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List of amendments of the Constitution of India
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Constitution of India
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Concurrent List
Basic structure doctrine
Uniform civil code
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As of January 2018[update], there have been 123 Amendment Bills and 101 Amendment acts to the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950.[1]
There are two types of amendments to the constitution which are governed by article 368.
The first type includes amendments that can be effected by Parliament of India by a prescribed ‘special majority’; and
The second type of amendments includes those that require, in addition to such "special majority", ratification by at least one half of the State Legislatures.The second type amendments made to the constitution are amendments # 3, 6, 7, 8, 13, 14, 15, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 54, 61, 62, 70, 73, 74, 75, 79, 84, 88, 95, 99 and 101.[2]
Contents
1 List
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
List[edit]
No.
Amendments
Enforced since
Objectives
Prime Minister
1 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376.
Insert articles 31A and 31B.
Insert schedule 9.[3] 10th May 1951 Added special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech. A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights. These laws encroach upon property rights, freedom of speech and equality before law. Jawaharlal Nehru Rajendra Prasad
2 Amend article 81(1)(b).[4] 1 May 1953 Removed the upper population limit for a parliamentary constituency by amending Article 81(1)(b).
3 Amend schedule 7.[5] 22 February 1955 Re-enacted entry 33 of the Concurrent List in the Seventh Schedule with relation to include trade and commerce in, and the production, supply and distribution of 4 classes of essential commodities, viz., foodstuffs, including edible oil seeds and oils; cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates; raw cotton whether ginned or unginned, and cotton seeds; and raw jute.
4 Amend articles 31, 35 band 305.
Amend schedule 9.[6] 27 April 1955 Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in Schedule 9 of the constitution.
5 Amend article 3.[7] 24 December 1955 Empowered the President to prescribe a time limit for a State Legislature to convey its views on proposed Central laws relating to the formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States. Also permitted the President to extend the prescribed limit, and prohibited any such bill from being introduced in Parliament until after the expiry of the prescribed or extended period.
6 Amend articles 269 and 286.
Amend schedule 7.[8] 11 September 1956 Amend the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes.
7 Amend articles 1, 3, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and 232.
Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.[9] 1 November 1956 Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and introduction of Union Territories.
8 Amend article 334.[10] 5 January 1960 Extended the period of reservation of seats for the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Anglo-Indians in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies till 1970.
9 Amend schedule 1.[11] 28 December 1960 Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc.
10 Amend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.[12] 11 August 1961 Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal.
11 Amend articles 66 and 71.[13] 19 December 1961 Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college.
12 Amend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.[14] 20 December 1961 Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition from Portugal.
13 Amend article 170.
Insert new article 371A.[15] 1 December 1963 Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under Article 371A. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
14 Amend articles 81 and 240.
Insert article 239A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.[16] 28 December 1962 Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa.
15 Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316.
Insert article 224A.
Amend schedule 7.[17] 5 October 1963 Raise retirement age of High court judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalizing interpretation of rules regarding judges etc.
16 Amend articles 19, 84 and 173.
Amend schedule 3.[18] 5 October 1963 Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various obligtory templates.
17 Amend article 31A.
Amend schedule 9.[19] 20 June 1964 To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution.
18 Amend article 3.[20] 27 August 1966 Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3 and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories. Lal Bahadur Shastri
19 Amend article 324.[21] 11 December 1966 Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions by regular High Courts.
20 Insert article 233A.[22] 22 December 1966 Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting, promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed to overcome the effect of judgment invalidating appointments of certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
21 Amend schedule 8.[23] 10 April 1967 Include Sindhi as an Official Language. Indira Gandhi
22 Amend article 275.
Insert articles 244A and 371B.[24] 25 September 1969 Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam. V. V. Giri
23 Amend articles 330, 332, 333 and 334.[25] 23 January 1970 Discontinued reservation of seats for the Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, both in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative Assembly and stipulated that not more than one Anglo-Indian could be nominated by the Governor to any State Legislative Assembly. Extend reservation for SC/ST and Anglo Indian members in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for another ten years, i.e. up to 1980.
24 Amend articles 13 and 368.[26] 5 November 1971 Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights through amendments to the constitution.
25 Amend article 31.
Insert article 31C.[27] 20 April 1972 Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state takes over private property. However, the Supreme Court quashed a part of Article 31C, to the extent it took away the power of judicial review. This was done in the landmark case of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) 4 SCC 225 which for the first time enunciated the Basic structure doctrine.
26 Amend article 366.
Insert article 363A.
Remove articles 291 and 362.[28] 28 December 1971 Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states which were incorporated into the Indian Republic.
27 Amend articles 239A and 240.
Insert articles 239B and 371C.[29] 15 February 1972 Reorganization of Mizoram into a Union Territory with a legislature and council of ministers.
