text:
Back to the Future: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack
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Back to the Future: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack
Standard artwork without the Huey Lewis and the News sticker
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released
July 8, 1985
Genre
Rock
R&B
Label
MCA
Back to the Future Soundtrack chronology
Back to the Future
(1985) Back to the Future Part II
(1989)Back to the Future Part II1989
Singles from Back to the Future: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack
"The Power of Love"
Released: June 1985
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [1]
Back to the Future: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the film of the same name. It was released on July 8, 1985 by MCA Records. The album included two tracks culled from Alan Silvestri's compositions for the film, two tracks from Huey Lewis and the News, two songs played by the fictional band Marvin Berry and The Starlighters, one played by Marty McFly and The Starlighters, and two pop songs that are only very briefly heard in the background of the film.
"The Power of Love" was the first number-one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 for Huey Lewis and the News, certified Gold and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The album spent 19 weeks on the Billboard 200, peaking at number 12 in October 1985.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Track listing
2 "Johnny B. Goode"
3 Miscellaneous
4 Score album
5 Charts
6 Certifications
7 References
Track listing[edit]
"The Power of Love" – Huey Lewis and the News (3:58)[3]
"Time Bomb Town" – Lindsey Buckingham (2:48)
"Back to the Future" – The Outatime Orchestra (3:20)
"Heaven Is One Step Away" – Eric Clapton (4:13)
"Back in Time" – Huey Lewis & the News (4:22)
"Back to the Future Overture" - The Outatime Orchestra (8:19)
"The Wallflower (Dance with Me Henry)" – Etta James (2:45)
"Night Train" – Marvin Berry & the Starlighters (2:17)
"Earth Angel (Will You Be Mine)" – Marvin Berry & the Starlighters (3:02)
"Johnny B. Goode" – Marty McFly With The Starlighters (3:06)
The Outatime Orchestra is named after the license plate of the DeLorean.
Songs not included on the soundtrack album:[4]
"The Washington Post" - Composed by John Philip Sousa
"Mr. Sandman" - Performed by The Four Aces
"The Ballad of Davy Crockett" - Performed by Fess Parker
"Pledging My Love" - Performed by Johnny Ace
To put the tracks in the chronological order they first appear in the film, the listing would be as such: 1, 2, 7, the first 90 seconds of 6, 8, 9, 10, the remainder of 6, 4, 5 and 3. The "Back to the Future Overture" on the original album is made up of the following cues as released on the subsequent score album:
Marty's Letter
Clocktower (:50 - 5:35)
'85 Lone Pine Mall (1:41 - end)
A 1999 CD release entitled The Back to the Future Trilogy featured additional compositions by Silvestri from the first film. However, these were re-recordings by the Scottish National Orchestra and not Silvestri's original recordings.[5]
"Johnny B. Goode"[edit]
The musical material ostensibly performed by the characters Marty McFly, Marvin Berry and the Starlighters in the film, was recorded by Harry Waters, Jr. as Marvin Berry and Mark Campbell as Marty McFly, and the guitar solo by Tim May. (Campbell and May received a "Special Thanks" acknowledgment in the film's end credits, with the recording credit going to the fictional characters.) Berry's group also plays the song "Night Train", first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951.[6]
In the film, Marvin Berry, a fictitious cousin of Chuck Berry, phones Chuck and lets him listen to the music. The real Johnny B. Goode was released only three years after the time it is played in the film.[7]
Miscellaneous[edit]
The film's musical score was composed and conducted by Alan Silvestri, who later wrote music for Who Framed Roger Rabbit, Forrest Gump and numerous other films, many of them directed by Robert Zemeckis. The memorable themes in his "Back to the Future Overture" have since been heard in the film's sequels (also scored by Silvestri), in Back to the Future: The Ride, and as ambient music at the Universal Studios theme parks. A remix of the main theme was heard in the opening sequence for MCA-Universal Home Video from 1990 to 1997. The upbeat soundtrack, featuring two new songs by Huey Lewis and the News, also contributed to the film's popularity. "The Power of Love" became the band's first song to hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for an Academy Award. Huey Lewis portrayed the high-school band audition judge who rejects Marty McFly's band, the Pinheads, as they perform the short instrumental hard-rock version of "The Power of Love".
There is also another album version of the soundtrack, with only the original score by Silvestri. The only legitimate release was by independent label Intrada,[8] but another so-called "DeLorean" version released in the 1990s was an unauthorized bootleg.[9]
Score album[edit]
Back to the Future: Intrada Special Collection 2-CD Score
Film score by Alan Silvestri
Released
November 2009
Recorded
1985
Genre
Film soundtrack
Score
Length
89:08
Label
Intrada
Back to the Future Soundtrack chronology
The Back to the Future Trilogy (soundtrack)
(1999)The Back to the Future Trilogy (soundtrack)1999 Back to the Future: Intrada Special Collection 2-CD Score
(2009)
In November 2009, Intrada released an official two-disc album containing Silvestri's complete score. The first disc contained the complete orchestral score as recorded for the finished film, along with two source cues that Silvestri wrote. The second disc consisted of alternate approaches that Silvestri took with a large portion of the score, with a darker, more serious tone.
None of the songs from the first album are included in this score-only album, and for moments in the film where Silvestri's score was shortened (i.e. the final moments of "Einstein Disintegrated" and "Peabody Barn; Marty Ditches DeLorean"), replaced with source music ("Town Square") or unused ("Logo"), the full score cue is presented as originally recorded.
