text:
Brittany Ferries
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the ferry company. For the historic trimaran, see Brittany Ferries (trimaran).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Brittany Ferries
Type
Private company
Industry
Passenger transportation
Freight transportation
Holidays
Founded
1972
Founder
Alexis Gourvennec
Headquarters
Roscoff, France
Area served
France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain
Key people
Jean-Marc Roué
Christophe Mathieu
Frédéric Pouget
Corinne Vintner
Jean-François Jacob
Revenue
€376.5 million (2014)
Total assets
€367.4 million (2014)
Owner
BAI Bretagne Angleterre Irlande S.A.
Number of employees
2,451 (2014 average - high and low seasons)[1]
Website
www.brittany-ferries.co.uk
Brittany Ferries is a French shipping company that operates a fleet of ferries and cruiseferries between France and United Kingdom, Ireland, and Spain, and between United Kingdom and Spain.
Contents
1 History
1.1 1970s and 1980s
1.2 1990s
1.3 2000s
1.4 2010s
2 Fleet
2.1 Current Fleet
2.2 Future Fleet
2.3 Past fleet
2.4 Routes
2.5 Exceptional service
3 Onboard facilities
4 References
4.1 Notes
4.2 Bibliography
5 External links
History[edit]
1970s and 1980s[edit]
In January 1973, following the provision of the deep-water port at Roscoff, the company commenced operations at the instigation of Alexis Gourvennec, when the existing ferry companies showed reluctance about providing a service from Roscoff to Plymouth. The company began sailings between Roscoff in Brittany and Plymouth in the South West of England, using the freight ferry Kerisnel. The company's primary aim at that time was to provide a service to Brittany's cauliflower and artichoke farmers, giving them easier access to the British market. In the summer of 1973, Vedettes Armoricaines operated a service between Plymouth and Roscoff using the passenger only ferry Poseidon which they had acquired from Stena Line, and Brittany Ferries acted as the agents in the United Kingdom for this service.[2] In 1974 Kerisnel was replaced by Penn-Ar-Bed, which carried both passengers and vehicles. Such was the success of the Plymouth-Roscoff service that a larger ship, Cornouailles, was ordered and entered service in 1977. New routes were developed in the late 1970s, and the company continued to grow. Routes to Saint-Malo, Santander, and Cork in Ireland were operated by the Armorique and Prince of Brittany, and in the early 1980s a second ship was chartered for the Saint-Malo route. Goelo, an attractive-looking vessel, left the fleet in preparation for the new ship to be introduced in 1982. Quiberon replaced Armorique for the Santander and Cork services, allowing her to operate alongside Prince of Brittany on the Saint-Malo route, while Cornouailles maintained the original routes from Roscoff.
Benodet operated between Plymouth and Roscoff for just one year before being redeployed as part of Brittany Ferries' new venture, Channel Island Ferries. Tregastel replaced her and continued on the Plymouth to Roscoff route until 1989. The Cork route was operated by Tregastel and Quiberon, later to be joined by Celtic Pride, operated by Swansea Cork Ferries, supplying a midweek Cork-Roscoff round trip.
In 1985 Brittany Ferries further expanded by buying Truckline Ferries, which operated freight-only ships Coutances and Purbeck between Poole in United Kingdom and Cherbourg in France.
In 1986, Brittany Ferries introduced Duc de Normandie, which operated a new route from Caen to the increasingly popular port of Portsmouth. The former Roscoff ship Cornouailles was transferred to the Truckline Ferries route from Poole to Cherbourg, introducing passenger services on this route. This service was also very successful, and new ships were introduced over the next few years. Meanwhile, a second (chartered) ship, Gotland was installed on the Caen service in 1988, as well as a new Truckline Ferries vessel, the Normandie Shipper in 1989. In addition to the Portsmouth-Caen services, from 1986 a Truckline Ferries ferry ran from Poole to Caen during the summer to cope with the seasonal demand on Brittany's standard ships by holiday makers. However, the introduction of larger ships in 2006, and the sale of the original "truckliners", meant that this service was discontinued.
In 1989, the cruise ferry Bretagne was introduced on the Santander and Cork routes. She displaced Quiberon, which transferred to the Roscoff route. Tregastel replaced Cornouailles on the Poole-Cherbourg Truckline Ferries passenger route along with Corbiere (formerly Benodet who had been transferred to Channel Island Ferries). Cornouailles was sold to British Channel Island Ferries and was renamed Havelet. A second-hand purchase was introduced on the St Malo route, Duchesse Anne. which was to run alongside Armorique. This allowed Prince of Brittany to be transferred to the Caen route under its new name Reine Mathilde.
1990s[edit]
At the end of 1991, Reine Mathilde left the fleet ready for the introduction of the new cruise ferry Normandie on the Caen route. Corbiere and Tregastel also stepped down in preparation for the new Truckline Ferries ship, Barfleur. During 1992, the Truckline Ferries freight vessel, Purbeck, and the St Malo ship Armorique both stepped down.
In 1993, the penultimate ship of the 1990s was introduced. The Val de Loire was purchased from TT-Line and partially rebuilt for service on the Santander and Cork routes. The vessel replaced Bretagne which transferred to the St Malo route, allowing Duchesse Anne to operate new services between Poole, St Malo, Cork, Roscoff and Plymouth. Following further financial difficulties in the mid-1990s, these new routes were ended and Duchesse Anne left the fleet. Normandie Shipper was also sold, but the ex-Truckline Ferries vessel Purbeck was later chartered back by the company for use on various routes, primarily Portsmouth-Caen. In 1999, Barfleur was repainted in Brittany Ferries colours, ending the Truckline Ferries tradition on the route.
2000s[edit]
In 2001 a new fast ferry service began to operate between Poole and Cherbourg in partnership with Condor Ferries. The fast Normandie Vitesse could make the voyage in just over two hours. In 2002, a new ship, Mont St Michel, was due to enter service between Portsmouth and Caen. Duc de Normandie was transferred to the Roscoff route in July, whilst Quiberon was sent to Caen to cover until the new ship arrived. Mont St Michel was delayed until December however. Quiberon spent the remainder of the year on the busiest Brittany Ferries route. She had been with the company for almost 21 years when she was sold in 2003. In 2004, another new ship, Pont-Aven, was introduced on the Santander & Cork routes. She could travel much faster than the rest of the fleet, cutting journey times by a quarter.
In late 2004, the company withdrew Duc de Normandie from the fleet. Bretagne transferred to the Roscoff route, leaving Val de Loire at St Malo. Coutances was also earmarked for disposal, but then a change of heart resulted in its refit, losing her Truckline Ferries livery in favour of the new Brittany Ferries logo.
More changes occurred in 2005 with the withdrawal of P&O's French routes from Portsmouth. A new fastcraft, Normandie Express was chartered to operate between Portsmouth and Cherbourg and Caen. In addition, the Poole-Cherbourg ship Barfleur was redeployed to operate a triangular service between Portsmouth, Poole and Cherbourg. A new ship was announced, in part a replacement for Coutances. The ship was named Cotentin. Purbeck was to have returned from operating in New Zealand and cover the Portsmouth-Cherbourg link but this plan was dropped. Barfleur returned to the Poole-Cherbourg link in November 2005.
The former flagship of the fleet (from 1993 until the arrival of Mont St Michel) Val de Loire left the fleet in February 2006, having been sold to DFDS and renamed King of Scandinavia. In the meantime, Brittany Ferries had taken up a 2-year charter of the DFDS ship Duke of Scandinavia, which was renamed Pont-L'Abbé and ran on the Plymouth-Roscoff route. Bretagne returned to the Portsmouth-St Malo route. Brittany Ferries also announced a new build for the Plymouth-Roscoff route, to be launched early 2008. In February 2006 Normandie Express was brought under the French flag, she was later purchased by the company in early 2007. Brittany Ferries new freight ship, Cotentin, entered service on 26 November 2007 with the 23:45 Cherbourg-Poole service. The new ship also operated a weekly service to Santander from Poole. It was announced on 19 December 2007 that the company had purchased Pont-L'Abbé from DFDS. On 1 May 2008 MV Coutances completed her last sailing for the company - having been with Truckline Ferries] for 30 years and with Brittany Ferries since 1985. In early 2009, Armorique was launched on the Plymouth-Roscoff route, replacing Pont L'Abbe. For 2009, Pont-Aven operated a new Portsmouth to Santander service once a week (cutting the previous Plymouth to Santander route to once a week).
2010s[edit]
In late 2009, the new Poole-Santander freight-only service was deemed a success and the frequency was doubled: there would now be two services a week operated by Cotentin. In November 2009, Armorique was laid up for the rest of the winter season. Major changes were announced in December 2009. Barfleur was withdrawn from service at the end of January 2010 after nearly 18 years service on the Poole-Cherbourg route. The service was temporarily served by Armorique, which came back to service earlier than originally planned. The Poole-Santander service reverted to one sailing a week with Cotentin covering freight on the Poole-Cherbourg service in the absence of Barfleur. Condor Vitesse continued to operate one round sailing a day in the summer months between the two ports. Cap Finistère ran between Portsmouth and Santander twice a week and also operated three round trips a week between Portsmouth and Cherbourg. In September 2010, Brittany Ferries announced plans to serve the Portsmouth–Bilbao route recently abandoned by P&O Ferries.[3] The route started on 27 March 2011.
In February 2011, Barfleur returned to the Poole-Cherbourg route on a seven-month trial basis after being laid up for a year. Her final crossing of 2011 was 3 October. The return of Barfleur allowed Cotentin to run two Poole-Santander trips a week. However, with Barfleur being laid up again, the Poole-Santander sailings reverted to one trip a week. On 23 March, it was announced that Barfleur was to be chartered to DFDS Seaways for use on their Dover–Calais route. Her first sailing on the route was on 27 April.
On 1 April 2011, the new Portsmouth International Port (PIP) terminal, used by Brittany Ferries, LD Lines and Condor Ferries, was opened to the public. An official opening ceremony took place on 13 May 2011. This modern, stylish, eco-friendly building replaced the previous terminal building that stood from 1976 until its well needed replacement occurred in 2011.
On 21 September 2012, Brittany Ferries cancelled sailings indefinitely following two days of wildcat strikes caused by crew members who were unhappy with changes in working terms and conditions. Meetings took place between management and unions to negotiate the management proposals. A vote was taken on 30 September by union members to decide if the management proposals would be accepted. The crew members accepted the proposal and services resumed on 2 October after 12 days without services. During this period, Brittany Ferries made special arrangements with P&O Ferries and MyFerryLink to accept Brittany Ferries tickets on the Dover–Calais route; any unused tickets were refunded.[4] Services were not affected on the Poole–Cherbourg route which was being operated by Condor Ferries.
The 2012 season was the last year of the Poole–Cherbourg fastcraft operation with Condor Ferries. For the first time since 2001, the Condor vessel operating the Poole-Cherbourg summer service was Condor Express rather than Condor Vitesse.
In May 2013, Brittany Ferries introduced a new route with services from Portsmouth to Le Havre using their high-speed vessel, Normandie Express.
In October 2013, Brittany Ferries’ freight service from Poole-Santander terminated and Cotentin, who served the route, is now being chartered by Stena Line.
On 5 November 2013, Christophe Mathieu, deputy managing director of Brittany Ferries and Sandie Dawe, chief executive of VisitBritain, signed an agreement to run a joint marketing campaign designed to attract more French tourists to the UK. The agreement commits both parties to a three-year campaign with a promotional match-funded spend of £1.5 million, and is the first time Brittany Ferries has entered into such an arrangement with VisitBritain.
On 7 February 2014, Brittany Ferries announced that as from the end of March 2014, it would charter the former Visentini-built DFDS Seaways Norman Voyager to operate on Le Havre, Portsmouth and Santander. The vessel was renamed MV Etretat.
During the weekends, the ferry sails on Portsmouth–Santander. Demand for freight capacity is high during the weekend, but also passengers are interested in such a service.
On weekdays, Norman Voyager, which has been renamed MV Etretat, sails on Portsmouth–Le Havre, a route that was successful in 2013 when Brittany Ferries introduced the catamaran HSC Normandie Express. However, after the 2015 summer season, Brittany Ferries pulled Normandie Express from this route as it was not financially viable. The "new" ro-pax ferry MV Etretat will sail year-round.
