text:
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ)
Current logo
Formation
April 30, 1921; 97 years ago (1921-04-30)
Type
Port district
Headquarters
4 World Trade Center, 150 Greenwich Street
Manhattan, New York City, New York, U.S. 10007
Region served
Port of New York and New Jersey
Official language
English
Executive Director
Rick Cotton
Website
www.panynj.gov
An old Port Authority logo from the 2000s
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) is a joint venture between the United States, New York and New Jersey, established in 1921 through an interstate compact authorized by the United States Congress. The Port Authority oversees much of the regional transportation infrastructure, including bridges, tunnels, airports, and seaports, within the geographical jurisdiction of the Port of New York and New Jersey. This 1,500-square-mile (3,900 km2) port district is generally encompassed within a 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty National Monument.[1] The Port Authority is headquartered at 4 World Trade Center and is a member of the Real Estate Board of New York.[2]
The Port Authority operates the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal, which handled the third-largest volume of shipping among all ports in the United States in 2004 and the largest on the Eastern Seaboard.[3] The Port Authority also operates Hudson River crossings, including the Holland Tunnel, Lincoln Tunnel, and George Washington Bridge connecting New Jersey with Manhattan, and three crossings that connect New Jersey with Staten Island. The Port Authority Bus Terminal and the PATH rail system are also run by the Port Authority, as well as LaGuardia Airport, John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, Teterboro Airport, Stewart International Airport and Atlantic City International Airport. The agency has its own 1,700-member Port Authority Police Department.[4]
Contents
1 History
1.1 Previous disputes
1.2 Interstate crossings
1.3 Austin J. Tobin era
1.3.1 Airport expansion
1.3.2 World Trade Center
1.4 September 11 attacks
1.5 Fort Lee lane closure scandal
1.6 Caren Turner scandal
2 Governance
2.1 List of Executive Directors
3 Facilities
3.1 Seaports
3.2 Airports
3.3 Heliports
3.4 Bridges and tunnels
3.5 Bus and rail transit
3.6 Real estate
3.7 Current and future projects
3.7.1 World Trade Center
3.7.2 Airports
4 Law enforcement
5 See also
6 References
6.1 Notes
6.2 Further reading
7 External links
History[edit]
Tolls collected at the Holland Tunnel and other crossings help fund the Port Authority
The Port of New York and New Jersey comprised the main point of embarkation for U.S. troops and supplies sent to Europe during World War I, via the New York Port of Embarkation. The congestion at the port led experts to realize the need for a port authority to supervise the extremely complex system of bridges, highways, subways, and port facilities in the New York-New Jersey area. The solution was the 1921 creation of the Port Authority under the supervision of the governors of the two states. By issuing its own bonds, it was financially independent of either state; the bonds were paid off from tolls and fees, not from taxes. It became one of the major agencies of the metropolitan area for large-scale projects.[5]
Previous disputes[edit]
In the early years of the 20th century, there were disputes between the states of New Jersey and New York over rail freights and boundaries. At the time, rail lines terminated on the New Jersey side of the harbor, while ocean shipping was centered on Manhattan and Brooklyn. Freight had to be shipped across the Hudson River in barges.[6] In 1916, New Jersey launched a lawsuit against New York over issues of rail freight, with the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) issuing an order that the two states work together, subordinating their own interests to the public interest.[7] The Harbor Development Commission, a joint advisory board set-up in 1917, recommended that a bi-state authority be established to oversee efficient economic development of the port district.[8] The Port of New York Authority was established on April 30, 1921,[9] through an interstate compact between the states of New Jersey and New York. This was the first such agency in the United States, created under a provision in the Constitution of the United States permitting interstate compacts.[1][10] The idea for the Port Authority was conceived during the Progressive Era, which aimed at the reduction of political corruption and at increasing the efficiency of government. With the Port Authority at a distance from political pressures, it was able to carry longer-term infrastructure projects irrespective of the election cycles and in a more efficient manner.[11] In 1972 it was renamed the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to better reflect its status as a partnership between the two states.[9]
Throughout its history, there have been concerns about democratic accountability, or lack thereof at the Port Authority.[11] The Port District is irregularly shaped but comprises a 1,500-square-mile (3,900 km2) area roughly within a 25-mile (40 km) radius of the Statue of Liberty.
Interstate crossings[edit]
George Washington Bridge
John F. Kennedy International Airport
111 Eighth Avenue, formerly the Inland Terminal Number One, in Manhattan (now owned by Google)
At the beginning of the 20th century, there were no road bridge or tunnel crossings between the two states. The initial tunnel crossings were completed privately by the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad in 1908 and 1909 ("Hudson Tubes"), followed by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1910 ("North River Tunnels"). Under an independent agency, the Holland Tunnel was opened in 1927, with some planning and construction pre-dating the Port Authority. With the rise in automobile traffic, there was demand for more Hudson River crossings. Using its ability to issue bonds and collect revenue, the Port Authority has built and managed major infrastructure projects. Early projects included bridges across the Arthur Kill, which separates Staten Island from New Jersey.[9] The Goethals Bridge, named after chief engineer of the Panama Canal Commission General George Washington Goethals, connected Elizabeth, New Jersey and Howland Hook, Staten Island. At the south end of Arthur Kill, the Outerbridge Crossing was built and named after the Port Authority's first chairman, Eugenius Harvey Outerbridge.[12] Construction of both bridges was completed in 1928. The Bayonne Bridge, opened in 1931, was built across the Kill van Kull, connecting Staten Island with Bayonne, New Jersey.[13]
Construction began in 1927 on the George Washington Bridge, linking the northern part of Manhattan with Fort Lee, New Jersey, with Port Authority chief engineer, Othmar Ammann, overseeing the project.[9] The bridge was completed in October 1931, ahead of schedule and well under the estimated costs. This efficiency exhibited by the Port Authority impressed President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who used this as a model in creating the Tennessee Valley Authority and other such entities.[11]
In 1930, the Holland Tunnel was placed under control of the Port Authority, providing significant toll revenues.[13] During the late 1930s and early 1940s, the Lincoln Tunnel was built, connecting New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan.
In 1962, the bankrupt Hudson & Manhattan Railroad was absorbed by the Port Authority, who reorganized it as Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) As part of the deal, the Port Authority acquired the rights to build the original World Trade Center on the site of the old Hudson Terminal, one of two terminals in Manhattan for H&M/PATH.
Austin J. Tobin era[edit]
Airport expansion[edit]
In 1942, Austin J. Tobin became the Executive Director of the Port Authority. In the post-World War II period, the Port Authority expanded its operations to include airports, and marine terminals, with projects including Newark Liberty International Airport and Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminals. Meanwhile, the city-owned La Guardia Field was nearing capacity in 1939, and needed expensive upgrades and expansion. At the time, airports were operated as loss leaders, and the city was having difficulties maintaining the status quo, losing money and unable to undertake needed expansions.[14] The city was looking to hand the airports over to a public authority, possibly to Robert Moses' Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority. After long negotiations with the City of New York, a 50-year lease, commencing on May 31, 1947, went to the Port Authority of New York to rehabilitate, develop, and operate La Guardia Airport (La Guardia Field), John F. Kennedy International Airport (Idlewild Airport), and Floyd Bennett Field.[9][15] The Port Authority transformed the airports into fee-generating facilities, adding stores and restaurants.[14]
World Trade Center[edit]
David Rockefeller, president of Chase Manhattan Bank, who envisioned a World Trade Center for lower Manhattan, realizing he needed public funding in order to construct the massive project, approached Tobin. Although many questioned the Port Authority's entry into the real estate market, Tobin saw the project as a way to enhance the agency's power and prestige, and agreed to the project. The Port Authority was the overseer of the World Trade Center, hiring the architect Minoru Yamasaki and engineer Leslie Robertson.
