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R (New York City Subway service)
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This article is about the train service in New York City Subway. For other uses, see R Train.
Broadway Local
Forest Hills-71st Avenue-bound R train of R46s arriving at 53rd Street.
Note: Dashed pink line shows limited rush hour service to/from 96th Street.
Northern end
Forest Hills–71st Avenue (all times except late nights)
Whitehall Street–South Ferry (late nights)
96th Street (one northbound AM trip)
Southern end
Bay Ridge–95th Street
Stations
49
45 on main route
4 via Second Avenue Subway
Rolling stock
240 R46s (30 trains)[1]
(Rolling stock assignments subject to change)
Depot
Jamaica Yard
Started service
January 15, 1916; 102 years ago (1916-01-15)
show
Route map
Legend
E  F trains continue north
M  R
Forest Hills–71st Avenue
67th Avenue
63rd Drive–Rego Park
Woodhaven Boulevard
Grand Avenue–Newtown
Elmhurst Avenue
Jackson Heights–Roosevelt Avenue
65th Street
Northern Boulevard
46th Street
Steinway Street
36th Street
F trains continue south
Queens Plaza
no regular service
to Crosstown Line
N  W
trains
continue north
E  M trains continue south
planned Second
Avenue Subway
Queens
Manhattan
( N R
rush
hours
) Q
96th Street
northbound only
86th Street
northbound only
72nd Street
northbound only
planned Second
Avenue Subway
F
trains continue
to Queens
Lexington Avenue–59th Street
Lexington Avenue–63rd Street
n'bound
only
Fifth Avenue–59th Street
F
trains
continue south
57th Street–Seventh Avenue
49th Street
northbound only
Times Square–42nd Street
34th Street–Herald Square
28th Street
23rd Street
14th Street–Union Square
Eighth Street–New York University
Prince Street
Canal Street
N  Q trains via Manhattan Bridge
City Hall
Cortlandt Street
Rector Street
no regular service trains
continue Nassau St Line
( W weekdays)
R (late nights)
Whitehall Street
Manhattan
Brooklyn
Court Street
Jay Street–MetroTech
N  Q trains via Manhattan Bridge
B  D
trains to
Manhattan
DeKalb Avenue
B  Q trains continue south
Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center
Union Street
Ninth Street
Prospect Avenue
25th Street
36th Street
D trains continue south
45th Street
53rd Street
59th Street
N trains continue south
Bay Ridge Avenue
77th Street
86th Street
R
Bay Ridge–95th Street
Legend
Lines used by the
Other services sharing tracks with the
Unused lines, connections, or service patterns
R
Termini of services
Cross-platform interchange
Platforms on different levels
This diagram:
view
talk
edit
The R Broadway Local is a rapid transit service in the B Division of the New York City Subway. Its route emblem, or "bullet", is colored yellow since it uses the BMT Broadway Line in Manhattan.[2]
The R operates at all times. Daytime service operates between 71st Avenue in Forest Hills, Queens, and 95th Street in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, making local stops along its entire route; one northbound A.M. rush hour trip terminates at 96th Street/Second Avenue in the Upper East Side of Manhattan instead of 71st Avenue. Late night service operates between Whitehall Street–South Ferry in Lower Manhattan and 95th Street.
The R was originally the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation's 2 service, running along the BMT Fourth Avenue Line in Brooklyn to the Montague Street Tunnel to Manhattan, then running local on the BMT Broadway Line. The 2 became the R in 1961. The R ran local along the BMT Astoria Line in Queens, terminating at Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard until it switched terminals with the N in 1987. After 1987, the R ran via the IND Queens Boulevard Line to Forest Hills, Queens. A variant of the R, from Bay Ridge to Lower Manhattan via the BMT Nassau Street Line, ran from 1967 until 1987.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early history
1.2 1960s-1970s changes
1.3 1980s-2000s changes
1.4 2010s changes
2 Route
2.1 Service pattern
2.2 Stations
3 References
4 External links
History[edit]
Early history[edit]
Original 2 designation for the BMT Fourth Avenue Line service
The current R service is the successor to the original Route 2 of the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation. When 2 service began on January 15, 1916, it ran between Chambers Street on the BMT Nassau Street Line and 86th Street on the BMT Fourth Avenue Line, using the Manhattan Bridge to cross the East River, and running via Fourth Avenue local. Service on the BMT Broadway Line, which at the time was only between Whitehall Street–South Ferry and Times Square–42nd Street, began exactly two years later on January 15, 1918. On July 10, 1919, service may have been extended to 57th Street–Seventh Avenue with the opening of that station.[3] The Montague Street Tunnel and the 60th Street Tunnel both opened on August 1, 1920, and at that time, 2 service was rerouted from the Manhattan Bridge to the tunnel, running local from Queensboro Plaza to 86th Street. Bay Ridge–95th Street station opened on October 31, 1925, and became the service's new southern terminal. During this time, rush-hour specials to Chambers Street were added and later removed, only to be added again. At one time, including during 1931, additional midday service operated local between 57th Street and Whitehall Street–South Ferry. The 2 also used the Nassau Street Loop during rush hours, entering Manhattan via the Manhattan Bridge or Montague Street Tunnel and leaving via the other.
On October 17, 1949, the platform edges on the BMT Astoria Line had been shaved back to accommodate the larger BMT trains, and the BMT's Astoria Shuttle was replaced with through service from the 2 Fourth Avenue Line operating from Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard in Astoria, Queens to Bay Ridge–95th Street in Brooklyn at all times. On June 29, 1950, special rush hour trains began running between Bay Ridge–95th Street and Chambers Street via the south side of the Manhattan Bridge and/or the Montague Street Tunnel. This was discontinued two years later.
