text:
Rock-a-bye Baby
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For the film, see Rock-A-Bye Baby (film). For the children's musical group, see Rockabye Baby! For the mixtape by Cassie, see RockaByeBaby.
"Rock-a-bye Baby"
Nursery rhyme
Published
c. 1765
'Rock-a-bye Baby' is a nursery rhyme and lullaby. The melody is a variant of the English satirical ballad Lillibullero.[citation needed] It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 2768.
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Origins and development
3 Publication
4 Melody
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Lyrics[edit]
The first printed version from Mother Goose's Melody (London, c. 1765), has the following lyrics:
hush a by Baby
On the Tree Top,
When the Wind blows
The Cradle will rock
When the Bough breaks
The Cradle will fall,
Down tumbles Baby,
Cradle and all.
The version from Songs for the Nursery (London, 1805), contains the wording:
Rock-a-bye, baby, thy cradle is green,
Father's a nobleman, mother's a queen...
Alternate Lyrics as shown in The Real Mother Goose published in 1916:
Rock-a-bye, baby, thy cradle is green;
Father's a nobleman, mother's a queen;
And Aggy's a lady, and wears a gold ring;
And Johnny's a drummer, and drums for the king.
The most common version used today is:
Rock-a-bye baby, on the treetop,
When the wind blows, the cradle will rock,
When the bough breaks, the cradle will fall,
And down will come baby, cradle and all.
The full versions lyrics are:
Rock-a-bye, baby, in the tree top
When the wind blows the cradle will rock
When the bough breaks the cradle will fall
Down will come baby, cradle and all
Baby is drowsing, cosy and fair
Mother sits near in her rocking chair
Forward and back, the cradle she swings
Though baby sleeps, he hears what she sings
Rock-a-bye baby, do not you fear
Never mind, baby, mother is near
Wee little fingers, eyes are shut tight
Now sound asleep - until morning light
Origins and development[edit]
Various theories exist to explain the origins of the rhyme.
One theory suggests the rhyme narrates a mother gently rocking her baby to sleep, as if the baby were riding the treetops during a breeze; then, when the mother lowers the baby to her crib, the song says "down will come baby."
Another identifies the rhyme as the first poem written on American soil, suggesting it dates from the 17th century and that it may have been written by an English immigrant who observed the way native-American women rocked their babies in birch-bark cradles, which were suspended from the branches of trees, allowing the wind to rock the baby to sleep.[1][2] The words appeared in print in England c. 1765.
In Derbyshire, England, local legend has it that the song relates to a local character in the late 18th century, Betty Kenny (Kate Kenyon), who lived with her husband, Luke, and their eight children in a huge yew tree in Shining Cliff Woods in the Derwent Valley, where a hollowed-out bough served as a cradle.[3]
Yet another theory has it that the lyrics, like the tune "Lilliburlero" it is sung to, refer to events immediately preceding the Glorious Revolution. The baby is supposed to be the son of James VII and II, who was widely believed to be someone else's child smuggled into the birthing room in order to provide a Roman Catholic heir for James. The "wind" may be that Protestant "wind" or force "blowing" or coming from the Netherlands bringing James' nephew and son-in-law William of Orange, who would eventually depose King James II in the revolution (the same "Protestant Wind" that had saved England from the Spanish Armada a century earlier). The "cradle" is the royal House of Stuart.[4] The earliest recorded version of the words in print appeared with a footnote, "This may serve as a warning to the Proud and Ambitious, who climb so high that they generally fall at last",[5] which may be read as supporting a satirical meaning. It would help to substantiate the suggestion of a specific political application for the words however if they and the 'Lilliburlero' tune could be shown to have been always associated.
Yet another theory is that the song is based around a 17th century ritual that took place after a newborn baby had died. The mothers would hang the child from a basket on a branch in a tree and waited to see if they would come back to life. The line “ when the bough breaks the baby will fall” would suggest that the baby was dead weight so heavy enough to break the branch.
Another possibility is that the words began as a "dandling" rhyme - one used while a baby is being swung about and sometimes tossed and caught. An early dandling rhyme is quoted in The Oxford Nursery Rhyme Book which has some similarity:
Catch him, crow! Carry him, kite!
Take him away till the apples are ripe;
When they are ripe and ready to fall,
Here comes baby, apples and all, woop woop.[6]
Publication[edit]
The words first appeared in print in Mother Goose's Melody (London, c. 1765), possibly published by John Newbery (1713–1767), and which was reprinted in Boston in 1785.[2] Rock-a-bye as a phrase was first recorded in 1805 in Benjamin Tabart's Songs for the Nursery, (London, 1805).[2][7]
Melody[edit]
It is unclear though whether these early rhymes were sung to either of the now-familiar tunes. At some time, however, the Lilliburlero-based tune and the 1796 lyric, with the word "Hush-a-bye" replaced by "Rock-a-bye", must have come together and achieved a new popularity. A possible reference to this re-emergence is in an advertisement in The Times newspaper in 1887 for a performance in London by a minstrel group featuring a "new" American song called 'Rock-a-bye':
"Moore and Burgess Minstrels, St James's-hall TODAY at 3, TONIGHT at 8, when the following new and charming songs will be sung...The great American song of ROCK-A-BYE..."[8]
This minstrel song, whether substantially the same as the nursery rhymes quoted above or not, was clearly an instant hit: a later advertisement for the same company in the paper's October 13 edition promises that "The new and charming American ballad, called ROCK-A-BYE, which has achieved an extraordinary degree of popularity in all the cities of America will be SUNG at every performance."
