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Stop and identify statutes
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States (colored red) in which Stop and Identify statutes were in effect as of February 20, 2013.
"Stop and identify" statutes are statutory laws in the United States that authorize police[1] to legally obtain the identification of someone whom they reasonably suspect of having committed a crime. If there is no reasonable suspicion that a crime has been committed, is being committed, or is about to be committed, an individual is not required to provide identification, even in "Stop and ID" states. In the case of Utah v. Strieff (2016), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that an officer's stop of Edward Strieff and his demand for identification from Strieff was unlawful under Utah state law, but that the evidence collected pursuant to the stop was admissible due to the determination that Strieff was subject to a pre-existing arrest warrant. Therefore, the pre-existing warrant "attenuated" the unlawful stop-and-identify.
The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and requires any warrant to be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968) established that it is constitutionally permissible for police to temporarily detain a person based on an articulable reasonable suspicion that a crime has been committed, and to conduct a search for weapons based on a reasonable belief that the person is armed. The question whether it is constitutionally permissible for the police to demand that a detainee provide his or her name was considered by the U.S. Supreme Court in Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada, 542 U.S. 177 (2004), which held that the name disclosure did not violate the Fourth Amendment prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures. The Hiibel Court also held that, because Hiibel had no reasonable belief that his name would be used to incriminate him, the name disclosure did not violate the Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination; however, the Court left open the possibility that Fifth Amendment right might apply in situations where there was a reasonable belief that giving a name could be incriminating.[2] The Court accepted the Nevada supreme court interpretation of the Nevada statute that a detained person could satisfy the Nevada law by simply stating his name. The Court did not rule on whether particular identification cards could be required, though it did mention one state law requiring "credible and reliable" identification had been struck down for vagueness.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Police–citizen encounters
1.1 Consensual
1.2 Reasonable Suspicion
1.3 Arrest
2 Obligation to identify
2.1 Variations in "stop and identify" laws
2.2 Interaction with other laws
2.3 Interpretation by courts
2.4 Recommendations of legal-aid organizations
3 Other countries
4 See also
5 Notes
6 External links
Police–citizen encounters[edit]
In the United States, interactions between police and citizens fall into three general categories: consensual ("contact" or "conversation"), detention (often called a Terry stop, after Terry v. Ohio, 392 U.S. 1 (1968)), or arrest. "Stop and identify" laws pertain to detentions.
Different obligations apply to drivers of motor vehicles, who generally are required by state vehicle codes to present a driver’s license to police upon request.
Consensual[edit]
At any time, police may approach a person and ask questions. The objective may simply be a friendly conversation; however, the police also may suspect involvement in a crime, but lack "specific and articulable facts"[4] that would justify a detention or arrest, and hope to obtain these facts from the questioning. The person approached is not required to identify himself or answer any other questions, and may leave at any time.[5] Police are not usually required to tell a person that he is free to decline to answer questions and go about his business;[6] however, a person can usually determine whether the interaction is consensual by asking, "Am I free to go?"[7][8]
Reasonable Suspicion[edit]
A person is detained when circumstances are such that a reasonable person would believe he is not free to leave.[9]
Police may briefly detain a person if they have reasonable suspicion that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime. Many state laws explicitly grant this authority. In Terry v. Ohio, the U.S. Supreme Court established that police may conduct a limited search for weapons (known as a "frisk") if they reasonably suspect that the person to be detained may be armed and dangerous.
Police may question a person detained in a Terry stop, but in general, the detainee is not required to answer.[10] However, many states have "stop and identify" laws that explicitly require a person detained under the conditions of Terry to identify himself to police, and in some cases, provide additional information.
Before Hiibel, it was unresolved whether a detainee could be arrested and prosecuted for refusing to disclose his name. Authority on this issue was split among the federal circuit courts of appeal,[11] and the U.S. Supreme Court twice expressly refused to address the question.[12] In Hiibel, the Court held, in a 5–4 decision, that a Nevada "stop and identify" law did not violate the United States Constitution. The Court opinion implied that a detainee was not required to produce written identification, but could satisfy the requirement merely by stating his name. Some "stop and identify" laws do not require that a detainee identify himself, but allow refusal to do so to be considered along with other factors in determining whether there is probable cause to arrest. In some states, providing a false name is an offense.[13]
As of February 2011, the Supreme Court has not addressed the validity of requirements that a detainee provide information other than his name, however some states such as Arizona have specifically codified that a detained person is not required to provide any information aside from their full name.
Arrest[edit]
Main article: Arrest
A detention requires only that police have reasonable suspicion that a person is involved in criminal activity. However, to make an arrest, an officer must have probable cause to believe that the person has committed a crime. Some states require police to inform the person of the intent to make the arrest and the cause for the arrest.[14] But it is not always obvious when a detention becomes an arrest. After making an arrest, police may search a person, his or her belongings, and his or her immediate surroundings.
Whether an arrested person must identify himself may depend on the jurisdiction in which the arrest occurs. If a person is under arrest and police wish to question him, they are required to inform the person of his Fifth-Amendment right to remain silent by giving a Miranda warning. However, Miranda does not apply to biographical data necessary to complete booking.[15][16] It is not clear whether a "stop and identify" law could compel giving one’s name after being arrested, although some states have laws that specifically require an arrested person to give his name and other biographical information,[17] and some state courts[18][19] have held that refusal to give one’s name constitutes obstructing a public officer. As a practical matter, an arrested person who refused to give his name would have little chance of obtaining a prompt release.
Obligation to identify[edit]
States with "stop and identify" laws
Alabama Ala. Code §15-5-30
Arizona Ari. Rev. Stat. Tit. 13, §2412 (enacted 2005) & Tit. 28, §1595
Arkansas Ark. Code Ann. [1]§ 5-71-213 - Loitering
Colorado Colo. Rev. Stat. §16-3-103(1)
Delaware Del. Code Ann., Tit. 11, §§1902, 1321(6)
Florida Fla. Stat. §901.151 (Stop and Frisk Law); §856.021(2) (loitering and prowling)
Georgia Ga. Code Ann. §16-11-36(b) (loitering)
Illinois Ill. Comp. Stat., ch. 725, §5/107-14
Indiana Indiana Code §34-28-5-3.5
Kansas Kan. Stat. Ann. §22-2402(1)
Louisiana La. Code Crim. Proc. Ann., Art. 215.1(A); La. Rev. Stat. 14:108(B)(1)(c)
Missouri (Kansas City Only) Mo. Rev. Stat. §84.710(2)
Montana Mont. Code Ann. §46-5-401
Nebraska Neb. Rev. Stat. §29-829
Nevada Nev. Rev. Stat. §171.123
New Hampshire N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. §594:2, §644:6
New Mexico N.M. Stat. Ann. §30-22-3
New York N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law §140.50
North Dakota N.D. Cent. Code §29-29-21 (PDF)
Ohio Ohio Rev. Code §2921.29 (enacted 2006)
Rhode Island R.I. Gen. Laws §12-7-1
Utah Utah Code Ann. §77-7-15
Vermont Vt. Stat. Ann., Tit. 24, §1983
Wisconsin Wis. Stat. §968.24
States not listed do not have a requirement to show Identification to law enforcement officers. Some states listed have "Stop and ID" laws which may or may not require someone to identify themselves during an investigative detention.
