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In the End
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This article is about the Linkin Park song. For other uses, see In the End (disambiguation).
"In the End"
Single by Linkin Park
from the album Hybrid Theory
B-side
"Step Up"
"In the End" (Live BBC Radio One)
"Points of Authority" (Live at Docklands Arena, London)
"A Place for My Head" (Live at Docklands Arena, London)
Released
October 9, 2001 (2001-10-09)
Format
CD
DVD
Recorded
2000 (2000)
(New Orleans, Louisiana, United States)
Genre
Nu metal
rap rock
Length
3:39 (album version)
Label
Warner Bros.
Songwriter(s)
Bradford Delson
Chester Bennington
Joseph Hahn
Michael Shinoda
Robert Bourdon
Producer(s)
Don Gilmore
Linkin Park singles chronology
"Papercut"
(2001) "In the End"
(2001) "Pts.OF.Athrty"
(2002)
"Papercut"
(2001) "In the End"
(2001) "Pts.OF.Athrty"
(2002)
Audio sample
file
help
Hybrid Theory track listing
"By Myself"
(Track 7) "In the End"
(Track 8) "A Place for My Head"
(Track 9)
Music video
"In The End" on YouTube
"In the End" is a song by American rock band Linkin Park. It is the eighth track on their debut album Hybrid Theory (2000) and was released as the album's fourth single October 9, 2001. "In the End" is one of Linkin Park's most recognizable and signature songs. It is the most played song in all of the band's live performances, with "One Step Closer" coming in close second.[1]
"In the End" received positive reviews by music critics, with most reviewers complimenting the song's signature piano riff, as well as noting rapper Mike Shinoda's vocal prominence in the song. "In the End" also achieved mainstream popularity, and was a commercial success upon release. The song reached the top ten on numerous worldwide music charts and reached number two on the US Billboard Hot 100, the band's highest peak on the chart, as well as their first song that peaked within the Top 40. It also reached number one on the Z100 Top 100 songs of 2002 countdown. This song also ranked at #121 in Blender magazine's The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born.[2] The song is Billboard's second most played rock song of the decade. It was also remixed on Reanimation as "Enth E ND". The music video of the song, directed by Nathan Cox and the band's turntablist Joe Hahn, featured the band in a fantasy setting.
Chester Bennington, the band's lead vocalist, initially disliked this song and did not want it to be included on Hybrid Theory.'[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Release
2 Music video
3 Cover versions
4 Critical reception
4.1 Accolades
5 Chart performance
6 Remix
7 Track listing
8 Personnel
9 Charts
9.1 Weekly charts
9.2 Year-end charts
9.3 Decade-end charts
10 Chart number one succession
11 Certifications
12 References
13 External links
Release[edit]
The single CD was released as a "Part 1" single and a "Part 2" single. They differed in tracks and cover color: the "Part 1" cover is yellow and the "Part 2" cover is red. A DVD version of "In the End" was also released which includes an audio version of "In the End", "Crawling" music video and four 30 seconds interviews.
On March 27, 2002 the single was released in Japan as a 7-track CD called In the End: Live & Rare. It contains live tracks of "Papercut", "Points of Authority" and "A Place for My Head", "Step Up" (originally by the early Linkin Park precursor Hybrid Theory that appeared on Hybrid Theory EP), "My December" and "High Voltage".
"In the End" was released as downloadable content for the music video game Rock Band 3.
Music video[edit]
The music video for "In the End" was shot at various stops along the 2001 Ozzfest tour and was directed by Nathan Cox and the band's DJ Joe Hahn, who would go on to direct many of Linkin Park's future videos (the two also directed the music video for "Papercut").[4][5] Although the background for the "In the End" video was filmed in a California desert, the band itself performed on a studio stage in Los Angeles, with prominent CGI effects and compositing being used to create the finished version. Performing on a studio stage allowed Hahn and Cox to set off water pipes above the stage near the end and drench the band.[5]
The music video takes place in a fantasy setting and uses massive CGI animation. The band performs atop a giant statue, which has a 'winged soldier' on top of it, which is similar-looking to the 'winged soldier' on the cover artwork of Linkin Park's Hybrid Theory album.
The portions where Mike Shinoda raps first take place in a wasteland with thorny vines sprouting out of the ground, surrounding him and shattering into dust, (first verse) and then grass and plants sprouting up around him (second verse). During the time Mike raps his verses, Chester stands atop a platform with gargoyles on the edges. This platform is in front of a door in the shape of a trapezoid. Near the end of the video, the skies turn dark and it begins to rain, and the band performs in the downpour until the end of the song, where the rain stops and the camera pans away from the tower, showing the wasteland where Shinoda had rapped in is now a lush Greenland. During the rain the statues on the tower begin to move.
The video was co-directed by Nathan "Karma" Cox and LP's turntablist Joe Hahn (who have also directed the videos for "Pts.Of.Athrty", "Papercut", "What I've Done", "Bleed It Out", "Shadow of the Day", and "Leave Out All the Rest").[4] The production design was by Patrick Tatopoulos who helped design and oversee the production of the non-CGI set. It won the "Best Rock Video" at the 2002 MTV Awards.[6]
A strange-looking whale can be seen flying around the large statue during most of the video, specifically at the end of the video. The whale in the video was Joe Hahn's idea. He has been quoted as saying, "It's not like I pulled it out of my ass; it made sense to me." The reasoning behind its inclusion is still unknown. The whale could be identified as a "space whale" which takes the concept that life (or time) is too short for one to absorb all its mass surroundings. The whale also makes a brief appearance in the music video for "Shadow of the Day".
Although there is a keyboard loop in this song, the video does not show Mike, who is a pianist in the group, or anyone else playing a keyboard in any scene of the video. However, Joe Hahn is shown using a MIDI pad to emulate the piano loop at the end.
The video has over 430 million views on YouTube as of October 2017. The video was uploaded twice by Linkin Park's YouTube channel. The video was first uploaded on March 4, 2007 in 240p format. The video was later reuploaded on October 26, 2009 in 360p format. It was reuploaded on the same day that the Warner Bros. Records YouTube channel uploaded the same video in 480p format.[7][8][9]
Cover versions[edit]
In 2012, "In the End" has been performed by KZ Tandingan in top 10 performance of the first season of The X Factor Philippines.[10]
On July 22, 2017, Machine Head frontman Robb Flynn, along with a group of friends, covered the song for Flynn's 50th birthday concert in honor of Chester Bennington, who had committed suicide just 2 days before.