If this is, in fact, the same song, then this implies that it was an American composition and already popular there. An article in the New York Times of August 1891 (p. 1) refers to the tune being played in a parade in Asbury Park, N.J.[9] and clearly by this date the song was well established in America. Newspapers of the period, however, credit its composition to two separate persons, both resident in Boston: one is Effie Canning (later referred to as Mrs. Effie D. Canning Carlton[10][11] and the other the composer Charles Dupee Blake.[12]
See also[edit]
Children's literature portal
Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody
Eugene Field, Rock-a-Bye Lady
Rockabye (song) A song based off the lullaby from Clean Bandit, Sean Paul & Anne-Marie
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Book Lover, 1904: quoted in I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, (O.U.P., 1951).
^ Jump up to: a b c H. Carpenter and M. Prichard, The Oxford Companion to Children's Literature (Oxford University Press, 1984), pp. 326.
Jump up ^ "Ambergate Walk leaflet" (PDF). Ambervalley.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-28.
Jump up ^ http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3724/is_199811/ai_n8808905
Jump up ^ I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, (O.U.P., 1951), p. 61.
Jump up ^ I Opie, and P. Opie, The Oxford Nursery Rhyme Book (O.U.P., 1955) p. 10.
Jump up ^ Morag Styles, From the garden to the street: an introduction to 300 years of poetry for children (Cassell, 1998),p. 105.
Jump up ^ The Times, Monday, Sep 19, 1887; pg. 1; Issue 32181
Jump up ^ New York Times, August 4, 1891 (p. 1) refers to the tune being played at a Baby Parade at Asbury Park, N.J.: "The line of march formed at the Asbury Avenue Pavilion, and, headed by the full band of the United States steamship Trenton playing "Rock-a-Bye Baby," proceeded up the promenade and countermarched, returning in files of four."
Jump up ^ new York Times, Sunday January 7, 1940, Section: Obituaries, Page 51: "MRS. CARLTON DIES; COMPOSED LULLABY; Wrote 'Rock-a-Bye Baby' at Age of 15--Succumbs in Boston Hospital at 67 WAS ACTRESS 30 YEARS Played Opposite Gillette in 'Private Secretary' and in Own Repertory Group..."
Jump up ^ “The composer of the popular song, “Rock-a-Bye Baby”, which beautifully adapts and incorporates the old and familiar lullaby, is Miss Effie L. Canning, a young girl who was born and formerly lived in Rockland, Me. She is now a resident of Boston. Her success at either verse or music had not been especially great until, by a sort of sudden inspiration, she one day produced the now celebrated lullaby whose popularity, it is a pleasure to state, in the face of so many unlike instances, has been a source of much profit to the composer. Miss Canning is a tall, slender girl, with big brown eyes, full of the sympathy that finds its best expression in art.” New York Times, Wednesday September 10, 1893, Page 11).
Jump up ^ “Charles Dupee Blake, aged fifty-seven, widely known as a composer of popular music...died yesterday at his home in Brookline (Boston)...Mr. Blake composed more than 5,000 songs and pieces of music. Probably his best known work is Rock-a-Bye Baby.” New York Times, Wednesday November 25, 1903, p. 9.
External links[edit]
musipedia
[hide]
v
t
e
Nursery rhymes (list)
"A-Tisket, A-Tasket"
"Baa, Baa, Black Sheep"
"Did You Ever See a Lassie?"