While Wisconsin statutes allow law enforcement officers to "demand" ID, there is no statutory requirement to provide them ID nor is there a penalty for refusing to, hence Wisconsin is not a must ID state. Henes v. Morrissey, 194 Wis.2d 338, 353-54 (1995). Annotations for Wisconsin §968.24, however, state "The principles of Terry permit a state to require a suspect to disclose his or her name in the course of a Terry stop and allow imposing criminal penalties for failing to do so", citing Hiibel as authority. Hiibel held that statutes requiring suspects to disclose their names during police investigations did not violate the Fourth Amendment if the statute first required reasonable and articulable suspicion of criminal involvement. The Wisconsin Supreme Court held in Henes v. Morrissey that "A crime is made up of two parts: proscribed conduct and a prescribed penalty. "The former without the latter is no crime. ... In this case no statute penalizes a refusal to identify oneself to a law enforcement officer, and no penalty is set forth in the statute for refusing to identify oneself. This statute is part of Chapter 968 entitled "Commencement of Criminal Proceedings. By its very terms sec. 968.24 empowers a law enforcement officer to stop and question "in the vicinity where the person was stopped." The statute does not authorize a law enforcement officer to make an arrest." Additionally Henes v. Morrissey held that a detained person not providing their name isn't on its own a violation of 946.41 Resisting or obstructing officer as the act of not identifying ones self isn't a false statement with intent to mislead the officer in the performance of his or her duty.
Neither is Illinois, since the Illinois Second District Appellate Court Decision in People v. Fernandez, 2011 IL App (2d) 100473, which specifically states that section 107-14 is found in the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963, not the Criminal Code of 1961, and governs the conduct of police officers. The fact remains that there is no corresponding duty in the Criminal Code of 1961 for a suspect to identify himself or herself.[20]
By contrast, in Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada, 542 U.S. 177, 181 (2004), a Nevada statute (Nev. Rev. Stat. § 171.123 (2003)) specifically required that a person subjected to a Terry stop “shall identify himself.” The Supreme Court held that the statute was constitutional.
As of February 2011, there is no U.S. federal law requiring that an individual identify himself during a Terry stop, but Hiibel held that states may enact such laws, provided the law requires the officer to have reasonable and articulable suspicion of criminal involvement,[21] and 24 states have done so.[22] The opinion in Hiibel implied that persons detained by police in jurisdictions with constitutional[23] "stop and identify" laws listed are obligated to identify themselves,[24] and that persons detained in other jurisdictions are not.[25] The issue may not be that simple, however, for several reasons:
The wording of "stop and identify" laws varies considerably from state to state.
Noncompliance with a "stop and identify" law that does not explicitly impose a penalty may constitute violation of another law, such as one to the effect of "resisting, obstructing, or delaying a peace officer".
State courts have made varying interpretations of both "stop and identify" and "obstructing" laws.
Variations in "stop and identify" laws[edit]
Four states’ laws (Arizona, Indiana, Louisiana, and Nevada) explicitly impose an obligation to provide identifying information.
Fifteen states grant police authority to ask questions, with varying wording, but do not explicitly impose an obligation to respond:
In Montana, police "may request" identifying information;
In Ohio, identifying information may be required "when requested"; an obligation exists only when the police suspect a person is committing, has committed, or is about to commit a criminal offense, is witness to a violent felony offense, or is witness to an attempt or conspiracy to commit a violent felony offense;
In 12 states (Alabama, Delaware, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Utah, Wisconsin), police "may demand" identifying information. Of note, though, in New Hampshire for example (RSA 594:2), statutory language authorizing a 'demand' for identity does not establish a legal requirement to provide documentation of identity (ID), or even a requirement to respond in the first place. Further, a law enforcement officer is authorized to make such 'demand' only of individuals for "whom he has reason to suspect is committing, has committed or is about to commit a crime."
Identifying information varies, but typically includes
Name, address, and an explanation of the person’s actions;
In some cases it also includes the person’s intended destination, the person’s date of birth (Indiana and Ohio), or written identification if available (Colorado). Ohio does not require the person's intended destination. Ohio requires only name, address, or date of birth. Date of birth is NOT required if the age of the person is an element to the crime (such as underage drinking, curfew violation, etc...) that the person is reasonably suspected of.[26] Indiana requires either name, address, and date of birth, or driver's license, if on the person's possession, and only applies if the person was stopped for an infraction or ordinance violation.[27]
Arizona law, apparently written specifically to codify the holding in Hiibel, requires a person’s "true full name".
Nevada law, which requires a person to "identify himself or herself", apparently requires only that the person state his or her name.
Texas law requires a person to provide their name, residence address and date of birth if lawfully arrested and asked by police. (A detained person or witness of a crime is not required to provide any identifying information, however it is a crime for a detained person or witness to give a false name.)
In four states (Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, and Rhode Island), failure to identify oneself is one factor to be considered in a decision to arrest. In all but Rhode Island, the consideration arises in the context of loitering or prowling.
Seven states (Arizona, Florida, Indiana, Louisiana, New Mexico, Ohio, and Vermont) explicitly impose a criminal penalty for noncompliance with the obligation to identify oneself.
As of February 2011, the validity of a law requiring that a person detained provide anything more than stating his or her name has not come before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Interaction with other laws[edit]
In states whose "stop and identify laws" do not directly impose penalties, a lawful arrest must be for violation of some other law, such as one to the effect of "resisting, obstructing, or delaying a peace officer". For example, the Nevada "stop and identify" law challenged in Hiibel did not impose a penalty on a person who refused to comply, but the Justice Court of Union Township, Nevada, determined that Hiibels refusal to identify himself[28] constituted a violation of Nevada "obstructing" law.[29] A similar conclusion regarding the interaction between Utah "stop and identify" and "obstructing" laws was reached in Oliver v. Woods (10th Cir. 2000).
Interpretation by courts[edit]
"Stop and identify" laws in different states that appear to be nearly identical may be different in effect because of interpretations by state courts. For example, California "stop and identify" law, Penal Code §647(e) had wording[30][31] similar to the Nevada law upheld in Hiibel, but a California appellate court, in People v. Solomon (1973), 33 Cal.App.3d 429 construed the law to require "credible and reliable" identification that carries a "reasonable assurance" of its authenticity. Using this construction, the U.S. Supreme Court held the law to be void for vagueness in Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983).[32]
Some courts have recognized a distinction authorizing police to demand identifying information and specifically imposing an obligation of a suspect to respond.[33] Other courts have apparently interpreted demand to impose an obligation on the detainee to comply.[34][35]
Wording and interpretation by state courts of "obstructing" laws also varies; for example, New York "obstructing" law[36] apparently requires physical rather than simply verbal obstruction;[37][38] likewise, a violation of the Colorado "obstructing" law appears to require use or threat of use of physical force. However, the Colorado Supreme Court held in Dempsey v. People, No. 04SC362 (2005) (PDF) that refusing to provide identification was an element in the "totality of the circumstances" that could constitute obstructing an officer, even when actual physical interference was not employed.[39] Utah "obstructing" law does not require a physical act, but merely a failure to follow a "lawful order . . . necessary to effect the . . . detention";[40] a divided court in Oliver v. Woods concluded that failure to present identification constituted a violation of that law.[35]
It is not universally agreed that, absent a "stop and identify law", there is no obligation for a detainee to identify himself. For example, as the U.S. Supreme Court noted in Hiibel, California "stop and identify" statute was voided in Kolender v. Lawson. But in People v. Long,[41] decided four years after Kolender, a California appellate court found no constitutional impropriety in a police officer’s demand for written identification from a detainee. The issue before the Long court was a request for suppression of evidence uncovered in a search of the defendant’s wallet, so the issue of refusal to present identification was not directly addressed; however, the author of the Long opinion had apparently concluded in a 1980 case that failure to identify oneself did not provide a basis for arrest.[42] Nonetheless, some cite Long in maintaining that refusal to present written identification constitutes obstructing an officer.[43] Others disagree, and maintain that persons detained by police in California cannot be compelled to identify themselves.[44]
Some courts, e.g., State v. Flynn (Wis. 1979)[45] and People v. Loudermilk (Calif. 1987)[46] have held that police may perform a search for written identification if a suspect refuses to provide it; a later California decision, People v. Garcia (2006) strongly disagreed.[47]