Critical reception[edit]
"In the End" received positive reviews by contemporary rock music critics. VH1 ranked it number 84 on its list of the 100 Greatest Songs of the '00s.[11] The song was also ranked number 2 by Loudwire on its list of "Top 21st century Hard Rock songs".[12] At Stylus magazine, it was highlighted as a "nu metal classic".[13] At Kerrang!, it was included as part of "The Ultimate Nu Metal Mixtape".[14] NME, however, was more critical of the song, calling it "...another slab of gormless MTV rap rock from the bottom of the food chain."[15]
Accolades[edit]
In 2015, the song was named as the best rock song in Kerrang!'s Rock 100 list followed by the band's 2014 single "Final Masquerade".[16]
Chart performance[edit]
"In the End" is Linkin Park's highest charting single in the US, debuting at number 78 and peaking at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart in March 2002 and being kept off the top spot by "Ain't It Funny" by Jennifer Lopez and Ja Rule. It stayed on the chart a total of 38 weeks. It reached number one on the Modern Rock Tracks chart for five weeks, starting in December 2001, becoming their first hit on this chart. It has spent 44 weeks there, becoming their longest running on that chart and it also hit number three on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart spending 29 weeks on the chart, their second longest after One Step Closer at 39 weeks. It also reached number one on the Pop Songs chart for five weeks also and it stayed on the chart for 27 weeks. "In the End" was the 7th best performing single on the Billboard Hot 100 during 2002, and was the 2nd best performing rock song and alternative song of the decade on the Alternative Songs chart and the Rock Songs chart only behind Trapt's "Headstrong" and Nickelback's "How You Remind Me" respectively. As of June 2014, the single has sold 2,555,000 copies in the United States.[17]
"In the End" reached the top five on the Canadian BDS Airplay chart and remained in the top five for another month. "In the End" debuted higher on the Canadian Singles Chart than it did in the US and peaked at number one three weeks later for two weeks. It peaked higher in Canada than "Papercut".
The song was released in Australia, Europe and New Zealand on December 22, 2001. "One Step Closer", "Papercut" and "Crawling" reached the UK top twenty, while "In the End" reached the top ten. "In the End" continued the trend of higher-charting singles when it debuted and peaked at number eight. It remained in the top 100 of the chart for twenty non-consecutive weeks.
"In the End" debuted at number forty four on December 2, 2001 on the Australian Charts. It steadily rose to peak at number four on February 10, 2002. It is currently the second most successful song for the band in Australia, tied with "One Step Closer" and behind "New Divide". In the week starting July 30, 2017, the single re-entered the charts, at number ten, more than fifteen years since the song last appeared in the top 50, following the death of lead singer Chester Bennington.
"In the End" reached the top thirty in Switzerland and the top twenty in the Netherlands, Ireland, Germany, Belgium and New Zealand. It is also their first single to chart in France, peaking initially at number 40 and remaining in the chart for 17 weeks. But after the suicide of Chester Bennington in July 2017, the song charted at number 23 for one week.
Remix[edit]
A remix of "In the End", entitled "Enth E ND", is included on their remix album Reanimation. The song features hip hop artists Motion Man and KutMasta Kurt. The song was released as a promotional single with "FRGT/10".
The music video was directed by Jason Goldwatch. It starts off in black and white with someone picking up headphones, interrupted by an image - Mike Shinoda in a car, a flashing image with the letters "LP" written on it, and a TV screen. KutMasta Kurt is shown DJing, then Motion Man is seen in a car, rapping. The camera goes to Mike Shinoda and the video is now in color. The video zooms out to a small screen, then the video becomes black and white again. Mike Shinoda is seen driving a car with KurtMasta Kurt and Motion Man. The video shows the screen again and Mike is seen in color, then becomes black and white again. Mike Shinoda and Motion Man are seen bouncing their heads on screen, then seen driving again. Images flash and Motion Man is seen rapping once again. Random clips are played and Mike Shinoda is once again seen driving, holding a small wired camera.
Track listing[edit]
Part 1
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "In the End" Linkin Park 3:38
2. "In the End" (Live BBC Radio One) Linkin Park 3:28
3. "Points of Authority" (Live at Docklands Arena, London) Linkin Park 3:31
4. "In the End" (Video) 3:36
Part 2
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "In the End" Linkin Park 3:38
2. "A Place for My Head" (Live at Docklands Arena, London)
Linkin Park
Mark Wakefield
Dave Farrell
3:12
3. "Step Up"
Mike Shinoda
Joe Hahn
Brad Delson
3:54
DVD
No.
Title
Length
1. "In the End" (Audio) 3:37
2. "Crawling" (Music Video) 3:38
3. "4 X 30 Seconds" 2:14
In the End: Live & Rare
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Length
1. "In the End" (Album Version) Linkin Park 3:36
2. "Papercut" (Live at Docklands Arena, London) Linkin Park 3:11
3. "Points of Authority" (Live at Docklands Arena, London) Linkin Park 3:26
4. "Place for My Head" (Live at Docklands Arena, London) Linkin Park 3:10
5. "Step Up"
Shinoda
Hahn
Delson
3:55
6. "My December" Shinoda 4:21
7. "High Voltage" Linkin Park 3:45
Personnel[edit]
Linkin Park
Chester Bennington – vocals
Rob Bourdon – drums
Brad Delson – guitar, bass
Joe Hahn – sampler, turntables
Mike Shinoda – rapping, piano
Production
Produced by Don Gilmore
Executive producer: Jeff Blue
Mixed at Soundtrack, NYC
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2001–03)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[18] 4
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[19] 6
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[20] 12
Brazil (ABPD)[21] 1
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[22] 2
Denmark (Tracklisten)[23] 3
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[24] 11
France (SNEP)[25] 40
Germany (Official German Charts)[26] 13
Ireland (IRMA)[27] 16
Italy (FIMI)[28] 4
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[29] 10
Poland (OLiS)[30] 1
Romania (Romanian Top 100)[31] 99
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[32] 3
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[33] 23
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[34] 8
US Billboard Hot 100[35] 2
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[36] 15
US Alternative Songs (Billboard)[37] 1
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[38] 1
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[39] 4
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[22] 30
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[40] 5
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[41] 19
France (SNEP)[42] 23
Germany (Official German Charts)[43] 4
Hungary (Single Top 40)[44] 5
Hungary (Stream Top 40)[45] 5
Malaysia (RIM)[46] 11
Portugal (AFP)[47] 21
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[48] 16
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[49] 33
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[50] 4
US Billboard Hot 100[35] 37
US Hot Rock Songs (Billboard)[51] 3
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2002)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100 7
US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks 2
Decade-end charts[edit]
Chart (2000–2009)
Peak
position
Billboard Rock Songs 2
Billboard Alternative Songs 2
Billboard Pop Songs 36
Billboard Radio Songs 65
Chart number one succession[edit]
Preceded by
"How You Remind Me" by Nickelback Billboard Modern Rock Tracks number-one single
December 22, 2001 – January 19, 2002 Succeeded by
"Blurry" by Puddle of Mudd
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[52]
Gold 35,000^
Italy (FIMI)[53]
2× Platinum 100,000*
New Zealand (RMNZ)[54]
Gold 5,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[55]
Platinum 618,000[56]
United States (RIAA)[57]
4× Platinum 4,000,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Linkin Park Tour Statistics - setlist.fm". Retrieved December 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Maxim". Archived from the original on December 28, 2010. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "LINKIN PARK Q&A;". V Music. Archived from the original on August 10, 2014. Retrieved September 13, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "An interview with bassist Phoenix". Rough Edge. Retrieved September 29, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b "In the End facts". Song Facts. Retrieved September 29, 2007.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards History". Rock on the Net. Retrieved September 29, 2007.
