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2018 Little League World Series results
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Main article: 2018 Little League World Series
The results of the 2018 Little League World Series were determined between August 16 and August 26, 2018 in South Williamsport, Pennsylvania. 16 teams were divided into two groups, one with eight teams from the United States and another with eight international teams, with both groups playing a modified double-elimination tournament. In each group, the last remaining undefeated team faced the last remaining team with one loss, with the winners of those games advancing to play for the Little League World Series championship.[1]
Contents
1 Double-elimination stage
1.1 United States
1.1.1 Winner's bracket
1.1.1.1 Game 2: New York 5, Iowa 2
1.1.1.2 Game 4: Texas 3, Rhode Island 1
1.1.1.3 Game 6: Michigan 5, Idaho 4
1.1.1.4 Game 8: Hawaii 2, Georgia 0
1.1.1.5 Game 14: New York 2, Texas 1
1.1.1.6 Game 16: Hawaii 8, Michigan 3
1.1.1.7 Game 24: Hawaii 10, New York 0
1.1.2 Loser's bracket
1.1.2.1 Game 10: Iowa 9, Rhode Island 5
1.1.2.2 Game 12: Georgia 3, Idaho 0
1.1.2.3 Game 18: Michigan 5, Iowa 4
1.1.2.4 Game 20: Georgia 7, Texas 6
1.1.2.5 Game 22: Georgia 4, Michigan 3
1.1.2.6 Game 26: Georgia 7, New York 3
1.2 International
1.2.1 Winner's bracket
1.2.1.1 Game 1: South Korea 4, Puerto Rico 2
1.2.1.2 Game 3: Mexico 3, Australia 2
1.2.1.3 Game 5: Japan 11, Spain 1
1.2.1.4 Game 7: Panama 8, Canada 3
1.2.1.5 Game 13: South Korea 5, Mexico 1
1.2.1.6 Game 15: Japan 4, Panama 2
1.2.1.7 Game 23: South Korea 10, Japan 0
1.2.2 Loser's bracket
1.2.2.1 Game 9: Puerto Rico 6, Australia 0
1.2.2.2 Game 11: Canada 2, Spain 1
1.2.2.3 Game 17: Puerto Rico 3, Panama 1
1.2.2.4 Game 19: Canada 6, Mexico 4
1.2.2.5 Game 21: Puerto Rico 9, Canada 4
1.2.2.6 Game 25: Japan 1, Puerto Rico 0
1.3 Consolation games
1.3.1 Game A: Rhode Island 15, Australia 0
1.3.2 Game B: Idaho 5, Spain 0
2 Single-elimination stage
2.1 International championship: South Korea 2, Japan 1
2.2 United States championship: Hawaii 3, Georgia 0
2.3 Third place game: Japan 8, Georgia 2
2.4 World championship game: Hawaii 3, South Korea 0
3 References
4 External links
Double-elimination
United States
Winner's bracket
IA 2
NY 5◄
Linescore TX 3◄
RI 1
Linescore ID 4
MI 5◄
Linescore GA 0 (F/11)
HI 2◄
Linescore TX 1
NY 2◄
Linescore MI 3
HI 8◄
Linescore NY 0 (F/5)
HI 10◄
Linescore
Loser's bracket
IA 9◄
RI 5
Linescore GA 3◄
ID 0
Linescore IA 4
MI 5◄
Linescore TX 6 (F/9)
GA 7◄
Linescore MI 3
GA 4◄
Linescore NY 3
GA 7◄
Linescore
International
Winner's bracket
KOR 4◄
PUR 2 (F/9)
Linescore AUS 2
MEX 3◄
Linescore ESP 1 (F/5)
JPN 11◄
Linescore PAN 8◄
CAN 3
Linescore KOR 5◄
MEX 1
Linescore PAN 2
JPN 4◄
Linescore JPN 0 (F/4)
KOR 10◄
Linescore
Loser's bracket
PUR 6◄
AUS 0
Linescore ESP 1 (F/10)
CAN 2◄
Linescore PAN 1
PUR 3◄
Linescore CAN 6◄
MEX 4
Linescore PUR 9◄
CAN 4
Linescore JPN 1◄
PUR 0
Linescore
Consolation games
Rhode Island 15◄
Australia 0 (F/4)
Linescore Idaho 5◄
Spain 0
Linescore
Single-elimination
International championship
Japan 1
South Korea 2◄
Linescore
United States championship
Georgia 0
Hawaii 3◄
Linescore
Third place game
Georgia 2
Japan 8◄
Linescore
World championship game
South Korea 0
Hawaii 3◄
Linescore
Double-elimination stage[edit]
United States[edit]
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August 16 – Game 2
New York 5
August 19 – Game 14
Iowa 2
New York 2
August 16 – Game 4
Texas 1
Rhode Island 1
August 22 – Game 24 (F/5)
Texas 3
New York 0
August 17 – Game 6
Hawaii 10
Michigan 5
August 19 – Game 16
Idaho 4
Michigan 3
August 17 – Game 8 (F/11)
Hawaii 8
Georgia 0
Hawaii 2
August 25 – U.S. championship
Hawaii 3
August 18 – Game 10
Georgia 0
Iowa 9
August 20 – Game 18
Rhode Island 5
Michigan 5
Iowa 4
August 22 – Game 22
Michigan 3
August 18 – Game 12