Recommendations of legal-aid organizations[edit]
Some legal organizations, such as the National Lawyers Guild and the ACLU of Northern California, recommend to either remain silent or to identify oneself whether or not a jurisdiction has a "stop and identify" law:
And in any state, police do not always follow the law, and refusing to give your name may make them suspicious and lead to your arrest, so use your judgment. If you fear that your name may be incriminating, you can claim the right to remain silent, and if you are arrested, this may help you later. Giving a false name could be a crime.[48]
In a more recent pamphlet, the ACLU of Northern California elaborated on this further, recommending that a person detained by police should:
. . . give your name and the information on your drivers’ license. If you don’t, you may be arrested, even though the arrest may be illegal.[49]
Other countries[edit]
Main article: List of national identity card policies by country
Many countries allow police to demand identification and arrest people who do not carry any. Normally these countries provide all residents with national identity cards, which have the identity information the police would want to know, including citizenship. Foreign visitors need to have their passport available to show at all times. In some cases national identity cards from certain other countries are accepted.
For example, in Portugal it is compulsory to carry the state ID card at all times. This card named Cartão de Cidadão - Citizen Card is an electronic card which includes biometric information, id number, social security number, fiscal information, place of birth, etc. Police can only ask for the ID card in public or a place open to public and only if there is a reasonable suspicion the person committed a crime. A certified copy of the ID card can be presented in such situations. If a citizen does not carry the ID card or its certified copy, the police will escort the person to the police department to remain detained until clear identification can be obtained.[50]
See also[edit]
Brown v. Texas
Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada
Kolender v. Lawson
Miranda v. Arizona
Loitering
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Although police and police officer are used throughout this article, most "stop and identify" laws use the term peace officer (or sometimes law enforcement officer). In general, peace officers are state civil officers charged with preserving the public peace and granted the authority to do so. Peace officers normally include police officers, sheriffs and sheriffs' deputies, marshals, constables, and often many other persons; those included vary among the states.
Jump up ^ In upholding Hiibel's conviction, the Court noted,
In this case petitioner’s refusal to disclose his name was not based on any articulated real and appreciable fear that his name would be used to incriminate him.... As best we can tell, petitioner refused to identify himself only because he thought his name was none of the officer’s business. — 542 U.S. at 190
But the Court did leave open the possibility of different circumstances:
Still, a case may arise where there is a substantial allegation that furnishing identity at the time of a stop would have given the police a link in the chain of evidence needed to convict the individual of a separate offense. In that case, the court can then consider whether the privilege applies, and, if the Fifth Amendment has been violated, what remedy must follow. We need not resolve those questions here. — 542 U.S. at 191
Jump up ^ Writing for the Court in Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada, Justice Kennedy stated,
Here the Nevada statute is narrower and more precise. The statute in Kolender had been interpreted to require a suspect to give the officer "credible and reliable" identification. In contrast, the Nevada Supreme Court has interpreted NRS §171.123(3) to require only that a suspect disclose his name. — 542 U.S. at 184–185
Justice Kennedy continued,
As we understand it, the statute does not require a suspect to give the officer a drivers license or any other document. Provided that the suspect either states his name or communicates it to the officer by other means—a choice, we assume, that the suspect may make—the statute is satisfied and no violation occurs. — 542 U.S. at 185
Writing for the Nevada Supreme Court in Hiibel v. Dist. Ct., Chief Justice Young said,
The suspect is not required to provide private details about his background, but merely to state his name to an officer when reasonable suspicion exists. — 118 Nev. 868 at 875
Jump up ^ Writing for the Court in Terry v. Ohio, Chief Justice Warren stated,
And in justifying the particular intrusion the police officer must be able to point to specific and articulable facts which, taken together with rational inferences from those facts, reasonably warrant that intrusion. — 392 U.S. at 21
Jump up ^ Writing for the Court in Florida v. Royer 460 U.S. 491 (1983), Justice White stated,
The person approached, however, need not answer any question put to him; indeed, he may decline to listen to the questions at all and may go on his way. — 460 U.S. at 497–498
Jump up ^ Writing for the Court in United States v. Mendenhall, 446 U.S. 544 (1980) Justice Stewart stated,
Our conclusion that no seizure occurred is not affected by the fact that the respondent was not expressly told by the agents that she was free to decline to cooperate with their inquiry, for the voluntariness of her responses does not depend upon her having been so informed. — 446 U.S. at 555
Jump up ^ The ACLU publication Know Your Rights When Encountering Law Enforcement states,
You can say, "I do not want to talk to you" and walk away calmly. Or, if you do not feel comfortable doing that, you can ask if you are free to go. If the answer is yes, you can consider just walking away. Do not run from the officer. If the officer says you are not under arrest, but you are not free to go, then you are being detained.
Jump up ^ If the encounter is consensual, a person approached need not actually leave to terminate the encounter, but may simply ignore police. In Michigan v. Chesternut, 486 U.S. 567 (1988), Justice Blackmun explained the Court’s holding that Chesternut had not been detained, stating that the police conduct "would not have communicated to a reasonable person that he was not at liberty to ignore the police presence and go about his business." — 486 U.S. at 569
Jump up ^ Writing for the Court in United States v. Mendenhall, 446 U.S. 544 (1980) Justice Stewart stated:
We conclude that a person has been "seized" within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment only if, in view of all of the circumstances surrounding the incident, a reasonable person would have believed that he was not free to leave. — 446 U.S. at 554
Jump up ^ In a concurring opinion in Terry v. Ohio, Justice White stated that a person detained can be questioned but is "not obliged to answer, answers may not be compelled, and refusal to answer furnishes no basis for an arrest." This opinion, in turn, was cited in many later cases, including Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420 (1984).
Jump up ^ In describing the split authority among the federal appellate court circuits in Hiibel v. Dist. Ct., the Nevada Supreme Court stated:
In Oliver v. Woods, [209 F.3d 1179, 1190 (10th Cir. 2000)] the Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a Utah statute that requires individuals to produce identification to an officer during an investigatory stop. However, in Carey v. Nevada Gaming Control Board [279 F.3d 873, 881 (9th Cir. 2002)], the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that NRS 171.123(3) violates the Fourth Amendment because " ‘the serious intrusion on personal security outweighs the mere possibility that identification [might] provide a link leading to arrest.’ "
Jump up ^ In Hiibel v. Dist. Ct., the Nevada Supreme Court noted that the U.S. Supreme Court declined to address the issue of identification in Brown v. Texas, 443 U.S. 47 (1979), at 53 n.3 ("We need not decide whether an individual may be punished for refusing to identify himself in the context of a lawful investigatory stop which satisfies Fourth Amendment requirements."); and Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983), 361–62 n.10 (holding that a California statute was unconstitutional on vagueness grounds, but refusing to consider whether the statute violated the Fourth Amendment).
Jump up ^ Texas does not require a detainee to identify himself unless he has been lawfully arrested, but does make it a crime to provide a false name. Texas Penal Code § 38.02 reads, in relevant part,
(b) A person commits an offense if he intentionally gives a false or fictitious name, residence address, or date of birth to a peace officer who has:
(1) lawfully arrested the person;
(2) lawfully detained the person; or
(3) requested the information from a person that the peace officer has good cause to believe is a witness to a criminal offense.
Jump up ^ California Penal Code § 841, states, in relevant part,
The person making the arrest must inform the person to be arrested of the intention to arrest him, of the cause of the arrest, and the authority to make it . . .
Jump up ^ In Pennsylvania v. Muniz, 496 U.S. 582 (1990), the Court cited the Brief for United States as Amicus Curiae 12 quoting United States v. Horton, 873 F.2d 180, 181, n. 2 [CA8 1989]),
