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William Baldwin
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This article is about the American actor. For other uses, see William Baldwin (disambiguation).
William Baldwin
Baldwin at the 2008 GLAAD Media Awards.
Born
(1963-02-21) February 21, 1963 (age 55)
Massapequa, New York, U.S.
Alma mater
Binghamton University
Occupation
Actor, producer, writer
Years active
1989–present
Spouse(s)
Chynna Phillips (m. 1995)
Children
3
Family
Baldwin family
Website
www.williambaldwin.net
William Joseph "Billy" Baldwin (born February 21, 1963) is an American actor, producer and writer. A member of the Baldwin family, he is the second-youngest of the four Baldwin brothers, and is best known for his starring roles in the films Flatliners (1990), Backdraft (1991), The Squid and the Whale (2005), and as himself in Forgetting Sarah Marshall. Baldwin is married to singer Chynna Phillips.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 1980s
2.2 1990s
2.3 2000s
2.4 2010s
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 References
6 External links
Early life[edit]
Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York, the son of Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. His father was a high school history/social studies teacher and football coach.[1] He is the brother of actors Alec, Daniel, and Stephen, sometimes collectively known as the Baldwin brothers, and of sisters Beth and Jane, all together known as the Baldwin family. Baldwin was raised in a Catholic family, and has English, Irish, Scottish, French-Canadian, and German ancestry.[2][3][4] A graduate of Alfred G. Berner High School and Binghamton University, where he was a varsity wrestler,[5] he has a degree in political science.
Career[edit]
1980s[edit]
Before starting his acting career, Baldwin was a fashion model for Calvin Klein. His first starring role was in a TV movie as Robert Chambers, alongside Danny Aiello and Lara Flynn Boyle in The Preppie Murder, which aired on ABC in 1989. Baldwin also appeared in the 1989 film Born on the Fourth of July, starring Tom Cruise, where he had a minor role as a U.S Marine during the Vietnam War, his brothers Daniel and Stephen also had minor parts in the film.[citation needed]
Baldwin with Jennifer Grey at the 1988 Academy Awards.
1990s[edit]
Baldwin's first featured film was Internal Affairs, in which he starred alongside Richard Gere and Andy García. He then starred in big-budget films such as Flatliners with stars such as Julia Roberts, Kiefer Sutherland and Kevin Bacon. He portrayed Chicago firefighter Brian McCaffrey in Backdraft alongside Kurt Russell and many other stars. His role in 1993 film Sliver along with Sharon Stone earned him the MTV Movie Award for Most Desirable Male.
In 1995, among other diverse characters he has played in his career, Baldwin was on Joel Schumacher's shortlist for Batman Forever to play the caped crusader, his four diverse choices were Daniel Day-Lewis, Ralph Fiennes, Val Kilmer and Baldwin,[6] the role went to Val Kilmer. Baldwin starred alongside Cindy Crawford in Fair Game, then in 1996 starred in a low-budget film by Miramax Films titled Curdled, and was paid US$150,000 for his performance compared to the $1.7 million he received for his role in Sliver.[7] In 1998, he appeared in Warren Beatty's film Bulworth as Constance Bulworth's lover. In 1999, Baldwin teamed up with Jamie Lee Curtis and Donald Sutherland for the science fiction thriller Virus, and alongside Peter Gallagher in the Showtime original movie, Brotherhood of Murder.[citation needed]
2000s[edit]
Baldwin in 2008
In 2001, Baldwin played a leading role in the television film Double Bang which aired on HBO. Since then, Baldwin has played in other projects such as Red Rover in 2003, Park, Feel and Lenexa, 1 Mile in 2006, Adrift in Manhattan, A Plumm Summer, Noise, and Humble Pie in 2007. His 2004 film Art Heist received much attentions when its released on DVD. Baldwin has continued to act in films and on television, but has not taken many leading roles. He was well received in a supporting role in the 2005 film The Squid and the Whale alongside Laura Linney and Jeff Daniels, for which he earned the Gotham Award for Best Cast. He also co-starred in ABC's Dirty Sexy Money as Donald Sutherland's oldest son, Patrick Darling IV, for the duration of the show until April 2009. In 2008, he appeared in the comedy film Forgetting Sarah Marshall which stars Jason Segel and Kristen Bell, as Detective Hunter Rush. In February 2010, audiences got to hear his first time playing Batman in Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths, a loose adaptation of Grant Morrison's JLA: Earth 2 story.[6]
2010s[edit]
In 2010, Baldwin portrayed Dr. Willam van der Woodsen, father of Serena and Eric van der Woodsen, on the third and fourth seasons of Gossip Girl. Baldwin was also featured with his brother Daniel in UniGlobe Entertainment's breast cancer docu-drama, 1 a Minute.[8] The documentary was made by Namrata Singh Gujral, and will feature breast cancer survivors Olivia Newton-John, Diahann Carroll, Melissa Etheridge, Namrata Singh Gujral, Mumtaz, and Jaclyn Smith, Daniel Baldwin and Priya Dutt. Baldwin was cast in the second season of Parenthood to play a boss and love interest for several episodes.[9] Baldwin joined Parenthood for a multi-episode arc that aired in fall 2010 as Gordon Flint, the "wealthy, charismatic" boss of Adam (Peter Krause), a bachelor who also has eyes for Adam's sister Sarah (Lauren Graham). In 2011, Baldwin starred in the Lifetime Original Movie, The Craigslist Killer which aired January 3, 2011. He plays the lead detective on the case of the killer, Philip Markoff, who connected with victims through Craigslist ads placed in Boston, Massachusetts.
