text:
Time of the Season
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Time of the Season"
Single by The Zombies
from the album Odessey and Oracle
B-side
"I'll Call You Mine" (UK)
Friends of Mine (US)[1][2]
Released
March 1968 (1968-03)
Format
7-inch single
Recorded
August 1967,
Abbey Road Studios, London
Genre
Psychedelic pop
Length
3:34
Label
CBS
Songwriter(s)
Rod Argent
Producer(s)
The Zombies
The Zombies singles chronology
"Butcher's Tale (Western Front 1914)"
(1968) "Time of the Season"
(1968) "Imagine the Swan"
(1969)
"Butcher's Tale (Western Front 1914)"
(1968) "Time of the Season"
(1968) "Imagine the Swan"
(1969)
"Time of the Season" is a song by the British rock band The Zombies, featured on their 1968 album Odessey and Oracle. It was written by keyboard player Rod Argent and recorded at Abbey Road Studios in August 1967.
Contents
[hide]
1 Song information
2 Usage in pop culture
3 Chart history
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Cover versions and samples
5 References
6 External links
Song information[edit]
Several other songs from Odessey and Oracle were released as singles prior to "Time of the Season". Columbia Records supported the album and its singles at the urging of new A&R representative Al Kooper. One of the singles issued on Columbia's Date label was the non-commercial-sounding "Butcher's Tale", which Columbia thought might catch on as an anti-war statement, at the time a popular trend. "Time of the Season" was only released at Kooper's urging, initially coupled with its original UK B-side, "I'll Call You Mine", without success. After previous singles flopped, Date re-released "Time of the Season" backed with another UK flop single, "Friends of Mine", and it made its breakthrough in early 1969, over a year after the band split up. It reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in March,[3] topped the Cashbox chart,[4] and reached number 1 in Canada. It did not chart in the band's native Britain, despite being rereleased twice, but it later found fame there with Rod Argent saying that it became "a classic in the UK, but it's never been a hit."[5] In mid-1969, it peaked at number 2 on the South African hit parade.
The song's characteristics include the voice of lead singer Colin Blunstone, the bass riff, and Rod Argent's fast-paced psychedelic improvisation. It is known for such call-and-response verses as "What's your name? (What's your name?) / Who's your daddy? (Who's your daddy?) / He rich? (Is he rich like me?)" approximately 50 seconds into the track.
In 1998, Big Beat Records released a CD reissue of Odessey and Oracle containing both the original stereo and mono versions of "Time of the Season". It also featured a newly remixed alternate version containing instrumental backing underneath the vocals during the entire chorus. These instrumental backings had been mixed out on the original 1968 stereo and mono versions to create a cappella vocal sections.
Music critic Antonio Mendez called it one of the sublime songs on Odessey and Oracle.[6]
Milwaukee's Third Coast Daily.com called the song "something of a counterculture anthem".[7]
In 2012, NME named the track the 35th-best song of the 1960s.[8]
Usage in pop culture[edit]
"Time of the Season" is frequently used in pop culture to represent the era of its release. In that sense, it is featured in the films 1969, Awakenings, A Walk on the Moon and Riding the Bullet, all of which depict 1969, The Conjuring, which depicts 1971 and in All the Money in the World, which depicts in 1973. The Zombies and "Time of the Season", as well as "She's Not There", are intensively used in Thomas Vinterberg's Dear Wendy (2006).
It has been used as incidental or scene-setting music during many episodes of many television programs and has been featured in several TV commercials, such as a 1999 Tampax ad set at the Woodstock Festival, a 2005 Fidelity Investments commercial, and a 2006 ad for Sprite. It was also used in the advertising campaigns of Nissan Tiida in Japan (2004), Greece (2007), Russia (2008) and Toyota RAV4 (2013) in Russia.
During the 2006 playoffs, the song was played in Shea Stadium as the home team New York Mets took the field.
Chart history[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1969)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report) 43
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[9] 1
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[10] 14
US Billboard Hot 100[11] 3
US Cash Box Top 100[12] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1969)
Rank
Canada [13] 19
US Billboard Hot 100[14] 39
US Cash Box [15] 15
Cover versions and samples[edit]
The song has been covered many times by other bands in recordings, including:
In 1969, Thyme covered "Time of the Season" for A-Square records.[16]
Argent released a live version from a 1974 concert on their 1976 compilation album The Argent Anthology - A Collection of Greatest Hits.
Brent Bourgeois covered "Time of the Season" on his eponymous self-titled album in 1990.
In 1997, Kurt Elling and Cassandra Wilson for Elling's second album The Messenger. In the following year, The Scofflaws released an instrumental cover of the song on their fourth album Record of Conviction.
In 1999, Big Blue Missile and Scott Weiland recorded the song for the soundtrack of Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me.
In 2001, it was recorded by Larry Goldings for Goldings' ninth album As One.
In 2003, Ben Taylor recorded the song for his album Famous Among the Barns, later featured in the horror film Prom Night (2008).
In 2005, The Guess Who released a cover of the song in the compilation album Let's Go.
Dave Matthews Band had the song on the CD-DVD Weekend on the Rocks (2005) and Live Trax Vol. 9 (2007).
In 2006, Sage Francis covered the song for his live album Dead Poet Live Album.
In March 20, 2007, it was performed by Blake Lewis, the runner-up on the sixth season of American Idol, and included on later recordings.
Also in 2007, it was recorded by Tommy Shaw (of Styx) and Jack Blades (of Night Ranger) for their album Influence.
America remade "Time of the Season" for their 2012 release Back Pages a cover album.
In 2017, it was recorded by Haley Reinhart for Reinharts' third album What's That Sound?.
It has been sampled many times, including in 2005 on the Necro album The Sexorcist in the opening track "Who's Ya Daddy?"; in 2009 by Melanie Fiona in her single "Give It To Me Right"; in 2011 on the ScHoolboy Q album Setbacks in the bonus track "Rolling Stone"; and on Eminem's 2013 album The Marshall Mathers LP 2, in "Rhyme or Reason".
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Zombies - Time Of The Season". Discogs. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Zombies - Time Of The Season". Discogs. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2011). Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles. Menomonee Falls, WI: Record Research Inc. p. 1,002. ISBN 0898201888.
Jump up ^ Hoffmann, Frank (1983). The Cash Box Singles Charts, 1950-1981. Metuchen, NJ & London: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 661.
Jump up ^ "Rod Argent of The Zombies : Songwriter Interviews". www.songfacts.com. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
Jump up ^ Mendez, A. (2007). Guía del pop y el rock 80 y 90: Aloha poprock (2nd ed.). Editorial Visión Libros. p. 413. ISBN 9788498215694.
Jump up ^ "The Zombies return to Milwaukee, this time at the Pabst". Urban Milwaukee Dial. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "100 Best Songs of the 1960s - #35 The Zombies - Time Of The Season - NME.COM". NME.COM. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 5923." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – The Zombies – Time of the Season" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "The Zombies Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Cash Box Top 100 Singles, March 29, 1969
Jump up ^ http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/rpm/028020-119.01-e.php?brws_s=1&file_num=nlc008388.6104&type=1&interval=24&PHPSESSID=mhe12pta2k83e08udtq66ot062
Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ Cash Box Year-End Charts: Top 100 Pop Singles, December 27, 1969
Jump up ^ "45 Discography for A-Square Records". Globaldogproductions.info. Retrieved 2 October 2016.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
"Dizzy" by Tommy Roe RPM Canadian Singles Chart number-one single
March 31, 1969 Succeeded by
"Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" by The 5th Dimension
[hide]
v
t
e
The Zombies
Rod Argent
Colin Blunstone
Jim Rodford
Steve Rodford
Tom Toomey
Keith Airey
Paul Arnold
Paul Atkinson
Hugh Grundy
Sebastian Santa Maria
Chris White
Albums
Begin Here
Odessey and Oracle
New World
As Far as I Can See...
Breathe Out, Breathe In
Still Got That Hunger
Singles
"She's Not There"
"Leave Me Be"
"Tell Her No"
"She's Coming Home"
"Whenever You're Ready" / "I Love You"
"Remember You"
"Is This the Dream"
"Indication"
"Gotta Get a Hold of Myself"
"Goin' Out of My Head"
"Friends of Mine"
"Care of Cell 44"
"Butcher's Tale (Western Front 1914)"
"Time of the Season"
"Imagine the Swan"
"If It Don't Work Out"
Compilations
Time of the Zombies
Zombie Heaven
Absolutely the Best
Book:The Zombies
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_of_the_Season&oldid=820870604"
Categories:
1967 songs
1968 singles
The Zombies songs
RPM Top Singles number-one singles
Blake Lewis songs
Songs written by Rod Argent
Columbia Records singles
CBS Records singles
Counterculture of the 1960s
Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
Singlechart usages for Canadatopsingles
Singlechart usages for Dutch100
Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100
Singlechart called without song
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Català
Español
Français
Italiano
Português
Русский
Simple English
Suomi
Svenska
Edit links
This page was last edited on 17 January 2018, at 02:52.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