On 13 October 2014, it was announced that plans to convert MV Armorique, MV Mont St Michel and MV Pont-Aven to run on LNG (liquefied natural gas) as well as a new LNG-powered ferry had been cancelled as the company could not justify the costs. These three ships as well as MV Barfleur, MV Cap Finistère and MV Normandie will instead receive exhaust gas scrubbers in order to remove sulphur from their exhaust emissions.
On 30 January 2015, Brittany Ferries announced that it would charter the DFDS Seaways vessel MS Sirena Seaways from the beginning of April 2015 and start service with Brittany Ferries in May 2015, to operate on their successful Portsmouth–Le Havre route, alongside Etretat. It will also operate a twice weekly Portsmouth–Spain service. The ship will be renamed 'MV Baie de Seine'
On 22 June 2015, Jean-Marc Roue, president of Brittany Ferries, stated in an interview with French newspaper le Marin that a new vessel was to be ordered sometime in 2016. The new vessel is to be similar to the postponed 'Project Pegasis' order. Pont-Aven will take over from Bretagne on the Portsmouth–St Malo route with the new vessel taking on the Portsmouth to Santander, Plymouth to Roscoff, Plymouth to Santander and Cork to Roscoff routes. Bretagne is likely to be sold or scrapped.
On 19 January 2016, Brittany Ferries announced it will charter a vessel to carry freight between Poole and Bilbao, in northern Spain. Brittany Ferries has chartered the RoRo vessel, MN Pelican from Maritime Nantaise for 12 months, with the option of an extension. The vessel has the capacity for around one hundred unaccompanied trailers and twelve drivers and commenced service with Brittany Ferries on 11 February 2016.
On 5 March 2016, Martine Jourdren stated in an interview with le Telegramme that some of the current fleet were then ageing and Brittany Ferries are looking to replace Bretagne and Normandie with newly built vessels. Brittany Ferries are looking to order three new vessels by 2021.
Whilst en route from Ouistreham to Portsmouth in the afternoon of 11 April 2016, MV Normandie suffered a small fire in one of the electrical panels in the engine room which caused smoke to develop. Two crew members were air-lifted to hospital, one suffering from smoke inhalation, the other with an unknown injury. MV Normandie was diverted to Cherbourg, the passengers stayed on board until the following morning, and 9 sailings were cancelled as a result.
On 20 October 2016, Brittany Ferries announced that they had renegotiated a deal to continue sailings from Portsmouth International Port. The deal, which was signed that week with Portsmouth City Council who own the port, is for the next 11 years.
On 24 October 2016, Brittany Ferries announced plans to build a ferry that could integrate a propulsion liquefied natural gas (LNG). An innovative project, that was abandoned in late 2014, which would be reborn as a smaller vessel to sail between Portsmouth and Ouistreham.
On 21 December 2016, Brittany Ferries released its first sketch design for their new LNG-powered cruise-ferry for the Portsmouth to Ouistreham route. The new ship, codenamed Mont St Michel 2, will carry up to 1680 passengers and 130 freight or 550 cars. The new 42,000 gt ship will be constructed by Flensburger Schiffbau shipyard in Germany and is due to be delivered sometime in 2019.
On 20 June 2017, Brittany Ferries confirmed its order for their new LNG-powered cruise-ferry for the Portsmouth to Ouistreham route. The new 42,000gt ship will be constructed by Flensburger Schiffbau shipyard in Germany scheduled for delivery on 30th April 2019. The new ship is named 'MV Honfleur'.
In August 2018 Brittany Ferries announced that the 2003 built MV Baie de Seine charter from DFDS had been extended for a further year and she would continue operating for Brittany ferries until April 2020 , the ship currently operates from Portsmouth to Spain and Le Havre and was formerly the Harwich-Esbjerg ship Dana Sirena/Sirena Seaways. Around 2 weeks later, Brittany Ferries confirmed that her replacement will be one of the new Stena E-Flexer Ro-Pax ferries on order from China leaving over a 1 year gap in service needing to be filled.
On 14 July 2017, Brittany Ferries announced it will extend its charter of freight vessel MN Pelican from Maritime Nantaise for a further 2 years. The vessel, capable to carry up to 100 unoccupied trailers, will continue to operate on the Poole to Bilbao route.
On 16 January 2018, Brittany Ferries announced it will begin a new route from Cork, Ireland to Santander, Spain. The new route, which will consist of 2 weekly connections along with an additional weekly service between Cork, Ireland & Roscoff, France, is scheduled to commence on 29 April 2018. Brittany Ferries will charter the Stena RoRo Vessel MS Asterion which is currently serving routes between Italy and Greece and will be renamed MV Connemara [5].
On 9 March 2018, Brittany Ferries launched a new dedicated website for their new build vessel, 'MV Honfleur'.
On 12 March 2018, work commenced on the construction of 'MV Honfleur' with the Steel Cutting Ceremony at the Flensburger Schiffbau Shipyard in Germany. The construction of the vessel is expected to take a little over a year to complete.
On 24 May 2018, Brittany Ferries confirmed it has ordered a second Stena E-Flexer Vessel with the option to buy after the 5 year charter. This takes the number to 2 chartered from Stena Line along with the new build vessel MV Honfleur expected in 2019. [6].
On 13 June 2018, Brittany Ferries announced their new chartered ships will be named 'MV Galicia' and 'MV Salamanca', named after 2 regions in Northern Spain. [7]. The names were chosen following a competition among Brittany Ferries staff and follow confirmation of the ships charter last month. The 2 new ships, on charter from Stena Line are expected to enter service in 2021 and 2022 respectively.
Fleet[edit]
Current Fleet[edit]
Ship
Built
Entered Service
Gross Tonnage
Length
Beam
Service Speed
Vessel Type
Port of Registry
Current status
MV Armorique 2009 2009 29,468 GT 168.30m 26.8m 25 Knots Cruise Ferry Morlaix In Service
MV Baie de Seine 2002 2015 22,382 GT 199.4m 23.0m 24 Knots Économie Service Le Havre In Service
MV Barfleur 1992 1992 20,133 GT 158.7m 23.3m 19.5 Knots Cruise Ferry Cherbourg In Service
MV Bretagne 1989 1989 24,534 GT 152.80m 26.0m 21 Knots Cruise Ferry Morlaix In Service
MV Cap Finistère 2001 2010 32,728 GT 203.90m 25.0m 28 Knots Cruise Ferry Morlaix In Service
MV Connemara 2007 2018 27,414 GT 186,50m 25.6m 24.0 Knots Économie Service Limassol In Service
MV Etretat 2008 2014 26,904 GT 187.00m 26.0m 24 Knots Économie Service Le Havre In Service
MV Mont St Michel 2002 2002 35,586 GT 173.95m 28.5m 22 Knots Cruise Ferry Caen In Service
MV Normandie 1992 1992 27,451 GT 161.40m 26.0m 20.5 Knots Cruise Ferry Caen In Service
HSC Normandie Express 2000 2005 6,581 GT 97.22m 26.6m 42 Knots High Speed Ferry Caen In Service
MN Pelican 1998 2016 12,076 GT 155.0m 22.0m 19 Knots Freight Vessel Marseille In Service
MV Pont-Aven 2004 2004 41,000 GT 184.3m 31.0m 28 Knots Cruise Ferry Morlaix In Service
Future Fleet[edit]
Ship
Built
Entered Service
Gross Tonnage
Length
Beam
Service Speed
Vessel Type
Port of Registry
Current Status
MV Honfleur On Order On Order 42,400 GT 187.40m 31.0m 22 Knots Cruise Ferry Unknown Due for delivery 30th April 2019
MV Galicia On Order On Order 42,400 GT 214.50m 27.8m 22 Knots Cruise Ferry Unknown Due for delivery Spring 2021
MV Salamanca On Order On Order 42,400 GT 214.50m 27.8m 22 Knots Cruise Ferry Unknown Due for delivery Summer 2022
Past fleet[edit]
Ship
Built
In service
Tonnage
Current status
Kerisnel 1972 1972 1,983 GT Scrapped after sinking.
MV Bénodet 1970 1989 4,317 GT Since 2000, MV Apollo with Woodward Group
MV Goelo 1967 1980 5,149 GT Scrapped in Turkey, 2001
Penn-Ar-Bed 1974 1974 6,399 GT Scrapped in India, 2004
MV Armorique 1972 1976 8,181 GT Sunk in Java Sea, 2011
Cornouailles 1977 1977 6,918 GT Scrapped in Turkey, 2013
MV Reine Mathilde 1970 1978 7,747 GT Scrapped in India, 2005
MV Breizh Izel 1970 1980 6,576 GT Scrapped in Turkey, 2014
MV Tregastel 1971 1985 8,696 GT Since 2011, Noor with Baaboud Shipping
MV Coutances 1970 1985 6,507 GT Since 2008, Sirena Seaways with DFDS
MV Purbeck 1978 1985 6,507 GT Since 2006, Maria Rosario with Conferry
MV Quiberon 1975 1982 11,813 GT Renamed D'Abundo and sent to Alang for scrapping (2010)
MV Duc de Normandie 1978 1986 13,505 GT Since 2013, Vronskiy with Acciona Trasmediterránea
MV Duchesse Anne 1979 1988 9,795 GT Since 1996, Dubrovnik with Jadrolinija
MV Val de Loire 1986 1992 31,564 GT Since 2006, King seaways with DFDS Seaways
MV Pont L'Abbe 1976 2006 17,564 GT Since 2009, Moby course with Moby Lines
MV Cotentin 2007 2007 22,542 GT Since 2013, Stena Baltica with Stena Line
Routes[edit]
Route
Vessel
Cork ⇄ Roscoff MV Pont-Aven and MV Connemara
Portsmouth ⇄ Cherbourg HSC Normandie Express
Plymouth ⇄ Roscoff MV Armorique and MV Pont-Aven
Portsmouth ⇄ Bilbao MV Cap Finistere and MV Baie de Seine
Plymouth ⇄ Santander MV Pont-Aven and MV Cap Finistere (Winter Service)
Poole ⇄ Cherbourg MV Barfleur
Portsmouth ⇄ Saint Malo MV Bretagne and MV Pont-Aven (Winter Service)
Portsmouth ⇄ Caen MV Mont St Michel and MV Normandie
Portsmouth ⇄ Le Havre MV Etretat and MV Baie de Seine
Portsmouth ⇄ Santander MV Pont-Aven, MV Cap Finistere and MV Baie de Seine
Cork ⇄ Santander MV Connemara
Poole ⇄ Bilbao MN Pelican (Freight only)
Exceptional service[edit]
During the 'refit season' (roughly early January until before the Easter break), many ships undergo major maintenance and refurbishment. It is not uncommon, as a positioning move, to operate a service from Plymouth - St Malo - Portsmouth, or vice versa. These services are generally noted in the printed and on-line timetables, and are open to passengers.
In previous years during the Christmas and New Year period, Brittany Ferries chartered Pont-Aven to Mistral Holidays, who operate cruises to Rouen and Antwerp. The cruise generally leaves Portsmouth International Port and spends two days in the Continental port. Pont-Aven is therefore the only ship which operates on Christmas Day and New Year's Day. Brittany Ferries parted company with Mistral Holidays in 2015.
In 2016, Brittany Ferries announced that they would be solely operating a New Year cruise to Rouen on Pont-Aven.
Onboard facilities[edit]
Brittany Ferries vessels have a variety of onboard facilities. These include shops, self-service and à la carte restaurants, bars and cafes. All vessels used to have their own bureau de change but now most have ATMs instead. Most vessels have a cinema and children's game zones. There was often a photography shop on board with film developing and printing facilities; ; these shops have been removed due to the rise in digital photography. In late 2009 Brittany Ferries installed a WiFi service across its fleet of traditional ferries, and in April 2013 this became free in public areas, there is a paid for premium WiFi service available on most of the ferries which now includes for the first time WiFi in cabins.In July 2012, spa treatment areas were added to Pont-Aven and Cap Finistère.
Normandie Express has more limited facilities, such as a smaller shop and a bar/café with WiFi throughout the vessel.
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Brittany Ferries Bilan Consolidé (Balance Sheet), including employee numbers" (PDF). Brittany Ferries Corporate.
Jump up ^ Cruising Monthly, newsletter of Coastal Cruising Association, and other contemporary journals, 1973
Jump up ^ "Brittany Ferries saves Portsmouth-Bilbao route". Travel News UK. 27 September 2010. Archived from the original on 4 December 2010. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Brittany Ferries services halted 'until further notice'". BBC News. 21 September 2012. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Portsmouth-based Brittany Ferries expands its route network in 2018".
Jump up ^ "Brittany Ferries invests in two new cruise-ferries for long haul Spanish routes".
Jump up ^ "Brittany Ferries names new ships Galicia and Salamanca".
Bibliography[edit]
Cowsill, Miles (1993). Brittany Ferries: From the Land to the Sea / De la Terre a la Mer (in English and French). Kilgetty, Pembrokeshire: Ferry Publications. ISBN 1871947170. CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link)
Cowsill, Miles (2007). Brittany Ferries: 1973–2007. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications. ISBN 1871947898.
Cowsill, Miles (2013). Brittany Ferries: 40 memorable years of service, hospitality and holidays. Ramsey, Isle of Man: Ferry Publications. ISBN 9781906608521.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brittany Ferries.
Official Brittany Ferries Website
Honfleur Media Website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brittany_Ferries&oldid=854613875"
Categories:
Ferry companies of France
Companies based in Brittany
Ferry companies of England
Ferry companies of the Republic of Ireland
Ferry companies of Spain
Transport in Brittany
Connections across the English Channel
Transport companies established in 1972
1972 establishments in France
Hidden categories:
Use dmy dates from November 2013
Articles needing additional references from November 2015
All articles needing additional references
Pages using deprecated image syntax
CS1 maint: Unrecognized language
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Brezhoneg
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Français
Suomi
Edit links
This page was last edited on 12 August 2018, at 16:31 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href title

