text:
Dreams to Remember: The Otis Redding Anthology
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Dreams to Remember: The Otis Redding Anthology
Compilation album by Otis Redding
Released
August 18, 1998 (1998-08-18)
Recorded
at Macon, Georgia, Muscle Shoals, Alabama and at Stax Studios, Memphis, Tennessee from 1960 (1960) to November 22, 1967 (1967-11-22).
Tracks 20–24 on disc 2 recorded live at The Monterey International Pop Festival, Monterey, California on June 17, 1967 (1967-06-17)
Genre
R&B/Soul
Label
Rhino
Producer
Gary Stewart, David Gorman, Bill Inglot
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [1]
Dreams to Remember: The Otis Redding Anthology is a 1998 compilation album by American soul singer-songwriter Otis Redding. Advertised as a stopgap between the greatest hits album Very Best Of and the boxset Otis! The Definitive Otis Redding,[2] this two-disc album offers most of Redding's greatest hits, a few album tracks and 5 live recordings taken from The Monterey International Pop Festival.
Contents
1 Reception
2 Commercial performance
3 Track listing
4 Personnel
5 References
Reception[edit]
In his review for Allmusic, Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that while the music on the album is superb, it tries to be both a best of and a box set and so fails at both.[3]
Commercial performance[edit]
The album sold in excess of 40,000 copies and was voted 147th on the 500 greatest albums of all time by Rolling Stone.[4]
Track listing[edit]
Disc 1
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "Shout Bamalama" (performed by Redding, The Pinetoppers) Otis Redding 1:57
2. "These Arms of Mine" Redding 2:33
3. "That's What My Heart Needs" Redding 2:40
4. "Pain in My Heart" Naomi Neville 2:25
5. "Come to Me" Redding, Phil Walden 2:47
6. "Security" Redding 2:38
7. "Chained and Bound" Redding 2:43
8. "Mr. Pitiful" Steve Cropper, Redding 2:40
9. "That's How Strong My Love Is" Roosevelt Jamison 2:25
10. "I've Been Loving You Too Long" Jerry Butler, Redding 3:15
11. "Respect" Redding 2:10
12. "Ole Man Trouble" Redding 2:38
13. "A Change Is Gonna Come" Sam Cooke 4:16
14. "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" Mick Jagger, Keith Richards 2:46
15. "Down in the Valley" Bert Berns, Joseph C. Martin, Marvin Chivian, Soloman Burke 2:59
16. "Shake" Cooke 2:41
17. "My Girl" Smokey Robinson, Ronald White 2:56
18. "You Don't Miss Your Water" William Bell 2:52
19. "Cupid" Cooke 3:10
20. "I Can't Turn You Loose" Redding 2:48
21. "Just One More Day" Steve Cropper, Redding, Robinson 3:30
22. "My Lover's Prayer" Redding 3:11
23. "Cigarettes and Coffee" Butler, Thomas, Walker 4:00
24. "It's Growing" Warren Moore, Robinson 2:49
25. "Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa (Sad Song)" Cropper, Redding 2:43
26. "Try a Little Tenderness" James Campbell, Reginald Connelly, Harry M. Woods 3:47
Disc 2
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "You Left the Water Running" Oscar Frank, Rick Hall, Dan Penn 2:47
2. "Trick or Treat" Isaac Hayes, David Porter 3:13
3. "Tramp" (performed by Redding, Carla Thomas) Lowell Fulson, Jimmy McCracklin 3:03
4. "Lovey Dovey" (performed by Redding, Thomas) Ahmet Ertegün, Memphis Edward Curtis 2:36
5. "Let Me Come on Home" Al Jackson Jr., Redding, Booker T. Jones 2:55
6. "I Love You More Than Words Can Say" Eddie Floyd, Jones 2:55
7. "Merry Christmas, Baby" Lou Baxter, Johnny Moore 2:29
8. "The Glory of Love" William Hill 2:50
9. "Tell the Truth" Lowman Pauling 3:13
10. "I've Got Dreams to Remember" Zelma Redding, Otis Redding, Joe Rock 3:15
11. "The Happy Song (Dum-Dum)" Cropper, Redding 2:45
12. "Hard to Handle" Allen Jones, Alvertis Isbell, Redding 2:20
13. "Amen" Traditional 3:06
14. "Direct Me" Cropper, Redding 2:19
15. "Love Man" Redding 2:18
16. "Look at That Girl" Edward Morris, Sandy Stewart 2:38
17. "I'm a Changed Man" Cropper, Redding 2:22
18. "The Match Game" Porter, Redding 2:53
19. "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" Cropper, Redding 2:49
20. "Shake [live]" Cooke 2:57
21. "Respect [live]" Redding 3:00
22. "I've Been Loving You Too Long [live]" Butler, Redding 4:08
23. "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction [live]" Jagger, Richards 3:33
24. "Try a Little Tenderness [Live]" Campbell, Connelly, Woods 5:13
Personnel[edit]
Otis Redding – vocals, guitar
Carla Thomas – vocals
Booker T. Jones – guitar, piano, electronic organ
Steve Cropper – guitar, piano, bass
Johnny Jenkins – guitar
Charles "Packy" Axton – tenor saxophone
Andrew Love – tenor saxophone
Joe Arnold – tenor saxophone
Gilbert Caples – tenor saxophone
Gene Parker – tenor saxophone
Tommie Lee Williams – tenor saxophone
Floyd Newman – baritone saxophone
Wayne Jackson – trumpet
Sammie Coleman – trumpet
Gene "Bowlegs" Miller – trumpet
Ben Cauley – trumpet
Isaac Hayes – piano, organ
Lewis Steinberg – bass
Donald "Duck" Dunn – bass
Wayne Cochran – bass
Al Jackson, Jr. – drums
Rick Hall – drums
Phil Walden – tambourine
William Bell
David Porter – background vocals
The Pinetoppers
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Allmusic review
Jump up ^ Rhino Records online store Archived October 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Stephen Thomas Erlewine. Dreams to Remember: The Otis Redding Anthology reviewed at Allmusic link
Jump up ^ Rolling Stone article
hide
v
t
e
Otis Redding
Studio albums
Pain in My Heart
The Great Otis Redding Sings Soul Ballads
Otis Blue
The Soul Album
Complete & Unbelievable: The Otis Redding Dictionary of Soul
King & Queen (duet album w/Carla Thomas)
Posthumous albums
The Immortal Otis Redding
Love Man
Tell the Truth
Live albums
Live in Europe
In Person at the Whisky a Go Go
Monterey International Pop Festival
Good to Me: Live at the Whisky a Go Go, Vol. 2
Live at the Whisky a Go Go: The Complete Recordings
Compilation albums
The History of Otis Redding
The Dock of the Bay
The Best of Otis Redding
Remember Me
The Very Best of Otis Redding, Vol. 1
Otis! The Definitive Otis Redding
The Very Best of Otis Redding, Vol. 2
Dreams to Remember: The Otis Redding Anthology
Singles
(US/UK Top Ten singles)
"These Arms of Mine"
"Mr. Pitiful"
"I've Been Loving You Too Long"
"Respect"
"Satisfaction"
"My Lover's Prayer"
"Try a Little Tenderness"
"Tramp"
"Knock on Wood"
"(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay"
"The Happy Song (Dum-Dum)"
"I've Got Dreams to Remember"
"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" (Live) . "You Left the Water Running"
Related topics
Discography
Songs
Albums
Shake! Otis at Monterey
Steve Cropper
Booker T. & the M.G.'s
Carla Thomas
Stax
Deep Soul
Soul
"Otis" (song)
Andrew Love
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Gondwana (India)
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This article is about a region of India. For other uses, see Gondwana (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Gondwana is a region of India, named after the Gondi people who live there (though they can also be found in other parts of India). The name of the ancient continent of Gondwanaland was derived from Gondwana, because some of the earliest rock formations of this continent were first investigated in part of the region, in modern Odisha.
