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List of snipers
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Look up sniper in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
A sniper is a trained marksman who operates alone, in a pair, or with a sniper team to maintain close visual contact with a target and engage the targets from concealed positions or distances exceeding the detection capabilities of enemy personnel.
Contents
[hide]
1 Military snipers
2 Non-military snipers
3 See also
4 References
Military snipers[edit]
Some notable military snipers include:
Name
Lived
Active
Comments
Confirmed
Country
Hiram Berdan 1824-1893 1861–1864 Commanded 1st and 2nd US Sharpshooters during the American Civil War. United States
Noah Adamia 1919–1942 1938–1942 A Soviet Georgian naval infantryman who is credited with over 200 kills and several tanks knocked out within a couple months during WWII. 200 !200+ Soviet Union
Mikhail Surkov ? 1941–1945 According to Soviet sources, Surkov had 702 confirmed kills during World War II[1], a total which would make him the most effective sniper of the European conflict.[2] 702 !702 Soviet Union
Vladimir Gavrilovich Salbiev ? - 1944 1941–1944 According to Soviet sources, Salbiev had 601 confirmed kills during World War II[3] 601 !601 Soviet Union
Vasilij Kvachantiradze 1907–1950 1941–1945 A Soviet Georgian sniper who is credited with 534 kills during WWII, one of if not possibly the highest Soviet kill counts. Known for almost single-handedly thwarting a German assault on Shumilino in Belarus. 534 !534 Soviet Union
Mikhail Budenkov 1919–1995 1941–1945 Killed an estimated 437 enemy combatants in WWII.[4] 437 !437 Soviet Union
Herman Davis 1888–1923 1918 060 !60 United States
Fedir Dyachenko 1917–1995 1932–1945 425 !425 Soviet Union
Rob Furlong 1976– 1996–2003 A Canadian Army sniper who held the record for the kill from the greatest distance.[5] 01 !1+ Canada
Leysters Greener d. 1917 1914–1917 054 !54 United Kingdom
Vasiliy Golosov 1911–1943 1941–1943 Said to have killed 422 enemy combatants including 70 enemy snipers.[6] 422 !422 Soviet Union
Gary Gordon 1960–1993 1978–1993 Delta Force sniper who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for protecting the injured crew of a downed helicopter during the Battle of Mogadishu.[7] 0 !N/A United States
Mark Osmond (pseudonym) 1986– 2007–2011 British sniper with 4 Rifles credited with 44 confirmed kills in Afghanistan including two Taliban insurgents dispatched with a single bullet.[8] 044 !44 United Kingdom
Craig Harrison 1974– 1990–2014 British Army sniper who achieved the second longest confirmed kill shot in history (2,475m) using the Accuracy International L115A3 Long Range Rifle.[9] 01 !1+ United Kingdom
Unnamed Royal Marine corporal Reputedly the deadliest sniper alive as of 2015 with 173 confirmed kills, mostly with the L115A3 on one tour of Afghanistan in 2006–2007, including over 90 Taliban in one day.[10] 173 !173 United Kingdom
Carlos Hathcock 1942–1999 1959–1979 Renowned United States Marine Corps sniper with 93 confirmed kills.[11][12] 093 !93 United States
Simo Häyhä 1905–2002 1925–1940 A Finnish sniper known as "The White Death". Using a Finnish-produced M/28-30 rifle (a variant of the Mosin–Nagant rifle) and a Suomi KP/-31, he reportedly killed 505 to 542 men during the 1939–40 Winter War, the highest recorded number of sniper kills in any major war.[13][14] Häyhä estimated in his diary he killed more than five hundred Red Army soldiers in the Winter War (by both sniper rifle and machine/submachine gun)[15] Antti Rantama (Häyhä's unit military chaplain), credited 259 confirmed sniper kills and an equal number of kills by machine/submachine gun were made by Simo Häyhä during the Winter War.[16] 505-542 !505-542 Finland
Matthäus Hetzenauer 1924–2004 1943–1945 German sniper on the Eastern Front during World War II who was credited with 345 kills between 1943 and 1945.[17] 345 !345 Nazi Germany
Abukhadzhi Idrisov 1918–1983 1939–1944 A Soviet Chechen sniper with an alleged 349 plus kills during World War II. 349 !349+ Soviet Union
Nikolay Yakovlevich Ilyin 1925–1943 1941–1943 469 !469 Soviet Union
Nicholas Irving 2004–2010 A sniper with the 3rd Ranger Battalion deployed in Afghanistan in 2009 with 33 confirmed kills.[18] 033 !33 United States
Tatang Koswara 1947–2015 1975–1976 A sniper credited with at least 41 confirmed kills during the Indonesian invasion of East Timor in the 1970s.[19] 041 !41 Indonesia
Ivan Kulbertinov 1917–1993 1941–1945 Credited with 487 kills.[20] 489 !489 Soviet Union
Chris Kyle 1974–2013 1999–2009 A US Navy SEAL credited with 160 confirmed kills.[21] 160 !160 United States
Musa Herdem 1987–2015 2006–2015 A YPG sniper known as 'Musa' with allegedly more than 80 confirmed kills, mainly during the fighting for Kobani.[22] 080 !80 Rojava
PJAK
PKK
Marie Ljalková 1920–2011 1942–1953 A Czech sniper fighting within the Soviet Army during the second world war with at least 30 confirmed kills. 030 !30 Czechoslovakia
Ranjith Premasiri Madalana 1969–2009 2000–2009 Sniper in the Sri Lanka Army during the country's civil war, who is recorded to have killed over 180 Tamil Tigers.[23] 217 Sri Lanka