Georgia 4
Idaho 0
August 20 – Game 20 (F/9)
Georgia 3
Texas 6
Georgia 7
August 23 – Game 26
New York 3
Georgia 7
Winner's bracket[edit]
Game 2: New York 5, Iowa 2[edit]
August 16 3:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Iowa 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 4 3
New York ◄ 1 0 1 2 1 X 5 5 0
WP: Gregory Bruno (1–0) LP: Brody Watson (0–1) Sv: Derek Mendez (1)
Boxscore
Game 4: Texas 3, Rhode Island 1[edit]
August 16 7:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Texas ◄ 0 0 2 0 0 1 3 6 1
Rhode Island 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1
WP: Carter Pitts (1–0) LP: Tommy Turner (0–1) Sv: Ryan Selvaggi (1)
Boxscore
Game 6: Michigan 5, Idaho 4[edit]
August 17 4:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Idaho 0 3 1 0 0 0 4 6 3
Michigan ◄ 0 0 0 0 1 4 5 8 2
WP: Preston Barr (1–0) LP: Braeden Newby (0–1)
Boxscore
Game 8: Hawaii 2, Georgia 0[edit]
August 17 8:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
R
H
E
Georgia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 2
Hawaii ◄ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 8 0
WP: Sean Yamaguchi (1–0) LP: Ben Traxler (0–1)
Home runs:
GA: None
HI: Aukai Kea (1)
Boxscore
Game 14: New York 2, Texas 1[edit]
August 19 11:00 am EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Texas 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 0
New York ◄ 0 0 2 0 0 X 2 3 0
WP: Gregory Bruno (2–0) LP: Ryan Selvaggi (0–1) Sv: Chris Bedford (1)
Boxscore
Game 16: Hawaii 8, Michigan 3[edit]
August 19 2:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Michigan 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 5 3
Hawaii ◄ 0 6 2 0 0 X 8 5 2
WP: Ka'olu Holt (1–0) LP: Ryan Knaebel (0–1)
Boxscore
Game 24: Hawaii 10, New York 0[edit]
August 22 7:30 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
New York 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 1 3
Hawaii ◄ 2 5 2 0 1 – 10 7 0
WP: Aukai Kea (1–0) LP: Chris Bedford (0–1)
Home runs:
NY: None
HI: Sean Yamaguchi (1)
Notes: Completed early due to mercy rule.
Boxscore
Loser's bracket[edit]
Game 10: Iowa 9, Rhode Island 5[edit]
August 18 3:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Iowa ◄ 2 0 2 4 0 1 9 8 2
Rhode Island 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 6 2
WP: Blake Larson (1–0) LP: Logan Lama (0–1)
Notes: Rhode Island is eliminated.
Boxscore
Game 12: Georgia 3, Idaho 0[edit]
August 18 8:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Georgia ◄ 0 1 1 0 0 1 3 10 0
Idaho 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2
WP: Tai Peete (1–0) LP: Braeden Newby (0–2)
Notes: Idaho is eliminated.
Boxscore
Game 18: Michigan 5, Iowa 4[edit]
August 20 3:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Iowa 3 0 1 0 0 0 4 6 2
Michigan ◄ 0 0 0 1 3 1 5 7 3
WP: Preston Barr (2–0) LP: Connor Duong (0–1)
Notes: Iowa is eliminated.
Boxscore
Game 20: Georgia 7, Texas 6[edit]
August 20 8:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E
Texas 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 1 0 6 9 3
Georgia ◄ 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 1 1 7 10 3
WP: Ben Traxler (1–1) LP: Richie Klosek (0–1)
Home runs:
TX: Ryan Selvaggi (1)
GA: Jansen Kenty (1)
Notes: Texas is eliminated.
Boxscore
Game 22: Georgia 4, Michigan 3[edit]
August 22 3:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Michigan 0 2 1 0 0 0 3 4 1
Georgia ◄ 2 2 0 0 0 X 4 6 0
WP: Jansen Kenty (1–0) LP: Brennan Hill (0–1)
Home runs:
MI: Jarren Purify (1), Oliver Service (1)
GA: None
Notes: Michigan is eliminated.
Boxscore
Game 26: Georgia 7, New York 3[edit]
August 23 7:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
New York 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 2
Georgia ◄ 2 2 2 1 0 X 7 8 0
WP: Tai Peete (2–0) LP: Derek Mendez (0–1) Sv: Ben Traxler (1)
Notes: New York is eliminated.
