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Immigration to Canada
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Canadian citizenship
This article is part of a series
Immigration
Immigration to Canada
History of immigration to Canada
Economic impact of immigration
Canadian immigration and refugee law
Immigration Act, 1976
Immigration and Refugee Protection Act
Permanent residency
Temporary residency
Permanent Resident Card
Canadian nationality law
History of nationality law
Citizenship Act 1946
Citizenship Test
Oath of Citizenship
Agencies
Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada
Citizenship classes
Honorary citizenship
Commonwealth citizen
Issues
Lost Canadians
"Canadians of convenience"
Demographics of Canada
Canadians
Population by year
Ethnic origins
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Immigration to Canada is the process by which people migrate to Canada to reside in that country. The majority of these individuals become Canadian citizens. After 1947, domestic immigration law and policy went through major changes, most notably with the Immigration Act, 1976, and the current Immigration and Refugee Protection Act from 2002. Canadian immigration policies are still evolving. As recently as 2008, Citizenship and Immigration Canada has made significant changes to streamline the steady flow of immigrants. Those changes included reduced professional categories for skilled immigration as well as caps for immigrants in various categories. In the year from July 2015 to June 2016, there were 320,932 immigrants to Canada.[1]
In Canada there are four categories of immigrants: family class (closely related persons of Canadian residents living in Canada), economic immigrants (skilled workers and business people), other (people accepted as immigrants for humanitarian or compassionate reasons) and refugees (people who are escaping persecution, torture or cruel and unusual punishment). According to the 2001 census by Statistics Canada, Canada has 33 ethnic groups with at least one hundred thousand members each, of which 10 have over 1,000,000 people and numerous others represented in smaller amounts. 16.2% of the population belonged to visible minorities.
Most of the Canadian public, as well as the major political parties, support either sustaining or increasing the current level of immigration.[2][3][4] A 2014 sociological study concluded that "Australia and Canada are the most receptive to immigration among western nations".[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 First wave
1.2 Second wave
1.3 Third wave (1890–1920) and fourth wave (1940s–1960s)
1.4 Fifth wave (1970s–present)
1.5 Chinese
1.6 Citizenship
1.7 Emigration
2 Immigration rate
3 Immigration categories
3.1 Economic immigrants
3.2 Family class
3.3 Refugees
4 Sources of immigration
4.1 Canadian immigrant population by country of birth (2005)
4.2 2011 immigration statistics
4.3 Permanent Residents admitted in 2013
5 Intellectual Disabilities and Excessive Demand
6 Temporary Foreign Worker Program
7 Illegal immigration in Canada
8 Recent Canadian attitudes towards immigration
9 Settlement workers
10 Criticisms
11 See also
12 References
13 Further reading
13.1 History
13.2 Guides
14 External links
History[edit]
Main articles: History of immigration to Canada and History of Canadian nationality law
A collection of four maps showing the distribution of the Canadian population for 1851 (Newfoundland 1857), 1871 (Newfoundland 1869), 1901 and 1921 by historical region.
Come to Stay, printed in 1880 in the Canadian Illustrated News, which refers to immigration to the "Dominion".
After the initial period of British and French colonization, four major waves (or peaks) of immigration and settlement of non-aboriginal peoples took place over a period of almost two centuries. The fifth wave is currently occurring.
First wave[edit]
The first wave of significant, non-aboriginal immigration to Canada occurred over almost two centuries with slow but progressive French settlement of Quebec and Acadia with smaller numbers of American and European entrepreneurs in addition to British military personnel. This wave culminated with the influx of 46–50,000 British Loyalists fleeing the American Revolution, chiefly from the Mid-Atlantic States mostly into what is today Southern Ontario, the Eastern Townships of Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia of whom 36,000 went to the Maritimes. Some of these later made their way to Ontario. A second wave of 30,000 Americans settled in Ontario and the Eastern Townships between the late 1780s and 1812 with promises of land. Some thousands of Gaelic-speaking Scottish Highlanders from land clearances also Nova Scotia during this period. It marked a new age for Canada and its people.
Second wave[edit]
The second wave from Britain and Ireland was encouraged to settle in Canada after the War of 1812, and included British army regulars who had served in the war. The colonial governors of Canada, who were worried about another American invasion attempt and to counter the French-speaking influence of Quebec, rushed to promote settlement in back country areas along newly constructed plank roads within organized land tracts, mostly in Upper Canada (present-day Ontario). With the second wave Irish immigration to Canada had been increasing and peaked when the Irish Potato Famine occurred from 1846 to 1849 resulting in hundreds of thousands more Irish arriving on Canada's shores, although a significant portion migrated to the United States either in the short-term or over the subsequent decades. Over 800,000 immigrants arrived between 1815 and 1850, 60% of them British and the remainder mostly Irish before or after the Famine. This movement of people is known as the Great Migration and boosted Canada's population from 600,000 in 1812 to 2.4 million in 1850 and made it an majority English-speaking country. In 1815 80% of the English-speakers who numbered 250,000 were American colonists of their descendants not including in the count the 35,000 inhabitants of Newfoundland. By 1851 they as a percentage had dropped 35% due to the arrival of 800,000 immigrants from the UK (Upper Canada population 750,000; Maritimes 550,000). The French-speaking population exceeded 300,000 in 1812. The population of Quebec in 1851 was 900,000.
The Dominion Lands Act of 1872 copied the American system by offering ownership of 160 acres of land free (except for a small registration fee) to any man over 18 or any woman heading a household. They did not need to be citizens, but had to live on the plot and improve it.
