text:
List of major rivers of India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Map of the major rivers, lakes, and reservoirs in India
Map showing rivers and flood prone areas in India
The rivers of India play an important role in the lives of the Indians. They provide potable water, cheap transportation, electricity, and the livelihood for a large number of people all over the country. This easily explains why nearly all the major cities of India are located by the banks of rivers. The rivers also have an important role in Hindu Dharma and are considered holy by all Hindus in the country.[1]
Seven major rivers along with their numerous tributaries make up the river system of India. The largest basin system of the rivers pour their waters into the Bay of Bengal; however, some of the rivers whose courses take them through the western part of the country and towards the east of the state of Himachal Pradesh empty into the Arabian Sea. Parts of Ladakh, northern parts of the Aravalli range and the arid parts of the Thar Desert have inland drainage.
All major rivers of India originate from one of the following main watersheds:
Aravalli range
Himalaya and Karakoram ranges
Sahyadri or Western Ghats in western India
Vindhya and Satpura ranges and Chotanagpur plateau in central India
Himalayan glaciers in the Indian subcontinent are broadly divided into the three river basins, namely the Indus, Ganga and Brahmaputra. The Indus basin has the largest number of glaciers (3500), whereas the Ganga and Brahmaputra basins contain about 1000 and 660 glaciers, respectively.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 The Indo-Gangetic Plains
2 Aravalli Range River System
3 Ganges River System
4 Indus River system
5 Annual flows and other data
6 The Peninsular River system
7 See also
8 References
The Indo-Gangetic Plains[edit]
Known as Ganga-Satluj Ka Maidaan (गँगा सतलुज का मैदान), this area is drained by 16 major rivers. The major Himalayan Rivers are the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra. These rivers are long, and are joined by many large and important tributaries. Himalayan rivers have long courses from their source to sea (in India Arabian sea and Bay of Bengal).
Laxman Jhoola in Rishikesh
Aravalli Range River System[edit]
Following rivers flow from the Aravalli range, both northwards to Yamuna as well as southwards to Arabian Sea.
North-to-south flowing rivers, originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, pass through the southeastern portion of the Thar Desert, and end into Gujarat.
Luni River, originates in the Pushkar valley near Ajmer, ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch.
Sakhi river, ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch.
Sabarmati River, originates one the western slopes of Aravalli range of the Udaipur District, end into the Gulf of Cambay of Arabian Sea.
West to north-west flowing rivers, originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, flow through semi-arid historical Shekhawati region, drain into southern Haryana. Several Ochre Coloured Pottery culture sites, also identified as late Harappan phase of Indus Valley Civilisation culture,[3] has been found along the banks of these rivers.
Sahibi River, originates near Manoharpur in Sikar district flows through Haryana, along with its following tributaries:[4][5][6][7]
Dohan river, tributary of Sahibi river, originates near Neem Ka Thana in Alwar district).
Sota River, tributary of Sahibi river, merges with Sahibi river at Behror in Alwar district.
Krishnavati river, former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near near Dariba copper mines in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan, flows through Patan in Dausa district and Mothooka in Alwar district, then disappears in Mahendragarh district in Haryana much before reaching Sahibi river.
West to north-east flowing rivers, originating from the eastern slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, flow northwards to Yamuna.
Chambal River, a southern-side tributary of Yamuna river.
Banas River, a northern-side tributary of Chambal river.
Berach River, a southern-side tributary of Banas River, originates in the hills of Udaipur District.
Ahar River, a right-side (or eastern side) tributary of the Berach river, originates in the hills of Udaipur District, flows through Udaipur city forming the famous Lake Pichola.
Wagli Wagon River, a right-side tributary of the Berach River.
Gambhiri River, a right-side tributary of the Berach river.
Orai River, a right-side tributary of the Berach River.
Ganges River System[edit]
The major rivers in this system are (in order of merging, from west to east)
Ganga - Starting from Gangotri Glacier, Uttarakhand
Chambal -Flows through Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and merges into Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh
Betwa - Not Himalayan river, covers Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh before merging into Yamuna
Yamuna - Yamuna runs its most of the course parallel to Ganga before contributing its water to Ganga at Allahabad
Gomti - Starts near the junction of three borders viz. Nepal, Uttarakhand and UP
Ghaghra - Starts in Nepal near Uttarakhand
Son - Not Himalayan river, covers MP, UP, Jharkhand and Bihar. Largest of Ganga's southern tributaries
Gandak - Starts from Nepal
Kosi - Starts from Bihar, near Indo-Nepal border
Brahmaputra - Merges with Ganga to form the grand river (but short in length) - Padma in Bangladesh. By now, flow velocity of both rivers slow down to considerable extent as they are in plains now.
Before entering Bangladesh, Ganga leaves a distributary Hoogly, which provides water for irrigation in West Bengal
Indus River system[edit]
The Indus River originates in the northern slopes of the Kailash range near Lake Mansarovar in Tibet. Although most of the river's course runs through neighbouring Pakistan, as per as regulation of Indus water treaty of 1960, India can use only 20 percent of the water in this river. A portion of it does run through Indian territory, as do parts of the courses of its five major tributaries, listed below. These tributaries are the source of the name of the Punjab of South Asia; the name is derived from the punch ("five") and aab ("water"), hence the combination of the words (Punjab) means "land with the water of five rivers". The Indus is 3,200 kilometres (2,000 mi) long.
