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Coalition government
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A coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which many or multiple political parties cooperate, reducing the dominance of any one party within that coalition. The usual reason for this arrangement is that no party on its own can achieve a majority in the parliament. A coalition government might also be created in a time of national difficulty or crisis (for example, during wartime or economic crisis) to give a government the high degree of perceived political legitimacy or collective identity it desires while also playing a role in diminishing internal political strife. In such times, parties have formed all-party coalitions (national unity governments, grand coalitions). If a coalition collapses, a confidence vote is held or a motion of no confidence is taken.
Contents
[hide]
1 Practice
2 Distribution
2.1 Coalitions composed of few parties
2.1.1 United Kingdom
2.1.2 Germany
2.2 Examples of coalitions
2.2.1 Australia
2.2.2 Belgium
2.2.3 Canada
2.2.4 Denmark
2.2.5 Finland
2.2.6 India
2.2.7 Indonesia
2.2.8 Ireland
2.2.9 Israel
2.2.10 Japan
3 Criticism
4 See also
5 References
Practice[edit]
This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (June 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
When a general election does not produce a clear majority for a single party, parties either form coalition cabinets, supported by a parliamentary majority, or minority cabinets which may consist of one or more parties. Cabinets based on a group of parties that command a majority in parliament tend to be more stable and long-lived than minority cabinets. While the former are prone to internal struggles, they have less reason to fear votes of no confidence. Majority governments based on a single party are typically even more stable, as long as their majority can be maintained.
Distribution[edit]
See also: List of countries with coalition governments
Countries which often operate with coalition cabinets include: the Nordic countries, the Benelux countries, Australia, Austria, Cyprus, France, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kosovo, Latvia, Lebanon, Nepal, New Zealand, Pakistan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey and Ukraine. Switzerland has been ruled by a coalition of the four strongest parties in parliament from 1959 to 2008, called the "Magic Formula". Between 2010 and 2015, the United Kingdom also operated a formal coalition between the Conservative and the Liberal Democrat parties, but this was unusual: the UK usually has a single-party majority government.
Coalitions composed of few parties[edit]
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United Kingdom[edit]
See also: National Government (United Kingdom) and United Kingdom coalition government (disambiguation)
In the United Kingdom, coalition governments (sometimes known as "national governments") usually have only been formed at times of national crisis. All six coalition governments in the last 120 years have involved the Liberal and Conservative parties.[1] The most prominent was the National Government of 1931 to 1940. There were multi-party coalitions during both world wars. Apart from this, when no party has had a majority, minority governments normally have been formed with one or more opposition parties agreeing to vote in favour of the legislation which governments need to function: for instance the Labour government of James Callaghan came to an agreement with the Liberals in 1977 when it lost the narrow majority it had gained in the October 1974 election. However, in the run-up to the 1997 general election, Labour opposition leader Tony Blair was in talks with Liberal Democrat leader Paddy Ashdown about forming a coalition government if Labour failed to win a majority at the election; but there proved to be no need for a coalition as Labour won the election by a landslide.[2] The 2010 general election resulted in a hung parliament (Britain's first for 36 years), and the Conservatives, led by David Cameron, which had won the largest number of seats, formed a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to gain a parliamentary majority, ending 13 years of Labour government. This was the first time that the Conservatives and Lib Dems had made a power-sharing deal at Westminster.[3] It was also the first full coalition in Britain since 1945, having been formed 70 years virtually to the day after the establishment of Winston Churchill's wartime coalition,[4] although there had been a "Lib-Lab pact", an agreement stopping well short of a coalition, between the Labour and Liberal parties, from March 1977 until July 1978, after a series of by-election defeats had eroded Labour's majority of three seats which had been gained at the October 1974 election.
Germany[edit]
In Germany, for instance, coalition government is the norm, as it is rare for either the Christian Democratic Union of Germany together with their partners the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CDU/CSU), or the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), to win an unqualified majority in a national election. Thus, at the federal level, governments are formed with at least two parties. For example, Helmut Kohl's CDU governed for years in coalition with the Free Democratic Party (FDP); from 1998 to 2005 Gerhard Schröder's SPD was in power with the Greens; and from 2009 Angela Merkel, CDU/CSU was in power with the FDP.
"Grand coalitions" of the two large parties also occur, but these are relatively rare, as large parties usually prefer to associate with small ones. However, if none of the larger parties can receive enough votes to form their preferred coalition, a grand coalition might be their only choice for forming a government. This was the situation in Germany in 2005 when Angela Merkel became Chancellor: in early elections, the CDU/CSU did not garner enough votes to form a majority coalition with the FDP; similarly the SPD and Greens did not have enough votes to continue with their formerly ruling coalition. A grand coalition government was subsequently forged between the CDU/CSU and the SPD. Partnerships like these typically involve carefully structured cabinets. The CDU/CSU ended up holding the Chancellory while the SPD took the majority of cabinet posts. Parties frequently make statements ahead of elections which coalitions they categorically reject, similar to election promises or shadow cabinets in other countries.
In Germany, coalitions rarely consist of more than two parties (CDU and CSU, two allies which always form a single caucus, are in this regard considered a single party). However, in the 2010s coalitions on the state level increasingly included three different parties, often FDP, Greens and one of the major parties or "red red green" coalitions of SPD, Linkspartei and Greens.
Examples of coalitions[edit]
Australia[edit]
In federal Australian politics, the conservative Liberal, National, Country Liberal and Liberal National parties are united in a coalition, known simply as the Coalition. The Coalition has become so stable, at least at the federal level, that in practice the lower house of Parliament has become a two-party house, with the Coalition and the Labor Party being the major parties. This coalition is also found in the states of New South Wales and Victoria. In South Australia and Western Australia the Liberal and National parties compete separately, while in the Northern Territory and Queensland the two parties have merged, forming the Country Liberal Party, in 1978, and the Liberal National Party, in 2008, respectively.
The other federal coalition has been:
United Australia-Country-Independents coalition in 1940
In Tasmania:
Liberal–Greens coalition in 1996;
Labor–Greens coalitions formed in 1989 and 2010.
In the Australian Capital Territory:
Liberal–Independent coalition in 1998;
Labor–Greens coalitions in 2001 and 2008.
Belgium[edit]
In Belgium, where there are separate Dutch-speaking and French-speaking parties for each political grouping, coalition cabinets of up to six parties are common.
Canada[edit]
In Canada, the Great Coalition was formed in 1864 by the Clear Grits, Parti bleu, and Liberal-Conservative Party. During the First World War, Prime Minister Robert Borden attempted to form a coalition with the opposition Liberals to broaden support for controversial conscription legislation. The Liberal Party refused the offer but some of their members did cross the floor and join the government. Although sometimes referred to as a coalition government, according to the definition above, it was not. It was disbanded after the end of the war.[5]
In British Columbia, the governing Liberals formed a coalition with the opposition Conservatives in order to prevent the surging, left-wing Cooperative Commonwealth Federation from taking power in the British Columbia general election, 1941. Liberal premier Duff Pattullo refused to form a coalition with the third-place Conservatives, so his party removed him. The Liberal–Conservative coalition introduced a winner-take-all preferential voting system (the "Alternative Vote") in the hopes that their supporters would rank the other party as their second preference; however, this strategy did not take CCF second preferences into account. In the British Columbia general election, 1952, to the surprise of many, the right-wing populist BC Social Credit Party won a minority. They were able to win a majority in the subsequent election as Liberal and Conservative supporters shifted their anti-CCF vote to Social Credit.