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: p

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: span

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/List_of_business_entities
mw-redirect
List of business entities

values:
/wiki/Private_company
mw-redirect
Private company

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.brittany-ferries.co.uk

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Santander,_Cantabria
mw-redirect
Santander, Cantabria

values:
/wiki/MV_Armorique_(1973)
mw-redirect
MV Armorique (1973)

values:
/wiki/MV_Coutances
mw-redirect
MV Coutances

values:
/wiki/MV_Duc_de_Normandie
mw-redirect
MV Duc de Normandie

values:
/wiki/MV_Normandie_Shipper
mw-redirect
MV Normandie Shipper

values:
/wiki/MV_Cotentin
mw-redirect
MV Cotentin

values:
/wiki/Norman_Voyager
mw-redirect
Norman Voyager

values:
/wiki/MV_Barfleur
mw-redirect
MV Barfleur

values:
/wiki/MS_Sirena_Seaways
mw-redirect
MS Sirena Seaways

values:
/wiki/MS_Norman_Asturias
mw-redirect
MS Norman Asturias

values:
160
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

attrs: width scope data-sort-type class tabindex role title

values:
10
col
number
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
10
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
100
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
40
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter
1
text-align:center;

values:
120
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
30
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
15
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
70
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
200
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
150
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
80
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
90
col
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
80
col
number
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Acciona_Trasmediterr%C3%A1nea
mw-redirect
Acciona Trasmediterránea

values:
/wiki/MV_Val_de_Loire
mw-redirect
MV Val de Loire

values:
/wiki/MV_Pont_L%27Abbe
mw-redirect
MV Pont L'Abbe

values:
/wiki/MV_Cap_Finistere
mw-redirect
MV Cap Finistere

values: MN Pelican (Freight only) (page does not exist)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:CS1 maint: Unrecognized language

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.destinationhonfleur.com/en

values: Category:Ferry companies of the Republic of Ireland

values: Category:Connections across the English Channel

values: Category:Transport companies established in 1972

values: Category:Use dmy dates from November 2013

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from November 2015

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Pages using deprecated image syntax

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values:
/wiki/Brittany_Ferries
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Brittany_Ferries rootpage-Brittany_Ferries skin-vector action-view