The major rivers in Indus river system are (in order of their length):
Indus - 3,202 kilometres (1,990 mi)
Chenab - 960 kilometres (600 mi)
Jhelum - 813 kilometres (505 mi)
Ravi - 720 kilometres (450 mi)
Sutlej - 529 kilometres (329 mi)
Beas - 460 kilometres (290 mi)
Shyok
Zanskar
Annual flows and other data[edit]
India experiences an average precipitation of 1,170 millimetres (46 in) per year, or about 4,000 cubic kilometres (960 cu mi) of rains annually.[8] Some 80 percent of its area experiences rains of 750 millimetres (30 in) or more a year. However, this rain is not uniform in time or geography. Most of the rains occur during its monsoon seasons (June to September), with the northeast and north receiving far more rains than India's west and south. Other than rains, the melting of snow year round over the Himalayas feeds the northern rivers to varying degrees. The southern rivers, however experience more flow variability over the year. For the Himalayan basin, this leads to flooding in some months and water scarcity in others. Despite extensive river system, safe clean drinking water as well as irrigation water supplies for sustainable agriculture are in shortage across India, in part because it has, as yet, harnessed a small fraction of its available and recoverable surface water resource.[9] India harnessed 761 cubic kilometres (183 cu mi) (20 percent) of its water resources in 2010, part of which came from unsustainable use of groundwater. Of the water it withdrew from its rivers and groundwater wells, India dedicated about 688 cubic kilometres (165 cu mi) to irrigation, 56 cubic kilometres (13 cu mi) to municipal and drinking water applications and 17 cubic kilometres (4.1 cu mi) to industry.[8]
According to 2011 report of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, India's basin wise distribution of catchment area and utilizable surface water resources is presented in the following table:[8]
[hide]Basin number
River basin unit
Region
Draining into
Catchment area
(% of river
irrigated India)
Average
runoff
(km3)
Additional available
surface water
(km3)
1.1 Ganges (GBM) North Bangladesh 26.5 525.02 250
1.2 Brahmaputra (GBM) Northeast Bangladesh 6 537.24 24
1.3 Meghna/Barak (GBM) East Bangladesh 1.5 48.36
2 Other Northeast rivers Northeast Myanmar,
Bangladesh 1.1 31
3 Subernarekha East-southeast Bay of Bengal 0.9 12.37
4 Brahmani-Baitarani East-southeast Bay of Bengal 1.6 28.48 6.8
5 Mahanadi Central-east Bay of Bengal 4.4 66.88 18.3
6 Godavari Central Bay of Bengal 9.7 110.54 50
7 Krishna Central Bay of Bengal 8 78.12 76.3
8 Pennar Southeast Bay of Bengal 1.7 6.32 58
9 Kaveri South Bay of Bengal 2.5 21.36 6.9
10 East flowing rivers between Mahanadi and Pennar Central-east Bay of Bengal 2.7 22.52 19
11 East flowing rivers between Kanyakumari and Pennar Southeast Bay of Bengal 3.1 16.46 13.1
12 West flowing rivers between Tadri and Kanyakumari Southwest Arabian Sea 1.7 113.53 16.7
13 West flowing rivers between Tapi and Tadri Southwest Arabian Sea 1.7 87.41 24.3
14 Tapi Central-west Arabian Sea 2 14.88 11.9
15 Narmada Central-west Arabian Sea 3.1 45.64 14.5
16 Mahi Northwest Arabian Sea 1.1 11.02 34.5
17 Sabarmati Northwest Arabian Sea 0.7 3.81 3.1
18 West flowing rivers between Kutch and Saurashtra Northwest Arabian Sea 10 15.1 1.9
19 Rajasthan inland basin Northwest India 0 Negligible 15
20 Indus tributaries Northwest Pakistan 10 73.31 46
Total
(per International Treaty) 100 1869.37
The Peninsular River system[edit]
The main water divide in peninsular rivers is formed by the Western Ghats, which run from north to south close to the western coast. Most of the major rivers of the peninsula such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri flow eastwards and drain into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers make delta at their mouths. The Narmada, Periyar and Tapti are the only long rivers, which flow west and make estuaries.
This chart shows the tributaries and distributaries of major rivers of India. The merging of cells to the right side each time indicates getting supply from a tributary and vice versa. The bottom-most row shows other rivers with no major helping rivers (Saryu is an exception). Flow of the rivers is assumed to be from left to right.
See also[edit]
Indian Rivers Inter-link
Amazon river basin
Rhine river basin
Danube river basin
Nile river basin
ganga
Kannur
Trivandrum
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Sunil Vaidyanathan, Rivers of India, ISBN 978-8189738884, 2012
Jump up ^ http://www.ijsce.org/attachments/File/v3i1/A1288033113.pdf page no 361
Jump up ^ Gupta, S.P. (ed.) (1995), The lost Sarasvati and the Indus Civilization, Jodhpur: Kusumanjali Prakashan CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume, Vijai Shankar Śrivastava, 1981. ISBN 0391023586
Jump up ^ Sahibi river
Jump up ^ Books: Page 41, 42, 43, 44, 47 (b) Sahibi Nadi (River), River Pollution, By A.k.jain
Jump up ^ Minerals and Metals in Ancient India: Archaeological evidence, Arun Kumar Biswas, Sulekha Biswas, University of Michigan. 1996. ISBN 812460049X.
^ Jump up to: a b c FAO, India - Rivers Catchment, Aquastat, United Nations (2011)
Jump up ^ K.L. Rao, India's Water Wealth, ISBN 978-8125007043, 1979
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You Shook Me All Night Long
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the Muddy Waters song made popular by Led Zeppelin, see You Shook Me.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"You Shook Me All Night Long"
Single by AC/DC
from the album Back in Black
B-side
"Have a Drink on Me"
Released
19 August 1980
Format
7 inch
Recorded
1980
Genre
Hard rock
Length
3:32
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Angus Young, Malcolm Young and Brian Johnson
Producer(s)
Robert John "Mutt" Lange
AC/DC singles chronology
"Touch Too Much"
(1980) "You Shook Me All Night Long"
(1980) "Hells Bells"
(1980)
Alternative cover
1986 re-release
Music video
"You Shook Me All Night Long"
"You Shook Me All Night Long" (Who Made Who)
on YouTube
"You Shook Me All Night Long" is a song by Australian hard rock band AC/DC, from the album Back in Black. The song also reappeared on their later album Who Made Who. AC/DC's first single with Brian Johnson as the lead singer, it reached number 35 on the USA's Hot 100 pop singles chart in 1980. The single was re-released internationally in 1986, following the release of the album Who Made Who. The re-released single in 1986 contains the B-side(s): B1. "She's Got Balls" (Live, Bondi Lifesaver '77); B2. "You Shook Me All Night Long" (Live '83 – 12-inch maxi-single only).
Contents
1 Critical reception
2 Live versions
3 Composition
4 Music video
5 Controversy
6 Charts and certifications
6.1 Weekly charts
6.2 Year-end charts
6.3 Certifications
7 In popular culture
8 References
Critical reception[edit]
"You Shook Me All Night Long" placed at number 10 on VH1's list of "The 100 Greatest Songs of the 80s". It was also number 1 on VH1's "Top Ten AC/DC Songs". Guitar World placed "You Shook Me All Night Long" at number 80 on their "100 Greatest Guitar Solos" list.
