both 1968).
The Chicks, a female New Zealand pop duo, released their version on their 1968 album C'mon Chicks.
Allison Durbin, who was dubbed "Australia's Queen of Pop" in the 1960s, released a version on her 1968 album I Have Loved Me a Man.
Soul singer Bettye Swann had a single release of "Angel of the Morning" in 1969.
The New Seekers included "Angel of the Morning" on their self-titled debut album (1969).
Nina Simone recorded the song in 1971 on Here Comes the Sun.
Norwegian singer Ellen Nikolaysen recorded the song for her 1973 English language album Freckles.
Soul singer Thelma Jones recorded the song for her eponymous 1978 album.
Reggae singer Samantha Rose recorded a Lover's rock version on the In Person LP in 1979.
Vintage British Invasion group The Tremeloes recorded the song in 1987 as an attempted comeback single.
In 1991, horror punk band Haunted Garage included the chorus of "Angel of the Morning" in the bridge of their song "Theme" on the album Possession Park, changing the lyrics to "Satan of the morning".
In 1995, Chrissie Hynde and The Pretenders sang their own version on the Friends soundtrack album. The song was released as a single, but it did not chart.
The short-lived British girl band Thunderbugs recorded an upbeat version of the song for their 1999 debut album, Delicious.
In 2003 Maggie Reilly recorded "Angel of the Morning" for her album Save It for a Rainy Day.
The Boston-based band Tijuana Sweetheart (then named VAGIANT) released a cover on their debut album, Public Display of Infection.
The Atlanta-based band Girlyman released a cover on its 2007 live album Somewhere Different Now.
Melinda Schneider and Beccy Cole covered the song on their album Great Women of Country, which they released in 2014.
Translated versions[edit]
A number of non-English versions of "Angel of the Morning" have been recorded including the following:
In Czech as "Dál jen vejdi" a 1989 single by Věra Martinová
In Dutch as "Vlinder van een zomer" a 1968 single by Willeke Alberti.
In French as "Au revoir et à demain" (literally: "goodbye and see you tomorrow") a 1967 single by Liliane Saint-Pierre.
In Finnish as "Kaipuu" a 1968 single by Pepe Willberg and also as "Jos Itket Silloin" recorded by Pirjo Lehti for her 1985 Se On Rakkautta Oikeaa album.
In Italian as "Gli occhi verdi dell'amore" (literally: "the green eyes of love") which was a 1968 hit in Italy at No. 9 for I Profeti.
In German as "Der Engel der Verdammten" by Juliane Werding on her 1975 album Wenn du denkst, dass du denkst, dann denkst du nur, du denkst and also as " "Ich bin dein Engel bis zum Morgen" a 1981 single by Suzanne Klee.
In Spanish as "Ángel de la Mañana" by Enrique Guzmán in 1975.
In Swedish as "En enda morgon" recorded by Elisabeth Andreassen for her 1981 album Angel of the Morning and also as "Nattens sista ängel" recorded by Wizex for their 1982 album Nattfjäril. These respective lyricists for these versions were Mats Rådberg and Roine Carlsson.
In Russian as "Нелегальный Ангел" (Nelegal'nyj Angel) by Julia Kova in 2005.
Film, television and literature[edit]
The Merrilee Rush version of the song is featured in the soundtrack of the films Girl, Interrupted (as noted above) and Violet and Daisy.
Rush's version is also played during a scene in the 1978 film Fingers, where it is used to accentuate the conflicted nature of the main character played by Harvey Keitel.
The song was performed live by Chrissie Hynde in a 1995 episode of Friends titled "The One with the Baby on the Bus," and that version also appears in that show's soundtrack album. (As noted above, though released as a single, it did not chart.)
The song also makes an appearance in the 1996 film Jerry Maguire, with Tom Cruise's titular character singing what appears to be the original version, enthusiastically if badly.
More recently, Conan O'Brien has referenced the track, during periodic ironic pledges to cease his show's use of arbitrary and stupid humor in which he presents a gorilla dressed as a nurse who uses an old-fashioned abdominal exerciser while enjoying the song.
In "Branch Closing", an episode of The Office, Michael Scott sings "Levinson in the morning" to his supervisor, Jan Levinson.
The song plays a central role in Graeme Simsion's 2016 novel The Best of Adam Sharp[15] (optioned to Vocab Films in 2017).[16]
Juice Newton's version is heard during Drew Barrymore's first scene in the film Charlie's Angels, in the film Charlie Wilson's War (in which it is also sung by Emily Blunt), the opening titles of Deadpool, and the ending of The Meddler. It is also featured in Season 1 of HBO's True Detective.
The Toyota Highlander "Kid Cave" commercial, aired from late 2010, features a young boy who is embarrassed by his parents's singing of the song while he is riding with them in a car.[17]
The song features in an episode of ABC's sitcom Modern Family, "Regrets Only" (Series/Season 2, Ep 16), when Gloria, portrayed by Sofia Vergara, is singing along to it on a karaoke machine. A karaoke version of the song is also featured in the second-season finale of the HBO series The Leftovers.
Versions (English language-chronology)[edit]
1967: Evie Sands (original recording), Billie Davis
1968: Merrilee Rush and The Turnabouts, Asha Puthli and The Surfers,[18] P. P. Arnold, Percy Faith, Ray Conniff
1969: Dusty Springfield (TV performance on Decidedly Dusty), Skeeter Davis, Bettye Swann, the New Seekers, the Tremeloes, Connie Eaton
1970: The Aggressors, on their album Reggae Steadae Go
1971: Nina Simone
1973: Olivia Newton-John
1977: Merrilee Rush (re-recording for United Artists Records), Guys 'n' Dolls, Mary Mason ("Angel of the Morning"/"Any Way That You Want Me" medley)
1978: Melba Montgomery, Thelma Jones, Pat Kelly
1981: Elisabeth Andreassen, Juice Newton, the States[19]
1987: The Tremeloes
1995: The Pretenders
1995: Annie Schilder BZN
1998: Juice Newton (re-recording), Bonnie Tyler
1998: Gitte Haenning (Gitte Hænning) WEA Records Warner music Germany
1998: Bonnie Tyler
1999: Thunderbugs
2000: Joya Landis
2001: Maggie Reilly
2003: The Shocker
2006: Chip Taylor & Carrie Rodriguez
2007: Girlyman, Jill Johnson, Vagiant
2008: Barb Jungr, Randy Crawford (with Joe Sample)
2011: Hanne Boel
2012: Rita Wilson
Chart history[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Merrilee Rush & The Turnabouts version[edit]
Chart (1968)
Peak
position
Canada RPM Top Singles [20] 1
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[21] 5
US Billboard Hot 100[22] 7
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[23] 32
US Cash Box Top 100[24] 3
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1968)
Rank
Canada [25] 70
US Billboard Hot 100[26] 28
US Cash Box [27] 45
Juice Newton version[edit]
Chart (1981)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[28] 2
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[29] 7
Canada RPM Top Singles [30] 1
Denmark (Tracklisten)[31] 23
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[32] 4
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[33] 5
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[34] 43
US Billboard Hot 100[35] 4
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[36] 1
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[37] 22
US Cash Box Top 100[38] 2
Chart (1981)
Rank
Australia [39] 26
Canada [40] 8
New Zealand [41] 50
US Billboard Hot 100[42] 25
US Cash Box [43] 21
See also[edit]
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1960s
List of number-one singles in 1968 (New Zealand)
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1981 (U.S.)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Merrilee Rush & The Turnabouts -- "Angel of the Morning"/"Reap What You Sow"". Discogs. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Jones, Roben (2010). Memphis Boys: the story of American Studios (1st ed.). Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. pp. 126–130. ISBN 1-60473-401-9.
