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Playful Kiss
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This article is about the Korean television series. For the Japanese manga, see Itazura na Kiss. For the Taiwanese television series, see It Started with a Kiss (TV series). For the Taiwanese television series sequel, see They Kiss Again (TV series).
Playful Kiss
Promotional poster for Playful Kiss
Also known as
Mischievous Kiss
Naughty Kiss
Genre
Romance
Comedy
Based on
Itazura na Kiss
by Tada Kaoru
Written by
Go Eun-nim
Directed by
Hwang In-roi
Kim Do-hyung
Starring
Jung So-min
Kim Hyun-joong
Lee Tae-sung
Lee Si-young
Country of origin
South Korea
Original language(s)
Korean
No. of episodes
16
7 (YouTube Special Edition)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Han Hee
Producer(s)
Song Byung-joon
Release
Original network
Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation
Original release
September 1 (2010-09-01) – October 21, 2010 (2010-10-21)
Chronology
Related shows
It Started with a Kiss
Miss in Kiss Mischievous Kiss: Love in Tokyo
Kiss Me (Thailand) (2015)
External links
Website
Korean name
Hangul
장난스런 키스
Revised Romanization
Jangnanseureon Kiseu
McCune–Reischauer
Changnansŭrŏn K‘isŭ
Playful Kiss (Hangul: 장난스런 키스; RR: Jangnanseureon Kiseu; (also known as Mischievous Kiss or Naughty Kiss) is a 2010 South Korean romantic-comedy television series, starring Jung So-min and Kim Hyun-joong.[1][2][3] It aired on MBC from September 1 to October 21, 2010 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 16 episodes.
It is based on the Japanese manga Itazura Na Kiss written by Tada Kaoru. The Korean series is the third television adaptation of the manga following the Taiwanese It Started with a Kiss in 2005, and its sequel They Kiss Again in 2007.[4] Though Playful Kiss received low ratings in South Korea in the five to seven percent range, it was sold to 12 countries in Asia for approximately US$3,400,000 and developed a strong cult following, having been streamed 70 million times on Viki and earning US$400,000 in ad revenue through online streaming.[5][6][7] Due to its international popularity, a short special edition was aired on YouTube after the series finale.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Main characters
2.2 Supporting characters
3 Reception
3.1 Ratings
3.2 Awards and nominations
4 Soundtrack
5 Epilogue
6 Theatrical version
7 International broadcast
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
A ditsy and unpopular Oh Ha-Ni (Jung So-Min) is in love with her opposite, Baek Seung-Jo (Kim Hyun-Joong) who is a smart and popular boy. Tension rises when Oh Ha-Ni writes and delivers her love letter to Baek Seung-Jo to which he gives back, graded.
Embarrassed and heart-broken, Oh Ha-Ni goes home only to have her house collapse in on her, her father and her three friends. As fate would have it, Oh Ha-Ni and her father – Oh Ki-Dong (Kang Nam-Gil) end up being invited to live with Baek Seung-Jo and his family.
Oh Ha-Ni, who is still devoted to Baek Seung-Jo works hard to try and impress Seung-Jo.
Along the way,Ha-Ni becomes tired of Seung-Jo’s cold and uncaring attitude. Bong Joon-gu, who has been liking Ha-Ni for a long time, began chasing for her affection and ultimately, her hand for marriage.
Seung-Jo then realises that she is about to slip away and starts chasing her to win her back.
Cast[edit]
Main characters[edit]
Kim Hyun-joong as Baek Seung-jo
Baek Seung-jo is the smartest and the most handsome guy in the high school. He is rumored to have an IQ of 200, but has a cold attitude. Ha-ni writes him a love letter which he rejects, claiming he hates stupid girls. When Ha-ni and her father move in with his family, he still continues his cold attitude towards her,but warms up to her over time and slowly falls for her. Eventually, he proposes to Ha-ni and decides to be a doctor instead of inheriting his father's gaming company.