The set was a limited edition of 10,000 units and sold nearly 6,000 by the end of January 2010.[10] It sold out in August 2014; however, on October 12, 2015 it was made available as an unlimited release in a single-disc edition, featuring the music on disc one of the two-disc set.[11]
[show]CD 1: The Complete Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
No.
Title
Length
1. "Logo" 0:22
2. "DeLorean Reveal" 0:47
3. "Einstein Disintegrated" 1:23
4. "'85 Twin Pines Mall" 4:43
5. "Peabody Barn; Marty Ditches DeLorean" 3:11
6. "'55 Town Square" 1:19
7. "Lorraine's Bedroom" 0:47
8. "Retrieve DeLorean" 1:15
9. "1.21 Jigowatts" 1:38
10. "The Picture" 1:08
11. "Picture Fades" 0:18
12. "Skateboard Chase" 1:39
13. "Marty's Letter" 1:19
14. "George To The Rescue – Pt. 1" 0:51
15. "Marvin Be-Bop (Source cue)" 2:26
16. "George To The Rescue – Pt. 2" 2:36
17. "Tension; The Kiss" 1:34
18. "Goodnight Marty (Source cue)" 1:32
19. "It's Been Educational; Clocktower" 10:31
20. "Helicopter" 0:20
21. "'85 Lone Pine Mall" 3:47
22. "4x4" 0:41
23. "Doc Returns" 1:14
24. "Back to the Future (End credits)" 3:18
[show]CD 2: The Creation of a Classic... Alternate Early Sessions
No.
Title
Length
1. "DeLorean Reveal" 0:42
2. "Einstein Disintegrated" 1:24
3. "Peabody Barn" 2:07
4. "Marty Ditches DeLorean" 1:56
5. "'55 Town Square #1 (Trumpet open)" 1:36
6. "'55 Town Square #2 (Trumpet mute)" 1:36
7. "Retrieve DeLorean" 1:15
8. "1.21 Jigowatts" 1:36
9. "The Picture" 1:07
10. "Skateboard Chase" 1:40
11. "George to the Rescue" 4:14
12. "Tension; The Kiss" 1:41
13. "Clocktower" 10:56
14. "'85 Lone Pine Mall" 3:47
15. "Doc Returns" 1:20
16. "Ling Ting Ring (Unused source cue)" 2:01
Charts[edit]
Chart (1985–86)
Peak
position
US Top Pop Albums (Billboard)[12]
12
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United States (RIAA)[13]
Gold 500,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Allmusic review
Jump up ^ http://www.billboard.com/search/?keyword=back+to+the+future&x=0&y=0#/album/original-soundtrack/back-to-the-future-mca/64778
Jump up ^ "Music Video". Videos.movie-list.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-01. Retrieved 2012-09-30.
Jump up ^ Back to the Future End Credits
Jump up ^ http://www.allmusic.com/album/r431233
Jump up ^ Dahl, Bill. "Song Review: Night Train - Jimmy Forrest". AllMusicGuide. All Media Guide, LLC. Retrieved 2006-12-17.
Jump up ^ Lipshutz, Jason (18 March 2017). "How Chuck Berry's 'Johnny B. Goode' Helped Define 'Back to the Future'". The Billboard. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future (2CD Set)".
Jump up ^ "Back to the Future (bootleg)".
Jump up ^ "Intrada Soundtrack Forum • View topic - We get a lot". Intrada.net. Retrieved 2012-01-15.
Jump up ^ "Intrada Soundtrack Forum • View topic - INTRADA Announces Alan Silvestri's BACK TO THE FUTURE". Intrada.net. Retrieved 2016-01-01.
Jump up ^ "Top Pop Albums For Week Ending October 5, 1985". Billboard. 29 (40): 66. October 5, 1985. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
Jump up ^ "American album certifications – SOUNDTRACK – BACK TO THE FUTURE". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
[show]
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Back to the Future
Films
Back to the Future
Back to the Future Part II
Back to the Future Part III
Characters
Marty McFly
Emmett Brown
Biff Tannen
Music
Back to the Future
"The Power of Love"
"Back in Time"
Back to the Future Part III
"Doubleback"
The Back to the Future Trilogy (soundtrack)
Video games
Back to the Future (1985 video game)
Back to the Future (1989 video game)
Back to the Future Part III
Back to the Future Part II & III
Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure
Back to the Future: The Game
Other media
Back to the Future: The Ride
Back to the Future: The Animated Series
Back to the Future (musical)
Back to the Future: The Pinball
Back in Time
Universe
DeLorean time machine
Hill Valley
Hoverboard
Nike Mag
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Serjeant-at-arms
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A ceremonial mace (English, 17th century) as carried by the Queen's sergeants-at-arms on state occasions.
