text:
Marine habitats
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about habitats for marine life. For underwater habitats for humans, see Underwater habitat.
Marine habitats
Coral reefs provide marine habitats for tube sponges, which in turn become marine habitats for fishes
Littoral zone
Intertidal zone
Estuaries
Kelp forests
Coral reefs
Ocean banks
Continental shelf
Neritic zone
Straits
Pelagic zone
Oceanic zone
Seamounts
Hydrothermal vents
Cold seeps
Demersal zone
Benthic zone
v
t
e
The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life. Marine life depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea (the term marine comes from the Latin mare, meaning sea or ocean). A habitat is an ecological or environmental area inhabited by one or more living species.[1][2]
Marine habitats can be divided into coastal and open ocean habitats. Coastal habitats are found in the area that extends from as far as the tide comes in on the shoreline out to the edge of the continental shelf. Most marine life is found in coastal habitats, even though the shelf area occupies only seven percent of the total ocean area. Open ocean habitats are found in the deep ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf.
Alternatively, marine habitats can be divided into pelagic and demersal zones. Pelagic habitats are found near the surface or in the open water column, away from the bottom of the ocean. Demersal habitats are near or on the bottom of the ocean. An organism living in a pelagic habitat is said to be a pelagic organism, as in pelagic fish. Similarly, an organism living in a demersal habitat is said to be a demersal organism, as in demersal fish. Pelagic habitats are intrinsically shifting and ephemeral, depending on what ocean currents are doing.
Marine habitats can be modified by their inhabitants. Some marine organisms, like corals, kelp, mangroves and seagrasses, are ecosystem engineers which reshape the marine environment to the point where they create further habitat for other organisms.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Ocean currents
3 Marine topography
4 Biomass
5 Coastal
5.1 Intertidal
5.2 Sandy shores
5.3 Rocky shores
5.4 Mudflats
5.5 Mangrove and salt marshes
5.6 Estuaries
5.7 Kelp forests
5.8 Seagrass meadows
5.9 Coral reefs
6 Open ocean
6.1 Surface waters
6.2 Deep sea
7 Sea floor
7.1 Vents and seeps
7.2 Trenches
7.3 Seamounts
8 Gallery
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
12 External links
Overview[edit]
Only 29 percent of the world surface is land. The rest is ocean, home to the marine habitats. The oceans are nearly four kilometres deep on average and are fringed with coastlines that run for nearly 380,000 kilometres.
In contrast to terrestrial habitats, marine habitats are shifting and ephemeral. Swimming organisms find areas by the edge of a continental shelf a good habitat, but only while upwellings bring nutrient rich water to the surface. Shellfish find habitat on sandy beaches, but storms, tides and currents mean their habitat continually reinvents itself.
The presence of seawater is common to all marine habitats. Beyond that many other things determine whether a marine area makes a good habitat and the type of habitat it makes. For example:
temperature – is affected by geographical latitude, ocean currents, weather, the discharge of rivers, and by the presence of hydrothermal vents or cold seeps
sunlight – photosynthetic processes depend on how deep and turbid the water is
nutrients – are transported by ocean currents to different marine habitats from land runoff, or by upwellings from the deep sea, or they sink though the sea as marine snow
salinity – varies, particularly in estuaries or near river deltas, or by hydrothermal vents
dissolved gases – oxygen levels in particular, can be increased by wave actions and decreased during algal blooms
acidity – this is partly to do with dissolved gases above, since the acidity of the ocean is largely controlled by how much carbon dioxide is in the water.
turbulence – ocean waves, fast currents and the agitation of water affect the nature of habitats
cover – the availability of cover such as the adjacency of the sea bottom, or the presence of floating objects
the occupying organisms themselves – since organisms modify their habitats by the act of occupying them, and some, like corals, kelp, mangroves and seagrasses, create further habitats for other organisms.
Ocean
Area
million km2
%
Volume[3]
million cu km
%
Mean depth
km
Max depth
km
Coastline
km
%
Ref
Pacific Ocean 155.6 46.4 679.6 49.6 4.37 10.924 135,663 [4]
Atlantic Ocean 76.8 22.9 313.4 22.5 4.08 8.605 111,866 [5]
Indian Ocean 68.6 20.4 269.3 19.6 3.93 7.258 66,526 [6]
Southern Ocean 20.3 6.1 91.5 6.7 4.51 7.235 17,968 [7]
Arctic Ocean 14.1 4.2 17.0 1.2 1.21 4.665 45,389 [8]
Overall 335.3 1370.8[9] 4.09 10.924 377,412
Land runoff, pouring into the sea, can contain nutrients
The ocean occupies 71 percent of the world surface, averaging nearly four kilometres in depth. There are five major oceans, of which the Pacific Ocean is nearly as large as the rest put together. Coastlines fringe the land for nearly 380,000 kilometres.[citation needed]
Marine habitats can be broadly divided into pelagic and demersal habitats.[citation needed] Pelagic habitats are the habitats of the open water column, away from the bottom of the ocean. Demersal habitats are the habitats that are near or on the bottom of the ocean. An organism living in a pelagic habitat is said to be a pelagic organism, as in pelagic fish. Similarly, an organism living in a demersal habitat is said to be a demersal organism, as in demersal fish. Pelagic habitats are intrinsically ephemeral, depending on what ocean currents are doing.[citation needed]
The land-based ecosystem depends on topsoil and fresh water, while the marine ecosystem depends on dissolved nutrients washed down from the land.[10]
Ocean deoxygenation poses a threat to marine habitats, due to the growth of low oxygen zones.[11]
Ocean currents[edit]
Ocean gyres rotate clockwise in the north and counterclockwise in the south
In marine systems, ocean currents have a key role determining which areas are effective as habitats, since ocean currents transport the basic nutrients needed to support marine life.[12] Plankton are the life forms that inhabit the ocean that are so small (less than 2 mm) that they cannot effectively propel themselves through the water, but must drift instead with the currents. If the current carries the right nutrients, and if it also flows at a suitably shallow depth where there is plenty of sunlight, then such a current itself can become a suitable habitat for photosynthesizing tiny algae called phytoplankton. These tiny plants are the primary producers in the ocean, at the start of the food chain. In turn, as the population of drifting phytoplankton grows, the water becomes a suitable habitat for zooplankton, which feed on the phytoplankton. While phytoplankton are tiny drifting plants, zooplankton are tiny drifting animals, such as the larvae of fish and marine invertebrates. If sufficient zooplankton establish themselves, the current becomes a candidate habitat for the forage fish that feed on them. And then if sufficient forage fish move to the area, it becomes a candidate habitat for larger predatory fish and other marine animals that feed on the forage fish. In this dynamic way, the current itself can, over time, become a moving habitat for multiple types of marine life.
This algae bloom occupies sunlit epipelagic waters off the southern coast of England. The algae are maybe feeding on nutrients from land runoff or upwellings at the edge of the continental shelf
Ocean currents can be generated by differences in the density of the water. How dense water is depends on how saline or warm it is. If water contains differences in salt content or temperature, then the different densities will initiate a current. Water that is saltier or cooler will be denser, and will sink in relation to the surrounding water. Conversely, warmer and less salty water will float to the surface. Atmospheric winds and pressure differences also produces surface currents, waves and seiches. Ocean currents are also generated by the gravitational pull of the sun and moon (tides), and seismic activity (tsunami).[12]
The rotation of the Earth affects the direction ocean currents take, and explains which way the large circular ocean gyres rotate in the image above left. Suppose a current at the equator is heading north. The Earth rotates eastward, so the water possesses that rotational momentum. But the further the water moves north, the slower the earth moves eastward. If the current could get to the North Pole, the earth wouldn't be moving eastward at all. To conserve its rotational momentum, the further the current travels north the faster it must move eastward. So the effect is that the current curves to the right. This is the Coriolis effect. It is weakest at the equator and strongest at the poles. The effect is opposite south of the equator, where currents curve left.[12]
Marine topography[edit]
Map of underwater topography (1995 NOAA)
Marine (or seabed or ocean) topography refers to the shape the land has when it interfaces with the ocean. These shapes are obvious along coastlines, but they occur also in significant ways underwater. The effectiveness of marine habitats is partially defined by these shapes, including the way they interact with and shape ocean currents, and the way sunlight diminishes when these landforms occupy increasing depths. Tidal networks depend on the balance between sedimentary processes and hydrodynamics however, anthropogenic influences can impact the natural system more than any physical driver.[13]
Marine topographies include coastal and oceanic landforms ranging from coastal estuaries and shorelines to continental shelves and coral reefs. Further out in the open ocean, they include underwater and deep sea features such as ocean rises and seamounts. The submerged surface has mountainous features, including a globe-spanning mid-ocean ridge system, as well as undersea volcanoes,[14] oceanic trenches, submarine canyons, oceanic plateaus and abyssal plains.
The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35×1018 metric tons, or about 1/4400 of the total mass of the Earth. The oceans cover an area of 3.618×108 km2 with a mean depth of 3,682 m, resulting in an estimated volume of 1.332×109 km3.[15]
Biomass[edit]
See also: Marine biomass
One measure of the relative importance of different marine habitats is the rate at which they produce biomass.
Producer
Biomass productivity
(gC/m²/yr)
Ref
Total area
(million km²)
Ref
Total production
(billion tonnes C/yr)
Comment
swamps and marshes 2,500 [16] Includes freshwater
coral reefs 2,000 [16] 0.28 [17] 0.56
algal beds 2,000 [16]
river estuaries 1,800 [16]
open ocean 125 [16][18] 311 39
Coastal[edit]
Coastlines can be volatile habitats
See also: Coast, Coastal biogeomorphology, and Coastal fish
