text:
From the Beginning (song)
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"From the Beginning"
Single by Emerson, Lake & Palmer
from the album Trilogy
B-side
"Living Sin"
Released
August 1972
Format
7"
Genre
Art rock, progressive rock
Length
3:48 (single version)
4:14 (album version)
Label
Cotillion
Songwriter(s)
Greg Lake
Producer(s)
Greg Lake
Emerson, Lake & Palmer singles chronology
"Nutrocker"
(1971) "From the Beginning"
(1972) "Jerusalem"
(1973)
"Nutrocker"
(1971) "From the Beginning"
(1972) "Jerusalem"
(1973)
"From the Beginning" is a song written by Greg Lake and performed by the progressive rock trio Emerson, Lake & Palmer. It was released on their 1972 album Trilogy. It hit #39 in the United States and was their highest charting single there.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Charts
3 Cover versions
4 References
Composition[edit]
The song was written in the key of A minor.[2] It is driven by an acoustic guitar line with layers of electric guitar (both rhythm and lead), electric bass guitar, double bass, and sung by Lake, with some backing on drums (played by Carl Palmer with congas, tympani mallets and without cymbals), and with a distinctive closing synthesizer solo from Keith Emerson, accompanied by overdubbed synthesizer sounds.[3][4]
Charts[edit]
Chart (1972)
Peak
position
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[5] 34
US Billboard Hot 100[1] 39
US Cashbox Top Singles[6] 40
Cover versions[edit]
Marsyas (cs) covered the song in Czech under the name "Studená koupel" in their 1982 album, Kousek přízně.[7]
Dokken covered the song in their 1995 album, Dysfunctional.[8]
The song was sampled by singer Amerie on the track "Got To Be There" from her debut 2002 album, All I Have with Greg Lake receiving a songwriting credit.[9]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Billboard Hot 100". 28 October 1972. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "From the Beginning". Musicnotes.com. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Heller, Jason; Gehr, Richard; Epstein, Dan (11 March 2016). "Emerson, Lake and Palmer: 10 Essential Songs". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Kovarsky, Jerry (17 June 2016). "The Art of Synth Soloing: Welcome Back My Friend (More Emerson)". Keyboard. Archived from the original on 18 June 2016. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 4208." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box Top 100". 21 October 1972. Retrieved 1 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Gratias, Petr (22 September 2011). "Hudební echo: Kousek přízně (1982)" (in Czech). Retrieved 2 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Flick, Larry (23 November 1996). "Dokken". Billboard. 108 (47): 84. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Verrico, Lisa (9 August 2002). "Talk of the Clones". The Times. p. 12. Other highlights include the jazzy ballad Nothing Like Loving You and the Emerson Lake and Palmer-sampling Got to be There. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
[hide]
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Emerson, Lake & Palmer
Keith Emerson
Greg Lake
Carl Palmer
Studio albums
Emerson, Lake & Palmer
Tarkus
Trilogy
Brain Salad Surgery
Works Volume 1
Works Volume 2
Love Beach
Black Moon
In the Hot Seat
Live albums
Pictures at an Exhibition
Welcome Back, My Friends, to the Show That Never Ends ~ Ladies and Gentlemen
In Concert / Works Live
Live at the Royal Albert Hall
King Biscuit Flower Hour: Greatest Hits Live
Live in Poland
Live at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970
Then and Now
The Original Bootleg Series from the Manticore Vaults
A Time and a Place
High Voltage
Live at Nassau Coliseum '78
Live at the Mar y Sol Festival '72
Compilation albums
The Best of Emerson, Lake & Palmer
The Very Best of Emerson, Lake & Palmer
The Ultimate Collection
The Essential Emerson, Lake & Palmer
Box sets
The Return of the Manticore
From the Beginning
A Time and a Place
Songs
"Take a Pebble"
"Lucky Man"
"Fanfare for the Common Man"
"From the Beginning"
"I Believe in Father Christmas"
"Karn Evil 9"
"Tarkus"
"The Barbarian"
"Knife-Edge"
Related articles
Discography
Manticore Records
Emerson, Lake & Powell
Emerson, Lake & Powell (album)
3
To the Power of Three
The Nice
King Crimson
Atomic Rooster
Asia
Peter Sinfield
Cozy Powell
Robert Berry

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text:
Wheat flour
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the very fine stone-milled whole wheat flour from the Indian subcontinent, see Atta flour.