"Happy Birthday to You"
"Hey Diddle Diddle"
"Hickory Dickory Dock"
"Hot Cross Buns"
"Humpty Dumpty"
"I'm a Little Teapot"
"It's Raining, It's Pouring"
"Jack and Jill"
"Little Bo Peep"
"Little Boy Blue"
"Little Jack Horner"
"Little Miss Muffet"
"Mary Had a Little Lamb"
"Mary, Mary, Quite Contrary"
"Old King Cole"
"Old MacDonald Had a Farm"
"Old Mother Hubbard"
"Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe"
"Peter Piper"
"Polly Put the Kettle On"
"Poor Mary"
"Pop Goes the Weasel"
"Pussy Cat Pussy Cat"
"Rain Rain Go Away"
"Roses Are Red"
"Rub-a-dub-dub"
"Simple Simon"
"Sticks and Stones"
"The Grand Old Duke of York"
"The Queen of Hearts"
"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star"
Clapping
"A Sailor Went to Sea"
"Down Down Baby"
"Mary Mack"
"Miss Susie"
"Miss Lucy"
"Pat-a-cake"
"Pretty Little Dutch Girl"
"Pease Porridge Hot"
Counting
"Duck, duck, goose"
"Eeny, meeny, miny, moe"
"One, Two, Buckle My Shoe"
"One, Two, Three, Four, Five"
"This Old Man"
"Tinker, Tailor"
Finger-
plays
"Five Little Monkeys"
"Five Little Ducks"
"Five Little Speckled Frogs"
"Itsy Bitsy Spider"
"Little Robin Redbreast"
"Round and Round the Garden"
"This Little Piggy"
"Two Little Dickie Birds"
Games
"London Bridge"
"The Muffin Man"
"Mulberry Bush"
"Oranges and Lemons"
"Ring a Ring o' Roses"
"The Farmer in the Dell"
Riddle
"As I was going to St Ives"
Lullabies
"Hush, Little Baby"
"Rock-a-bye Baby"
Rounds
"Ding Dong Bell"
"Frère Jacques"
"Kookaburra"
"Row, Row, Row Your Boat"
"Scotland's Burning"
"Three Blind Mice"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rock-a-bye_Baby&oldid=830321659"
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English nursery rhymes
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text:
Gotta Be You (One Direction song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Gotta Be You"
Single by One Direction
from the album Up All Night
B-side
"Another World"
Released
11 November 2011 (2011-11-11)
Format
CD
digital download
Recorded
2011
Genre
Pop rock
baroque pop
Length
4:01
Label
Syco
Songwriter(s)
August Rigo
Steve Mac
Producer(s)
Steve Mac
One Direction singles chronology
"What Makes You Beautiful"
(2011) "Gotta Be You"
(2011) "One Thing"
(2012)
"What Makes You Beautiful"
(2011) "Gotta Be You"
(2011) "One Thing"
(2012)
Music video
"Gotta Be You" on YouTube
"Gotta Be You" is a song by English-Irish boy band One Direction from their debut studio album, Up All Night (2011). Written by August Rigo and the song's producer, Steve Mac, it was released in the United Kingdom by Syco Music in November 2011, as the album's second single. The track is a mid-tempo pop rock ballad incorporating an orchestral arrangement. The lyrical content is characterised by love sentiments.
The single debuted and peaked at number three in both the United Kingdom and Ireland, marking the group's second top ten appearance in both countries. Upon the United States release of Up All Night, "Gotta Be You" peaked at number 24 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. Directed by John Urbano, the accompanying music video depicts the group spending time on the banks of Lake Placid, New York. One Direction performed the ballad on televised programmes and during their Up All Night Tour (2011–12).
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and release
2 Composition and lyrics
3 Critical reception
4 Commercial performance
5 Music video
6 Live performances
7 Chart performance
8 Release history
9 References
10 External links
Background and release[edit]
After being formed and finishing third in the seventh series of The X Factor in 2010,[1] One Direction were signed to Syco Music.[2] The number was written by August Rigo and Steve Mac, and was produced by Mac.[3] One Direction premiered the single on BBC Radio 1 on 19 October 2011, with confirmation that it would serve as the second cut from Up All Night, following their debut single, "What Makes You Beautiful", which topped the UK Singles Chart in September of that year.[4] Member Zayn Malik, in an October interview with Digital Spy, characterised "Gotta Be You" as "a bit more emotive" than their debut single.[5] It was released by Syco Music via digital download in Ireland and United Kingdom on 11 November 2011 and 13 November, respectively.[6][7][8] In both countries, the digital download contains the principal recording, its B-side, "Another World", and two remixes of the song itself.[6][7]
Composition and lyrics[edit]
"Gotta Be You" is a mid-tempo pop rock ballad.[9][10] According to the digital sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing, One Direction's vocal range in the song span from the note of Eb4 to Eb6.[11] Written in the key of Ab major, the song is set in common time at a moderate tempo of 85 beats per minute.[11] Set in an orchestral arrangement, its instrumentation includes a guitar, piano lines, and abundant strings.[9][10][11] The chorus of the song opens with falsettos that are followed by vocal harmonies.[9] The lyrical content is characterised by love notions and prominently revolves around its main declaration, "It's gotta be you, only you".[5][9][12]
Critical reception[edit]
Both USA Today writer Brian Mansfield, who appreciated the lyrical content, and PopMatters contributor Zachary Houle, who favoured the instrumentation, described "Gotta Be You" as one of Up All Night's highlights.[10][12] Billboard reviewer Jason Lipshutz commended the vocal elements at play in its refrain and the track's "smooth" lyricism.[9] Robert Copsey for Digital Spy opined that the single's memorable refrain is its strongest attribute and rated it four out of five stars.[5] Matthew Horton of Virgin Media classified the song as one of the record's "superior tracks", and credited the ballad with keeping the album's "pecker up".[13] Cosmopolitan's Sarah Kwong lauded the lyrics and instrumentation of "Gotta Be You" and noted its appeal to a more mature audience in comparison to their debut single "What Makes You Beautiful".[14] Writing for Allmusic, Matthew Chisling, however, described the ballad as "a bit tepid."[15]
Commercial performance[edit]
"Gotta Be You" debuted and peaked at number three on the Irish Singles Chart on the chart dated 17 November 2011, marking the group's second top five appearance in Ireland.[16][17] In the United Kingdom, the piece sold substantially less than their first single "What Makes You Beautiful", selling 59,461 copies in its first week.[8] Despite the single reaching number one on the mid-week chart update, it entered the UK Singles Chart dated 20 November 2011 at number three behind the seventh week sales of Rihanna's "We Found Love" and the release of "Good Feeling" by Flo Rida.[8] The song marks their second top ten hit and was One Direction's third best-selling track in the UK by August 2012.[8][18] Upon the release of Up All Night in the United States, "Gotta Be You" did not enter the US Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 24 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart in the week of 28 April 2012.[19]
Music video[edit]
The single's accompanying music video was predominantly shot in Lake Placid, New York.