Manitoba has had more formal coalition governments than any other province. Following gains by the United Farmer's/Progressive movement elsewhere in the country, the United Farmers of Manitoba unexpectedly won the 1921 election. Like their counterparts in Ontario, they had not expected to win and did not have a leader. They asked John Bracken, a professor in animal husbandry, to become leader and premier. Bracken changed the party's name to the Progressive Party of Manitoba. During the Great Depression, Bracken survived at a time when other premiers were being defeated by forming a coalition government with the Manitoba Liberals (eventually, the two parties would merge into the Liberal-Progressive Party of Manitoba, and decades later, the party would change its name to the Manitoba Liberal Party). In 1940, Bracken formed a wartime coalition government with almost every party in the Manitoba Legislature (the Conservatives, CCF, and Social Credit; however, the CCF broke with the coalition after a few years over policy differences). The only party not included was the small, communist Labor-Progressive Party, which had a handful of seats.
In Saskatchewan, NDP premier Roy Romanow formed a formal coalition with the Saskatchewan Liberals in 1999 after being reduced to a minority. After two years, the newly elected Liberal leader Jim Melanchuk chose to withdraw from the coalition; however, 2 out of 3 members of his caucus disagreed with him and left the Liberals to run as New Democrats in the upcoming election. The Saskatchewan NDP was re-elected with a majority under its new leader Lorne Calvert, while the Saskatchewan Liberals lost their remaining seats and have not been competitive in the province since.
According to historian Christopher Moore, coalition governments in Canada became much less possible in 1919, when the leaders of parties were no longer chosen by elected MPs but instead began to be chosen by party members. That kind of leadership selection process had never been tried in any parliament system before and remains uncommon in the parliaments of the world today. According to Moore, as long as that kind of leadership selection process remains in place and concentrates power in the hands of the leader, as opposed to backbenchers, then coalition governments will be very difficult to form. Moore shows that the diffusion of power within a party tends to also lead to a diffusion of power in the parliament in which that party operates, thereby making coalitions more likely.[6]
During the 2008 Canadian parliamentary dispute, two of Canada's opposition parties signed an agreement to form what would become the country's second coalition government since Confederation if the minority Conservative government was defeated on a vote of non-confidence,[7] unseating Stephen Harper as Prime Minister. The agreement outlined a formal coalition consisting of two opposition parties, the Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party. The Bloc Québécois agreed to support the proposed coalition on confidence matters for 18 months. In the end, parliament was prorogued by the Governor General, and the coalition dispersed following the election.
Denmark[edit]
In Denmark, all governments from 1982 until the June 2015 elections have been coalitions. The first coalition in Danish political history was formed in 1929 by Thorvald Stauning and consisted of the Social Democrats (Staunings own party) and the Social Liberals. Since then, a number of parties have participated in coalitions.
Excluding the post-WW2 Liberation Cabinet's member parties, the following parties have done so: The Centre Democrats, the Christian People's Party, the Conservative People's Party, the Justice Party, the Social Democrats, the Socialist People's Party, the Social Liberal Party, and Venstre.
Finland[edit]
In Finland, no party has had an absolute majority in the parliament since independence, and multi-party coalitions have been the norm. Finland experienced its most stable government (Lipponen I and II) since independence with a five-party governing coalition, a so-called "rainbow government". The Lipponen cabinets set the stability record and were unusual in the respect that both moderate (SDP) and radical left wing (Left Alliance) parties sat in the government with the major right-wing party (National Coalition). The Katainen cabinet was also a rainbow coalition of a total of five parties.
India[edit]
Since India's Independence on 15 August 1947, Indian National Congress, the major political party instrumental in Indian independence movement, ruled the nation. The first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, second PM Lal Bahadur Shastri and the third PM Indira Gandhi, all were from the Congress party. However, Raj Narain, who had unsuccessfully contested election against Indira from the constituency of Rae Bareilly in 1971, lodged a case, alleging electoral malpractices. In June 1975, Indira was found guilty and barred by High Court from holding public office for six years. In response, an ungracious Emergency was declared under the pretext of national security. The next election's result was that India's first-ever coalition government was formed at the national level under the Prime Ministership of Morarji Desai, which was also the first non-Congress national government, which existed from 24 March 1977 to 15 July 1979, headed by the Janata Party,[8] an amalgam of political parties opposed to Emergency imposed between 1975 and 1977. As the popularity of Janata Party dwindled, Morarji Desai had to resign and Charan Singh, a rival of Desai became the fifth PM. However, due to lack of support, this coalition government did not complete its five-year term.
Congress returned to the power in 1980 under Indira Gandhi, and later under Rajiv Gandhi as the 6th PM. However, the next general election of 1989 once again brought a coalition government under National Front, which lasted till 1991, with two Prime Ministers, the second one being supported by Congress. The 1991 election resulted in a Congress led stable minority government for five years. The next 11th parliament produced three Prime Ministers in two years and forced the country back to the polls in 1998. The first successful coalition government in India which completed the whole 5-year term was the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led National Democratic Alliance with Atal Bihari Vajpayee as PM from 1999 to 2004. Then another coalition, Congress led United Progressive Alliance, consisting of 13 separate parties ruled India for two terms from 2004 to 2014 with Manmohan Singh as PM. However, in the 16th general election in May 2014, BJP secured majority on its own (first party to do so since 1984 election) and National Democratic Alliance again came into power, with Narendra Modi as Prime Minister and more.
Indonesia[edit]
As a result of the toppling of Suharto, political freedom is significantly increased. Compared to only three parties allowed to exist in the New Order era, a total of 48 political parties participated in the 1999 election, a total of 24 parties in the 2004 election, 38 parties in the 2009 election, and 15 parties in the 2014 election. There are no majority winner of those elections and coalition governments are inevitable. The current government is a coalition of seven parties led by the PDIP and Golkar.
Ireland[edit]
In Republic of Ireland, coalition governments are quite common; not since 1977 has a single party been able to form a majority government. Coalitions are the typically formed of two or more parties always consisting of one of the two biggest parties, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael, and one or more smaller parties or independent members of parliament. The current government consists of a minority Fine Gael government, supported by a confidence and supply arrangement with Fianna Fáil.
Ireland's first coalition government was formed in 1948. Ireland has had consecutive coalition governments since the 1989 general election, excluding two brief Fianna Fáil minority administrations in 1994 and 2011 that followed the withdrawal of their coalition partners from government. Before 1989, Fianna Fáil had opposed participation in coalition governments, preferring single-party minority government instead.
Irish coalition governments have traditionally been based on one of two large blocs in Dáil Éireann: either Fianna Fáil in coalition with smaller parties or independents, or Fine Gael and the Labour Party in coalition, sometimes with smaller parties. The only exception to these traditional alliances was the 23rd Government of Ireland, comprising Fianna Fáil and the Labour Party, which ruled between 1993 and 1994. The Government of the 31st Dáil, though a traditional Fine Gael–Labour coalition, resembles a grand coalition, due to the collapse of the Fianna Fáil to third place among parties in Dáil Éireann.