Chuck Mawhinney 1949– 1967–1970 A United States Marine Corps sniper who holds the record for most confirmed kills by a US Marine (103).[24] 103 !103 United States
Herbert W. McBride 1873–1933 1914–1918 US citizen and captain in the 21st Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force, during the First World War.[25] 100 !100+ United States
Philip McDonald 1886–1916 1914–1916 8th Battalion (90th Winnipeg Rifles), CEF, 70 confirmed kills during the First World War. Killed in action 3 January 1916. 070 !70 Canada
Neville Methven 1916–1918 Big game hunter and target shooter who served as an officer with Sir Abe Bailey's South African Sharpshooters on the Western Front. 100 !100 South Africa
Timothy Murphy 1751–1818 1775–1780 An American Revolutionary War sniper who killed British General Simon Fraser during the Battle of Saratoga.[26] 01 !1+ United States
Semyon Nomokonov 1900–1973 1941–1945 A Soviet World War II sniper with 367 logged kills.[27] 367 !367 Soviet Union
Henry Norwest 1884–1918 1915–1918 A sniper in the 50th Canadian Infantry Battalion during the First World War. He had 115 confirmed kills and was killed by a German sniper on August 18, 1918.[28] 115 !115 Canada
Fyodor Okhlopkov 1908–1968 1941–1945 One of the most effective Soviet snipers, credited with 423 confirmed kills during World War II.[29] 423 !423 Soviet Union
Johnson Paudash 1875–1959 1914–1918 21st Battalion (Eastern Ontario), CEF during World War One. 88 confirmed kills.[30] 088 !88 Canada
Lyudmila Pavlichenko 1916–1974 1941–1953 Was the most successful female sniper during World War II. She served the Soviet army and has 309 confirmed kills.[29] 309 !309 Soviet Union
Vladimir Pchelintsev 1920– 1941–1945 456 !456 Soviet Union
Stepan Petrenko 1922–1984 1941–1945 422 !422 Soviet Union
Francis Pegahmagabow 1891–1952 1914–1919 An Indigenous North American sniper in World War I who is credited with 378 kills, and an unknown number of unconfirmed kills.[31] 378 !378 Canada
Friedrich Pein 1915–1975 1943–1945 Austrian fighting in the German Army credited with over 200 kills on the Eastern Front between 1943 and 1945 during the Second World War. 200 !200+ Austria
Arron Perry 1972– 1999–2005 A Canadian Army sniper who briefly held the record for the longest-ever recorded and confirmed sniper kill in 2002.[5] 01 !1+ Canada
Graham Ragsdale 1969– A former Canadian Army sniper who fought in Afghanistan in 2003.[5] 0 !N/A Canada
Patrick Riel 1876–1916 1914–1916 Métis Canadian attached to the 8th Battalion (90th Winnipeg Rifles), CEF during the First World War with 30 confirmed kills. KIA January 14, 1916 by shell fire.[32] 030 !30 Canada
Ben Roberts-Smith 1978– 1996– Served as a sniper with the Australian Special Air Service Regiment. He was awarded the Medal of Gallantry for his actions in 2006 during Operation Perth in the Chora Valley of Oruzgan Province, Afghanistan.[33] 0 !N/A Australia
Ian Robertson 1927–2014 1945–1953 Served as a sniper with Australia's 3RAR post World War 2. He became one of the most effective snipers during the Korean War. In one morning he killed 30 enemy soldiers.[34] 030 !30+ Australia
Roza Shanina 1924–1945 1943–1945 A Soviet sniper during the Second World War, credited with 59 confirmed kills, including 12 soldiers during the Battle of Vilnius. 059 !59 Soviet Union
Randy Shughart 1958–1993 1976–1993 Delta Force sniper who posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for protecting the injured crew of a downed helicopter during the Battle of Mogadishu.[7] 0 !N/A United States
Ivan Sidorenko 1919–1994 1939–1945 A Soviet sniper credited with over 500 kills during the Second World War. 500 !500+ Soviet Union
Billy Sing 1886–1943 1914–1918 An Australian soldier in WW1 was credited with over 150 confirmed kills.[35] 150 !150+ Australia
Bruno Sutkus 1924–2003 1944–1945 Lithuanian fighting in the German Army. Credited with 209 kills on the Eastern Front between 1944 and 1945 during the Second World War. 209 !209 Lithuania
Zhang Taofang 1931–2007 1951–1953 A Chinese sniper who fought in the Korean War with 214 confirmed kills in 32 days.[36] 214 !214 China
Adelbert Waldron 1933–1995 1968–1970 A United States Army sniper who formerly held the record for the most confirmed kills by a US military sniper (109).[37] 109 !109 United States
Alvin C. York 1887–1964 1917–1918 82nd Infantry Division, an expert sharpshooter using an M1917 Enfield rifle during the Meuse-Argonne offensive near Chatel-Chéhéry, France, 1918 in World War I. Medal of Honor recipient. 028 !28 United States
Vasily Zaytsev 1915–1991 1937–1945 A Soviet sniper who fought at the Battle of Stalingrad. Zaytsev is credited with 242 kills (including 11 snipers).[29] 242 !242 Soviet Union
.
Non-military snipers[edit]
Not all snipers are highly trained professional soldiers. The term is sometimes used to describe criminals firing from cover at long range with a rifle and police sharpshooters. Some notable non-military snipers include:
William "Billy" Dixon (1850–1913), defended the Adobe Walls settlement against Indian attack with his legendary buffalo rifle, and was one of eight civilians in United States history to receive the Medal of Honor.
