text:
Mike's Hard Lemonade Co.
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Mike's Hard Lemonade Co.
Founded
April 1, 1999 (April 1, 1999)
Headquarters
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Products
Beverages
Website
mikeshard.com
Mike's Hard Lemonade Co. is a ready to drink beverage manufacturer based in the United States. It is distributed by Labatt Breweries of Canada in Canada, Mark Anthony Group in the United States and owned by Mark Anthony Group globally. The company produces a family of products based on its original Mike's Hard Lemonade, first introduced in Canada in 1996, a mix of malt liquor, natural flavors and carbonated water. Mike's entered the U.S. market on April 1, 1999, changing the beverage to a mixture of lemonade flavor and an unflavored malt liquor base, due to differing tax and beverage laws.
Mike's Hard Lemonade 330ml glass bottles.
Founded in 1999 by Anthony von Mandl,[1] the company moved its headquarters from Lakewood, Colorado to Seattle, Washington in 2005 to be closer to its former parent, Mark Anthony Group Inc. of Vancouver, B.C., Canada, a privately owned manufacturer and distributor of wines, hard ciders, and other alcoholic beverages. In Sept. 2013, the company announced it was moving its headquarters to Chicago.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Products
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Products[edit]
Mike's makes a family of products based on the original Mike's Hard Lemonade theme, including:
Mike's Hard Cranberry Lemonade, Limeade, Black Cherry Lemonade, Raspberry Lemonade, Black Raspberry Lemonade, Strawberry Lemonade, Peach Lemonade, Pink Lemonade, and Watermelon
Mike's Hard Winter Blackberry
Mike's Hard Blood Orange
Mike's Harder Lemonade, Cranberry Lemonade, Blueberry Lemonade, Black Cherry Lemonade, Strawberry Lemonade, Limeade, Mango, and Blood Orange.
Mike's The Classic Margarita in Traditional Lime, Raspberry, Peach, and Strawberry.
Mike's Harder Margarita
Mike's Hard Punch in Mango and Fruit flavors
Mike's Harder Punch in Mango, Fruit Punch, Grape, Orange Citrus, Strawberry Pineapple and Cherry Lime
Mike's Hard Chocolate Cherry
Mike's Lite Hard Lemonade and Cranberry Lemonade[3]
Mike's Authentic Shandy
Mike's Hard Smashed Apple Cider in Crisp Apple and Classic Dry
Mike's Hard Frozen in Black Cherry Lemonade, Strawberry Lemonade, Lemonade, and Classic Margarita
Mike's Hard Raspberry Elderflower Lemonade
See also[edit]
List of lemonade topics
References[edit]
Jump up ^ JOHN COOK, SEATTLE POST-INTELLIGENCER REPORTER (16 February 2005). "Mike's malt execs like flavor of Seattle". seattlepi.com.
Jump up ^ Illinois Government News Network - Governor Quinn Announces Mike’s Hard Lemonade Opens U.S. Headquarters Office in Illinois Retrieved 13 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "mike's Hard Lemonade". Retrieved 6 November 2011. [permanent dead link]
External links[edit]
Official website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mike%27s_Hard_Lemonade_Co.&oldid=824324129"
Categories:
Alcopop
Lemonade
Drink companies of Canada
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Companies based in Seattle
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text:
The Light Between Oceans (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Light Between Oceans
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Derek Cianfrance
Produced by
David Heyman
Jeffrey Clifford
Screenplay by
Derek Cianfrance
Based on
The Light Between Oceans
by M. L. Stedman
Starring
Michael Fassbender
Alicia Vikander
Rachel Weisz
Bryan Brown
Jack Thompson
Music by
Alexandre Desplat
Cinematography
Adam Arkapaw
Edited by
Jim Helton
Ron Patane
Production
companies
DreamWorks Pictures
Reliance Entertainment
Participant Media
Heyday Films
Distributed by
Walt Disney Studios
Motion Pictures
Entertainment One Films (UK)
Release date
September 1, 2016 (2016-09-01) (Venice)
September 2, 2016 (2016-09-02) (United States)
November 1, 2016 (2016-11-01) (United Kingdom)
Running time
132 minutes[1]
Country
United States
United Kingdom
Australia
New Zealand
Language
English
Budget
$20 million[2]
Box office
$26 million[2]
The Light Between Oceans is a 2016 romantic period drama film written and directed by Derek Cianfrance and based on the 2012 novel of the same name by M. L. Stedman. An international co-production between the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand, the film stars Michael Fassbender, Alicia Vikander, Rachel Weisz, Bryan Brown, and Jack Thompson. The film tells the story of a lighthouse keeper and his wife who rescue and adopt an infant girl adrift at sea. Years later, the couple discovers the child's true parentage and are faced with the moral dilemma of their actions.