Israel[edit]
A similar situation exists in Israel, which typically has at least 10 parties holding representation in the Knesset. The only faction to ever gain the majority of Knesset seats was Alignment, an alliance of the Labor Party and Mapam that held an absolute majority for a brief period from 1968 to 1969. Historically, control of the Israeli government has alternated between periods of rule by the right-wing Likud in coalition with several right-wing and religious parties and periods of rule by the center-left Labor in coalition with several left-wing parties. Ariel Sharon's formation of the centrist Kadima party in 2006 drew support from former Labor and Likud members, and Kadima ruled in coalition with several other parties.
Israel also formed a national unity government from 1984–1988. The premiership and foreign ministry portfolio were held by the head of each party for two years, and they switched roles in 1986.
Japan[edit]
Post-World War II Japan has historically been dominated by the Liberal Democratic Party, but there was a brief coalition government formed after the 1993 election following LDP's first loss of its overall House of Representatives majority since 1955, winning only 223 out of 511 seats. The LDP government was replaced by an eight-party coalition government, which consisted of all of the previous opposition parties excluding the Japanese Communist Party, who together controlled 243 seats. Every Japanese government since then has been a coalition government in one way or another.
Criticism[edit]
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Advocates of proportional representation suggest that a coalition government leads to more consensus-based politics, as a government comprising differing parties (often based on different ideologies) need to compromise about governmental policy. Another stated advantage is that a coalition government better reflects the popular opinion of the electorate within a country.[6]
Those who disapprove of coalition governments believe that such governments have a tendency to be fractious and prone to disharmony, as their component parties hold differing beliefs and thus may not always agree on policy. Sometimes the results of an election mean that the coalitions which are mathematically most probable are ideologically infeasible, for example in Flanders or Northern Ireland. A second difficulty might be the ability of minor parties to play "kingmaker" and, particularly in close elections, gain far more power in exchange for their support than the size of their vote would otherwise justify.
Coalition governments have also been criticized[by whom?] for sustaining a consensus on issues when disagreement and the consequent discussion would be more fruitful. To forge a consensus, the leaders of ruling coalition parties can agree to silence their disagreements on an issue to unify the coalition against the opposition. The coalition partners, if they control the parliamentary majority, can collude to make the parliamentary discussion on the issue irrelevant by consistently disregarding the arguments of the opposition and voting against the opposition's proposals — even if there is disagreement within the ruling parties about the issue.
Powerful parties can also act in an oligocratic way to form an alliance to stifle the growth of emerging parties. Of course, such an event is rare in coalition governments when compared to two-party systems, which typically exist because of stifling of the growth of emerging parties, often through discriminatory nomination rules regulations and plurality voting systems, and so on.
A single, more powerful party can shape the policies of the coalition disproportionately. Smaller or less powerful parties can be intimidated to not openly disagree. In order to maintain the coalition, they would have to vote against their own party's platform in the parliament. If they do not, the party has to leave the government and loses executive power. However, this is contradicted by the "kingmaker" factor mentioned above.
See also[edit]
Cohabitation
Collaborative leadership
Electoral alliance
Electoral fusion
Hung parliament
List of democracy and election-related topics
List of countries with coalition governments
Majority government
Minority government
Plurality voting system
Political coalition
Political organisation
Category:Political party alliances
Popular front
Unholy alliance
United front
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Cawood, Ian (10 May 2013). "Liberal-Conservative Coalitions - 'a farce and a fraud'?". History & Policy. History & Policy. Retrieved 27 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Making Minority Government Work:Hung Parliaments and the Challenges for Westminster and Whitehall" (PDF). 2008-12-02. Retrieved 2009-12-07.
Jump up ^ "Tories and Lib Dems enter full coalition government". The New Statesman.
Jump up ^ Churchill became Prime Minister on 10 May 1940, David Cameron on 11 May 2010. Churchill formed his War Cabinet on 11 May: Winston S. Churchill (1949) Their Finest Hour.
Jump up ^ "Coalition Government: Precedents from around the world". CBC News. 2010-05-13. Retrieved 2009-05-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Moore, Christopher (2011). "Come together". Canada's History (June–July 2011): 53–54.
Jump up ^ Menon, Nirmala (2008-12-02). "Coalition Set To Topple Canada PM". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-12-02.
Jump up ^ Kuldip Singh (1995-04-11). "OBITUARY: Morarji Desai". The Independent. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
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text:
The Rosie Project
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Rosie Project
First Edition Cover (UK)
Author
Graeme Simsion
Country
Australia
Genre
Romance fiction
Publisher
Text Publishing
Publication date
January 30, 2013
Media type
Print (hardcover), e-book
Pages
304
ISBN
9781922079770
Followed by
The Rosie Effect
The Rosie Project is a 2013 Australian novel and the debut work of Australian novelist Graeme Simsion. The work was first published on January 30, 2013 in Australia by Text Publishing and the rights have since been sold in over 40 other countries.[1] International sales are in excess of 3.5 million copies and the book was named Book of the Year for 2014 by the Australian Book Industry Association.[2] In the United States the novel was published through Simon & Schuster and in the United Kingdom through Penguin Books. The novel centers on genetics professor Don Tillman, who struggles to have a serious relationship with women. With a friend's help, he devises a questionnaire to assess the suitability of female partners. His plans are set off course when he meets Rosie, who does not fit many of Tillman's criteria, but becomes a big part of his life.
A sequel titled, The Rosie Effect was released in 2014.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Film adaptation
3 Reception
4 Awards
5 References
Synopsis[edit]
Don Tillman is an Australian genetics professor who has spent his days organizing his life with the expectation that it will reduce inefficiency, improve himself as a person, and make him an all around happier person. He does not fit in well with others, which has kept Don from dating and having a satisfying romantic life - something that confounds him, as he believes that his IQ, physical health, finances, and social status should otherwise make him an appealing mate. After spending time with his best friend and womanizing colleague Gene and his wife Claudia, Don comes up with the idea of the Wife Project, a questionnaire that would help find the perfect mate. This turns out to be something more easily done in theory, as his questionnaire fails to produce a satisfactory woman and alienates many potential candidates.
Soon after Gene introduces him to Rosie, a bartender whom he quickly eliminates as unsuitable per his criteria. Despite this, Don finds himself quickly drawn to her and even goes so far to agree to help her find her biological father, a man that her mother slept with after a graduation party - a task Don terms the "Father Project". Her mother is dead and as such, Rosie cannot ask her for the answer and can only go on the information that her father was an attendee at the party. The two manage to eliminate most of the attendees via DNA testing, which Don secretly does in the university laboratory under the guise of it being an official project. As time progresses Rosie begins to challenge more and more of Don's habits and assumptions, and he's surprised when she reveals that she's working as a bartender in order to pay her way through university while she works on her doctorate in psychology. He also finds that part of the reason that Rosie is so desperate to find her biological father is because of her unsatisfactory relationship with her stepfather Phil. Don also finally meets a woman who fulfills all of his criteria, but he discovers that he is completely unattracted to her.