Jung So-min as Oh Ha-ni
Oh Ha-ni is a not so bright girl who struggles academically and is the bottom of her class. She has had a crush on Baek Seung-jo, the smartest and most handsome boy in the whole school, for three years. One day, Ha-ni decides to write a love letter for Seung-jo but Seung-jo rejects her publicly, correcting the grammar in her letter. Fate happens when an earthquake strikes Ha-ni's newly built home and they are invited to stay with her father’s childhood friend, who happens to be Seung-jo’s father. Seung-jo is cold to her at first, but he eventually falls for her and their relationship develops. She later marries Seung-jo and decides to become a nurse.
Lee Tae-sung as Bong Joon-gu
Bong Joon-gu has been in love with Oh Ha-ni since his first year of High School. He loves her so much that he follows her everywhere and encourages her, hoping that she will feel the same way. He is devastated when he finds out Ha-ni is dating Seung-jo, but does not give up on her until he finds out that she is marrying Seung-jo. However, he later meets a girl named Chris who has a crush on him, and they start a relationship at the end of the series.
Lee Si-young as Yoon Hae-ra
She is considered to be Baek Seung-jo's female equivalent. She is smart, good-looking and good at tennis like Seung-jo. She takes an interest in him at college, but decides to give up on him when Seung-jo and Ha-ni get married. She later shows interest for Kwang Kyung-soo, the tennis club's vice-president.
Supporting characters[edit]
Baek and Oh families
Jung Hye-young as Hwang Geum-hee, Seung-jo's mother
Oh Kyung-soo as Baek Soo-chang, Seung jo's father
Choi Won-hong as Baek Eun-jo, Seung-jo's brother
Kang Nam-gil as Oh Ki-dong, Ha-ni's father
Tennis club
Choi Sung-gook as Kwang Kyung-soo
Yoon Bo-hyun as Tennis team captain
Extended cast
Hong Yoon-hwa as Jung Joo-ri, Ha-ni's best friend.
Yoon Seung-ah as Dokgo Min-ah, Ha-ni's best friend.
Choi Sung-joon as Kim Gi-tae.
Jang Ah-young as Hong Jang-mi.
Bye Bye Sea as Bong Joon-gu's followers.
Hwang Hyo-eun as Song Kang-yi, Ha-ni's homeroom teacher.
Song Yong-shik as Song Ji-oh.
Moon Hoe-won as Head Teacher Hwang.
Abigail Alderete as Chris.
Reception[edit]
Ratings[edit]
Episode #
Original broadcast date
Average audience share
TNmS Ratings[9]
AGB Nielsen[10]
Nationwide
Seoul National Capital Area
Nationwide
Seoul National Capital Area
1
2010 September 1 3.5% 3.8% 3.6% 4.2%
2
2010 September 2 3.6% 4.5% 3.7% 4.6%
3
2010 September 8 3.2% 3.6% 3.5% 3.9%
4
2010 September 9 3.2% 4.2% 3.4% 4.4%
5
2010 September 15 3.4% 3.9% 3.0% 3.5%
6
2010 September 16 3.0% 4.1% 2.8% 3.9%
7
2010 September 22 5.8% 7.0% 6.3% 7.5%
8
2010 September 23 6.0% 6.4% 5.8% 6.2%
9
2010 September 29 4.0% 4.8% 4.5% 5.3%
10
2010 September 30 8.2% 8.8% 7.5% 8.1%
11
2010 October 6 5.4% 6.1% 5.6% 6.3%
12
2010 October 7 4.9% 5.8% 5.7% 6.6%
13
2010 October 13 5.9% 6.1% 6.0% 6.2%
14
2010 October 14 6.4% 8.3% 5.6% 7.5%
15
2010 October 20 6.0% 7.0% 6.1% 7.1%
16
2010 October 21 6.0% 7.0% 5.9% 6.9%
Average
4.9%
5.7%
4.9%
5.7%
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
2010 Korean Culture and Entertainment Awards Best New Actress for TV Jung So-min Won
MBC Drama Awards Popularity Award Kim Hyun-joong Won
Best New Actor Lee Tae-sung Won
Best New Actress Jung So-min Nominated
Excellence Award, Actor Kim Hyun-joong Nominated
Soundtrack[edit]
[show]Playful Kiss OST Part 1
No.
Title
Length
1. "Will You Kiss Me (키스해줄래)" (G.NA)
2. "Will You Kiss Me (키스해줄래) (Inst.)" (G.NA)
[show]Playful Kiss OST Part 2
No.