1960s-1970s changes[edit]

1967-1979 RR bullet; 1967-1968 RJ bullet;
In the winter of 1960–1961, letter designations started to appear on the route with the introduction of the R27s, which featured it on roll signs. The route was labeled the RR "Fourth Avenue Local via Tunnel". This was in accordance with the Independent Subway System's lettering system, which gave double letters to local trains and single letters to express trains. On January 1, 1961, the RR's northern terminal was relocated to its current location at Forest Hills–71st Avenue, via the BMT 60th Street Tunnel Connection, also known as the "11th Street Cut", and the IND Queens Boulevard Line. Night and weekend RR trains still terminated at 57th Street in Manhattan. PM rush hour Fourth Avenue–Nassau trains went back to the routing that was used prior to 1959, in which trains ran from Broad Street to 95th Street via the Manhattan Bridge, and the Fourth Avenue express tracks.[4][5]
1967-1976 EE bullet
On November 27, 1967, the day after the Chrystie Street Connection opened, the RR was moved back to Astoria–Ditmars Boulevard on the BMT Astoria Line. Replacing it on the Queens Boulevard Line was the new EE service, running weekdays only between Forest Hills–71st Avenue and Whitehall Street (with additional trains terminating at Canal Street). The Nassau Street specials were through-routed from Bay Ridge–95th Street to 168th Street in Jamaica as RJ, along the route used today by the J and Z services. Under the first color scheme, RR was colored green and RJ was red. In the original Chrystie Street routing plans, the TA planned to totally eliminate the RR service, and maintain the RJ route as the main Bay Ridge to Jamaica line.[5]
The RJ designation was only used from November 1967 until July 1, 1968 when it was cut back to Chambers Street and renamed as additional RR rush-hour peak-direction service. Because track connections between the Nassau Street Loop and the south tracks of the Manhattan Bridge were severed as part of the construction of the Chrystie Street Connection, these trains could not run in a loop any more.[4] On August 30, 1976, the EE was discontinued, with the N being extended to Forest Hills on weekdays to replace it.[6] In 1979, the MTA released a revised coloring scheme; RR service was assigned the color yellow (because it used the BMT Broadway Line). Although BMT Nassau Street Line services were colored brown, the rush hour RR service that used the Nassau Street Line was colored yellow, using a diamond bullet. [7][2]
1980s-2000s changes[edit]
On May 6, 1985, the MTA eliminated double letters for local service; the RR became the R. Broadway Line R service continued to use a yellow bullet, while the special Chambers Street-Bay Ridge rush-hour service was now signed with a brown diamond with a white R inside, matching the J and M services using the BMT Nassau Street Line.[8]

1979-1985 RR bullets.
On May 24, 1987, the northern terminals of the N and R were swapped, placing the R along the IND Queens Boulevard Line to Forest Hills–71st Avenue once again, with the N replacing it in Astoria.[9] The change was made to give the R direct access to the Jamaica Yard (where the train is now assigned to this day),[9][10] and previously, R trains had to run light to/from the Coney Island Yard. Starting on April 28, 1986, the Nassau Street Line R service was extended to Metropolitan Avenue for layups and put-ins from Fresh Pond Yard. After the N/R swap, the Nassau R used East New York Yard equipment. This rush hour service was discontinued on November 20, 1987.[11][12]
1985-1987 bullet for rush hour Nassau St R service.
When the IND Archer Avenue Line opened on December 11, 1988, E service was rerouted along to Jamaica Center–Parsons/Archer, and the R was extended to replace the E to Jamaica–179th Street.[13][14] The extension to Jamaica was short-lived, and the R was cut back on September 30, 1990, outside of rush hours,[15] and then during rush hours in October 25, 1992, to 71st–Continental Avenue in favor of making the F local between 71st Avenue and 179th Street at all times, eliminating express service along Hillside Avenue.[11][16]
On September 30, 1990, late-night R service became a shuttle between 36th Street and Bay Ridge–95th Street in Brooklyn.[15] In October 2000, northbound late-night trains began skipping 53rd Street and 45th Street to speed up the relay process.[11]
On September 11, 2001, after the attack on the World Trade Center, the BMT Broadway Line was damaged, and the R service was cut back to run only south of Court Street. On September 17, R service was completely suspended, replaced with J service in Brooklyn and Q service in Manhattan and Queens.[17] All three trains returned to normal service by October 28.[18][19]
On September 8, 2002, Coney Island–Stillwell Avenue was closed for reconstruction. Late night R service was extended to Pacific Street, running express between that station and 36th Street.[20] Service was cut back to 36th Street when the north side of the Manhattan Bridge reopened on February 22, 2004.[11][21]
2010s changes[edit]
After Hurricane Sandy flooded the system, the Montague Street Tunnel was completely flooded. When service was restored, the R train was split into two sections (between Forest Hills and 34th Street–Herald Square and between Jay Street–MetroTech and Bay Ridge–95th Street). On December 4, the Queens–Manhattan section was extended to Whitehall Street–South Ferry. On December 21, full service was restored between Manhattan and Brooklyn after the Montague Street Tubes were drained.[22][23][24]
However, from August 2, 2013, to fall 2014, the tunnel closed again so that extra repairs could be completed, bringing back similar storm changes to the R train. On weekdays, the divided R ran in two sections: one section between Forest Hills and Whitehall Street–South Ferry, and the other between Court Street-Borough Hall and Bay Ridge–95th Street. On weekends, the R train ran its full route via the Manhattan Bridge, skipping all stations between Canal Street and DeKalb Avenue.[25][26][27] The weekday service between Forest Hills and Whitehall Street essentially recreated the former EE route from 1967 to 1976. Originally slated to open by October 2014, the tunnel re-opened a few weeks early, on September 15, 2014, and $58 million under budget.[28][29][30][31]
On June 16, 2016, it was announced that late-night R service would be extended north to Whitehall Street in order to provide a one-seat ride into Manhattan. This eliminated the need for northbound trains to skip 45th Street and 53rd Street as R trains no longer needed to relay on the express tracks at 36th Street.[32] The change took place on November 5, 2016.[33][34][35][36] During evenings, many R trains originating from Forest Hills-71st Avenue used to short-turn at Whitehall Street, resulting in long headways along the R in Brooklyn. As part of the changes, these short-turns were extended to 95th Street.[37]
In November 2017, one northbound R trip was diverted to serve the Second Avenue Subway to increase service on that line during the morning rush hour.[38][39]
Route[edit]
Service pattern[edit]
The following table shows the lines used by the R, with shaded boxes indicating the route at the specified times:[39][40]
Line
From
To
Tracks
Times
rush hours
all
ex.
nights
late
nights
IND Second Avenue Line 96th Street 72nd Street all One rush hour trip
BMT 63rd Street Line (full line) Lexington Avenue–63rd Street all
IND Queens Boulevard Line Forest Hills–71st Avenue Queens Plaza local Most trains
60th Street Tunnel Connection and 60th Street Tunnel all
BMT Broadway Line (full line) Lexington Avenue/59th Street 49th Street local
57th Street–Seventh Avenue express One rush hour trip
49th Street Canal Street local
City Hall Rector Street all
Whitehall Street–South Ferry all
Montague Street Tunnel all
BMT Fourth Avenue Line (full line) Court Street Bay Ridge–95th Street local
Stations[edit]
For a more detailed station listing, see the articles on the lines listed above.
