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List of largest employers
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The largest employers in the world include companies, militaries, and governments.
Contents
1 Largest employers
2 Largest private and semiprivate employers
3 Notes
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Largest employers[edit]
Public companies and institutions are included in this list:
Employees
Employer
2015[1]
2010[2][3]
Headquarters
United States Department of Defense 2.86 million[4] United States
People's Liberation Army 2.52 million[5] China
Walmart 2.3 million[6] United States
McDonald's[note 1] 1.9 million 1.7 million United States
National Health Service 1.7 million 1.4 million United Kingdom
China National Petroleum Corporation 1.5 million 1.7 million China
State Grid Corporation of China 1.5 million 1.6 million China
Indian Railways 1.4 million 1.3 million India
Indian Armed Forces 1.3 million India
Hon Hai Precision Industry (Foxconn) 1.2 million 0.8 million Taiwan[7]
Largest private and semiprivate employers[edit]
The rankings below are the ten private-sector companies providing the most jobs worldwide, according to the 2017 list compiled by Fortune magazine.[8]
Private and semipublic companies with the most employees in the world
Rank
Employer
Country
Employees
1 Walmart United States 2,300,000
2 China National Petroleum China 1,512,048
3 China Post Group China 941,211
4 State Grid China 926,067
5 Hon Hai Precision Industry Taiwan 803,126[9]
6 Sinopec Group China 713,288
7 Tata Group India 695,000
8 Volkswagen Germany 626,715
9 United States Postal Service United States 574,359
10 Compass Group GBR 527,180
11 Agricultural Bank of China China 501,368
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ including franchise employees
See also[edit]
Fortune Global 500
Forbes Global 2000
List of multinational corporations
List of largest European manufacturing companies by revenue
List of largest financial services companies by revenue
List of the largest software companies
List of largest Internet companies
List of the largest information technology companies
List of private equity firms
List of largest companies by revenue
List of public corporations by market capitalization
List of companies by profit and loss
List of professions
List of types of tradesman
Lists of companies – company-related list articles on Wikipedia
List of largest employers in the United States
List of wealthiest organizations
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The World's Biggest Employers". Forbes.com. Forbes. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Employment: Defending jobs - The Economist". 2011-09-12. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
Jump up ^ IISS 2012, pp. 243–248
Jump up ^ "President Signs Fiscal 2019 Defense Authorization Act at Fort Drum Ceremony". Department of Defense. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
Jump up ^ International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 February 2018). The Military Balance 2018. Routledge. pp. 249–259. ISBN 978-1-85743-955-7.
Jump up ^ "Walmart Locations Around the World – United States". Archived from the original on September 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ "9 Most Largest Companies – by employee number". most09.com. March 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Fortune Global 500 List 2017: See Who Made It". Fortune.
Jump up ^ "Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd" (PDF). Foxconn.com. Retrieved 2017-07-27.
External links[edit]
Fortune Global 500
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_largest_employers&oldid=865596257"
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Drought tolerance
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Sedum is a drought tolerant plant whose specific adaptations include succulence and a waxy surface on its leaves and stems.
Drought tolerance is the degree to which a plant is adapted to arid or drought conditions. Desiccation tolerance is an extreme degree of drought tolerance.[1] Plants naturally adapted to dry conditions are called xerophytes.
Contents
[hide]
1 Adaptations to dry conditions
2 Importance for agriculture
3 Importance in horticulture
4 See also
5 References
Adaptations to dry conditions[edit]
Main article: Xerophyte
Drought tolerant plants typically make use of either C4 carbon fixation or crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to fix carbon during photosynthesis. Both are improvements over the more common but more basal C3 pathway in that they are more energy efficient. CAM is particularly good for arid conditions because carbon dioxide can be taken up at night, allowing the stomata to stay closed during the heat of the day and thus reducing water loss.[2]
Many adaptations for dry conditions are structural, including the following:
Adaptations of the stomata to reduce water loss, such as reduced numbers or waxy surfaces.
Water storage in succulent above-ground parts or water-filled tubers.
Adaptations in the root system to increase water absorption.
Trichomes (small hairs) on the leaves to absorb atmospheric water.
Importance for agriculture[edit]
Arid conditions can lower the yield of many crops. Plant breeding programs for improved yield during drought conditions have great economic importance, and these programs may be broad in scope. For example, one study on soybeans currently being conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture is scheduled to span several years, with research taking place across that country, and has among its goals the identification of specific mechanism by which soybeans resist wilting and of the specific genes for drought tolerance.[3]
Importance in horticulture[edit]
In landscapes in arid or drought-prone regions, drought tolerance is an important consideration in plant selection. Xeriscaping is an approach to landscaping first developed in Denver, Colorado, a region with hot, dry summers. The use of drought tolerant plants is essential to a successful xeriscape, which ideally requires no supplemental irrigation.
See also[edit]
Climate change mitigation
Adaptation to global warming
Breeding for drought stress tolerance
Breeding for heat stress tolerance
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ars | Publication Request: Evolutionary Linkage Between Drought And Vegetative Desiccation Tolerance In Plants
Jump up ^ Botany online: Photosynthesis - C3, C4 and CAM. Regulation of The Activity Archived July 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ ARS Project: Drought Stress Tolerance for the Midwest and South; Soybean Variety Improvement (Continuation) (409278)
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Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
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The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or Republic Act No. 9165 is a consolidation of Senate Bill No. 1858 and House Bill No. 4433. It was enacted and passed by the Senate of the Philippines and House of Representatives of the Philippines on May 30, 2002 and May 29, 2002, respectively. It was signed into law by President [Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo] on January 23, 2002.
This Act repealed the Republic Act No. 6425, otherwise known as the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, as amended, and providing funds for its implementation. Under this Act, the Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) remains as the policy-making and strategy-formulating body in planning and formulation of policies and program on drug prevention and control.
