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Mary Poppins (film)
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Mary Poppins
Original theatrical release poster
Directed by
Robert Stevenson
Produced by
Walt Disney
Bill Walsh
Screenplay by
Bill Walsh
Don DaGradi
Based on
Mary Poppins
by P. L. Travers
Starring
Julie Andrews
Dick Van Dyke
David Tomlinson
Glynis Johns
Music by
Irwin Kostal (Score)
Richard M. Sherman
Robert B. Sherman (Songs)
Cinematography
Edward Colman
Edited by
Cotton Warburton
Production
company
Walt Disney Productions
Distributed by
Buena Vista Distribution
Release date
August 27, 1964 (1964-08-27)
Running time
139 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$4.4–6 million[2]
Box office
$102.3 million[3]
Mary Poppins is a 1964 American musical-fantasy film directed by Robert Stevenson and produced by Walt Disney, with songs written and composed by the Sherman Brothers. The screenplay is by Bill Walsh and Don DaGradi, loosely based on P. L. Travers' book series Mary Poppins. The film, which combines live-action and animation, stars Julie Andrews in the role of Mary Poppins who visits a dysfunctional family in London and employs her unique brand of lifestyle to improve the family's dynamic. Dick Van Dyke, David Tomlinson, and Glynis Johns are featured in supporting roles. The film was shot entirely at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California using painted London background scenes.[4]
Mary Poppins was released on August 27, 1964, to universal acclaim, receiving a total of thirteen Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture – an unsurpassed record for any other film released by Walt Disney Studios – and won five; Best Actress for Andrews, Best Film Editing, Best Original Music Score, Best Visual Effects, and Best Original Song for "Chim Chim Cher-ee". In 2013, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[5] Mary Poppins is widely considered to be Walt Disney's "crowning achievement", being his only film to garner a Best Picture nomination at the Oscars in his lifetime.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Voices
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Pre-production
3.3 Casting
3.4 Filming
4 Music
4.1 Soundtrack
4.2 Deleted songs
4.3 Deleted scores and music
5 Release
5.1 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Accolades
7 Legacy
8 Sequel
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Plot[edit]
In Edwardian London, 1910, Bert entertains a crowd when he senses a change in the wind. Afterwards, he directly addresses the audience and gives them a tour of Cherry Tree Lane, stopping outside the home of the Banks family. George Banks returns home from his job at the bank to learn from Winifred that Katie Nanna has left their service after Jane and Michael ran away "again". They are returned shortly after by the local constable, who reveals the children were chasing a lost kite. Jane and Michael ask their father to help build a better kite, but he dismisses them. Taking it upon himself to hire a nanny, George advertises for a stern, no-nonsense nanny. Instead, Jane and Michael present their own advertisement for a kinder, sweeter nanny, but once George rips up the letter and throws the scraps in the fireplace, the remains of the advertisement magically float up and out into the air.
The next day, a queue of elderly, sour-faced nannies appear outside. However, a strong gust of wind blows the nannies away, and Jane and Michael witness a young nanny descend from the sky using her umbrella. Presenting herself to George, Mary Poppins calmly produces the children’s now restored advertisement and agrees with its requests, but promises the astonished banker she will be firm with his children. As George puzzles over the return of the advertisement, Mary is forced to hire herself and meets the children, then helps them to tidy their nursery through song, before heading out for a walk in the park.
Outside, they meet Bert who now works as a screever; Mary uses her magic to transport the group into one of the drawings. While the children ride on a nearby carousel, Mary Poppins and Bert go on a leisurely stroll and are served tea by a quartet of penguin waiters. Mary enchants the carousel horses and participates in a horse race which she wins. While being asked to describe her victory, Mary announces the nonsense word "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious". However, the outing is ruined when a thunderstorm demolishes Bert's drawings, returning the group back to London.
On another outing, the four meet Uncle Albert who has floated up in the air due to his uncontrollable laughter; they join him for a tea party on the ceiling, telling jokes.
George becomes increasingly annoyed by the cheery atmosphere of his family and threatens to fire Mary. Instead, Mary inverts his attempt by convincing him to take the children to the bank for a day. George takes Jane and Michael to the bank, where they meet Mr. Dawes Sr. and his son. Dawes aggressively attempts to have Michael invest his tuppence in the bank, snatching the money from him. Michael demands it back, causing other customers to misinterpret and all demand their money back, causing a bank run.
Jane and Michael flee the bank, getting lost in the East End until they run into Bert, who is now a chimney sweep, then escorts them home. The three and Mary venture onto the rooftops, where they have a song-and-dance number with other chimney sweeps until George returns home, receives a phone call from his employers and speaks with Bert who tells him he should spend more time with his children before they grow up. Jane and Michael give their father Michael’s tuppence in the hope to make amends.
George walks through London to the bank, where he is given a humiliating cashiering and is dismissed. Looking to the tuppence for words, he raucously blurts out "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious!", tells one of Uncle Albert's jokes, and happily heads home. Dawes mulls over the joke, but finally "gets" it, and floats up into the air, laughing.
The next day, the wind changes, which means Mary must leave. A happier George is found at home, having fixed his children’s kite, and takes the family out to fly it. In the park, the Banks meet Mr. Dawes Jr, who reveals his father died happily laughing from the joke and re-employs George as a junior partner. With her work done, Mary flies away with Bert bidding her farewell, telling her not to stay away too long as the film ends.
Cast[edit]
Julie Andrews as Mary Poppins, a magical and loving woman who descends down from the clouds in response to the Banks children's advertisement for a nanny. She is not only firm in her use of authority but gentle and kind as well, a major departure from the original books, in which the character was strict and pompous.[6]
Dick Van Dyke as Bert, a cockney jack-of-all-trades and Mary Poppins's closest friend, who is completely accustomed to her magic. Their playful interactions imply that they have known each other for a long time and that this kind of story has repeated itself many times. Bert has at least four jobs throughout the film: a one-man band, a pavement chalk artist, a chimney sweep, and a kite seller.
Dick Van Dyke also portrays Mr. Dawes Sr., the old director of the bank where Mr. Banks works. During the film's end titles, "Navckid Keyd", an anagram of Dick Van Dyke, is first credited as playing the role before the letters unscramble to reveal Van Dyke's name.
David Tomlinson as George Banks, Mary Poppins' employer and father of Jane and Michael. He works at the Dawes Tomes Mousley Grubbs Fidelity Fiduciary Bank in London. He is a driven and disciplined man.
Glynis Johns as Winifred Banks, the easily distracted wife of George Banks and the mother of Jane and Michael. She is depicted as a member of Emmeline Pankhurst's "Votes for Women" suffragette movement. Mrs. Banks was originally named Cynthia, but this was changed to the more English-sounding Winifred per Travers.[7]
Hermione Baddeley as Ellen, the maid of the Banks residence.
Karen Dotrice as Jane Banks.
Matthew Garber as Michael Banks.
Elsa Lanchester as Katie Nanna, the disgruntled nanny who quits the Banks family.
Arthur Treacher as Constable Jones, a police officer.
Reginald Owen as Admiral Boom, the Banks' eccentric neighbor and a naval officer. He has his first mate, Mr. Binnacle, fire a cannon from his roof every 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.