Jump up ^ "Item Display – RPM v Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-01.
Jump up ^ Arnold UK Singles Chart info Archived August 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Chartstats.com. Retrieved 12 September 2009
Jump up ^ Mason UK Singles Chart info Archived March 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Chartstats.com. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "VH1's 40 Most Softsational Soft-Rock Songs". Stereogum. SpinMedia. May 31, 2007. Retrieved July 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lewiston Daily Sun April 15, 1981 p. 4
Jump up ^ Kentucky New Era p.2
Jump up ^ Hyatt, Wesley (1999). The Billboard Book of No. 1 Adult Contemporary Hits (Billboard Publications), page 250.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 8th Edition (Billboard Publications), page 454.
Jump up ^ Newton UK Singles Chart info Archived March 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. Chartstats.com. Retrieved 12 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Hit Man – Chip Taylor. Amazon.com.
Jump up ^ KGSR BROADCASTS CDS – Volume 7 Archived December 26, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.. KGSR.com.
Jump up ^ Angel of the Morning – Chip Taylor, Carrie Rodriguez Amazon.com.
Jump up ^ Best of Adam Sharp Playlist, Penguin
Jump up ^ Anita Busch. Toni Collette Options Graeme Simsion Novel ‘The Best of Adam Sharp’ For Her Vocab Films, Deadline Hollywood
Jump up ^ Beth Harpaz. What Embarrasses a Teen? A Parent's Mere Existence, Associated Press, 2010-12-20
Jump up ^ "Discography". Asha Puthli official website. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2013.
Jump up ^ "MusicMight :: Artists :: THE STATES". Rockdetector.com. Retrieved 2016-10-01.
Jump up ^ RPM 100 Singles, July 6, 1968
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Merrilee Rush – Angel of the Morning" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts Chart History (Hot 100)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Merrilee Rush & the Turnabouts Chart History (Adult Contemporary)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, July 13, 1968
Jump up ^ http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.5867&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062
Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 28, 1968
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (Illustrated ed.). Sydney: Australian Chart Book. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Juice Newton – Angel of the Morning" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ RPM 50 Singles, May 23, 1981
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – Juice Newton – Angel of the Morning". Tracklisten.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Juice Newton – Angel of the Morning". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Juice Newton – Angel of the Morning". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Juice Newton: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Juice Newton Chart History (Hot 100)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Juice Newton Chart History (Adult Contemporary)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Juice Newton Chart History (Hot Country Songs)" Billboard.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, May 16, 1981
Jump up ^ "Forum – ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts – Top 100 End of Year AMR Charts – 1980s". Australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.4689&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062
Jump up ^ http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/?chart=3870
Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 26, 1981
Preceded by
"This Guy's in Love with You" by Herb Alpert Canadian RPM 100 number-one single
(Merrilee Rush version)
July 6, 1968 (one week) Succeeded by
"Lady Willpower" by Gary Puckett and the Union Gap
Preceded by
"What Kind of Fool" by Barbra Streisand and Barry Gibb Billboard Adult Contemporary (chart) number-one single
(Juice Newton version)
April 11-April 25, 1981 (three weeks) Succeeded by
"Morning Train (Nine to Five)" by Sheena Easton
External links[edit]
Newton 1981 U.S. single release info Discogs
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Juice Newton
Studio albums
Juice Newton & Silver Spur
After the Dust Settles
Come to Me
Well Kept Secret
Take Heart
Juice
Quiet Lies
Dirty Looks
Can't Wait All Night
Old Flame
Emotion
Ain't Gonna Cry
The Trouble with Angels
American Girl
The Gift of Christmas
Duets: Friends & Memories
Live albums
Every Road Leads Back to You
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits
Emotions
Anthology
Country Classics
The Ultimate Hits Collection
Notable singles
"It's a Heartache"
"Hey! Baby"
"Sunshine"
"Angel of the Morning"
"Queen of Hearts"
"The Sweetest Thing (I've Ever Known)"
"Love's Been a Little Bit Hard on Me"
"Break It to Me Gently"
"Tell Her No"
"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine"
"Hurt"
"Old Flame"
"Both to Each Other (Friends and Lovers)" (with Eddie Rabbitt)
"Cheap Love"
"What Can I Do with My Heart"
"First Time Caller"
"Tell Me True"
"When Love Comes Around the Bend"
"Funny How Time Slips Away" (with Willie Nelson)
Guest appearances
"Ebony Eyes" (Bob Welch song)
Have Harmony, Will Travel (Carla Olson album)
Related topics
Discography
Capitol Records
RCA Records
Otha Young
Book:Juice Newton
[show]
v
t
e
Melba Montgomery
Discography
Collaborative and solo studio albums
What's in Our Heart
Bluegrass Hootenanny
Don't Let the Good Times Fool You
Compilation albums
A King & Two Queens
Famous Country Duets
Collaborative singles
"We Must Have Been Out of Our Minds"
"Let's Invite Them Over"
"What's in Our Heart"
"Blue Moon of Kentucky"
"Baby Ain't That Fine"
"Something to Brag About"
Solo singles
"No Charge"
"Don't Let the Good Times Fool You"
"Angel of the Morning"
See also
George Jones
Gene Pitney
Charlie Louvin
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Angel_of_the_Morning&oldid=812331640"
Categories:
1967 songs
1968 singles
1981 singles
1993 singles
2001 singles
Elisabeth Andreassen songs
Jill Johnson songs
Connie Eaton songs
Juice Newton songs
Melba Montgomery songs
Number-one singles in Australia
Number-one singles in New Zealand
Billboard Adult Contemporary number-one singles
Songs written by Chip Taylor
Song recordings produced by Chips Moman
Song recordings produced by Richard Landis
Pop ballads
Capitol Records singles
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Singlechart usages for Dutch100
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List of Liverpool F.C. managers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Liverpool FC supporters with a banner of their five most successful managers: Bill Shankly, Bob Paisley, Joe Fagan, Kenny Dalglish and Rafael Benítez
Liverpool Football Club is an English association football club based in Liverpool, Merseyside. The club was formed in 1892 following a disagreement between the board of Everton and club president John Houlding, who owned the club's ground, Anfield. The disagreement between the two parties over rent resulted in Everton moving to Goodison Park from Anfield, which left Houlding with no tenant. Thus, he founded Liverpool F.C. to play in the empty stadium.[1] Liverpool won the First Division title for the first time in 1901; since then, the club has won a further 17 league titles, along with seven FA Cups and eight Football League Cups. They have also been crowned champions of European football on five occasions by winning the European Cup/UEFA Champions League in 1977, 1978, 1981, 1984 and 2005.[2] The club was one of 22 members of the Premier League when it was formed in 1992.