Wheat flour, whole-grain
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy
1,418 kJ (339 kcal)
Carbohydrates
72.57 g
Sugars
0.41 g
Dietary fiber
12.2 g
Fat
1.87 g
Protein
13.70 g
Vitamins
(%DV)†
Qty
Thiamine (B1)
(39%)
0.447 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
(18%)
0.215 mg
Niacin (B3)
(42%)
6.365 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)
(20%)
1.008 mg
Vitamin B6
(26%)
0.341 mg
Folate (B9)
(11%)
44 μg
Minerals
Calcium
(3%)
34 mg
Iron
(30%)
3.88 mg
Magnesium
(39%)
138 mg
Manganese
(181%)
3.8 mg
Phosphorus
(49%)
346 mg
Potassium
(9%)
405 mg
Sodium
(0%)
5 mg
Zinc
(31%)
2.93 mg
Units
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units
†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
Wheat flour is a powder made from the grinding of wheat used for human consumption. Wheat varieties are called "soft" or "weak" if gluten content is low, and are called "hard" or "strong" if they have high gluten content. Hard flour, or bread flour, is high in gluten, with 12% to 14% gluten content, and its dough has elastic toughness that holds its shape well once baked. Soft flour is comparatively low in gluten and thus results in a loaf with a finer, crumbly texture.[1] Soft flour is usually divided into cake flour, which is the lowest in gluten, and pastry flour, which has slightly more gluten than cake flour.
In terms of the parts of the grain (the grass fruit) used in flour—the endosperm or protein/starchy part, the germ or protein/fat/vitamin-rich part, and the bran or fiber part—there are three general types of flour. White flour is made from the endosperm only. Brown flour includes some of the grain's germ and bran, while whole grain or wholemeal flour is made from the entire grain, including the bran, endosperm, and germ. Germ flour is made from the endosperm and germ, excluding the bran.
Contents
[hide]
1 Milling
2 Types
2.1 Canada
2.2 Fiji
2.3 Indian wheat flours
2.4 Southeast Asia
2.5 United States
2.6 Other
3 Flour strength – W index
4 National Flour in the United Kingdom
5 Flour production
5.1 Kenya
6 See also
7 References
Milling[edit]
To produce refined (white) wheat flour,[2] grain is usually tempered, i.e. moisture added to the grain, before milling, to optimize milling efficiency. This softens the starchy "endosperm" portion of the wheat kernel, which will be separated out in the milling process to produce what is known to consumers as white flour. The addition of moisture also stiffens the bran and ultimately reduces the energy input required to shatter the kernel, while at the same time avoiding the shattering of bran and germ particles to be separated out in this milling process by sieving or sifting.
The endosperm portion of the kernel makes up about 80% of the volume and is desirable because the products produced by this white flour are often considered to have milder flavor, smoother texture, and, in the case of bread, greater volume. The balance of the kernel is composed of the bran and the germ which tend to be coarser. With the invention of the roller milling system in the late 19th century, the bran and the germ were able to be removed, dramatically improving the appeal of baked products to the public.
The moistened grain is first passed through the series of break rollers, then sieved to separate out the fine particles that make up white flour. The balance are intermediate particles of endosperm (otherwise known as product middling or farina) and coarse particles of bran and germ. The middling then makes multiple passes through the reduction rolls, and is again sieved after each pass to maximize extraction of white flour from the endosperm, while removing coarser bran and germ particles.
To produce whole wheat flour, 100% of the bran and germ must be reintroduced to the white flour that the roller milling system was originally designed to separate it from. Therefore, these elements are first ground on another mill (usually a pin mill). These finer bran and germ fractions are then reintroduced to the endosperm (white flour) to produce whole wheat flour made of 100% of the kernel of wheat.
Types[edit]
Wheat flour is available in many varieties; the categorization is regional, and the same name may have several different regional meanings.