Frank Carter (1881–1927) was a notorious murderer in Omaha, Nebraska, who claimed to have murdered 43 victims.[38]
Michael Andrew Clark (1949–1965), teenage sniper who killed three and wounded six in Highway 101 shooting spree on April 25, 1965.[39]
Jack Hinson (1807–1874) was a farmer who engaged Union troops at long range during the American Civil War and recorded 36 officer "kills" on his custom-made .50 caliber Kentucky long rifle with iron sights.[40]
Lon Horiuchi (born 1954), a Federal Bureau of Investigation sniper who shot Randy Weaver and shot and killed Vicki Weaver at Ruby Ridge.[41]
Thomas "Tom" Horn, Jr. (1860–1903) an American Old West lawman, scout, and hired gunman, known for shooting cattle rustlers and sheepherders at long range with a Sharps rifle.[42]
John Allen Muhammad (1960–2009) and Lee Boyd Malvo (born 1985), perpetrators of the Beltway sniper attacks, a series of coordinated shootings that took place over three weeks in October 2002 in Maryland, Virginia, and Washington, D.C. Ten people were killed and three other victims were critically injured in several locations throughout the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area and along Interstate 95 in Virginia
Byron De La Beckwith (1920-2001), ex-US Marine and white supremacist, assassinated NAACP field secretary Medgar Evers after the civil rights activist arrived home in Jackson, Mississippi on June 12, 1963.
Lee Harvey Oswald (1939–1963), ex–US Marine, assassinated President John F. Kennedy and shot Governor John Connally in Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963, and shot at General Edwin Walker on April 10, 1963.[43]
Charles Whitman (1941–1966), college student and ex–US Marine who fired from a clock tower on the University of Texas Austin campus, killing 14 and wounding 32 on August 1, 1966.[44]
Edward Luke (1998- present), one of the highly trained professionals from Indian Navy, no activities reported yet. This teenager is a paid sniper and uses illegal weapons.
Stephen Paddock (1953-2017), responsible for the 2017 Las Vegas Shooting, in which approximately 58 people were killed and hundreds more were injured. As of 2018, Paddock's motive for the attack has not been established.
See also[edit]
List of books, articles and documentaries about snipers
Sniper (disambiguation)
List of sniper rifles
Counter-sniper tactics
Snipers of the Soviet Union
Longest recorded sniper kills
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Алексей Илларионович Луковец (1975). Знамена Победы. Pravda. During the war, "Frontovaya Illustratsiya" wrote: "Sniper Sergeant Mikhail Surkov shoots at the enemy confidently and accurately. - He does not wound - he hits the spot. After killing over 700 Fascists, he went on to the next hunt "
Jump up ^ Mark Spicer and Pat Farey, Sniping: An Illustrated History. Grand Rapids, MI: Zenith, 2009; pg. 129.
Jump up ^ https://news.rambler.ru/other/38830252-voyna-snayperov-na-velikoy-otechestvennoy-kto-pobedil/
Jump up ^ "Буденков Михаил Иванович". www.warheroes.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-03-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c Friscolanti,, Michael (15 May 2006), We were abandoned, Rogers Publishing, pp. 18–25
Jump up ^ "Голосов Василий Иванович". www.warheroes.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-03-21.
^ Jump up to: a b Durant, Michael J.; Hartov, Steve (2003). In The Company of Heroes: A True Story. Putnam Publishing Group. ISBN 0-399-15060-9.
Jump up ^ "Dead Men Risen: The snipers' story". Daily Telegraph. London. 13 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "British sniper Craig Harrison (The Silent Assassin) breaks record, kills target from 1.5 miles away". Daily News. New York. 3 May 2010. Archived from the original on 18 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "British Royal Marine is world's deadliest sniper". The Daily Telegraph. London. 2 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Sasser, Charles; Roberts, Craig (1990). One Shot, One Kill (1990 ed.). Pocket Books. ISBN 978-0-671-68219-4.
Jump up ^ Kennedy, Harold (March 2003). "Marine Corps Sets Sights on More Precise Shooting". National Defense Magazine. Archived from the original on 30 January 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2007. Founded in 1977, the school's first staff NCOIC was the famed sniper, Gunnery Sgt. Carlos Hathcock II, who was credited with 93 confirmed kills in Vietnam.
Jump up ^ Rayment, Sean (30 April 2006). "The long view". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 30 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Tapio A.M. Saarelainen: Sankarikorpraali Simo Häyhä (2006)
Jump up ^ Kauppinen, Kari (18 July 2017). "Sotasankari Simo Häyhän ennennäkemätön päiväkirja löytyi - "Tässä on minun syntilistani"". Iltalehti (in Finnish). Helsinki. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
Jump up ^ The White Sniper: Simo Hayha
Jump up ^ Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
Jump up ^ Connelly, Sherryl (24 January 2015). "'The Reaper' is gripping autobiography of sniper who killed record 33 Taliban in Afghanistan deployment". Daily News. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
Jump up ^ ""Indonesian Sniper" Tatang Koswara passes away at 68". Coconuts Media. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Snipers". www.snipercentral.com. Retrieved 2018-03-21.
