text:
Central Park
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Central Park (disambiguation).
Central Park
The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary in the park's southeast corner
Location
Central Park (New York City)
Central Park (New York)
Central Park (the US)
Show map of Manhattan Show map of New York City Show map of New York Show map of the US Show all
Type
Urban park
Location
Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates
40°46′56″N 73°57′55″W / 40.78222°N 73.96528°W / 40.78222; -73.96528Coordinates: 40°46′56″N 73°57′55″W / 40.78222°N 73.96528°W / 40.78222; -73.96528
Area
843 acres (3.41 km2)[1]
Created
1857
Owned by
New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
Operated by
Central Park Conservancy
Visitors
about 37.5 million annually[2][3]
Status
Open all year
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
Architect
Frederick Law Olmsted (1822–1903), Calvert Vaux (1824–1895)
NRHP reference #
66000538
Significant dates
Added to NRHP
October 15, 1966[4]
Designated NHL
May 23, 1963
Central Park is an urban park in Manhattan, New York City, U.S. state of New York. It comprises 843 acres (341 ha) between the Upper West Side and Upper East Side, roughly bounded by Fifth Avenue on the east, Central Park West (Eighth Avenue) on the west, Central Park South (59th Street) on the south, and Central Park North (110th Street) on the north. Central Park is the most visited urban park in the United States, with 40 million visitors in 2013, and one of the most filmed locations in the world.
The park was established in 1857 on 778 acres (315 ha) of land acquired by the city. In 1858, landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and architect/landscape designer Calvert Vaux won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they titled the "Greensward Plan". Construction began the same year, and the park's first area was opened to the public in the winter of 1858. Construction north of the park continued during the American Civil War in the 1860s, and the park was expanded to its current size in 1873. After a period of decline in the early 20th century, Robert Moses started a program to clean up Central Park. Another decline in the late 20th century spurred the creation of the Central Park Conservancy in 1980, which refurbished many parts of the park during the 1980s and 1990s.
Central Park was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1962, which in April 2017 placed it on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage sites.[5] The park, managed for decades by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, is currently managed by the Central Park Conservancy under contract with the municipal government in a public-private partnership. The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes 75 percent of Central Park's $65 million annual budget and is responsible for all basic care of the 843-acre park.
Contents
[hide]
1 Description
2 History
2.1 Planning
2.2 Construction
2.3 First decline and renovation
2.4 The "Events Era" and second decline
2.5 Restoration and second renovation
2.5.1 1980s–90s renovations
2.5.2 2000s renovations
2.6 Post-renovation
3 Points of interest
3.1 Visitor attractions
3.2 Art and architecture
3.2.1 Sculptures
3.2.2 Structures and exhibitions
3.2.3 Other
3.3 Geographic features
3.3.1 Geology
3.3.2 Lakes
4 Wildlife
4.1 Flora
4.2 Fauna
5 Activities
5.1 Hobbies
5.2 Leisure tours
5.3 Sports
5.4 Attractions
5.5 Restaurants
5.6 Entertainment
6 Transportation
6.1 Public transport
6.2 Roads
6.2.1 Vertical drives
7 Issues
8 Gallery
9 Notes
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Description[edit]
Map of Central Park. Clicking on a feature in the picture causes the browser to load the appropriate article.
Central Park, which has been a National Historic Landmark since 1962, was designed by landscape architect and writer Frederick Law Olmsted and the English architect Calvert Vaux in 1858 after winning a design competition. They also designed Brooklyn's Prospect Park.[6][7][8] Central Park is one of the most famous sightseeing spots in New York. It is bordered on the north by Central Park North, on the south by Central Park South, on the west by Central Park West, and on the east by Fifth Avenue. Only Fifth Avenue along the park's eastern border retains its name; the other streets bordering the park (110th Street, 59th Street, and Eighth Avenue, respectively) change names while they are adjacent to the park. The park, with a perimeter of 6.1 miles (9.8 km),[9] was opened on 770 acres (3.1 km2) of land and was expanded to 843 acres (3.41 km2; 1.317 sq mi).[1][10] It is 2.5 miles (4 km) long between 59th Street (Central Park South) and 110th Street (Central Park North), and is 0.5 mile (0.8 km) wide between Fifth Avenue and Central Park West. Central Park constitutes its own United States census tract, number 143. According to American Community Survey 5-year estimates, the park's population was five people, all female, with a median age of 19.8 years.[11] However Central Park officials have rejected the claim of anyone permanently living there.[12] The real estate value of Central Park was estimated by property appraisal firm Miller Samuel to be about $528.8 billion in December 2005.[13]
Central Park's size and cultural position, similar to London's Hyde Park and Munich's Englischer Garten, has served as a model for many urban parks, including San Francisco's Golden Gate Park, Tokyo's Ueno Park, and Vancouver's Stanley Park. The park, which receives approximately 35 million visitors annually,[14] is the most visited urban park in the United States.[15] It is also the most filmed location in the world. A December 2017 report found that 231 movies have used Central Park for on-location shoots, more than the 160 movies that have filmed in Greenwich Village or the 99 movies that have filmed in Times Square.[16]
The park is maintained by the Central Park Conservancy, a private, not-for-profit organization that manages the park under a contract with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation,[17] in which the president of the Conservancy is ex officio Administrator of Central Park. Today, the conservancy employs 80% of maintenance and operations staff in the park. It effectively oversees the work of both the private and public employees under the authority of the Central Park administrator (publicly appointed), who reports to the parks commissioner, conservancy's president. As of 2007[update], the conservancy had invested approximately $450 million in the restoration and management of the park; the organization presently contributes approximately 85% of Central Park's annual operating budget of over $37 million.[17] The system was functioning so well that in 2006 the conservancy created the Historic Harlem Parks initiative, providing horticultural and maintenance support and mentoring in Morningside Park, St. Nicholas Park, Jackie Robinson Park, and Marcus Garvey Park.[18]
The park has its own New York City Police Department precinct, the Central Park Precinct, which employs both regular police and auxiliary officers. In 2005, safety measures held the number of crimes in the park to fewer than one hundred per year (down from approximately 1,000 annually in the early 1980s). The New York City Parks Enforcement Patrol also patrols Central Park. There is an all-volunteer ambulance service, the Central Park Medical Unit, that provides free emergency medical service to patrons of Central Park and the surrounding streets. It operates a rapid-response bicycle patrol, particularly during major events such as the New York City Marathon, the 1998 Goodwill Games, and concerts in the park.
While planting and land form in much of the park appear natural, it is in fact almost entirely landscaped. The park contains several natural-looking lakes and ponds that have been created artificially by damming natural seeps and flows. There is a large area of woods in addition to seven major lawns, the "meadows",[19] and many minor grassy areas; some of them are used for informal or team sports and some set aside as quiet areas; there are a number of enclosed playgrounds for children. The 6 miles (9.7 km) of drives within the park are used by joggers, cyclists, skateboarders, and inline skaters, especially when automobile traffic is prohibited, on weekends and in the evenings after 7:00 pm.
Panoramic view of Central Park from Rockefeller Center
Central Park in 2004
History[edit]
See also: History of New York City
Planning[edit]
View in Central Park NY 1861 Mt. St. Vincent
John Randel's survey bolt
One of 36 bridges in the park
Bethesda Terrace and Fountain
Between 1821 and 1855, New York City nearly quadrupled in population. As the city expanded northward up Manhattan Island, people were drawn to the few existing open spaces, mainly cemeteries, to get away from the noise and chaotic life in the city. Since Central Park was not part of the original Commissioners' Plan of 1811, John Randel, Jr., surveyed the grounds. The only remaining surveying bolt from his survey is embedded in a rock located north of the present Dairy and the 65th Street Transverse, and south of Center Drive. The bolt marks the location where West 65th Street would have intersected Sixth Avenue.[20]
New York City's need for a great public park was resounded by the famed poet and editor of the Evening Post (now the New York Post), William Cullen Bryant, as well as by the first American landscape architect, Andrew Jackson Downing, who predicted and began to publicize the city's need for a public park in 1844. A stylish place for open-air driving, similar to Paris' Bois de Boulogne or London's Hyde Park, was felt to be needed by many influential New Yorkers, and, after an abortive attempt in 1850–1851 to designate Jones's Wood, in 1853 the New York legislature settled upon a 700-acre (280 ha) area from 59th to 106th Streets for the creation of the park, at a cost of more than US$5 million for the land.[21][22][23]
Portrait of Frederick Law Olmsted by John Singer Sargent, (1895)
The state appointed a Central Park Commission to oversee the development of the park, and in 1857 the commission held a landscape design contest. Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux developed what came to be known as the "Greensward Plan", which was selected as the winning design. According to Olmsted, the park was "of great importance as the first real Park made in this country – a democratic development of the highest significance...", a view probably inspired by his various trips to Europe during 1850[24] (he had visited several parks during these trips and was particularly impressed by Birkenhead Park and Derby Arboretum in England).[25][26] The Greensward Plan called for some 36 bridges, all designed by Vaux, ranging from rugged spans of Manhattan schist or granite, to lacy Neo-Gothic cast iron; no two are alike. The ensemble of the formal line of the Mall's doubled allées of elms culminating at Bethesda Terrace, whose centerpiece is the Bethesda Fountain, with a composed view beyond of lake and woodland, was at the heart of the larger design. Execution of the Greensward Plan was the responsibility of a number of individuals, including Jacob Wrey Mould (architect), Ignaz Anton Pilat (master gardener), George E. Waring, Jr. (engineer), and Andrew Haswell Green (politician), in addition to Olmsted and Vaux.[21][22][23]
Several influences came together in the design. Landscaped cemeteries, such as Mount Auburn (Cambridge, Massachusetts) and Green-Wood (Brooklyn, New York) had set examples of idyllic, naturalistic landscapes. The most influential innovations in the Central Park design were the "separate circulation" systems for pedestrians, horseback riders, and pleasure vehicles. The "crosstown" commercial traffic was entirely concealed in sunken roadways (today called "transverses"), screened with densely planted shrub belts so as to maintain a rustic ambiance.
Construction[edit]
A map of Central Park from 1875
From 1864 to 1934, a flock of pedigree Southdown and Dorset sheep grazed in the Sheep Meadow. They were removed to Prospect Park in Brooklyn in 1934.
Children's festival in Central Park, sponsored by the Federal Art Project, September 1938
In 1850, the land was occupied by free blacks and Irish immigrants who had purchased land, where they raised livestock, built churches and cemeteries, and had lived as a community for close to 50 years.[27] Before the construction of the park could start, the area had to be cleared of its inhabitants.[28] Rossi states that part of the impetus to schemes such as Central Park and others was to remove what they incorrectly deemed as shanty towns and their denizens.[29] However, most lived in small villages, such as Harsenville,[30] the Piggery District,[31] or Seneca Village; or in the school and convent at Mount St. Vincent's Academy. Approximately 1,600 residents were evicted under the rule of eminent domain during 1857. Seneca Village and parts of the other communities were razed to make room for the park.[32] In addition, when the commission finally submitted its report for public examination on October 4, 1855, taxpayers learned that they would be paying $5 million just for the park land, more than three times what they had been told the completed park as a whole would cost. At the same time, the offsetting revenue from property taxes of adjacent land came to $1.7 million, or one-third of the purchase price, and was considerably less than earlier estimates.[33]
During the park's construction, Olmsted battled with the park commissioners, many of them also politicians. In 1860, he was forced out for the first of many times as Central Park's superintendent, and Andrew Haswell Green, the former president of New York City's Board of Education took over as the commission's chairman.[34] Despite his having relatively little experience, Green managed to accelerate the construction. Green also finalized the negotiations to purchase an additional 65 acres (260,000 m2) at the north end of the park, between 106th and 110th Streets, which would be used as the "rugged" part of the park, its swampy northeast corner dredged, and reconstructed as the Harlem Meer.[35][36]
Between 1860 and 1873, most of the major hurdles to construction were overcome, and the park was substantially completed. Construction combined the modern with the ageless: up-to-date steam-powered equipment and custom-designed wheeled tree-moving machines augmented massive numbers of unskilled laborers wielding shovels. The work was extensively documented with technical drawings and photographs. During this period, more than 18,500 cubic yards (14,100 m3) of topsoil had been transported from New Jersey, because the original soil was neither fertile nor sufficiently substantial to sustain the various trees, shrubs, and plants called for by the Greensward Plan. When the park was officially completed in 1873, more than 10 million cartloads of material had been transported out of the park, including soil and rocks, and more than four million trees, shrubs, and plants representing approximately 1,500 species were transplanted to the park. More gunpowder was used to clear the area than was used at the Battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War.[37]
A proposal to have ornate, European-style entrances to the park was opposed by Olmsted and Vaux, who intended for the park's unadorned entrances to signal "that all were welcome, regardless of rank or wealth."[38] The park's commissioners assigned a name to each of the original 18 gates in 1862. The names were chosen to represent the broad diversity of New York City's trades; for example, "Mariner's Gate" for the entrance at 85th Street and Central Park West.[38] The majority of entrances did not receive an inscription, however, until a park restoration effort in 1999.[38]
Sheep grazed on the Sheep Meadow from the 1860s until 1934, when they were moved to Prospect Park in Brooklyn and soon thereafter moved to a farm near Otisville, New York, in the Catskill Mountains.[39] It was feared they would be used for food by impoverished Depression-era New Yorkers.[40]
First decline and renovation[edit]
Following completion, the park quickly slipped into decline. One of the main reasons for this was the lack of interest from the Tammany Hall political machine, which was the largest political force in New York at the time. Around the turn of the 20th century, the park faced several new challenges. Cars were becoming commonplace, bringing with them their burden of pollution, and people's attitudes were beginning to change. No longer were parks to be used only for walks and picnics in an idyllic environment but also for sports and similar recreation. Following the dissolution of the Central Park Commission in 1870 and Andrew Green's departure from the project, and Vaux's death in 1895, the maintenance effort gradually declined. All of this changed in 1934, when Republican Fiorello La Guardia was elected mayor of New York City and unified the five park-related departments then in existence. Robert Moses was given the task of cleaning up the park. Moses, about to become one of the most powerful men in New York City, took over what was essentially a relic, a leftover from a bygone era.[41]
According to historian Robert Caro:
Lawns, unseeded, were expanses of bare earth, decorated with scraggly patches of grass and weeds, that became dust holes in dry weather and mud holes in wet... The once beautiful Mall looked like a scene of a wild party the morning after. Benches lay on their backs, their legs jabbing at the sky...[42]:334