Canada[edit]
Whole wheat flour in Canada may have up to 5% or the grain removed; most of the germ is often removed to prevent the flour from going rancid.[3]
Whole grain flour contains the whole grain, including bran, germ, and endosperm, but not the chaff
Fiji[edit]
Sharp flour is produced in Fiji and primarily used in Indian cuisine.
Indian wheat flours[edit]
Indian flours are generally categorized by how much of the grain is stripped away.
Wheat powder/flour – 'whole grain' (mixture of germ, endosperm and bran)
Atta flour – mixture of endosperm and bran
Maida flour – endosperm, bleached; a very white flour, similar to the American bleached flour
Sooji/rava – coarse-ground endosperm
Southeast Asia[edit]
Tang flour or wheat starch is a type of wheat flour used primarily in Chinese cuisine for making the outer layer of dumplings and buns. It is also used in Vietnamese cuisine, where it is called bột lọc trong.
United States[edit]
American flours are categorized by gluten/protein content, processing, and use.
All-purpose or plain flour is a blended wheat with a protein content lower than bread flour, ranging between 9% and 12%. Depending on brand or the region where it is purchased, it may be composed of all hard or soft wheats, but is usually a blend of the two, and can range from low protein content to moderately high. It is marketed as an inexpensive alternative to bakers' flour which is acceptable for most household baking needs.[1]
Bread flour or strong flour is always made from hard wheat, usually hard spring wheat. It has a very high protein content, between 10% and 13%, making it excellent for yeast bread baking. It can be white or whole wheat or in between.[1]
Cake flour is a finely milled white flour made from soft wheat. It has very low protein content, between 8% and 10%, making it suitable for soft-textured cakes and cookies. The higher protein content of other flours would make the cakes tough. American cake flour is bleached; in countries where bleached flour is prohibited, plain flour can be treated in a domestic microwave to improve the texture of the end product.[4] Related to cake flour are masa harina (from maize), maida flour (from wheat or tapioca), and pure starches.[1]
Durum flour is made from Durum wheat and is suited for pasta making, traditional pizza and flatbread for doner kebab.
Graham flour is a special type of whole wheat flour. The endosperm is finely ground, as in white flour, while the bran and germ are coarsely ground. Graham flour is uncommon outside of the United States (but see atta flour, a similar product, below). Graham flour is the basis of true graham crackers.
Instant flour is pregelatinized (precooked) for easier incorporation in gravies and sauces.
Pastry flour or cookie flour or cracker flour has slightly higher protein content than cake flour but lower than all-purpose flour. Its protein content ranges between 9% and 10%. It is available as a white flour, a whole-wheat flour, or a white flour with the germ retained but not the bran. It is suitable for pie pastry and tarts, some cookies, muffins, biscuits and other quick breads. Flour is shaken through a sieve to reduce the amount of lumps for cooking pastry.[1]
Whole-wheat flour contains the wheat germ, endosperm and bran
White flour or refined flour contains only the endosperm
Enriched flour is white flour with nutrients added to compensate for the removal of the bran and germ
Bleached flour is a white flour treated with flour bleaching agents to whiten it (freshly milled flour is yellowish) and give it more gluten-producing potential. Oxidizing agents are usually employed, most commonly organic peroxides like acetone peroxide or benzoyl peroxide, nitrogen dioxide, or chlorine. A similar effect can be achieved by letting the flour oxidize with oxygen in the air ("natural aging") for approximately 10 days; however, this process is more expensive due to the time required. Flour bleached with benzoyl peroxide has been prohibited in the UK since 1997.[5]
Bromated flour has a maturing agent added. The agent's role is to help with developing gluten, a role similar to the flour bleaching agents. Bromate is usually used. Other choices are phosphates, ascorbic acid, and malted barley. Bromated flour has been banned in much of the world, as bromate is classified as possibly carcinogenic in humans (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),[6] but remains available in the United States.
Self-rising or self-raising flour is white flour that is sold premixed with chemical leavening agents. It was invented by Henry Jones.[citation needed] Self-rising flour is typically composed of the following ratio:
1 cup (100 g) flour
1 1⁄2 teaspoons (3 g) baking powder
a pinch to 1⁄2 teaspoon (1 g or less) salt
Other[edit]
Spelt flour is flour produced from the type of wheat called spelt. It is less commonly used in modern cooking than other wheat varieties. It is still used for specialty baking.