text:
Animal House
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see Animal House (disambiguation).
National Lampoon's Animal House
Theatrical release poster
by Rick Meyerowitz
Directed by
John Landis
Produced by
Matty Simmons
Ivan Reitman
Written by
Harold Ramis
Douglas Kenney
Chris Miller
Starring
John Belushi
Tim Matheson
John Vernon
Verna Bloom
Thomas Hulce
Stephen Furst
Donald Sutherland
Kevin Bacon
Music by
Elmer Bernstein
Cinematography
Charles Correll
Edited by
George Folsey, Jr.
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
July 28, 1978 (1978-07-28)
Running time
109 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$3 million[2]
Box office
$141.6 million[3]
National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Harold Ramis, Douglas Kenney and Chris Miller. It stars John Belushi, Tim Matheson, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Thomas Hulce, Stephen Furst, and Donald Sutherland. The film is about a misfit group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College.
The film was produced by Matty Simmons of National Lampoon and Ivan Reitman for Universal Pictures. It was inspired by stories written by Miller and published in National Lampoon. The stories were based on Ramis's experience in the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity at Washington University in St. Louis, Miller's Alpha Delta Phi experiences at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire, and producer Reitman's at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario.
Of the younger lead actors, only the 28-year-old Belushi was an established star, but even he had not yet appeared in a film, having gained fame mainly from his television appearances on Saturday Night Live, which was starting its third season in autumn 1977. Several of the actors who were cast as college students, including Hulce, Karen Allen, and Kevin Bacon, were just beginning their film careers, although Matheson had appeared as one of the vigilante cops in the second Dirty Harry film, Magnum Force, released in 1973.
Upon its initial release, Animal House received generally mixed reviews from critics, but Time and Roger Ebert proclaimed it one of the year's best. Filmed for only $2.8 million, it is one of the most profitable movies in history, garnering an estimated gross of more than $142 million in the form of theatrical rentals and home video, not including merchandising.
The film, along with 1977's The Kentucky Fried Movie, also directed by Landis, was largely responsible for defining and launching the gross out film genre, which became one of Hollywood's staples.[4] As of 2017[update], it was considered by many fans and critics as one of the greatest comedy films ever made. In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed Animal House "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry. It was No. 1 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies". It was No. 36 on AFI's "100 Years... 100 Laughs" list of the 100 best American comedies. In 2008, Empire magazine selected it as one of "The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time."
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Screenplay
3.3 Casting
3.4 Locations
3.5 Principal photography
4 Soundtrack and score
5 Reception
5.1 Critical reception
6 Spin-offs
7 Where Are They Now?
8 Home media
9 Precursors and legacy
10 See also
11 References
12 Sources
13 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1962, Faber College freshmen Lawrence "Larry" Kroger and Kent Dorfman seek to join a fraternity. Finding themselves out of place at the prestigious Omega Theta Pi house's party, they visit the slovenly Delta Tau Chi house next door, where Kent is a "legacy" who cannot be rejected due to his brother having been a member. John "Bluto" Blutarsky welcomes them (claiming they "need the dues"), and they meet other Deltas, including motorcyclist Daniel Simpson "D-Day" Day, chapter president Robert Hoover, ladies' man Eric "Otter" Stratton, and Otter's best friend Donald "Boon" Schoenstein, whose girlfriend Katy is constantly pressuring him to stop drinking with the Deltas and do something with his life. Larry and Kent are invited to pledge and given the fraternity names "Pinto" and "Flounder" respectively, by Bluto, Delta's sergeant-at-arms.
College Dean Vernon Wormer wants to remove the Deltas, who are already on probation, so he invokes his emergency authority and places the fraternity on "double-secret probation" due to various campus conduct violations and their abysmal academic standing. He directs the clean-cut, smug Omega president Greg Marmalard to find a way for him to remove the Deltas from campus. Various incidents, including the prank-related accidental death of a horse belonging to Omega member and Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) cadet commander Douglas Neidermeyer, and an attempt by Otter to date Marmalard's girlfriend, further increase the Dean's and the Omegas' animosity toward the Deltas.
Bluto and D-Day steal the answers to an upcoming test from the trash, not realizing that the Omegas have planted a fake set of answers for them to find. The Deltas fail the exam, and their grade-point averages fall so low that Wormer tells them he needs only one more incident to revoke their charter. To cheer themselves up, the Deltas organize a toga party and bring in Otis Day and the Knights to provide live music. Wormer's wife attends at Otter's invitation and has sex with him. Pinto hooks up with Clorette, a girl he met at the supermarket. They make out, but do not have sex because she passes out drunk. Pinto takes her home in a shopping cart and later discovers that she is the mayor's daughter.
Outraged by his wife's escapades and the mayor's threat of personal violence, Wormer organizes a kangaroo court and revokes Delta's charter. To take their minds off this action, Otter, Boon, Flounder, and Pinto go on a road trip. Otter is successful in picking up four young women from Emily Dickinson College as dates for himself and his Delta brothers. He elicits sympathy by posing as the fiancé of a young woman at the college who died in a recent kiln explosion. They stop at a roadhouse bar where Day's band is performing, not realizing it has an exclusively African-American clientele. A couple of hulking patrons intimidate the Deltas and they quickly exit, smashing up Flounder's borrowed car and leaving their dates behind. The following morning, the girls return to school, evidently none the worse for wear after the desertion but angry at Otter and the other Deltas.
Marmalard and other Omegas lure Otter to a motel and beat him up, believing that Otter is having an affair with Marmalard's girlfriend, Mandy. The Deltas' midterm grades are so poor that an ecstatic Wormer expels them all, having already notified their local draft boards that they are now eligible for military service. The news shocks Flounder so badly that he vomits on Wormer.
The Deltas are despondent, but Bluto rallies them with an impassioned, if historically inaccurate, speech ("Was it over when the Germans bombed Pearl Harbor? Hell no!"), and so they decide to take action against Wormer, the Omegas, and the college. They convert Flounder's damaged car into an armored vehicle and hide it inside a cake-shaped breakaway float in order to sneak into the annual homecoming parade. As they wreak havoc on the event, the futures of several of the student main characters are revealed using freeze-frame labels. Most of the Deltas become respectable professionals, while their adversaries suffer less fortunate outcomes.
Cast[edit]
John Belushi as John "Bluto" Blutarsky
Tim Matheson as Eric "Otter" Stratton
Peter Riegert as Donald "Boon" Schoenstein
Thomas Hulce as Lawrence "Pinto" Kroger
Stephen Furst as Kent "Flounder" Dorfman
Bruce McGill as Daniel Simpson "D-Day" Day
James Widdoes as Robert Hoover
Douglas Kenney as "Stork"
James Daughton as Gregory "Greg" Marmalard
Mark Metcalf as Douglas C. Neidermeyer
Kevin Bacon as Chip Diller
John Vernon as Dean Vernon Wormer
Verna Bloom as Marion Wormer
Donald Sutherland as Professor Dave Jennings
Karen Allen as Katy
Sarah Holcomb as Clorette DePasto
DeWayne Jessie as Otis Day
Mary Louise Weller as Mandy Pepperidge
Martha Smith as Barbara Sue "Babs" Jansen
Cesare Danova as Mayor Carmine DePasto
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Animal House was the first film produced by National Lampoon, the most popular humor magazine on college campuses in the mid-1970s.[5] The periodical specialized in satirizing politics and popular culture. Many of the magazine's writers were recent college graduates, hence its appeal to students all over the country. Doug Kenney was a Lampoon writer and the magazine's first editor-in-chief. He graduated from Harvard University in 1969 and had a college experience closer to the Omegas in the film (he had been president of the university's elite Spee Club).[5] Kenney was responsible for the first appearances of three characters that would appear in the film, Larry Kroger, Mandy Pepperidge, and Vernon Wormer. They made their debut in 1973's National Lampoon's High School Yearbook, a satire of a Middle America 1964 high school yearbook. Kroger's and Pepperidge's characters in the yearbook were effectively the same as their characters in the movie, whereas Vernon Wormer was a P. E. and civics teacher as well as an athletic coach in the yearbook.
However, Kenney felt that fellow Lampoon writer Chris Miller was the magazine's expert on the college experience.[5] Faced with an impending deadline, Miller submitted a chapter from his then-abandoned memoirs entitled "The Night of the Seven Fires" about pledging experiences from his fraternity days in Alpha Delta (associated with the national Alpha Delta Phi during Miller's undergraduate years, the fraternity subsequently disassociated itself from the national organization and is now called Alpha Delta) at the Ivy League's Dartmouth College, in Hanover, New Hampshire. The antics of his fellow fraternities, coupled with experiences like that of a road trip to University of Wisconsin-Madison and its Delta Chi Fraternity, became the inspiration for the Delta Tau Chis of Animal House and many characters in the film (and their nicknames) were based on Miller's fraternity brothers.[5] Filmmaker Ivan Reitman had just finished producing David Cronenberg's first film, Shivers, and called the magazine's publisher Matty Simmons about making movies under the Lampoon banner.[6] Reitman had put together The National Lampoon Show in New York City featuring several future Saturday Night Live cast members, including John Belushi. When most of the Lampoon group moved on to SNL except for Harold Ramis, Reitman approached him with an idea to make a film together using some skits from the Lampoon Show.[6]
Screenplay[edit]
Kenney met Lampoon writer Ramis at the suggestion of Simmons. Ramis drew from his own fraternity experiences as a member of Zeta Beta Tau fraternity at Washington University in St. Louis and was working on a film treatment about college called "Freshman Year", but the magazine's editors were not happy with it.[5] Kenney and Ramis started working on a new film treatment together, positing Charles Manson in a high school, calling it Laser Orgy Girls.[6] Simmons was cool to this idea so they changed the setting to a "northeastern college ... Ivy League kind of school".[4] Kenney was a fan of Miller's fraternity stories and suggested using them as a basis for a movie. Kenney, Miller and Ramis began brainstorming ideas.[6] They saw the film's 1962 setting as "the last innocent year ... of America", and the homecoming parade that ends the film as occurring on November 21, 1963, the day before President Kennedy's assassination.[4] They agreed that Belushi should star in it and Ramis wrote the part of Bluto specifically for the comedian,[7] having been friends with him while at Chicago's The Second City.[8]
The writers were new to screenwriting,[4][7] so their film treatment ran to 110-pages; the average was 15 pages. Reitman and Simmons pitched it to various Hollywood studios. Simmons met with Ned Tanen, an executive at Universal Studios. He was encouraged by younger executives Sean Daniel and Thom Mount who were more receptive to the Lampoon type of humor;[5] Mount had discovered the "Seven Fires" film treatment as Tanen's assistant, while investigating projects left by a fired studio executive.[7] Tanen hated the idea. Ramis remembers, "We went further than I think Universal expected or wanted. I think they were shocked and appalled. Chris' fraternity had virtually been a vomiting cult. And we had a lot of scenes that were almost orgies of vomit ... We didn't back off anything".[6] As the writers created more drafts of the screenplay (nine in total), the studio gradually became more receptive to the project, especially Mount, who championed it.[9] The studio green-lighted the film and set the budget at a modest $3 million.[5] Simmons remembers, "They just figured, 'Screw it, it's a silly little movie, and we'll make a couple of bucks if we're lucky—let them do whatever they want.'"[6]
Casting[edit]
Initially, Reitman had wanted to direct but had made only one film, Cannibal Girls, for $5,000.[6] The film's producers approached Richard Lester and Bob Rafelson before considering John Landis, who got the director job based on his work on Kentucky Fried Movie.[9] That film's script and continuity supervisor was the girlfriend of Sean Daniel, an assistant to Mount. Daniel saw Landis' movie and recommended him. Landis then met with Mount, Reitman and Simmons and got the job.[6] Landis remembers, "When I was given the script, it was the funniest thing I had ever read up to that time. But it was really offensive. There was a great deal of projectile vomiting and rape and all these things".[10] There was also friction between Landis and the writers early on because Landis was a high-school dropout from Hollywood and they were college graduates from the East Coast. Ramis remembers, "He sort of referred immediately to Animal House as 'my movie.' We'd been living with it for two years and we hated that".[6] According to Landis, he drew inspiration from classic Hollywood comedies featuring the likes of Buster Keaton, Harold Lloyd, and the Marx Brothers.[11]