In a single year, Moses managed to clean up Central Park and other parks in New York City. Lawns and flowers were replanted, dead trees and bushes were replaced, walls were sandblasted, and bridges were repaired. Another dramatic change was Moses's removal of the "Hoover valley" shantytown, whose site was transformed into the 30 acres (12 ha) Great Lawn.[43] Major redesigning and construction also was carried out: for instance, the Croton Lower Reservoir was filled in so the Great Lawn could be created. The Greensward Plan's purpose of creating an idyllic landscape was combined with Moses' vision of a park to be used for recreational purposes: 19 playgrounds, 12 ball fields, and handball courts were constructed. Moses managed to secure funds from the New Deal program, as well as donations from the public.[44] He also created the 67th Street Transverse, widened West Drive, and evicted the sheep from Sheep Meadow.[42]:984
Lower end of mall in 1901
Play media
Skating in Central Park, a movie by Frank S. Armitage, American Mutoscope and Biograph, 1900. Collection of EYE Film Institute Netherlands.
Brooklyn Museum collection: "Early Spring Afternoon – Central Park" (1911) by Willard Leroy Metcalf
Belvedere Castle, Central Park, built 1869
The "Events Era" and second decline[edit]
Central Park in May 1940
The Dairy, pictured in modern times
Look out point on the lake at Central Park, one of four rustic landing stages on the Lake
Looking west out of Central Park in November 2001
The 1960s marked the beginning of an "Events Era" in Central Park that reflected the widespread cultural and political trends of the period. The Public Theater's annual Shakespeare in the Park festival was settled in the Delacorte Theater in 1961, and summer performances were instituted on the Sheep Meadow, and then on the Great Lawn by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra and the Metropolitan Opera. During the late 1960s, the park became the venue for rallies and cultural events such as the "Love-ins" and "Be-Ins" of the period. In 1966, Mayor John Lindsay, an avid cyclist, initiated a weekend ban on automobiles in Central Park for the enjoyment of cyclists and public alike – a policy that continues.[45] Increasingly through the 1970s, the park became a venue for events of unprecedented scale, including rallies, demonstrations, festivals, and concerts.
Despite the increasing numbers of visitors to the park, Robert Moses' departure in 1960 marked the beginning of a 20-year period of decline in its management. The city was experiencing economic and social changes, with some residents leaving the city and moving to the suburbs in the wake of increased crime. The Parks Department, suffering from budget cuts, responded by opening the park to any and all activities that would bring people into it, without adequate oversight and maintenance follow-up. Some of these events nevertheless became milestones in the social history of the park and in the cultural history of the city.[46]
By the mid-1970s, however, managerial neglect was taking a toll on the park's condition. "Years of poor management and inadequate maintenance had turned a masterpiece of landscape architecture into a virtual dustbowl by day and a danger zone by night", in the opinion of Douglas Blonsky, a president of the Central Park Conservancy.[18] Vandalism, territorial use (e.g. a pick-up game of softball or association football, which commandeered open space and excluded others), and illicit activities were taking place in the park. Several volunteer citizen groups emerged, intent upon reclaiming the park by fundraising and organizing volunteer initiatives. One of these groups, the Central Park Community Fund, commissioned a study of the park's management. The study's conclusion was bi-linear; it called for establishment of a single position within the New York City Parks Department, responsible for overseeing both the planning and management of Central Park, as well as a board of guardians to provide citizen oversight.[46]
In 1979, Parks Commissioner Gordon Davis established the Office of Central Park Administrator, appointing to the position the executive director of another citizen organization, the Central Park Task Force.[46] The Central Park Conservancy was founded the following year, to support the office and initiatives of the administrator and to provide consistent leadership through a self-perpetuating, citizen-based board that also would include as ex-officio trustees, the Parks Commissioner, the Central Park Administrator, and mayoral appointees.[46]
Restoration and second renovation[edit]
Under the leadership of the Central Park Conservancy, the park's reclamation began with modest but highly significant first steps, addressing needs that could not be met within the existing structure and resources of the parks department. Interns were hired and a small restoration staff to reconstruct and repair unique rustic features, undertaking horticultural projects, and removing graffiti under the broken windows theory.[46] The state of the park has improved since the 1970s, according to Conservancy president Douglas Blonsky:
Graffiti doesn't last 24 hours in Central Park; visible litter gets carted off by 9 each morning and throughout the day. Our workers empty trash receptacles daily (at least) and maintain lawns with tremendous care. Broken benches and playground equipment get fixed on the spot.[18]
1980s–90s renovations[edit]
The Great Lawn before renovations in the late 1970s...
... and after renovations in the 1980s.
By 1980, the Conservancy was also engaged in design efforts and long-term restoration planning, using both its own staff and external consultants. It provided the impetus and leadership for several early restoration projects funded by the city, preparing a comprehensive plan for rebuilding the park. The restoration was accompanied by a crucial restructuring of management, whereby the park was subdivided into zones, to each of which a supervisor was designated, responsible for maintaining restored areas. That year, the Dairy (which was originally designed as a refreshment stand and rest spot) was transformed into the park's first visitor's center, with the Conservancy using it to revitalize public interest in the park through exhibits, music series, and children's programs. The first landscape to be restored was the Sheep Meadow, primarily with funds provided by New York State. During the next few years, Bethesda Terrace and Fountain, Belvedere Castle, and the East Green were restored.
Bethesda Fountain, which had been dry for decades, was restored in 1980–81[47] and the Terrace was restored a year later, its stonework disassembled, cleaned, deteriorated surfaces removed, restored, patched, and reset. Resodding, and fifty new trees, 3,500 shrubs and 3,000 ground cover plants specified by Philip Winslow followed in 1986,[48] most of which, having matured into dense blocks, were removed in 2008, to make way for plants native to the United States. Around the same time, the Belvedere Castle, which had been closed for many years, was renovated and reopened on May 1, 1983, as the Henry Luce Nature Observatory.
By 1982, the Chess & Checkers House and Frisbee Hill had been restored; thousands of shrubs and flowers asserted the park as a horticultural showpiece. To tend to those plants, more than 1,900 volunteers contributed more than 4,000 hours of work in the park. On completion of the planning stage in 1985, the conservancy launched its first capital campaign, assuming increasing responsibility for funding the park's restoration, and full responsibility for designing, bidding, and supervising all capital projects in the park.[46] The Conservancy launched its first fundraising campaign in 1986, mapping out a 15-year restoration plan that sought to remain true to the original design. Over the next several years, Campaign for the Central Park Conservancy restored landmarks in the southern part of the park – Grand Army Plaza,[49] Shakespeare Garden, and Cedar Hill. By 1988, Conservancy volunteers logged more than 13,000 hours in the park, with the organization's volunteer program winning a citation for excellence from the White House.
View of Heckscher Playground and skyline from Rat Rock (April 2015)
In the early 1990s, the Conservancy announced a $50 million capital campaign to focus on improvements to the northern end of the park. Efforts culminated in the restoration of the Mall and Concert Ground, Harlem Meer, and the Ravine in the North Woods. The Conservancy's work on the Meer and the Charles A. Dana Discovery Center was subsequently honored with three awards: the 1994 New York City Landmarks Preservation Award, the American Society of Landscape Architects' Design Merit Award and the Victorian Society's Citation of Merit. In 1996, the Conservancy embarked on its most ambitious landscape restoration: the overhaul of the 55 acres (22 hectares) including and surrounding the Great Lawn and Turtle Pond (formerly the Great Lawn and the Belvedere Lake).[50] The project was the centerpiece of the Conservancy's three-year Wonder of New York Campaign, which raised $71.5 million and also helped restore southern and westside landscapes, as well as the North Meadow. The Great Lawn project was completed in 1997, featuring new amenities to encourage passive and active recreation as well as nature appreciation.
Citywide budget cuts in the early 1990s, however, resulted in attrition of the park's routine maintenance staff, and the conservancy began hiring staff to replace these workers. Management of the restored landscapes by the conservancy's "zone gardeners" proved so successful that core maintenance and operations staff were reorganized in 1996. The zone-based system of management was implemented throughout the park, which was divided into 49 zones. Zone gardeners supervise volunteers assigned to them; these volunteers commit to a consistent work schedule and are supported by specialized crews in areas of maintenance requiring specific expertise or equipment, or more effectively conducted on a park-wide basis. In 2007, there were 3,000 volunteers compared to just under 250 paid workers in the park.[46][18]
2000s renovations[edit]
Central Park after renovations
Conservatory Water after renovation
Renovated Bethesda Fountain Plaza in 2010
Oak Bridge spanning Bank Rock Bay was replaced in 2009 following Calvert Vaux's original design of 1860
Renovations continued through the early 2000s. In 2000 the Conservatory Water opened after a six-month restoration effort, with a $4 million project beginning on the 59th Street Pond, one of the park's most visible and heavily used landscapes. A new Reservoir fence was installed in 2003 under a $2 million capital project that replaced the old chain-link fence with a replica of the 8,000-foot long steel and cast-iron one that had enclosed the Reservoir in 1926. The new fence, along with removal of invasive trees and shrubs, restored the panoramic views of the park and Manhattan skyline.
Another ambitious restoration effort began in 2004, when Conservancy staff and contractors worked together to refurbish the 15,876 Minton tiles that hang on the ceiling of the Bethesda Arcade. Originally designed by Calvert Vaux and Jacob Wrey Mould, the ceiling of the Arcade is lined by 15,876 elaborately patterned encaustic tiles. Made by Minton and Company, a leading 19th-century ceramic manufacturer in England, the ceiling tiles are divided into 49 panels, each containing 324 tiles. Salt and water infiltration from the roadway above had badly damaged the tiles, leaving their backing plates so corroded they had to be removed in the 1980s.[51] The tiles sat in storage for more than 20 years until the Conservancy received a generous private donation for their restoration. The Conservancy embarked on a $7 million restoration effort to return the Minton tiles to their original luster in 2004. A team of seven conservation technicians cleaned and repaired more than 14,000 original tiles by hand. Only three panels of replica tiles were needed to replace those that had been damaged beyond repair. For those recreations, the Conservancy decided to commission Maw and Company, Minton's successor in Stoke-on-Trent, England. The completed Bethesda Terrace Arcade was unveiled to much fanfare in March 2007. In 2006, the Conservancy completed a nine-month renovation of the Mall in a project that returned the landscape to its original character and ensured the protection of its great American Elms.
The Lake was the last of Central Park's bodies of water to be renovated by the Central Park Conservancy, in a project to enhance both its ecological[note 1] and scenic aspects. In the summer of 2007, the first phase of a restoration of the Lake and its shoreline plantings commenced, with replanting using native shrubs and understory trees around the northern end of the Lake, from Bank Rock Bay – a narrow cove in the northwest corner that had become a silted-up algae-covered stand of aggressively invasive Phragmites reeds – to Bow Bridge, which received replicas of its four original Italianate cast-iron vases, overspilling with annuals. In the earliest stages, invasive non-native plants like Japanese knotweed were eradicated, the slopes were regraded with added humus and protected with landscaping burlap to stabilize the slopes while root systems became established and leaf litter developed.
During the same time, Bank Rock Bridge, also called Cabinet Bridge, across the mouth of the cove was recreated in carved oak with cast-iron panels and pine decking, its original materials, following Vaux's original design of 1859–60.[52] The cascade, where the Gill empties into the lake, was reconstructed to approximate its dramatic original form, inspired by paintings of Asher B. Durand. Sections of the Lake were dredged of accumulated silt – topsoil that had washed off the surrounding slopes – and the island formerly in the lake, which gradually eroded below water level, was reconstructed in the summer of 2007 with rugged boulders along its shoreline, graded wetland areas, and submerged planting shelves for water-loving native plants, like Pickerel weed.[53]
Oak Bridge, the major entrance to the Ramble from the Upper West Side, spans Bank Rock Bay in the Lake's northwest corner; the long-lost picturesque feature was recreated in 2009 based on Calvert Vaux's original drawings. The bridge, built in 1860 of white oak with decorative openwork panels of cast iron, has been recreated in steel clad in ornamental cast iron facings, with wooden deck and railings. Restoration of further sections of the Lake's shoreline landscapes was undertaken, and the first renovated sections were opened to visitors in April 2008.[54]
Post-renovation[edit]
On October 23, 2012, hedge fund manager John A. Paulson announced a $100 million gift to the Central Park Conservancy, the largest ever monetary donation to New York City's park system.[55]
Since the 1960s, there has been a grassroots campaign to restore the park's loop drives to their original car-free state. Over the years, the number of car-free hours[56] has increased, though a full closure is currently resisted by the New York City Department of Transportation. Legislation was proposed in October 2014 to conduct a study to make the park car-free in summer 2015.[57] In 2015, Mayor Bill de Blasio announced the permanent closure of West and East Drives north of 72nd Street to vehicular traffic as it was proven that closing the roads did not adversely impact traffic.[58] The law was to take into effect permanently north of 72nd Street.[59]
Central Park panorama
Points of interest[edit]
Visitor attractions[edit]
Visitor attractions include:
Arsenal
Ballplayers House
Belvedere Castle
Bethesda Terrace and Fountain
Blockhouse
Burnett Memorial Fountain
Carousel
Delacorte Theater
Diana Ross Playground
Fort Clinton
Harlem Meer and Dana Discovery Center
Lasker Rink
Mall
Marionette Theatre
McGowan's Pass
Metropolitan Museum of Art
Pug Hill
Rumsey Playfield
Tavern on the Green
Victorian Gardens
Wollman Rink
Zoo
Art and architecture[edit]
Sculptures[edit]
Main article: List of sculptures in Central Park
Cleopatra's Needle, Central Park, carved c. 1450 B.C. for Thutmose III, hieroglyphs inscribed c. 1250 B.C. for Rameses II
A total of 29 sculptures by sculptors such as Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Emma Stebbins, and John Quincy Adams Ward have been erected over the years, most donated by individuals or organizations. Much of the first statuary placed was of authors and poets, in an area now known as Literary Walk. Some of the sculptures are:
Alice in Wonderland Margaret Delacorte Memorial (1959), a sculpture of Alice by sculptor José de Creeft, landscape architect Hideo Sasaki, and designer Ferando Texidor at the Central Park Conservatory Pond
Angel of the Waters at Bethesda Terrace by Emma Stebbins (1873), the first large public sculpture commission for an American woman
Balto (1925), a statue of Balto, the sled dog who became famous during the 1925 serum run to Nome
Duke Ellington Memorial (dedicated in 1997), by sculptor Robert Graham, near Fifth Avenue and 110th Street, in the Duke Ellington Circle
King Jagiello Monument, a bronze monument on the east end of Turtle Pond
Structures and exhibitions[edit]
Victory Leading Sherman
Strawberry Fields
Cleopatra's Needle is a red granite obelisk. The "Cleopatra's Needle" in Central Park is one of three; there also is one in Paris and one in London. Each obelisk is approximately 68–69 feet tall and weigh about 180 tons. They originally were erected at the Temple of Ra in Heliopolis in Ancient Egypt around 1450 BC by the Pharaoh Thutmose III. The hieroglyphs were inscribed about two hundred years later by Pharaoh Rameses II to glorify his military victories. The obelisks were all moved during the reign of Roman Emperor Augustus Caesar when Ancient Egypt was under the control of Rome. They were brought to Alexandria and erected as tribute to Julius Caesar, in front of the Caesarium, a temple originally built by Cleopatra VII of Egypt in honor of Mark Antony, thus the name "Cleopatra's Needle".[60]