Jump up ^ "In the End (Original and Official Video) on YouTube". from Linkin Park's YouTube Channel
Jump up ^ "In the End (Official Duplicate Video) on YouTube". from Linkin Park's YouTube Channel
Jump up ^ "In the End (Official Video) on YouTube". from the Warner Bros. Records YouTube Channel
Jump up ^ "KZ Tandingan - In The End - Top 10 - X Factor Philippines". YouTube. August 20, 2012. Retrieved December 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Kyle (September 29, 2011). "U2, Rihanna, Amy Winehouse, Foo Fighters fill out VH1's '100 Greatest Songs of the '00s'". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ Graham Hartmann (July 1, 2012). "No. 2: Linkin Park, 'In The End' – Top 21st Century Hard Rock Songs". Loudwire.com. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ Unterberger, Andrew (September 10, 2004). "Top Ten Nu-Metal Bands". Stylus magazine. Archived from the original on October 9, 2004. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Ultimate Nu-Metal Mixtape". Kerrang!. Retrieved December 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "NME Track Reviews - Linkin Park : In The End". Nme.Com. October 2, 2001. Retrieved June 1, 2014.
Jump up ^ "In The End" and "Final Masquerade" have made it to the top of Kerrang!'s Rock 100 list Facebook April 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Trust, Gary (June 24, 2014). "Ask Billboard: With Nico & Vinz, Norway Continues U.S. Chart Invasion". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Linkin Park – In the End". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Linkin Park – In the End" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Linkin Park – In the End" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Brazil" (PDF). ABPD. October 6, 2001. Retrieved April 1, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Linkin Park Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)" Billboard. Retrieved June 24, 2008. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sc_Canada_Linkin_Park" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – Linkin Park – In the End". Tracklisten. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Linkin Park – In the End" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Linkin Park – In the End" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Linkin Park Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Linkin Park". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Italiancharts.com – Linkin Park – In the End". Top Digital Download. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Linkin Park – In the End". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Polish Singles Chart". Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Romanian Top 100: Editia 1, saptamina 7.01-13.01, 2002". Archived from the original on May 14, 2005. Retrieved November 1, 2015. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Linkin Park – In the End". Singles Top 100. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Linkin Park – In the End". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Linkin Park: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved June 24, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b "Linkin Park Chart History (Hot 100)" Billboard. Retrieved January 14, 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "sc_Billboardhot100_Linkin_Park" defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
Jump up ^ "Linkin Park Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)" Billboard. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Linkin Park Chart History (Alternative Songs)" Billboard. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Linkin Park Chart History (Pop Songs)" Billboard. Retrieved January 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Linkin Park – In the End" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201730 into search. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Linkin Park: In the End" (in Finnish). Musiikkituottajat – IFPI Finland. Retrieved July 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Le Top de la semaine : Top Singles Téléchargés – SNEP (Week 30, 2017)" (in French). Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique. Retrieved August 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Linkin Park – Numb". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Single (track) Top 40 lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Stream Top 40 slágerlista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Top 20 Most Streamed International & Domestic Singles in Malaysia" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of Malaysia. Retrieved August 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Portuguesecharts.com – Linkin Park – In the End". AFP Top 100 Singles. Retrieved August 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201730 into search. Retrieved August 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Spanishcharts.com – Linkin Park – In the End" Canciones Top 50.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Linkin Park – Numb". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Linkin Park Chart History (Hot Rock Songs)" Billboard. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Australian Top 50 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. July 31, 2017. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Linkin Park – In the End" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand single certifications – Linkin Park – In the End". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Linkin Park – In the End". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved July 28, 2017. Enter In the End in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ Copsey, Rob (July 28, 2017). "Linkin Park records dominate this week's Official Charts". Official Charts Company. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Linkin Park – In the End". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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New Tappan Zee Bridge
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
New Tappan Zee Bridge
New Tappan Zee Bridge while under construction, one week before its official opening
Coordinates
41°04′17″N 73°53′28″W / 41.07139°N 73.89111°W / 41.07139; -73.89111Coordinates: 41°04′17″N 73°53′28″W / 41.07139°N 73.89111°W / 41.07139; -73.89111
Carries
8 lanes (4 northbound/westbound, 4 southbound/eastbound) of I-87 / I-287 / New York Thruway
Crosses
Hudson River
Locale
Connecting South Nyack (Rockland County) and Tarrytown (Westchester County)
Official name
Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge
Other name(s)
New NY Bridge
Maintained by
New York State Thruway Authority
Characteristics
Design
dual-span cable-stayed twin bridge
History
Construction start
2013
Construction cost
$3.9 billion (2013 project budget)[1]
Opened
August 26, 2017 (westbound span)[2]
June 15, 2018 (project completion)[3]
Statistics
Daily traffic
138,000+ (2011 est)
The New Tappan Zee Bridge,[4][5] also known as the New NY Bridge[6] and officially named the Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge after the late former governor Mario Cuomo,[7] is a twin cable-stayed bridge being built to replace the current original Tappan Zee Bridge over New York's Hudson River. The new bridges are to the north of and roughly parallel to the existing Tappan Zee Bridge, and cross the Hudson River in a parallel east-to-west direction. In the final configuration, the north span will carry the northbound traffic of I-87, westbound traffic of I-287, and a bicycle/pedestrian path, with the south span that will carry southbound and eastbound traffic of I-87 and I-287, respectively. Construction began in 2013, and at 1:36 A.M. on August 26, 2017, the north span officially opened to westbound traffic. Eastbound traffic was switched onto the same span on October 6, 2017[8]. Tappan Zee Constructers are currently demolishing the old bridge and completing the south span, which eastbound traffic will use once complete. Both spans are expected to be operational by June 15, 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Construction progress
3 Public transportation
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
7 Further reading
8 External links
Background[edit]
The original Tappan Zee Bridge, built in a period of material shortages during the Korean War
The original Tappan Zee Bridge was a cantilever bridge built during 1952–1955. The bridge was 3 miles (4.8 km) long and spanned the Hudson at its second-widest point. The Tappan Zee river crossing was named by 17th century Dutch settlers. The Tappan Zee Bridge, along with the smaller Bear Mountain Bridge, are the only crossings of the stretch of the Hudson between Westchester and Rockland counties, both of which are part of New York City's populous northern suburbs.