The initial cast was to feature Chevy Chase as Otter, Bill Murray as Boon, Brian Doyle-Murray as Hoover, Dan Aykroyd as D-Day, and John Belushi as Bluto, but only Belushi wanted to do it. Chase was a star from Saturday Night Live, which had recently become a cultural phenomenon. His name would have added credibility to the project, but he turned the film down to do Foul Play;[6] Landis, who wanted to cast unknown[4] dramatic actors[7][6] such as Bacon and Allen (the first film for both) instead of famous comedians,[6] takes credit for subtly discouraging Chase by describing the film as an "ensemble".[4] Landis has also stated that he was not interested in directing a Saturday Night Live movie and that unknowns would be the better choice. The character of D-Day was based on Aykroyd, who was a motorcycle aficionado. Aykroyd was offered the part, but he was already committed to Saturday Night Live.[9] Belushi, who had worked on The National Lampoon Radio Hour before Saturday Night Live,[4] was also committed to the show, but spent Monday through Wednesday making the film and then flying back to New York to do the show on Thursday through Saturday.[8] Ramis originally wrote the role of Boon for himself, but Landis felt that he looked too old for the part and Riegert was cast instead. Landis did offer Ramis a smaller part, but he declined. Landis met with Jack Webb to play Dean Wormer and Kim Novak to play his wife. Webb ultimately backed out due to concerns over his clean-cut image, and was replaced by John Vernon.[6]
Belushi received only $35,000 for Animal House, with a bonus after it became a hit.[8] Landis also met with Meat Loaf in case Belushi did not want to play Bluto. Landis worked with Belushi on his character, who "hardly had any dialogue";[4][12] they decided that Bluto was a cross between Harpo Marx and the Cookie Monster.[4][13] Belushi developed his ability to communicate without talking because his grandmother spoke little English.[14]
Belushi was considered a supporting actor and Universal wanted another star.[7] Landis had been a crew member on Kelly's Heroes and had become friends with actor Donald Sutherland, sometimes babysitting his son Kiefer.[6] Landis asked Sutherland, one of the biggest stars of the 1970s, to be in the film. For two days of work, Sutherland declined the initial offer of $20,000 plus "points" (a percentage of the gross or net income).[15] Universal then offered him his day rate of $25,000[16] or 2% of the film's gross.[15][16] Sutherland took the guaranteed fee, assuming that the film would not be very successful; although this made him the highest-paid member of the cast (Neidemeyer's horse, Junior, and John Belushi each received $40,000),[17] the decision cost Sutherland what he estimates as $14 million.[16] The star's participation, however, was crucial; Landis later said "It was Donald Sutherland who essentially got the film made."[7][16]
"Pinto" was screenwriter Chris Miller's nickname at his Dartmouth fraternity.[4] DeWayne Jessie adopted the "Otis Day" name in his private life and continued touring with the band.[4]
Locations[edit]
Plaque at the Delta House site (2007)
Otis Day and the Knights sang Shama Lama Ding Dong at the Dexter Lake Club (2012 photo)
The filmmakers' next problem was finding a college that would let them shoot the film on their campus.[6] They submitted the script to a number of colleges and universities but "nobody wanted this movie" due to the script; according to Landis, "I couldn't find 'the look'. Every place that had 'the look' said, 'no thank you.'"[4] The University of Missouri (Columbia, Missouri) was scheduled to be the college where filming was to be held, for example, but the president (Herbert W. Schooling) refused permission to film there after reading the script.[17]
The president of the University of Oregon in Eugene, William Beaty Boyd,[18] had been a senior administrator at the University of California in Berkeley in 1966 when his campus was considered for a location of the film The Graduate. After he consulted with other senior administrative colleagues who advised him to turn it down due to the lack of artistic merit, the college campus scenes set at Berkeley were shot at USC in Los Angeles. The film went on to become a classic, and Boyd was determined not to make the same mistake twice when the producers inquired about filming at Oregon. After consulting with student government leaders and officers of the Pan Hellenic Council, the Director of University Relations advised the president that the script, although raunchy and often tasteless, was a very funny spoof of college life. Boyd even allowed the filmmakers to use his office as Dean Wormer's.[6]
The actual house depicted as the Delta House was originally a residence in Eugene, the Dr. A.W. Patterson House. Around 1959, it was acquired by the Psi Deuteron chapter of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity and was their chapter house until 1967, when the chapter was closed due to low membership. The house was sold and slid into disrepair, with the spacious porch removed and the lawn graveled over. At the time of the shooting, the Phi Kappa Psi and Sigma Nu fraternity houses sat next to the old Phi Sigma Kappa house, on the 700 block of East 11th Avenue.[19] The interior of the Phi Kappa Psi house and the Sigma Nu house were used for many of the interior scenes, but the individual rooms were filmed on a soundstage. The Patterson house was demolished in 1986,[20] and the site (44°02′53″N 123°04′52″W / 44.048°N 123.081°W / 44.048; -123.081) is now occupied by Northwest Christian University's school of Education and Counseling. A large boulder placed to the west of the parking entrance displays a bronze plaque commemorating the Delta House location. The concluding parade scene was filmed on Main Street in downtown Cottage Grove, about twenty miles (30 km) south of Eugene via Interstate 5.
Principal photography[edit]
Filming commenced in the autumn of 1977,[13][19][21] and Landis brought the actors who played the Deltas up five days early in order to bond. Staying at the Rodeway Inn motel in adjacent Springfield,[19] they moved an old piano from the lobby into McGill's room, which became known as "party central." James Widdoes ("Hoover") remembers, "It was like freshman orientation. There was a lot of getting to know each other and calling each other by our character names." This tactic encouraged the actors playing the Deltas to separate themselves from the actors playing the Omegas, helping generate authentic animosity between them on camera. Belushi and his wife Judy rented a house in south Eugene in order to keep him away from alcohol and drugs;[6][13] she remained in Oregon while he commuted to New York City for Saturday Night Live.
Although the cast members were warned against mixing with the college students,[4] one night, some girls invited several of the cast members to a fraternity party. They arrived assuming they had been invited and were greeted with open hostility.[6] As they were leaving, Widdoes threw a cup of beer at a group of drunk football players and a fight "like a scene from the movie"[4] broke out. Tim Matheson, Bruce McGill, Peter Riegert, and Widdoes narrowly escaped, with McGill suffering a black eye and Widdoes getting several teeth knocked out.[6]
Other than Belushi's opening yell, the food fight was filmed in one shot, with the actors encouraged to fight for real.[4] Flounder's groceries handling in the supermarket was another single shot; Furst deftly caught the many items Landis and Matheson threw at him, amazing the director.[7][4] By filming the long courtroom scene in one day Landis won a bet with Reitman.[7]
The film's budget was so small that during the 32 days of shooting in Eugene, mostly in November,[13][19][21] Landis had no trailer or office and could not watch dailies for three weeks. His wife Deborah Nadoolman purchased most of the costumes at local thrift stores, and she and Judy Belushi made the party togas.[7] Landis and Bruce McGill staged a scene for reporters visiting the set where the director pretended to be angry at the actor for being difficult on the set.[22] Landis grabbed a breakaway pitcher and smashed it over McGill's head. He fell to the ground and pretended to be unconscious. The reporters were completely fooled, and when Landis asked McGill to get up, he refused to move.[22]
Dexter Lake Club in 2011
Black extras had to be bused in from Portland for the segment at the Dexter Lake Club (43°54′50″N 122°48′41″W / 43.914°N 122.8115°W / 43.914; -122.8115) due to their scarcity around Eugene. More seriously, the segment alarmed Tanen and other studio executives, who perceived it as racist and warned that "'black people in America are going to rip the seats out of theaters if you leave that scene in the movie.'" Richard Pryor's approval helped retain the segment in the film.[4][7] The studio became more enthusiastic about the film when Reitman showed executives and sales managers of various regions in the country a 10-minute production reel that was put together in two days.[9] The reaction was positive and the studio sent 20 copies out to exhibitors.[9] The first preview screening for Animal House was held in Denver four months before it opened nationwide. The crowd loved it and the filmmakers realized they had a potential hit on their hands.[6]
The original cut of the movie was a lengthy 175 minutes and more than an hour was dropped; the deleted scenes included:
a John Landis cameo as a cafeteria dishwasher who tries to stop Bluto from eating all the food. Landis is dragged across a table and thrown to the floor by Bluto who then says "You don't fuck with the eagles unless you know how to fly."
a scene where Boon and Hoover tell Pinto the tales of legendary Delta House frat brothers from years before who had names like Tarantula, Bulldozer, Giraffe, and his girlfriend, Gross Kay.
two different deleted scenes with Otter and a couple of his girlfriends (one played by Sunny Johnson—listed in the credits as "Otter's Co-Ed" although her scene was deleted—and the other played by location scout Katherine Wilson, whose deleted scene can be seen in the theatrical trailer).
an extended version of the scene where Bluto pours mustard on himself and starts singing "I am the Mustard Man."
a sequence showing expelled Deltas going through a medical screening after having to register for the draft, during which the double-jointed D-Day rotates his feet backwards (this scene was removed a few months after release due to many young men hurting themselves while trying to emulate the stunt).
Soundtrack and score[edit]
Original Motion Picture Soundtrack:
National Lampoon's Animal House
Soundtrack album by various artists
Released
1978
Recorded
RCA Studios, New York and Sound Factory West, Hollywood
Genre
Rock and roll, R&B, film score
Length
36:23
Label
MCA
Producer
Kenny Vance
The soundtrack is a mix of rock and roll and rhythm and blues with the original score created by film composer Elmer Bernstein, who had been a Landis family friend since John Landis was a child.[23] Bernstein was easily persuaded to score the film, but was not sure what to make of it. Similar to his preferring dramatic actors for the comedy, Landis asked Bernstein to score it as though it were serious. He adapted the "Faber College Theme" from the Academic Festival Overture by Brahms, and said that the film opened yet another door in his diverse career, to scoring comedies.[23][7]
The soundtrack was released as a vinyl album in 1978, and then as a CD in 1998.
Soundtrack album listing
Side one
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performed by
Length
1. "Faber College Theme" Johannes Brahms, adapted by Elmer Bernstein Elmer Bernstein 0:35
2. "Louie Louie" Richard Berry John Belushi 2:56
3. "Twistin' the Night Away" Sam Cooke Sam Cooke 2:39
4. "Tossin' and Turnin'" Richie Adams, Malou Rene Bobby Lewis 2:49
5. "Shama Lama Ding Dong" Mark Davis Lloyd Williams (Otis Day and the Knights) 2:48
6. "Hey Paula" Raymound Hildebrand Paul & Paula 2:47
7. "Animal House" Stephen Bishop Stephen Bishop 3:41
Side two
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performed by
Length
1. "Intro (The Riddle Song)" Traditional Stephen Bishop 0:49
2. "Money (That's What I Want)" Berry Gordy, Jr., Janie Bradford John Belushi 2:31
3. "Let's Dance" Jim Lee Chris Montez 2:28
4. "Dream Girl" Stephen Bishop Stephen Bishop 4:34
5. "(What a) Wonderful World" Sam Cooke, Herb Alpert, Lou Adler Sam Cooke 2:06
6. "Shout" Ronald Isley, Rudolph Isley, O'Kelly Isley Lloyd Williams (Otis Day and the Knights) 5:04
7. "Faber College Theme" Elmer Bernstein Elmer Bernstein 1:16
Additional music in the film
"Theme from A Summer Place", composed by Max Steiner; performed by Percy Faith and his Orchestra
"Who's Sorry Now?", written by Ted Snyder, Bert Kalmar and Harry Ruby; performed by Connie Francis
"The Washington Post March", composed by John Philip Sousa
"Tammy", by Jay Livingston and Ray Evans
Reception[edit]
In its opening weekend, Animal House grossed $276,538 in 12 theaters.[3] It grossed $120.1 million in North America and went on to achieve a domestic lifetime gross of $141.6 million.[3]
Critical reception[edit]
