text:
National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema
National award for contributions to Best Writing on Indian Cinema
Sponsored by
Directorate of Film Festivals
Reward(s)
Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus)
₹50,000 (US$730)
First awarded
1981
Last awarded
2017
Most recent winner
Matmagi Manipur: The first Manipuri Feature Film
Highlights
Total awarded
42
First winner
Thamizh Cinemavin Kathai
The National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the Directorate of Film Festivals, the organisation set up by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India. It is one of several awards presented for Best Writing on Indian Cinema and awarded with Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus).
The award was instituted in 1981, at 29th National Film Awards and awarded annually for books written in the year across the country, in all Indian languages.
Winners[edit]
Award includes 'Swarna Kamal' (Golden Lotus) and cash prize. Following are the award winners over the years:
Awards legends
Indicates a joint award for the year
List of books, showing the year (award ceremony), language(s), author(s), publisher(s) and citation
Year
Book(s)
Language(s)
Author(s)
Publisher(s)
Citation
Refs.
1981
(29th)
Thamizh Cinemavin Kathai
Tamil Aranthai Narayanan –
show
For being the first systematic full length account of the Tamil cinema from its inception, with pertinent observation on the art of film making, for the likelihood of it enduring as a standard reference work, for lucid, systematic writing with appropriate illustrations, for being based more on original and personal perceptions than on derived or second-hand sources.
[1]
1982
(30th)
Chalachitra Sameeksha
Malayalam Vijayakrishnan –
show
For fairly systematic analysis of the way in which the film has reflected the major concerns of man-aesthetic, social, spiritual, with specific reference to various film classics and the outlooks of well known directors, for persuasive argument and clear communication.
[2]
1983
(31st)
Cinemayude Lokam
Malayalam Adoor Gopalakrishnan – – [3]
1984
(32nd)
Chalachitrer Abirbhab
Bengali Jagannath Chathopadhyay – – [4]
1985
(33rd)
Guru Dutt: Teen Anki Shokantika
Marathi Arun Khopkar –
show
For a book as it is a major critical work on Guru Dutt, which is researched, attractively published at a reasonable price with a wealth of visual which enriches any book on cinema.
[5]
1986
(34th)
Rabindranath O Chalachithra
Bengali Arun Kumar Roy –
show
For making an original evaluation and analysis of films and documentaries made on Tagore's writings and personality from the silent era of cinema to date and thus linking cinema, an important creative mediumm, to a great creative mind.
[6]
1987
(35th)
Kazhchayude Asanthi
(Torments of Seeing)
Malayalam V. Rajakrishnan –
show
For focussing of major trends and impulses in National and International cinemam, for promoting the appreciation of cinema as a serious art form, for underlining the relevance of cinema in the depiction of the basic concerns of present day society.
[7]
1988
(36th)
The Moving Image
English Kishore Vallicha Orient Longman
show
For its analytic insights and its plausible theoretical framework.
[8]
1989
(37th)
Shataranj Ke Khiladi
Hindi Surendranath Tiwari Madhya Pradesh Film Development Corporation
show
For painstakingly analysing and delineating the interrelationship between a literary masterpiece and its film version, created by a master of cinema, without overlooking the salient characteristics of each art form.
[9]
1989
(37th)
Cinema, Kannakkum Kavithayum
Malayalam Sreekumaran Thampi Sahithya Pravarthaka
show
For portraying the development of the medium poetically by blending its ethos and technique.
1990
(38th)
Hindi Cinema Ka Itihaas
Hindi Manmohan Chadhha Sachin Prakashan
show
For placing the development of Hindi Cinema in the context of the totality of Indian Cinema and World Cinema, while giving due importance to research.
[10]
1991
(39th)
Athmanindayude Pookal
(Flowers of Self-Condemnation)
Malayalam Aravindan Vallachira V. R. Pushpakaran
show
For critical analysis of M. T. Vasudevan Nair's film. The book is an in-depth study of the complexity of human values and the interaction between social institutions and the individual.
[11]
1992
(40th)
Awara
English Gayatri Chatterjee Wiley Eastern Ltd
show
Her work is a novel experiment, which analyses the film in depth both at a personal and at a social level. What emerges is a clear reflection of the socio-economic fabric of a newly independent India. The book can be rightly termed an extension of Raj Kapoor's artistic sensibilities.
[12]
1993
(41st)
Naalo Nenu
Telugu Bhanumathi Ramakrishna K. N. T. Sastry
show
Her riveting autobiography provides an insight into the working of the Telugu film industry, while tracing her fascinating life and career, written with candour and in an immensely fluent style, the book undergoes the independent spirit of a woman in an excessively male dominated system of the show business. The lively and self-analytical work is a rare phenomenon in a field, where artistes seem to be unnecessarily hesitant to author their life stories.
[13]
1994
(42nd)
Abhinayam Anubhavam
Malayalam Bharath Gopi P. Bhuvanesan
show
For his introspective and self-analytical first person account. Abhinayam Anubhavam is serious and wistful at times, as the actor weaves and interesting picture of his interaction with cinema and his colleagues in the medium. The book is as unusual as it is revealing.
[14]
1995
(43rd)
Marathi Cinema: In Retrospect
English Sanjit Narwekar Govind Swarup
show
For thoroughly researched and well written history of Marathi cinema from the silent era to the present. The text is combined with photographs in such a way as to make the book as visually pleasing as it is valuable as a reference book.
[15]
1996
(44th)
The Eye of the Serpent
English S. Theodore Baskaran East West Books Pvt. Ltd.
show
For the methodically researched books on Tamil films which informs and enlightens the reader about one of the most prolific cinemas of our country which has kept re-defining itself over the decades.
[16]
1997
(45th)
Cinemachi Goshta
Marathi Anil Jhankar Rajhans Prakashan
show
For a certain originality of analysis written in perceptive style together with reliability of information which makes this book capable of enriching the readers understanding of cinema.
[17]
1997
(45th)
Hindi Cinema Aur Delhi
Hindi • Savita Bhakhri
• Adithya Aswathi Praveen Prakashan
show
For a well researched account of Hindi cinema with socio-economic aspects supported by extensive opinion surveys in the Delhi region which endows this book with considerable interest.
1998
(46th)
Cinemaee Bhasha Aur Hindi Samvadon Ka Vishleshan
Hindi Kishore Vaswani Hindi Book Centre
show
For it’s taking on a new area of study, and for its original analysis of the evolution of language in Hindi cinema, drawing links with Indian theatre and literature.
[18]
1999
(47th)
Malayala Cinemayum Sahithyavum
Malayalam Madhu Eravankara D. C. Books
show
For its in-depth analysis of the relationship between literature and film, its thorough understanding of the medium, rigorous research and high readability.
[19]
1999
(47th)
Marathi Chitrapat Sangeetachi Vatchal
Marathi Aruna Anant Damle Anil Damle
show
For its meticulous research its understanding of musical tradition in Marathi film and accessible style.
2000
(48th)
Sholay: The Making of a Classic
English Anupama Chopra Penguin Books
show
For its lucid story-telling. A fast-paced, informative book, a fitting tribute to a box-office phenomenon. Even after 25 years, the making of Sholay, reported crisply and researched thoroughly, makes absorbing reading.
[20]
2001
(49th)
Asoumiya Chalachitrar Chaa-Pohar
Assamese Apurba Sarma Jnan Pujari
show
For its panoramic and incisive analysis of Assamese cinema in the context of National and International scenario.
[21]
2001
(49th)
Moulik Marathi Chitrageete
Marathi Gangadhar Mahambare Rajiv D. Barve
show
For its lucid, anecdotal narration of the growth of Marathi cinema through its film songs.
2002
(50th)
Paroma and other Outsiders: The Cinema of Aparna Sen
English Shoma Chatterjee Parumita Publications
show
For her painstaking work and thought-provoking study of the works of Aparna Sen with a clear focus on their socio-economic relevance and context.
[22]
2002
(50th)
Ritu Aaye Ritu Jaaye
Hindi Sarat Dutt Saaransh Publications
show
For a biography of a trend-setting music director, the late Anil Biswas, whose life story encompasses not just his personal struggles and achievements but also the scenario of Hindi film music when it was at its creative best.
2003
(51st)
Filmi Jagat Mein Ardhashakti Ka Romanch
Hindi Bharatiya Jnanpith Ramakrishna
show
For a unique style of chronicling the flip side of film personality through his own biography. It gives an insight into the history of cinema and film journalism in a refreshingly different style.
[23]
2004
(52nd)
Stardust: Vignettes from the Fringes of Film Industry
English Roopa Swaminathan Penguin Books
show
For giving a rare, fascinating insight into the lives of people on the fringes of the film industry whose contribution to cinema is no less significant. The work is marked by painstaking research and incisive analysis that does not alienate the average cinema lover.
[24]
2005
(53rd)
Kundan
Hindi Saransh Prakashan Sharad Dutt
show
For its warm and insightful reconstruction of the life and art of the legendary singer-actor K. L. Saigal, as well as its significance as reference material which will be accessible to students and cineastes of Indian cinema history.
[25]
2006
(54th)
Helen: The Life and Times of an H-Bomb
English Jerry Pinto Penguin Books
show
For an insightful and witty account of a marginal yet iconic persona of the Hindi cinema.
[26]
2007
(55th)
From Raj to Swaraj: The Non-fiction Film In India
English B. D. Garga Penguin Books
show
For its engaged and illuminating study of non-feature cinema in its social, political and cultural context.
[27]
2008
(56th)
Bollywood Melodies
English Ganesh Anantharaman Penguin Books
show
For sailing down the mainstream of Hindi film music but manages to find rivulets of solace all his own. He blends substance with style, taking care not to appear too profound or flimsy. He brings out the lesser known aspects of popular Hindi film songs thereby infusing them with fresh dignity. Ganesh delves into the ragas of film songs, keeping some space for little banter between artists.
[28]
2009
(57th)
Cinemaa Yaana
Kannada K. Puttaswamy Hasiru Prakashana
show