the questions fall within a "routine booking question" exception which exempts from Miranda coverage questions to secure the "'biographical data necessary to complete booking or pretrial services.'" — 496 U.S. at 601–602
Jump up ^ The Fifth Amendment prohibits only communication that is testimonial, incriminating, and compelled; see United States v. Hubbell, 530 U.S. 27 (2000), at 34–38. Hiibel held that, in the circumstances of the case, a person’s name is not incriminating, and consequently is not protected by the Fifth-Amendment privilege against self-incrimination. — 530 U.S. at 34–38
Jump up ^ Texas Penal Code, Title 8, §38.02(a), reads
A person commits an offense if he intentionally refuses to give his name, residence address, or date of birth to a peace officer who has lawfully arrested the person and requested the information.
Giving false information is a related, and usually more serious offense (under Subsection [b], noted above), and applies to detainees as well as arrestees.
Jump up ^ In People v. Quiroga (1993) 16 Cal.App.4th 961, the Court held that refusal to disclose one’s identity following a felony arrest constituted obstructing an officer:
These statutory provisions lead to the conclusion that a refusal to disclose personal identification following arrest for a misdemeanor or infraction cannot constitute a violation of [California] Penal Code section 148. . . . Section 148 can reasonably be construed as applying to nondisclosure of identity following arrest for felonies, but not minor offenses, if this exception applies to the provisions cited above dealing with arrests for minor offenses. — 16 Cal.App.4th 961, 970
Similar refusal following arrest for a misdemeanor or infraction did not violate the statute because the Legislature had "established other ways of dealing with such nondisclosure".
Jump up ^ In Burkes v. State (Fla. 2d DCA 1998), Case No. 97-00552, the Court, in affirming the appellant’s conviction for violation of § 843.02, Florida Statutes, "Resisting officer without violence to his or her person", stated:
The most compelling argument we discern for answering this question in the affirmative is that the right to remain silent means just that and has no exceptions. We, nevertheless, conclude that after an individual has been lawfully arrested, he must provide his name or otherwise identify himself when asked by law enforcement officers.
Jump up ^ http://www.illinoiscourts.gov/opinions/AppellateCourt/2011/2ndDistrict/December/2100473.pdf
Jump up ^ The Hiibel Court held, "The principles of Terry permit a State to require a suspect to disclose his name in the course of a Terry stop." — 542 U.S. at 187
Jump up ^ The opinion in Hiibel included a list of 21 states with "stop and identify" laws. For some reason, the Indiana law was not included in the list; the Arizona and Ohio laws have been enacted since Hiibel was decided. The Texas law only applies to arrested persons.
Jump up ^ "Constitutional" means that the law requires the officer to have reasonable and articulable suspicion of criminal involvement. See Hiibel.
Jump up ^ Writing for the Court in Hiibel, Justice Kennedy stated, "the source of the legal obligation [to identify oneself] arises from Nevada state law". — 542 U.S. at 187
Jump up ^ In Hiibel, Justice Kennedy stated, "In other States, a suspect may decline to identify himself without penalty.″ — 542 U.S. at 183
Jump up ^ "Lawriter - ORC - 2921.29 Failure to disclose personal information". State of Ohio Codes.
Jump up ^ Assembly, Indiana General. "Indiana Code 2016 - Indiana General Assembly, 2016 Session".
Jump up ^ The opinion noted that Hiibel was asked to provide identification, which the Court understood as a request to produce a driver’s license or some other form of written identification, 11 different times; however, it did not indicate that Hiibel was ever asked simply to identify himself.
Jump up ^ NRS §199.280 provides a penalty for a person who "willfully resists, delays or obstructs a public officer in discharging or attempting to discharge any legal duty of his office"
Jump up ^ California stop-and-identify law in Penal Code §647(e) was repealed several years after 1983 and the sub-sections re-lettered, so the current Penal Code §647(e) is what used to be Penal Code §647(f). Also, do not confuse Penal Code §647(e) with Penal Code §647e.
Jump up ^ (voided in Kolender v. Lawson), read, in relevant part,
Every person who commits any of the following acts is guilty of disorderly conduct, a misdemeanor: . . . (e) who loiters or wanders upon the streets or from place to place without apparent reason or business and who refuses to identify himself and to account for his presence when requested by any peace officer so to do, if the surrounding circumstances are such as to indicate to a reasonable man that the public safety demands such identification.
Jump up ^ In voiding California Penal Code §647(e) in Kolender v. Lawson, Justice O’Connor, writing for the Court, noted that
Section 647(e), as presently drafted and as construed by the state courts, contains no standard for determining what a suspect has to do in order to satisfy the requirement to provide a "credible and reliable" identification. As such, the statute vests virtually complete discretion in the hands of the police to determine whether the suspect has satisfied the statute. — 461 U.S. at 358
Jump up ^ Writing for the Court in People v. Love, 318 Ill.App.3d 534 (2000), rev'd on other grounds, People v. Love, No. 90806 (2002), Justice O’Brien stated,
The State next argues that the officer’s order was a justifiable means of compelling defendant to state her name pursuant to section 107-14, which provides that an officer making a Terry stop may "demand the name and address of the person and an explanation of his actions." 725 ILCS 5/107-14 (West 1992). However, while section 107-14 states that an officer may "demand" the defendant’s name, it does not provide that the officer may compel a response. Further, the United States Supreme Court has stated in the context of a Terry stop: "[T]he officer may ask the detainee a moderate number of questions to determine his identity and to try to obtain information confirming or dispelling the officer’s suspicions. But the detainee is not obliged to respond." (Emphasis added.) Berkemer v. McCarty, 468 U.S. 420, 438, 82 L. Ed. 2d 317, 334, 104 S. Ct. 3138, 3150 (1984).
Noting Berkemer v. McCarty (and Justice White’s concurring opinion in Terry that Berkemer quoted), the Hiibel Court stated, "We do not read these statements as controlling" (542 U.S. at 187), so Love is probably weakened to the extent that it relies on Berkemer.
Jump up ^ In Cady v. Sheahan (7th Cir. 2006), the Court stated,
In Hiibel, the Supreme Court held that states are permitted to statutorily authorize the demand for identification during a Terry stop, and to require compliance with such demand. 542 U.S. at 188, 124 S.Ct. 2451. Cady’s identity was relevant to the purpose of the stop and the officers did not exceed the scope of the stop by requesting identification. [footnotes omitted]
^ Jump up to: a b Writing for the Court in Oliver v. Woods, 209 F.3d 1179 (10th Cir. 2000), Judge Brorby stated,
Section 76-8-305 does not require the use of force; mere refusal to perform any act required by a lawful order necessary to effect the detention is sufficient to constitute a violation of § 76-8-305. Moreover, an individual who merely refuses to refrain from performing any act that would impede the arrest or detention violates this section. . . . Thus, Officer Woods gave a lawful order when he told Mr. Oliver to present identification and to remain in the parking lot while he conducted the investigation. By refusing to present identification, Mr. Oliver refused to perform an act required by lawful order, necessary to effect the detention.
Jump up ^ New Yorks "obstructing" law, NY Consolidated Laws Penal (PEN) §195.05, reads, in relevant part,
A person is guilty of obstructing governmental administration when he intentionally obstructs, impairs or perverts the administration of law or other governmental function, or prevents or attempts to prevent a public servant from performing an official function, by means of intimidation, physical force or interference, or by means of any independently unlawful act
Jump up ^ In People v. Offen, 408 N.Y.S.2d 914, 96 Misc.2d 147 (1978), Judge Hertz stated,
An essential element of the crime of obstructing governmental administration, to be charged in an information, must be an act of either (1) intimidation or (2) physical force or interference or (3) an independently unlawful act.
Plainly, ignoring an officer’s request for identification is not a crime, nor does that act supply any such element. Though it is clear that such conduct risks pursuit and arrest, no crime has been charged here. — 96 Misc.2d at 150
Jump up ^ See When Do You Have to Give Your Name at the RNC Protests? under External links for an analysis of New York "stop and identify" and "obstructing" laws by Just Cause Law Collective lawyer Katya Komisaruk.
Jump up ^ Colorado "obstructing" law, Colorado Revised Statutes §18-8-104(1), reads, in relevant part,
A person commits obstructing a peace officer . . . when by using or threatening to use violence, force, physical interference, or an obstacle, such person knowingly obstructs, impairs, or hinders the enforcement of the penal law or the preservation of the peace by a peace officer, acting under color of his or her official authority.
Jump up ^ Utah "obstructing" law, Utah Code §76-8-305, reads as follows:
Interference with arresting officer.