Also during this period, Canada became a port of entry for many Europeans seeking to gain entry into the U.S. Canadian transportation companies advertised Canadian ports as a hassle-free way to enter the U.S. especially as the U.S. began barring entry to certain ethnicities. The U.S. and Canada mitigated this situation in 1894 with the Canadian Agreement which allowed for U.S. immigration officials to inspect ships landing at Canadian ports for immigrants excluded from the U.S. If found, the transporting companies were responsible for shipping the persons back.[6]
Clifford Sifton, minister of the Interior in Ottawa, 1896–1905, argued that the free western lands were ideal for growing wheat and would attract large numbers of hard-working farmers. He removed obstacles that included control of the lands by companies or organizations that did little to encourage settlement. Land companies, the Hudson's Bay Company, and school lands all accounted for large tracts of excellent land. The railways kept closed even larger tracts because they were reluctant to take legal title to the even-numbered lands they were due, thus blocking sale of odd-numbered tracts. Sifton broke the legal log jam, and set up aggressive advertising campaigns in the U.S. and Europe, with a host of agents promoting the Canadian west. He also brokered deals with ethnic groups that wanted large tracts for homogeneous settlement. His goal was to maximize immigration from Britain, eastern Canada and the U.S.[7]
Third wave (1890–1920) and fourth wave (1940s–1960s)[edit]
The government promoted cheap wheat lands in the Prairies. 1898
The third wave of immigration coming mostly from continental Europe peaked prior to World War I, between 1911–1913 (over 400,000 in 1912). The fourth wave came from Europe after the Second World War, peaking at 282,000 in 1957. Together, they made Canada a more multiethnic country with substantial non-British or non-French European elements. For example, Ukrainian Canadians accounted for the largest Ukrainian population outside Ukraine and Russia. The Church of England took up the role of introducing British values to farmers newly arrived on the prairies. In practice, they clung to their traditional religious affiliations.[8]
Periods of low immigration have also occurred: international movement was very difficult during the world wars, and there was a lack of jobs "pulling" workers to Canada during the Great Depression in Canada.
Canadianization was a high priority for new arrivals lacking a British cultural background.[9] Immigrants from Britain were given highest priority.[10] There was no special effort to attract Francophone immigrants. In terms of economic opportunity, Canada was most attractive to farmers headed to the Prairies, who typically came from eastern and central Europe. Immigrants from Britain preferred urban life.[11]
Fifth wave (1970s–present)[edit]
Immigration since the 1970s has overwhelmingly been of visible minorities from the developing world. This was largely influenced in 1976 when the Immigration Act was revised and this continued to be official government policy. During the Mulroney government, immigration levels were increased. By the late 1980s, the fifth wave of immigration has maintained with slight fluctuations since (225,000–275,000 annually). Currently, most immigrants come from South Asia, China and Caribbean and this trend is expected to continue.[citation needed]
Chinese[edit]
Exclusionist cartoon in Saturday Sunset magazine by N. H. Hawkins, Vancouver, 24 August 1907
Further information: Anti-Oriental Riots (Vancouver)
Prior to 1885, restrictions on immigration were imposed mostly in response to large waves of immigration rather than planned policy decisions, but not specifically targeted at one group or ethnicity, at least as official policy. Then came the introduction of the first Chinese Head Tax legislation passed in 1885, which was in response to a growing number of Chinese working on the Canadian Pacific Railway. Subsequent increases in the head tax in 1900 and 1903 limited Chinese entrants to Canada. In 1907 a major riot against Asians took place in Vancouver, BC. In 1923 the government passed the Chinese Immigration Act which excluded Chinese from entering Canada altogether between 1923 and 1947. For discriminating against Chinese immigrants in past periods, an official government apology and compensations were announced on 22 June 2006.
Citizenship[edit]
Main article: History of British nationality law
The term Canadian as a term of nationalism or citizenship was first used under the Immigration Act, 1910, to designate those British subjects who were domiciled in Canada. All other British subjects required permission to land. A separate status of "Canadian national" was created under the Canadian Nationals Act, 1921, which was defined as being a Canadian as defined above, their wives, and any children (fathered by such citizens) that had not yet landed in Canada. After the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, the monarchy ceased to be an exclusively British institution. Because of this Canadians, and others living in countries that became known as Commonwealth realms, were known as subjects of the Crown. However, in legal documents the term "British subject" continued to be used and "Canadians" were officially British Subjects born or regularly domiciled in Canada.
Canada was the first nation in the then British Commonwealth to establish its own nationality law in 1946, with the enactment of the Canadian Citizenship Act 1946. This took effect on January 1, 1947. In order to be deemed a Canadian citizen on January 1, 1947, one generally had to be a British subject on that date, or had been admitted to Canada as landed immigrants before that date. First Nations people were later included by amendment in 1956. The phrase British subject refers in general to anyone from the United Kingdom, its colonies at the time, or a Commonwealth country. Acquisition and loss of British subject status before 1947 was determined by United Kingdom law.
Canada offers Canadian citizenship through naturalization. In June 2015 the implementation of the latest reforms to the Citizenship Act took effect and revised access to Canadian citizenship. The new reforms raises the residency requirements to 4 years out of 6 years during the period immediately prior to filing the application thereby reducing the length of time to 66% from 75% of the relevant residency period. However, it also requires physical residence for 183 days in each of four the qualifying calendar years prior to submission and a requirement to file income tax. Persons aged 14 to 64 years of age must demonstrate a knowledge of Canada and a basic ability in either official language. There is a provision of an intention to reside on the part of an applicant that applies only during the application process and is irrelevant once a person is a citizen.[12] On 15 February 1977, Canada removed restrictions on dual citizenship. Many of the provisions to acquire or lose Canadian citizenship that existed under the 1946 legislation were repealed. Canadian citizens are in general no longer subject to involuntary loss of citizenship, barring revocation on the grounds of immigration fraud.