Liverpool have had 21 full-time managers. Kenny Dalglish is the only person to have managed the club on two separate occasions. He first managed Liverpool from 1985 to February 1991, and then from January 2011 to July 2012. The most successful person to manage Liverpool is Bob Paisley, who won six Football League titles, five Charity Shields, three Football League Cups, three European Cups, one UEFA Super Cup and one UEFA Cup in his nine-year reign as manager. The club's longest-serving manager was Tom Watson, who managed the club from 1896 to 1915, totalling 19 years.
This chronological list comprises all those who have held the position of manager of the first team of Liverpool since their foundation in 1892. Each manager's entry includes his dates of tenure and the club's overall competitive record (in terms of matches won, drawn and lost), honours won and significant achievements while under his care. Caretaker managers are included, where known, as well as those who have been in permanent charge.
Contents
1 Managerial history
1.1 1892–1959
1.2 1959–91
1.3 1991–present
2 Key
3 Managers
4 Notes
5 References
6 Bibliography
Managerial history[edit]
1892–1959[edit]
Tom Watson, Liverpool's longest-serving manager who managed the club from 1896 to 1915, totalling 19 years.
The first Liverpool managers, William Edward Barclay and John McKenna, were appointed in 1892. Barclay acted as secretary-manager, overseeing the administrative side of the club, while McKenna took charge of matters on the field. The two worked in tandem as Liverpool won promotion from the Lancashire League in the club's first season.[3] However, in 1896, McKenna appointed Tom Watson as manager.[4] He went on to win two Football League championships. As the First World War broke out, Watson was embarking on his nineteenth season in charge at Anfield. It was to be his last, because he died in May 1915, aged 56. David Ashworth was appointed manager when football resumed after the War.[5] Ashworth won one league title, but left for Oldham Athletic soon after this. He was replaced in February 1923 by a Liverpool director, Matt McQueen, who won one league title for the club. However, this marked the beginning of a barren spell spanning more than 20 years before Liverpool finally regained the title in 1947 under the stewardship of George Kay. Kay also led Liverpool to the FA Cup Final in 1950, but lost the game 2–0 to Arsenal. He retired the following year, owing to ill-health.[6] The next manager, Don Welsh became the first Liverpool manager to be sacked after leading the club to relegation in 1954. His successor, Phil Taylor, also failed to win a trophy or gain promotion back to the top flight during his reign as boss.[7]
1959–91[edit]
On 1 December 1959, Bill Shankly was appointed manager, beginning a fifteen-year spell as manager that brought three league titles, two FA Cups and a first European trophy, the UEFA Cup, to Anfield.[8] Shankly's reign as manager is famous for the establishment of the Anfield boot room as the location for his tactical discussions with his coaches.[9] When he was not managing the club, Shankly was usually at his typewriter, personally replying to the letters which arrived at Melwood. Shankly even called some supporters at home to discuss the previous day's game, while the accounts of him providing tickets for fans are endless.[10] When Shankly retired in 1974, he was replaced by his assistant, Bob Paisley. During the next nine seasons, Paisley proceeded to win six league titles and three European Cups to become the most successful manager in the history of the club.[11] When Paisley retired in 1983, his assistant Joe Fagan took over, and continued the Boot Room tradition, and winning a treble of League, European Cup and League Cup in his first season. He again guided Liverpool to a European Cup Final, but the match was overshadowed by the Heysel stadium disaster, and he retired soon after.[12] Striker Kenny Dalglish was then made the club's first player-manager and in his first season in charge, Dalglish led the club to a League and FA Cup double.[13] After that great first season, Dalglish led Liverpool to a further two league titles and another FA Cup. However, the Hillsborough disaster overshadowed his reign; it was one of the reasons for Dalglish resigning on 22 February 1991.[14]
1991–present[edit]
First-team coach Ronnie Moran took charge of team affairs for several weeks before Graeme Souness was named as Dalglish's successor. Under Souness, Liverpool won the FA Cup in 1992, but nothing else. He made way for Roy Evans, who also won just one trophy, the League Cup, before Gérard Houllier was appointed joint manager with Evans in 1998. This arrangement lasted only 18 games before Evans resigned, leaving Houllier—Liverpool's first non-British manager—in sole charge. Houllier won nothing until a treble in 2001, consisting of the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup. Houllier underwent major heart surgery during the 2001–02 season, but the squad was unaffected and managed to hold on to a second-place finish. Although Phil Thompson stepped in as temporary manager while Houllier was recovering from heart surgery, the matches played under Thompson are included in Houllier's record.[15] Another League Cup was won in 2003, but this was to be Houllier's last trophy as Liverpool manager as he and the club parted by mutual consent at the end of the 2003–04 season,[16] to be replaced by Valencia manager, Rafael Benítez.[17]
In Benítez's first season in charge, Liverpool reached the UEFA Champions League Final, where they beat A.C. Milan on penalties, after the match finished 3–3 after extra time. The following season, Liverpool reached the FA Cup Final, where they beat West Ham United, again on penalties after a 3–3 draw. Benítez again guided Liverpool to a Champions League Final in 2007, but this time A.C. Milan beat them 2–1. On 3 June 2010, Benitez paid the price for a disappointing 2009–10 season when Liverpool announced he had left the club by mutual consent after six years in charge. Benitez, who was one year into a five-year contract, finalised his departure after agreeing a severance payment. Benitez's assistant Sammy Lee took over the reins at Liverpool until Managing director Christian Purslow and former manager Kenny Dalglish found a replacement. On 1 July 2010, former Fulham boss Roy Hodgson was confirmed as the new manager.[18] After a poor tenure, which included Liverpool being 18th after 6 games, and only one away win during Hodgson's time in charge, Hodgson was sacked on 8 January 2011 and was replaced by former manager Kenny Dalglish the day before a 3rd Round FA Cup game against Manchester United.[19] Dalglish signed a three-year contract as permanent manager in May, but was sacked a year later.[20] Although the 2011/12 season ended with a poor 8th-place finish in the Premier League, Dalglish guided Liverpool to two Cup finals at Wembley, ending a six-year trophy drought by winning the League Cup. The second Cup final appearance was the FA Cup, which Liverpool lost to Chelsea. He was replaced by Brendan Rodgers on 1 June 2012.[21]