Station service legend
Stops all times
Stops all times except late nights
Stops late nights only
Stops weekdays only
Station closed
Stops rush hours/weekdays in the peak direction only (including limited service)
Time period details
Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
↑ Station is compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act
in the indicated direction only
↓
Elevator access to mezzanine only

71st

96th
Stations
Subway transfers
Connections and notes
Manhattan
Second Avenue Line (one rush hour trip only)[37][41]
N/A ↑ 96th Street N Q  M15 Select Bus Service
↑ 86th Street N Q  M15 Select Bus Service
M86 Select Bus Service
↑ 72nd Street N Q  M15 Select Bus Service
63rd Street Line (one rush hour trip only)[41]
N/A ↑ Lexington Avenue–63rd Street F  N Q R
Out-of-system transfers with MetroCard:
4 5 6 <6> (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at 59th Street)
N R W (BMT Broadway Line at Lexington Avenue/59th Street)
Queens
Queens Boulevard Line
N/A Forest Hills–71st Avenue E F M  LIRR Main Line at Forest Hills
67th Avenue M
63rd Drive–Rego Park M Q72 bus to LaGuardia Airport
Woodhaven Boulevard M Q52/Q53 Select Bus Service
Grand Avenue–Newtown M Q53 Select Bus Service
Elmhurst Avenue M Q53 Select Bus Service
Jackson Heights–Roosevelt Avenue E F M
7 (IRT Flushing Line) Q47 bus to LaGuardia Airport Marine Air Terminal
Q53 Select Bus Service
Q70 Select Bus Service to LaGuardia Airport
65th Street M
Northern Boulevard M
46th Street M
Steinway Street M
36th Street M
Queens Plaza E M
Manhattan
Broadway Line
N/A Lexington Avenue/59th Street N W
4 5 6 <6> (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
Out-of-system transfer with MetroCard: F  N Q R (63rd Street Lines at Lexington Avenue–63rd Street) Roosevelt Island Tramway
Fifth Avenue–59th Street N W
Broadway Line (Queens Boulevard and Second Avenue branches merge)
↑ 57th Street–Seventh Avenue N Q W
↑ 49th Street ↑ N W Station is ADA-accessible in the northbound direction only.
↑ Times Square–42nd Street N Q W
1 2 3 (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)
7 <7>  (IRT Flushing Line)
A C E (IND Eighth Avenue Line at 42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal)
S (42nd Street Shuttle) Port Authority Bus Terminal
↑ 34th Street–Herald Square N Q W
B D F M (IND Sixth Avenue Line) M34 / M34A Select Bus Service
PATH at 33rd Street
↑ 28th Street N W
↑ 23rd Street N W M23 Select Bus Service
↑ 14th Street–Union Square N Q W
L (BMT Canarsie Line)
4 5 6 <6> (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
↑ Eighth Street–New York University N W
↑ Prince Street N W
↑ Canal Street N Q W
4 6 (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)
J Z (BMT Nassau Street Line) Stops on the upper level
↑ City Hall N W
↑ Cortlandt Street N W
2 3 (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at Park Place)
A C (IND Eighth Avenue Line at Chambers Street)
E (IND Eighth Avenue Line at World Trade Center) PATH at World Trade Center
↑ Rector Street N W
↑ South Ferry–Whitehall Street N W
1 2 (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line) at South Ferry
Out-of-system transfer with MetroCard on weekends only: 4 5 (IRT Lexington Avenue Line at Bowling Green) M15 Select Bus Service
Staten Island Ferry at Whitehall Terminal
Northern terminal for late night trains
Brooklyn
↑ Court Street N W
2 3 (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line at Borough Hall)
4 5 (IRT Eastern Parkway Line at Borough Hall)
↑ Jay Street–MetroTech N W
A C F (IND Fulton Street and Culver Lines)
↑ DeKalb Avenue B D N Q W
Fourth Avenue Line
↑ Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center D N R W
B Q (BMT Brighton Line)
2 3 4 5 (IRT Eastern Parkway Line) LIRR Atlantic Branch at Atlantic Terminal
↑ Union Street D N W
↑ Ninth Street D N W
F G (IND Culver Line at Fourth Avenue)
↑ Prospect Avenue D N W
↑ 25th Street D N W
↑ 36th Street D N R W Some rush hour trips (southbound in the morning, northbound in the evening) begin their runs at this station
↑ 45th Street N W
↑ 53rd Street N W
↑ 59th Street N W Some southbound a.m. rush hour trips terminate at this station
↑ Bay Ridge Avenue
↑ 77th Street
↑ 86th Street S79 Select Bus Service
↑ Bay Ridge–95th Street
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Korman, Joe (January 12, 2018). "BMT-IND Car Assignments". JoeKorNer.
^ Jump up to: a b Grynbaum, Michael M. (May 10, 2010). "Take the Tomato 2 Stops to the Sunflower". The New York Times. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Bolden, Eric. "NYCT Line by Line History". erictb.info. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "A History Of The R Train". New York Division Bulletin. New York Division, Electric Railroaders' Association. 53 (9). September 2010. Retrieved August 31, 2016 – via Issu.
^ Jump up to: a b "BMT Riders: Change In Routes! January 1 To further improve routes". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. January 1961. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Service Adjustment on BMT and IND Lines Effective 1 A.M. Monday, Aug. 30". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. August 1976. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hogarty, Dave (August 3, 2007). "Michael Hertz, Designer of the NYC Subway Map". Gothamist. Archived from the original on August 18, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
Jump up ^
"Hey, What's a "K" train? 1985 Brochure". thejoekorner.com. 1985. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
"Hey, What's a "K" train? 1985 Brochure". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. 1985. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Shifts on N and R Lines Are Planned in Queens". The New York Times. October 16, 1986. p. B10. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Announcing Service Changes On The N and R Routes Beginning May 24, 1987 New Routes Mean Better Service". subwaynut.com. New York City Transit Authority. May 1987. Retrieved August 31, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Chiasson, George (October 2010). "A History Of The R Train". New York Division Bulletin. New York Division, Electric Railroaders' Association. 53 (10). Retrieved August 31, 2016 – via Issu.