Ed Wynn as Uncle Albert, a jolly gentleman who suffers from an unknown condition where he floats in the air during fits of uncontrollable laughter. Although he likes having company over, he becomes very sad and cries when his guests have to leave (he falls back to the ground, since it is the inversion of laughing).
Reta Shaw as Mrs. Brill, the cook of the Banks residence.
Don Barclay as Mr. Binnacle, Admiral Boom's first mate.
Marjorie Bennett as Miss Lark, owner of the dog named Andrew, who frequently runs away.
Arthur Malet as Mr. Dawes Jr., the director's son and member of the board.
Jane Darwell as the "Bird Woman," a homeless woman who feeds the pigeons.
Marjorie Eaton as Miss Maya Persimmon.
Jimmy Logan as a doorman who chases after the children in the bank.
Alma Lawton as Mrs. Corry, an old shopkeeper of a gingerbread shop and mother of two daughters.
Betty Lou Gerson as Old Crone (uncredited)
Kay E. Kuter as Man in Bank (uncredited)
Doris Lloyd as Depositor (uncredited)
Queenie Leonard as Depositor (uncredited)
Voices[edit]
Julie Andrews as Robin, Female Pearly
Marc Breaux as Cow
Daws Butler as Penguin Waiter, Turtles
Peter Ellenshaw as Penguin Waiter
Paul Frees as Barnyard Horse
Bill Lee as Ram
Sean McClory as Bloodhound, Reporter #4
Dallas McKennon as Fox, Bloodhound, Penguin Waiter, Horse, Carousel Guard
Alan Napier as Huntsman, Reporter #3, Bloodhound
Marni Nixon as Geese
J. Pat O'Malley as Bloodhound, Hunting Horse, Master of Hounds, Pearly Drummer, Penguin Waiter, Photographer, Reporter #2
George Pelling as Bloodhound, Reporter #1
Thurl Ravenscroft as Hog, Andrew's Whimper
Richard M. Sherman as Penguin Waiter, Male Pearly
Robert B. Sherman as the "Bird Woman," Pearly Banjo Player
David Tomlinson as Penguin Waiter, Jockey, Race Track Stewards, Mr. Binnacle, Mary Poppins' Parrot Umbrella[8]
Ginny Tyler as Lambs
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
The first book in the Mary Poppins book series was the film's main basis. According to the 40th Anniversary DVD release of the film in 2004, Disney's daughters fell in love with the Mary Poppins books and made him promise to make a film based on them. Disney first attempted to purchase the film rights to Mary Poppins from P. L. Travers as early as 1938 but was rebuffed because Travers did not believe a film version of her books would do justice to her creation. In addition, Disney was known at the time primarily as a producer of cartoons and had yet to produce any major live-action work. For more than 20 years, Disney periodically made efforts to convince Travers to allow him to make a Poppins film. He finally succeeded in 1961, although Travers demanded and got script approval rights. The Sherman Brothers composed the music score and were also involved in the film's development, suggesting the setting be changed from the 1930s to the Edwardian era. Pre-production and song composition took about two years.
Pre-production[edit]
Travers was an adviser to the production. However, she disapproved of the dilution of the harsher aspects of Mary Poppins' character, felt ambivalent about the music, and so hated the use of animation that she ruled out any further adaptations of the later Mary Poppins novels.[9] She objected to a number of elements that actually made it into the film. Rather than original songs, she wanted the soundtrack to feature known standards of the Edwardian period in which the story is set. She also objected to the animated sequence. Disney overruled her, citing contract stipulations that he had final say on the finished print. Much of the Travers-Disney correspondence is part of the Travers collection of papers in the Mitchell Library of New South Wales, Australia. The relationship between Travers and Disney is detailed in Mary Poppins She Wrote, a biography of Travers, by Valerie Lawson. The biography is the basis for two documentaries on Travers, The Real Mary Poppins, and Lisa Matthews' The Shadow of Mary Poppins.[10][11][12] Their relationship during the development of the film was also dramatized in the 2013 film, Saving Mr. Banks.
Casting[edit]
Dick Van Dyke as Bert, the Chimney Sweep
Julie Andrews, who was making her feature film acting debut after a successful stage career, got the prime role of Mary Poppins soon after she was passed over by Jack L. Warner and replaced with Audrey Hepburn for the role of Eliza Doolittle in his screen adaptation of My Fair Lady, even though Andrews had originated the role on Broadway.[13] When Disney first approached Andrews about taking on the role, Andrews was three months pregnant and therefore was not sure she should take it. Disney assured her that the crew would be fine with waiting to begin filming until after she had given birth so that she could play the part.[14] Julie Andrews also provided the voice in two other sections of the film: during "A Spoonful of Sugar," she provided the whistling harmony for the robin, and she was also one of the Pearly singers during "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious." David Tomlinson, besides playing Mr. Banks, provided the voice of Mary's talking umbrella and numerous other voice-over parts (including that of Admiral Boom's first mate). During the "Jolly Holiday" sequence, the three singing Cockney geese were all voiced by Marni Nixon, a regular aural substitute for actresses with substandard singing voices. Nixon would later provide the singing voice for Hepburn in My Fair Lady and play one of Andrews' fellow nuns in The Sound of Music. Andrews later beat Hepburn for the Best Actress Award at the Golden Globes for their respective roles. Andrews would also win the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role. Hepburn did not receive a nomination. Richard Sherman, one of the songwriters, also voiced a penguin as well as one of the Pearlies.[15] Robert Sherman dubbed the speaking voice for Jane Darwell because Darwell's voice was too weak to be heard in the soundtrack. Sherman's voice is heard saying the only line: "Feed the Birds, Tuppence a bag."[16]
Disney cast Dick Van Dyke in the key supporting role of Bert after seeing his work on The Dick Van Dyke Show. After winning the role of Bert, Van Dyke lobbied to also play the senior Mr. Dawes, but Disney originally felt he was too young for the part. Van Dyke eventually won Disney over after a screen test.[17] Although he is fondly remembered for this film, Van Dyke's attempt at a Cockney accent is regarded as one of the worst film accents in history, cited as an example by actors since as something that they wish to avoid.[18] In a 2003 poll by Empire magazine of the worst film accents of all time, he came second.[19] Van Dyke claims that his accent coach was the Irish J. Pat O'Malley, who "didn't do an accent any better than I did".[20]
Filming[edit]
Filming took place between May and September 1963, with post-production and animation taking another 11 months.[21]
The film changed the book's storyline in a number of places. For example, Mary, when approaching the house, controlled the wind rather than the other way around. As another example, the father, rather than the mother, interviewed Mary for the nanny position. A number of other changes were necessary to condense the story into feature length. In the film, there are only two Banks children, Jane and Michael. The satirical and mysterious aspects of the original book gave way to a cheerful and "Disney-fied" tone. Mary Poppins' character as portrayed by Andrews in the film is somewhat less vain and more sympathetic towards the children compared to the rather cold and intimidating nanny of the original book. Bert, as played by Van Dyke, was a composite of several characters from Travers' stories. Travers demanded that any suggestions of romance between Mary and Bert be eliminated, so lyrics were written for "Jolly Holiday" that clearly indicated that their friendship was purely platonic; some subtle hints of romance, however, did remain in the finished film.