Marine coasts are dynamic environments which constantly change, like the ocean which partially shape them. The Earth's natural processes, including weather and sea level change, result in the erosion, accretion and resculpturing of coasts as well as the flooding and creation of continental shelves and drowned river valleys.
The main agents responsible for deposition and erosion along coastlines are waves, tides and currents. The formation of coasts also depends on the nature of the rocks they are made of – the harder the rocks the less likely they are to erode, so variations in rock hardness result in coastlines with different shapes.
Tides often determine the range over which sediment is deposited or eroded. Areas with high tidal ranges allow waves to reach farther up the shore, and areas with lower tidal ranges produce deposition at a smaller elevation interval. The tidal range is influenced by the size and shape of the coastline. Tides do not typically cause erosion by themselves; however, tidal bores can erode as the waves surge up river estuaries from the ocean.[19]
Waves erode coastline as they break on shore releasing their energy; the larger the wave the more energy it releases and the more sediment it moves. Sediment deposited by waves comes from eroded cliff faces and is moved along the coastline by the waves. Sediment deposited by rivers is the dominant influence on the amount of sediment located on a coastline.[20]
Shores that look permanent through the short perceptive of a human lifetime are in fact among the most temporary of all marine structures.[21]
The sedimentologist Francis Shepard classified coasts as primary or secondary.[22]
Primary coasts are shaped by non-marine processes, by changes in the land form. If a coast is in much the same condition as it was when sea level was stabilised after the last ice age, it is called a primary coast.[22] "Primary coasts are created by erosion (the wearing away of soil or rock), deposition (the buildup of sediment or sand) or tectonic activity (changes in the structure of the rock and soil because of earthquakes). Many of these coastlines were formed as the sea level rose during the last 18,000 years, submerging river and glacial valleys to form bays and fjords."[23] An example of a primary coast is a river delta, which forms when a river deposits soil and other material as it enters the sea.[23]
Secondary coasts are produced by marine processes, such as the action of the sea or by creatures that live in it. Secondary coastlines include sea cliffs, barrier islands, mud flats, coral reefs, mangrove swamps and salt marshes.[23]
The global continental shelf, highlighted in cyan, defines the extent of coastal habitats, and occupies 5% of the total world area.
Continental coastlines usually have a continental shelf, a shelf of relatively shallow water, less than 200 metres deep, which extends 68 km on average beyond the coast. Worldwide, continental shelves occupy a total area of about 24 million km2 (9 million sq mi), 8% of the ocean's total area and nearly 5% of the world's total area.[24][25] Since the continental shelf is usually less than 200 metres deep, it follows that coastal habitats are generally photic, situated in the sunlit epipelagic zone. This means the conditions for photosynthetic processes so important for primary production, are available to coastal marine habitats. Because land is nearby, there are large discharges of nutrient rich land runoff into coastal waters. Further, periodic upwellings from the deep ocean can provide cool and nutrient rich currents along the edge of the continental shelf.
As a result, coastal marine life is the most abundant in the world. It is found in tidal pools, fjords and estuaries, near sandy shores and rocky coastlines, around coral reefs and on or above the continental shelf. Coastal fish include small forage fish as well as the larger predator fish that feed on them. Forage fish thrive in inshore waters where high productivity results from upwelling and shoreline run off of nutrients. Some are partial residents that spawn in streams, estuaries and bays, but most complete their life cycle in the zone.[26] There can also be a mutualism between species that occupy adjacent marine habitats. For example, fringing reefs just below low tide level have a mutually beneficial relationship with mangrove forests at high tide level and sea grass meadows in between: the reefs protect the mangroves and seagrass from strong currents and waves that would damage them or erode the sediments in which they are rooted, while the mangroves and seagrass protect the coral from large influxes of silt, fresh water and pollutants. This additional level of variety in the environment is beneficial to many types of coral reef animals, which for example may feed in the sea grass and use the reefs for protection or breeding.[27]
Coastal habitats are the most visible marine habitats, but they are not the only important marine habitats. Coastlines run for 380,000 kilometres, and the total volume of the ocean is 1,370 million cu km. This means that for each metre of coast, there is 3.6 cu km of ocean space available somewhere for marine habitats.
Waves and currents shape the intertidal shoreline, eroding the softer rocks and transporting and grading loose particles into shingles, sand or mud
Intertidal[edit]
Intertidal zones, those areas close to shore, are constantly being exposed and covered by the ocean's tides. A huge array of life lives within this zone.
Shore habitats range from the upper intertidal zones to the area where land vegetation takes prominence. It can be underwater anywhere from daily to very infrequently. Many species here are scavengers, living off of sea life that is washed up on the shore. Many land animals also make much use of the shore and intertidal habitats. A subgroup of organisms in this habitat bores and grinds exposed rock through the process of bioerosion.
Sandy shores[edit]
Sandy shores provide shifting homes to many species
See also: Beach
Sandy shores, also called beaches, are coastal shorelines where sand accumulates. Waves and currents shift the sand, continually building and eroding the shoreline. Longshore currents flow parallel to the beaches, making waves break obliquely on the sand. These currents transport large amounts of sand along coasts, forming spits, barrier islands and tombolos. Longshore currents also commonly create offshore bars, which give beaches some stability by reducing erosion.[28]
Sandy shores are full of life, The grains of sand host diatoms, bacteria and other microscopic creatures. Some fish and turtles return to certain beaches and spawn eggs in the sand. Birds habitat beaches, like gulls, loons, sandpipers, terns and pelicans. Aquatic mammals, such sea lions, recuperate on them. Clams, periwinkles, crabs, shrimp, starfish and sea urchins are found on most beaches.[29]
Sand is a sediment made from small grains or particles with diameters between about 60 µm and 2 mm.[30] Mud (see mudflats below) is a sediment made from particles finer than sand. This small particle size means that mud particles tend to stick together, whereas sand particles do not. Mud is not easily shifted by waves and currents, and when it dries out, cakes into a solid. By contrast, sand is easily shifted by waves and currents, and when sand dries out it can be blown in the wind, accumulating into shifting sand dunes. Beyond the high tide mark, if the beach is low-lying, the wind can form rolling hills of sand dunes. Small dunes shift and reshape under the influence of the wind while larger dunes stabilise the sand with vegetation.[28]
Ocean processes grade loose sediments to particle sizes other than sand, such as gravel or cobbles. Waves breaking on a beach can leave a berm, which is a raised ridge of coarser pebbles or sand, at the high tide mark. Shingle beaches are made of particles larger than sand, such as cobbles, or small stones. These beaches make poor habitats. Little life survives because the stones are churned and pounded together by waves and currents.[28]
Rocky shores[edit]
Tidepools on rocky shores make turbulent habitats for many forms of marine life
See also: Rocky shore and Tidal pool
The relative solidity of rocky shores seems to give them a permanence compared to the shifting nature of sandy shores. This apparent stability is not real over even quite short geological time scales, but it is real enough over the short life of an organism. In contrast to sandy shores, plants and animals can anchor themselves to the rocks.[31]
Competition can develop for the rocky spaces. For example, barnacles can compete successfully on open intertidal rock faces to the point where the rock surface is covered with them. Barnacles resist desiccation and grip well to exposed rock faces. However, in the crevices of the same rocks, the inhabitants are different. Here mussels can be the successful species, secured to the rock with their byssal threads.[31]
Rocky and sandy coasts are vulnerable because humans find them attractive and want to live near them. An increasing proportion of the humans live by the coast, putting pressure on coastal habitats.[31]
Mudflats[edit]
Mudflats become temporary habitats for migrating birds
See also: Bay mud
Mudflats are coastal wetlands that form when mud is deposited by tides or rivers. They are found in sheltered areas such as bays, bayous, lagoons, and estuaries. Mudflats may be viewed geologically as exposed layers of bay mud, resulting from deposition of estuarine silts, clays and marine animal detritus. Most of the sediment within a mudflat is within the intertidal zone, and thus the flat is submerged and exposed approximately twice daily.
Mudflats are typically important regions for wildlife, supporting a large population, although levels of biodiversity are not particularly high. They are of particular importance to migratory birds. In the United Kingdom mudflats have been classified as a Biodiversity Action Plan priority habitat.
Mangrove and salt marshes[edit]
Mangroves provide nurseries for fish
See also: Mangrove, Ecological values of mangrove, and Salt marsh
Mangrove swamps and salt marshes form important coastal habitats in tropical and temperate areas respectively.
Mangroves are species of shrubs and medium size trees that grow in saline coastal sediment habitats in the tropics and subtropics – mainly between latitudes 25° N and 25° S. The saline conditions tolerated by various species range from brackish water, through pure seawater (30 to 40 ppt), to water concentrated by evaporation to over twice the salinity of ocean seawater (up to 90 ppt).[32][33] There are many mangrove species, not all closely related. The term "mangrove" is used generally to cover all of these species, and it can be used narrowly to cover just mangrove trees of the genus Rhizophora.
