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White House Correspondents' Association
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For the press corps generally, see White House press corps.
It has been suggested that White House press corps be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since April 2018.
White House Correspondents' Association
Abbreviation
WHCA
Formation
February 25, 1914; 104 years ago (1914-02-25)
Tax ID no.
52-0799067[1]
Legal status
501(c)(3) nonprofit organization[1]
Location
Washington, D.C.
Coordinates
38°53′52″N 77°03′18″W / 38.897776°N 77.055130°W / 38.897776; -77.055130Coordinates: 38°53′52″N 77°03′18″W / 38.897776°N 77.055130°W / 38.897776; -77.055130
President
Margaret Talev (Bloomberg News)[2]
Executive Director
Steven Thomma[2]
Revenue (2015)
$366,481[3]
Expenses (2015)
$311,090[3]
Employees (2015)
0[3]
Website
www.whca.press
The White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA) is an organization of journalists who cover the White House and the President of the United States. The WHCA was founded on February 25, 1914 by journalists in response to an unfounded rumor that a United States congressional committee would select which journalists could attend press conferences of President Woodrow Wilson.[4]
The WHCA operates independently of the White House. Among the more notable issues handled by the WHCA are the credentialing process, access to the President and physical conditions in the White House press briefing rooms.[5][6] Its most high-profile activity is the annual White House Correspondents' Dinner, which is traditionally attended by the President and covered by the news media.
Not every member of the White House press corps is a member of the White House Correspondents' Association.
Contents
[hide]
1 Association leadership, 2017-2018
2 Table of association presidents
3 White House Press Room
4 White House Correspondents' Dinner
4.1 Dinner criticisms
4.2 List of dinners
4.3 Gallery
5 Awards
5.1 The Merriman Smith Memorial Award
5.2 The Aldo Beckman Memorial Award
5.3 The Edgar A. Poe Memorial Award
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Association leadership, 2017-2018[edit]
The current leadership team of the White House Correspondents' Association includes:[5]
Officers
President: Margaret Talev, Bloomberg News
Vice President: Olivier Knox, Yahoo News
Secretary: Jon Decker, Fox News
Treasurer: Julie Pace, Associated Press
Board members
Zeke Miller, Associated Press
Alicia Jennings, NBC News
Jonathan Karl, ABC News
Doug Mills, New York Times
Todd Gillman, Dallas Morning News
Executive Director
Steven Thomma[7]
Table of association presidents[edit]
Year
Name
Employer
1914–20 William Wallace Price The Washington Star
1921–22 Frank R. Lamb The Washington Star
1922–23 J. Russell Young The Washington Star
1923–24 E. Ross Bartley Associated Press
1924–25 Isaac Gregg The Sun
1925–26 George E. Durno International News Service
1926–27 John Edwin Nevin The Washington Post
1927–28 John T. Lambert Universal Service
1928–29 J. Russell Young The Washington Star
1929–30 Wilbur Forrest New York Herald Tribune
1930–31 Lewis Wood The New York Times
1931–33 Paul R. Mallon syndicated columnist
1933–34 George E. Durno International News Service
1934–35 Francis M. Stephenson Associated Press
1935–36 Albert J. Warner New York Herald Tribune
1936–37 Frederick J. Storm United Press Associations
1937–38 Walter J. Trohan Chicago Tribune
1938–40 Earl Godwin The Washington Times
1940 Felix Belair Jr. The New York Times
1940–41 Thomas F. Reynolds United Press Associations
1941–42 John C. O'Brien The Philadelphia Inquirer
1942 John C. Henry The Washington Star
1942–43 Douglas B. Cornell Associated Press
1943–44 Paul Wooten The Times-Picayune
1944–45 Merriman Smith United Press Associations
1946–47 Edward T. Folliard The Washington Post
1947–48 Felix Belair Jr. The New York Times
1948–49 Ernest B. Vaccaro Associated Press
1949–50 Robert G. Nixon International News Service
1950–53 Carlton Kent Chicago Sun-Times
1953–54 Robert J. Donovan New York Herald Tribune
1954–55 Anthony H. Leviero The New York Times
1955–56 Laurence H. Burd Chicago Tribune
1956–58 Francis M. Stephenson Daily News
1958–59 Marvin Arrowsmith Associated Press
1959–61 Garnett D. Horner The Washington Star
1961–62 William H.Y. Knighton Jr. The Baltimore Sun
1962–63 Robert Roth Philadelphia Bulletin
1963–64 Merriman Smith United Press International
1964–66 Alan L. Otten The Wall Street Journal
1966–67 Robert E. Thompson Hearst Newspapers
1967–68 Frank Cormier Associated Press
1968–69 Carroll Kilpatrick The Washington Post
1969–70 Charles W. Bailey II Minneapolis Tribune
1970–71 Peter Lisagor Chicago Daily News
1971–72 John P. Sutherland U.S. News & World Report
1972–73 Edgar A. Poe The Times-Picayune (New Orleans)
Year
Name
Employer
1973–74 Ted Knap Scripps Howard Newspapers
1974–75 James Deakin St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1975–76 Helen Thomas United Press International
1976–77 Lawrence M. O'Rourke Philadelphia Bulletin
1977–78 Paul F. Healy Daily News
1978–79 Aldo Beckman Chicago Tribune
1979–80 Ralph Harris Reuters
1980–81 Robert C. Pierpoint CBS News
1981–82 Clifford Evans RKO General Broadcasting
1982–83 Thomas M. DeFrank Newsweek
1983–84 James R. Gerstenzang Associated Press
1984–85 Sara Fritz Los Angeles Times
1985–86 Gary F. Schuster CBS News
1986–87 Bill Plante CBS News
1987–88 Norman D. Sandler United Press International
1988–89 Jeremiah O'Leary The Washington Times
1989–90 Johanna Neuman USA Today
1990–91 Robert M. Ellison Sheridan Broadcasting
1991–92 Charles Bierbauer CNN
1992–93 Karen Hosler The Baltimore Sun
1993–94 George E. Condon Jr. Copley News Service
1994–95 Kenneth T. Walsh U.S. News & World Report
1995–96 Carl P. Leubsdorf The Dallas Morning News
1996–97 Terence Hunt Associated Press
1997–98 Laurence McQuillan Reuters
1998–99 Stewart Powell Hearst Newspapers
1999–2000 Susan Page USA Today
2000–01 Arlene Dillon CBS News
2001–02 Steve Holland Reuters
2002–03 Bob Deans Cox Newspapers
2003–04 Carl Cannon National Journal
2004–05 Ron Hutcheson Knight Ridder
2005–06 Mark Smith Associated Press TV and Radio
2006–07 Steve Scully C-SPAN
2007–08 Ann Compton ABC News
2008–09 Jennifer Loven Associated Press
2009–10 Edwin Chen Bloomberg
2010–11 David Jackson USA Today
2011–12 Caren Bohan Reuters
2012–13 Ed Henry Fox News
2013–14 Steven Thomma McClatchy
2014–15 Christi Parsons Tribune Media
2015–16 Carol Lee Wall Street Journal
2016–17 Jeff Mason Reuters
2017–18 Margaret Talev Bloomberg
2018–19 Olivier Knox (elect)[8] Yahoo News
2019–20 Jonathan Karl (elect)[9] ABC News
White House Press Room[edit]
The WHCA is responsible for assigning seating in the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room in the West Wing of the White House.