Title
Length
1. "One More Time" (Kim Hyun-joong)
2. "One More Time (Inst.)" (Kim Hyun-joong)
[show]Playful Kiss OST Part 3
No.
Title
Length
1. "Saying I Love You (사랑한다 말할까)" (Soyou (SISTAR))
2. "Saying I Love You (사랑한다 말할까) (Inst.)" (Soyou (SISTAR))
[show]Playful Kiss OST
No.
Title
Length
1. "Kiss Kiss Kiss" (Pink ToniQ)
2. "One More Time" (Kim Hyun-joong)
3. "Will You Kiss Me (키스해줄래)" (G.NA)
4. "I Called You (널 부른다)" (RUN)
5. "Try Again" (Pink ToniQ)
6. "Talking to Yourself (혼잣말)" (Lee Tae-sung)
7. "Saying I Love You (사랑한다 말할까)" (Soyou (SISTAR))
8. "Overture for Mischievous Kiss (장난스런 키스)" (Various Artists)
9. "I Love You (Main Theme)" (Various Artists)
10. "Confession (고백)" (Various Artists)
11. "Oh! Chef" (Various Artists)
12. "Run, Run, Run" (Various Artists)
13. "Marriage" (Various Artists)
14. "Love Theme" (Various Artists)
15. "With Friends" (Various Artists)
16. "Love Waltz" (Various Artists)
17. "Campus Life" (Various Artists)
18. "Love and Sorrow" (Various Artists)
19. "Shadow (그림자)" (Various Artists)
20. "Miss More (그리워할수록)" (Various Artists)
21. "Excitement (설레임)" (Various Artists)
[show]Playful Kiss OST Special Edition Part 1
No.
Title
Length
1. "Palpitations (두근두근)" (Park Boram, Kim So-jung, & Lee Bo-ram)
2. "Palpitations (두근두근) (Inst.)" (Park Boram, Kim So-jung, & Lee Bo-ram)
[show]Playful Kiss OST Special Edition Part 2
No.
Title
Length
1. "Have I Told You (말한 적 있나요)" (Howl)
Epilogue[edit]
To show Ha-ni and Seung-jo's married life, Playful Kiss: Special Edition was released on YouTube beginning November 2, 2010.[11][12][13] The seven 10-minute webisodes were subtitled in English, Japanese, Chinese, and Spanish, among others. The online series was popular, with the first episode initially receiving over 1,000,000 hits in the first two days, and over 19,000,000 hits (and counting) for the entire 7 episodes.[8] Kim Hyun-joong was later interviewed by Anna Coren on CNN's TalkAsia in which he discussed the significance of YouTube in spreading awareness about Korean culture.[14][15]
Theatrical version[edit]
On October 19, 2012 it was announced that the drama would be edited down into a film version. This theatrical edition was released exclusively in Japan on a limited run to selected theaters in Tokyo and Osaka in December 2012. It was screened with the original Korean dialogue with subtitles in Japanese.[16] Afterwards, a DVD of the theatrical edition was also released in Japan.[17]
International broadcast[edit]
In Taiwan, it aired on Joong-cheon TV beginning December 2010, where it was the highest-rated program in its timeslot.[18]
In Singapore, it aired on StarHub TV Channel 825 on Saturdays at 10:30 p.m. beginning April 16, 2011.[19]
In Japan, it first aired in December 2010 on Korean cable channel Mnet Japan, followed by reruns in May 2011 on Fuji TV's Hallyuα channel and Japanese cable channel DATV.[20] Kim Hyun-joong and Jung So-min held a promotional event on May 3, 2011 which was attended by 6,000 fans; part of the proceeds were donated to victims of the March 11 earthquake.[21][22][23]
In the Philippines, it aired on GMA Network in an afternoon timeslot on Mondays through Fridays from May 30 to July 15, 2011.[24][25][26][27][28]
In the Philippines, it aired on RED by HBO begins January 30, 2016 every Saturday at 10:00pm to 11:00pm
In the Middle East, it aired on MBC 4 dubbed as al koubla al mo'zia, beginning January 19, 2014 from Sundays to Thursdays at 4:00 p.m., with reruns at 11:00 p.m.