28 Insert article 312A.
Remove article 314.[30] 29 August 1972 Rationalize Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those appointed prior to Independence and post independence.
29 Amend schedule 9.[31] 9 June 1972 Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
30 Amend article 133.[32] 27 February 1973 Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial question of law.
31 Amend articles 81, 330 and 332.[33] 17 October 1973 Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased seats going to the new states formed in North East India and minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise.
32 Amend article 371.
Insert articles 371D and 371E.
Amend schedule 7.[34] 1 July 1974 Protection of regional rights in Telangana and Andhra regions of State of Andhra Pradesh.
33 Amend articles 101 and 190.[35] 19 May 1974 Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and acceptance of resignation by house speaker.
34 Amend schedule 9.[36] 7 September 1974 Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
35 Amend articles 80 and 81.
Insert article 2A.
Insert schedule 10.[37] 1 March 1975 Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the Union of India.
36 Amend articles 80 and 81.
Insert article 371F.
Remove article 2A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.
Remove schedule 10.[38] 26 April 1975 Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union.
37 Amend articles 239A and 240.[39] 3 May 1975 Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly.
38 Amend articles 123, 213, 239B, 352, 356, 359 and 360.[40] 1 August 1975 Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass ordinances.
39 Amend articles 71 and 329.
Insert article 329A.
Amend schedule 9.[41] 10 August 1975 Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad High Court invalidating Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial scrutiny of post of Prime Minister. The amendment was introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha on August 7, 1975 and again introduced and passed in the Rajya Sabha on August 8, 1975. As many as 17 State Assemblies, summoned on Saturday, August 9 ratified this amendment and President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad gave his assent on Sunday, August 10 and the civil servants issued gazette notification on Sunday, August 10, 1975. As a consequence of this amendment to the Constitution of India, Supreme Court of India's scheduled hearing on August 11, 1975 of Petition challenging Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election became infructuous.[42]
Later however, Article 329A was struck down by the Supreme Court in case of Indira Nehru Gandhi vs Shri Raj Narain 1976 (2) SCR 347, for being in violation of basic structure.
40 Amend article 297.
Amend schedule 9.[43] 27 May 1976 Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India.
Place land reform & other acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
41 Amend article 316.[44] 7 September 1976 Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and Members of Joint Public Service Commissions and State Public Service Commissions from sixty to sixty two.
42 Amend articles 31, 31C, 39, 55, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 100, 102, 103, 105, 118, 145, 150, 166, 170, 172, 189, 191, 192, 194, 208, 217, 225, 226, 227, 228, 311, 312, 330, 352, 353, 356, 357, 358, 359, 366, 368 and 371F.
Insert articles 31D, 32A, 39A, 43A, 48A, 131A, 139A, 144A, 226A, 228A and 257A.
Insert parts 4A and 14A.
Amend schedule 7.[45] 2 November 1976 Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the constitution by making India a "Socialist Secular" Republic.
However, the Supreme Court, in Minerva Mills v. Union of India, quashed the amendments to Articles 31C and 368 as it was in contravention with the basic structure of the Constitution.
43 Amend articles 145, 226, 228 and 366.
Remove articles 31D, 32A, 131A, 144A, 226A and 228A.[46] 13 April 1978 Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Repeals some of the more 'Anti-Freedom' amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42. Morarji Desai Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
44 Amend articles 19, 22, 30, 31A, 31C, 38, 71, 74, 77, 83, 103, 105, 123, 132, 133, 134, 139A, 150, 166, 172, 192, 194, 213, 217, 225, 226, 227, 239B, 329, 352, 356, 358, 359, 360 and 371F.
Insert articles 134A and 361A.
Remove articles 31, 257A and 329A.
Amend part 12.
Amend schedule 9.[47] 6 September 1978 Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in the Country. Provides for human rights safeguards and mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill 42.
45 Amend article 334.[48] 25 January 1980 Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 1990. Indira Gandhi
46 Amend articles 269, 286 and 366.
Amend schedule 7.[49] 2 February 1983 Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and applicability on Sales Tax. Zail Singh
47 Amend schedule 9.[50] 26 August 1984 Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
48 Amend article 356.[51] 26 August 1984 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years in the state of Punjab.
49 Amend article 244.
Amend schedules 5 and 6.[52] 11 September 1984 Recognize Tripura as a Tribal State and enable the creation of a Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council.
50 Amend article 33.[53] 11 September 1984 Technical Amendment to curtailment of Fundamental Rights as per Part III as prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security Personnel protecting property and communication infrastructure.
51 Amend articles 330 and 332.[54] 29 April 1984 Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh in Loksabha, similarly for Meghalaya and Arunachal in their Legislative Assemblies.