For its probingly critical introduction to Kannada cinema in its interconnections with literature and theatre, history and society; with insightful analyses of the classics of Kannada cinema and assessments of individual contributions, often from beyond the borders of Karnataka; supplemented by excellent photographs and annotations; and extraordinary production values.
[29]
2010
(58th)
From Rajahs and Yogis to Gandhi and Beyond: Images of India in International Films of the Twentieth Century
English Vijaya Mulay Seagull Books
show
Here is a work of rigorous film scholarship which took the author to many lands and consumed many years of her life. Written in a clear lucid style, the book evokes a panoramic view of India that perhaps was through the eyes of several filmmakers of foreign origin. What adds an extra dimension to the book is the author’s narration of her own life in films even as she is engaged in telling the larger events on and off screen.
[30]
2011
(59th)
R. D. Burman: The Man The Music
English • Anirudha Bhattacharjee
• Balaji Vittal Harper Collins India
show
True to its title this well researched book provides insight into the life and the musical journey of a man who created a new genre of fusion music for films of several decades. The writing illuminates beautifully different aspects of this journey.
[31]
2012
(60th)
Silent Cinema in India - A Pictorial Journey
English B. D. Garga Harper Collins India
show
For its meticulous research and outstanding production qualities that have great archival value of which film-lovers around the world will be proud.
[32]
2013
(61st)
Cinema Ga Cinema
Telugu Nandagopal Praga India, Hyderabad
show
Cinema Ga Cinema is a refreshing treatise on various aspects of film making from its beginning in the early 20th century to the present and even into the future. Veteran film journalist Shri Nandagopal deals in an exhaustive, research based and yet elegant manner with different aspects of the art of cinema, aesthetic values, roles of dance and music,photography, costumes and myriad other aspects of film making not just in India but even in world cinema. His extensive exposure and experience in the film industry lends richness to all parts of the book.
[33]
2014
(62nd)
Silent Cinema (1895-1930)
• English
• Telugu Pasupuleti Purnachandra Rao EMESCO BOOKS
show
Pasupuleti Purnachandra Rao’s work on silent cinema commands attention. It is as worthy of a scholar’s consideration as a common cinegoer’s time. He walks down the memory lane to come up with a work that is likely to go down as a benchmark for serious research in Indian cinema.
[34]
2015
(63rd)
Dr. Rajkumar Samagra Charitre
Kannada Doddahullur Rukkoji Preethi Prakashana
show
Doddahulluru Rukkoji’s work is an encyclopedic study into the life and career of one of India’s greatest screen legends Dr Rajkumar. The 15 year research behind the writing of this double volume makes it a valuable resource for scholars, students and cinephiles of today and tomorrow.
[35]
2016
(64th)
Lata : Sur Gatha
Hindi Yatindra Mishra Vani Prakashan
show
Yatindra Mishra’s encyclopaedic presentation encompasses her life, seven decade career and its impact on Indian cinema. Divided into three sections, the book offers rare insights on the icon, her music and reflects a changing nation.
[36]
2017
(65th)
Matmagi Manipur: The first Manipuri Feature Film
Bobby Wahengbam Angomningthou Preservation and Documentation
show
Bobby Wahengbam's book provides a vivid account of the socio-political scenario in which Manipur regional cinema was born. The book denotes a compassionate account of the dreams, challenges, preparation, execution and success of the team involved. The critical analysis of the film makes it more praiseworthy and insightful.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "29th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "30th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "31st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 December 2011.
Jump up ^ "32nd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "33rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "34th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 7 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "35th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "36th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "37th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 29 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "38th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "39th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 27 February 2012.
Jump up ^ "40th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 2 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "41st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "42nd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "43rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "44th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "45th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "46th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 12 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "47th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "48th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 13 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "49th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "50th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "51st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "52nd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "53rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 19 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "54th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "55th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "56th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "57th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "58th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 29 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "59th National Film Awards for the Year 2011 Announced". Press Information Bureau (PIB), India. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
Jump up ^ "60th National Film Awards Announced" (PDF) (Press release). Press Information Bureau (PIB), India. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "61st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. 16 April 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "62nd National Film Awards" (PDF) (Press release). Directorate of Film Festivals. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "63rd National Film Awards: List of winners". The Times of India. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "64th National Film Awards: List of winners" (PDF). Directorate od Film Festivals. 7 April 2017. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
External links[edit]
Official Page for Directorate of Film Festivals, India
National Film Awards Archives
hide
v
t
e
National Film Awards
Directorate of Film Festivals
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
Cinema of India
Lifetime Achievement
Dadasaheb Phalke Award
Feature Films
Golden Lotus Awards
Best Feature Film
Best Director
Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment
Best Children's Film
Best Debut Film of a Director
Best Animated Film
Silver Lotus Awards
Best Actor
Best Actress
Best Supporting Actor
Best Supporting Actress
Best Child Artist
Best Music Direction
Best Male Playback Singer
Best Female Playback Singer
Best Lyrics
Best Production Design
Best Audiography
Best Choreography
Best Cinematography
Best Costume Design
Best Editing
Best Make-up
Best Screenplay
Best Special Effects
Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation
Best Film on Family Welfare
Best Film on National Integration
Best Film on Other Social Issues
Special Jury Award
Special Mention
Silver Lotus Awards
(Regional)
Languages specified in the Eighth schedule of the Constitution of India:
Assamese
Bodo
Bengali
English
Dogri
Gujarati
Hindi
Kannada
Kashmiri
Konkani
Maithili
Malayalam
Meitei
Marathi
Odia
Punjabi
Sanskrit
Tamil
Telugu
Urdu
Languages other than those specified in the Eighth schedule of the Constitution:
Bhojpuri
Haryanvi
Jasari
Khasi
Kodava
Kokborok
Ladakhi
Mishing
Mizo
Monpa
Rabha
Sherdukpen
Tulu
Wancho
Discontinued Awards
Second Best Feature Film
Third Best Feature Film
Best Story
Best Film Based on High Literary Work
Non-Feature Films
Golden Lotus Awards
Best Non-Feature Film
Best Director
Silver Lotus Awards
Best First Film of a Director
Best Audiography
Best Cinematography
Best Editing
Best Music Direction
Best Narration / Voice Over
Best Agriculture Film
Best Animation Film
Best Anthropological / Ethnographic Film
Best Arts / Cultural Film
Best Biographical Film
Best Educational / Motivational / Instructional Film
Best Environment/Conservation/Preservation Film
Best Exploration / Adventure Film
Best Film on Family Welfare
Best Historical Reconstruction / Compilation Film
Best Investigative Film
Best Promotional Film
Best Scientific Film
Best Short Fiction Film
Best Film on Social Issues
Special Jury Award
Special Mention
Discontinued Awards
Best Experimental Film
Best Filmstrip
Best Industrial Film
Best News Review
Best Newsreel Cameraman
Writing on Cinema
Golden Lotus Awards
Best Book on Cinema
Best Film Critic
Special Awards
Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Book on Cinema)
Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Film Critic)
Awards by year
1953–1960
1953 (1st)
1954 (2nd)
1955 (3rd)
1956 (4th)
1957 (5th)
1958 (6th)
1959 (7th)
1960 (8th)
1961–1980
1961 (9th)
1962 (10th)
1963 (11th)
1964 (12th)
1965 (13th)
1966 (14th)
1967 (15th)
1968 (16th)
1969 (17th)
1970 (18th)
1971 (19th)
1972 (20th)
1973 (21st)
1974 (22nd)
1975 (23rd)
1976 (24th)
1977 (25th)
1978 (26th)
1979 (27th)
1980 (28th)
1981–2000
1981 (29th)
1982 (30th)
1983 (31st)
1984 (32nd)
1985 (33rd)
1986 (34th)
1987 (35th)
1988 (36th)
1989 (37th)
1990 (38th)
1991 (39th)
1992 (40th)
1993 (41st)
1994 (42nd)
1995 (43rd)
1996 (44th)
1997 (45th)
1998 (46th)
1999 (47th)
2000 (48th)
2001–present
2001 (49th)
2002 (50th)
2003 (51st)
2004 (52nd)
2005 (53rd)
2006 (54th)
2007 (55th)
2008 (56th)
2009 (57th)
2010 (58th)
2011 (59th)
2012 (60th)
2013 (61st)
2014 (62nd)
2015 (63rd)
2016 (64th)
2017 (65th)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Film_Award_for_Best_Book_on_Cinema&oldid=842129551"
Categories:
National Film Awards (India)
Indian literary awards
Hidden categories:
Use Indian English from April 2017
All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English
Use dmy dates from March 2013
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
తెలుగు
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 May 2018, at 12:21 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: p