Statistics Canada has tabulated the effect of immigration on population growth in Canada from 1851 to 2001.[13]
Emigration[edit]
Emigration from Canada to the United States has historically exceeded immigration, but there were short periods where the reverse was true; for example, the Loyalist refugees; during the various British Columbia gold rushes and later the Klondike Gold Rush which saw many American prospectors inhabiting British Columbia and the Yukon; land settlers moving from the Northern Plains to the Prairies in the early 20th century and also during periods of political turmoil and/or during wars, for example the Vietnam War. In recent years, the emigration from Canada to the U.S. is very small in numbers compared to immigrants coming to Canada.[citation needed]
It should be noted that immigration has always been offset by emigration: at times this was of great concerns of governments intent on filling up the country, particularly the western provinces. The United States was overall the primary destination followed by reverse migration. Emigration to the US was 370,000 in the 1870s averaged on million a decade from 1880 to 1910, almost 750,000 from 1911 to 1920 and 1.25 through 1930. Many of these were not Canadians but recent immigrants from the British Isles who did not stay. As a result the population of Canada at Confederation which was 10% that of the US, 3.75 million, dropped to 7.5% or 5.5 million to 76 million in the US. Between 1945 and 1965 emigration to the US averaged 40–45000 yearly. The population of Canada was roughly 10% of the US population from 1830 to 1870, but dropped to 6% by 1900 due to the emigration to the US and in spite of large-scale immigration. It was not until 1960 that the population of Canada reached the 10% mark again, 18 million. In times of economic difficulty, Canadian governments frequently resorted to deportation and coerced "voluntary" deportation to thin out ranks of unemployed workers; however, by the time of the Mackenzie-King government it was realized that this was an improvident short-term solution resulting in future labor shortages (that immigration was initially intended to overcome).[citation needed]
Immigration rate[edit]
Main article: Economic impact of immigration to Canada
In 2001, 250,640 people immigrated to Canada, relative to a total population of 30,007,094 people per the 2001 Census. Since 2001, immigration has ranged between 221,352 and 262,236 immigrants per annum.[14] The three main official reasons given for the level of immigration are:
100,000 +
50,000-99,999
20,000-49,999
10,000-19,999
The social component – Canada facilitates family reunification.
The humanitarian component – Relating to refugees.
The economic component – Attracting immigrants who will contribute economically and fill labour market needs.
The level of immigration peaked in 1993 in the last year of the Progressive Conservative government and was maintained by Liberal Party of Canada. Ambitious targets of an annual 1% per capita immigration rate were hampered by financial constraints. The Liberals committed to raising actual immigration levels further in 2005. All political parties are now cautious about criticizing the high level of immigration. Consequently, immigration levels to Canada (roughly 0.7% per year) are considerably higher per capita than to the United States (about a million, or 0.3%, per year). Further, much of the immigration to the United States is from Latin America, with relatively less from Asia; the United States only admits about twice as many immigrants from Asian countries like China, India, the Philippines, and Pakistan as Canada, despite having nine times the population. Due to this, the largest minority in the United States is the Latin American population, while Canada's largest minority is its Asian population.
Immigrant population growth is concentrated in or near large cities (particularly Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal). These cities are experiencing increased services demands that accompany strong population growth, causing concern about the capability of infrastructure in those cities to handle the influx. For example, a Toronto Star article published on 14 July 2006 authored by Daniel Stoffman noted that 43% of immigrants move to the Greater Toronto Area and said "unless Canada cuts immigrant numbers, our major cities will not be able to maintain their social and physical infrastructures".[15] Most of the provinces that do not have one of those destination cities have implemented strategies to try to boost their share of immigration.
According to Citizenship and Immigration Canada, under the Canada-Quebec Accord of 1991, Quebec has sole responsibility for selecting most immigrants destined to the province. Of course, once immigrants are granted permanent residency or citizenship they are free to move between and reside in any provinces under Section 6 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Immigration categories[edit]
There are three main categories to Canadian immigration:
Economic immigrants[edit]
Citizenship and Immigration Canada uses seven sub-categories of economic immigrants. The high-profile Skilled worker principal applicants group comprised 19.8% of all immigration in 2005. Canada has also created a VIP Business Immigration Program which allows immigrants with sufficient business experience or management experience to receive the Permanent Residency in a shorter period than other types of immigration. The Province of Quebec has a program called the Immigrant Investor Program.[14]
The Business immigration program (BIP) was cancelled by the Harper government in 2014.[16]
Family class[edit]
Under a government program, both citizens and permanent residents can sponsor family members to immigrate to Canada.
Refugees[edit]
Immigration of refugees and those in need of protection.
Acceptance of refugees has been strangely erratic; for example, Canada once accepted a large block of Estonians displaced by Russian advances but refused Jewish people displaced to western Europe prior to WWII and refused entry to Jewish DPs after WWII. A large block of Romanian refugees was accepted during the height of the communist regime. At times Mennonites and Hutterites were accepted based on their agricultural acumen but at other times denied based on their tendency to not integrate with Anglo-Saxon society (often held to be the ideal).
In 2010, Canada accepted 280,681 immigrants (permanent and temporary) of which 186,913 (67%) were Economic immigrants; 60,220 (22%) were Family class; 24,696 (9%) were Refugees; and 8,845 (2%) were Other.[17] Some 60,000 come to Canada each year under the International Experience Canada initiative, which provides Working Holiday, internship, and study visas.[18]
Under Canadian nationality law an immigrant can apply for citizenship after living in Canada for 1095 days (3 years) in any 5-year period provided that they lived in Canada as a permanent resident for at least two of those years.[19]
See also: Temporary Labour Migration
As of May 1, 2014, the Federal Skilled Worker Class opened once again accepting 25,000 applicants with intake caps at 1,000 per category. A New Economic Action Plan 2015 took effect in January 2015 in which the skilled worker program will be more of an employer based program. The current list of accepted occupations for 2014 includes many occupations such as senior managers, accountants, physicians and medical professionals, professionals in marketing and advertising, real estate professionals and many more.[20] The changes in 2015 moved permanent residency in Canada away from the 'first come, first served' model, and towards a new structure that took on permanent residents based on Canada's economic need. The new system is called "Express Entry".[21]
Effective August 2, 2016, all home buyers (including immigrants and refugees) who are not Canadian citizens nor have landed immigrant status are obliged to pay a 15% Property Transfer Tax when purchasing residential property in the Greater Vancouver Regional District.[22]
Sources of immigration[edit]
Canada receives its immigrant population from almost 200 countries.