The Light Between Oceans had its world premiere at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival on September 1, 2016,[3] where it competed for the Golden Lion.[4] The film was released by Touchstone Pictures in North America on September 2, 2016,[5] being the last DreamWorks Pictures film distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures through their 2011 output deal.[6] The film was released in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2016, by Entertainment One Films.[7] It received mixed reviews and grossed $26 million worldwide.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
3.2 Post-production
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Tom Sherbourne, a traumatised and withdrawn hero of World War I, is hired as a lightkeeper at Janus Rock, a lighthouse off the coast of Western Australia. He falls in love with a local girl, Isabel Graysmark, and they marry in 1921. Isabel loses two pregnancies in three years, and fears she may never become a mother.
Shortly after Isabel's second miscarriage, a rowboat containing a dead man and a newborn baby girl washes up on the shore near the lighthouse. Tom knows that regulations require him to report the discovery. However, Isabel fears that the baby will almost certainly be sent to an orphanage, and persuades Tom to pass the baby off as their own. Tom grudgingly agrees. He buries the man on the island and they name the girl Lucy.
As Tom and Isabel are about to have Lucy christened on the mainland, Tom sees a woman, Hannah Roennfeldt, kneeling in front of a grave, bearing the names of Frank Roennfeldt and his baby daughter Grace Ellen, who were lost at sea on the day they found Lucy, 26 April 1923. Tom fears that Lucy might very well be Hannah's missing daughter. He writes anonymously to her to tell her that her husband is dead but that her baby is safe and well cared-for.
Four years later, Tom, Isabel, and Lucy, who have enjoyed an idyllic life together, attend a ceremony for the anniversary of Tom's lighthouse, and they strike up a conversation with Hannah and her sister, Gwen Potts. They learn that Frank was a German, that Hannah's marrying him so soon after the First World war was controversial, and that he had been accosted in the street by a drunken crowd. He jumped into a rowboat and fled along with his baby daughter. Tormented by his conscience, Tom sends Hannah a small rattle that was found with Lucy on the boat. One of Tom's co-workers recognizes the rattle on a reward poster, and reports him to the police.
Tom takes full responsibility, claiming he bullied Isabel into complying. Isabel is enraged that Tom is willing to give Lucy away, and breaks off contact with him after his arrest. Lucy is returned to her birth family, but initially rejects and hates them, having no memory of them. She refuses to answer to "Grace", and even runs away in an effort to go back to the lighthouse.
The police accuse Tom of murdering Frank, and are unable to draw an answer from the distraught Isabel as to whether he was dead when they discovered him. Just as Tom is about to be taken by boat to Albany for trial, Isabel reads a letter which Tom had sent her, writing of how he had not deserved his happiness with her and how carrying the blame will assuage his guilt for surviving the war. She jumps on the boat and confesses everything. Moved by their gesture, Hannah offers to speak on their behalf at trial. Lucy has at last begun to bond with her biological mother and grandfather, who agrees to call her "Lucy-Grace" as a compromise.
In 1950, an adult Lucy-Grace Rutherford, accompanied by her baby son Christopher, tracks Tom down. She has not been in contact with the Sherbournes for over twenty years, as they had agreed not to contact her for the rest of her childhood. Isabel has recently died, still tormented with guilt for her actions, and Tom gives Lucy-Grace a letter that she wrote for her in case she ever made contact. An emotional Lucy-Grace thanks Tom, the only father she knew, for rescuing and raising her for the few years on Janus, and they promise to stay in touch.
Cast[edit]
Michael Fassbender as Tom Sherbourne
Alicia Vikander as Isabel Graysmark Sherbourne
Rachel Weisz as Hannah Roennfeldt
Bryan Brown as Septimus Potts
Jack Thompson as Ralph Addicott
Caren Pistorius as Lucy-Grace Rutherford (Adult Lucy-Grace)
Florence Clery as 4-year-old Lucy Sherbourne / Grace Roennfeldt / Lucy-Grace
Georgie Jean Gascoigne as 1-year-old Lucy / Grace
Elliot and Evangeline Newbery as Baby Lucy / Grace
Anthony Hayes as Vernon Knuckey
Emily Barclay as Gwen Potts
Leon Ford as Frank Roennfeldt
Thomas Unger as Bluey
Benedict Hardie as Harry Garstone
Jane Menelaus as Violet Graysmark
Garry McDonald as Bill Graysmark
Production[edit]
DreamWorks acquired the rights to the novel on November 27, 2012, with David Heyman and Jeffrey Clifford producing through Heyday Films.[9] DreamWorks approached Derek Cianfrance at the behest of Steven Spielberg, who was impressed by Cianfrance's Blue Valentine.[10] In September 2013, Cianfrance was announced to direct the film.[11] In May 2014, Michael Fassbender was announced in the film.[12] In June 2014, Alicia Vikander joined the cast of the film,[13] followed by Rachel Weisz in July 2014.[13][14][15] Participant Media joined the production in August 2014.[16]
Filming[edit]
The Light Between Oceans film location, George Street, Port Chalmers, New Zealand
Principal photography started in September 2014, with filming locations in New Zealand and Australia.[17][18][19] Filming took place in Dunedin, Port Chalmers[20] and on the Otago Peninsula, Saint Bathans in Central Otago and at the Cape Campbell Lighthouse in Marlborough.[21] Filming sites included the former Dunedin Prison in Dunedin[22] and Stuart Street at the former King Edward Technical College building.[23]
Footage aboard a steam train was filmed in October inside a refurbished wooden "bird cage" passenger carriage from the Pleasant Point Railway in South Canterbury. Mainline Steam Heritage Trust used Ja 1240 "Jessica" for the movie and it was transferred from the trust's Christchurch depot to Dunedin for filming to take place.[22][23] While the scene in which the locomotive is used was set in 1918, locomotive Ja 1240 was built in 1947 and was the second New Zealand Railways JA class locomotive to be built. Built at New Zealand Railways Hillside workshops in Dunedin it ran exclusively in the South Island of New Zealand from 1947 until 1971.