attrs: href class

attrs: colspan style

value: i

value: span

values:
/wiki/7-inch_single
mw-redirect
7-inch single

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em .2em 0; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em .1em; text-align: center;

values: width:33%; padding:.2em 0 .2em .1em; text-align: center;

values:
/wiki/Protests_against_the_Vietnam_War
mw-redirect
Protests against the Vietnam War

values:
/wiki/Pop_culture
mw-redirect
Pop culture

values:
/wiki/Woodstock_Festival
mw-redirect
Woodstock Festival

values:
/wiki/Sprite_(soft_drink)
mw-redirect
Sprite (soft drink)

values:
left
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
/wiki/Cash_Box_(magazine)
mw-redirect
Cash Box (magazine)

values:
text-align:center;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;

values: Edit section: Cover versions and samples

values:
/wiki/Big_Blue_Missile
mw-redirect
Big Blue Missile

values:
/wiki/Dead_Poet_Live_Album
mw-redirect
Dead Poet Live Album

values:
/wiki/Cover_album
mw-redirect
Cover album

values:
/wiki/Give_It_To_Me_Right
mw-redirect
Give It To Me Right

values:
/wiki/ScHoolboy_Q
mw-redirect
ScHoolboy Q

values:
The_Zombies
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:RPM Top Singles number-one singles

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Canadatopsingles

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Dutch100

values: Category:Singlechart usages for Billboardhot100

values: Category:Singlechart called without song

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Time_of_the_Season
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Time_of_the_Season rootpage-Time_of_the_Season skin-vector action-view