Mangroves form a distinct characteristic saline woodland or shrubland habitat, called a mangrove swamp or mangrove forest'.[34] Mangrove swamps are found in depositional coastal environments, where fine sediments (often with high organic content) collect in areas protected from high-energy wave action. Mangroves dominate three quarters of tropical coastlines.[33]
Estuaries[edit]
Estuaries occur when rivers flow into a coastal bay or inlet. They are nutrient rich and have a transition zone which moves from freshwater to saltwater.
An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.[35] Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and ocean environments and are subject to both marine influences, such as tides, waves, and the influx of saline water; and riverine influences, such as flows of fresh water and sediment. The inflow of both seawater and freshwater provide high levels of nutrients in both the water column and sediment, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats in the world.[36]
Most estuaries were formed by the flooding of river-eroded or glacially scoured valleys when sea level began to rise about 10,000-12,000 years ago.[37] They are amongst the most heavily populated areas throughout the world, with about 60% of the world’s population living along estuaries and the coast. As a result, estuaries are suffering degradation by many factors, including sedimentation from soil erosion from deforestation; overgrazing and other poor farming practices; overfishing; drainage and filling of wetlands; eutrophication due to excessive nutrients from sewage and animal wastes; pollutants including heavy metals, PCBs, radionuclides and hydrocarbons from sewage inputs; and diking or damming for flood control or water diversion.[37]
Estuaries provide habitats for a large number of organisms and support very high productivity. Estuaries provide habitats for salmon and sea trout nurseries,[38] as well as migratory bird populations.[39] Two of the main characteristics of estuarine life are the variability in salinity and sedimentation. Many species of fish and invertebrates have various methods to control or conform to the shifts in salt concentrations and are termed osmoconformers and osmoregulators. Many animals also burrow to avoid predation and to live in the more stable sedimental environment. However, large numbers of bacteria are found within the sediment which have a very high oxygen demand. This reduces the levels of oxygen within the sediment often resulting in partially anoxic conditions, which can be further exacerbated by limited water flux. Phytoplankton are key primary producers in estuaries. They move with the water bodies and can be flushed in and out with the tides. Their productivity is largely dependent on the turbidity of the water. The main phytoplankton present are diatoms and dinoflagellates which are abundant in the sediment.
Kelp forests[edit]
Kelp forests provide habitat for many marine organisms
Kelp forests are underwater areas with a high density of kelp. They form some of the most productive and dynamic ecosystems on Earth.[40] Smaller areas of anchored kelp are called kelp beds. Kelp forests occur worldwide throughout temperate and polar coastal oceans.[40]
Kelp forests provide a unique three-dimensional habitat for marine organisms and are a source for understanding many ecological processes. Over the last century, they have been the focus of extensive research, particularly in trophic ecology, and continue to provoke important ideas that are relevant beyond this unique ecosystem. For example, kelp forests can influence coastal oceanographic patterns[41] and provide many ecosystem services.[42]
However, humans have contributed to kelp forest degradation. Of particular concern are the effects of overfishing nearshore ecosystems, which can release herbivores from their normal population regulation and result in the over-grazing of kelp and other algae.[43] This can rapidly result in transitions to barren landscapes where relatively few species persist.[44]
Frequently considered an ecosystem engineer, kelp provides a physical substrate and habitat for kelp forest communities.[45] In algae (Kingdom: Protista), the body of an individual organism is known as a thallus rather than as a plant (Kingdom: Plantae). The morphological structure of a kelp thallus is defined by three basic structural units:[44]
The holdfast is a root-like mass that anchors the thallus to the sea floor, though unlike true roots it is not responsible for absorbing and delivering nutrients to the rest of the thallus;
The stipe is analogous to a plant stalk, extending vertically from the holdfast and providing a support framework for other morphological features;
The fronds are leaf- or blade-like attachments extending from the stipe, sometimes along its full length, and are the sites of nutrient uptake and photosynthetic activity.
In addition, many kelp species have pneumatocysts, or gas-filled bladders, usually located at the base of fronds near the stipe. These structures provide the necessary buoyancy for kelp to maintain an upright position in the water column.
The environmental factors necessary for kelp to survive include hard substrate (usually rock), high nutrients (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus), and light (minimum annual irradiance dose > 50 E m−2[46]). Especially productive kelp forests tend to be associated with areas of significant oceanographic upwelling, a process that delivers cool nutrient-rich water from depth to the ocean’s mixed surface layer.[46] Water flow and turbulence facilitate nutrient assimilation across kelp fronds throughout the water column.[47] Water clarity affects the depth to which sufficient light can be transmitted. In ideal conditions, giant kelp (Macrocystis spp.) can grow as much as 30-60 centimetres vertically per day. Some species such as Nereocystis are annual while others like Eisenia are perennial, living for more than 20 years.[48] In perennial kelp forests, maximum growth rates occur during upwelling months (typically spring and summer) and die-backs correspond to reduced nutrient availability, shorter photoperiods and increased storm frequency.[44]
Seagrass meadows[edit]
White-spotted puffers like living in seagrass areas
Seagrasses are flowering plants from one of four plant families which grow in marine environments. They are called seagrasses because the leaves are long and narrow and are very often green, and because the plants often grow in large meadows which look like grassland. Since seagrasses photosynthesize and are submerged, they must grow submerged in the photic zone, where there is enough sunlight. For this reason, most occur in shallow and sheltered coastal waters anchored in sand or mud bottoms.
Seagrasses form extensive beds or meadows, which can be either monospecific (made up of one species) or multispecific (where more than one species co-exist). Seagrass beds make highly diverse and productive ecosystems. They are home to phyla such as juvenile and adult fish, epiphytic and free-living macroalgae and microalgae, mollusks, bristle worms, and nematodes. Few species were originally considered to feed directly on seagrass leaves (partly because of their low nutritional content), but scientific reviews and improved working methods have shown that seagrass herbivory is a highly important link in the food chain, with hundreds of species feeding on seagrasses worldwide, including green turtles, dugongs, manatees, fish, geese, swans, sea urchins and crabs.
Seagrasses are ecosystem engineers in the sense that they partly create their own habitat. The leaves slow down water-currents increasing sedimentation, and the seagrass roots and rhizomes stabilize the seabed. Their importance to associated species is mainly due to provision of shelter (through their three-dimensional structure in the water column), and due to their extraordinarily high rate of primary production. As a result, seagrasses provide coastal zones with ecosystem services, such as fishing grounds, wave protection, oxygen production and protection against coastal erosion. Seagrass meadows account for 15% of the ocean’s total carbon storage.[49]
Coral reefs[edit]
Main article: Coral reef
Reefs comprise some of the densest and most diverse habitats in the world. The best-known types of reefs are tropical coral reefs which exist in most tropical waters; however, reefs can also exist in cold water. Reefs are built up by corals and other calcium-depositing animals, usually on top of a rocky outcrop on the ocean floor. Reefs can also grow on other surfaces, which has made it possible to create artificial reefs. Coral reefs also support a huge community of life, including the corals themselves, their symbiotic zooxanthellae, tropical fish and many other organisms.
Much attention in marine biology is focused on coral reefs and the El Niño weather phenomenon. In 1998, coral reefs experienced the most severe mass bleaching events on record, when vast expanses of reefs across the world died because sea surface temperatures rose well above normal.[50][51] Some reefs are recovering, but scientists say that between 50% and 70% of the world's coral reefs are now endangered and predict that global warming could exacerbate this trend.[52][53][54][55]
Open ocean[edit]
Elevation-area graph showing the proportion of land area at given heights and the proportion of ocean area at given depths
See also: Pelagic fish
The open ocean is relatively unproductive because of a lack of nutrients, yet because it is so vast, it has more overall primary production than any other marine habitat. Only about 10 percent of marine species live in the open ocean. But among them are the largest and fastest of all marine animals, as well as the animals that dive the deepest and migrate the longest. In the depths lurk animal that, to our eyes, appear hugely alien.[56]
Surface waters[edit]
In the open ocean, sunlit surface epipelagic waters get enough light for photosynthesis, but there are often not enough nutrients. As a result, large areas contain little life apart from migrating animals.[57]
The surface waters are sunlit. The waters down to about 200 metres are said to be in the epipelagic zone. Enough sunlight enters the epipelagic zone to allow photosynthesis by phytoplankton. The epipelagic zone is usually low in nutrients. This partially because the organic debris produced in the zone, such as excrement and dead animals, sink to the depths and are lost to the upper zone. Photosynthesis can happen only if both sunlight and nutrients are present.[57]
In some places, like at the edge of continental shelves, nutrients can upwell from the ocean depth, or land runoff can be distributed by storms and ocean currents. In these areas, given that both sunlight and nutrients are now present, phytoplankton can rapidly establish itself, multiplying so fast that the water turns green from the chlorophyll, resulting in an algal bloom. These nutrient rich surface waters are among the most biologically productive in the world, supporting billions of tonnes of biomass.[57]