attrs: colspan class style

attrs: href title

attrs: colspan style

attrs: scope style

values:
row
width: 33%;

value: li

value: span

values: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)

values:
col
background-color:#EFE4B0;width:5%;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
col
background-color:#EFE4B0;width:20%;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
col
background-color:#EFE4B0;width:10%;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values:
col
background-color:#EFE4B0;width:18%;
headerSort
0
columnheader button
Sort ascending

values: text-align: left; display: none; background: transparent;

values:
/wiki/Malayalam_language
mw-redirect
Malayalam language

values:
/wiki/Bharath_Gopi
mw-redirect
Bharath Gopi

values:
/wiki/D._C._Books
mw-redirect
D. C. Books

values:
/wiki/Kannada_language
mw-redirect
Kannada language

values:
/wiki/Dr_Rajkumar
mw-redirect
Dr Rajkumar

values: wikitable sortable plainrowheaders jquery-tablesorter

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in/2011/33nfa.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in/2011/34th_NFF.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in/2011/36nfa.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in/2011/37nfa.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in/2011/45th_NFA.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in/2011/46_nff_1999.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in/2011/50nfa.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in/2011/57thNFA.pdf

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in/2011/58_NFA.pdf

values: Directorate od Film Festivals (page does not exist)

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in

values:
nofollow
external text
http://dff.nic.in/NFA_archive.asp

values:
row
navbox-group
background: #BDB76B;width:1%

values:
row
navbox-group
background: #DFD98D;width:1%

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film

values: National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment

values: National Film Award for Best Children's Film

values: Indira Gandhi Award for Best Debut Film of a Director

values: National Film Award for Best Animated Film

values: National Film Award for Best Supporting Actor

values: National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress

values: National Film Award for Best Child Artist

values: National Film Award for Best Music Direction

values: National Film Award for Best Male Playback Singer

values: National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer

values: National Film Award for Best Production Design

values: National Film Award for Best Audiography

values: National Film Award for Best Choreography

values: National Film Award for Best Cinematography

values: National Film Award for Best Costume Design

values: National Film Award for Best Make-up Artist

values: National Film Award for Best Special Effects

values: National Film Award for Best Film on Environment Conservation/Preservation

values: National Film Award for Best Film on Family Welfare

values: Nargis Dutt Award for Best Feature Film on National Integration

values: National Film Award for Best Film on Other Social Issues

values: National Film Award – Special Jury Award (feature film)

values: National Film Award – Special Mention (feature film)

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Assamese

values: Discontinued and Intermittent National Film Awards

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in English

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Gujarati

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Malayalam

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Marathi

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Odia

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Punjabi

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil

values: National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu

values: National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film

values: National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film

values: National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Direction

values: National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film of a Director

values: National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Audiography

values: National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Cinematography

values: National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Editing

values: National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Music Direction

values: National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film Narration / Voice Over

values: National Film Award for Best Agriculture Film

values: National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Animation Film

values: National Film Award for Best Anthropological/Ethnographic Film

values: National Film Award for Best Arts/Cultural Film

values: National Film Award for Best Biographical Film

values: National Film Award for Best Educational/Motivational/Instructional Film

values: National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Environment/Conservation/Preservation Film

values: National Film Award for Best Exploration/Adventure Film

values: National Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film on Family Welfare

values: National Film Award for Best Historical Reconstruction/Compilation Film

values: National Film Award for Best Investigative Film

values: National Film Award for Best Promotional Film

values: National Film Award for Best Scientific Film

values: National Film Award for Best Short Fiction Film

values: National Film Award for Best Film on Social Issues

values: National Film Award – Special Jury Award (non-feature film)

values: National Film Award – Special Mention (non-feature film)

values: National Film Award for Best Film Critic

values: National Film Award – Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Book on Cinema)

values: National Film Award – Special Jury Award / Special Mention (Film Critic)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Use Indian English from April 2017

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: భారత జాతీయ చలనచిత్ర పురస్కారాలు - ఉత్తమ సినిమా పుస్తకం – Telugu

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-National_Film_Award_for_Best_Book_on_Cinema rootpage-National_Film_Award_for_Best_Book_on_Cinema skin-vector action-view