On June 1, 2011, Baldwin starred in the indie film Sexy Evil Genius, alongside Seth Green, Harold Perrineau Jr., Katee Sackhoff and Michelle Trachtenberg. The film was directed by Shawn Piller. In July 2011, Baldwin joined the CBS drama Hawaii Five-0 for a multi-episode arc.[10] On March 22, 2012, Baldwin guest starred on the NBC show 30 Rock. Baldwin plays Lance Drake Mandrell, an actor who plays Jack Donaghy – the role played in the series by Baldwin's real-life brother Alec – in a made-for-TV movie within the show.[11][12] Baldwin is currently a model for Sacoor Brothers. Baldwin appeared in the fourth and final season of Wilfred, replacing Dwight Yoakam in the role of Bruce. In 2015, he narrated for the documentary A Wing and a Prayer, a film about American fighter pilots who assisted in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War and the founding of the Israeli Air Force.[13]
Personal life[edit]
In 1995, Baldwin married singer Chynna Phillips of the music group Wilson Phillips and daughter of musician John Phillips by his second wife, Michelle. Together, they have three children.[14]
Baldwin splits his time between an estate in Santa Barbara, California and another in Bedford Corners, New York (30 minutes away from his brother Stephen's estate in Nyack, New York).[15]
Filmography[edit]
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1989 Born on the Fourth of July U.S. Marine – Vietnam
1990 Internal Affairs Van Stretch
1990 Flatliners Joe Hurley
1991 Backdraft Brian McCaffrey
1993 Three of Hearts Joe
1993 Sliver Zeke Hawkins MTV Movie Award for Most Desirable Male
Nominated – Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actor
1995 A Pyromaniac's Love Story Garet
1995 Fair Game Detective Max Kirkpatrick Nominated – Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Couple (shared with Cindy Crawford)
1996 Curdled Paul Guell
1998 Bulworth Constance Bulworth's Lover
1998 Shattered Image Brian
1999 Virus Steve Baker
2000 Primary Suspect Christian Box
2000 Relative Values Don Lucas
2001 Double Bang Billy Brennan
2001 One Eyed King Frank
2002 You Stupid Man Brady
2003 Red Rover Will Taylor
2004 Art Heist Bruce Walker
2005 The Squid and the Whale Ivan Gotham Award for Best Cast
2006 Park Dennis
2007 Adrift in Manhattan Mark Phipps
2007 A Plumm Summer Mick Plumm
2007 Noise Mayor's Chief of Staff
2008 Forgetting Sarah Marshall Detective Hunter Rush
2010 Justice League: Crisis on Two Earths Batman (voice) Direct-to-video
2010 1 a Minute Himself
2011 Jock the Hero Dog Boatman
2012 Aftermath Shane (voice)
2012 Dino Time Sarco (voice)
2013 The Stranger Within Robert Moore
2015 A Wing and a Prayer Narrator Documentary
2017 Maximum Impact man in shadows
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1989 The Preppie Murder Robert Chambers Television film
2001 Say Nothing Julian Grant Television film
2003 E.D.N.Y. Mike 'Mad Dog' Kelly Television film
2004–05; 2007 Danny Phantom Johnny 13 (voice) 3 episodes
2006 Waterfront Paul Brennan 5 episodes
2007–2009 Dirty Sexy Money Patrick Darling 23 episodes
2010–2012 Gossip Girl Dr. William van der Woodsen 11 episodes
2010 Parenthood Gordon Flint 8 episodes
2011–2012 Hawaii Five-0 Frank Delano 5 episodes
2012 30 Rock Lance Drake Mandrell Episode: "Kidnapped by Danger"
2012 Men at Work Shepard Peters Episode: "Inventing Milo"
2013 Copper William 'Wild Bill' Eustace 2 episodes
2014 Wilfred Bruce Episode: "Patterns"
2015 Forever Oliver Clausten Episode: "The Wolves of Deep Brooklyn"
2015 Hot in Cleveland Dane Stevens 3 episodes
2017 While You Were Dating Nick Stendahl Television film
2017 MacGyver Elwood Davis 3 episodes
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Alec Baldwin Biography (1958–)". Filmreference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Helen's Alec Baldwin site-Interview, 1989". Helenheart.com. Archived from the original on November 15, 2010. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ Alec Baldwin – Juvenile Delinquency, The White House, Newsday – Newsday.com Archived November 30, 2004, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Alec Baldwin".
Jump up ^ Vancheri, Barbara (March 25, 1999). "William Baldwin's support adds weight to wrestling championships". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archived from the original on October 12, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Interview At". Fancoredaily.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "William Baldwin". IMdB.
Jump up ^ "Mcg – Indian Star Rallies Celebrity Support For Cancer Movie". Contactmusic.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ DiNunno, Gina (July 28, 2010). "William Baldwin Joins Parenthood". TV Guide.
Jump up ^ Bryant, Adam (July 30, 2011). "Exclusive: Hawaii Five-0 Books William Baldwin for Recurring Role". TV Guide.
Jump up ^ Sherrow, Rita (March 22, 2012). "Alec Baldwin reveals live episode of '30 Rock'". Tulsa World.
Jump up ^ Kelly Nelson, Liz (March 23, 2012). "'30 Rock': Cynthia Nixon, Billy Baldwin bring 'Kidnapped by Danger' to life". Zap2it. Archived from the original on March 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "A Wing and a Prayer". American Public Television. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Rodriguez, Brenda; Silverman, Stephen M. (December 4, 2004). "Baby Girl for Chynna Phillips, Billy Baldwin". People. Retrieved September 8, 2008.
Jump up ^ Costaregni, Susie (December 3, 2006). "'The Dish' column, 'Christmas concert to help children in Rwanda". Stamford, CT. Archived from the original on December 18, 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2006.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to William Baldwin.
William Baldwin on IMDb
William Baldwin at the TCM Movie Database
William Baldwin at AllMovie
William Baldwin official website
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 66662385
LCCN: no96051221
ISNI: 0000 0001 2137 5336
GND: 131621920
SUDOC: 078021952
BNF: cb14007500s (data)
SNAC: w6v994xv
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Body fat percentage
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The body fat percentage (BFP) of a human or other living being is the total mass of fat divided by total body mass; body fat includes essential body fat and storage body fat. Essential body fat is necessary to maintain life and reproductive functions. The percentage of essential body fat for women is greater than that for men, due to the demands of childbearing and other hormonal functions. The percentage of essential fat is 2–5% in men, and 10–13% in women (referenced through NASM).[1] Storage body fat consists of fat accumulation in adipose tissue, part of which protects internal organs in the chest and abdomen. The minimum recommended total body fat percentage exceeds the essential fat percentage value reported above. A number of methods are available for determining body fat percentage, such as measurement with calipers or through the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis.
The body fat percentage is a measure of fitness level, since it is the only body measurement which directly calculates a person's relative body composition without regard to height or weight. The widely used body mass index (BMI) provides a measure that allows the comparison of the adiposity of individuals of different heights and weights. While BMI largely increases as adiposity increases, due to differences in body composition, other indicators of body fat give more accurate results; for example, individuals with greater muscle mass or larger bones will have higher BMIs. As such, BMI is a useful indicator of overall fitness for a large group of people, but a poor tool for determining the health of an individual.
Contents
[hide]
1 Typical body fat amounts
2 Measurement techniques
2.1 Underwater weighing
2.2 Whole-body air displacement plethysmography
2.3 Near-infrared interactance
2.4 Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
2.4.1 Expansions
2.5 Body average density measurement
2.6 Bioelectrical impedance analysis
2.7 Anthropometric methods
2.7.1 Skinfold methods
2.7.2 Ultrasound
2.7.3 Height and circumference methods
2.7.4 From BMI
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Typical body fat amounts[edit]
Epidemiologically, the percentage of body fat in an individual varies according to sex and age.[2] Various theoretical approaches exist on the relationships between body fat percentage, health, athletic capacity, etc. Different authorities have consequently developed different recommendations for ideal body fat percentages.