Eventually, the Father Project eliminates all but a select few people, two of which require that Don and Rosie travel to New York City. Once there Rosie forces Don to abandon his schedules in exchange for a spontaneous trip through the city, which he finds that he truly enjoys. This culminates in the two almost having sex, only for Rosie to change her mind because she's unsure that a relationship with Don could actually work out. The two return to Australia where Don continues the Father Project and realizes that his friend Gene may actually be Rosie's father since he also attended the party and is also very promiscuous. After some thinking Don decides that he will test Gene and that he will also try to convince Rosie to marry him, as he has discovered that he is genuinely attracted to her. Despite trying to change to fit what he believes she needs, Don is rejected by Rosie when he says that he does not feel love like others do. However this rejection causes Don to realize that he actually does love Rosie. He also decides to confront her father Phil over her father issues, as Rosie felt neglected because she believed that Phil prioritized his career over her and failed to fulfill a promise to go to Disneyland, a move that she views as representative of their relationship as a whole. Rosie inevitably discovers that Gene may be her real father and she confronts him over this with his wife Claudia, who was largely unaware of his womanizing. Don arrives at the scene just in time to watch Phil punch Gene, after which point Don and Rosie reconcile and she agrees to marry him. She also reconciles with her father and after she marries Don, the two of them move to America to start anew. The book ends with Don running a final test on a sample of Phil's DNA, which confirms that he was her biological father all along, and the whole issue was raised by Rosie's mother because of Gene's negligence in explaining to his students the rules of eye color inheritance.
Film adaptation[edit]
In September 2014 it was confirmed that Sony Pictures optioned film rights to The Rosie Project.[3] Simsion penned the first draft of the script and screenwriters Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber were later brought on to work on the final script, with Phil Lord and Christopher Miller set to potentially direct.[3] Jennifer Lawrence was cast as the female lead for the film in July 2015.[4] In October 2015, Lawrence dropped out to star in the film mother! by Darren Aronofsky, director of the Oscar-winning movie Black Swan.[5] In July 2015, Richard Linklater was in talks to direct after Lord and Miller dropped out to do other projects.[6] However, after Lawrence dropped out of the film, so did Linklater.[7] In 2017, Tristar Pictures announced that Ben Taylor would direct the film.[8]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception for The Rosie Project has been mostly positive and the book was a bestseller in multiple countries.[9][10] NPR gave a favorable review for the work, which they felt was charming.[11] Bill Gates included The Rosie Project as the only novel in his Six Books I’d Recommend.[12]
Awards[edit]
International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award, Ireland, Longlisted, 2015[1]
Australian Book Industry's Book of the Year, Winner, 2014[13]
Australian Book Industry's General Fiction Book of the Year, Winner, 2014[14]
Nielsen BookData Booksellers Choice Award, Shortlisted, 2014[1]
Best Debut Fiction, Independent Booksellers of Australia Awards, Shorlisted, 2014[1]
Waverton Good Read Award, United Kingdom, Shortlisted, 2014[1]
The Indie Awards, Shortlisted, 2014[1]
Victorian Premier's Award for Best Unpublished Manuscript, Winner, 2012[15]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "The Rosie Project". Text Publishing. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Autistic love story tops awards". news.com.au.
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming Jr, Mike. "'Rosie Project' Has Lord & Miller Circling To Helm Neustadter & Weber Script". Deadline. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Groves, Nancy. "Jennifer Lawrence to star in film of The Rosie Project". Deadline. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jennifer Lawrence Drops Out of The Rosie Project". Collider. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
Jump up ^ Sollosi, Mary (27 July 2015). "Richard Linklater in talks to direct Jennifer Lawrence in The Rosie Project". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "Richard Linklater Exits The Rosie Project". Collider. Retrieved 2015-11-15.
Jump up ^ Siegel, Tatiana (20 June 2017). "TriStar Romantic Comedy 'Rosie Project' Finds Director". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Roth, Gabriel. "Without a Cue". New York Times. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Best Sellers January 19, 2014". New York Times. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "'The Rosie Project' Will Charm You With Science". NPR. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Gates, Bill. "6 Books I'd Recommend". gatesnotes.com.
Jump up ^ "Author of 'The Rosie Project' awarded Book of the Year prize". ABC News. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
Jump up ^ "Graeme Simsion's The Rosie Project named Australian Book of the Year". NewsComAu. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
Jump up ^ "The Prize for an Unpublished Manuscript". The Wheeler Centre. Retrieved 2015-12-01.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Rosie_Project&oldid=812298123"
Categories:
2013 Australian novels
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text:
Williams (surname)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Williams
Pronunciation
Williams
Language(s)
English, Norman
Origin
Region of origin
England, Wales, Cornwall, France
Meaning
derived from Son of William
Other names
Variant(s)
William, Willimon, Williman, Williamson, Wilhelm
Footnotes: Frequency Comparisons[1]
Williams is a patronymic form of the name William that originated in medieval England and Wales.[2] The meaning is derived from son or descendant of William, the Northern French form that also gave the English name William. Derived from an Old French given name with Germanic elements; will = desire, will; and helm = helmet, protection.[3] It is the second most common surname in New Zealand; third most common in Wales and the United States and fourth most common in Australia.[1][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Earliest usage
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
Earliest usage[edit]
The earliest recorded use of the surname;
in the form of Willam is from 1279 in Oxfordshire,[5]
in the form of William is from 1299 in Whitby, Yorkshire,[2]
in the form of Williames is from 1307 in Staffordshire.[6]
See also[edit]
List of people with surname Williams
Williams baronets
Williams family of Caerhays and Burncoose
R. H. Williams (disambiguation)
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Williams Surname at Forebears
^ Jump up to: a b Reaney & Wilson p.493
Jump up ^ WILLIAMS - Surname Meaning | Origin for the Surname Williams Genealogy
Jump up ^ United States Census Bureau (9 May 1995). s:1990 Census Name Files dist.all.last (1-100). Retrieved on 25 February 2008.
Jump up ^ Reaney & Wilson p.493, sourced from the Rotuli Hundredorum 1812, 1818
Jump up ^ Reaney & Wilson p.493, sourced from the Staffordshire Assize Rolls
References[edit]
PH Reaney & RM Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames:The Standard Guide to English Surnames, Oxford University Press, 1995, ISBN 0-19-863146-4.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Williams_(surname)&oldid=827127524"
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Surnames of English origin
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This page was last edited on 22 February 2018, at 22:51.
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text:
Gnomeo & Juliet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Gnomeo & Juliet
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Kelly Asbury
Produced by
Baker Bloodworth
Steve Hamilton Shaw
David Furnish
Screenplay by
Kelly Asbury
Mark Burton
Andy Riley
Kevin Cecil
Emily Cook
Kathy Greenberg
Steve Hamilton Shaw
Story by
Kelly Asbury
John R. Smith
Rob Sprackling
Andy Riley
Kevin Cecil
Steve Hamilton Shaw
Based on
Romeo and Juliet
by William Shakespeare
Starring
James McAvoy
Emily Blunt
Michael Caine
Jason Statham
Maggie Smith
Patrick Stewart
Ashley Jensen
Stephen Merchant
Ozzy Osbourne
Music by
James Newton Howard
Chris Bacon
Edited by
Catherine Apple
Production
company
Touchstone Pictures[1]
Rocket Pictures[1]
Distributed by
Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Entertainment One Films[2][3]
(United Kingdom and Canada)
Release date
January 23, 2011 (2011-01-23) (Hollywood)
February 11, 2011 (2011-02-11) (US and UK)
Running time
84 minutes[2]
Country
United Kingdom[1]
United States[1]
Language
English
Budget
$36 million[4]
Box office
$194 million[5]
Gnomeo & Juliet is a 2011 3D computer-animated fantasy romantic comedy film loosely based on William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet and an original screenplay by John R. Smith and Rob Sprackling. Financed by Disney[6] and released through its Touchstone Pictures banner,[7] the film was independently produced by Rocket Pictures and animated by Starz Animation.[6] It was co-written and directed by Kelly Asbury and starring the voices of James McAvoy, Emily Blunt, Michael Caine, Jason Statham, Maggie Smith, Patrick Stewart, Ashley Jensen, Stephen Merchant, and Ozzy Osbourne.