A serjeant-at-arms, or sergeant-at-arms is an officer appointed by a deliberative body, usually a legislature, to keep order during its meetings. The word "serjeant" is derived from the Latin serviens, which means "servant". Historically, serjeants-at-arms were armed men retained by English lords and monarchs, and the ceremonial maces with which they are associated were in origin a type of weapon.[1] ("Sergeant" is a modern UK and North American variant spelling).[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 Specific countries
2.1 Australia
2.2 Bangladesh
2.3 Canada
2.4 New Zealand
2.5 South Africa
2.6 Sri Lanka
2.7 United Kingdom
2.7.1 Parliament
2.7.2 The Royal Household
2.7.3 Insignia
2.8 United States
3 Other bodies
4 References
Origins[edit]
The term "sergeant" can be given two main definitions; the first being a military rank and the other a governmental role. Whereas technically the two roles were not mutually exclusive, they were very different in roles and duties. The soldier sergeant was a man of what would now be thought of as the 'middle class', fulfilling a slightly junior role to the knight in the medieval hierarchy. Sergeants could fight either as heavy to light cavalry, or as well-trained professional infantry, either spearmen or crossbowmen. Most notable medieval mercenaries fell into the 'sergeant' class, such as Flemish crossbowmen and spearmen, who were seen as reliable quality troops. The sergeant class were deemed to be 'worth half of a knight' in military value. The office originated in medieval England to serve the sovereign in a police role, much like a bailiff in more recent times. Indeed, the sergeants-at-arms constitute the oldest royal bodyguard in England, dating from the time of King Richard I (around 1189) as a formed body. The title "sergeant-at-arms" appears during the crusades during the reign of King Philip II of France in 1192.[3]
The sergeant-at-arms was a personal attendant upon the king, especially charged with arresting those suspected of treason. Richard I had 24 with him on the Crusades. They were formed into a 20-strong Corps of Sergeants-at-Arms by King Edward I in 1278, as a mounted close escort.[4] In 1399 King Richard II limited the corps to thirty sergeants, and King Charles II had sixteen. The number was reduced to eight in 1685 and since then it has gradually declined.
The original responsibilities of the sergeant-at-arms included "collecting loans and, impressing men and ships, serving on local administration and in all sorts of ways interfering with local administration and justice."[5] Around 1415, the British House of Commons received its first sergeant-at-arms.[6] From that time onwards the sergeant has been a royal appointment, the sergeant being one of the Sovereign's Sergeants-at-Arms. The House of Lords has a similar officer.
The formal role of a sergeant-at-arms in modern legislative bodies is to keep order during meetings, and, if necessary, forcibly remove any members or guests who are overly rowdy or disruptive. A sergeant-at-arms may thus be a retired soldier, police officer, or other official with experience in security. The Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Commons has general charge of certain administrative and custodial functions, as well as security within the chamber of the House.
Specific countries[edit]
Australia[edit]
The Australian House of Representatives operates under the Westminster parliamentary system. The Serjeant-at-Arms is a career officer of the Department of the House of Representatives. The ceremonial duties are as the custodian of the Mace, the symbol of the authority of the Crown and the Houses, and as the messenger for formal messages from the House to the Senate.[5] The Serjeant has the authority to remove disorderly people, by force if necessary, from the House or the public or press galleries on the instructions of the Speaker.[5] The administrative duties of the Serjeant include allocation of office accommodation, furniture and fittings for Members' offices, coordination of car transport for Members, mail and courier services for the House, security for the House and arrangements for school visits. Once a meeting has started in a House the Serjeant will usually stand at the door to keep authority and make sure no one else comes in or out.
Bangladesh[edit]
The Serjeant-at-Arms is the senior official of the National Parliament (Jatio Sangshad) who is responsible for maintaining order during sessions and to maintain security and protocol at Parliament under the guidance of Speaker. Presently, Commodore M. Ashraful Haq, a naval officer, is appointed as Serjeant-at-Arms.[7]
Canada[edit]
See also: List of Sergeants-at-Arms of the Canadian House of Commons
The Sergeant-at-Arms is the senior official of the Canadian House of Commons. In this role, the sergeant-at-arms is responsible for the building services and security of the House of Commons, and is appointed by the Governor General acting on the advice of the Federal cabinet.[8] The Sergeant-at-Arms carries the mace, the symbol of the authority of the Crown, in the daily parade into the House of Commons chamber.
Provincial legislative assemblies, houses of assembly, national assemblies, and provincial parliaments (the nomenclature for legislatures varying between provinces) also employ sergeants-at-arms.
Although the position has become mostly ceremonial, during the 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa, the then Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Commons, Kevin M. Vickers, assisted RCMP officers in engaging the gunman. Reports show that Sergeant-at-Arms Kevin Vickers alongside RCMP Constable Curtis Barrett, shot and killed the gunman who had gained access to the Centre Block of the Canadian Parliament buildings.[9] René Jalbert, Sergeant-at-Arms of the National Assembly of Quebec, is also known for his role in ending Denis Lortie's killing spree in the Parliament Building on 8 May 1984 by constituting himself hostage and negotiating with the shooter for four hours.[10]
New Zealand[edit]
Serjeant-at-Arms (with mace) in attendance at the Opening of the New Zealand Parliament in 1950.
The New Zealand House of Representatives operates under the Westminster parliamentary system.
The current Serjeant-at-Arms is Steve Streefkerk, a permanent Officer of the House supported by the Chamber and Meeting Support Team.
The Serjeant-at-Arms controls Officials and members staff coming to the House, and the surrounding areas such as the lobbies and the members lounge.[11] There is involvement at Select Committees where the Chairman seeks assistance to maintain good order. The Serjeant-at-Arms sits in the debating chamber opposite the Speaker at the visitors door for each House sitting session to ensure that security is effective, good order is maintained, administers the Members Attendance Register and takes instructions from the Speaker Rt Hon David Carter MP, or the other Presiding Officers - Deputy Speaker or two Assistant Speakers, when they are presiding.
The Chamber & Meeting Support Officers control all access to the House, and attend to the needs of the MP's, and officials when the House is undertaking its business.
The Gallery operation for visitors / strangers is controlled by the Parliamentary Service Security Service, but the Speaker and the Serjeant-at-Arms have the overall authority as defined in Standing Orders.