There are two versions of how the Central Park Cleopatra's Needle made its way to Central Park: either it was a gift from the Khedive of Egypt, Isma'il Pasha, or it was stolen through the machinations of William H. Vanderbilt who paid the tab to have the obelisk shipped to New York and erected. The obelisk arrived in New York in July 1880; it took thirty-two horses hitched in sixteen pairs to pull the obelisk to the park. It was erected in an official ceremony on January 22, 1881.
Strawberry Fields: On October 9, 1985, on what would have been John Lennon's 45th birthday, New York City dedicated 2.5 acres (1.0 hectare) to his memory. Countries from all around the world contributed trees, and Italy donated the iconic "Imagine" mosaic. It has since become the site of impromptu memorial gatherings for other notables, and in the days following the September 11, 2001 attacks, candlelight vigils were held there.
The Gates: For sixteen days in 2005 (February 12–27), Central Park was the setting for Christo and Jeanne-Claude's installation The Gates.[61] Although the project was the subject of mixed reactions (and it took many years for Christo and Jeanne-Claude to get the necessary approvals), it was nevertheless a major, if temporary, draw for the park.[62]
Other[edit]
George Delacorte Musical Clock, a gift George T. Delacorte dedicated in 1965 that is mounted above the arcade between the Wildlife Center and the Children's Zoo in Manhattan's Central Park[63]
Geographic features[edit]
Geographic features include:
Cedar Hill
Cherry Hill
Conservatory Garden
Conservatory Water
Great Lawn / Turtle Pond
Harlem Meer
Onassis Reservoir
The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary
The Ramble and Lake
Sheep Meadow
Geology[edit]
East side of Rat Rock
Congregating at the top of Rat Rock
There are four different types of bedrock in Manhattan. In Central Park, Manhattan schist and Hartland schist, which are both metamorphosed sedimentary rock, are exposed in various outcroppings. The other two types, Fordham gneiss (an older deeper layer) and Inwood marble (metamorphosed limestone which overlays the gneiss), do not surface in the park.[64] Fordham gneiss, which consists of metamorphosed igneous rocks, was formed a billion years ago, during the Grenville orogeny that occurred during the creation of an ancient super-continent. It is the oldest rock in the Canadian Shield, the most ancient part of the North American tectonic plate. Manhattan schist and Hartland schist were formed in the Iapetus Ocean during the Taconic orogeny in the Paleozoic era, about 450 million years ago. During this period the tectonic plates began to move toward each other, which resulted in the creation of the supercontinent Pangaea.[65]
Cameron's Line is a fault zone that traverses Central Park on an east-west axis.[66]
Various glaciers have covered the area of Central Park in the past, with the most recent being the Wisconsin glacier which receded about 12,000 years ago. Evidence of past glaciers are visible throughout the park in the form of glacial erratics (large boulders dropped by the receding glacier) and north-south glacial striations visible on stone outcroppings.
One such outcrop is Rat Rock at 40°46′10″N 73°58′40″W / 40.769361°N 73.977655°W / 40.769361; -73.977655, named after the rats that used to swarm there at night but also known as 'Umpire Rock'.[67][68] Located near the southwest corner of the park, the outcrop is roughly circular, about 55 feet (17 m) wide and 15 feet (4.6 m) tall with different east, west, and north faces.[69] Boulderers usually congregate there, as many as fifty per day, with some being regulars, and others being tourists;[68] the quality of the stone is poor, and the climbs present so little challenge that it has been called "one of America's most pathetic boulders".[69] The park police formerly ticketed climbers who climbed more than a few feet up the rock, but the City Climbers Club approached the park authorities and, by working to provide safety features such as wood chips around the base, they were able to legalize climbing there.[69]
Lakes[edit]
Central Park is home to seven bodies of water, all artificial. The largest lake is the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir, so named since 1994.[70] It was constructed between 1858 and 1862. Covering an area of 106 acres (43 ha) between 86th and 96th Streets, the reservoir reaches a depth of more than 40 feet (12 m) in places and contains about 1 billion US gallons (3.8 billion litres) of water.[71] The Reservoir is best known to New Yorkers for the jogging track around it.
The Ramble and Lake south of the Great Lawn covers nearly 18 acres (7.3 ha). Built on a former swamp, it was designed by Olmsted and Vaux to accommodate boats in the summer and ice skaters in winter. The Lake was opened to skaters in December 1858, while the rest of the park was still under construction.[72] At the northern end of the park, at 110th Street, the Harlem Meer, named in honor of one of the first communities in the region, covers nearly 11 acres (4.5 ha). Located in a wooded area of oak, cypress, and beech trees, it was built after the completion of the southern portion of the park. Harlem Meer also allows visitors to fish, on a catch and release basis.[73] In the southeast corner is the Pond, with an area of 3.5 acres (1.4 ha). The Pond is located near one of the busiest entrances to Central Park but still provides an atmosphere of calm and solitude.[74]
Wildlife[edit]
Flora[edit]
Bracts of Flowering Dogwood, an understory tree native to Central Park
Strawberry Fields
Central Park is home to over 25,000 trees and has a stand of 1,700 American elms, one of the largest remaining stands in the northeastern U.S., protected by their isolation from the Dutch elm disease that devastated the tree throughout its native range.
A partial listing of the tree species found in Central Park, both natives and exotics, includes:
Acer campestre Hedge maple
Acer ginnala Amur maple
Acer palmatum Japanese maple
Acer platanoides Norway maple
Acer pseudoplatanus Sycamore maple
Acer saccharinum Silver maple
Acer saccharum Sugar maple
Aesculus glabra American buckeye
Aesculus hippocastanum Common horsechestnut
Aesculus pavia Red buckeye
Aesculus × carnea Red horschestnut
Ailanthus altissima Tree of heaven
Aralia spinosa Devil's walkingstick
Betula alleghaniensis Yellow birch
Betula lenta Black birch
Betula nigra River birch
Betula papyrifera Paper birch
Celtis occidentalis Hackberry
Cedrus atlantica glauca Blue Atlas cedar
Cornus florida Flowering dogwood
Ginkgo biloba Ginkgo
Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust
Carpinus betulus European hornbeam
Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum
Liriodendron tulipifera Tulip tree
Magnolia grandiflora Southern magnolia
Pinus strobus Eastern White pine
Platanus occidentalis American sycamore
Quercus alba White oak
Quercus palustris Pin oak
Quercus rubra Red oak
Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust
Taxodium distichum Bald cypress
Tilia americana Basswood or American linden
Tilia cordata Little-leaf linden
Tsuga canadensis Canadian hemlock
Ulmus americana American elm
Fauna[edit]
Red-tailed hawk, one of the bird species found in Central Park
Many water birds live in Central Park
Birds:
The first official list of birds observed in Central Park, numbering 235 species, was published in Forest and Stream on June 10, 1886, by Augustus G. Paine, Jr., and Lewis B. Woodruff.[75][76] Over the decades the list has been updated and changed.
The park is frequented by various migratory species of birds during their spring and fall migration on the Atlantic Flyway. Over a quarter of all the bird species found in the United States have been seen in Central Park. One of these species is the red-tailed hawk, which re-established a presence in the park when a male hawk known as Pale Male for his light coloration, nested on a building on Fifth Avenue, across the street from the park in 1991. He became a local media celebrity and a prolific breeder.
Central Park was the site of the misguided unleashing of European starlings in North America, a native of Eurasia which has become an invasive species. In April 1890, eighty birds were released by Eugene Schieffelin and the following March another eighty; these one hundred and sixty birds are the progenitors of the flocks which now span the United States and parts of Canada.
Mammals:
Raccoons have become extremely common in Central Park in recent years, prompting the Parks Department to post rabies warnings around certain areas.
Eastern gray squirrel, or grey squirrel.
Eastern chipmunk: although not commonly sighted, there are chipmunks in Central Park.
Virginia opossum.
Arthropods
In 2002 a new genus and species of centipede (Nannarrup hoffmani) was discovered in Central Park. At about 0.4 inches (10 mm) long, it is one of the smallest centipedes in the world.
Beetles
Since the late 1990s,[77] the Central Park Conservancy, the United States Department of Agriculture, and several city and state agencies have been fighting an infestation of the Asian long-horned beetle, which has been reported in Long Island and Manhattan, including some parts of Central Park.[78] The beetle, which likely was accidentally shipped from its native China in an untreated shipping crate, has no natural predators in the United States, and the fight to contain its infestation has been very expensive. The beetle infests trees by boring a hole in them to deposit its eggs, at which point the only way to end the infestation is to destroy the tree. Several thousand trees were infected in the city and later removed, including 2 trees that were removed from Central Park.[79]
Activities[edit]
Hobbies[edit]
Loeb Boathouse Cafe
A wooded section of the park, called the Ramble and Lake, is popular among birders. Many species of woodland birds, especially warblers, may be seen in the Ramble in the spring and the fall.
Rowboats and kayaks are rented on an hourly basis at the Loeb Boathouse, which also houses a restaurant overlooking the Lake. As early as 1922,[80] model power boating was popular on park waters.
Leisure tours[edit]
One of the many carriage horses present throughout the park
The tradition of carriage horses in New York City was revived in 1935.[81] The carriages have appeared in many films, and the first female horse and carriage driver, Maggie Cogan, appeared in a Universal newsreel in 1967.[82] As such, they have become a symbolic institution of the city. After the September 11 attacks, in a much-publicized event, Mayor Rudolph Giuliani went to the stables himself to ask the drivers to go back to work to help return a sense of normality.[81]
Some activists such as NYCLASS, as well as politicians, have questioned the ethics of this tradition.[83][84] The history of accidents involving spooked horses has come under scrutiny with recent horse deaths.[85] Protests from People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, and celebrities including Alec Baldwin, Alecia Beth Moore and Cheryl Hines have raised the issue's profile.[86][87] Additional media accounts have corroborated some charges, but they have also shown that the standards vary from stable to stable.[88]
Both activists and horse owners agree that part of the problem is lack of enforcement of the city code.[88] Supporters of the trade say it needs to be reformed, not shut down, and that carriage drivers deserve a raise, which the city has not authorized since 1989.[89] Paris, London, Beijing, and several U.S. cities have banned carriage horses.[90] Replacements for the carriage horses may include electric vintage cars.[91][92]
Pedicabs operate mostly in the southern part of the park, the same part as horse carriages.[93] Such vehicles have more recently offered visitors a more dynamic way in which to view the park; covering three to ten times the distance of a typical Central Park horse carriage ride, pedicabs have become very popular with visitors and New Yorkers alike;[94] also, they are being eyed as another replacement for the carriage horses.
Sports[edit]
The Victorian Gardens seasonal amusement park operates over Wollman Rink during the summer
Skating Pond, Central Park, c. 1862
Park Drive, just over 6 miles (9.7 km) long, is heavily used by runners, joggers, pedestrians, bicyclists, and inline skaters.
On most weekends, running races take place in the park, many of which are organized by the New York Road Runners. The New York City Marathon finishes in Central Park outside Tavern on the Green. Many other professional races are run in the park, including the 2008 USA Men's 8k Championships. Baseball fields are numerous, and there are also courts for volleyball, tennis, croquet and lawn bowling. The park is home to several competitive running clubs, including Central Park Track Club.
Central Park has two ice skating rinks, Wollman Rink and Lasker Rink; during summer, the former is the site of Victorian Gardens seasonal amusement park, and the latter converts to an outdoor swimming pool.
The park drives are used as the home course for the Century Road Club Association's racing series. The CRCA is a USA Cycling sanctioned amateur cycling club.[95]
Central Park's glaciated rock outcroppings attract climbers, especially boulderers. The two most renowned spots for boulderers are Rat Rock and Cat Rock; others include Dog Rock, Duck Rock, Rock N' Roll Rock, and Beaver Rock, near the south end of the park.[96]
Attractions[edit]
Central Park Carousel
Central Park has twenty-one playgrounds for children located throughout the park; the largest, at 3 acres (12,000 m2), is Heckscher Playground named for August Heckscher. The current Central Park Carousel, installed in 1951, is one of the largest merry-go-rounds in the United States. The fifty-eight hand-carved horses and two chariots were made by Solomon Stein and Harry Goldstein in 1908. The carousel originally was installed in Coney Island in Brooklyn.
The Central Park Zoo is part of a system of four zoos and one aquarium that is managed by the Wildlife Conservation Society. The zoo is home to an indoor rainforest, a leafcutter ant colony, a chilled penguin house, and a polar bear pool.
Swedish Cottage Marionette Theatre is located in the Swedish Cottage. The building was originally a model schoolhouse built in Sweden. Made of native pine and cedar, it was disassembled and rebuilt in the U.S. as Sweden's exhibit for the 1876 Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. Frederick Law Olmsted moved the cottage to its present site in 1877.
Restaurants[edit]
Tavern on the Green was originally built in the era of Tammany Hall to house Central Park's sheep
Central Park is home to two indoor restaurants. The famed New York City restaurant Tavern on the Green is located on the park's grounds at Central Park West and West 67th Street. It was originally the sheepfold that housed the sheep that grazed Sheep Meadow, built to a design by Calvert Vaux in 1870. It became a restaurant as part of a 1934 renovation of the park under Robert Moses. In 1974, Warner LeRoy took over the restaurant's lease and reopened it in 1976 after $10 million in renovations including the addition of a glass-enclosed Crystal Room overlooking the restaurant's garden (one of several dining rooms), which doubled the seating capacity to 800.[97] The restaurant closed in 2009 and reopened on April 24, 2014, after a renovation.[98]
The Loeb Boathouse restaurant is the other indoor restaurant in Central Park. Located at the Loeb Boathouse on The Lake, it was designed in 1874, destroyed in 1950, and rebuilt in 1954 on the East Side between 74th and 75th Streets.[99]
Entertainment[edit]
The oldest free classical music concert series in the United States, the Naumburg Orchestral Concerts – founded in 1905 – presents concerts in the park's only neo-classical building, the Naumburg Bandshell on the Concert Ground, each summer. The concerts feature promising new talent and promote the professional development of young composers and conductors.
Summerstage features free musical concerts throughout the summer
Central Park has given birth to other arts groups dedicated to performing in the park, notably Central Park Brass, which performs an annual concert series, and the New York Classical Theatre, which produces an annual series of plays.
Each summer, there are several events happening in the park. The Public Theater presents free open-air theatre productions, often starring well-known stage and screen actors. The Delacorte Theater is the summer performing venue of the New York Shakespeare Festival, where most, although not all, of the plays presented are by William Shakespeare, and the performances are generally regarded as being of high quality since its founding by Joseph Papp in 1962. The New York Philharmonic gives an open-air concert on the Great Lawn yearly during the summer. City Parks Foundation has offered Central Park Summerstage since 1985, a series of free performances including music, dance, spoken word, and film presentations, often featuring famous performers; the Summerstage facility also has non-free concerts that are branded under different names. Since 1992, local singer-songwriter David Ippolito has performed almost every summer weekend to large crowds of passers-by and regulars and has become a New York icon, often simply referred to as "That guitar man from Central Park". From 1967 until 2007, the Metropolitan Opera presented two operas in concert each year. The Fifth Avenue Mile is along the east side of the park between 80th and 60th Streets each September.[100]