It also created the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) under the Office of the President, which serves as the implementing arm of the DDB, shall be responsible for the efficient and effective ambt...law enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals as provided in this Act.
Article II Unlawful Acts and Penalties
• Section 4 –Importation of Dangerous Drugs –Penalty Life Imprisonment to death with fine of P500,000 to P10,000,000.
• Section 5 –Sale Trading, Admin Station, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution
See also[edit]
Illegal drug trade in the Philippines
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Republic Act No. 9165, the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
Republic Act No. 6425, the Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comprehensive_Dangerous_Drugs_Act_of_2002&oldid=815358037"
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Memory development
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The development of memory in children becomes evident within the first 3 years of a child's life as they show considerable advances in declarative memory. This enhancement continues into adolescence with major developments in short term memory, working memory, long term memory and autobiographical memory.[1]
Recent research on the development of memory has indicated that declarative, or explicit memory, may exist in infants who are even younger than two years old. For example, newborns who are less than 3 days old demonstrate a preference for their mother’s own voice.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Development
2 Working Memory
2.1 Central Executive
2.2 Phonological Loop
2.3 Visuospatial Sketchpad
3 Long Term Memory
3.1 Infants
3.2 Pre-school Children
3.3 School Age Children
4 Episodic Memory
5 Autobiographical Memory
5.1 Childhood Amnesia
5.1.1 Cognitive Self
5.1.2 Social Cultural Influences
6 Memory Strategies
6.1 Metamemory
6.1.1 Preschool Children
6.1.2 By age 7
6.1.3 Late Elementary School
6.1.4 Early Adolescence
7 References
Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Development[edit]
Declarative memory develops very rapidly throughout the first 2 years of life; infants of this age show evidence of cognitive development in many ways (e.g., increased attention, language acquisition, increasing knowledge). There is a difference in the brain development of explicit and implicit memory in infants. Implicit memory is controlled by an early-developing memory system in the brain that is present very early on, and can be explained by the early maturation of striatum, cerebellum, and brain stem, which are all involved in implicit learning and memory.[3]
Development of explicit memory depends on a later developing memory system in the brain that reaches maturity between 8 and 10 months of age. Explicit memory depends heavily on structures in the medial temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and the parahippocampal cortex. Much of the brain system is formed before birth, however the dentate gyrus within the hippocampal formation has about 70% of the number of cells in adults.[4]
Rapid myelination of axons within the central nervous system occurs during first year of life which can dramatically increase the efficiency and speed of transmission in neurons. This can explain the higher processing speed of older infants as compared to younger ones.[5]
Working Memory[edit]
According to Baddeley's model of working memory, working memory is composed of three parts. First is the central executive which is responsible for a range of regulatory functions including attention, the control of action, and problem solving. Second, the phonological loop, which is specialized for the manipulation and retention of material in particular informational domains. Finally, the visuospatial sketchpad stores material in terms of its visual or spatial features. The strength of the relationships between the three components of working memory vary; the central executive is strongly linked with both the phonological loop as well as the visuospatial sketchpad which are both independent of each other. Some evidence indicates linear increases in performance of working memory from age 3-4 years through to adolescence.[6][7][8][9][10]
Central Executive[edit]
In children from 2-4, the memory storage capacity limitation constrains complex comprehension processes. As the child grows older however, less processing is necessary which opens more storage space for memory.[11][12][13]
Phonological Loop[edit]
Evidence indicates linear increases in performance from age 4 years through to adolescence. Prior to about 7 years of age, serial recall performance is mediated by the phonological store which is one component of the phonological loop. Preschool aged children do not use a subvocal rehearsal strategy to maintain decaying phonological representations in the store but instead they identify visual features of pictures in order to remember them. This is evident first by watching children for overt sign of rehearsal (for example lip movement) and second if the child is given nameable pictures, there are no differences in retrieval found for long versus short words. At the age of seven, children begin to use a subvocal rehearsal process to maximize retention in the phonological store. As development continues, nonauditory memory material is recoded into a phonological code suitable for the phonological loop when possible.[11]
Visuospatial Sketchpad[edit]
Younger children (under the age of 5) may be more dependent than older children or adults on using the visuospatial sketchpad to support immediate memory for visual material. Older children adopt a strategy of verbally recoding pictures where possible and also use the phonological loop to mediate performance of the “visual” memory task. Between the ages of 5 and 11, visual memory span increases substantially and it is at this point when adult levels of performance are reached.[11][10][13]
Long Term Memory[edit]
Explicit memory becomes much better over the developmental years. However, there are small effects of age on implicit memory, which could be because implicit memory involves more basic processes than declarative memory which would make it less affected by a child's developing cognitive skills and abilities.[citation needed]
Infants[edit]
Infants who are 5 months or older are able to use emotions to influence their memories. However, at this age, infants will be more likely to remember things that were characterized by positive emotions. The way that researchers study the memory capabilities of infants in this age range is through measuring eye movements between test images presented. After doing this initial round of testing, the researchers would conduct follow-up tests both 5 minutes later and one day later. The follow-up tests shown to the infants included two geometric shapes: one from the original test, and a new shape. The researchers were able to record how long the infants looked at the images in the follow-up tests and measured how long the infants stared at each shape. The infants were more likely to gaze at the geometric shapes from the original tests if they had been paired with positive voices than if they had been paired with neutral or negative voices. This study indicated that infants at this age would be able to better remember shapes and patterns of things if they were associated with positive emotions because positivity would increase the infants' interest and attention.[14]
Pre-school Children[edit]
Infants at as early as 7-months-old can conceptually differentiate between categories such as animals and vehicles. Although infants’ concepts may be crude by adult standards, they still allow infants to make meaningful semantic distinctions. An example is that infants can differentiate between items belonging to a kitchen and those items belonging to a bathroom.[15] At the very least, these categories lay a foundation for early knowledge development, organizing information in storage and influence future encoding. Infants from 16 months old are able to draw on their semantic knowledge in generalization and inference. This knowledge can also be used by older toddlers, 24-month-olds, to facilitate acquisition and retention of new information. Their knowledge of causal ordering of events can be used to help to recall the sequence of events.[citation needed]