As Gondi people are spread widely across central India, and are a minority almost everywhere, there is no unambiguous boundary to the region. However, the core region can be considered to be the eastern part of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, the parts of Madhya Pradesh immediately to the north of it, and parts of the west of Chhattisgarh. The wider region extends beyond these, also including parts of northern Telangana, western Odisha and southern Uttar Pradesh.
The region is part of the northern Deccan plateau, with an average height of about 600–700 metres. Much of it is rugged and hilly. Geologically it is mostly Pre-Cambrian rock, with some areas dated to Permian and Triassic periods. Part of it is overlaid with alluvium, and in the west it is overlaid with the igneous rocks of the Deccan Traps.
The climate is hot and semi-arid. The natural vegetation is dry monsoon forest, or monsoon scrub forest. Large parts of it are still forest, and it contains several national parks, including tiger populations.
Gondwana has a relatively high proportion of peoples of the "scheduled tribes" of India, which include the Gonds. The scheduled tribes are recognised as economically and socially disadvantaged. They form a majority of the population in many districts.
Gonds are followers of koyapunem (nature based religion).
They are accustomed by their own racial culture based on the nature and according that they are accustomed by the 750 family name as totam (gotra) and 33 kotam (division)
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Popular movements
3 References
4 Further reading
History[edit]
A number of old kingdoms were established by, or together with, ruling families of the Gondis and other scheduled tribes in this region. The first of these is mentioned in 1398, when Narsingh Rai, King of Kherla, is said by a Ferishta to have ruled all the hills of Gondwana. He was finally overthrown and killed by Hoshang Shah, king of Malwa. Between the 14th and the 18th centuries, three main Gond kingdoms existed; Garha-Mandla occupied the upper Narmada River Valley, Deogarh-Nagpur occupied the Kanhan River and upper Wainganga River valleys, and Chandra-Sirpur occupied present-day Chandrapur, Gadchiroli, and eastern Adilabad districts.
The three Gondi principalities of Garha-Mandla, Deogarh, and Chanda-Sirpur were nominally subject to the Mughal emperors. In addition to the acquisitions made in the north at the expense of Garha-Mandla, the Mughals, after the annexation of Berar in 1595, established governors at Paunar in Wardha District and Kherla in Betul District. Having thus hemmed in the Gond states, however, they made no efforts to assert any effective sovereignty over them; the Gond kings for their part were content with practical independence within their own dominions. Under their peaceful rule their territories flourished, until the weakening of the Mughal empire and the rise of the expanding Bundela and Maratha powers brought misfortune upon them.
In the 17th century Chhatar Sal, the Bundela chieftain, deprived the Mandla principality of part of the Vindhyan Plateau and the Narmada Valley. In 1733 the Maratha Peshwa invaded Bundelkhand; and in 1735 the Marathas had established their power in Saugor. In 1742 the Peshwa advanced to Mandla and exacted tribute, and from this time until 1781, when Gond dynasty of Garha-Mandla was finally overthrown, Garha-Mandla remained practically a Maratha dependency. Meanwhile, the other independent principalities of Gondwana had in turn succumbed. In 1743 Raghoji Bhonsle of Berar established himself at Nagpur, and by 1751 had conquered the territories of Deogarh, Chanda, and Chhattisgarh.
The economic disadvantage to which the tribal people are now subject is often ascribed to the Maratha conquest of the region in the 18th century, followed by the British imposition of the permanent settlement in the 19th century. A number of rebellions against British rule took place throughout the 19th century. Some of these rebellions focused on protection of forests against commercial logging. In their efforts to subjugate them, entire communities were labelled "criminal classes" by the British.
Popular movements[edit]
Political and communal movements directed against the dominant political structure still occur in the region, including the Gondwana Praja Party, founded in 2014 in Maharashtra state. Gondwana Praja Party founded for the demanded the new formation of old Gondwana State for the tribal people of central India instead of old Vidarbha region. Gondwana Gadtantra Party is also established. The founder of Gondwana Gadtantra Party is Heera Singh Markam. He is the only Member of Parliament of this party.
References[edit]
Further reading[edit]
McEldowney, Philip F. (1980) Colonial Administration and Social Developments in middle India: The Central Provinces, 1861-1921. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Virginia.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gondwana". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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Group 6 element
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Group 6 in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
group 5 ← → group 7
IUPAC group number
6
Name by element chromium group
CAS group number
(US, pattern A-B-A)
VIB
old IUPAC number
(Europe, pattern A-B)
VIA
↓ Period
4
Chromium (Cr)
24 Transition metal
5
Molybdenum (Mo)
42 Transition metal
6
Tungsten (W)
74 Transition metal
7
Seaborgium (Sg)
106 Transition metal
Legend
primordial element
synthetic element
Atomic number color:
black=solid
v
t
e
Group 6, numbered by IUPAC style, is a group of elements in the periodic table. Its members are chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and seaborgium (Sg). These are all transition metals and chromium, molybdenum and tungsten are refractory metals. The period 8 elements of group 6 are likely to be either unpenthexium (Uph) or unpentoctium (Upo). This may not be possible; drip instability may imply that the periodic table ends around unbihexium. Neither unpenthexium nor unpentoctium have been synthesized, and it is unlikely that this will happen in the near future.
Like other groups, the members of this family show patterns in its electron configuration, especially the outermost shells resulting in trends in chemical behavior:
Z
Element
No. of electrons/shell
24 chromium 2, 8, 13, 1
42 molybdenum 2, 8, 18, 13, 1
74 tungsten 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
106 seaborgium 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2