In November the production moved to Australia and filming began in Stanley, Tasmania[24] where the crews transformed some locations in the town including the pier, which was refurbished, and the road, which was covered in gravel.[25][26] Production wrapped on November 24, 2014.[27]
Post-production[edit]
Cianfrance spent a year editing the film, with little breaks in between[28] with the first cut of the film ending up at 2 hours and 20 minutes.[29]
Release[edit]
The Light Between Oceans held its world premiere at the 73rd Venice International Film Festival on September 1, 2016.[30][31] The film was distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures through the Touchstone Pictures banner, being the last DreamWorks film to be released under the original agreement with Walt Disney Studios.[32][33][34] Disney released the film in the United States on September 2, 2016.[35] Disney opted not to give the film a limited release, a method often used by studios for adult dramas, and instead issued the film in general wide release at 1,500 locations with focus on upscale venues.[36]
Disney also distributed The Light Between Oceans overseas, except for territories in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, where distribution was handled by Mister Smith Entertainment through other third-party film distributors;[37] Entertainment One Films in the United Kingdom,[38] Reliance in India, Arthouse in Russia,[39] Eagle Pictures in Italy,[40] and Phantom Film in Japan.
The Light Between Oceans was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on January 24, 2017.[41]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
The Light Between Oceans grossed $12.5 million in North America and $13.3 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $26 million, against a budget of $20 million.[2]
In the United States, the film was released on September 2, 2016, alongside Morgan, and was projected to gross $6–9 million from around 1,500 theaters in its opening weekend.[42][43] It grossed $1.4 million on its first day and $4.8 million in its opening weekend, finishing 6th at the box office.[44]
Critical response[edit]
The Light Between Oceans received mixed reviews from critics.[8] On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 59%, based on 205 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Light Between Oceans presents a well-acted and handsomely mounted adaptation of its bestselling source material, but ultimately tugs on the heartstrings too often to be effective."[45] On Metacritic, the film has an average score of 60 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[46] According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "B+", on an A+ to F scale.[47]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Light Between Oceans (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Light Between Oceans (2016)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Light Between Oceans". Venice Film Festival. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Venice Film Festival 2016". Deadline. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (February 9, 2016). "Michael Fassbender, Alicia Vikander's 'Light Between Oceans' Lands Fall Release Date". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (August 31, 2016). "Box Office: 'Don't Breathe' to Top Newcomers in Slow Labor Day Weekend". Variety. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cranswick, Amie (July 7, 2016). "First poster for The Light Between Oceans starring Michael Fassbender and Alicia Vikander". Flickering Myth. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "'The Light Between Oceans' Critical Roundup: Derek Cianfrance's Melodrama Leaves Reviewers at Sea". IndieWire.
Jump up ^ "DreamWorks Acquiring Debut Novel 'The Light Between Oceans'". deadline.com. November 27, 2012. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Galuppo, Mia (September 2, 2016). "'The Light Between Oceans' Director Talks Living on an Island With Alicia Vikander, Michael Fassbender". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Derek Cianfrance To Direct DreamWorks Adaptation 'The Light Between Oceans'". deadline.com. September 3, 2013. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://www.empireonline.com/movies/news/michael-fassbender-finds-light-oceans/
^ Jump up to: a b "Alicia Vikander Landing Leads In 'Light Between Oceans' And 'Danish Girl'". deadline.com. June 19, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Rachel Weisz joins Michael Fassbender in Derek Cianfrance's 'The Light Between Oceans'". slashfilm.com. May 14, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Rachel Weisz in Talks to Join Michael Fassbender in 'Light Between Oceans'". thewrap.com. July 10, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Participant Joins DreamWorks On Spielberg Cold War Pic & 'The Light Between Oceans'". deadline.com.
Jump up ^ "The Light Between Oceans Filming Locations". IMDB. IMDB. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (August 12, 2014). "DreamWorks Sets Fall Start For 'Light Between Oceans' With Michael Fassbender, Alicia Vikander, Rachel Weisz". deadline.com. Retrieved August 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "X-Men star heads to Marlborough". stuff.co.nz.