A person is guilty of a class B misdemeanor if he has knowledge, or by the exercise of reasonable care should have knowledge, that a peace officer is seeking to effect a lawful arrest or detention of that person or another and interferes with the arrest or detention by:
(1) use of force or any weapon;
(2) the arrested person’s refusal to perform any act required by lawful order:
(a) necessary to effect the arrest or detention; and
(b) made by a peace officer involved in the arrest or detention; or
(3) the arrested person’s or another person’s refusal to refrain from performing any act that would impede the arrest or detention.
Jump up ^ In People v. Long (1987) 189 Cal.App.3d 77, Justice Agliano wrote,
The voluntary display of identification is a routine experience for most of us. Measured against the obvious and substantial need for police recording the identity of a person suspected of having committed a crime, we find reasonable the minimal intrusion involved here in requiring the production of identification. In addition, defendant’s oral statement of his name was suspect when he insisted he had no identification while appearing to carry a wallet and, in addition, he seemed intoxicated. — 189 Cal.App.3d at 88
Jump up ^ In In re Gregory S. (1980), 112 Cal.App.3d 764, Justice Agliano wrote
We find no authority to support the court’s legal conclusion that a person who merely refuses to identify himself or to answer questions in a context similar to that before us thereby violates Penal Code section 148 or otherwise furnishes ground for arrest.
The Legislature has required citizen self-identification in prescribed situations. Vehicle Code section 40302 calls for the production of a driver’s license or identification upon arrest for a violation of that code; Vehicle Code section 12951 requires production of a driver’s license by the driver of a motor vehicle upon the request of an officer. Penal Code section 647, subdivision (e) imposes a duty to identify oneself when such person loiters or wanders upon the streets or from place to place without apparent reason or business, and the surrounding circumstances reasonably indicate that the public safety demands identification. Section 647, subdivision (e) was held valid in People v. Solomon (1973) 33 Cal.App.3d 429 [108 Cal.Rptr. 867], in which strong consideration was given to the legislatively declared governmental purpose to be served by identification when the conditions described in the statute exist. (Id, at p. 436; see also California v. Byers (1971) 402 U.S. 424 [29 L.Ed.2d 9, 91 S.Ct. 1535].) None of the statutory conditions requiring identification existed in this case. — 112 Cal.App.3d at 779
Note: Penal Code 647, subdivision (e) was voided by the U.S. Supreme Court in Kolender v. Lawson (1983).
Jump up ^ Shortly after Hiibel was decided, the Alameda County (California) District Attorney's Office provided a case analysis (PDF) maintaining that refusal to identify oneself and provide written identification (if available) constitutes a violation of Penal Code §148(a)(1), resisting, delaying, or obstructing an officer. The topic is further discussed in the 2010 edition of Point of View.
Jump up ^ The California Peace Officers Legal Sourcebook ("CPOLS"; written by the office of the California Attorney General) maintains that failure to identify oneself does not constitute a violation of California Penal Code §148(a)(1), resisting, delaying, or obstructing a peace officer:
Unlike Nevada and other states, California does not have a statute mandating that a detainee identify himself, and that obligation cannot be read into Penal Code section 148. . . . Hiibel does not provide a means of arresting someone for failing or refusing to identify himself. (Revision 176, 9/15/2014, p. 2.14a; page last revised 1/10)
Jump up ^ In State v. Flynn (1979) 92 Wis.2d 427 [285 N.W.2d 710, 718], cert. den. 449 U.S. 846, the Wisconsin Supreme Court held that the Terry limitation of a search "to an intrusion reasonably designed to discover guns, knives, clubs, or other hidden instruments for the assault of the police officer." (392 U.S. at 29) was limited to the specific circumstances of Terry. Chief Justice Beilfuss wrote,
It is clear from the language itself that the court’s holding in Terry was limited to the precise situation before it. The court did not say that the sole justification for any search on less than probable cause is the protection of the police officer and others, but that that was the sole justification of the search in the situation then before it. The situation before us is significantly different.
Jump up ^ In People v. Loudermilk (1987) 195 Cal.App.3d 996, Justice Low stated,
Neither case [Kolender v. Lawson or Brown v. Texas] could be interpreted to prevent a police officer from demanding that a Terry suspect produce proof of identification. Further, nothing in those or other cases cited by defendant prevents an officer from seizing a wallet found during a lawful patdown search after that suspect has lied to the officer that he had no identification. — 195 Cal.App.3d at 1003
Justice Low noted the similarity to Flynn, and continued,
We must emphasize that we do not hold that a suspect may be detained and searched merely because he either refused to identify himself or refused to produce proof of identification. Nor do we hold that each time an officer conducts a Terry stop he may immediately conduct a search for identification. The rule we announce does not provide officers with unfettered discretion and does not open citizens to harassment. — 195 Cal.App.3d at 1004
Jump up ^ In People v. Garcia (2006) 145 Cal.App.4th 782, Justice Yegan, noting State v. Flynn (Wis. 1979) and State v. Wilcox (N.J. 1981), stated,
We need not look to other jurisdictions to decide this case. We would have to indulge in legal legerdemain to justify a patdown search for identification. In fact, it would require a rewriting of Terry v. Ohio, supra, which we could not and would not undertake even if we were so inclined. Here, the record is devoid of any concern that appellant was armed and dangerous. The sole reason for the patdown was to gather evidence of identification.
A fair reading of Terry v. Ohio, and its reference to the lower court opinion in State v. Terry show that the "frisk" allowable upon a proper showing was " ‘. . . only a "frisk" for a dangerous weapon. It by no means authorizes a search for contraband, evidentiary material, or anything else in the absence of reasonable grounds to arrest. Such a search is controlled by requirements of the Fourth Amendment, and probable cause is essential.’ " (Terry v. Ohio, supra, 392 U.S. at p. 16, fn. 12 [20 L. Ed. 2d at p. 903, fn. 12.) Our own Supreme Court has unanimously so held. (People v. Lawler (1973) 9 Cal.3d 156, 161 [pat-down search "only" for weapons].) If stare decisis means anything (and it does) and if the word only means only (and it does), the trial court was required to grant this suppression motion as a matter of law. (Auto Equity Sales, Inc. v. Superior Court (1962) 57 Cal.2d 450.) — 145 Cal.App.4th at 788
Jump up ^ "Know Your Rights! What to Do if Questioned by Police, FBI, Customs Agents or Immigration Officers" (pdf). National Lawyers Guild, S.F. Bay Area Chapter; ACLU of Northern California; American Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. August 2004. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
Jump up ^ "Your Rights and the Police". ACLU of Northern California. Retrieved 2014-07-10.
Jump up ^ www.view.pt), VIEW. (info@view.pt -. "Um cidadão traz habitualmente consigo apenas uma fotocópia do cartão de cidadão ou do bilhete de identidade. Se a autoridade lhe exigir a identificação, pode estar descansado? - Direitos e Deveres dos Cidadãos".
External links[edit]
ACLU "Bust Card" What To Do If You’re Stopped By The Police
ACLU Know Your Rights When Encountering Law Enforcement
10 Rules for Dealing with Police from FlexYourRights.org, a 501(c)(3) educational nonprofit organization.
California Codes
Colorado Revised Statutes
Nevada Revised Statutes
New York Legislature Source for New York State Laws
Stop-and-Identify Laws from Police Chief magazine
Suspects Who Refuse to Identify Themselves from Police Chief magazine
The Identity Project: Hiibel
When Do You Have to Give Your Name at the RNC Protests? An analysis of New York's "stop and identify" law.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stop_and_identify_statutes&oldid=825175566"
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Children of the 20th Century
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Children of the 20th Century
Promotional poster
Hangul
20세기 소년소녀
Revised Romanization
20segi Sonyeonsonyeo
Literally
20th Century Boy and Girl[1]
Genre
Romance
Comedy
Created by
Lim Hwa-min
Written by
Lee Sun-hye[1]
Directed by
Lee Dong-yoon[1]
Starring
Han Ye-seul
Kim Ji-suk
Lee Sang-woo
Ryu Hyun-kyung
Lee Sang-hee
Ahn Se-ha
Oh Sang-jin
Country of origin
South Korean
Original language(s)
Korean
No. of episodes
32[a]
Production
Executive producer(s)
Ji Sung-bum
Producer(s)
Jang Jae-hoon
Camera setup
Single camera
Running time
35 min[a]
Production company(s)
Huayi Brothers
Distributor
MBC
Release
Original network
MBC TV
Picture format
1080i (HDTV)
Audio format
Dolby Digital
Original release
October 9 (2017-10-09) – November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
External links
Website
Children of the 20th Century[3] (Hangul: 20세기 소년소녀; RR: 20segi Sonyeonsonyeo; lit. 20th Century Boy and Girl) is a 2017 South Korean television series starring Han Ye-seul and Kim Ji-suk with Lee Sang-woo, Ryu Hyun-kyung and Lee Sang-hee. The series aired on Mondays and Tuesdays at 22:00 (KST), from October 9 to November 28, 2017.