"Group 6" is the new IUPAC name for this group; the old style name was "group VIB" in the old US system (CAS) or "group VIA" in the European system (old IUPAC). Group 6 must not be confused with the group with the old-style group crossed names of either VIA (US system, CAS) or VIB (European system, old IUPAC). That group is now called group 16.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Discoveries
1.2 Historical development and uses
2 Chemistry
3 Occurrence
4 Production
5 Precautions
6 Applications
7 Biological occurrences
8 References
9 See also
History[edit]
The red colour of rubies is from a small amount of chromium(III).
Discoveries[edit]
Chromium was first reported on July 26, 1761, when Johann Gottlob Lehmann found an orange-red mineral in the Beryozovskoye mines in the Ural Mountains of Russia, which he named "Siberian red lead," which was found out in less than 10 years to be a bright yellow pigment.[1] Though misidentified as a lead compound with selenium and iron components, the mineral was crocoite with a formula of PbCrO4.[1] Studying the mineral in 1797, Louis Nicolas Vauquelin produced chromium trioxide by mixing crocoite with hydrochloric acid metallic chromium by heating the oxide in a charcoal oven a year later.[2] He was also able to detect traces of chromium in precious gemstones, such as ruby or emerald.[1][3]
Molybdenite—the principal ore from which molybdenum is now extracted—was previously known as molybdena, which was confused with and often implemented as though it were graphite. Like graphite, molybdenite can be used to blacken a surface or as a solid lubricant.[4] Even when molybdena was distinguishable from graphite, it was still confused with a galena (a common lead ore), which took its name from Ancient Greek Μόλυβδος molybdos, meaning lead.[5] It was not until 1778 that Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele realized that molybdena was neither graphite nor lead.[6][7] He and other chemists then correctly assumed that it was the ore of a distinct new element, named molybdenum for the mineral in which it was discovered. Peter Jacob Hjelm successfully isolated molybdenum by using carbon and linseed oil in 1781.[5][8]
Regarding tungsten, in 1781 Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovered that a new acid, tungstic acid, could be made from scheelite (at the time named tungsten). Scheele and Torbern Bergman suggested that it might be possible to obtain a new metal by reducing this acid.[9] In 1783, José and Fausto Elhuyar found an acid made from wolframite that was identical to tungstic acid. Later that year, in Spain, the brothers succeeded in isolating tungsten by reduction of this acid with charcoal, and they are credited with the discovery of the element.[10][11]
Historical development and uses[edit]
During the 1800s, chromium was primarily used as a component of paints and in tanning salts. At first, crocoite from Russia was the main source, but in 1827, a larger chromite deposit was discovered near Baltimore, United States. This made the United States the largest producer of chromium products until 1848 when large deposits of chromite where found near Bursa, Turkey.[12] Chromium was used for electroplating as early as 1848, but this use only became widespread with the development of an improved process in 1924.[13]
For about a century after its isolation, molybdenum had no industrial use, owing to its relative scarcity, difficulty extracting the pure metal, and the immaturity of the metallurgical subfield.[14][15][16] Early molybdenum steel alloys showed great promise in their increased hardness, but efforts were hampered by inconsistent results and a tendency toward brittleness and recrystallization. In 1906, William D. Coolidge filed a patent for rendering molybdenum ductile, leading to its use as a heating element for high-temperature furnaces and as a support for tungsten-filament light bulbs; oxide formation and degradation require that moly be physically sealed or held in an inert gas. In 1913, Frank E. Elmore developed a flotation process to recover molybdenite from ores; flotation remains the primary isolation process. During the first World War, demand for molybdenum spiked; it was used both in armor plating and as a substitute for tungsten in high speed steels. Some British tanks were protected by 75 mm (3 in) manganese steel plating, but this proved to be ineffective. The manganese steel plates were replaced with 25 mm (1 in) molybdenum-steel plating allowing for higher speed, greater maneuverability, and better protection.[5] After the war, demand plummeted until metallurgical advances allowed extensive development of peacetime applications. In World War II, molybdenum again saw strategic importance as a substitute for tungsten in steel alloys.[17]
In World War II, tungsten played a significant role in background political dealings. Portugal, as the main European source of the element, was put under pressure from both sides, because of its deposits of wolframite ore at Panasqueira. Tungsten's resistance to high temperatures and its strengthening of alloys made it an important raw material for the arms industry.[18]
Chemistry[edit]
Unlike other groups, the members of this family do not show patterns in its electron configuration, as two lighter members of the group are exceptions from the Aufbau principle:
Z
Element
Numerical Bohr model
24 chromium 2, 8, 13, 1
42 molybdenum 2, 8, 18, 13, 1
74 tungsten 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
106 seaborgium 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2
Most of the chemistry has been observed only for the first three members of the group. The chemistry of seaborgium is not very established and therefore the rest of the section deals only with its upper neighbors in the periodic table. The elements in the group, like those of groups 7—11, have high melting points, and form volatile compounds in higher oxidation states. All the elements of the group are relatively nonreactive metals with a high melting points (1907 °C, 2477 °C, 3422 °C); that of tungsten is the highest of all metals. The metals form compounds in different oxidation states: chromium forms compounds in all states from −2 to +6:[19] disodium pentacarbonylchromate, disodium decacarbonyldichromate, bis(benzene)chromium, tripotassium pentanitrocyanochromate, chromium(II) chloride, chromium(III) oxide, chromium(IV) chloride, potassium tetraperoxochromate(V), and chromium(VI) dichloride dioxide; the same is also true for molybdenum and tungsten, but the stability of the +6 state grows down the group.[19] Depending on oxidation states, the compounds are basic, amphoteric, or acidic; the acidity grows with the oxidation state of the metal.
Occurrence[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2012)
Production[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2012)
Precautions[edit]
Tungsten has no known biological role in the human body. Seaborgium's high radioactivity would make it a toxic element, due to radiation poisoning.
Applications[edit]
Alloys[20]
Catalysts
Metallurgy, sometimes used in jet engines and gas turbines.[21]