Knowledge itself will not alter retention performance, rather how well that knowledge is structured will alter performance. Better retention was shown with information that had greater cohesion and more elaborative elements. Familiarity and repetition of an experience can also influence the organization of information in storage for preschoolers and older children.[16] Children who experienced an event twice recalled the event better 3 months later than did children who only experienced it once and showed equally good recall at 3 months compared to recall at 2 weeks after experiences.[citation needed]
School Age Children[edit]
Age differences in memory are attributed to age-correlated growth in the foundation of knowledge. What children know affects what they encode, how that information is organized in storage, and the manner in which it’s retrieved. The greater the background knowledge about the to-be-encoded information, the better that the information is remembered.[16] Because older children have more knowledge than younger children, older children perform better than younger children in most memory tasks. When familiarity and meaningfulness of material were equated across age, developmental differences in memory performance was no longer a factor.[citation needed]
Children’s use of memory strategies and the development of metamemory skills are also instrumental in age-related changes in memory, particularly later in childhood years.[17] Knowledge influences memory by affecting retrieval, by facilitating spread of activation among related items in memory and by facilitating the use of strategies. Knowledge also provides better elaboration of information which can strengthen its storage in memory.[citation needed]
Episodic Memory[edit]
By school age, the typical child shows skill in recalling details of past experiences and in organizing those details into a narrative form with cohesion. Memories formed at this age and beyond are more likely to stand the test of time over the years and be recalled in adulthood, compared to earlier memories. Young children can sometimes retain information from specific episodes over very long periods of time, but the particular information a child of a particular age is likely to retain over different periods of time is unpredictable. This depends on the nature of the memory event and individual differences in the child such as gender, parental style of communication, and language ability.[16]
Autobiographical Memory[edit]
The amount of information that is able to be recalled depends on the child’s age at the time of the event. Children at the age of 1-2 can recall personal events, though only in fragments when questioned several months later. Two-year-old children form autobiographical memories and remember them over periods of at least several months.[16]
Difficulty in assessing memory in young children can be attributed to their level of language skills; this is because memory tests usually occur in the form of a verbal report. It is unclear whether performance on memory assessments is due to poor memory for the event or to the inability to express what they remember in words. However, memory tests assessing performance with a nonverbal photograph recognition test and behavioral re-enactment showed that children had signs of recall from 27 months, as opposed to 33 months using verbal recall testing.[18]
Childhood Amnesia[edit]
Infantile amnesia is the tendency to have few autobiographical memories from below the age of 2-4.This can be attributed to lack of memory rehearsal; young children do not engage in rehearsal of remembered information. There are two theoretical explanations for why this may occur; although they take different approaches, they are not mutually exclusive of each other.[19] The development of a cognitive self is also thought by some to have an effect on encoding and storing early memories.[20][21][22]
Cognitive Self[edit]
Autobiographical memories can only begin to form after infants have developed a sense of self to whom events having personal significance can occur.[23] Evidence of a sense of self develops towards the end of the second year of life, in between 21 and 24 months of age. The development of a cognitive self provides a new framework from which memories can be organized. With this cognitive advancement, we see the emergence of autobiographical memory and the end of infantile amnesia.[24]
Social Cultural Influences[edit]
Language and culture play central roles in the early development of autobiographical memory. The manner in which parents discuss the past with their children and how elaborative they are in reminiscing affects how the child encodes the memory. Children whose parents talk in detail about the past are being provided with good opportunities to rehearse their memories. The parents’ use of language at the time in which the event occurred can also play a factor in how the child remembers the episode. Cultural differences in parenting styles and parent-child relationships can contribute to autobiographical memory at an early age.[25]
Memory Strategies[edit]
Memory strategies are ways in which individuals can organize the information that they are processing in order to enhance recall in the future. Memory strategies that are helpful may include but are not limited to verbal rehearsal or mnemonics. The use of memory strategies varies in both the types of strategies used as well as the effectiveness of the strategies used across different age groups.[26]
Metamemory[edit]
As children grow older, they show increasing evidence of metamemory which is the knowledge about their memory and how it works.[1] There is strong evidence that suggests that greater awareness and knowledge about ones memory leads to increased use of memory strategies and greater levels of recall.[27]
In children under 7, the relationship between metamemory, strategy use, and recall is generally very weak or absent. This can be seen when comparing older children (over the age of 7) and preschool children on sorting tasks where children are asked to sort objects into groups that go together (for example animals)and attempt to recall them.[28][29]
Preschool Children[edit]
Preschool children use simple tactics for remembering but do not use mental strategies and do not typically differentiate memory and perception. In order to remember objects, they tend to verbally name or visually inspect items and use memory strategies intermittently or inconsistently even if they are aware of how they can improve recall.[27] Memory Strategies are used more consistently by children if they are reminded and taught to use them each time they are processing something that should be remembered.[30]
By age 7[edit]
By the age of 7, the awareness of the benefits of memory strategies in learning generally arises. The goal is for children to recognize the advantage of using memory strategies such as categorizing rather than simply looking or naming.[31][29]
At this age, children spontaneously use rehearsal to enhance short-term memory performance and retrieval strategies begin to be used spontaneously without the guidance of others.[30]
Late Elementary School[edit]
In late elementary school, children engage in self-directed use of organization and demonstrate the ability to impose a semantic structure on the to-be-remembered items to guide memory performance. For example, if a child is packing their bag for school they can go through each part of their day and think of each item that they need to pack.[30] Children at this age understand the advantages of using memory strategies and make use of strategies like categorization over looking or naming if they are instructed to think about learning strategies prior to learning.[31]
Early Adolescence[edit]
In early adolescence, children begin to use elaborative rehearsal meaning that items are not simply kept in mind but rather are processed more deeply. They also prefer to use memory strategies such as categorization rather than simple rehearsal, looking or naming and use these strategies without needing to think about memory strategies prior to learning.[31]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Siegler, R. S. (1998). Children's Thinking (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-397910-5. [page needed]
Jump up ^ DeCasper, A.; Fifer, W. (1980). "Of human bonding: newborns prefer their mothers' voices". Science. 208 (4448): 1174–6. Bibcode:1980Sci...208.1174D. doi:10.1126/science.7375928. PMID 7375928.