Music[edit]
Buena Vista Records released the original motion picture soundtrack on vinyl and reel-to-reel tape.[22] Due to time constraints, some songs were edited (such as "Step in Time" and "Jolly Holiday", "A Spoonful of Sugar"), while songs also featured introductory passages ("Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious") or completed endings ("Sister Suffragette", "Fidelity Fiduciary Bank", "A Man Has Dreams"). Written by Richard and Robert Sherman, the songs were inspired by Edwardian British music hall music.[23] The score won two Grammy Awards and two Academy Awards.[24][25]
Walt Disney Records re-issued the soundtrack in 1997, including 16-minute track of unreleased songs and demo versions.[26] In 2004, as part of the 40th Anniversary (also called Special Edition), a 28-track disc (as part of a two-disc set) was released.[27] In 2014 (the 50th anniversary of the film's release), the soundtrack was released in a 3-CD edition as part of the Walt Disney Records The Legacy Collection series; this edition includes demos of many "lost" tracks.[28]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main article: Mary Poppins (soundtrack)
All tracks are written by Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman.
Deleted songs[edit]
A number of other songs were written for the film by the Sherman Brothers and either rejected or cut for time. Richard Sherman, on the 2004 DVD release, indicated that more than 30 songs were written at various stages of the film's development. No cast recordings of any of these songs have been released to the public, only demos or later performances done by the songwriters — with the exception of the rooftop reprise of "Chim Chim Cher-ee" and the "smoke staircase yodel" mentioned below.
"The Chimpanzoo", was originally to follow "I Love to Laugh" during the Uncle Albert "ceiling tea party" sequence, but it was dropped from the soundtrack just before Julie Andrews and company were to record it. The fast-paced number was not unveiled to the public until Richard Sherman, aided by recently uncovered storyboards, performed it on the 2004 DVD edition. The re-creation suggests it was to have been another sequence combining animation and live action.
"Practically Perfect" was intended to introduce Mary but instead the melody of the piece was used for "Sister Suffragette" (used to introduce Mrs. Banks). A different song with the same name was written for the stage musical.
"The Eyes of Love", a romantic ballad intended for Bert and Mary, but according to Richard Sherman, Andrews suggested privately to Disney that this song was unsuitable. In response, "A Spoonful of Sugar" was written.
"Mary Poppins Melody" was to be performed when Mary introduces herself to the children. Elements of the song later became part of "Stay Awake". The melody was the basis for a couple of other songs that were ultimately cut from the film.
"A Name's a Name". Heard on a recording taken of a meeting between the Sherman Brothers and Travers, this song was originally intended for the nursery scene that later became "A Spoonful of Sugar". The melody was reused for "Mary Poppins Melody".
"You Think, You Blink" was a short piece that Bert was to sing just before entering the chalk painting (and starting the "Jolly Holiday" sequence). In the film, Dick Van Dyke simply recites the lyric instead of singing it.
"West Wind" was a short ballad to be sung by Mary. The song was later retitled "Mon Amour Perdu" and used in the later Disney film, Big Red.
"The Right Side" was to be sung by Mary to Michael after he gets out of bed cranky. It was recycled for the Disney Channel television series Welcome to Pooh Corner as Winnie the Pooh's personal theme song.
"Measure Up" was to accompany the scene in which Mary takes the tape measure to Jane and Michael.
"Admiral Boom" was to be the theme song for the cannon-firing neighbor of the Banks Residence, but it was cut by Walt Disney as being unnecessary. The melody of the song remains in the film, and the bombastic theme is heard whenever Boom appears onscreen. One line from this song ("The whole world takes its time from Greenwich, but Greenwich, they say, takes its time from Admiral Boom!") is spoken by Bert early in the film.
"Sticks, Paper and Strings" was an early version of "Let's Go Fly a Kite."
"Lead the Righteous Life", an intentionally poorly written hymn, was to have been sung by Katie Nanna (Elsa Lanchester) along with Jane and Michael prior to Mary Poppins' arrival. The melody was later reused for a similar song in The Happiest Millionaire
"The Pearly Song" was not deleted per se but was instead incorporated into "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious".
The Compass Sequence, a precursor to "Jolly Holiday", was to be a multiple-song sequence. A number of possible musical components have been identified:
"South Sea Island Symphony"
"Chinese Festival Song"
"Tim-Buc-Too" – elements of this were reused for "The Chimpanzoo" which was also cut
"Tiki Town" – the melody was reused for "The Chimpanzoo"
"North Pole Polka"
"Land of Sand" – later rewritten as "Trust in Me" for the animated version of The Jungle Book
"The Beautiful Briny" – later used in Bedknobs and Broomsticks
"East is East" – another variation on the unused "Mary Poppins Melody".
Deleted scores and music[edit]
The "Step in Time" sequence ends with the chimney sweeps being scattered by an onslaught of fireworks fired from Admiral Boom's house. In the final film, the scene plays out with sound effects and no music. The DVD release included the original version of the scene which was accompanied by a complex instrumental musical arrangement that combined "Step in Time", the "Admiral Boom" melody (see above), and "A Spoonful of Sugar". This musical arrangement can be heard on the film's original soundtrack.
Andrews recorded a brief reprise of "Chim Chim Cher-ee" which was to have accompanied Mary, Bert, and the children as they marched across the rooftops of London (an instrumental reprise of "A Spoonful of Sugar" was used as a march instead; however, Andrews and Dick Van Dyke can still be seen and heard singing a reprise of "Chim Chim Cher-ee" in that sequence, just before the other chimney sweeps appear for the "Step in Time" number).
The robin Mary Poppins whistles within "A Spoonful of Sugar" originally sang a lyric as well.
Andrews also recorded a brief yodel which breaks into the first line of "A Spoonful of Sugar" which was to have been used to "activate" the smoke staircase prior to the "Step in Time" number. Although cut from the film, footage of Andrews performing this exists and was included on the 2004 DVD. The DVD also indicates that an alternate version of the yodel performed by Dick Van Dyke may also exist.