Boxscore
International[edit]
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August 16 – Game 1 (F/9)
Puerto Rico 2
August 19 – Game 13
South Korea 4
South Korea 5
August 16 – Game 3
Mexico 1
Mexico 3
August 22 – Game 23 (F/4)
Australia 2
South Korea 10
August 17 – Game 5 (F/5)
Japan 0
Spain 1
August 19 – Game 15
Japan 11
Japan 4
August 17 – Game 7
Panama 2
Panama 8
Canada 3
August 25 – International championship
South Korea 2
August 18 – Game 9
Japan 1
Puerto Rico 6
August 20 – Game 17
Australia 0
Panama 1
Puerto Rico 3
August 22 – Game 21
Puerto Rico 9
August 18 – Game 11 (F/10)
Canada 4
Spain 1
August 20 – Game 19
Canada 2
Mexico 4
Canada 6
August 23 – Game 25
Japan 1
Puerto Rico 0
Winner's bracket[edit]
Game 1: South Korea 4, Puerto Rico 2[edit]
August 16 1:00 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E
South Korea ◄ 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 4 6 0
Puerto Rico 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 4 1
WP: Ji-Hyung Choi (1–0) LP: Victor Cartagena (0–1) Sv: Jun-Woo Lim (1)
Boxscore
Game 3: Mexico 3, Australia 2[edit]
August 16 5:00 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Australia 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 1
Mexico ◄ 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 6 1
WP: Alberto Gomez (1–0) LP: Jake Calver (0–1)
Home runs:
AUS: Oscar Hyde (1)
MEX: None
Boxscore
Game 5: Japan 11, Spain 1[edit]
August 17 2:00 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Spain 1 0 0 0 0 – 1 5 4
Japan ◄ 0 1 0 2 8 – 11 14 0
WP: Shisei Fujimoto (1–0) LP: Juan Salazar (0–1)
Notes: Completed early due to mercy rule.
Boxscore
Game 7: Panama 8, Canada 3[edit]
August 17 7:10 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Panama ◄ 3 3 0 0 0 2 8 9 0
Canada 1 0 0 0 0 2 3 5 1
WP: Brian Villarreal (1–0) LP: Ian Huang (0–1)
Home runs:
PAN: Adan Sanchez (1)
CAN: None
Boxscore
Game 13: South Korea 5, Mexico 1[edit]
August 19 9:00 am EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
South Korea ◄ 1 0 0 2 0 2 5 5 1
Mexico 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 3 2
WP: Shoo-Hoo Choi (1–0) LP: Alberto Gomez (1–1)
Home runs:
KOR: Ji-Hyung Choi (1)
MEX: None
Boxscore
Game 15: Japan 4, Panama 2[edit]
August 19 1:00 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Panama 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 2 1
Japan ◄ 2 1 0 0 1 X 4 4 0
WP: Shinji Furusawa (1–0) LP: Adan Sanchez (0–1)
Home runs:
PAN: None
JPN: Shisei Fujimoto (1)
Boxscore
Game 23: South Korea 10, Japan 0[edit]
August 22 7:30 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Japan 0 0 0 0 – – 0 1 0
South Korea ◄ 4 2 0 4 – – 10 11 0
WP: Yeong-Hyeon Kim (1–0) LP: Shisei Fujimoto (1–1)
Home runs:
JPN: None
KOR: Ji-Hyung Choi (2)
Notes: Completed early due to mercy rule.
Boxscore
Loser's bracket[edit]
Game 9: Puerto Rico 6, Australia 0[edit]
August 18 2:30 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Puerto Rico ◄ 0 0 3 1 0 2 6 7 1
Australia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
WP: Yadiel Delgado (1–0) LP: Matthew White (0–1) Sv: Luis Diaz (1)
Home runs:
PUR: Eric Rodriguez (1)
AUS: None
Notes: Australia is eliminated.
Boxscore
Game 11: Canada 2, Spain 1[edit]
August 18 6:00 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E
Spain 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 5 1
Canada ◄ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 9 2
WP: Cole Balkovec (1–0) LP: Toni Cortes (0–1)
Home runs:
ESP: Lucas Iriarte (1)
CAN: None
Notes: Spain is eliminated.
Boxscore
Game 17: Puerto Rico 3, Panama 1[edit]
August 20 1:00 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Panama 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
Puerto Rico ◄ 0 0 0 1 2 X 3 3 1
WP: Roberto Joubert (1–0) LP: Arod McKenzie (0–1) Sv: John Lopez (1)
Notes: Panama is eliminated.
Boxscore
Game 19: Canada 6, Mexico 4[edit]
August 20 6:00 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Canada ◄ 2 3 1 0 0 0 6 10 1
Mexico 0 1 3 0 0 0 4 5 0
WP: Ian Huang (1–1) LP: Angel Martinez (0–1) Sv: Nate Colina (1)
Home runs:
CAN: None
MEX: Fernando Lopez (1)
Notes: Mexico is eliminated.
Boxscore
Game 21: Puerto Rico 9, Canada 4[edit]
August 22 3:00 pm EDT
Volunteer Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Puerto Rico ◄ 1 0 4 2 0 2 9 9 3
Canada 1 1 2 0 0 0 4 5 1
WP: Eric Rodriguez (1–0) LP: Jordan Jaramillo (0–1)
Home runs:
PUR: Carlos De Jesus 2 (2)
CAN: None
Notes: Canada is eliminated.
Boxscore
Game 25: Japan 1, Puerto Rico 0[edit]
August 23 3:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Japan ◄ 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 3 0
Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1
WP: Masato Igarashi (1–0) LP: John Lopez (0–1) Sv: Shisei Fujimoto (1)
Notes: Puerto Rico is eliminated.