52 Amend articles 101, 102, 190 and 191.
Insert schedule 10.[55] 15 February 1985 Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification of members from parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to other. However, parts of the 10th Schedule to the Constitution of India was struck down by the Supreme Court in the case of Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachillhu 1992 SCR (1) 686, for being in contravention with Article 368 of the Constitution. Rajiv Gandhi
53 Insert article 371G.[56] 20 February 1986 Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.
54 Amend articles 125 and 221.
Amend schedule 2.[57] 1 April 1986 Increase the salary of Chief Justice of India & other Judges and to provide for determining future increases without the need for constitutional amendment.
55 Insert article 371H.[58] 20 February 1987 Special powers to Governor consequent to formation of state of Arunachal Pradesh.
56 Insert article 371I.[59] 30 May 1987 Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa.
57 Amend article 332.[60] 21 September 1987 Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assemblies. R. Venkataraman
58 Insert article 394A.
Amend part 22.[61] 9 December 1987 Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of constitution as on date and provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of future amendments.
59 Amend article 356.
Insert article 359A.[62] 30 March 1988 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years in the state of Punjab, Articles 352 and Article 359A amended to permit imposing emergency in state of Punjab or in specific districts of the state of Punjab.
60 Amend article 276.[63] 20 December 1988 Profession Tax increased from a minimum of Rs. 250/- to a maximum of Rs. 2500/-.
61 Amend article 326.[64] 28 March 1989 Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18.
62 Amend article 334.[65] 20 December 1989 Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2000. V. P. Singh
63 Amend article 356.
Remove article 359A.[66] 6 January 1990 Emergency powers applicable to State of Punjab, accorded in Article 359A as per amendment 59 repealed.
64 Amend article 356.[67] 16 April 1990 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years and six months in the state of Punjab.
65 Amend article 338.[68] 12 March 1990 National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes formed and its statutory powers specified in The Constitution.
66 Amend schedule 9.[69] 7 June 1990 Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
67 Amend article 356.[70] 4 October 1990 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years in the state of Punjab.
68 Amend article 356.[71] 12 March 1991 Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years in the state of Punjab.
69 Insert articles 239AA and 239AB.[72] 1 February 1992 To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union Territory. P. V. Narasimha Rao
70 Amend articles 54 and 239AA.[73] 21 December 1991 Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election.
71 Amend schedule 8.[74] 31 August 1992 Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as Official Languages. Shankar Dayal Sharma
72 Amend article 332.[75] 5 December 1992 Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Tripura State Legislative Assembly.
73 Insert part 9.[76] 24 April 1992 Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as third level of administration in villages.
74 Insert part 9A, amend article 280.[77] 1 June 1992 Statutory provisions for Local Administrative bodies as third level of administration in urban areas such as towns and cities.
75 Amend article 323B.[78] 15 May 1994 Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals.
76 Amend schedule 9.[79] 31 August 1994 Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act under 9th Schedule of the constitution.
77 Amend article 16.[80] 17 June 1995 A technical amendment to protect reservation to SC/ST Employees in promotions.
78 Amend schedule 9.[81] 30 August 1995 Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under Schedule 9 of the constitution.
79 Amend article 334.[82] 25 January 2000 Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten years i.e. up to 2010. Atal Bihari Vajpayee K. R. Narayanan
80 Amend articles 269 and 270.
Remove article 272.[83] 9 June 2000 Implement Tenth Finance Commission recommendation to simplify the tax structures by pooling and sharing all taxes between states and The Centre.
81 Amend article 16.[84] 9 June 2000 Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies.
82 Amend article 335.[85] 8 September 2000 Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other criteria in reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates.
83 Amend article 243M.[86] 8 September 2000 Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for Scheduled Castes in Panchayati Raj institutions.
84 Amend articles 55, 81, 82, 170, 330 and 332.[87] 21 February 2002 Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats.
85 Amend article 16.[88] 4 January 2002 A technical amendment to protect Consequential seniority in case of promotions of SC/ST Employees.
86 Amend articles 45 and 51A.
Insert article 21A.[89] 12 December 2002 Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early childhood care until the age of six. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
87 Amend articles 81, 82, 170 and 330.[90] 22 June 2003 Extend the usage of 2001 national census population figures for statewise distribution of parliamentary seats.
88 Amend article 270.
Insert article 268A.
Amend schedule 7.[91] 15 January 2004 To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax.
89 Amend article 338.
Insert article 338A.[92] 28 September 2003 The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes was bifurcated into The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
90 Amend article 332.[93] 28 September 2003 Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Bodoland Territory Area.
91 Amend articles 75 and 164.
Insert article 361B.
Amend schedule 10.[94] 1 January 2004 Restrict the size of council of ministers to 15% of legislative members & to strengthen Anti Defection laws.