v
t
e
Current White House James S. Brady Press Briefing Room seating chart
Row Podium
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
NBC
Wall Street Journal
Agence France-Presse
MSNBC
Bloomberg BNA
Washington Examiner
TRNS/Univision
Fox News
CBS Radio
AP Radio
Foreign Pool
Time
Yahoo! News
Dallas Morning News
CBS News
Bloomberg
McClatchy
Washington Times
SiriusXM
Salem Radio
Globe/Roll Call
AP
NPR
AURN
The Hill
Regionals
Newsmax
CBN
ABC News
Washington Post
Politico
Fox News Radio
CSM/NY Post
Daily Mail
BBC/OAN
Reuters
NY Times
Chicago Tribune
VOA
RealClearPolitics
HuffPost/NY Daily News
BuzzFeed/Daily Beast
CNN
USA Today
ABC Radio
National Journal
Al Jazeera/PBS
Westwood One
Financial Times/Guardian
White House Correspondents' Association
White House Correspondents' Dinner[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to White House Correspondents' Association dinner.
The WHCA's annual dinner, begun in 1921,[10] has become a Washington, D.C. tradition and is traditionally attended by the president and vice president.[4] Fifteen presidents have attended at least one WHCA dinner, beginning with Calvin Coolidge in 1924.[4] The dinner is traditionally held on the evening of the last Saturday in April at the Washington Hilton.
Until 1962, the dinner was open only to men, even though WHCA's membership included women. At the urging of Helen Thomas, President John F. Kennedy refused to attend the dinner unless the ban on women was dropped.[11]
Prior to World War II, the annual dinner featured singing between courses, a homemade movie, and an hour-long, post-dinner show with big-name performers.[4] Since 1983, however, the featured speaker has usually been a comedian, with the dinner taking on the form of a 'roast' of the president and his administration.
The dinner also funds scholarships for gifted students in college journalism programs.[12]
Many annual dinners have been cancelled or downsized due to deaths or political crises. The dinner was cancelled in 1930 due to the death of former president William Howard Taft; in 1942, following the United States' entry into World War II; and in 1951, over what President Harry S. Truman called the "uncertainty of the world situation".[13] In 1981, Ronald Reagan did not attend because he was recuperating after the attempted assassination on his life the previous month, but he did phone in and told a joke about the shooting.[14]
President Donald Trump did not attend the dinners in 2017 and 2018.[15]
Dinner criticisms[edit]
The WHCD has been increasingly criticized as an example of the coziness between the White House press corps and the administration.[16][17] The dinner typically includes a skit, either live or videotaped, by the sitting president in which he mocks himself, for the amusement of the press corps.[16] The press corps, in turn, hobnobs with administration officials, even those who are unpopular and are not regularly cooperative with the press.[16] Increasing scrutiny by bloggers has contributed to added public focus on this friendliness.[16]
After the 2007 dinner, New York Times columnist Frank Rich implied that the Times would no longer participate in the dinners.[18] Rich wrote that the dinner had become "a crystallization of the press's failures in the post-9/11 era" because it "illustrates how easily a propaganda-driven White House can enlist the Washington news media in its shows".[18]
Other criticism has focused on the amount of money actually raised for scholarships, which has decreased over the past few years.[12]
In recent years, the dinners have drawn increasing public attention, and the guest list grows "more Hollywood".[6] The attention given to the guest list and entertainers often overshadows the intended purpose of the dinner, which is to "acknowledge award-winners, present scholarships, and give the press and the president an evening of friendly appreciation".[6] This has led to an atmosphere of coming to the event only to "see and be seen".[6] This usually takes place at pre-dinner receptions and post-dinner parties hosted by various media organizations, which are often a bigger draw and can be more exclusive than the dinners themselves.[19][20][21]
List of dinners[edit]
Date
Performer(s)
Notes
1944 Bob Hope, Fritz Kreisler, Gracie Fields, Mexican tenor Pedro Vargas, Fred Waring, Elsie Janis, Ed Gardiner, Nan Merriman, Robert Merrill, and NBC musical director Frank Black with a 40-piece orchestra.[22]
1945 Frank Sinatra, Danny Thomas, Jimmy Durante, Fanny Brice, Danny Kaye, and Garry Moore shared hosting duties.[23]
1953 Bob Hope[24]
1954 Milton Berle, The Four Step Brothers,[25] Jaye P. Morgan, The McGuire Sisters, and Irving Berlin performed. Berlin performed an original song, "I Still Like Ike," to honor President Eisenhower.[13]
1956 James Cagney emceed; Nat King Cole, Patti Page, and Dizzy Gillespie performed.[26]
1961 The Peiro Brothers (jugglers), Julie London, Dorothy Provine, violinist Mischa Elman, opera singer Jerome Hines[27]
1962 Peter Sellers, Gwen Verdon, Richard Goodman, and Benny Goodman shared hosting duties.[23] Event opened to female correspondents for the first time.