The Clerk of the New Zealand House of Representatives is Mr David Martin Wilson. The Clerk-Assistant (House Services) is Suze Jones.
Past Serjeants-at-Arms in recent times have been Group Captain Manson, Wing Commander Bob McKay, Ms Ipi Cross, Ms Carol Rankin, Mr Donald Cameron, Mr Fred Hutton and Mr Brent Smith.
South Africa[edit]
The Serjeant-at-Arms is a member of the parliamentary staff who acts as the official guardian of the mace, a decorated rod which is the symbol of the authority of the Parliament of South Africa. The mace must be in position in the National Assembly Chamber during a plenary sitting.
The Serjeant-at-Arms is also responsible for maintaining the attendance register of the Members in the House. S/he must also maintain order in the House and remove people from the House as ordered by the Speaker.[12]
According to the National Assembly Rules, "the Serjeant-at-Arms shall remove, or cause to be removed, any stranger from any part of a Chamber which has been set apart for members only, and also any stranger who, having been admitted into any other part of the Chamber, misconducts himself or herself or does not withdraw when strangers are ordered to withdraw."[13]
The Serjeant-at-Arms is attired in a black tailcoat, waistcoat, starched white shirt, bow tie, and white gloves. The current Serjeant-at-Arms is Regina Mhlomi, who succeeded Godfrey Cleinwerck. [14] The Usher of the Black Rod is Vincent Shabalala whose duty it is to escort the presiding officers of the National Council of Provinces into its Chamber.[15]
Sri Lanka[edit]
The Parliament of Sri Lanka was established in the form of the Westminster parliamentary system. The Serjeant-at-Arms second most important permanent officer in the Parliament, who heads his own department, the Department of the Serjeant-at-Arms. The Serjeant-at-Arms is appointed by the Secretary General of Parliament and is responsible for all ceremonial occasions as the master of ceremonies in Parliament, preservation of order, custody of the Mace, security, admission of visitors, allocation of accommodation within the House and supervision of galleries.[16]
Responsible for security, by tradition he is the only officer authorized to carry a weapon inside the Parliament building and is assisted by the Parliament Police Division.[16] Admission of visitors to the precincts of Parliament is controlled by the Serjeant-at-Arms.
Ronnie Abeysinghe was the longest serving Serjeant-at-arms in the history of Sri Lanka. He held the position from 1970 to 1996.[17]
The current Serjeant-at-Arms is Anil P. Samarasekara.[17]
United Kingdom[edit]
Serjeants-at-Arms with their maces, travelling back to Buckingham Palace from Westminster after the State Opening of Parliament.
Parliament[edit]
See also: Serjeant-at-Arms of the British House of Commons and Black Rod
The Serjeant-at-Arms of the House of Commons is responsible for security matters concerning the House of Commons. The Serjeant, whilst in the Commons overseeing proceedings, can also escort MPs out of the chamber by order of the Speaker of the House. The post dates back to 1415, and has often been held by retired military or police figures (though in recent years those from a civil service background have been appointed). The current Serjeant-at-Arms is Kamal El-Hajji (appointed in December 2015); he was previously the head of Front of House and VIP Relations at the Ministry of Justice from 2010.
The equivalent officer for the House of Lords is the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod; there was formerly a separate Serjeant-at-Arms of the House of Lords, but the two appointments were merged in 1971 (since when the mace has routinely been carried by Black Rod's deputy, the Yeoman Usher).
The Royal Household[edit]
In addition to the above-mentioned officers there are other Serjeants-at-Arms who attend the Sovereign on State occasions, a remnant of the body established by Richard I (though today their role is purely ceremonial). Usually, members of the Royal Household who serve as Serjeants-at-Arms have had the office bestowed on them as a mark of distinction for long and meritorious service.[18]
Insignia[edit]
The Mace serves as a symbol of royal and parliamentary authority. Ten maces are kept in the Jewel House at the Tower of London in addition to those kept by the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Lord Chancellor. As well as carrying their Maces, on State occasions each Serjeant-at-Arms wears a Collar of esses as a symbol of his or her office.
United States[edit]
See also: Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives and Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate
The two houses of the United States Congress maintain the position of sergeant-at-arms. The sergeants are charged with the maintenance of order on the floor of the chamber (in the House, he may "display" the mace in front of an unruly member as an admonition to behave); they serve with the Architect of the Capitol on the commission that oversees the United States Capitol Police and security for the Congress, and they serve a variety of other functional and ceremonial roles.[19][20]
Other bodies[edit]
Other bodies—from state and local legislative houses (city councils, county legislatures and the like) to civic and social organizations—have created posts of sergeants-at-arms, primarily to enforce order at the direction of the chair and to assist in practical details of organizing meetings.[21][22][23] Other duties may include the greeting of visitors or providing security.[24][25] The sergeant-at-arms may be in charge of the organization's property.[24]
In large organizations, the sergeant-at-arms may have assistants.[26]
A law enforcement officer may serve in the role of sergeant-at-arms or it may be a paid (or unpaid), permanent position in the organization.[26][27]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Allison & Riddell (1991). The Royal Encyclopaedia. London: Macmillan.