Robert Christgau regarded it as a "drum-hooked fucksong" and the band's "only great work of art".[1]
Live versions[edit]
The song has also become a staple of AC/DC concerts, and is rarely excluded from the setlist.[2]
Four live versions of the song were officially released. The first one appeared on the 1986 maxi-single "You Shook Me All Night Long"; the second one was included on the band's album Live; the third version is on the soundtrack to the Howard Stern movie Private Parts, and also appears on the AC/DC box set Backtracks; and the fourth one is on the band's live album, Live at River Plate.[citation needed]
"You Shook Me All Night Long" was also the second song to be played by AC/DC on Saturday Night Live in 2000, following their performance of "Stiff Upper Lip."[3] When AC/DC was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2003 by Steven Tyler of Aerosmith, they performed this song with Tyler.[4]
Johnson performed the song with Billy Joel at Madison Square Garden in New York, US in March 2014. The Salon publication stated on the following morning in its introduction to the video footage of the performance: "This will either be your favorite video today, or a total musical nightmare!"[5]
Composition[edit]
The song is in the key G major. The main verse and riff follows a G–C–D chord progression. The lyrics borrow heavily from the Willie Dixon tune "You Shook Me".
Music video[edit]
Two versions of the music video exist. The first version, directed by Eric Dionysius and Eric Mistler,[6] is similar to the other Back in Black videos ("Back in Black", "Hells Bells", "What Do You Do For Money Honey", "Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution" and "Let Me Put My Love Into You") and is available on the special Back in Black, The Videos. It is also included on the Backtracks box set.[citation needed]
In the second version, directed by David Mallet[7] and released six years after the song's original release, Angus and Malcolm Young follow Johnson around the English town of Huddersfield, with Angus Young wearing his signature schoolboy outfit. The video clip casts the English glamour model Corinne Russell, a former Hill's Angel and Page 3 Girl—along with other leather clad women wearing suits with zips at the groin region—pedaling bicycles like machines in the background.[citation needed]
The VH1 series Pop-Up Video revealed that, during the scene with the mechanical bull, the woman playing Johnson's lover accidentally jabbed herself with her spur twice. The roadie who came to her aid married her a year later, and Angus Young gave them a mechanical bull as a wedding present as a joke. The original 1980 video Phil Rudd played drums, while the 1986 video showed Simon Wright, who replaced Rudd in 1983. Rudd returned to AC/DC in 1994.[citation needed]
Controversy[edit]
Jesse Fink's book Bon: The Last Highway contains claims from two former girlfriends of Bon Scott, Silver Smith and "Holly X" (a pseudonym) that Scott wrote parts of the song before his death on 19 February 1980.[8]
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1980)
Peak
position
Australian Kent Music Report[9] 8
French Singles Chart[10] 5
German Singles Chart[11] 29
Irish Singles Chart[12] 19
UK Singles Chart[13] 38
US Billboard Hot 100[14] 35
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1980)
Position
Australian Kent Music Report[9] 42
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[15]
Platinum 70,000^
Italy (FIMI)[16]
Gold 25,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[17]
Silver 250,000
United States (RIAA)[18]
(Mastertone)
Platinum 1,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
In popular culture[edit]
The song was featured in "Real Families", a 1980 episode of WKRP in Cincinnati.[19]
The song was released as a vinyl single by the band Slingshot, featuring singer Kathy Kosins, in 1983—the single was distributed only in the United States, Germany, Canada and Italy.[20]
The ending credits of the 1986 horror film Maximum Overdrive played this song throughout.
The song appears in the 2001 movie A Knight's Tale, starring Heath Ledger.[21]
Celine Dion and Anastacia performed a live duet of the song at the 2002 VH1 Divas Las Vegas concert.[22]
Shania Twain covered "You Shook Me All Night Long" in her "Up! Close and Personal" television special in 2003.
American country music duo Big & Rich covered "You Shook Me All Night Long" for their 2007 album, Between Raising Hell and Amazing Grace.[23]
The song is played in season 7, episode 13 of Supernatural, "Slice Girls".[24] It is also used in "The Road So Far" sequence of the season 4 premier "Lazarus Rising."
The song is heard in the television series New Girl.[25]
The song is played in season 1, episode 16 of Mike and Molly.[26]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Christgau, Robert (1990). "AC/DC". Christgau's Record Guide: The '80s. Pantheon Books. ISBN 067973015X. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "AC/DC Tour Statistics". Setlist.fm. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
Jump up ^ "AC/DC - You Shook Me All Night Long - Live [NBC 2000]" (Audio upload). The Unofficial AC/DC Channel on YouTube. Google, Inc. 25 July 2009. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Steven Tyler inducts AC DC Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductions 2003" (Video upload). Rock and Roll Hall of Fame + Museum on YouTube. Google, Inc. 28 October 2010. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Angela450NYC (22 March 2014). "Must-see morning clip: Billy Joel and AC/DC's Brian Johnson perform "You Shook Me All Night Long" last night" (Video upload). Salon. Salon Media Group, Inc. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "– AC/DC – "You shook me (all night long) [version 1: 1980]"". Mvdbase.com. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "– AC/DC – "You shook me (all night long) [version 2: 1986]"". Mvdbase.com. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "– Bon Scott Book Revelations: "He Was Disposable""". ultimateclassicrock.com. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
^ Jump up to: a b David Kent: Australian Chart Book
Jump up ^ "InfoDisc : Tout les Titres par Artiste". Infodisc.fr. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "Die ganze Musik im Internet: Charts, News,". musicline.de. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
Jump up ^ "Irish Charts". Irishcharts.ie. 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
Jump up ^ "UK Top 40 Chart Archive, British Singles & Album Charts". everyHit.com. Retrieved 2013-04-03.
Jump up ^ "AC/DC - Chart History". Billboard. Retrieved March 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2015 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – AC/DC – You Shook Me All Night Long" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – AC/DC – You Shook Me All Night Long". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved July 13, 2017. Select singles in the Format field. Select Silver in the Certification field. Enter You Shook Me All Night Long in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – AC/DC – You Shook Me All Night Long". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved December 31, 2015. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "WKRP Song List - Season 3". Retrieved 5 August 2018.