Dyes and pigments
Tanning
hard materials
Biological occurrences[edit]
Group 6 is notable in that it contains some of the only elements in periods 5 and 6 with a known role in the biological chemistry of living organisms: molybdenum is common in enzymes of many organisms, and tungsten has been identified in an analogous role in enzymes from some archaea, such as Pyrococcus furiosus. In contrast, and unusually for a first-row d-block transition metal, chromium appears to have few biological roles, although it is thought to form part of the glucose metabolism enzyme in some mammals.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Guertin, Jacques; Jacobs, James Alan; Avakian, Cynthia P. (2005). Chromium (VI) Handbook. CRC Press. pp. 7–11. ISBN 978-1-56670-608-7.
Jump up ^ Vauquelin, Louis Nicolas (1798). "Memoir on a New Metallic Acid which exists in the Red Lead of Sibiria". Journal of Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, and the Art. 3: 146.
Jump up ^ van der Krogt, Peter. "Chromium". Retrieved 2008-08-24.
Jump up ^ Lansdown, A.R. (1999). Molybdenum disulphide lubrication. Tribology and Interface Engineering. 35. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-444-50032-8.
^ Jump up to: a b c Emsley, John (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 262–266. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.
Jump up ^ Gagnon, Steve. "Molybdenum". Jefferson Science Associates, LLC. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
Jump up ^ Scheele, C. W. K. (1779). "Versuche mit Wasserbley;Molybdaena". Svenska vetensk. Academ. Handlingar. 40: 238.
Jump up ^ Hjelm, P. J. (1788). "Versuche mit Molybdäna, und Reduction der selben Erde". Svenska vetensk. Academ. Handlingar. 49: 268.
Jump up ^ Saunders, Nigel (February 2004). Tungsten and the Elements of Groups 3 to 7 (The Periodic Table). Chicago, Illinois: Heinemann Library. ISBN 1-4034-3518-9.
Jump up ^ "ITIA Newsletter" (PDF). International Tungsten Industry Association. June 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
Jump up ^ "ITIA Newsletter" (PDF). International Tungsten Industry Association. December 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
Jump up ^ National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Biologic Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants (1974). Chromium. National Academy of Sciences. p. 155. ISBN 978-0-309-02217-0.
Jump up ^ Dennis, J. K.; Such, T. E. (1993). "History of Chromium Plating". Nickel and Chromium Plating. Woodhead Publishing. pp. 9–12. ISBN 978-1-85573-081-6.
Jump up ^ Hoyt, Samuel Leslie (1921). Metallography, Volume 2. McGraw-Hill.
Jump up ^ Krupp, Alfred; Wildberger, Andreas (1888). The metallic alloys: A practical guide for the manufacture of all kinds of alloys, amalgams, and solders, used by metal-workers ... with an appendix on the coloring of alloys. H.C. Baird & Co. p. 60.
Jump up ^ Gupta, C.K. (1992). Extractive Metallurgy of Molybdenum. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-4758-0.
Jump up ^ Millholland, Ray (August 1941). "Battle of the Billions: American industry mobilizes machines, materials, and men for a job as big as digging 40 Panama Canals in one year". Popular Science. p. 61.
Jump up ^ Stevens, Donald G. (1999). "World War II Economic Warfare: The United States, Britain, and Portuguese Wolfram". The Historian. Questia. 61 (3): 539. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1999.tb01036.x. External link in |publisher= (help)
^ Jump up to: a b Schmidt, Max (1968). "VI. Nebengruppe". Anorganische Chemie II (in German). Wissenschaftsverlag. pp. 119–127.
Jump up ^ "Molybdenum". AZoM.com Pty. Limited. 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-06.
Jump up ^ Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. "Nickel-Based Superalloys". University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 2006-08-25. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
See also[edit]
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Group 6 elements
Chromium
Cr
Atomic Number: 24
Atomic Weight: 51.9961
Melting Point: 2130.15 K
Boiling Point: 2944 K
Specific mass: 7.15 g/cm3
Electronegativity: 1.66
Molybdenum
Mo
Atomic Number: 42
Atomic Weight: 95.96
Melting Point: 2890.15 K
Boiling Point: 4912 K
Specific mass: 10.22 g/cm3
Electronegativity: 2.16
Tungsten
W
Atomic Number: 74
Atomic Weight: 183.84
Melting Point: 3680.15 K
Boiling Point: 5828 K
Specific mass: 19.25 g/cm3
Electronegativity: 2.36
Seaborgium
Sg
Atomic Number: 106
Atomic Weight: [269]
Melting Point: ? K
Boiling Point: ? K
Specific mass: ? 35 g/cm3
Electronegativity: ?
Authority control
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The Girl Who Played with Fire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the film based on the novel, see The Girl Who Played with Fire (film).
The Girl Who Played with Fire
First edition (Swedish)
Author
Stieg Larsson
Original title
Flickan som lekte med elden
Translator
Reg Keeland (pseudonym of Steven T. Murray)
Country
Sweden
Language
Swedish
Series
Millennium
Genre
Crime, mystery, thriller
Publisher
Norstedts Förlag (Swedish), Quercus (English)
Publication date
June 2006 (Sweden), 2009 (United Kingdom)
Media type
Print (Paperback & Hardback)
Pages
631
Preceded by
The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo
Followed by
The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest
The Girl Who Played with Fire (Swedish: Flickan som lekte med elden) is the second novel in the best-selling Millennium series by Swedish writer Stieg Larsson. It was published posthumously in Swedish in 2006 and in English in January 2009.
The book features many of the characters who appeared in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2005), among them the title character, Lisbeth Salander, a brilliant computer hacker and social misfit, and Mikael Blomkvist, an investigative journalist and publisher of Millennium magazine.
Widely seen as a critical success, The Girl Who Played with Fire was also (according to The Bookseller magazine) the first and only translated novel to be number one in the UK hardback chart.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
1.1 Part 1 – Irregular Equations
1.2 Part 2 – From Russia with Love
1.3 Part 3 – Absurd Equations
1.4 Part 4 – Terminator
2 Characters
2.1 Main characters
2.2 Related to Millennium magazine
2.3 Related to Milton Security
2.4 Related to police investigation
2.5 Other characters
3 Reception
4 Cultural notes
5 Film and TV adaptations
6 References
7 External links
Synopsis[edit]
The novel is formally divided into a prologue followed by four parts. The prologue of the book opens with a girl captured and restrained inside a dark room by an unidentified male. To cope with being captured, she mentally replays a past episode when she threw a milk carton filled with gasoline onto another man inside a car and tossed an ignited match onto him.
Part 1 – Irregular Equations[edit]