Yamasaki ultimately settled on the idea of twin towers. To meet the Port Authority's requirement to build 10 million square feet (930,000 m²) of office space, the towers would each be 110 stories tall. The size of the project raised ire from the owner of the Empire State Building, which would lose its title of tallest building in the world.[13] Other critics objected to the idea of this much "subsidized" office space going on the open market, competing with the private sector. Others questioned the cost of the project, which in 1966 had risen to $575 million.[13] Final negotiations between The City of New York and the Port Authority centered on tax issues. A final agreement was made that the Port Authority would make annual payments in lieu of taxes, for the 40% of the World Trade Center leased to private tenants. The remaining space was to be occupied by state and federal government agencies. In 1962, the Port Authority signed the United States Customs Service as a tenant, and in 1964 they inked a deal with the State of New York to locate government offices at the World Trade Center.[citation needed]
In August 1968, construction on the World Trade Center's north tower started, with construction on the south tower beginning in January 1969.[16] When the World Trade Center twin towers were completed, the total cost to the Port Authority had reached $900 million.[17] The buildings were dedicated on April 4, 1973, with Tobin, who had retired the year before, absent from the ceremonies.[18]
In 1986, the Port Authority sold rights to the World Trade Center name for $10 to an organization run by an outgoing executive, Guy F. Tozzoli. He in turn made millions of dollars selling the use of the name in up to 28 different states.[19]
After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, the Port Authority was sued by survivors of the attack for negligence in not making security upgrades to known flaws that could have prevented the attack. The Port Authority was ruled to be negligent.[20]
September 11 attacks[edit]
The PANYNJ had its headquarters in 1 World Trade Center (North Tower) (left)
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent collapse of the World Trade Center buildings impacted the Port Authority. With the Port Authority's headquarters located in 1 World Trade Center, it became deprived of a base of operations and sustained a great number of casualties. An estimated 1,400 Port Authority employees worked in the World Trade Center.[21] Eighty-four employees, including 37 Port Authority police officers, its Executive Director, Neil D. Levin, and police superintendent, Fred V. Morrone, died.[22] In rescue efforts following the collapse, two Port Authority police officers, John McLoughlin and Will Jimeno, were pulled out alive after spending nearly 24 hours beneath 30 feet (9.1 m) of rubble.[23][24] Their rescue was later portrayed in the Oliver Stone film World Trade Center.
Fort Lee lane closure scandal[edit]
Main article: Fort Lee lane closure scandal
The Fort Lee lane closure scandal was a U.S. political scandal that concerns New Jersey Governor Chris Christie's staff and his Port Authority political appointees conspiring to create a traffic jam in Fort Lee, New Jersey as political retribution, and their attempts to cover up these actions and suppress internal and public disclosures. Dedicated toll lanes for one of the Fort Lee entrances (used by local traffic from Fort Lee and surrounding communities) to the upper level on the George Washington Bridge, which connects to Manhattan, were reduced from three to one from September 9–13, 2013. The toll lane closures caused massive Fort Lee traffic back-ups, which affected public safety due to extensive delays by police and emergency service providers and disrupted schools due to the delayed arrivals of students and teachers. Two Port Authority officials (who were appointed by Christie and would later resign) claimed that reallocating two of the toll lanes from the local Fort Lee entrance to the major highways was due to a traffic study evaluating "traffic safety patterns" at the bridge, but the Executive Director of the Port Authority was unaware of a traffic study.[25][26][27]
As of March 2014[update], the repercussions and controversy surrounding these actions continue to be under investigation by the Port Authority, federal prosecutors, and a New Jersey legislature committee. The Port Authority's chairman, David Samson, who was appointed by Governor Christie, resigned on March 28, 2014 amid allegations of his involvement in the scandal and other controversies.[28]
Caren Turner scandal[edit]
In April 2018, Caren Turner resigned from the Board of Commissioners after an ethics investigation revealed that her attempt to intervene in a traffic stop for her daughter included what the Port Authority described as "profoundly disturbing" conduct. New Jersey police released videotape of her attempting to leverage her position at the Port Authority to intimidate police officers,[29][30] following a routine traffic stop of a vehicle in which her adult daughter was a passenger.[31][32] Her case was referred to New Jersey's Ethics Commission.[33]
Governance[edit]
The Port Authority is jointly controlled by the governors of New York and New Jersey, who appoint the members of the agency's Board of Commissioners and retain the right to veto the actions of the Commissioners from his or her own state.[34] Each governor appoints six members to the Board of Commissioners, who are subject to state senate confirmation and serve overlapping six-year terms without pay.[1] An Executive Director is appointed by the Board of Commissioners to deal with day-to-day operations and to execute the Port Authority's policies. Under an informal power-sharing agreement, the Governor of New Jersey chooses the chairman of the board and the deputy executive director, while the Governor of New York selects the vice-chairman and Executive Director.[35][36]
As of December 2017, the appointed commissioners were as follows:[37]
New Jersey Commissioners
Chairman: Kevin J. O'Toole
Richard H. Bagger
Kevin P. McCabe
Raymond M. Pocino
David S. Steiner
New York Commissioners
Vice Chairman: Jeffrey H. Lynford
Leecia Eve
Daniel J. Horwitz
Gary LaBarbera
George T. McDonald
Rossana Rosado
Meetings of the Board of Commissioners are public. Members of the public may address the Board at these meetings, subject to a prior registration process via email.[38] Public records of the Port Authority may be requested via the Office of the Secretary according to an internal Freedom of Information policy which is intended to be consistent with and similar to the state Freedom of Information policies of both New York and New Jersey.[39]
Members of the Board of Commissioners are typically business titans and political power brokers who maintain close relationships with their respective governors. On February 3, 2011, former New Jersey Attorney General David Samson was named the new chairman of the Port Authority by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie.[40] Gov. Christie announced Samson's resignation in March 2016, a casualty of investigations into the "Bridgegate" scandal.[41]
Financially, the Port Authority has no power to tax and does not receive tax money from any local or state governments. Instead, it operates on the revenues it makes from its rents, tolls, fees, and facilities.[42]
Patrick J. Foye became Executive Director on November 1, 2011. Prior to joining the Port Authority, he served as Deputy Secretary for Economic Development for Governor Andrew M. Cuomo.[43] In November 2016, Foye announced he would step down, though stay at the agency for 120 days to transition to new leadership.
List of Executive Directors[edit]
Journal Square Transportation Center
John E. Ramsey (CEO 1926–1930, General Manager 1930–1942)[44]
Austin J. Tobin (1942–1972)[44]
Matthias Lukens (acting, 1972–1973)[45]
A. Gerdes Kuhbach (1973–1977; acting 1973–August 1974)[45]
Peter C. Goldmark, Jr. (1977–1985)[44][46]
Patrick J. Falvey (acting, 1985)
Stephen Berger (1986–1990)[44]
Stanley Brezenoff (1990–1995)[44][47]
George Marlin (1995–1997)[44]
Robert E. Boyle (1997–2001)
Neil D. Levin (March 2001–September 11, 2001)
Ronald H. Shiftan (September 11, 2001 – December 31, 2001)
Joseph J. Seymour (2002–2004)
Kenneth J. Ringler, Jr.[48] (2004–2006)
Anthony Shorris (2006–2008)
Christopher O. Ward (2008–2011)
Patrick J. Foye (2011–2017)
Rick Cotton (2017–Present)
Facilities[edit]
The PANYNJ handles the third largest amount of American shipping, in tonnage, with only Houston and South Louisiana handling more.[3]
Part of the A.P. Moller Container terminal at Port Elizabeth
AirTrain Newark at Newark Liberty International Airport
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey manages and maintains infrastructure critical to the New York/New Jersey region’s trade and transportation network—five of the region’s airports, the New York/New Jersey seaport, the PATH rail transit system, six tunnels and bridges between New York and New Jersey, the Port Authority Bus Terminal and George Washington Bridge Bus Station in Manhattan and The World Trade Center site.[49]
Seaports[edit]
Main article: Port of New York and New Jersey
The Port of New York and New Jersey is the largest port complex on the East Coast of North America. As of 2004, Port Authority seaports handle the third largest amount of shipping of all U.S. ports, as measured in tonnage.[3]
The Port Authority operates the following seaports:[49]
Port Jersey Marine Terminal in Bayonne and Jersey City
Brooklyn Port Authority Marine Terminal comprising the Brooklyn Piers and Red Hook Container Terminal in Red Hook, Brooklyn
Howland Hook Marine Terminal on Staten Island.
Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in Newark and Elizabeth, the first in the nation to containerize,.[50]
The Port Authority operates the ExpressRail rail services within the seaport area, including dockside trackage and railyards for transloading. It interchanges with Conrail Shared Assets Operations (CRCX) on the Chemical Coast Secondary, Norfolk Southern (NS), CSX Transportation (CSX), and Canadian Pacific (CP).[51][52] From January through October 2014 the system handled 391,596 rail lifts.[53] As of 2014, three ExpressRail systems (Elizabeth, Newark, Staten Island) were in operation with the construction of a fourth at Port Jersey underway.
The Port Authority operates New York New Jersey Rail, LLC (NYNJ), a switching and terminal railroad operating a car float operation across Upper New York Bay between the Greenville Yard in Jersey City and Brooklyn.