Jump up ^ "sergeant-at-arms: definition of sergeant-at-arms in Oxford English Dictionary". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 2016-10-27.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant-at-Arms - The Speaker". speaker.ontla.on.ca. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
Jump up ^ "What Else Does the Sergeant at Arms Do?". Mental Floss. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Serjeant-at-Arms". www.aph.gov.au. Parliament of Australia. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
Jump up ^ "Serjeant at Arms". UK Parliament. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Security Dept.". www.parliament.gov.bd. Bangladesh Parliament. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Officers and Officials of Parliament". www.lop.parl.gc.ca. Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Ottawa shooting: A day of chaos leaves soldier, gunman dead". CBC News. October 23, 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
Jump up ^ "M. René Marc Jalbert, C.V., C.D.". Decorations for Bravery. The Office of the Secretary to the Governor General. Retrieved 11 January 2012.
Jump up ^ "People in Parliament, Serjeant-at-Arms". www.parliament.nz. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
Jump up ^ "Draft Rules: Disruptions during sittings, functions & powers of Joint Standing Committee on Defence : Party inputs | PMG". pmg.org.za. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
Jump up ^ Parliament of the Republic of South Africa
Jump up ^ "New Serjeant-at-Arms earns her stripes". News 24. February 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Jacobs, Luzuko; Momlezi Kula (June 2009). "Interview: Q&A" (PDF). In Session. Cape Town: Parliamentary Communication Services. 9 (6): 26. Retrieved 9 November 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Parliament of Sri Lanka - The Department of the Serjeant-at-Arms". www.parliament.lk. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
^ Jump up to: a b "Parliament of Sri Lanka - The Department of the Serjeant-at-Arms - Security". www.parliament.lk. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
Jump up ^ Allison & Riddell (1991). The Royal Encyclopaedia. London: Macmillan.
Jump up ^ "Sergeants at Arms | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Senate: Office of the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper". www.senate.gov. Retrieved 2016-02-03.
Jump up ^ Cullen, Morgan (January 2013). "Pomp, Circumstance and Arms". www.ncsl.org. State Legislatures Magazine. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
Jump up ^ "Municode Library - Rule 2.04 Sergeant-at-Arms". www.municode.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
Jump up ^ Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 462. ISBN 978-0-306-82020-5.
^ Jump up to: a b Raines, Christopher. "Job Responsibilities of a Sergeant of Arms on a Board of Directors". Everyday Life - Global Post. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
Jump up ^ "1% Bylaws Example". Riding Club and Motorcycle Club Education.
^ Jump up to: a b "Job Description: Sergeant at Arms". bbcbec.designzonline.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
Jump up ^ "Section 2-1 CITY COUNCIL:". www.codepublishing.com. Retrieved 2016-02-02.
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American Pie (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"American Pie"
Picture sleeve for U.S. vinyl single. Artwork is also used as the front cover for the album of the same name and many other international releases of the single.
Single by Don McLean
from the album American Pie
B-side
"Empty Chairs" (promo)
"American Pie part 2" (first release)
Released
November 1971 (original)
November 1991 (re-release)
Format
Vinyl (original)
CD, cassette, vinyl (reissue)
Recorded
May 26, 1971
Genre
Folk rock
Length
8:33 (LP)
4:11 (single part 1)
4:31 (single part 2)
Label
United Artists
Songwriter(s)
Don McLean
Producer(s)
Ed Freeman for The Rainbow Collection, Ltd.
Don McLean singles chronology
"Castles in the Air"
(1971) "American Pie"
(1971) "Vincent"
(1972)
Audio sample
file
help
"American Pie" is a song by American singer and songwriter Don McLean. Recorded and released on the American Pie album in 1971, the single was the number-one US hit for four weeks in 1972 and also topped the charts in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. In the UK, the single reached number 2, where it stayed for 3 weeks, on its original 1972 release while a reissue in 1991 reached No. 12.[1] The song was listed as the No. 5 song on the RIAA project Songs of the Century. A truncated version of the song was covered by Madonna in 2000 and reached No. 1 in several countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia. McLean's combined version is the fourth longest song to enter the Billboard Hot 100, at the time of release it was the longest, in addition to being the longest song to reach number one.[2]
The repeatedly mentioned phrase "the day the music died" refers to the plane crash in 1959 which killed early rock and roll performers Buddy Holly, The Big Bopper, and Ritchie Valens. (The crash was not known by that name until after McLean's song became a hit.) The meaning of the other lyrics has long been debated, and for decades, McLean declined to explain the symbolism behind the many characters and events mentioned. However, the overall theme of the song is the loss of innocence of the early rock and roll generation as symbolized by the plane crash which claimed the lives of three of its heroes.[3]
In 2017, McLean's original recording was selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or artistically significant".[4]
Contents
1 Background
1.1 Interpretations
2 Personnel
3 Charts
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Parodies, revisions, and uses
5 Madonna version
5.1 Background
5.2 Reception
5.3 Music video
5.4 Credits and personnel
5.5 Charts
5.5.1 Weekly charts
5.5.2 Year-end charts
5.6 Certifications
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Background[edit]
While it has been claimed that Don McLean began writing the song in upstate Saratoga Springs, New York, at Caffe Lena,[5] a 2011 New York Times article quotes Don McLean as disputing this claim.[6] Some employees at Caffe Lena claim that he started writing the song there, and then continued to write the song in both Cold Spring, New York,[7] and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[8] McLean claims that the song was only written in Cold Spring and Philadelphia.[6] Tin & Lint, a bar on Caroline Street in Saratoga Springs, claims the song was written there, and a plaque marks the table. While some have claimed other places, such as Saint Joseph's University, as where the song was first performed,[9] McLean insists that the song made its debut in Philadelphia at Temple University[6] when he opened for Laura Nyro on March 14, 1971.[8]
Interpretations[edit]
Except to acknowledge that he first learned about Buddy Holly's death on February 3, 1959—McLean was age 13—when he was folding newspapers for his paper route on the morning of February 4, 1959 (the line "February made me shiver/with every paper I'd deliver"), McLean has generally avoided responding to direct questions about the song's lyrics; he has said: "They're beyond analysis. They're poetry."[5][10] He also stated in an editorial published in 2009, on the 50th anniversary of the crash that killed Holly, Ritchie Valens, and J. P. "The Big Bopper" Richardson, that writing the first verse of the song exorcised his long-running grief over Holly's death and that he considers the song to be "a big song ... that summed up the world known as America".[11] McLean dedicated the American Pie album to Holly.