Jump up ^ New York Division Bulletin. Electric Railroaders' Association. December 1987. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "System-Wide Changes In Subway Service Effective Sunday, December 11, 1988". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. 1988. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Kirk (December 9, 1988). "Big Changes For Subways Are to Begin". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Service Changes September 30, 1990" (PDF). subwaynut.com. New York City Transit Authority. September 30, 1990. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ "October 1992 New York City Subway Map". Flickr. New York City Transit Authority. October 1992. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Calcagno, Michael; Soltren, Jose (September 17, 2001). "New York City Subway Map September 17, 2001". nycsubway.org. Retrieved November 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Calcagno, Michael (2002). "October 28, 2001 Subway Map". nycsubway.org. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Korman, Joseph D. (May 26, 2016). "Subway Line Names World Trade Center Terror - 9-11-2001". www.thejoekorner.com. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "F N W Q Q Changes Sun, Sept 8, 2002 to Spring 2004 Reconstruction of Stillwell Avenue Terminal changes service in Brooklyn, Manhattan and Queens". The Subway Nut. New York City Transit Authority. July 2002. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "MTA NYC Transit Manhattan Bridge Information". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. February 5, 2004. Archived from the original on February 5, 2004. Retrieved September 18, 2016. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "Restoring R Service in the Montague St. Tube". web.mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kabak, Benjamin (December 20, 2012). "It's official: Montague St. Tunnel R train service to resume tomorrow". Second Ave. Sagas. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Cox, Jeremiah (September 7, 2012). "Hurricane Sandy: Effects on Subway & Rail Service". subwaynut.com. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "R Montague Tunnel Closure Map" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 2013. Archived from the original on June 16, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2016. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "R Service affected by 14 month closure of Montague Under River Tube". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. July 2013. Archived from the original on June 9, 2013. Retrieved October 30, 2016. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ Flegenheimer, Matt (August 4, 2013). "On R Train, Unwelcome Reminder of Storm's Impact". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ McGeehan, Patrick (September 12, 2014). "Subway Tunnel to Open, Storm Repairs Finished". The New York Times. Retrieved September 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Newman, Andy; Goodman, J. David (September 15, 2014). "The R Roars Back". The New York Times. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "EXCLUSIVE: R train's East River tunnel may reopen early". Brooklyn Daily. Brooklyn Daily. September 8, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "R Train To Resume Service Between Brooklyn And Manhattan Monday". cbslocal.com. CBS Local. September 14, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Change Allows More Transfers, Faster Commutes for Brooklyn Customers". www.mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 16, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "SUB-DIVISION B TRAIN OPERATOR/CONDUCTOR ROAD & NON-ROAD WORK PROGRAMS IN EFFECT: NOVEMBER 6, 2016" (PDF). progressiveaction.info. New York City Transit. July 29, 2016. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Transit & Bus Committee Meeting June 2016" (PDF). www.mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 17, 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 7, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lam, Katherine (October 23, 2016). "MTA flyers spotted for W train's return in November". PIX11. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "New NQRW Service". mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. October 2016. Retrieved October 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "R Subway Timetable, Effective June 25, 2017" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rivoli, Dan (May 22, 2017). "MTA to add Q trains on Second Ave. subway line as ridership soars". New York Daily News. Retrieved May 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "7:01 AM - 8:05 AM 96 ST - TransitFeeds". transitfeeds.com. November 6, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Subway Service Guide" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. June 25, 2017. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "GTFS Schedule Data - New York City Transit Subway" (ZIP). New York, NY: Metropolitan Transportation Authority. May 13, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to R (New York City Subway service).
MTA New York City Transit – R Broadway Local
MTA Subway Time – R Train
"R Subway Timetable, Effective June 25, 2017" (PDF). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Retrieved June 25, 2017.
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text:
Midnight Diner (Japanese TV Series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Midnight Diner
Also known as
Shinya Shokudō
Genre
Mystery
Slice of life
Food
Based on
Shinya Shokudō
by Yarō Abe
Starring
Kaoru Kobayashi
Country of origin
Japan
Original language(s)
Japanese
No. of seasons
4
No. of episodes
40
Production
Producer(s)
Takeshi Moriya
Running time
30 minutes
Distributor
MBS/Netflix
Release
Original network
TBS Television
Original release
2011 (2011)
Chronology
Related shows
Shinya Shokudō
Midnight Diner Late Night Restaurant
Midnight Diner (深夜食堂, Shinya shokudō) is a Japanese TV series based on the manga of the same name by Yarō Abe. The show focuses on a midnight diner, the chef, known only as "The Master", and his involvement with his customers.
Contents
1 Setting
2 Storyline
3 Recurring characters
3.1 The Master
3.2 Tadashi
3.3 The Office Lady Greek Chorus
3.4 Yakuza boss
3.5 Police Officer
4 Production
5 Non-Japanese remakes
6 Cast
7 References
8 External links
Setting[edit]
The setting of Midnight Diner is a small 12 seat Izakaya called "Meshiya" in Shinjuku, Tokyo. Despite the restaurant's strange opening hours, 12 am to 7 am, it is popular with the busy nightlife of Shinjuku. The Shinjuku setting, and the hours of operation, mean that much of the Midnight Diner story takes place at night.
Storyline[edit]
"The Master", the main character of the show, is a chef who runs While he has a limited range of food, (generally only pork miso soup) he always offers that he will "do the best he can" to produce any thing that a customer may want with the ingredients he has at hand. Sometimes the customer contributes the ingredients, particularly if they are out of the ordinary. The diner is frequented by a range of people, all of whom get on, including prostitutes, Yakuza, salaryman. Only occasionally is there conflict between the characters, (e.g., in one scene two characters start fighting and the Master pours alcohol on them).