This graph from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the United States charts the average body fat percentages of Americans from samples from 1999–2004:
QuickStats: Mean Percentage Body Fat, by Age Group and Sex --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1999--2004
In males, mean percentage body fat ranged from 22.9% at age 16–19 years to 30.9% at age 60–79 years. In females, mean percentage body fat ranged from 32.0% at age 8–11 years to 42.4% at age 60–79 years.[3]
The table below from the American Council on Exercise shows how average percentages differ according to the specified groups and categories:[1]
Description
Women
Men
Essential fat 10–13% 2–5%
Athletes 14–20% 6–13%
Fitness 21–24% 14-17%
Average 25–31% 18-24%
Obese 32% and higher 25% and higher
Essential fat is the level below which physical and physiological health would be negatively affected. Controversy exists as to whether a particular body fat percentage is better for one's health; athletic performance may also be affected. The leanest athletes typically compete at levels of about 6–13% for men or 14–20% for women. Bodybuilders may compete at ranges even lower than these levels. Certified personal trainers will suggest to male bodybuilders that they aim for a body fat percentage between 2% and 4% by contest time. However it is unclear that such levels are ever actually attained since (a) the means to measure such levels are, as noted below, lacking in principle and inaccurate, and (b) 4–6% is generally considered a physiological minimum for human males.[4]
Measurement techniques[edit]
Underwater weighing[edit]
Main article: Hydrostatic weighing
Irrespective of the location from which they are obtained, the fat cells in humans are composed almost entirely of pure triglycerides with an average density of about 0.9 kilograms per litre. Most modern body composition laboratories today use the value of 1.1 kilograms per litre for the density of the “fat free mass”, a theoretical tissue composed of 72% water (density = 0.993), 21% protein (density = 1.340) and 7% mineral (density = 3.000) by weight.
With a well engineered weighing system, body density can be determined with great accuracy by completely submerging a person in water and calculating the volume of the displaced water from the weight of the displaced water. A correction is made for the buoyancy of air in the lungs and other gases in the body spaces. If there were no errors whatsoever in measuring body density, the uncertainty in fat estimation would be about ± 3.8% of the body weight, primarily because of normal variability in body constituents.
Whole-body air displacement plethysmography[edit]
Main article: Whole-body air displacement plethysmography
Body composition measurement with whole-body air displacement plethysmography (ADP) technology
Whole-body air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a recognised and scientifically validated densitometric method to measure human body fat percentage.[5] ADP uses the same principles as the gold-standard method of underwater weighing, but representing a densitometric method that is based on air displacement rather than on water immersion. Air-displacement plethysmography offers several advantages over established reference methods, including a quick, comfortable, automated, noninvasive, and safe measurement process, and accommodation of various subject types (e.g., children, obese, elderly, and disabled persons).[6] However, its accuracy declines at the extremes of body fat percentages, tending to slightly understate the percent body fat in overweight and obese persons (by 1.68–2.94% depending on the method of calculation), and to overstate to a much larger degree the percent body fat in very lean subjects (by an average of 6.8%, with up to a 13% overstatement of the reported body percentage of one individual — i.e. 2% body fat by DXA but 15% by ADP).[7]
Near-infrared interactance[edit]
A beam of infra-red light is transmitted into a biceps. The light is reflected from the underlying muscle and absorbed by the fat. The method is safe, noninvasive, rapid and easy to use.[8]
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry[edit]
Main article: Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, or DXA (formerly DEXA), is a newer method for estimating body fat percentage, and determining body composition and bone mineral density.
X-rays of two different energies are used to scan the body, one of which is absorbed more strongly by fat than the other. A computer can subtract one image from the other, and the difference indicates the amount of fat relative to other tissues at each point. A sum over the entire image enables calculation of the overall body composition.
Expansions[edit]
There are several more complicated procedures that more accurately determine body fat percentage. Some, referred to as multicompartment models, can include DXA measurement of bone, plus independent measures of body water (using the dilution principle with isotopically labeled water) and body volume (either by water displacement or air plethysmography). Various other components may be independently measured, such as total body potassium.
In-vivo neutron activation can quantify all the elements of the body and use mathematical relations among the measured elements in the different components of the body (fat, water, protein, etc.) to develop simultaneous equations to estimate total body composition, including body fat.[9]
Body average density measurement[edit]
Prior to the adoption of DXA, the most accurate method of estimating body fat percentage was to measure that person's average density (total mass divided by total volume) and apply a formula to convert that to body fat percentage.
Since fat tissue has a lower density than muscles and bones, it is possible to estimate the fat content. This estimate is distorted by the fact that muscles and bones have different densities: for a person with a more-than-average amount of bone mass, the estimate will be too low. However, this method gives highly reproducible results for individual persons (± 1%), unlike the methods discussed below, which can have an uncertainty of 10%, or more. The body fat percentage is commonly calculated from one of two formulas (ρ represents density in g/cm3):
Brozek formula: BF = (4.57/ρ − 4.142) × 100[10]
Siri formula is: BF = (4.95/ρ − 4.50) × 100[11]
Bioelectrical impedance analysis[edit]
Main article: Bioelectrical impedance analysis
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The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method is a lower-cost (from less than one to several hundred US dollars in 2006[12]) but less accurate way to estimate body fat percentage. The general principle behind BIA: two or more conductors are attached to a person's body and a small electric current is sent through the body. The resistance between the conductors will provide a measure of body fat between a pair of electrodes, since the resistance to electricity varies between adipose, muscular and skeletal tissue. Fat-free mass (muscle) is a good conductor as it contains a large amount of water (approximately 73%) and electrolytes, while fat is anhydrous and a poor conductor of electric current. Factors that affect the accuracy and precision of this method include instrumentation, subject factors, technician skill, and the prediction equation formulated to estimate the fat-free mass.
Each (bare) foot may be placed on an electrode, with the current sent up one leg, across the abdomen and down the other leg. (For convenience, an instrument which must be stepped on will also measure weight.) Alternatively, an electrode may be held in each hand; calculation of fat percentage uses the weight, so that must be measured with scales and entered by the user. The two methods may give different percentages, without being inconsistent, as they measure fat in different parts of the body. More sophisticated instruments for domestic use are available with electrodes for both feet and hands.
There is little scope for technician error as such, but factors such as eating, drinking and exercising must be controlled[12] since hydration level is an important source of error in determining the flow of the electric current to estimate body fat. The instructions for use of instruments typically recommended not making measurements soon after drinking or eating or exercising, or when dehydrated. Instruments require details such as sex and age to be entered, and use formulae taking these into account; for example, men and women store fat differently around the abdomen and thigh region.