The film premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on January 23, 2011. It was theatrically released in the United Kingdom and United States on February 11, 2011.[2][8] Despite mixed reviews, the film earned $194 million on a $36 million budget. The film received nominations for the Satellite Award for Original Song, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song, the Critics' Choice Award for Best Song and the Annie Award for Directing in a Feature Production, Storyboarding in a Feature Production, Voice Acting in a Feature Production and Writing in a Feature Production.
A sequel titled Sherlock Gnomes was released in 2018, with Paramount Pictures and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer replacing Touchstone, and was a critical and commercial disappointment in contrast to the original film.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Differences from the 1597 Tragedy by William Shakespeare
3 Cast
4 Production
5 Soundtrack
5.1 Track listing
5.2 Musicians
6 Release
6.1 Home media
7 Reception
7.1 Critical response
7.2 Box office
7.3 Accolades
8 Sequel
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
In Stratford-Upon-Avon, Miss. Montague (blue) and Mr. Capulet (red) (Julie Walters and Richard Wilson) are two elderly neighbors who despise each other. When they leave their respective gardens, their garden gnomes and other lawn ornaments come alive. The Montague garden is filled with blue-hat gnomes led by Lady Bluebury (Maggie Smith), and the Capulet garden has red-hat gnomes led by Lord Redbrick (Michael Caine). Like their human gardeners, the gnomes also despise each other. The gnomes hold a back alley lawnmower race. Lady Bluebury's son Gnomeo (James McAvoy) and his best friend Benny (Matt Lucas) are disappointed to see Mrs. Montague ordering a new "Kitty Clipper" lawnmower to replace Gnomeo's lawnmower.
That night, Gnomeo and Benny infiltrate the red garden in black disguise. Benny sprays the reds' well and accidentally triggers a security light. During the escape Gnomeo ends up in a nearby garden where he bumps into a disguised Juliet (Emily Blunt), the daughter of Lord Redbrick. Juliet is attempting to retrieve a unique orchid, and the two romantically fight over it. They each discover the other's color before fleeing the garden. When they both go back to their own gardens, Juliet tells her frog-sprinkler friend Nanette (Ashley Jensen) about her newfound love. Nanette states that the relationship is romantically tragic.
Gnomeo and Juliet have secret meetings in the nearby garden, where they meet a pink plastic flamingo named Featherstone (Jim Cummings) who encourages their love. Lord Redbrick pairs Juliet with a Red Gnome named Paris (Stephen Merchant), but Juliet isn't interested in him and distracts him with Nanette who has feelings for him. Lady Bluebury is distraught after the reds infiltrate the garden and destroy the plant nurtured by Gnomeo's late father. The blues want Gnomeo to take revenge on the reds, and he realizes that he cannot refuse unless he tells his secret. Just as he is about to spray the prized tulips of the reds, Juliet sees him and he backs out of the attack.
When he and Juliet meet up again, they argue until Featherstone stops them, telling them he lost his wife when the couple living in the house, where the garden is, broke up and never saw each other again. Benny sees them and runs away into the alleyway, where Gnomeo’s rival, Tybalt (Jason Statham), is waiting with his lawnmower, attempting to run Benny down and ends up chops off his hat. Gnomeo intervenes, and he and Tybalt fight on the red lawnmower until the lawnmower runs into the wall. Gnomeo jumps off at the last minute, but Tybalt crashes into the wall, causing him to shatter himself. The reds attempt to attack Gnomeo, thinking that Tybalt died because of him. To the surprise of her clan, Juliet defends Gnomeo, saying that she loves him. Gnomeo ends up on a road, and everyone believes he was run over by a truck. Lord Redbrick has the other red gnomes glue Juliet's feet to her fountain because he does not want to lose her like he lost her mother.
Gnomeo's mushroom friend, Shroom, finds out that Gnomeo is still alive as blue teapots fell out of the truck that "ran him over", which all the gnomes came to believe was Gnomeo. He and Featherstone eventually reaches a park where Gnomeo climbs onto a statue of William Shakespeare (Patrick Stewart) and tells him his story. Shakespeare tells Gnomeo that his story is very similar to another and that it is likely Gnomeo's will have a sad ending as well.
Benny gets onto Miss. Montague's computer and changes her lawnmower order to a powerful Terrafirminator unit, intending to get revenge on the reds. However, the Terrafirminator goes out of control, destroys most of the two gardens, and gets itself stuck while the gnomes wage a full-scale war. Gnomeo returns to Juliet with the help of Featherstone. However, when he arrives, the Terrafirminator frees itself, sending it flying. Gnomeo tries to un-glue Juliet, but is unable to. She tells him to go, but he refuses. The two share a passionate kiss just as the lawnmower crashes into the fountain, self-destructing in the process.
When everyone believes that both are dead, Lord Redbrick and Lady Bluebury decide to end the feud. Miraculously, Gnomeo and Juliet emerge from the ruins and the two clans celebrate. Miss. Montague and Mr. Capulet come home to find their backyards a mess.
The film ends happily with an epilogue. The red and blue gnomes finally coming together to celebrate their newfound peace. Paris and Nanette are in love, Lord Redbrick and Lady Blueberry became best friends, Tybalt is revealed to still be alive having been glued back together, Featherstone is reunited with his wife after Benny finds and orders her online, and Gnomeo and Juliet are married on a purple lawnmower, which symbolizes the new union of both gnome clans.
Differences from the 1597 Tragedy by William Shakespeare[edit]
In the tragedy the characters live in Verona, Italy, but in the film Stratford upon Avon (this is also the birthplace of William Shakespeare.)
Tybalt never redeems himself in the tragedy but in the film he does.
Count Paris is not a villain.
The characters are all gnomes.
They don't meet at a masked party.
The two main characters don't die off.
It takes place in the present.
Cast[edit]
James McAvoy as Gnomeo, Lady Bluebury's son, Juliet's love interest (later husband), and a blue gnome counterpart to Romeo Montague.
Emily Blunt as Juliet, Lord Redbrick's daughter, Gnomeo's love interest (later wife), and a red gnome counterpart to Juliet Capulet.
Michael Caine as Lord Redbrick, the leader of the red gnomes, Juliet's overprotective widower father, and counterpart to Lord Capulet.
Jason Statham as Tybalt, Gnomeo and Benny's arch-nemesis, and a red gnome counterpart to Tybalt.
Maggie Smith as Lady Bluebury, the leader of the blue gnomes and Gnomeo's widowed mother, and counterpart to Lady Montague.
Patrick Stewart as William Shakespeare who wrote Romeo and Juliet.
Ashley Jensen as Nanette, a Scottish-accented plastic garden frog, Juliet's best friend, and Paris' love interest counterpart to Nurse.
Stephen Merchant as Paris, a nerdy red gnome who was arranged to marry Juliet, and Nanette´s love interest; counterpart to Count Paris.
Ozzy Osbourne as Fawn, a garden deer and Tybalt's best friend; counterpart to Peter.