Flour strength – W index[edit]
A device called Alveograph Chopin invented in 1921 by Marcel Chopin, provides an index called W that is now commonly used by professional bakers. W index measures the flour strength. The maximum of the curve, identified by P, represents the toughness of gluten, while L represents the extensibility, the higher the value of L the more elastic the dough will be.
Flours between 90 and 160 W are called "weak flours". They have a low protein content, usually 9%, used to produce biscuits or cakes.
Flours between 160 and 250 W have a medium force. They are used, for example, for Pugliese bread, pizza and focaccia.
Flours > 300 W Flours with a high W are called "strong flours" because they have a great resistance to the deformation of gluten.
In general, the longer rising time a bread product requires, the more a flour will need a high W, because it better retains the carbon dioxide produced in the fermentation.[7]
National Flour in the United Kingdom[edit]
During World War II, the British government promoted "National Flour"; it was adopted in 1942 both for health reasons and those concerned about the import of wheat into the UK and losses during the war.[8] The flour is described as being of 85% extraction, i.e. containing more of the whole wheat grain than refined flour, generally described as 70% extraction at the time. Parliamentary questions on the exact constitution of National Flour in 1943 reveal that it was "milled from a grist consisting of 90 per cent. wheat and 10 per cent. diluent grains. Authorised additions are calcium at the rate of 7 oz (200 g) per 280 lb (130 kg) of flour and dried milk at the rate of 2 lb (910 g) per 280 lb (130 kg) of flour and customary improvers in normal proportions." The diluent grains were barley, oats and rye and customary improvers were "certain oxidising agents which improve the quality of the bread baked from the flour, and their nature depends on the kind of grain used, whether hard or soft.".[9] A survey of the composition of National Flour was conducted for the period 1946–1950[10] National Flour was discontinued in 1956 against the recommendations of the MRC[8] as the government considered that the addition of nutritional supplements to refined flour removed the necessity for using National Flour on health grounds.
Flour production[edit]
Kenya[edit]
National Flour was also a term for a flour introduced in Kenya by the colonial government which contained 70% wheat flour and 30% maize flour.[11]
See also[edit]
Flour
Grist mill
Enriched flour
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Chu, Michael (2004-10-20). "Wheat Flour". Cooking for Engineers. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
Jump up ^ Bass, E.J. (1988). Y. Pomeranz, ed. Wheat Chemistry and Technology Vol. II Chapter 1: Wheat flour milling. American Association of Cereal Chemists. pp. 1–69. ISBN 0-913250-73-2.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "Kate Flour". A Merrier World. 2008. Retrieved 2011-09-12.
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions - Is flour still bleached?". Flour Advisory Board. Retrieved 2011-09-12.
Jump up ^ IARC--Summaries & Evaluations: Potassium Bromate (Group 2B), International Agency for Research on Cancer
Jump up ^ more information on "Flours for Pizza and Focaccia, the flour strength" http://www.smartitalianrecipes.com/italian-ingredients/flours-for-pizza-and-focaccia-flour-strength/
^ Jump up to: a b Leading article "The End of National Flour", BMJ 1956;1:1347. Available online at http://www.bmj.com/content/1/4979/1347
Jump up ^ HANSARD 1803–2005,27 October 1943, Commons Sitting → FOOD SUPPLIES. Available online at http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1943/oct/27/national-flour
Jump up ^ J. R. Fraser, National flour survey 1946–1950, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Volume 2, Issue 5, pages 193–198, May 1951. Available online at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsfa.2740020502/abstract#
Jump up ^ Madatally Manji, "Memoirs of a biscuit baron", East African Publishers, 1995. 174 pages. See pages 49-51. Accessible through Google Books at https://books.google.com/books?id=_D_dZZHkWGcC
[hide]
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Agronomy
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list
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Stalk
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coeliac disease
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dermatitis herpetiformis
ataxia
Related concepts
Bread riot
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Staple food
Wheatpaste
Whole grain
Shattering
Tell Abu Hureyra
Tell Aswad
Category
Authority control
NDL: 00566535
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The road to hell is paved with good intentions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the proverb/aphorism. For the 2009 song by In Fear and Faith, see The Road to Hell Is Paved with Good Intentions (song).