In India, it aired on Puthuyugam TV on Mondays to Fridays at 7:30 p.m dubbed in the Tamil language during the K-series TV block.
In Indonesia, it aired on RTV on Mondays to Fridays at 2:00 p.m.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Kang, Myoung-seok (August 27, 2010). "TV series Naughty Kiss press conference - Part 1". 10Asia. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kang, Myoung-seok (August 27, 2010). "TV series Naughty Kiss press conference - Part 2". 10Asia. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Oh, Jean (August 29, 2010). "Kim Hyun-joong eager to prove worth as actor". The Korea Herald. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ Han, Sang-hee (August 30, 2010). "Will Naughty Kiss create magic?". The Korea Times. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kim, Jessica (September 15, 2010). "Kim Hyun-joong series Naughty Kiss sold to 12 countries". 10Asia. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hong, Lucia (November 1, 2010). "Korean drama Naughty Kiss sold to 11 Asian countries". 10Asia. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Frankel, David (April 12, 2012). "How Korean TV drama Playful Kiss flopped locally but hit globally". GigaOM. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Hong, Lucia (November 4, 2010). "YouTube version of Kim Hyun-joong Naughty Kiss a big hit". 10Asia. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ "TNMS Daily Ratings: this links to current day-select the date from drop down menu". TNMS Ratings (in Korean). Archived from the original on November 28, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ "AGB Daily Ratings: this links to current day-select the date from drop down menu". AGB Nielsen Media Research (in Korean). Archived from the original on December 26, 2013. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kim, Jessica (September 15, 2010). "YouTube version of Naughty Kiss to air starting Nov". 10Asia. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Kim, Jessica (November 2, 2010). "Kim Hyun-joong to show "deeper affection" to Jung So-min". 10Asia. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Yu, Roger (March 21, 2013). "American audiences: I want my international TV". USA Today. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Naughty Kiss report on CNN". Hancinema. November 12, 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "CNN to hold exclusive interview with Kim Hyun Joong on the success of Playful Kiss". Allkpop. November 5, 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://navicon.jp/news/16186/
Jump up ^ http://datv.jp/shopping/user_data/packages/default/itakissdvd.html
Jump up ^ "Kim Hyun-joong appeals to Asia". Hancinema. February 9, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "More K entertainment on StarHub TV". Seoul Rhythms. April 6, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kim Hyun-joong Naughty Kiss to air in Japan starting Dec". 10Asia. August 24, 2010. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://datv.jp/p000223/
Jump up ^ Kim, Heidi (May 3, 2011). "Kim Hyun-joong participates in Naughty Kiss event in Japan". 10Asia. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kim, Heidi (May 4, 2011). "Kim Hyun-joong meet with fans in Japan for Naughty Kiss". 10Asia. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Youtube sensation Playful Kiss comes to TV on GMA-7". GMA News Online. May 31, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Playful Kiss airs on GMA". The Philippine Star. June 5, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ Deen, Catherine (May 25, 2011). "Playful Kiss to air on local TV". Yahoo!. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Afternoon Koreanovela, Playful Kiss ends this Friday". GMA News Online. July 14, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Deen, Catherine (July 15, 2011). "Fueling your Playful Kiss addiction". Yahoo!. Retrieved July 11, 2014.