Different BIA analysers may vary. For instance when comparing outputs from a Tanita scale to an Omron Body Logic handheld device, the Tanita scale estimated a 40% higher percentage body fat in college-aged men and a 55% higher percentage in college-aged women when compared to hydrostatic weighing. Population-specific equations are available for some instruments, making them more reliable.[12]
Anthropometric methods[edit]
There exist various anthropometric methods for estimating body fat. The term anthropometric refers to measurements made of various parameters of the human body, such as circumferences of various body parts or thicknesses of skinfolds. Most of these methods are based on a statistical model. Some measurements are selected, and are applied to a population sample. For each individual in the sample, the method's measurements are recorded, and that individual's body density is also recorded, being determined by, for instance, under-water weighing, in combination with a multi-compartment body density model. From this data, a formula relating the body measurements to density is developed.
Because most anthropometric formulas such as the Durnin-Womersley skinfold method,[13] the Jackson-Pollock skinfold method, and the US Navy circumference method, actually estimate body density, not body fat percentage, the body fat percentage is obtained by applying a second formula, such as the Siri or Brozek described in the above section on density. Consequently, the body fat percentage calculated from skin folds or other anthropometric methods carries the cumulative error from the application of two separate statistical models.
These methods are therefore inferior to a direct measurement of body density and the application of just one formula to estimate body fat percentage. One way to regard these methods is that they trade accuracy for convenience, since it is much more convenient to take a few body measurements than to submerge individuals in water.
The chief problem with all statistically derived formulas is that in order to be widely applicable, they must be based on a broad sample of individuals. Yet, that breadth makes them inherently inaccurate. The ideal statistical estimation method for an individual is based on a sample of similar individuals. For instance, a skinfold based body density formula developed from a sample of male collegiate rowers is likely to be much more accurate for estimating the body density of a male collegiate rower than a method developed using a sample of the general population, because the sample is narrowed down by age, sex, physical fitness level, type of sport, and lifestyle factors. On the other hand, such a formula is unsuitable for general use.
Body Fat Caliper
Skinfold methods[edit]
The skinfold estimation methods are based on a skinfold test, also known as a pinch test, whereby a pinch of skin is precisely measured by calipers at several standardized points on the body to determine the subcutaneous fat layer thickness.[14][15] These measurements are converted to an estimated body fat percentage by an equation. Some formulas require as few as three measurements, others as many as seven. The accuracy of these estimates is more dependent on a person's unique body fat distribution than on the number of sites measured. As well, it is of utmost importance to test in a precise location with a fixed pressure. Although it may not give an accurate reading of real body fat percentage, it is a reliable measure of body composition change over a period of time, provided the test is carried out by the same person with the same technique.
Skinfold-based body fat estimation is sensitive to the type of caliper used, and technique. This method also only measures one type of fat: subcutaneous adipose tissue (fat under the skin). Two individuals might have nearly identical measurements at all of the skin fold sites, yet differ greatly in their body fat levels due to differences in other body fat deposits such as visceral adipose tissue: fat in the abdominal cavity. Some models partially address this problem by including age as a variable in the statistics and the resulting formula. Older individuals are found to have a lower body density for the same skinfold measurements, which is assumed to signify a higher body fat percentage. However, older, highly athletic individuals might not fit this assumption, causing the formulas to underestimate their body density.
Ultrasound[edit]
Ultrasound is used extensively to measure tissue structure and has proven to be an accurate technique to measure subcutaneous fat thickness.[16] A-mode and B-mode ultrasound systems are now used and both rely on using tabulated values of tissue sound speed and automated signal analysis to determine fat thickness. By making thickness measurements at multiple sites on the body you can calculate the estimated body fat percentage.[17][18] Ultrasound techniques can also be used to directly measure muscle thickness and quantify intramuscular fat. Ultrasound equipment is expensive, and not cost-effective solely for body fat measurement, but where equipment is available, as in hospitals, the extra cost for the capability to measure body fat is minimal.[12]
Height and circumference methods[edit]
Main article: Body mass index
There also exist formulas for estimating body fat percentage from an individual's weight and girth measurements. For example, the U.S. Navy circumference method compares abdomen or waist and hips measurements to neck measurement and height and other sites claim to estimate one's body fat percentage by a conversion from the body mass index. In the U.S. Navy the method is known as the "rope and choke." There is limited information, however, on the validity of the "rope and choke" method because of its universal acceptance as inaccurate and easily falsified.
The U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps also rely on the height and circumference method.[19] For males, they measure the neck and waist just above the navel. Females are measured around the hips, waist, and neck. These measurements are then looked up in published tables, with the individual's height as an additional parameter. This method is used because it is a cheap and convenient way to implement a body fat test throughout an entire service.
Methods using circumference have little acceptance outside the Department of Defense due to their negative reputation in comparison to other methods. The method's accuracy becomes an issue when comparing people with different body compositions, those with larger necks artificially generate lower body fat percentage calculations than those with smaller necks.
From BMI[edit]
Body fat can be estimated from body mass index (BMI), a person's mass in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters; if weight is measured in pounds and height in inches, the result can be converted to BMI by multiplying by 703.[20] There are a number of proposed formulae that relate body fat to BMI. These formulae are based on work by researchers published in peer-reviewed journals, but their correlation with body fat are only estimates; body fat cannot be deduced accurately from BMI.
Body fat may be estimated from the body mass index by formulae derived by Deurenberg and co-workers. When making calculations, the relationship between densitometrically determined body fat percentage (BF%) and BMI must take age and sex into account. Internal and external cross-validation of the prediction formulas showed that they gave valid estimates of body fat in males and females at all ages. In obese subjects, however, the prediction formulas slightly overestimated the BF%. The prediction error is comparable to the prediction error obtained with other methods of estimating BF%, such as skinfold thickness measurements and bioelectrical impedance. The formula for children is different; the relationship between BMI and BF% in children was found to differ from that in adults due to the height-related increase in BMI in children.[21]
Child body fat % = (1.51 × BMI) − (0.70 × Age) − (3.6 × sex) + 1.4
Adult body fat % = (1.20 × BMI) + (0.23 × Age) − (10.8 × sex) − 5.4
where sex is 1 for males and 0 for females.
Other indices may be used; the body adiposity index was said by its developers to give a direct estimate of body fat percentage, but statistical studies found this not to be so.[22]
See also[edit]
Adipose tissue
Andreas Münzer
Body fat meter
Body volume index
Body water
Lizzie Velásquez, a woman with "zero percent body fat"
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b ACE (2009) What are the guidelines for percentage of body fat loss? American Council on Exercise (ACE). Ask the Expert Blog. December 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ Jackson, AS; Stanforth, PR; Gagnon, J; Rankinen, T; Leon, AS; Rao, DC; Skinner, JS; Bouchard, C; Wilmore, JH (2002). "True". International Journal of Obesity. 26 (6): 789–96. PMID 12037649. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802006.