The road to hell is paved with good intentions is a proverb or aphorism. An alternative form is "Hell is full of good meanings, but heaven is full of good works".[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin
2 Meaning
3 Studies
4 Artistic references
5 See also
6 References
Origin[edit]
The saying is thought to have originated with Saint Bernard of Clairvaux who wrote (c. 1150), "L'enfer est plein de bonnes volontés ou désirs" (hell is full of good wishes or desires).[2] An earlier saying occurs in Virgil's Aeneid: "facilis descensus Averno (the descent to hell is easy)".[3]
Meaning[edit]
A common interpretation of the saying is that wrongdoings or evil actions are often masked by good intentions; or even that good intentions, when acted upon, may have unintended consequences.[4]
Another meaning of the phrase is that individuals may have the intention to undertake good actions but nevertheless fail to take action.[5][6] This inaction may be due to procrastination, laziness or other subversive vice.[7] As such, the saying is an admonishment that a good intention is meaningless unless followed through.[8]
Moral certainty can be used to justify the harm done by failing policies and actions. Those with good intentions believe their practices are good for the group; it is self-evident to them. They justify collateral damage in the belief they do a greater good.
On a personal level, taking a subjectively "good action" can land one in a horrific emotional and/or physical state of being. E.g. A soldier goes off to war to fight for the subjective good of his or her country and ends up with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Studies[edit]
Psychological studies of the effect of intention upon task completion by professors Peter Gollwitzer, Paschal Sheeran and Sheina Orbell indicate that there is some truth in the proverb.[9] Perfectionists are especially prone to having their intentions backfire in this way.[10] Some[11] have argued that people are more likely to interpret their own actions as more well intended than the actions of others.
Attempts to improve the ethical behaviour of groups are often counter-productive. If legislation is used for such an attempt, people observe the letter of the law rather than improve the desired behaviour. During negotiation, groups that are encouraged to understand the point of view of the other parties are worse at this than those whose perspective is not enlightened.[citation needed] The threat of punishment may make behavior less rather than more ethical.[12] Studies of business ethics indicate that most wrongdoing is not due directly to wickedness but is performed by people who did not plan to err.[13]
Stephen Garrard Post, writing about altruism, suggests that good intentions are often not what they seem and that mankind normally acts from less worthy, selfish motives—"If the road to hell is paved with good intentions, it is partly because that is the road they generally start out on."[14]
Artistic references[edit]
Authors who have used the phrase include Charlotte Brontë, Lord Byron, Samuel Johnson,[15] Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Sir Walter Scott,[16] Søren Kierkegaard,[17] and Karl Marx.[18] Ozzy Osbourne used the term in the song "Tonight" on his album Diary of a Madman.
In the movie Highway to Hell, the phrase is taken literally to create one particular scene. The Good Intentions Paving Company has a team of Andy Warhols who grind good-intentioned souls into pavement. "I was only sleeping with my husband's boss to advance his career", says one.[19] The figurative meaning of the phrase is a big part of the plot too, as several characters offer help to the two protagonists on the Road to Hell, but all of them have ulterior motives.
Pink used the phrase in her 2006 song Dear Mr. President to refer to the No Child Left Behind Act.