Airports[edit]
The Port Authority operates the following airports:[49]
Atlantic City International Airport, (Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey) (performs select management duties)
John F. Kennedy International Airport (Queens, New York)
LaGuardia Airport (Queens, New York)
Newark Liberty International Airport (Newark and Elizabeth, New Jersey)
Stewart International Airport, (Newburgh, New York)
Teterboro Airport (Teterboro, New Jersey)
Both Kennedy and LaGuardia airports are owned by the City of New York and leased to the Port Authority for operating purposes. Newark Liberty is owned by the cities of Elizabeth and Newark and also leased to the Authority. In 2007, Stewart International Airport, owned by the State of New York, was leased to the Port Authority. The Port Authority officially took over select management functions of the Atlantic City International Airport on July 1, 2013, in conjunction with the South Jersey Transportation Authority, which leases the airport site from the FAA.[54][55]
JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark Liberty as a whole form the largest airport system in the United States, second in the world in terms of passenger traffic, and first in the world by total flight operations, with JFK being the 19th busiest in the world and the 6th busiest in the U.S.
Heliports[edit]
The Authority operated the Downtown Manhattan Heliport (Manhattan, New York) until the lease expired in August 2007[56] but continued to operate it until the next leasee took over. The Authority had operated the other heliports in Manhattan but gave up leases for all of them over the years.
Bridges and tunnels[edit]
Other facilities managed by the Port Authority include the George Washington Bridge, the Lincoln Tunnel, and the Holland Tunnel, which all connect Manhattan and Northern New Jersey, and the Goethals Bridge, the Bayonne Bridge, and the Outerbridge Crossing, which connect Staten Island and New Jersey.[49]
Bus and rail transit[edit]
A PATH train bound for the World Trade Center
The Port Authority operates the PATH rapid transit system linking lower and midtown Manhattan with New Jersey, the AirTrain Newark system linking Newark International Airport with NJ Transit and Amtrak via a station on the Northeast Corridor rail line, and the AirTrain JFK system linking JFK with Howard Beach (subway) and Jamaica (subway and Long Island Rail Road).[49]
Major bus depots include the Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd Street, the George Washington Bridge Bus Station, and the Journal Square Transportation Center in Jersey City.[49]
The PANYNJ is major stakeholder in the Gateway Program, which will upgrade the Northeast Corridor.
Real estate[edit]
The Port Authority also participates in joint development ventures around the region, including the Teleport business park on Staten Island, Bathgate Industrial Park in the Bronx, the Industrial Park at Elizabeth, the Essex County Resource Recovery Facility, Newark Legal Center, Queens West in Long Island City, and the South Waterfront in Hoboken.[49] However, by April 2015, the agency was considering divesting itself of the properties to raise run and return to core mission of supporting transportation infrastructure.[57]
Current and future projects[edit]
The newly constructed World Trade Center in 2013.
Inside of the World Trade Center Transportation Hub.
World Trade Center[edit]
Major projects by the Port Authority include the One World Trade Center and other construction at the World Trade Center site. Other projects include a new passenger terminal at JFK International Airport, and redevelopment of Newark Liberty International Airport's Terminal B, and replacement of the Goethals Bridge.[58] The Port Authority also has plans to buy 340 new PATH cars and begin major expansion of Stewart International Airport.[58]
As owner of the World Trade Center site, the Port Authority has worked since 2001 on plans for reconstruction of the site, along with Silverstein Properties, and the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation. In 2006, the Port Authority reached a deal with Larry Silverstein, which ceded control of One World Trade Center to the Port Authority.[59] The deal gave Silverstein rights to build three towers along the eastern side of the site, including 150 Greenwich Street, 175 Greenwich Street, and 200 Greenwich Street.[59] Also part of the plans was the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, which opened in March 2016 and replaced the temporary PATH station that opened in November 2003.[60]
Airports[edit]
The Port Authority is in the process of building a new terminal at Newark Airport to replace current Terminal A, which is expected to be completed by 2022.[61] The new terminal started construction in June 2017 and will open in 2022.[62] The PATH's Newark–World Trade Center train route is planned to be extended from its current terminus at Newark Penn Station to a new Newark Liberty International Airport Station. Construction on the PATH extension is planned to start in 2020, with completion projected for 2026.[63][64]
Another Port Authority project involves redeveloping LaGuardia Airport, replacing three existing terminals with a single terminal.[65] Terminal B would be demolished and terminals C and D would be merged.[66][67] Some 2 miles (3.2 km) of additional taxiways are to be built, and transportation around the terminals would be reorganized.[65] As part of the reconstruction, the AirTrain LGA people mover system would be built between the airport and Willets Point, Queens, where there would be connections to the Mets–Willets Point station on the Long Island Rail Road and the Mets–Willets Point station on the New York City Subway.[68] The redevelopment is expected to cost $7.6 billion in total. Construction started in 2016, and the first part of the new terminal is expected to open in 2021, with completion in 2026. The AirTrain would start construction in 2020 and be completed by 2022.[69]
The Port Authority is also planning to redevelop John F. Kennedy International Airport, replacing four existing terminals with two new terminals at a cost of $11 billion. Roadway access, as well as train capacity on the AirTrain JFK, would be expanded.[70][71][72] If the plan is approved, construction is expected to begin in 2020. Under the plan, the first gates would open in 2023, and the project would be complete in 2025.[73][74]
Law enforcement[edit]
Main article: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department
The Port Authority has its own police department. The department currently employs approximately 4,000 police officers and supervisors who have full police status in New York and New Jersey.[75]
See also[edit]
111 Eighth Avenue, formerly known as the Commerce Building of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Mass transit in New York City
Port authority
Transportation in New York City
Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor
List of ports in the United States
New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings (OATH), for hearings conducted on summonses for NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission rules and regulations violations
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "2002 Annual Report" (PDF). PANY. 2003.
Jump up ^ Member Firms
^ Jump up to: a b c "Tonnage for Selected U.S. Ports in 2004". U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Navigation Data Center. Archived from the original on June 14, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Port Authority Announces Police Promotions". PANYNJ. November 6, 2003. Archived from the original on July 29, 2009.
Jump up ^ Thomas C. Cochran, "The City's Business," in "Allan Nevins and John A. Krout, eds. The Greater City New York 1898-1948 (1948)
Jump up ^ Rodrigue, Jean Paul (2004). "Chapter 4, Appropriate models of port governance Lessons from the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey". Shipping and Ports in the Twenty-first Century. Routledge.
Jump up ^ Darton, Eric (1999). "Chapter 1". Divided We Stand: A Biography of New York's World Trade Center. Basic Books.
Jump up ^ Revell, Keith D. (2000). "Cooperation, Capture, and Autonomy: The Interstate Commerce Commission and the Port Authority in the 1920s". Journal of Policy History. 12 (2): 177–214. doi:10.1353/jph.2000.0014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "History of the Port Authority". PANY. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved September 30, 2006.
Jump up ^ Broun, Caroline N.; Buenger, Michael L.; McCabe, Michael H.; Masters, Richard L. (2006). The evolving use and the changing role of interstate compacts: a practitioner's guide (Google books preview). Chicago: American Bar Association. p. 368. ISBN 1-59031-643-6. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Doig, Jameson W. (2001). "Chapter 1". Empire on the Hudson. Columbia University Press.
Jump up ^ "E. H. Outerbridge, Port Expert, Dies. Head Of Export And Import Firm And Ex-Chairman Of Port Of New York Authority. Aided Major Harbor. Comprehensive Development Started in His Term Of Office twice. Chamber Of Commerce Head". The New York Times. November 11, 1932. p. 19. Retrieved March 9, 2008. Eugenius H. Outerbridge, head of the firm of Harvey Outerbridge and former chairman of the Port of New York Authority, died yesterday in the New York ...
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gillespie, Angus K. (1999). "Chapter 1". Twin Towers: The Life of New York City's World Trade Center. Rutgers University Press.
^ Jump up to: a b Lander, Brad (August 2002). "Land Use". Gotham Gazette. Retrieved October 3, 2006.
Jump up ^ "NAME OF IDLEWILD TO BE CITY AIRPORT; Cullman Proposes the Change and O'Dwyer Promises His Aid in Making Shift ADDED PRESTIGE OBJECT Port Authority Head Turns Over to Mayor the Releases From 17 Old Contracts". The New York Times. May 30, 1947. p. 23. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Timeline: World Trade Center chronology". PBS – American Experience. Retrieved September 30, 2006.