92 Amend schedule 8.[95] 7 January 2004 Include Bodo, Dogri, Santali and Maithali as official languages.
93 Amend article 15.[96] 20 January 2006 1To enable provision of reservation(27%) for other backward classes (OBC) in government as well as private educational institutions. Manmohan Singh
94 Amend article 164.[97] 12 June 2006 To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh States including Madhya Pradesh, Orissa.
95 Amend article 334.[98] 25 January 2010 To extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok Sabha and states assemblies from Sixty years to Seventy years. Pratibha Patil
96 Amend schedule 8.[99] 23 September 2011 Substituted "Odia" for "Oriya".
97 Amend Art 19 and added Part IXB.[100] 12 January 2012 Added the words "or co-operative societies" after the word "or unions" in Article 19(l)(c) and insertion of article 43B i.e., Promotion of Co-operative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e., The Co-operative Societies.
The amendment objective is to encourage economic activities of cooperatives which in turn help progress of rural India. It is expected to not only ensure autonomous and democratic functioning of cooperatives, but also the accountability of the management to the members and other stakeholders.[101]
98 To insert Article 371J in the Constitution[102] 2 January 2013 To empower the Governor of Karnataka to take steps to develop the Hyderabad-Karnataka Region.[102] Pranab Mukherjee
99 Insertion of new articles 124A, 124B and 124C. Amendments to Articles 127, 128, 217, 222, 224A, 231.[103] 13 April 2015[104] Formation of a National Judicial Appointments Commission. 16 State assemblies out of 29 States including Goa, Rajasthan, Tripura, Gujarat and Telangana ratified the Central Legislation, enabling the President of India to give assent to the bill.[105] The amendment was struck down by the Supreme Court on 16 October 2015. Narendra Modi
100 Amendment of First Schedule to Constitution[106] 1 August 2015 Exchange of certain enclave territories with Bangladesh and conferment of citizenship rights to residents of enclaves consequent to signing of Land Boundary Agreement (LBA) Treaty between India and Bangladesh.
101 Addition of articles 246A, 269A, 279A. Deletion of Article 268A.
Amendment of articles 248, 249, 250, 268, 269, 270, 271, 286, 366, 368, Sixth Schedule, Seventh Schedule.[107]
1 July 2017 Introduced the Goods and Services Tax.
See also[edit]
Lawmaking procedure in India
List of Acts of the Parliament of India
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Sixty Eighth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Sixty Ninth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Seventieth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Seventy First Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Seventy Second Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Seventy Third Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Seventy Fourth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Seventy Fifth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Seventy Sixth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Seventy Seventh Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Seventy Eighth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Seventy Ninth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. 1999-10-21. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Eightieth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Eighty First Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. 1997-08-29. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Eighty Second Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Eighty Third Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Eighty Fourth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Eighty Fifth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. 2002-01-04. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Eighty Sixth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. 2002-12-12. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Eighty Seventh Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Eighty Eighth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. 2004-01-15. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Eighty Ninth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. 2003-09-28. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Ninetieth Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. 2004-09-28. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Ninety First Amendment (pdf)" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Texts of the Constitution Amendment Acts" (PDF). Lok Sabha Secretariat. pp. 672–673. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ninety Third Amendment". Indiacode.nic.in. 2006-01-20. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Ninety Fourth Amendment (pdf)" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-11-19.
Jump up ^ "Ninety Fifth Amendment (pdf)" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-12-27.
Jump up ^ "Ninety Sixth Amendment (pdf)" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-12-27.
Jump up ^ "Ninety Seventh Amendment (pdf)" (PDF). Retrieved 2011-12-27.
Jump up ^ "Ninety Seventh Amendment (PIB)".
^ Jump up to: a b "Ninety Eighth Third Amendment" (PDF). Ministry of Law and Justice (India). Retrieved 11 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Constitutions (Ninety-ninth) Amendment) Bill, 2014" (PDF). Govt, of India. Retrieved 15 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Constitution (Ninety-ninth Amendment) Act, 2014" (PDF). 1, Law Street. Retrieved 23 June 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/16-states-ratified-national-judicial-appointments-commission-bill-2014-1419859039-1
Jump up ^ "Prez assents: Constitution (One Hundredth Amendment) Act, 2015". 1, Law Street. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "One Hundred and One Amendment" (PDF). Retrieved 31 July 2017.
[[]]
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text:
I Know (You Don't Love Me No More)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Ya No" redirects here. For the song by Selena, see Amor Prohibido. For the song by Lucero, see Sólo Pienso En Ti (Lucero album). For the song by Ha*Ash, see Mundos Opuestos.