After finishing the job on the Wennerström affair (described in The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo), Lisbeth Salander disappeared from Sweden and traveled throughout Europe. The novel opens with her on the shores of the Caribbean in St George's, the capital of Grenada. Salander has become interested in Fermat's Last Theorem and mathematics, an interest that resounds with the opening page of each Part in this novel. From within her room in her hotel she observes on several occasions that her neighbor, Dr Forbes, an American tourist from Texas, physically abuses his wife, in the next room to Salander's. Salander also befriends George Bland, a 16-year-old orphaned student living in a small shack and begins tutoring him in mathematics. Salander finds Bland's company relaxing and enjoyable because Bland does not ask her personal questions, and the two develop a sexual relationship.
Salander uses her connections among the hackers' network to investigate Dr Forbes and learns that he was once accused of mishandling funds in his faith-based foundation. Currently he has no assets, but his wife is the heiress to a fortune worth $40 million.
As a hurricane hits Grenada, concerns for the safety of the residents at the hotel cause the hotel management to begin ushering them into a cellar. Salander remembers Bland, and braves the strong wind and rain to collect him. As the two reach the hotel entrance, Salander sees Dr Forbes on the beach with his wife and realizes that he is attempting to kill her for her inheritance. Salander attacks Forbes with the leg of a chair and abandons him to the elements. Salander, Bland, and Mrs Forbes retreat to the cellar and receive medical care; Dr Forbes is later confirmed as the only fatality of the storm.
Part 2 – From Russia with Love[edit]
Lisbeth Salander returns to Stockholm after more than a year's absence. Immediately before the Wennerström affair became public knowledge, Salander had laundered a sum of three billion kronor (the equivalent of about half a billion $US) into a disguised bank account. With this sum she purchases a new upscale apartment outside Mosebacke Torg and moves out of her old apartment in Lundagatan (SV). Salander allows her current sex partner, Miriam Wu, to move into her old apartment, for the price of 1 krona and the condition that Wu forward all of Salander's mail. Salander also re-establishes contact with Dragan Armansky, her former boss at Milton Securities, and her former legal guardian Holger Palmgren, who fell victim to a stroke at the beginning of Dragon Tattoo.
Nils Bjurman, Palmgren's replacement, continues to nurture a growing hatred for his ward after the events of Dragon Tattoo. His fury has caused him to diminish his practice down to a single client (Salander) and focus his attention on capturing her and destroying the film she made of him raping her. He scrutinizes Salander's medical records, and thus identifies an incident named "All the Evil" as well as a person from her past as his strongest ally.
In the meantime, Mikael Blomkvist, the publisher of Millennium magazine, has lost contact with Salander, who has refused even to open his letters. He is therefore surprised, shortly after her return, while he is walking past Salander's apartment in the vain hope of running into her, to see her being attacked by a ponytailed man with a beer gut, a member of the Svavelsjö outlaw motorcycle club. Blomkvist attempts to help, to Salander's astonishment, and their joint efforts enable her to elude her attacker.
Millennium is approached by Dag Svensson, a young journalist, and his girlfriend, Mia Johansson. They have put together a meticulously-researched report, ironically titled "From Russia with Love", about sex trafficking in Sweden and the abuse of underage girls by high-ranking figures; this is the subject of Johansson's doctoral thesis and Svensson wants Millennium to publish his exposé in book form. Whilst the research is mostly complete, Svensson, Johansson, and the Millennium staff are intrigued by recurring mentions of "Zala", a shadowy figure heavily involved in Sweden's sex-trafficking industry. Salander, hacking Mikael Blomkvist's computer, is taken aback by the mention of Zala, and visits Svensson and Johansson to ask questions.
Part 3 – Absurd Equations[edit]
Later the same night, Blomkvist calls on the couple, and finds them both shot dead in their apartment, the killer having apparently left the building only seconds before. Blomkvist notifies Erika Berger, the Millennium's editor-in-chief and his lover, of the double murder, and the magazine's management team holds an emergency meeting at which they decide to postpone the publication of Svensson's book and the associated magazine special. They decide to backtrack Svensson's research to ensure the accuracy of the material, and to comb through it for possible murder motives, while Blomkvist is tasked with finishing Svensson's mostly-completed book.
Prosecutor Richard Ekström assembles an investigative team, led by Inspector Jan Bublanski, who selects Sonja Modig for inclusion in the team because of her sensitivity to women's issues. The team identifies Salander's fingerprints on the murder weapon, and her formal record establishes her as a violent, unstable, psychotic young woman with a history of prostitution. Armansky, Blomkvist, and Berger all vouch for Salander's intelligence and moral fiber; neither Blomkvist nor Berger was even aware of her psychiatric history. While investigating Salander's social circle, Modig finds Bjurman shot dead in his apartment with his own revolver, the same weapon used on Svensson and Johansson; Salander remains the prime suspect. In light of this new evidence, Ekström holds a press conference and discloses Salander's name and psychiatric history to the press, describing her as a danger to others and herself.
Blomkvist enlists the help of managing editor Malin Eriksson to investigate the murders, during which investigation Blomkvist realizes that Salander has hacked into his notebook computer. He leaves her notes on his desktop, and her replies point him to "Zala". Blomkvist confronts Gunnar Björck, a policeman on sick leave and one of the high-ranking abusers identified by Dag and Mia, who agrees to disclose information about Zala if Blomkvist leaves him out of Millennium's exposé.
Armansky realises that Milton Security should become involved in the investigation and sends two of his employees, Hedström and Bohman, to aid the formal police investigation. Miriam Wu returns from a Paris trip to find herself taken to the police station, and she confirms Salander's intelligence and moral character. However, Hedström, who carries an old grudge against Salander, leaks Wu's identity to the press, who publish stories about Wu's involvement in a Gay Pride Festival and Salander's prior friendship with a female rock group; both Wu and Salander are sensationalized in the media as members of a "lesbian Satanist gang". The press also publishes information about Salander's past.