text:
Piston motion equations
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The motion of a non-offset piston connected to a crank through a connecting rod (as would be found in internal combustion engines), can be expressed through several mathematical equations. This article shows how these motion equations are derived, and shows an example graph.
Contents
1 Crankshaft geometry
1.1 Definitions
1.2 ″Angular velocity″
1.3 Triangle relation
2 Equations with respect to angular position (Angle Domain)
2.1 Position
2.2 Velocity
2.3 Acceleration
3 Equations with respect to time (Time Domain)
3.1 Angular velocity derivatives
3.2 Converting from Angle Domain to Time Domain
3.3 Position
3.4 Velocity
3.5 Acceleration
3.6 Scaling for angular velocity
4 Velocity maxima/minima
4.1 Acceleration zero crossings
4.2 Crank-Rod angle not right angled
4.3 Example
5 Example graph of piston motion
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Crankshaft geometry[edit]
Diagram showing geometric layout of piston pin, crank pin and crank center
Definitions[edit]
l {\displaystyle l} rod length (distance between piston pin and crank pin)
r {\displaystyle r} crank radius (distance between crank pin and crank center, i.e. half stroke)
A {\displaystyle A} crank angle (from cylinder bore centerline at TDC)
x {\displaystyle x} piston pin position (upward from crank center along cylinder bore centerline)
v {\displaystyle v} piston pin velocity (upward from crank center along cylinder bore centerline)
a {\displaystyle a} piston pin acceleration (upward from crank center along cylinder bore centerline)
ω {\displaystyle \omega } crank angular velocity
″Angular velocity″[edit]
The crankshaft angular velocity is related to the engine revolutions per minute (RPM):
ω = 2 π ⋅ R P M 60 {\displaystyle \omega ={\frac {2\pi \cdot \mathrm {RPM} }{60}}}
Triangle relation[edit]
As shown in the diagram, the crank pin, crank center and piston pin form triangle NOP.
By the cosine law it is seen that:
l 2 = r 2 + x 2 − 2 ⋅ r ⋅ x ⋅ cos  A {\displaystyle l^{2}=r^{2}+x^{2}-2\cdot r\cdot x\cdot \cos A}
Equations with respect to angular position (Angle Domain)[edit]
The equations that follow describe the reciprocating motion of the piston with respect to crank angle.
Example graphs of these equations are shown below.
Position[edit]
Position with respect to crank angle (by rearranging the triangle relation):
l 2 − r 2 = x 2 − 2 ⋅ r ⋅ x ⋅ cos  A {\displaystyle l^{2}-r^{2}=x^{2}-2\cdot r\cdot x\cdot \cos A}
l 2 − r 2 = x 2 − 2 ⋅ r ⋅ x ⋅ cos  A + r 2 [ ( cos 2  A + sin 2  A ) − 1 ] {\displaystyle l^{2}-r^{2}=x^{2}-2\cdot r\cdot x\cdot \cos A+r^{2}[(\cos ^{2}A+\sin ^{2}A)-1]}
l 2 − r 2 + r 2 − r 2 sin 2  A = x 2 − 2 ⋅ r ⋅ x ⋅ cos  A + r 2 cos 2  A {\displaystyle l^{2}-r^{2}+r^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A=x^{2}-2\cdot r\cdot x\cdot \cos A+r^{2}\cos ^{2}A}
l 2 − r 2 sin 2  A = ( x − r ⋅ cos  A ) 2 {\displaystyle l^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A=(x-r\cdot \cos A)^{2}}
x − r ⋅ cos  A = l 2 − r 2 sin 2  A {\displaystyle x-r\cdot \cos A={\sqrt {l^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A}}}
x = r ⋅ cos  A + l 2 − r 2 sin 2  A {\displaystyle x=r\cdot \cos A+{\sqrt {l^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A}}}
Velocity[edit]
Velocity with respect to crank angle (take first derivative, using the chain rule):
x ′ = d x d A = − r sin  A + ( 1 2 ) . ( − 2 ) . r 2 sin  A cos  A l 2 − r 2 sin 2  A = − r sin  A − r 2 sin  A cos  A l 2 − r 2 sin 2  A {\displaystyle {\begin{array}{lcl}x'&=&{\frac {dx}{dA}}\\&=&-r\sin A+{\frac {({\frac {1}{2}}).(-2).r^{2}\sin A\cos A}{\sqrt {l^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A}}}\\&=&-r\sin A-{\frac {r^{2}\sin A\cos A}{\sqrt {l^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A}}}\end{array}}}
Acceleration[edit]
Acceleration with respect to crank angle (take second derivative, using the chain rule and the quotient rule):
x ″ = d 2 x d A 2 = − r cos  A − r 2 cos 2  A l 2 − r 2 sin 2  A − − r 2 sin 2  A l 2 − r 2 sin 2  A − r 2 sin  A cos  A . ( − 1 2 ) ⋅ ( − 2 ) . r 2 sin  A cos  A ( l 2 − r 2 sin 2  A ) 3 = − r cos  A − r 2 ( cos 2  A − sin 2  A ) l 2 − r 2 sin 2  A − r 4 sin 2  A cos 2  A ( l 2 − r 2 sin 2  A ) 3 {\displaystyle {\begin{array}{lcl}x''&=&{\frac {d^{2}x}{dA^{2}}}\\&=&-r\cos A-{\frac {r^{2}\cos ^{2}A}{\sqrt {l^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A}}}-{\frac {-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A}{\sqrt {l^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A}}}-{\frac {r^{2}\sin A\cos A.(-{\frac {1}{2}})\cdot (-2).r^{2}\sin A\cos A}{\left({\sqrt {l^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A}}\right)^{3}}}\\&=&-r\cos A-{\frac {r^{2}(\cos ^{2}A-\sin ^{2}A)}{\sqrt {l^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A}}}-{\frac {r^{4}\sin ^{2}A\cos ^{2}A}{\left({\sqrt {l^{2}-r^{2}\sin ^{2}A}}\right)^{3}}}\end{array}}}
Equations with respect to time (Time Domain)[edit]
Angular velocity derivatives[edit]
If angular velocity is constant, then
A = ω t {\displaystyle A=\omega t\,}
and the following relations apply:
d A d t = ω {\displaystyle {\frac {dA}{dt}}=\omega }
d 2 A d t 2 = 0 {\displaystyle {\frac {d^{2}A}{dt^{2}}}=0}
Converting from Angle Domain to Time Domain[edit]
The equations that follow describe the reciprocating motion of the piston with respect to time.
If time domain is required instead of angle domain, first replace A with ωt in the equations, and then scale for angular velocity as follows:
Position[edit]
Position with respect to time is simply:
x {\displaystyle x\,}
Velocity[edit]
Velocity with respect to time (using the chain rule):
v = d x d t = d x d A ⋅ d A d t = d x d A ⋅ ω = x ′ ⋅ ω {\displaystyle {\begin{array}{lcl}v&=&{\frac {dx}{dt}}\\&=&{\frac {dx}{dA}}\cdot {\frac {dA}{dt}}\\&=&{\frac {dx}{dA}}\cdot \ \omega \\&=&x'\cdot \omega \\\end{array}}}
Acceleration[edit]
Acceleration with respect to time (using the chain rule and product rule, and the angular velocity derivatives):
a = d 2 x d t 2 = d d t d x d t = d d t ( d x d A ⋅ d A d t ) = d d t ( d x d A ) ⋅ d A d t + d x d A ⋅ d d t ( d A d t ) = d d A ( d x d A ) ⋅ ( d A d t ) 2 + d x d A ⋅ d 2 A d t 2 = d 2 x d A 2 ⋅ ( d A d t ) 2 + d x d A ⋅ d 2 A d t 2 = d 2 x d A 2 ⋅ ω 2 + d x d A ⋅ 0 = x ″ ⋅ ω 2 {\displaystyle {\begin{array}{lcl}a&=&{\frac {d^{2}x}{dt^{2}}}\\&=&{\frac {d}{dt}}{\frac {dx}{dt}}\\&=&{\frac {d}{dt}}({\frac {dx}{dA}}\cdot {\frac {dA}{dt}})\\&=&{\frac {d}{dt}}({\frac {dx}{dA}})\cdot {\frac {dA}{dt}}+{\frac {dx}{dA}}\cdot {\frac {d}{dt}}({\frac {dA}{dt}})\\&=&{\frac {d}{dA}}({\frac {dx}{dA}})\cdot ({\frac {dA}{dt}})^{2}+{\frac {dx}{dA}}\cdot {\frac {d^{2}A}{dt^{2}}}\\&=&{\frac {d^{2}x}{dA^{2}}}\cdot ({\frac {dA}{dt}})^{2}+{\frac {dx}{dA}}\cdot {\frac {d^{2}A}{dt^{2}}}\\&=&{\frac {d^{2}x}{dA^{2}}}\cdot \omega ^{2}+{\frac {dx}{dA}}\cdot 0\\&=&x''\cdot \omega ^{2}\\\end{array}}}
Scaling for angular velocity[edit]
You can see that x is unscaled, x' is scaled by ω, and x" is scaled by ω².
To convert x' from velocity vs angle [inch/rad] to velocity vs time [inch/s] multiply x' by ω [rad/s].
To convert x" from acceleration vs angle [inch/rad²] to acceleration vs time [inch/s²] multiply x" by ω² [rad²/s²].
Note that dimensional analysis shows that the units are consistent.
Velocity maxima/minima[edit]
Acceleration zero crossings[edit]
The velocity maxima and minima do not occur at crank angles (A) of plus or minus 90°.
The velocity maxima and minima occur at crank angles that depend on rod length (l) and half stroke (r),
and correspond to the crank angles where the acceleration is zero (crossing the horizontal axis).
Crank-Rod angle not right angled[edit]
The velocity maxima and minima do not necessarily occur when the crank makes a right angle with the rod.
Counter-examples exist to disprove the idea that velocity maxima/minima occur when crank-rod angle is right angled.
Example[edit]
For rod length 6" and crank radius 2", numerically solving the acceleration zero-crossings finds the velocity maxima/minima to be at crank angles of ±73.17615°.
Then, using the triangle sine law, it is found that the crank-rod angle is 88.21738° and the rod-vertical angle is 18.60647°.
Clearly, in this example, the angle between the crank and the rod is not a right angle.
Summing the angles of the triangle 88.21738° + 18.60647° + 73.17615° gives 180.00000°.
A single counter-example is sufficient to disprove the statement "velocity maxima/minima occur when crank makes a right angle with rod".
Example graph of piston motion[edit]
The graph shows x, x', x" with respect to crank angle for various half strokes, where L = rod length (l) and R = half stroke (r):
The vertical axis units are inches for position, [inches/rad] for velocity, [inches/rad²] for acceleration.
The horizontal axis units are crank angle degrees.
Pistons motion animation with same rod length and crank radius values in graph above :
Pistons motion animation with various half strokes
See also[edit]
Internal combustion engine
Reciprocating engine
Slider-crank linkage
Scotch yoke
References[edit]
http://www.epi-eng.com/piston_engine_technology/piston_motion_basics.htm
Further reading[edit]
John Benjamin Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw Hill, 1989.
Charles Fayette Taylor, The Internal Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice, Vol. 1 & 2, 2nd Edition, MIT Press 1985.
External links[edit]
epi-eng Piston Motion
codecogs Velocity and Acceleration of a Piston
animated engines Four Stroke Engine
desmos interactive crank animation
networcs D & T Mechanisms - Interactive Tools for Teachers
mecamedia piston motion animation
youtube Rotating chevy 350 short block.
youtube 3D animation of a V8 ENGINE
youtube Inside a V8 Engine at Idle Speed
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piston_motion_equations&oldid=854289870"
Categories:
Pistons
Engine technology
Mechanical engineering
Equations
Hidden categories:
Articles lacking sources from December 2009
All articles lacking sources
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 10 August 2018, at 07:41 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: i