Matt Lucas as Benny, Gnomeo's impulsive and tall-hatted best friend, and Call Me Doll´s love interest; counterpart to Benvolio.
Jim Cummings as Featherstone, a lonely plastic flamingo with a thick Spanish accent; counterpart to Friar Laurence.
Hulk Hogan as Terrafirminator Announcer, an unseen person who promotes the Terrafirminator lawnmower on TV.
Julie Walters as Ms. Montague, the elderly owner of the Blue garden whose face is not seen.
Richard Wilson as Mr. Capulet, the elderly owner of the Red garden whose face is not seen.
Kelly Asbury as Red Goon Gnomes; counterparts to Gregory, Sampson, Anthony, and Potpan.
Dolly Parton as Dolly Gnome, the lawnmower race announcer, and Mankini Gnome´s love interest.
Julia Braams as Stone Fish, a stone fish attached to the fishing line of the Fishing Gnome. In the end, it is seen being dragged by Gnomeo and Juliet's purple lawnmower.
James Daniel Wilson as Fishing Gnome, a red gnome.
Tim Bentinck as Conjoined Gnome Left, a red gnome.
Julio Bonet as Mankini Gnome, Dolly Gnome´s love interest and a red gnome.
Neil McCaul as Conjoined Gnome Right, a red gnome.
Maurissa Horwitz as Call Me Doll, Benny's love interest.
John Todd as Dancer.
Silent characters include:
Shroom, a silent mushroom and Gnomeo’s friend/pet; counterpart to Romeo's servant Balthasar.
The Bunnies, a group of small, cement bunnies that act as servants for Lady Bluebury and others in the Blue Garden; counterparts to Abram and other miscellaneous servants of the Montagues.
There is no counterpart for Mercutio, as stated by James McAvoy in an interview with NBC, ”Gnomeo in this is a little bit of amalgamation between Romeo and Mercutio. We don’t have that Mercutio character in this. We don’t have that leader of the pack, which Romeo isn’t but Gnomeo is a little bit."[9] Prince Escalus also doesn't have a counterpart.
Production[edit]
The film was the original idea of Sprackling and Smith, who sold the spec script to Disney through Rocket Pictures. Disney studio chairman Dick Cook greenlit the film, under the Disney-owned Miramax Films.[10] Miramax was later sold by Disney in 2010, but the latter studio retained the rights to the film.[1] Disney then opted to release the film through its Touchstone Pictures banner, when Starz Animation decided to produce and animate the film. Disney Australian director Adam Elliot was approached and asked to direct the film, but he rejected the offer due the film's incompatibility with his style, as well as his lack of experience with CGI.[11] Starz Animation Toronto (which also made 9) produced all of the animation for the film, including the stereoscopic version.
Asbury got on board in 2006, and was attracted the movie in order to work with Elton John.[12] Asbury and Hamilton Shaw then rewrote the film " sort of from scratch," [12] A particular challenge, according to Asbury was how to differentiate the ending between the original play and the movie in order to "keep daggers and poison and suicide out".[12] Ashbury had free range of the casting and conducted the process only through listening to voices, not knowing which actor was auditioning until he felt they were right for the character.[12] Prior to the casting of James McAvoy and Emily Blunt, the roles of Gnomeo and Juliet were to be voiced by Ewan McGregor and Kate Winslet, respectively.[13]
Soundtrack[edit]
Gnomeo & Juliet (Original Soundtrack)
Soundtrack album by Elton John
Released
February 8, 2011 (2011-02-08)
Recorded
2009-2010
Genre
Orchestral, pop, rock
Length
60:24
Label
Buena Vista
Producer
Elton John and David Furnish
Elton John chronology
The Union
(2010)The Union2010 Gnomeo & Juliet Soundtrack
(2011) Good Morning to the Night
(2012)Good Morning to the Night2012
Gnomeo & Juliet: Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack album and was released by Buena Vista Records on February 8, 2011.[14] It features music by Elton John (who was also the film's executive producer), Nelly Furtado, Kiki Dee, and selections from the score composed by Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard (who played keyboards for Elton John and arranged strings on many previous projects).
The duet of John and Lady Gaga for "Hello, Hello" was featured in the film, released on February 11, 2011, but the soundtrack version only features John.[15] Additionally, on May 4, 2011 the duet was leaked online and available for download on most sharing websites.
Track listing[edit]
"Hello Hello" (Album Version) – Elton John
"Crocodile Rock" – Nelly Furtado & Elton John
"Saturday Night's Alright For Fighting" – Elton John
"Don't Go Breaking My Heart" – Elton John & Kiki Dee
"Love Builds a Garden" – Elton John
"Your Song" – Elton John
"Rocket Man" – Elton John
"Tiny Dancer" – Elton John
"Bennie and the Jets" – Elton John
"Gnomeo & Juliet (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"Dandelions (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"Bennie and the Bunnies (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"Terrafirminator (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"The Tiki Tiki Tiki Room" – Wally Boag, Thurl Ravenscroft, Fulton Burley & The Mellomen
Track 1-9: Original lyrics by Bernie Taupin, all music by Elton John & band.
Track 10: Written by James Newton Howard, contains music by Elton John.
Track 11 & 13: Written by James Newton Howard & Chris P. Bacon, contains music by Elton John.
Track 12: Written by James Newton Howard & Stuart Michael Thomas, contains music by Elton John.
Track 14: Written by Robert & Richard Sherman.
Musicians[edit]
Elton John & band:
Elton John: Piano, vocals
Davey Johnstone: Guitars, backing vocals
Bob Birch: Bass, backing vocals
Nigel Olsson: Drums, backing vocals
John Mahon: Percussion, backing vocals
James Newton Howard: Keyboards
Release[edit]
Gnomeo & Juliet's worldwide premiere was at El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on January 23, 2011.[16] The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures under the Touchstone Pictures banner on February 11, 2011.[1] The film was Touchstone's first animated film since 1993's The Nightmare Before Christmas and also Touchstone's first and, so far, only film to receive a G rating from the MPAA, despite some mild language. The film was distributed in the United Kingdom and Canada by Entertainment One Films.[3] Elton John and director Asbury presented 10 minutes of the film at the Cannes Film Festival.[17]
Home media[edit]
Gnomeo & Juliet was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, and DVD on May 24, 2011.[18][19] The film was produced as three different packages: a 1-disc DVD, a 2-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack, and a 3-disc Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, and DVD combo pack. The 3-disc package also includes access to a digital download of the film.[20] Both the DVD and Blu-ray versions of the release include the music video for Elton John and Nelly Furtado's version of John's "Crocodile Rock", as well as the extras "Elton Builds a Garden" and "Frog Talk" with Ashley Jensen.[21] In addition, the Blu-ray version also has several deleted and alternate scenes, as well as a feature with Ozzy Osbourne called "The Fawn of Darkness".[22]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Gnomeo & Juliet received generally mixed reviews. Review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 55% of professional critics gave positive reviews, based on 121 reviews with an average rating of 5.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "While it has moments of inspiration, Gnomeo & Juliet is often too self-referential for its own good."[23] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, gave the film a 53 rating based on 28 reviews on its review scale, meaning “mixed or average reviews”.[24]
Box office[edit]
Gnomeo and Juliet earned about $100,000,000 in North America and $94,000,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $194,000,000.[5] Gnomeo & Juliet was ultimately a sleeper hit for Disney, outperforming the much higher-budgeted (and eventual box office bomb)[25] Mars Needs Moms the studio released a month following Gnomeo & Juliet. On its first weekend, the film had a worldwide opening of $30,700,000, finishing in second place behind Just Go with It ($35,800,000).[26][27] However, on its second weekend —Presidents' Day weekend— it topped the worldwide box office (although not being in first place either in North America[28] or overseas[29]) with $29,800,000, ahead of Unknown which ranked second ($26,400,000).