Jump up ^ "Slingshot – You Shook Me All Night Long". Slingshot at Discogs. Discogs. 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
Jump up ^ Colin Jacobson (3 May 2006). "A Knight's Tale: Extended Edition (2001)". DVD Movie Guide. DVD Movie Guide. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Céline Dion;Anastacia - You Shook Me All Night Long" (Video upload). CelineDionVEVO. Google, Inc. 27 March 2011. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Big and Rich Shake Up AC/DC". Spinner. 2007-05-04. Retrieved 2013-06-29.
Jump up ^ "SUPERNATURAL 7x13 (Dean and Lydia Sex Scene) You shook me all night long ACDC" (Video upload). Canal de LanaWinchester2 on YouTube. Google, Inc. 4 February 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "New Girl(ac/dc-you shook me all night long)" (Video upload). Maria Anna Paladino on YouTube. Google, Inc. 18 May 2013. Retrieved 13 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mike & Molly (TV Series) : First Valentine's Day (2011) : Soundtracks". IMDb.com. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
hide
v
t
e
AC/DC singles discography
High Voltage
"Can I Sit Next to You, Girl" (Australia)
"Baby, Please Don't Go" (Australia)
T.N.T.
"High Voltage" (Australia)
"It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" (Australia)
"T.N.T." (Australia)
High Voltage (International)
"It's a Long Way to the Top (If You Wanna Rock 'n' Roll)" (international)
"High Voltage" (international)
Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap
"Jailbreak"
"Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap"
"Love at First Feel"
Let There Be Rock
"Dog Eat Dog"
"Let There Be Rock"
"Whole Lotta Rosie"
Powerage
"Rock 'n' Roll Damnation"
Highway to Hell
"Highway to Hell"
"Girls Got Rhythm"
"Touch Too Much"
Back in Black
"You Shook Me All Night Long"
"Hells Bells"
"Back in Black"
"Rock and Roll Ain't Noise Pollution"
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5 Whys
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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5 Whys is an iterative interrogative technique used to explore the cause-and-effect relationships underlying a particular problem.[1] The primary goal of the technique is to determine the root cause of a defect or problem by repeating the question "Why?" Each answer forms the basis of the next question. The "5" in the name derives from an anecdotal observation on the number of iterations needed to resolve the problem.
The technique was formally developed by Taiichi Ohno and was used within the Toyota Motor Corporation during the evolution of its manufacturing methodologies. In other companies, it appears in other forms. Under Ricardo Semler, Semco practices "three whys" and broadens the practice to cover goal setting and decision making.[2]
Not all problems have a single root cause. If one wishes to uncover multiple root causes, the method must be repeated asking a different sequence of questions each time.
The method provides no hard and fast rules about what lines of questions to explore, or how long to continue the search for additional root causes. Thus, even when the method is closely followed, the outcome still depends upon the knowledge and persistence of the people involved.
Contents
[hide]
1 Example
2 History
3 Techniques
4 Rules of performing 5 Whys
5 Criticism
6 See also
7 References
Example[edit]
The vehicle will not start. (the problem)
Why? - The battery is dead. (First why)
Why? - The alternator is not functioning. (Second why)
Why? - The alternator belt has broken. (Third why)
Why? - The alternator belt was well beyond its useful service life and not replaced. (Fourth why)
Why? - The vehicle was not maintained according to the recommended service schedule. (Fifth why, a root cause)
The questioning for this example could be taken further to a sixth, seventh, or higher level, but five iterations of asking why is generally sufficient to get to a root cause. The key is to encourage the trouble-shooter to avoid assumptions and logic traps and instead trace the chain of causality in direct increments from the effect through any layers of abstraction to a root cause that still has some connection to the original problem. Note that, in this example, the fifth why suggests a broken process or an alterable behaviour, which is indicative of reaching the root-cause level.
It is interesting to note that the last answer points to a process. This is one of the most important aspects in the 5 Why approach - the real root cause should point toward a process that is not working well or does not exist.[3] Untrained facilitators will often observe that answers seem to point towards classical answers such as not enough time, not enough investments, or not enough manpower. These answers may be true, but they are out of our control. Therefore, instead of asking the question why?, ask why did the process fail?
A key phrase to keep in mind in any 5 Why exercise is "people do not fail, processes do".
History[edit]
The technique was originally developed by Sakichi Toyoda and was used within the Toyota Motor Corporation during the evolution of its manufacturing methodologies. It is a critical component of problem-solving training, delivered as part of the induction into the Toyota Production System. The architect of the Toyota Production System, Taiichi Ohno, described the 5 Whys method as "the basis of Toyota's scientific approach . . . by repeating why five times, the nature of the problem as well as its solution becomes clear."[4] The tool has seen widespread use beyond Toyota, and is now used within Kaizen, lean manufacturing, and Six Sigma.
Techniques[edit]
Two primary techniques are used to perform a 5 Whys analysis:[5]
the fishbone (or Ishikawa) diagram
a tabular format
These tools allow for analysis to be branched in order to provide multiple root causes.[6]
Finding a solution
While the 5 Why technique is used to identify the root cause of a problem, corresponding "how" methods may be used to identify a solution to the problem. One technique is to match the 5 whys with 5 hows. Using the same logic, "how," is asked 5 times until the best solution for a problem is found.[7]
Rules of performing 5 Whys[edit]
In order to carry out the 5-Why analysis properly, the following advice should be followed:[citation needed]
It is necessary to engage the management in the 5Whys process in the company. For the analysis itself, consider what is the right working group. Also consider bringing in a facilitator for more difficult topics.
Use paper or whiteboard instead of computers.
Write down the problem and make sure that all people understand it.
Distinguish causes from symptoms.
Pay attention to the logic of cause-and-effect relationship.
Make sure that root causes certainly lead to the mistake by reversing the sentences created as a result of the analysis with the use of the expression "and therefore".
Try to make our answers more precise.
Look for the cause step by step. Don't jump to conclusions.
Base our statements on facts and knowledge.
Assess the process, not people.
Never leave "human error", "worker's inattention", "blame John" etc., as the root cause. (It's always John's fault)
Foster an atmosphere of trust and sincerity.
Ask the question "Why" until the root cause is determined, i.e. the cause the elimination of which will prevent the error from occurring again.[8]
When you form the answer for question "Why" - it should happen from the customer's point of view.