Many popular one-time concerts have been given in the park including Barbra Streisand, 1967; The Supremes, 1970; Carole King, 1973; Bob Marley and The Wailers, 1975; America, 1979; Elton John, 1980; the Simon and Garfunkel reunion, 1981; Diana Ross, 1983; Paul Simon, 1991; Garth Brooks, 1997; Sheryl Crow, 1999; Dave Matthews Band, 2003; Bon Jovi, 2008;[101] and Andrea Bocelli, 2011. Central Park was the location of the largest concert ever on record when country superstar Garth Brooks performed a free concert in August 1997, to which about 980,000 had attended.[102]
Panorama of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir at Central Park, looking north
Transportation[edit]
Public transport[edit]
The New York City Subway's IND Eighth Avenue Line runs along the western edge of the park, with a transfer station to the IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at Columbus Circle. In addition, the IRT Lenox Avenue Line has a station at Central Park North. From there the line curves southwest under the park, and heads west under 104th Street, and the BMT Broadway Line has a station at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street.
Roads[edit]
Central Park is surrounded by four roadways: Central Park North, Central Park South, Central Park West, and Fifth Avenue. There are four plazas, one on each corner of the park: Frederick Douglass Circle on the northwest, Duke Ellington Circle on the northeast, Columbus Circle at the southwest, and Grand Army Plaza at the southeast. There are also four transverse roadways: 65th–66th Streets, 79th–81st Streets, 86th Street, and 96th Street. The park has three roadways that travel it vertically: West, Center, and East Drives.
Vertical drives[edit]
West Drive in Central Park
West Drive is the westernmost of the park's three vertical "drives". The southbound-running road is described as "... concealed in sunken roadways and screened with densely planted shrub belts, creating a country-road feel in the center of the city." In the early 20th century, the drive was a popular place for carriage rides.[103] A painting by Gifford Beal shows a picture of West Drive depicted with a horse and buggy.[104] However, the drive is also dangerous; in 2014, a 0.5-mile (0.80 km) stretch of West Drive was considered to be "the most dangerous section of Central Park" for pedestrians, with bicycle crashes along the drive leaving 15 people injured.[105]
Center Drive in Central Park
Center Drive (also known as the "Central Park Lower Loop"[106]) connects northbound traffic from Midtown at West Drive and Sixth Avenue near the 65th Street Transverse. The street generally goes east and then north, forming the bottom part of the Central Park loop. The attractions along this street include the Victorian Gardens Amusement Park, the Central Park Carousel and the Central Park Mall.
East Drive, the easternmost of the three drives, connects northbound traffic from Midtown to the Upper West Side at Lenox Avenue. The street is renowned for its country scenery and free concerts. It generally straddles the east side of the park along Fifth Avenue. The drive passes by the Central Park Zoo around 63rd Street and the Metropolitan Museum of Art around the 80th to 84th Street area. The drive is also one of the legs of the New York Marathon. It is known as the "Elite Carriage Parade", because at the time of the park's opening, only 5 percent of the city was able to afford the carriage; of this, Walt Whitman said that the carriage parade was "an impressive, rich, interminable circus on a grand scale, full of action and color."[107]
Issues[edit]
The Lake at Central Park
Central Park was once a very dangerous place, especially after dark, as measured by crime statistics. The park is considerably safer in the 21st century, though during prior periods it was the site of numerous muggings and rapes. Well-publicized incidents of sexual and confiscatory violence, such as the notorious 1989 Central Park jogger case,[108][109] dissuaded many from visiting one of Manhattan's most scenic areas. Fear was also directed to the gay community after World War II from a panic of sex crimes.[110][111] As crime has declined in the park and in the rest of New York City, many of the negative perceptions have begun to wane. Safety measures hold the number of crimes in the park to fewer than one hundred per year, down from approximately 1,000 in the early 1980s.[112]
On June 11, 2000, following the Puerto Rican Day Parade, gangs of drunken men sexually assaulted women in the park.[113] Several arrests were made shortly after the attacks, but it was not until 2006 that a civil suit against the city for failing to provide police protection was finally settled.[114]
Permission to hold issue-centered rallies in Central Park, similar to the be-ins of the 1960s, has been met with increasingly stiff resistance from the city. During some 2004 protests, the organization United for Peace and Justice wanted to hold a rally on the Great Lawn during the Republican National Convention. The city denied application for a permit, stating that such a mass gathering would be harmful to the grass and that such damage would make it harder to collect private donations to maintain the park.[115] Courts upheld the refusal.[116]
During the 2000s and early 2010s, new towers were constructed along the southern end of Central Park. According to a Municipal Art Society report, such buildings cast shadows over the southern end of the park. There has been some controversy over this.[117]
Gallery[edit]
The Lake and San Remo apartments in the background
Lower Central Park
The Mall & Literary Walk
Strawberry Fields with the Dakota behind
The Pond, looking south, with the Plaza Hotel in view
One of the park's bridges; no two are alike.[118]
Bethesda Fountain with the Loeb Boathouse in background
Passage under Bethesda Terrace
Chess and Checkers House
Aerial view of Central Park
The Mall
The buildings that line Central Park South include Essex House
Bridge in Central Park, designed by Calvert Vaux, separates pedestrians from the carriage drive.
Central Park viewed from atop the GE Building
The Pond and Central Park South
Wollman Skating Rink
Jose de Creeft, Statue of Alice, 1959
Jogging in Central Park
The Lake in snow, seen from the San Remo on Central Park West
Vista of the Great Lawn from Belvedere Castle
Bicycles
Benches
Landscape
Carriage horse
Bicyclists
Shakespeare Garden
Turtle Pond
The Ramble
Hans Christian Andersen Statue
Sheep Meadow
The Pond
The West Drive, now closed to automobiles
At dusk
View of Harlem Meer and Dana Discovery Center
Cleopatra's Needle, Central Park
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Its increasing significance as a wildlife habitat" was noted on the Conservancy's on-site information boards.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "About Us". Central Park Conservancy. 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "World's Most-Visited Tourist Attractions". Travel + Leisure by various contributors. October 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ "No. 2 Central Park, New York City". Travel + Leisure. October 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
Jump up ^ Central Park, UNESCO tentative list
Jump up ^ "Central Park". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 10, 2007. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007.
Jump up ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory" (PDF). National Park Service. August 14, 1975.
Jump up ^ "National Register of Historic Places Inventory" (PDF). National Park Service. August 14, 1975.
Jump up ^ http://www.centralpark.com/usr/maps/CentralParkRunningMap.pdf
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "Census Tract 143, New York, NY". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 11, 2006.
Jump up ^ Feuer, Alan (March 25, 2011). "Census Apparently Did Check Behind Every Tree". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Robledo, S. Jhoanna; "Central Park: Because We Wouldn't Trade a Patch of Grass for $528,783,552,000" NYMag.com, December 18, 2005 (Retrieved: August 26, 2009)
Jump up ^ "Central Park FAQ". Archived from the original on May 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "America's Most Visited City Parks" (PDF). The Trust for Public Land. June 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2006. Retrieved July 11, 2006.
Jump up ^ Pereira, Ivan (2017-12-10). "Central Park is a film superstar". am New York. Retrieved 2017-12-11.
^ Jump up to: a b "About the Central Park Conservancy". Central Park Conservancy. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Blonsky, Douglas (November 3, 2007). "Saving the Park: A key to NYC's revival". New York Post. p. Op-Ed.
Jump up ^ "Restoring a meadow to grandeur: Conservancy marks milestone in Central Park", September 2011
Jump up ^ Todd, John Emerson Todd (1982). Frederick Law Olmsted (see the history of Green-Wood Cemetery). Boston: Twayne Publishers: Twayne's World Leader Series. p. 73.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Great Park Debate – 1850". CentralParkHistory.com. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Taking the Land – 1850". CentralParkHistory.com. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Andrew S. Dolkart. "The Architecture and Development of New York City". Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Olmsted letter to Parke Godwin August 1, 1858". Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape.
Jump up ^ "The Design Competition". CentralParkHistory.com. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Victors". CentralParkHistory.com. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ www.insecula.com Central Park (retrieved March 5, 2007) Archived November 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Gilligan, Heather (2017-02-23). "An entire Manhattan village owned by black people was destroyed to build Central Park". Timeline. Retrieved 2018-02-10.
Jump up ^ Rossi, Peter H. (1989). Down and Out in America: The Origins of Homelessness. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-72828-5.
Jump up ^ "Manhattan's Lost Village of Harsenville". Ephemeral New York. Retrieved 2016-08-28.
Jump up ^ Beach, Frederick Converse Beach; Rines, George Edwin, eds. (1903). "Central City – Central Park". The Encyclopedia Americana. The Americana Company. 4.
Jump up ^ "The History of Central Park". Sarah Waxman. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "CentralParkHistory.com". centralparkhistory.com. Retrieved 2016-04-02.
Jump up ^ "Andrew Haswell Green".
Jump up ^ "Harlem Meer". Centralpark.com. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Andrew H. Green and Central Park". The New York Times. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rosenzweig, Roy; Blackmar, Elizabeth (1992). The Park and the People: A History of Central Park. p. 150.
^ Jump up to: a b c Pollak, Michael. (July 3, 2014). What Is Jamaica, Queens, Named After?, The New York Times. Retrieved July 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sheep Meadow | Your Complete Guide to Central Park". Centralpark.com. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Big Apple History . New York Living . Bread Lines | PBS KIDS GO!". Pbskids.org. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Robert Moses and a New Deal". Centralparkhistory.com. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Caro, Robert A. (1974). The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-48076-3.
Jump up ^ Stern, Robert A.M.; Gregory Gilmartin; Thomas Mellins (1987). New York 1930. Rizzoli New York. p. 710. ISBN 978-0-8478-3096-1.
Jump up ^ "Planting the Seeds for the "Great Lawn"". Centralparkhistory.com. Retrieved October 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ "A pioneer of urban cycling". Jim's Bike Blog. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "The History of Central Park". Centralparknyc.org. August 18, 2009. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Murphy and Ottavino 1986:24: "materials science, chemical testing, historical research, and attentive site supervision contributed to the successful rehabilitation of Bethesda Terrace".
Jump up ^ Central Park Conservancy on-line history Archived January 26, 2007, at the Wayback Machine..
Jump up ^ Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (1995), The Encyclopedia of New York City, New Haven: Yale University Press, ISBN 0300055366 , pp. 497-498; Louie, Elaine (March 1, 1990). "Currents; Grand Army Plaza's Rather Grand History". The New York Times. Retrieved April 14, 2010. ; Goldberger, Paul (June 28, 1990). "Review/Architecture; A Restored Grand Army Plaza, With a New Coat for the General". The New York Times. Retrieved April 14, 2010. ; "Grand Army Plaza, Redressed". The New York Times. July 2, 1990. Retrieved April 14, 2010. ; Morgan, Ann Lee (2007). The Oxford Dictionary of American Art and Artists. Oxford reference online. Oxford University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-19-512878-9.
Jump up ^ "Turtle Pond". CentralPark.org. Retrieved October 12, 2014.
Jump up ^ Murphy and Ottavino 1986 and Peter Champe and Mark Rabinowitz, "Restoring the Minton Tile Ceiling, Bethesda Terrace Arcade, Central Park, New York City" Association for Preservation Technology Bulletin, 30.2/3 (1999:11-16)
Jump up ^ The former replacement bridge with utilitarian spiked steel pipe handrails.
Jump up ^ Central Park Conservancy press release Archived October 3, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Central Park Conservancy (2015-02-12). "Oak Bridge at Bank Rock Bay". The Official Website of Central Park NYC. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ Lisa W. Foderaro (October 23, 2012). "A $100 Million Thank-You for a Lifetime's Central Park Memories". The New York Times. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Curfew Hours in Central Park".
Jump up ^ "Imagine a Car-Free Central Park". The Epoch Times. October 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "CENTRAL PARK, PROSPECT PARK LOOPS TO BE CLOSED TO TRAFFIC ON WEEKDAYS". 7 Online. 2015-06-18. Retrieved 2016-06-22.
Jump up ^ Emily Frost (June 18, 2015). "Central Park Will Be Permanently Car-Free Above 72nd Street, Mayor Says". DNA Info. Archived from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ Frank Leslie's New York journal, Volumes 1-2 p. 292
Jump up ^ Christo and Jeanne-Claude, The Gates: Central Park, New York City, 1979–2005, ISBN 3-8228-4242-7
Jump up ^ February 25, 2005 CNN story about Christo and Jeanne-Claude's The Gates Central Park's 'Gates' to close
Jump up ^ "Central Park Monuments: Delacorte Clock". NYC Parks. Retrieved June 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ City at the water's edge: a natural history of New York By Betsy McCully p. 6
Jump up ^ Deformational History of Manhattan Rocks and Its Relationship with the State of In-situ Stress in New York City [1]
Jump up ^ "Geology of Central Park – From Rocks to Ice" by Charles Merguerian and Mickey Merguerian Archived February 28, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "RatRock @ ClimbNYC.com". Archived from the original on November 12, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Jennifer Bleyer (October 7, 2007), "The Zen of the Rock", The New York Times
^ Jump up to: a b c John Sherman (1994), Stone crusade: a historical guide to bouldering in America, The Mountaineers Books, pp. 226–228, ISBN 978-0-930410-62-9
Jump up ^ The New York Times report by Diane Cardwell, July 30, 2007.
Jump up ^ www.centralparknyc.org The Reservoir article
Jump up ^ www.centralparknyc.org The Lake article
Jump up ^ www.centralparknyc.org Harlem Meer article
Jump up ^ www.centralparknyc.org The Pond article
Jump up ^ "List of birds of Central Park". Forest and Stream. New York: The Forest and Stream Publishing Company. XXVI (20): 386–387. June 10, 1886.
Jump up ^ Eugene Kinkead (August 26, 1974). "The Birds of Central Park". The New Yorker. New York. XXVI (20): 78.
Jump up ^ "Asian Beetle Nears Central Park". Chicago Tribune. August 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Asian Longhorned Beetle Returns to Central Park". NYC Parks. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Beetles infest 2 trees in Central Park". The Baltimore Sun. February 17, 2002. Retrieved November 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Powerboats.
^ Jump up to: a b Tradition or Cruelty?, Jessica Bennett, Newsweek, September 25, 2007; accessed August 23, 2008
Jump up ^ Chris Hicks (April 16, 1996). "Jupiter's Wife". Deseret News. Salt Lake City.
Jump up ^ Richburg, Keith B. (December 17, 2007). "Bill Could Halt New York Carriage Horses". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ Bill Could Halt New York Carriage Horses, Keith B. Richburg, The Washington Post, December 17, 2007; accessed August 23, 2008
Jump up ^ Another Horse Down in Central Park Archived September 24, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Blog of the ASPCA, September 17, 2007; accessed August 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ PETA Fact Sheet on Horse Carriage Archived October 5, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.; accessed August 23, 2008
Jump up ^ Home on the Asphalt, Lloyd Grove, New York Magazine, March 16, 2008; accessed August 23, 2008
^ Jump up to: a b Carriage Horse Industry At A Crossroads, Kristin Cole, CBS News, November 5, 2007; Accessed August 23, 2008.
Jump up ^ Horse Pucky, Editorial of The New York Sun, November 30, 2007; accessed August 23, 2008
Jump up ^ Film Highlights Suffering of NYC Carriage Horses Archived July 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Humane Society of the United States, April 24, 2008