Madonna uses this line in her 2008 single "4 Minutes," featuring Justin Timberlake and Timbaland, off her eleventh studio album Hard Candy. She mentions it in one of her verses, singing "The road to hell is paved with good intentions, yeah."[20]
See also[edit]
Do-gooder
Murphy's law
Unintended consequences
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "the road to Hell is paved with good intentions", Proverbs, Infobase Publishing, 2007, p. 234, ISBN 9780816066735
Jump up ^ Ammer, Christine (1997), The American Heritage dictionary of idioms, ISBN 9780395727744
Jump up ^ Mawr, Mrs E. B. (1885), "Hell is paved with good intentions", Analogous Proverbs In Ten Languages, Elliot Stock
Jump up ^ Kalman, Izzy (August 16, 2010), "Principle Number One: The Road to Hell is Paved with Good Intentions", Psychology Today, Resilience to Bullying
Jump up ^ The road to hell is paved with good intentions. The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Third ed.). Dictionary.com/Houghton Mifflin Company. 2005. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ The road to hell is paved with good intentions. Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus (Third ed.). Dictionary.cambridge.org/Cambridge University Press. 2008. Retrieved March 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ Collis, Harry; Risso, Mario (1992), "The Road to Hell is Paved with Good Intentions", 101 American English proverbs: understanding language and culture through commonly used sayings, Lincolnwood, Ill: Passport Books, ISBN 9780844254128
Jump up ^ Bowden, Charles L., editor; Burstein, Alvin George, editor (1983). Psychosocial Basis of Health Care. Williams & Wilkins. p. 98. ISBN 0-683-00993-1. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Gollwitzer, Peter; Sheeran, Paschal (2006-05-30), "Implementation intentions and goal achievement", Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 38, ISBN 9780120152384
Jump up ^ Powers, T. A. (2005), "Implementation Intentions, Perfectionism, and Goal Progress: Perhaps the Road to Hell Is Paved With Good Intentions", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31 (7): 902–912, doi:10.1177/0146167204272311
Jump up ^ Kruger, Justin; Gilovich, Thomas (2004), "Actions, Intentions, and Self-Assessment: The Road to Self-Enhancement Is Paved with Good Intentions", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30 (3): 328–339, PMID 15030624, doi:10.1177/0146167203259932
Jump up ^ Messick, David (2006-07-11), "The Road to Hell", Ethics in groups, 8, pp. 273–274, ISBN 9780762313006
Jump up ^ Nash, Laura L. (1993), Good intentions aside: a manager's guide to resolving ethical problems, ISBN 9780875844299
Jump up ^ Post, Stephen Garrard (2002), Altruism & altruistic love, Oxford University Press, p. 203, ISBN 9780195143584
Jump up ^ "Hell is paved with good intentions." April 14, 1775 Boswell, James (1791). Life of Samuel Johnson. II.
Jump up ^ Pell, Robert Conger (1857), Milledulcia, p. 89
Jump up ^ Kierkegaard, Soren. (2013), Kierkegaard's Writings, XVI: Works of Love, Princeton University Press, p. 94, ISBN 9781400847013
Jump up ^ Marx, Karl. "Seven, Section 2". Das Kapital The Production of Surplus-Value — Der weg zur Hölle ist jedoch mit guten Absichten. One. Retrieved February 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ Muir, John Kenneth (2011), Horror Films of the 1990s, McFarland, p. 236, ISBN 9780786440122
Jump up ^ Madonna (Ft. Justin Timberlake & Timbaland) – 4 Minutes, retrieved 2017-07-20
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_road_to_hell_is_paved_with_good_intentions&oldid=799781627"
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text:
Solomon King
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For New Zealander, see Solomon King (rugby union).
Solomon King (August 13, 1931 – January 21, 2005)[1] was an American 1960s and 1970s popular music singer. He is best remembered for his 1968 British hit single, "She Wears My Ring", which charted in 40 countries
Biography[edit]
Born Allen V. Levy in Lexington, Kentucky,[1] as a teenager he attended the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music, and was offered a scholarship to study Cantatorial Music by Jan Peerce. He first started singing professionally in 1952. Under his first pseudonym, Randy Leeds, his records such as "I'm Gonna Live Til I Die" did not sell. King was the first white singer taken on tour by Billie Holiday, as well as working with Elvis Presley's backing group the Jordanaires, whom he used as his own backing group when recording his first version of "She Wears My Ring" in Nashville, Tennessee.
After marrying Canadian journalist Henny Lowy in 1960, King spent twenty years living in Bolton, England, where the couple had four children. King's chart success in the UK began with "She Wears My Ring", which was a top three hit there in 1968,[2] and was also a hit in 40 other countries,[3] but failed to reach the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. "She Wears My Ring", based on La Golondrina ("The Swallow)" by the Mexican composer Narciso Serradel Sevilla, was written by the Nashville husband and wife team Boudleaux and Felice Bryant. Also in 1968, "When We Were Young", written by songwriting duo Les Reed and Barry Mason was a #21 hit in the UK Singles Chart.[2] In 1972, he released the single "When You've Gotta Go", written by Lynsey de Paul and Ron Roker on the Polydor label and it made th Australian charts [4] became a U.K. radio hit.