The single's accompanying music video was directed by John Urbano, who had previously directed the band's music video for "What Makes You Beautiful".[20][21] While predominantly filmed in Lake Placid, New York, in October 2011, the clip's opening sequences were shot at the State University of New York at Plattsburgh.[4] In October, the group told Digital Spy that they feared a crocodile attack when shooting the video. They also told Capital FM correspondent Kevin Hughes that the clip would be a significant transition from their previous music video; Malik described it as poignant and Louis Tomlinson reflected, "The first one was all about having a very fun song, but this song is a bit different."[4]
The music video premiered on 8 November 2011 on YouTube, and predominantly depicts the group spending time on the banks of Lake Placid.[22] As of February 2016, the music video has garnered more than 180 million Vevo views.[23] In the music video, the five-some end up meeting with girls in a camping spot in a forest. As the music ends, the group watch fireworks as Malik walks towards his significant other and kisses her. The clip attracted positive commentary from fans of the group.[22]
Live performances[edit]
One Direction performed the single for the first time on The X Factor UK on 13 November 2011, to open the BBC's Children in Need 2011 telethon on 19 November 2011,[24] and at Capital FM's Jingle Bell Ball on 4 December 2011, at the O2 Arena.[25] One Direction also performed the track during their first headlining concert tour, Up All Night Tour.[26] "Gotta Be You" was performed as the sixth song on the set list, in the second segment of the show's synopsis.[27] They also performed this song at Madison Square Garden on 3 December 2012.
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (2011–12)
Peak
position
Ireland (IRMA)[16]
3
Italy (FIMI)[28]
98
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[29]
2
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[30]
3
US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)[31]
24
Release history[edit]
Country
Release date
Format
Label
Ireland[6]
11 November 2011 Digital download Syco Music
United Kingdom[7]
13 November 2011
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sperling, Daniel (12 December 2010). "One Direction finish 3rd in 'X Factor' final". Digital Spy (Hearst Corporation). Retrieved 4 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Lee, Cara (15 December 2010). "Father Xmas Si's three special gifts". The Sun. News International. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Up All Night (booklet). One Direction. London, United Kingdom: Syco Music, a division of Sony Music Entertainment. 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "One Direction Unveil Second Single 'Gotta Be You'". MTV News. Viacom. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Copsey, Robert (13 November 2011). "One Direction: 'Gotta Be You' - Single review". Digital Spy. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Gotta Be You - EP by One Direction". iTunes Store (Apple Inc.). Retrieved 4 April 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Gotta Be You - EP by One Direction". iTunes Store (Apple Inc.). Retrieved 4 April 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Jones, Alan (21 November 2011). "UK Singles Chart Analysis: Rihanna equals Adele record". Music Week. Intent Media. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lipshutz, Jason (21 March 2012). "One Direction, 'Up All Night': Track-By-Track Review". Billboard. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Houle, Zachary (16 March 2012). "One Direction: Up All Night". PopMatters. Buzz Media. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "One Direction – Gotta Be You Sheet Music". Musicnotes.com (EMI Music Publishing). Retrieved 3 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Mansfield, Brian (13 March 2012). "Listen Up: Stay 'Up All Night' with One Direction". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Horton, Matthew (21 November 2011). "Album Review: One Direction – Up All Night". Virgin Media (Virgin Media Inc.). Retrieved 28 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Kwong, Sarah (10 November 2011). "Cosmo reviews: One Direction, Gotta Be You". Cosmopolitan. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Chisling, Matthew (21 November 2011). "Up All Night – One Direction". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chart Track: Week 46, 2011". Irish Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Discography One Direction". irish-charts.com. Hung Medien. Retrieved 3 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Lane, Dan (2 August 2012). "One Direction sell 12 million singles, albums and DVD and Blu-rays worldwide". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Bubbling Under Hot 100 – Issue Date: 2012-04-28". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Gotta Be You | One Direction". MTV Music. Viacom. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
Jump up ^ Corner, Lewis (19 August 2011). "One Direction unveil 'What Makes You Beautiful' video". Digital Spy. Hearst Corporation. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "One Direction fans hail "genius" new video for 'Gotta Be You'". Capital FM (Global Radio). 8 November 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "One Direction – Gotta Be You". One Direction/Vevo. Retrieved 20 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Record £26m for Children in Need". BBC News. 19 November 2011. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "One Direction reduce fans to tears during set at Jingle Bell Ball 2011". Capital FM (Global Radio). 4 December 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "One Direction Launch Up All Night UK Tour In Wolverhampton". Capital FM. Global Radio. 22 December 2012. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
Jump up ^ Futterman, Erica (27 May 2012). "One Direction Make a Play For Longevity on First American Headlining Tour". Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tutti i successi del 2012" (in Italian). Hit Parade Italia. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "One Direction Chart History (Bubbling Under Hot 100)". Billboard.