Jump up ^ {{https://web.archive.org/web/20120111232749/http://www.harpercollins.com/books/American-Sniper/?isbn=9780062082350}}
Jump up ^ Buiso, Gary (1 January 2015). "Gritty Kurdish fighter gloats over recapture of Kobane". Retrieved 2 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Infolanka. How the LTTE was 'military' defeated: A Soldier’s view - Part Seven . infolanka.asia. Infolanka. Retrieved 28 March 2015. It is ‘Juba’ the sniper who causes havoc in Iraq and it was Corporal W.I. Ranjith Premasiri alias ‘Nero’ of SLA who was responsible for the deaths of more than 217 Tiger cadres, before his demise on 28 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Perry, Tony (22 January 2000). "A Sniper at Peace With His Duties". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 16 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Herbert W. McBride (1873–1933)". TeeJawa. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Senich, Peter R. (1988). The Complete Book of U.S. Sniping. Boulder: Paladin Press. pp. 50–57. ISBN 978-0-87364-460-0.
Jump up ^ Номоконов - вновь на коне (in Russian). Zabmedia. 13 January 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sharpshooter: Henry Louis Norwest". Government of Canada. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Haskew, Michael (1 November 2005). The Sniper at War: From the American Revolutionary War to the Present Day. St. Martin's Press. pp. 65, 73–74. ISBN 978-0-312-33651-6.
Jump up ^ "Johnson Paudash MM". http://21stbattalion.ca/. Retrieved 29 January 2015. External link in |publisher= (help)
Jump up ^ Brownlie, Robin (2003). A Fatherly Eye: Indian Agents, Government Power, and Aboriginal Resistance in Ontario, 1918–1939. University of Toronto Press. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-19-541784-5.
Jump up ^ "Private Patrick Riel". Canadian Great War Project. Retrieved 23 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Nicholson, Brendan (23 April 2011). "You think I'm brave? Meet my mates: Ben Roberts-Smith". theaustralian.com.au. The Australian. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "A sniper's tale". The Sydney Morning Herald. 26 April 2004.
Jump up ^ Hamilton, J. C. M. (2008). Gallipoli Sniper: The life of Billy Sing. Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-4050-3865-2.
Jump up ^ Stronge, Charles (25 January 2011). Kill Shot: The 15 Deadliest Snipers of All Time. Ulysses Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-56975-862-5.
Jump up ^ Kirchner, Paul (2009). More of the Deadliest Men Who Ever Lived. Boulder: Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-58160-690-4.
Jump up ^ "Sniper Shoots Council Bluffs Detective; Terror of People Hits Omaha's Business". The New York Times. 20 February 1926.
Jump up ^ Demaris, Ovid (1971). America the Violent. Penguin Books. p. 344.
Jump up ^ McKenney, Tom (23 September 2010). Jack Hinson's One-man War: A Civil War Sniper. Pelican Publishing. p. 79. ISBN 978-1-4556-0646-7.
Jump up ^ Witkin, Gordon (11 September 1995). "The nightmare of Idaho's Ruby Ridge". US News & World Report. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Anderson, Dan & Laurence J. Yadon (2007), 100 Oklahoma Outlaws, Gangsters, and Lawmen: 1839–1939, Pelican Publishing Company, p. 231, ISBN 978-1-58980-384-8
Jump up ^ Bugliosi, Vincent (2007). Reclaiming History: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy. Norton. ISBN 0-393-04525-0.
Jump up ^ Cawthorne, Nigel (2007). Serial Killers And Mass Murderers: Profiles of the World's Most Barbaric Criminals. Ulysses Press. ISBN 1-569-75578-7.
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text:
Nephew and niece
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Nephew" redirects here. For other uses, see Nephew (disambiguation).
A nephew is a son of a person's sibling, and a niece is a daughter of a person's sibling. Conversely, that person is the aunt or uncle of their niece or nephew. The gender-neutral term encompassing both nephews and nieces is nibling[1]. The relationship of aunt/uncle to niece/nephew is an example of second-degree relatives, meaning that their coefficient of relationship is 25%.
The terms are also used colloquially for sons and daughters of siblings-in-law, even though there is no blood relationship.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Overview
3 Grandniece and grandnephew
4 References
5 External links
Etymology[edit]
The word nephew is derived from the French word neveu which is derived from the Latin nepotem.[2] The term nepotism, meaning familial loyalty, is derived from this Latin term.[3] Niece entered Middle English from the Old French word nece, which also derives from Latin nepotem.[4] The word nibling is a neologism suggested by Samuel Martin in 1951 as a cover term for "nephew or niece"; it is uncommon outside of specialist literature.[1]
Overview[edit]
This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (September 2016)
Historically, a nephew was the logical recipient of his uncle's inheritance if there was no son or daughter, although in some northern Bangladeshi societies, a nephew takes precedence over a daughter,[5] while in segments of medieval English law, nephews were also at times favored over daughters.[6] In social environments that lacked a stable home or habituation such as refugee situations, uncles and fathers would equally be assigned responsibility for their sons and nephews.[7]
Among parents, some cultures have assigned equal status to daughters and nieces in their social status. This is for instance the case in Indian communities in the Mauritius,[8] and the Thai Nakhon Phanom Province, where the transfer of cultural knowledge such as weaving was distributed equally among daughters, nieces and nieces-in-law by the Tai So community,[9] and some Garifuna people that would transmit languages to their nieces.[10] In some proselytizing communities the term niece was informally extended to include non-related younger female community members as a form of endearment.[11] Among some tribes in Manus Province of Papua New Guinea, women's roles as sisters, daughters and nieces may have taken precedence over their marital status in social importance.[12]
In some cultures and family traditions, it's common to refer to one's first cousin once removed (the child of one's cousin), as a niece or nephew. In archaic terminology, a maternal nephew is called a sister-son, emphasizing the importance as a person's nearest male relative should he have no brothers or sons of his own. Sister-son is used to describe some knights who are nephews to King Arthur and is imitated by J. R. R. Tolkien, especially in lists of Kings of Rohan or dwarves where the sister-son is also heir. Sister-daughter is a less common parallel term for niece.