External links[edit]
Playful Kiss official MBC website (in Korean)
Playful Kiss's channel on YouTube
Playful Kiss at HanCinema
Playful Kiss on IMDb
[show]
v
t
e
Itazura na Kiss by Kaoru Tada
Anime
List of Itazura na Kiss episodes
Television series
Japan
Itazura na Kiss (1996)
Mischievous Kiss: Love in Tokyo (2013)
Mischievous Kiss 2: Love in Tokyo (2014)
Taiwan
It Started with a Kiss (2005–2006)
They Kiss Again (2007–2008)
Miss in Kiss (2016-2017)
South Korea
Playful Kiss (2010)
Thailand
Kiss Me (2015)
Films
Mischievous Kiss: The Movie - High School (2016)
Mischievous Kiss: The Movie - Campus (2017)
Mischievous Kiss: The Movie - The Proposal (2017)
[show]
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Akita (dog)
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Akita
Other names
Akita Inu
Akita Ken
Japanese Akita
American Akita
Great Japanese Dog
Origin
Japan
[show]Traits
Weight
Male Akita Inu: 60–90 pounds (27–41 kg); American Akita: 80–130 pounds (36–59 kg)
Female Akita Inu: 50–80 pounds (23–36 kg); American Akita: 70–110 pounds (32–50 kg)
Height
Male Akita Inu: 25–27 inches (64–69 cm); American Akita: 26–28 inches (66–71 cm)
Female Akita Inu: 23–25 inches (58–64 cm); American Akita: 24–26 inches (61–66 cm)
Coat
Akita Inu: Double coat; American Akita: Double coat
Color
Akita Inu: Red, brindle, or white, all with white fur on the ventral areas of the dog ( genetics variants can include black & grey )(urajiro); American Akita: All sable colors usually with black mask and pinto markings
Litter size
3–12 puppies, avg. 7–8
Life span
10 years[1]
[hide]Classification / standards
FCI
Group 5, Section 5 Asian Spitz and related breeds ##255 (Japanese), #344 (American) Akita Inu
American Akita standard
AKC
Working Group standard
ANKC
Group 6 (Utility) Japanese
American standard
CKC
Group 3 – Working Dogs standard
KC (UK)
Utility Japanese
American standard
NZKC
Utility Japanese
American standard
UKC
Northern Breed Japanese
American standard
Notes
National dog of Japan,
Prefecture animal of Akita
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
The Akita (秋田犬, Akita-inu, Akita-ken) is a large breed of dog originating from the mountainous northern regions of Japan. There are two separate varieties of Akita: a Japanese strain, commonly called "Akita Ken" in Japan, "Akita Inu" ("inu" means "dog" in Japanese), or "Japanese Akita"; and an American strain, known as the "Akita" or "American Akita".[2] The Japanese strain called the Akita Inu comes in a narrow palette of colors, with all other colors considered atypical of the breed, while the American strain known simply as the Akita comes in all dog colors.[3] The Akita has a short double-coat similar to that of many other northern spitz breeds such as the Siberian Husky, but long-coated dogs can be found in many litters due to a recessive gene.
The Akita is a powerful, independent and dominant breed, commonly aloof with strangers but affectionate with family members. As a breed, Akitas are generally hardy, but they have been known to suffer from various genetic conditions and can be sensitive to certain drugs.
In all countries (except the United States and Canada) the Japanese and American strains of Akita are considered two separate breeds. In the United States and Canada, however, the two strains are considered a single breed with differences in type. For a while, the American strain of Akita was known in some countries as the "Great Japanese Dog". Both forms of Akita are probably best known worldwide from the true story of Hachikō, a loyal Akita who lived in Japan before World War II.
Contents
[hide]
1 Breed name
2 History
2.1 Japanese history
2.2 American history
3 Description
3.1 Appearance
3.2 Coat types
3.3 Grooming needs
4 Temperament
5 Training
5.1 Commands training for Akita puppies
6 Health
6.1 Autoimmune diseases
6.2 Immune-mediated endocrine diseases
6.3 Non-immune specific conditions
6.4 Breed specific conditions
7 Working life
8 See also
9 References
9.1 Further reading
10 External links
Breed name[edit]
A Japanese Akita
An American Akita
There is debate among fanciers whether there are two separate breeds of Akita. To date, only the American Kennel Club,[4] and the Canadian Kennel Club[citation needed] consider American and Japanese Akitas to be two varieties of the same breed, allowing free breeding between the two. The United Kennel Club,[5] The Federation Cynologique Internationale,[6] The Kennel Club,[7][8] the Australian National Kennel Council,[9] the New Zealand Kennel Club,[10][11] and the Japan Kennel Club[citation needed] consider Japanese and American Akitas as separate breeds.[12] Some countries refer to the American Akita as simply the "Akita" and not the American Akita. The issue is especially controversial in Japan.[13] For the FCI's 84 countries, the breed split formally occurred June 1999, when the FCI decided that the American type would be called the Great Japanese Dog,[12] later renamed the American Akita in January 2006.[12]
History[edit]
Japanese history[edit]
Japanese Akita