External links[edit]
Book: Up All Night
Official music video on YouTube
[show]
v
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Big Apple
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Big Apple (disambiguation).
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"Big Apple Corner" at 54th Street and Broadway, in Manhattan's Theater District
"Big Apple" is a nickname for New York City. It was first popularized in the 1920s by John J. Fitz Gerald, a sports writer for the New York Morning Telegraph. Its popularity since the 1970s is due in part to a promotional campaign by the New York tourist authorities.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin of the name
2 Racing context
3 Popularity
4 In popular culture
5 References
6 External links
Origin of the name[edit]
Although the history of Big Apple was once thought a mystery,[1] a clearer picture of the term's history has emerged due to the work of amateur etymologist Barry Popik,[2] and Gerald Cohen of Missouri University of Science and Technology.[3] A number of false theories had previously existed,[4] including a claim that the term derived from a woman named Eve who ran a brothel in the city.[5] This was subsequently exposed as a hoax.[6][7]
The earliest known usage of 'big apple' appears in the book The Wayfarer in New York (1909), in which author Edward S. Martin writes:
Kansas is apt to see in New York a greedy city.... It inclines to think that the big apple gets a disproportionate share of the national sap.[8][9]
William Safire considered this the coinage, but the Random House Dictionary of American Slang has described the usage as "metaphorical or perhaps proverbial, rather than a concrete example of the later slang term".[citation needed]
Racing context[edit]
This section relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Big Apple was popularized as a name for New York City by John J. Fitz Gerald in a number of horse-racing articles for the New York Morning Telegraph in the 1920s. The earliest of these was a casual reference on 3rd May, 1921:
J. P. Smith, with Tippity Witchet and others of the L. T. Bauer string, is scheduled to start for "the big apple" to-morrow after a most prosperous Spring campaign at Bowie and Havre de Grace.[10]
Fitz Gerald referred to the "big apple" frequently thereafter.[11] He explained his use in a column dated February 18, 1924, under the headline "Around the Big Apple":
The Big Apple. The dream of every lad that ever threw a leg over a thoroughbred and the goal of all horsemen. There's only one Big Apple. That's New York.[12]
Fitz Gerald's reference to "dusky" stable hands suggests the term's origin may lie in African-American culture. Evidence for this may be found in the Chicago Defender, an African-American newspaper that had a national circulation. Writing for the Defender on September 16, 1922, “Ragtime” Billy Tucker used the name "big apple" to refer to New York in a non-horse-racing context:
I trust your trip to 'the big apple' (New York) was a huge success and only wish that I had been able to make it with you.[13]
Tucker had also earlier used "big apple" as a reference to Los Angeles. It is possible that he simply understood "big apple" as a nickname for any large city:
Dear Pal, Tony: No, Ragtime Billy Tucker hasn't dropped completely out of existence, but is still in the 'Big Apple', Los Angeles.[13]
Popularity[edit]
The New York Mets Home Run Apple located in Citi Field.