Jump up ^ Cudahy, Brian J. (2002), Rails Under the Mighty Hudson (2nd ed.), New York: Fordham University Press, p. 56, ISBN 978-0-82890-257-1, OCLC 911046235
Jump up ^ Darton, Eric (1999). "Chapter 6". Divided We Stand: A Biography of New York's World Trade Center. Basic Books.
Jump up ^ "NY probes rights sale of World Trade Center name". Associated Press. October 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ Hartocollis, Anemona (October 27, 2005). "Port Authority Found Negligent in 1993 Bombing". The New York Times. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kifner, John; Waldman, Amy (September 12, 2001). "A DAY OF TERROR: THE VICTIMS; Companies Scrambling to Find Those Who Survived, and Didn't". The New York Times. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ "2002 Annual Report" (PDF). PANYNJ. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009.
Jump up ^ Murphy, Dean E. (September 12, 2001). "A DAY OF TERROR: THE HOPES; Survivors Are Found In the Rubble". The New York Times. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Filkins, Dexter (September 13, 2001). "AFTER THE ATTACKS: ALIVE; Entombed for a Day, Then Found". The New York Times. Retrieved July 18, 2010.
Jump up ^ Mann, Ted (September 17, 2013). "Bridge Jam's Cause a Mystery". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Baxter, Christopher. "UPDATED: Timeline of Port Authority's George Washington Bridge controversy". The Star-Ledger. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Benen, Steve (December 16, 2013). "A Bridge to Somewhere". msnbc.com. MSNBC. Retrieved December 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Santora, Marc (March 28, 2014). "Port Authority Chairman Resigns, Christie Announces". The New York Times. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Video shows Port Authority official who abruptly resigned cursing at officers". CBS News. Retrieved April 26, 2018. Turner said. "You may shut the f--- up and not tell me when I may take my kid and her friends, who are Ph.D. students from MIT and Yale.
Jump up ^ Ted Sherman (April 25, 2018). "Who is Caren Turner and why did she become the focus of a viral dashcam video?". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved April 26, 2018. She dropped the F-bomb. She belittled police officers. And she flashed her Port Authority commissioner's badge.
Jump up ^ Ted Sherman (April 23, 2018). "Port Authority cites 'profoundly disturbing' conduct in resignation of commissioner". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Video shows Port Authority commissioner telling cops: 'You may shut the f--- up!'". NJ.com. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ted Sherman (April 27, 2018). "New video of Caren Turner at Tenafly police station surfaces. This time she didn't drop names". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved May 3, 2018. The matter was also referred to the state Ethics Commission.
Jump up ^ "Governance – Corporate Information – Port Authority of New York and New Jersey". The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Port Authority Loses Its Way". The New York Times. February 17, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Christie probe report urges Port Authority revamp". The Wall Street Journal. March 27, 2014. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved March 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey – Board of Commissioners". Panynj.gov. Retrieved August 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Board Information – Public Reporting – Corporate Information – Port Authority of New York & New Jersey". Panynj.gov. Archived from the original on July 28, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2013. Retrieved March 16, 2012. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ Namako, Tom (February 4, 2011). "PA Gets New Chairman". NY Post. Retrieved February 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ Zernike, Kate (March 28, 2016). "Port Authority Official Is Out Amid Scandal Over Shut Lanes". NY Times. Retrieved November 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Governance". Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Archived from the original on July 14, 2008. Retrieved September 28, 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey – Leadership". Panynj.gov. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved August 8, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Doig, Jameson W. (2001). Empire on the Hudson. Columbia University Press. p. xiii.
^ Jump up to: a b Danielson, Jameson W. Doig, Michael N. (1982). New York, the Politics of Urban Regional Development. University of California Press. p. 247.
Jump up ^ Danielson, Jameson W. Doig, Michael N. (1982). New York, the Politics of Urban Regional Development. University of California Press. p. 240.
Jump up ^ "De Blasio Appoints Flurry of Progressives". WNYC. December 31, 2013. Retrieved February 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kenneth J. Ringler, Jr". North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority, Inc. Archived from the original on February 23, 2006. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Facilities and Services". Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved February 10, 2014.
Jump up ^ Doig, Jameson W. (2001). "Epilogue". Empire on the Hudson. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231501255.
Jump up ^ "Local Rail" (PDF). PANYNJ. Retrieved December 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Port Authority ExpressRail System". PANYNJ. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Loaded Containers in TEUs and Total ExpressRail Lifts by Month". PANYNJ. October 2014. Retrieved December 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ Port Authority To Take Over Operations of AC International Airport (Retrieved NJTV New Jersey Public Television)
Jump up ^ Port Authority gains approval to run Atlantic City International Airport (Retrieved Press of Atlantic City)
Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/28/nyregion/28heli.html
Jump up ^ 8 properties the Port Authority hopes to turn into billions of dollars | NJ.com
^ Jump up to: a b "2005 Annual Report" (PDF). PANYNJ. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 30, 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Marsico, Ron (September 22, 2006). "Deal puts Freedom Tower in P.A. control". The Star-Ledger. Newark.
Jump up ^ "New York City's $4 billion World Trade Center Transportation Hub is finally open to the public — take a look inside". Business Insider. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
Jump up ^ "Newark airport getting new $2.7 billion terminal". The Washington Post. October 10, 2018. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Yi, Karen (February 27, 2018). "Newark Airport's $2.7B terminal overhaul will make flying easier for millions". NJ.com. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ PANYNJ Proposed Capital Plan 2017–2026, page 38 January 11, 2017
Jump up ^ "What's the Plan for PATH Service to Newark Liberty Airport? – NJ Spotlight". www.njspotlight.com. Retrieved October 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Tishman, Dan; et al. (July 27, 2015). A 21st Century Airport for the State of New York: The New LaGuardia (PDF Governor's Office) (Report). Airport Advisory Panel, The State of New York. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Plitt, Amy (June 14, 2016). "New looks at LaGuardia Airport's $4B, '21st-century' revamp". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Governor's Press Office (July 27, 2015). "Governor Cuomo Unveils Vision For Transformative Redesign of LaGuardia Airport" (Press release). Albany, New York: New York State. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (January 20, 2015). "Cuomo Wants Elevated Train Link Built to Ill-Served La Guardia Airport". nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stabile, Tom (July 10, 2018). "LaGuardia Shoehorns $8B Megaproject At Busy Site". Engineering News-Record. Retrieved October 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "New looks at JFK Airport's forthcoming $13B overhaul". Curbed NY. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Cuomo's $13 Billion Solution to the Mess That Is J.F.K. Airport". The New York Times. October 4, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Cuomo: JFK Airport renovation includes central hub, 2 new terminals". Newsday. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Governor Cuomo Announces $13 Billion Plan to Transform JFK Into a World-Class 21st Century Airport". governor.ny.gov. Government of New York. October 4, 2018. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Rivoli, Dan. "Kennedy Airport to get $13 billion renovation and two new terminals". New York Daily News. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ About – Port Authority Police – Port Authority of NY &amp NJ. Panynj.gov (September 11, 2001). Retrieved on 2014-06-23.
Further reading[edit]
Ballon, Hilary, Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York (NY: Norton, 2007).
Betts, Mary Beth. The New York waterfront: evolution and building culture of the port and harbor. (Ed. Kevin Bone. Monacelli Press, 1997)
Doig, Jameson W. Empire on the Hudson: Entrepreneurial vision and political power at the Port of New York Authority (Columbia University Press, 2013)
Doig, Jameson W. "Regional conflict in the New York metropolis: the legend of Robert Moses and the power of the Port Authority." Urban Studies 27.2 (1990): 201-232.
Doig, Jameson W. "Expertise, Politics, and Technological Change The Search for Mission at the Port of New York Authority." Journal of the American Planning Association 59.1 (1993): 31-44.
Jackson, Kenneth T. and Hillary Ballon, eds. Robert Moses and the Modern City: The Transformation of New York (W. W. Norton, 2007)