1963 Merv Griffin emceed; Barbra Streisand performed.[28]
1964 Duke Ellington, the Smothers Brothers[13]
1968 Richard Pryor[23]
1969 The Disneyland Golden Horseshoe Revue[29]
April 14, 1973[30]
May 3, 1975 Danny Thomas and Marlo Thomas[31]
1976 Bob Hope emceed and Chevy Chase performed.[32] When President Ford rose to speak, he pretended to fumble, and began his speech with "Good evening. I'm Gerald Ford and you're not"—a reference to Chase's catchphrase from Saturday Night Live's Weekend Update.[32]
April 28, 1979[33]
April 25, 1981[34]
1983 Mark Russell[35]
1984 Rich Little[36]
April 17, 1986 Dick Cavett[37]
1987 Jay Leno[38]
April 21, 1988 Yakov Smirnoff[39]
1989 Jim Morris (Bush impersonator)[40] Garry Shandling made a surprise appearance.[41]
1990 Jim Morris[42]
1991 Sinbad[43]
1992 Paula Poundstone Poundstone was the first solo female host.[44]
May 1, 1993 Elayne Boosler[45][46] This was the first year that the dinner was televised on C-SPAN.
April 23, 1994 Al Franken[47][48]
April 29, 1995 Conan O'Brien
May 4, 1996 Al Franken[49][50]
April 26, 1997 Jon Stewart[51][52] Norm Macdonald delivered a Weekend Update parody.
April 25, 1998 Ray Romano
May 1, 1999 Aretha Franklin[23] NBC's Brian Williams performed a skit.
April 29, 2000 Jay Leno[53] President Bill Clinton also mocked himself in the short film President Clinton: The Final Days, which depicted him as a lonely man closing down a nearly deserted White House, riding a bicycle, and learning about the Internet with the help of actor Mike Maronna.
April 28, 2001 Darrell Hammond
May 4, 2002 Drew Carey[54]
April 26, 2003 Ray Charles President George W. Bush decided to eschew a comedian that year, given the recent invasion of Iraq.[55]
May 1, 2004 Jay Leno[38]
April 30, 2005 Cedric the Entertainer First Lady Laura Bush also performed some jokes.[56][57]
April 29, 2006 Stephen Colbert[58]
Wikinews has related news: Comedians lampoon Bush at White House Correspondents' Dinner
See also: Stephen Colbert at the 2006 White House Correspondents' Dinner
Colbert performed his television satire of a right-wing cable television pundit.[59][60] Several of President Bush's aides and supporters walked out during Colbert's speech, and one former aide said that the President had "that look that he's ready to blow".[61] Steve Bridges also performed a Bush impersonation.[62]
April 21, 2007 Rich Little David Letterman appeared by video with a Top 10 list of "favorite George W. Bush moments".[63]
April 26, 2008 Craig Ferguson[64] Like his Late Late Show monologues, Ferguson appeared to go off script and started improvising new jokes. It was noted that President Bush had difficulty understanding Ferguson's Scottish accent.[65]
May 9, 2009 Wanda Sykes[66]
May 1, 2010 Jay Leno[67] Leno hosted for the fourth time, more than any other individual in the dinner's history.[68] Leno had been chosen several weeks before his controversial Tonight Show conflict,[69] and his use of recycled jokes was noted by critics.[70]
April 30, 2011 Seth Meyers[71][72][73] Both President Barack Obama and then-Secretary of Defense Robert Gates were seen laughing at Meyers' jokes about the government's apparent inability to track down Osama Bin Laden, even though they were a day away from the operation to assassinate him.
President Obama and Meyers also mocked then-Celebrity Apprentice host Donald Trump's role as the face of the birther movement. Trump would go on to be elected President of the United States five years later in the 2016 United States presidential election. Journalists that were present at the dinner say that being mocked by President Obama and Meyers led him to decide to run for President of the United States, but Trump would later deny this, saying that he had been considering running for President for many years prior to the dinner.[74]
April 28, 2012 Jimmy Kimmel[75][76][77]
April 27, 2013 Conan O'Brien[78][79][80]
May 3, 2014 Joel McHale[81][82]
April 25, 2015 Cecily Strong[83][84] Keegan-Michael Key made a guest appearance as President Obama's "anger translator",[85] Luther, a recurring character from the Comedy Central show Key & Peele.[86]
April 30, 2016 Larry Wilmore[87][88] Wilmore delivered a controversial, searing routine targeting the president, elite media, lobbyists, politicians, and celebrities. At the end of the speech, Wilmore ended his set by thanking President Obama for having been the country's first black President and finished his speech by calling him "my nigga" on live television. This remark sparked controversy among the media, with some calling it disrespectful.[89]
April 29, 2017 Hasan Minhaj[90][91] President Donald Trump did not attend the dinner.[92][93] The last time the sitting president was not involved was Ronald Reagan in 1981. He was recovering from being shot in an assassination attempt. However, Reagan did phone into the event and even joked about the shooting.[94]
The Washington Post journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein presented awards and spoke about the importance of the First Amendment.[93][95]
April 28, 2018 Michelle Wolf[96][97] President Trump did not attend the dinner for the second consecutive year.[98] Instead, he sent his press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders.[99] Aya Hijazi recognized.[100]
Wolf received both praise and criticism for her monologue. The association released a rare statement regarding the monologue.[101][102][103] After the dinner, newspaper The Hill informed the WHCA that it would no longer participate in the event, saying, "In short, there’s simply no reason for us to participate in something that casts our profession in a poor light. Major changes are needed to the annual event."[104]
Gallery[edit]
President Bill Clinton (right) with television actor Mike Maronna (left) celebrating a successful online purchase in a comedic short film recorded for the 2000 Dinner.
President George W. Bush (left) with Bush impersonator Steve Bridges in character (right) at the 2006 Dinner.
President Barack Obama (left) with sketch comedian Keegan-Michael Key in character as "anger translator" Luther (right) at the 2015 Dinner.
President Barack Obama ending his final Correspondents' Dinner speech with a mic drop at the 2016 Dinner.