Jump up ^ Loughrey, David (October 28, 2014). "'Incredibly valuable' - City, surrounds lure film-makers". odt.co.nz. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Elder, Vaughan (September 12, 2014). "'Major' film coup for Otago". odt.co.nz. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Elder, Vaughan (October 23, 2014). "Busy time for film support crew". odt.co.nz. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Lights, camera, action". odt.co.nz. October 30, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sargent, Aryelle (November 14, 2014). "Dreamworks film brings set to Stanley". theadvocate.com.au. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Sargent, Aryelle (November 14, 2014). "Stanley transformed". theadvocate.com.au. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ Dadson, Manika (November 14, 2014). "Stanley abuzz as filming nears". examiner.com.au. Retrieved November 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "On the Set for 11/24/14: Natalie Portman Wraps Up Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, Point Break Swims to Shore & More". SSN Insider. November 24, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Weintraub, Steve (September 1, 2016). "Derek Cianfrance on 'Light Between Oceans', the Lengthy Editing Process, the Release Date, and More". Collider. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ McGovern, Joe (August 13, 2016). "The Light Between Oceans director on Michael Fassbender, Alicia Vikander: 'The movie witnessed love'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ritman, Alex (July 28, 2016). "Venice Film Festival Unveils Lineup for 73rd Edition". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Light Between Oceans". Venice Film Festival. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (February 9, 2016). "Michael Fassbender-Alicia Vikander Drama 'Light Between Oceans' Gets September Release". Variety. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pamela McClintock; Gregg Kilday (December 16, 2015). "Steven Spielberg, Jeff Skoll Team to Form Amblin Partners, Strike Distribution Deal With Universal". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "DreamWorks Studios, Participant Media, Reliance Entertainment and Entertainment One Form Amblin Partners, a New Film, Television and Digital Content Creation Company" (Press release). Business Wire. Universal City, California. December 16, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015. Film projects in various stages of production include: “The BFG,” and “The Light Between Oceans,” scheduled for release by Disney in 2016.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (February 9, 2016). "Oscar Bait Fassbender-Vikander Film 'The Light Between Oceans' Dated For Next Awards Season". Deadline.com. Retrieved February 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ D' Alessandro, Anthony (September 6, 2016). "'Light Between Oceans' Opens Soft: Did Disney Dump Final DreamWorks Release?". Deadline.com. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Barraclough, Leo (May 8, 2015). "David Garrett, Ralpho Borgos Hope to Take Mr. Smith Shingle to the Summit". Variety. Retrieved February 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Woburn, Dan (February 24, 2016). "First Trailer For Oscar 2017 Favourite The Light Between Oceans". What Culture. Retrieved June 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Williams, Emma (March 31, 2016). "Michael Fassbender-Alicia Vikander drama sells to Russia". Screendaily.com. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ Tosini, Matteo (August 24, 2016). "Venezia 73: Michael Fassbender e Alicia Vikander nel trailer italiano di La Luce sugli Oceani". Bad Taste. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Epic Romance 'The Light Between Oceans' Hits Blu-ray In January 2". November 2, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Don't Breathe' likely to beat 'Light Between Oceans' and 'Morgan' in Labor Day box office". LosAngelesTimes.com.
Jump up ^ "Labor Day Box Office Offers Few Options With 'Morgan', 'Light Between Oceans'". deadline.com.
Jump up ^ "Don't Breathe' Still Has Oxygen, 'Suicide Squad' Seizes $300M+, 'Morgan' D.O.A. : Labor Day Weekend B.O. – Saturday Update". deadline.com.
Jump up ^ "The Light Between Oceans (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Light Between Oceans Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". CinemaScope.
External links[edit]
2010s portal
Australia portal
cinema of the United States portal
New Zealand portal
United Kingdom portal
Official website
The Light Between Oceans on IMDb
The Light Between Oceans at Box Office Mojo
The Light Between Oceans at Metacritic
The Light Between Oceans at Rotten Tomatoes
[hide]
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Films directed by Derek Cianfrance
Brother Tied (1998)
Blue Valentine (2010)
The Place Beyond the Pines (2012)
The Light Between Oceans (2016)
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Let There Be Peace on Earth (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the 1955 song. For the 1993 Vince Gill album, see Let There Be Peace on Earth (album).
"Let There Be Peace on Earth" is a song written by Jill Jackson-Miller and Sy Miller in 1955. It was initially written for and sung by the International Children's Choir created by Easter Beakly and Arthur Granger of the Granger Dance Academy in Long Beach, California. The song's composers led a number of rehearsals for the children's choir from 1955 to 1957, and the song continues to be the theme for this group of children who represent a host of nations and who sang in Washington, DC at the JW Marriott next to the White House in 2002.[1]
Jackson-Miller, who had been suicidal after the failure of a marriage, later said that she wrote the song after discovering what she called the "life-saving joy of God's peace and unconditional love."
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Covers and performances
2.1 2015 lyric controversy
3 References
4 External links
Overview[edit]
The song is performed worldwide throughout the year, and particularly during the Christmas season, which has led to it being considered a Christmas song. It is included in the hymnals of a variety of Christian denominations,[2] and is used in worship services even by a number of denominations that do not include it in their hymnals.