Rodgers led them in the 2013–14 season to a surprise title challenge, however Liverpool ended the league season in second place, despite scoring 101 goals, the club's most since the 1895–96 season and the third-highest in Premier League history.[22] Rodgers was the first Liverpool manager to win the LMA Manager of The Year Award.[23] However, he was the first manager of the club not to win a major trophy in his first three years at the helm, and on 4 October 2015, he was sacked.[24] On 8 October, he was replaced by former Borussia Dortmund manager Jürgen Klopp.[25]
Key[edit]
Key to record:
P = Matches played
W = Matches won
D = Matches drawn
L = Matches lost
Win % = Win ratio
Key to honours:
L1 = Football League First Division/Premier League
L2 = Football League Second Division/Lancashire League
FA = FA Cup
LC = Football League Cup
CS = FA Community Shield
EC = European Cup
UC = UEFA Cup
US = UEFA Super Cup
Managers[edit]
Information correct as of 28 October 2018. Only competitive matches are counted
Key
* Caretaker manager
Liverpool F.C. managers
Name
Nationality
From
To
P
W
D
L
Win %
L1
L2
FA
LC
CS
EC
UC
US
Notes
Record
Honours
William Edward Barclay
John McKenna
Ireland
Ireland 15 February 1892 16 August 1896 7002127000000000000♠127 7001770000000000000♠77 7001200000000000000♠20 7001300000000000000♠30 07001606300000000000♠60.63 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 [26][A]
Tom Watson
England 17 August 1896 6 May 1915 7002742000000000000♠742 7002329000000000000♠329 7002141000000000000♠141 7002272000000000000♠272 07001443400000000000♠44.34 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 [27]
George Patterson
England 1 June 1915 14 December 1919 7001180000000000000♠18 7000700000000000000♠7 7000200000000000000♠2 7000900000000000000♠9 07001388900000000000♠38.89 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [28]
David Ashworth
England 18 December 1919 12 February 1923 7002139000000000000♠139 7001700000000000000♠70 7001400000000000000♠40 7001290000000000000♠29 07001503600000000000♠50.36 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [29]
Matt McQueen
Scotland 13 February 1923 15 February 1928 7002229000000000000♠229 7001930000000000000♠93 7001600000000000000♠60 7001760000000000000♠76 07001406100000000000♠40.61 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [30]
George Patterson
England 7 March 1928 6 August 1936 7002366000000000000♠366 7002137000000000000♠137 7001850000000000000♠85 7002144000000000000♠144 07001374300000000000♠37.43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [28]
George Kay
England 6 August 1936 January 1951 7002357000000000000♠357 7002142000000000000♠142 7001930000000000000♠93 7002122000000000000♠122 07001397800000000000♠39.78 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [31]
Don Welsh
England 23 March 1951 4 May 1956 7002232000000000000♠232 7001810000000000000♠81 7001580000000000000♠58 7001930000000000000♠93 07001349109999999999♠34.91 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [32]
Phil Taylor
England May 1956 17 November 1959 7002150000000000000♠150 7001760000000000000♠76 7001320000000000000♠32 7001420000000000000♠42 07001506700000000000♠50.67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [33]
Bill Shankly
Scotland 1 December 1959 12 July 1974 7002783000000000000♠783 7002407000000000000♠407 7002198000000000000♠198 7002178000000000000♠178 07001519800000099999♠51.98 3 1 2 0 4 0 1 0 [34]
Bob Paisley
England 26 August 1974 1 July 1983 7002535000000000000♠535 7002308000000000000♠308 7002131000000000000♠131 7001960000000000000♠96 07001575700000000000♠57.57 6 0 0 3 5 3 1 1 [35]
Joe Fagan
England 2 July 1983 29 May 1985 7002131000000000000♠131 7001710000000000000♠71 7001360000000000000♠36 7001240000000000000♠24 07001542000000000000♠54.20 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 [36]
Kenny Dalglish
Scotland 30 May 1985 21 February 1991 7002307000000000000♠307 7002187000000000000♠187 7001780000000000000♠78 7001420000000000000♠42 07001609100000000000♠60.91 3 0 2 0 4 0 0 0 [37]
Ronnie Moran*
England 22 February 1991 15 April 1991 7001100000000000000♠10 7000400000000000000♠4 7000100000000000000♠1 7000500000000000000♠5 07001400000000000000♠40.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [38]
Graeme Souness
Scotland 16 April 1991 28 January 1994 7002157000000000000♠157 7001660000000000000♠66 7001450000000000000♠45 7001460000000000000♠46 07001420400000000000♠42.04 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 [39][B]
Roy Evans
England 31 January 1994 12 November 1998 7002226000000000000♠226 7002117000000000000♠117 7001560000000000000♠56 7001530000000000000♠53 07001517700000000000♠51.77 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 [40]
Roy Evans
Gérard Houllier
England
France 16 July 1998 12 November 1998 7001180000000000000♠18 7000700000000000000♠7 7000600000000000000♠6 7000500000000000000♠5 07001388900000000000♠38.89 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [41]
Gérard Houllier
France 16 July 1998 24 May 2004 7002307000000000000♠307 7002160000000000000♠160 7001730000000000000♠73 7001740000000000000♠74 07001521200000000000♠52.12 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 [42][C]
Rafael Benítez
Spain 16 June 2004 3 June 2010 7002350000000000000♠350 7002194000000000000♠194 7001770000000000000♠77 7001790000000000000♠79 07001554300000000000♠55.43 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 [43]
Roy Hodgson
England 1 July 2010 8 January 2011 7001310000000000000♠31 7001130000000000000♠13 7000900000000000000♠9 7000900000000000000♠9 07001419400000000000♠41.94 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [44]
Kenny Dalglish
Scotland 8 January 2011 16 May 2012 7001740000000000000♠74 7001350000000000000♠35 7001170000000000000♠17 7001220000000000000♠22 07001473000000000000♠47.30 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 [45]
Brendan Rodgers
Northern Ireland 1 June 2012 4 October 2015 7002166000000000000♠166 7001830000000000000♠83 7001410000000000000♠41 7001420000000000000♠42 07001500000000000000♠50.00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [46]
Jürgen Klopp
Germany 8 October 2015 Present 7002169000000000000♠169 7001910000000000000♠91 7001460000000000000♠46 7001320000000000000♠32 07001538500000000000♠53.85 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [47]
Notes[edit]
A. ^ The official Liverpool website lists Barclay and McKenna as joint managers. Barclay held the post of "secretary-manager" and McKenna held the post of "coach-manager".