Permanent Residents Admitted in 2015, by Top 10 Source Countries[23]
Rank
Country
Number
Percentage
1 Philippines 50,846 18.7
2 India 39,530 14.5
3 China 19,532 7.2
4 Iran 11,669 4.3
5 Pakistan 11,329 4.2
6 Syria 9,853 3.6
7 United States 7,522 3.0
8 France 5,807 2.0
9 United Kingdom 5,451 2.0
10 Nigeria 4,133 2.0
Top 10 Total 165,672 61.5
Other 106,173 38.5
Total 271,845 100
Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, almost one-half of the population over the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have at least one foreign-born parent.[24] The number of visible minorities will double and make up the majority of the population of cities in Canada.[25]
Canadian immigrant population by country of birth (2005)[edit]
"Immigrant" refers to all those who hold or have ever held permanent resident status in Canada, including naturalized citizens.[26][27]
Rank
Country of birth
Population
Portion of immigrants in Canada
Portion of Canadian population
Notes
1 Canada 24,788,720 N/A 7001793000000000000♠79.3%
2 United Kingdom 579,620 7000940000000000000♠9.4% 7000190000000000000♠1.9% From England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales.
3 China 466,940 7000750000000000000♠7.5% 7000150000000000000♠1.5% The official name is 'People's Republic of China'. These figures exclude Hong Kong and Macau, which have separate lines below in this table.
4 India 443,690 7000720000000000000♠7.2% 7000140000000099999♠1.4%
5 Philippines 303,195 7000490000000000000♠4.9% 7000100000000000000♠1%
6 Italy 296,850 7000480000000000000♠4.8% 7000100000000000000♠1%
7 United States 250,535 7000400000000000000♠4% 6999800000000000000♠0.8%
8 Hong Kong 215,430 7000350000000000000♠3.5% 6999700000000000000♠0.7% Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.
9 Germany 171,405 7000280000000099999♠2.8% 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
10 Poland 170,490 7000280000000099999♠2.8% 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
11 Vietnam 160,170 7000260000000000000♠2.6% 6999500000000000000♠0.5% Many from the former Republic of Vietnam
12 Portugal 150,390 7000240000000000000♠2.4% 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
13 Pakistan 133,280 7000220000000000000♠2.2% 6999400000000000000♠0.4%
14 Jamaica 123,420 7000200000000000000♠2% 6999400000000000000♠0.4%
15 Netherlands 111,990 7000180000000000000♠1.8% 6999400000000000000♠0.4%
16 Sri Lanka 105,670 7000170000000000000♠1.7% 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
17 South Korea 98,395 7000160000000000000♠1.6% 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
18 Iran 92,090 7000150000000000000♠1.5% 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
19 Guyana 87,195 7000140000000099999♠1.4% 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
20 Romania 82,645 7000130000000000000♠1.3% 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
21 France 79,550 7000130000000000000♠1.3% 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
22 Lebanon 75,275 7000120000000000000♠1.2% 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
23 Greece 73,125 7000120000000000000♠1.2% 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
24 Trinidad and Tobago 65,540 7000110000000000000♠1.1% 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
25 Taiwan 65,205 7000110000000000000♠1.1% 6999200000000000000♠0.2% The official name is 'Republic of China'.
26 Russia 64,130 7000100000000000000♠1% 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
27 Haiti 63,350 7000100000000000000♠1% 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
28 Ukraine 59,460 7000100000000000000♠1% 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
29 Mexico 49,925 6999800000000000000♠0.8% 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
30 Hungary 45,940 6999700000000000000♠0.7% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
31 El Salvador 42,780 6999700000000000000♠0.7% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
32 Egypt 40,575 6999700000000000000♠0.7% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
33 Croatia 39,250 6999600000000000000♠0.6% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
34 Colombia 39,145 6999600000000000000♠0.6% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
35 Morocco 39,055 6999600000000000000♠0.6% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
36 South Africa 38,305 6999600000000000000♠0.6% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
37 Yugoslavia, n.o.s. 37,205 6999600000000000000♠0.6% 6999100000000000000♠0.1% The abbreviation 'n.o.s.' means 'not otherwise specified'. Includes immigrants from the former Yugoslavia who did not specify Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, or Slovenia.
38 Afghanistan 36,165 6999600000000000000♠0.6% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
39 Iraq 33,545 6999500000000000000♠0.5% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
40 Bangladesh 33,230 6999500000000000000♠0.5% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
41 Algeria 32,255 6999500000000000000♠0.5% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
42 Bosnia and Herzegovina 28,730 6999500000000000000♠0.5% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
43 Chile 26,505 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
44 Serbia 25,465 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 6999100000000000000♠0.1% Now divided into Serbia and Montenegro.