By the late 1920s, New York writers other than Fitz Gerald were starting to use "Big Apple" and were using it in contexts other than horse-racing.[14] "The Big Apple" was a popular song[15] and dance[16][17] in the 1930s. Walter Winchell and other writers continued to use the term in the 1940s and 1950s,[18] but by the 1960s it had generally come to be known as an old name for New York.[19]
In the early 1970s, however, the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau (now NYC & Company, New York City's official marketing and tourism organization) began to promote the city's "Big Apple" nickname[20] under the leadership of its president, Charles Gillett.[21] It has remained popular since then.[22]
Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani in 1997 signed legislation designating as "Big Apple Corner" the southwest corner of West 54th Street and Broadway, the corner on which John J. Fitz Gerald lived from 1934 to 1963.[23] As part of the celebrations following as his election as President of the United States in 2016, Donald Trump hosted a party which he named 'The Big Apple Ball' and which featured themed decorations and cut-outs of New York landmarks in honor of his home city.[24]
Today the name enjoys exclusive ubiquity in literature and speech referring to New York City, and is used with regularity by journalists and news-headline writers across the English-speaking world.[25][26][27][28]
In popular culture[edit]
The term "big apple" was used by Frank Sinatra in conversation with opera singer Dorothy Kirsten on an episode of the NBC radio program Light Up Time on March 28, 1950.[citation needed][29]
In Evita, Buenos Aires is referred to as "B.A., Buenos Aires, Big Apple" in the song Eva, Beware of the City. This line, produced by lyricist Tim Rice, does not appear to reflect any pre-existing usage.
The New York Mets baseball team[30] have featured a "Home Run Apple" that rises whenever a Mets player hits a home run. It has become a symbol of the Mets baseball team, recognized throughout Major League Baseball[31] as an iconic feature of the Mets' stadiums. It first appeared in Shea Stadium, and the original can still be seen on display at Citi Field, outside the Jackie Robinson Rotunda. Citi Field now uses a new apple, one that is much larger than original.[32]
Uses of the term abound elsewhere in the names of cultural products and events in or concerning New York, including the Big Apple Anime Fest, the Big Apple Theater Festival, Jess Teong's The Kid from the Big Apple and Kajagoogoo's Big Apple, and playful uses of the nickname have been seen, such as Patrick Downey's 2008 historical study of New York City's criminal underworld, entitled Bad Seeds in the Big Apple.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Why is New York called the Big Apple?, The Straight Dope February 18, 1977
Jump up ^ The Big Apple. Research by Barry Popik and others with the text of contemporary examples.
Jump up ^ Gerald Cohen, Origin of New York City's Nickname "The Big Apple" (1991), ISBN 3-631-43787-0
Jump up ^ False Etymologies
Jump up ^ Why Is New York City Called "The Big Apple"? Wayback Machine archive of earlier version of web page.
Jump up ^ Big Apple Whore Hoax (1800s!)
Jump up ^ Salwen, Peter. "Why Is New York City Called "The Big Apple"?".
Jump up ^ Safire, William (September 17, 2000), "Big Applesource", The New York Times Magazine
Jump up ^ Safire, William (2004), The Right Word in the Right Place at the Right Time, p. p. 23
Jump up ^ First “Big Apple”: May 3, 1921.
Jump up ^ Numerous 1920s “Big Apple” citations in the New York Morning Telegraph.
Jump up ^ First “Big Apple” explanation: February 18, 1924. See also the original article image.
^ Jump up to: a b "Big Apple" antedating Archived February 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.; 1920s Vaudeville/Ragtime “Big Apple” Citations.
Jump up ^ 1920s Non-Horseracing “Big Apple” Citations.
Jump up ^ “Big Apple” song by Bob Emmerich.
Jump up ^ “Big Apple” in the 1930s (Two clubs, plus song and dance).
Jump up ^ The dance was mentioned by name by Mickey Rooney in the 1938 movie "Love Finds Andy Hardy"
Jump up ^ “Big Apple” in the 1940s-1950s
Jump up ^ Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse-Five 265 (1969; Delta Trade Paperbacks ed. 1999) ("That's what they used to call New York").
Jump up ^ About NYC and Company.
Jump up ^ Big Apple 1970s Revival: Charlie Gillett and Lew Rudin.
Jump up ^ "Words and Their Stories: Nicknames for New York City". Voice of America. February 23, 2010. Archived from the original on April 13, 2010. Retrieved March 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Mayor's Press Office, Release No. 082-97, Mayor Giuliani Signs Legislation Creating "Big Apple Corner" in Manhattan (Feb. 12, 1997).
Jump up ^ "Donald Trump to hold an NYC-themed inauguration party dubbed the 'Big Apple Ball'". www.nydailynews.com. New York Daily News. January 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Malcolm Turnbull's big day out in the Big Apple ahead of Donald Trump meeting". www.smh.com.au. The Sydney Morning Herald. May 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Big Apple picnics: Enjoy New York like a local". www.usatoday.com. USA Today. April 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Taking a bite out of the Big Apple". www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk. Manchester Evening News. May 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Big Apple benefits from falling overseas interest in London commercial real estate". www.scmp.com. South China Morning Post. August 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "big apple and frank sinatra - Google Scholar". scholar.google.com. Retrieved March 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official New York Mets Site".
Jump up ^ "Official Major League Baseball Site".