Contents
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Supporting
2.2.1 People around Jin-jin
2.2.2 Chamjin Entertainment
2.2.3 People around Ji-won
2.2.4 People around A-reum
2.2.5 People around Young-shim
2.2.6 Others
2.3 Special appearance
3 Production
4 Original soundtrack
4.1 OST Part 1
4.2 OST Part 2
4.3 OST Part 3
4.4 OST Part 4
4.5 OST Part 5
4.6 OST Part 6
5 Ratings
6 Awards and nominations
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Synopsis[edit]
The story follows three women in their mid-thirties as they navigate their love lives, friendships, and their familial ties.
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Han Ye-seul as Sa Jin-jin[4][5]
Kang Mi-na as young Sa Jin-jin[6]
An idol turned actress adored by many. Despite her good looks and fame, she has not dated before.
Kim Ji-suk as Gong Ji-won[5]
Kim In-seong as young Gong Ji-won[7]
An investment banker with a Harvard MBA, and a background in Wall Street. He is innocent in love and remains loyal to his first love.
Lee Sang-woo as Anthony / Lee Chul-min[8]
Park Seung-jun as young Anthony
A former boy band member of Boys Be Ambitious. Sa Jin-jin's crush since young. He is also Ji-won's step brother.
Ryu Hyun-kyung as Han A-reum[9]
Song Soo-hyun as young Han A-reum
A flight attendant who is constantly on a diet and takes the initiative to ask guys out.
Lee Sang-hee as Jang Young-shim[8]
Han Ji-won as young Jang Young-shim
A lawyer who has had perfect grades since young.
Ahn Se-ha as Jung Woo-sung[8]
Kwon Do-kyun as young Jung Woo-sung
A gynecologist. He was handsome when he was young, but his looks drastically changed after he grew older. He attended the same school as the Four Bongos.
Oh Sang-jin as Kang Kyung-suk[8]
A highly principled lawyer who doesn’t care for money or glory. Young-shim's boss.
Supporting[edit]
People around Jin-jin[edit]
Kim Chang-wan as Sa Chang-wan, Jin-jin's father
Kim Mi-kyung as Kim Mi-kyung, Jin-jin's mother
Shin Won-ho as Sa Min-ho, Jin-jin's younger brother[10]
Kim Jung-hwa as Sa Ho-sung / Lee Su-hyun, Jin-jin's older sister
Chamjin Entertainment[edit]
Kim Kwang-shik as Jang Gi-bong, Jin-jin's manager
Lee Jae-kyoon as Lee Hong-hee, Jin-jin's road manager
Lee Yoo-mi as Mi-dal (Cho Mi-hyun), Jin-jin's stylist
People around Ji-won[edit]
Kim Tae-hoon as Lee Seung-goo, Ji-won's step father
Kim Young-soon as Lee Gwang-hee, Ji-won's mother
Shin Se-hwi as Lee Ha-ram, Ji-won's half-sister
Jung Jae-ho as Kim Tae-hyun, Ji-won's assistant
People around A-reum[edit]
Choi Beom-ho as Han Hak-gyu, A-reum's father
Yoon Bok-in as Yoon Bok-in, A-reum's mother
Jang Hee-ryung as Jang Ji-hye, A-reum's colleague
Lee Chang-yeob as Lee Dong-hoon, a co-pilot that A-reum had a crush on
People around Young-shim[edit]
Kim Yik-tae as Jang Jang-soo, Young-shim's father
Park Myung-shin as Kim Young-ja, Young-shim's mother
Others[edit]
Shin Dong-mi as Choi Jung-eun, Anthony's manager
Shin Dong-hoon as Reporter Jung
Jo Hyun-sik as Driver
Special appearance[edit]
Han Sun-hwa as Jung Da-young[11]
Golden Child as idol group 'Master'[12]
Heo Ji-woong as Variety Show Host
Shim Hyung-tak as Terius / Jung Chang-hoon
KNK as idol group 'Boys Be Ambitious' (young age)
Kim So-yeon as Director
Production[edit]
The drama's working title was No Sex and the City.[13]
Due to a strike at MBC, the series did not air on September 25, 2017 as originally planned.[14]
Original soundtrack[edit]
OST Part 1[edit]
(Released on September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26))
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Ordinary Day" (보통의 날) Banana, 17Holic, Shoulder Gangster Shoulder Gangster Standing Egg 03:43
2. "Ordinary Day" (Inst.) Shoulder Gangster 03:43
Total length: 07:26
OST Part 2[edit]
(Released on October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10))
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Diary" (일기) Jinli, Glory Faces Glory Faces, Jinli, Mingki Gugudan 03:37
2. "Diary" (Inst.) Glory Faces, Jinli, Mingki 03:37
Total length: 07:14
OST Part 3[edit]
(Released on October 16, 2017 (2017-10-16))
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Love Letter" March, Banana Dino Seo Golden Child 03:28
2. "Love Letter" (Inst.) Dino Seo 03:28
Total length: 06:56
OST Part 4[edit]
(Released on October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24))
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "The Days" (그날들) Kim Chang-gi Kim Chang-gi Jeon Sang-geun 04:22
2. "The Days" (Inst.) Kim Chang-gi 04:22
Total length: 08:44
OST Part 5[edit]
(Released on October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31))
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "Boy And Girl" (소년, 소녀) 17HOLIC, Yoonghee, Banana Dino Seo Nam Tae-hyun 04:07
2. "Boy And Girl" (Inst.) Dino Seo 04:07
Total length: 08:14
OST Part 6[edit]
(Released on November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07))
No.
Title
Lyrics
Music
Artist
Length
1. "The Day Not Very Far Away" (아주 멀지 않은 날에) Flight Ticket Flight Ticket MeloMance 03:45
2. "The Day Not Very Far Away" (Inst.) Flight Ticket 03:45
Total length: 07:30
Ratings[edit]
In the table below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.
NR denotes that the drama did not rank in the top 20 daily programs on that date.
Episode #
Original Broadcast Date
Title
Average Audience Share
TNmS Ratings
AGB Nielsen[15]
Nationwide
Seoul
Nationwide
Seoul
1
October 9, 2017 The Girl We Used to Love 4.9% (NR) 5.5% (NR) 4.2% (NR) 4.8% (NR)
2
4.6% (NR) 5.3% (NR) 3.9% (NR) 4.7% (NR)
3
Love Story 4.7% (NR) 5.4% (NR) 3.5% (NR) 4.2% (NR)
4
3.8% (NR) 4.7% (NR) 3.1% (NR) 3.9% (NR)
5
October 16, 2017 Love Letter 3.6% (NR) 4.0% (NR) 3.2% (NR) 3.6% (NR)
6
3.9% (NR) 4.4% (NR) 3.5% (NR) 4.0% (NR)
7
October 17, 2017 August's Christmas 4.5% (NR) 4.8% (NR) 3.7% (NR) 4.1% (NR)
8
4.7% (NR) 5.2% (NR) 4.3% (NR) 4.8% (NR)
9
October 23, 2017 Everyone Has A Secret 3.7% (NR) 4.3% (NR) 3.2% (NR) 3.9% (NR)
10
4.1% (NR) 4.4% (NR) 3.7% (NR) 4.0% (NR)
11
October 24, 2017 Happy Together 4.3% (NR) 5.1% (NR) 3.0% (NR) 3.8% (NR)
12
4.7% (NR) 5.6% (NR) 3.0% (NR) 3.9% (NR)
13
October 30, 2017 P.S. I LOVE YOU 3.8% (NR) 3.9% (NR) 2.8% (NR) 3.1% (NR)
14
3.8% (NR) 4.0% (NR) 3.1% (NR) 3.2% (NR)
15
October 31, 2017 Stand By Me 4.1% (NR) 4.2% (NR) 3.3% (NR) 3.4% (NR)
16
4.0% (NR) 4.4% (NR) 3.5% (NR) 3.9% (NR)
17
November 6, 2017 Ten Reasons Why I Can't Love You 3.3% (NR) 3.4% (NR) 2.5% (NR) 2.6% (NR)
18
3.4% (NR) 3.5% (NR) 2.7% (NR) 2.8% (NR)
19
November 7, 2017 We Got Married 4.3% (NR) 4.9% (NR) 2.9% (NR) 3.5% (NR)
20
3.9% (NR) 4.1% (NR) 2.8% (NR) 3.0% (NR)
21
November 13, 2017 Sweet as Honey - As sweet as a dream 4.2% (NR) 4.4% (NR) 2.8% (NR) 3.0% (NR)
22
3.8% (NR) 4.1% (NR) 2.7% (NR) 2.9% (NR)
23
November 14, 2017 I Love You, I'm Sorry, Thanks 3.8% (NR) 4.2% (NR) 3.4% (NR) 3.8% (NR)
24
3.8% (NR) 4.1% (NR) 3.0% (NR) 3.3% (NR)
25
November 20, 2017 While You are in Love 2.2% (NR) 2.4% (NR) 1.8% (NR) 2.0% (NR)
26
2.7% (NR) 3.0% (NR) 2.1% (NR) 2.4% (NR)
27
November 21, 2017 Before Sunrise 2.7% (NR) 2.8% (NR) 2.1% (NR) 2.2% (NR)
28
3.2% (NR) 3.3% (NR) 2.3% (NR) 2.4% (NR)
29
November 27, 2017 Begin Again 4.1% (NR) 4.3% (NR) 3.2% (NR) 3.4% (NR)
30
4.5% (NR) 5.0% (NR) 3.5% (NR) 3.9% (NR)
31
November 28, 2017 Happy Ending 3.7% (NR) 4.5% (NR) 2.8% (NR) 3.6% (NR)
32
5.0% (NR) 5.8% (NR) 4.0% (NR) 4.7% (NR)
Average
3.9%
4.3%
3.1%
3.5%
Because of a friendly match between South Korean and Morocco, the 2 episode that was set to air on October 10, 2017, were instead aired the day before (October 9, 2017) as 4 consecutive episodes.
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
2017 36th MBC Drama Awards Top Excellence Award, Actor in a Monday-Tuesday Drama Kim Ji-seok Won
Top Excellence Award, Actress in a Monday-Tuesday Drama Han Ye-seul Nominated
Excellence Award, Actor in a Monday-Tuesday Drama Lee Sang-woo Nominated
Golden Acting Award, Actor in a Monday-Tuesday Drama Ahn Se-ha Nominated
Golden Acting Award, Actress in a Monday-Tuesday Drama Ryu Hyun-kyung Nominated
Popularity Award, Actor Kim Ji-seok Nominated
Popularity Award, Actress Han Ye-seul Nominated
Best New Actress Lee Sang-hee Nominated
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b In order to circumvent Korean laws that prevent commercial breaks in the middle of an episode, what would previously have been aired as single 70 minute episodes are now being repackaged as two 35 minute episodes, with two episodes being shown each night with a commercial break between the two.[2]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Kim, D. (28 June 2017). "Han Ye Seul And Kim Ji Suk's Upcoming Drama "No Sex And The City" Gets New Title". Soompi. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Park, Jin-hai (16 May 2017). "Drama viewers angry over commercial breaks". The Korea Times. PressReader. Retrieved 2017-05-27.