45 Fiji 24,390 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
46 Kenya 22,475 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
47 Ireland 22,370 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
48 Peru 22,080 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
49 Czech Republic 22,030 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
50 Malaysia 21,885 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
51 Japan 21,705 6999400000000000000♠0.4% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
52 Turkey 21,580 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
53 Israel 21,320 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
54 Austria 20,795 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
55 Belgium 20,215 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
56 Cambodia 20,190 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
57 Switzerland 19,955 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
58 Tanzania 19,765 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
59 Ethiopia 19,715 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
60 Somalia 19,515 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
61 Ghana 18,830 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
62 Syria 18,800 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
63 Australia 18,165 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1% Includes Norfolk Island.
64 Argentina 18,120 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
65 Denmark 17,360 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1% Includes the Faroe Islands.
66 Bulgaria 15,955 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
67 Guatemala 15,705 6999300000000000000♠0.3% 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
68 Barbados 15,325 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
69 Brazil 15,120 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
70 Slovakia 14,825 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
71 Nigeria 14,705 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
72 Laos 14,465 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
73 Democratic Republic of the Congo 14,125 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
74 Ecuador 13,480 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
75 Sudan 12,590 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0% Now divided into Sudan and South Sudan.
76 Finland 12,545 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
77 Indonesia 12,260 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
78 Saudi Arabia 11,630 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
79 Uganda 11,005 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
80 Kuwait 10,520 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
81 Albania 10,295 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
82 Spain 10,290 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
83 Venezuela 10,270 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
84 Singapore 9,880 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
85 United Arab Emirates 9,865 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
86 Thailand 9,705 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
87 Mauritius 9,660 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
88 Slovenia 9,460 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0%
89 New Zealand 9,415 6999200000000000000♠0.2% 5000000000000000000♠0% Includes Niue and Tokelau.
90 Nicaragua 9,095 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
91 Cuba 8,865 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
92 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 8,795 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
93 Grenada 8,740 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
94 Macedonia 8,505 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
95 Malta 8,255 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
96 Paraguay 7,530 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
97 Jordan 7,440 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
98 Tunisia 7,410 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
99 Belarus 7,270 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
100 Latvia 7,085 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
101 Sweden 6,845 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
102 Uruguay 6,635 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
103 Zimbabwe 6,525 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
104 Dominican Republic 6,505 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
105 Kazakhstan 6,420 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
106 Lithuania 6,415 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
107 Palestine 6,200 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0% Composed of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
108 Eritrea 6,130 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
109 Macau 6,005 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0% Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.
110 Estonia 5,300 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
111 Moldova 5,250 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
112 Norway 5,245 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
113 Honduras 5,165 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
114 Myanmar 4,800 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0% Formerly known as Burma.
115 Brunei 4,425 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
116 Cyprus 4,220 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
117 Burundi 4,175 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
118 Bolivia 3,770 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
119 St. Lucia 3,520 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
120 Rwanda 3,440 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
121 Nepal 3,305 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0%
122 Cameroon 3,090 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
123 Angola 3,045 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
124 Costa Rica 2,940 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
125 Dominica 2,830 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
126 Sierra Leone 2,800 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
127 Panama 2,760 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
128 Libya 2,620 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
129 Uzbekistan 2,610 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
130 Zambia 2,520 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
131 St. Kitts and Nevis 2,370 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
132 Antigua and Barbuda 2,340 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
133 Ivory Coast 2,305 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0% Also known as Côte d'Ivoire.
134 Azerbaijan 2,260 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
135 Soviet Union, n.o.s. 2,220 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0% The abbreviation 'n.o.s.' means 'not otherwise specified'. The official name of the country was 'Union of Soviet Socialist Republics'. Includes immigrants from the former Soviet Union who did not state which former Soviet country they were born in. As of the Canada 2006 Census, the countries that were once part of the Soviet Union include Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.
136 Senegal 2,205 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
137 Armenia 2,195 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
138 Belize 2,080 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
138 Czechoslovakia, n.o.s. 2,080 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0% The abbreviation 'n.o.s.' means 'not otherwise specified'. Includes immigrants from the former Czechoslovakia who did not state which former Czechoslovak country they were born in. As of the Canada 2006 Census, the countries that were once part of Czechoslovakia include the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
139 Guinea 2,055 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
140 Madagascar 2,030 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
141 Bermuda 1,930 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
142 Bahrain 1,590 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
143 Georgia 1,530 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
144 Liberia 1,400 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
145 Qatar 1,340 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
146 Togo 1,255 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
147 Kyrgyzstan 1,215 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
148 Yemen 1,090 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
149 Mozambique 1,050 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
150 Bahamas 970 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
151 Seychelles 885 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
152 Mali 855 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
153 Oman 830 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
154 Chad 810 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
155 Suriname 765 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
156 Montserrat 730 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
157 Benin 685 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
158 Republic of the Congo 630 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
159 Aruba 580 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
160 Luxembourg 570 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
161 Tajikistan 560 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
162 Iceland 530 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
163 Mongolia 525 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
164 Djibouti 515 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
165 Gabon 510 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
166 Netherlands Antilles 500 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0% Now divided into Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, St. Eustatius, and St. Maarten. At one time it also included Aruba.
167 Malawi 425 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
168 Martinique 385 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
169 The Gambia 380 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
170 St. Pierre and Miquelon 375 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
171 Burkina Faso 365 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
172 Mauritania 335 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
173 Namibia 330 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
174 Puerto Rico 325 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
175 Guadeloupe 320 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
176 Papua New Guinea 275 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
177 Turkmenistan 225 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
178 Niger 220 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
179 Botswana 215 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
179 Gibraltar 215 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
180 Cayman Islands 200 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
181 Cape Verde 165 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
181 North Korea 165 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0% The official name is 'Democratic People's Republic of Korea'.
