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Kubo and the Two Strings
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Kubo and the Two Strings
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Travis Knight
Produced by
Travis Knight
Arianne Sutner
Screenplay by
Marc Haimes
Chris Butler
Story by
Shannon Tindle
Marc Haimes
Starring
Charlize Theron
Art Parkinson
Ralph Fiennes
Rooney Mara
George Takei
Matthew McConaughey
Music by
Dario Marianelli
Edited by
Christopher Murrie
Production
company
Laika
Distributed by
Focus Features
Release date
August 13, 2016 (2016-08-13) (MIFF)
August 19, 2016 (2016-08-19) (United States)
Running time
102 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$60 million[2]
Box office
$74.5 million[3]
Kubo and the Two Strings is a 2016 American 3D stop-motion fantasy action-adventure film directed and co-produced by Travis Knight (in his directorial debut), and written by Marc Haimes and Chris Butler. It stars the voices of Art Parkinson, Charlize Theron, Ralph Fiennes, Rooney Mara, George Takei, and Matthew McConaughey. It is Laika's fourth feature film produced. The film revolves around Kubo, who wields a magical shamisen and whose left eye was stolen. Accompanied by an anthropomorphic snow monkey and beetle, he must subdue his mother's corrupted Sisters and his power-hungry grandfather Raiden (aka, the Moon King), who stole his left eye.
Kubo premiered at Melbourne International Film Festival and was released by Focus Features in the United States on August 19 to critical acclaim and has grossed $74 million worldwide against a budget of $60 million. The film won the BAFTA for Best Animated Film and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature Film and Best Visual Effects, becoming the second animated film to be nominated in the latter category following The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993).
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Track listing
5 Release
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Accolades
5.4 Home media
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
In feudal Japan, young 12 year old eyepatched Kubo tends to his ill mother Sariatu in a mountain cave near a village. He earns their meager living by magically manipulating origami with music from his shamisen for the village folk and his mother, telling the tale of a samurai warrior named Hanzo, Kubo's missing father. Kubo is never able to finish his story as he doesn't know what happened to his father and his mother can't recall the end of the story due to her deteriorating mental state. Sariatu warns him not to stay out after dark as her Sisters (his aunts), Karasu and Washi, and his grandfather, the Moon King (who took his eye when he was a baby) will be able to find him and take his remaining eye.
One day, Kubo learns of the village's Bon festival allowing them to speak to deceased loved ones. Kubo attends but is angry that Hanzo does not appear from his grave, and forgets to return home before sunset. Sariatu's Sisters, Karasu and Washi, quickly find him and attack, but Sariatu suddenly appears to protect Kubo. She uses her magic to send Kubo far away where they will never find him, telling him to find his father's armor. Kubo grabs a strand of Sariatu's hair before he is sent away.
Kubo wakes up in a distant land to find Monkey, his little wooden snow monkey charm, has come alive. Monkey tells him Sariatu is gone and the village destroyed, but they must find Hanzo's armor. With help of "Little Hanzo", an origami figure based on Kubo's father, they track down the armor. Along the way, they meet Beetle, an amnesiac samurai who was cursed to take the form of a stag beetle/human hybrid but believes himself to have been Hanzo's apprentice. Meanwhile, the Sisters track down Kubo's trail.
Kubo, Monkey, and Beetle reclaim the "Sword Unbreakable" from an underground cave "Hall of Bones" guarded by a giant skeleton. They cross the Long Lake in a leaf boat to locate the "Breastplate Impenetrable" deep underwater. Kubo and Beetle swim down to retrieve it and encounter a sea monster, the "Garden of Eyes" who can entrance its victims with its many eyes by showing secrets. Kubo is caught in the creature's sight, but while entranced, comes to realize that Monkey is the reincarnated spirit of his mother. Beetle rescues the unconscious Kubo and obtains the Breastplate, but returning to the boat, they find that Monkey has been badly wounded fighting and defeating Karasu. Their boat has been badly damaged in the battle but restored by Kubo and Monkey's own magic.