B. ^ Souness underwent heart surgery in April 1992, and Ronnie Moran took charge of the team until the 1992 FA Cup Final.
C. ^ Houllier was absent from October 2001 to February 2002, due to illness. During this time, Phil Thompson stepped in as temporary manager (P33 W16 D12 L5). These matches are included in Houllier's record.
References[edit]
General
"Managers". LFC History. Archived from the original on 4 October 2007. Retrieved 29 September 2007.
Specific
Jump up ^ "Liverpool Football Club is formed". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 12 July 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Honours". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "William E. Barclay: 'Joint Manager' (1892–00)". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 24 May 2006. Retrieved 12 September 2006.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 28
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 30
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 31
Jump up ^ Pead 1986, p. 387
Jump up ^ Pead 1986, p. 388
Jump up ^ Shetty, Sanjav (21 December 2001). "The legacy of the boot room". BBC Sport. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shankly – legend who forged the Liverpool way". icliverpool.icnetwork.co.uk. Retrieved 24 December 2007.
Jump up ^ Pead 1986, p. 391
Jump up ^ Pead 1986, p. 392
Jump up ^ "Kenny Dalglish". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Kenny Dalglish story – an end of an era". LFC History. Archived from the original on 12 February 2008. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
Jump up ^ "Gerard Houllier manager profile". LFC History. Archived from the original on 4 October 2007. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (24 May 2004). "Houllier to leave Liverpool". BBC Sport. Retrieved 13 April 2007.
Jump up ^ "Rafael Benítez manager profile". LFC History. Archived from the original on 4 October 2007. Retrieved 1 October 2007.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Andy (1 July 2010). "Roy Hodgson confirmed as new manager of Liverpool". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Roy Hosgson exits and Kenny Dalglish takes over". BBC Sport. 8 January 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Dalglish sacked as Liverpool manager". BBC Sport. 16 May 2012. Retrieved 16 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers to 'fight for his life'". BBC Sport. 1 June 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool: Premier League near-miss offers hope for the future". BBC. 11 May 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Brendan Rodgers: Liverpool boss named LMA manager of the year". BBC Sport. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool FC part company with Brendan Rodgers". Liverpool FC. 4 October 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool FC confirm Jürgen Klopp appointment". Liverpool F.C. 8 October 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "John McKenna". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tom Watson". LFC History. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "George Patterson". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "David Ashworth". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Matt McQueen". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "George Kay". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Don Welsh". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Phil Taylor". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Bill Shankly". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Bob Paisley". LFC History. Retrieved 16 April 2018.
Jump up ^ "Joe Fagan". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Dalglish". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Ronnie Moran". Soccerbase. Retrieved 24 September 2007.
Jump up ^ "Graeme Souness". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Roy Evans". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Evans/Houllier". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gérard Houllier". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Rafael Benitez". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Roy Hodgson". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Kenny Dalglish (2nd term)". LFC History. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Brendan Rodgers". LFC History. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Managers: Jurgen Klopp". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
Bibliography[edit]
Liversedge, Stan (1991). Liverpool:The Official Centenary History. Hamlyn Publishing Group Ltd. ISBN 0-600-57308-7.
Pead, Brian (1986). Liverpool A Complete Record. Derby: Breedon Books Sport. ISBN 0-907969-15-1.
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Liverpool F.C. – managers
Barclay & McKenna (1892–96)
Watson (1896–1915)
Patterson (1915–19)
Ashworth (1919–23)
McQueen (1923–28)
Patterson (1928–36)
Kay (1936–51)
Welsh (1951–56)
Taylor (1956–59)
Shankly (1959–74)
Paisley (1974–83)
Fagan (1983–85)
Dalglish (1985–91)
Moranc (1991)
Souness (1991)
Morana (1992)
Souness (1992–94)
Evans (1994–98)
Evans & Houllier (1998)
Houllier (1998–2001)
Thompsona (2001–02)
Houllier (2002–04)
Benítez (2004–10)
Hodgson (2010–11)
Dalglish (2011–12)
Rodgers (2012–15)
Klopp (2015–)
(c) = caretaker manager; (a) = acting in regular manager's absence
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My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Dash Shaw
Produced by
Kyle Martin
Craig Zobel
Dash Shaw
Written by
Dash Shaw
Starring
Jason Schwartzman
Reggie Watts
Maya Rudolph
Lena Dunham
Susan Sarandon
Thomas Jay Ryan
Alex Karpovsky
John Cameron Mitchell
Music by
Rani Sharone
Edited by
Alex Abrahams
Lance Edmands
Production
company
Washington Square Films
Electric Chinoland
Low Spark Films
Distributed by
GKIDS
Release date
September 11, 2016 (2016-09-11) (TIFF)
April 14, 2017 (2017-04-14) (United States)
Running time
75 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Box office
$68,883[1]
My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea is a 2016 American animated teen comedy drama film directed by Dash Shaw.[2] It was selected to be screened in the Vanguard section at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival.[3] It was theatrically released on April 14, 2017 in the United States, by GKIDS.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Release
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Dash (voiced by Schwartzman) and his best friend Assaf (Watts) are sophomores at Tides High School, a school located at a cliff edge above a fault line. The friends write as a team for the school newspaper, edited by mutual friend Verti (Rudolph). But one day Verti assigns Assaf to write a story solo about the new auditorium opening in the top floor, and Dash clearly picks up a relationship forming between Assaf and Verti. Feeling angered and betrayed, Dash writes a hurtful article about Assaf that provokes Principal Grimm to put a mark on his permanent record. Dash breaks into the school archives to find his record, but discovers evidence that Grimm had forged the inspection report for the auditorium. He also runs into Mary, a junior overachiever trying to find her confiscated cell phone. Dash tries to warn the rest of the students, but gets thrown into detention along with Mary for breaking into the archives, right when the auditorium opens causing the school to break off the cliff and fall into the ocean.
Dash rescues Assaf and Verti from the sophomore level library, and Verti figures out that they can swim through the seawater by breathing trapped pockets of air. Dash nearly drowns, but is rescued by Lunch Lady Lorraine. At the junior level floor, the teachers are trying to bring surviving kids in line. It takes Lorraine to calm down a riot; she further shows her survival skills by saving Verti from a group of drug dealing students. The trio plus Lorraine and Mary decide to make it to the roof, but no one else wants to follow them. At the senior level floor, they find Brent Daniels organizing a hostile cult around him. They then find Grimm, who admits to the forgery. Grimm points out that they can scale to the roof using the back of the auditorium bleachers, and then sacrifices his life to open the bleachers up. The five friends reach the roof just as rescue helicopters arrive. Lorraine rescues a handful of other students while some others escape using a makeshift raft. Dash and Assaf vow to write a book about the disaster.