Awards[edit]
The Merriman Smith Memorial Award[edit]
See footnote.[105]
Awarded for outstanding examples of deadline reporting.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Year
Recipient
Distinction
Employer
Article / Show
Notes & Ref
2000 Gary Nurenberg Broadcast KTLA-Tribune Broadcasting [106]
Jodi Enda Print Knight-Ridder Newspapers [106]
2001 Jim Angle Broadcast Fox News Channel [107]
Sandra Sobieraj Print Associated Press [107]
2002 Peter Maer Broadcast CBS News [108]
Ron Fournier Print Associated Press [108]
2003 Jim Angle Broadcast Fox News Channel [109]
David Sanger Print The New York Times [109]
2004 Mike Allen Print The Washington Post [110]
2005 Ron Fournier Print Associated Press [111]
Jackie Calmes Print The Wall Street Journal Honorable Mention[111]
2006 Terry Moran Broadcast ABC News [112]
Deb Riechmann Print Associated Press [112]
2007 Martha Raddatz Broadcast ABC News [113]
David Sanger Print The New York Times [113]
2008 Ed Henry Broadcast CNN [114]
Deb Riechmann Print Associated Press [114]
2009 David Greene Broadcast NPR [115]
Sandra Sobieraj Westfall Print People magazine [115]
2010 Jake Tapper Broadcast ABC News [116]
Ben Feller Print Associated Press [116]
2011 Jake Tapper Broadcast ABC News [117]
Dan Balz Print The Washington Post [117]
2012 Jake Tapper Broadcast ABC News [118]
Glenn Thrush, Carrie Budoff Brown, Manu Raju and John Bresnahan Print Politico "Excellence in presidential coverage under pressure" [118]
2013 Terry Morgan Broadcast ABC News [119]
Julie Pace Print Associated Press
2014 Peter Maer Broadcast CBS News "Sequestration" [120][121]
Peter Baker Print The New York Times "Obama Seeks Approval by Congress for Strike in Syria"
2015 Jim Avila Broadcast ABC News Cuba/Alan Gross [122][123]
Josh Lederman Print Associated Press Fence Jumper
2016 Norah O'Donnell Broadcast CBS News [124][125]
Matt Viser Print The Boston Globe
2017 Edward-Isaac Dovere Print Politico "How Obama set a trap for Raul Castro" [126]
2018 Evan Perez, Jim Sciutto, Jake Tapper and Carl Bernstein Broadcast CNN [127]
Josh Dawsey Print Politico

The Aldo Beckman Memorial Award[edit]
See footnote.[105]
Awarded for journalistic excellence.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Year
Recipient
Employer
Ref
2000 Jeanne Cummings The Wall Street Journal [106]
2001 Steve Thomma Knight Ridder [107]
2002 Anne E. Kornblut The Boston Globe [108]
2003 Dana Milbank The Washington Post [109]
2004 David Sanger The New York Times [110]
2005 Susan Page USA Today [111]
2006 Carl Cannon National Journal [112]
2007 Kenneth T. Walsh U.S. News & World Report [113]
2008 Alexis Simendinger National Journal [114]
2009 Michael Abramowitz The Washington Post [115]
2010 Mark Knoller CBS News [116]
2011 Peter Baker The New York Times [117]
2012 Scott Wilson The Washington Post [118]
2013 Ryan Lizza The New Yorker [119]
2014 Glenn Thrush Politico [120][121]
Brianna Keilar CNN
2015 Peter Baker The New York Times [122][123]
2016 Carol Lee Wall Street Journal [124][125]
2017 Greg Jaffe Washington Post [128]
2018 Maggie Haberman New York Times [127]
The Edgar A. Poe Memorial Award[edit]
See footnote.[105]
Awarded for excellence on a story of national or regional significance.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Year
Recipient
Employer
Notes & Ref
2000 Sam Roe The Toledo Blade [106]
2001 Elizabeth Marchak, Dave Davis, and Joan Mazzolini The Plain Dealer [107]
John Barry and Evan Thomas Newsweek Honorable Mention[107]
David Pace Associated Press Honorable Mention[107]
2002 Evan Thomas, Mark Hosenball, Martha Brant, and Roy Gutman Newsweek [108]
Staff The Seattle Times Honorable Mention[108]
Staff The Dayton Daily News Honorable Mention[108]
2003 Sean Naylor Army Times [109]
Staff South Florida Sun-Sentinel Honorable Mention[109]
Michael Berens Chicago Tribune Honorable Mention[109]
2004 Russell Corollo and Mei-ling Hopgood Dayton Daily News [110]
Christopher H. Schmitt and Edward T. Pound U.S. News & World Report Honorable Mention[110]
Michael Hudson Southern Exposure magazine Honorable Mention[110]
Warren P. Strobel and Jonathan S. Landy Knight Ridder Honorable Mention[110]
Rod Nordland and Michael Hirsh Newsweek Honorable Mention[110]
Sami Yousafzai, Ron Moreau, and Michael Hirsh Newsweek Honorable Mention[110]
Fareed Zakaria Newsweek Honorable Mention[110]
2005 Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams The San Francisco Chronicle [111]
Donald Barlett and James Steele Time magazine Honorable Mention[111]
2006 Marcus Stern and Jerry Kammer Copley News Service [112]
Staff Time magazine Honorable Mention[112]
Russell Carollo and Larry Kaplow Dayton Daily News Honorable Mention[112]
2007 Joan Ryan The San Francisco Chronicle [113]
2008 Paul Shukovsky, Tracy Johnson, and Daniel Lathrop Seattle Post-Intelligencer [114]
2009 Michael J. Berens and Ken Armstrong The Seattle Times [115]
2010 Suzanne Bohan and Sandy Kleffman Contra Costa Times, California [116]
2011 Michael Berens The Seattle Times [117]
2012 Matt Apuzzo, Adam Goldman, Eileen Sullivan and Chris Hawley Associated Press [118]
2013 Jim Morris, Chris Hamby, Ronnie Greene The Center for Public Integrity (CPI) Hard Labor [119]
2014 Megan Twohey Reuters "The Child Exchange: Inside America's Underground Market for Adopted Children," [120][121]
Chris Hamby, Matthew Mosk and Brian Ross The Center for Public Integrity (CPI) and ABC News "Breathless and Burdened: Dying from black lung, buried by law and medicine,"
2015 Gary Fields, John R. Emshwiller, Rob Barry and Coulter Jones Wall Street Journal "America's Rap Sheet" [122][123]
Carol A. Leonnig The Washington Post "Secret Service"
2016 Neela Banerjee, John Cushman Jr., David Hasemyer and Lisa Song InsideClimate News [124][125]
Terrence McCoy The Washington Post
2017 David Fahrenthold The Washington Post [128]
2018 Jason Szep, Peter Eisler, Tim Reid, Lisa Girion, Grant Smith and team Reuters "Shock Tactics" [127][129]
Norah O'Donnell CBS This Morning Sexual Assault in the Air Force Academy Honorable Mention[127][130]
Dan Diamond and Rachana Pradhan Politico Tom Price’s Private Jet Travel Honorable Mention[127][131]
See also[edit]
Gridiron Club
Radio and Television Correspondents' Association
Alfred E. Smith Memorial Foundation Dinner
Not the White House Correspondents’ Dinner
National Press Club
Parliamentary Press Gallery
List of dining events
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "White House Correspondents Association". Exempt Organization Select Check. Internal Revenue Service. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Officers". White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved July 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Form 990: Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax". White House Correspondents' Association. Guidestar. October 31, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Unfounded Leak Leads to Modern WHCA by George Condon, former president of the WHCA". White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved August 20, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "White House Correspondents' Association Officers and Board". WHCA. Retrieved August 20, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Joe Strupp, "Incoming WHCA Prez: Next Year's Dinner Will Not Be 'Politically Correct", Editor and Publisher, April 25, 2007
Jump up ^ "WELCOME TO THE WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENTS' ASSOCIATION WEB SITE". www.whca.press. Retrieved 2017-12-27.