They go to shore to recover, where Monkey explains that she and her Sisters had been ordered by the Moon King to kill Hanzo, but she instead fell in love with him, and the Moon King branded her an enemy. That night, Kubo dreams of meeting Raiden, a blind elderly man, who points him towards the "Helmet Invulnerable" in Hanzo's abandoned fortress. They travel there the next day, but realize too late it is a trap set by Washi. Washi reveals that Beetle is Hanzo, who they had cursed for taking Sariatu away from them. She kills Beetle, and Monkey sacrifices herself, allowing Kubo the time he needs to use his shamisen to defeat Washi, breaking two of the three strings on it. Little Hanzo provides insight that the Helmet is actually the bell at the village, and Kubo breaks the last string to quickly travel there.
At the village, Kubo meets Raiden, who is revealed as the Moon King. He offers to take Kubo's other eye as to make him immortal, but Kubo refuses. Raiden transforms into a giant centipede-like creature, the Moon Beast, and pursues Kubo and the remaining villagers into its cemetery. Kubo removes Hanzo's armor that has proven ineffective, and instead restrings his shamisen using his mother's hair, his father's bowstring, and his own hair. With the instrument, he is able to summon the spirits of the villagers' loved ones, who show the Moon Beast that memories are the strongest magic of all and can never be destroyed. Kubo and the spirits' magic protects them and the villagers from the Moon Beast, eventually stripping him of his powers and leaving him a mortal human without any memories. Spurred on by Kubo's stories, the villagers take compassion and tell Raiden he was a man of many positive traits, accepting him into the village. Kubo finally is able to speak to his parents' ghosts during the subsequent Bon ceremony, as they watch the deceased villagers' lanterns transform into golden herons and they fly to the spirit world into the sky.
Cast[edit]
Art Parkinson as Kubo, an eyepatch-wearing boy who is the son of Sariatu and Hanzo.
Charlize Theron as Monkey/Sariatu, Kubo's mother and one of the Moon King's daughters, reincarnated in a little Japanese snow monkey charm, known as Monkey, after she is killed by her Sisters.
Matthew McConaughey as Beetle/Hanzo, Kubo's father, who was transformed by the Sisters into a stag beetle/human hybrid with no recollection of his true identity, believing himself to be Hanzo's apprentice.
Ralph Fiennes as Raiden the Moon King, Kubo's grandfather, and the Sisters and Sariatu's father.
Rooney Mara as Karasu and Washi the Sisters, two twin sisters who are Kubo's evil aunts, Sariatu's younger sisters, and the Moon King's twin daughters.
George Takei as Hosato, a villager who teaches his daughter their Japanese culture and traditions.
Cary-Hiroyuki Tagawa as Hashi, a villager and Kubo's biggest fan.
Brenda Vaccaro as Kameyo, a villager and an elderly but young-hearted widow who is a grandmother-figure to Kubo.
Meyrick Murphy as Mari
Minae Noji as Minae
Alpha Takahashi as Aiko
Laura Miro as Miho
Ken Takemoto as Ken
Production[edit]
Announced in December 2014, the project is the directoral debut of Laika's CEO Travis Knight.[4] Knight was pitched the story by production designer Shannon Tindle as a "stop-motion samurai epic". Although the studio had never ventured into the genre before, Knight was enthusiastic about the project; owing partly his affinity towards both the "epic fantasy" genre as well as Japanese culture in general.[5]
The art took inspiration from such Japanese mediums as ink wash painting and origami among others. A particular influence came from the ukiyo-e wood block style, with Laika intending to make the entire film "to look and feel as if it’s a moving woodblock print"[5] Assistance came from 3D printing firm Stratasys who allowed Laika to use their newest technogies in exchange for feedback on them.[5]
For the Skeleton monster the team created a giant 16 foot, 400 pound puppet, which Laika claims is the record holder for largest stop motion puppet.[6] The idea to make such a massive puppet was born out of a fear that individual smaller parts (meant to represent the larger monster) would not work well on screen interacting with the other puppets.[6] The resulting puppet was built in two parts which were then attached together by magnets. For movement Laika had to design a robot to easily manipulate it. The team at one point purchased an industrial robot off of eBay but found that it would not work with their setup.[6]
Dario Marianelli composed the score for the film.[7]
Soundtrack[edit]
Kubo and the Two Strings
Soundtrack album by Dario Marianelli
Released
August 5, 2016
Genre
Film score
Length
53:11
Label
Warner Bros. Records
Laika film soundtrack chronology
The Boxtrolls
(2014)The Boxtrolls2014 Kubo and the Two Strings
(2016)
Dario Marianelli chronology
Everest
(2015) Everest2015 Kubo and the Two Strings
(2016) Kubo and the Two Strings2016
Track listing[edit]
No.