Many weeks later, the surviving students attend a party for the release of Dash and Assaf's book, "Our Entire High School Sinking into the Sea". Reviews of the book come out mixed to negative because of Dash's turgid prose. Lorraine notes to Dash that she has a new year's worth of students to feed and take care of, before leaving the party.
Cast[edit]
Jason Schwartzman as Dash
Reggie Watts as Assaf
Maya Rudolph as Verti
Lena Dunham as Mary
Susan Sarandon as Lunch Lady Lorraine
Alex Karpovsky as Drake
John Cameron Mitchell as Brent Daniels
Matthew Maher as Senior Kyle
Release[edit]
The film had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 11, 2016.[3] It went onto screen at Fantastic Fest,[4] New York Film Festival,[5] AFI Fest,[6]
In December 2016, GKIDS acquired U.S. distribution rights to the film.[7] It was released on April 14, 2017.[8]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea received positive reviews and holds a 84% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 7/10, based on 53 reviews.[9] On review aggregator website Metacritic, the film received a score of 72 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[10]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea (2017)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ "25 Movies We Can't Wait to See at Toronto Film Festival 2016". Rolling Stone. September 8, 2016. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea". TIFF. September 8, 2016. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ "My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea". Fantastic Fest. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "My Entire High School Sinking into the Sea". New York Film Festival. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "My Entire High School Sinking into the Sea". AFI Fest. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (December 8, 2016). "GKIDS Acquires Dash Shaw's 'My Entire High School Sinking Into The Sea'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 8, 2016.
Jump up ^ Mazzanti, Mike (February 22, 2017). "Absurdist Animation Runs Wild in Trailer for 'My Entire High School Is Sinking Into The Sea'". The Film Stage. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea". Metacritic. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
External links[edit]
My Entire High School Sinking Into the Sea on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=My_Entire_High_School_Sinking_Into_the_Sea&oldid=860016604"
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Music of Game of Thrones
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ramin Djawadi is the composer of the Game of Thrones score.
The music for the fantasy TV series Game of Thrones is composed by Ramin Djawadi. The music is primarily instrumental with the occasional vocal performances, and is created to support musically the characters and plots of the show. It features various themes, the most prominent being the Main Title that accompanies the series' title sequence. In every season, a soundtrack album would be released.
The music of Game of Thrones has inspired many cover versions; the main title theme is particularly popular.[1] There are also decidedly non-medieval renditions of songs from the series's source novels by indie bands. These adaptations, according to Wired, create attention for the series in media that wouldn't normally cover it, but are also notable for their musical merits independent of the series.[2]
A series of concerts which featured Game of Thrones music, Game of Thrones Live Concert Experience with composer Ramin Djawadi, took place in 2017. First to be performed in Saint Paul, Minnesota, it then went on to tour across the United States and Canada.[3][4] A world tour to be held starting May 2018 in Madrid was announced in September 2017.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Themes
2.1 Main Title
2.2 Houses and characters
2.3 List of themes
3 Other compositions and songs
4 Releases
4.1 Soundtrack
4.2 Mixtapes
5 Tours
6 Awards
6.1 Awards and nominations
7 See also
8 References
Background[edit]
Initially a different composer, Stephen Warbeck, was hired for the pilot episode of Game of Thrones but he left the project.[6] The music consultant for HBO and music supervisor of Game of Thrones Evyen Klean then suggested Ramin Djawadi to David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.[7] Djawadi, although initially interested, declined the offer three days later as the schedule conflicted with a film he was working on. Djawadi was nevertheless persuaded to take on the project after a few meetings.[8] The showrunners Benioff and Weiss sent Djawadi the first two episodes of the series, which Djawadi was impressed by, and so arranged a meeting with Benioff and Weiss to discuss the concept of the series, after which he began to compose the music for the series.[2][9] According to Djawadi, Benioff and Weiss wanted the different characters and plots to be musically supported.[10] They decided that the music would be used to express the emotion and mood of each scene in the series, and that distinct themes would be created for some of the main characters.[11] Benioff and Weiss also wanted a soundscape that is distinct from other productions in the fantasy genre, therefore flutes and solo vocals were initially avoided, and cello became a prominent feature of the music of Game of Thrones, notably in its title theme.[12]
The process of composition is essentially the same throughout the series. Once the filming is nearly completed, episodes are sent to Djawadi in batches as they're being edited together but often before any special effects added in the footage, and these episodes may be sent singly or in set of multiple episodes. Benioff and Weiss would also inform Djawadi in advance of the need to expand a theme or create new themes for characters.[9] Asked in interview about the overall process of composing the music and how it is used in the series, Djawadi said: "I sit with David and Dan and we do what's called a spotting session where we watch the entire episode and then discuss when music should start and stop. Everybody's very involved with that. And it constantly gets played with. What I love about Game of Thrones is that the positioning of the music is so well done, because it's not overdone. When the music cuts in, it really has something to say."[13]
The recordings of most of the soundtracks were conducted in Prague with The Czech Film Orchestra and Choir. Djawadi interacted with the orchestra over the internet and would be present during the entire recording session, giving comments on the recordings via the internet.[14]
Themes[edit]
Main Title[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones Theme
Game of Thrones' main title theme
Sample of "Main Title", the series's musical theme tune, illustrating the melody played with cello and variations of the riff in strings
Problems playing this file? See media help.