It opened in 2,994 theaters in North America on Friday, February 11, 2011, grossing $6,200,000 on its first day and ranking third behind Justin Bieber: Never Say Never and Just Go with It. It then finished the weekend with $25,400,000 in 3rd place.[30] However, it scored the largest opening weekend ever for an animated feature released during the winter period (both January and February). It also made the largest debut on record for a minor animated movie (i.e., one with little status, expectations and/or built-in audience), according to Box Office Mojo.[31] With a $99,970,000 total it became the highest-grossing animated feature among those released in winter, until it was surpassed by The Lego Movie in 2014.[32]
In the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta, it topped the weekend box office by earning £2,900,000 ($4,700,000) on its opening. In total it has grossed $25,300,000, making the UK the only market, except North America, where it grossed more than $10,000,000.[33]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Category
Winner/Nominee
Result
Annie Awards[34] Directing in a Feature Production Kelly Asbury Nominated
Storyboarding in a Feature Production Nelson Yokota
Voice Acting in a Feature Production Jim Cummings
Writing in a Feature Production Andy Riley, Kevin Cecil, Mark Burton, Kathy Greenburg, Emily Cook, Rob Sprackling, John R. Smith, Kelly Asbury, Steve Hamilton Shaw
Critics' Choice Awards[35] Best Song Hello Hello, performed by Elton John and Lady Gaga/written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin
Golden Globe Awards[36] Best Original Song "Hello Hello"
Satellite Awards[37] Original Song
Sequel[edit]
In March 2012, it was reported that a sequel titled Sherlock Gnomes was in development at Rocket Pictures. Andy Riley and Kevin Cecil, two of the nine writers on the first film, are writing the script for the sequel. Steve Hamilton Shaw and David Furnish are producing the film, and Elton John, an exec producer, is again composing new songs for the film. The film will feature Sherlock Gnomes, "the greatest ornamental detective" hired by the characters from the first film, who will try to solve the mystery of disappearing gnomes.[38] In September 2012, it was reported that John Stevenson, the director of Kung Fu Panda, has been set to direct the sequel.[39] In November 2015, it was announced that Johnny Depp would voice Sherlock Gnomes and that the film is scheduled for release on January 12, 2018.[40] Paramount Animation and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer will produce the film, with McAvoy and Blunt reprising their roles.[41] On May 26, 2017, Paramount delayed the film's release date to March 23, 2018.[42]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)". British Film Institute. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Gnomeo & Juliet (2D)". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved May 27, 2014. 83m 45s
^ Jump up to: a b Vlessing, Etan (May 23, 2011). "Film and TV Focus Lifts Entertainment One Profits". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 28, 2015. Among Entertainment One’s movie releases was Gnomeo & Juliet 3D released in Canada and Britain,...
Jump up ^ Screened Forums - Gnomeo and Juliet
^ Jump up to: a b "Gnomeo and Juliet". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Desowitz, Bill (February 11, 2011). "Cultivating 'Gnomeo & Juliet'". Animated World Network. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Day, Patrick Kevin (February 11, 2011). "Critical Mass: 'Gnomeo & Juliet'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "A dazzling Emily Blunt has the white stuff at the Hollywood premiere of Gnomeo and Juliet". Daily Mail Online. January 24, 2011. Retrieved September 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Huver, Scott. "Emily Blunt and James MacAvoy on the Terror of Gnomes". NBC.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 6, 2015). "Johnny Depp Lending His Voice To Paramount/MGM Sequel 'Sherlock Gnomes'". Deadline.com. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Interview with Adam Elliot, writer/director/designer of Mary and Max". Crickey.com.au. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved January 12, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Eisenberg, Eric. "Exclusive Interview: Gnomeo And Juliet Director Kelly Asbury". Cinemablend. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Reynolds, Simon. "Gnomeo & Juliet". Digital Spy. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Buena Vista Records to Release Gnomeo & Juliet Original Soundtrack 2/8". PR Newsire. January 25, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Lady Gaga, Elton John Duet Won't Appear On 'Gnomeo & Juliet' Soundtrack". Billboard.com. Associated Press. February 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "A dazzling Emily Blunt has the white stuff at the Hollywood premiere of Gnomeo and Juliet". Daily Mail Online. January 24, 2011. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Elton John in Cannes to promote Gnomeo And Juliet". Citizenside.com. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
Jump up ^ McCutcheon, David (April 1, 2011). "Gnomeo & Juliet Get Together". IGN. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Grabert, Jessica (April 3, 2011). "Gnomeo & Juliet Rushing Out Of Theaters And On To DVD". Cinema Blend. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Propst, Andy (April 1, 2011). "Gnomeo and Juliet, Featuring Elton John Songs, Set for May 24 DVD Release". Theater Mania. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gnomeo & Juliet Announced and Detailed for Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D". High-Def Digest. April 4, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ribera, J.C. (April 2, 2011). "Disney Brings Gnomeo & Juliet to Blu-ray and Blu-ray 3D". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Gnomeo and Juliet (2011)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Gnomeo and Juliet Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved February 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ben Riley-Smith (March 21, 2011). "'Mars Needs Moms': does flop mean 3D is history?". thefirstpost.co.uk. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Overseas Total Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "February 11–13, 2011 Weekend". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "February 18–20, 2011". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Overseas Total Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
Jump up ^ "February 11–13, 2011". Amazon.com. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gray, Brandon (February 13, 2011). "'Just,' 'Justin,' 'Juliet' Jumpin'". Amazon.com. Retrieved February 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Animation". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "GNOMEO AND JULIET". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Giardina, Carolyn (February 4, 2012). "'Rango' Wins Annie Award for Best Animated Feature". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Karger, Dave (December 13, 2011). "'The Artist' and 'Hugo' lead Broadcast Film Critics nominations". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Golden Globes 2012: The Winners List". The Hollywood Reporter. January 15, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "2011". International Press Academy. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (March 8, 2012). "Rocket Pictures Plots 'Gnomeo & Juliet' Sequel, With New Tunes By Elton John". Deadline. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (September 5, 2012). "John Stevenson Tapped To Direct 'Gnomeo & Juliet' Sequel 'Sherlock Gnomes'". Deadline. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ Robinson, Will (November 7, 2015). "Johnny Depp takes lead in Sherlock Gnomes". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ CS (November 10, 2015). "Paramount Animation Announces Release Dates". comingsoon.net. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Greg Evans (May 26, 2017). "Paramount Nudges 'Sherlock Gnomes' To Later Release Date". Deadline. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Gnomeo & Juliet