The original lyrics for "Let There Be Peace on Earth" have been altered on many occasions for differing reasons, including for gender neutrality (where "father" is replaced with "creator", and "brother" is replaced with "family" or "each other"), and secularity (where "God as our Father" is replaced with "Earth as our Mother" or "love as our compass"[3]). Both the gender-neutral and secular alternate lyrics have been copyrighted by the original licensing agent of the song.[4]
Covers and performances[edit]
On November 7, 1988, it was performed by the GMA Stars and Personalities along with the small group of children with lighted candles in honor of the Launching of GMA-7's 777-foot Tower of Power in Tandang Sora, Quezon City, the tallest man-made structure in the country used for the Towering Power: A Musical Dedication.
In 1993, the song was famously covered by American country music artist Vince Gill in a duet with his daughter Jenny. Gill released the cover as part of his platinum-selling Christmas album Let There Be Peace on Earth, named after the song.
It is the final song during the holidays each year during the "IllumiNations: Reflections of Earth" firework show at Epcot at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. It previously featured narration by Walter Cronkite and the vocal talents of Sandi Patti and Harlem Boys Choir.
In 2007, there was a campaign by a Pennsylvania woman to persuade churches to sing this song at the close of the Sunday service nearest to the anniversary of the September 11 attacks and to establish a tradition of "Peace on Earth" Day.[5]
The song was performed by the Young People's Chorus of New York City on September 25, 2015 at the close of the Interfaith Prayer Service and Remembrance, presided over by Pope Francis, at Ground Zero in New York.[6]
In 2017 Carlos Santana and Ernie/Ronnie Isley released the song on their Power of Peace album, which arrived on July 28 from Sony Music’s Legacy Recordings.
2015 lyric controversy[edit]
During the 2015 Christmas holiday season, American technology company Microsoft garnered controversy when they released an advertisement featuring the song that skipped over the verse "With God as our Father, brothers all are we / Let me walk with my brother, in perfect harmony."[7][8][9] In response, the company released a second, longer version of the advertisement that included the omitted verse with the original 1955 lyrics intact.[8][10]
In 2017 Carlos Santana and Ernie/Ronnie Isley released the song on their Power of Peace album, which arrived on July 28 from Sony Music’s Legacy Recordings.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Roberta Haley Savage Washington DC 2002 "Even as a child I knew that rehearsals with Ms. Jackson were special," said Savage. "Every time I hear that song I smile and thank Ms. Jackson." Rev> the 'Daily News of Los Angeles (April 25, 1987) page 25: "Jill Jackson-Miller, composer of 'Let There Be Peace on Earth,' will speak at 11 a.m. Sunday at West Valley Unity Church, Reseda."
Jump up ^ http://www.hymnary.org/text/let_there_be_peace_on_earth
Jump up ^ "Let There Be Peace on Earth" Erickson Elementary School (Concert Finally). Youtube. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Jan-Lee Music - Copyright Info and Lyrics
Jump up ^ Christie Campbell. "Let there be peace on Earth," Observer-Reporter (Washington, PA), August 31, 2007, page C8.
Jump up ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2015/09/25/the-story-behind-pope-franciss-interfaith-service-at-ground-zero/
Jump up ^ Gryboski, Michael (December 7, 2015). "Microsoft Removes God From 'Let There Be Peace on Earth' Lyrics in New Ad". Christian Post. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Hallowell, Billy (December 8, 2015). "Microsoft Cuts 'God' Out of Popular Song's Lyrics in Holiday Commercial — Watch It Here". The Blaze. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Microsoft spreads the spirit of the season on 5th Ave (TV Commercial). Youtube. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Microsoft spreads the spirit of the season on 5th Ave. Youtube. Retrieved August 26, 2016.
External links[edit]
History of the Song "Let There Be Peace on Earth"
Biography of Jill Jackson, with photos and film background
Brief notes on Jill Jackson
Interview with Jill Jackson on Humankind Public Radio by David Freudberg
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Let_There_Be_Peace_on_Earth_(song)&oldid=802093370"
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Sons of Liberty
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see Sons of Liberty (disambiguation).
Sons of Liberty
1st row: Samuel Adams • Benedict Arnold • John Hancock • Patrick Henry • James Otis, Jr.