value: small

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced

values:
/wiki/Mathematical_equation
mw-redirect
Mathematical equation

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:0.693ex; height:2.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.049ex; height:1.676ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.743ex; height:2.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.33ex; height:1.676ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.128ex; height:1.676ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.23ex; height:1.676ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.446ex; height:1.676ex;

values: vertical-align: -1.838ex; width:14.978ex; height:5.176ex;

values: \omega ={\frac  {2\pi \cdot {\mathrm  {RPM}}}{60}}

values: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:28.833ex; height:2.843ex;

values: Edit section: Equations with respect to angular position (Angle Domain)

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:56.058ex; height:3.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:56.773ex; height:2.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:31.219ex; height:3.176ex;

values: vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:30.679ex; height:3.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -8.036ex; margin-bottom: -0.302ex; width:38.009ex; height:17.843ex;

values: vertical-align: -10.171ex; width:78.959ex; height:21.509ex;

values: Edit section: Equations with respect to time (Time Domain)

values: Edit section: Angular velocity derivatives

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:7.514ex; height:2.176ex;

values: {\displaystyle {\frac {dA}{dt}}=\omega }

values: vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:8.339ex; height:5.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -2.171ex; width:9.112ex; height:6.009ex;

values: Edit section: Converting from Angle Domain to Time Domain

values:
/wiki/Domain_(mathematics)
mw-redirect
Domain (mathematics)

values: vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:1.717ex; height:1.676ex;

values: vertical-align: -7.171ex; width:15.868ex; height:15.509ex;

values: vertical-align: -16.838ex; width:34.781ex; height:34.843ex;

values: Edit section: Scaling for angular velocity

values:
/wiki/Units_of_measurement
mw-redirect
Units of measurement

values: Edit section: Acceleration zero crossings

values: Edit section: Crank-Rod angle not right angled

values: Edit section: Example graph of piston motion

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values: Category:Articles lacking sources from December 2009

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Piston_motion_equations
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: معادلات حركة المكبس – Arabic

values: 活塞運動方程 – Chinese

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Piston_motion_equations rootpage-Piston_motion_equations skin-vector action-view