Part 4 – Terminator[edit]
Part 4 begins with Salander's wondering why the press's inside source has chosen not to publicize "All the Evil", the events which dominated the gap in her biography, information she knows would swing public opinion even further against her. Blomkvist is approached by Paolo Roberto, a boxing champion and Salander's former coach. Blomkvist asks Roberto to help by finding Miriam Wu, who, released by the police, has been avoiding all contact from the press, including Blomkvist. In the meantime, at Salander's suggestion, Blomkvist focuses onto Zala as the key connection among the three murders and sex trafficking. As the police continue the investigation, Blomkvist's team also notices the three-year gap in Salander's biography. Blomkvist decide to confront Björck and trade his anonymity for information on Zala.
Roberto, staking out Salander's former apartment in the hopes of catching Wu, witnesses her being kidnapped into a van by a paunchy man with a ponytail (Salander's earlier attacker) and a "blond giant". He follows the van to a warehouse south of Nykvarn, where he attempts to rescue Wu by boxing with the giant. He finds his opponent unusually muscular and totally insensitive to pain, and only through applications of massive blunt trauma can he and Wu stun the giant enough to escape. The giant recovers and sets the warehouse on fire to destroy the evidence. However, Roberto is able to direct the police to the site, where they find three buried and dismembered bodies.
Visiting Bjurman's summer cabin, Salander finds a classified Swedish Security Service file written about "All The Evil", and begins to make the connection between Bjurman and Zala, whose real name is Alexander Zalachenko. By coincidence, two members of Svavelsjö MC, Carl-Magnus Lundin (the paunchy ponytailed man) and Sonny Nieminen, have been dispatched to burn the place down. Salander physically incapacitates them, leaving more suspects for Bublanski to find. She returns to her apartment and, having no choice, decides to find Zalachenko and kill him. Salander discovers the blond giant's identity ("Ronald Niedermann") and his connection to a post office box in Göteborg, and she goes there to find him and Zalachenko.
In his apartment, Blomkvist finds Salander's keys, which he had picked up after her escape from Lundin. He manages to find her new, upscale apartment as well as the DVD revealing Bjurman's crime. With information from Björck and Salander's former guardian, Holger Palmgren, Blomkvist is able to piece together the entire story: Zalachenko is a former Soviet defector under secret Swedish protection, whose very existence is kept classified by Säpo; Bjurman and Björck knew about him only because they happened to be the junior officers on duty the day Zalachenko went into a police station and demanded political asylum. Zalachenko, initially a source of vital information on the USSR's intelligence operations to Säpo, began to traffic in sex slaves on the side. He became the partner of a 17-year-old woman who became pregnant with twins, Lisbeth and Camilla. Zalachenko was an itinerant father who physically and emotionally abused his partner when he was home. The cycle of violence culminated in Lisbeth Salander's deliberately setting his car alight with gasoline while her father was in it. This is the event Salander refers to as "All the Evil", since the authorities, instead of listening to her pleas on behalf of her mother, imprisoned Salander and declared her insane.
Salander's mother was left with the first of a series of cerebral hemorrhages which consigned her to nursing homes and ultimately caused her death. Salander realised that the government would never acknowledge Zalachenko's crimes, which would require them to admit his existence. Zalachenko was allowed to walk away, but suffered serious injuries and had to have his foot amputated.
Niedermann had killed Svensson and Johansson on Zalachenko's orders: when Salander visited them, she asked whether Bjurman had ever showed up on their list of high-ranking abusers, and they called him immediately after she left. Bjurman then called Zalachenko in a panic, leading not only to their deaths but to his own, as well.
Blomkvist does not share all of his findings with Bublanski, out of respect for Salander's privacy, but between his testimony, the various character witnesses, and the additional accomplices piling up, the police are forced to admit that their original suspicions of Salander as a psychotic murderer may have been wrong. Milton Security are ejected from the investigation when it becomes clear that Hedström is the inside source who has been leaking sensational details to the press. Armansky is satisfied, as his true goal in aiding the investigation—ensuring Salander is not simply condemned as a murderer out of hand—has been achieved. Finally, Blomkvist finds Niedermann's Göteborg address, and sets off for the farm where Niedermann and Zalachenko await. He has deduced that Salander has entered what Roberto and his boxing friends called "Terminator Mode", where she attacks without restraint to defend her life and those she cares about.
Salander enters the farmhouse and is captured as a result of secret cameras and alarms Zalachenko had installed. Zalachenko tells Salander that Niedermann is her half-brother. When Salander attempts to escape, Zalachenko shoots her in the hip, shoulder, and head, and Niedermann buries her, not realising she is still alive. Salander digs herself out and again attempts to kill Zalachenko with an axe, noting that Zalachenko's use of a Browning .22 firearm is the only reason she survived. On his way to Göteborg, Blomkvist sees Niedermann trying to hitch a ride, captures him at gunpoint, and ties him against a signpost by the road. The book ends as Blomkvist finds Salander and calls emergency services.
Characters[edit]
Main characters[edit]
Mikael Blomkvist – A journalist and publisher at Millennium magazine
Lisbeth Salander – A private investigator, hacker, and accused triple-murderer
Alexander Zalachenko (Zala) a.k.a. Karl Axel Bodin – A former Soviet spy who turns out to be deeply involved in Salander's dark past
Ronald Niedermann a.k.a. The Giant – Zalachenko's henchman who is connected to Salander in a way which she does not realise
Carl-Magnus Lundin – The President of Svavelsjö Motorcycle Club (Svavelsjö MC) who sells drugs and is commissioned to kidnap Salander for Zala
Related to Millennium magazine[edit]
Erika Berger – Editor in chief of Millennium magazine and Blomkvist's on–off lover
Harriet Vanger – Majority investor in Millennium
Malin Eriksson – Managing editor of Millennium magazine
Christer Malm – Art director and designer of Millennium magazine
Dag Svensson – A journalist who is writing an exposé on the Swedish sex trade
Mia Johansson – Dag's girlfriend and doctoral student
Henry Cortez – Part-time journalist at Millennium magazine
Lotta Karim – Part-time journalist at Millennium magazine