text:
Northeastern United States
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the geographical region. For other uses of the term, see Northeastern United States (disambiguation).
The states shown in the two darkest red shades are included in the United States Census Bureau Northeast Region. The Bureau subdivides the Northeast into:
New England
Middle Atlantic
States in lighter shades are included in other regional definitions.
The Northeastern United States, also referred to as the American Northeast or simply the Northeast, is a geographical region of the United States bordered to the north by Canada, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the Southern United States, and to the west by the Midwestern United States. The Northeast is one of the four regions defined by the United States Census Bureau for the collection and analysis of statistics.[1] The Census Bureau-defined region has a total area of 181,324 sq mi (469,630 km2) with 162,257 sq mi (420,240 km2) of that being land mass.[2] Although it lacks a unified cultural identity, the Northeastern region is the nation's most economically developed, densely populated, and culturally diverse region.[3][4] Of the nation's four census regions, the Northeast is the second most urban, with 85 percent of its population residing in urban areas, led by the West with 90 percent.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 History
2.1 Indigenous peoples
2.2 Colonial history
2.2.1 New England
2.2.2 Mid-Atlantic
3 Environment
3.1 Topography
3.2 Land use
3.3 Climate
3.4 Wildlife
4 Demographics
5 Economy
6 Transportation
7 Culture
7.1 Landmarks
7.2 Religion
7.3 Sports
8 Health
9 Politics
10 See also
11 Notes
12 References
Composition[edit]
Geographically there has always been some debate as to where the Northeastern United States begins and ends. The vast area from northern Virginia (outside Washington DC) to northern Maine, and from western Pennsylvania (Pittsburgh) to the Atlantic Ocean, have all been loosely grouped into the Northeast at one time or another. Much of the debate has been what the cultural, economic, and urban aspects of the Northeast are, and where they begin or end as one reaches the borders of the region.
Using the Census Bureaus definition of the northeast, the region includes nine states: they are Maine, New York, New Jersey, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Pennsylvania.[1][a] The region is often subdivided into New England (the six states east of New York) and the Mid-Atlantic states (New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania). This definition has been essentially unchanged since 1880 and is widely used as a standard for data tabulation.[7][8][9][10] However, the Census Bureau has acknowledged the obvious limitations of this definition[11] and the potential merits of a proposal created after the 1950 census that would include changing regional boundaries to include Delaware, Maryland, and Washington, D.C. with the Mid-Atlantic states, but ultimately decided that "the new system did not win enough overall acceptance among data users to warrant adoption as an official new set of general-purpose State groupings. The previous development of many series of statistics, arranged and issued over long periods of time on the basis of the existing State groupings, favored the retention of the summary units of the current regions and divisions."[12] The Census Bureau confirmed in 1994 that it would continue to "review the components of the regions and divisions to ensure that they continue to represent the most useful combinations of States and State equivalents."[12]
Many organizations and reference works follow the Census Bureau's definition for the region;[13][14][15] however, other entities define the Northeastern United States in significantly different ways for various purposes. The Association of American Geographers divides the Northeast into two divisions- "New England", which consists of Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, and the "Middle States", which consists of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.[16] Similarly, the Geological Society of America defines the Northeast as these same states but with the addition of Maryland and the District of Columbia.[17] The narrowest definitions include only the states of New England.[18] Other more restrictive definitions include New England and New York as part of the Northeast United States, but exclude Pennsylvania and New Jersey.[19][20] States beyond the Census Bureau definition that other entities include in the Northeast United States are:
Delaware, Maryland, and Washington, D.C.[4][21][22][23][24][25]
Delaware, Maryland, Washington, D.C., and West Virginia[26][27][28]
Delaware, Maryland, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, and Virginia[29]
Delaware, and parts of Maryland, West Virginia, and Virginia (but excluding Washington, D.C. and surrounding area)[30]
Ohio[31]
West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, and Michigan[32]
History[edit]
Indigenous peoples[edit]
Main article: Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands
Anthropologists recognize the "Northeastern Woodlands" as one of the cultural regions that existed in the Western Hemisphere at the time of European colonists in the 15th and later centuries. Most did not settle in North America until the 17th century. The cultural area, known as the "Northeastern Woodlands", in addition to covering the entire Northeast U.S., also covered much of what is now Canada and others regions of what is now the eastern United States.[33] Among the many tribes that inhabited this area were those that made up the Iroquois nations and the numerous Algonquian peoples.[34] In the United States of the 21st century, 18 federally recognized tribes reside in the Northeast.[35] For the most part, the people of the Northeastern Woodlands, on whose lands European fishermen began camping to dry their codfish in the early 1600s, lived in villages, especially after being influenced by the agricultural traditions of the Ohio and Mississippi valley societies.[36]
Colonial history[edit]
All of the states making up the Northeastern region were among the original Thirteen Colonies, though Maine, Vermont, and Delaware were part of other colonies before the United States became independent in the American Revolution. The two cultural and geographic regions that form parts of the Northeastern region have distinct histories.
New England[edit]
The Landing of the Pilgrims, Henry A. Bacon (1877)
Main article: History of New England
The first Europeans to settle New England were Pilgrims from England, who landed in present-day Massachusetts in 1620.[37] The Pilgrims arrived by the Mayflower ship and founded Plymouth Colony so they could practice religion freely.[37] Ten years later, a larger group of Puritans settled north of Plymouth Colony in Boston to form Massachusetts Bay Colony.[38] In 1636, colonists established Connecticut Colony and Providence Plantations.[39][40] Providence was founded by Roger Williams, who was banished by Massachusetts for his beliefs in freedom of religion, and it was the first colony to guarantee all citizens freedom of worship.[40] Anne Hutchinson, who was also banished by Massachusetts, formed the town of Portsmouth.[40] Providence, Portsmouth, and two other towns (Newport and Warwick) consolidated to form the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations.[40]
Although the first settlers of New England were motivated by religion, in more recent history, New England has become one of the least religious parts of the United States. In a 2009 Gallup survey, less than half of residents in Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, and Massachusetts reported religion as an important part of their daily life.[41] In a 2010 Gallup survey, less than 30% of residents in Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, and Massachusetts reported attending church weekly, giving them the lowest church attendance among U.S. states.[42]
New England played a prominent role in early American education. Starting in the 17th century, the larger towns in New England opened grammar schools, the forerunner of the modern high school.[citation needed] The first public school in the English colonies was the Boston Latin School, founded in 1635.[43] In 1636, the colonial legislature of Massachusetts founded Harvard College, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States.[44]
Mid-Atlantic[edit]
The first European explorer known to have explored the Atlantic shoreline of the Northeast since the Norse was Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524. His ship La Dauphine explored the coast from what is now known as Florida to New Brunswick. Henry Hudson explored the area of present-day New York in 1609 and claimed it for the Netherlands. His journey stimulated Dutch interest, and the area became known as New Netherland. In 1625, the city of New Amsterdam (the location of present-day New York City) was designated the capital of the province.[45] The Dutch New Netherland settlement along the Hudson River and, for a time, the New Sweden settlement along the Delaware River divided the English settlements in the north and the south. In 1664, Charles II of England formally annexed New Netherland and incorporated it into the English colonial empire.[46] The territory became the colonies of New York and New Jersey.[46] New Jersey was originally split into East Jersey and West Jersey until the two were united as a royal colony in 1702.[46]
In 1681, William Penn, who wanted to give Quakers a land of religious freedom, founded Pennsylvania and extended freedom of religion to all citizens.[47]
Penn strongly desired access to the sea for his Pennsylvania Province and leased what then came to be known as the "Lower Counties on the Delaware"[48] from the Duke.
Penn established representative government and briefly combined his two possessions under one General Assembly in 1682. However, by 1704 the Province of Pennsylvania had grown so large that their representatives wanted to make decisions without the assent of the Lower Counties and the two groups of representatives began meeting on their own, one at Philadelphia, and the other at New Castle. Penn and his heirs remained proprietors of both and always appointed the same person Governor for their Province of Pennsylvania and their territory of the Lower Counties. The fact that Delaware and Pennsylvania shared the same governor was not unique. From 1703 to 1738, New York and New Jersey shared a governor.[49] Massachusetts and New Hampshire also shared a governor for some time.[50]
Environment[edit]
High Point Monument as seen from Lake Marcia at High Point, Sussex County, the highest elevation in New Jersey at 1803 feet above sea level
Cape Cod Bay, a leading tourist destination in Massachusetts
The Palisades along the Hudson River, New Jersey
U.S. Route 220 as it passes through Lamar Township, Pennsylvania
Topography[edit]
While most of the Northeastern United States lie in the Appalachian Highlands physiographic region, some are also part of the Atlantic coastal plain which extends south to the southern tip of Florida. The coastal plain areas (including Cape Cod in Massachusetts, Long Island in New York, most of New Jersey, Delaware, and the Chesapeake Bay region of Maryland) are generally low and flat, with sandy soil and marshy land.[4] The highlands, including the Piedmont and the Appalachian Mountains, are generally heavily forested, ranging from rolling hills to summits greater than 5,000 feet (1,500 m), and pocked with many lakes.[4] The highest peak in the Northeast is Mount Washington (New Hampshire), at 6,288 feet (1,917 m).[51]
Land use[edit]
As of 2007[update], forest-use covered approximately 60% of the Northeastern states (including Delaware, Maryland, and the District of Columbia), about twice the national average. About 12% was cropland and another 4% grassland pasture or range. There is also more urbanized land in the Northeast (11%) than any other region in the U.S.[25]
Climate[edit]
The climate of the Northeastern United States varies from northernmost Maine to southernmost Maryland. The climate of the region is created by the position of the general west to east flow of weather in the middle latitudes that much of the USA is controlled by and the position and movement of the subtropical highs. Summers are normally warm in northern areas to hot in southern areas. In summer, the building Bermuda High pumps warm and sultry air toward the Northeast, and frequent (but brief) thundershowers are common on hot summer days. In winter the subtropical high retreats southeastward, and the polar jet stream moves south bringing colder air masses from up in Canada and more frequent storm systems to the region. Winter often brings both rain and snow as well as surges of both warm and cold air. [52]