The deteriorating structure bore an average of 138,000 vehicles per day, substantially more traffic than its designed capacity. During its first decade, the bridge carried fewer than 40,000 vehicles per day. Part of the justification for replacing the bridge stemmed from its construction immediately following the Korean War on a low budget of only $81 million. Unlike other major bridges in metropolitan New York, the Tappan Zee Bridge was designed to last only 50 years.[9] The new bridge is intended to last at least 100 years.[10]
The collapse of Minnesota's I-35W Mississippi River bridge in 2007 raised worries about the Tappan Zee Bridge's structural integrity.[11] These concerns, together with traffic overcapacity and increased maintenance costs, escalated the serious discussions already ongoing about replacing the Tappan Zee with a tunnel or a new bridge.[12][13] Six options were identified and submitted for project study and environmental review.[14]
Construction progress[edit]
Under construction, day view (left, May 2017) and night view (right, September 2016)
The Federal Highway Administration issued a report in October 2011 designating the Tappan Zee's replacement to be a dual-span twin bridge. The new bridge is now under construction a few yards to the north of the existing bridge, and will connect to the existing highway approaches of the New York State Thruway (I-87/I-287) on both river banks.[15] Construction began as scheduled during October 2013,[16][17] with completion targeted for 2017.[18] After some delays, the project is currently expected to be completed by June 15, 2018[3] at a cost of $3.98 billion.[19]
Originally, some motorists thought that bridge tolls could more than double (to $12-$15 for automobiles, eastbound only), rising to those of New York City's Hudson River crossings.[10] However, the state passed legislation freezing the toll on the bridge at $5 through 2020 in its 2016 legislative session.[20]
Aerial view of the new Tappan Zee Bridge currently being constructed next to the existing Tappan Zee Bridge (August 2016)
The new Tappan Zee Bridge was proposed to include four vehicle lanes on each span, for a total of eight lanes, as well as a shared-use bicycle and pedestrian path. Like its predecessor, the new Tappan Zee Bridge is to be administered by the New York State Thruway Authority. The authority is project co-sponsor, along with the state Department of Transportation.[15]
The New York Metropolitan Transportation Council added the Tappan Zee Bridge to its list of projects eligible for federal funds in August 2012.[21] The United States Department of Transportation approved the plan on September 25, 2012. The approval process took fewer than 10 months as opposed to the traditional multi-year process as a result of being placed on a "fast track" for approval by the Obama Administration.[22] On December 17, 2012, New York state officials dropped their proposal for a 45 percent increase on the state Thruway toll for trucks, while advancing a $3.14 billion project to replace the bridge.[23]
The new Tappan Zee Bridge was built by Tappan Zee Constructors, a design-build LLC composed of Fluor Corporation, American Bridge Company, Granite Construction Northeast and Traylor Bros. The Left Coast Lifter was used to install groups of pre-assembled girders one full span at a time.[24] By the end of 2013, General Electric had completed four seasons of dredging to remove contaminants from the river bottom. Approximately 70 percent of the sediments targeted for dredging were removed (totaling more than 1,900,000 cubic yards (1,500,000 m3) of sediment).[25]
The project timeline originally indicated that the old bridge would be closed in 2016 and that the demolition of the old bridge would begin in February 2017,[26] however, that timeline has since been amended. The first span of the bridge opened to westbound traffic on August 26, 2017. Eastbound traffic was moved onto the same span on October 6, 2017 so that demolition on the old bridge can begin in order to allow the completion of the south span. The project is expected to be completed by June 15, 2018.[3]
When completed, the new Tappan Zee Bridge will be one of the widest cable-stay bridges on the planet, with a combined deck width across both decks of almost 184 feet (56 m)—barely one foot (30 cm) wider than the relatively "short-span", cable-stayed Leonard Zakim Bridge in downtown Boston, Massachusetts, itself already 183 feet wide.[27] Turkey's 3rd Bosphorus bridge, completed in 2016, has been built with a single deck almost 194 feet (59 m) wide, and the Tappan Zee Bridge will also be one of the longest cable-stayed spans in the nation.[28]
On July 19, 2016, a crane used for construction of the bridge collapsed onto the existing older bridge. Five people were injured, including three drivers and two bridge workers; no one was killed or critically injured.[29][30]
Governor Andrew Cuomo successfully pushed through legislation to name the bridge after his father, the late Governor Mario Cuomo on June 29, 2017. This has been met with stiff criticism as a Reclaim New York Initiative poll of Rockland and Westchester county residents found only 14.7% of respondents support the new name[31]. Many have cited the timing of the NYS legislature vote at the last session before the summer term ended and the last chance to enact a budget for NYS.[32]
The new northbound/westbound span opened on August 26, 2017.[33][34] Southbound/eastbound traffic remained on the existing span until October 6, 2017, when it was shifted to the new northbound/westbound span to allow for the completion of the new southbound/eastbound span.[35]
Public transportation[edit]
West of the Tappan Zee, the 680,000 residents of Rockland and Orange counties currently have very limited mass transit to New York City via the Port Jervis Line and Pascack Valley Line commuter rail services. The bridge plan includes as an objective merely, "Providing a crossing that does not preclude future trans-Hudson transit services."[15]
A proposed bus rapid transit system using the new bridge was shelved as too expensive. However, the bridge was structurally built for expansion of the BRT at a later date in mind. Also the new bridge is built to consider a later date expansion which would include a commuter rail. The existing Tarrytown station of the Metro-North Railroad's Hudson Line is located about 2,000 feet (610 m) from the new bridge's eastern landing. In 2011, the state estimated that a bus connector to the station would add about $151 million, or about 3 percent to projected costs of the new bridge.[36]
Responding to widespread concerns about the lack of new public transit service, bridge planners agreed only to a "dedicated express bus lane" in each direction for use during rush hour.[37]
See also[edit]
Bridges portal
Hudson Valley portal
New York portal
List of fixed crossings of the Hudson River
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "About the Project". The New NY Bridge. New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved October 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Twitter". mobile.twitter.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c DeWitt, Scott Willis, Karen. "Gov. Cuomo Opens Thruway Bridge Across the Hudson Amid Questions About Tolls".
Jump up ^ http://visitnyack.org/2017/08/22/tzb-west-span-open/
Jump up ^ http://www.hvmag.com/The-New-Tappan-Zee-Bridge-Check-Out-These-Photos/
Jump up ^ "The New NY Bridge Project". www.newnybridge.com. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Berger, Joseph (August 24, 2017). "Bridge of Grand Ambitions Is Set to Open at the Tappan Zee" – via NYTimes.com.
Jump up ^ http://westchester.news12.com/story/36477525/traffic-set-to-switch-on-new-gov-mario-cuomo-bridge
Jump up ^ McGeehan, Patrick (January 17, 2006). "A Bridge That Has Nowhere Left to Go". The New York Times. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "NY proposes steep toll increases for new Tappan Zee bridge". Reuters. August 4, 2012. Some alternatives to the Tappan Zee bridge are already more expensive. The George Washington Bridge, which crosses the Hudson River south of the Tappan Zee, has a cash toll of US$12, which is expected to rise to $15 in 2015.
Jump up ^ "Tappan Zee Bridge has received 'poor' ratings". Poughkeepsie Journal. Gannett News Service. August 3, 2007. Retrieved August 9, 2008.