Jump up ^ "A new Home Run Apple grows at Citi Field". NY Daily News. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
External links[edit]
Look up Big Apple in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Giuliani creates Big Apple Corner from the February 1997 Archives of the Mayor's Press Office
The Big Apple Research on the term's history from amateur etymologist Barry Popik
Straight Dope article
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_Apple&oldid=844766657"
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text:
Christel Khalil
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Christel Khalil
Born
Christel Adnana Mina Khalil
(1987-11-30) November 30, 1987 (age 30)
Los Angeles, California
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1993 – present
Known for
The Young and the Restless as Lily Winters (2002–present)
Spouse(s)
Stephen Hensley (m. 2008–2011)
Children
1
Christel Adnana Mina Khalil (born November 30, 1987) is an American actress.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
Khalil was born in Los Angeles, California, to an African American, Native American and European American mother and a Pakistani father.[1][2][3] Khalil has stated she identifies as mixed race. She has three older brothers and a younger half sister, through her father. In January 2017, in the wake of President Donald Trump's signing of Executive Order 13769, Khalil revealed that her father is an immigrant from his native country of Pakistan.[4]
Career[edit]
Khalil is best known for her portrayal as Lily Winters Ashby on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. At the 39th Daytime Emmy Awards on June 23, 2012, she won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series. To date, she is the only minority actress in Daytime Emmy history to do so.
Khalil has had small roles in movies such as Dragon Fury, Matilda, Interview With the Assassin and White Like the Moon. She voiced Cornelia Hale in W.I.T.C.H., and also appeared on That's So Raven and Malcolm in the Middle, among other shows. Khalil also performed in Los Angeles theater productions before landing her role on The Young and the Restless. In 2012, she was featured in musician Johnny Britt's music video for his single Beautiful Queen.[5]
Personal life[edit]
In 2008, she married musician Stephen Hensley.[6] The Young and the Restless co-star Elizabeth Hendrickson served as a bridesmaid while Bryton James was a groomsman.[7] Khalil gave birth to their son in April 2010, during an at home water birth.[8][9] Bryton James is his godfather.[10] She and Hensley split in early 2011, divorced later that year,[11] and share custody of their son.[12] In 2015, Khalil stated she had been in a relationship with bar runner Ray Wicks for 4 years.[13] Khalil ended the relationship in August 2015.[14][15][16]
Since July 2016, she has been in a relationship with Toronto-based venture capitalist Sam Restagno.[17]
She is best friends with Bryton James, who portrays her character's brother, Devon Hamilton on The Young and the Restless.[18][19] She is also friends with The Young and the Restless co-stars, Tammin Sursok(former co-star)[20] Mishael Morgan and Nadine Heimann.[21] In October 2015, she modeled for Heimann's non-profit, True Connection.[22][23]
Khalil has said one of her favorite hobbies is traveling because she loves experiencing different cultures and travel makes her feel connected to who she is as a person.[24] In June 2015, after the Supreme Court's decision on Obergefell v. Hodges, she voiced her support for same-sex marriage.[25]
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1993 The Sinbad Show Crystal Television series; Guest role ("My Daughter's Keeper")
1995 Dragon Fury Little Girl Film
1996 Matilda Child in Classroom Film
1996 Family Matters Angela Television series; Guest role ("Karate Kids")
1997 You're Invited to Mary-Kate & Ashley's Christmas Party Diana Television film
1997 George & Leo Kid #3 Television series; Guest role ("The Halloween Show")
1998 Milo Young Claire Mullins Film
2002 Interview with the Assassin Babysitter Film
2002 White Like the Moon Nita Short film
2003-2004 That's So Raven Crystal Television series; Two episodes ("Smell of Victory", "The Dating Shame")
2004-2006 W.I.T.C.H. Cornelia Hale (voice) Television series; Main Role; 52 episodes
2006 Malcolm in the Middle Kristin Peterson Television series; Guest role ("Lois Strikes Back")
2002-2005
2006- The Young and the Restless Lily Ashby Contract role: August 15, 2002 – September 2, 2005, November 7, 2006 – present
2012 NCIS: Los Angeles Young Woman Television series; Guest role ("Patriot Acts")
2012 2 Broke Girls Flirty Girl Television series; Guest role ("And the Candy Manwich")
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Work
Result
2003 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) - Leading Young Actress The Young and the Restless Nominated
2004 Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Series (Comedy or Drama) - Leading Young Actress Nominated
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series Nominated
2005 Soap Opera Digest Award for Favorite Teen Nominated
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series Nominated
2006 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series Nominated
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series Nominated
2007 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series Nominated
2008 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series Won
2009 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series Nominated
2010 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series Nominated
2012 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series Won
NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series Nominated
2014 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Christel Khalil Playing Lily Winters Ashby on The Young and the Restless - Soaps.com". Soaps.sheknows.com. .