Boxscore
Consolation games[edit]
Game A: Rhode Island 15, Australia 0[edit]
August 20 11:00 am EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Rhode Island ◄ 1 5 0 9 – – 15 10 1
Australia 0 0 0 0 – – 0 3 5
WP: Will Owens (1–0) LP: Jake Calver (0–2)
Notes: Completed early due to mercy rule.
Boxscore
Game B: Idaho 5, Spain 0[edit]
August 23 11:00 am EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Idaho ◄ 0 0 0 3 2 0 5 8 1
Spain 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1
WP: Christopher Reynolds (1–0) LP: Juan Salazar (0–2)
Boxscore
Single-elimination stage[edit]
International championship: South Korea 2, Japan 1[edit]
August 25 12:30 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Japan 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5 1
South Korea ◄ 2 0 0 0 0 X 2 3 0
WP: Ji-Hyung Choi (2–0) LP: Shisei Fujimoto (1–2) Sv: Yeong-Hyeon Kim (1)
Home runs:
JPN: None
KOR: Ji-Hyung Choi (3)
Notes: Japan is eliminated.
Boxscore
United States championship: Hawaii 3, Georgia 0[edit]
August 25 3:30 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Georgia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1
Hawaii ◄ 0 0 0 1 2 X 3 6 0
WP: Aukai Kea (2–0) LP: Connor Riggs-Soper (0–1)
Notes: Georgia is eliminated.
Boxscore
Third place game: Japan 8, Georgia 2[edit]
August 26 10:00 am EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
Georgia 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 6 2
Japan ◄ 0 7 0 1 0 X 8 9 1
WP: Masato Igarashi (2–0) LP: Chase Fralick (0–1)
Home runs:
GA: None
JPN: Masato Igarashi (1)
Boxscore
World championship game: Hawaii 3, South Korea 0[edit]
August 26 3:00 pm EDT
Howard J. Lamade Stadium
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
R
H
E
South Korea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1
Hawaii ◄ 1 0 2 0 0 X 3 7 0
WP: Ka'olu Holt (2–0) LP: Yeong-Hyeon Kim (1–1)
Home runs:
KOR: None
HI: Mana Lau Kong (1)
Boxscore
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Dates Announced for the 2018 Little League World Series Tournaments". littleleague.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
External links[edit]
Full schedule from littleleague.org
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Voyager Golden Record
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The Voyager Golden Record.
Cover of the Voyager Golden Record.
The golden record's location on Voyager (middle-bottom-left)
The Voyager Golden Records are two phonograph records that were included aboard both Voyager spacecraft launched in 1977.[1] The records contain sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth, and are intended for any intelligent extraterrestrial life form, or for future humans, who may find them. Those records are considered as a sort of a time capsule.
Although neither Voyager spacecraft is heading toward any particular star, Voyager 1 will pass within 1.6 light-years distance of the star Gliese 445, currently in the constellation Camelopardalis, in about 40,000 years.[2]
Carl Sagan noted that "The spacecraft will be encountered and the record played only if there are advanced space-faring civilizations in interstellar space, but the launching of this 'bottle' into the cosmic 'ocean' says something very hopeful about life on this planet." [3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Contents
2.1 Images
3 Playback
4 Manufacturing
5 Journey
6 Depictions in culture
7 Publications
8 Track listing
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Background[edit]
The Voyager 1 probe is currently the farthest human made object from Earth. Voyager 1 has reached interstellar space, the region between stars where the galactic plasma is present.[4] Like their predecessors Pioneer 10 and 11, which featured a simple plaque, both Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 were launched by NASA with a message aboard — a kind of time capsule, intended to communicate to extraterrestrials a story of the world of humans on Earth.[3]
This is a present from a small, distant world, a token of our sounds, our science, our images, our music, our thoughts and our feelings. We are attempting to survive our time so we may live into yours.
—  President Jimmy Carter
Contents[edit]
Main article: Contents of the Voyager Golden Record
The contents of the record were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. The selection of content for the record took almost a year. Sagan and his associates assembled 115 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind, thunder and animals (including the songs of birds and whales). To this they added musical selections from different cultures and eras, spoken greetings in 55 ancient and modern languages, other human sounds, like footsteps and laughter (Sagan's),[1] and printed messages from U.S. president Jimmy Carter and U.N. Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim. The record also includes the inspirational message Per aspera ad astra in Morse code.
A child's greeting in English recorded on the Voyager Golden Record
The collection of images includes many photographs and diagrams both in black and white, and color. The first images are of scientific interest, showing mathematical and physical quantities, the Solar System and its planets, DNA, and human anatomy and reproduction. Care was taken to include not only pictures of humanity, but also some of animals, insects, plants and landscapes. Images of humanity depict a broad range of cultures. These images show food, architecture, and humans in portraits as well as going about their day-to-day lives. Many pictures are annotated with one or more indications of scales of time, size, or mass. Some images contain indications of chemical composition. All measures used on the pictures are defined in the first few images using physical references that are likely to be consistent anywhere in the universe.