The Special Panel on the Future of the Port Authority for The Governors of New York and New Jersey (December 26, 2014). Keeping the region moving (PDF) (Report). PANYNJ.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.
Official website
The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in the New York Codes, Rules and Regulations
History of the Port Authority
1921 Map of Port Authority
show
Links to related articles
show
v
t
e
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Seaports
Howland Hook
Port Jersey
Port Newark–Elizabeth
Red Hook
Airports
Atlantic City
Kennedy
LaGuardia
Newark Liberty
Stewart
Teterboro
Downtown Manhattan Heliport
Bridges and tunnels
Bayonne Bridge
George Washington Bridge
Goethals Bridge
Holland Tunnel
Lincoln Tunnel
Outerbridge Crossing
Rail
Passenger
AirTrain JFK
AirTrain LaGuardia (proposed)
AirTrain Newark
Gateway Project (proposed)
Newark Airport Station
PATH
Freight
Greenville Yard
ExpressRail
NYNJ Rail
Bus stations
GWB Bus Station
Journal Square Transportation Center
Port Authority Bus Terminal
Roadways
Dyer Avenue
Lincoln Tunnel Helix
Holland Tunnel Rotary
George Washington Bridge Plaza
JFK Expressway
Lincoln Tunnel Expressway
Trans-Manhattan Expressway
Other
178th–179th Street Tunnels
Bathgate Industrial Park
Battery Park City Ferry Terminal
Essex County Resource Recovery Facility
Four World Trade Center
Lincoln Tunnel XBL
Military Ocean Terminal at Bayonne (MOTBY)
Newark Legal Center
North Bergen Park and Ride
Police Department
South Waterfront, Hoboken
Teleport
Queens West
World Trade Center (2001–present)
Historical
111 Eighth Avenue
Hudson Terminal
World Trade Center (1973–2001)
show
v
t
e
PATH
Services
NWK–WTC
HOB–WTC
HOB–33
JSQ–33
JSQ–33 via HOB (nights, weekends, and holidays)
Stations
Exchange Place
Grove Street
Harrison
Hoboken
Journal Square
Newark
Newport
Christopher Street
9th Street
14th Street
23rd Street
33rd Street
World Trade Center
Infrastructure
Dock Bridge
Downtown Hudson Tubes
PATH Lift Bridge
Uptown Hudson Tubes
Historical
Centre Street Bridge
Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Powerhouse
Hudson Terminal
Manhattan Transfer
Park Place
Related
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
SmartLink
show
v
t
e
World Trade Center (New York City)
First WTC
(1973–2001)
Construction
Towers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Windows on the World
Mall
The Bathtub
Tenants
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Art
Bent Propeller
The Sphere
The World Trade Center Tapestry
World Trade Center Plaza Sculpture
Ideogram
Sky Gate, New York
Major events
February 13, 1975 fire
February 26, 1993 bombing
January 14, 1998 robbery
September 11, 2001 attacks
Collapse
Timeline
Victims
Aftermath
Rescue and recovery effort
Deutsche Bank Building
St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church
Second WTC
(2001–present)
Site, towers,
and structures
One
Construction
2
3
4
7
Performing Arts Center
Vehicular Security Center
Liberty Park
St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church
Westfield Mall
Artwork (ONE: Union of the Senses)
Rapid transit
PATH stations
Transportation Hub
New York City Subway stations
Chambers Street–WTC/Park Place (2, 3, A, C, and E trains)
Cortlandt Street (N, R, and W trains)
WTC Cortlandt (1 train)
Fulton Street (2, 3, 4, 5, A, C, J, and Z trains)
Fulton Center
Corbin Building
Dey Street Passageway
9/11 memorials
9/11 Tribute Museum
National September 11 Memorial & Museum
Competition
Memory Foundations
Tribute in Light
America's Response Monument
Empty Sky
Relics from original WTC
The Sphere
Cross
Survivors' Staircase
People
Minoru Yamasaki
Emery Roth & Sons
Larry Silverstein
Austin J. Tobin
David Childs
Michael Arad
THINK Team
Daniel Libeskind
Leslie E. Robertson
Other
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Silverstein Properties
Park51
Project Rebirth
Take Back The Memorial
West Street pedestrian bridges
In popular culture
Film
Music
9/11-related media
Featuring One WTC
Silver dollar
10048 ZIP code
Former: IFC
Former: Twin Towers 2
Brookfield Place
Brookfield Place
200 Liberty Street
225 Liberty Street
200 Vesey Street
250 Vesey Street
Winter Garden Atrium
New York Mercantile Exchange
show
v
t
e
Bridges and tunnels in New York City
Vehicular
Bridges
Alexander Hamilton
Bayonne
Broadway
Brooklyn
Bronx–Whitestone
City Island
Cross Bay
Grand Street
George Washington
Goethals
Greenpoint Avenue
Henry Hudson
High
Joseph P. Addabbo
Kosciuszko
Macombs Dam
Madison Avenue
Manhattan
Mill Basin
Marine Parkway
Outerbridge
Park Avenue Viaduct
Pelham
Pulaski
Queensboro (Ed Koch)
Rikers Island
Triborough (Robert F. Kennedy)
Roosevelt Island
Third Avenue
Throgs Neck
University Heights
Verrazzano-Narrows
Washington
Williamsburg
Willis Avenue
145th Street
Tunnels
Battery Park
Holland
Brooklyn–Battery (Hugh L. Carey)
Lincoln
Queens–Midtown
Park Avenue
Railroad
and Subway
Bridges
Arthur Kill
Broadway
Hell Gate
Manhattan
Park Avenue Bridge
Pelham Bay
Spuyten Duyvil
Williamsburg
Tunnels
14th Street
53rd Street
60th Street
63rd Street
149th Street
Clark Street
Concourse
Cranberry Street
Downtown Hudson Tubes
East River
Freedom
Joralemon Street
Lexington Avenue
Montague Street
North River
Park Avenue
Rutgers Street
Steinway
Uptown Hudson Tubes
Operators
Amtrak
NYC Department of Transportation (NYCDOT)
NYS Department of Transportation (NYSDOT)
MTA Bridges and Tunnels
MTA New York City Subway
Port Authority
PATH Train
show
v
t
e
Hudson County Transportation Network
Intermodal hubs
Bergenline Station
Exchange Place
Hoboken Terminal
Journal Square
Newark Penn Station
Port Authority Bus Terminal
Weehawken Port Imperial
World Trade Center
Train
Hoboken Terminal
Hudson–Bergen Light Rail
Meadowlands Rail Line
Port Authority Trans-Hudson
Secaucus Junction
Bus
A&C Bus
Coach USA
Dollar van
GWB Plaza
New Jersey Transit routes 1-89
New Jersey Transit routes to Manhattan, Bergen, and Passaic
Nungessers
OurBus
Spanish Transportation
Ferry
Hoboken Terminal
Liberty Water Taxi
New York Waterway
Paulus Hook Ferry Terminal
Statue Cruises
Weehawken Port Imperial
Airports
Essex County
Linden
John F. Kennedy
LaGuardia
Newark Liberty
Teterboro
Vehicular bridges
and tunnels
Bayonne Bridge
Holland Tunnel
Lincoln Highway
Lincoln Tunnel
Newark Bay Bridge
New Jersey Route 3
Pulaski Skyway
Wittpenn Bridge
Passenger seaports
Cape Liberty Cruise Port
Brooklyn Cruise Terminal
New York Passenger Ship Terminal
Major thoroughfares
Belleville Turnpike
Boulevard East
Jersey City-Newark Turnpike
Kennedy Boulevard
Paterson Plank Road
River Road
Schuyler Avenue
Tonnele Avenue
14th Street Viaduct
Highways
Interstate 78
Interstate 95
New Jersey Turnpike
Pulaski Skyway
U.S. Route 1/9 Truck
Route 3
Route 139
Route 440
Route 495
Proposed
Gateway Project
Northern Branch Corridor Project
Journal Square-Bayonne BRT
show
v
t
e
Transportation in New York City
Public transit
AirTrain JFK
Long Island Rail Road
Metro-North Railroad
MTA Regional Bus Operations
Select Bus Service
Bus lanes
New York City Subway
NJ Transit
NYC Ferry
PATH
Roosevelt Island Tramway
Staten Island Ferry
Staten Island Railway
Private transit
Aviation
Bridges and tunnels
Bicycling
Citi Bike
Dollar vans
Taxis
Boro taxi
Major construction
projects
Currently operating
7 Subway Extension
Fulton Center
Second Avenue Subway
History
World Trade Center Transportation Hub
Canceled
Access to the Region's Core
Lower Manhattan–Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project
Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway
Program for Action
Staten Island Tunnel
Proposed/Future
AirTrain LaGuardia
Brooklyn–Queens Connector
East Side Access
Gateway Program
Moynihan Station
Penn Station Access
Staten Island light rail
Traffic proposals
Congestion pricing in New York City
PlaNYC
Vision Zero
Operators
Public
Current
NYC Department of Transportation
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
New York City Transit Authority
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Defunct
Board of Transportation
Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company
Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation
Independent Subway System
Interborough Rapid Transit Company
Private
Hornblower Cruises
Liberty Water Taxi
New York Water Taxi
NY Waterway
Roosevelt Island Operating Corporation
Organizations
Regional Plan Association
Straphangers Campaign
Transportation Alternatives
Tri-State Transportation Campaign
Other
History
Mass Transit Super Bowl
Port of New York and New Jersey
See also: Category • Commons category
Authority control
GND: 274520-3
ISNI: 0000 0000 8867 6056
PIC: 3911
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey&oldid=864228058"
Categories:
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Intermodal transportation authorities in New York (state)
Intermodal transportation authorities in New Jersey
Ports and harbors of New York (state)
Ports and harbors of New Jersey
Public benefit corporations in New York (state)
New Jersey law
New York (state) law
United States interstate agencies
Airport operators of the United States
Bridges in New Jersey
Bridges in New York (state)
1921 establishments in New Jersey
1921 establishments in New York (state)
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Archived copy as title
Good articles
Use mdy dates from December 2017
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2009
Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2014
All articles containing potentially dated statements
Pages using New York City Subway service templates
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers
Wikipedia articles with PIC identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Ænglisc
Català
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Français
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Bahasa Melayu
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Polski
Português
Русский
Suomi
Svenska
Türkçe
中文
12 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 15 October 2018, at 22:47 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: This is a good article. Follow the link for more information.