Release[edit]
Mary Poppins premiered on August 27, 1964, at Grauman's Chinese Theatre in Los Angeles.[21][29] Travers was not extended an invitation to the event, but managed to obtain one from a Disney executive. It was at the after-party that Richard Sherman recalled her walking up to Disney and loudly announcing that the animated sequence had to go. Disney responded, "Pamela, the ship has sailed," and walked away.[12] The film grossed between $31–33 million during its initial run.[3][30] The film was re-released theatrically in 1973, in honor of Walt Disney Productions' 50th anniversary, and earned an estimated $9 million in North American rentals.[31] It was released once more in 1980 and earned another $14 million,[32] and achieved a total lifetime gross of over $102 million.[3] The film was very profitable for Disney. Made on an estimated budget of $4.4–6 million,[2][33][34] it was reported by Cobbett Steinberg to be the most profitable film of 1965, earning a net profit of $28.5 million.[35][36] Walt Disney used his huge profits from the film to purchase land in central Florida and finance the construction of Walt Disney World.[37]
Home media[edit]
Mary Poppins was first released in late 1980 on VHS, Betamax, CED and laserdisc. In 1994, 1997 and 1998, it was re-released three times as part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection. In 1998, this film became Disney's first DVD. On July 4, 2000, it was released on VHS and DVD as part of the Gold Classic Collection. On December 14, 2004, it had a 2-Disc DVD release in a Digitally Restored 40th Anniversary Edition as well as its final issue in the VHS Format. The film's audio track featured an "Enhanced Home Theater Mix" consisting of replaced sound effects (to make the soundtrack more "modern") and improved fidelity and mixing and some enhanced music (this version was also shown on 2006–2012 ABC Family airings of the movie.) On January 27, 2009, the film was released on DVD again as a 45th anniversary edition, with more language tracks and special features (though the film's "Enhanced Home Theater Mix" was not included.) Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on Blu-ray as the 50th Anniversary Edition on December 10, 2013.[38]
Reception[edit]
The film received universal acclaim from film critics.[35] Film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 100% of critics gave the film a "fresh" rating, based on 44 reviews with an average score of 8.3/10. The site's consensus refers to it as "A lavish modern fairy tale celebrated for its amazing special effects, catchy songs, and Julie Andrews's legendary performance in the title role."[39]
Variety praised the film's musical sequences and the performances of Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke, in particular.[40] Time lauded the film, stating, "The sets are luxuriant, the songs lilting, the scenario witty but impeccably sentimental, and the supporting cast only a pinfeather short of perfection."[41]
Critic Drew Casper summarized the impact of Mary Poppins in 2011:
Disney was the leader, his musical fantasies mixing animation and truly marvelous f/x with real-life action for children and the child in the adult. Mary Poppins (1964) was his plum. ... the story was elemental, even trite. But utmost sophistication (the chimney pot sequence crisply cut by Oscared "Cotton" Warburton) and high-level invention (a tea party on the ceiling, a staircase of black smoke to the city's top) characterized its handling.[42]
Accolades[edit]
Awards
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Academy Awards[25] April 5, 1965 Best Picture Walt Disney and Bill Walsh Nominated
Best Director Robert Stevenson Nominated
Best Actress in a Leading Role Julie Andrews Won
Best Adapted Screenplay Don DaGradi and Bill Walsh Nominated
Best Cinematography, Color Edward Colman Nominated
Best Art Direction, Color Carroll Clark, William H. Tuntke, Emile Kuri and Hal Gausman Nominated
Best Costume Design, Color Tony Walton Nominated
Best Sound Robert O. Cook Nominated
Best Film Editing Cotton Warburton Won
Best Visual Effects Peter Ellenshaw, Eustace Lycett and Hamilton Luske Won
Best Original Song "Chim Chim Cher-ee" – Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman Won
Best Score Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman Won
Best Adaptation or Treatment Score Irwin Kostal Nominated
Golden Globe Awards[43] February 8, 1965 Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy Robert Stevenson, Walt Disney and Bill Walsh Nominated
Best Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role – Musical or Comedy Dick Van Dyke Nominated
Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role – Musical or Comedy Julie Andrews Won
Best Original Score Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman Nominated
Grammy Awards[24] April 13, 1965 Best Recording for Children Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman, Julie Andrews, Dick Van Dyke, Glynis Johns, David Tomlinson, Ed Wynn Won
Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or Television Show Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman Won
New York Film Critics Circle[44] January 23, 1965 Best Actress Julie Andrews Nominated
Directors Guild of America Award[45] Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures Robert Stevenson Nominated
Writers Guild of America Award[46] Best Written American Musical Don DaGradi and Bill Walsh Won
Legacy[edit]
Mary Poppins is widely considered to be one of the greatest films of all time and Walt Disney's "crowning achievement".[47] It was the only film of Disney's to garner a "Best Picture" nomination at the Oscars in his lifetime.[48]
The film also inspired the eighth-season episode of The Simpsons entitled "Simpsoncalifragilisticexpiala(Annoyed Grunt)cious", featuring a parody of Mary called "Shary Bobbins" who helps out the Simpson family after Marge loses her hair due to stress, and spoofs of the songs "The Perfect Nanny", "A Spoonful of Sugar", "Feed The Birds" and "The Life I Lead".
Never at ease with the handling of her property by Disney or the way she felt she had been treated, Travers would never again agree to another Poppins/Disney adaptation. So fervent was Travers' dislike of the Disney adaptation and of the way she felt she had been treated during the production, that when producer Cameron Mackintosh approached her about the stage musical in the 1990s, she acquiesced on the condition that only English-born writers and no one from the film production were to be directly involved with creating the stage musical.[49]
American Film Institute
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious" - #36
AFI's 100 Years of Musicals - #6[50]
Sequel[edit]
Main article: Mary Poppins Returns
On September 14, 2015, it was reported that a new film was in development by Walt Disney Pictures. The film will take place 20 years after the first, featuring a standalone narrative based on the remaining seven books in the series. Rob Marshall has been hired to direct, while John DeLuca and Marc Platt will serve as producers.[51]
See also[edit]
Film in the United States portal
Disney portal
1960s portal
List of American films of 1964
Mary Poppins (musical)
Saving Mr. Banks
English-language accents in film – Cockney
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Mary Poppins (U)". British Board of Film Classification. October 9, 1964. Retrieved December 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Michael Coate. "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious: Remembering "Mary Poppins" on its 50th Anniversary". thedigitalbits.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Mary Poppins (1964) – Release Summary – Box Office Mojo". boxofficemojo.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Walt Disney-American Experience". Produced by PBS.
Jump up ^ "Library of Congress announces 2013 National Film Registry selections" (Press release). Washington Post. December 18, 2013. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Grilli 2013, p. back cover.
Jump up ^ "When Mary was my top of the Poppins". Mail Online.
Jump up ^ Jim Korkis (August 14, 2013). "Mary Poppins Fun Facts". mouseplanet.com.
Jump up ^ Newman, Melinda (November 7, 2013). "‘Poppins’ Author a Pill No Spoonful of Sugar Could Sweeten". Variety. Retrieved November 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ Nance, Kevin (December 20, 2013). "Valerie Lawson talks 'Mary Poppins, She Wrote' and P.L Travers". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Shadow of Mary Poppins". Shop for a Film. Ronin Films. 2003. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Flanagan, Caitlin (December 19, 2005). "Becoming Mary Poppins". The New Yorker. Retrieved November 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Julie Andrews", Broadway, The American Musical, PBS; Thomas Hischak The Oxford Companion to the American Musical, New York: Oxford University Press, 2008, p.517
Jump up ^ "Julie Andrews Recalls Making 'Mary Poppins'". YouTube. October 16, 2012. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ DVD extra
Jump up ^ Source: Commentary on Mary Poppins on DVD
Jump up ^ Robert J. Elisberg (March 30, 2010). "Super-Cali-Fragilistic-Expial-Atrocious". Huffington Post. Retrieved March 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS – UK – Magazine – How not to do an American accent". bbc.co.uk. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Staff writers (2003-06-30). "Connery 'has worst film accent'". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-07-06.
Jump up ^ "Dick Van Dyke Plays Not My Job". Wait Wait ... Don't Tell Me!. October 23, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Williams & Denney 2004, p. 281.