According to Djawadi, the series creators wanted the main title theme that accompany the Game of Thrones title sequence to be about a journey as there are many locations, characters in the series and involves much traveling. After Djawadi had seen the preliminary animated title sequence the visual effect artists were still working on, he was inspired to write the piece. Djawadi said he intended to capture the overall impression of the series with the theme tune.[14][15] The title theme is unusually long for a television series at nearly two minutes long, and cello was chosen as the main instrument for the music as he thought it has a "darker sound" that suited the series.[14] The main title theme may also be incorporated into other music segments, particularly at climactic moments.[12]
Houses and characters[edit]
Djawadi composed leitmotifs for each of the major houses, some locations and some of the characters, which are often played in scenes involving them and these themes can be used to tell a story. Not all characters would have their own themes due to the large number of characters in the series.[11] The theme for House Stark is the first theme to be composed and is played on a cello.[16] Most of the Stark characters only have variations on the same theme on cello. Arya Stark is the first of the house to have her own theme, first heard when she started her lesson on swordplay in episode three of season one, with the music featuring a hammered dulcimer.[17][18] A new theme for Jon Snow, previously using only the House Stark theme, was created in the sixth season and prominently featured in the episode "Battle of the Bastards". It was first heard at the end of episode three when he said "My watch is ended", signifying a shift in the character after he had been resurrected.[9]
Due to the large number of themes, the introductions of different themes are also deliberately spaced over a longer period so as not to confuse audience, for example, the theme for Theon Greyjoy was not introduced until the second season even though he first appeared in the first season.[19] House Lannister has an associated song, "The Rains of Castamere". The song was played at the Red Wedding, but first heard when Tyrion Lannister whistled a small part in the first episode of the second season.[10]
Djawadi may choose distinctive sounds and instruments for different themes, for example, didgeridoos are used for the wildlings, while the Armenian duduk flute is used for the Dothrakis.[19] The duduk flute has a different sound from other flutes, which were deliberately avoided as they are frequently used in other fantasy films.[20] The themes for the White Walkers and the Night King are more of sound designs rather than regular themes; the White Walker theme initially employed a glass harmonica for a "really high, eerie, icy sound", but became fully orchestral when the army of the dead was revealed in the season two finale.[17] The theme music for the White Walker extended over time into the music of the Army of the Dead, representing the gathering strength of Army of the Dead, which was only introduced in full in the finale of the seventh season when the wall fell.[21]
The themes may evolve over time in the series. The theme for Daenerys Targaryen started small, but became grander as she became more powerful. Her theme was initially played with a single instrument such as a processed cello, but later began incorporating more instruments, including Japanese taiko-inspired drums, Indonesian bedug drums, and an Armenian duduk flute.[17] Syllables and words in Valyrian, a fictional language of Game of Thrones, were also used in her theme music, although not as whole sentences.[9] The instrumentations for her theme are also used for dragon attacks.[18]
Different themes may also be combined in some themes and scenes. Several examples exist: during the first scene of the fourth season, as Ice, the Stark sword, is reforged by Tywin Lannister, the Starks' and Lannisters' themes are clearly played simultaneously, to finally end with the Lannister theme only. Also, in Season 5, the music for House or Black and White is an extension from the themes for Arya and Jaqen H'ghar.[22] In the finale of Season 6 with the shot of the armada at the end, at least five themes were combined – themes for Daenerys, Theon, the Unsullied, the dragons, and the main title.[17]
List of themes[edit]
The themes and their locations in the soundtracks (seasons 1–7):
Arya's Theme ("Valar Morghulis", "Needle"),
Daenerys' theme ("House of the Undying", "Dracarys"),
Jon Snow's theme ("My Watch Has Ended"),
Jon & Ygritte's theme ("You Know Nothing", "The Real North"),
Jon & Daenerys' theme ("Dragonglass", "See You For What You Are", "Truth"),
Cersei's theme ("Light of the Seven", "Nobody Walks Away From Me"),
Jaime's theme ("Kingslayer"),
The Sand Snakes' theme ("Jaws of the Viper", "Unbowed, Unbent, Unbroken"),
The White Walkers' theme ("North of the Wall", "Hardhome", "Hold the Door"),
Ramsay Bolton's theme ("Reek" from 1:15),
Euron's theme ("I Am the Storm"),
Littlefinger's theme ("Chaos is a Ladder", end of "The Dagger"),
The Wall's theme ("The Wall"),
The Dothraki's theme ("To Vaes Dothrak"),
Qarth's theme ("Qarth"),
Meereen's theme ("Mereen"),
The Dragons' theme ("Blood of the Dragon"),
Baratheon theme ("The King's Arrival", "First of His Name"),
Greyjoy theme ("What Is Dead May Never Die"),
Stark theme ("Goodbye Brother", "The North Remembers"),
Bolton theme ("The Wars to Come", 3:31),
Lannister theme ("The Rains of Castamere"),
House of Black and White theme ("House of Black and White"),
The Lord of Light's theme ("Warrior of Light"),
Faith of the Seven Wedding theme ("I Am Hers, She Is Mine"),
The Unsullied theme ("Casterly Rock"),
Three Eyed Raven's theme ("Three Eyed Raven"),
The Citadel's theme ("Maester"),
The Main theme ("Main Titles", "For The Realm", "Winter Is Here")
etc.
Other compositions and songs[edit]
Various pieces of music are also composed for particular plot lines in the series. A notable piece is the "Light of the Seven" which is played at the beginning of the final episode of the sixth season, "The Winds of Winter". This piece, which is over nine minutes long, is unusual in its choice of piano which is not an instrument used before on the series.[23] Such long pieces are seldom used, although in the sixth season there are soundtracks that cover a 10-minute section in the Hodor scenes in "The Door" episode and a 22-minute sequence in the "Battle of the Bastards" episode.[23]
A number of songs have been composed by Djawadi for the show using lyrics from the books A Song of Ice and Fire, the most prominent of which is "The Rains of Castamere". The National recorded the song in the second season, while Sigur Rós also recorded it in the fourth season for a cameo appearance.[24] In season 3, Kerry Ingram who played the character Shireen Baratheon sang "It's Always Summer Under the Sea", while The Bear and the Maiden Fair" was performed by The Hold Steady (but first sung on the episode by the captors of Brienne of Tarth and Jaime Lannister).[25][2] The character Bronn played by Jerome Flynn sang "The Dornishman's Wife" in season 5, while Ed Sheeran also appeared in a cameo to perform "Hands of Gold" in season 7.[26] However, neither of the latter two songs appear in the soundtrack albums.
Releases[edit]
In every season, a soundtrack album of the music used in that season was released toward the end of the season. The first two were released by Varèse Sarabande, all subsequent releases were by WaterTower Music Mixtapes were also released in 2014 and 2015 before the start of the fourth and fifth season respectively and they were available as free downloads to promote the season.[27][28]
Soundtrack[edit]
Year
Title
Composer
Ref(s)
2011 Game of Thrones (season 1) Ramin Djawadi [29]
2012 Game of Thrones (season 2) [30]
2013 Game of Thrones (season 3) [31]
2014 Game of Thrones (season 4) [32]
2015 Game of Thrones (season 5) [33]
2016 Game of Thrones (season 6) [34]
2017 Game of Thrones (season 7) [35]
Mixtapes[edit]
Year
Title
Artist
Ref(s)
2014 Catch the Throne: Volume I Various [36]
2015 Catch the Throne: Volume II Various [37]
Tours[edit]
Main article: Game of Thrones Live Concert Experience
A concert tour featuring the music of Game of Thrones was produced in 2017.[3] The tour involved an 80-piece orchestra, a choir, and seven custom 360-degree stages. Instruments were specially created for the tour, such as a 12-foot Wildling horn played during the Wildling attack on the Wall section.[16][38]
Awards[edit]
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
2011 International Film Music Critics Association Best Original Score for a Television Series Nominated [39]
2012 ASCAP Awards Top Television Series Won [40]
2013 ASCAP Awards Top Television Series Won [41]
International Film Music Critics Association Best Original Score for a Television Series Nominated [42]
2014 66th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards Outstanding Music Composition For A Series (Original Dramatic Score) Episode: "The Mountain and the Viper" Nominated [43]
Hollywood Music in Media Awards Best Original Score - TV Show/Digital Streaming Series Nominated [44]
2016 World Soundtrack Awards Television Composer of the Year Nominated [45]
International Film Music Critics Association Best Original Score for a Television Series Won [46]
Film Music Composition Of The Year Song: "Light of the Seven" Nominated [47]
See also[edit]
For other music based on the A Song of Ice and Fire novels, see Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lynch, Joe (August 22, 2016). "These Are the 10 Most Popular 'Game of Thrones' Cover Songs on YouTube: Exclusive". Billboard.