"I Know (You Don't Love Me No More)"
Single by Barbara George
from the album I Know (You Don't Love Me No More)
Released
1961
Format
Airplay, Promo single
Recorded
1961
Genre
R&B
Length
2:25
Label
A.F.O.
Songwriter(s)
Barbara George
Barbara George singles chronology
"I Know (You Don't Love Me No More)"
(1961) "You Talk About Love"
(1962)
"I Know (You Don't Love Me No More)"
(1962) "You Talk About Love"
(1962)
"I Know (You Don't Love Me No More)" is a R&B song written and performed by American singer Barbara George. It was released as her debut single in late 1961. This song became her signature song and her only major hit in United States, peaking at number 1 in the Billboard R&B singles chart and number 3 in the Pop Singles chart. The song was later covered by The Newbeats, Cher, Ike & Tina Turner, Bonnie Raitt, Anne Murray, Steve Marriott, Yvonne Fair, Felder's Orioles, and also a Spanish language version by Marisela was released in 1988.[1] The Shirelles borrowed the melody of "I Know" for their 1963 cover of "Everybody Loves A Lover".
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Marisela version
3 See also
4 References
Background[edit]
Barbara George began singing as a teen in her Baptist church choir and writing her own original songs. Already married by age 16, she later befriended R&B performer Jessie Hill, who wrangled her an audition with saxophonist/arranger Harold Battiste's fledgling AFO label. In June 1961, Battiste organized a split recording session for George and fellow AFO artist Prince La La at producer Cosimo Matassa's J&M Studios. Backed by New Orleans studio performers including cornetist Melvin Lastie, guitarist Roy Montrell, and drummer John Boudreaux, George cut the self-penned "I Know (You Don't Love Me No More)", a vibrant, up-tempo number inspired by the traditional hymn "Just a Closer Walk with Thee". Issued via AFO's national distribution deal with Juggy Murray's Sue Records, "I Know" hit radio and retail in late 1961 and was a national 'crossover' hit, topping the U.S. R&B charts and crossing over to number three on Billboard's pop countdown.[2][3]
Marisela version[edit]
In 1988, American singer Marisela recorded a cover version of the song for the soundtrack of the film Salsa. The original version recorded by Marisela was sung in English language and included on the film soundtrack, along with songs by Laura Branigan, Tito Puente, Robi Rosa, Wilkins and Grupo Niche.[4] A Spanish language version of the track, produced by Enrique Elizondo, was later included in Marisela's album of the same title, under the title "Ya No".[5] This version became her first number-one single in the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart, temporarily dislodging Franco's "María" for one week from the top of the chart.[6]
See also[edit]
List of number-one R&B singles of 1962 (U.S.)
List of number-one Billboard Top Latin Songs from the 1980s
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "I Know (You Don't Love Me No More) - Performers". Allmusic. Macromedia Corporation. Archived from the original on June 28, 2009. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ Ankeny, Jason. "Barbara George - Biography". Allmusic. Macromedia Corporation. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ "I Know (You Don't Love Me No More) - Week of January 27, 1962". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 1962-01-27. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ "Salsa (Original Soundtrack)". Allmusic. Macromedia Corporation. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ "Marisela (1989) - Marisela". Allmusic. Macromedia Corporation. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
Jump up ^ "Ya No - Week of October 1, 1988". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 1988-10-01. Retrieved 2009-06-28. [dead link]
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The Price Is Right models
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The American television game show The Price Is Right has, since its 1972 relaunch, employed a number of models to showcase the prizes and items that are given away on the show. From 1972 to 2007, the group was referred to as "Barker's Beauties," in reference to Bob Barker, who hosted the show during that period.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 1956–65
1.2 Nighttime versions
1.3 1972–present
2 List of models
3 Guest models
4 Announcer
5 Conflicts
5.1 With Barker
5.2 With other staff members
6 References
History[edit]
1956–65[edit]
The original Price Is Right also employed models. Usually, two models appeared per episode to model the prizes, much in the same tradition as the later incarnations. As is the case with the Carey-era of the current version, the models were not referred to specifically by a nickname.
June Ferguson and Toni Wallace were the regular models, staying with the program for its entire nine-year run. Various other models either assisted Ferguson and Wallace, or appeared during their absences.
Nighttime versions[edit]
The daytime models appeared on the 1970s syndicated nighttime version as well, with a few notable exceptions. Additional models besides Parkinson were also featured on the nighttime show, including Janice's sister Ann Pennington and a black model known only by her first name, Harriet.
On the 1985 syndicated version, Pennington, Parkinson, and Hallstrom appeared throughout the run. However, on the 1994 syndicated version, an entirely separate cast of models was featured: Julie Lynn Cialini, Ferrari Farris, and Lisa Stahl Sullivan.