Generally, each episode deals with a drama focused on a particular customer, only rarely are the dramas about the Master himself (mainly the first movie, where the master injures his hand and can't cook). The plot will introduce the characters of the episode, and then detail that they are sad or challenged in some way. The Master offers help to his customers generally, and to give advice. The plot will generally offer some philosophical lesson as part of the story, be it simple or complicated. The Master himself tends to offer advice, and at least console with a good meal, but doesn't personally get involved in the dramas.[1] Some of the stories are lighthearted, others more dramatic.
Generally, the show will focus on a particular dish, (often the favorite of the character that the episode is about) which relates to the story, and show the preparation of it.[2][3]
The Master character occasionally breaks the fourth wall, to speak to the viewers (e.g. in the TV series, to announce the upcoming movie). In the first movie, the master is assisted by a homeless girl, (played by Tabe Mikako) who learns some of his cooking techniques, though generally he cooks by himself.
While generally the characters are transitional, and are mainly seen in their own episodes, and perhaps as background in minor characters in one or two other episodes, a couple of characters are regular customers and reappear regularly, including the trio of gossiping old ladies, and Tadashi, the old man wearing a cap (played by Mansaku Fuwa). Occasionally seen is the cross-dressing restaurant owner Kosuzu (Toshiki Ayata), and the Yakuza boss (played by Yutaka Matsushige).[4]
Occasionally, the stories will adopt magic realism overtones, including in one story, the depiction of a ghost. Commentary has also suggested that the Tadashi character may be a type of Japanese demon that is seen at bars[citation needed].
Recurring characters[edit]
The Master[edit]
The main character of the show is the Master. He is a somewhat mysterious figure; he is well regarded for his cooking talents, but his background is not detailed. He has a very obvious scar down the side of his face, implied in one episode to be from a sword cut from a rough past life; however, this is otherwise never explained. The Master character's actual name is never given. He is a sympathetic character, however despite the various problems his customer has, he never gets too involved in their affairs, and is generally not involved in scenes with them, except at his restaurant. His main way of assisting is to bring comfort by making food, and to provide advice.
His character is similar to a bartender in the away that he functions as an adviser/psychiatrist, and the characters project their insecurities or issues on to him, or discuss and mull over their problems with him. He doesn't engage upon in depth conversation, however what wisdom he does say seems to have an effect. Instead of getting involved in people's issues directly, he mainly offers advice. Most of the time, he is cooking, cleaning dishes, or having a cigarette in the kitchen.
The master has a few rules for the kitchen, he has a limit of three drinks per person, and any fighting has to be taken outside.[5]
Tadashi[edit]
Tadashi (played by Mansaku Fuwa) is the character in the show that most frequently appears, apart from the master. He is an older man, who is always seen wearing a flat cap or some sort of hat. He occasionally offers advice, and harmless banter. Generally the stories don't involve him, he is just in the Izakaya to pass comment.
The Office Lady Greek Chorus[edit]
The Greek chorus of three office ladies, like Tadako, are generally not involved in the drama, and apart from Tadako, they are the most obvious recurring characters. They appear in the Izakaya, and offer comment on the drama, or filler dialogue between the main characters for the individual episode. They appear in all four seasons and the two movies. They are generally sympathetic to the troubled eaters in the restaurant.
Yakuza boss[edit]
The Yakuza boss is featured less in the Izakaya, his main feature is that he likes to eat childish food.
Police Officer[edit]
There is a police officer close by in a kōban, who sometimes features and has a less significant, but recurring role.
Production[edit]
The show has been a success in Japan,[6][7] with four seasons produced in 2009, 2011, 2014 and 2017. Also, to date, two movies were produced by TBS and MBS. The fourth season (known in the US as "Midnight Diner: Tokyo Stories") produced in 2016 by TBS and Netflix Japan. Netflix Japan purchased streaming and production rights from the Japanese producer to produce the fourth series, which is shown on Netflix internationally.
Non-Japanese remakes[edit]
Following the success of the original Japanese version, Korean and Chinese versions were made. The Korean version, Late Night Restaurant, was mildly successful, and one season was made. The Chinese version, also called Midnight Diner, was very similar to the Japanese version but did not translate well to the audience and was not successful.
Cast[edit]
Main cast
Kaoru Kobayashi as The Master
Joe Odagiri as Katagiri and (in later seasons) police officer Kogure
Asako Kobayashi as Rumi
Mansaku Fuwa as Tadashi / Chu - San
Kaoru Hirata as Saya
Yutaka Matsushige as Yakuza boss
Mansaku Fuwa as Tadashi
Toshiki Ayata as Kosuzu
Yuichiro Nakayama as Hachiro
Tomoko Tabata as Miyuki Chidori
Tomorowo Taguchi as Sakushika
Toru Kazama as Taiboku Erekuto
Sumie Sasaki as Taiboku's mom )
Sogen Tanaka as Tanaka
Naoaki Kenmochi as Anzai
Junya Kawashima as Suwa
Ryo Iwamatsu as Masao Toyama
Morio Agata as Goro
Koromo Tomosato as Ritsuko Toyama
Tomomitsu Adachi
Takuma Otoo as katutoshi kawada
Reika Kirishima as Akemi
Marino Kuwajima as Mayu
Shinya Natsume as snack bar customer
Kei Tanaka as Nakajima
Eri Murakawa as Risa Aikawa
Takeshi Yamamoto as producer
You as Noriko Kajami
Denden as homeless
Lily as Yachiyo
Ryotaro Yonemura as Mitchell Kajama
Sakuya Nakamura as Kenta
Maki Ishikawa as Yuki
Ken Mitsuishi as detective
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Herald, The Korea (2015-06-23). "[Herald Review] Like Japanese food, 'Midnight Diner' is mild but heartwarming". Retrieved 2018-07-11.
Jump up ^ ""Midnight Diner: Tokyo Stories" is the best (and most appetizing) show no one is watching". Newsweek. 2016-12-07. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
Jump up ^ "Netflix's 'Midnight Diner: Tokyo Stories' is the Food-Centric Drama of the Year". SAVEUR. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
Jump up ^ "Midnight Diner: Tokyo Stories is the next great show from Netflix Japan". The Verge. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
Jump up ^ "'Midnight Diner: Tokyo Stories' Is a Hidden Gem on Netflix". Vice. 2016-12-28. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
Jump up ^ "9 J-Dramas for K-Drama Fans to Start Watching | Viu". Viu. 2017-10-20. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
Jump up ^ "'Midnight Diner: Tokyo Stories' Is Decidedly Low-Key, But It Does One Thing More American Shows Should". Decider. 2016-10-25. Retrieved 2018-07-11.