Criticism[edit]
While the 5 Whys is a powerful tool for engineers or technically savvy individuals to help get to the true causes of problems, it has been criticized by Teruyuki Minoura, former managing director of global purchasing for Toyota, as being too basic a tool to analyze root causes to the depth that is needed to ensure that they are fixed.[9] Reasons for this criticism include:
Tendency for investigators to stop at symptoms rather than going on to lower-level root causes.
Inability to go beyond the investigator's current knowledge - cannot find causes that they do not already know.
Lack of support to help the investigator ask the right "why" questions.
Results are not repeatable - different people using 5 Whys come up with different causes for the same problem.
Tendency to isolate a single root cause, whereas each question could elicit many different root causes.
These can be significant problems when the method is applied through deduction only. On-the-spot verification of the answer to the current "why" question before proceeding to the next is recommended to avoid these issues. In addition, performing logical tests for necessity and sufficiency at each level can help avoid the selection of spurious causes and promote the consideration of multiple root causes.[10]
See also[edit]
Causality
Eight Disciplines Problem Solving
Five Ws (information-gathering)
Root cause analysis
Socratic method
Why-Because analysis
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Five Whys Technique". adb.org. Asian Development Bank. February 2009. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Semler, Ricardo (2004). The Seven-Day Weekend. Penguin. ISBN 9781101216200. Ask why. Ask it all the time, ask it any day, and always ask it three times in a row.
Jump up ^ Ivan Fantin (2014). Applied Problem Solving. Method, Applications, Root Causes, Countermeasures, Poka-Yoke and A3. How to make things happen to solve problems. Milan, Italy: Createspace, an Amazon company. ISBN 978-1499122282
Jump up ^ Taiichi Ohno; foreword by Norman Bodek (1988). Toyota production system: beyond large-scale production. Portland, Or: Productivity Press. ISBN 0-915299-14-3.
Jump up ^ "An Introduction to 5-why". Retrieved 2010-03-06.
Jump up ^ "5-why Analysis using an Excel Spreadsheet Table". Retrieved 2010-12-25.
Jump up ^ "5 Why & 5 How | Root Cause Analysis | Quality-One". quality-one.com. Retrieved 2017-06-29.
Jump up ^ Brożyńska, Martyna; Kowal, Krzysztof; Lis, Anna; Szymczak, Michał (2016). 5xWhys. Method First Handbook. Łódź, Poland: 2K Consulting. p. 34. ISBN 978-83-939309-2-0.
Jump up ^ "The "Thinking" Production System: TPS as a winning strategy for developing people in the global manufacturing environment". Retrieved 2014-02-19.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Bill. "Five-by-Five Whys". www.bill-wilson.net. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
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Across the Universe (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Not to be confused with A Cross the Universe (film).
Across the Universe
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Julie Taymor
Produced by
Matthew Gross
Jennifer Todd
Suzanne Todd
Screenplay by
Dick Clement
Ian La Frenais
Story by
Dick Clement
Ian La Frenais
Julie Taymor
Starring
Evan Rachel Wood
Jim Sturgess
Joe Anderson
Dana Fuchs
Martin Luther McCoy
T.V. Carpio
Music by
Elliot Goldenthal
Cinematography
Bruno Delbonnel
Edited by
Françoise Bonnot
Production
companies
Revolution Studios
Team Todd
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures
Release date
September 14, 2007 (2007-09-14) (TIFF[1])
October 12, 2007 (2007-10-12) (United States)
Running time
133 minutes[2]
Country
United Kingdom
United States
Language
English
Budget
$70.8 million[3]
Box office
$29.4 million[4]
Across the Universe is a 2007 British-American jukebox musical romantic drama film directed by Julie Taymor, centered on songs by the English rock band the Beatles. The script is based on an original story credited to Taymor, Dick Clement, and Ian La Frenais. It incorporates 34 compositions originally written by members of the Beatles. The film stars Jim Sturgess, Evan Rachel Wood, Joe Anderson and T.V. Carpio, and introduces Dana Fuchs and Martin Luther McCoy as actors. Cameo appearances are made by Bono, Eddie Izzard, Joe Cocker, and Salma Hayek, among others.
Opening to mixed reviews, Across the Universe was nominated for both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award. Two members of the supporting cast, Carol Woods and Timothy T. Mitchum, performed as part of a special Beatles tribute at the 50th Grammy Awards.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Music
3.1 Musical numbers
3.1.1 Extended musical numbers
3.2 Soundtrack
3.2.1 Standard edition track list
3.2.2 Deluxe Edition track list
4 Production
4.1 Dispute
5 Release and reception
5.1 Critical reception
6 Awards
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
The film begins in an unspecified year of the 1960s with Jude, a young shipyard worker in Liverpool, reminiscing about a girl he once knew and loved ("Girl"). A few months prior, Jude enlists in the Merchant Navy and jumps ship in New Jersey, hoping to find his American G.I. father, whom he has never met ("Hold Me Tight", "All My Loving"). Meanwhile, Lucy Carrigan worries about her boyfriend Daniel who is headed for service in the Vietnam War; while in Dayton, Ohio, Prudence pines for a fellow female cheerleader ("I Want to Hold Your Hand"), and then drops out of school in shame. Jude meets his father, who is a janitor at Princeton University, and befriends Lucy's brother, the privileged and rebellious student Max ("With a Little Help from My Friends"). Lucy receives a letter from Daniel ("It Won't Be Long"), but when Max brings Jude home with him for Thanksgiving, Jude becomes attracted to Lucy ("I've Just Seen a Face").
Max drops out of school and he and Jude move into a bohemian enclave in Greenwich Village, living with aspiring singer Sadie. Daniel is killed in Vietnam and Jo-Jo's younger brother is killed in the 1967 Detroit riot (combined "Let It Be"). Guitar player Jo-Jo goes to New York to pursue his passion ("Come Together"). While Jo-Jo auditions for Sadie's band, Max becomes a taxi driver and Jude finds work as a freelance artist. They are soon joined by Prudence, who has hitchhiked to New York and left an abusive boyfriend.
Lucy decides to visit Max in New York before starting college ("Why Don't We Do It in the Road?"). She and Jude fall in love ("If I Fell"), while Max is drafted into the army ("I Want You (She's So Heavy)"). Prudence is attracted to Sadie, and becomes depressed when Sadie and Jo-Jo begin a relationship. Prudence locks herself in a closet and has to be literally and figuratively coaxed out of the closet ("Dear Prudence"), then disappears after wandering off during a peace rally at which Paco, the leader of the Students for a Democratic Republic (SDR), is a speaker.