^ Jump up to: a b c Watercutter, Angela (April 15, 2013). "Why HBO Turned to Indie Bands for the Medieval Tunes of Game of Thrones". Wired. Retrieved April 17, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Game of Thrones concert experience hits the road in 2017". The Guardian. August 8, 2016. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved January 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Selcke, Dan (February 21, 2017). "The Game of Thrones Live Concert Experience has begun, and fans love it". Winteriscoming.net. Archived from the original on February 22, 2017. Retrieved March 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Tenreyro, Tatiana (September 26, 2017). "'Game of Thrones' Live Concert Experience Announces 2018 World Tour". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Thrones Switches Composer". Winter is Coming. February 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Kawashima, Dale (February 24, 2016). "Interview With Evyen Klean, Top Music Supervisor and Owner of Neophonic". Songwriter Universe.
Jump up ^ Davis, Cindy (September 12, 2016). "Mindhole Blowers: 20 Facts About "Game of Thrones" That Might Leave You Crippled, a Bastard or a Broken Thing". Pajiba.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Renfro, Kim (July 7, 2016). "Meet the musical genius behind the Game of Thrones soundtrack who watches each season before anyone else". Tech Insider. Archived from the original on July 8, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Mahoney, Lesley (September 20, 2013). "Behind the Scenes with Game of Thrones Composer Ramin Djawadi". Berklee College of Music.
^ Jump up to: a b Ferreiro, Laura (April 25, 2013). "Game of Thrones' Composer Ramin Djawadi Talks Epic Score, Daenerys' Dragons, and Metal 'Thrones' Theme". Yahoo! Music.
^ Jump up to: a b "Composer Interview: Ramin Djawadi". Filmmusicmedia.com. December 22, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Blickley, Leigh (June 29, 2016). "'Game Of Thrones' Composer Breaks Down The Season Finale's Opening Sequence". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Hrishikesh Hirway, Ramin Djawadi (June 11, 2015). "Here's Why 'Game of Thrones' Theme Song Is as Treacherous as Westeros". The Creators Project. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
Jump up ^ Hirway, Hrishikesh. "Song Exploder 40: RAMIN DJAWADI ("Game of Thrones")". Soundcloud.
^ Jump up to: a b Bell, Crystal (February 17, 2017). "Inside the Epic Game of Thrones Tour That's Bringing Westeros to Life". MTV.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Vineyard, Jennifer. "Game of Thrones Composer Ramin Djawadi on the Show's Key Musical Elements, and That Godfather-esque Finale Tune". Vulture.
^ Jump up to: a b Morton, Ashley (February 17, 2017). "Ramin Djawadi Shares Secrets of GoT Composing, Characters and Concerts". Making Game of Thrones (HBO).
^ Jump up to: a b Selcke, Dan. "Video: Game of Thrones Composer Ramin Djawadi on Writing the Show's Music". Winter Is Coming.
Jump up ^ Kalus, Ruben (April 22, 2016). "No flutes allowed: Composer Ramin Djawadi on the music of 'Game of Thrones'". Deutsche Welle.
Jump up ^ Li, Shirley (August 29, 2017). "Game of Thrones composer breaks down season 7 finale score". Entertainment Weekley.
Jump up ^ Misra, Sulagna (June 12, 2015). "Inside the Music of Game of Thrones Season 5". Vanity Fair.
^ Jump up to: a b Wigler, Josh (June 28, 2016). "'Game of Thrones' Composer Discusses "Light of the Seven," the Finale's "Haunting" King's Landing Score". Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Cooper, Leonie (April 4, 2014). "Sigur Ros to cover The National for 'Game Of Thrones' soundtrack". NME.
Jump up ^ March 5, 2013, James. "'Game of Thrones' and the Hold Steady team for season 3 song". EW.com.
Jump up ^ Vincent, Alice (July 18, 2017). "The secret meaning of Ed Sheeran's Game of Thrones character - and the song he sings". The Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ Battan, Carrie (March 5, 2014). "Game of Thrones" Official HBO Mixtape to Feature Big Boi, Common, Wale, More". Pitchfork.
Jump up ^ Camp, Zoe (March 17, 2015). "Stream Catch the Throne Vol. 2, Official "Game of Thrones" Mixtape". Pitchfork.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones by Ramin Djawadi". AllMusic. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: Season 2 by Ramin Djawadi". Retrieved July 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: Season 3 by Ramin Djawadi". Retrieved July 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: Season 4 by Ramin Djawadi". Retrieved July 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: Season 5 by Ramin Djawadi". Retrieved July 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: Season 6 by Ramin Djawadi". Retrieved July 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Game of Thrones: Season 7 by Ramin Djawadi". Retrieved August 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Beauchemin, Molly; Battan, Carrie (March 7, 2014). "Listen to the "Game Of Thrones" Mixtape, Catch the Throne". Pitchfork.
Jump up ^ Blistein, Jon (March 17, 2015). "Hear the Second 'Game of Thrones' Mixtape Now". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Pfleegor, Dan (February 23, 2017). "Behind the Scenes of The Game of Thrones Live Experience". Consequence of Sound.
Jump up ^ "IFMCA Award Nominations 2011 - IFMCA: the International Film Music Critics Association".
Jump up ^ "ASCAP Honors Top Film and Television Music Composers at 27th Annual Awards Celebration". www.ascap.com.
Jump up ^ "ASCAP Honors Top Film and Television Music Composers at 28th Annual Awards Celebration". www.ascap.com.
Jump up ^ "IFMCA Award Nominations 2013 - IFMCA: the International Film Music Critics Association".
Jump up ^ "Emmy Awards 2014: the nominations in full". Daily Telegraph. July 10, 2014. Retrieved July 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hollywood Music in Media Awards Nominations Announced". International Film Music Critics Association. October 8, 2014. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Gent, Film Fest. "16th World Soundtrack Awards announces first wave of nominees". Film Fest Gent. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "IFMCA Award Winners 2016 | IFMCA: International Film Music Critics Association". International Film Music Critics Association. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "IFMCA Award Nominations 2016 | IFMCA: International Film Music Critics Association". International Film Music Critics Association. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
[show]
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