At the time of its release, Animal House received mixed reviews from critics[4] but several immediately recognized its appeal,[24] and it has since been recognized as one of the best films of 1978.[25][26][27] The film holds a 91% positive rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes. Its consensus states "The talents of director John Landis and Saturday Night Live's irrepressible John Belushi conspired to create a rambunctious, subversive college comedy that continues to resonate."[28] Roger Ebert gave the film four stars out of four and wrote, "It's anarchic, messy, and filled with energy. It assaults us. Part of the movie's impact comes from its sheer level of manic energy. ... But the movie's better made (and better acted) than we might at first realize. It takes skill to create this sort of comic pitch, and the movie's filled with characters that are sketched a little more absorbingly than they had to be, and acted with perception".[12] Ebert later placed the film on his 10 best list of 1978, the only National Lampoon film to have received this honor.[29] In his review for Time, Frank Rich wrote, "At its best it perfectly expresses the fears and loathings of kids who came of age in the late '60s; at its worst Animal House revels in abject silliness. The hilarious highs easily compensate for the puerile lows".[30] Gary Arnold wrote in his review for The Washington Post, "Belushi also controls a wicked array of conspiratorial expressions with the audience. ... He can seem irresistibly funny in repose or invest minor slapstick opportunities with a streak of genius".[31] David Ansen wrote in Newsweek, "But if Animal House lacks the inspired tastelessness of the Lampoon's High School Yearbook Parody, this is still low humor of a high order".[32] Robert Martin wrote in The Globe and Mail, "It is so gross and tasteless you feel you should be disgusted but it's hard to be offended by something that is so sidesplittingly funny".[33] Time magazine proclaimed Animal House one of the year's best.[34]
When the film was released, Landis, Widdoes and Allen went on a national promotional tour.[22] Universal Pictures spent about $4.5 million promoting the film at selected college campuses and helped students organize their own toga parties.[35][36] One such party at the University of Maryland attracted some 2,000 people, while students at the University of Wisconsin–Madison tried for a crowd of 10,000 people and a place in the Guinness Book of World Records.[36] Thanks to the film, toga parties became one of the favorite college campus happenings during 1978 and 1979.[8]
In 2000, the American Film Institute placed the film on its 100 Years...100 Laughs list, where it was ranked #36.[37] Then in 2005, AFI ranked John "Bluto" Blutarsky's quote "Toga! Toga!" at #82 on its list of 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes,[38] with the quotes "Over? Did you say "over?" Nothing is over until we decide it is! Was it over when the Germans bombed Pearl Harbor? Hell, no!" and "Fat, drunk, and stupid is no way to go through life, son" being nominated.[39]
Spin-offs[edit]
Main article: Delta House
The film inspired a short-lived half-hour ABC television sitcom, Delta House, in which Vernon reprised his role as the long-suffering, malevolent Dean Wormer. The series also included Furst as Flounder, McGill as D-Day, and Widdoes as Hoover.[40] The pilot episode was written by the film's screenwriters, Kenney, Miller, and Ramis.[41] Michelle Pfeiffer made her acting debut in the series (playing a new character, "Bombshell"), and Peter Fox was cast as Otter. Belushi's character from the film, John "Bluto" Blutarsky, is in the Army, but his brother, Blotto, played by Josh Mostel, transfers to Faber to carry on Bluto's tradition.[41] Jim Belushi was asked to play the role of Blotto, but declined.
Animal House inspired Co-Ed Fever, another sitcom but without the involvement of the film's producers or cast.[40] Set in a dorm of the formerly all-female Baxter College, the pilot of Co-Ed Fever was aired by CBS on February 4, 1979, but the network canceled the series before airing any more episodes.[42] NBC also had its Animal House-inspired sitcom, Brothers and Sisters, in which three members of Crandall College's Pi Nu fraternity interact with members of the Gamma Iota sorority.[40] Like ABC's Delta House, Brothers and Sisters lasted only three months.[43]
The film's writers planned a film sequel set in 1967 (the so-called "Summer of Love"), in which the Deltas have a reunion for Pinto's marriage in Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco.[44] The only Delta to have become a hippie is Flounder, who is now called Pisces. Later, Chris Miller and John Weidman, another Lampoon writer, created a treatment for this screenplay, but Universal rejected it because the sequel to American Graffiti, which contained some hippie-1967 sequences, had not done well. When John Belushi died, the idea was indefinitely shelved.[44]
A second attempt at a sequel was made in 1982 with producer Matty Simmons co-authoring a script which saw some of the Deltas returning to Faber College five years after the events of the film. The project got no further than a first draft script dated May 6, 1982.[45]
Where Are They Now?[edit]
The 2003 "Double Secret Probation Edition" DVD included a short film, Where Are They Now?: A Delta Alumni Update, a mockumentary purporting that the original film had been a documentary and Landis was catching up with some of the cast (played by their original actors). It was never shown theatrically.
It shows the main Animal House characters 30 years on, following Landis to cities all over America in search of the former Deltas, Omegas, and Dean Wormer, and describes the various locales and professions the characters have settled into:
Donald Schoenstein – Film editor, New York City. Currently in his third marriage to Katy. He has a son named Otis.
Babs Jansen – Tour guide, Universal Studios Hollywood. She mentions to Landis that she is organizing an upcoming Faber reunion, and seems to be successful at her job.
Marion Wormer – Seemingly unemployed in Chicago. She tells Landis of how her husband Vernon accepted the blame for the parade debacle, and was subsequently fired, leading to their divorce. She becomes progressively more tipsy throughout the interview, eventually falling off her chair.
Kent Dorfman – Executive director, Encounter Groups of Cleveland, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio. He recalls trying to diet during the 1970s with a special program requiring him to shoot up the urine of pregnant women.
Robert Hoover – Assistant district attorney, Baltimore, Maryland. Hoover tells the tale of how he quit being a public defender after he realized many of his clients were insane. He also boasts of how his legal advice was sought during the O.J. Simpson murder case.
Chip Diller – Landis receives a letter from Diller, who is currently serving as a missionary in Africa. He recalls how he was prevented from going to Vietnam as his father was a prime donor to several right-wing political campaigns. When he learned of Doug Neidermeyer's fragging in Vietnam, he fell into alcoholism and despair. When he began seeing Jesus in his food, he became a born-again Christian and fell into his current profession as minister and missionary.
Dean Vernon Wormer – Wormer is seen at a nursing home in Florida, under the watchful eye of a male nurse. He appears to be senile, not recognizing Landis at first (calling him "Larry"), and not remembering his tenure as Dean of Faber. When Landis mentions the Deltas, Wormer erupts into a violent, profanity-laced tirade against the boys who cost him his job. He lashes out against the nurse and then physically attacks Landis, knocking out the camera in the process.
Eric Stratton – Gynecologist, Beverly Hills, California. Otter is depicted as still being the affable, suave gentleman he was in his college days. He remarks that gynecology has been very enjoyable for him and that he has straightened up a bit since leaving Faber. An attractive, blonde patient in her underwear then tells Otter she's ready for her examination. Otter politely cuts the interview off and goes into the exam room.
Daniel Simpson Day – Landis remarks in a voiceover that D-Day has been the hardest to track down for the documentary, saying that rumors have flown around, with his whereabouts ranging from a Buddhist monastery in Nepal to the Yukon Territory. Landis eventually approaches a house in Modesto, California, where a man opens the door by a crack and claims, in a Hispanic accent, "I don't know no D-Day person! I don't know him!" He slams the door in Landis' face and then bursts out of the garage in a car. He pulls out onto the street to the strains of the William Tell Overture, gives a manic laugh exactly like D-Day's, and speeds off.
John Blutarsky – In a final voice-over a shot of the White House, Landis remarks that the viewers all know what happened to Bluto and Mandy Pepperidge: they became the President of the United States and First Lady of the United States.
Home media[edit]
Since its initial release, the film has garnered an estimated $141 million in domestic total gross sales, not including merchandising.[3]
Animal House was released on videodisc in 1979.[46] It was released on VHS in 1980, 1983, 1988, and 1990. In 1992, it was released in a 2- pack VHS set that included The Blues Brothers. It was first released on DVD in February 1998 in a "bare bones" full screen presentation. A 20th anniversary widescreen Collector's Edition DVD and a coinciding THX special edition VHS and a widescreen Signature Collection Laserdisc was released later that year, with a 45-minute documentary titled "The Yearbook — An Animal House Reunion" by producer J.M. Kenny, with production notes, theatrical trailer, and new interviews with director Landis, writers Harold Ramis and Chris Miller, composer Elmer Bernstein, and stars Tim Matheson, Karen Allen, Stephen Furst, John Vernon, Verna Bloom, Bruce McGill, James Widdoes, Peter Riegert, Mark Metcalf and Kevin Bacon.[47] In 2000, the collector's edition DVD was packaged along with The Blues Brothers and 1941 in a John Belushi 3-pack box set. The "Double Secret Probation Edition" DVD released in 2003 features cast members reprising their respective roles in a "Where Are They Now?" mockumentary, which posited the original film as a documentary. One major change shown in this mockumentary from the epilogue of the original film is that Bluto went on from his career in the U.S. Senate to become the President of the United States, with a voiceover on a shot of the north portico of the White House, since by then Belushi had died. This DVD also includes "Did You Know That? Universal Animated Anecdotes", a subtitle trivia track, the making of documentary from the Collector's Edition, MxPx "Shout" music video, a theatrical trailer, production notes, and cast and filmmakers biographies.[48] In August 2006, the film was released on an HD DVD/DVD combo disc, which featured the film in a 1080p high-definition format on one side, and a standard-definition format on the opposite side.[49] Along with the film Unleashed, Animal House was one of Universal's first two HD/DVD combo releases,[50] but was later discontinued in 2008 after Universal decided to switch to the Blu-ray optical disc format following the conclusion of the high-definition optical disc format war.[51]
It became available on Blu-ray optical disc in July 2016.[52]
Precursors and legacy[edit]
Animal House was a great box office success despite its limited production costs and started an industry trend,[11] inspiring other comedies such as Porky's, the Police Academy films, the American Pie films, Up the Academy (made by their rival magazine company: MAD), and Old School among others.[5][11] Belushi became the most successful male comedy star in the world until his 1982 death; Bacon also became a star, and he, Matheson, and Allen are among those who have had lengthy acting careers. Reitman, Landis, and Ramis became successful filmmakers; Landis' use of dramatic actors and soundtrack to make the comedy believable became the traditional approach for film comedies.[7]
On the left-wing and counterculture side, the film included references to topical political matters like Kent State shootings, President Harry S. Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Richard Nixon, the Vietnam war, and the civil rights movement.[5] Precursors of this counterculture subversive humor in film were two non-"college movies", M*A*S*H, a 1970 satirical dark comedy, and The Kentucky Fried Movie, a 1977 formless comedy consisting of a series of sketches (which was also directed by Landis).[11]
In 2012 Universal Pictures Stage Productions announced it was developing a stage musical version of the movie. Barenaked Ladies were originally announced to write the score, but they were replaced by composer David Yazbek.[53] Casey Nicholaw will direct;[54] author Michael Mitnick is also reportedly involved.[55]
In 2001, the United States Library of Congress deemed the film culturally significant and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.[56] Animal House is first on Bravo's 100 Funniest Movies.[57] In 2000, the American Film Institute ranked the film No. 36 on 100 Years... 100 Laughs, a list of the 100 best American comedies.[58] In 2006, Miller wrote a more comprehensive memoir of his experiences in Dartmouth's AD house in a book entitled, The Real Animal House: The Awesomely Depraved Saga of the Fraternity That Inspired the Movie, in which Miller recounts hijinks that were considered too risqué for the movie. In 2008, Empire magazine selected Animal House as one of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time.[59] The film was also selected by The New York Times as one of The 1000 Best Movies Ever Made.[60]
See also[edit]
Film in the United States portal