Jump up ^ "Walt Disney's Mary Poppins (Original Cast Soundtrack)". Discogs. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Vincent Dowd (September 12, 2014). "Mary Poppins songwriter 'thrilled' at Proms singalong". BBC. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Past Winners Search". The GRAMMYs. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominations and Wins for Mary Poppins". oscars.org. Archived from the original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved February 13, 2014. Enter "Mary Poppins" in the 'Film Title' field and click 'Search'
Jump up ^ "Various – Mary Poppins (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Discogs. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Richard M. Sherman And Robert B. Sherman, Irwin Kostal, Julie Andrews, Dick Van Dyke (2) – Mary Poppins". Discogs. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Richard M. Sherman & Robert B. Sherman – Mary Poppins (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". Discogs. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lawson 2013, p. 245.
Jump up ^ Casper 2011, p. ii.
Jump up ^ "Big Rental Films of 1973", Variety, January 9, 1974 p 19
Jump up ^ Caitlin Flanagan (December 19, 2005). "Becoming Mary Poppins". The New Yorker.
Jump up ^ "Box Office Information for Mary Poppins". The Numbers. Retrieved March 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ Hillier & Pye 2011, p. 136.
^ Jump up to: a b Steinberg, Cobbett (1980). Film Facts. New York: Facts on File, Inc. p. 25. ISBN 0-87196-313-2.
Jump up ^ When a film is released late in a calendar year (October–December), its income is reported in the following year's compendium, unless the film made a particularly fast impact (Steinberg, p. 17)
Jump up ^ Williams & Denney 2004, p. 285.
Jump up ^ Strecker, Erin (December 10, 2013). "'Mary Poppins' star talks 50th anniversary and 'Saving Mr. Banks'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mary Poppins (1964)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Review: ‘Mary Poppins’". Variety. December 31, 1963. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cinema: Have Umbrella, Will Travel". Time. September 18, 1964. Retrieved December 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Casper 2011, p. 1881.
Jump up ^ "Browse Results". OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE GOLDEN GLOBE AWARDS. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "New York Film Critics Circle". freehostia.com. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Winner and Nominee Search – 1964". dga.org. Retrieved February 14, 2015. Enter "Mary Poppins" in the 'Keyword' field
Jump up ^ "Writers Guild Awards". wga.org. Archived from the original on April 12, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Müller 2004, p. 260.
Jump up ^ Rosen, Mike; Hogan, Christopher (November 11, 2013). "Is Saving Mr. Banks the Movie Oscar Voters Have Been Waiting For?". VFHollywood. Condé Nast. Retrieved November 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ouzounian, Richard (December 13, 2013). "P.L. Travers might have liked Mary Poppins onstage". The Toronto Star. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – Official Ballot" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Snetiker, Marc (September 14, 2015). "Exclusive: Disney developing new original musical featuring Mary Poppins; Rob Marshall to direct". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 14, 2015.
Bibliography
Brody, Paul (20 February 2013). The Real Life Mary Poppins: The Life and Times of P. L. Travers. BookCaps Study Guides. ISBN 978-1-62107-482-3.
Casper, Drew (1 March 2011). Hollywood Film 1963–1976: Years of Revolution and Reaction. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-4443-9523-5.
Grilli, Giorgia (18 October 2013). Myth, Symbol, and Meaning in Mary Poppins. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-135-86801-7.
Hillier, Jim; Pye, Doug (24 May 2011). 100 Film Musicals. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-84457-568-8.
Lawson, Valerie (3 December 2013). Mary Poppins, She Wrote: The Life of P. L. Travers. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4767-6292-0.
Marshall, Bill; Stilwell, Robynn Jeananne (1 January 2000). Musicals: Hollywood and Beyond. Intellect Books. ISBN 978-1-84150-003-4.
Müller, Jürgen (2004). Movies of the 60s. Taschen. ISBN 978-3-8228-2799-4.
Steinberg, Cobbett (1980). Film Facts. Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-87196-313-0.
Williams, Pat; Denney, James (1 August 2004). How to Be Like Walt: Capturing the Disney Magic Every Day of Your Life. Health Communications, Inc. ISBN 978-0-7573-0231-2.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mary Poppins.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Mary Poppins (film)
Official website
Mary Poppins on IMDb
Mary Poppins at The Big Cartoon DataBase
Mary Poppins at the TCM Movie Database
Mary Poppins at Box Office Mojo
Mary Poppins at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
P. L. Travers' Mary Poppins
Books
Mary Poppins (1934)
Mary Poppins Comes Back (1935)
Mary Poppins Opens the Door (1943)
Mary Poppins in the Park (1952)
Mary Poppins From A to Z (1962)
Mary Poppins in the Kitchen (1975)
Mary Poppins in Cherry Tree Lane (1982)
Mary Poppins and the House Next Door (1988)
Characters
Mary Poppins
Mr. Banks
Mrs. Banks
The Banks children
Bert
Miss Lark
Admiral Boom
The servants
Adaptations
Mary Poppins (1964 film)
soundtrack
Mary Poppins, Goodbye (1983 musical miniseries)
Mary Poppins (2004 musical)
Saving Mr. Banks (2013 related film)
Mary Poppins Returns (2018 film)
Songs
"Sister Suffragette"
"The Life I Lead"
"The Perfect Nanny"
"A Spoonful of Sugar"
"Jolly Holiday"
"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious"
"Stay Awake"
"I Love to Laugh"
"Feed the Birds"
"Fidelity Fiduciary Bank"
"Chim Chim Cher-ee"
"Step in Time"
"A Man Has Dreams"
"Let's Go Fly a Kite"
Category (all pages)
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Robert Stevenson
Happy Ever After (1932)
Falling for You (1933)
Tudor Rose (1936)
The Man Who Changed His Mind (1936)
Jack of All Trades (1936)
King Solomon's Mines (1937)
Non-Stop New York (1937)
Owd Bob (1938)
The Ware Case (1938)
Young Man's Fancy (1939)
Return to Yesterday (1940)
Tom Brown's School Days (1940)
Back Street (1941)
Joan of Paris (1942)
Forever and a Day (1943)
Jane Eyre (1943)
Dishonored Lady (1947)
To the Ends of the Earth (1948)
I Married a Communist (1949)
Walk Softly, Stranger (1950)
My Forbidden Past (1951)
The Las Vegas Story (1952)
Johnny Tremain (1957)
Old Yeller (1957)
Darby O'Gill and the Little People (1959)
Kidnapped (1960)
The Absent-Minded Professor (1961)
In Search of the Castaways (1962)
Son of Flubber (1963)
The Misadventures of Merlin Jones (1964)
Mary Poppins (1964)
The Monkey's Uncle (1965)
That Darn Cat! (1965)
The Gnome-Mobile (1967)
Blackbeard's Ghost (1968)
The Love Bug (1968)
Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)
Herbie Rides Again (1974)
The Island at the Top of the World (1974)
One of Our Dinosaurs Is Missing (1975)
The Shaggy D.A. (1976)
[show]
v
t
e
Disney theatrical animated features
Walt Disney
Animation Studios
films
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
Pinocchio (1940)
Fantasia (1940)
Dumbo (1941)
Bambi (1942)
Saludos Amigos (1942)
The Three Caballeros (1944)
Make Mine Music (1946)
Fun and Fancy Free (1947)
Melody Time (1948)
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)
Cinderella (1950)
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
Peter Pan (1953)
Lady and the Tramp (1955)
Sleeping Beauty (1959)
One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)
The Sword in the Stone (1963)
The Jungle Book (1967)
The Aristocats (1970)
Robin Hood (1973)