Jump up ^ Thruway Authority; MTA Metro-North Railroad (June 2003). "Long List of Level 1 Alternatives". Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement. New York State. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Zhao, Yilu (July 24, 2003). "From 156 Options, Down to 15 Ways to Go on Tappan Zee". New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
Jump up ^ Dept of Transportation; Thruway Authority; MTA Metro-North Railroad (January 2006). "Alternatives Analysis Report, Level 2". Tappan Zee Bridge Replacement. New York State. Retrieved November 7, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c US Federal Highway Administration (October 13, 2011). "Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing Project Scoping Information Packet" (PDF). Retrieved October 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Governor Cuomo Announces Beginning of Formal Construction of the New NY Bridge to Replace Tappan Zee". Office of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo. 2014-09-28. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
Jump up ^ "New Tappan Zee construction starts". New York Post. Associated Press. 2013-10-16. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
Jump up ^ Haughney, Christine (October 11, 2011). "U.S. Says It Will Expedite Approval to Replace Deteriorating Tappan Zee Bridge". New York Times. Retrieved November 7, 2011. The state will pay for the project by issuing $3 billion in bonds against its toll revenues; the remaining $2.2 billion will be financed with loans from labor pension funds and the Transportation Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act.
Jump up ^ "About". The New NY Bridge Project. October 12, 2015. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tappan Zee tolls frozen until 2020". News 12 Westchester. News 12 Networks. April 7, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Plotch, Philip Mark. Politics Across the Hudson: The Tappan Zee Megaproject. Rutgers University Press, New Jersey (2015). p. 165-168
Jump up ^ [1] Bloomberg Businessweek, September 25, 2012
Jump up ^ "New York State Advances $3.1 Billion Plan To Replace Tappan Zee Bridge". CBS News New York. Retrieved December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing". October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Hudson River PCB Dredging Project". Hudsondredging.com. Retrieved April 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "About the project". New York State Thruway Authority. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Massachusetts Department of Transportation. "MassDOT — The Big Dig — Tunnels and Bridges — The Cable-stayed Bridge". Retrieved April 5, 2014. Girders, floor beams and two planes of cables support the bridge's 745-foot-long, 183-foot-wide main span.
Jump up ^ "Design Feature".
Jump up ^ "Crane collapse on Tappan Zee Bridge injures at least 5; all lanes closed in both directions". NY Daily News. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Four Hurt When Crane collapses onto Tappan Zee Bridge". NY Post. Retrieved July 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Poll: Downstate residents dislike naming Tappan Zee bridge for Mario Cuomo". Capitol Confidential. 2017-07-11. Retrieved 2017-10-07.
Jump up ^ "Tappan Zee Bridge gets new name: The Governor Mario M. Cuomo Bridge". Lohud/The Journal News. June 29, 2017. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Opening day on new Tappan Zee Bridge shows sleek design, new features". Retrieved August 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Watch drone video of New York's new Tappan Zee Bridge". USA TODAY. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rockland-bound traffic to begin traveling on new Tappan Zee Bridge". ABC7 New York. August 26, 2017. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kazis, Noah (July 12, 2012). "Even a Paltry $150M For Tappan Zee Transit Is Too Much For Andrew Cuomo". Streetsblog NYC. OpenPlans. Retrieved August 4, 2012. 'This is a red herring that it’s going to cost $5 billion to do BRT and therefore we’re not going to do anything,' said Jeff Zupan, a senior fellow with the Regional Plan Association.
Jump up ^ Nicosia, Mareesa (August 15, 2012). "New Tappan Zee Bridge: Nyack residents voice traffic, noise, toll concerns". The Journal News. Westchester & Rockland Counties, New York. Archived from the original on December 30, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2012. [E]ight general-purpose lanes would be flanked on each side by wide shoulders, which would allow emergency vehicles to pass traffic. One shoulder on each side of the bridge would serve as a dedicated express bus lane.
External links[edit]
More renderings of the new bridge.
Further reading[edit]
Plotch, Philip Mark (2015). Politics Across the Hudson - The Tappan Zee Megaproject. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 978-0-8135-7249-9. Archived from the original on July 17, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to New Tappan Zee Bridge.
The New NY Bridge (official Tappan Zee Bridge replacement project site)
Tappan Zee Bridge/I-287 Environmental Review project site (archived March 15, 2016)
[hide]
Crossings of the Hudson River
Upstream
Haverstraw–Ossining Ferry
New Tappan Zee Bridge
Downstream
George Washington Bridge
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Hat-trick
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Hat trick (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A hat-trick or hat trick is the achievement of a positive feat three times in a game, or another achievement based on the number three.
Contents
1 Origin
2 Association football
3 Baseball
4 Cricket
5 Darts
6 Hockey
6.1 Variations
7 Lacrosse
8 Marbles
9 Motor racing
10 Poker
11 Rugby football
12 Scrabble
13 Handball/Water polo
14 See also
15 References
Origin[edit]
The term first appeared in 1858 in cricket, to describe H. H. Stephenson's taking three wickets with three consecutive deliveries. Fans held a collection for Stephenson, and presented him with a hat bought with the proceeds.[1] The term was used in print for the first time in 1865.[2] The term was eventually adopted by many other sports including hockey, association football, water polo, and team handball.
Association football[edit]
See also: Lists of hat-tricks, List of FIFA World Cup hat-tricks, and List of UEFA Champions League hat-tricks
A hat-trick occurs in association football when a player scores three goals (not necessarily consecutive) in a single game, whereas scoring two goals constitutes a brace.[3][4] In common with other official record-keeping rules, penalty-kick goals are counted but goals in a penalty shootout are excluded from the tally.[5] The extra time in a knockout cup match may also be calculated towards a player's potential hat-trick. The fastest recorded time to score a hat-trick is 70 seconds, a record set by Alex Torr in a Sunday league game in 2013.[6] The previous record of 90 seconds was held by Tommy Ross playing for Ross County against Nairn County on 28 November 1964.[7]
After just 18 months and 17 days, the book on the greatest hat-trick of the 21st century was already closed.
— Rob Smyth of The Guardian on Rivaldo’s hat-trick for Barcelona against Valencia in June 2001.[8]
The first hat-trick in an international game was by Scottish player John McDougall, against England on 2 March 1878.[9] American player Bert Patenaude scored the first hat-trick in the FIFA World Cup, against Paraguay in the inaugural event. Two hat-tricks have been scored in a World Cup final, by Geoff Hurst for England in the 1966 final during extra time against West Germany,[10] and Carli Lloyd for the USA against Japan in the 2015 Women's World Cup final. Lloyd's was the fastest hat-trick scored in a World Cup final at 13 minutes from first to last goal, and at 16 minutes the fastest from kickoff in any World Cup match for either sex. However, the fastest World Cup hat-trick for either men or women, as measured by time between goals, belongs to Fabienne Humm of Switzerland, who scored in the 47th, 49th and 52nd minutes against Ecuador in the 2015 group stage.