text:
Value (economics)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Not to be confused with Market value.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Part of a series on
Capitalism
Concepts[show]
Business
Business cycle
Businessperson
Capital
Capital accumulation
Capital markets
Capitalist mode of production
Company
Corporation
Competitive markets
Economic interventionism
Economic surplus
Entrepreneurship
Fictitious capital
Financial market
Free price system
Free market
Goods and services
Investor
Invisible hand
Liberalization
Marginalism
Money
Private property
Privatization
Profit
Rent seeking
Supply and demand
Surplus value
Value
Wage labour
Economic systems[show]
Anglo-Saxon
Free market
Laissez-faire
Mercantile
Mixed
Nordic
Regulated market
Regulatory
Rhine
Social market
State
Welfare
East Asian
Economic theories[show]
American
Austrian
Chicago
Classical
Institutional
Keynesian
Marxian
Modern Monetary
Monetarist
Neoclassical
New institutional
New Keynesian
Supply-side
Origins[show]
Age of Enlightenment
Capitalism and Islam
Commercial Revolution
Feudalism
Industrial Revolution
Mercantilism
Primitive accumulation
Physiocracy
Simple commodity production
Development[show]
Advanced
Consumer
Corporate
Crony
Finance
Global
Late
Marxist
Merchant
Rentier
State monopoly
Techno
People[show]
Adam Smith
John Stuart Mill
David Ricardo
Thomas Malthus
Jean-Baptiste Say
Karl Marx
Milton Friedman
Friedrich Hayek
John Maynard Keynes
Alfred Marshall
Ludwig von Mises
Ayn Rand
Murray Rothbard
Joseph Schumpeter
Thorstein Veblen
Max Weber
Ronald Coase
Related topics[show]
Anti-capitalism
Capitalist state
Consumerism
Corporatism
Crisis theory
Criticism of capitalism
Cronyism
Culture of capitalism
Exploitation
Globalization
History
History of theory
Market economy
Periodizations of capitalism
Perspectives on capitalism
Post-capitalism
Speculation
Spontaneous order
Venture philanthropy
Ideologies[show]
Anarcho-capitalism
Democratic capitalism
Dirigisme
Eco-capitalism
Humanistic capitalism
Inclusive capitalism
Liberalism (economic)
Libertarianism
Neo-Capitalism
Neoliberalism
Objectivism
Ordoliberalism
Social democracy
Capitalism portal
Economics portal
Philosophy portal
Politics portal
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Economics
A supply and demand diagram, illustrating
the effects of an increase in demand
Index
Outline
Category
History
Branches
Classification
[show]
History of economics
Schools of economics
Mainstream economics
Heterodox economics
Economic methodology
Economic theory
Political economy
Microeconomics
Macroeconomics
International economics
Applied economics
Mathematical economics
Econometrics
JEL classification codes
Concepts
Theory
Techniques
[show]
Economic systems
Economic growth
Market
National accounting
Experimental economics
Computational economics
Game theory
Operations research
By application[show]
Agricultural
Behavioral
Business
Cultural
Demographic
Development
Digitization
Ecological
Education
Engineering
Environmental
Evolutionary
Expeditionary
Economic geography
Financial
Health
Economic history
Industrial organization
Information
Institutional
Knowledge
Labour
Law
Managerial
Monetary
Natural resource
Organizational
Personnel
Economic planning
Economic policy
Public economics
Public / Social choice
Regional
Rural
Service
Socioeconomics
Economic sociology
Economic statistics
Urban
Welfare
Welfare economics
Notable economists[show]
François Quesnay
Adam Smith
David Ricardo
Thomas Robert Malthus
John Stuart Mill
Karl Marx
Léon Walras
Alfred Marshall
John Maynard Keynes
Arthur Cecil Pigou
Paul Samuelson
Lists[show]
Economists
Publications (journals)
Glossary[show]
Glossary of economics
Business and economics portal
v
t
e
Economic value is a measure of the benefit provided by a good or service to an economic agent. It is generally measured relative to units of currency, and the interpretation is therefore "what is the maximum amount of money a specific actor is willing and able to pay for the good or service"?
Among the competing schools of economic theory there are differing theories of value.
Economic value is not the same as market price, nor is economic value the same thing as market value. If a consumer is willing to buy a good, it implies that the customer places a higher value on the good than the market price. The difference between the value to the consumer and the market price is called "consumer surplus"[1]. It is easy to see situations where the actual value is considerably larger than the market price: purchase of drinking water is one example.
Contents
1 Overview
2 Explanations of value
3 Connected concepts
4 See also
5 References
Overview[edit]
The economic value of a good or service has puzzled economists since the beginning of the discipline. First, economists tried to estimate the value of a good to an individual alone, and extend that definition to goods which can be exchanged. From this analysis came the concepts value in use and value in exchange.
Value is linked to price through the mechanism of exchange. When an economist observes an exchange, two important value functions are revealed: those of the buyer and seller. Just as the buyer reveals what he is willing to pay for a certain amount of a good, so too does the seller reveal what it costs him to give up the good.
Additional information about market value is obtained by the rate at which transactions occur, telling observers the extent to which the purchase of the good has value over time.
Said another way, value is how much a desired object or condition is worth relative to other objects or conditions. Economic values are expressed as "how much" of one desirable condition or commodity will, or would be given up in exchange for some other desired condition or commodity. Among the competing schools of economic theory there are differing metrics for value assessment and the metrics are the subject of a theory of value. Value theories are a large part of the differences and disagreements between the various schools of economic theory.
Explanations of value[edit]
In neoclassical economics, the value of an object or service is often seen as nothing but the price it would bring in an open and competitive market. This is determined primarily by the demand for the object relative to supply in a perfectly competitive market. Many neoclassical economic theories equate the value of a commodity with its price, whether the market is competitive or not. As such, everything is seen as a commodity and if there is no market to set a price then there is no economic value.
In classical economics, the value of an object or condition is the amount of discomfort/labor saved through the consumption or use of an object or condition (Labor Theory of Value). Though exchange value is recognized, economic value is not, in theory, dependent on the existence of a market and price and value are not seen as equal. This is complicated, however, by the efforts of classical economists to connect price and labor value. Karl Marx, for one, saw exchange value as the "form of appearance" [Erscheinungsform] of value, which implies that, although value is separate from exchange value, it is meaningless without the act of exchange, i.e., without a market.
In this tradition, Steve Keen makes the claim that "value" refers to "the innate worth of a commodity, which determines the normal ('equilibrium') ratio at which two commodities exchange."[2] To Keen and the tradition of David Ricardo, this corresponds to the classical concept of long-run cost-determined prices, what Adam Smith called "natural prices" and Karl Marx called "prices of production." It is part of a cost-of-production theory of value and price. Ricardo, but not Keen, used a "labor theory of price" in which a commodity's "innate worth" was the amount of labor needed to produce it.
"The value of a thing in any given time and place", according to Henry George, "is the largest amount of exertion that anyone will render in exchange for it. But as men always seek to gratify their desires with the least exertion this is the lowest amount for which a similar thing can otherwise be obtained."[3]