182 Central African Republic 160 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
183 Swaziland 140 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
184 Anguilla 100 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
185 Monaco 95 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
186 French Polynesia 90 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
186 Lesotho 90 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
186 Samoa 90 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
187 Bhutan 85 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
187 New Caledonia 85 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
188 Tonga 80 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
189 French Guiana 70 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
189 Guinea-Bissau 70 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
190 Réunion 60 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
190 British Virgin Islands 60 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
191 Liechtenstein 55 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
192 Federated States of Micronesia 45 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
192 Turks and Caicos Islands 45 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
193 Comoros 40 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
194 Greenland 40 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
195 Solomon Islands 35 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
196 Andorra 30 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
196 Equatorial Guinea 30 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
196 Guam 30 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
197 Maldives 20 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
197 Nauru 20 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
197 Palau 20 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
198 East Timor 15 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0% Also known as Timor-Leste.
198 Falkland Islands 15 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
198 St. Helena and Dependencies 15 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0% Now known as St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
198 San Marino 15 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
199 American Samoa 10 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
199 Marshall Islands 10 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
199 Tuvalu 10 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
199 Vanuatu 10 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
199 United States Virgin Islands 10 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
199 Wallis and Futuna 10 5000000000000000000♠0% 5000000000000000000♠0%
Outside Canada 6,186,950 7002100000000000000♠100% 7001198000000000000♠19.8%
Others 6,220 6999100000000000000♠0.1% 5000000000000000000♠0% Includes a small number of immigrants who were born in Canada, as well as other places of birth not classified elsewhere.
2011 immigration statistics[edit]
Number of immigrants granted permanent residence in Canada in 2011 by source country[28]
Rank
Country
Number of immigrants admitted
Proportion of total
Notes
1 Philippines 34,991 7001141000000000000♠14.1%
2 China 28,696 7001115000000000000♠11.5% Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan included separately.
3 India 24,965 7001100000000000000♠10%
4 United States 8,829 7000350000000000000♠3.5%
5 Iran 6,840 7000270000000000000♠2.7%
6 United Kingdom 6,550 7000260000000000000♠2.6%
7 Haiti 6,208 7000250000000000000♠2.5%
8 Pakistan 6,073 7000240000000000000♠2.4%
9 France 5,867 7000240000000000000♠2.4%
10 United Arab Emirates 5,223 7000210000000000000♠2.1%
11 Iraq 4,698 7000190000000000000♠1.9%
12 South Korea 4,573 7000180000000000000♠1.8%
13 Colombia 4,317 7000170000000000000♠1.7%
14 Morocco 4,155 7000170000000000000♠1.7%
15 Algeria 3,800 7000150000000000000♠1.5%
16 Mexico 3,642 7000150000000000000♠1.5%
17 Egypt 3,403 7000140000000099999♠1.4%
18 Sri Lanka 3,104 7000120000000000000♠1.2%
19 Nigeria 2,768 7000110000000000000♠1.1%
20 Ukraine 2,455 7000100000000000000♠1%
21 Bangladesh 2,449 7000100000000000000♠1%
22 Lebanon 2,335 6999900000000000000♠0.9%
23 Saudi Arabia 2,299 6999900000000000000♠0.9%
24 Germany 2,254 6999900000000000000♠0.9%
25 Ethiopia 2,038 6999800000000000000♠0.8%
26 Jamaica 2,021 6999800000000000000♠0.8%
27 Afghanistan 1,977 6999800000000000000♠0.8%
28 Israel 1,967 6999800000000000000♠0.8% Does not include the Gaza Strip, the Golan Heights, or the West Bank.
29 Taiwan 1,894 6999800000000000000♠0.8%
30 Russia 1,887 6999800000000000000♠0.8%
31 Romania 1,723 6999700000000000000♠0.7%
32 Vietnam 1,682 6999700000000000000♠0.7%
33 Brazil 1,519 6999600000000000000♠0.6%
34 Japan 1,475 6999600000000000000♠0.6%
35 Venezuela 1,446 6999600000000000000♠0.6%
36 Tunisia 1,368 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
37 Moldova 1,349 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
38 Turkey 1,339 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
39 Somalia 1,256 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
40 Nepal 1,249 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
41 Syria 1,181 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
42 Kuwait 1,179 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
43 Cameroon 1,166 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
44 Mauritius 1,120 6999500000000000000♠0.5%
45 Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,058 6999400000000000000♠0.4%