"Phytoplankton are eaten by zooplankton - small animals which, like phytoplankton, drift in the ocean currents. The most abundant zooplankton species are copepods and krill: tiny crustaceans that are the most numerous animals on Earth. Other types of zooplankton include jelly fish and the larvae of fish, marine worms, starfish, and other marine organisms".[57] In turn, the zooplankton are eaten by filter-feeding animals, including some seabirds, small forage fish like herrings and sardines, whale sharks, manta rays, and the largest animal in the world, the blue whale. Yet again, moving up the foodchain, the small forage fish are in turn eaten by larger predators, such as tuna, marlin, sharks, large squid, seabirds, dolphins, and toothed whales.[57]
Deep sea[edit]
Scale diagram of the layers of the pelagic zone
See also: Deep sea and Deep sea communities
The deep sea starts at the aphotic zone, the point where sunlight loses most of its energy in the water. Many life forms that live at these depths have the ability to create their own light a unique evolution known as bio-luminescence.[citation needed]
In the deep ocean, the waters extend far below the epipelagic zone, and support very different types of pelagic life forms adapted to living in these deeper zones.[58]
Much of the aphotic zone's energy is supplied by the open ocean in the form of detritus. In deep water, marine snow is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. Its origin lies in activities within the productive photic zone. Marine snow includes dead or dying plankton, protists (diatoms), fecal matter, sand, soot and other inorganic dust. The "snowflakes" grow over time and may reach several centimetres in diameter, travelling for weeks before reaching the ocean floor. However, most organic components of marine snow are consumed by microbes, zooplankton and other filter-feeding animals within the first 1,000 metres of their journey, that is, within the epipelagic zone. In this way marine snow may be considered the foundation of deep-sea mesopelagic and benthic ecosystems: As sunlight cannot reach them, deep-sea organisms rely heavily on marine snow as an energy source.[citation needed]
Some deep-sea pelagic groups, such as the lanternfish, ridgehead, marine hatchetfish, and lightfish families are sometimes termed pseudoceanic because, rather than having an even distribution in open water, they occur in significantly higher abundances around structural oases, notably seamounts and over continental slopes. The phenomenon is explained by the likewise abundance of prey species which are also attracted to the structures.[citation needed]
The umbrella mouth gulper eel can swallow a fish much larger than itself
The fish in the different pelagic and deep water benthic zones are physically structured, and behave in ways, that differ markedly from each other. Groups of coexisting species within each zone all seem to operate in similar ways, such as the small mesopelagic vertically migrating plankton-feeders, the bathypelagic anglerfishes, and the deep water benthic rattails. "[59]
Ray finned species, with spiny fins, are rare among deep sea fishes, which suggests that deep sea fish are ancient and so well adapted to their environment that invasions by more modern fishes have been unsuccessful.[60] The few ray fins that do exist are mainly in the Beryciformes and Lampriformes, which are also ancient forms. Most deep sea pelagic fishes belong to their own orders, suggesting a long evolution in deep sea environments. In contrast, deep water benthic species, are in orders that include many related shallow water fishes.[61]
The umbrella mouth gulper is a deep sea eel with an enormous loosely hinged mouth. It can open its mouth wide enough to swallow a fish much larger than itself, and then expand its stomach to accommodate its catch.[62]
Sea floor[edit]
Vents and seeps[edit]
Zooarium chimney provides a habitat for vent biota
Hydrothermal vents along the mid-ocean ridge spreading centers act as oases, as do their opposites, cold seeps. Such places support unique marine biomes and many new marine microorganisms and other lifeforms have been discovered at these locations.
Trenches[edit]
The deepest recorded oceanic trenches measure to date is the Mariana Trench, near the Philippines, in the Pacific Ocean at 10,924 m (35,838 ft). At such depths, water pressure is extreme and there is no sunlight, but some life still exists. A white flatfish, a shrimp and a jellyfish were seen by the American crew of the bathyscaphe Trieste when it dove to the bottom in 1960.[63]
Seamounts[edit]
Marine life also flourishes around seamounts that rise from the depths, where fish and other sea life congregate to spawn and feed.
Gallery[edit]
Deepsea mushroom corals growing on the chimney of an Explorer Ridge hydrothermal vent
Deep sea crab found on hydrothermal vents in the Philippine Sea
Deep sea anemone on Blake Ridge
Submerged wrecks create artificial reef habitat
Versatile rockfish can be found living in almost any habitat from rocky bottoms to sand and mud, and from vertical faces to horizontal plains.
Marine life within the kelp forest and rocky reef habitat
Monterey Bay, the largest marine sanctuary in the United States, is home to the world’s largest group of marine research institutions
The killer whale, apex predator of the ocean, cruises a huge range of different marine habitats
Laysan albatross chick in a contemporary modified habitat, surrounded by human marine debris
See also[edit]
Future of Marine Animal Populations
Maritime forest
Seashore wildlife
Underwater habitat
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Dickinson, C.I. 1963. British Seaweeds. The Kew Series
Jump up ^ Abercrombie, M., Hickman, C.J. and Johnson, M.L. 1966.A Dictionary of Biology. Penguin Reference Books, London
Jump up ^ The World's Oceans and Seas. Archived 2006-02-24 at the Wayback Machine. Encarta. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
Jump up ^ CIA Factbook: Pacific ocean.
Jump up ^ CIA Factbook: Atlantic ocean.
Jump up ^ CIA Factbook: Indian ocean.
Jump up ^ CIA Factbook: Southern ocean.
Jump up ^ CIA Factbook: Arctic ocean.
Jump up ^ Elert, Glenn Volume of Earth's Oceans. The Physics Factbook. Retrieved 19 April 2008.
Jump up ^ Rona, Peter A. (2003). "Resources of the Sea Floor". Science. 299 (5607): 673–674. doi:10.1126/science.1080679. PMID 12560541. Retrieved 2007-02-04.
Jump up ^ Ralph F. Keeling, Arne Kortzinger, Nicolas Gruber (2010). "Ocean Deoxygenation in a Warming World" (PDF). Annual Review of Marine Science. doi:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163855. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link)
^ Jump up to: a b c Ocean Habitats Marietta College. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Giovanni Coco,Z. Zhou,B. van Maanen,M. Olabarrieta,R. Tinoco,I. Townend. Morphodynamics of tidal networks: Advances and challenges. Marine Geology Journal. 1 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Sandwell, D. T.; Smith, W. H. F. (2006-07-07). "Exploring the Ocean Basins with Satellite Altimeter Data". NOAA/NGDC. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
Jump up ^ Charette, Matthew A.; Smith, Walter H. F. (June 2010). "The Volume of Earth's Ocean" (PDF). Oceanography. 23 (2): 112–114. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2010.51. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-13. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ricklefs, Robert E.; Miller, Gary Leon (2000). Ecology (4th ed.). Macmillan. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-7167-2829-0.
Jump up ^ Spalding, Mark, Corinna Ravilious, and Edmund Green. 2001. World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press and UNEP/WCMC.
Jump up ^ Park, Chris C. (2001). The environment: principles and applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 564. ISBN 978-0-415-21770-5.
Jump up ^ Davidson (2002), p.421.
Jump up ^ Easterbrook (1999).
Jump up ^ Garrison T (2007) Oceanography: an invitation to marine science Cengage Learning, Page 343. ISBN 978-0-495-11286-0
^ Jump up to: a b Shepard FP (1937) Revised "Classification of Marine Shorelines" The Journal of Geology, 45(6): 602–624.
^ Jump up to: a b c Habitats: Beaches - Coasts Archived 2011-04-26 at the Wayback Machine. Office of Naval Research. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Continental shelf areas Archived 2008-12-02 at the Wayback Machine. Earth trends. Retrieved 25 February 2010.
Jump up ^ World The World Factbook, CIA. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
Jump up ^ Moyle and Cech, 2004, page 572
Jump up ^ Hatcher, B.G. Johannes, R.E., and Robertson, A.J. (1989). "Conservation of Shallow-water Marine Ecosystems". Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. 27. Routledge. p. 320. ISBN 0-08-037718-1. Retrieved 2008-11-21. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Jump up to: a b c Habitats: Beaches - Characteristics Archived 2011-05-26 at the Wayback Machine. Office of Naval Research. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Habitats: Beaches - Animal & Plant Life Archived 2011-05-26 at the Wayback Machine. Office of Naval Research. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Wentworth CK (1922) "A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments" J. Geology, 30: 377–392.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tour of Rocky Shoreline Habitats Marietta College. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Mangal (Mangrove). World Vegetation. Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden, University of California at Los Angeles Archived 2012-02-09 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b Morphological and Physiological Adaptations: Florida mangrove website Archived 2012-02-04 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Hogarth, Peter J. (1999) The Biology of Mangroves Oxford University Press, Oxford, England, What page? ISBN 0-19-850222-2
Jump up ^ Pritchard, D. W. (1967) What is an estuary: physical viewpoint. p. 3–5 in: G. H. Lauf (ed.) Estuaries, A.A.A.S. Publ. No. 83, Washington, D.C.
Jump up ^ McLusky, D.S. and Elliott, M. (2004) "The Estuarine Ecosystem: ecology, threats and management." New York: Oxford University Press Inc. ISBN 0-19-852508-7
^ Jump up to: a b Wolanski, E. (2007) "Estuarine Ecohydrology." Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-53066-0
Jump up ^ Bronwyn M. Gillanders, Evidence of connectivity between juvenile and adult habitats for mobile marine fauna: an important component of nurseries. 2003. Marine Ecology Progress Series
Jump up ^ Jennifer A. Gill, The buffer effect and large-scale population regulation in migratory birds. 2001. Nature 412, 436-438
^ Jump up to: a b Mann, K.H. 1973. Seaweeds: their productivity and strategy for growth. Science 182: 975-981.
Jump up ^ Jackson, G.A. and C.D. Winant. 1983. Effect of a kelp forest on coastal currents. Continental Shelf Report 2: 75-80.