The basic climate of the Northeast can be divided into a colder and snowier interior (Pennsylvania and New York State, and New England), and a milder coast and coastal plain from southern Rhode Island southward, including, New Haven, CT, New York City, Philadelphia, Trenton, Wilmington, Baltimore...etc.). Annual mean temperatures range from the low 50s F from Maryland to southern Connecticut, to the 40s F in most of New York State, New England, and northern Pennsylvania.[52][53][54]
Wildlife[edit]
The Northeast has 72 National Wildlife Refuges, encompassing more than 500,000 acres (780 sq mi; 2,000 km2) of habitat, and designed to protect some of the 92 different threatened and endangered species living in the region.[35]
Demographics[edit]
New York City, the most populous city in the Northeast and all of the United States
Philadelphia, the second most populous city in the Northeast and the fifth most populated city in the United States
Boston, the most populated city in Massachusetts and New England and the third most populated city in the Northeast
Pittsburgh, the second most populous city in Pennsylvania, and the fourth most populous city in the Northeast
As of the July 2013 U.S. Census Bureau estimate, the population of the region totaled 55,943,073.[55] With an average of 345.5 people per square mile, the Northeast is 2.5 times as densely populated as the second-most dense region, the South. Since the last century, the U.S. population has been shifting away from the Northeast (and Midwest) toward the South and West.[56]
The two U.S. Census Bureau divisions in the Northeast (New England and Mid-Atlantic) rank #1 and #2 among the 9 divisions in population density according to the 2013 population estimate. The South Atlantic region (233.1) was very close behind New England (233.2). Due to the faster growth of the South Atlantic region, it will take over the #2 division rank in population density in the next estimate, dropping New England to 3rd position. New England is projected to retain the number 3 rank for many, many years, as the only other lower-ranked division with even half the population density of New England is the East North Central division (192.1) and this region's population is projected to grow slowly. [b][57]
State
2017 Estimate
2010 Census
Change
Area
Density
Connecticut 3,588,184 3,574,097 6999394141513226990♠+0.39% 4,842.35 sq mi (12,541.6 km2) 741/sq mi (286/km2)
Maine 1,335,907 1,328,361 6999568068469339280♠+0.57% 30,842.90 sq mi (79,882.7 km2) 43/sq mi (17/km2)
Massachusetts 6,859,819 6,547,629 7000476798547993480♠+4.77% 7,800.05 sq mi (20,202.0 km2) 879/sq mi (340/km2)
New Hampshire 1,342,795 1,316,470 7000199966577286230♠+2.00% 8,952.64 sq mi (23,187.2 km2) 150/sq mi (58/km2)
Rhode Island 1,059,639 1,052,567 6999671881219912840♠+0.67% 1,033.81 sq mi (2,677.6 km2) 1,025/sq mi (396/km2)
Vermont 623,657 625,741 3000666954858319980♠−0.33% 9,216.65 sq mi (23,871.0 km2) 68/sq mi (26/km2)
New England 14,810,001 14,444,865 7000252779101777690♠+2.53% 62,688.4 sq mi (162,362 km2) 236/sq mi (91/km2)
New Jersey 9,005,644 8,791,894 7000243121675488810♠+2.43% 7,354.21 sq mi (19,047.3 km2) 1,225/sq mi (473/km2)
New York 19,849,399 19,378,102 7000243211125630360♠+2.43% 47,126.36 sq mi (122,056.7 km2) 421/sq mi (163/km2)
Pennsylvania 12,805,537 12,702,379 6999812115588741280♠+0.81% 44,742.67 sq mi (115,883.0 km2) 286/sq mi (111/km2)
Middle Atlantic 48,674,696 47,543,861 7000237850897300920♠+2.38% 110,879.01 sq mi (287,175.3 km2) 376/sq mi (145/km2)
Total 63,484,697 61,988,726 7000241329528211310♠+2.41% 173,567.41 sq mi (449,537.5 km2) 366/sq mi (141/km2)
Economy[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2013)
As of 2012[update], the Northeast accounts for approximately 23% of U.S. gross domestic product.[58]
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission oversees 34 nuclear reactors, eight for research or testing and 26 for power production in the Northeastern United States.[24]
New York City, considered a global financial center, is in the Northeast.
The Federal Bureau of Prisons maintains 17 federal prisons and two affiliated private facilities in the region.[31]
Transportation[edit]
The following table includes all eight airports categorized by the FAA as large hubs[59] located in the Northeastern states[60] (New England and Eastern regions[61]):
Rank
Metro area served
Airport
code
Airport name
Largest airline[62]
1 New York JFK John F Kennedy International JetBlue (37%)
2 New York EWR Newark Liberty International United (49%)
3 Philadelphia PHL Philadelphia International American (80%)
4 Boston BOS General Edward Lawrence Logan International JetBlue (29%)
5 New York LGA La Guardia Delta (21%)
6 Baltimore/Washington BWI Baltimore/Washington International Thurgood Marshall Southwest (65%)
7 Washington IAD Washington Dulles International United (41%)
8 Washington DCA Ronald Reagan Washington National American (50%)
Culture[edit]
Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky asserts that the Northeast region lacks a unified cultural identity,[3] but has served as a "culture hearth" for the rest of the nation.[63] Several much smaller geographical regions within the Northeast do have distinct cultural identities.[3]
Landmarks[edit]
Almost half of the National Historic Landmarks maintained by the National Park Service are located in the Northeastern United States.[64]
Religion[edit]
According to a 2009 Gallup poll, the Northeastern states differ from most of the rest of the U.S. in religious affiliation, generally reflecting the descendants of immigration patterns of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with many Catholics arriving from Ireland, Italy, Canada, and eastern Europe. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey are the only states in the nation where Catholics outnumber Protestants and other Christian denominations. More than 20% of respondents in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont declared no religious identity.[65] Compared to other U.S. regions, the Northeast, along with the Pacific Northwest, has the lowest regular religious service attendance and the fewest number of people for whom religion is an important part of their daily lives.[66]
Sports[edit]
The Northeast region is home to several professional sports franchises in the "Big Four" leagues (NFL, NBA, NHL and MLB),[67] with more than 100 championships collectively among them.[68]
New York metropolitan area: Giants, Jets (NFL), Yankees, Mets (MLB), Knicks, Nets (NBA), Rangers, Islanders, Devils (NHL)
Philadelphia: Eagles (NFL), Phillies (MLB), 76ers (NBA), Flyers (NHL)
Washington, D.C.: Redskins (NFL), Nationals (MLB), Wizards (NBA), Capitals (NHL)
Boston: Patriots (NFL), Red Sox (MLB), Celtics (NBA), Bruins (NHL)
Baltimore: Ravens (NFL), Orioles (MLB)
Pittsburgh: Steelers (NFL), Pirates (MLB), Penguins (NHL)
Buffalo: Bills (NFL), Sabres (NHL)
Major League Soccer features five Northeastern teams: D.C. United, New England Revolution, New York City FC, New York Red Bulls, and Philadelphia Union. The region also has three WNBA teams: Connecticut Sun, New York Liberty and Washington Mystics.
Notable golf tournaments in the Northeastern United States include the Deutsche Bank Championship, The Barclays, Quicken Loans National and Atlantic City LPGA Classic. The US Open, held at New York City, is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, whereas Washington Open is part of the ATP World Tour 500 series.
Notable Northeastern motorsports tracks include Watkins Glen International, Dover International Speedway, Pocono Raceway, New Hampshire Motor Speedway and Lime Rock Park, which have hosted Formula One, IndyCar, NASCAR and International Motor Sports Association races. Also, drag strips such as Englishtown, Epping, and Reading have hosted NHRA national events. Pimlico Race Course at Baltimore and Belmont Park at New York host the Preakness Stakes and Belmont Stakes horse races, which are part of the Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing.
The region has also been noted for the relative prevalence of the traditionally Northeastern sports of ice hockey and lacrosse.[69] +
Health[edit]
The rate of potentially preventable hospitalizations in the Northeastern United States fell from 2005 to 2011 for overall conditions, acute conditions, and chronic conditions.[70]
Politics[edit]
Main article: Political party strength in U.S. states
The Northeastern United States tended to vote Republican in federal elections through the first half of the 20th century, but the region has since the 1990s shifted to become the most Democratic in the nation.[23] Results from a 2008 Gallup poll indicated that eight of the top ten Democratic states were located in the region, with every Northeastern state having a Democratic party affiliation advantage of at least ten points.[71] The following table demonstrates Democratic support in the Northeast as compared to the remainder of the nation.[72]
Year
% President vote
% Senate seats
% House seats
Northeast Remainder Northeast Remainder Northeast Remainder
2000
57.6 47.5 60.0 46.3 59.6 45.7
2002
60.0 45.0 58.3 44.7
2004
57.1 47.3 60.0 40.0 59.5 43.0
2006
75.0 45.0 73.8 48.3
2008
60.7 52.0 80.0 52.5 81.0 52.9
2010
75.0 47.5 67.9 38.5
The following table of United States presidential election results since 1900 illustrates that over the past six presidential elections, only three Northeastern states supported a Republican candidate (New Hampshire voted for George W. Bush in 2000; Pennsylvania and Maine's 2nd congressional district voted for Donald Trump in 2016).[73] Bolded entries indicate that party's candidate also won the general election.
State
1900
1904
1908
1912
1916
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1940
1944
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
CT
R R R D R R R R R D D D R R R D D D R R R R R D D D D D D D
DE
R R R D R R R R R D D D R R R D D R R D R R R D D D D D D D
DC
D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
ME
R R R D D R R R R R R R R R R R D D R R R R R D D D D D D D (R ME-02)
MD
R D D D D R R R D D D D R R R D D D R D D R R D D D D D D D
MA
R R R D R R R D D D D D D R R D D D D D R R D D D D D D D D
NH
R R R D D R R R R D D D R R R R D R R R R R R D D R D D D D
NJ
R R R D R R R R D D D D R R R D D R R R R R R D D D D D D D
NY
R R R D R R R R D D D D R R R D D D R D R R D D D D D D D D
PA
R R R P R R R R R D D D R R R D D D R D R R R D D D D D D R
RI
R R R D R R R D D D D D D R R D D D R D D R D D D D D D D D
VT
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D R R R R R R D D D D D D D
The following table shows the breakdown of party affiliation of governors, state legislative houses, and U.S. congressional delegation for the Northeastern states, as of 2017[update]. (Demographics reflect registration-by-party figures from that state's registered voter statistics.)
State
Governor
Upper House Majority
Lower House Majority
Senior U.S. Senator
Junior U.S. Senator
U.S. House Delegation
Demographics
CT
Democratic Tied
18-18 Democratic
80-71 Democratic Democratic Democratic
5-0 Democratic
36-21
DE
Democratic Democratic
11-10 Democratic
25-16 Democratic Democratic Democratic
1-0 Democratic
48-28
ME
Republican Republican
18-17 Democratic
76-72-2 Republican Independent Tied
1-1 Democratic
32-27
MD
Republican Democratic
33-14 Democratic
91-50 Democratic Democratic Democratic
7-1 Democratic
55-26
MA
Republican Democratic
34-6 Democratic
125-35 Democratic Democratic Democratic
9-0 Democratic
35-11
NH
Republican Republican
14-10 Republican
226-174 Democratic Democratic Democratic
2-0 Republican
30-27
NJ
Democratic Democratic
24-16 Democratic
52-28 Democratic Democratic Democratic
7-5 Democratic
33-20
NY
Democratic Rep. Led Coalition
40-22 Democratic
107-43 Democratic Democratic Democratic
18-9 Democratic
49-24
PA
Democratic Republican
34-16 Republican
121-82 Democratic Republican Republican
13-5 Democratic
50-37
RI
Democratic Democratic
33-5 Democratic
64-10-1 Democratic Democratic Democratic
2-0 Democratic
42-11
VT
Republican Democratic
21-7-2 Democratic
83-53-7-7 Democratic Independent Democratic
1-0 Democratic
47-31
See also[edit]
Atlantic Northeast
Northeast Corridor
Rust Belt
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The U.S. Census Bureau reorganized its administrative units, and its regional offices do not cover the Census regions (the northeastern most regional office headquartered in New York City covers New England, New York, New Jersey, and Puerto Rico).[6]