46 South Africa 1,036 6999400000000000000♠0.4%
47 Jordan 1,025 6999400000000000000♠0.4%
48 Australia 979 6999400000000000000♠0.4%
49 Cuba 938 6999400000000000000♠0.4%
50 Peru 876 6999400000000000000♠0.4%
51 Eritrea 874 6999400000000000000♠0.4%
52 Hong Kong 820 6999300000000000000♠0.3% Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.
53 Guyana 761 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
54 Dominican Republic 759 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
55 Kenya 750 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
56 Ireland 662 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
57 El Salvador 658 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
58 Poland 657 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
59 Belgium 633 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
60 Netherlands 629 6999300000000000000♠0.3%
61 Qatar 615 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
61 Trinidad and Tobago 615 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
62 Italy 572 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
63 Libya 544 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
64 Honduras 542 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
65 Senegal 523 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
66 Burundi 518 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
67 Ghana 511 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
68 Portugal 506 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
69 Ivory Coast 503 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
70 Sudan 488 6999200000000000000♠0.2% Now divided into Sudan and South Sudan.
71 Malaysia 485 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
72 Albania 471 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
73 Singapore 458 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
74 Thailand 455 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
75 Switzerland 448 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
76 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 447 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
77 Ecuador 437 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
78 Rwanda 436 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
79 New Zealand 410 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
80 Zimbabwe 388 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
81 Indonesia 368 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
82 Kazakhstan 367 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
83 Bulgaria 356 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
84 Belarus 355 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
85 Myanmar 311 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
85 Fiji 311 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
86 Argentina 298 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
87 Uganda 288 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
88 Oman 285 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
89 Hungary 281 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
90 Guatemala 276 6999200000000000000♠0.2%
91 St. Lucia 262 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
92 Palestine 261 6999100000000000000♠0.1% Includes the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
93 Guinea 252 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
94 Spain 248 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
95 Sweden 244 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
96 Benin 233 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
97 Tanzania 229 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
98 Armenia 227 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
99 Bahrain 209 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
100 Cambodia 196 6999100000000000000♠0.1% #
101 Yemen 188 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
102 Chile 183 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
103 Bosnia and Herzegovina 178 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
104 Costa Rica 173 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
105 Grenada 169 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
106 Greece 163 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
107 Togo 154 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
108 Kyrgyzstan 152 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
109 Uzbekistan 146 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
110 Azerbaijan 141 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
111 Georgia 138 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
112 Denmark 129 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
113 Czech Republic 128 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
113 Mali 128 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
114 Sierra Leone 127 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
115 Slovakia 125 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
115 Djibouti 125 6999100000000000000♠0.1%
116 Macedonia 124 5000000000000000000♠0%
117 Croatia 123 5000000000000000000♠0%
118 Madagascar 120 5000000000000000000♠0%
118 Nicaragua 120 5000000000000000000♠0%
119 Burkina Faso 117 5000000000000000000♠0%
120 Barbados 110 5000000000000000000♠0%
121 Latvia 104 5000000000000000000♠0%
121 Paraguay 104 5000000000000000000♠0%
122 Niger 97 5000000000000000000♠0%
123 Mongolia 96 5000000000000000000♠0%
124 Finland 95 5000000000000000000♠0%
125 Austria 93 5000000000000000000♠0%
126 North Korea 91 5000000000000000000♠0%
127 Botswana 90 5000000000000000000♠0%
128 Bolivia 82 5000000000000000000♠0%
129 Republic of the Congo 79 5000000000000000000♠0%
130 Uruguay 77 5000000000000000000♠0%
131 Zambia 75 5000000000000000000♠0%
132 Norway 71 5000000000000000000♠0%
133 Gabon 65 5000000000000000000♠0%
134 Chad 59 5000000000000000000♠0%
134 Bahamas 59 5000000000000000000♠0%
135 Panama 56 5000000000000000000♠0%
136 Cyprus 54 5000000000000000000♠0%
137 Tajikistan 53 5000000000000000000♠0%
138 Liberia 49 5000000000000000000♠0%
139 Malawi 45 5000000000000000000♠0%
140 Antigua and Barbuda 43 5000000000000000000♠0%
141 Lithuania 42 5000000000000000000♠0%
141 Brunei 42 5000000000000000000♠0%
142 Dominica 41 5000000000000000000♠0%
143 Belize 40 5000000000000000000♠0%
144 Angola 38 5000000000000000000♠0%
145 Mauritania 34 5000000000000000000♠0%
146 Bermuda 31 5000000000000000000♠0%
147 Macau 29 5000000000000000000♠0% Special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.
148 Luxembourg 28 5000000000000000000♠0%
149 The Gambia 27 5000000000000000000♠0%
150 Serbia 25 5000000000000000000♠0% Now divided into Serbia, and Montenegro.
151 Namibia 24 5000000000000000000♠0%
151 Martinique 24 5000000000000000000♠0%
152 Laos 23 5000000000000000000♠0%
152 Cayman Islands 23 5000000000000000000♠0%
153 Turkmenistan 19 5000000000000000000♠0%
154 Estonia 16 5000000000000000000♠0%
154 Suriname 16 5000000000000000000♠0%
155 Malta 14 5000000000000000000♠0%
155 Swaziland 14 5000000000000000000♠0%
155 St. Kitts and Nevis 14 5000000000000000000♠0%
156 Central African Republic 12 5000000000000000000♠0%
156 Seychelles 12 5000000000000000000♠0%
157 Slovenia 10 5000000000000000000♠0%
158 Guadeloupe 6 5000000000000000000♠0%
Other countries 2,326 6999900000000000000♠0.9%
Country not stated 58 5000000000000000000♠0%
Total 248,748 7002100000000000000♠100%
Permanent Residents admitted in 2013[edit]
Permanent Residents admitted in 2013, by top 10 source countries[29]
Rank
Country
Number
Percentage
1 China 33,908 13.1
2 India 30,576 11.8
3 Philippines 27,292 10.5
4 Pakistan 11,354 4.4
5 United States 10,624 4.1
6 Iran 10,038 3.9
7 France 7,148 2.8
8 United Kingdom 5,935 2.3
9 South Korea 4,450 1.7
10 United Arab Emirates 4,093 1.6
Top 10 Total 145,418 56.2
Other 113,535 43.8
Total 258,953 100
Intellectual Disabilities and Excessive Demand[edit]
The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Several families have recently been denied immigration to Canada because members of their family have an autism spectrum diagnosis and Citizenship and Immigration Canada felt the potential cost of care for those family members would place an excessive demand on health or social services.[30][31] People with autism disorders can be accepted if they are able to depend on themselves.[31]
Temporary Foreign Worker Program[edit]
In 2012 more than 200 000 people were admitted to Canada under the Temporary Foreign Worker Program, three times the number in 2002.[32]
Illegal immigration in Canada[edit]
Estimates of illegal immigrants in Canada range between 35,000 and 120,000.[33] James Bissett, a former head of the Canadian Immigration Service, has suggested that the lack of any credible refugee screening process, combined with a high likelihood of ignoring any deportation orders, has resulted in tens of thousands of outstanding warrants for the arrest of rejected refugee claimants, with little attempt at enforcement.[34] A 2008 report by the Auditor General Sheila Fraser stated that Canada has lost track of as many as 41,000 illegal immigrants.[35][36]
Recent Canadian attitudes towards immigration[edit]
An October 2016 study of Canadian values by pollster Angus Reid [37] gave a conflicting picture: Although 68% of those polled said they wanted minorities to do more to fit into the mainstream, the same number also said they were nonetheless happy with how the immigrants they knew were integrating themselves into the community. Further, 79% of Canadians believe immigration policy should be based on the country's economic and labour needs, rather than on the needs of foreigners to escape crises in their home countries. In an analysis of the survey, Reid wrote that although Canadians' commitment to multiculturalism is not increasing, nevertheless their attitudes on immigration have no white-preference racism, and that the vast majority of newcomers feel that they are treated fairly and equally as "Canadians".[38]
Settlement workers[edit]
Settlement workers help immigrants in Canada to understand their rights and responsibilities and find them programs and services they need to integrate with the new culture and prospect of livelihood. They motivate organizations to hire immigrants and support immigration through recruiting new members. They work with government agency, school board, library and other community organization with network of resources.[39]
Criticisms[edit]
In L'Express, the French news magazine, Canadian academic, and environmental activist David Suzuki called Canada's immigration policy "disgusting" (We "plunder southern countries to deprive them of their future leaders, and wish to increase our population to support economic growth") and insisted that "Canada is full" ("Our useful area is reduced").[40]
See also[edit]
History of Canada portal
National Advancement Party of Canada
Immigration Watch Canada
Visa policy of Canada
Canada (Citizenship and Immigration) v. Khosa
Demographics of Canada
Former colonies and territories in Canada
History of Chinese immigration to Canada
History of immigration to Canada
Ministry of Immigration, Diversity and Inclusion, Government department for immigration to Quebec
Top 25 Canadian Immigrants Award
Immigrant benefits urban legend, a hoax regarding benefits comparison
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Canada has lost track of 41,000 illegals: Fraser". CTV.ca. 2008-05-06. Retrieved 2011-01-25. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Canada., Government of Canada, Office of the Auditor General of. "Chapter 7—Detention and Removal of Individuals—Canada Border Services Agency". Oag-bvg.gc.ca.