Football has also extended the term to include the phrase perfect hat-trick, achieved when a player scores one right-footed goal, one left-footed goal and one headed goal within one match.[11][12] In Germany and Austria, the term (lupenreiner) Hattrick ("flawless hat-trick") refers to when a player scores three goals in a row in one half without the half-time break or a goal scored by another player interrupting the performance.
Traditionally, a player who scores a hat-trick is allowed to keep the match ball as a memento.[13]
Baseball[edit]
In the past, the term was occasionally used to describe when a player struck out three times in a baseball game, and the term golden sombrero was more commonly used when a player struck out four times in a game.
In recent years, hat trick has been more often used to describe when a player hits three home runs in a game.
For example, on 29 August 2015, Toronto Blue Jays fans celebrated Edwin Encarnación's third home run of the game by throwing hats onto the field, similar to the tradition in ice hockey.[14] The phenomenon continued during the 2016 season, and on 17 June 2016, a number of Blue Jays fans at Oriole Park at Camden Yards threw hats on to the field after Toronto Blue Jays player Michael Saunders hit his third home run of the night, and again on 28 August at Rogers Centre, when Blue Jays player Josh Donaldson hitting his third home run of the game in the eighth inning against the Minnesota Twins.
Cricket[edit]
See also: List of Test cricket hat-tricks, List of One Day International cricket hat-tricks, List of Twenty20 International cricket hat-tricks, and List of first-class cricket records § Hat-tricks
A hat-trick occurs in cricket when a bowler dismisses three batsmen with consecutive deliveries. The deliveries may be interrupted by an over bowled by another bowler from the other end of the pitch or the other team's innings, but must be three consecutive deliveries by the individual bowler in the same match. Only wickets attributed to the bowler count towards a hat-trick; run outs do not count.
In some countries, especially Australia, four wickets in four balls is sometimes referred to as a double hat-trick on the basis that there are two ways of compiling the three-in-three sequence (i.e. wickets 1,2 and 3 or wickets 2,3 and 4). However, the four successive wickets taken by Lasith Malinga of Sri Lanka in 2007 are recorded as a single hat-trick in the official records.
Hat-tricks are rare, and as such are treasured by bowlers. In Test cricket history there have been just 43 hat-tricks, the first achieved by Fred Spofforth for Australia against England in 1879. In 1912, Australian Jimmy Matthews achieved the feat twice in one game against South Africa. The only other players to achieve two hat-tricks are Australia's Hugh Trumble, against England in 1902 and 1904, Pakistan's Wasim Akram, in separate games against Sri Lanka in 1999, and England's Stuart Broad.
In One Day International cricket there have been 36 hat-tricks, the first by Jalal-ud-Din for Pakistan against Australia in 1982, and the most recent by Kuldeep Yadav.
Lasith Malinga is the only bowler to take three hat-tricks in any form of international cricket with his three in ODI. Three players have taken at least two ODI hat-tricks in their careers: Wasim Akram and Saqlain Mushtaq of Pakistan and Chaminda Vaas of Sri Lanka. (Akram therefore has four international hat-tricks in total).
Taking two wickets in two consecutive deliveries is occasionally known as a brace, or (more commonly, especially until the next delivery has been made) being on a hat-trick.
The feat of taking four wickets in four balls has occurred only once in international one-day cricket, in the 2007 World Cup, when Sri Lanka's Lasith Malinga managed the feat against South Africa by dismissing Shaun Pollock, Andrew Hall, Jacques Kallis and Makhaya Ntini, though it has occurred on other occasions in first-class cricket. Kevan James of Hampshire took four wickets in four balls and scored a century in the same county game against India in 1996. The Cricinfo report on the game claimed that this was unique in cricket.[15][16]
Nuwan Zoysa of Sri Lanka is the only bowler to achieve a hat-trick off his first three balls in a Test, dismissing Murray Goodwin, Neil Johnson and Trevor Gripper of Zimbabwe.[17] In 2006 Irfan Pathan of India achieved a hat-trick in the first over of the test match, off the last three balls, when dismissing Salman Butt, Younis Khan and Mohammad Yousuf of Pakistan. Chaminda Vaas is the only one to achieve a hat-trick of the very first deliveries in one day internationals, against Bangladesh in the tenth match of 2003 ICC World Cup at City Oval, Pietermaritzburg. He got Hannan Sarkar, Mohammad Ashraful and Ehsanul Haque out in the first three balls and took his fourth wicket in the fifth ball of the same over, just missing the double-hat-trick.
Albert Trott and Joginder Rao are the only two bowlers credited with two hat-tricks in the same innings in first-class cricket. One of Trott's two hat-tricks, for Middlesex against Somerset at Lords in 1907, was a four in four.
Some hat-tricks are particularly extraordinary. On 2 December 1988, Merv Hughes, playing for Australia, dismissed Curtly Ambrose with the last ball of his penultimate over and Patrick Patterson with the first ball of his next over, wrapping up the West Indies first innings. When Hughes returned to bowl in the West Indies second innings, he trapped Gordon Greenidge lbw with his first ball, completing a hat-trick over two different innings and becoming the only player in Test cricket history to achieve the three wickets of a hat-trick in three different overs.
In 1844, underarm bowler William Clark, playing for "England" against Kent, achieved a hat-trick spread over two innings, dismissing Kent batsman John Fagge twice within the hat-trick. Fagge batted at number 11 in the first innings and at number 3 in the second. This event is believed to be unique in first-class cricket.[18]
For Gloucestershire against Yorkshire in 1922, CWL Parker had a hat-trick that was so nearly five wickets in five balls: he actually struck the stumps with five successive deliveries, but the second was a no-ball.