Jump up ^ "Central Park Conservancy says cars are poor alternative to horses". NY Daily News.
Jump up ^ "Old school cars could replace Central park horse carriages". New York Post.
Jump up ^ "Pedicab Tours".
Jump up ^ "In recent years, pedicabs have become ubiquitous in Midtown. They pick up theatergoers on Broadway, courting couples in Central Park and give gawking tourists a new way to stare at the tall buildings" ("Keep the Big Wheels Turning ", The New York Times, 18 December 2005).
Jump up ^ Hourigan, sSan. "Racing". Century Road Club Association. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Christopher S. Wren, "A Summit in Central Park; Boulder Gives Climbers a Taste of the Mountain", The New York Times, July 21, 1999. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
Jump up ^ Cuozzo, Steve (January 31, 2011). "Tavern deal not Crystal Clear". New York Post. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tavern on the Green to open April 24 for dinner; to add brunch, lunch in May". NY Daily News.
Jump up ^ Central Park Conservancy. "Loeb Boathouse". The Official Website of Central Park NYC. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ Gretschel, Johanna (2017-10-05). "Jenny Simpson Aims For Sixth Title, Course Record At 5th Avenue Mile". FloTrack. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ For the Bon Jovi concert, July 12, 2008, 60,000 free tickets were distributed by the city; a large section of Central Park was closed to the non-ticketed public.
Jump up ^ "Garth Brooks: The Entertainer". garthbrooks.com. Archived from the original on January 3, 2010. Retrieved February 14, 2010. CS1 maint: Unfit url (link)
Jump up ^ "Central Park West Drive 1906". [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "West Drive, Central Park".
Jump up ^ "Pedestrians walking into bicycle danger zones in Central Park". New York Post.
Jump up ^ "Central Park Drives: Improvements for Pedestrians & Cyclists" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "The elite "carriage parade" in 1860s Central Park".
Jump up ^ "Affirmation in Response to Motion to Vacate Judgment of Conviction: The People of the State of New York -against- Kharey Wise, Kevin Richardson, Antron McCray, Yusef Salaam, and Raymond Santana, Defendants" (PDF). Robert M. Morgenthau, District Attorney, New York County. December 5, 2002. Retrieved June 22, 2007.
Jump up ^ Didion, Joan (January 17, 1991). "Sentimental Journeys". The New York Review of Books. Retrieved June 21, 2007. This essay has also been published in Didion's non-fiction collection After Henry (1992).
Jump up ^ "Gays in Central Park".
Jump up ^ Chauncey, George (May 19, 1995). Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Makings of the Gay Male World. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0465026214.
Jump up ^ "NYPD CompStat report, 22nd Precinct" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 21, 2008.
Jump up ^ Chivers, C. J.; Kevin Flynn (13 June 2000). "35 Scary Minutes: Women Tell Police Of Assaults in Park". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Hartocollis, Anemona (2006-03-16). "New York Settles With Woman Abused at 2000 Parade". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-10-12.
Jump up ^ "Judge Blocks Central Park Protest". Commondreams.org. August 25, 2004. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Judge blocks RNC protest in Central Park". CNN.com. August 24, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Accidental Skyline". MAS.org. October 15, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Henry Hope Reed, Robert M. McGee and Esther Mipaas. The Bridges of Central Park. (Greensward Foundation) 1990.
Further reading[edit]
"1857 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1857. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1858 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1858. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1859 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1859. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1860 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1860. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1861 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1861. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1862 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1862. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1863 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1863. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1864 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1864. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1865 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1865. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1867 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1867. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1868 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1868. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"1869 Central Park Commissioners Annual Report" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1869. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"Architects' Report To the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park, New York" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1858. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"Communication to the Comissioners of Central Park" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1866. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"Documents of the Board of Commissioners of Central Park for the Year Ending April 30, 1858" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1858. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
"Documents of the Board of Commissioners of Central Park for the Year Ending January 30, 1859" (PDF). New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. 1859. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
Kelly, Bruce; Guillet, Gail T.; Hern, Mary Ellen W. (1981). Art of the Olmsted Landscape. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Arts Publisher. ISBN 0-941302-00-8.
Kinkead, Eugene (1990). Central Park, 1857-1995: The Birth, Decline, and Renewal of a National Treasure. New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-02531-4.
Martin, Douglas (January 31, 1997). "A Village Dies, A Park Is Born". The New York Times.
Miller, Sara Cedar (2003). Central Park, An American Masterpiece: A Comprehensive History of the Nation's First Urban Park. New York: Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-3946-0.
Rosenzweig, Roy; Blackmar, Elizabeth (1992). The Park and the People: A History of Central Park. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-9751-5.
Schuyler, David. Parks in Urban America. Oxford University Press.
Swerdlow, Joel L (May 1993). "Central Park – Oasis in the city". National Geographic.
Taylor, Dorceta E. (2009). "section 3". The Environment and the People in American Cities, 1600s-1900s: Disorder, Inequality, and Social Change. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-4451-3.
Voorsanger, Catherine Hoover; Howat, John K., eds. (2000). Art and the empire city: New York, 1825-1861. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 9780870999574.
Wiseman, Frederick (director) (1990). Central Park (motion picture).
Van Buren, Alex (2016). "12 Secrets of New York's Central Park". Smithsonian Magazine.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Central Park (category)
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Manhattan/Central Park.
KML file (edit • help)
Display on Google Maps
Template:Attached KML/Central Park
KML is from Wikidata
Official website (New York City Department of Parks and Recreation)
Official website (Central Park Conservancy)
"Central Park Police Precinct". NYC.gov.
"Central Park". National Historic Landmarks Program. Archived from the original on October 13, 2007.
[show]
v
t
e
Central Park
Features
Geographical
features
Cedar Hill
Cherry Hill
Conservatory Garden
Conservatory Water
Great Lawn / Turtle Pond
Harlem Meer
Onassis Reservoir
The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary
The Ramble and Lake
Seneca Village
Sheep Meadow
Sculptures
107th Infantry Memorial
Alexander Hamilton
Balto
Christopher Columbus
Cleopatra's Needle
Daniel Webster
Eagles and Prey
The Falconer
Fitz-Greene Halleck
Frederick Douglass Memorial
Giuseppe Mazzini
Indian Hunter
King Jagiello Monument
Robert Burns
Romeo and Juliet
Samuel Finley Breese Morse
Seventh Regiment Memorial
Sir Walter Scott
The Gates (former)
The Tempest
Untermyer Fountain
USS Maine National Monument
Victor Herbert
William Shakespeare
Other
features
Arsenal
Belvedere Castle
Bethesda Terrace and Fountain
Blockhouse
Bridges
Burnett Memorial Fountain
Carousel
Delacorte Theater
Diana Ross Playground
Fort Clinton
Lasker Rink
Mall
Marionette Theatre
McGowan's Pass
McGown's Pass Tavern
Pug Hill
Richard Morris Hunt Memorial
Rumsey Playfield
Strawberry Fields
Tavern on the Green
Victorian Gardens
Wollman Rink
Zoo
Escape hoax
Zoo York Wall
Zoo York
Events
Be-Ins
The Concert
UAE Healthy Kidney 10K
New York Mini 10K
Concerto: One Night in Central Park
Shakespeare in the Park
SummerStage
Neighboring features
Streets
Border Streets
Fifth (East)
North
South
West
Transverses
66th
79th
85th
97th
Subway stations
Fifth Avenue–59th Street
59th Street–Columbus Circle
72nd Street
81st Street
86th Street
96th Street
103rd Street
Cathedral Parkway–110th Street
Central Park North–110th Street
People and animals
Frederick Law Olmsted
Calvert Vaux
Hal the Coyote
Pale Male
Pattycake
Miscellaneous
Conservancy
Jogger case
Medical Unit
Popular culture
See also: NYC Parks
[show]
Articles related to Central Park
[show]
v
t
e
Popular visitor attractions in New York City
More than 10 million
annual visitors
Times Square (50 M)
Central Park (40 M)
Grand Central Terminal (21.6 M)
South Street Seaport (12 M)
Rockefeller Center
1 to 10 million
annual visitors
High Line (7.6 M)
Metropolitan Museum of Art (6.3 M)
American Museum of Natural History (5.0 M)
National September 11 Memorial & Museum (5.0 M)
Empire State Building (3.5 M)
Museum of Modern Art (2.8 M)
Statue of Liberty (2.4 M)
One World Trade Center (2.3 M)
Bronx Zoo (1.8 M)
Ellis Island (1.7 M)
Note: Visitor numbers are estimates only.
See also: Tourism in New York City
[show]
v
t
e
Protected areas of New York City
[show]
Federal
National Historic Sites
Lower East Side Tenement Museum
Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace
National Monuments
and Memorials
African Burial Ground
Castle Clinton
Federal Hall
General Grant
Governors Island
Hamilton Grange
Statue of Liberty
Stonewall
Other Protected Areas
Gateway National Recreation Area
Floyd Bennett Field
Fort Tilden
Fort Wadsworth
Great Kills
Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge
Jacob Riis
Miller Field
[show]
State
State Parks
Bayswater Point
Clay Pit Ponds
East River
Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms
Gantry Plaza
Riverbank
Roberto Clemente
[show]
City parks and preserves
Manhattan
79th Street Boat Basin
Abingdon Square
Albert Capsouto
Asphalt Green
Battery
Bennett
British Garden at Hanover Square
Bowling Green
Bryant
Captain Patrick J. Brown Walk
Carl Schurz
Central Park
Chelsea
City Hall
Collect
Columbus
Corlears Hook
Dag Hammarskjold Plaza
Damrosch
Dante
DeSalvio Playground
DeWitt Clinton
Drumgoole Plaza
Duane
East River Greenway
East River Esplanade
East River Park
Stuyvesant Cove
Finn Square
Foley Square
Fort Tryon
Fort Washington
Gorman
Gramercy
Greenacre Park
Hamilton Fish
Hanover Square
Harlem River
Hell's Kitchen
Herald Square
High Line
Highbridge
Holcombe Rucker
Hudson
Hudson River
Imagination Playground at Burling Slip
Inwood Hill
Isham
J. Hood Wright
Jackie Robinson
Jackson Square
John Jay
Liberty
Louis Cuvillier
Madison Square
Manhattan Waterfront Greenway
Marcus Garvey
Mill Rock
Mitchell Square
Morningside
Murphy's Brother's Playground
Muscota Marsh
Paley
Peretz Square
Peter Cooper
Plaza Lafayette
Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden
Ralph Bunche
Randalls Island
Richard Tucker Square
Riverside
Robert Moses Playground
Roosevelt Triangle
Rucker
Sakura
Samuel N. Bennerson 2nd Playground
Sara Delano Roosevelt
Septuagesimo Uno
Seward
Sheridan Square
Sherman Square
St. John's
St. Nicholas
St. Vartan
Straus
Stuyvesant Square
Swindler Cove
Teardrop
Theodore Roosevelt
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Paine
Tompkins Square
Tribeca
Union Square
Verdi Square
Vesuvio Playground
Wards Island
Washington Market
Washington Square
West Side Community Garden
Winston Churchill
Zuccotti
Brooklyn
American Veterans Memorial Pier
Amersfort
Asser Levy
Bath Beach
Betsy Head
Bensonhurst
Breukelen Ballfields
Brooklyn Botanic Garden
Brooklyn Bridge
Brooklyn Heights Promenade
Brooklyn–Queens Greenway
Brower
Bushwick
Byrne
Cadman Plaza
Canarsie
Carroll
Calvert Vaux
City Line
Coffey
Columbus
Commodore Barry
Coney Island Beach & Boardwalk
Coney Island Creek
Continental Army Plaza
Cooper
Dyker Beach
Floyd Bennett Field
Fort Greene
Four Sparrow Marsh
Frank M. Charles
Fresh Creek Nature Preserve
Friends Field
Fulton
Gravesend
Green Central Knoll
Herbert Von King
Highland
Irving Square
JJ Byrne
Jamaica Bay Park
John J. Carty
John Paul Jones
Kaiser
Kelly
Leif Ericson
Leon S. Kaiser Playground
Lieutenant Joseph Petrosino
Lincoln Terrace
Linden
Lindower
Linton
Manhattan Beach
Maria Hernandez
Marine
McCarren
McGolrick
McKinley
Mt. Prospect
Owl's Head
Paerdegat Basin
Paerdegat
Prospect
Red Hook
Robert E. Venable
Saratoga
Scarangella
Seaside
Seth Low
Shore
Spring Creek
Steeplechase
Sternberg
St. Johns
Sunset
Tompkins
Trinity
Van Voorhees
Walt Whitman
Wingate
WNYC Transmitter
Zion Triangle
The Bronx
Baretto Point
Bicentennial Veterans
Bronx
Castle Hill
City Island Wetlands
Claremont
Concrete Plant
Crotona
Devoe
Ewen
Ferry Point
Givans Creek Woods
Grant
Haffen
Harding
Harris
Henry Hudson
Hunts Point
Jerome
Joseph Rodman Drake
Joyce Kilmer
Julius Richman
Macombs Dam
Mill Pond
Mullaly
New York Botanical Garden
North and South Brother Islands
Orchard Beach
Pelham Bay
Rodman's Neck
Playground 52
Poe
Pugsley Creek
Rainey
Raoul Wallenberg Forest
Richman
Riverdale
St. Mary's
Seton Falls
Seton
Soundview
Spuyten Duyvil Shorefront
St. James
St. Mary's
Starlight
Tremont
University Woods
Van Cortlandt
Vidalia
Vinmont Veteran
Washington's Walk
Queens
Admiral
Alley
Alley Pond
Andrews Grove
Astoria
Baisley Pond
Bayside Fields
Bayswater
Beach Channel
Big Bush
Bowne
Brant Point Wildlife Sanctuary
Breininger
Broad Channel American Park
Broad Channel Park
Broad Channel Wetlands
Brooklyn–Queens Greenway
Brookville
Bulova
Captain Tilly
Crocheron
Cunningham
Det. Keith L. Williams
Det. William T. Gunn
Dr. Charles R. Drew
Dubos Point Wildlife Sanctuary
Doughboy
Douglaston
Elmhurst
Evergreen
Flushing Fields
Flushing Meadows-Corona
Forest
Fort Tilden
Fort Totten
Francis Lewis
Frank Golden
Frank Principe
Haggerty
Harvey
Highland
Hinton
Hoffman
Hook Creek
Hunter's Point
Idlewild
Jamaica Bay
John Golden
Juniper Valley
Kissena
Kohlreiter Square
Libra Triangle
Linnaeus
Little Bay
Louis Pasteur
Mafera
Macneil
Marconi
Marie Curie
Montbellier
O'Donohue
Overlook
Park of the Americas
Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto
Ofc. Edward Byrne
Powell's Cove
Queens County Farm Museum
Queensbridge
Rachel Carson
Railroad
Ralph Demarco
Rochdale
Rockaway Community
Rufus King
Seagirt Avenue Wetlands
Socrates Sculpture
Spring Creek
Springfield
St. Albans
Travers
Tudor
Udall's Park Preserve
Wayanda
Staten Island
Aesop
Allison Pond
Amundsen Circle
Annadale
Arbutus Woods
Arden Woods
Austen House
Barrett
Bayview Terrace
Blood Root Valley
Bloomingdale
Blue Heron Park Preserve
Blueberry
Bradys
Bunker Ponds
Buono Beach
Carlton
Clove Lakes
Clove's Tail
Conference House
Corporal Thompson
Crescent Beach
Deere
Eibs Pond
Faber
Fairview
Father Macris
Forest Grove
Fort Hill
Fort Wadsworth
FDR Boardwalk and Beach
Freshkills
Gaeta
Great Kills
Graniteville Quarry
Graniteville Swamp
Hero
High Rock
Hoffman Island
Huguenot Ponds
Hybrid Oak Woods
Ingram Woods
Isle of Meadows
Jones Woods
Joseph Manna
King Fisher
Kingdom Pond
Last Chance
LaTourette
Lemon Creek
Long Pond
Gen. MacArthur
Maple Woods
Mariners Marsh
Meredith Woods
Midland Beach
Midland Field
Miller Field
Mount Loretto Unique Area
New Dorp Beach
New York Chinese Scholar's Garden
Northerleigh Park
Ocean Breeze
Old Place Creek
Olmstead-Beil House
Prall's Island
Reed's Basket WIllow Swamp
Richmond Terrace Wetlands
Saw Mill Creek Marsh
Schmul
Seaside Wildlife Nature
Shooters Island
Siedenburg
Silver Lake
Snug Harbor Cultural Center & Botanical Garden
Sobel Court
South Beach Wetlands
St. George
Staten Island Greenbelt
Staten Island Industrial
Swinburne Island
Tappen
Tompkinsville
Tottenville Shore
Von Briesen
Walker
Wegener
Westerleigh
Westwood
William T. Davis Wildlife Refuge
Willowbrook
Wolfe's Pond
[show]
Other
Nature centers
Alley Pond
Belvedere Castle
Blue Heron
Crotona
Dana Discovery Center
Forest
Fort Greene
Fort Totten
Greenbelt
High Rock
Inwood Hill
Orchard Beach
Prospect
Salt Marsh
Van Cortlandt
Zoos
Bronx
Central Park
Prospect
Queens
Staten Island
Botanical gardens
Brooklyn Botanic
Conservatory
New York Botanical
Queens Botanical
Staten Island Botanical
New York Chinese Scholar's
Wave Hill
Roosevelt Island
Lighthouse
Southpoint
Other lists
World War I-related parks
Vietnam War-related parks
Category
Department of Parks and Recreation
New York State
Commons
[show]
v
t
e
New York City Historic Sites
NRHP
Manhattan
Brooklyn
Queens
Staten Island
Bronx
NHL
New York State
NYC
Manhattan
Brooklyn
Queens
Staten Island
Bronx
[show]
v
t
e
U.S. National Register of Historic Places in New York
Topics
Contributing property
Keeper of the Register
Historic district
History of the National Register of Historic Places
National Park Service
Property types