The musical selection is also varied, featuring artists such as Bach interpreted by Glenn Gould, Mozart, Beethoven (by Quartetto Italiano), Stravinsky, Azerbaijani folk music by oboe player Kamil Jalilov, Guan Pinghu, Blind Willie Johnson, Chuck Berry, Kesarbai Kerkar and Valya Balkanska, and electronic composer Laurie Spiegel[5]. The inclusion of Berry's "Johnny B. Goode" was controversial, with some claiming that rock music was "adolescent", to which Sagan replied, "There are a lot of adolescents on the planet."[6] The selection of music for the record was completed by a team composed of Carl Sagan as project director, Linda Salzman Sagan, Frank Drake, Ann Druyan as creative director, artist Jon Lomberg, Timothy Ferris as producer, who was an editor for Rolling Stone at the time, and Jimmy Iovine as sound engineer.[6].[7]
The Golden Record also carries an hour long recording of the brainwaves of Ann Druyan.[6] During the recording of the brainwaves, Druyan thought of many topics, including Earth's history, civilizations and the problems they face, and what it was like to fall in love.[8]
After NASA had received criticism over the nudity on the Pioneer plaque (line drawings of a naked man and woman), the agency chose not to allow Sagan and his colleagues to include a photograph of a nude man and woman on the record. Instead, only a silhouette of the couple was included.[9] However, the record does contain "Diagram of vertebrate evolution", by Jon Lomberg, with drawings of an anatomically correct naked male and naked female, showing external organs.[10]
The pulsar map and hydrogen molecule diagram are shared in common with the Pioneer plaque.
The 115 images are encoded in analogue form and composed of 512 vertical lines. The remainder of the record is audio, designed to be played at 16⅔ revolutions per minute.
Jimmy Iovine, who was still early in his career as a music producer, served as sound engineer for the project.[11]
Carl Sagan suggested that The Beatles song "Here Comes the Sun" be included on the record, but the record company EMI, which held the copyrights to the song, declined.[12] However, this has been refuted by Timothy Ferris, who worked on the selection with Sagan; the song was never even considered for inclusion.[11]
In July 2015, NASA uploaded the audio contents of the record to the audio streaming service SoundCloud.[13][14]

Images[edit]
Select images on the Voyager Golden Record
A woman in a supermarket
A photo of Jupiter with its diameter indicated
This image depicts humans drinking, licking and eating as modes of feeding.
This is a photograph of the Arecibo observatory marked with an indication of scale.
This image is a photograph of page 6 from Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica Volume 3, De mundi systemate (On the system of the world).
This is a photograph of Egypt, Red Sea, Sinai Peninsula and the Nile from Earth orbit annotated with chemical composition of Earth's atmosphere.
Playback[edit]
Explanation of the Voyager record cover diagram, as provided by NASA
In the upper left-hand corner is a drawing of the phonograph record and the stylus carried with it. The stylus is in the correct position to play the record from the beginning. Written around it in binary arithmetic is the correct time of one rotation of the record, 3.6 seconds, expressed in time units of 0.70 billionths of a second, the time period associated with a fundamental transition of the hydrogen atom. The drawing indicates that the record should be played from the outside in. Below this drawing is a side view of the record and stylus, with a binary number giving the time to play one side of the record – about an hour (more precisely, between 53 and 54 minutes).
The information in the upper right-hand portion of the cover is designed to show how pictures are to be constructed from the recorded signals. The top drawing shows the typical signal that occurs at the start of a picture. The picture is made from this signal, which traces the picture as a series of vertical lines, similar to analog television (in which the picture is a series of horizontal lines). Picture lines 1, 2 and 3 are noted in binary numbers, and the duration of one of the "picture lines," about 8 milliseconds, is noted. The drawing immediately below shows how these lines are to be drawn vertically, with staggered "interlace" to give the correct picture rendition. Immediately below this is a drawing of an entire picture raster, showing that there are 512 (29) vertical lines in a complete picture. Immediately below this is a replica of the first picture on the record to permit the recipients to verify that they are decoding the signals correctly. A circle was used in this picture to ensure that the recipients use the correct ratio of horizontal to vertical height in picture reconstruction. Color images were represented by three images in sequence, one each for red, green, and blue components of the image. A color image of the spectrum of the sun was included for calibration purposes.
The drawing in the lower left-hand corner of the cover is the pulsar map previously sent as part of the plaques on Pioneers 10 and 11. It shows the location of the solar system with respect to 14 pulsars, whose precise periods are given. The drawing containing two circles in the lower right-hand corner is a drawing of the hydrogen atom in its two lowest states, with a connecting line and digit 1 to indicate that the time interval associated with the transition from one state to the other is to be used as the fundamental time scale, both for the time given on the cover and in the decoded pictures.[15]
Much like the Pioneer Plaque, controversy surrounded the complexity of the record and its accompanying stylus.
Manufacturing[edit]
Gold plating at the James G. Lee Record Processing center in Gardena, California
Blank records were provided by the Pyral S.A. of Creteil, France. CBS Records contracted the JVC Cutting Center in Boulder, Colorado to cut the lacquer masters which were then sent to the James G. Lee Record Processing center in Gardena, California to cut and gold plate eight Voyager records. After the records were plated they were mounted in aluminum containers and delivered to JPL.[16][17]
The record is constructed of gold-plated copper and is 12 inches (30 cm) in diameter.[3] The record's cover is aluminum and electroplated upon it is an ultra-pure sample of the isotope uranium-238. Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.468 billion years. It is possible (e.g. via mass-spectrometry) that a civilization that encounters the record will be able to use the ratio of remaining uranium to the other elements to determine the age of the record.