Since the premiere of the CBS prime time series in 2002 and beginning with The Price Is Right $1,000,000 Spectaculars in 2003, there are often situations where four to seven models appear on each episode.
1972–present[edit]
Over 25 women have appeared as models on The Price Is Right since the program's premiere. For the first three years, there were two models – Janice Pennington and Anitra Ford. Dian Parkinson joined Pennington and Ford in 1975 after previously appearing periodically as a substitute model.
Ford left the program in 1976 and was later replaced by Holly Hallstrom who joined the cast in 1977. Pennington, Parkinson and Hallstrom appeared as the three main models on both the daytime and syndicated versions of the show from 1977–1993.
In December 1990, the three were joined by the program's first permanent African American model, Kathleen Bradley. During this period, Kyle Aletter appeared as the substitute model whenever one of the principal models was unable to appear in a given episode.
Parkinson left the show in 1993 "to pursue other interests" as stated by Barker, although speculation among some felt her departure was due to ongoing difficulties with Pennington. The following year, Parkinson filed a litigation suit claiming that Barker had been sexually harassing her beginning in the 1980s. Parkinson withdrew the suit in 1995.
Parkinson was replaced by several other women (including Cindy Margolis) until Gena Lee Nolin was hired in 1994. Hallstrom was dismissed from the show in 1995 by Barker on the basis of weight gain (due to prescription medication), although Hallstrom alleged that she was dismissed for her refusal to support Barker in his then-ongoing litigation with Parkinson. Barker sued Hallstrom for slander and libel and Hallstrom countersued Barker for wrongful termination and age, weight, and medical discrimination. Eventually, Hallstrom was awarded a multimillion-dollar settlement in 2005.
After Hallstrom's termination and Nolin's departure that same year, Chantel Dubay was hired as the third model in 1996. Dubay left the show in 1999 and was replaced by Nikki Ziering.
In 2000, Pennington and Bradley were dismissed from the program in (what was claimed as) an attempt to attract a younger demographic. Their dismissals came after Barker's failed lawsuit against Hallstrom. Both Pennington and Bradley filed for wrongful termination and settled out-of-court for an undisclosed amount.[1]
Pennington and Bradley were replaced by Heather Kozar and Claudia Jordan in 2000. Ziering and Kozar both left the program in 2002. At that time, Jordan became the only "permanent" model and was joined by a rotating cast of additional models.
Jordan's departure came in 2003 after she formally complained about racial discrimination on the set. Jordan filed for wrongful termination and racial discrimination and also received an out-of-court settlement. After Jordan's dismissal, The Price Is Right no longer featured the same model or group of models on a daily basis. In addition to several models who are more-or-less a permanent part of the cast, new models appeared every few weeks who sometimes eventually joined the rotation, or other times appeared for a single set of tapings. That procedure was changed in late 2008 as contracts expired.
The show has four permanent models: Rachel Reynolds, Amber Lancaster, Manuela Arbeláez and James O'Halloran. Each episode features two or three models. Occasionally only one model is present when appearing alongside a guest personality from a program either airing, produced, or distributed by CBS, or taped at CBS Television City.
The models are now referred as "The Price Is Right models" when making public appearances with Carey. As part of the change, starting in December 2009, the show's models are now listed in the show's full credit roll. Beginning with the 2010–11 season, the models wear microphones so they can be heard when they are talking with Carey or the contestant. On some episodes only two models are featured, with the announcer serving as a third model for games that feature three models.
Starting in 2012, the models added additional roles. Their roles expanded on the show's website, including model interviews to participating in their own "reality" web series, Male Model Search, where they served as judges (in 2012 and 2014). In a 2013 episode, they participated in an episode theme on April Fool's Day in which the models swapped roles with the host and announcer. In 2014, former Miss USA Shanna Moakler was one of the celebrity judges to select a new male model for the show.[2] Other judges included the show's executive producer Mike Richards and first male model Robert Scott Wilson.[3]
List of models[edit]
Name
Debut
Departure
Notes
Kyle Aletter 1981 1996 Substitute model
Manuela Arbeláez 2008 Present First Hispanic model; participated in 2008 model search; joined cast during Brandi Sherwood's pregnancy.
Kathleen Bradley 1990 2000 First permanent African American model on the daytime show.
Paige Brooks[4][better source needed] 2001 2002
Starr Campbell 2004 2005
Lanisha Cole 2003 2010 Later appeared as a model on Deal or No Deal from March to September 2006.
Phire Dawson 2005 2008
Chantel Dubay 1996 1999
Jennifer England 2002 2003
Anitra Ford 1972 1976
Lisa Gleave 2002 2003 Later appeared as a model on Deal or No Deal from December 2005 to May 2009.