Jump up ^ "QuickStats: Mean Percentage Body Fat,* by Age Group and Sex --- National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 1999--2004†". cdc.gov.
Jump up ^ Friedl, KE; Moore RJ; Martinez-Lopez LE; Vogel JA; Askew EW; Marchitelli LJ; Hoyt RW; Gordon CC (August 1994). "Lower limit of body fat in healthy active men". J Appl Physiol. 77 (2): 933–40. PMID 8002550.
Jump up ^ McCrory, M. A. et al. "Evaluation of a new air displacement plethysmograph for measuring human body composition". Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Dec 27(12):1686–91.
Jump up ^ Fields, D. A. "Body-composition assessment via air-displacement plethysmography in adults and children: a review". Am J Clin Nutr March 2002 vol. 75 no. 3 453–467.
Jump up ^ Lowry, David W; Tomiyama, A Janet (January 21, 2015). "Air Displacement Plethysmography versus Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Underweight, Normal-Weight, and Overweight/Obese Individuals". PLoS ONE. 10 (1): e0115086. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1015086L. PMC 4301864  . PMID 25607661. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115086. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Conway, JM; Norris, KH; Bodwell, CE (1984). "A new approach for the estimation of body composition: Infrared interactance". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 40 (6): 1123–30. PMID 6507337.
Jump up ^ Cohn, SH; Vaswani, AN; Yasumura, S; Yuen, K; Ellis, KJ (1984). "Improved models for determination of body fat by in vivo neutron activation". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 40 (2): 255–9. PMID 6465059.
Jump up ^ Brožek, Josef; Grande, Francisco; Anderson, Joseph T.; Keys, Ancel (2006). "Densitometric Analysis of Body Composition: Revision of Some Quantitative Assumptions*". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 110: 113–40. Bibcode:1963NYASA.110..113B. PMID 14062375. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb17079.x.
Jump up ^ Siri WE (1961). "Body composition from fluid spaces and density: Analysis of methods". In Brozek J, Henzchel A. Techniques for Measuring Body Composition. Washington: National Academy of Sciences. pp. 224–244.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Brown, Stanley P.; Miller, Wayne C. and Eason, Jane M. (2006) Exercise physiology: Basis of Human Movement in Health and Disease, 2nd Ed., p. 324, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0781777305.
Jump up ^ Durnin, J. V. G. A.; Womersley, J. (2007). "Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: Measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 Years". British Journal of Nutrition. 32 (1): 77–97. PMID 4843734. doi:10.1079/BJN19740060.
Jump up ^ Sarría, A; García-Llop, L A; Moreno, L A; Fleta, J; Morellón, M P; Bueno, M (1998). "Skinfold thickness measurements are better predictors of body fat percentage than body mass index in male spanish children and adolescents". European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 52 (8): 573–6. PMID 9725657. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600606.
Jump up ^ Reuven Bruner (2 November 2001). "A-Z of health, fitness and nutrition". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Heymsfield, Steven (2005). Human Body Composition. Human Kinetics. pp. 425–. ISBN 978-0-7360-4655-8.
Jump up ^ Pineau, Jean-Claude; Guihard-Costa, Anne-Marie; Bocquet, Michel (2007). "Validation of Ultrasound Techniques Applied to Body Fat Measurement". Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism. 51 (5): 421–7. PMID 18025814. doi:10.1159/000111161.
Jump up ^ Utter, Alan C.; Hager, Marion E. (2008). "Evaluation of Ultrasound in Assessing Body Composition of High School Wrestlers". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 40 (5): 943–9. PMID 18408602. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318163f29e.
Jump up ^ "B–3". Army Regulation 600–9: The Army Body Composition Program (PDF). Department of the Army. 28 June 2013. pp. 26–31. Description of circumference sites and their anatomical landmarks and technique
Jump up ^ "Gastric Banding Surgery". UC San Diego.
Jump up ^ BMI to body fat percentage formula, Deurenberg, Paul; Weststrate, Jan A.; Seidell, Jaap C. (2007). "Body mass index as a measure of body fatness: Age- and sex-specific prediction formulas". British Journal of Nutrition. 65 (2): 105–14. PMID 2043597. doi:10.1079/BJN19910073.
Jump up ^ Barreira, Tiago V.; Harrington, Deirdre M.; Staiano, Amanda E.; Heymsfield, Steven B.; Katzmarzyk, Peter T. (2011). "Body Adiposity Index, Body Mass Index, and Body Fat in White and Black Adults". Journal of the American Medical Association. 306 (8): 828–830. PMC 3951848  . PMID 21862743. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1189.
External links[edit]
Gallagher, D; Heymsfield, SB; Heo, M; Jebb, SA; Murgatroyd, PR; Sakamoto, Y (2000). "Healthy percentage body fat ranges: An approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 72 (3): 694–701. PMID 10966886.
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Jack (device)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the lifting device. For other uses, see Jack (disambiguation).
A jack, screwjack or jackscrew is a mechanical device used as a lifting device to lift heavy loads or to apply great forces. A mechanical jack employs a screw thread for lifting heavy equipment. A hydraulic jack uses hydraulic power.[1] The most common form is a car jack, floor jack or garage jack, which lifts vehicles so that maintenance can be performed. Jacks are usually rated for a maximum lifting capacity (for example, 1.5 tons or 3 tons). Industrial jacks can be rated for many tons of load.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Jackscrew
2.1 Scissor Jack
2.2 House jack
3 Hydraulic jack
3.1 Bottle jack
4 Pneumatic jack
4.1 Air hydraulic jack
4.2 Inflatable jack
5 Strand jack
6 Farm jack
7 Safety standards
8 See also
9 References
Etymology[edit]
The personal name Jack, which came into English usage around the thirteenth century as a nickname form of John, came in the sixteenth century to be used as a colloquial word for 'a man (of low status)' (much as in the modern usage 'jack of all trades, master of none'). From here, the word was 'applied to things which in some way take the place of a lad or man, or save human labour'. The first attestation in the Oxford English Dictionary of jack in the sense 'a machine, usually portable, for lifting heavy weights by force acting from below' is from 1679, referring to 'an Engine used for the removing and commodious placing of great Timber.'[2]
Jackscrew[edit]
Scissor Jack[edit]
Jackscrews are integral to the scissor jack, one of the simplest kinds of car jack still used.
Scissor car jacks usually use mechanical advantage to allow a human to lift a vehicle by manual force alone. The jack shown at the right is made for a modern vehicle and the notch fits into a hard point on a unibody. Earlier versions have a platform to lift on a vehicle's frame or axle.