Jump up ^ Steneck, R.S., M.H. Graham, B.J. Bourque, D. Corbett, J.M. Erlandson, J.A. Estes and M.J. Tegner. 2002. Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future. Environmental Conservation 29: 436-459.
Jump up ^ Sala, E., C.F. Bourdouresque and M. Harmelin-Vivien. 1998. Fishing, trophic cascades, and the structure of algal assemblages: evaluation of an old but untested paradigm. Oikos 82: 425-439.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dayton, P.K. 1985a. Ecology of kelp communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16: 215-245.
Jump up ^ Jones, C.G., J. H. Lawton and M. Shachak. 1997. Positive and negative effects of organisms as physical ecosystem engineers. Ecology 78: 1946-1957.
^ Jump up to: a b Druehl, L.D. 1981. The distribution of Laminariales in the North Pacific with reference to environmental influences. Proceedings of the International Congress on Systematic Evolution and Biology 2: 248-256.
Jump up ^ Wheeler, W.N. 1980. Effect of boundary layer transport on the fixation of carbon by the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera. Marine Biology 56: 103-110.
Jump up ^ Steneck, R.S. and M.N. Dethier. 1994. A functional group approach to the structure of algal-dominated communities. Oikos 69: 476-498.
Jump up ^ Laffoley, Dan (December 26, 2009). "To Save the Planet, Save the Seas". The New York Times. Retrieved December 2009. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
Jump up ^ NOAA (1998) Record-breaking coral bleaching occurred in tropics this year. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Press release (October 23, 1998).
Jump up ^ ICRS (1998) Statement on Global Coral Bleaching in 1997-1998. International Coral Reef Society, October 15, 1998.
Jump up ^ Bryant, D., Burke, L., McManus, J., et al. (1998) "Reefs at risk: a map-based indicator of threats to the world's coral reefs". World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C.
Jump up ^ Goreau, T. J. (1992) "Bleaching and Reef Community Change in Jamaica: 1951 - 1991". Am. Zool. 32: 683-695.
Jump up ^ Sebens, K. P. (1994) "Biodiversity of Coral Reefs: What are We Losing and Why?" Am. Zool., 34: 115-133
Jump up ^ Wilkinson, C. R., and Buddemeier, R. W. (1994) "Global Climate Change and Coral Reefs:Implications for People and Reefs". Report of the UNEP-IOC-ASPEI-IUCN Global Task Team on the Implications of Climate Change on Coral Reefs. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Jump up ^ Blue Planet: Open ocean WWF'. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ocean ecology: sunlit surface waters WWF'. Retrieved 17 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Moyle and Cech, 2004, page 585
Jump up ^ Moyle and Cech, 2004, p. 591
Jump up ^ Haedrich RL (1996) "Deep-water fishes: evolution and adaptation in the earth's largest living spaces" Journal of Fish Biology 49(sA):40-53.
Jump up ^ Moyle and Cech, 2004, page 586
Jump up ^ McCosker, John E. (1998). Paxton, J.R.W.N., ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 90. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
Jump up ^ Seven Miles Down: The Story of The Bathyscaph Trieste. Archived 2007-02-02 at the Wayback Machine., Rolex Deep Sea Special, January 2006.
References[edit]
Kritzer JP and Sale PF (2006) Marine metapopulations Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-088781-1.
Moyle, PB and Cech, JJ (2004) Fishes, An Introduction to Ichthyology. 5th Ed, Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-13-100847-2
Nybakken JW and Bertness MD (2005) Marine biology: an ecological approach Sixth edition, Pearson/Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-8053-4582-7 – organized by habitat, not classification
Pidwirny, Michael (2006). "Fundamentals of Physical Geography (2nd Edition)". PhysicalGeography.net. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
External links[edit]
Missouri Botanical Garden: Marine ecosystems
[show]
v
t
e
Aquatic ecosystem topics
[show]
Aquatic ecosystems – general and freshwater components
General
Acoustic ecology
Adaptation
Agent-based models
Algal bloom
Anoxic waters
Aquatic animals (Insects
Mammals)
Aquatic plants
Aquatic science
Benthos
Biodiversity research
Bioluminescence
Biomass
Biomonitoring
Cascade effect
Colored dissolved organic matter
Camouflage and mimicry
Dead zone
Ecohydrology
Ecosystems
Eutrophication
Fisheries science
Food chain
Food web
GIS and aquatic science
Hydrobiology
Hypoxia
Isotope analysis
Microbial ecology
Microbial food web
Microbial loop
Nekton
Neuston
Particle
Pelagic zone
Photic zone
Phytoplankton
Plankton
Pleuston
Predation
Productivity
Ramsar Convention
Respiration
Schooling
Sediment trap
Siltation
Spawning
Substrate
Thermal pollution
Toxicology
Trophic level
Water column
Zooplankton
More...
Freshwater
Biology
Biomes
Ecosystems
freshwater
lake
river
Fish
Hyporheic zone
Limnology
Lake stratification
Macrophyte
Pond
Fish pond
Rheotaxis
Stream bed
Stream pool
Trophic state index
Upland and lowland
Water garden
Wetland
brackish marsh
freshwater marsh
swamp
bog
fen
Environmental quality
More...
Ecoregions
Freshwater (List)
Marine (List)
The Everglades
Maharashtra
The North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
The San Francisco Estuary
[hide]
Aquatic ecosystems – marine components
Marine
Marine biology
Marine chemistry
Deep scattering layer
Diel vertical migration
Ecosystems
large marine
marine)
f-ratio
Iron fertilization
Marine snow
Ocean nourishment
Oceanic physical-biological process
Ocean turbidity
Photophore
Thorson's rule
Upwelling
Whale fall
More...
Marine
life
Bacteriophages
Census
Fish
coastal
coral reef
deep sea
demersal
pelagic
Deep sea communities
Deep sea creature
Deep-water coral
Invertebrates
Larvae
Mammals
Marine life
Microorganisms
Paradox of the plankton
Reptiles
Seabirds
Seashore wildlife
Vertebrates
Wild fisheries
Marine
habitats
Bay mud
Coastal biogeomorphology
Cold seeps
Coral reefs
Davidson Seamount
Estuaries
Intertidal ecology
Intertidal wetlands
Kelp forests
Hydrothermal vents
Lagoons
Mangroves
Marine biomes
Marine habitats
Mudflats
Rocky shores
Salt marshes
Salt pannes and pools
Seagrass meadows
Sponge grounds
Sponge reefs
Tide pools
Issues
Ecological values of mangroves
Fisheries and climate change
HERMIONE
Marine conservation
Marine conservation activism
Marine pollution
Marine Protected Area
[show]
Fisheries science and wild fisheries
Fisheries science
Population dynamics of fisheries
Shifting baseline
Fish stock
Fish mortality
Condition index
Stock assessment
Fish measurement
Standard weight in fish
Fish counter
Data storage tag
Catch per unit effort
Otolith microchemical analysis
Biomass
Fisheries acoustics
Acoustic tag
Coded wire tag
GIS and aquatic science
Pop-up satellite archival tag
EcoSCOPE
Age class structure
Trophic level
Trophic cascades
Match/mismatch hypothesis
Fisheries and climate change
Marine biology
Aquatic ecosystems
Bioeconomics
EconMult
Ecopath
FishBase
Census of Marine Life
OSTM
Fisheries databases
Institutes
Fisheries scientists
Wild fisheries
Ocean fisheries
Diversity of fish
Coastal fish
Coral reef fish
Demersal fish
Forage fish
Pelagic fish
Cod fisheries
Crab fisheries
Eel fisheries
Krill fisheries
Kelp fisheries
Lobster fisheries
Shrimp fishery
Eel ladder
Fish ladder
Fish screen
Migration
Salmon run
Sardine run
Shoaling and schooling
Marine habitats
Marine snow
Water column
Upwelling
Humboldt current
Algal blooms
Dead zones
Fish kill
[show]
Fisheries management, sustainability and conservation
Management
Fisheries management
Fisheries law
Monitoring control and surveillance
Vessel monitoring system
Fishery Resources Monitoring System
Catch reporting
Fisheries observer
Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
Magnuson–Stevens Act
Pulse fishing
Fisheries organizations
Quotas
Catch share
Individual fishing quota
Minimum landing size
Slot limit
Bycatch
Discards
Incidental catch
Cetacean bycatch
Turtle excluder device
Shrimp-Turtle case
EU quotas
EU MLS
Exclusive economic zone
Sustainability
Sustainable fisheries
Maximum sustainable yield
List of harvested aquatic animals by weight
Sustainable seafood
Overfishing
Environmental effects of fishing
Fishing down the food web
Destructive fishing practices
Future of Marine Animal Populations
The Sunken Billions
The End of the Line
Conservation
Marine Protected Area
Marine reserve
Marine conservation
Marine conservation activism
Salmon conservation
Grey nurse shark conservation
Shark sanctuary
Organisations
The Black Fish
Marine Stewardship Council
Aquaculture Stewardship Council
Friend of the Sea
SeaChoice
Seafood Watch
Ocean Conservancy
Ocean Outcomes
Oceana
Sea Around Us Project
WorldFish Center
Defying Ocean's End
HERMIONE
PROFISH
International Seafood Sustainability Foundation
Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
Greenpeace
Related issues
CalCOFI
Fish slaughter
Marine pollution
Mercury in fish
Shark finning
Threatened sharks
Threatened rays
List of fishing topics by subject
Index of fishing articles
Fisheries glossary
[show]
v
t
e
Marine pollution
Algal bloom
Anoxic event
Anoxic waters
Aquatic toxicology
Cultural eutrophication
Cyanotoxin
Dead zone
Environmental impact of shipping
Eutrophication
Fish diseases and parasites
Fish kill
Friendly Floatees
Great Pacific garbage patch
Hypoxia
Indian Ocean garbage patch
Invasive species
Marine debris
Mercury in fish
Nonpoint source pollution
North Atlantic garbage patch
Nutrient pollution
Ocean acidification
Ocean deoxygenation
Oil spill
Particle
Plastic particle water pollution
Point source pollution
Shutdown of thermohaline circulation
Stormwater
Surface runoff
Upwelling
Urban runoff
Water pollution
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marine_habitats&oldid=803346614"
Categories:
Marine biology
Habitats
Aquatic ecology
Biological oceanography
Fisheries science
Oceanographical terminology
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter
CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list
CS1 errors: dates
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Bahasa Melayu
Tiếng Việt
Edit links
This page was last edited on 1 October 2017, at 23:33.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values: border-left: 20px solid powderblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid lightblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid skyblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid deepskyblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid dodgerblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid royalblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid mediumblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid darkblue; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid indigo; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid navy; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid gray; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: border-left: 20px solid tan; line-height: 18px; padding-left: 0.7em