At a book function for existential drug guru Doctor Robert, Jude, Lucy, Jo-Jo, Sadie and Max drink punch laced with LSD. They embark with Doctor Robert on his "Beyond" bus ("I Am the Walrus"), end up stranded outside the compound of a psychonaut, and see Mr. Kite's bizarre circus where they are reunited with Prudence, who performs as Henry the Horse ("Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!", "Because").
Max is deployed to Vietnam, leading Lucy to become increasingly involved in the anti-war movement, especially with the SDR. Jude remains comparatively apolitical but devoted to Lucy ("Something"). Back in New York, Sadie is offered a chance to go on tour but is made the headliner of the group, separate from Jo-Jo and her backup band, leading to a bitter breakup and musical split between them on stage after he finds out ("Oh! Darling"). Jude dislikes the increasing amount of time that Lucy spends with the SDR and suspects that Paco is attempting to seduce Lucy, and this puts a strain on their relationship and affects Jude's art ("Strawberry Fields Forever"). Finally, Jude storms into the SDR office and points out the hypocrisy of the group's actions ("Revolution"), leading to an argument with Lucy after which she leaves him ("While My Guitar Gently Weeps"). Jude follows Lucy to an anti-war demonstration at Columbia University ("Across the Universe") but when the police start arresting the protesters (including Lucy and Paco), Jude tries to help Lucy but is beaten by police and arrested ("Helter Skelter").
Unable to prove that he is the son of an American citizen, Jude is deported back to England, where he returns to his old job at the Liverpool shipyards ("A Day in the Life (instrumental)"). This is also revealed to be the time frame of the opening scene. Jo-Jo continues his music, playing solo guitar in bars, while the highly successful Sadie drowns her sorrow and loneliness in alcohol while on tour. Max is wounded in Vietnam and sent home, psychologically scarred and dependent on morphine ("Happiness Is a Warm Gun"). Lucy continues her activities with the SDR, but finds herself caught up as Paco leads the movement deeper into violence. She finally leaves when she discovers that Paco is making bombs, but is surrounded by constant reminders of Jude and what they had shared ("Blackbird"). One of Paco's homemade bombs explodes, killing him and his confederates; on reading this news in the local newspaper, Jude thinks that Lucy is dead, but upon learning from Max that she is alive, he arranges to return to New York legally ("Hey Jude").
Jo-Jo and Sadie, who have reconciled, put on a rooftop concert, with Prudence as a member of their band ("Don't Let Me Down", as in the real rooftop event). Max brings Jude to the rooftop, while Lucy nearly joins, but can't bring herself to face Jude again. When the police arrive to break up the concert, Jude manages to remain on the roof and begins to sing ("All You Need Is Love"). The police allow the band to rejoin him, while Lucy tries to get back to the building, but is blocked by the police. Max draws Jude's attention to an opposite rooftop where Lucy is standing and looking at him. Lucy and Jude gaze smilingly at each other across opposite rooftops as the performance concludes ("Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", over credits).
Cast[edit]
The names of the six main characters (and most minor characters) were inspired by Beatles song titles and lyrics.
Evan Rachel Wood as Lucy (Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds)
Jim Sturgess as Jude (Hey Jude)
Joe Anderson as Max (Maxwell's Silver Hammer)
Dana Fuchs as Sadie (Sexy Sadie)
Martin Luther McCoy as Jo-Jo (Get Back)
T.V. Carpio as Prudence (Dear Prudence)
Spencer Liff as Daniel, Lucy's high school boyfriend (Rocky Raccoon)
Lisa Hogg as Molly, Jude's Liverpool girlfriend (Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da)
Angela Mounsey as Martha Feeny, Jude's mother (Martha My Dear)
Robert Clohessy as Wesley "Wes" Hubert, Jude's father
Dylan Baker and Linda Emond as Lucy's parents (the Carrigans, Jerry Carrigan opened the Beatles' first performance in America)
Lynn Cohen as Grandmother Carrigan
Bill Irwin as Uncle Teddy (Teddy Boy)
Timothy T. Mitchum as Jo-Jo's younger brother
Carol Woods as Gospel singer at the brother's funeral
Joe Cocker as Bum / Pimp / Mad Hippie
Jacob Pitts as Rap magazine employee (Desmond, Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da)
Harry Lennix as Army sergeant
Logan Marshall-Green as Paco
James Urbaniak as Bill, Sadie's manager (The Continuing Story of Bungalow Bill)
Bono as Dr. Robert (Doctor Robert)
Daniel Ezralow as Mother Superior (Happiness Is a Warm Gun)
Eddie Izzard as Mr. Kite (Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!)
Arabella Holzbog as Prankster
Ekaterina Sknarina as Rita, Prudence's girlfriend, a contortionist for Mr. Kite's circus. (Lovely Rita)
Salma Hayek as Bang Bang Shoot Shoot Nurses (Happiness Is a Warm Gun)
Music[edit]
Musical numbers[edit]
Below is a list of the 33 Beatles compositions heard on the soundtrack, in the order featured in the film. This list includes notation of three compositions that are heard twice in the course of the film, so there are a total of 34 individual music cues.