Japanese history, both verbal and written, describe the ancestors of the Akita, the Matagi dog （Japanese:マタギ犬）(hunting dog, Bear hunting dog, Deer hunting dog),[14] as one of the oldest of the native dogs. Today's Akita developed primarily from dogs in the northernmost region of the island of Honshū in the Akita prefecture, thus providing the breed's name.[14] The Matagi's quarry included wild boar, Sika deer, and Asian black bear.[citation needed] This precursor dog tracked large game, holding it at bay until hunters arrived to make the kill. The breed is also influenced by crosses with larger breeds from Asia and Europe, including English Mastiffs,[citation needed] Great Danes,[14] St. Bernards,[14] and the Tosa Inu,[14] in the desire to develop a fighting dog for the burgeoning dog fighting industry in Odate in the early 20th century.[14] During World War II the Akita was also crossed with German Shepherd Dogs in an attempt to save them from the wartime government order for all non-military dogs to be culled.[14] The ancestors of the American Akita were originally a variety of the Japanese Akita, a form that was not desired in Japan due to the markings, and which is not eligible for show competition.[12]
Brindle Japanese Akitas
The story of Hachikō, the most revered Akita of all time, helped push the Akita into the international dog world. Hachiko was born in 1923 and owned by Professor Hidesaburō Ueno of Tokyo.[15] Professor Ueno lived near the Shibuya Train Station in a suburb of the city and commuted to work every day on the train.[16] Hachikō accompanied his master to and from the station each day.[16] On May 25, 1925, when the dog was 18 months old, he waited for his master's arrival on the four o'clock train, but Professor Ueno had suffered a fatal brain haemorrhage at work.[16] Hachikō continued to wait for his master's return.[16] He travelled to and from the station each day for the next nine years.[16] He allowed the professor's relatives to care for him, but he never gave up the vigil at the station for his master.[16] His vigil became world-renowned when, in 1934,[17] shortly before his death, a bronze statue was erected at the Shibuya train station in his honor.[16] This statue was melted down for munitions during the war, but a new one was commissioned after the war.[17] Each year on April 8 since 1936, Hachikō's devotion has been honoured with a solemn ceremony of remembrance at Tokyo's Shibuya railroad station.[18][19] Eventually, Hachikō's legendary faithfulness became a national symbol of loyalty, particularly to the person and institution of the Emperor.[20]
In 1931, the Akita was officially declared a Japanese Natural Monument. The Mayor of Odate City in Akita Prefecture organized the Akita Inu Hozonkai to preserve the original Akita as a Japanese natural treasure through careful breeding.[16] In 1934 the first Japanese breed standard for the Akita Inu was listed, following the breed's declaration as a natural monument of Japan.[21] In 1967, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Akita Dog Preservation Society, the Akita Dog Museum was built to house information, documents and photos.[16] There is a tradition in Japan, that when a child is born they receive a statue of an Akita. This statue symbolizes health, happiness, and a long life.[22]
The Akita "Tachibana",[23] one of the few Akitas to survive the war, pictured here on a Japanese 1953 issue postage stamp.
In 1937, Helen Keller travelled to Japan. She expressed a keen interest in the breed and was presented with the first two Akitas to enter the US.[24] The first dog, presented to her by Mr. Ogasawara and named Kamikaze-go, died at 7 1/2 months of age from distemper, one month after her return to the States. A second Akita was arranged to be sent to Miss Keller: Kamikaze's litter brother, Kenzan-go.[25] Kenzan-go died in the mid-1940s.[26] By 1939 a breed standard had been established and dog shows had been held, but such activities stopped after World War II began.[citation needed] Keller wrote in the Akita Journal:
“ If ever there was an angel in fur, it was Kamikaze. I know I shall never feel quite the same tenderness for any other pet. The Akita dog has all the qualities that appeal to me — he is gentle, companionable and trusty.[27][28] ”
Just as the breed was stabilizing in its native land, World War II pushed the Akita to the brink of extinction. Early in the war the dogs suffered from lack of nutritious food. Then many were killed to be eaten by the starving populace, and their pelts were used as clothing. Finally, the government ordered all remaining dogs to be killed on sight to prevent the spread of disease. The only way concerned owners could save their beloved Akitas was to turn them loose in remote mountain areas, where they bred back with their ancestor dogs, the Matagi,[14] or conceal them from authorities by means of crossing with German Shepherd dogs, and naming them in the style of German Shepherd dogs of the time.[14] Morie Sawataishi and his efforts to breed the Akita is a major reason this breed exists today.[29]
During the occupation years following the war, the breed began to thrive again through the efforts of Sawataishi and others.[23] For the first time, Akitas were bred for a standardized appearance.[30] Akita fanciers in Japan began gathering and exhibiting the remaining Akitas and producing litters in order to restore the breed to sustainable numbers and to accentuate the original characteristics of the breed muddied by crosses to other breeds.[31] U.S. servicemen fell in love with the Akita and imported many with them upon their return.