Jump up ^ "Olivier Knox elected WHCA president for 2018-2019". politico.com. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ WHCA [@whca] (14 July 2017). "Congratulations to Jonathan Karl of ABC News, elected today to be president of the White House Correspondents' Association in 2019-20. #WHCA" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Go to History of the WHCA (WHCA official website. Retrieved 2017-02-25.) and scroll down to "The Early Years (1914 - 1921)".
Jump up ^ Library, C. N. N. "Helen Thomas Fast Facts". cnn.com. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "How Much Does the White House Correspondents' Dinner Actually Raise for Scholarships?". Money. Retrieved April 29, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c "White House Correspondence Dinner: 25 Memorable Moments," National Journal, by Julia Edwards, April 27, 2011
Jump up ^ "Trump Will Be First President In 36 Years To Skip White House Correspondents Dinner". New York Times. February 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Trump to Skip White House Correspondents' Dinner Again This Year". Bloomberg.com. April 6, 2018. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Joe Strupp, "WHCA Prez Defends Dinner Amid Criticism Of 'Coziness' and Rich Little", Editor and Publisher, April 24, 2007
Jump up ^ Sullivan, Magaret. "For the sake of journalism, stop the White House correspondents' dinner". The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Rich, Frank. All the President’s Press, The New York Times, April 29, 2007.
Jump up ^ Libby Copeland and Dana Milbank, The In-Crowd Steps Out: After the Correspondents' Dinner, Parties Are Icing on the Cake, The Washington Post, April 23, 2007.
Jump up ^ Taking Names, The Washington Times, April 23, 2007
Jump up ^ Ashley Parker, Celeb-Watching at the Correspondents Dinner, The Caucus blog, The New York Times, April 22, 2007
Jump up ^ "Big Names Abound at Press Banquet", The Charlotte Observer, March 6, 1944
^ Jump up to: a b c d "White House Correspondents' Dinner Hosts Through the Years". National Journal.
Jump up ^ Library of Congress Eisenhower Archives, retrieved October 29, 2012
Jump up ^ "Colored People in Majority," Baltimore Afro-American, March 2, 1954; [Jet Magazine], March 25, 1954
Jump up ^ "White House Correspondents Dinner Hosts to President," The Toledo Blade, May 25, 1956
Jump up ^ Julie London Archives, retrieved October 28, 2012
Jump up ^ Barbra Streisand Archives, retrieved October 29, 2012
Jump up ^ Progressland. "Disneyland Nomenclature".
Jump up ^ "Remarks at the Annual Dinner of the White House Correspondents Association". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Remarks at the Annual Dinner of the White House Correspondents Association". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Humor played big role in Ford's persona, a December 2006 Deseret News article via findarticles.com
Jump up ^ "White House Correspondents Association Remarks at the Association's Annual Dinner". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Remarks by Telephone at the Annual Dinner of the White House Correspondents Association". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Jennie Cohen. "History of the White House Correspondents' Dinner". HISTORY.com.
Jump up ^ At the start of his 2007 dinner speech, Little stated that he had previously hosted in 1984, but "had to wait until everybody died" before he was invited back.
Jump up ^ "Remarks at the Annual White House Correspondents Dinner". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "Leno to Host White House Correspondents Dinner".
Jump up ^ "Remarks at the Annual White House Correspondents Association Dinner".
Jump up ^ "Impressionist Jim Morris began his Bush bit in silence – just moving his head, sort of stammering, trying to get some words out. The president [Bush], watching Morris do his inarticulate-thing, started laughing hard, and finally held his big white dinner napkin over his face." The Washington Post – also Coverage By the Seattle Post-Intelligencer's Joel Connelly http://www.seattlepi.com/archives/1989/8901120012.asp
Jump up ^ C-Span Video Clip from April 25, 1989 (replayed at the 2002 dinner)
Jump up ^ Comedian Bush-Whacks All the President's Mien, The Los Angeles Times, by Frank Rizzo, October 15, 1990
Jump up ^ "The comic genius brought in to entertain at the association's 77th annual black-tie dinner by Sheridan Broadcasting Company's Robert Ellison, the first and only Black president of the elite organization, brought down the house with hilarious quips and jokes about Bush's less than impressive fishing skills." Jet Magazine, May 20, 1991.
Jump up ^ "About". PaulaPoundstone.com.