Jump up ^ "Children of the 20th Century". MBC. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Han Ye Seul confirms her small-screen return with new drama 'No Sex and the City'". allkpop. 21 June 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kim Ji-suk, Han Ye-sul confirm lead roles in 20th Century Boy and Girl". DramaBeans. 29 June 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "gugudan's Mina To Make Acting Debut Through New MBC Drama With Han Ye Seul". Soompi. 11 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "[단독] SF9 인성, '20세기 소년소녀'로 첫 연기 도전..김지석 아역". Chosun (in Korean). 16 July 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "20th Century Boy and Girl adds Lee Sang-woo as second lead". DramaBeans. 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Actress Ryu Hyun Kyung joins cast of '20th Century Boy and Girl'". Allkpop. 13 July 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lee Sang Woo & Cross Gene's Shin cast in '20th Century Boy and Girl'!". Allkpop. 21 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Han Sun Hwa To Make Special Appearance In "20th Century Boy And Girl"". Soompi. 31 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "'루키' 골든차일드, '20세기 소년소녀' 카메오 출연 ("Rookies" Golden Child to cameo on "20th Century Boy and Girl")". TV Report (in Korean). September 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "MBC lines up fall rom-com No Sex and the City". DramaBeans. 22 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "MBC strike pushes back premiere of new drama '20th Century Boy and Girl' by two weeks". Allkpop. 1 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "AGB Daily Ratings: this links to current day-select the date from drop down menu". AGB Nielsen Media Research (in Korean). Retrieved 2017-08-13.
External links[edit]
Official website (in Korean)
Children of the 20th Century at HanCinema
Children of the 20th Century on IMDb
Children of the 20th Century at Daum (in Korean)
MBC Monday-Tuesday dramas
Previous program
Children of the 20th Century
(October 9 – November 28, 2017)
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(November 27, 2017 – January 16, 2018)
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Israel at the 2018 Winter Olympics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Israel at the
2018 Winter Olympics
Flag of Israel
IOC code
ISR
NOC
Olympic Committee of Israel
Website
www.olympicsil.co.il
in Pyeongchang, South Korea
9–25 February 2018
Competitors
10 (7 men and 3 women) in 4 sports and 10 events
Flag bearer (opening)
Oleksii Bychenko[1]
Flag bearer (closing)
Itamar Biran
Medals
Gold
0
Silver
0
Bronze
0
Total
0
Winter Olympics appearances (overview)
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Israel competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea, from 9 to 25 February 2018, with ten competitors in four sports.
Contents
[hide]
1 Competitors
2 Alpine skiing
3 Figure skating
4 Short track speed skating
5 Skeleton
6 References
Competitors[edit]
The following is a list of the number of Israeli competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.[2]
Sport
Men
Women
Total
Alpine skiing 1 0 1
Figure skating 4 3 7
Short track speed skating 1 0 1
Skeleton 1 0 1
Total
7
3
10
Alpine skiing[edit]
Main articles: Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics and Alpine skiing at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification
Israel qualified one male alpine skier.[3]
Athlete
Event
Run 1
Run 2
Total
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Itamar Biran Men's giant slalom 1:17.52 58 1:16.19 45 2:33.71 49
Men's slalom DNF
Figure skating[edit]
Main articles: Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics and Figure skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification
Daniel Samohin
In the 2017 World Figure Skating Championships in Helsinki, Finland, Oleksii Bychenko finished in 10th place with 245.96 points, and earned two quota places for the Israeli delegation in the men’s event. Isabella Tobias and Ilia Tkachenko finished in 12th place with 162.67 points, and earned one quota place in the ice dancing event.[4][5][6]
In the 2017 CS Nebelhorn Trophy in Oberstdorf, Germany, Evgeni Krasnopolski and Paige Conners finished in 8th place with 171.61 points and earned one quota place in the Pairs event.[7][8]
Bychenko and Daniel Samohin competed in the Men's singles event. Krasnopolski and Conners competed in the Pairs event. In Ice Dancing, Ronald Zilberberg and Adel Tankova represented Israel after Tkachenko’s requests for Israeli citizenship was denied.[9] Aimee Buchanan participated in the Team event in the Ladies contest, after Israel ranked among the top ten countries.[10][11]
Singles
Athlete
Event
SP/SD
FS/FD
Total
Points
Rank
Points
Rank
Points
Rank
Oleksii Bychenko Men's singles 84.13 13 Q 172.88 9 257.01 11
Daniel Samohin 80.69 18 Q 170.75 11 251.44 13
Paige Conners / Evgeni Krasnopolski Pairs 60.35 19 Did not advance
Adel Tankova / Ronald Zilberberg Ice dancing 46.66 24 Did not advance
Team event
Athlete
Event
Short program/Short dance
Free skate/Free dance
Men's
Ladies'
Pairs
Ice dance
Total
Rank
Men's
Ladies'
Pairs
Ice dance
Total
Rank
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Points
Team points
Oleksii Bychenko (M)
Aimee Buchanan (L)
Paige Conners / Evgeni Krasnopolski (P)
Adel Tankova / Ronald Zilberberg (ID) Team event 88.49
9 46.30
1 54.47
2 44.61
1 13 8 Did not advance
Short track speed skating[edit]
Main articles: Short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics and Short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification
Israel won a quota after Vladislav Bykanov participated at 2017–18 ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup Competitions.[12]
Athlete
Event
Heat
Quarterfinal
Semifinal
Final
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Vladislav Bykanov Men's 500 m 47.177 4 Did not advance
Men's 1000 m PEN Did not advance
Men's 1500 m PEN N/A Did not advance
Qualification legend: ADV – Advanced due to being impeded by another skater; FA – Qualify to medal round; FB – Qualify to consolation round; AA – Advance to medal round due to being impeded by another skater
Skeleton[edit]
Main articles: Skeleton at the 2018 Winter Olympics and Skeleton at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Qualification
Adam Edelman earned a spot for Israel through reallocation.[13][14][15]
Athlete
Event
Run 1
Run 2
Run 3
Run 4
Total
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Time
Rank
Adam Edelman Men's 52.48 28 52.43 28 52.35 28 Eliminated 2:37.26 28
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Opening Ceremony Flagbearers - Olympic Winter Games, PyeongChang 2018" (PDF). olympic.org. International Olympic Committee (IOC). 9 February 2018. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
Jump up ^ Sinai, Allon (19 January 2018). "BLUE-AND-WHITE delegation Pyeongchang reaches 10 athletes". The Jerusalem Post.
Jump up ^ "Alpine Skiing Quota List for Olympic Games 2018". www.data.fis-ski.com/. International Ski Federation (FIS). 12 December 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Sinai, Allon (2 April 2017). "Israeli figure skater Bychenko notches 10th place at Worlds". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Reuters (1 April 2017). "Figure Skating-World championships ice dance results". The Economic Times. Retrieved 5 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Figure Skating Quota places for the XXIII Olympic Winter Games 2018". International Skating Union. 4 April 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "ISU CS Nebelhorn Trophy 2017 - Pairs - Final Results". International Skating Union. 29 September 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "N. Korean figure skating pair qualifies for PyeongChang 2018". Yonhap News Agency. 29 September 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Sinai, Allon (22 November 2017). "Israeli athletes set to don gloves for Winter Olympics". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pyeongchang 2018 qualified Teams for the Team Event". www.isu.org/. International Skating Union (ISU). 14 December 2017. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Young Shin, Kim (12 January 2018). "10 countries qualify for PyeongChang figure skating team event". Korea.net. Government of South Korea. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "XXI II Olympic Winter Games 2018 PyeongChang: Qualified quota places Short Track Speed Skating". International Skating Union (ISU). 23 November 2017. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Press. "IBSF athletes from 30 nations compete at PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games". www.ibsf.org. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
Jump up ^ International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (14 January 2018). "Quota Allocation PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games 2018 - Men´s Skeleton - IBSF 14 January 2018" (PDF). Retrieved 18 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Blue-and-white delegation Pyeongchang reaches 10 athletes". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 2018-01-21.
[show]
v
t
e
Nations at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea
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Eritrea
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Other
Korea
Olympic Athletes from Russia
[show]
v
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Israel at the Olympics
Summer Olympic Games
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
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2004
2008
2012
2016
Winter Olympic Games
1994
1998
2002
2006
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2014
2018
Israel did not participate in 1980 due to a boycott.
[show]
v
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e
Israel at international sports competitions
Multi-sport events
Olympics
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1956s
1960s
1964s
1968s
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1996s
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World Championships in Athletics
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World Aquatics Championships
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Israel_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics&oldid=829967372"
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values: Template:Israel at international sports competitions