Comedy portal
1970s portal
Rick Meyerowitz, the illustrator who drew the Animal House poster.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "NATIONAL LAMPOON'S ANIMAL HOUSE (AA)". British Board of Film Classification. August 29, 1978. Retrieved August 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lee, Grant (February 15, 1980). "Box-Office Power: 'Animal House' Earns Respect". Los Angeles Times.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "National Lampoon's Animal House". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Animal House: The Inside Story. August 13, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Peterson, Molly (July 29, 2002). "National Lampoon's Animal House". National Public Radio. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Nashawaty, Chris (July 29, 2002). "Building Animal House". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved January 31, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Neumer, Chris (2003). "Animal House: The Movie that Changed Comedy". Stumped. Retrieved 28 October 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Schwartz, Tony (October 23, 1978). "College Humor Comes Back". Newsweek. p. 88.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Medjuck, Joe (July 1978). "The Further Adventures of Ivan Reitman". Take One.
Jump up ^ Olson, Eric (October 23, 1978). "Director, John Landis: The Dean Speaks". Digital Movie Talk.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Mitchell, Elvis (August 25, 2003). "Revisiting Faber College (Toga, Toga, Toga!)". The New York Times. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Ebert, Roger (January 1, 1978). "National Lampoon's Animal House". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved July 24, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Wyant, Dan (December 2, 1977). "The 'chief animal'". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). p. 1B.
Jump up ^ "Lights, Camera, Summer". 20/20. 2018-05-23. ABC.
^ Jump up to: a b Frank Palotta (April 3, 2014). "The Huge 'Animal House' Blunder That Cost Donald Sutherland Millions". Business Insider. Retrieved November 11, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Riley, Jenelle (November 5, 2014). "Donald Sutherland Reflects on Long Run of Success, Looks to 'Snowy' Future". Variety.
^ Jump up to: a b "NATIONAL LAMPOON'S ANIMAL HOUSE". TCM. Retrieved December 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Presidential History | Office of the President". President.uoregon.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Scheppke, Jim. "Animal House (film)". Oregon Encyclopedia. Oregon Historical Society. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "On Film". University of Oregon Archives. October 23, 1978. Archived from the original on September 11, 2007. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Baker, Dean (October 25, 1977). "Seeing a film from inside". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). p. 1B.
^ Jump up to: a b c Arnold, Gary (August 13, 1978). "The Madcap World of John Landis". The Washington Post. pp. H1.
^ Jump up to: a b Kenny, J.M (1998). "The Yearbook: An Animal House Reunion". Animal House: Collector's Edition DVD. Universal Studios.
Jump up ^ "Animal House Movie Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Greatest Films of 1978". AMC Filmsite.org. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The 10 Best Movies of 1978". Film.com. Archived from the original on July 1, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Best Movies of 1978 by Rank". Films101.com. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Animal House Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ebert's 10 Best Lists: 1967–present". The Chicago Sun Times. April 29, 2003. Archived from the original on September 8, 2006. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rich, Frank (August 14, 1978). "School Days". Time. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ Arnold, Gary (August 11, 1978). "National Lampoon's Animal House: Bringing the Beast Out of the Fraternity". The Washington Post. pp. B1.
Jump up ^ Ansen, David (August 7, 1978). "Gross Out". Newsweek. p. 85.
Jump up ^ Martin, Robert (August 5, 1978). "Animal House – A Lampoon Zoo". Globe and Mail. Canada.
Jump up ^ "Year's Best". Time. January 1, 1979. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Bed Sheets Bonanza". Time. October 23, 1978. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Darling, Lynn; Joe Calderone (September 26, 1978). "TOGA! TOGA! TOGA!: The Toga Party, Popping Up on Campuses Across the Country". The Washington Post. pp. C1.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved August 28, 2016.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-12-24.
^ Jump up to: a b c Waters, Harry F (January 29, 1979). "Send in the Clones". Newsweek. p. 85.
^ Jump up to: a b Shales, Tom (January 18, 1979). "Bluto's Gone but His Brother's Carrying On". The Washington Post. pp. B15.
Jump up ^ "Co-ed Fever: Episode Listings". TV.com. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved October 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Brothers and Sisters (1979): Episode Listings". TV.com. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved October 10, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Quindlen, Anna (September 5, 1980). "Young Actor Weary of Lying About Age". New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Script Review: Animal House 2". FilmBuffOnline. Retrieved November 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Disc Duel". Time. February 19, 1979. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ Wolk, Josh (September 4, 1998). "House Rules". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
Jump up ^ Kim, Wook (September 5, 2003). "National Lampoon's Animal House Double Secret Probation Edition". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 21, 2008.
Jump up ^ Bracke, Peter M (August 7, 2006). "National Lampoon's Animal House (HD DVD)". High-Def Digest. Internet Brands. Retrieved May 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ Bracke, Peter M (June 26, 2007). "Unleashed (Re-issue) (HD DVD)". High-Def Digest. Internet Brands. Retrieved May 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ Lambert, David (February 19, 2008). "Site News – Universal Switching From HD DVD to Blu-ray Disc *UPDATED*". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on September 6, 2008. Retrieved May 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ National Lampoon's Animal House [Blu-ray]. "National Lampoon's Animal House [Blu-ray]: John Belushi, Tom Hulce, John Landis: Movies & TV". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 11, 2013. Retrieved 2014-06-29. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ "Casey Nicholaw to Helm New ANIMAL HOUSE Musical; Barenaked Ladies to Write Score!". BroadwayWorld.com. March 5, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Toga Party on Broadway! "Animal House" Being Made Into Stage Musical". Playbill.com. 2012-03-05. Archived from the original on July 1, 2012. Retrieved 2012-06-28.
Jump up ^ "Films Selected to The National Film Registry, Library of Congress 1989–2006". National Film Registry. Retrieved October 10, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Bravo's 100 Funniest Movies of All Time". listal.com. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs" (PDF). AFI.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 1, 2009. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Empire's The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time". Empire Magazine. Retrieved June 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Best 1,000 Movies Ever Made". The New York Times. April 29, 2003. Retrieved May 19, 2010.
Sources[edit]
Hoover, Eric (2008) "'Animal House' at 30: O Bluto, Where Art Thou?", Chronicle of Higher Education, v55 n2 pA1 Sep 2008
Daniel P. Franklin (2006) Politics and film: the political culture of film in the United States, pp. 133–4
Krista M. Tucciarone (2007) "Cinematic College: 'National Lampoon's Animal House' Teaches Theories of Student Development", in Journal of College Student Development
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Animal House.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Animal House
Patterson, Joanna (November 9, 2006). "Miller '63 Reveals the Real History of 'Animal House'". The Dartmouth. Dartmouth College. Archived from the original on January 7, 2008.
Animal House on IMDb
Animal House at AllMovie
Animal House at Box Office Mojo
Animal House at Rotten Tomatoes
Animal House at Metacritic
show
Links to related articles
show
v
t
e
Films directed by John Landis
Schlock (1973)
The Kentucky Fried Movie (1977)
National Lampoon's Animal House (1978)
The Blues Brothers (1980)
An American Werewolf in London (1981)
Coming Soon (1982)
Trading Places (1983)
Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983)
Michael Jackson's Thriller (1983)
Into the Night (1985)
Spies Like Us (1985)
Three Amigos (1986)
Amazon Women on the Moon (1987)
Coming to America (1988)
Oscar (1991)
Innocent Blood (1992)
Beverly Hills Cop III (1994)
The Stupids (1996)
Blues Brothers 2000 (1998)
Susan's Plan (1998)
Slasher (2004)
Mr. Warmth: The Don Rickles Project (2007)
Burke & Hare (2010)
show
v
t
e
National Lampoon
Productions from
National Lampoon magazine (1970–1998)
J2 Communications (1991–2002)
National Lampoon, Inc. (2002–present)
Magazine
National Lampoon magazine
Radio
The National Lampoon Radio Hour
Theater
Lemmings
National Lampoon's Class of '86
Books
and
Special editions
The Best of National Lampoon No. 1
The Breast of National Lampoon
Would You Buy a Used War from This Man?
The Best of National Lampoon No. 3
The National Lampoon Encyclopedia of Humor
Letters from the Editors of National Lampoon
National Lampoon The Best of No. 4
National Lampoon Comics
National Lampoon The Best of No. 5
1964 High School Yearbook Parody
This Side of Parodies
The Job of Sex
The Very Large Book of Comical Funnies
National Lampoon Art Poster Book
Official National Lampoon Bicentennial Calendar 1976
The Gentleman's Bathroom Companion
The 199th Birthday Book
The Iron On Book
National Lampoon Songbook
The Naked and the Nude
National Lampoon Presents French Comics
The Up Yourself Book
Gentleman's Bathroom Companion 2
The Book of Books
Animal House Book
Sunday Newspaper Parody
Tenth Anniversary Anthology 1970–1980
National Lampoon's Doon
Books about the magazine
Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead
A Futile and Stupid Gesture
Going Too Far
If You Don't Buy This Book, We'll Kill This Dog!
Mr. Mike: The Life and Work of Michael O'Donoghue
That's Not Funny, That's Sick
Recordings
Radio Dinner
Lemmings
The Missing White House Tapes
Official National Lampoon Stereo Test and Demonstration Record
Gold Turkey
Goodbye Pop 1952–1976
That's Not Funny, That's Sick
Greatest Hits of the National Lampoon
National Lampoon White Album
The Official National Lampoon Car Stereo Test & Demonstration Tape
Sex, Drugs, Rock 'N' Roll & the End of the World
Buy This Box or We'll Shoot This Dog
Films
Animal House
Movie Madness
Class Reunion
Joy of Sex
Loaded Weapon 1
Senior Trip
Repli-Kate
Blackball
Jake's Booty Call
Gold Diggers
Dorm Daze
Barely Legal
Going the Distance
The Almost Guys
Adam & Eve
Cattle Call
Electric Apricot
Pucked
The Beach Party at the Threshold of Hell
Stoned Age
Totally Baked: A Potumentary
Bag Boy
RoboDoc
One, Two, Many
Endless Bummer
The Legend of Awesomest Maximus
Ratko
Transylmania
Snatched
The Vacation series
Vacation (1983)
European Vacation
Christmas Vacation
Vegas Vacation
Christmas Vacation 2
Vacation (2015)
The Van Wilder series
Van Wilder
The Rise of Taj
Freshman Year
Made-for-TV films
Disco Beaver from Outer Space
Attack of the 5 Ft. 2 In. Women
Favorite Deadly Sins
Dad's Week Off
The Don's Analyst
Men in White
Golf Punks
Thanksgiving Family Reunion
Professor Pepper's School of Good Stuff
Direct to video
Last Resort
Dorm Daze 2: College @ Sea
Pledge This!
TV: The Movie
Electric Apricot: Quest for Festeroo
Films about the magazine
National Lampoon: Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead
A Futile and Stupid Gesture
Television
Delta House
National Lampoon's Funny Money
Related links
Deteriorata
Dick Ballantine
The Harvard Lampoon
O.C. and Stiggs
Authority control
GND: 1033238937
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal_House&oldid=865551991"
Categories:
1978 films
English-language films
National Lampoon films
American films
1970s comedy films
1970s teen films
American sex comedy films
American teen comedy films
Cottage Grove, Oregon
Eugene, Oregon
Films about fraternities and sororities
Films adapted into television programs
Films directed by John Landis
Films set in 1962
Films set in the 1960s
Films shot in Eugene, Oregon
Lane County, Oregon
Screenplays by Douglas Kenney
Screenplays by Chris Miller (writer)
Screenplays by Harold Ramis
1978 soundtracks
Films scored by Elmer Bernstein
Film soundtracks
MCA Records soundtracks
United States National Film Registry films
Universal Pictures films
Films set in universities and colleges
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Archived copy as title
Use mdy dates from January 2016
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Articles with hAudio microformats
Album infoboxes lacking a cover
Good articles
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
Български
Català
Deutsch
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
हिन्दी
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
മലയാളം
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
Türkçe
14 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 24 October 2018, at 16:38 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