The most involved hat-trick was perhaps when Melbourne club cricketer Stephen Hickman, playing for Power House in March 2002, achieved a hat-trick spread over three overs, two days, two innings, involving the same batsman twice, and observed by the same non-striker, with the hat-trick ball being bowled from the opposite end to the first two. In the Mercantile Cricket Association C Grade semi-final at Fawkner Park, South Yarra, Gunbower United Cricket Club were 8 for 109 when Hickman came on to bowl his off spin. He took a wicket with the last ball of his third over and then bowled number 11 batsman Richard Higgins with the first ball of his next over to complete the Gunbower innings, leaving Chris Taylor the not out batsman. Power House scored 361, putting the game out of reach of Gunbower. In the second innings opener Taylor was joined by Higgins at the fall of the fourth wicket as Hickman returned to the attack. With his first ball, observed by an incredulous Taylor at the non-striker's end, he clean bowled Higgins, leaving Higgins with a pair of golden ducks.[19]
A triple hat-trick was achieved by Scott Babot of Wainuiomata Cricket Club playing in the Senior 3 competition in New Zealand in 2008. It consisted of five wickets in five balls, across two innings and separated by seven days, as the match took place on consecutive Saturdays.[20]
Another triple hat trick was taken by Hanuman Choudhary when playing for the Cricket Association of Memphis team (CAM) against Wolfpacks in the Arkansas Tennessee Cricket League on 23 October 2016, in the semifinal of India Association of Memphis tournament in Memphis Premier League 3. His five consecutive dismissals helped close the innings from 142–5 to 142 all out.[21]
A 'perfect over' of 6 wickets taken with 6 consecutive balls was achieved by Australian Aled Carey on 21 January 2017 while bowling for his club Golden Point against East Ballarat. This very rare quadruple Hat-Trick consisted of 2 catches, an LBW and 3 bowled.[22]
There are very few cases of a fielder or wicket keeper taking a hat-trick of dismissals off consecutive deliveries in first-class cricket, and none in international cricket. The first such instance is the only known hat-trick of stumpings by a wicket keeper: WH Brain for Gloucestershire against Somerset in 1893, all off the bowling of CL Townend. There has never been a first-class wicket-keeping hat-trick that mixes catches and stumpings, but four other wicket-keepers have taken a hat-trick of catches: KR Meherhomji for Railways vs Freelooters at Secunderabad (the only instance outside England) in 1931, GO Dawkes for Derbyshire vs Worcestershire at Kidderminster in 1958, RC Russell for Gloucestershire against Surrey at The Oval in 1986, and T Frost for Warwickshire against Surrey at Edgbaston in 2003. (In Russell and Frost's cases, no bowler took a hat-trick since their catches were taken off different bowlers in successive overs: Meherhomji's and Dawkes's feats were hat-tricks for the bowlers as well, L Ramji and HL Jackson.) There are only two recorded cases of a hat-trick of catches being recorded by a non-wicket-keeper, both of which were also hat-tricks for the bowler as well: GJ Thompson, for Northants against Warwickshire at Edgbaston in 2014 (all off SG Smith), and Marcus Trescothick for Somerset against Notts in 2018 at Trent Bridge (all off Craig Overton). Interestingly, Trescothick - though more famous as a batsman and only an occasional bowler - has also taken a hat-trick as a bowler, in 1995 against the Young Australians.
Darts[edit]
A hat-trick in darts is a score of three consecutive bullseyes, also known as the "Alan Evans Shot", after Alan Evans scored three bulleyes during a match on numerous occasions.[23]
Hockey[edit]
This section includes citations that are incomplete. Please improve these citations so that sources are clearly identifiable. Several templates are available to assist in formatting. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Hats on the Verizon Center ice after Alex Ovechkin's hat trick, 7 February 2010
In field hockey and ice hockey, a hat trick occurs when a player scores three goals in a single game. A hat trick in ice hockey, as it is known in its current form, culminates with fans throwing hats onto the ice from the stands. The tradition is said to have begun among fans in the National Hockey League around the 1950s.[24] There are several conflicting legends of how the "hat trick" was popularised in professional hockey. Most stories involve hats being awarded to any of the local players who scored three goals in a game. According to the NHL, in the 1940s, a Toronto haberdasher used to give free hats to players with the Toronto Maple Leafs when they scored three goals in a game.[25]
Montreal hatter Henri Henri makes a similar claim, that between 1950 and 1970 they would reward any NHL player who scored three or more goals in a game at the Montreal Forum with a free hat.[26]
Finally, in the 1950s, the Guelph Biltmore Mad Hatters of the Ontario Hockey Association, who were then a farm team of the NHL's New York Rangers, were sponsored by Guelph-based Biltmore Hats, a leading manufacturer of hats with North American dominance. The sponsor would award any Madhatters player who scored three goals in a game with a new fedora.[27]
In a slightly different account, the expression originates not with any member of a team, but with a particular player. According to legend, Chicago Blackhawks forward Alex Kaleta entered the shop of Toronto businessman Sammy Taft to purchase a new hat, but did not have enough money. Taft arranged a deal with Kaleta stipulating that if Kaleta scored three goals as he played the Toronto Maple Leafs that night, Taft would give him a free hat. That night, on 26 January 1946, Kaleta scored four goals against the Maple Leafs and Taft made good on his offer.[28] This is the story accepted as the origin of the phrase in hockey by the Hockey Hall of Fame.[29]
While charming fables, all these explanations of the introduction of the term "hat trick" in hockey are too late to be true. On 8 December 1933, the Winnipeg Free Press[full citation needed] describes a hockey game in which "Romeo Rivers, rugged wingman" for the Monarchs scored three goals in the same game, describing how "Romeo completed his ‘hat trick’" when he scored his third goal of the night after taking a pass from a teammate who had drawn the goalie out of position.
The 16 January 1939 Lethbridge Herald (p.10)[full citation needed] describes a hockey game in which the Lethbridge Maple Leafs defeated the Calgary Stampeders and Jimmie McIndoe of the Leafs "turned the hat trick, when he converted three straight consecutive passes" from a teammate.
By 1944, the term "hat trick" was so well established in hockey that the Winnipeg Free Press (29 November 1944, p. 14)[full citation needed] reports that "hockey's traditional ‘hat-trick’ – the feat of scoring three goals in a single game – will receive official recognition from the Amateur Hockey Association" of the US by awarding a small silver derby hat to players to mark the accomplishment. Thus, by 1944 the term "hat trick" was common enough to be termed "traditional." Given how frequently the words "hat trick" were used in sports reporting on cricket and association football in the early 20th century, the term was probably routinely used in hockey by the early 1930s.
Wayne Gretzky holds the NHL record for the most hat tricks in a career with 50. Harry Hyland scored the league's first hat trick, in the league's very first game on 19 December 1917, in which Hyland's Montreal Wanderers defeated the Toronto Arenas 10–9.[30]
Variations[edit]
A natural hat trick occurs when a player scores three consecutive goals, uninterrupted by any other player scoring for either team.[31]
The NHL record for the fastest natural hat trick is 2 minutes and 21 seconds, set by Bill Mosienko in 1952 for the Chicago Blackhawks.[32]
A Gordie Howe hat trick is a tongue-in-cheek play on the feat. It is achieved by scoring a goal, getting an assist, and getting in a fight, all in the same game. Namesake Gordie Howe himself only recorded two in his NHL career, as opposed to league leader Rick Tocchet, who accrued 18 Gordie Howe hat tricks.[33]
In December 1995, Florida Panthers captain Scott Mellanby scored a rat trick, the term coined by teammate John Vanbiesbrouck. Prior to the game, Mellanby killed a rat in the Panthers' locker room with his hockey stick, and proceeded to score a pair of goals later that night.[34] When Mellanby scored a hat trick in a later game, some Florida fans threw plastic rats on the ice, a tradition that continued for all Panthers' goals throughout the 1996 playoffs. Due to the resulting game delays caused by the necessary clean-up of the plastic rats, the league eventually banned the activity and modified Rule 63 to impose a minor penalty against the home team for a violation.[35] The more traditional practice of fans throwing hats on the ice following genuine hat tricks remains exempt from this penalty.