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values: Israel at the World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 1987 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 1991 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 1993 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 1995 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 1999 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 2013 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics

values: Israel at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships

values: Israel at the 2013 World Aquatics Championships

values: Israel at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships

values: Israel at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships

values: Category:Nations at the 2018 Winter Olympics

values: Category:Israel at the Winter Olympics by year

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values: İsrail 2018 Qış Olimpiya Oyunlarında – Azerbaijani

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values: Olympische Winterspiele 2018/Teilnehmer (Israel) – German

values: Iisrael 2018. aasta taliolümpiamängudel – Estonian

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values: Israel en los Juegos Olímpicos de Pyeongchang 2018 – Spanish

values: Israël aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 2018 – French

values: 2018년 동계 올림픽 이스라엘 선수단 – Korean

values: Israele ai XXIII Giochi olimpici invernali – Italian

values: ישראל באולימפיאדת פיונגצ'אנג (2018) – Hebrew

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values: Israël op de Olympische Winterspelen 2018 – Dutch

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values: 2018年平昌オリンピックのイスラエル選手団 – Japanese

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values: Izrael na Zimowych Igrzyskach Olimpijskich 2018 – Polish

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values: Israel nos Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno de 2018 – Portuguese

values: Израиль на зимних Олимпийских играх 2018 – Russian

values: Israel i olympiska vinterspelen 2018 – Swedish

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values: Ізраїль на зимових Олімпійських іграх 2018 – Ukrainian

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values: 2018年冬季奥林匹克运动会以色列代表团 – Chinese

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