Grandniece and grandnephew[edit]
The terms grandniece (great-niece) and grandnephew (great-nephew) correspond to those of granduncle (great-uncle) and grandaunt (great-aunt), expressing a third-degree relationship.
For (poorly standardized) terminology such as "second granduncle", see first cousins twice removed.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Conklin, Harold C. (1964). "Ethnogenealogical method". In Ward Hunt Goodenough. Explorations in Cultural Anthropology: Essays in Honor of George Peter Murdock. McGraw-Hill. p. 35.
Jump up ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". etymonline.com. Douglas Harper. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Meakins, Felicity (2016). Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages Since Colonisation. p. 91.
Jump up ^ "niece, n.". OED Online. Oxford University Press. June 2016. Retrieved June 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ Chakraborty, Eshani. "Marginality, Modes of insecurity and Indigenous Women of Northern Bangladesh" (PDF). calternatives.org. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Stahl, Anne (2007). Victims who Do Not Cooperate with Law Enforcement in Domestic Violence Incidents. p. 19.
Jump up ^ "The Politics of Culture in Humanitarian Aid to Women Refugees Who Have Experienced Sexual Violence". transcultural psychiatry. McGill University. Retrieved 8 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Comparative Studies in Society and History — The Religion and Culture of Indian Immigrants in Mauritius and the Effect of Social Change — Cambridge Journals Online". Journals.cambridge.org. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
Jump up ^ "Knowledge Management on Local Wisdom of Tai-so Community Weaving Culture in Phone Sawan District, Nakhon Phanom Province" (PDF). Npu.ac.th. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
Jump up ^ "Language transmission in a Garifuna community: Challenging current notions about language death". Dialnet.unirioja.es. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
Jump up ^ "Divine Domesticities : Christian Paradoxes in Asia and the Pacific". Oapen.org. Retrieved 2016-04-11.
Jump up ^ Gustaffson, Berit (1999). Traditions and Modernities in Gender Roles: Transformations in Kinship and Marriage Among the M'Buke from Manus Province. p. 7.
External links[edit]
Look up nephew in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up niece in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up nibling in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Nephew". Encyclopædia Britannica. 19 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 384.
Lancaster, F. M. (October 2005). "Types of Collateral Relationships - Uncle/Aunt Nephew/Niece". Genetic and Quantitative Aspects of Genealogy. Retrieved 25 June 2016.
Dictionary.com, "nephew," in Dictionary.com Unabridged. Source location: Random House, Inc. Available: http://dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved: January 1, 2011
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text:
List of airports in New Jersey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This is a list of airports in New Jersey (a U.S. state), grouped by type and sorted by location. It contains all public-use and military airports in the state. Some private-use and former airports may be included where notable, such as airports that were previously public-use, those with commercial enplanements recorded by the FAA or airports assigned an IATA airport code
Contents
Airports
See also
References
Airports[edit]
This list contains the following information:
City served – The city generally associated with the airport, as per the airport's master record with the Federal Aviation Administration. This is not always the actual location since some airports are located in smaller towns outside of the city they serve. It is not meant to be a complete list of cities served, which can be found in or added to each airport's Wikipedia article.
FAA – The location identifier assigned by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). These are linked to each airport's page at the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) Airport Directory (PDF files ranging in size from 537 to 893 kilobytes).
IATA – The airport code assigned by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Those that do not match the FAA code are shown in bold.
ICAO – The location indicator assigned by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
Airport name – The official airport name. Those shown in bold indicate the airport has scheduled passenger service on commercial airlines.
Role – One of four FAA airport categories, as per the 2017–2021 National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) report released September 2016:
P-s: Commercial service – primary are publicly owned airports that receive scheduled passenger service and have more than 10,000 passenger boardings (enplanements) each year. Each primary airport is sub-classified by the FAA as one of the following four "hub" types (s):
L: Large hub that accounts for at least 1% of total U.S. passenger enplanements.
M: Medium hub that accounts for between 0.25% and 1% of total U.S. passenger enplanements.
S: Small hub that accounts for between 0.05% and 0.25% of total U.S. passenger enplanements.
N: Nonhub that accounts for less than 0.05% of total U.S. passenger enplanements, but more than 10,000 annual enplanements.
CS: Commercial service – nonprimary are publicly owned airports that receive scheduled passenger service and have at least 2,500 passenger boardings each year.
R: Reliever airports are designated by the FAA to relieve congestion at a large commercial service airport and to provide more general aviation access to the overall community.
GA: General aviation airports are the largest single group of airports in the U.S. airport system.
Enpl. – The number of enplanements (commercial passenger boardings) that occurred at the airport in calendar year 2016, as per FAA records released October 2017.
City served
FAA
IATA
ICAO
Airport name
Role
Enpl.