Teri Harrison 2003 2005
Holly Hallstrom 1977 1995 Left in 1983, returned in 1984
Claudia Jordan 2001 2003 Later appeared as a model on Deal or No Deal from December 2005 to May 2009.
Lexie Karlsen 2001 2001
Heather Kozar 2001 2002
Amber Lancaster 2008 Present
Cindy Margolis 1995 1996 Substitute model
Tamiko Nash 2007 2009
Gena Lee Nolin 1994 1995
James O'Halloran 2014 Present Second permanent male model to be on the American version of the show; won the 2014 model search.
Gwendolyn Osborne 2005 2017
Dian Parkinson 1975 1993
Janice Pennington 1972 2000 Longest serving model in the show's history
Rebecca Mary Pribonic 2004 2006
Rachel Reynolds 2003 Present
Brandi Sherwood 2002 2009 Dismissed February 23, 2010; later filed lawsuit against FremantleMedia/RTL Group and CBS.[5]
Amanda Shiflett 2009 2009 Won model search contest
Shane Stirling 2002 2008
Gabrielle Tuite 2003 2008
Rob Wilson 2012 2014 First permanent male model to be on the American version of the show; won the 2012 model search.[6]
Natasha Yi 2005 2005 First Asian American model
Nikki Ziering 1999 2002
Guest models[edit]
In February 2006, supermodel Tyra Banks appeared as a guest model and assisted during two games.
Since Drew Carey became host in 2007, celebrities and sports professionals have appeared during specific segments (especially Showcases themed around the subject) on many episodes to promote prizes related to their professions, including Wayne Newton, Lou Ferrigno, Reba McEntire, Jim Nantz, Heidi Newfield, the United States women's national soccer team, Chuck Finley, James Corden, Edwin Aldrin, Jr., Carl Edwards, Kit Hoover, John McCook, Natalie Morales, Jake Paul, Katie Stam, Blake Shelton, Bomshel, and WWE Divas Kelly Kelly and the Bella Twins.
During season 37, manufacturers of products began offering their representatives to model the equipment, such as athletes signed to play with that brand's equipment or who represent a specific sports manufacturer, musicians under contract with the instrument's manufacturer or corporate representatives of another product or service. They have mostly appeared during One Bids but also during the Showcase. Carey will introduce the individual modeling the prize and their affiliation to the manufacturer or prize provider.
In both 2009 and 2010, Kathy Kinney appeared on the April Fool's Day episodes, reprising her role as Mimi Bobeck from The Drew Carey Show. In 2009, she appeared as a model, and in 2010, she acted as the executive producer, with the show's models trading places with three male staffers.
Occasionally, there is a crossover with other shows airing on, owned or distributed by CBS featuring actors of those shows modeling prizes. These crossovers have included The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, The Amazing Race, Let's Make a Deal, The Bold and the Beautiful, and The Young and the Restless. Tiffany Coyne (from Let's Make a Deal) filled in as the fifth model on some episodes which aired in March 2011. Daniel Goddard (Cane Ashby from The Young and the Restless) frequently crosses over as a guest model, especially when a Showcase skit necessitates, and when needed, for "masculine" prizes (motorcycles, trucks, et al.). Goddard's use as a crossover model resulted in the show standardizing the use of a male model.
In season 40 (2010), show model Rachel Reynolds and husband David Delucci, a former Major League Baseball player, modeled wedding formal wear.
The Mother's Day 2012 episode (May 11, 2012) featured special guests fitting with the theme. Florence Henderson and personal trainer Johannes Brugger (the show's first non-crossover or product-placement male guest model) appeared together. Also, the father and son combination of TNT NBA analyst Kenny Smith (a crossover with the CBS/Turner NCAA March Madness) and Malloy, the husband and son of show model Gwendolyn Osborne, appeared. And, as with Reynolds, they announced Gwendolyn's pregnancy.
During selected spring 2014 episodes, ballroom dancer Cheryl Burke, Carey's partner in season 18 of Dancing with the Stars, appeared on episodes and modeled prizes.
Announcer[edit]
The announcer models prizes such as men's watches, suits, and other accessories, a practice that began with original announcer Johnny Olson and has continued with his three successors (Rod Roddy, Rich Fields, and George Gray). The announcer also appeared in Showcase skits, sometimes modeling the prizes or playing a character in a story line. Starting in 2010, on episodes where two models appear in games typically featuring three models, the announcer will assume the third model's role and often is paired with another model when describing prizes. With a video screen added to the announcer's podium in 2011 tapings, a prize (or graphics for trips) may be displayed on the announcer's podium, and some prizes (such as a laptop computer) may be modeled by the announcer from his podium.