Title
Length
1. "The Impossible Waves" 2:37
2. "Kubo Goes to Town" 1:25
3. "Story Time" 2:10
4. "Ancestors" 2:07
5. "Meet the Sisters!" 2:22
6. "Origami Birds" 3:25
7. "The Giant Skeleton" 3:30
8. "The Leafy Galleon" 4:36
9. "Above and Below" 3:59
10. "The Galleon Restored" 1:06
11. "Monkey's Story" 2:57
12. "Hanzo's Fortress" 5:45
13. "United-Divided" 3:01
14. "Showdown with Grandfather" 7:04
15. "Rebirth" 1:33
16. "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" (Regina Spektor) 5:23
Release[edit]
The film screened at the Melbourne International Film Festival on August 13, 2016,[8] and was theatrically released in the United States on August 19, 2016.[9]
Box office[edit]
As of January 24, 2017[update], Kubo and the Two Strings has grossed $48 million in North America and $26.5 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $74.5 million, against a budget of $60 million.[3]
In the United States, the film was released on August 19, 2016, alongside Ben-Hur and War Dogs, and was projected to gross $12–15 million from 3,260 theaters in its opening weekend.[10] It made $515,000 from its Thursday night previews and $4.1 million on its first day. It went on to gross $12.6 million in its opening weekend, finishing 4th at the box office.[11]
Critical response[edit]
The film received critical and universal acclaim. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film has an approval rating of 97%, based on reviews from 185 critics, with an average rating of 8.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Kubo and the Two Strings matches its incredible animation with an absorbing—and bravely melancholy—story that has something to offer audiences of all ages."[12] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 84 out of 100, based on reviews from 38 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[13] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[14]
Christy Lemire of RogerEbert.com awarded the film 3.5 stars out of 4, saying that "one of the most impressive elements of Kubo and the Two Strings—besides its dazzling stop-motion animation, its powerful performances and its transporting score—is the amount of credit it gives its audience, particularly its younger viewers."[15] IGN's Samantha Ladwig gave the film 7.5/10, stating that the film is "Dark, twisted, and occasionally scary, but also with humor, love, and inspiration."[16] Jesse Hassenger, of The A.V. Club, praised the film, saying that "no American animation studio is better-suited to dreamlike plotting than Laika, and the animation of Kubo is truly dazzling, mixing sophistication and handmade charm with inspired flow."[17]
Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post gave the film 4/4 stars, stating that the film is "both extraordinarily original and extraordinarily complex, even for a grown-up movie masquerading as a kiddie cartoon (which it kind of is)."[18] In The New York Times, Glenn Kenny said that "the movie’s blend of stop-motion animation for the main action with computer-generated backgrounds is seamless, creating what is the most visually intoxicating of all Laika's movies."[19] Peter Debruge of Variety wrote that ""Kubo" offers another ominous mission for a lucky young misfit, this one a dark, yet thrilling adventure quest that stands as the crowning achievement in Laika's already impressive oeuvre."[20]
Jonathan Pile, member of the British film magazine Empire, wrote about the film: "Yet another success for stop-motion giants Laika ... boasts big laughs and effective scares in a typically gorgeous animated tale."[21]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Kubo and the Two Strings
Home media[edit]
Kubo and the Two Strings was released on DVD, Blu-ray, and digital media on November 22, 2016.[22]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Kubo and the Two Strings (PG)". British Board of Film Classification. August 19, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kubo and the Two Strings (2016)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kubo and the Two Strings (2016)". The Numbers. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hammond, Pete (December 22, 2014). "Laika & Focus Begin Production On All-Star ‘Kubo And The Two Strings’ To Kick Off 3-Pic Deal". Deadline. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lott-Lavinga, Ruby. "Kubo and the Two Strings: an epic film made on a 12-foot-long table". Wired.co.uk. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Fails, Ian. "Laika Was Crazy Enough To Animate A 16-Foot Tall Skeleton for ‘Kubo and The Two Strings’". Cartoon Brew. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dario Marianelli to Score Laika’s ‘Kubo and the Two Strings’". Film Music Reporter. April 28, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ "KIDS GALA: KUBO AND THE TWO STRINGS 3D". Melbourne International Film Festival. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Reyes, Mike. "The Kubo And The Two Strings Trailer Is Epic And Magical". Cinema Blend. Retrieved August 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Ben-Hur' remake likely won't be able to topple 'Suicide Squad' at the box office". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ "'‘War Dogs’ Begins Barking On Thursday Night – Box Office". deadline.com.