Jump up ^ "KEFSKI - Christel Khalil from The Young and the Restless,..." kefskiphoto.com. . April 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Christel Khalil Entry On The Daily Multiracial". dailymultiracial.com. . April 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Khalil, Christel (January 29, 2017). "All Three of Us Are The Daughters of Immigrants". Instagram.com. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Johnny Britt "Beautiful Queen" Official Music Video in HD. YouTube. 19 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "Christel Khalil Hensley Expecting First Child – Moms & Babies – Moms & Babies - People.com". Celebrity-babies.com. 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
Jump up ^ Christel Khalil Wedding Photos. "With This Ring".CBS Soaps In Depth. December 8, 2008 pgs.62-67
Jump up ^ "Christel Khalil Hensley Welcomes Son Michael Caden – Moms & Babies – Moms & Babies - People.com". Celebritybabies.people.com. 2009-12-27. Retrieved 2012-01-05.
Jump up ^ Khalil, Christel (April 17, 2013). "Three Years Ago My Little Star Was Born At Home In a Birthing Tub". Instagram.com. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ James, Bryton (November 21, 2015). "Caden I Am Your Godfather". Instagram.com. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Christel Khalil Interview. "Out of the Fire" CBS Soaps In Depth. January 2, 2012 pgs. 60-63.
Jump up ^ "Christel Khalil Mother's Day Interview with Soap Opera Digest". Soap Opera Digest. May 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Christel Khalil Answers Fan Questions in Soap Opera Digest". Soap Opera Digest. August 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Khalil, Christel (August 15, 2015). "Mad Wisdom on How To Break Up". Instagram.com. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Khalil, Christel (September 4, 2015). "What One Man Tore Down, Another Conquered". Instagram.com. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Khalil, Christel (September 5, 2015). "My Friend Spent The Night With Me Cause I Was Scared To Sleep Alone". Instagram.com. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Khalil, Christel (November 19, 2016). "Took My Canadian On A Hollywood Hike". Instagram.com. Retrieved December 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Khalil, Christel (August 17, 2015). "Happy Birthday to My Best Friend". Instagram.com. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ James, Bryton (November 30, 2015). "Happy Birthday to the Best Sista a Person Could Ask For". Instagram.com. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tammin Sursok's Baby Shower With Gal Pals". Dailymail.co.uk. October 4, 2013. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Powers, Rebecca (November 30, 2015). "Detroitnews.com Interview with Nadine Heimann". Detroitnews.com. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Khalil, Christel (October 20, 2015). "That's a Wrap. Thank You True Connection". Instagram.com. Retrieved January 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "True Connection Apparel". True-Connection.org. Retrieved December 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Young and the Restless Star Christel Khalil Loves Travel". Globaltv.com. September 22, 2016. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ Khalil, Christel (June 26, 2015). "I Am Beyond Thrilled That Our Country Finally Recognizes Love Is Love". Instagram.com. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
External links[edit]
Christel Khalil on IMDb
Christel Khalil Official Twitter on Twitter.com
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Covering a base
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A first baseman (standing in white) covering first base during a pickoff attempt.
In baseball, part of the infielders' and pitcher's jobs is to cover bases. That is, they stand next to a base in anticipation of receiving the ball thrown from another fielder, so that they may make a play on an opposing baserunner who is approaching that base. On a force play or appeal play, the fielder covering the base stands with one foot on that base.
In general, the first baseman covers first base, the second baseman or shortstop covers second, the third baseman covers third, and the catcher covers home plate. However, on ground balls hit to the first baseman away from first base, the pitcher will cover first base instead. On a ground ball to either the shortstop or the second baseman, the other of those will cover second base.
With a runner on first base, when a ground ball is hit to the third baseman, second base will be covered by the second baseman, because unlike the shortstop he does not have to turn his back to the third baseman in order to get to second base. Likewise, with a runner on first base, when a ground ball is hit to the first baseman, second base will be covered by the shortstop, who unlike the second baseman does not have to turn his back toward the first baseman in order to get to second base.
When a runner on first base attempts to steal second base, the shortstop and second baseman will have arranged in advance which one will cover second base to receive the ball from the catcher. Likewise, when the pitcher attempts to pick off a runner at second base, the shortstop and second baseman will have arranged in advance which one will cover second base.
With baserunners on first and second bases, sometimes the shortstop will cover third base on a bunt, a coverage plan known as the "rotation play" or "wheelplay." This occurs if the batter bunts the ball toward third base so that the third baseman cannot cover third base because he is moving forward to field the ball.
If the defense is employing an extreme shift, with the shortstop playing on the first-base side of second base and with the third baseman playing near second base (because by reputation the batter is anticipated to hit the ball to the right side of the infield), in some cases the pitcher may need to cover third base.
When the pitcher throws a wild pitch, or when the catcher permits a passed ball, so that in either case the catcher has to retreat farther into foul territory away from home plate to retrieve the ball, if there is a runner on third base the pitcher will cover home plate.
Depending on the situation, however, various fielders can cover any base, and sometimes even an outfielder can cover a base.
In American English, the expression "cover your bases" used outside of a baseball setting means to be thoroughly prepared for something.
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