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)
The Rescuers (1977)
The Fox and the Hound (1981)
The Black Cauldron (1985)
The Great Mouse Detective (1986)
Oliver & Company (1988)
The Little Mermaid (1989)
The Rescuers Down Under (1990)
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
Aladdin (1992)
The Lion King (1994)
Pocahontas (1995)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)
Hercules (1997)
Mulan (1998)
Tarzan (1999)
Fantasia 2000 (1999)
Dinosaur (2000)
The Emperor's New Groove (2000)
Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)
Lilo & Stitch (2002)
Treasure Planet (2002)
Brother Bear (2003)
Home on the Range (2004)
Chicken Little (2005)
Meet the Robinsons (2007)
Bolt (2008)
The Princess and the Frog (2009)
Tangled (2010)
Winnie the Pooh (2011)
Wreck-It Ralph (2012)
Frozen (2013)
Big Hero 6 (2014)
Zootopia (2016)
Moana (2016)
Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2 (2018)
Frozen 2 (2019)
Live-action films
with animation
The Reluctant Dragon (1941)
Victory Through Air Power (1943)
Song of the South (1946)
So Dear to My Heart (1948)
Mary Poppins (1964)
Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)
Pete's Dragon (1977)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
Enchanted (2007)
DisneyToon Studios
films
DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp (1990)
A Goofy Movie (1995)
The Tigger Movie (2000)
Return to Never Land (2002)
The Jungle Book 2 (2003)
Piglet's Big Movie (2003)
Pooh's Heffalump Movie (2005)
Bambi II (2006)
Planes (2013)
Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014)
Other Disney units films
The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993)
James and the Giant Peach (1996)
Doug's 1st Movie (1999)
Recess: School's Out (2001)
Teacher's Pet (2004)
A Christmas Carol (2009)
Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)
Mars Needs Moms (2011)
Frankenweenie (2012)
Strange Magic (2015)
Related lists
Unproduced films
Book
[show]
v
t
e
Walt Disney Animation Studios
[show]
List of feature films
Released
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
Pinocchio (1940)
Fantasia (1940)
Dumbo (1941)
Bambi (1942)
Saludos Amigos (1942)
The Three Caballeros (1944)
Make Mine Music (1946)
Fun and Fancy Free (1947)
Melody Time (1948)
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)
Cinderella (1950)
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
Peter Pan (1953)
Lady and the Tramp (1955)
Sleeping Beauty (1959)
One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)
The Sword in the Stone (1963)
The Jungle Book (1967)
The Aristocats (1970)
Robin Hood (1973)
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)
The Rescuers (1977)
The Fox and the Hound (1981)
The Black Cauldron (1985)
The Great Mouse Detective (1986)
Oliver & Company (1988)
The Little Mermaid (1989)
The Rescuers Down Under (1990)
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
Aladdin (1992)
The Lion King (1994)
Pocahontas (1995)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)
Hercules (1997)
Mulan (1998)
Tarzan (1999)
Fantasia 2000 (1999)
Dinosaur (2000)
The Emperor's New Groove (2000)
Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)
Lilo & Stitch (2002)
Treasure Planet (2002)
Brother Bear (2003)
Home on the Range (2004)
Chicken Little (2005)
Meet the Robinsons (2007)
Bolt (2008)
The Princess and the Frog (2009)
Tangled (2010)
Winnie the Pooh (2011)
Wreck-It Ralph (2012)
Frozen (2013)
Big Hero 6 (2014)
Zootopia (2016)
Moana (2016)
Upcoming films
Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2 (2018)
Frozen 2 (2019)
Associated productions
The Reluctant Dragon (1941)
Victory Through Air Power (1943)
Song of the South (1946)
So Dear to My Heart (1949)
Mary Poppins (1964)
Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)
Pete's Dragon (1977)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
Enchanted (2007)
[show]
People
Executives
Edwin Catmull
Roy Conli
Roy E. Disney
Walt Disney
Don Hahn
Jeffrey Katzenberg
John Lasseter
Peter Schneider
Thomas Schumacher
David Stainton
Disney's Nine Old Men
Les Clark
Marc Davis
Ollie Johnston
Milt Kahl
Ward Kimball
Eric Larson
John Lounsbery
Wolfgang Reitherman
Frank Thomas
[show]
Related topics
History
Disney animators' strike
Disney Renaissance
Methods and
technologies
12 basic principles of animation
Computer Animation Production System
Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life
Multiplane camera
Documentaries
Frank and Ollie (1995)
The Sweatbox (2001)
Dream On Silly Dreamer (2005)
Waking Sleeping Beauty (2009)
Other Disney
animation units
Disney Television Animation
DisneyToon Studios (WDAS unit)
Lucasfilm Animation
Marvel Animation
Pixar Animation Studios
Circle 7 (defunct)
Miscellaneous
Alice Comedies
Laugh-O-Gram Studio
List of Disney animated shorts
List of Disney theatrical animated features
unproduced
Oswald the Lucky Rabbit
Mickey Mouse (film series)
Silly Symphonies
Once Upon a Time
[show]
v
t
e
The Sherman Brothers
Richard M. Sherman
Robert B. Sherman
Motion pictures
The Parent Trap (1961)
The Absent-Minded Professor (1961)
Greyfriars Bobby (1961)
Bon Voyage! (1962)
A Symposium on Popular Songs (1962)
In Search of the Castaways (1962)
Big Red (1962)
Moon Pilot (1962)
Summer Magic (1963)
The Sword in the Stone (1963)
The Misadventures of Merlin Jones (1964)
The Moon-Spinners (1964)
Mary Poppins (1964)
Those Calloways (1965)
The Monkey's Uncle (1965)
That Darn Cat! (1965)
Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree (1966)
Follow Me Boys (1966)
The Happiest Millionaire (1967)
The Jungle Book (1967)
The Adventures of Bullwhip Griffin (1967)
The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band (1968)
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968)
Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day (1968)
The Aristocats (1970)
Goldilocks (1971)
Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)
Snoopy, Come Home (1972)
Charlotte's Web (1973)
Tom Sawyer (1973)
Huckleberry Finn (1974)
Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too (1974)
The Slipper and the Rose (1976)
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)
The Magic of Lassie (1978)
Magic Journeys (1982)
Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore (1983)
Little Nemo: Adventures in Slumberland (1992)
The Mighty Kong (1998)
Seasons of Giving (1999)
The Tigger Movie (2000)
Stage musicals
and musical revues
Victory Canteen (1971)
Over Here! (1974)
Dawgs (1983)
The Slipper and the Rose (1984)
Busker Alley (1994)
Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (2002)
On the Record (2004)
Mary Poppins (2004)
Merry-Go-Round workshop (2007)
A Spoonful of Sherman (2014)
Theme park
attractions
Golden Horseshoe Revue (1955)
King Arthur Carrousel (1955)
Walt Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room (1963)
It's a Small World (1966)
Adventure Thru Inner Space (1967)
Main Street Electrical Parade (1972)
America Sings (1974)
Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress (1975)
America on Parade (1975)
CommuniCore (1982)
Imagination! (1982)
Magic Journeys (1982)
The World Showcase March (1982)
Japan (Epcot) (1982)
Journey into Imagination (1983)
Meet the World (1983)
Innoventions (1998)
Rocket Rods (1998)
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1999)
Disneyland Forever (2015)
Books
Walt's Time: from before to beyond (1998)
Moose: Chapters From My Life (2013)
Related
The Boys: The Sherman Brothers' Story (2009)
Saving Mr. Banks (2013)
The Jungle Book (2016)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 210979770
GND: 7613477-5
SUDOC: 185864694
BNF: cb164574862 (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_Poppins_(film)&oldid=804383205"
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American nationalism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with American patriotism.