values: float:right;clear:right;width:auto;max-width:22em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values:
/wiki/Ocean_currents
mw-redirect
Ocean currents

values:
/wiki/Land_runoff
mw-redirect
Land runoff

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Marine_invertebrate
mw-redirect
Marine invertebrate

values:
/wiki/Algae_bloom
mw-redirect
Algae bloom

values:
/wiki/Coriolis_effect
mw-redirect
Coriolis effect

values:
/wiki/Marine_biomass
mw-redirect
Marine biomass

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Drowned_river_valley
mw-redirect
Drowned river valley

values: float: right; clear: right; margin: 0.5em 0 0.8em 1.4em; width:160px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid #aaa; font-size: 88%; background-color: #F9F9F9; position: relative; text-align: left;

values:
/wiki/Francis_Shepard
mw-redirect
Francis Shepard

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #03FCDE; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column

values:
/wiki/Epipelagic_zone
mw-redirect
Epipelagic zone

values:
/wiki/Predator_fish
mw-redirect
Predator fish

values:
/wiki/Longshore_current
mw-redirect
Longshore current

values:
/wiki/Offshore_bar
mw-redirect
Offshore bar

values:
/wiki/Particle_size_(grain_size)
mw-redirect
Particle size (grain size)

values:
/wiki/Migratory_bird
mw-redirect
Migratory bird

values:
/wiki/Biodiversity_Action_Plan
mw-redirect
Biodiversity Action Plan

values:
/wiki/Ecological_values_of_mangrove
mw-redirect
Ecological values of mangrove

values:
/wiki/Polar_region
mw-redirect
Polar region

values:
/wiki/Trophic_dynamics
mw-redirect
Trophic dynamics

values:
/wiki/Bristle_worm
mw-redirect
Bristle worm

values:
/wiki/Green_turtle
mw-redirect
Green turtle

values:
/wiki/Fishing_ground
mw-redirect
Fishing ground

values:
/wiki/Filter_feeding
mw-redirect
Filter feeding

values:
/wiki/Deep_sea_communities
mw-redirect
Deep sea communities

values:
/wiki/Continental_slope
mw-redirect
Continental slope

values:
/wiki/Marine_biome
mw-redirect
Marine biome

values:
/wiki/Water_pressure
mw-redirect
Water pressure

values:
/wiki/Mushroom_coral
mw-redirect
Mushroom coral

values:
/wiki/Blake_Ridge
mw-redirect
Blake Ridge

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1080679

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12560541

values: Category:CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.5670%2Foceanog.2010.51

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/30056777

values: Category:CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/pss/30063207

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nhmi.org/mangroves/phy.htm

values: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.mbgnet.net/salt/
external text

values:
/wiki/Aquatic_predation
mw-redirect
Aquatic predation

values:
navbox-image
3
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Freshwater_biome
mw-redirect
Freshwater biome

values: Freshwater environmental quality parameters

values: Ecosystem of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values:
navbox-image
4
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Marine_biomes
mw-redirect
Marine biomes

values: Hotspot Ecosystem Research and Man's Impact On European Seas

values: nowraplinks collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Fisheries and aquaculture research institutes

values: Great Barracuda off the Netherland Antilles.jpg

values:
navbox-image
2
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Sustainable_fisheries
mw-redirect
Sustainable fisheries

values: Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing

values: Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act

values:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: List of harvested aquatic animals by weight

values:
/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_fishing
mw-redirect
Environmental effects of fishing

values: The End of the Line: How Overfishing Is Changing the World and What We Eat

values:
/wiki/Marine_Protected_Area
mw-redirect
Marine Protected Area

values:
/wiki/Sea_Around_Us_Project
mw-redirect
Sea Around Us Project

values:
/wiki/WorldFish_Center
mw-redirect
WorldFish Center

values: International Seafood Sustainability Foundation

values:
/wiki/List_of_fishing_topics_by_subject
mw-redirect
List of fishing topics by subject

values:
/wiki/Glossary_of_fisheries
mw-redirect
Glossary of fisheries

values:
/wiki/Fish_diseases_and_parasites
mw-redirect
Fish diseases and parasites

values:
/wiki/Plastic_particle_water_pollution
mw-redirect
Plastic particle water pollution

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Marine_habitats
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: موائل بحرية – Arabic

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Marine_habitats rootpage-Marine_habitats skin-vector action-view