In another classical tradition, Marx distinguished between the "value in use" (use-value, what a commodity provides to its buyer), labor cost which he calls "value" (the socially-necessary labour time it embodies), and "exchange value" (how much labor-time the sale of the commodity can claim, Smith's "labor commanded" value). By most interpretations of his labor theory of value, Marx, like Ricardo, developed a "labor theory of price" where the point of analyzing value was to allow the calculation of relative prices. Others see values as part of his sociopolitical interpretation and critique of capitalism and other societies, and deny that it was intended to serve as a category of economics. According to a third interpretation, Marx aimed for a theory of the dynamics of price formation, but did not complete it.
In 1860, John Ruskin published a critique of the economic concept of value from a moral point of view. He entitled the volume Unto This Last, and his central point was this: "It is impossible to conclude, of any given mass of acquired wealth, merely by the fact of its existence, whether it signifies good or evil to the nation in the midst of which it exists. Its real value depends on the moral sign attached to it, just as strictly as that of a mathematical quantity depends on the algebraic sign attached to it. Any given accumulation of commercial wealth may be indicative, on the one hand, of faithful industries, progressive energies, and productive ingenuities: or, on the other, it may be indicative of mortal luxury, merciless tyranny, ruinous chicanery." Gandhi was greatly inspired by Ruskin's book and published a paraphrase of it in 1908.
Economists such as Ludwig von Mises asserted that "value," meaning exchange value, was always the result of subjective value judgements. There was no price of objects or things that could be determined without taking these judgements into account, as manifested by markets. Thus, it was false to say that the economic value of a good was equal to what it cost to produce or to its current replacement cost.
Silvio Gesell denied value theory in economics. He thought that value theory is useless and prevents economics from becoming science and that a currency administration guided by value theory is doomed to sterility and inactivity.[4]
Value in the most basic sense can be referred to as "Real Value" or "Actual Value." This is the measure of worth that is based purely on the utility derived from the consumption of a product or service. Utility derived value allows products or services to be measured on outcome instead of demand or supply theories that have the inherent ability to be manipulated. Illustration: The real value of a book sold to a student who pays $50.00 at the cash register for the text and who earns no additional income from reading the book is essentially zero. However; the real value of the same text purchased in a thrift shop at a price of $0.25 and provides the reader with an insight that allows him or her to earn $100,000.00 in additional income is $100,000.00 or the extended lifetime value earned by the consumer. This is value calculated by actual measurements of ROI instead of production input and or demand vs. supply. No single unit has a fixed value.
Connected concepts[edit]
The theory of value is closely related to that of allocative efficiency, the quality by which firms produce those goods and services most valued by society. The market value of a machine part, for example, will depend upon a variety of objective facts involving its efficiency versus the efficiency of other types of part or other types of machine to make the kind of products that consumers will value in turn. In such a case, market value has both objective and subjective components.
In philosophy, economic value is a subcategory of a more general philosophical value, as defined in goodness and value theory or in the science of value.
See also[edit]
Business and economics portal
Value or Price
Asset pricing
Labour theory of value
Law of value
Marginal theory of value
Market price
Objective theory of value
Real versus nominal value (economics)
Store of value
Subjective theory of value
Theory of value (economics)
Use value
Utility
Value (marketing)
Value form
Value network
References[edit]
Library resources about
Value
Resources in your library
Jump up ^ "Consumer Surplus" (PDF). p. 7-1, 7-2.
Jump up ^ Steve Keen Debunking Economics, New York, Zed Books (2001) p. 271, ISBN 1-86403-070-4, OCLC 45804669
Jump up ^ "''The Science of Political Economy'', Chapter 8". Politicaleconomy.org. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
Jump up ^ https://biblio.wiki/wiki/The_Natural_Economic_Order/Part_III/Chapter_3
hide
v
t
e
Economics
Economic theory
Political economy
Applied economics
Methodology
Economic systems
Microfoundations
Mathematical economics
Econometrics
Computational economics
Experimental economics
Publications
Microeconomics
Aggregation problem
Budget set
Consumer choice
Convexity
Cost
Average
Marginal
Opportunity
Social
Sunk
Transaction
Cost–benefit analysis
Deadweight loss
Distribution
Economies of scale
Economies of scope
Elasticity
Equilibrium
General
Externality
Firm
Indifference curve
Interest
Intertemporal choice
Market
Market failure
Market structure
Competition
Monopolistic
Perfect
Monopoly
Bilateral
Monopsony
Oligopoly
Oligopsony
Non-convexity
Pareto efficiency
Preference
Price
Production set
Profit
Public good
Rate of profit
Rationing
Rent
Returns to scale
Risk aversion
Scarcity
Shortage
Surplus
Social choice
Supply and demand
Trade
Uncertainty
Utility
Expected
Marginal
Value
Wage
Publications
Macroeconomics
Aggregate demand
Balance of payments
Business cycle
Capacity utilization
Capital flight
Central bank
Consumer confidence
Currency
Deflation
Demand for money
Demand shock
Depression
Great
DSGE
Effective demand
Expectations
Adaptive
Rational
Fiscal policy
General Theory of Keynes
Growth
Indicators
Inflation
Hyperinflation
Interest rate
Investment
IS–LM model
Measures of national income and output
Monetary policy
Money
Money supply
NAIRU
National accounts
Price level
PPP
Recession
Saving
Shrinkflation
Stagflation
Supply shock
Unemployment
Publications
Mathematical economics
Operations research
Econometrics
Decision theory
Game theory
Mechanism design
Input–output model
Mathematical finance
Applied fields
Agricultural
Business
Demographic
Development
Economic geography
Economic history
Education
Engineering
Environmental
Financial
Health
Industrial organization
International
Knowledge
Labour
Law and economics
Monetary
Natural resource
Economic planning
Economic policy
Public economics
Public choice
Regional
Service
Socioeconomics
Economic sociology
Economic statistics
Transportation
Urban
Welfare
Schools of economic thought
Ancient economic thought
Anarchist
Mutualism
Austrian
Behavioral
Buddhist
Chicago
Classical
Ecological
Evolutionary
Feminist
Georgism
Heterodox
Historical
Institutional
Keynesian
Neo
New
Post
Mainstream
Malthusianism
Marxian
Neo
Mercantilism
Neoclassical
Lausanne
Marginalism
New classical
Real business-cycle theory
New institutional
Physiocracy
Socialist
Stockholm
Supply-side
Thermoeconomics
Notable economists and
thinkers within economics
Kenneth Arrow
Gary Becker
Francis Ysidro Edgeworth
Milton Friedman
Ragnar Frisch
Friedrich Hayek
Harold Hotelling
John Maynard Keynes
Tjalling Koopmans
Paul Krugman
Robert Lucas Jr.
Jacob Marschak
Alfred Marshall
Karl Marx
John von Neumann
Vilfredo Pareto
David Ricardo
Paul Samuelson
Joseph Schumpeter
Amartya Sen
Herbert A. Simon
Adam Smith
Robert Solow
Richard Thaler
Léon Walras
more
International organizations
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Economic Cooperation Organization
European Free Trade Association
International Monetary Fund
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
World Bank
World Trade Organization
Category
Index
Lists
Outline
Publications
Business and economics portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Value_(economics)&oldid=853381487"
Categories:
Political economy
Theory of value (economics)
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from December 2016
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Башҡортса
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Català
Čeština
ChiShona
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
فارسی
Français
한국어
Հայերեն
Italiano
ქართული
Kiswahili
Latina
Nederlands
Norsk
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
Polski
Português
Русский
Slovenčina
Suomi
Svenska
Tagalog
Türkçe
Українська
Žemaitėška
中文
23 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 4 August 2018, at 10:59 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/Rent_seeking
mw-redirect
Rent seeking