The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with USA and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
John Trumbull's famous painting is often identified as a depiction of the signing of the Declaration, but it actually shows the drafting committee presenting its work to the Congress.[1]
Flag of the United States
American nationalism or United States nationalism is a form of nationalism found in the United States.[2]
American scholars such as Hans Kohn have claimed that the United States government institutionalized a civic nationalism based on legal and rational concepts of citizenship, and based on a common language and cultural traditions, rather than ethnic nationalism.[2] The founders of the United States founded the country upon classical liberal individualist principles rather than ethnic nationalist principles.[2] American nationalism since World War I and particularly since the 1960s has largely been based upon the civic nationalist culture of the country's founders.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Civil War
1.2 Nationalism in the contemporary United States
2 See also
3 References
4 Further reading
History[edit]
Main article: History of the United States
The United States traces its origins to the Thirteen Colonies founded by Britain in the 17th and early 18th century. Residents identified with Britain until the mid-18th century when the first sense of being "American" emerged. The Albany Plan proposed a union between the colonies in 1754. Although unsuccessful, it served as a reference for future discussions of independence.
Soon afterward, the colonies faced several common grievances over acts passed by the British parliament, including taxation without representation. Americans were in general agreement that only their own colonial legislatures—and not Parliament in London—could pass taxes. Parliament vigorously insisted otherwise and no compromise was found. The London government punished Boston for the Boston Tea Party and the 13 colonies united and formed the Continental Congress, which lasted from 1774 to 1789. Fighting broke out in 1775 and the sentiment swung to independence in early 1776, influenced especially by the appeal to American nationalism by Thomas Paine. His pamphlet Common Sense was a runaway best seller in 1776.[4] Congress unanimously issued a Declaration of Independence announcing a new nation had formed, the United States of America. The American patriots won the American Revolutionary War and received generous peace terms from Britain in 1783. The minority of Loyalists (loyal to King George III) could remain or leave; about 80% remained and became full American citizens.[5] Frequent parades along with new rituals and ceremonies—and a new flag—provided popular occasions for expressing a spirit of American nationalism.[6]
The new nation operated under the very weak national government set up by the Articles of Confederation, and most Americans put loyalty to their state ahead of loyalty to the nation. Nationalists, led by George Washington, Alexander Hamilton and James Madison had Congress call a constitutional convention in 1787. It produced the Constitution for a strong national government which was debated in every state and unanimously adopted. It went into effect in 1789 with Washington as the first president.[7]
In an 1858 speech, future U.S. president Abraham Lincoln alluded to a form of American civic nationalism originating from the tenets of the Declaration of Independence as a force for national unity in the U.S., stating that it was a method for uniting diverse peoples of different ethnic ancestries into a common nationality:
If they look back through this history to trace their connection with those days by blood, they find they have none, they cannot carry themselves back into that glorious epoch and make themselves feel that they are part of us, but when they look through that old Declaration of Independence they find that those old men say that "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal", and then they feel that moral sentiment taught in that day evidences their relation to those men, that it is the father of all moral principle in them, and that they have a right to claim it as though they were blood of the blood, and flesh of the flesh of the men who wrote the Declaration, and so they are. That is the electric cord in that Declaration that links the hearts of patriotic and liberty-loving men together, that will link those patriotic hearts as long as the love of freedom exists in the minds of men throughout the world.
— Abraham Lincoln, address to Chicagoan voters, (July 10, 1858), Chicago, Illinois.[8]
Civil War[edit]
White Southerners increasingly felt alienated—they saw themselves as becoming second-class citizens as aggressive anti-slavery Northerners tried to end their ability to take slave property to the fast-growing western territories. They questioned whether their loyalty to the nation trumped their loyalty to their state and their way of life, since it was so intimately bound up with slavery, whether they owned any slaves or not. A sense of Southern nationalism was starting to emerge, though it was inchoate as late as 1860 when the election of Lincoln was a signal for most of the slave states in the South to secede and form their own new nation.[9] The Confederate government insisted the nationalism was real and imposed increasing burdens on the population in the name of independence and nationalism. The fierce combat record of the Confederates demonstrates their commitment to the death for independence. The government and army refused to compromise and were militarily overwhelmed in 1865.[10] By the 1890s the white South felt vindicated through its belief in the newly constructed memory of the "Lost Cause of the Confederacy". The North came to accept or at least tolerate racial segregation and disfranchisement of black voters in the South. The spirit of American nationalism had returned to Dixie.[11]
The North's triumph in the Civil War marked a significant transition in American national identity. The ratification of the Fourteenth amendment settled the basic question of national identity, such as the criteria for becoming a citizen of the United States. Everyone born in the territorial boundaries of the United States or those areas and subject to its jurisdiction was an American citizen, regardless of ethnicity or social status. (Indians on reservations became citizens in 1924. Indians off reservations had always been citizens.) [12]
With a very fast growing industrial economy, immigrants were welcome from Europe, Canada Mexico and Cuba, and millions came. Becoming a full citizen was an easy process of filling out paperwork over a five year span.[13]
However, new Asian arrivals were not welcome. Restrictions were imposed on most Chinese immigrants in the 1880s, and informal restrictions on most Japanese in 1907; by 1924 it was difficult for any Asian to enter the U.S., but children born in the U.S. to Asian parents were full citizens. The restrictions were ended on the Chinese in the 1940s and on other Asians in 1965.[14]
An 1869 Thomas Nast cartoon espousing American nationalism. In the cartoon, Americans of different ancestries and ethnic backgrounds sit together at a dinner table with Columbia to enjoy a Thanksgiving meal as equal members of the American citizenry, while Uncle Sam prepares and sets the table. Thus, the cartoon espouses an inclusive form of American nationalism that is civic in nature, where membership in the nation is not dependent upon ethnicity.[15][16]
Nationalism in the contemporary United States[edit]
Nationalism and Americanism remain topics in the modern United States. Political scientist Paul McCartney, for instance, argues that as a nation defined by a creed and sense of mission, Americans tend to equate their interests with those of humanity, which in turn informs their global posture.[17] In certain cases, it may be considered a form of ethnocentrism and American exceptionalism by those outside the United States.