The records also had the inscription "To the makers of music – all worlds, all times" hand-etched on its surface. The inscription was located in the "takeout grooves", an area of the record between the label and playable surface. Since this was not in the original specifications, the record was initially rejected, to be replaced with a blank disc. Sagan later convinced the administrator to include the record as is.[18]
Journey[edit]
Golden record is attached to the spacecraft.
Voyager 1 was launched in 1977, passed the orbit of Pluto in 1990, and left the solar system (in the sense of passing the termination shock) in November 2004. It is now in the Kuiper Belt. In about 40,000 years, it and Voyager 2 will each come to within about 1.8 light-years of two separate stars: Voyager 1 will have approached star Gliese 445, located in the constellation Camelopardalis; and Voyager 2 will have approached star Ross 248, located in the constellation of Andromeda.
In March 2012, Voyager 1 was over 17.9 billion km from the Sun and traveling at a speed of 3.6 AU per year (approximately 61,000 km/h (38,000 mph)), while Voyager 2 was over 14.7 billion km away and moving at about 3.3 AU per year (approximately 56,000 km/h (35,000 mph)).[19]
Voyager 1 has entered the heliosheath, the region beyond the termination shock. The termination shock is where the solar wind, a thin stream of electrically charged gas blowing continuously outward from the Sun, is slowed by pressure from gas between the stars. At the termination shock, the solar wind slows abruptly from its average speed of 300–700 km/s (670,000–1,570,000 mph) and becomes denser and hotter.[20]
Of the eleven instruments carried on Voyager 1, five of them are still operational and continue to send back data today. It is expected that there will be insufficient energy to power any of the instruments beyond 2025.
On September 12, 2013, NASA announced that Voyager 1 had left the heliosheath and entered interstellar space,[21] although it still remains within the Sun's gravitational sphere of influence.
Depictions in culture[edit]
A copy of the record on display at the Udvar-Hazy Center in Washington Dulles International Airport.
Several works of science fiction, such as the 1979 film Star Trek: The Motion Picture, the 1984 film Starman and the 2000 film Battlefield Earth feature extraterrestrial intelligences discovering the record and turning their attention to Earth as a result. Among these is included the computer animated television show Beast Wars, which features one of the records as a central plot point in a continuation of the Transformers storyline. Referred to as the Golden Disk, the record is stolen by Megatron and his band of Predacons. The disk is revealed to contain a hidden message left by the original Megatron, instructing his descendants to venture back in time to prehistoric Earth and assassinate Optimus Prime, to change history and ensure a Decepticon victory against the Autobots.
It was also referenced in the 2005 animation known as Fafner in the Azure as being one of the objects that the aliens discover.
The recording is a major plot piece of "Little Green Men", a season 2 episode of The X-Files.
In a Saturday Night Live segment ("Next Week in Review") in episode 64 of the show's third season (originally aired 1978), Steve Martin's character, a psychic named Cocuwa, announced that extraterrestrials had responded to the record with the four words "Send more Chuck Berry".[22]
In 2014, the podcast The Truth produced an episode titled "Voyager Found", where the Voyager crash-lands on the property of Dawn and Tad, an alien couple, who decide to play the record.[23]
The 2015 feature documentary Sam Klemke's Time Machine compares the Golden Record's portrait of humanity to American man Sam Klemke's ongoing self-portraiture. In 1977 - the same year that NASA launched Voyager with the Golden Record - Sam started obsessively documenting his entire life on film. Sam Klemke's Time Machine, directed by Matthew Bate, premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival.[24]
The 2017 documentary The Farthest, directed by Emer Reynolds, features those who worked on the Golden Record and Voyager missions including Frank Drake, Timothy Ferris, and Nick Sagan.[25]
Jim Moray, an English folk singer, released the album 'Upcetera' in September 2016. It contains the track 'Sounds of Earth' in which he interweaves the stories of the production of the Golden Record and the romance between Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan. It refers to the recording of an EEG of Druyan as she thought of Sagan as the sound of someone falling in love.[26]
Grace Petrie, an English songwriter and folk singer, released a track by the name of "The Golden Record" on her 2017 album Heart First Aid Kit, which is a love song based upon the story of Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan, referencing the additions made to the record intended to depict the sound of human beings in love. [27]
In October 2016 the podcast Science Friday featured an updated, crowd sourced version of the Golden Record which included, amongst other entries, I Have a Dream, The Little Prince, and the human genome.[28]
In 2014, composer Dario Marianelli wrote a Voyager Concerto for Violin and Orchestra, which was premiered in Brisbane (Australia) in November that year by the QSO, and in Stockholm the following April (2015), by the Swedish Radio Orchestra. The Queensland Symphony Orchestra, with British violinist Jack Liebeck, performed the piece over several concerts at the Queensland Performing Arts Centre; each performance was preceded by a lecture by physicist prof. Brian Cox, who talked at length about NASA's Voyager Mission, and introduced the concerto. The 30 minutes piece, in one single movement, depicts the journey of the Voyager through the Solar System, using as references some of the music that is on board each probe, on the Golden Record.[29]
An image of the Golden Record cover is printed on the physical CD of Mary Fahl's 2014 release Love & Gravity.