2nd row: Paul Revere • James Swan • Alexander McDougall • Benjamin Rush • Charles Thomson
3rd row: Joseph Warren • Marinus Willett • Oliver Wolcott • Christopher Gadsden • Haym Salomon

Not pictured: Hercules Mulligan, Thomas Melvill, Isaac Sears
Motto
No taxation without representation
Formation
1765
Dissolved
1776
Type
Patriot, paramilitary, political organizations
Legal status
defunct
Location
Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay, New York City, Province of New York, Providence, Rhode Island, Province of Rhode Island, Newport, Rhode Island, Province of New Hampshire, Province of New Jersey, Province of Maryland, Virginia Colony
A 1765 broadside, regarding the "Sons of Liberty" organizations and their principles
Nine stripe Sons of Liberty flag
The Sons of Liberty was a secret organization that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies to advance the rights of the European colonists and to fight taxation by the British government. It played a major role in most colonies in battling the Stamp Act in 1765.[1] The group officially disbanded after the Stamp Act was repealed. However, the name was applied to other local separatist groups during the years preceding the American Revolution.[2]
In the popular thought, the Sons of Liberty was a formal underground organization with recognized members and leaders. More likely, the name was an underground term for any men resisting new Crown taxes and laws.[3] The well-known label allowed organizers to make or create anonymous summons to a Liberty Tree, "Liberty Pole", or other public meeting-place. Furthermore, a unifying name helped to promote inter-Colonial efforts against Parliament and the Crown's actions. Their motto became "No taxation without representation."[4]
Contents
1 History
1.1 New York
2 Flags
3 Notable Sons of Liberty
4 Later societies
5 Modern references
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
8.1 18th century Sons
8.2 Later groups
9 External links
History[edit]
The Bostonian Paying the Excise-Man, 1774 British propaganda print, referring to the tarring and feathering, of Boston Commissioner of Customs John Malcolm four weeks after the Boston Tea Party. The men also poured hot tea down Malcolm's throat; note the noose hanging on the Liberty Tree and the Stamp Act posted upside-down
In 1765, the British government needed money to afford the 10,000 officers and soldiers living in the colonies, and intended that the colonists living there should contribute.[5] The British passed a series of taxes aimed at the colonists, and many of the colonists refused to pay certain taxes; they argued that they should not be held accountable for taxes which were decided upon without any form of their consent through a representative. This became commonly known as "No Taxation without Representation." Parliament insisted on its right to rule the colonies despite the fact that the colonists had no representative in Parliament.[6] The most incendiary tax was the Stamp Act of 1765, which caused a firestorm of opposition through legislative resolutions (starting in the colony of Virginia), public demonstrations,[7] threats, and occasional hurtful losses.[8]
The organization spread hour by hour, after independent starts in several different colonies. In August 1765, the group was founded in Boston, Massachusetts.[9] By November 6, a committee was set up in New York to correspond with other colonies. In December, an alliance was formed between groups in New York and Connecticut. January bore witness to a correspondence link between Boston and New York City, and by March, Providence had initiated connections with New York, New Hampshire, and Newport, Rhode Island. March also marked the emergence of Sons of Liberty organizations in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia.
In Boston, another example of violence could be found in their treatment of local stamp distributor Andrew Oliver. They burned his effigy in the streets. When he did not resign, they escalated to burning down his office building. Even after he resigned, they almost destroyed the whole house of his close associate Lieutenant Governor Thomas Hutchinson. It is believed that the Sons of Liberty did this to excite the lower classes and get them actively involved in rebelling against the authorities. Their actions made many of the stamp distributors resign in fear.
Early in the American Revolution, the former Sons of Liberty generally joined more formal groups, such as the Committee of Safety.
The Sons of Liberty popularized the use of tar and feathering to punish and humiliate offending government officials starting in 1767. This method was also used against British Loyalists during the American Revolution. This punishment had long been used by sailors to punish their mates.[10]
New York[edit]
In December 1773, a new group calling itself the Sons of Liberty issued and distributed a declaration in New York City called the Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York," which formally stated that they were opposed to the Tea Act and that anyone who assisted in the execution of the act was "an enemy to the liberties of America" and that "whoever shall transgress any of these resolutions, we will not deal with, or employ, or have any connection with him."[11]
After the end of the American Revolutionary War, Isaac Sears, Marinus Willet, and John Lamb in New York City revived the Sons of Liberty. In March 1784, they rallied an enormous crowd that called for the expulsion of any remaining Loyalists from the state starting May 1. The Sons of Liberty were able to gain enough seats in the New York assembly elections of December 1784 to have passed a set of punitive laws against Loyalists. In violation of the Treaty of Paris (1783), they called for the confiscation of the property of Loyalists.[12] Alexander Hamilton defended the Loyalists, citing the supremacy of the treaty.
Flags[edit]
In 1767, the Sons of Liberty adopted a flag called the rebellious stripes flag with nine vertical stripes, four white and five red. A flag having 13 horizontal red and white stripes was used by Commodore Esek Hopkins (Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Navy) and by American merchant ships during the war. This flag was also associated with the Sons of Liberty. Red and white were common colors of the flags, although other color combinations were used, such as green and white or yellow and white.[13][14][15]
Notable Sons of Liberty[edit]
Samuel Adams – political writer, tax collector, cousin of John Adams, fire warden. Founded the Sons Of Liberty, Boston
Joseph Allicocke – One of the leaders of the Sons in New York, and possibly of African ancestry.[16]
Benedict Arnold – businessman, later General in the Continental Army and then the British Army[17]
Timothy Bigelow – blacksmith, Worcester
John Brown – business leader of Providence, Rhode Island
John Crane – carpenter, colonel in command of the 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment, Braintree
Benjamin Edes – journalist/publisher Boston Gazette, Boston
Christopher Gadsden – merchant, Charleston, South Carolina
John Hancock – merchant, smuggler, fire warden, Boston[18]
Patrick Henry – lawyer, Virginia
John Lamb – trader, New York City
Alexander McDougall – captain of privateers, New York City
Hercules Mulligan – tailor, spy under George Washington for the Continental Army, friend of Alexander Hamilton
James Otis – lawyer, Massachusetts
Matthew Phripp – a merchant, chairman of the Norfolk committee of safety, prominent Free Mason, and colonel of the militia. Norfolk, Virginia[19]
Charles Willson Peale – portrait painter and saddle maker, Annapolis, Maryland
Paul Revere – silversmith, fire warden, Boston[20]
Benjamin Rush – physician, Philadelphia
Isaac Sears – captain of privateers, New York City
Haym Salomon – financial broker, New York and Philadelphia
James Swan – financier, Boston
Isaiah Thomas – printer, Boston then Worcester, first to read Declaration of Independence in Massachusetts[21]
Charles Thomson – tutor, secretary, Philadelphia[22]
Joseph Warren – doctor, soldier, Boston
Thomas Young – doctor, Boston
Marinus Willett – cabinetmaker, soldier, New York[23]
Later societies[edit]
At various times, small secret organizations took the name "sons of liberty". They generally left very few records.