Jump up ^ Based on U.S. Census Bureau population projections to 2030 (and assuming constant land area) the population density for the South Atlantic division will increase significantly to 294.6/mi2, New England's density will increase to 249.2/mi2 and the East North Central division will increase only slightly to 200.2/mi2. The division with the 5th highest density is projected to be the East South Central division at 111.6/mi2.[57]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Census Regions and Divisions of the United States" (PDF). United States Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, United States Census Bureau, Geography Division. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "American FactFinder, GCT-PH1-Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density". U.S. Census Bureau. 2000.
^ Jump up to: a b c Zelinsky, Wilbur (June 1980). "North America's Vernacular Regions". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 70 (1). doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1980.tb01293.x.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hobbs, Joseph John (2009). World Regional Geography. Cengage Learning. p. 647. ISBN 9780495389507. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Elkins, Rick (March 28, 2012). "Census Bureau releases list of urban areas". Porterville Recorder. Archived from the original on July 26, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ "2013 Regions of the US Census Bureau" (PDF). Census Bureau. Retrieved July 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Geographic Areas Reference Manual. U.S. Census Bureau. 1994. p. 6-1. Retrieved July 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Seymour Sudman & Norman M. Bradburn (1982). Asking Questions: Practical Guide to Questionnaire Design. Jossey-Bass. p. 205. The most widely used regional definitions follow those of the U.S. Bureau of the Census.
Jump up ^ Dale M. Lewison (1997). Retailing. Prentice Hall. p. 384. ISBN 978-0-13-461427-4. Perhaps the most widely used regional classification system is one developed by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Jump up ^ Pamela Goyan Kittler; Kathryn P. Sucher (2008). Food and Culture. Cengage Learning. p. 475. ISBN 9780495115410. (M)ost demographic and food consumption data are presented in this four-region format.
Jump up ^ Proceedings of the National Geographic Areas Conference: putting it together for 1990. U.S. Census Bureau. 1984. p. 161.
^ Jump up to: a b "Six: Statistical Groupings of States and Counties". Geographic Areas Reference Manual (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. November 1994. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ Verne Thompson, ed. (2010). Encyclopedia of Associations: Regional, State, and Local Organizations: Northeastern States. (Vol. 2: Northeastern States) (22 ed.). Gale.
Jump up ^ The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind. Macmillan. 2011. p. 630. ISBN 9781429950855.
Jump up ^ Kelley, Mary Lebreck & Virginia Macken Fitzsimons (2000). Understanding Cultural Diversity: Culture, Curriculum, and Community in Nursing. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 220. ISBN 9780763711061.
Jump up ^ "Overview – AAG". aag.org.
Jump up ^ "Geological Society of America – Northeastern Section". geosociety.org.
Jump up ^ "NROC Overview". Northeast Regional Ocean Council. Retrieved July 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Safety: ORA District and Headquarters Recall Coordinators". U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved July 24, 2013.
Jump up ^ "About The Council". Department of Defense Northeast Regional Council. Retrieved September 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ John C. Hudson (2002). Across This Land: A Regional Geography of the United States and Canada. p. 81 ff. ISBN 0801865670.
Jump up ^ Thomas F. McIlwraith; Edward K. Muller (2001). North America: The Historical Geography of a Changing Continent. p. 190. ISBN 0742500195.
^ Jump up to: a b Shelley, Fred M., ed. (1996). Political Geography of the United States. Guilford Press. ISBN 1572300485.
^ Jump up to: a b "Region I Jurisdiction". Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Cynthia Nickerson; Robert Ebel; Allison Borchers & Fernando Carriazo (2007). "Major Uses of Land in the United States". USDA's Economic Research Service. Archived from the original on July 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Barron, Eric (2001). "Chapter 4: Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change for the Northeastern United States". In National Assessment Synthesis Team, U.S. Global Change Research Program. Climate Change Impacts on the United States: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change (PDF). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-00075-0. Retrieved March 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Northeast Climate Region". United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Jump up ^ "Northeast Regional Climate Center". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Jump up ^ "Northeast Region". United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
Jump up ^ "National Park Service Regions" (PDF). United States Department of the Interior.
^ Jump up to: a b "Northeast Region Locations". Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ R. K. Brummitt; et al. (August 2001). "World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions" (PDF) (2nd ed.). Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie Mellon University. Retrieved July 23, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mir Tamim Ansary (2001). Eastern Woodlands Indians. Capstone Classroom. p. 4. ISBN 9781588104519.
Jump up ^ Pritzker, Barry (2000). A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford University Press. p. 398. ISBN 0195138775.
^ Jump up to: a b "Northeast Region Fact Sheet" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Nash, Gary B. Red, White and Black: The Peoples of Early North America Los Angeles 2015. Chapter 1, p. 8
^ Jump up to: a b Arenstam, Peter; Kemp, John; Grace, Catherine O'Neill (2007). Mayflower 1620: A New Look at a Pilgrim Voyage. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. ISBN 9780792262763.
Jump up ^ "A Brief History of Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA". Cambridge Historical Commission. Archived from the original on September 30, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kelly, Martin. "Connecticut Colony". About.com. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kelly, Martin. "Rhode Island Colony". About.com. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Newport, Frank. "State of the States: Importance of Religion". Gallup. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mississippians Go to Church the Most; Vermonters, Least". Gallup.com. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
Jump up ^ Jenks, Henry Fitch (1880). The Boston Public Latin School. 1635-1880. M. King. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Harvard University Founded". CelebrateBoston.com. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Barreveld, Drs. Dirk J. (2001). From New Amsterdam to New York : the founding of New York by the Dutch in July 1625. New York: Writers Club Press. ISBN 9780595198900.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Middle Colonies". Radford University. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Forrest, Tuomi J. "William Penn – Introduction". Retrieved August 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ Munroe, John A (2006). "3. The Lower Counties on The Delaware". History of Delaware (5th, illustrated ed.). University of Delaware Press. p. 45. ISBN 0-87413-947-3.
Jump up ^ Lurie, Mappen M (2004), Encyclopedia of New Jersey, Rutgers University Press, p. 327, ISBN 0-8135-3325-2 .
Jump up ^ Mayo, LS (1921), John Wentworth, Governor of New Hampshire: 1767–1775, Harvard University Press, p. 5 .
Jump up ^ "Mount Washington". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey.
^ Jump up to: a b "Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Climate Summaries - Northeast Overview - January 2013".
Jump up ^ "Climate Summaries - Northeast Overview - July 2012".
Jump up ^ "Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013". 2013 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2013. Archived from the original (CSV) on August 24, 2014. Retrieved April 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ Frank Hobbs & Nicole Stoops (2002). Demographic Trends in the 20th Century. p. 18. Retrieved July 12, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "2005 Interim State Population Projections - People and Households - U.S. Census Bureau". census.gov.
Jump up ^ "Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by State".
Jump up ^ Calendar Year 2011 Primary Airports
Jump up ^ "ATCSCC Flight Delay Information – Northeastern States". faa.gov.
Jump up ^ "Airports Regional & District/Development Offices". faa.gov.
Jump up ^ "RITA – BTS – Transtats". bts.gov.
Jump up ^ Zelinsky, Wilbur (December 1955). "Some Problems in the Distribution of Generic Terms in the Place-Names of the Northeastern United States". Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 45 (4). doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1955.tb01491.x.
Jump up ^ "Northeast Region – History & Culture".
Jump up ^ "Religious Identity: States Differ Widely".
Jump up ^ Twenge, Jean M. "Generational and Time Period Differences in American Adolescents' Religious Orientation, 1966–2014". PLoS ONE. PLoS ONE. Retrieved October 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "All Cities Are Not Created Equal".
Jump up ^ "The Northeast Region".
Jump up ^ Kirsch, George B.; Othello Harris; Claire Elaine Nolte, eds. (2000). Encyclopedia of Ethnicity and Sports in the United States. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0313299110.
Jump up ^ Torio CM, Andrews RM (September 2014). "Geographic Variation in Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations for Acute and Chronic Conditions, 2005-2011". HCUP Statistical Brief #178. Rockville, Maryland: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Jump up ^ "State of the States: Political Party Affiliation".
Jump up ^ Reiter, Howard L. & Jeffrey M. Stonecash (2011). Counter Realignment: Political Change in the Northeastern United States. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1139493132.
Jump up ^ "Historical Election Results". U.S. National Archives and Records Administration.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Northeastern United States.
[hide]
v
t
e
Regions of the United States
Administrative
(political)
Units
U.S. state
District of Columbia
Insular area
Minor Outlying Island
Maritime territory
Time zones
Hawaii–Aleutian
Alaska
Pacific
Mountain
Central
Eastern
Census
West
Pacific
Mountain
Midwest
E N Central
W N Central
Northeast
New England
Middle Atlantic
South
S Atlantic
E S Central
W S Central
Courts of
appeals
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
Physical
Physiographic
Pacific Mountain
Intermontane Plateaus
Rocky Mountain
Superior Upland
Interior Plains
Interior Highlands
Appalachian
Atlantic Plain
Coastal
Arctic
West
Great Lakes
Gulf
East
Historical
Acquisitions
Thirteen Colonies
Northwest Territory
Southwest Territory
Louisiana Purchase
Gadsden Purchase
Texas annexation
Oregon Treaty
Mexican Cession
Alaska Purchase
Newlands Resolution
Civil War
Union
Border states
Confederacy
Old South
Dixie
Slave and free states
Theaters
Pacific
Western
Trans-Mississippi
Lower Seaboard
Eastern
Divided
Pacific Northwest
Atlantic Northeast
Prairie Pothole
Columbia
Oregon
Other
Appalachia
Border states
Red states and blue states
Central
Eastern
Four Corners
Great Plains
High Plains
Intermountain
Interior
Northern
Northwest
South Central
Southern
Deep
New
Upland
Southeast
Southwest
List
Category
Coordinates: 42°N 73°W / 42°N 73°W / 42; -73
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northeastern_United_States&oldid=833846435"
Categories:
Northeastern United States
Demographic history of the United States
Census regions of the United States
Hidden categories:
Use mdy dates from October 2015
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Articles to be expanded from July 2013
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012
Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017
Coordinates on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikivoyage
Languages
العربية
Català
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Magyar
Македонски
Nederlands
日本語
Português
Русский
Sardu
Simple English
Slovenčina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Svenska
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
中文
18 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 2 April 2018, at 18:09.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values: Northeastern United States (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href title