"Girl" — Jude
"Helter Skelter" — Sadie
"Hold Me Tight" — Lucy, Molly, and Prom Night singers
"All My Loving" — Jude
"I Want to Hold Your Hand" — Prudence
"With a Little Help from My Friends" — Max, Jude, and Dorm buddies
"It Won't Be Long" — Lucy and Students
"I've Just Seen a Face" — Jude
"Let It Be" — Gospel singer, Jojo's brother, and Church choir
"Come Together" — Pimp, Bum, Mad Hippie, Jojo, and Prostitutes
"Why Don't We Do It in the Road?" — Sadie
"If I Fell" — Lucy
"I Want You (She's So Heavy)" — Max, Sadie, Prudence, Uncle Sam, and Soldiers
"Dear Prudence" — Sadie, Jude, Lucy, and Max
"Flying" (instrumental) — The Secret Machines
"Blue Jay Way" — The Secret Machines
"I Am the Walrus" — Dr. Robert
"Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" — Mr. Kite
"Because" — Lucy, Jude, Max, Sadie, Prudence, and Jojo
"Something" — Jude
"Oh! Darling" — Sadie and Jojo
"Strawberry Fields Forever" — Jude and Max
"Revolution" — Jude
"While My Guitar Gently Weeps" — Jojo and Jude
"Across the Universe" — Jude (interwoven with "Helter Skelter")
"Helter Skelter (Reprise)" — Sadie (interwoven with "Across the Universe")
"And I Love Her" (brief extract incorporated into the orchestral score during the "Across the Universe"/"Helter Skelter (Reprise)" sequence, also sung by McCoy in a deleted scene)
"Happiness Is a Warm Gun" — Max, Bang Bang Shoot Shoot nurses, and Soldiers
"A Day in the Life (Instrumental)" — Jeff Beck
"Blackbird" — Lucy
"Hey Jude" — Max, Jude's mother, Children and Immigrants
"Don't Let Me Down" — Sadie and Jojo
"All You Need Is Love" — Jude, Sadie, Prudence, Max, and Jojo
"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" — Bono and The Edge (end credits)
Extended musical numbers[edit]
There is extra music, such as in "Hold Me Tight", to have more opportunity for things such as dance sequences. In "Come Together" on the special features, there is extra music for a dance solo and a well-planned "Six Degrees of Separation" which connects the main characters as they enter New York lifestyle. "I Want You (She's So Heavy)" is also extended to add time for Max's medical check-up that is shown and for the dialogue about Max eating cotton balls and other theories to get out of the draft. The extended music is used as underscoring for dialogue after "Dear Prudence", "Something", and "While My Guitar Gently Weeps". Some songs are not extended, but also have dialogue, such as "Revolution" and "All My Loving." Other extended songs include "I Am the Walrus", "Oh! Darling", "Across the Universe", and "Helter Skelter".
Soundtrack[edit]
The film's end credits identify 33 Beatles compositions featured in the film, either in their entirety or in part. All of these songs were written from 1962-69 by the members of the Beatles (John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr) and recorded by the Beatles. Twenty-nine of them are compositions that are officially credited to the songwriting partnership of Lennon–McCartney. Three are credited to George Harrison. One title ("Flying") is a 1967 composition credited to all four members of the Beatles (Lennon-McCartney-Harrison-Starr).
Thirty of the soundtrack's songs feature vocals. Two of them ("And I Love Her" and "A Day in the Life") are brief instrumental versions of songs that were originally written with lyrics, although "And I Love Her" is sung in a deleted scene. One song ("Flying") was originally written as an instrumental.
Twenty-five of the vocal tracks are performed by one or more of the six lead cast members. Four of the songs are sung by stars with cameo roles (Bono, Eddie Izzard, Salma Hayek and Joe Cocker). One song ("Let It Be") is sung by supporting members of the cast. Another song ("Blue Jay Way") is sung by indie Texan trio The Secret Machines. In 29 of the vocal tracks, the vocalists are singing on-screen. Two of the vocal tracks ("Blue Jay Way" and "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds") are sung by off-screen vocalists.
The remaining three of the 33 tracks are instrumentals. "Flying" is performed by The Secret Machines, "And I Love Her" is heard briefly as part of the orchestral score, and "A Day in the Life" is performed on guitar by Jeff Beck in a version recorded for Sir George Martin's 1998 album In My Life.
In addition to the Beatles compositions, the soundtrack features an original score composed by Elliot Goldenthal. Goldenthal worked on Taymor's previous films Titus and Frida. (Goldenthal and director Taymor have been romantic partners since 1982.)
Interscope Records has released three variations of soundtrack from the film — a standard edition and two deluxe editions. The standard edition contains 16 tracks from the film soundtrack, although "Let It Be" is shortened, missing the third verse. The first version of the deluxe edition features 31 tracks — all of the vocal performances and one of the three instrumental tracks.[5] In the US, this 31-track version is available solely at Best Buy stores and in a digital version from iTunes, while in Europe it is available at other retail outlets. A second version of the deluxe edition is available at other retail outlets and digital download suppliers. The second version differs from the 31-track version in that it omits two tracks ("Why Don't We Do It in the Road?" and "I Want You (She's So Heavy)").
The song "It Won't Be Long" was released as a single on iTunes on September 11, 2007. From October 15–17, 2007, and again from October 22–23, 2007, the 31-track deluxe edition was the #1 downloaded album on iTunes.
The soundtrack includes seven songs from The Beatles (also known as The White Album), five from Magical Mystery Tour, five from Abbey Road, four from Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, three from With The Beatles, two from A Hard Day's Night, two from Let It Be, one from Help!, one from Rubber Soul, and three other non-album singles.