Jump up ^ Schacter, D.; Moscovitch, M. (1984). "Infants, amnesiacs, and dissociable memory". In Moscovitch, M. Infant Memory. New York: Plenum. pp. 173–209.
Jump up ^ Richmond, Jenny; Nelson, Charles A. (2007). "Accounting for change in declarative memory: A cognitive neuroscience perspective". Developmental Review. 27 (3): 349–373. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.04.002. PMC 2094108  . PMID 18769510.
Jump up ^ Webb, Sara J.; Long, Jeffrey D.; Nelson, Charles A. (2005). "A longitudinal investigation of visual event-related potentials in the first year of life". Developmental Science. 8 (6): 605–16. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2005.00452.x. PMID 16246251.
Jump up ^ Baddeley, A. D.; Hitch, G. (1974). "Working memory". In Bower, G. The psychology of learning and motivation. 8. New York: Academic Press. pp. 47–90.
Jump up ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=MB_PBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA218&lpg=PA218&dq=The+development+of+a+cognitive+self+is+also+thought+by+some+to+have+an+effect+on+encoding+and+storing+early+memories&source=bl&ots=sSw1xhUFaY&sig=tGznp7eKE58c--jLd1Mo0FF6lG0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwit0Ij03u7LAhWCOSYKHfMUCdUQ6AEIKDAC#v=onepage&q=The%20development%20of%20a%20cognitive%20self%20is%20also%20thought%20by%20some%20to%20have%20an%20effect%20on%20encoding%20and%20storing%20early%20memories&f=false[full citation needed]
Jump up ^ Eacott, Madeline J. (1999). "Memory for the Events of Early Childhood". Current Directions in Psychological Science. 8 (2): 46–8. doi:10.1111/1467-8721.00011. JSTOR 20182556.
Jump up ^ Bauer, Patricia J.; Larkina, Marina (2014). "Childhood amnesia in the making: Different distributions of autobiographical memories in children and adults". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 143 (2): 597–611. doi:10.1037/a0033307.
^ Jump up to: a b Joseph, Rhawn (2003). "Emotional trauma and childhood amnesia". Consciousness & Emotion. 4 (2): 151–79. doi:10.1075/ce.4.2.02jos.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gathercole, Susan E. (1998). "The Development of Memory". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 39 (1): 3–27. doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00301. PMID 9534084.
Jump up ^ Eacott, M. J.; Crawley, R. A. (1998). "The offset of childhood amnesia: Memory for events that occurred before age 3". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 127 (1): 22–33. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.127.1.22. PMID 9503650.
^ Jump up to: a b Jack, Fiona; Hayne, Harlene (2007). "Eliciting adults' earliest memories: Does it matter how we ask the question?". Memory. 15 (6): 647–63. doi:10.1080/09658210701467087. PMID 17654279.
Jump up ^ Flom, Ross; Janis, Rebecca B.; Garcia, Darren J.; Kirwan, C. Brock (2014). "The effects of exposure to dynamic expressions of affect on 5-month-olds' memory". Infant Behavior and Development. 37 (4): 752–9. doi:10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.09.006. PMID 25459793.
Jump up ^ Mandler, Jean M.; Fivush, Robyn; Reznick, J. Steven (1987). "The development of contextual categories". Cognitive Development. 2 (4): 339–54. doi:10.1016/S0885-2014(87)80012-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Fivush, Robyn; Gray, Jacquelyn T.; Fromhoff, Fayne A. (1987). "Two-year-old talk about the past". Cognitive Development. 2 (4): 393–409. doi:10.1016/S0885-2014(87)80015-1.
Jump up ^ O’Sullivan, Julia T.; Howe, Mark L. (1998). "A different view of metamemory with illustrations from children's beliefs about long-term retention". European Journal of Psychology of Education. 13 (1): 9–28. doi:10.1007/BF03172810. JSTOR 23420104.
Jump up ^ Simcock, Gabrielle; Hayne, Harlene (2003). "Age-related changes in verbal and nonverbal memory during early childhood". Developmental Psychology. 39 (5): 805–14. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.39.5.805. PMID 12952395.
Jump up ^ Robinson-Riegler; Robinson-Riegler, Bridget; Gregory (2012). Cognitive Psychology: Applying the Science of the Mind (Third ed.). 75 Arlington Street, Suite 300, Boston, MA: Pearson Education Inc. as Allyn & Bacon. pp. 272–276; 295–296; 339–346. ISBN 0-205-17674-7.
Jump up ^ Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science, Cognitive Processes[full citation needed]
Jump up ^ Loftus, Elizabeth F. (1993). "Desperately seeking memories of the first few years of childhood: The reality of early memories". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 122 (2): 274–7. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.2.274. PMID 8315402.
Jump up ^ Usher, JoNell A.; Neisser, Ulric (1993). "Childhood amnesia and the beginnings of memory for four early life events". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 122 (2): 155–65. doi:10.1037/0096-3445.122.2.155. PMID 8315398.