At 6 ft 8 inches tall, some TV interviewers refused to have him on their shows unless he sat down.[5]
After his marriage, to Canadian journalist Henny Lowy ended in 1980 he moved back to the US, where he wed a further two times. King continued singing in clubs in the US.
King died in Norman, Oklahoma, of cancer, on January 21, 2005, at the age of 73.[1]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Thedeadrockstarsclub.com - accessed March 2011
^ Jump up to: a b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 302. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ "Solomon King Singer best known for 'She Wears My Ring'". The Independent. 2005-01-24. Retrieved 2009-10-08.
Jump up ^ http://www.45cat.com/record/2058258de
Jump up ^ "US singer Solomon King dies at 73". BBC News. 2005-01-21. Retrieved 2007-03-31.
External links[edit]
Solomon King on IMDb
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 48426535
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solomon_King&oldid=799102378"
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text:
Outlaw King
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Outlaw King
Directed by
David Mackenzie
Produced by
David Mackenzie
Gillian Berrie
Richard Brown
Steve Golin
Written by
David Mackenzie
Bathsheba Doran
James MacInnes
Mark Bomback
David Harrower
Starring
Chris Pine
Aaron Taylor-Johnson
Florence Pugh
Billy Howle
Tony Curran
Callan Mulvey
Stephen Dillane
Music by
Tony Doogan
Lucie Treacher
Cinematography
Barry Ackroyd
Edited by
Jake Roberts
Production
company
Sigma Films
Anonymous Content
Distributed by
Netflix
Release date
6 September 2018 (2018-09-06) (TIFF)
9 November 2018 (2018-11-09)
Country
United Kingdom
United States
Language
English
Budget
130 million
Outlaw King is a 2018 historical action drama film about Robert the Bruce. It was co-written, co-produced and directed by David Mackenzie.[1][2][3] It stars Chris Pine, Aaron Taylor-Johnson, Florence Pugh, Billy Howle, Tony Curran, Callan Mulvey and Stephen Dillane.
It had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2018. The film is scheduled to be released on November 9, 2018, by Netflix.
Contents
1 Premise
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Marketing
5 References
6 External links
Premise[edit]
An epic story about the renowned King of Scots, Robert the Bruce, and the war of liberation he waged against the English occupation of Scotland.[4]
Cast[edit]
Chris Pine as Robert the Bruce
Aaron Taylor-Johnson as James Douglas, Lord of Douglas[5]
Florence Pugh as Elizabeth de Burgh[6]
Billy Howle as Edward, Prince of Wales[7]
Tony Curran as Angus Macdonald[8][9]
Lorne MacFadyen as Neil Bruce
Alastair Mackenzie as Lord Atholl[10]
James Cosmo as Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale[11]
Callan Mulvey as John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch[12]
Stephen Dillane as Edward I of England
Steven Cree as Christopher Seton[13]
Sam Spruell as Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke
Rebecca Robin as Margaret of France
Production[edit]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography began on August 28, 2017 in Scotland on location near Linlithgow, West Lothian,[14][10] Filming took place in various locations around Scotland, including Linlithgow Palace and St Michael's Parish Church,[15] Borthwick Castle, Doune Castle, Craigmillar Castle,[11][16] Dunfermline Abbey,[17] Glasgow Cathedral,[18] Muiravonside Country Park, Mugdock Country Park,[19][20] Aviemore, Isle of Skye, Glen Coe, Loch Lomond,[21] Gargunnock, University of Glasgow,[22] Blackness Castle,[23] Seacliff Beach and also in the Northumbrian borders at Berwick-upon-Tweed.[24] Principal production concluded in November 2017.[25]
Release[edit]
It had its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 6, 2018.[26] Premiering at TIFF with a runtime of 137 minutes, the film was later trimmed by some twenty minutes in order to tighten the pacing, a source of contention in many critical reviews.[25] The film will have its European premiere at the London Film Festival in October 2018.[27] The film is scheduled to be released on November 9, 2018.[28]
Marketing[edit]