It was also speculated that the song contains numerous references to post-World War II American events (such as the murders of civil rights workers Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner),[12] and elements of culture, including 1960s culture (e.g. sock hops, cruising, Bob Dylan,[13] The Beatles, Charles Manson, and much more).[14][15][16]
When asked what "American Pie" meant, McLean jokingly replied, "It means I don't ever have to work again if I don't want to."[17] Later, he stated, "You will find many interpretations of my lyrics but none of them by me ... Sorry to leave you all on your own like this but long ago I realized that songwriters should make their statements and move on, maintaining a dignified silence."[18] He also commented on the popularity of his music, "I didn't write songs that were just catchy, but with a point of view, or songs about the environment."[19]
In February 2015, McLean announced he would reveal the meaning of the lyrics to the song when the original manuscript went for auction in New York City, in April 2015.[20] The lyrics and notes were auctioned on April 7, and sold for $1.2 million.[21] In the sale catalogue notes, McLean revealed the meaning in the song's lyrics: "Basically in American Pie things are heading in the wrong direction. ... It [life] is becoming less idyllic. I don't know whether you consider that wrong or right but it is a morality song in a sense."[22] The catalogue confirmed some of the better known references in the song's lyrics, including mentions of Elvis Presley ("the king") and Bob Dylan ("the jester"), and confirmed that the song culminates with a near-verbatim description of the death of Meredith Hunter at the Altamont Free Concert, ten years after the plane crash that killed Holly, Valens, and Richardson.[22]
Mike Mills of R.E.M. reflected: "American Pie just made perfect sense to me as a song and that's what impressed me the most. I could say to people this is how to write songs. When you've written at least three songs that can be considered classic that is a very high batting average and if one of those songs happens to be something that a great many people think is one of the greatest songs ever written you've not only hit the top of the mountain but you've stayed high on the mountain for a long time."[23]
In 2017, Bob Dylan was asked about how he was referenced in the song. "A jester? Sure, the jester writes songs like 'Masters of War', 'A Hard Rain's a-Gonna Fall', 'It's Alright, Ma' – some jester. I have to think he's talking about somebody else. Ask him."[24]
Personnel[edit]
Don McLean – vocals, acoustic guitar
Paul Griffin – piano [25][26]
David Spinozza – electric guitar
Bob Rothstein – bass
Roy Markowitz – drums, tambourine
West Forty Fourth Street Rhythm and Noise Choir – chorus
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1971–1972)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[27]
1
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[28]
26
Canadian RPM Top Singles
1
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary
1
Germany (Official German Charts)[29]
9
Ireland (IRMA)[30]
7
New Zealand Singles Chart
1
Norway (VG-lista)[31]
9
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[32]
2
US Billboard Hot 100[33]
1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[34]
1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1972)
Position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[27]
4
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[35]
11
US Billboard Hot 100[36]
3
Parodies, revisions, and uses[edit]
In 1999, "Weird Al" Yankovic wrote and recorded a parody of "American Pie".[37] Titled "The Saga Begins", the song recounts the plot of Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace from Obi-Wan Kenobi's point of view. While McLean gave permission for the parody, he did not make a cameo appearance in its video, despite popular rumor. McLean himself praised the parody, even admitting to almost singing Yankovic's lyrics during his own live performances because his children played the song so often.[38][39]
The City of Grand Rapids, Michigan created a lip dub video to "American Pie" in response to a Newsweek article that stated the city was "dying".[40] The video was hailed as a fantastic performance by many including Roger Ebert, who said it was "the greatest music video ever made".[41]
On March 21, 2013, Harmonix announced that "American Pie" would be the final downloadable track made available for the Rock Band series of music video games.[42]
On March 14, 2015, the National Museum of Mathematics announced that one of two winners of its songwriting contest was "American Pi" by mathematics education professor Dr. Lawrence M. Lesser.[43] The contest was in honor of "Pi Day of the Century" because "3/14/15" would be the only day in the 21st-century showing the first five digits of π (pi).
Madonna version[edit]
"American Pie"
Single by Madonna
from the album The Next Best Thing (Music from the Motion Picture)
Released
March 3, 2000
Format
CD single
Recorded
September 1999
(New York City, New York)[44]
Genre
Dance-pop
Length
4:33
Label
Maverick
Warner Bros.