Jump up ^ Howe, Mark L.; Courage, Mary L. (1997). "The emergence and early development of autobiographical memory". Psychological Review. 104 (3): 499–523. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.104.3.499. PMID 9243962.
Jump up ^ Lewis, Michael; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne (1979). "Toward a theory of social cognition: The development of self". New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development. 1979 (4): 1–20. doi:10.1002/cd.23219790403.
Jump up ^ Fivush, Robyn; Nelson, Katherine (2004). "Culture and Language in the Emergence of Autobiographical Memory". Psychological Science. 15 (9): 573–7. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00722.x. JSTOR 40064143. PMID 15327626.
Jump up ^ Miller, Patricia H. (1994). "Individual differences in children's strategic behaviors: Utilization deficiencies". Learning and Individual Differences. 6 (3): 285–307. doi:10.1016/1041-6080(94)90019-1.
^ Jump up to: a b Henry, Lucy A. (1996). "The Relationships between Memory Performance, Use of Simple Memory Strategies and Metamemory in Young Children". International Journal of Behavioral Development. 19 (1): 177–200. doi:10.1080/016502596386018.
Jump up ^ Schneider, Wolfgang (1985). "Developmental Trends in the Metamemory-memory behavior Relationship: An Integrated Review". Metacognition, cognition and human performance. 1: 57–109.
^ Jump up to: a b Tiedemann, Joachim (2000). "Parents' gender stereotypes and teachers' beliefs as predictors of children's concept of their mathematical ability in elementary school". Journal of Educational Psychology. 92 (1): 144–51. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.92.1.144.
^ Jump up to: a b c Paris, Scott G.; Newman, Richard S.; McVey, Kelly A. (1982). "Learning the functional significance of mnemonic actions: A microgenetic study of strategy acquisition". Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 34 (3): 490–509. doi:10.1016/0022-0965(82)90073-X.
^ Jump up to: a b c Justice, Elaine M. (1985). "Categorization as a preferred memory strategy: Developmental changes during elementary school". Developmental Psychology. 21 (6): 1105–10. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.21.6.1105.
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text:
List of Major League Baseball runs records
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Players denoted in boldface are still actively contributing to the record noted.
(r) denotes a player's rookie season.
Contents
[hide]
1 1800+ career runs scored
1.1 Active players with 1500+ runs scored
2 Top 10 career runs scored leaders by league
3 155 runs scored in one season
4 Seven or more seasons with 120 runs scored
4.1 Five or more consecutive seasons with 120 runs scored
5 Eleven or more seasons with 100 runs scored
5.1 Nine or more consecutive seasons with 100 runs scored
6 League leader in runs scored, 5 or more seasons
6.1 League leader in runs scored, 3 or more consecutive seasons
6.2 League leader in runs scored, both leagues
6.3 League leader in runs scored, three different teams
7 6 runs scored by an individual in one game
8 1000 runs scored by a team in one season
9 One or more runs scored in each inning of a game
10 Notes
11 References
12 See also
1800+ career runs scored[edit]
Player
Runs[1]
Teams and seasons
Rickey Henderson 2295 Oakland Athletics (1979–84, 89–93, 94–95, 98), New York Yankees (1985–89), Toronto Blue Jays (1993), San Diego Padres (1996–97, 2001), Anaheim Angels (1997), New York Mets (1999–2000), Seattle Mariners (2000), Boston Red Sox (2002), Los Angeles Dodgers (2003)
Ty Cobb 2245 Detroit Tigers (1905–26), Philadelphia Athletics (1927–28)
Barry Bonds 2227 Pittsburgh Pirates (1986–92), San Francisco Giants (1993–2007)
Babe Ruth 2174 Boston Red Sox (1914–19), New York Yankees (1920–34), Boston Braves (1935)
Hank Aaron 2174 Mil-Atl Braves (1954–74), Milwaukee Brewers (1975–76)
Pete Rose 2165 Cincinnati Reds (1963–78, 84–86), Philadelphia Phillies (1979–83), Montréal Expos (1984)
Willie Mays 2062 NY-SF Giants (1951–52, 54–72), New York Mets (1972–73)
Alex Rodriguez 2002 Seattle Mariners (1994–2000), Texas Rangers (2001–03), New York Yankees (2004–2016)
Cap Anson 1999 Rockford Forest Citys (1871), Philadelphia Athletics (1872–75), Chicago Cubs (1876–97)
Stan Musial 1949 St. Louis Cardinals (1941–44, 46–63)
Derek Jeter 1923 New York Yankees (1995–2014)
Lou Gehrig 1888 New York Yankees (1923–39)
Tris Speaker 1882 Boston Red Sox (1907–15), Cleveland Indians (1916–26), Washington Senators (1927), Philadelphia Athletics (1928)