External links[edit]
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3958276/
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Midnight_Diner_(Japanese_TV_Series)&oldid=865026269"
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text:
I'm Not a Robot
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
I'm Not a Robot
Promotional poster
Also known as
I am Not a Robot
She's Not a Robot?!
Original title
로봇이 아니야
Genre
Romantic comedy
Sci-fi[1]
Created by
Han Hee (ko) for MBC
Written by
Kim Sun-mi
Lee Seok-joon
Directed by
Jung Dae-yoon
Starring
Yoo Seung-ho
Chae Soo-bin
Um Ki-joon
Country of origin
South Korea
Original language(s)
Korean
No. of episodes
32[a]
Production
Executive producer(s)
Kim Jin-chun
Producer(s)
Yoo Hyun-jong
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
35 minutes[a]
Production company(s)
May Queen Pictures
Distributor
MBC
Release
Original network
MBC
Picture format
1080i (HDTV)
Audio format
Dolby Digital
Original release
December 6, 2017 (2017-12-06) – January 25, 2018 (2018-01-25)
External links
Website
Production website
I'm Not a Robot[3] (Hangul: 로봇이 아니야; RR: Robosi Aniya) is a South Korean television series starring Yoo Seung-ho, Chae Soo-bin and Um Ki-joon. It is written by Kim Sun-mi and directed by Jung Dae-yoon. Producing the series for MBC is May Queen Pictures.[4] It aired on MBC from December 6, 2017 to January 25, 2018 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 (KST) for 32 episodes.[5][6][7]
The series was a commercial failure only averaging 3.22% in audience share, and received the lowest viewership ratings in its time-slot throughout its run.[8][9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Supporting
2.2.1 Santa Maria team
2.2.2 KM Financial
2.2.3 People around Min-kyu
2.2.4 People around Ji-ah
2.3 Extended
2.4 Cameo
3 Production
4 Soundtrack
4.1 Part 1
4.2 Part 2
4.3 Part 3
4.4 Part 4
4.5 Part 5
4.6 Part 6
5 Ratings
6 International broadcast
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Kim Min-kyu (Yoo Seung-ho) lives an isolated life due to a severe allergy to other people. He develops extreme rashes that rapidly spread throughout his body once he makes any form of skin contact. Jo Ji-ah (Chae Soo-bin) is a woman who is trying to make it in life by creating her own businesses. However, after an encounter with Min-kyu, she ends up pretending to be a robot in place of the supposed Aji 3 robot. The Aji 3 robot was developed by Ji-ah's ex-boyfriend, professor Hong Baek-kyun (Um Ki-joon) and his team. The robot was meant to be tested by genius Min-kyu, however an accident caused the robot's battery to malfunction. As Baek-kyun modeled the robot after Ji-ah, the team ends up recruiting her to take the place of Aji 3.
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Yoo Seung-ho as Kim Min-kyu (28 years old)
The greatest shareholder of the country's largest financial company with an IQ of 159 but is a "human allergy" patient who cannot be in contact with people. As the business contract states, he is the owner of Aji 3, the robot that was sent to him to be tested. He develops feelings and falls in love with Ji-ah who pretends to be Aji 3 after the malfunction of the robot.
Chae Soo-bin as Jo Ji-ah (28 years old) / Aji 3
Jo Ji-ah: A passionate young entrepreneur who possesses a high emotional intelligence and has great knowledge in mechanics due to her father's influence in his car centre. She was recruited by the Santa Maria robotic team to pretend as Aji 3. She has an IQ of 94.
Aji 3: The world's most advanced humanoid robot among the artificial intelligence models released.[3]
Um Ki-joon as Hong Baek-kyun (34 years old)
Ji-ah's ex-boyfriend who is a world-renowned genius robotics professor and is the creator of the android named Aji 3. He created Aji 3 based on his ex-girlfriend, Ji-ah.
Supporting[edit]
Santa Maria team[edit]
Park Se-wan (ko) as "Pai" Angela Jin (23 years old)
Song Jae-ryong (ko) as "Hoktal" Kang Dong-won (33 years old)
Kim Min-kyu as "Ssanip" Eddie Park (31 years old)
KM Financial[edit]
Kang Ki-young as Hwang Yoo-chul (28 years old)
Min-kyu's childhood best friend who is the CEO of the company.
Hwang Seung-eon as Ye Ri-el (28 years old)
Min-kyu's childhood friend and first love.
Son Byong-ho as Hwang Do-won
Yoo-chul's father and the president of the company.
Lee Byung-joon as Ye Sung-tae
Ri-el's father and one of the founders of the company.
Lee Hae-young (ko) as Mr. Yoon
KM Group Managing Director.
People around Min-kyu[edit]
Um Hyo-sup as Doctor Oh
Min-kyu's doctor.
Kim Ha-kyun (ko) as Butler Sung
People around Ji-ah[edit]
Seo Dong-won (ko) as Jo Jin-bae
Ji-ah's older brother who is the research team leader of KM Financial.
Lee Min-ji as Sun-hye (28 years old)
Ji-ah's friend who is a cafe owner.
Yoon So-mi as Hong-ju (28 years old)
Ji-ah's schoolmate friend and Jin-bae's wife.
Lee Han-seo (ko) as Jo Dong-hyun (8 years old)
Jin-bae and Hong-ju's child.