Songwriter(s)
Don McLean
Producer(s)
Madonna
William Orbit
Madonna singles chronology
"Beautiful Stranger"
(1999) "American Pie"
(2000) "Music"
(2000)
Background[edit]
American singer Madonna released a cover version of the song in March 2000 to promote the soundtrack of her film The Next Best Thing (2000), with the song being serviced to radio on February 2.[45] Her cover is much shorter than the original (it contains only the beginning of the first verse and all of the second and sixth verses) and was recorded as a dance-pop song. It was co-produced by Madonna and William Orbit and released on the singer's Maverick label, after Rupert Everett (Madonna's co-star in The Next Best Thing) had convinced her to cover the song for the film's soundtrack.[46][47]
Reception[edit]
Released in March 2000, the song was a worldwide hit, reaching No. 1 in many countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Germany (her first since "La Isla Bonita", in 1987), Switzerland, Austria, and Finland. The song was the 19th best selling of 2000 in the UK and the 9th best selling of 2000 in Italy. The single was not released commercially in the United States, but it reached No. 29 on the Billboard Hot 100 due to strong radio airplay.
NME gave it a negative review, saying that it was "sub-karaoke fluff" and that "it's a blessing she didn't bother recording the whole thing."[48] Chuck Taylor from Billboard, on the other hand, was impressed by the recording and commented, "Applause to Madonna for not pandering to today's temporary trends and for challenging programmers to broaden their playlists. ... In all, a fine preview of the forthcoming soundtrack to The Next Best Thing."[49] Don McLean himself praised the cover, saying it was "a gift from a goddess", and that her version is "mystical and sensual".[50] He also jokingly said, "It means that if I don't want to, I don't have to work again."[51] In 2017, the Official Charts Company stated the song had sold 385,000 copies in the United Kingdom and was her 16th best selling single to date in the nation.[52]
Music video[edit]
The music video, filmed in the southern United States and in London[53] and directed by Philipp Stölzl, depicts a diverse array of ordinary Americans, including scenes showing same-sex couples kissing. Throughout the music video Madonna, who is wearing a tiara on her head, dances and sings in front of a large American flag.
Two official versions of the video were produced, the first of which now appears on Madonna's greatest-hits DVD compilation, Celebration, and was released as the official video worldwide. The second version was issued along with the "Humpty Remix", a more upbeat and dance-friendly version of the song. This video was aired on MTV's dance channel in the United States to promote the film The Next Best Thing, starring Madonna and Rupert Everett; it contains totally different footage and new outtakes of the original and omits the lesbian kiss. Everett, who provides backing vocals in the song, is also featured in the video.
Credits and personnel[edit]
Madonna – vocals, producer
William Orbit – producer, guitars, drums and keyboards
Don McLean – writer
Mark "Spike" Stent – mixing
Rupert Everett – backup vocals
Mark Endert – engineering
Sean Spuehler – engineering, programming
Jake Davies – engineering
Rico Conning – sequencer programming
Dah Len – photography
Credits and personnel adapted from American Pie single liner notes.[54]
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2000)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[55]
1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[56]
3
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[57]
6
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[58]
7
Canadian Singles (Nielsen)[59]
1
European Hot 100 Singles[60]
1
Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[61]
1
France (SNEP)[62]
8
Germany (Official German Charts)[63]
1
Hungary (Mahasz)[64]
1
Iceland (Íslenski Listinn Topp 40)[65]
1
Ireland (IRMA)[66]
2
Italy (FIMI)[67]
1
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[68]
4
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[69]
6
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[70]
4
Norway (VG-lista)[71]
1
Romania (Romanian Top 100)[72]
1
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[73]
1
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[74]
1
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[75]
1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[76]
1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[77]
1
US Billboard Hot 100[78]
29
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[79]
21
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[80]
20
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[81]
1
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[82]
16
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2000)
Position
Australia (ARIA)[83]
66
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[84]
32
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[85]
46
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[86]
44
France (SNEP)[87]
44
Germany (Official German Charts)[88]
16
Italy (FIMI)[89]
9
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[90]
46
Romania (Romanian Top 100)[72]
50
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[91]
9
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[92]
11
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)
19
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[93]
Gold 35,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[94]
Gold 25,000*
France (SNEP)[95]
Silver 125,000*
Sweden (GLF)[96]
Platinum 30,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[97]
Platinum 50,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[98]
Gold 385,000[52]
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
See also[edit]
List of Romanian Top 100 number ones of the 2000s
References[edit]
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ longest shortest billboard songs
Jump up ^ "Understanding American Pie – Interpretation of Don Mclean's epic anthem to the passing of an era". UnderstandingAmericanPie.com. Archived from the original on September 6, 2003. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "National Recording Registry Picks Are "Over the Rainbow"". Library of Congress. March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 29, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Don McLean's 'American Pie' fetches $1.2M Telegram & Gazette (Worcester, Mass) 8 April 2015: A.2.
^ Jump up to: a b c "'American Pie' Still Homemade, but With a New Twist". The New York Times. November 30, 2011. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Release: Don Mclean's Original Manuscript For "American Pie" To Be Sold At Christie's New York, 7 April 2015". Christies.com. February 13, 2015. Retrieved February 14, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Memory Bank's a Little Off, But Sentiment Still Holds". August 12, 2012. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ McDonald, Shannon (November 28, 2011). "Don McLean: 'American Pie' was written in Philly and first performed at Saint Joseph's University". Newsworks.org. Archived from the original on December 22, 2015. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "American Pie". Don McLean.com. p. 68.
Jump up ^ McLean, Don (February 1, 2009). "Commentary: Buddy Holly, rock music genius". CNN. Retrieved November 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ O'Brien, P. (March 3, 1999). "Understanding the lyrics of American Pie: The analysis and interpretation of Don McLean's song lyrics". The Octopus's Garden. Archived from the original on April 7, 2013. Retrieved July 20, 2013. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
Jump up ^ "American Pie". Edlis.org. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ A2267173[dead link]
Jump up ^ McLean, Don (January 2005). Recording Notes: Classic Tracks: Don McLean's 'American Pie'. Jackson, Blair, Mix29.1. pp. 126, 128, 130.