attrs: href title

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: p

value: caption

attrs: href class

attrs: colspan style

value: th

attrs: scope style

value: span

values:
/wiki/Port_district
mw-redirect
Port district

values:
nofollow
http://www.panynj.gov/
external text

values:
/wiki/Compact_Clause
mw-redirect
Compact Clause

values:
/wiki/Port_Authority_Trans-Hudson
mw-redirect
Port Authority Trans-Hudson

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Police Department

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States
mw-redirect
Constitution of the United States

values:
/wiki/Hudson_and_Manhattan_Railroad
mw-redirect
Hudson and Manhattan Railroad

values:
/wiki/Howland_Hook,_Staten_Island
mw-redirect
Howland Hook, Staten Island

values:
/wiki/Kill_van_Kull
mw-redirect
Kill van Kull

values:
/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973-2001)
mw-redirect
World Trade Center (1973-2001)

values:
/wiki/Public_benefit_corporation
mw-redirect
Public benefit corporation

values:
/wiki/La_Guardia_Airport
mw-redirect
La Guardia Airport

values:
/wiki/Chase_Manhattan_Bank
mw-redirect
Chase Manhattan Bank

values:
/wiki/Leslie_Robertson
mw-redirect
Leslie Robertson

values:
/wiki/New_York_State
mw-redirect
New York State

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values: List of tenants in One World Trade Center

values:
/wiki/Neil_D._Levin
mw-redirect
Neil D. Levin

values:
/wiki/Will_Jimeno
mw-redirect
Will Jimeno

values: Edit section: Fort Lee lane closure scandal

values: plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update

values:
/wiki/David_Samson_(New_Jersey)
mw-redirect
David Samson (New Jersey)

values: width: 45%;text-align: left; vertical-align: top;

values:
/wiki/Patrick_Foye
mw-redirect
Patrick Foye

values:
/wiki/Governor_Andrew_M._Cuomo
mw-redirect
Governor Andrew M. Cuomo

values: Edit section: List of Executive Directors

values:
/wiki/Peter_C._Goldmark,_Jr.
mw-redirect
Peter C. Goldmark, Jr.

values:
/wiki/A.P._Moller
mw-redirect
A.P. Moller

values:
/wiki/Port_Jersey_Marine_Terminal
mw-redirect
Port Jersey Marine Terminal

values:
/wiki/Norfolk_Southern
mw-redirect
Norfolk Southern

values:
/wiki/Canadian_Pacific
mw-redirect
Canadian Pacific

values:
/wiki/New_York_New_Jersey_Rail,_LLC
mw-redirect
New York New Jersey Rail, LLC

values:
/wiki/State_of_New_York
mw-redirect
State of New York

values:
/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(PATH_station)
mw-redirect
World Trade Center (PATH station)

values:
/wiki/Newark_International_Airport
mw-redirect
Newark International Airport

values: Newark Liberty International Airport (NJT station)

values: Howard Beach – JFK Airport (IND Rockaway Line)

values:
/wiki/Jamaica_(LIRR_station)
mw-redirect
Jamaica (LIRR station)

values: Sutphin Boulevard – Archer Avenue – JFK Airport (Archer Avenue Lines)

values: Edit section: Current and future projects

values:
/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(2001-present)
mw-redirect
World Trade Center (2001-present)

values:
/wiki/Silverstein_Properties_Inc.
mw-redirect
Silverstein Properties Inc.

values:
/wiki/150_Greenwich_Street
mw-redirect
150 Greenwich Street

values:
/wiki/175_Greenwich_Street
mw-redirect
175 Greenwich Street

values:
/wiki/200_Greenwich_Street
mw-redirect
200 Greenwich Street

values: Newark Liberty International Airport Station

values:
/wiki/AirTrain_LGA
mw-redirect
AirTrain LGA

values:
/wiki/Mass_transit_in_New_York_City
mw-redirect
Mass transit in New York City

values: Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor

values: New York City Office of Administrative Trials and Hearings

values: New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1353%2Fjph.2000.0014

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/911046235

values: Category:CS1 maint: Archived copy as title

values:
/wiki/Government_of_New_York
mw-redirect
Government of New York

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values: commons:Category:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Holland_Tunnel_Rotary
mw-redirect
Holland Tunnel Rotary

values:
/wiki/Four_World_Trade_Center
mw-redirect
Four World Trade Center

values:
/wiki/Lincoln_Tunnel_XBL
mw-redirect
Lincoln Tunnel XBL

values:
/wiki/North_Bergen_Park_and_Ride
mw-redirect
North Bergen Park and Ride

values:
/wiki/South_Waterfront,_Hoboken
mw-redirect
South Waterfront, Hoboken

values:
/wiki/Teleport,_Staten_Island
mw-redirect
Teleport, Staten Island

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: background-color:#ef3941; color:black; border:1px solid #000000; text-align:center;

values: background-color:#009e58; color:black; border:1px solid #000000; text-align:center;

values: background-color:#0082c6; color:black; border:1px solid #000000; text-align:center;

values: background-color:#fdb827; color:black; border:1px solid #000000; text-align:center;

values: Journal Square–33rd Street (via Hoboken)

values: A gray and blue PATH train travels along an elevated track.

values:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Centre_Street_Bridge_(Newark)
mw-redirect
Centre Street Bridge (Newark)

values: Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Powerhouse

values:
/wiki/Park_Place_station_(H%26M)
mw-redirect
Park Place station (H&M)

values: Lists of tenants in the World Trade Center (1973–2001)

values: List of tenants in Six World Trade Center

values: Artwork damaged or destroyed in the September 11 attacks

values: Rescue and recovery effort after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center

values: Chambers Street–World Trade Center/Park Place (New York City Subway)

values: WTC Cortlandt (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)

values: Memorials and services for the September 11 attacks

values: World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition

values:
/wiki/Emery_Roth_%26_Sons
mw-redirect
Emery Roth & Sons

values: List of songs about the September 11 attacks

values: List of cultural references to the September 11 attacks

values: One World Trade Center in popular culture

values:
/wiki/10048_(ZIP_code)
mw-redirect
10048 (ZIP code)

values: List of bridges and tunnels in New York City

values:
/wiki/Grand_Street_Bridge
mw-redirect
Grand Street Bridge

values:
/wiki/Mill_Basin_Drawbridge
mw-redirect
Mill Basin Drawbridge

values: Marine Parkway–Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge

values:
/wiki/14th_Street_Tunnel
mw-redirect
14th Street Tunnel

values:
/wiki/53rd_Street_Tunnel
mw-redirect
53rd Street Tunnel

values:
/wiki/149th_Street_Tunnel
mw-redirect
149th Street Tunnel

values:
/wiki/Clark_Street_Tunnel
mw-redirect
Clark Street Tunnel

values:
/wiki/Concourse_Tunnel
mw-redirect
Concourse Tunnel

values:
/wiki/Cranberry_Street_Tunnel
mw-redirect
Cranberry Street Tunnel

values:
/wiki/Lexington_Avenue_Tunnel
mw-redirect
Lexington Avenue Tunnel

values:
/wiki/Rutgers_Street_Tunnel
mw-redirect
Rutgers Street Tunnel

values: New York City Department of Transportation

values: New York State Department of Transportation

values: Template:Hudson County Transportation Network

values: Template talk:Hudson County Transportation Network

values:
/wiki/Bergenline_Avenue_(HBLR_station)
mw-redirect
Bergenline Avenue (HBLR station)

values: List of New Jersey Transit bus routes (1–99)

values: List of New Jersey Transit bus routes (100–199)

values:
/wiki/New_York_Waterway
mw-redirect
New York Waterway

values:
/wiki/Paulus_Hook_Ferry_Terminal
mw-redirect
Paulus Hook Ferry Terminal

values:
/wiki/Statue_Cruises
mw-redirect
Statue Cruises

values: Aviation in the New York metropolitan area

values: List of bridges, tunnels, and cuts in Hudson County, New Jersey

values: List of county routes in Hudson County, New Jersey

values:
/wiki/Gateway_Project
mw-redirect
Gateway Project

values:
/wiki/Journal_Square-Bayonne_BRT
mw-redirect
Journal Square-Bayonne BRT

values: Template:Transportation in New York City

values: Template talk:Transportation in New York City

values: Dollar vans in the New York metropolitan area

values: Lower Manhattan–Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project

values: Proposed expansion of the New York City Subway

values:
/wiki/Moynihan_Station
mw-redirect
Moynihan Station

values: History of transportation in New York City

values: Category:Transportation in New York City

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/274520-3

values:
nofollow
external text
http://isni.org/isni/0000000088676056

values:
nofollow
external text
https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/3911

values: Category:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey

values: Category:Intermodal transportation authorities in New York (state)

values: Category:Intermodal transportation authorities in New Jersey

values: Category:Ports and harbors of New York (state)

values: Category:Ports and harbors of New Jersey

values: Category:Public benefit corporations in New York (state)

values: Category:United States interstate agencies

values: Category:Airport operators of the United States

values: Category:1921 establishments in New Jersey

values: Category:1921 establishments in New York (state)

values: Category:Use mdy dates from December 2017

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2009

values: Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from March 2014

values: Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements

values: Category:Pages using New York City Subway service templates

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with ISNI identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with PIC identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Old English

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ang
display: none;

values: Autoritat Portuària de Nova York i Nova Jersey – Catalan

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Danish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – German

values: Autoridad Portuaria de Nueva York y Nueva Jersey – Spanish

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – French

values: 뉴욕 뉴저지 항만공사 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Indonesian

values: Autorità Portuale di New York e New Jersey – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: רשות הנמלים של ניו יורק וניו ג'רזי – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: Lembaga Pelabuhan New York dan New Jersey – Malay

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Dutch

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: ニューヨーク・ニュージャージー港湾公社 – Japanese

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Norwegian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Polish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Autoridade Portuária de Nova York e Nova Jersey – Portuguese

values: Портовое управление Нью-Йорка и Нью-Джерси – Russian

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Finnish

values: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey – Swedish

values: New York ve New Jersey Liman İdaresi – Turkish

values: 紐約與新澤西港口事務管理局 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey rootpage-Port_Authority_of_New_York_and_New_Jersey skin-vector action-view


text:
Gang Beasts
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Gang Beasts
Storefront logo of Gang Beasts
Developer(s)
Boneloaf
Publisher(s)
Double Fine Presents
Engine
Unity
Platform(s)
Microsoft Windows
macOS
Linux
PlayStation 4
Release
WW: 12 December 2017
Genre(s)
Beat 'em up, party
Mode(s)
Single-player, multiplayer
Gang Beasts is a multiplayer beat 'em up party game developed by British indie studio Boneloaf and published by Double Fine Presents.[1] The game released for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, and PlayStation 4 on 12 December 2017, following an early access period for the PC platforms that began in August 2014.[2][3]
Contents
1 Gameplay
2 Reception
3 References
4 External links
Gameplay[edit]
Gang Beasts is a multiplayer beat 'em up party game with gelatinous characters, melee fight sequences, and hazardous environments, set in the fictional metropolis of Beef City. At initial release it contained 8 multiplayer stages. The core gameplay involves using various physical abilities such as punching or kicking an opponent until they are knocked out, and then attempting to toss them over one of the stage hazards. Opponents that have been knocked down are not completely defenseless however, as they can fight back to be released.[4]
Reception[edit]
This section needs expansion with: specific snippets from the sources and separate each source per WP:OVERCITE. You can help by adding to it. (August 2017)
Reception
Aggregate score
Aggregator
Score
Metacritic PS4: 67/100[5]
Review scores
Publication
Score
Destructoid 6/10[6]
PC Gamer (US) 64/100[7]
Hardcore Gamer 4/5[8]
Shacknews 6/10[9]
Already in its freeware alpha state, as well as upon Steam Early Access release, the game was met with positive response from critics and fans.[10][11][12][13][14][15]
Outside of early access, Gang Beasts received mixed reviews from critics on both the PC and PlayStation 4 versions of the game. On Metacritic, the game holds a score of 67/100 for the PlayStation 4 version based on 8 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[5]
The game was nominated for "Excellence in Multiplayer" at the 2018 SXSW Gaming Awards,[16][17] and for "Multiplayer" at the 14th British Academy Games Awards.[18][19]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Rice, Greg (18 August 2014). "Double Fine Presents: Gang Beasts". Double Fine Productions. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gang Beasts FAQ". Gang Beasts. Retrieved 23 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Spafford, James (28 November 2017). "Hilarious multiplayer brawler Gang Beasts gets a confirmed PS4 release date". PlayStation Blog Europe. Retrieved 28 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Smith, Graham (3 May 2016). "Gang Beasts Grapples With Online Multiplayer Beta". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Gamer Network. Retrieved 1 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Gang Beasts for PlayStation 4 Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Moyse, Chris (20 December 2017). "Review: Gang Beasts". Destructoid. Enthusiast Gaming. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Schilling, Chris (21 December 2017). "Gang Beasts review". PC Gamer. Future US. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Robertson, Tyler (19 December 2017). "Review: Gang Beasts". Hardcore Gamer. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Mejia, Ozzie (18 December 2017). "Gang Beasts Review: Royal Fumble". Shacknews. Gamerhub Content Network. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Bramwell, Tom (10 September 2014). "Gang Beasts Early Access review". Eurogamer. Gamer Network. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Smith, Adam (4 April 2014). "Hands On: Gang Beasts". Rock, Paper, Shotgun. Gamer Network. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Labbe, Mark (31 August 2015). "PAX Prime 2015: Gang Beasts Hands-On Preview – Goofy Brawler". PlayStation LifeStyle. CraveOnline. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Stuart, Keith (21 July 2014). "Gang Beasts – probably the funniest fighting game ever made". The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Conditt, Jessica (19 August 2014). "Burn, crush your jelly pals in Gang Beasts from Double Fine". Engadget. AOL Tech. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Hansen, Steve (2 September 2014). "Gang Beasts out on Steam, fight your friends like a drunk on skates". Destructoid. Enthusiast Gaming. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
Jump up ^ McNeill, Andrew (31 January 2018). "Here Are Your 2018 SXSW Gaming Awards Finalists!". SXSW. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
Jump up ^ IGN Studios (17 March 2018). "2018 SXSW Gaming Awards Winners Revealed". IGN. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
Jump up ^ deAlessandri, Marie (15 March 2018). "Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice at forefront of BAFTA Games Awards nominations". The Market for Computer & Video Games. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Makedonski, Brett (12 April 2018). "BAFTA names What Remains of Edith Finch its best game of 2017". Destructoid. Enthusiast Gaming. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
hide
v
t
e
Double Fine Productions
Games
Psychonauts
Psychonauts
Psychonauts in the Rhombus of Ruin
Psychonauts 2
Costume Quest
Costume Quest
Costume Quest 2
Happy Action
Double Fine Happy Action Theater
Kinect Party
Amnesia Fortnight
Amnesia Fortnight 2012
Amnesia Fortnight 2014
Amnesia Fortnight 2017
Stand-alone titles
Brütal Legend
Stacking
Iron Brigade
Sesame Street: Once Upon a Monster
The Cave
Dropchord
Broken Age
Hack 'n' Slash
Spacebase DF-9
Massive Chalice
Headlander
Free and freemium
Epic Saga: Extreme Fighter
My Game About Me: Olympic Challenge
Tasha's Game
Host Master and the Conquest of Humor
Middle Manager of Justice
Host Master Deux: Quest for Identity
Related
Tim Schafer
LucasArts adventure games
2 Player Productions
Double Fine Comics