attrs: class style

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #800000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #c00000; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values:
/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_states
mw-redirect
Mid-Atlantic states

values:
/wiki/Washington_DC
mw-redirect
Washington DC

values: Indigenous peoples of the Northeastern Woodlands

values: Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas

values:
/wiki/Northeastern_Woodland
mw-redirect
Northeastern Woodland

values: List of federally recognized tribes by state

values:
/wiki/Henry_A._Bacon
mw-redirect
Henry A. Bacon

values:
/wiki/Roger_Williams_(theologian)
mw-redirect
Roger Williams (theologian)

values: Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

values:
/wiki/The_Gallup_Organization
mw-redirect
The Gallup Organization

values:
/wiki/Grammar_schools
mw-redirect
Grammar schools

values:
/wiki/High_school
mw-redirect
High school

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2012)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Legislature_of_Massachusetts
mw-redirect
Legislature of Massachusetts

values:
/wiki/English_colonial_empire
mw-redirect
English colonial empire

values:
/wiki/High_Point_Monument
mw-redirect
High Point Monument

values:
/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_by_elevation
mw-redirect
List of U.S. states by elevation

values: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

values:
/wiki/Bermuda_High
mw-redirect
Bermuda High

values:
/wiki/New_Haven,_CT
mw-redirect
New Haven, CT

values: List of U.S. states by population growth rate

values: List of U.S. states by population density

values:
/wiki/South_Atlantic_States
mw-redirect
South Atlantic States

values:
/wiki/East_North_Central_States
mw-redirect
East North Central States

values: List of states and territories of the United States

values:
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values: Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada

values:
/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Championship
mw-redirect
Deutsche Bank Championship

values:
/wiki/The_Barclays
mw-redirect
The Barclays

values:
/wiki/Quicken_Loans_National
mw-redirect
Quicken Loans National

values:
/wiki/Atlantic_City_LPGA_Classic
mw-redirect
Atlantic City LPGA Classic

values: Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)