Monika Nillson – Journalist at Millennium magazine
Related to Milton Security[edit]
Dragan Armansky – Salander's former boss and director of Milton Security
Sonny Bohman – A former policeman and part of the team Armansky assigns to support the police investigation
Johan Fräklund – Chief of Operations at Milton Security and assigned to support police investigation
Niklas Hedström – Works for Milton Security and is assigned to support police investigation but sabotages it. A heart problem kept him from becoming a police man. He hates Salander since she caught him blackmailing a client
Related to police investigation[edit]
Jan Bublanski – A police officer who is in charge of Salander's case, nicknamed Officer Bubble
Sonja Modig – A detective in Bublanski's team
Richard Ekström – A prosecutor of Salander's case
Hans Faste – Working in Bublanski's team, causing trouble with his sexually discriminating attitude
Curt Svensson – Police officer in Bublanski's team
Jerker Holmberg – Police officer in Bublanski's team
Other characters[edit]
Annika Gianinni – Blomkvist's sister and an attorney
Miriam "Mimmi" Wu – A kickboxer, university student and Salander's best friend
Nils Bjurman – An attorney and Salander's current guardian since Palmgren's stroke
Paolo Roberto – A former professional boxer and Salander's boxing instructor. The character is based on the real boxer Paolo Roberto.
Gunnar Björk – A Swedish Security Police officer and former punter abusing women. He is also the lead source for Blomkvist on Zalachenko.
Holger Palmgren – Lisbeth Salander's former guardian; she visits him in a rehabilitation home and they play a game of chess together. In her memoir "There Are Things I Want You to Know" About Stieg Larsson and Me, Eva Gabrielsson tells readers that this chess game was inspired by her brother Björn who Stieg Larsson used to play the game with and with whom he was very close.[2]
Greger Beckman – Erika Berger's husband
George Bland – Black teenage boy whom Salander has an affair with in Grenada
Richard Forbes – Reverend and Salander's hotel room neighbour in Grenada
Geraldine Forbes – Battered wife of Richard Forbes
Sonny Nieminen – Part of Svavelsjö MC and involved in trying to kidnap Salander
Reception[edit]
The English version was published in January 2009 and immediately became a number 1 bestseller.[1] It received generally positive reviews from most of the major UK newspapers. Many reviewers agreed with Joan Smith at The Sunday Times that this novel was “even more gripping and astonishing than the first”. Carla McKay at the Daily Mail said that, like its predecessor, the book is "not just a thrilling read, but tackles head-on the kind of issues that Larsson himself railed against in society".[3]
Most of the reviewers concentrated mainly on the character of Lisbeth Salander, with Mark Lawson at the Guardian saying that "the huge pleasure of these books is Salander, a fascinating creation with a complete and complex psychology."[4] Boyd Tonkin in The Independent said: "the spiky and sassy Lisbeth Salander – punkish wild child, traumatised survivor of the 'care' system, sexual adventurer and computer hacker of genius" was "the most original heroine to emerge in crime fiction for many years".[5] Michiko Kakutani at The New York Times wrote that "Salander and Blomkvist, transcend their genre and insinuate themselves in the reader’s mind through their oddball individuality, their professional competence and, surprisingly, their emotional vulnerability."[6]
Cultural notes[edit]
The character of Paolo Roberto is an actual person. He is a former boxer and television chef who has also dabbled in politics. He played himself in the 2009 film adaptation of the book.[7][8]
In the first part of the book, Salander is exploring Dimensions in Mathematics apparently written by L. C. Parnault and published by Harvard University Press in 1999. On February 9, 2009, Harvard University Press announced on their website that this book and the author are purely fictitious.[9]
The mysterious Karl Axel Bodin, in whose house Salander finds Zalachenko and Niedermann, is a historical name. Bodin was born in Karlstad and later moved to Sundsvall. He went to Norway to join the Waffen-SS; at the end of World War II, he was attached to the country's branch of the Gestapo. At the war's end, Bodin and another Swedish volunteer stole a car in an attempted escape to Sweden. The car's owner saw the theft, and soon a gunfight erupted in which the car owner and Bodin's friend were shot. Bodin left his friend behind and crossed the border.[10]
Film and TV adaptations[edit]
Sweden portal
Books portal
2000s portal
The Girl Who Played with Fire (film), 2009
Millennium, a Swedish six-part television miniseries based on the film adaptations of Stieg Larsson's series of the same name, was broadcast on SVT1 from 20 March 2010 to 24 April 2010. The series was produced by Yellow Bird in cooperation with several production companies, including SVT, Nordisk Film, Film i Västm, and ZDF Enterprises.
Dragon Tattoo Trilogy: Extended Edition is the title of the TV miniseries release on DVD, Blu-ray, and video on demand in the US. This version of the miniseries comprises nine hours of story content, including over two hours of additional footage not seen in the theatrical versions of the original Swedish films. The four-disc set includes two hour special features and extended editions of The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo, The Girl Who Played with Fire and The Girl Who Kicked the Hornet's Nest.[11]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Top 10 hardbacks - fiction. The Sunday Times Bestseller List, April 25, 2010". The Sunday Times. London. April 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ Gabrielsson, Eva, Marie-Françoise Colombani, and Linda Coverdale. "There Are Things I Want You to Know" about Stieg Larsson and Me. New York: Seven Stories, 2011.
Jump up ^ McKay, Carla (January 22, 2009). "Crime". Daily Mail. London.
Jump up ^ Lawson, Mark (January 10, 2009). "Hot for anything". The Guardian. London.
Jump up ^ "Boyd Tonkin: A Swedish punk tops our charts". The Independent. London. January 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Suspected, Pursued. Innocent?". The New York Times. 16 July 2009. Retrieved 19 October 2014.
Jump up ^ (Swedish)
Jump up ^ (Swedish)
Jump up ^ "Dimensions in Mathematics - a phantom, a chimera - Harvard University Press Blog". Harvardpress.typepad.com. 2009-02-09. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ "Axis History Factbook: Swedish volunteers: Karl Axel Bodin". Axishistory.com. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
Jump up ^ Dragon Tattoo Trilogy: Extended Edition.
External links[edit]
IMDb The Girl Who Played With Fire
Current edition of The Girl Who Played With Fire on Amazon UK
Fan site on WordPress
UK publisher website for Stieg Larsson's The Girl Who Played with Fire
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Battered wife