The name was also used during the American Civil War.[24] By 1864, the Copperhead group the Knights of the Golden Circle set up an offshoot called Order of the Sons of Liberty. They both came under federal prosecution in 1864 for treason, especially in Indiana.[25]
A radical wing of the Zionist movement launched a boycott in the U.S. against British films in 1948, in response to British policies in Palestine. It called itself the "Sons of Liberty."[26]
Modern references[edit]
The patriotic spirit of the Sons of Liberty has been used by Walt Disney Pictures through their 1957 film adaptation of Esther Forbes' novel Johnny Tremain. Within the movie, the Sons of Liberty sing a rousing song titled "The Liberty Tree". This song raises the Liberty Tree to a national icon in a manner similar to the way in which George M. Cohan's "You're a Grand Old Flag" revitalized respect for the American flag in the early twentieth century.
In the 1995 alternative history novel The Two Georges, the Sons of Liberty are depicted as a nativist terrorist organisation whose aim is to make the North American Union independent of the British Empire; their attempts include the theft of the titular portrait for a fifty million pound ransom and two assassination attempts on King-Emperor Charles III. The flag used by the Sons of Liberty and the Independence Party alike is a variation of the North American Jack and Stripes with the Union Jack in the canton being replaced by a bald eagle.
The Sons of Liberty are referred to in the 2001 video game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. It refers to them in the title, and a group within the game calls itself the Sons of Liberty and models itself after them.
In 2015, a three-part mini-series aired on the History Channel with the same name.
The Sons of Liberty are referred to in the 2015 Broadway show Hamilton. In the song "Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)," the character Hercules Mulligan sings, "I am runnin' with the Sons of Liberty and I am lovin' it."
In an episode of the Claymation children's TV show Gumby, entitled "Son of Liberty" (first aired in 1966), Gumby becomes a member of the Sons of Liberty.
See also[edit]
Loyal Nine, precursor to the Sons of Liberty
Daughters of Liberty
Stamp Act Congress
Patriot (American Revolution)
Sons of Liberty (miniseries)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ John Phillips Resch, ed., Americans at war: society, culture, and the homefront (MacMillan Reference Library, 2005) 1: 174-75
Jump up ^ Alan Axelrod (2000). The Complete Idiot's Guide to the American Revolution. Alpha Books. p. 89. ISBN 9780028633794.
Jump up ^ Gregory Fremont-Barnes, Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies (2007) 1:688
Jump up ^ Frank Lambert (2005). James Habersham: loyalty, politics, and commerce in colonial Georgia. U. of Georgia Press. p. 173. ISBN 978-0-8203-2539-2.
Jump up ^ John C. Miller, Origins of the American Revolution (Boston, 1943) p. 74.
Jump up ^ John C. Miller, Origins of the American Revolution (Boston, 1943)
Jump up ^ Such as by the local judges and Frederick, Maryland. See Thomas John Chew Williams (1979). History of Frederick County, Maryland. Genealogical Publishing Co. pp. 78–79. ISBN 9780806379739.
Jump up ^ Miller, Origins of the American Revolution pp. 121, 129–130
Jump up ^ Anger, p. 135
Jump up ^ Benjamin H. Irvin, "Tar, feathers, and the enemies of American liberties, 1768-1776." New England Quarterly (2003): 197-238. in JSTOR
Jump up ^ T. H. Breen (2004). The Marketplace of Revolution: How Consumer Politics Shaped American Independence. Oxford UP. p. 446. ISBN 9780199840113.
Jump up ^ Schecter, pg. 382
Jump up ^ "Colonial and Revolutionary War Flags (U.S.)". www.crwflags.com. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Liberty Flags (U.S.)". www.crwflags.com. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Ansoff, Peter; vexillologie, North American Vexillological Association / Association nord-américaine de (1 July 2004). "The First Navy Jack". Raven: A Journal of Vexillology. 11: 1–60. doi:10.5840/raven2004111. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Donald A. Grinde Jr, "Joseph Allicocke: African-American Leader of the Sons of Liberty." Afro-Americans in New York Life and History 14#.2 (1990): 61-69.