values: United States presidential election, 1900

values: United States presidential election, 1904

values: United States presidential election, 1908

values: United States presidential election, 1912

values: United States presidential election, 1916

values: United States presidential election, 1920

values: United States presidential election, 1924

values: United States presidential election, 1928

values: United States presidential election, 1932

values: United States presidential election, 1936

values: United States presidential election, 1940

values: United States presidential election, 1944

values: United States presidential election, 1948

values: United States presidential election, 1952

values: United States presidential election, 1956

values: United States presidential election, 1960

values: United States presidential election, 1964

values: United States presidential election, 1968

values: United States presidential election, 1972

values: United States presidential election, 1976

values: United States presidential election, 1980

values: United States presidential election, 1984

values: United States presidential election, 1988

values: United States presidential election, 1992

values: United States presidential election, 1996

values: United States presidential election, 2000

values: United States presidential election, 2004

values: United States presidential election, 2008

values: United States presidential election, 2012

values: United States presidential election, 2016

values:
/wiki/Elections_in_Maine
mw-redirect
Elections in Maine

values:
/wiki/Elections_in_Massachusetts
mw-redirect
Elections in Massachusetts

values:
/wiki/Elections_in_New_York
mw-redirect
Elections in New York

values:
/wiki/Elections_in_Rhode_Island
mw-redirect
Elections in Rhode Island

values: Political party strength in Massachusetts

values: Political party strength in New Hampshire

values: Political party strength in Pennsylvania

values: Political party strength in Rhode Island

values:
/wiki/East_South_Central_States
mw-redirect
East South Central States

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values: Annals of the Association of American Geographers

values:
/wiki/Cengage_Learning
mw-redirect
Cengage Learning

values:
nofollow
http://www.geosociety.org/sections/ne/
external text

values: United States Environmental Protection Agency

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.nrcc.cornell.edu/index.html

values: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

values:
nofollow
http://www.fws.gov/northeast/
external text

values: United States Department of the Interior

values:
/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)
mw-redirect
National Geographic (magazine)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.fly.faa.gov/flyfaa/nemap.jsp

values:
nofollow
http://www.nps.gov/nero/historyculture/
external text

values: Template talk:Regions of the United States

values: Political divisions of the United States

values:
/wiki/Pacific_States
mw-redirect
Pacific States

values:
/wiki/Mountain_States
mw-redirect
Mountain States

values: United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit

values: United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit

values:
/wiki/Superior_Upland
mw-redirect
Superior Upland

values:
/wiki/Coastal_states
mw-redirect
Coastal states

values: Pacific Coast Theater of the American Civil War

values: Western Theater of the American Civil War

values: Trans-Mississippi Theater of the American Civil War

values: Lower Seaboard Theater of the American Civil War

values: Eastern Theater of the American Civil War

values: International border states of the United States

values:
/wiki/Intermountain_states
mw-redirect
Intermountain states

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values: Category:Demographic history of the United States

values: Category:Census regions of the United States

values: Category:Use mdy dates from October 2015

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from July 2013

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Northeastern_United_States
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: شمال شرق الولايات المتحدة – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Severovýchod Spojených států amerických – Czech

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: Nordosten der Vereinigten Staaten – German

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: 미국 북동부 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Stati Uniti d'America nord-orientali – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: Северисток (САД) – Macedonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values: Noordoostelijke Verenigde Staten – Dutch

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: アメリカ合衆国北東部 – Japanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
display: none;

values: Região Nordeste dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese

values: Северо-восток США – Russian

values: Istados Unidos Norti-Orientales – Sardinian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sc
display: none;

values: Northeastern United States – Simple English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values: باکووری ڕۆژھەڵاتی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکان – Central Kurdish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values: Североисток (САД) – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: Північний Схід США – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: شمال مشرقی ریاستہائے متحدہ – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Northeastern_United_States rootpage-Northeastern_United_States skin-vector action-view


text:
No pain, no gain
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see No pain, no gain (disambiguation).
No pain, no gain (or "No gain without pain") is an exercise motto that promises greater value rewards for the price of hard and even painful work. Under this conception competitive professionals, such as athletes and artists, are required to endure pain(physical suffering)and stress(mental suffering) to achieve professional excellence.
Contents
[hide]
1 Exercise motto
2 Origin
3 See also
4 References
Exercise motto[edit]
It came into prominence after 1982 when actress Jane Fonda began to produce a series of aerobics workout videos. In these videos, Fonda would use "No pain, no gain" and "Feel the burn" as catchphrases for the concept of working out past the point of experiencing muscle aches.[1]
It expresses the belief that solid large muscle is the result of training hard. Delayed onset muscle soreness is often used as a measure of the effectiveness of a workout.[2]
In terms of the expression used for development, the discomfort caused may be beneficial in some instances while detrimental in others. Detrimental pain can include joint pain; beneficial pain usually refers to that resulting from tearing microscopic muscle fibers, which will be rebuilt more densely, making a bigger muscle.[when?]
The expression has been adopted in a variety of sports and fitness activities.[when?]
David B. Morris wrote in The Scientist in 2005, "'No pain, no gain' is an American modern mini-narrative: it compresses the story of a protagonist who understands that the road to achievement runs only through hardship."[3] The concept has been described as being a modern form of Puritanism.[4]
Origin[edit]
A form of this expression is found in the beginning of the second century, written in The Ethics of the Fathers 5:21 (known in Hebrew as Pirkei Avot):
Rabbi Ben Hei Hei says, "According to the pain is the gain."
—  Pirkei Avot 5:21[5]
This is interpreted to be a spiritual lesson; without the pain in doing what God commands, there is no spiritual gain.
One of the earliest attestations of the phrase comes from the poet Robert Herrick in his "Hesperides". In the 1650 edition, a two-line poem was added:
NO PAINS, NO GAINS.
If little labour, little are our gains:
Man's fate is according to his pains.
—  Hesperides 752.[6]
A version of the phrase was crafted by Benjamin Franklin, in his persona of Poor Richard (1734), to illustrate the axiom "God helps those who help themselves":
Industry need not wish, as Poor Richard says, and he that lives upon hope will die fasting. There are no gains, without pains...
—  as reprinted in his The Way to Wealth (1758)[7]
See also[edit]
Pain & Gain
Sports injury
References[edit]
Look up no pain, no gain in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Jump up ^ "No Pain, No Gain". The American College of Foot & Ankle Orthopedics & Medicine. September 22, 2002. Retrieved 2008-03-24.
Jump up ^ https://theconversation.com/mondays-medical-myth-no-pain-no-gain-12298
Jump up ^ David B. Morris (March 28, 2005). "Belief and Narrative". The Scientist. 19 (Sup. 1).
Jump up ^ Kilwein, J. H. (1 January 1989). "No Pain, No Gain: A Puritan Legacy". Health Education & Behavior. 16 (1): 9–12. doi:10.1177/109019818901600103.
Jump up ^ Ethics of the Fathers: Chapter Five - Texts & Writings
Jump up ^ Herrick, Robert (1898). Alfred Pollardi, ed. The Hesperides & Noble Numbers: Vol. 1 and 2. London: Lawrence & Bullen. Vol. 2, 66 & 320.
Jump up ^ Franklin, Terrance (1758). The Way To Wealth.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=No_pain,_no_gain&oldid=806649487"
Categories:
Aerobic exercise
Bodybuilding
English phrases
Mottos
Personal development
Hidden categories:
All articles with vague or ambiguous time
Vague or ambiguous time from March 2008
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
తెలుగు
Edit links
This page was last edited on 23 October 2017, at 10:04.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/No_pain,_no_gain_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
No pain, no gain (disambiguation)