Lists
by county
Albany
Allegany
Bronx
Broome
Cattaraugus
Cayuga
Chautauqua
Chemung
Chenango
Clinton
Columbia
Cortland
Delaware
Dutchess
Erie
Essex
Franklin
Fulton
Genesee
Greene
Hamilton
Herkimer
Jefferson
Kings (Brooklyn)
Lewis
Livingston
Madison
Monroe
Montgomery
Nassau
New York (Manhattan)
Niagara
Oneida
Onondaga
Ontario
Orange
Orleans
Oswego
Otsego
Putnam
Queens
Rensselaer
Richmond (Staten Island)
Rockland
Saratoga
Schenectady
Schoharie
Schuyler
Seneca
St. Lawrence
Steuben
Suffolk
Sullivan
Tioga
Tompkins
Ulster
Warren
Washington
Wayne
Westchester
Northern
Southern
Wyoming
Yates
Lists
by city
Albany
Buffalo
New Rochelle
New York City
Bronx
Brooklyn
Queens
Staten Island
Manhattan
Below 14th St.
14th–59th St.
59th–110th St.
Above 110th St.
Minor islands
Niagara Falls
Peekskill
Poughkeepsie
Rhinebeck
Rochester
Syracuse
Yonkers
Other lists
Bridges and tunnels
National Historic Landmarks
Category:National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Portal:National Register of Historic Places
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 315146053
GND: 4480303-5
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Park&oldid=827897600"
Categories:
Central Park
1873 establishments in New York (state)
Frederick Law Olmsted works
Harlem
Historic public gardens
Landscape design history of the United States
Midtown Manhattan
National Historic Landmarks in Manhattan
Parks in Manhattan
Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Upper East Side
Upper West Side
Urban forests in the United States
Urban public parks
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty
CS1 maint: Unfit url
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from December 2017
Articles with permanently dead external links
Use mdy dates from August 2015
Coordinates on Wikidata
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Articles using KML from Wikidata
Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Articles containing video clips
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikivoyage
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
Bân-lâm-gú
Български
Català
Cebuano
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Føroyskt
Français
Gaeilge
한국어
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
Македонски
Malagasy
मराठी
مصرى
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Sardu
Scots
Shqip
Sicilianu
Simple English
Slovenčina
Српски / srpski
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
Winaray
粵語
Zazaki
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 February 2018, at 11:11.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Central_Park_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Central Park (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #abdb75; line-height: 140%;