Mel Ott 1859 New York Giants (1926–47)
Craig Biggio 1844 Houston Astros (1988–2007)
Frank Robinson 1829 Cincinnati Reds (1956–65), Baltimore Orioles (1966–71), Los Angeles Dodgers (1972), California Angels (1973–74), Cleveland Indians (1974–76)
Eddie Collins 1821 Philadelphia Athletics (1906–14, 27–30), Chicago White Sox (1915–26)
Carl Yastrzemski 1816 Boston Red Sox (1961–83)
Active players with 1500+ runs scored[edit]
(as of through 2017)
Player
Runs
Teams and seasons
Albert Pujols 1723 St. Louis Cardinals (2001–2011), Los Angeles Angels (2012–present)
Top 10 career runs scored leaders by league[edit]
American League Player
Runs
National League Player
Runs
Ty Cobb 2245 Barry Bonds 2227
Babe Ruth 2161 Pete Rose 2165
Alex Rodriguez 2002 Hank Aaron 2107
Rickey Henderson 1939 Willie Mays 2062
Derek Jeter 1923 Stan Musial 1949
Lou Gehrig 1888 Mel Ott 1859
Tris Speaker 1882 Craig Biggio 1844
Eddie Collins 1821 Honus Wagner 1736
Carl Yastrzemski 1816 Cap Anson 1719
Ted Williams 1798 Paul Waner 1626
155 runs scored in one season[edit]
Player
Runs
Team[2]
Season
Billy Hamilton 192 Philadelphia Phillies 1894
Babe Ruth 177 New York Yankees 1921
Lou Gehrig 167 New York Yankees 1936
Billy Hamilton 166 Philadelphia Phillies 1895
Arlie Latham 163 St. Louis Cardinals (AA) 1887
Babe Ruth 163 New York Yankees 1928
Lou Gehrig 163 New York Yankees 1931
Hugh Duffy 160 Boston Beaneaters 1894
Bobby Lowe 158 Boston Beaneaters 1894
Babe Ruth 158 New York Yankees 1920
Babe Ruth 158 New York Yankees 1927
Chuck Klein 158 Philadelphia Phillies 1930
Rogers Hornsby 156 Chicago Cubs 1929
King Kelly 155 Chicago White Stockings 1886
Kiki Cuyler 155 Chicago Cubs 1930
Seven or more seasons with 120 runs scored[edit]
Player
Seasons
Seasons and teams
Lou Gehrig[3] 12 1926–37 (New York Yankees)
Babe Ruth[4] 11 1920–21, 23–24, 26–32 (New York Yankees)
Sliding Billy Hamilton[5] 8 1889 (Kansas City Blues (AA)), 1890–92, 94–95 (Philadelphia Phillies), 1896–97 (Boston Beaneaters)
Jimmie Foxx[6] 8 1929–30, 32–34 (Philadelphia Athletics), 1936, 38–39 (Boston Red Sox)
Ted Williams[7] 8 1939–42, 46–49 (Boston Red Sox)
Alex Rodriguez[8] 8 1996, 98, 2000 (Seattle Mariners), 2001–03 (Texas Rangers), 2005, 07 (New York Yankees)
Hugh Duffy[9] 7 1889 (Chicago White Stockings), 1890 (Chicago Pirates (PL)), 1891 (Boston Reds (AA)), 1892–94, 97 (Boston Beaneaters)
Willie Keeler[10] 7 1894–98 (Baltimore Orioles (NL)), 1899, 1901 (Brooklyn Superbas)
Charlie Gehringer[11] 7 1929–30, 34–38 (Detroit Tigers)
Barry Bonds[12] 7 1993, 96–98, 2000–01, 04 (San Francisco Giants)
Five or more consecutive seasons with 120 runs scored[edit]
Player
Seasons
Seasons and teams
Lou Gehrig 12 1926–37 (New York Yankees)
Ted Williams 8 1939–42, 46–49 (Boston Red Sox)1
Babe Ruth 7 1926–32 (New York Yankees)
Hugh Duffy 6 1889 (Chicago White Stockings), 1890 (Chicago Pirates (PL)), 1891 (Boston Reds (AA)), 1892–94 (Boston Beaneaters)
Willie Keeler 6 1894–98 (Baltimore Orioles (NL)), 1899 (Brooklyn Superbas)
Jesse Burkett[13] 5 1893–97 (Cleveland Spiders (NL))
Charlie Gehringer 5 1934–38 (Detroit Tigers)
Mickey Mantle[14] 5 1954–58 (New York Yankees)
Eleven or more seasons with 100 runs scored[edit]
Player
Seasons
Seasons and teams
Hank Aaron[15] 15 1955–67, 69–70 (Mil-Atl Braves)
Lou Gehrig 13 1926–38 (New York Yankees)
Alex Rodriguez 13 1996–2000 (Seattle Mariners), 2001–03 (Texas Rangers), 2004–08 (New York Yankees)
Derek Jeter[16] 13 1996–2002, 04–07, 09–10 (New York Yankees)
Rickey Henderson[17] 13 1980, 82–84, 90–91, 98 (Oakland Athletics), 85–86, 88 (New York Yankees), 89 (NY Yankees–Oak Athletics), 93 (Oak Athletics–Tor Blue Jays), 96 (San Diego Padres)
Charlie Gehringer 12 1927–30, 1932–38, 40 (Detroit Tigers)
Willie Mays[18] 12 1954–65 (NY-SF Giants)
George Van Haltren[19] 11 1889 (Chicago White Stockings), 91–92 (Baltimore Orioles), 93 (Pittsburgh Pirates), 94–1900 (New York Giants)
Ty Cobb[20] 11 1909–12, 15–17, 21, 23–24 (Detroit Tigers), 27 (Philadelphia Athletics)
Babe Ruth 11 1919 (Boston Red Sox), 1920–21, 23–24, 26–32 (New York Yankees)
Jimmie Foxx 11 1929–30, 32–35 (Philadelphia Athletics), 36–40 (Boston Red Sox)
Stan Musial[21] 11 1943–44, 46–54 (St. Louis Cardinals)
Nine or more consecutive seasons with 100 runs scored[edit]
Player
Seasons
Seasons and teams
Lou Gehrig 13 1926–38 (New York Yankees)
Hank Aaron 13 1955–1967 (Milwaukee Braves) (Atlanta Braves)
Alex Rodriguez 13 1996–2000 (Seattle Mariners), 2001–03 (Texas Rangers), 2004–08 (New York Yankees)
Willie Mays 12 1954–65 (NY-SF Giants)