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http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1216487/
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http://www.girlwhoplayedwithfire.co.uk/
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values: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2009 film)

values: The Girl Who Kicked the Hornets' Nest (film)

values: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (2011 film)

values: The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo (soundtrack)

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values: Category:Swedish novels adapted into films

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values: La noia que somiava un llumí i un bidó de gasolina – Catalan

values: La chica que soñaba con una cerilla y un bidón de gasolina – Spanish

values: دختری که با آتش بازی کرد – Persian

values: La Fille qui rêvait d'un bidon d'essence et d'une allumette – French

values: 불을 가지고 노는 소녀 – Korean

values: Djevojka koja se igrala vatrom – Croatian

values: Stúlkan sem lék sér að eldinum – Icelandic

values: La ragazza che giocava con il fuoco – Italian

values: הנערה ששיחקה באש – Hebrew

values: გოგონა, რომელიც ცეცხლს ეთამაშებოდა – Georgian

values: ცირა, ნამუთ დაჩხირს ოლაჸაფუდჷ – Mingrelian

values: Галаар наадсан охин (ном) – Mongolian

values: De vrouw die met vuur speelde (boek) – Dutch

values: Dziewczyna, która igrała z ogniem – Polish

values: Flickan som lekte med elden – Portuguese

values: Девушка, которая играла с огнём – Russian

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