Commercial Service – Primary airports
Atlantic City ACY ACY KACY Atlantic City International Airport P-S 589,091
Trenton TTN TTN KTTN Trenton Mercer Airport P-N 278,436
Newark EWR EWR KEWR Newark Liberty International Airport P-L 19,923,009
Commercial Service – Non-primary airports
Morristown MMU MMU KMMU Morristown Municipal Airport CS 7,239
Reliever airports
Belmar / Farmingdale BLM BLM KBLM Monmouth Executive Airport (was Allaire Airport) R 76
Caldwell CDW CDW KCDW Essex County Airport R 2
Lincoln Park N07 Lincoln Park Airport R 0
Linden LDJ LDJ KLDJ Linden Airport R 0
Manville 47N JVI Central Jersey Regional Airport R 0
Mount Holly VAY LLY KVAY South Jersey Regional Airport R 0
Princeton / Rocky Hill 39N PCT Princeton Airport R 10
Readington N51 Solberg–Hunterdon Airport R 2
Robbinsville N87 Trenton–Robbinsville Airport R 0
Somerville SMQ KSMQ Somerset Airport R 0
Sussex FWN KFWN Sussex Airport R 0
Teterboro TEB TEB KTEB Teterboro Airport R 7,772
General aviation airports
Hammonton N81 Hammonton Municipal Airport GA 0
Lakewood N12 Lakewood Airport GA 0
Millville MIV MIV KMIV Millville Municipal Airport GA 0
Ocean City 26N Ocean City Municipal Airport GA 0
Toms River MJX MJX KMJX Robert J. Miller Air Park GA 2
West Milford 4N1 Greenwood Lake Airport GA 0
Wildwood WWD WWD KWWD Cape May Airport (Cape May County Airport) GA 31
Woodbine OBI KOBI Woodbine Municipal Airport GA 0
Other public-use airports (not listed in NPIAS)
Andover 12N Aeroflex–Andover Airport (Aeroflex–Andover Field)
Andover 13N Trinca Airport
Berlin 19N Camden County Airport 8
Blairstown 1N7 Blairstown Airport
Bridgeton 00N Bucks Airport
Cross Keys 17N Cross Keys Airport 3
Hackettstown N05 Hackettstown Airport
Jobstown 2N6 Redwing Airport
Little Ferry 2N7 Little Ferry Seaplane Base
Lumberton N14 Flying W Airport
Newton 3N5 Newton Airport (closed)
Old Bridge 3N6 Old Bridge Airport
Pedricktown 7N7 Spitfire Aerodrome (was Old Mans Airport)
Pittstown N85 Alexandria Airport (Alexandria Field)
Pittstown N40 Sky Manor Airport
Vincentown N73 Red Lion Airport
Vineland 29N Kroelinger Airport
Vineland 28N Vineland–Downstown Airport
West Creek 31E Eagles Nest Airport
Williamstown C01 Southern Cross Airport
Other military airports
Lakehurst NEL NEL KNEL NAES Lakehurst (Maxfield Field)
Wrightstown WRI WRI KWRI McGuire Air Force Base 848
Notable private-use airports
Flemington NJ29 Bradford Field
Pemberton 3NJ1 Pemberton Airport (public-use until 2006, was FAA: 3N7)
Notable former airports
Asbury Park ARX Asbury Park Neptune Airport (closed 1977)[1]
Atlantic City AIY[permanent dead link] AIY KAIY Atlantic City Municipal Airport (Bader Field) (closed 2006)
Bridgeton N50[permanent dead link] Li Calzi Airport (Li Calzi Airpark) (closed 2011?)[2]
Matawan 2N8 Marlboro Airport (closed 2002)[3][4][5]
Pennington N75[permanent dead link] Twin Pine Airport (closed 2008)
Princeton N21 Forrestal Airport (closed 1989?)[6]
Vineland 25N[permanent dead link] Rudy's Airport (closed 2005)[7]
Williamstown 80N Piney Hollow Airfield (closed)
Footnotes:
See also[edit]
New Jersey World War II Army Airfields
Aviation in the New York metropolitan area
References[edit]
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ [3]
Jump up ^ [4]
Jump up ^ [5]
Jump up ^ [6]
Jump up ^ [7]
Aviation Safety Network – used to check IATA airport codes
Great Circle Mapper: Airports in New Jersey – used to check IATA and ICAO airport codes
Abandoned & Little-Known Airfields: New Jersey – used for information on former airports
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)[edit]
FAA Airport Data (Form 5010) from National Flight Data Center (NFDC), also available from AirportIQ 5010
National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (2017–2021), released September 2016
Passenger Boarding (Enplanement) Data for CY 2016 (final), released October 2017
New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT)[edit]
Aviation
Public Use Airports

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text:
Holding Out for a Hero
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the British television programme, see Holding Out for a Hero (game show).
"Holding Out for a Hero"
Single by Bonnie Tyler
from the album Footloose and Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire
Released
13 April 1984
Format
CD single, 7", 12"
Recorded
1984
Genre
Dance-rock
Length
5:50 (album version)
4:21 (single edit)
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Jim Steinman, Dean Pitchford
Producer(s)
Jim Steinman
Bonnie Tyler singles chronology
"A Rockin' Good Way (to Mess Around and Fall in Love)"
(1984) "Holding Out for a Hero"
(1984) "Here She Comes"
(1984)
"A Rockin' Good Way (to Mess Around and Fall in Love)"
(1984) "Holding Out for a Hero"
(1984) "Here She Comes"
(1984)
Music video
"Holding Out for a Hero" on YouTube
"Holding Out for a Hero" is a song recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler for the soundtrack to the 1984 film Footloose, and later included on her 1986 album Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire. It was written by Jim Steinman and Dean Pitchford. Initially, the song only just reached the Top 100 in the UK Singles Chart, but made it to number 2 the following year, and re-entered the charts again at number 69 in 1991. The song reached No. 1 on the Irish Singles Chart on 28 September 1985. It reached the top 40 in the United States and Canada.