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Southwest corner of Central Park, looking east, NYC.jpg

attrs: href title

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Central Park is located in New York City

values: display: none; width:272px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto width:272px;padding:0

values:
/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg
image
Central Park is located in the US

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: New York City Department of Parks and Recreation

values: width:100%; font-size:105%; font-weight:bold; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5

values: width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5; background: #A8EDEF;

values: width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; background: #87CEEB

values: United States Department of the Interior

values:
/wiki/World_Heritage_site
mw-redirect
World Heritage site

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height usemap

values:
/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_(Manhattan)
mw-redirect
Fifth Avenue (Manhattan)

values: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

values: Panoramic view of Central Park from Rockefeller Center

values: margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:908px;

values:
/wiki/File:Centralpark_fg01.jpg
image
Central Park in 2004

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/John_Randel
mw-redirect
John Randel

values:
/wiki/New_York_legislature
mw-redirect
New York legislature

values: List of arches and bridges in Central Park

values:
/wiki/Manhattan_schist
mw-redirect
Manhattan schist

values:
/wiki/Bethesda_Fountain
mw-redirect
Bethesda Fountain

values:
/wiki/Ignaz_Anton_Pilat
mw-redirect
Ignaz Anton Pilat

values:
/wiki/George_E._Waring,_Jr.
mw-redirect
George E. Waring, Jr.

values:
/wiki/Southdown_(sheep)
mw-redirect
Southdown (sheep)

values:
/wiki/Dorset_(sheep)
mw-redirect
Dorset (sheep)

values:
/wiki/Sheep_Meadow,_Central_Park
mw-redirect
Sheep Meadow, Central Park

values:
/wiki/Harlem_Meer,_Central_Park
mw-redirect
Harlem Meer, Central Park

values: Edit section: First decline and renovation

values:
/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia
mw-redirect
Fiorello La Guardia

values:
/wiki/Hoover_valley
mw-redirect
Hoover valley

values: Great Lawn and Turtle Pond, Central Park

values: File:Skating in Central Park Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv

values: width: 230px; margin:15px auto; width:195px;

values: <video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Skating_in_Central_Park_Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv/520px--Skating_in_Central_Park_Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" autoplay="" style="width:520px;height:400px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="50.175125" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Skating_in_Central_Park_Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Skating_in_Central_Park_Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-title="Original Ogg file, 520 × 400 (4.02 Mbps)" data-shorttitle="Ogg source" data-width="520" data-height="400" data-bandwidth="4017904" data-framerate="23.976023976024"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Skating_in_Central_Park_Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv/Skating_in_Central_Park_Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv.160p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Low bandwidth WebM (160P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 160P" data-transcodekey="160p.webm" data-width="208" data-height="160" data-bandwidth="164864" data-framerate="23.976023976024"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Skating_in_Central_Park_Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv/Skating_in_Central_Park_Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv.240p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="Small WebM (240P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 240P" data-transcodekey="240p.webm" data-width="312" data-height="240" data-bandwidth="291808" data-framerate="23.976023976024"/><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Skating_in_Central_Park_Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv/Skating_in_Central_Park_Frank-S.-Armitage-American-Mutoscope-And-Biograph-1900.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-title="WebM (360P)" data-shorttitle="WebM 360P" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="468" data-height="360" data-bandwidth="514112" data-framerate="23.976023976024"/></video>

values:
/wiki/Willard_Leroy_Metcalf
mw-redirect
Willard Leroy Metcalf

values: Edit section: The "Events Era" and second decline

values: box-sizing: border-box; float:right; overflow: hidden; margin: 1px;

values:
/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park
mw-redirect
Shakespeare in the Park

values:
/wiki/New_York_Philharmonic_Orchestra
mw-redirect
New York Philharmonic Orchestra

values:
/wiki/Central_Park_be-in
mw-redirect
Central Park be-in

values:
/wiki/New_York_City_Parks_Department
mw-redirect
New York City Parks Department

values: Edit section: Restoration and second renovation

values:
/wiki/Bethesda_Terrace
mw-redirect
Bethesda Terrace

values:
/wiki/Japanese_knotweed
mw-redirect
Japanese knotweed

values:
/wiki/Asher_B._Durand
mw-redirect
Asher B. Durand

values:
/wiki/Pickerel_weed
mw-redirect
Pickerel weed

values:
/wiki/Car-free_zones
mw-redirect
Car-free zones

values: New York City Department of Transportation

values:
/wiki/File:Cppan.jpg
image
Central Park panorama

values: margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; overflow:hidden; width:auto; max-width:808px;

values: -moz-column-width: 18em; -webkit-column-width: 18em; column-width: 18em;

values:
/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle_(New_York)
mw-redirect
Cleopatra's Needle (New York)

values:
/wiki/Before_Christ
mw-redirect
Before Christ

values: Edit section: Structures and exhibitions

values:
/wiki/William_Sherman
mw-redirect
William Sherman

values:
/wiki/Augustus_Caesar
mw-redirect
Augustus Caesar

values:
/wiki/Cleopatra_VII
mw-redirect
Cleopatra VII

values:
/wiki/William_H._Vanderbilt
mw-redirect
William H. Vanderbilt

values:
/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks
mw-redirect
September 11, 2001 attacks

values:
/wiki/Fordham_gneiss
mw-redirect
Fordham gneiss

values:
/wiki/Inwood_marble
mw-redirect
Inwood marble

values:
/wiki/Tectonic_plate
mw-redirect
Tectonic plate

values:
/wiki/Wisconsinan_glaciation
mw-redirect
Wisconsinan glaciation

values:
/wiki/Flowering_Dogwood
mw-redirect
Flowering Dogwood

values:
/wiki/American_elm
mw-redirect
American elm

values:
/wiki/Northeastern_U.S.
mw-redirect
Northeastern U.S.

values:
/wiki/Gleditsia_triacanthos
mw-redirect
Gleditsia triacanthos

values: -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;

values:
/wiki/Augustus_G._Paine,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Augustus G. Paine, Jr.

values:
/wiki/European_starling
mw-redirect
European starling

values:
/wiki/Carriage_horse
mw-redirect
Carriage horse

values:
/wiki/Universal_Studios
mw-redirect
Universal Studios

values:
/wiki/Rudolph_Giuliani
mw-redirect
Rudolph Giuliani

values: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals

values:
/wiki/Lawn_bowling
mw-redirect
Lawn bowling

values:
/wiki/1876_Centennial_Exposition
mw-redirect
1876 Centennial Exposition

values:
/wiki/Central_Park_West
mw-redirect
Central Park West

values:
nofollow
http://www.naumburgconcerts.org/
external text

values:
/wiki/New_York_Shakespeare_Festival
mw-redirect
New York Shakespeare Festival

values:
/wiki/Bob_Marley_and_The_Wailers
mw-redirect
Bob Marley and The Wailers

values: Concert in Central Park by Simon and Garfunkel

values: 59th Street–Columbus Circle (New York City Subway)

values: Central Park North–110th Street (IRT Lenox Avenue Line)

values: Fifth Avenue–59th Street (BMT Broadway Line)

values: Elite Carriage Parade (page does not exist)

values: 2004 Republican National Convention protest activity

values: width: 183.7177734375px; margin: 0px auto;

values: width: 244.95703125px; margin: 0px auto;

values:
/wiki/Central_Park_South
mw-redirect
Central Park South

values:
/wiki/Jumeirah_Essex_House
mw-redirect
Jumeirah Essex House

values:
/wiki/GE_Building
mw-redirect
GE Building

values:
thumb
width: 203.875px; margin: 0px auto;