Jump up ^ "Don McLean explains why he won't reveal the meaning of "American Pie"". CBS News. CBS Interactive Inc. March 29, 2017. Retrieved March 30, 2017. "But the quartet practicing in the park, that's not the Beatles?" Axelrod asked. "No," McLean replied.
Jump up ^ Howard, Dr. Alan. "The Don McLean Story: 1970–1976". Don-McLean.com. Archived from the original on July 11, 2007. Retrieved June 3, 2007.
Jump up ^ "What is Don McLean's song "American Pie" all about?". The Straight Dope. May 14, 1993. Archived from the original on May 28, 2007. Retrieved June 3, 2007.
Jump up ^ Howell, Dave (Special to The Morning Call — Freelance) (May 24, 2001). "Singer Don McLean's As American as Apple Pie ** Mayfair 2001 ** Popular". Morning Call (First ed.). Allentown, Pa.
Jump up ^ "Don McLean to reveal meaning of American Pie lyrics". BBC News. February 13, 2015. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "American Pie lyrics sell for $1.2m". BBC News. April 7, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Hawksley, Rupert (April 7, 2015). "American Pie: 6 crazy conspiracy theories". The Daily Telegraph.
Jump up ^ Don McLean: An American Troubadour (Television production). UK: Sky Arts 1. 2013.
Jump up ^ "Bob Dylan's Surprise New Interview: 9 Things We Learned". Retrieved March 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hasted, Nick. "The Making Of… Don McLean's "American Pie"". uncut.co.uk. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Hepworth, Paul (2016). 1971 - Never a Dull Moment: Rock's Best Year. Bantam Press. p. 330. ISBN 978-059307486-2.
^ Jump up to: a b Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (doc). Australian Chart Book, St Ives, N.S.W. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
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Jump up ^ Taylor, Chuck (February 12, 2000). "Spotlight: Madonna "American Pie"". Billboard. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Don McLean Praises Madonna's 'American Pie'". MTV. February 2, 2000. Retrieved May 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ What do you think of Madonna's version of your song American Pie will never ever have to work again – Don McLean: (Final 1 Edition) Spanton, Tim. The Sun (London (UK)) 27 Dec 2000: 8.
^ Jump up to: a b Myers, Justin (August 16, 2017). "Open your chart to me... Madonna's Official 40 Biggest Selling Singles". Official Charts Company. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Romanian Top 100: Top of the Year 2000" (in Romanian). Romanian Top 100. Archived from the original on January 22, 2005.
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Jump up ^ "French single certifications – Madonna – American Pie" (in French). InfoDisc. Retrieved 2016-07-12. Select MADONNA and click OK.
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Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Madonna – American Pie". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 2016-07-12. Select singles in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Type American Pie in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
Further reading[edit]
Adams, Cecil (May 15, 1993). "What is Don McLean's song 'American Pie' all about?". The Straight Dope. Chicago Reader, Inc. Retrieved June 8, 2009. An interpretation of the lyrics based on a supposed interview of McLean by DJ Casey Kasem. McLean later confirmed the Buddy Holly reference in a letter to Adams but denied ever speaking to Kasem.
Roteman, Jeff (August 10, 2002). "Bob Dearborn's Original Analysis of Don McLean's 1971 Classic 'American Pie'". This article correlates McLean's biography with the historic events in the song. McLean pointed to WCFL (Chicago, Illinois) radio disc jockey Bob Dearborn as the partial basis for most mainstream interpretations of "American Pie". Dearborn's analysis, mailed to listeners on request, bears the date January 7, 1972. Roteman's reprinting added photos but replaced the date January 7, 1972, by an audio link bearing the date February 28, 1972, the date Dearborn aired his interpretation on WCFL (http://user.pa.net/~ejjeff/bobpie.ram (Bob Dearborn's American Pie Analysis original broadcast February 28, 1972))
"The WCFL Radio Tribute Page". Retrieved 2018-10-25. Among the potpourri is a copy of the January 7, 1972, Bob Dearborn letter, plus an audio recording, in which he delineates his interpretation of "American Pie".
Fann, Jim. "Understanding American Pie". Archived from the original on September 6, 2003. Historically oriented interpretation of "American Pie". The interpretation was specifically noted on in an archived version of McLean's website page on "American Pie".archived version of McLean's website page on "American Pie". The material, dated November 2002, includes a recording of Dinah Shore singing "See The USA In Your Chevrolet" and a photograph of Mick Jagger in costume at the Altamont Free Concert with a Hells Angel member in the background.
Full "See the USA in Your Chevrolet" lyrics for Dinah Shore on "The Dinah Shore Chevy Show" (1956–1961)
Kulawiec, Rich (August 26, 2001). "FAQ: The Annotated 'American Pie'". Archived from the original on April 19, 2003. Retrieved September 19, 2007. FAQ maintained by Rich Kulawiec, started in 1992 and essentially completed in 1997.
"American Pie—A Rock Epic" A multi-media presentation of Rich Kulawiec's The Annotated "American Pie".
Levitt, Saul (May 26, 1971). "Interpretation of American Pie – analysis, news, Don McLean, Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valens, Rock & Roll". Missamericanpie.co.uk. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
External links[edit]
The Official Website of Don McLean and American Pie provides the songwriter's own biography, lyrics and clues to the song's meaning.
"American Pie" (Madonna music video) on YouTube
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