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Jump up ^ The Inescapable Squareness of Washington’s ‘Nerd Prom’, by Walter Shapiro, The New Republic, April 28, 2012
Jump up ^ Josh Burdick (May 9, 2016). "1994 White House Correspondents Dinner with Al Franken". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
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Jump up ^ Josh Burdick (May 11, 2016). "Al Franken at the 1996 White House Correspondents Dinner (Apr 1996)". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Hubert Graham (February 8, 2017). "Al Franken at the 1996 White House Correspondents Dinner (Apr 1996)". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "1997 White House Correspondents' Dinner – C-SPAN Video Library". c-spanarchives.org. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lord Rothchild (January 15, 2014). "Jon Stewart White House Correspondents Dinner". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
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Jump up ^ Mike Pippa (December 11, 2010). "Drew Carey 2002 White House Correspondents' Dinner". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "2003 — Ray Charles - White House Correspondents' Dinner - TIME". TIME.com. April 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ Political Comedy (May 2, 2006). "Laura Bush, Desperate Housewife - White House Correspondents Dinner Speech". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ AmericanRhetoric.com (March 7, 2016). "Laura Bush - White House Correspondents Dinner". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ OWN (September 30, 2012). "The Turning Point in Stephen Colbert's Career - Oprah's Next Chapter - Oprah Winfrey Network". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ 2006 White House Correspondents dinner at Google Videos Archived September 18, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Political Comedy (April 28, 2012). "Stephen Colbert Roasts Bush at 2006 White House Correspondents Dinner". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Inside Washington: Skewering comedy skit angers Bush and aides Archived October 26, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. U.S. News & World Report
Jump up ^ "Steve Bridges Obituary - Steve Bridges Funeral - Legacy.com". Legacy.com.
Jump up ^ "Bush Doesn't Joke at WHCA Dinner Due to Virginia Tech Killings—But Rich Little Says 'Nuts'", an Editor & Publisher article
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (April 28, 2008). "Craig Ferguson at the Annual White House Correspondents' Din". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Craig Ferguson at the Annual White House Correspondents' Din". YouTube. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (May 9, 2009). "Wanda Sykes at the 2009 White House Correspondents' Dinner". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (May 2, 2010). "Jay Leno at 2010 White House Correspondents' Dinner". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Horowitz, Jason (May 2, 2010). "'Healthy' relations on display at White House Correspondents' Association Dinner". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ de Moraes, Lisa (January 22, 2010). "Jay Leno will headline the White House Correspondents Dinner". The Washington Post.
Jump up ^ TROWBRIDGE, HILLARY FREY & ALEXANDER. "Leno WHCD jokes recycled - HILLARY FREY & ALEXANDER TROWBRIDGE - POLITICO CLICK". politico.com. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ White House Correspondents' Association DinnerC-SPAN
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (April 30, 2011). "C-SPAN: Seth Meyers remarks at the 2011 White House Correspondents' Dinner". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "WATCH: Obama Holds His Poker Face as He Reacts to bin Laden Joke at Correspondents' Dinner - TIME.com". TIME.com.
Jump up ^ "Donald Trump's Presidential Run Began in an Effort to Gain Stature". The New York Times. March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jimmy Kimmel's Speech at the White House Correspondents' Dinner, C-SPAN (April 28, 2012).
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (April 28, 2012). "C-SPAN: Jimmy Kimmel at the 2012 White House Correspondents' Dinner". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy Kimmel Plays It Safe With White House Correspondents' Dinner Speech (Video)". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Conan O'Brien's Speech to the White House Correspondents' Dinner, C-SPAN (April 27, 2013).
Jump up ^ Transcript of event (from CNN).
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (April 27, 2013). "Conan O'Brien remarks at 2013 White House Correspondents' Dinner (C-SPAN)". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Strecker, Erin (February 14, 2014). "Joel McHale to headline 100th White House Correspondents' Dinner". Entertainment Weekly. CNN. Retrieved February 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (May 3, 2014). "Joel McHale remarks at 2014 White House Correspondents' Dinner (C-SPAN)". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Itzkoff, Dave. "Cecily Strong's Trial by Fire at the White House Correspondents Dinner". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (April 25, 2015). "Cecily Strong complete remarks at 2015 White House Correspondents' Dinner (C-SPAN)". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (April 25, 2015). "CLIP: President Obama's Anger Translator (C-SPAN)". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Coggan, Devan (August 16, 2015). "Keegan-Michael Key talks rehearsing for the White House Correspondents' Dinner with Obama". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Maya Rhodan (December 16, 2015). "Larry Wilmore to Host White House Correspondents' Dinner". Time.com. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (April 30, 2016). "Larry Wilmore COMPLETE REMARKS at 2016 White House Correspondents' Dinner (C-SPAN)". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ "Larry Wilmore's n-word 'joke' was an insult to black journalists". The Washington Post. May 1, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ Brian Stelter (April 11, 2017). "'Daily Show' comic tapped for White House Correspondents' Dinner". cnn.com. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (April 29, 2017). "Hasan Minhaj COMPLETE REMARKS at 2017 White House Correspondents' Dinner (C-SPAN)". Retrieved April 30, 2017 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Palmeri, Tara (February 25, 2017). "Trump bails on White House Correspondents' Dinner". Politico. Retrieved March 3, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Jennifer Calfas (April 30, 2017). "Read the Advice Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein Gave at the White House Correspondents' Dinner". Time Magazine.
Jump up ^ "Trump Will Be First President In 36 Years To Skip White House Correspondents Dinner". New York Times. February 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "This year's White House correspondents' dinner might be low on glitz. But Woodward and Bernstein are speaking". The Washington Post. April 6, 2017. Retrieved April 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Associated Press (February 22, 2018). "Michelle Wolf to headline White House correspondents' dinner". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved February 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ C-SPAN (April 28, 2018). "Michelle Wolf COMPLETE REMARKS at 2018 White House Correspondents' Dinner (C-SPAN)". Retrieved April 29, 2018 – via YouTube.