values:
/wiki/Rhine_capitalism
mw-redirect
Rhine capitalism

values:
/wiki/State-sponsored_capitalism
mw-redirect
State-sponsored capitalism

values:
/wiki/Global_capitalism
mw-redirect
Global capitalism

values: Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)

values:
/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism
mw-redirect
Perspectives on capitalism

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%

values: padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;padding-top:0;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em;background: none;

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;padding:0.15em 0.15em 0.25em; display:block; margin-bottom:0.55em; background-color: #efefef;

values: font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;background-color: #efefef; padding:0.15em 0.25em 0.5em;

values:
/wiki/Economic_theory
mw-redirect
Economic theory

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);

values: List of important publications in economics

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;background-color: #efefef;

values:
/wiki/Goods_(economics)
mw-redirect
Goods (economics)

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Labor_Theory_Of_Value
mw-redirect
Labor Theory Of Value

values:
/wiki/Socially-necessary_labour_time
mw-redirect
Socially-necessary labour time

values:
/wiki/Mohandas_Gandhi
mw-redirect
Mohandas Gandhi

values:
/wiki/Philosophical_value
mw-redirect
Philosophical value

values:
/wiki/Goodness_and_value_theory
mw-redirect
Goodness and value theory

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/Labour_theory_of_value
mw-redirect
Labour theory of value

values:
/wiki/Marginal_theory_of_value
mw-redirect
Marginal theory of value

values:
/wiki/Objective_theory_of_value
mw-redirect
Objective theory of value

values: -moz-column-width: 20em; -webkit-column-width: 20em; column-width: 20em;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:auto;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;text-align:left;

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/45804669

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible expanded navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values:
/wiki/Value_(economics)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: قيمة (اقتصاد) – Arabic

values: Ҡиммәт – Bashkir

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ba
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values: Вартасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hukoshi
Hukoshi – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sn
display: none;

values: Αξία (οικονομία) – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values: ارزش (علم اقتصاد) – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values: Արժեք (Տնտեսագիտություն) – Armenian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: ღირებულება – Georgian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ka
display: none;

values:
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thamani
Thamani – Swahili
sw
sw
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narx
Narx – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Стоимость – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tl
display: none;

values: Вартість – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Value_economics rootpage-Value_economics skin-vector action-view