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nycgovparks.org/about/faq

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.newsweek.com/id/41307

values:
/wiki/New_York_Magazine
mw-redirect
New York Magazine

values:
nofollow
http://www.crca.net/racing/
external text

values:
/wiki/District_Attorney
mw-redirect
District Attorney

values:
/wiki/New_York_County
mw-redirect
New York County

values:
nofollow
external text
http://zipporah.com/films/12

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em;

values: border:1px solid #aaa;background-color:#f9f9f9;font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em

values:
kmldata
en.wikipedia.org
Template:Attached KML/Central Park
display:none;

values:
nofollow
http://www.centralparknyc.org/
external text

values: New York City-Manhattan-Central Park (Gentry).jpg

values:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Central_Park_SummerStage
mw-redirect
Central Park SummerStage

values: 81st Street–Museum of Natural History (IND Eighth Avenue Line)

values: Cathedral Parkway–110th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Template:Visitor attractions in New York City

values: Template talk:Visitor attractions in New York City

values: List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City

values: Template:Protected areas of New York City

values: Template talk:Protected areas of New York City

values: Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site

values:
/wiki/General_Grant_National_Memorial
mw-redirect
General Grant National Memorial

values: List of areas in the United States National Park System

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values: Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park

values:
/wiki/Asphalt_Green
mw-redirect
Asphalt Green

values:
/wiki/British_Garden_at_Hanover_Square
mw-redirect
British Garden at Hanover Square

values:
/wiki/Captain_Patrick_J._Brown_Walk
mw-redirect
Captain Patrick J. Brown Walk

values:
/wiki/City_Hall_Park
mw-redirect
City Hall Park

values: Corlears Hook Park (page does not exist)

values: Dag Hammarskjold Plaza (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/East_River_Esplanade
mw-redirect
East River Esplanade

values:
/wiki/Hamilton_Fish_Park
mw-redirect
Hamilton Fish Park

values: Holcombe Rucker Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Jay_Hood_Wright_Park
mw-redirect
Jay Hood Wright Park

values:
/wiki/Jackson_Square_Park
mw-redirect
Jackson Square Park

values: Louis Cuvillier Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Madison_Square
mw-redirect
Madison Square

values:
/wiki/Mill_Rock_Park
mw-redirect
Mill Rock Park

values: Murphy's Brother's Playground (page does not exist)

values: Queen Elizabeth II September 11th Garden

values: Richard Tucker Square (page does not exist)

values: Roosevelt Triangle (page does not exist)

values: Samuel N. Bennerson 2nd Playground (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Sheridan_Square
mw-redirect
Sheridan Square

values: Swindler Cove Park (page does not exist)

values: Thomas Jefferson Park (page does not exist)

values: Winston Churchill Park (page does not exist)

values: American Veterans Memorial Pier (page does not exist)

values: Amersfort Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Bensonhurst Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Breukelen Ballfields Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Brower_Park,_Brooklyn
mw-redirect
Brower Park, Brooklyn

values: Byrne Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Calvert Vaux Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Columbus Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)

values: Coney Island Beach & Boardwalk (page does not exist)

values: Coney Island Creek Park (page does not exist)

values: Continental Army Plaza, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Dyker Beach Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Four Sparrow Marsh (page does not exist)

values: Frank M Charles Memorial Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Fresh Creek Nature Preserve (page does not exist)

values: Gravesend Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Green Central Knoll (page does not exist)

values: Herbert Von King Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Highland_Park,_Brooklyn
mw-redirect
Highland Park, Brooklyn

values: Irving Square Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Jamaica_Bay_Park
mw-redirect
Jamaica Bay Park

values:
/wiki/Leif_Ericson_Park
mw-redirect
Leif Ericson Park

values: Leon S Kaiser Playground, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Lincoln Terrace Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Linden Park (Brooklyn) (page does not exist)

values: Linton Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Manhattan Beach Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: McKinley Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Owl%27s_Head_Park
mw-redirect
Owl's Head Park

values: Paerdegat Basin Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Red_Hook_Park
mw-redirect
Red Hook Park

values: Robert E. Venable Park (page does not exist)

values: Seaside Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Seth Low Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Shore Park and Parkway (page does not exist)

values: St. Johns Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values: Tompkins Park, Brooklyn (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Zion_Triangle
mw-redirect
Zion Triangle

values: Bicentennial Veterans Memorial Park (page does not exist)

values: City Island Wetlands (page does not exist)

values: Givans Creek Woods (page does not exist)

values: Grant Park (Bronx) (page does not exist)

values: Harris Park (Bronx) (page does not exist)

values: Joseph Rodman Drake Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Joyce_Kilmer_Park
mw-redirect
Joyce Kilmer Park

values: Julius Richman Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Mullaly_Park
mw-redirect
Mullaly Park

values: North and South Brother Islands, New York

values:
/wiki/Orchard_Beach,_Bronx
mw-redirect
Orchard Beach, Bronx

values: Pugsley Creek Park (page does not exist)

values: Raoul Wallenberg Forest (page does not exist)

values: Richman (Echo) Park (page does not exist)

values: Riverdale Park (Bronx) (page does not exist)

values: Saint Mary's Park, Bronx (page does not exist)

values: Spuyten Duyvil Shorefront Park (page does not exist)

values: St. James Park (Bronx) (page does not exist)

values: Vinmont Veteran Park (page does not exist)

values: Beach Channel Park (page does not exist)

values: Brant Point Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)

values: Broad Channel American Park (page does not exist)

values: Broad Channel Park (page does not exist)

values: Broad Channel Wetlands (page does not exist)

values: Captain Tilly Park (page does not exist)

values: Detective Keith L Williams Park (page does not exist)

values: Detective William T. Gunn Park (page does not exist)

values: Dr. Charles R. Drew Park (page does not exist)

values: Dubos Point Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)

values: Evergreen Park (Queens) (page does not exist)

values: Francis Lewis Park (page does not exist)

values: Frank Principe Park (page does not exist)

values: Highland Park (Queens) (page does not exist)

values: Hoffman Park (Queens) (page does not exist)

values: Hunter's Point Park (page does not exist)

values: Idlewild Park (Queens) (page does not exist)

values: Louis Pasteur Park (page does not exist)

values: Overlook Park (Queens) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Park_of_the_Americas
mw-redirect
Park of the Americas

values: Phil "Scooter" Rizzuto Park (page does not exist)

values: Police Officer Edward Byrne Park (page does not exist)

values: Powell's Cove Park (page does not exist)

values: Railroad Park (Queens) (page does not exist)

values: Ralph Demarco Park (page does not exist)

values: Rockaway Community Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Rufus_King_Park
mw-redirect
Rufus King Park

values: Seagirt Avenue Wetlands (page does not exist)

values: Udall's Park Preserve (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Amundsen_Circle
mw-redirect
Amundsen Circle

values: Arbutus Woods Park (page does not exist)

values: Bayview Terrace Park (page does not exist)

values: Corporal Thompson Park (page does not exist)

values: Crescent Beach Park (page does not exist)

values: Faber Pool and Park (page does not exist)

values: Fairview Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)

values: Father Macris Park (page does not exist)

values: Forest Grove (Staten Island) (page does not exist)

values: South Beach-Franklin Delano Roosevelt Boardwalk

values: Graniteville Quarry Park (page does not exist)

values: Graniteville Swamp Park (page does not exist)

values: High Rock Park Preserve (page does not exist)

values: Huguenot Ponds Park (page does not exist)

values: Hybrid Oak Woods Park (page does not exist)

values: Last Chance Pond Park (page does not exist)

values: LaTourette Park & Golf Course (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Lemon_Creek,_Staten_Island#Parks
mw-redirect
Lemon Creek, Staten Island

values: General Douglas MacArthur Park, Staten Island (page does not exist)

values: Maple Woods (Staten Island) (page does not exist)

values: Mariners Marsh Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Midland_Beach
mw-redirect
Midland Beach

values: Ocean Breeze Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)

values: Old Place Creek Park (page does not exist)

values: Olmsted-Beil House Park (page does not exist)

values: Reed's Basket Willow Swamp Park (page does not exist)

values: Richmond Terrace Wetlands (page does not exist)

values: Saw Mill Creek Marsh (page does not exist)

values: Seaside Wildlife Nature Park (page does not exist)

values: Snug Harbor Cultural Center & Botanical Garden

values: South Beach Wetlands (page does not exist)

values: Staten Island Industrial Park (page does not exist)

values: Tompkinsville Park (page does not exist)

values: Tottenville Shore Park (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Walker_Park
mw-redirect
Walker Park

values: Westwood Park (Staten Island) (page does not exist)

values: Dana Discovery Center (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Forest_Park_(Queens,_New_York)
mw-redirect
Forest Park (Queens, New York)

values: Greenbelt Nature Center (page does not exist)

values: High Rock Nature Center (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Marine_Park_(Brooklyn)
mw-redirect
Marine Park (Brooklyn)

values:
/wiki/Staten_Island_Botanical_Garden
mw-redirect
Staten Island Botanical Garden

values:
/wiki/Southpoint_Park
mw-redirect
Southpoint Park

values: List of New York City parks relating to World War I

values: List of New York City parks relating to the Vietnam War

values: Category:Protected areas of New York City

values: commons:Category:Protected areas of New York City

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Template talk:New York City Historic Sites

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in New York County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Kings County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Richmond County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Bronx County, New York

values: List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state

values: List of National Historic Landmarks in New York

values: New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission

values: List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan

values: List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Brooklyn

values: List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Queens

values: List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Staten Island

values: List of New York City Designated Landmarks in the Bronx

values: Template:National Register of Historic Places in New York

values: Template talk:National Register of Historic Places in New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in New York

values: History of the National Register of Historic Places

values: National Register of Historic Places property types

values:
navbox-image
4
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Albany County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Allegany County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in the Bronx

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Broome County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Cattaraugus County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Cayuga County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Chautauqua County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Chemung County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Chenango County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Clinton County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Columbia County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Cortland County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Delaware County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Dutchess County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Erie County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Essex County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Franklin County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Fulton County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Genesee County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Greene County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Hamilton County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Herkimer County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Jefferson County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Brooklyn

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Lewis County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Livingston County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Madison County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Monroe County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Montgomery County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Nassau County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Niagara County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Oneida County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Onondaga County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Ontario County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Orange County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Orleans County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Oswego County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Otsego County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Putnam County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Queens, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Rensselaer County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Staten Island

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockland County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Saratoga County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Schenectady County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Schoharie County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Schuyler County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Seneca County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Lawrence County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Steuben County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Suffolk County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Sullivan County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Tioga County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Tompkins County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Ulster County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Warren County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wayne County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Westchester County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Westchester County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Westchester County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Yates County, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Albany, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Buffalo, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in New Rochelle, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan below 14th Street

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 59th to 110th Streets

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan above 110th Street

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan on islands

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Niagara Falls, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Peekskill, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Poughkeepsie, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Rhinebeck, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Rochester, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Syracuse, New York

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in Yonkers, New York

values: List of bridges and tunnels on the National Register of Historic Places in New York

values: Category:National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)

values: Portal:National Register of Historic Places

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
nofollow
external text
https://viaf.org/viaf/315146053

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4480303-5

values: Category:1873 establishments in New York (state)

values: Category:Landscape design history of the United States

values: Category:National Historic Landmarks in Manhattan

values: Category:Parks on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)

values: Category:Urban forests in the United States

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2017

values: Category:Articles with permanently dead external links

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Articles using KML from Wikidata

values: Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with VIAF identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Articles containing video clips

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Central_Park
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: سنترال بارك – Arabic

values: Tiong-iong Kong-hn̂g (New York Chhī) – Chinese (Min Nan)

values: Сентръл Парк – Bulgarian

values: Central Park (parke sa Estados Unidos, New York, New York County, lat 40,78, long -73,97) – Cebuano

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle

values: Σέντραλ Παρκ (Νέα Υόρκη) – Greek

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle

values: پارک مرکزی نیویورک – Persian

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: 센트럴 파크 – Korean

values: Կենտրոնական պարկ – Armenian

values: סנטרל פארק – Hebrew

values: ცენტრალ-პარკი (ნიუ-იორკი) – Georgian

values: Централен парк (Њујорк) – Macedonian

values: सेंट्रल पार्क – Marathi

values: セントラル・パーク – Japanese

values: Центральный парк (Нью-Йорк) – Russian

values: Сентрал парк – Serbian

values: เซ็นทรัลพาร์ก – Thai

values: Центральний парк (Нью-Йорк) – Ukrainian

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Central_Park rootpage-Central_Park skin-vector action-view