The song's instrumental break was reused from an earlier song by Jim Steinman called "Stark Raving Love", which featured on Steinman's 1981 album Bad for Good.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Impact
3 Music video
4 Live performances
5 Track listings and formats
6 Credits and personnel
7 Other versions
7.1 Cover versions
7.2 Soundtrack appearances
7.2.1 Television
7.2.2 Film
7.2.3 Video games
8 Charts and certifications
8.1 Weekly charts
8.2 Certifications
9 References
Background[edit]
Jim Steinman had been recruited to work on the Footloose soundtrack, for which he wrote "Holding Out for a Hero" with Dean Pitchford. Steinman suggested Tyler's name when he was approached about finding a singer to record the song. Tyler recorded the song at the Paramount Studios, and was shown the scene of the film where the song would feature.
Impact[edit]
Around the world, Holding Out for a Hero has become considered a torch song. In the LGBT community, The Star Observer of Australia deemed the song a dearly-loved gay anthem.[1] Perhaps its most iconic entry into LGBT culture is the lip sync performance given by Tandi Iman Dupree to the song.
In 2015 Christina Grimmie performed the song in a commercial for the Humane Society of the United States.
Tyler's version is heard in a 2017 TV commercial for the Kia Niro that aired during Super Bowl LI on February 5, 2017, but was posted online before the game. The ad stars Melissa McCarthy, who travels around the world stopping environmental disasters. It won the USA Today Super Bowl Ad Meter, becoming the second consecutive car commercial to win the Ad Meter.
The song is heard in another 2017 TV commercial for Arby's, but with Ving Rhames dubbing the word "gyro" over the word "hero" in the lyrics.
Tyler's version is heard in a third 2017 TV commercial for Walmart as part of a back-to-school promotion.[2]
Music video[edit]
The video was produced by Jeffrey Abelson, and directed by Doug Dowdle, with the concept by Keith Williams. It was the second music video (following Deniece Williams' "Let's Hear It For The Boy") that successfully promoted Footloose while having no movie footage in the video.
The video starts off with Bonnie Tyler escaping from a burning house; the video is set primarily in the vicinity of the burning house and on the edge of the Grand Canyon – interspersed with shots of angelic background singers dressed all in white. Evil cowboys dressed in black, carrying neon whips appear before Tyler, threatening her; a cowboy hero dressed in white, brandishing a revolver, appears on horseback and the evil cowboys flee on horseback, with the hero in pursuit. As the song fades out, the hero cowboy appears in front of Tyler.[3]
It was used as the opening theme for the Channel 4 American Football show in the 1980s.
Live performances[edit]
Two recorded live performances of "Holding Out for a Hero" have been released on her live albums Bonnie Tyler Live (2007) and Live in Germany 1993 (2011). Video performances have also been released on Tyler's DVDs, Bonnie on Tour (2007) and the DVD edition of Live in Germany 1993.
Track listings and formats[edit]
1984 7" single
"Holding Out for a Hero" – 4:22
"Faster Than the Speed of Night" – 4:40
1984 12" single
"Holding Out for a Hero" (Extended Remix) – 6:19
"Holding Out for a Hero" (Instrumental) – 5:15
"Faster Than the Speed of Night" – 4:40
1991 12"/CD single
"Holding Out for a Hero" – 4:41
"Faster Than the Speed of Night" – 4:40
"Total Eclipse of the Heart" – 6:49
Credits and personnel[edit]
Bonnie Tyler – vocal
Rory Dodd – background vocal, vocal arrangement
Holly Sherwood – background vocal
Eric Troyer – background vocal, vocal arrangement
Ellen Foley – vocal arrangement
Michael Brecker – tenor saxophone
Hiram Bullock – guitar
Tom "Bones" Malone – trombone, horn arrangement
Jim Pugh – trombone
Alan Rubin – trumpet
Sterling Smith – drums, piano, synthesizer
Lew Soloff – trumpet
David Taylor – bass trombone
Art Wood – drums
Jim Steinman – producer
Other versions[edit]
Since the original release in 1984, Tyler has re-recorded the song three times. Two versions were released under Stick Music, on her album Simply Believe (2004) and EP Bonnie Tyler (2005). She recorded the song again in 2011 on an EP entitled Total Eclipse of the Heart, released by Cleopatra Records.[4]
Cover versions[edit]
Elizabeth Daily recorded the song as the series theme song to the TV series Cover Up.
Jennifer Saunders recorded the song for the 2004 film Shrek 2. It also featured on the associated soundtrack.[5]
Frou Frou also recorded an alternatively tuned version of the song for Shrek 2 which appears during the film credits and in the soundtrack.[5]
American Post-Hardcore band Emery also did a cover for the 2005 Fearless Records compilation Punk Goes 80's.