Jump up ^ Sullivan, Eileen (April 6, 2018). "Trump Will Once Again Skip the White House Correspondents Dinner". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Forgey, Quint (April 6, 2018). "Trump to skip White House Correspondents' Dinner again". Politico. Archived from the original on April 14, 2018. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "WHCA on Twitter". twitter.com. Retrieved May 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "WHCA on Twitter". Twitter. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
Jump up ^ CNN, Brian Stelter,. "Trump assails White House Correspondents' Association amid Michelle Wolf controversy". CNN. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
Jump up ^ "Correspondents group criticizes comedian Michelle Wolf for remarks at correspondents' dinner". NBC News. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
Jump up ^ Concha, Joe, "The Hill to end attendance at WHCA dinner without 'major reforms'", The Hill, May 1, 2018
^ Jump up to: a b c White House Correspondents' Association Journalism Awards. WHCA official website. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "The 2000 WHCA Awards" (PDF). White House Correspondents' Association.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Smith, Mark. "WHCA Names 2001 Award Winners" (PDF). White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Smith, Mark. "WHCA Names 2002 Award Winners" (PDF). White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Smith, Mark. "WHCA Names 2003 Award Winners" (PDF). White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Smith, Mike. "WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENTS' ASSOCIATION NAMES 2004 AWARD WINNERS" (PDF). White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Mills, Doug. "WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENTS' ASSOCIATION NAMES 2005 AWARD WINNERS" (PDF). White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Compton, Ann. "WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENTS' ASSOCIATION NAMES 2006 AWARD WINNERS" (PDF). White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Whiston, Julia. "White House Correspondents' Association Names 2007 Award Winners" (PDF). White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d WHCA. "WHCA 2008 JOURNALISM AWARDS". White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d WHCA. "WHCA 2009 JOURNALISM AWARDS". White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d WHCA. "WHCA 2010 JOURNALISM AWARDS". White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "White House Correspondents' Association Announces Recipients of the 2011 Awards". White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "2012 WHCA Journalism Awards". White House Correspondents' Association. Retrieved April 28, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENTS ASSOCIATION AWARDS". www.whca.net. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c "POLITICO, N.Y. Times take WHCA awards". POLITICO. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c "WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENTS ASSOCIATION AWARDS". www.whca.net. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c "WHCA Announces 2015 Award Winners - White House Correspondents Insider". White House Correspondents Insider. 2015-04-01. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c "WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENTS ASSOCIATION AWARDS". www.whca.net. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Norah O'Donnell Wins WHCA Award for Joe Biden Story". www.adweek.com. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c "WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENTS ASSOCIATION AWARDS". www.whca.net. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
Jump up ^ "POLITICO's Edward-Isaac Dovere Wins Coveted "Merriman Smith Award"". About Us. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "2018 Winners | White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA)". White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA). Retrieved 2018-05-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "2017 Award Winners | White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA)". White House Correspondents' Association (WHCA). Retrieved 2018-05-02.
Jump up ^ "Shock Tactics: Inside the Taser, the weapon that transformed policing". Reuters. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
Jump up ^ Air Force Academy cadets speak out on sexual assault, retaliation, retrieved 2018-05-05
Jump up ^ "Price investigation continues to roil HHS". POLITICO. Retrieved 2018-05-05.
External links[edit]
White House Correspondents' Association
White House Correspondents' Association Dinner at C-SPAN
Barack Obama Roasts Donald Trump At White House Correspondents' Association Dinner
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_House_Correspondents%27_Association&oldid=843243811"
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text:
Fred G. Sanford
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other people named Fred Sanford, see Fred Sanford (disambiguation).
Fred G. Sanford
First appearance
"Crossed Swords"
(Sanford and Son)
Last appearance
"To Keep a Thief"
(Sanford)
Created by
Norman Lear and Bud Yorkin, based on Albert Steptoe created by Galton and Simpson
Portrayed by
Redd Foxx
Information
Gender
Male
Occupation
Junk/antiques dealer
Spouse(s)
Elizabeth Winfield Sanford (deceased) (1908-1950)
Children
Lamont Sanford (son) (born September 27, 1940)[1]
Relatives
Frances Sanford Victor (sister)[2]
Esther Winfield Anderson (sister-in-law)
Ethel Winfield (sister-in-law)
Essie Winfield (mother in-law)
Elroy Winfield (father in-law)
Leotus Sanford (uncle; deceased)
Fred G. Sanford is a fictional character portrayed by actor/comedian Redd Foxx on the 1972–1977 NBC sitcom Sanford and Son[1] and the 1980–1981 NBC sitcom Sanford.[2]
Foxx, whose real name was John Elroy Sanford, modeled the character after his real-life older brother, Fred Glenn Sanford (Fred died in 1965, seven years before the show premiered). The character Fred is an elderly, widowed, sarcastic, and cantankerous junk dealer. He is the proprietor of "Sanford and Son", a junk and antique dealership which he runs out of his home, along with his son Lamont. Foxx appeared in all episodes of the series except nine (due to a contract dispute Foxx had with NBC) in 1974.
In 1999 TV Guide ranked him #36 on its list of the 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time.[3]
Contents
1 Background
2 Personality
2.1 Reactions
2.2 Prejudices
2.3 Relationships with women
3 References
4 Notes
Background[edit]
Fred G. Sanford was born in St. Louis, Missouri on January 20, 1907 (the episode "Happy Birthday, Pop" celebrated his 65th birthday that aired in 1972). In 1946, he, his wife Elizabeth Winfield[3] and their son Lamont (Demond Wilson) moved to the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles. Fred was left with the responsibility of rearing Lamont alone after his wife suddenly died the following year. Lamont dropped out of high school, subsequently joining his father in the junk business. Lamont, as he was known, was actually his middle name; Fred and Elizabeth could never decide on a first name. (In another episode, Lamont was known as "Lamont Grady Sanford".)
Fred is portrayed as being irritable and wanting everything done his way. He is known for grouchy disposition, his bad cooking, and his innumerable delusions of grandeur. He is bow-legged and walks with an affected stagger, presumably brought on by his (self-diagnosed) arthritis.
Fred never gives much credit to his son Lamont, believing him to be gullible and unintelligent (often referring to Lamont as a "big dummy"). Unhappy about his calling as a junk man, Lamont accepts his plight more for the love of his father than the junk business itself. Fred often involves himself in various get-rich-quick schemes, and as such, Lamont has to keep constant watch over his father. When Lamont would express an interest in having a life for himself, Fred would try to convince him of the importance of running the family business (which he referred to as "the empire") after he is gone. Fred often feigned illness in attempt to guilt his son into staying home and taking care of him whenever Lamont had plans to go out. Similarly, Fred often ruined Lamont's efforts to have a quiet romantic night at home with a lady companion (at one point, Fred repeatedly interrupted Lamont's amorous efforts so often that the young lady ended up sneaking away while Fred and Lamont argued loudly in the kitchen).