Stan Musial 11 1943–44, 46–54 (St. Louis Cardinals)
Billy Hamilton 10 1889 (Kansas City Blues (AA)), 1890–95 (Philadelphia Phillies), 1896–98 (Boston Beaneaters)
George Van Haltren 10 1891–92 (Baltimore Orioles), 93 (Pittsburgh Pirates), 94–1900 (New York Giants)
Harry Stovey[22] 9 1883–89 (Philadelphia Athletics (AA)), 1890 (Boston Reds (PL)), 1891 (Boston Beaneaters)
Mickey Mantle 9 1953–61 (New York Yankees)
Johnny Damon[23] 9 1998–2000 (Kansas City Royals), 2001 (Oakland Athletics), 02–05 (Boston Red Sox), 2006 (New York Yankees)
League leader in runs scored, 5 or more seasons[edit]
Player
Titles[24]
Years and teams
Babe Ruth 8 1919 (Boston Red Sox), 1920–21, 1923–24, 1926–28 (New York Yankees)
Ted Williams 6 1940–42, 46–47, 49 (Boston Red Sox)
Mickey Mantle 6 1954, 56–58, 60–61 (New York Yankees)
Ty Cobb 5 1909–11, 15–16 (Detroit Tigers)
George Burns 5 1914, 16–17, 19–20 (New York Giants)
Rogers Hornsby 5 1921–22, 24, 27 (St. Louis Cardinals), 29 (Chicago Cubs)
Stan Musial 5 1946, 48, 51–52, 54 (St. Louis Cardinals)
Rickey Henderson 5 1981, 90 (Oakland Athletics), 85–86 (New York Yankees), 89 (NY Yankees–Oak Athletics)
Alex Rodriguez 5 1996 (Seattle Mariners), 2001, 03 (Texas Rangers), 05, 07 (New York Yankees)
Albert Pujols 5 2003-05,09-10 (St. Louis Cardinals)
League leader in runs scored, 3 or more consecutive seasons[edit]
Player
Titles
Seasons & Teams
Harry Stovey 3 1883-85 Philadelphia Athletics (AA)
King Kelly 3 1884-85 Chicago White Stockings
Ty Cobb 3 1909-11 Detroit Tigers
Eddie Collins 3 1912-14 Philadelphia Athletics
Babe Ruth 3 1919 (Boston Red Sox), 20-21 (New York Yankees)
Babe Ruth 3 1926-28 (New York Yankees)
Chuck Klein 3 1930-32 (Philadelphia Phillies)
Ted Williams 3 1940-42 (Boston Red Sox)
Mickey Mantle 3 1956-58 (New York Yankees)
Pete Rose 3 1974-76 (Cincinnati Reds)
Albert Pujols 3 2003-05 (St. Louis Cardinals)
Mike Trout 3 2012-14 (Los Angeles Angels)
League leader in runs scored, both leagues[edit]
Player
League, team and year
Frank Robinson NL: Cincinnati Reds (1956), AL: Baltimore Orioles (1966)
League leader in runs scored, three different teams[edit]
Player
Teams and years
Rogers Hornsby St. Louis Cardinals (1921–22, 24), New York Giants (1927), Chicago Cubs (1929)
Alex Rodriguez Seattle Mariners (1996), Texas Rangers (2001, 03), New York Yankees (2005)
6 runs scored by an individual in one game[edit]
Further information: List of Major League Baseball hitters with six runs in one game
1000 runs scored by a team in one season[edit]
Runs
Team[25]
Season
1220 Boston Beaneaters 1894
1143 Philadelphia Phillies 1894
1131 St. Louis Cardinals 1887
1068 Philadelphia Phillies 1895
1067 New York Yankees 1931
1065 New York Yankees 1936
1062 New York Yankees 1930
1041 Chicago Colts 1894
1027 Boston Red Sox 1950
1025 Boston Beaneaters 1897
1021 Brooklyn Grooms 1894
1011 Philadelphia Phillies 1893
1009 Cleveland Indians 1999
1008 Boston Beaneaters 1893
1004 St. Louis Cardinals 1930
1002 New York Yankees 1932
One or more runs scored in each inning of a game[edit]
Team
Date[26]
Opponent
Venue2
Score
Cleveland Spiders August 15, 1889 Boston Beaneaters League Park 19–8[27]
Washington Senators (NL) June 22, 1894 Boston Beaneaters Boundary Field 26–12[28]
Cleveland Spiders July 12, 1894 Philadelphia Phillies League Park 20–10[29]
Chicago Colts June 29, 1897 Louisville Colonels West Side Park 36–7[30]
Boston Americans September 16, 1903 Cleveland Indians Huntington Avenue Grounds 14–7[31]
New York Giants June 1, 1923 Philadelphia Phillies Baker Bowl 22–8[32]
Cleveland Indians July 7, 19233 Boston Red Sox League Park 27–3[33]
St. Louis Cardinals June 9, 1935 Chicago Cubs Sportsman Park III 13-2[34]
New York Yankees July 26, 1939 St. Louis Browns Yankee Stadium 14–1[35]
Chicago White Sox May 11, 1949 Boston Red Sox Comiskey Park 12–8[36]
St. Louis Cardinals September 13, 1964 Chicago Cubs Wrigley Field 15–2[37]
Chicago Cubs September 1, 1978 Houston Astros Wrigley Field 14-11[38]
Kansas City Royals September 14, 1998 Oakland Athletics Kauffman Stadium 16–6[39]
Colorado Rockies May 5, 1999 Chicago Cubs Wrigley Field 13–6[40]
Colorado Rockies September 24, 2001 San Diego Padres Coors Field 15-11[41]
New York Yankees April 29, 2006 Toronto Blue Jays Yankee Stadium 17–6[42]
Detroit Tigers August 2, 2014 Colorado Rockies Comerica Park 11–5[43]
Milwaukee Brewers August 11, 2016 Atlanta Braves Miller Park 11–3[44]
Chicago White Sox September 12, 2016 Cleveland Indians U.S. Cellular Field 11–4[45]
Notes[edit]
Ted Williams did not play 1943–45 due to military service in World War II.