text:
Love Me or Leave Me (Donaldson and Kahn song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Donaldson and Kahn song. For the song by Kerli, see Love Me or Leave Me (Kerli song).
"Love Me or Leave Me"
Song by Ruth Etting
Released
1928 (1928)
Genre
Vaudeville
Length
3:23
Songwriter(s)
Walter Donaldson, Gus Kahn
"Love Me or Leave Me" is a popular song written in 1928 by Walter Donaldson with lyrics by Gus Kahn. The song was introduced in the Broadway play Whoopee!, which opened in December 1928.[1] Ruth Etting's performance of the song was so popular that she was also given the song to sing in the play Simple Simon, which opened in February 1930.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Recorded versions
1.1 Major recorded versions
1.2 Other recorded versions
2 References
Recorded versions[edit]
Major recorded versions[edit]
"Love Me or Leave Me"
1928 recording featuring Ruth Etting
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The original version of the song, the biggest-selling at the time, was recorded by Ruth Etting on December 17, 1928. It was issued by Columbia Records as catalog number 1680-D,[1] with the flip side "I'm Bringing a Red, Red Rose", another Donaldson/Kahn composition.[2] The song reached #2 on the charts in 1929.
Other versions which also enjoyed popularity at this time[1] were by Guy Lombardo's Royal Canadians, with a vocal by Carmen Lombardo (recorded March 20, 1929, released by Columbia Records as catalog number 1782D, with the flip side "I'm Still Caring"[2]) and by Leo Reisman and his orchestra (recorded April 22, 1929, released by Victor Records as catalog number 21966A, with the flip side "Sweet Chewaulka, Land of Sleepy Water"[3]).
A recording made on December 24, 1947 by Bing Crosby and John Scott Trotter's orchestra[4] was released in 1951 by Decca Records as catalog number 27667.[5]
As the song was considered to be one of Etting's biggest hits, its title was chosen for the 1955 biographical movie about her life, in which Doris Day played Etting. Day's recording of the song, from the soundtrack, became a major hit for her. The same year, Sammy Davis Jr. and Lena Horne also experienced success with their versions of the song.
Davis's version was released by Decca Records as catalog number 29484, with the flip side "Something's Gotta Give".[6] It first reached the Billboard magazine charts on May 28, 1955 and lasted 12 weeks on the chart. On the Disk Jockey chart, it peaked at #20; on the Best Seller chart, at #12.[7] (However, another source[8] gives the highest position as #9, but lists this as a position for the combined two sides of the record, "Love Me or Leave Me" and "Something's Gotta Give.")
Horne's was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-6073.[9] It reached the Billboard magazine Disk Jockey chart on July 9, 1955, its only week on the chart, at #19.[7] In the United Kingdom, it was released 1955 by HMV Records as catalog number B-309 (78rpm) and 7M-309 (45rpm),.[10] Both releases were with the flip side "I Love To Love".[9][10]
Singer/pianist/songwriter Nina Simone also recorded the song on her debut album Little Girl Blue (1958) and Let It All Out (1966). The version was released as a single in 1959 by Bethlehem Records as catalog number 11021 and by Australian Parlophone Records as catalog number A-8008, with the flip side "I Loves You Porgy".[11] It also shows Simone's seldom-heard side as a Classical pianist when she played a solo in the style of J.S. Bach's Inventions in the middle of the song.
Ella Fitzgerald included her rendition on her 1962 Verve release Ella Swings Brightly with Nelson which won a Grammy Award in 1963.
Other recorded versions[edit]
The Badgers (released by Broadway Records as catalog number 1285, with the flip side "Rainbow Man"[12])
Earl Burtnett's Biltmore Trio (recorded April 1, 1929, released by Brunswick Records as catalog number 4336, with the flip side "A Garden in the Rain"[13])
Chick Endor with Leonard Joy (recorded March 20, 1929, released by Victor Records as catalog number 21922, with the flip side "Good Little, Bad Little You"[3])
Sammy Fain (recorded February 6, 1929, released by Harmony Records as catalog number 843-H, with the flip side "Wedding Bells"[14])
Virginia Lee (recorded February 16, 1929, released by Gennett Records as catalog number 6773, with the flip side "That's the Good Old Sunny South"[15])
Majestic Dance Orchestra (H. Salter, leader) (vocal: A. Lawrence; recorded April 1929, released by Pathé Records as catalog number 36978[16] and by Perfect Records as catalog number 15159,[17] both with the flip side "I'm Just a Vagabond Lover"[16][17])
Bob Haring and his orchestra (recorded April 15, 1929, released by Brunswick Records as catalog number 4342, with the flip side "My Sin"[13])
Jimmie Noone's Apex Club Orchestra (recorded April 27, 1929, released by Supertone Records as catalog number 2254[18] and by Vocalion Records as catalog number 1272,[19] both with the flip side "Wake Up, Chill'un, Wake Up"[18][19])
John Vincent's Californians (recorded June 3, 1929, released by Conqueror Records as catalog number 7369, with the flip side "Ol' Man River"[20])
Lee Sims (piano solo; recorded June 1929, released by Brunswick Records as catalog number 4422, with the flip side "Lover, Come Back to Me!"[13])
Sam Lanin's Dance Orchestra (recorded June 3, 1929, released by Banner Records as catalog number 6410, with the flip side "Sure Enough Blues",[21] and by Domino Records as catalog number 4350[22] and Regal Records as catalog number 8805,[23] both with the flip side "Ol' Man River";[22][23] also released under the name Miami Society Orchestra by Oriole Records as catalog number 1604, with the flip side "Not for a Day but Forever"[24] and by Jewel Records as catalog number 5628, with the flip side "Sure Enough Blues";[25] also released under the name Mills Merry Makers by Lincoln Records as catalog number 3168[26] and by Romeo Records as catalog number 943,[27] both with the flip side "I'm Lonely Since You Went Away"[26][27])
Thomas "Fats" Waller (piano solo; recorded August 2, 1929, released by Bluebird Records as catalog number 10263, with the flip side "Valentine Stomp"[28] and by Victor Records as catalog number 22092, with the flip side "I've Got a Feeling I'm Falling"[29])
Benny Goodman and his orchestra (recorded December 18, 1933, released by Columbia Records as catalog number 2871-D, with the flip side "Why Couldn't It Be Poor Little Me?";[30] re-recorded August 21, 1936, released by Victor Records as catalog number 25406, with the flip side "Exactly Like You"[31])
Bill Staffon and his orchestra (recorded August 1, 1935, released by Bluebird Records as catalog number 6082, with the flip side "White Star of Sigma Nu"[32])
Dixieland Swingsters (recorded August 2, 1937, released by Bluebird Records as catalog number 7160, with the flip side "Fiddleobia"[33])
Edgar Hayes Quintet (recorded September 7, 1937, released by Decca Records as catalog number 1444, with the flip side "So Rare"[34])
Teddy Grace (recorded September 1, 1938, released by Decca Records as catalog number 2050B, with the flip side "Crazy Blues"[35])
Billie Holiday (recorded August 7, 1941, released by OKeh Records as catalog number 6369, with the flip side "Jim"[36])
Henry Levin's Dixieland Octet (recorded August 11, 1941, released by Bluebird Records as catalog number 11278, with the flip side "All Alone"[37])
Eddie Heywood and his orchestra (recorded February 26, 1944, released by Commodore Records as catalog numbers 577A and 7524, both with the flip side "I Can't Believe that You're in Love with Me"[38])
Frances Langford with Earle Hogen (recorded June 1946, released by Mercury Records as catalog number 3029B, with the flip side "That Wonderful Worrisome Feeling"[39])
Mel and Stan (recorded September 1947, released by Majestic Records as catalog number 11030, with the flip side "Mother's Only Sleeping"[40])
Hazel Scott (recorded October 1947, released by Columbia Records as catalog number 37996, with the flip side "Soon"[41])
Pat Flowers (released by RCA Victor Records as catalog number 20-2930, with the flip side "Shoe Shine Shuffle"[42])
Ted Weems and his orchestra (vocal: Snooky Lanson; recorded March 1949, released by Mercury Records as catalog number 5305, with the flip side "Sleepy Hollow"[43])
Anita O'Day (recorded January 31, 1951, released by Verve)
Jimmie Osborne (released in 1951 by King Records as catalog number 1012, with the flip side "It's Me Who Has To Suffer"[44])
Erroll Garner (piano solo; recorded February 29, 1952, released by Columbia Records as catalog number 39749, with the flip side "With Every Breath I Take"[45])
Ella Mae Morse (released by Capitol Records in 1952 as catalog number 1922, with the flip side "Blacksmith Blues"[46])
Gerry Mulligan recorded a version with Chet Baker in 1953 released by Pacific Jazz
Peggy Lee recorded a version on her album Black Coffee (1953).
Cal Tjader (recorded October 21, 1953, released by Savoy Records as catalog number 1117, with the flip side "Tangerine"[47])
Bing Crosby recorded the song in 1955[48] for use on his radio show and it was subsequently included in the box set The Bing Crosby CBS Radio Recordings (1954-56) issued by Mosaic Records (catalog MD7-245) in 2009.[49]
Les Elgart and his orchestra (released by Columbia Records as catalog number 40525, with the flip side "When Yuba Plays the Rhumba on the Tuba"[50])
Billy Eckstine (released in 1955 by MGM Records as catalog number 11984, with the flip side "Only You"[51])
Lester Young - recorded January 13, 1956, with Teddy Wilson, and released by Verve Records in 1959 on Pres and Teddy.
Perry Como (released by RCA Victor Records in 1957 as catalog number 20-2662, with the flip side "What'll I Do?"[42])
Miles Davis (released on his 1957 album Walkin')
Sarah Vaughan with Ted Dale Orchestra (released by Musicraft Records as catalog number 539, with the flip side "Gentleman Friend"[52])
The Youth (released 1969 by Deram Records (United Kingdom) as catalog number 226, with the flip side "Meadow of My Love "[53]
Chuck Penny (released by Tops in Music Records in 1972 as catalog number 109, with the flip side "Gimme, Gimme All the Time"[54]
Elkie Brooks (released 1984 on Screen Gems)
In 1986 Australian recording artist Kate Ceberano recorded a version for her album Kate Ceberano and her Septet.
Der Herr Kam Über Sie - Love Me Or Leave Me (7") (1986)[55]
Robert Palmer - "Ridin' High" (1992)
Bryan Ferry (released on As Time Goes By October 25, 1999)
June Christy - A Friendly Session, Vol. 3 (2000) with the Johnny Guarnieri Quintet
Sue Raney - Sue Raney Vol.2 (2004)
Jane Monheit recorded a version on her 2004 album Taking a Chance on Love.
Olivia Newton-John
Johnny Dankworth - Too Cool For The Blues (2010)
Rod Stewart - Fly Me To The Moon ... The Great American Songbook - Volume V (2010)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gardner, Edward Foote (2000). Popular Songs of the 20th Century: Chart Detail & Encyclopedia, 1900-1949. St. Paul, Minnesota: Paragon House. ISBN 1-55778-789-1.
^ Jump up to: a b "COLUMBIA D-suffix 78rpm numerical listing discography: 1500-D to 1999-D". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "VICTOR 78rpm numerical listing discography: 21500 - 22000". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "DECCA (USA) numerical listing discography: 27500 - 27999". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "DECCA (USA) numerical listing discography: 29000 - 29500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Whitburn, Joel (2000-11-01). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits (7th Rev. ed.). New York: Watson-Guptill Publications. ISBN 978-0-8230-7690-1.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1973). Top Pop Records 1940-1955. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research.
^ Jump up to: a b "RCA Victor 78rpm numerical listing discography: 20-6000 - 6500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Productions, Global Dog. "45 Discography for HMV Records - UK - 7M series". Globaldogproductions.info. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Productions, Global Dog. "45 Discography for Parlophone Records - OZ". Globaldogproductions.info. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "BROADWAY (1920s) 1000 series 78rpm numerical listing discography". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "BRUNSWICK 78rpm numerical listing discography: 4000 - 4500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "HARMONY/Velvet Tone/Diva 78rpm numerical listing discography: 500-H to 999-H". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gennett Records in the 6500 to 6999 series". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "PATHE (USA) 78rpm numerical listing discography: 36500 - 37100". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "PERFECT RECORDS 78rpm numerical listing discography: 15000 - 15500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Supertone for Sears 2000 series (numerical listing discography)". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Vocalion 78rpm numerical listing discography: 1000 - 1499 race series". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Conqueror 78rpm numerical listing discography: 7000 - 7499". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "BANNER (1920s) 78rpm numerical listing discography - 6000 series". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "DOMINO 4000-4500 78rpm numerical listing discography". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "REGAL (USA) 78rpm numerical listing discography: 8500 - 9000". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "ORIOLE 78rpm numerical listing discography: 1500 - 2000". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "JEWEL 5500-6000 78rpm numerical listing discography". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "LINCOLN 3000-series 78rpm numerical listing discography". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "ROMEO 78rpm numerical listing discography: 500 - 999". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "BLUEBIRD 78rpm numerical listing discography: 10000 - 10500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "VICTOR 78rpm numerical listing discography: 22000 - 22500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "COLUMBIA 78rpm numerical listing discography: 2500-D to 3000-D". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "VICTOR 78rpm Numerical Listing Discography: 25000 - 25500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "BLUEBIRD 78rpm numerical listing discography: B6000 - B6500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "BLUEBIRD 78rpm numerical listing discography: 7000 - 7500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "DECCA (USA) numerical listing discography: 1000 - 1500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "DECCA (USA) 78rpm numerical listing discography: 2000 - 2500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "OKeh (by CBS) 78rpm numerical listing discography: 6000 - 6500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "BLUEBIRD records 78rpm numerical listing discography: 11000 - 11500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Commodore, Commodore Music Shop - 78rpm numerical listing discography". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "MERCURY 3000-series 78rpm numerical listing discography". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "MAJESTIC 78rpm numerical listing discography". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "COLUMBIA 78rpm numerical listing discography: 37500 - 38000". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "RCA Victor 20-prefix 78rpm numerical listing discography: 2500 - 3000". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "MERCURY 78rpm numerical listing discography: 5000 - 5500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "KING 78rpm numerical listing discography: 1000 - 1500". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "COLUMBIA RECORDS (USA), 78rpm numerical listing discography 39500 - 40000". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Capitol Records in the 1500 to 1999 series". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Savoy Records in the 1100 to 1199 series Archived 2010-01-11 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "allmusic.com". allmusic.com. Retrieved December 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "COLUMBIA Records (USA) 78rpm numerical listing discography: 40500 - 41000". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "MGM records 78rpm numerical listing discography: 11500 - 12000". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Musicraft 78rpm numerical listing discography - 200 through 600". 78discography.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Productions, Global Dog. "45 Discography for Deram Records - UK". Globaldogproductions.info. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tops in Music Records listing". Globaldogproductions.info. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Der Herr Kam Über Sie – Love Me Or Leave Me". Discogs.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
[show]
v
t
e
Ruth Etting
Singles
"Thinking of You"
"'Deed I Do"
"It All Depends on You"
"Back in Your Own Back Yard"
"Ramona"
"Happy Days and Lonely Nights"
"Sonny Boy"
"Love Me or Leave Me"
"You're the Cream in My Coffee"
"Glad Rag Doll"
"Mean to Me"
"Button Up Your Overcoat"
"Ain't Misbehavin'"
"More Than You Know"
"Ten Cents a Dance"
"Exactly Like You"
"Body and Soul"
"Reaching for the Moon"
"Guilty"
"Good Night, Sweetheart"
"Try a Little Tenderness"
"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"
"In the Chapel in the Moonlight"
Related articles
Martin "Moe" Snyder
Ziegfeld Follies
Love Me or Leave Me
Book:Ruth Etting
[show]
v
t
e
Sammy Davis Jr.
Discography
Studio albums
Decca
Starring Sammy Davis Jr.
Just for Lovers
Here's Lookin' at You
Sammy Swings
It's All Over but the Swingin'
Boy Meets Girl
Mood to Be Wooed
All the Way... and Then Some!
I Gotta Right to Swing
Reprise
The Wham of Sam
Sammy Davis Jr. Belts the Best of Broadway
The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular
What Kind of Fool Am I and Other Show-Stoppers
As Long as She Needs Me
Sammy Davis Jr. Salutes the Stars of the London Palladium
The Shelter of Your Arms
Sammy Davis Jr. Sings Mel Tormé's "California Suite"
Sammy Davis Jr. Sings the Big Ones for Young Lovers
When the Feeling Hits You!
If I Ruled the World
The Nat King Cole Songbook
Sammy's Back on Broadway
The Sammy Davis Jr. Show
Sammy Davis Jr. Sings and Laurindo Almeida Plays
Sammy Davis Jr. Sings the Complete 'Dr. Dolittle'
Lonely Is the Name
I've Gotta Be Me
Verve
Our Shining Hour
MGM
Sammy Davis Jr. Now
That's Entertainment!
Live albums
Sammy Davis Jr. at Town Hall
Sammy Davis Jr. at the Cocoanut Grove
The Sounds of '66
That's All!
Compilations
Capitol Collectors Series
Yes I Can! The Sammy Davis Jr. Story
The Ultimate Rat Pack Collection: Live & Swingin'
The Definitive Collection
Soundtrack albums
Mr. Wonderful
Porgy and Bess
Robin and the 7 Hoods
Golden Boy
Sweet Charity
Stop the World – I Want to Get Off
Singles
"Inka Dinka Doo"
"Hey There"
"And This Is My Beloved"
"The Birth of the Blues"
"Something's Gotta Give"
"Love Me or Leave Me"
"That Old Black Magic"
"Too Close For Comfort"
"All of You"
"I Got Plenty o' Nuttin'"
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
"What Kind of Fool Am I?"
"Me and My Shadow"
"Sam's Song"
"As Long as She Needs Me"
"The Shelter of Your Arms"
"If I Ruled the World"
"Hello, Dolly!"
"Ev'ry Time We Say Goodbye"
"I've Gotta Be Me"
"The Candy Man"
"(I'd Be) A Legend in My Time"
"Singin' in the Rain"
"That's Entertainment!"
"Smoke! Smoke! Smoke!"
Related
Rat Pack
Will Mastin Trio
Sammy Davis Sr.
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Love_Me_or_Leave_Me_(Donaldson_and_Kahn_song)&oldid=841271333"
Categories:
Songs with music by Walter Donaldson
Songs with lyrics by Gus Kahn
Pop standards
Billie Holiday songs
Doris Day songs
Nina Simone songs
Lena Horne songs
Sammy Davis Jr. songs
Songs from musicals
1928 songs
1955 songs
Pathé Records singles
Okeh Records singles
Bluebird Records singles
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles with hAudio microformats
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Español
Norsk nynorsk
Edit links
This page was last edited on 14 May 2018, at 21:36.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Love_Me_or_Leave_Me_(Kerli_song)
mw-redirect
Love Me or Leave Me (Kerli song)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