Standard edition track list[edit]
"All My Loving" — Sturgess
"I Want to Hold Your Hand" — Carpio
"It Won't Be Long" — Wood
"I've Just Seen a Face" — Sturgess
"Let It Be" — Mitchum, Woods
"Come Together" — Cocker
"I Am the Walrus" — Bono
"Something" — Sturgess
"Oh! Darling" — Fuchs; McCoy
"Strawberry Fields Forever" — Anderson, Sturgess
"Across the Universe" — Sturgess
"Helter Skelter" — Fuchs
"Happiness Is a Warm Gun" — Anderson, Hayek
"Blackbird" — Wood
"Hey Jude" — Anderson
"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" — Bono, The Edge
Deluxe Edition track list[edit]
Disc 1
"Girl" (Jim Sturgess)
"Hold Me Tight" (Evan Rachel Wood)
"All My Loving" (Jim Sturgess)
"I Want to Hold Your Hand" (Teresa Victoria Carpio)
"With a Little Help From My Friends" (Joe Anderson, Jim Sturgess)
"It Won't Be Long" (Evan Rachel Wood)
"I've Just Seen a Face" (Jim Sturgess)
"Let It Be (long version)" (Timothy T. Mitchum, Carol Woods)
"Come Together" (Joe Cocker)
"Why Don't We Do It in the Road?" (Dana Fuchs)
"If I Fell" (Evan Rachel Wood)
"I Want You (She's So Heavy)" (Joe Anderson, Dana Fuchs, Teresa Victoria Carpio)
"Dear Prudence" (Joe Anderson, Dana Fuchs, Jim Sturgess, Evan Rachel Wood, Teresa Victoria Carpio)
"Flying" (The Secret Machines)
"Blue Jay Way" (The Secret Machines)
Disc 2
"I Am the Walrus" (Bono, The Secret Machines)
"Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!" (Eddie Izzard)
"Because" (Joe Anderson, Teresa Victoria Carpio, Dana Fuchs, Martin Luther McCoy, Jim Sturgess, Evan Rachel Wood)
"Something" (Jim Sturgess)
"Oh! Darling" (Dana Fuchs, Martin Luther McCoy)
"Strawberry Fields Forever" (Joe Anderson, Jim Sturgess)
"Revolution" (Jim Sturgess)
"While My Guitar Gently Weeps" (Martin Luther McCoy, Jim Sturgess)
"Across the Universe" (Jim Sturgess)
"Helter Skelter" (Dana Fuchs)
"Happiness Is a Warm Gun" (Joe Anderson, Salma Hayek)
"Blackbird" (Evan Rachel Wood)
"Hey Jude" (Joe Anderson)
"Don't Let Me Down" (Dana Fuchs, Martin Luther McCoy)
"All You Need Is Love" (Teresa Victoria Carpio, Dana Fuchs, Martin Luther McCoy, Jim Sturgess)
"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds" (Bono, The Edge)
Production[edit]
Dispute[edit]
In March 2007, the media reported a dispute over the final cut of the film. Concerned with the length of director Julie Taymor's cut of the film, Revolution Studios chairman Joe Roth tested a sneak preview of a shortened version without first informing Taymor. The incident sparked some heat between the two, later involving Sony Pictures' Amy Pascal urging Taymor to agree to the shorter version.[6][7][8] After several months of dispute, Taymor's version was eventually reinstated as the theatrically released version.[9]
Release and reception[edit]
The film's release date and release pattern became the subject of some media and public discussion. The film had been originally scheduled for release in 2006. The release was postponed as the editing process became extended and internal disputes arose. The film was subsequently scheduled for a wide release on approximately 1,000 U.S. screens on September 28, 2007. In early September 2007, Sony announced that the release would be brought forward to September 14, 2007, with a "platform release" pattern starting on a small number of screens—with additional screens to be added in subsequent weeks.
The film received its world premiere on Monday, September 10, 2007, at the Toronto International Film Festival.[1] The film was then given a very limited "platform release" on 27 screens in the U.S. on Friday, September 14. The film had the second-highest "per-screen" average on its opening weekend. In the following three weeks, the release was gradually expanded to select regions.[10] After four weeks in limited release, on October 12, the film was elevated to a comparatively broader release on 954 U.S. screens, breaking into the U.S. box office top ten at #8.[10][11][12]
The DVD, UMD, and Blu-ray formats were released on February 5, 2008.
Critical reception[edit]
The film received mixed reviews from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 53% based on 153 reviews.[13] Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 56%, based on 29 reviews.[14] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times was extremely positive towards the film, giving it four stars, calling it "an audacious marriage of cutting-edge visual techniques, heart-warming performances, 1960s history and the Beatles songbook" and calling Julie Taymor an "inventive choreographer".[15] The film appeared on a few notable critics' top ten lists of the best films of 2007:[16]
1st - Carrie Rickey, The Philadelphia Inquirer
7th - Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times[17]
9th - Stephen Holden, The New York Times;[18]
Awards[edit]
65th Golden Globe Awards[19]
Nominee for Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy
80th Academy Awards
Nominee for Costume Design[20]
19th GLAAD Media Awards[21]
Nominee for Best Film - Wide Release
See also[edit]
List of cover versions of Beatles songs
The Beatles' influence on popular culture
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Broadway World September 13, 2007: Photo Coverage: 'Across The Universe' Premieres in Toronto Linked October 17, 2012
Jump up ^ "ACROSS THE UNIVERSE (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. September 12, 2007. Retrieved May 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Inside the Revolution Library: Where Joe Roth Went Wrong". The Wrap.
Jump up ^ Across the Universe at Box Office Mojo
Jump up ^ "Across the Universe Soundtrack : News : Across The Universe Soundtrack available 9/14!". Archived from the original on October 11, 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ "A Revolt at Revolution?". Movie & TV News. March 20, 2007. More than one of |website= and |work= specified (help)
Jump up ^ "More Details of Taymor-Roth Feud". Movie & TV News. March 21, 2007. More than one of |website= and |work= specified (help)
Jump up ^ Waxman, Sharon (March 20, 2007). "Film Has Two Versions; Only One Is Julie Taymor's". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Douglas, Edward (September 18, 2007). "Julie Taymor Soars Across the Universe". ComingSoon.net.
^ Jump up to: a b Mason, Steve (September 22, 2007). "Friday Box Office: Resident Evil $22M 3-day; Eastern Promises strong; Into The Wild huge". Slashfilm.com.
Jump up ^ Goodman, Dean (September 30, 2007). "Game Plan conquers Kingdom at box office". Reuters.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2007. Retrieved October 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Across the Universe (2007) - Weekend Box Office". Box Office Mojo.com. Retrieved October 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Across the Universe". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Across the Universe (2007): Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved January 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (September 14, 2007). "Across the Universe". rogerebert.com. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Metacritic: 2007 Film Critic Top Ten Lists". Metacritic. CBS. Archived from the original on January 2, 2008. Retrieved January 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (December 20, 2007). "The year's ten best films and other shenanigans". The Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on December 24, 2007. Retrieved January 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ Holden, Stephen (December 23, 2007). "Films That Look Death in the Eye". The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Hollywood Foreign Press Association 2008 Golden Globe Awards For The Year Ended December 31, 2007". goldenglobes.org. December 13, 2007. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
Jump up ^ "OSCAR.com - 80th Annual Academy Awards - Nomination". Retrieved December 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ "19th Annual GLAAD Media Awards Nominees". Archived from the original on June 14, 2008. Retrieved November 8, 2008.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Across the Universe (film)
Official website
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values: A Salute to the Beatles: Once upon a Time

values: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (film)

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values: Category:American romantic musical films

values: Category:Anti-war films about the Vietnam War

values: Category:Films associated with the Beatles

values: Category:Films scored by Elliot Goldenthal

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values: Across the Universe (película) – Spanish

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values: Across the Universe (filmas) – Lithuanian

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values: Across the Universe – Csak a szerelem kell – Hungarian

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values: Across the Universe (filme) – Portuguese

values: Через Вселенную (фильм) – Russian

values: Across the Universe (movie) – Simple English

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