Extended[edit]
Kim Ki-doo (ko) as Miami
Choi Dong-gu as Alps
Cameo[edit]
Ahn Se-ha
Lee Si-eon
Park Chul-min
Hong Yoon-hwa (ko) as couple in public bathhouse (Ep. 10)
Kim Min-ki (ko) as couple in public bathhouse (Ep. 10)
Production[edit]
Dong Ha and Bang Min-ah were first offered the lead roles, but ultimately declined.[10][11]
The first script reading of the cast was held on September 27, 2017 at MBC Station in Sangam-dong.[12]
Soundtrack[edit]
Part 1[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Something" Seo Dong-seong Park Sung-il, Uncle Sam Sung-hoon (Brown Eyed Soul) 03:15
2. "Something" (Inst.) Park Sung-il, Uncle Sam 03:15
Total length: 06:30
Part 2[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Know Me" (날 알아줄까) Lohi Lohi Stella Jang 03:35
2. "Know Me" (Inst.) Lohi 03:35
Total length: 07:10
Part 3[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Words Of Your Heart" (마음의 말) Lee Chi-hoon Choi Jae-man Kim Yeon-ji 05:05
2. "Words Of Your Heart" (Inst.) Choi Jae-man 05:05
Total length: 10:10
Part 4[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Loving A Thing With All One's Heart" (마음 다해 사랑하는 일) Kim Dam-so Kim Dam-so Damsonegongbang 03:46
2. "Loving A Thing With All One's Heart" (Inst.) Kim Dam-so 03:46
Total length: 07:32
Part 5[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Here I Stand" (여기 서 있어) Juniel Juniel Juniel 04:05
2. "Here I Stand" (Inst.) Juniel 04:05
Total length: 08:10
Part 6[edit]
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Slow Down" (천천히 할래) Vincent Blue Vincent Blue Vincent Blue 04:05
2. "Slow Down" (Inst.) Vincent Blue 04:05
Total length: 08:10
Ratings[edit]
In the table below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.
NR denotes that the drama did not rank in the top 20 daily programs on that date.
Ep.
Original broadcast date
Average audience share
TNmS[13]
AGB Nielsen[14]
Nationwide
Seoul
Nationwide
Seoul
1
December 6, 2017 4.0% (NR) 4.4% (NR) 4.1% (NR) 4.5% (NR)
2
4.3% (NR) 5.1% (NR) 4.5% (NR) 5.3% (NR)
3
December 7, 2017 3.3% (NR) 3.9% (NR) 3.0% (NR) 3.6% (NR)
4
3.4% (NR) 4.0% (NR) 3.1% (NR) 3.7% (NR)
5
December 13, 2017 3.0% (NR) 3.4% (NR) 2.8% (NR) 3.2% (NR)
6
3.4% (NR) 3.7% (NR) 3.1% (NR) 3.4% (NR)
7
December 14, 2017 4.3% (NR) 5.1% (NR) 2.9% (NR) 3.7% (NR)
8
4.8% (NR) 5.5% (NR) 3.4% (NR) 4.0% (NR)
9
December 20, 2017 3.4% (NR) 4.1% (NR) 2.6% (NR) 3.3% (NR)
10
3.9% (NR) 4.5% (NR) 3.3% (NR) 3.8% (NR)
11
December 21, 2017 2.7% (NR) 3.1% (NR) 2.6% (NR) 3.0% (NR)
12
3.3% (NR) 4.2% (NR) 3.2% (NR) 4.1% (NR)
13
December 27, 2017 3.1% (NR) 3.2% (NR) 2.4% (NR) 2.5% (NR)
14
3.7% (NR) 3.9% (NR) 2.7% (NR) 2.8% (NR)
15
December 28, 2017 3.1% (NR) 3.7% (NR) 2.8% (NR) 3.4% (NR)
16
3.3% (NR) 3.8% (NR) 3.1% (NR) 3.6% (NR)
17
January 3, 2018 3.3% (NR) 3.4% (NR) 3.3% (NR) 3.5% (NR)
18
3.9% (NR) 4.2% (NR) 3.6% (NR) 3.9% (NR)
19
January 4, 2018 3.3% (NR) 3.9% (NR) 2.5% (NR) 3.3% (NR)
20
3.8% (NR) 4.0% (NR) 3.5% (NR) 3.7% (NR)
21
January 10, 2018 3.9% (NR) 4.5% (NR) 3.0% (NR) 3.6% (NR)
22
4.5% (NR) 4.8% (NR) 4.0% (NR) 4.3% (NR)
23
January 11, 2018 3.3% (NR) 3.8% (NR) 2.9% (NR) 3.4% (NR)
24
3.8% (NR) 4.0% (NR) 3.9% (NR) 4.1% (NR)
25
January 17, 2018 3.9% (NR) 4.4% (NR) 3.0% (NR) 3.5% (NR)
26
4.4% (NR) 4.8% (NR) 3.6% (NR) 4.0% (NR)
27
January 18, 2018 3.2% (NR) 4.1% (NR) 2.5% (NR) 3.4% (NR)
28
3.6% (NR) 4.3% (NR) 3.2% (NR) 3.9% (NR)
29
January 24, 2018 3.2% (NR) 3.5% (NR) 3.9% (NR) 4.2% (NR)
30
3.7% (NR) 3.9% (NR) 4.3% (NR) 4.5% (NR)
31
January 25, 2018 3.3% (NR) 3.6% (NR) 3.1% (NR) 3.4% (NR)
32
3.9% (NR) 4.1% (NR) 3.4% (NR) 3.6% (NR)
Average
3.63%
3.86%
3.22%
3.69%
International broadcast[edit]
In Philippines, the drama will aired in ABS-CBN on Kapamilya Gold afternoon block on March 5, 2018 at 5:00 pm PST under the title I am Not a Robot. The drama is dubbed in Filipino. Meanwhile, the network's regional stations airs the drama at 9:30 am PST to avoid conflict with regional editions of its flagship evening newscast.