attrs: href title

value: span

value: td

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: File:Love Me or Leave Me performed by Ruth Etting.ogg

values: position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 110px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;

values: left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;

values: width:220px width: 220px; position: relative;

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Media help

values:
/wiki/Victor_Records
mw-redirect
Victor Records

values:
/wiki/Love_Me_or_Leave_Me_(movie)
mw-redirect
Love Me or Leave Me (movie)

values: Something's Gotta Give (Johnny Mercer song)

values:
/wiki/RCA_Victor_Records
mw-redirect
RCA Victor Records

values:
/wiki/HMV_Records
mw-redirect
HMV Records

values:
/wiki/Parlophone_Records
mw-redirect
Parlophone Records

values:
/wiki/I_Loves_You_Porgy
mw-redirect
I Loves You Porgy

values:
/wiki/Inventions_and_Sinfonias
mw-redirect
Inventions and Sinfonias

values: Majestic Dance Orchestra (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Lover,_Come_Back_to_Me!
mw-redirect
Lover, Come Back to Me!

values:
/wiki/Domino_Records
mw-redirect
Domino Records

values:
/wiki/Oriole_Records_(US)
mw-redirect
Oriole Records (US)

values: Dixieland Swingsters (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/OKeh_Records
mw-redirect
OKeh Records

values:
/wiki/All_Alone_(1924_song)
mw-redirect
All Alone (1924 song)

values:
/wiki/King_Records_(USA)
mw-redirect
King Records (USA)

values:
/wiki/What%27ll_I_Do%3F
mw-redirect
What'll I Do?

values: Tops in Music Records (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Kate_Ceberano_and_her_Septet
mw-redirect
Kate Ceberano and her Septet

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/COL1500D.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/vic21500.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Dec27500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Dec29000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/RCA206000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/BRN4000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Har500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Pathe36500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/PE15000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/SPTN2000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/VOC1000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Conq7000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Ban6000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Dom4000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Reg8500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/OR1500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Jewel5500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Linc3000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/ROM500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/BB10000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/vic22000.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/COL2500D.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/vic25000.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/BB6000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/BB7000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Dec1000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Dec2000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/OK6000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/BB11000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Commodore.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Merc030.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Majestic.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/COL37500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/RCA202500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Merc050.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/King1000.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/COL39500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/Sav1100.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/COL40500.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
http://78discography.com/MGM11500.htm

values:
Ruth_Etting
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values:
/wiki/More_Than_You_Know_(1929_song)
mw-redirect
More Than You Know (1929 song)

values:
/wiki/Guilty_(1931_song)
mw-redirect
Guilty (1931 song)

values:
/wiki/Goodnight_Sweetheart_(1931_song)
mw-redirect
Goodnight Sweetheart (1931 song)

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
Sammy_Davis_Jr.
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values: Boy Meets Girl (Sammy Davis Jr. and Carmen McRae album)

values: Sammy Davis Jr. Belts the Best of Broadway

values: The Sammy Davis Jr. All-Star Spectacular

values: What Kind of Fool Am I and Other Show-Stoppers

values: Sammy Davis Jr. Sings Mel Tormé's "California Suite"

values: Sammy Davis Jr. Sings the Big Ones for Young Lovers

values: Sammy Davis Jr. Sings and Laurindo Almeida Plays

values: Sammy Davis Jr. Sings the Complete 'Dr. Dolittle'

values: I've Gotta Be Me (Sammy Davis Jr. album)

values: The Ultimate Rat Pack Collection: Live & Swingin'

values: Porgy and Bess (Sammy Davis Jr. and Carmen McRae album)

values: Category:Songs with music by Walter Donaldson

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: Love Me or Leave Me (canción de 1928) – Spanish

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Love_Me_or_Leave_Me_Donaldson_and_Kahn_song rootpage-Love_Me_or_Leave_Me_Donaldson_and_Kahn_song skin-vector action-view