In September 2017, the first still of Chris Pine was released.[4] The first trailer was released by Netflix on August 20, 2018.[29]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (24 April 2017). "Netflix Lands Outlaw King". Deadline. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "First Look At Chris Pine In David Mackenzie's 'Outlaw King'". Playlist. 8 September 2017. Retrieved 9 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Netflix drama Outlaw King boosts film sector". BBC. 11 December 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Evans, Greg (8 September 2017). "First Look At Chris Pine In Netflix's 'Outlaw King'". Deadline. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jri, Mike (27 July 2017). "Aaron Taylor-Johnson Plays Scottish hero James Douglas". Deadline. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jri, Mike (7 August 2017). "Florence Pugh Nabs Lead in Netflix's 'Outlaw King'". Deadline. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
Jump up ^ N'Duka, Amanda (18 August 2017). "David Mackenzie's 'Outlaw King' Adds Billy Howle". Deadline. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tony Curran on Twitter". Twitter. 31 July 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Filming to hit Scotland for flick Outlaw King with Chris Pine as Robert the Bruce". The Scottish Sun. 25 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Alastair McKenzie seen filming Netflix film Outlaw King". Mail Online. 28 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "From Star Trek to Scotland! Chris Pine dons chain mail armour and rides on horseback as he films Netflix period drama Outlaw King with James Cosmo". Mail Online. 2 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Film News Roundup: Callan Mulvey Joins Chris Pine's Scottish Drama 'Outlaw King'". Variety. 7 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Steven Cree on Twitter". Twitter. 11 September 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Filming starts in Linlithgow on big-budget Netflix movie Outlaw King". Daily Record. 29 August 2017. Retrieved 30 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Palace reopens after being set for new Netflix production". Daily Record. 2 September 2017. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Outlaw King Filming Location Spotlight: Craigmillar Castle Edinburgh". Wayfaring Kiwi. 2018-10-23. Retrieved 2018-10-25.
Jump up ^ "Cameras arrive in Dunfermline for new Netflix film on Robert the Bruce". Dunfermline Press. 20 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Outlaw King film star Chris Pine spotted at Glasgow Cathedral". HeraldScotland. 3 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Outlaw King film crew build medieval village around Mugdock Castle". The Scotsman. 26 September 2017. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Chris Pine gives special salute to photographers during filming of new Robert the Bruce Netflix show". Daily Reocord. 27 October 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Actor in Chris Pine Scots blockbuster CLINGS to hot water bottle on set". 5 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Aitchison, Jack (18 November 2017). "Outlaw King films at Glasgow Uni as campus transforms into medieval banquet hall". dailyrecord. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Grant, Jackie (26 November 2017). "Outlaw King stars brave Scottish cold snap during filming of Robert the Bruce Netflix drama". dailyrecord. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Berwick transformed as Outlaw King filming begins". The Scotsman. 9 October 2017. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b D'Alessandro, Anthony (23 September 2018). "'Outlaw King' Filmmaker David Mackenzie Trims Netflix Epic By 20 Minutes Post Toronto Premiere".
Jump up ^ Erbland, Kate (14 August 2018). "TIFF Announces Chris Pine-Starring 'Outlaw King' Will Open Festival and Kristen Stewart's 'Jeremiah Terminator LeRoy' to Close". IndieWire. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "62nd BFI London Film Festival programme announced". BFI. 30 August 2018. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (30 July 2018). "Florence Pugh Lands Female Lead in 'Hereditary' Director Ari Aster's Next Film". Variety. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
Jump up ^ Earl, William (20 August 2018). "'Outlaw King' Trailer: Chris Pine and David Mackenzie Team Up for Epic Netflix Period Piece". IndieWire. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
Outlaw King on IMDb
Outlaw King at Rotten Tomatoes
Outlaw King at Metacritic
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Films directed by David Mackenzie
The Last Great Wilderness (2002)
Young Adam (2003)
Asylum (2005)
Hallam Foe (2007)
Spread (2009)
Perfect Sense (2011)
You Instead (2011)
Starred Up (2013)
Hell or High Water (2016)
Outlaw King (2018)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Outlaw_King&oldid=866225764"
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