Gnomeo & Juliet on IMDb
Gnomeo & Juliet at AllMovie
Gnomeo & Juliet at Box Office Mojo
Gnomeo & Juliet at Rotten Tomatoes
Gnomeo & Juliet at Metacritic
[show]
v
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Kevin Cecil and Andy Riley
Television shows
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Radio
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Movies by Andy Riley
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[show]
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Films directed by Kelly Asbury
Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002)
Shrek 2 (2004)
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[show]
v
t
e
William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet
Characters
Romeo
Juliet
Mercutio
Tybalt
Benvolio
Friar Laurence
Nurse
Paris
Rosaline
Queen Mab
Atomy
Sources
The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet
Pyramus and Thisbe
Palace of Pleasure
Troilus and Criseyde
Ballets
Romeo and Juliet (1938, Prokofiev)
Romeo and Juliet (1962, Cranko)
Romeo and Juliet (1965, MacMillan)
Romeo and Juliet (1977, Nureyev)
Romeo and Juliet (1965, Lavery)
Radio and Juliet (2005)
Romeo + Juliet (2007, Martins)
Romeo and Juliet (2008, Pastor)
Operas
Romeo und Julie (1776, Benda)
Giulietta e Romeo (1796, Zingarelli)
Giulietta e Romeo (1825, Vaccai)
I Capuleti e i Montecchi (1830, Bellini)
Gloria (1874, Cilea)
Roméo et Juliette (1867, Gounod)
A Village Romeo and Juliet (1907, Delius)
Romeo und Julia (1940, Sutermeister)
Musicals
The Belle of Mayfair (1906)
West Side Story (1957)
Once on This Island (1990)
Roméo et Juliette, de la Haine à l'Amour (2001)
Giulietta e Romeo (2007)
Classical
Beethoven's String Quartet No. 1 (c. 1800)
Roméo et Juliette (1839, Berlioz)
Romeo and Juliet (1870, Tchaikovsky)
On screen
1900
1908
1916 Metro Pictures
1916 Fox
1936
1953
1954
1955
1964
1968
1978 (TV)
1992 (TV)
1996
2006
2007
2013
Film
adaptations
English
Beneath the 12-Mile Reef (1953)
Romanoff and Juliet (1961)
West Side Story (1961)
Gonks Go Beat (1965)
Lonesome Cowboys (1968)
Romie-0 and Julie-8 (TV; 1979)
The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet (1982)
Valley Girl (1983)
Bullies (1986)
China Girl (1987)
Romeo.Juliet (1990)
Tromeo and Juliet (1996)
Love Is All There Is (1996)
Rose by Any Other Name... (1997)
The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998)
Shakespeare in Love (1998)
The Magical Legend of the Leprechauns (1999)
Romeo Must Die (2000)
Brooklyn Babylon (2001)
Pizza My Heart (TV; 2005)
West Bank Story (2005)
Life and Lyrics (2006)
Romeo & Juliet: Sealed with a Kiss (2006)
Rome & Jewel (2006)
David & Fatima (2008)
The Cross Road (2008)
Vicious Circle (2008)
Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)
Private Romeo (2011)
Warm Bodies (2013)
Make Your Move (2013)
Romeo & Juliet (2013)
Hindi
Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981)
Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988)
Saudagar (1991)
Kuch Tum Kaho Kuch Hum Kahein (2002)
Bollywood Queen (2002)
Ishaqzaade (2012)
Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela (2013)
Issaq (2013)
Telugu
Maro Charitra (1978)
Akkada Ammayi Ikkada Abbayi (1996)
Kalisundam Raa (2000)
Maro Charitra (2010)
Spanish
Romeo and Juliet (1940)
Los Tarantos (1963)
30:e november (Swedish/Spanish 1995)
Amar te duele (2002)
Italian
Fury of Johnny Kid (1967)
Ma che musica maestro (1971)
Portuguese
Mônica e Cebolinha: No Mundo de Romeu e Julieta (1979)
O Casamento de Romeu e Julieta (2005)
Other
Ambikapathy (Tamil 1937)
Les amants de Vérone (French 1949)
Romeo, Juliet and Darkness (Czech 1960)
The Phantom Lover (Mandarin 1995)
Chicken Rice War (Cantonese/English 2000)
Ondagona Baa (Kannada 2003)
Mamay (Ukrainian 2003)
The District! (Hungarian 2004)
In Fair Palestine: A Story of Romeo and Juliet (2006)
The Bubble (Hebrew/Arabic 2006)
Priyatama (Marathi 2014)
Arshinagar (Bengali 2015)
Eeda (Malayalam 2017)
The Sea Prince and the Fire Child (Japanese 1981)
TV series
Sons and Daughters (1982)
Family and Friends (1990)
Villa Quintana (1995)
Yo amo a Paquita Gallego (1998)
Skin (2003)
A Touch Away (2006)
Dangerous (2007)
Romeo × Juliet (2007)
Romeo y Julieta (2007)
Saints & Sinners (2007)
Harina de otro costal (2010)
Villa Quintana (2013)
Westside (2013 pilot)
Star-Crossed (2014)
Still Star-Crossed (2017)
Plays
Romanoff and Juliet (1956)
Romeo and Juliet (2013)
Songs
Lan và Điệp (1930s)
"Montagues and Capulets" (1935)
"Fever" (1956)
Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet (1968)
"(Don't Fear) The Reaper" (1976)
"Angelo" (1978)
"Romeo and Juliet" (1978)
"Romeo and Juliet" (1981)
"Cherish" (1989)
"Amor Prohibido" (1994)
"Kissing You" (1996)
"Exit Music" (1997)
"Romeo and Juliet" (1998)
"Starcrossed" (2004)
"Peut-être toi" (2006)
"Mademoiselle Juliette" (2007)
"Love Story" (2008)
"Love Me Again"
"Laal Ishq"
"Mor Bani Thanghat Kare"
"Nagada Sang Dhol"
"Ram Chahe Leela" (2013)
Albums
Romeo and Juliet (1968)
Romeo + Juliet (1996)
Romeo & Julia (2006)
Tragic Lovers (2008)
Literature
Les Chouans
The Wandering Jew (1844)
The Stolen Dormouse (1941)
The Faraway Lurs (1963)
Romiette and Julio (2001)
New Moon (2006)
Warm Bodies (2010)
Art
Romeo and Juliet: the Tomb Scene (1790)
Romeo and Juliet (1978)
Phrases
"Star-crossed"
"A rose by any other name would smell as sweet"
Story within
a story
Nicholas Nickleby
1912 film
1947 film
1980 play
2001 film
2002 film
The Picture of Dorian Gray
1910 film
1913 film
1915 film
1916 film
1917 film
1918 film
1945 film
1976 TV special
2009 film
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[show]
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Disney theatrical animated features
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films
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Fun and Fancy Free (1947)
Melody Time (1948)
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Cinderella (1950)
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The Rescuers Down Under (1990)
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Hercules (1997)
Mulan (1998)
Tarzan (1999)
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Big Hero 6 (2014)
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Moana (2016)
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Song of the South (1946)
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Mary Poppins (1964)
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Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
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DisneyToon Studios
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A Goofy Movie (1995)
The Tigger Movie (2000)
Return to Never Land (2002)
The Jungle Book 2 (2003)
Piglet's Big Movie (2003)
Pooh's Heffalump Movie (2005)
Bambi II (2006)
Planes (2013)
Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014)
Other Disney units films
The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993)
James and the Giant Peach (1996)
Doug's 1st Movie (1999)
Recess: School's Out (2001)
Teacher's Pet (2004)
A Christmas Carol (2009)
Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)
Mars Needs Moms (2011)
Frankenweenie (2012)
Strange Magic (2015)
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