Soundtrack appearances[edit]
Television[edit]
Cover Up (1984)
Days of Our Lives (1984)
Alvin and the Chipmunks - Episodes "Three Alarm Alvin" (1985) and "Alvin's Not So Super Hero" (1989)
Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman - Episode "Pilot" (1993)
Cold Case - Episode 22, Season 3 "The River" (2006)
Drawn Together - Episode "Spelling Applebees" (2006)
Smallville - Episode 8, Season 9 "Idol" (2009)
"Glee - Episode 7, Season 4 "Dynamic Duets" (2012)
Regular Show - Episode "Eggscellent" (2012)
Scream Queens - Episode 2, Season 2 "Warts and All" (2016)
RuPaul's Drag Race - Episode 3, Season 9 "Draggily Ever After" (2017)
Film[edit]
Footloose (1984)
Short Circuit 2 (1988)
Who's Harry Crumb? (1989)
Bandits (2001)
Shrek 2 (2004)
Nacho Libre (2006)
Video games[edit]
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (2002)
Saints Row: The Third (2011)
Just Dance 2015 (2014)
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1984)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[6] 44
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[7] 19
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[8] 19
Germany (Official German Charts)[9] 19
Italy (FIMI)[10] 30
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[11] 33
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[12] 23
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[13] 19
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[14] 96
US Billboard Hot 100[15] 34
Chart (1985)
Peak
position
Ireland (IRMA)[16] 1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[17] 2
Chart (1991)
Peak
position
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[18] 69
Chart (2016)
Peak
position
France (SNEP)[19] 144
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)[20] 49
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[21]
Silver 250,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bond, Nick (October 22, 2008). "Holding Out for Bonnie". The Star Observer.
Jump up ^ "Walmart TV Commercial "Shop Fast, Check Out Faster" Song By Bonnie Tyler". Ispot.tv. August 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Music video in Dailymotion.com
Jump up ^ "Total Eclipse of the Heart by Bonnie Tyler". iTunes Store. Apple, Inc. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Shrek 2 (Soundtrack from the Motion Picture) by Various Artists". iTunes Store. Apple, Inc. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 316. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Bonnie Tyler – Holding Out for a Hero" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 6742." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Bonnie Tyler – Holding Out for a Hero". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hit Parade Italia". HitParadeItalia (in Italian). Retrieved 21 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Bonnie Tyler – Holding Out for a Hero". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "South African Rock Lists Website SA Charts 1965 – 1989 Acts T". The South African Rock Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Bonnie Tyler – Holding Out for a Hero". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Bonnie Tyler – Chart history" Billboard Hot 100 for Bonnie Tyler.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Holding Out for a Hero". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 21 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – {{{artist}}} – {{{song}}}" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 11 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Bonnie Tyler – Holding Out for a Hero". British Phonographic Industry. Enter Holding Out for a Hero in the search field and then press Enter.
Preceded by
"Dancing in the Street" by David Bowie and Mick Jagger IRMA number-one single
28 September 1985 Succeeded by
"Part-Time Lover" by Stevie Wonder
[show]
v
t
e
Bonnie Tyler songs
Discography
The World Starts Tonight
"Lost in France"
"More Than a Lover"
Natural Force
"It's a Heartache"
"Living for the City"
"Heaven"
"(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman"
"Here Am I"
Diamond Cut
"Too Good to Last"
"My Guns Are Loaded"
Goodbye to the Island
"I'm Just a Woman"
"Sometimes When We Touch"
"A Whiter Shade of Pale"
"Sitting on the Edge of the Ocean"
"I Believe in Your Sweet Love"
Faster Than the Speed of Night
"Have You Ever Seen the Rain?"
"Faster Than the Speed of Night"
"Total Eclipse of the Heart"
"Straight from the Heart"
Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire
"If You Were a Woman (And I Was a Man)"
"Loving You's a Dirty Job but Somebody's Gotta Do It"
"Band of Gold"
"Lovers Again"
"Holding Out for a Hero"
Hide Your Heart
"Hide Your Heart"
"Don't Turn Around"
"Save Up All Your Tears"
"To Love Somebody"
"The Best"
Bitterblue
"Against the Wind"
"Bitterblue"
"Where Were You"
Angel Heart
"Fools Lullaby"
"I Cry Myself to Sleep at Night"
Silhouette in Red
"You Are So Beautiful"
Free Spirit
"You're the One"
"Making Love Out of Nothing at All"
"Bridge over Troubled Water"
"Two Out of Three Ain't Bad"
All in One Voice
"Angel of the Morning"
"I Put a Spell on You"
"The Rose"
"He's the King"
"Silent Night"
Heart Strings
"Human Touch"
"Everybody Hurts"
"Amazed"
"Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)"
"And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going"
"Lean on Me"
"In My Life"
"Learning to Fly"
"Right Here Waiting"
"I Still Haven't Found What I'm Looking For"
"I Can't Make You Love Me"
"Need Your Love So Bad"
"It's Over"
Simply Believe
"Si demain... (Turn Around)"
"Si tout s'arrête (It's a Heartache)
"Darlin'"
Wings
"Louise"
Rocks and Honey
"This Is Gonna Hurt"
"Believe in Me"
"What You Need from Me"
"Love Is the Knife"
"Mom"
Collaborations
"A Rockin' Good Way (to Mess Around and Fall in Love)"
"Islands"
"Vergiß Es (Forget It)"
"Amour Éternel (Eternal Flame)"
"Love's Holding On"
Other songs
"Sayonara Tokyo"
"Here She Comes"
"The Desert Is in Your Heart"
"I Don't Know How to Love Him"
[show]
v
t
e
Footloose
Adaptations
1984 film
1998 musical
2011 film
Soundtrack
"Footloose"
"Let's Hear It for the Boy"
"Almost Paradise"
"Holding Out for a Hero"
"Somebody's Eyes"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holding_Out_for_a_Hero&oldid=804874736"
Categories:
1984 singles
Songs written by Jim Steinman
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1984 songs
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Rock ballads
Hidden categories:
CS1 Italian-language sources (it)
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Singlechart usages for Austria
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