The September 11 attacks of 2001 led to a wave of nationalist expression in the United States. This was accompanied by a rise in military enlistment that included not only lower-income Americans, but also middle-class and upper-class citizens.[18]
U.S. President Donald Trump has been described as a nationalist,[19] and has embraced the term himself.[20] Several current and former officials within his administration, including White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon,[21] Senior Advisor to the President Stephen Miller,[21] Deputy Assistant to the President Sebastian Gorka,[21] Special Assistant to the President Julia Hahn,[22] Deputy Assistant to the President for Strategic Communications Michael Anton,[23] Attorney General Jeff Sessions,[24] and National Security Advisor Michael Flynn[25] have been described as representing a "nationalist wing" within the federal government.[26]
In a February 2017 article in The Atlantic journalist Uri Friedman described "populist economic nationalist" as a new nationalist movement "modeled on the 'populism' of the 19th-century U.S. President Andrew Jackson" which was introduced in Trump's remarks to the Republican National Convention in a speech written by Stephen Miller and Steve Bannon. Miller had adopted Sessions' form of "nation-state populism" while working as his aid.[27] By September 2017, Greg Sargent, a journalist with the Washington Post observed that "Trump's nationalism" as "defined" by Bannon, Breitbart, Miller and "the rest of the 'populist economic nationalist' contingent around Trump", was beginning to have wavering support among Trump voters.[28]
Some conservatives, populists and Republican members of Congress have also been described as nationalists, such as U.S. Representative Steve King.[29]
Some commonly identified American nationalist political commentators include Ann Coulter,[30] Alex Jones,[31] Laura Ingraham,[30] Michael Savage,[32] Tucker Carlson,[33] and Mike Cernovich.[34]
See also[edit]
United States portal
Alt-right
Radical right (United States)
New Nationalism (21st century)
Paleoconservatism
Right-wing populism
American exceptionalism
American patriotism
American System (economic plan)
Assimilation (sociology)
Melting pot
Patriotism
Salad bowl
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Wills, Inventing America, 348.
^ Jump up to: a b c Motyl 2001, p. 16.
Jump up ^ Motyl 2001, pp. 558, 559.
Jump up ^ Trish Loughran, "Disseminating Common Sense: Thomas Paine and the Problem of the Early National Bestseller." American Literature 78.1 (2006): 1–28.
Jump up ^ Max Savelle, "Nationalism and other Loyalties in the American Revolution." American Historical Review 67.4 (1962): 901–23 in JSTOR
Jump up ^ David Waldstreicher, "Rites of rebellion, rites of assent: Celebrations, print culture, and the origins of American nationalism." Journal of American History 82.1 (1995): 37–61. in JSTOR
Jump up ^ Edward J. Larson, George Washington, Nationalist (U of Virginia Press, 2016).
Jump up ^ Address to Chicagoan voters (July 10, 1858); quoted in Roy P. Basler, ed., The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (1953), vol 2 p. 501.
Jump up ^ John McCardell, The Idea of a Southern Nation: Southern Nationalists and Southern Nationalism, 1830–1860 (1979).
Jump up ^ Paul Quigley, Shifting Grounds: Nationalism and the American South, 1848–1865 (2012)
Jump up ^ Gaines M. Foster, Ghosts of the Confederacy: Defeat, the Lost Cause and the Emergence of the New South, 1865–1913 (1988).
Jump up ^ Charles E. Larsen, "Nationalism and States' Rights in Commentaries on the Constitution after the Civil War." American Journal of Legal History 3.4 (1959): 360–69. in JSTOR
Jump up ^ Thomas J. Archdeacon, European Immigration from the Colonial Era to the 1920s: A Historical Perspective (2000) online.
Jump up ^ Erika Lee, "The 'Yellow Peril' and Asian Exclusion in the Americas." Pacific Historical Review 76.4 (2007): 537–62. in JSTOR
Jump up ^ Kennedy, Robert C. (November 2001). "Uncle Sam's Thanksgiving Dinner, Artist: Thomas Nast". On This Day: HarpWeek. The New York Times Company. Archived from the original on November 23, 2001. Retrieved November 23, 2001.
Jump up ^ Walfred, Michele (July 2014). "Uncle Sam's Thanksgiving Dinner: Two Coasts, Two Perspectives". Thomas Nast Cartoons. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved March 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ McCartney, Paul (August 28, 2002). The Bush Doctrine and American Nationalism. Annual meeting of the American Political Science Association. American Political Science Association. McCartney-2002. Retrieved 2011-02-06.
Jump up ^ "The Demographics of Military Enlistment After 9/11".
Jump up ^ "Trump visits Poland and not everyone is happy about it". USA Today. July 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Trump: I Am A Nationalist In A True Sense". RealClearPolitics. February 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Trump pressured to dump nationalist wing". The Hill. August 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Breitbart writer expected to join White House staff". Politico. January 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Populist Nationalist on Trump's National Security Council". The Atlantic. March 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "State? Colony? To Jeff Sessions, Hawaii is Just 'an Island in the Pacific'". TeleSUR. April 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Alt-Right and Glenn Greenwald Versus H.R. McMaster". New York Magazine. August 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The White House struggle between Stephen Bannon and H.R. McMaster is apparently coming to a head". The Week. August 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Friedman, Uri (February 27, 2017). "What is a populist? And is Donald Trump one?". The Atlantic. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sargent, Greg (September 15, 2017). "Trump’s top supporters are in a full-blown panic. They’re right to be afraid". Retrieved September 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Steve King ingests the poison of nationalist ideology". March 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Brownstein, Ronald. "Why Trump's Agenda Is Tilting in a More Conventional Direction".
Jump up ^ "Donald Trump still calls Alex Jones for advice, claims the InfoWars founder and far right conspiracy theorist". The Independent.
Jump up ^ "Misunderstood Nationalist — Understanding Michael Savage". National Summary. Archived from the original on January 22, 2008. Retrieved June 24, 2009.
Jump up ^ Coppins, McKay. "Tucker Carlson: The Bow-Tied Bard of Populism".
Jump up ^ Stack, Liam (5 April 2017). "Who Is Mike Cernovich? A Guide" – via www.nytimes.com.
Further reading[edit]
Arieli, Yehoshua. Individualism and nationalism in American ideology (Harvard University Press, 1964).
Bonikowski, Bart, and Paul DiMaggio. "Varieties of American popular nationalism." American Sociological Review (2016) 81#5 pp. 949–80 online
"French anti-Americanism: Spot the difference". The Economist. December 20, 2005.
Faust, Drew G. The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South (LSU Press, 1988).
Kramer, Lloyd S. Nationalism in Europe and America: Politics, Cultures, and Identities since 1775 (2011).
Lawson, Melinda. Patriot Fires: Forging a New American Nationalism in the Civil War North (University Press of Kansas, 2002).
Li, Qiong, and Marilynn Brewer. "What Does It Mean to Be an American? Patriotism, Nationalism, and American Identity after September 11." Political Psychology (2004). 25(5): 727–39
Motyl, Alexander J. (2001). Encyclopedia of Nationalism, Volume II. Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-227230-7.
Maguire, Susan E. "Brother Jonathan and John Bull build a nation: the transactional nature of American nationalism in the early nineteenth century." National Identities 18.2 (2016): 179–98.
Quigley, Paul. Shifting Grounds: Nationalism and the American South, 1848-1865 (2012)
Trautsch, Jasper M. "The origins and nature of American nationalism," National Identities (Sep 2016) 18#3 pp. 289–312.
Waldstreicher, David. In the midst of perpetual fetes: The making of American nationalism, 1776–1820 (U of North Carolina Press, 1997).
Zelinsky, Wilbur. Nation into State: The Shifting Symbolic Foundations of American Nationalism (U of North Carolina Press, 1988).
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