Conflicts[edit]
With Barker[edit]
In addition to the litigation suits, several other staff members have filed lawsuits against Barker and the program, alleging sexual harassment and wrongful termination.[7] After Parkinson brought forth sexual harassment allegations against Barker, he called a press conference to admit a past consensual sexual relationship with her.[8]
When asked in a USA Today interview about the four most famous Beauties (Bradley, Hallstrom, Parkinson, and Pennington), Barker replied, "They've been such a problem. I don't want to say anything about them. They're disgusting; I don't want to mention them." Barker gave praise to the rotating models featured during his last years as host of the program, calling them "the best models we've ever had."[9]
All lawsuits, except for Hallstrom's, were settled out of court. Barker himself dropped his slander suit against Hallstrom, who countersued and received millions in settlement.[10][11]
With other staff members[edit]
Two other Barker-era models who were added in the 2000s and went through the host transition have also filed lawsuits, with lawsuits targeting Executive Producer Mike Richards and producer Adam Sandler (not to be confused with the film star) for inappropriate behavior on the set.[12] Brandi Sherwood won her lawsuit against the show in November 2012, which pertained to the show terminating her while on maternity leave, and was awarded over $8,000,000 in damages, both punitive and personal.[13][14]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Jessica Su (October 16, 2004). "Bob Barker to face courtroom battle after model's suit ruled valid". Court TV. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Playmate News". Playboy. 62 (2): 124. March 2015.
Jump up ^ Clifford, Kambra (October 21, 2014). "'The Price Is Right' Launches Nationwide Male Model Search; EP Says Robert Scott Wilson Is 'A Tough Act to Follow!' By Kambra Clifford on Tuesday, October 21, 2014 @ 2:03 PM 1 Read more: 'The Price Is Right' Launches Nationwide Male Model Search; EP Says Robert Scott Wilson Is 'A Tough Act to Follow!'". soapoperanetwork.com. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Price Is Right Models Gallery: 2001 Model Search >> Paige Brooks". Retrieved 16 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Price Is Right' Suit". Retrieved 6 October 2012.
Jump up ^ The Price Is Right. Season 42. Episode 6702. 15 April 2014. CBS.
Jump up ^ Joanne Weintraub (May 9, 2007). "Barker still a prize: Durable host gave 'Price Is Right' a long spin". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved October 16, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Interview with Bob Barker". Larry King Live. 2002-12-26. CNN.
Jump up ^ William Keck (May 14, 2007). "The time is right for Barker". USA Today. Retrieved October 16, 2007. (sidebar: "Game Show Family Had Its Share of Losses, Turmoil")
Jump up ^ Mark Dawidziak (May 16, 2007). "Right time for farewell: Specials mark end of career for game-show host Bob Barker". The Plain Dealer. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2007.
Jump up ^ Roger Catlin (May 16, 2007). "The Time Is Right: At 83, Barker Departs 'Price Is Right', And CBS Reminiscences With Two Specials". Hartford Courant. Retrieved May 25, 2007. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "The Price Is Right" Model files lawsuit Archived September 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Elber, Lynn. "'The Price Is Right' Lawsuit: Model Brandi Cochran Wins Lawsuit Against Game Show". The Huffington Post. Associated Press. Retrieved 25 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Mosher, Chad (November 22, 2012). Former Price model awarded additional millions, executive producer Mike Richards comments. Buzzerblog. Retrieved November 25, 2012. Archived December 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
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Monatomic ion
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A monatomic ion is an ion consisting of exactly one atom. If an ion contains more than one atom, even if these are of the same element, it is called a polyatomic ion.[1] For example, calcium carbonate consists of the monatomic ion Ca2+ and the polyatomic ion CO32−.
A type I binary ionic compound contains a metal (cation) that forms only one type of ion. A type II ionic compound contains a metal that forms more than one type of ion, i.e., ions with different charges.
Common type I cations
Hydrogen H+
Lithium Li+
Sodium Na+
Potassium K+
Rubidium Rb+
Caesium Cs+
Magnesium Mg2+
Calcium Ca2+
Strontium Sr2+
Barium Ba2+
Aluminium Al3+
Silver Ag+
Zinc Zn2+
Common type II cations
iron(II) Fe2+ ferrous
iron(III) Fe3+ ferric
copper(II) Cu2+ cupric
copper(I) Cu+ cuprous
Common anions
hydride H−
fluoride F−
chloride Cl−
bromide Br−
iodide I−
oxide O2−
sulfide S2−
nitride N3−
phosphide P3−
See also[edit]
monatomic
polyatomic ion
References[edit]
Jump up ^ William Masterton; Cecile Hurley (24 January 2008). Chemistry: Principles and Reactions. Cengage Learning. p. 176. ISBN 0-495-12671-3.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monatomic_ion&oldid=813858864"
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This page was last edited on 5 December 2017, at 16:40.
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