Jump up ^ "Kubo and the Two Strings (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved September 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kubo and the Two Strings". Metacritic. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com.
Jump up ^ "Kubo and the Two Strings Movie Review (2016) - Roger Ebert". Retrieved August 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kubo and the Two Strings Review - IGN". Retrieved August 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kubo And The Two Strings - Film Review Laika releases another, less ghoulish triumph with Kubo And The Two Strings - Movie Review - The A.V. Club". Retrieved August 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "‘Kubo and the Two Strings’ weaves a magical tale that feels both ancient and fresh - The Washington Post". Retrieved August 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kubo and the Two Strings - The New York Times". Retrieved August 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Kubo and the Two Strings' Review: Puts the Emotion in Stop-Motion - Variety". Retrieved August 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kubo And The Two Strings Review - Movie - Empire". Retrieved August 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kubo and the Two Strings Blu-ray".
External links[edit]
Official website
Kubo and the Two Strings on IMDb
Kubo and the Two Strings at Box Office Mojo
Kubo and the Two Strings at Rotten Tomatoes
Kubo and the Two Strings at Metacritic
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Feature films
Coraline (2009)
ParaNorman (2012)
The Boxtrolls (2014)
Kubo and the Two Strings (2016)
Short films
Moongirl (2005)
People
Phil Knight
Travis Knight
Henry Selick
Associated productions
Corpse Bride (2005)
King of California (2007)
Slacker Cats (2007–2009)
A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas (2011)
See also
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Up (2009)
Toy Story 3 (2010)
Rango (2011)
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Frozen (2013)
The Lego Movie (2014)
Inside Out (2015)
Kubo and the Two Strings (2016)
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text:
Vacutainer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A range of Vacutainer tubes containing blood
A Vacutainer blood collection tube is a sterile glass tube with a colored rubber stopper creating a vacuum seal inside of the tube facilitating the drawing of a predetermined volume of liquid. Vacutainer tubes may contain additives designed to stabilize and preserve the specimen prior to analytical testing. Tubes are available with a safety-engineered closure (rubber stopper), with a variety of labeling options and stopper colors as well as a range of draw volumes.
Vacutainer tubes were invented by Joseph Kleiner and Becton Dickinson in 1949.[1] Vacutainer is a registered trademark of Becton Dickinson, which manufactures and sells the tubes today.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Principles
2 Types of tubes
2.1 Containers containing coagulants
2.2 Containers containing anticoagulants
2.3 Other
3 History and culture
3.1 History
3.2 Culture
4 References
5 External links
Principles[edit]
Drawing blood using a vacutainer. The clear plastic sheath around the top of the tube holds the needle. The orange guard will shield the needle after it is withdrawn from the patient to protect from accidental needle sticks.
Vacutainer needle are double ended, with one side being encased in a thin rubber coating for safety. When the needle is screwed into the translucent plastic needle holder, the rubber needle is inside the holder, and the exposed needle will be inserted into the vein. When a Vacutainer tube is inserted into the holder, its rubber cap is punctured by the inner needle and the vacuum in the tube pulls blood through the needle and into the tube. The filled tube is then removed and another can be inserted and filled the same way. The amount of air evacuated from the tube predetermines how much blood will fill the tube before blood stops flowing.
Each tube is topped with a color-coded plastic or rubber cap. Tubes often include additives that mix with the blood when collected, and the color of each tube's plastic cap indicates which additives it contains.
Blood collection tubes expire because over time the vacuum is lost and blood will not be drawn into the tube when the needle punctures the cap.
Types of tubes[edit]
A tiger top tube after centrifugation to separate blood cells from serum
Vacutainer tubes may contain additional substances that preserve blood for processing in a medical laboratory. Using the wrong tube may make the blood sample unusable for the intended purpose. These additives are typically thin film coatings applied using an ultrasonic nozzle.