attrs: class id

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Animal_House_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Animal House (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

values:
/wiki/George_Folsey,_Jr.
mw-redirect
George Folsey, Jr.

values:
/wiki/Universal_Studios
mw-redirect
Universal Studios

values: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

values:
/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years..._100_Laughs
mw-redirect
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs

values:
/wiki/Empire_(magazine)
mw-redirect
Empire (magazine)

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Grade-point_average
mw-redirect
Grade-point average

values:
/wiki/Doug_Kenney
mw-redirect
Doug Kenney

values: National Lampoon 1964 High School Yearbook Parody

values:
/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri
mw-redirect
St. Louis, Missouri

values:
/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_assassination
mw-redirect
John F. Kennedy assassination

values:
/wiki/Kentucky_Fried_Movie
mw-redirect
Kentucky Fried Movie

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
/wiki/Deborah_Nadoolman
mw-redirect
Deborah Nadoolman

values: text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-style: italic; background-color: gainsboro

values:
/wiki/Vinyl_album
mw-redirect
Vinyl album

values:
tlheader mbox-text
5
text-align:left;background-color:#fff

values: Mark Davis (composer) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Shout_(Isley_Brothers_song)
mw-redirect
Shout (Isley Brothers song)

values:
/wiki/O%27Kelly_Isley,_Jr.
mw-redirect
O'Kelly Isley, Jr.

values:
/wiki/Co-Ed_Fever_(TV_series)
mw-redirect
Co-Ed Fever (TV series)

values: List of television series canceled after one episode

values:
/wiki/Haight-Ashbury,_San_Francisco
mw-redirect
Haight-Ashbury, San Francisco

values:
/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio
mw-redirect
Cleveland, Ohio

values:
/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland
mw-redirect
Baltimore, Maryland

values:
/wiki/O.J._Simpson_murder_case
mw-redirect
O.J. Simpson murder case

values:
/wiki/Born_again_(Christianity)
mw-redirect
Born again (Christianity)

values:
/wiki/Yukon_Territory
mw-redirect
Yukon Territory

values: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

values:
/wiki/Vietnam_war
mw-redirect
Vietnam war

values:
/wiki/Bravo_(US_TV_channel)
mw-redirect
Bravo (US TV channel)

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values:
/wiki/National_Public_Radio
mw-redirect
National Public Radio

values:
/wiki/20/20_(U.S._TV_series)
mw-redirect
20/20 (U.S. TV series)

values:
nofollow
http://president.uoregon.edu/history/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.filmsite.org/1978.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.films101.com/y1978r.htm

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003N9ASEI

values: Category:CS1 maint: Archived copy as title

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.loc.gov/film/nfrchron.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.empireonline.com/500/42.asp

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0077975/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v60324

values: Michael Jackson's Thriller (music video)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
/wiki/National_Lampoon_Lemmings
mw-redirect
National Lampoon Lemmings

values: The National Lampoon Encyclopedia of Humor

values: Letters from the Editors of National Lampoon

values: National Lampoon Presents The Very Large Book of Comical Funnies

values: Official National Lampoon Bicentennial Calendar 1976

values: National Lampoon The Gentleman's Bathroom Companion

values: National Lampoon The 199th Birthday Book

values: National Lampoon Gentleman's Bathroom Companion II

values: National Lampoon Sunday Newspaper Parody

values: National Lampoon Tenth Anniversary Anthology 1970–1980

values:
/wiki/Drunk_Stoned_Brilliant_Dead
mw-redirect
Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead

values: If You Don't Buy This Book, We'll Kill This Dog!

values: Mr. Mike: The Life and Work of Michael O'Donoghue

values: Sex, Drugs, Rock 'N' Roll & the End of the World

values:
/wiki/National_Lampoon%27s_Joy_of_Sex
mw-redirect
National Lampoon's Joy of Sex

values: The Beach Party at the Threshold of Hell

values: National Lampoon's Totally Baked: A Potumentary

values: National Lampoon's Vacation (film series)

values: National Lampoon's Thanksgiving Family Reunion

values: National Lampoon: Drunk Stoned Brilliant Dead

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/1033238937

values: Category:Films about fraternities and sororities

values: Category:Films adapted into television programs

values: Category:Screenplays by Chris Miller (writer)

values: Category:Films scored by Elmer Bernstein

values: Category:United States National Film Registry films

values: Category:Films set in universities and colleges

values: Category:Use mdy dates from January 2016

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Album infoboxes lacking a cover

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Animal_House
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: Животинска къща – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Ich glaub’, mich tritt ein Pferd – German

values: National Lampoon's Animal House – Spanish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: خانه حیوانات – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: नेशनल लैम्पून का एनीमल हाउस – Hindi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: בית החיות – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: അനിമൽ ഹൗസ് – Malayalam

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ml
display: none;

values: Filem National Lampoon's Animal House – Malay

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: アニマル・ハウス – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: National Lampoon's Animal House – Portuguese

values: Зверинец (фильм, 1978) – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: விலங்கு மாளிகை – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Animal_House rootpage-Animal_House skin-vector action-view