Jump up ^ Dave R. Plamer (2010). George Washington and Benedict Arnold: A Tale of Two Patriots. Regnery Publishing. p. 3. ISBN 9781596981645.
Jump up ^ Ira Stoll (2008). Samuel Adams: A Life. Free Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 9781416594567.
Jump up ^ Louis Bellet Plamer. Prominent Virginia Families.
Jump up ^ David H. Fischer (1995). Paul Revere's ride. Oxford University Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780195098310.
Jump up ^ Paul Della Valle (2009). Massachusetts Troublemakers: Rebels, Reformers, and Radicals from the Bay State. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 57. ISBN 9780762757954.
Jump up ^ Chris Alexander (2010). Two Truths Two Justices. Xulon Press. p. 146. ISBN 9781612154527.
Jump up ^ Daniel Elbridge Wager (1891). Col. Marinus Willett, the Hero of Mohawk Valley. p. 10.
Jump up ^ Baker, pg. 341
Jump up ^ David C. Keehn (2013). Knights of the Golden Circle: Secret Empire, Southern Secession, Civil War. Louisiana State UP. p. 173. ISBN 9780807150047.
Jump up ^ Kerry Segrave (2004). Foreign Films in America: A History. McFarland. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-7864-8162-0.
Further reading[edit]
18th century Sons[edit]
Becker, Carl (1901), "Growth of Revolutionary Parties and Methods in New York Province 1765–1774", American Historical Review, 7 (1): 56–76, doi:10.2307/1832532, ISSN 0002-8762, JSTOR 1832532
Carson, Clayborne, Jake Miller, and James Miller. "Sons of Liberty." in Civil Disobedience: An Encyclopedic History of Dissidence in the United States (2015): 276+
Champagne, Roger J. (1967), "Liberty Boys and Mechanics of New York City, 1764–1774", Labor History, 8 (2): 115–135, ISSN 0023-656X
Champagne, Roger J. (1964), "New York's Radicals and the Coming of Independence", Journal of American History, 51 (1): 21–40, doi:10.2307/1917932, ISSN 0021-8723, JSTOR 1917932
Dawson, Henry Barton. The Sons of Liberty in New York (1859) 118 pages; online edition
Foner, Philip Sheldon. Labor and the American Revolution (1976) Westport, CN: Greenwood. 258 pages.
Hoffer, Peter Charles (2006), Seven Fires: The Urban Infernos The Reshaped America, New York: Public Affairs, ISBN 1-58648-355-2
Irvin, Benjamin H. (2003), "Tar, Feathers, and the Enemies of American Liberties, 1768–1776", New England Quarterly, 76 (2): 197–238, doi:10.2307/1559903, ISSN 0028-4866, JSTOR 1559903
Labaree, Benjamin Woods. The Boston Tea Party (1964).
Maier, Pauline (1972), From Resistance to Revolution: Colonial Radicals and the Development of American Opposition to Britain, 1765–1776, New York: W.W. Norton
Maier, Pauline. "Reason and Revolution: The Radicalism of Dr. Thomas Young," American Quarterly Vol. 28, No. 2, (Summer 1976), pp. 229–249 in JSTOR
Middlekauff, Robert (2005), The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789, Oxford University Press, ISBN 019531588X
Miller, John C. (1943), Origins of the American Revolution, Boston: Little, Brown and Company
Morais, Herbert M. (1939), "The Sons of Liberty in New York", in Morris, Richard B., The Era of the American Revolution, pp. 269–289 , a Marxist interpretation
Nash, Gary B. (2005), The Unknown Revolution: The Unruly Birth of Democracy and the Struggle to Create America, London: Viking, ISBN 0-670-03420-7
Schecter, Barnet (2002), The Battle of New York, New York: Walker, ISBN 0-8027-1374-2
Unger, Harlow (2000), John Hancock: Merchant King and American Patriot, Edison, NJ: Castle Books, ISBN 0-7858-2026-4
Walsh, Richard. Charleston's Sons of Liberty: A Study of the Artisans, 1763–1789 (1968)
Warner, William B. Protocols of Liberty: Communication Innovation and the American Revolution (University of Chicago Press, 2013)
Later groups[edit]
Baker, Jean (1983), Affairs of Party: The Political Culture of Northern Democrats in the Mid-Nineteenth Century, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, ISBN 0-8014-1513-6
Churchill, Robert. "Liberty, conscription, and a party divided-The Sons of Liberty conspiracy, 1863-1864." Prologue-Quarterly of the National Archives 30#4 (1998): 294-303.
Rodgers, Thomas E. "Copperheads or a Respectable Minority: Current Approaches to the Study of Civil War-Era Democrats." Indiana Magazine of History 109#2 (2013): 114-146. in JSTOR
External links[edit]
The Sons of Liberty, ushistory.org
The Sons of Liberty, u-s-history.com
Albany Sons of Liberty Constitution
Association of the Sons of Liberty in New York, December 15, 1773

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New York in the American Revolution
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1770
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Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
Invasion of Canada
1776
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