In Singapore, the drama can be watched online on Viu.[15]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b In order to circumvent Korean laws that prevent commercial breaks in the middle of an episode, what would previously have been aired as single 70 minute episodes are now being repackaged as two 35 minute episodes, with two episodes being shown each night with a commercial break between them.[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "'로봇이 아니야' 강기영-황승언-박세완-서동원-이민지-김기두, 개성파 라인업 확정(공식)". Naver (in Korean). Sedaily. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Park, Jin-hai (May 16, 2017). "Drama viewers angry over commercial breaks". Press Reader. The Korea Times. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "I'm Not a Robot". MBC Global Media. MBC&iMBC. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lee, Mi-young. "[단독]'W' 정대윤 PD, '로봇이 아니야'로 복귀…하반기 편성". Naver (in Korean). Joy News 24. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hong, You-kyoung. "Yoo Seung-ho joins cast of 'I'm Not a Robot'". Joins. Korea JoongAng Daily. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kim, Mi-hwa. "유승호X채수빈X엄기준, '로봇이 아니야' 출연 확정(공식)". Naver (in Korean). Star News. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'로봇이 아니야' 김하균-손병호-이병준-엄효섭, 베테랑 라인업(공식)". Naver (in Korean). Sedaily. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Park, Jin-young. "[美친시청률] '흑기사'vs'로봇' 첫방 대결, 김래원 먼저 웃었다". Naver (in Korean). OSEN. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bu, Su-jeong. "유승호 채수빈인데…'로봇이 아니야' 최하위 종영". Naver (in Korean). Dailian. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Baek, Ji-eun. "[공식] 동하 측 "MBC와 합의 하에 '로봇이아니야' 출연고사"". Naver (in Korean). Sports Chosun. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kim, Ji-hyeon. "[단독] 걸스데이 민아, MBC '로봇이 아니야' 출연불발". Naver (in Korean). TV Report. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Park, Jin-young. "[Oh!쎈 컷] '로봇이 아니야' 유승호X채수빈, 열정 가득 첫 대본리딩". Naver (in Korean). Osen. Retrieved October 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "TNMS Daily Ratings: this links to current day-select the date from drop down menu". TNMS Ratings (in Korean). Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "AGB Daily Ratings: this links to current day-select the date from drop down menu". AGB Nielsen Media Research (in Korean). Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Viu". www.viu.com. Retrieved 2018-04-13.
External links[edit]
Official website (in Korean)
I'm Not a Robot at Daum (in Korean)
I'm Not a Robot on IMDb
I'm Not a Robot at HanCinema
MBC: Wednesday–Thursday dramas
Previous program
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(December 6, 2017 – January 25, 2018)
Next program
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(August 30 – November 2, 2017) Behind the White Tower
(January 31, 2018)
Rebroadcast due to the 2018 Winter Olympics
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text:
Ninja rocks
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Ninja rocks are broken shards of spark plugs that are formed by smashing the ceramic portion of the spark plug with a hammer or other large object. Since they can quickly and quietly[1][2] fracture the glass side windows on most cars, ninja rocks have been used in "smash-and-grab" auto burglaries since at least 1995.[3][4][5][6] They have no traditional association with the ninja or ninjutsu, only being named such due to their "silent but deadly" function in burglaries.
Contents
[hide]
1 How they work
2 Legal status
2.1 United States Of America
2.1.1 California
2.1.2 Washington (state)
3 References
How they work[edit]
Tempered glass, which is used for the side windows of most vehicles, is manufactured with an extremely high surface compressive stress and high internal tensile stress, giving it strength and durability, but also leading it to abruptly shatter into thousands of tiny pieces when it breaks. When thrown with moderate speed at a side-window, a sharp shard of the exceptionally hard aluminium oxide ceramic used in spark plugs focuses the impact energy into a small enough area without blunting to initiate cracking, releasing the internal energy and shattering the glass.[7] However, ninja rocks are ineffective if the shards are insufficiently sharp, thrown with too little energy, or thrown against windshields, as these are made of a laminated type of safety glass, and therefore do not shatter.
Legal status[edit]
The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (April 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
United States Of America[edit]
California[edit]
In California, since 2003, ninja rocks are explicitly listed as burglary tools, and their possession with intent to burglarize is a misdemeanor punishable by up to six months in county jail and/or a fine of up to $1000. Legal records do not use the phrase "ninja rocks", preferring more precise phrases such as "ceramic or porcelain spark plug chips or pieces".
Until 2003, "burglary tools" in California did not include devices to break glass. In late 2001, two important convictions including possession of ninja rocks were appealed. In People v. Gordon (2001) 90 Cal.App.4th 1409 (Review denied), Division 1 (San Diego) of the Fourth District Court of Appeal found that possession of ninja rocks was not punishable under section 466 of the penal code. That court applied the ejusdem generis rule of construction, deciding that ninja rocks were not enough alike the then-listed burglary tools. On the other hand, in In re Robert B. (2001) 93 Cal.App.4th 963, Division 3 (Orange County) contradicted this interpretation of section 466 and upheld the conviction. On February 13, 2002, the latter case was granted review by the California Supreme Court.
Two days later, the state assembly proposed in Assembly Bill 2015 to amend section 466 to include ninja rocks. The bill passed unanimously in both houses in August 2002.[8]
Washington (state)[edit]
One Washington trial court found that the ability of ninja rocks to quietly break tempered glass meant that their possession could be used to establish intent to commit burglary, even in a case where the ninja rocks were not actually thrown at any glass because the burglars had found an unlocked door. One defendant appealed his conviction to the Court of Appeals on the grounds that "the trial court erred by admitting an unusual burglary tool into evidence". The Court of Appeals denied this reasoning and upheld the conviction.[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ashton, David F. (November 30, 2005). "Valuables in car? Thieves are "smashing and grabbing"". East County News.
^ Jump up to: a b Bridgewater, Carroll C. (1999). "State of Washington v. Andrew Mcmanus: Opinion Information Sheet". FindLaw. Retrieved 2006-07-30.
Jump up ^ [The Dark Side of Tinkering by Edward Tenner 2001 US News and World Report Dec 24 2001, reprinted in 2003 Knowledge, Technology, & Policy vol 16 (2) 42-44]
Jump up ^ McNamara, Danielle (November 28, 2005). "Officers fight auto theft with stepped-up patrols". Contra Costa Times.
Jump up ^ Sonoma Police Department (April 2006). "Police Blotter". Sonoma Valley Sun. Archived from the original on 2006-06-02. Retrieved 2006-07-30.
Jump up ^ Tenner, Edward (2001-12-24). "The Dark Side Of Tinkering". U.S.News & World Report. Retrieved 2006-07-30.
Jump up ^ National Geographic demonstration video
Jump up ^ "Documents associated with AB 2015 in the Session". California State Legislature. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
Legal
Judicial Council of California (2002). "2002 Legislative Summary" (PDF). Retrieved December 20, 2005.
See also Assembly and Senate committee analyses of AB 2015, among other records.
Amended version of section 466 on FindLaw
San Diego Legal Updates: Burglary Tools[permanent dead link]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ninja_rocks&oldid=828180903"
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This page was last edited on 1 March 2018, at 00:57.
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