Personality[edit]
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Reactions[edit]
When asked over the phone for his name, he frequently responds, "Fred Sanford. That's S-A-N-F-O-R-D period" or "Fred G. Sanford. The 'G' is for...", with "G" standing for a word applicable to the situation. Some instances have included "gonna cry", "genius", "gee", "grandpa","gompergoo" and as Lamont himself once said in the episode, "The Reverend Sanford", "Glory glory, Hallelujah". It is never revealed what the "G" actually stands for in his name. In one episode, Lamont's full name was said to be "Lamont Grady Sanford," a clue that Fred G. Sanford could be "Fred Grady Sanford." Another trademark involves Fred becoming riled by somebody, assuming a fight stance, and wildly swinging his fists in multiple directions; often he would pose the question, "How would you like one across yo' lip?" or, with fist raised, "How would you like one of these where you sneeze?". He also frequently attempts to avoid any kind of labor, especially when asked by Lamont, by referring to his arthritis (which he pronounced "arthur-itis") while holding up a deliberately gnarled fist. Fred spends much of his free time watching television (having an affinity for daikaiju films such as the Godzilla series) and drinking an alcoholic concoction of his own invention called "Champipple" (a portmanteau of champagne and Ripple). Another recurring joke is his poor vision; whenever he gets ready to make a phone call, he opens a drawer under the phone and pulls out several pairs of glasses (to help him see the phone dial) and tries each one on. (The pair he picks usually doesn't improve his vision, anyway.) He also often kept valuables or stashes of cash in a secret drawer in that same chest of drawers, which would open after a series of knocks on the dresser and/or foot stamps on the floor.
In what would become the character's best known trademark, when something would alarm him, or when things didn't go the way he wanted them to, Fred would inevitably have a simulated heart attack, accentuated by clutching his chest and crying out to his late wife: "Oh, this is the big one! You hear that, Elizabeth?! I'm coming to join you, honey!" (When Lena Horne guested on the program, and Lamont saw her, he reacted the same way: "I think I'm havin' one, pop! My first one and it's a big one...you hear that, mom? Your little boy's comin' to join ya...with a mustache!")
Fred often clashed with Elizabeth's older sister, Lamont's aunt Esther Anderson (LaWanda Page). Aunt Esther and her family had opposed Fred's marrying Elizabeth from the very beginning, and Fred and Esther continue their mutual animosity unabated, despite the best efforts of Lamont. Fred makes a habit of teasing Esther because he thinks she is unattractive (Fred once told Esther, "I could stick your face in some dough and make gorilla cookies!"). For her own part, Esther took no sass from Fred, often referring to him as a "heathen", "sucka" and "fish-eyed fool", and she often tried to use her Bible to change Fred's ways (both figuratively and literally; Esther both quoted from the Bible and also often tried to whack Fred with the heavy purse that she carried it in). Much of the show's comedy came from the interplay between opinionated Fred and his strong-willed sister-in-law.
Prejudices[edit]
Throughout the series' run, Fred (despite being African-American) was often portrayed as being prejudiced himself. He often insults his Puerto Rican neighbor Julio in various ways, including deprecating his culture and making fun of his accent. He also insults Lamont's Asian friend, Ah Chew, calling him "Choo Choo" and threatening to "really close peanut butter jar" when Ah Chew attempted to hug him. He states at one point that "ain't nothin' on earth uglier than a 90-year-old white woman." His ignorance towards other cultures causes him a severe embarrassment when a Japanese family, interested in buying Fred's land, invites him and Lamont to dinner. The grown daughter sees him eating what he mistakenly thinks are grapes, and smiles "Oh, Mr. Sanford! I am so happy! You like the fish eyes!" Perhaps the biggest affront to Fred's sensibilities came when he discovered his beloved younger sister -- whom he had raised himself after their parents died -- had married a white man (who was also extremely fond of hugging, further earning him Fred's ire). Despite this, one of Fred's closest friends during the series was a Jewish man named Goldstein; at one point, Fred dons a yarmulke in order to go over to Goldstein's house and eat chicken soup. During a later episode, Fred attempts to trace his family tree and is mistakenly led to believe he has Jewish ancestry.
Relationships with women[edit]
Fred was depicted as having an eye for the ladies. In addition to his longtime girlfriend Donna, Fred attempted to hook up with topless waitress "Fast" Fanny, a traveling saleswoman named Carol, and even celebrities such as Lena Horne and Della Reese. Fred wasted no opportunities to flirt with attractive women regardless of location or situation, such as nurses (at the clinic where he got screened for tuberculosis, Fred remarked that a nurse had "TB...Terrific Body!"; similarly, when an attractive nurse came into his hospital room offering a back rub to calm him down, Fred immediately began primping once she left the room), stewardesses (a running gag in the episode where Fred takes his first plane trip involved his constant leering at the attractive stewardess whenever she walked away), and receptionists (when the receptionist at the dental clinic said "I just need to have you answer a few questions," Fred came back with "And may I ask you one or two questions as well.") Lamont once remarked to Fred "You're just a dirty old man!"; Fred immediately replied, "And I'm gonna be one until I'm a dead old man."
Fred is also very untrusting of Lamont's friend Rollo (Nathaniel Taylor) often referring to him as a convict because of his style. Fred has two best friends, Grady Wilson (Whitman Mayo) and Bubba Bexley (Don Bexley). Even though Fred thinks the two are dim-witted, he knows that they are more than reliable and can always lend him a helping hand.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Fred Sanford: Stubborn, Sharp-Witted, Smart". NPR. Retrieved 2010-09-26.
Jump up ^ "Networks cutting up the year into four seasons". Broadcasting: 48. 1980-02-18.
Jump up ^ TV Guide Guide to TV. Barnes and Noble. 2004. p. 651. ISBN 0-7607-5634-1.
Notes[edit]
^ Libra Rising All Over Lamont Episode Number: 40
^ My Brother-in-Law's Keeper Episode Number: 82
^ Fred Sings the Blues Episode Number: 135
^ Fred, the Reluctant Fingerman Episode Number: 41
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