Publications[edit]
Most of the images used on the record (reproduced in black and white), together with information about its compilation, can be found in the 1978 book Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record by Carl Sagan, F. D. Drake, Ann Druyan, Timothy Ferris, Jon Lomberg, and Linda Salzman.[30] A CD-ROM version was issued by Warner New Media in 1992.[31] The CD-ROM was the result of Sagan's diligence in obtaining copyright clearances for many of the numerous musical passages and photographs that the original Golden Record contained, to allow for their inclusion in the Warner New Media release.[citation needed] Author Ann Druyan, who later married Carl Sagan, wrote about the Voyager Record in the epilogue of Sagan's final book Billions and Billions.[32]
A book called Hello World - A Time Capsule of Life, the Earth, and Humanity was inspired by Voyager's Golden Record. This book shares videos from around the world to create a time capsule of the planet Earth. [33]
To celebrate the 40th anniversary of the record, a Kickstarter project has been launched to reedit the record contents in LP format as part of a box set also containing a book and a poster.[34] The Kickstarter was successfully funded with over $1.4 million raised. NASA partnered with Light in the Attic Records and Ozma Records to produce a 2-disc CD box set and a 3-disc LP vinyl record box set that will include the audio content of the Golden Record, digital version of the images encoded on the Record, images sent back by Voyager, commentary from Ferris, and a collector's box. These are set for release in February 2018.[35][36]
Track listing[edit]
The track listing is as it appears on the 2017 reissue by ozmarecords.
No.
Title
Length
1. "Greeting from Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations" (by Various Artists) 0:44
2. "Greetings in 55 Languages" (by Various Artists) 3:46
3. "United Nations Greetings/Whale Songs" (by Various Artists) 4:04
4. "The Sounds of Earth" (by Various Artists) 12:19
5. "Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F Major, BWV 1047: I. Allegro (Johann Sebastian Bach)" (by Munich Bach Orchestra/Karl Richter) 4:44
6. "Ketawang: Puspåwårnå (Kinds of Flowers)" (by Pura Paku Alaman Palace Orchestra/K.R.T. Wasitodipuro) 4:47
7. "Cengunmé" (by Mahi musicians of Benin) 2:11
8. "Alima Song" (by Mbuti of the Ituri Rainforest) 1:01
9. "Barnumbirr (Morning Star) and Moikoi Song" (by Tom Djawa, Mudpo, and Waliparu) 1:29
10. "El Cascabel (Lorenzo Barcelata)" (by Antonio Maciel and Los Aguilillas with Mariachi México de Pepe Villa/Rafael Carrión) 3:20
11. "Johnny B. Goode" (by Chuck Berry) 2:41
12. "Mariuamangɨ" (by Pranis Pandang and Kumbui of the Nyaura Clan) 1:25
13. "Sokaku-Reibo (Depicting the Cranes in Their Nest)" (by Goro Yamaguchi) 5:04
14. "Partita for Violin Solo No. 3 in E Major, BWV 1006: III. Gavotte en Rondeau (Johann Sebastian Bach)" (by Arthur Grumiaux) 2:58
15. "The Magic Flute (Die Zauberflöte), K. 620, Act II: Hell's Vengeance Boils in My Heart (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart)" (by Bavarian State Opera Orchestra and Chorus/Wolfgang Sawallisch) 3:00
16. "Chakrulo" (by Georgian State Merited Ensemble of Folk Song and Dance/Anzor Kavsadze) 2:21
17. "Roncadoras and Drums" (by Musicians from Ancash) 0:55
18. "Melancholy Blues (Marty Bloom/Walter Melrose)" (by Louis Armstrong and His Hot Seven) 3:06
19. "Muğam" (by Kamil Jalilov) 2:35
20. "The Rite of Spring (Le Sacre du Printemps), Part II—The Sacrifice: VI. Sacrificial Dance (The Chosen One) (Igor Stravinsky)" (by Columbia Symphony Orchestra/Igor Stravinsky) 4:38
21. "The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book II: Prelude & Fugue No. 1 in C Major, BWV 870 (Johann Sebastian Bach)" (by Glenn Gould) 4:51
22. "Symphony No. 5 in C Minor, Opus 67: I. Allegro Con Brio (Ludwig Van Beethoven)" (by Philharmonia Orchestra/Otto Klemperer) 4:38
23. "Izlel e Delyu Haydutin" (by Valya Balkanska) 5:04
24. "Navajo Night Chant, Yeibichai Dance" (Ambrose Roan Horse, Chester Roan, and Tom Roan) 1:01
25. "The Fairie Round (Anthony Holborne)" (by Early Music Consort of London/David Munrow) 1:19
26. "Naranaratana Kookokoo (The Cry of the Megapode Bird)" (by Maniasinimae and Taumaetarau Chieftain Tribe of Oloha and Palasu'u Village Community) 1:15
27. "Wedding Song" (by Young girl of Huancavelica) 0:42
28. "Liu Shui (Flowing Streams)" (by Guan Pinghu) 7:36
29. "Bhairavi: Jaat Kahan Ho" (by Kesarbai Kerkar) 3:34
30. "Dark Was the Night, Cold Was the Ground" (by Blind Willie Johnson) 3:32
31. "String Quartet No. 13 in B-flat Major, Opus 130: V. Cavatina (Ludwig Van Beethoven)" (by Budapest String Quartet) 6:41
See also[edit]
Astrobiology portal
Arecibo message
Communication with extraterrestrial intelligence
Contents of the Voyager Golden Record
Pioneer plaque
Time capsule
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Lafrance, Adrienne (30 June 2017). "Solving the Mystery of Whose Laughter Is On the Golden Record". The Atlantic. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Voyager – Interstellar Mission". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. January 25, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Voyager – Golden Record". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved September 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey Into Interstellar Space". NASA. September 12, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ross, Alex (February 13, 2014). "The Interstellar Contract". The New Yorker. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gambino, Megan (April 22, 2012). "What Is on Voyager's Golden Record?". The Smithsonian. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ferris, Timothy (20 August 2017). "How the Voyager Golden Record Was Made". The New Yorker. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Sagan, Carl (1997). Billions and Billions: Thoughts on Life and Death at the Brink of the Millennium. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-41160-7.