Jump up ^ "What makes us Canadian? A study of values, beliefs, priorities and identity". The Angus Reid Institute. 3 October 2016. Retrieved 2016-11-09.
Jump up ^ "Canadians aren't as accepting as we think — and we can't ignore it, writes Angus Reid".
Jump up ^ "Settlement Worker - Alternative Jobs". settlement.org.
Jump up ^ "David Suzuki and Jason Kenney amplify each other". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. 2013-07-15. Retrieved 2013-10-04.
Further reading[edit]
Further information: Bibliography of Canadian demographics
History[edit]
Adelman, Howard; Borowski, Allan; Burstein, Meyer; and Foster, Lois, eds. Immigration and Refugee Policy: Australia and Canada Compared (1996)
Avery, Donald H. Reluctant Host: Canada's Response to Immigrant Workers, 1896–1994 (1996)
Carment, David; Bercuson, David Jay (2008), The World in Canada: Diaspora, Demography, and Domestic Politics, McGill-Queen's Univ. Press, ISBN 9780773532960
Dirks, Gerald E (May 1, 1977), Canada's Refugee Policy: Indifference or Opportunism?, McGill-Queen's University Press, ISBN 978-0-7735-0296-3
Hall, D.J. (1977), Howard Palmer, ed., "Clifford Sifton: Immigration and Settlement Policy, 1896–1905", The Settlement of the West, pp. 60–85
Hawkins, Freda (1990), Critical Years in Immigration: Canada and Australia Compared, McGill-Queen's Press
Kelley, Ninette; Trebilcock, Michael J. (2010), The Making of the Mosaic: A History of Canadian Immigration Policy (2nd ed.), University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-0-8020-9536-7
Knowles, Valerie (2008), Strangers at Our Gates: Canadian Immigration and Immigration Policy, 1540–2006 a standard scholarly history
Lacroix, Patrick (2016). "From Strangers to 'Humanity First': Canadian Social Democracy and Immigration Policy, 1932-1961". Canadian Journal of History. 51 (1): 58–82. doi:10.1353/cnh.2016.0028.
McLean, Lorna "'To Become Part of Us': Ethnicity, Race, Literacy and the Canadian Immigration Act of 1919", Canadian Ethnic Studies, 36#2 (2004): pp. 1–28.
Magocsi, Paul R (1999), Encyclopedia of Canada's peoples
Powell, John (2005), Encyclopedia of North American Immigration, Facts On File, ISBN 0-8160-4658-1
Timlin, Mabel F (November 1960), "Canada's Immigration Policy, 1896-1910", Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, 26 (4), pp. 517–532, JSTOR 138931 in JSTOR
Walker, Barrington (2008), The History of Immigration and Racism in Canada: Essential Readings, Canadian Scholars' Press, ISBN 978-1-55130-340-6
Guides[edit]
Adu-Febiri, Francis (2009), Succeeding from the margins of Canadian society: a strategic resource for new immigrants, refugees and international students, CCB Pub, ISBN 978-1-926585-27-7
Kranc, Benjamin A; Constantin, Elena (2004), Getting into Canada: How to Make a Successful Application for Permanent Residence, How To Books, ISBN 1-85703-929-7
DeRocco, John F. Chabot (2008), From Sea to Sea to Sea: A Newcomer's Guide to Canada, Full Blast Productions, ISBN 978-0-9784738-4-6
Driedger, Leo; Halli, Shivalingappa S. (1999), Immigrant Canada: Demographic, Economic, and Social Shallenges, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 0-8020-4276-7
Moens, Alexander; Collacott, Martin (2008), Immigration Policy and the Terrorist Threat in Canada and the United States, Fraser Institute, ISBN 978-0-88975-235-1
Noorani, Nick; Noorani, Sabrina (2008), Arrival Survival Canada: A Handbook for New Immigrants, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-542891-9
External links[edit]
History of Canadian immigration at Marianopolis College
Moving Here, Staying Here: The Canadian Immigrant Experience at Library and Archives Canada
Immigration from Canada to Belgium
Going to Canada - Immigration Portal: A source of free and useful information for newcomers and prospective immigrants to Canada.
Be Aware! Canadian import laws
Multicultural Canada website
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