Electrically operated car scissor jacks are powered by 12 volt electricity supplied directly from the car's cigarette lighter receptacle. The electrical energy is used to power these car jacks to raise and lower automatically. Electric jacks require less effort from the motorist for operation.
House jack[edit]
Threaded rod, 7 inches fully extended
2.5-ton house jack that stands 24 inches from top to bottom fully threaded out
A house jack, also called a screw jack, is a mechanical device primarily used to lift buildings from their foundations for repairs or relocation. A series of jacks is used and then wood cribbing temporarily supports the structure. This process is repeated until the desired height is reached. The house jack can be used for jacking carrying beams that have settled or for installing new structural beams. On the top of the jack is a cast iron circular pad that the jacking post rests on. This pad moves independently of the house jack so that it does not turn as the acme-threaded rod is turned with a metal rod. This piece tilts very slightly, but not enough to render the post dangerously out of plumb.
Hydraulic jack[edit]
In 1838 William Joseph Curtis filed a British patent for a hydraulic jack.[3]
In 1851, inventor Richard Dudgeon was granted a patent for a "portable hydraulic press" - the hydraulic jack, a jack which proved to be vastly superior to the screw jacks in use at the time.[4]
Hydraulic jacks are typically used for shop work, rather than as an emergency jack to be carried with the vehicle. Use of jacks not designed for a specific vehicle requires more than the usual care in selecting ground conditions, the jacking point on a vehicle, and to ensure stability when the jack is extended. Hydraulic jacks are often used to lift elevators in low and medium rise buildings.
A hydraulic jack uses a liquid, which is incompressible, that is forced into a cylinder by a pump plunger. Oil is used since it is self lubricating and stable. When the plunger pulls back, it draws oil out of the reservoir through a suction check valve into the pump chamber. When the plunger moves forward, it pushes the oil through a discharge check valve into the cylinder. The suction valve ball is within the chamber and opens with each draw of the plunger. The discharge valve ball is outside the chamber and opens when the oil is pushed into the cylinder. At this point the suction ball within the chamber is forced shut and oil pressure builds in the cylinder.
In a floor jack (aka 'trolley jack') a horizontal piston pushes on the short end of a bellcrank, with the long arm providing the vertical motion to a lifting pad, kept horizontal with a horizontal linkage. Floor jacks usually include castors and wheels, allowing compensation for the arc taken by the lifting pad. This mechanism provides a low profile when collapsed, for easy maneuvering underneath the vehicle, while allowing considerable extension.
Bottle jack[edit]
A bottle jack or whiskey jack[5] is a jack which resembles a bottle in shape, having a cylindrical body and a neck. Within is a vertical lifting ram with a support pad of some kind fixed to the top. The jack may be hydraulic or work by screw action. In the hydraulic version the hydraulic ram emerges from the body vertically by hydraulic pressure provided by a pump either on the baseplate or at a remote location via a pressure hose. With a single action piston the lift range is somewhat limited, so its use for lifting vehicles is limited to those with a relatively high clearance. For lifting structures such as houses the hydraulic interconnection of multiple vertical jacks through valves enables the even distribution of forces while enabling close control of the lift. The screw version of the bottle jack works by turning a large nut running on the threaded vertical ram at the neck of the body. The nut has gear teeth and is turned by a bevel gear spigotted to the body, the bevel gear being turned manually by a jack handle fitting into a square socket. The ram may have a second screwed ram within it, which doubles the lifting range telescopically.
Bottle jacks have a capacity of up to 50 tons and may be used to lift a variety of objects. Typical uses include the repair of automobiles and house foundations. Larger, heavy-duty models may be known as a barrel jack.[6]
This type of jack is best used for short vertical lifts.[7] Blocks may be used to repeat the operation when a greater amount of elevation is required.[8]
Pneumatic jack[edit]
Air hydraulic jack[edit]
An air hydraulic jack is a hydraulic jack that is actuated by compressed air - for example, air from a compressor - instead of human work. This eliminates the need for the user to actuate the hydraulic mechanism, saving effort and potentially increasing speed. Sometimes, such jacks are also able to be operated by the normal hydraulic actuation method, thereby retaining functionality, even if a source of compressed air is not available.
Inflatable jack[edit]
A demonstration of using two stacked air bags to lift the rear of the car
An inflatable jack, lifting bag, or pneumatic lifting bag is an air bag that is inflated by compressed air (without a hydraulic component) in order to lift objects. The bag can be deflated to be reused later. The objects can be of a smaller load such as an automobile[9] or it can be a larger object such as an airplane.[10]
Air bags are also used by rescuers to lift heavy objects up to help victims who are trapped under those objects. There are three main types of lifting bags for rescue: high pressure, medium pressure and low pressure systems. Low-pressure bags are operated at 7.25 psi for high vertical lift in a large surface area but lower lifting capacities. Medium-pressure bags are operated at 15 psi. High-pressure bags which have higher lifting capacities are operated at pressure between 90 and 145 psi. Two air bags can be stacked together to provide a higher lift. It is recommended that no more than two bags can be used in a stacked configuration, the bigger bag must be the bottom one, and no other objects are inserted between the stacked bags. Incorrect use of stacked bags may result in a bag (or other objects) shooting out to create a dangerous projectile.[11]
Strand jack[edit]
A strand jack is a specialized hydraulic jack that grips steel cables; often used in concert, strand jacks can lift hundreds of tons and are used in engineering and construction.
Farm jack[edit]
A farm jack attached to a vehicle
The farm jack also known as a railroad jack was invented in 1905. It consists of a steel beam with a series of equally spaced holes along its length, and a hand operated mechanism which can be moved from one end of the beam to the other through the use of a pair of climbing pins. Typical sizes for the farm jack are 4 feet (1.2 m), 5 feet (1.5 m)and 6 feet (1.8 m) referring to the length of the beam.
The jack's versatility stems from its use for such applications as lifting, winching, clamping, pulling and pushing. It is this versatility, along with the long travel it offers and its relative portability, which make the farm jack so popular with off-road drivers.
Safety standards[edit]
National and international standards have been developed to standardize the safety and performance requirements for jacks and other lifting devices. Selection of the standard is an agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, and has some significance in the design of the jack. In the United States, ASME has developed the Safety Standard for Portable Automotive Service Equipment, last revised in 2014, including requirements for hydraulic hand jacks, transmission jacks, emergency tire changing jacks, service jacks, fork lift jacks, and other lifting devices.[12]
See also[edit]
Look up jack in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Pallet jack
Lift slab construction
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Different Types of Jacks | Metro Hydraulic". www.metrohydraulic.com. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
Jump up ^ Oxford English Dictionary Online, quoting senses II and 10a.