The Chicago Colts, New York Giants, 1964 St. Louis Cardinals and 1999 Colorado Rockies accomplished their feats on the road, meaning they scored in all 9 innings they batted and are the sole instances of a team scoring a run in 9 innings. All remaining teams accomplished this feat at home, meaning they only scored in all 8 innings they batted.
Game 1 of a doubleheader.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Hitting Leaders, Career, All-Time". historic statistical ranking. Major League Baseball. September 25, 2010. Retrieved September 25, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Hitting Leaders, Career, Single Season". historic statistical ranking. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Lou Gehrig". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Babe Ruth". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sliding Billy Hamilton". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Jimmie Foxx". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ted Williams". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Alex Rodriguez". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Hugh Duffy". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Willie Keeler". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Charlie Gehringer". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Barry Bonds". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Jesse Burkett". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Mickey Mantle". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Hank Aaron". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Derek Jeter". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Rickey Henderson". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Willie Mays". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "George Van Haltren". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ty Cobb". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Stan Musial". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Harry Stovey". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Johnny Damon". career statistics. Major League Baseball. September 26, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Yearly League Leaders & Records for Runs Scored". statistical list. Baseball-Reference.com. September 28, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Major League Baseball Hitting Stats, Career Year-by-Year". Table of Statistics. Major League Baseball. September 27, 2010. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Runs Scored Teams Records". statistical table. Baseball Almanac.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Team Game-by-Game Schedule and Results". 1889 Season scores and results. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Team Game-by-Game Schedule and Results". 1894 Season scores and results. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Team Game-by-Game Schedule and Results". 1894 Season scores and results. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Team Game-by-Game Schedule and Results". 1897 Season scores and results. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Team Game-by-Game Schedule and Results". 1903 Season scores and results. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Friday, June 1, 1923, Baker Bowl". box score. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Saturday, July 7, 1923, Dunn Field". box score. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sunday, June 9, 1935, Sportsman Park III". box score. Baseball Reference.com.
Jump up ^ "Wednesday, July 26, 1939, Yankee Stadium I". box score. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Wednesday, May 11, 1949, Comiskey Park I". box score. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Sunday, September 13, 1964 1:44PM, Wrigley Field". box score. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Friday, September 1, 1978 1:05PM, Wrigley Field". box score. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Monday, September 14, 1998 7:05, Kauffman Stadium". box score. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Wednesday, May 5, 1999 1:20PM, Wrigley Field". box score. Baseball Reference.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Monday, September 24, 2001 7:10PM, Coors Field". box score. Baseball Reference.com.
Jump up ^ "Saturday, April 29, 2006 1:11PM, Yankee Stadium II". Box Score. Baseball Almanac.com. Retrieved September 29, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Behind big night from Alex Avila, Tigers score in every inning for first time since 1912". Detroit News. August 2, 2014. Archived from the original on August 3, 2014. Retrieved August 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ "#Brewers win 11-3! The #BrewCrew becomes the 8th team since 1940 to score at least 1 run in every inning! #MILvsATL". @Brewers. August 11, 2016. Retrieved August 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "White Sox score in every inning for first time in 67 years in win over Indians". Chicago Tribune. September 13, 2016. Retrieved September 13, 2016.
See also[edit]
Run (baseball)
hide
v
t
e
Major League Baseball records
Baseball statistics (types of records)
General
Record holders
Single-game records
Single-season records
Record breakers by season
Records considered unbreakable
Titles leaders
Batting
leaders
Career
Batting average
On-base percentage
Times on base
Slugging percentage
OPS
Hits
3,000 club
Progressive
Singles
Doubles
Triples
Home runs
500 club
Progressive
Extra base hits
RBIs
Total bases
Walks
Intentional
HBP
Strikeouts
Games played
At-bats
Plate appearances
Annual
Batting average
Doubles
Triples
Home runs
RBI
Season
Batting average
Triples
Home run
Progressive
Game
Home runs
Hitting for the cycle
Grand slams
RBI
Game
Inning
Hits
Misc
Consecutive game hitting streak
On-base plus slugging
Hits
Home runs
Doubles
Triples
RBIs
Baserunning
leaders
Career
Runs
Stolen bases
Annual
Runs
Stolen bases
Game
Runs
Misc
Runs
Stolen bases
Pitching
leaders
Career
Wins
300 club
Losses
Games started
Games finished
Innings pitched
Strikeouts
3,000 club
Saves
Complete games
Shutouts
ERA
WHIP
Walks
Hit batsmen
Wild pitches
Batters faced
Annual
Wins
Saves
Shutouts
Strikeouts
ERA
Game
No-hitter
Perfect game
List of perfect games
Strikeouts
Game
Inning
Immaculate innings
Misc
Wins
Fielding
leaders
Career
Putouts
C
1B
2B
SS
3B
OF
LF
CF
RF
P
Errors
C
1B
2B
SS
3B
OF
LF
Assists
Passed balls
Annual
Putouts
Errors
Managing
records
Wins and winning percentage
Multiple stat
records
Triple Crown
20–20–20 club
30–30 club
40–40 club
Other
Consecutive games played
Longest winning streaks
Longest losing streaks
Individual streaks
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Major_League_Baseball_runs_records&oldid=843050460"
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values: List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as an outfielder leaders

values: List of Major League Baseball career fielding errors as a left fielder leaders

values: List of Major League Baseball career assists leaders

values: List of Major League Baseball career passed balls leaders

values: List of Major League Baseball annual putouts leaders

values: List of Major League Baseball annual fielding errors leaders

values: List of Major League Baseball managers by wins

values: Major League Baseball consecutive games played streaks

values: List of Major League Baseball longest winning streaks

values: List of Major League Baseball longest losing streaks

values: List of Major League Baseball individual streaks

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