Jump up ^ Lomberg, Jon, "Pictures of Earth" in Sagan, Carl (1979). Murmurs of Earth. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 978-0-34528-396-2.
Jump up ^ "Voyager Record Photograph Index". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Ferris, Timothy (August 20, 2017). "How the Voyager Golden Record Was Made". The New Yorker. Retrieved November 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Deecke, Arved (June 12, 2015). "The Truly Most Expensive Record Ever: 2.5 billion dollars (no Beatles and no nudity)". Kvart & Bølge. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Greetings to the Universe". SoundCloud. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sounds of Earth". SoundCloud. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Voyager Record". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Voyager & the Golden Record". Flickr. NASA/JPL.
Jump up ^ "Voyager Interstellar Record Collection, 1976-1977" (PDF). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA.
Jump up ^ Ferris, Timothy (September 5, 2007). "The Mix Tape of the Gods". The New York Times. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Voyager – The Interstellar Mission". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. Retrieved November 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Voyager Enters Solar System's Final Frontier". NASA. May 24, 2005. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey Into Interstellar Space". NASA. September 12, 2013. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Saturday Night Live Transcripts, Season 3: Episode 18, 77r: Steve Martin / The Blues Brothers, Next Week In Review". Season 3: 1977-1978. April 22, 1978. Lay summary.
Jump up ^ "Voyager Found". The Truth Podcast. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Harvey, Dennis (January 23, 2015). "Sundance Film Review: 'Sam Klemke's Time Machine'". Variety. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Epstein, Sonia (May 4, 2017). "Interview with Director Emer Reynolds". Sloan Science & Film. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Upcetera by Jim Moray". jimmoray.co.uk. July 19, 2016. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Heart First Aid Kit, by Grace Petrie & the PC Brigade". Grace Petrie. June 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Your Record". Science Friday. October 7, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ https://soundcloud.com/voyager-concerto/d-marianelli-voyager-concerto
Jump up ^ Sagan, Carl (1978). Murmurs of Earth. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-394-41047-5.
Jump up ^ Sagan, Carl et al. (1992) Murmurs of Earth (computer file): The Voyager Interstellar Record. Burbank: Warner New Media.
Jump up ^ Sagan, Carl (1997). Billions and Billions: Thoughts on Life and Death at the Brink of the Millennium. Random House. ISBN 0-679-41160-7.
Jump up ^ "Voyager Golden Record Inspires a Video Montage Book". PRweb. August 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Voyager Golden Record: 40th Anniversary Edition". Kickstarter. Retrieved December 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Sodomsky, Sam (November 28, 2017). "NASA's Voyager Golden Record Gets New Vinyl Reissue". Pitchfork. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andrews, Travis (November 28, 2017). "NASA launched this record into space in 1977. Now, you can own your own copy". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 28, 2017.
Originally based on public domain text from the NASA website, where selected images and sounds from the record can be found.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Voyager Golden Record.
"The Golden Record". JPL/NASA.
"The Golden Record Multimedia showcase". goldenrecord.org.
"Voyager's Greetings To The Universe 1977". re-lab.net.
The making of Voyager Golden Record in 1977, photos on Flickr
Bui, Lily. "The Infinite Voyager : The Golden Record". MIT.
"Voyager 1 Audio". Internet Archive.
"Voyager Record Cover". Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
"Voyager Termination Shock". University of Iowa.
"John Cohen and the Voyager Record". The Celestial Monochord.
Kleas, Larry (August 26, 2007). "Preserving Ithaca for a Billion Years" (PDF). Tompkins Weekly. 1 (45). Ithaca, New York. p. 11.
"Voyagers' Records Wait for Alien Ears". NPR. August 19, 2007.
"Space: interview with Ann Druyan on her role in the making of the Voyager Record". WNYC Radiolab. May 12, 2006.
"The Science Show: Interview with Jon Lomberg". Radio National. November 19, 2005.
"Voyager Golden Record: 40th Anniversary Edition". Kickstarter. September 2016.
"What Would Aliens Make of NASA's Voyager?". NPR. September 30, 2017.
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