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: b

value: p

attrs: role tabindex class

values: button 0 togglelink

value: li

values:
/wiki/Muscle_ache
mw-redirect
Muscle ache

values: The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2008)

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers

values:
/wiki/Poor_Richard
mw-redirect
Poor Richard

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.acfaom.org/pain.shtml

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time

values: Category:Vague or ambiguous time from March 2008

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/No_pain,_no_gain
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: కష్టే ఫలి – Telugu

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-No_pain_no_gain rootpage-No_pain_no_gain vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view


text:
Bdellium
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Bdellium resin
Bdellium /ˈdɛliəm/, also bdellion, is a semi-transparent oleo-gum resin extracted from Commiphora wightii and from Commiphora africana trees growing in Ethiopia, Eritrea and sub-saharan Africa.[citation needed]
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Uses
3 Name
4 History
5 Footnotes
6 References
Composition[edit]
Bdellium consists of a water-soluble gum, a resin and an essential oil. The essential oil of Commiphora africana contains predominantly α-thujene, α- and β-pinene, and p-cymene.[1]
Uses[edit]
Bdellium is used in perfumery, as incense and in traditional medicine.[2] It is an adulterant of the more costly myrrh.
Name[edit]
Middle English, from Latin, from Greek βδέλλιον.
Commiphora africana resin is also known as African bdellium.[1]
History[edit]
Theophrastus is perhaps the first classical author to mention bdellium, if the report that came back from his informant in Alexander's expedition refers to Commiphora wightii: "In the region called Aria there is a thorn tree which produces a tear of resin, resembling myrrh in appearance and odour. It liquifies when the sun shines upon it."[3]
Plautus in his play Curculio refers to it. Pliny the Elder, in his Natural History (12:36), describes the best bdellium coming from Bactria (identified as Commiphora wightii[a]) as a "tree black in colour, and the size of the olive tree; its leaf resembles that of the oak and its fruit the wild fig", as well as bdellium coming from Nubia (identified as Commiphora africana). However, his descriptions[b] seem to cover a range of strongly perfumed resins. The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, of the 2nd century CE, reports that bdella are exported from the port of Barbarice at the mouth of the Indus.[4] The Bactrian variety is known among Arabs as mokul.[5]
The bdellium referred to by Dioscorides as "the bdellium imported from Petra" (De Materia Medica, 1:80) is probably the resin of Hyphaene thebaica, a species of palm. The Arabs call it "Jewish bdellium."[5]
Bdellium is the common English translation in the Bible (Genesis 2:12; Numbers 11:7) for Hebrew bedolach. In both passages the Septuagint understands it as the name of some precious stone, as does Rashi, who interprets it as "a precious stone, crystal", and Saadiah Gaon, as "pearls". The Midrash gives two opinions. According to one, it is a precious stone, and according to the other the reference is to "the bedolaḥ of perfumers". In Genesis the Midrash decides in favor of the first interpretation because there it is associated with gold and onyx.[5] In Numbers, the reference to bdellium is in the context of the manna eaten by the Israelites in the wilderness, which is said to have "the color of bdellium" (Numbers 11:7).
In China, bdellium, known as an hsi hsiang or "Parthian aromatic", was among the varieties of incense that reached China either along the Silk Route from Central Asia, or by sea. Later an hsi hsiang was applied to an East Indian substitute, gum benzoin from Sumatra.[6]
Bdellium was an ingredient in the prescriptions of ancient physicians from Galen to Paul of Aegina, and in the Greater Kuphi.[7]
Isidore of Seville reports in his Etymologiae (XVII.viii.6) that bdellium comes from trees in India and Arabia, the Arabian variety being better as it is smooth, whitish and smells good; the Indian variety is a dirty black.[8]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ The identification was to Commiphora roxburghii, a taxonomic synonym of C. wightii.
Jump up ^ "Next to Ariane is Bactriane, which produces the most esteemed kind of bdellium. The tree is of a black colour and of the size of an olive-tree. Its leaf resembles that of the oak, and its fruit that of the wild fig-tree. Bdellium itself is of the nature of a gum. Some call it brochon, others malacha, others again maldacon, but when it is black and rolled into a little ball it is known as hadrabolon. This substance ought to be transparent like wax, odoriferous, unctuous when crumbled, and bitter to the taste but without being at all acid. When used in sacred rites it is steeped in wine to increase its fragrance. It grows in Arabia and India as well as in Media and Babylon. Some persons call the bdellium which is brought to us by way of Media, peratic. It is more brittle than the other kinds, harder in the crust, and more bitter to the taste; the Indian kind is, on the other hand, moister and gummy, and is adulterated by means of the almond nut. The various other kinds are corrupted with the bark of scordastum, the tree of this name producing a gum which resembles bdellium. The adulterations of perfumes, let it be said once for all, are detected by their smell, by their colour, weight, taste, and by the action of fire. The Bactrian bdellium is dry and shining, and has numerous white spots, like finger-nails in shape. Besides, it should be of a certain weight than which it ought to be neither heavier nor lighter. The price of bdellium when quite pure is three denarii per pound." (Pliny the Elder, Natural History 12.19).
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Lumír O. Hanuš; et al. (2005), "Myrrh-Commiphora Chemistry", Biomed. Papers, 149 (1): 3–23, doi:10.5507/bp.2005.001, PMID 16170385
Jump up ^ James A. Duke (2008), "African Myrrh", Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible, CRC Press, pp. 126–128
Jump up ^ Noted by Dalby 2002, ibid.
Jump up ^ Dalby 2000.
^ Jump up to: a b c Jehuda Feliks (2007), "Bdellium", Encyclopaedia Judaica, 3 (2nd ed.), Thomson Gale, p. 234
Jump up ^ Joseph Needham et al., Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 5 (Cambridge University Press) 1974, §33.Alchemy and Chemistry, p. 142f and note g.
Jump up ^ Miller, Spice Trade, p. 71.
Jump up ^ The Etymologies of Isidore of Seville. Translated by Barney, Stephen A.; Lewis, W. J.; Beach, J. A.; Berghof, O. (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. 2006. pp. 348–349. ISBN 978-0-511-21969-6. . Isidore's encyclopedia assembled facts from classical sources.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bdellium&oldid=811032632"
Categories:
Incense material
Perfume ingredients
Resins
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Deutsch
Español
فارسی
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
Latina
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Русский
Tagalog
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 November 2017, at 03:04.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Latin_language
mw-redirect
Latin language

values:
/wiki/Aria_(satrapy)
mw-redirect
Aria (satrapy)

values:
/wiki/De_Materia_Medica_(Dioscorides)
mw-redirect
De Materia Medica (Dioscorides)

values:
/wiki/Hebrew_(language)
mw-redirect
Hebrew (language)

values:
/wiki/Saadiah_Gaon
mw-redirect
Saadiah Gaon

values:
/wiki/Gum_benzoin
mw-redirect
Gum benzoin

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: lower-alpha;

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.5507%2Fbp.2005.001

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16170385

values: -moz-column-width: 33em; -webkit-column-width: 33em; column-width: 33em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Bdellium
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Bdellium&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdellium
Bdellium – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdellium
Bdellium – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedolah
Bedolah – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdellio
Bdellio – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdellium
Bdellium – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guggul
Guggul – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bdelium
Bdelium – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values: Бдолах (смола) – Russian

values:
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedelyo
Bedelyo – Tagalog
tl
tl
interlanguage-link-target

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Bdellium rootpage-Bdellium skin-vector action-view