The additives may include anticoagulants (EDTA, sodium citrate, heparin) or a gel with density between those of blood cells and blood plasma. Additionally, some tubes contain additives that preserve certain components of or substances within the blood, such as glucose. When a tube is centrifuged, the materials within are separated by density, with the blood cells sinking to the bottom and the plasma or serum accumulating at the top. Tubes containing gel can be easily handled and transported after centrifugation without the blood cells and serum mixing.
Vacutainer blood tubes
The meanings of the various colors are standardized across manufacturers.[2][3][4]
The term order of draw refers to the sequence in which tubes should be filled. The needle which pierces the tubes can carry additives from one tube into the next, so the sequence is standardized so that any cross-contamination of additives will not affect laboratory results.[4]
Containers containing coagulants[edit]
Gold or "tiger" red/black top: clot activator and gel for serum separation
Red top (plastic, not glass): clot activator but no serum separation gel
Orange or grey/yellow "tiger" Top: thrombin, a rapid clot activator, for stat serum testing
Containers containing anticoagulants[edit]
Green: sodium heparin or lithium heparin used for plasma determinations in clinical chemistry (e.g. urea and electrolyte determination). Sodium heparin collection tubes are the classically preferred tube for peripheral blood or bone marrow for cytogenetic studies. Lithium heparin is considered suboptimal for cytogenetics.[citation needed]
Light green or green/gray "tiger": For plasma determinations.
Purple or lavender: K2 EDTA. This is a strong anticoagulant and these tubes are usually used for complete blood counts (CBC). Lavender top tubes are generally used when whole blood is needed for analysis. Can also be used for some blood bank procedures such as blood type and screen. EDTA tubes are preferred by most molecular genetics laboratories for molecular genetic studies (DNA or RNA).[citation needed]
Grey: sodium fluoride and oxalate. Fluoride prevents enzymes in the blood from working, by preventing glycolysis so a substrate such as glucose will not be gradually used up during storage. Oxalate is an anticoagulant.
Light blue: sodium citrate. Citrate is a reversible anticoagulant, and these tubes are used for coagulation assays.
Dark Blue: EDTA.These tubes are used for trace metal analysis.
Black - Used for Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR).
Other[edit]
Red (glass): Contains no additives.
Light yellow: Contains sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS). Used for blood culture specimens or acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD), used for blood bank studies, HLA phenotyping, and paternity testing.
Tan (glass or plastic): Contains either sodium heparin (glass) or K2EDTA (plastic). Used for lead determinations. These tubes are certified to contain no lead.
History and culture[edit]
Blood collection tubes are among the basic medical supplies taken by disaster relief programs to affected areas.
History[edit]
Vacutainer technology was developed in 1947 by Joseph Kleiner,[1] and is currently marketed by Becton Dickinson (B-D).[5]
The plastic tube version, known as Vacutainer PLUS, was developed at B-D in the early 1990s by E. Vogler, D. Montgomery and G. Harper amongst others of the Surface Science Group as US patents 5344611, 5326535, 5320812, 5257633 and 5246666.[6]
Vacutainers are widely used in phlebotomy in developed countries due to safety and ease of use. Vacutainers have the advantage of being prepared with additives, allowing easy multi-tube draws, and having a lower chance of hemolysis.[7] In developing countries, it is still common to draw blood using a syringe or syringes.
Culture[edit]
The purple top tube became an issue in the O.J. Simpson murder case when the defense alleged that small droplets of blood found at the crime scene contained the preservative EDTA. Had this been true, it would have meant that the droplet might have been taken from the purple top tube used to collect Simpson's blood and planted at the crime scene.[8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Rosenfeld L (2000). "A golden age of clinical chemistry: 1948–1960". Clin Chem. 46 (10): 1705–14. PMID 11017957.
Jump up ^ "Specimen Collection Tubes & Containers". Retrieved 2006-02-01.
Jump up ^ "Quick Collection List". Archived from the original on 2005-12-16. Retrieved 2006-02-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "Blood collection: routine venipuncture and specimen handling". Retrieved 2006-02-01.
Jump up ^ "BD Vacutainer Venous Blood Collection - Tube Guide" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-05-30.
Jump up ^ "US Patent Office Patent number search".
Jump up ^ http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/000456327501200136
Jump up ^ "Transcript of 1997 Simpson civil trial". Archived from the original on 2007-01-01. Retrieved 2006-04-05.
External links[edit]
Animated Vacutainer Procedure with Order of Draw
Blood Collection Tube Coating Video
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