Lacrosse[edit]
A hat-trick in lacrosse is when a player scores three goals in one game.
Marbles[edit]
In marbles, a hat-trick occurs when a player hits all marbles in a single turn.
Motor racing[edit]
In motor racing, three successive race wins, winning the same event three times in a row, or securing pole position, fastest lap and race victory in one event may all be referred to as a hat-trick.
Poker[edit]
Eliminating three players from a table with one hand in live poker play is sometimes referred to as a hat-trick and is incredibly rare. It is a much more frequent occurrence in online poker games, given the faster and greater number of hands played in online tournaments and the continuing presence of multiple "all-in" players during the early stages of tournament play as players look to build large chip stacks quickly and early.
Checking and raising an opponent three times,[36] as well as winning the European Poker Tour (EPT), World Series of Poker (WSOP), and World Poker Tour (WPT) in the same year,[37] are also called hat tricks in poker.
Rugby football[edit]
See also: List of Rugby World Cup hat-tricks
In both codes of rugby football (rugby union and rugby league) a hat-trick is when a player scores three or more tries in a game. In rugby union, a related concept is that of a "full house" (scoring a try, conversion, penalty goal, and drop goal) in a single game. When a player scored two tries, this is often referred to as a brace. As with association football, it is common to award the match ball to a player who scores a hat-trick.
Ken Irvine and Frank Burge both scored 16 hat-tricks in Australian first grade rugby league[38]
Shaun Johnson scored a hat-trick in under 6 minutes against the Canberra Raiders in 2013, and in the 2017 Rugby League World Cup, Valentine Holmes scored a double hat-trick (6 tries) against Fiji.
Scrabble[edit]
In Scrabble, a hat-trick occurs when a player plays three consecutive bingos.
Handball/Water polo[edit]
In handball or water polo, if a player scores three times in a game, a hat trick is made.
See also[edit]
Look up hat trick in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Hitting for the cycle
Nap hand
Trifecta
Triple Crown (disambiguation)
Turkey (bowling)
Triple double
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Extended Oxford English Dictionary 1999 Edition : "It came into use after HH Stephenson took three wickets in three balls for the all-England eleven against the twenty-two of Hallam at the Hyde Park ground, Sheffield in 1858. A collection was held for Stephenson (as was customary for outstanding feats by professionals) and he was presented with a cap or hat bought with the proceeds."
Jump up ^ A report of a match between Grays and Romford in "The Chelmsford Chronicle". 23 June 1865. OCLC 866859233. OCLC 17645885, 702688846, 42349342. (Subscription required (help)). Mr Biddell...with his second ball bowled the Romford leviathan Mr Beauchamp and afterwards effected the hat-trick by getting three wickets in the over. [verification needed]
Jump up ^ Soccer Definitions & Slang Terms soccer-training-info.com
Jump up ^ "Brace" means two of a kind or a pair of something Harper Collins
Jump up ^ Kicks from the penalty mark (aka penalty shootout) are not part of the match. IFAB (July 2009). "Laws of the Game 2009/2010" (PDF). Zürich: FIFA. p. 130. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
Jump up ^ Steve White (3 May 2013). "Sunday league footballer scores hat-trick in record-breaking 70 seconds". mirror. Retrieved 6 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fastest time to score a hat-trick, Football". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Joy of Six: classiest hat-tricks". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Scotland – International Matches 1872–1880 Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
Jump up ^ "ON THIS DAY 30 July – 1966: Football glory for England". BBC. 30 July 1966. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Michel Platini: Uefa chief has his critics but is used to success, Ben Smith, 9 December 2012
Jump up ^ Alberto Bueno scored four La Liga goals in ..16 .. minutes , BBC News, 28 February 2015
Jump up ^ Turner, Georgina (2004-01-28). "The knowledge: Who gets the match ball?". the Guardian. Retrieved 2018-06-25.
Jump up ^ "Hat trick! Edwin Encarnación hits three homers, drives in nine in Jays win". Yahoo! Sports. 29 August 2015.
Jump up ^ "Hampshire v Indians, Match Report". CricInfo. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
Jump up ^ "Hampshire v Indians at Southampton, 29 June-1 July 1996". CricInfo. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
Jump up ^ "Cricket: Zoysa performs opening hat-trick". London: The Independent. 27 November 1999. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Stirling's gold, and the not-so-roaring forties". CricInfo. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
Jump up ^ Warwick Franks, Australian Wisden Cricketers' Almanack 2002, Hardie Grant Books, p. 50.
Jump up ^ "Cricket Wellington – Babot: Triple Hat-trick". cricketwellington.co.nz. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "CricHQ – Making cricket even better". crichq.com. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Six of best for Aussie club bowler Aled Carey". The New Zealand Herald. 26 January 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Edwards, Dave (6 January 2011). "Darts: Sporting giants face-off". Wales Online. Archived from the original on 23 February 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Guelph's tricky claim". 'Guelph Mercury'. 21 March 2009. Archived from the original on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2009.
Jump up ^ "Miscellaneous Trivia". NHL.
Jump up ^ "About Henri Henri". Henri Henri. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Hat Trick Returns to Its Hockey Birthplace". GuelphStorm.com. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Toronto Invents: The Hat Trick". Torontoist. Retrieved 21 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Hockey Hall of Fame Resource Centre.
Jump up ^ Boswell, Randy (April 16, 2017). "Solving the mystery of the NHL's 1st game". CBC News. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Adam Kimmelman, Jonah Bruce (15 November 2010). "Hat tricks coming at a fairly frequent pace". NHL Insider. NHL. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "Ryan's natural hat trick not enough as Ducks fall to Kings". The Sports Network. Archived from the original on 22 December 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
Jump up ^ John McGourty (25 January 2010). "Going inside the "Gordie Howe Hat Trick"". Inside NHL. NHL. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Montville, Leigh (10 June 1996). "Rat Pack". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "OFFICIAL NHL RULES – Rule 63, Delaying the Game". Retrieved 13 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Fast 2014-09-16: Poker's hat trick". Poker1.com | Mike Caro. 2014-09-16. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
Jump up ^ "Top 5 UK Poker Pros: Their Stories & Career Earnings". www.pokersites.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
Jump up ^ "Rugby League Tables / Scoring Records". afltables.com. Retrieved 6 July 2015. .
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values: Хеттрик (футбол) – Bulgarian

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https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick
Hat-trick – Catalan
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Hattrick – Czech
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Hattrick – Danish
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Hattrick – German
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Tripleta – Spanish
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Hat-trick – Basque
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Hat-trick – Croatian
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Hattrick – Indonesian
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values: Хет-трик – Kazakh

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values: ハットトリック – Japanese

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https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hat-trick
Hat-trick – Norwegian
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Hat-trick – Norwegian Nynorsk
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Hat trick – Polish
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Hat-trick – Portuguese
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Hat-trick – Romanian
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Hat-trick – Slovenian
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Het trik – Serbo-Croatian
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Hat trick – Swedish
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Hat trick – Turkish
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