Jump up ^ https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=FHRUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111&dq=Miller+1806+2926+Patent&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiS7PmshazSAhXGD8AKHU9XCBUQ6AEIGjAA#v=snippet&q=Hydraulic%20Jack&f=false
Jump up ^ Dudgeon, Jl Ujb richard (Jan 25, 1859), Richard dudgeon, retrieved 2016-02-05
Jump up ^ William Cox (July 2001), "Light Talk on Heavy Jacks", Old-House Journal: 37
Jump up ^ Brian S. Elliott (2006), "Air-Over-Hydraulic Jacks", Compressed air operations manual, McGraw-Hill Professional, pp. 56–58, ISBN 978-0-07-147526-6
Jump up ^ George William Sutcliffe (1895), Steam power and mill work principles and modern practice, Whittaker & Co., p. 828, The bottle-jack is exceedingly firm and safe for short vertical lifts, but is not convenient for pushing in a horizontal or oblique direction.
Jump up ^ John Norman (2009), Fire Department Special Operations, Fire Engineering Books, p. 51, ISBN 978-1-59370-193-2
Jump up ^ "Detroit Listening Post". Popular Mechanics. 132 (4): 44. ISSN 0032-4558. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lifting Bag and Poppet Riveter Repair "Forts"". Popular Mechanics. 81 (1): 26. ISSN 0032-4558. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Pneumatic Lifting Bags". Windsor Fire & Rescue Services. Archived from the original on 28 December 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2013.
Jump up ^ [1]
Authority control
NDL: 00574971
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text:
Going in Style (2017 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Going in Style
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Zach Braff
Produced by
Donald De Line
Screenplay by
Theodore Melfi
Based on
Going in Style
by Martin Brest
Starring
Morgan Freeman
Michael Caine
Alan Arkin
Joey King
Matt Dillon
Christopher Lloyd
Ann-Margret
Music by
Rob Simonsen
Cinematography
Rodney Charters
Edited by
Myron I. Kerstein
Production
companies
New Line Cinema[1]
Village Roadshow Pictures[2]
De Line Pictures[1]
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures[1]
Release date
March 30, 2017 (2017-03-30) (SVA Theatre)
April 7, 2017 (2017-04-07) (United States)
Running time
96 minutes[3]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$25 million[4]
Box office
$84.9 million[4]
Going in Style is a 2017 American heist comedy film directed by Zach Braff and written by Theodore Melfi. A remake of the 1979 film of the same name, it stars Morgan Freeman, Michael Caine, Alan Arkin, Joey King, Matt Dillon, Christopher Lloyd, Ann-Margret and John Ortiz, and follows a trio of retirees who plan to rob a bank after their pensions are cancelled.
The film premiered at the SVA Theatre on March 30, 2017 and was released in the United States on April 7, 2017. It received mixed reviews from critics and grossed $84 million worldwide against its $25 million budget.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
5 References
6 External links
Plot[edit]
Joe, Willie, and Albert are senior citizens and lifelong friends living in New York. During an unpleasant appointment at the bank, Joe is one of the victims to witness a robbery in progress carried out by three individuals wearing black masks. During the robbery, he notices the leader bearing a Mongol warrior tattoo on his neck as the only lead that could help the police identify the culprit. However, the leader sympathizes with Joe when he finds out about his current financial situation brought up by the bank. Then, the robbers manage to escape with over $1.6 million.
When the company they worked for is bought out, their pensions become a casualty of the restructuring. Joe is hit particularly hard and finds out that he, his daughter, Rachel, and granddaughter, Brooklyn, will be homeless in fewer than 30 days. Willie finds out he's gravely ill from kidney failure and needs a transplant and is even more frustrated because his financial situation forces him into a long-distance relationship with his daughter and granddaughter. Desperate, the three friends decide to rob the bank that is going to restructure their pension funds and take back what is rightfully theirs.
Inspired by his experience of the robbery, Joe originates the idea; at first Albert and Willie are appalled, but eventually agree when they later learn that their bank intends to steal their pensions. Trying to shoplift some items from a grocery store, where Al's love interest, Annie, works, results in a comic disaster, so the trio turn to Joe's former son-in-law, Murphy, and a criminal working as a pet store owner named Jesus to teach them the ropes. They plan an alibi using their lodge's carnival as a cover.
Joe, Willie, and Albert disguise themselves as "The Rat Pack" (Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, and Sammy Davis, Jr.) and use guns with blanks so that no one gets hurt. The robbery almost goes awry when Willie collapses briefly and a child witness partially pulls off his mask to allow him to breathe better; she sees the wrist watch he wears with a picture of his granddaughter on it as he engages in a friendly conversation and sympathizes with her, so as not to let her feel intimidated about the robbery in progress and when the bank manager clumsily tries to fire shots at them; however, the three manage to get away with over 2.3 million dollars. They are soon arrested on suspicion by FBI Agent Hamer after the manager from the grocery store recognizes Al's walk from the video surveillance cameras, but they all stick to their alibis.
Hamer puts them along with other senior suspects into a police lineup, using the child witness who partially took off Willie's mask. She refuses to identify Willie, leaving Hamer with no case. Willie suffers total renal failure and is near death until Al agrees to donate a kidney. While part of the money is used to help the three friends with their financial situations, the rest is given to their families, friends, co-workers, and fellow members at the lodge. Joe finally gets his granddaughter a puppy he promised her if she got A's in every subject at school; courtesy of Jesus, who is later revealed to be the leader of the robbers from the robbery Joe witnessed and has laundered the money that they stole. The tattoo on his neck is also revealed to be a fake made of Henna, intended to throw the FBI and the police off the scent. The movie ends at Al and Annie's wedding as the three friends celebrate their good fortune.
Cast[edit]
Morgan Freeman as Willie Davis, one of the three protagonists.
Michael Caine as Joe Harding, one of the three protagonists.
Alan Arkin as Albert Garner, one of the three protagonists.
Joey King as Brooklyn,[5][6] Joe's whip-smart granddaughter.
Maria Dizzia as Rachel Harding, Joe's daughter.
Ashley Aufderheide as Kanika, Willie's granddaughter.
Gillian Glasco as Maya Davis, Willie's daughter.
Matt Dillon as Special Agent Hamer, an FBI agent who investigates bank robberies.
Ann-Margret as Annie Santori, Albert’s love interest, Ezra's grandmother, and an employee at Value Town.
Jeremy Schinder as Ezra Bronkowski, Annie's grandson.
Anthony Chisholm as Paul, the Knights Grandmaster.
Christopher Lloyd as Milton Kupchak, the guys' senile lodge buddy.
Annabelle Chow as Lucy, the child witness.
Nancy Sun as Mandy, Lucy's mother.
Kenan Thompson as Keith Schonfield, a grocery store manager of Value Town.
Josh Pais as Chuck Lofton, the bank manager of Williamsburg Savings Bank who intends to take Joe's house in a month.