This beat 'em up video game article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
This party video game article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gang_Beasts&oldid=852754094"
Categories:
Double Fine Productions
Linux games
MacOS games
Party video games
PlayStation 4 games
PlayStation VR games
Unity (game engine) games
2017 video games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Windows games
Early access video games
3D beat 'em ups
Beat 'em up stubs
Party video game stubs
Hidden categories:
Use dmy dates from December 2015
Articles using Infobox video game using locally defined parameters
Articles using Wikidata infoboxes with locally defined images
Articles to be expanded from August 2017
All articles to be expanded
Articles using small message boxes
Articles using Video game reviews template in single platform mode
Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
All stub articles
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Français
Italiano
Русский
Edit links
This page was last edited on 31 July 2018, at 03:49 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

value: i

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: td

values:
/wiki/Double_Fine_Presents
mw-redirect
Double Fine Presents

values: width:22em;float: right; width: 22em; font-size: 90%; text-align: left; border-spacing: 3px;

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values: plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content

values: background:transparent;padding:0em;margin:0em 1em 1em 1em;text-align:center;float:right;clear:right;width:23em

values:
nofollow
http://gangbeasts.game/faq/
external text

values:
/wiki/Guardian_News_and_Media
mw-redirect
Guardian News and Media

values:
nofollow
external text
http://gangbeasts.game

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;

values:
metadata plainlinks stub
presentation
background:transparent

values:
/wiki/Party_video_game
mw-redirect
Party video game

values: Category:Video games developed in the United Kingdom

values: Category:Use dmy dates from December 2015

values: Category:Articles using Infobox video game using locally defined parameters

values: Category:Articles using Wikidata infoboxes with locally defined images

values: Category:Articles to be expanded from August 2017

values: Category:Articles using small message boxes

values: Category:Articles using Video game reviews template in single platform mode

values: Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Gang_Beasts
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Gang_Beasts rootpage-Gang_Beasts skin-vector action-view


text:
White Bird (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"White Bird"
Original 1969 single cover
Single by It's a Beautiful Day
from the album It's a Beautiful Day
B-side
"Wasted Union Blues"
Released
October 4, 1969
Format
45-rpm record
Recorded
1969
Genre
Psychedelic rock[1]
Length
3:02
Label
Columbia (4-44928)
Songwriter(s)
David LaFlamme, Linda LaFlamme
Producer(s)
Matthew Katz, David LaFlamme
It's a Beautiful Day singles chronology
"Bulgaria"
(1968) "White Bird"
(1969) "Soapstone Mountain"
(1970)
Audio sample
file
help
Music video
"White Bird" (live) on YouTube
"White Bird" is a 1969 song by San Francisco rock group It's a Beautiful Day, written by David LaFlamme and his then wife Linda LaFlamme (née Neska).
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and arrangement
2 Release and reception
3 Legacy
4 References
Background and arrangement[edit]
"White Bird" was written in December 1967, in Seattle, Washington. Manager Matthew Katz had moved the band there to polish their act at a small Seattle ballroom before booking them into San Francisco nightclubs. Living in the attic of a Victorian house across the street from Volunteer Park, the band had inadequate food and no transportation during a dreary Seattle winter. The song evolved from the depression of the band's circumstances and yearning to be free.[2] The song's repeated chorus is, "White bird must fly or she will die."[3]
In a later interview, LaFlamme said:
Where the 'white bird' thing came from ... We were like caged birds in that attic. We had no money, no transportation, the weather was miserable. We were just barely getting by on a very small food allowance provided to us. It was quite an experience, but it was very creative in a way.[4]
The song was arranged and produced by LaFlamme and sung as a duet between him and group member Patti Santos. A prominent stylistic feature of the song's original arrangement are multiple violin parts overdubbed by LaFlamme.
Release and reception[edit]
It was first released on the band's 1969 eponymous debut album It's a Beautiful Day by Columbia Records.
The song quickly became the band's signature tune and a staple of FM Album-oriented rock radio.[5] The album rose to Number 47 on the Billboard 200 album chart.[6] Following the popularity of the album track a single version was edited and remixed for radio play, with a running time of 3:02, and released on October 4, 1969.[7] It rose to as high as Number 3 the week of October 18, 1969 on San Francisco radio station KYA.[8] The single never reached a wide national audience and only made it to Number 118 on Billboard's Bubbling Under the Hot 100 chart.[9]
A nearly 10-minute-long version also appeared on the 1972 live album It's a Beautiful Day at Carnegie Hall. It later appeared on nine compilation albums and four more retrospective albums.[5]
Legacy[edit]
The 1982 television series Knight Rider featured the song in an episode named for the song during the first season. The song was also used in the soundtrack of A Walk on the Moon, a 1999 American drama about a married woman's infidelity, including Woodstock Music Festival scenes.
In 2001 Vanessa-Mae released a version of the song that reached Number 66 on the UK Singles Chart. The song featured in the soundtrack of Uncharted Waters, the 2013 documentary about the life of surfer Wayne Lynch. The song was also used in Adult World, a 2013 American film comedy starring Emma Roberts, Evan Peters, and John Cusack.[10] Recently, the song was used in the 2015 film Focus, starring Will Smith and Margot Robbie and in the premiere PBS-TV episode of "Prime Suspect: Tennison" on Masterpiece.

Patti Santos, who shared the lead vocal with David LaFlamme, died at age 40, in a 1989 automobile accident.[11]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Vorel, Jim (June 23, 2014). "10 Great Folky Covers of Pop, Rock & Rap Songs". Paste. Retrieved July 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sam Carlson (July 8, 2010). "It's a Beautiful Day - Seattle/San Francisco (Late 60's)". Pnwbands.com. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "It'S A Beautiful Day - White Bird Lyrics". Songlyrics.com. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "It's A Beautiful Day". pnwbands.com. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Song Review by Richie Unterberger (1971-07-01). "White Bird - It's a Beautiful Day | Song Info". AllMusic. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Biography by Jason Ankeny (1941-04-05). "It's a Beautiful Day | Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved September 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "It's A Beautiful Day - White Bird [Mono] / White Bird [Stereo] - Columbia - USA - 4-44928". 45cat. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Blecha, Peter (April 10, 2009). "the Free Online Encyclopedia of Washington State History". HistoryLink.org. Retrieved December 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-11-03. Retrieved 2013-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Adult World (2013) - Soundtracks". IMDb.com.
Jump up ^ "It's A Beautiful Day Discography". Archived from the original on November 2, 2013. Retrieved October 31, 2013.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Bird_(song)&oldid=800630348"
Categories:
1969 singles
1969 songs
Columbia Records singles
Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Ελληνικά
Edit links
This page was last edited on 14 September 2017, at 18:52.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/45-rpm_record
mw-redirect
45-rpm record

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;

values: width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;

values: background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse;

values: position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 110px; right: 0px; bottom: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px;

values: left: 50%; top: 50%; margin-left: -35px; margin-top: -27.5px;

values:
mwPlayerContainer k-player videoHolder
width: 220px; position: relative;

values:
hlist hlist-separated
font-size: smaller

values: Edit section: Background and arrangement

values:
/wiki/Bubbling_Under_the_Hot_100
mw-redirect
Bubbling Under the Hot 100

values: List of Knight Rider (1982 TV series) episodes

values: Uncharted Waters (movie) (page does not exist)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.45cat.com/record/444928us

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/White_Bird_(song)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-White_Bird_song rootpage-White_Bird_song vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view