Siobhan Fallon Hogan as Mitzi, a waitress at Nat's Diner.
John Ortiz as Jesus Garcia, a man of unspecified credentials who agrees to show the guys the ropes, a pet store owner in Queens, and the leader of robbers at the beginning of the film.
Peter Serafinowicz as Murphy, Joe's former son-in-law, Rachel's former husband, and Brooklyn's estranged father.
Production[edit]
On October 12, 2012, it was announced that New Line Cinema and Warner Bros. were developing a remake of 1979 heist comedy film Going in Style, with Theodore Melfi set to write the script.[7] Donald De Line was on board to produce the film with Tony Bill, producer of the original film, as executive producer.[7] Melfi was approached by De Line and Andrew Haas about writing the screenplay for the remake, but Melfi insisted on changing the ending to something more upbeat. Melfi explained, "In this modern era, and even for me, I don’t want to see a movie where my heroes whom I’ve been fighting for and rooting for for two hours die or go to jail. I want to see them get ahead, and it’s perfect for them to get ahead these days because everyone hates banks now. So let’s have them put the perfect heist together, rob a bank, get away with it, and go off into the sunset. They said, 'Yes, let’s do that,' and that’s how that script was born."[8]
On January 9, 2013, Don Scardino was hired to direct the film.[9] On September 19, 2013, Melfi, who wrote the script was in talks to direct the film.[10] On November 19, 2014, it was revealed that Zach Braff was in talks with the studio to direct the film, but he was not officially offered yet.[11] On November 19, 2014, it was announced that Morgan Freeman and Michael Caine were cast in the film to play the lead roles, while Dustin Hoffman was in talks to join them.[12] On April 9, 2015, Alan Arkin joined the cast of the film to complete the lead cast of three.[13] On August 3, 2015, Joey King joined the cast of the film to play Caine's character's granddaughter.[6] On August 10, 2015, Matt Dillon was added to the cast to play an FBI agent named Hamer, pursuing the three elderly lifelong friends and robbers.[14] The same day, Ann-Margret was cast in the film for an unspecified role.[15]
Principal photography on the film began in Brooklyn, New York City on August 3, 2015.[13][16] Filming also took place in Astoria, Queens.[17][18]
Release[edit]
Going in Style was released on April 7, 2017,[19] which Warner Bros moved from an original May 6, 2016 date.[20]
Box office[edit]
Going in Style grossed $45 million in the United States and Canada and $39.6 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $84.6 million, against a production budget of $25 million.[4]
In North America, the film opened alongside Smurfs: The Lost Village and The Case for Christ, and was projected to gross around $8 million from 3,061 theaters in its opening weekend.[21] It grossed $4.2 million on its first day and $11.9 million over the weekend, finishing above expectations and 4th at the box office.[22] In its second weekend the film grossed $6.3 million (a drop of 47%), finishing 5th at the box office.[23]
Critical response[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 46% based on 134 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Despite the considerable talent of its leads, Going in Style is light on laughs and plays it safe far too often."[24] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 50 out of 100, based on 31 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[25] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[26]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Film releases". Variety Insight. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
Jump up ^ http://www.the-numbers.com/movie/Going-in-Style-(remake)
Jump up ^ "Going in Style (2017)". AMC Theatres. Retrieved March 9, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Going in Style (2017)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Morgan Freeman, Michael Caine, Alan Arkin star in 'Going in Style'". The Philippine Star. 13 August 2015. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Lloyd, Kenji (August 3, 2015). "Joey King Joins Zach Braff’s Going in Style, Production Begins Wednesday". finalreel.co.uk. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Kit, Borys (October 12, 2012). "New Line Remaking 1979 George Burns Film 'Going In Style' (Exclusive)". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ McKittrick, Christopher (February 1, 2017). "Hidden Figures: "A Mathematical Juggling Act"". creativescreenwriting.com. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (January 9, 2013). "'Burt Wonderstone' Director Tapped for 'Going in Style' Remake". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (September 19, 2013). "New Line In Talks With Ted Melfi To Helm ‘Going In Style’ Heist Remake". deadline.com. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ge, Linda (November 19, 2014). "Zach Braff in Talks to Direct ‘Going In Style’ Remake". thewrap.com. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (November 19, 2014). "Dustin Hoffman in Talks to Join Morgan Freeman, Michael Caine in ‘Going in Style’ (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b McNary, Dave (April 9, 2015). "Alan Arkin Joins Morgan Freeman, Michael Caine in ‘Going in Style’ (EXCLUSIVE)". variety.com. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike, Jr. (August 10, 2015). "Matt Dillon To Chase Retired Robbers In ‘Going In Style’ Remake". deadline.com. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sneider, Jeff (August 10, 2015). "Ann-Margret Returns to Big Screen in Zach Braff’s ‘Going in Style’ Remake (Exclusive)". TheWrap. Retrieved August 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "On the Set for 7/31/15: Chris Pratt Wraps 'Magnificent Seven', Dwayne Johnson Completes 'Central Intelligence', Chris Hemsworth Finishes 'The Huntsman'". ssninsider.com. July 31, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Morgan Freeman’s ‘Going in Style’ Casting Call for Teen Actors". projectcasting.com. July 28, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Christopher Lloyd, Morgan Freeman, Michael Cane spotted on the set of ‘Going in Style’". onlocationvacations.com. August 31, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (March 8, 2016). "Warner Bros. Shifts Release Dates For ‘The Accountant’, ‘Going In Style’ & ‘The House’". Deadline. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (May 27, 2015). "Warner Bros Dates Catnapping Pic ‘Keanu’ & ‘Going In Style’ Remake For 2016". deadline.com. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Boss Baby' to sack 'Smurfs,' and other box office predictions". Los Angeles Times. April 5, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "‘Boss Baby’ Crawls Ahead Of ‘Beauty’ With $26M+; ‘Smurfs’ Lost In 3rd With $14M". Deadline.com. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Box Office: 'Ghost In The Shell,' 'Power Rangers' Stumble, 'Boss Baby,' 'Beauty And The Beast' Hold". Forbes. April 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Going in Style (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Going in Style reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com.
External links[edit]
Official website
Going in Style on IMDb
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Zach Braff
Garden State (2004)
Wish I Was Here (2014)
Going in Style (2017)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Going_in_Style_(2017_film)&oldid=803924893"
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Going in Style

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De Line Pictures

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values: Going in Style (película de 2017) – Spanish

values: مد روز (فیلم ۲۰۱۷) – Persian

values: ジーサンズ はじめての強盗 – Japanese

values: W starym, dobrym stylu (film 2017) – Polish

values: Уйти красиво – Russian

values: У великом стилу (филм из 2017) – Serbian

values: Красиво піти (фільм, 2017) – Ukrainian

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