American history[edit]
Faithful dog Hachikō was a dog who became legendary in Japan, after waiting every day for his master at Shibuya Station in central Tokyo.
9 week old American Akita
A female American Akita.
The Japanese Akita and American Akita began to diverge in type during the Post–World War II era.[citation needed] It was during this time, that US servicemen serving as part of the occupation force in Japan first came into contact with the Akita, the breed so impressed them that many servicemembers chose to bring an Akita back home with them upon completion of their tour.[citation needed] American servicemembers were typically more impressed with the larger more bear-like fighting Akita or German Shepherd type than they were with the smaller framed and fox-like Akita-Inu; the types of dogs they brought back with them to the US reflected this sentiment.[citation needed] Japanese Akita fanciers focused on restoring the breed as a work of Japanese art or to 'Natural Monument' status.[citation needed] American Akita fanciers chose to breed larger, heavier-boned and more intimidating dogs.[citation needed] Although, both types derive from a common ancestry, there are marked differences between the two.[32] First, while American Akitas are acceptable in all colors, Japanese Akitas are only permitted to be red, fawn, sesame, white, or brindle.[citation needed] Additionally, American Akitas may be pinto and/or have black masks, unlike Japanese Akitas where it is considered a disqualification and not permitted in the breed standards.[citation needed] American Akitas generally are heavier boned and larger, with a more bear-like head, whereas Japanese Akitas tend to be lighter and more finely featured with a fox-like head.[12]
Recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1955, it was placed in the Miscellaneous class.[citation needed] It was not until the end of 1972 that the AKC approved the Akita standard and it was moved to the Working dog class, as such, the Akita is a rather new breed in the United States.[citation needed] Foundation stock in America continued to be imported from Japan until 1974 when the AKC cut off registration to any further Japanese imports until 1992 when it recognized the Japan Kennel Club.[citation needed] The decision by the AKC to disallow the registration of any further imported dogs in 1974, set the stage for the divergence in type between the American Akita and Japanese Akita Inu that is present today.[citation needed]
Elsewhere in the world, the American Akita was first introduced to the UK in 1937, he was a Canadian import, owned by a Mrs. Jenson, however the breed was not widely known until the early 1980s.[26] The breed was introduced in Australia in 1982 with an American Import and to New Zealand in 1986 with an import from the U.K.[26]
Description[edit]
American Akitas (left) and Japanese Akitas (right)
Akita hiking in Shpella e Pëllumbasit, Tirana, Albania.
Appearance[edit]
As a spitz breed, the appearance of the Akita reflects cold weather adaptations essential to their original function.[33] The Akita is a substantial breed for its height with heavy bones.[citation needed] Characteristic physical traits of the breed include a large, bear-like head with erect, triangular ears set at a slight angle following the arch of the neck.[citation needed] Additionally, the eyes of the Akita are small, dark, deeply set and triangular in shape.[34] Akitas have thick double coats, and tight, well knuckled cat-like feet.[citation needed] Their tails are carried over the top of the back in a gentle or double curl down the loin.[35]
Mature American type males measure typically 26–28 inches (66–71 cm) at the withers and weigh between 100–130 lb (45–59 kg).[citation needed] Mature females typically measure 24–26 inches (61–66 cm) and weigh between 70–100 lb (32–45 kg).[36] The Japanese type, as stated in the breed standards, are a little smaller and lighter.[citation needed]
Breed standards state that all dog breed coat colors are allowable in the American Akita, including pinto, all types of brindle, solid white, black mask, white mask, self-colored mask, even differing colors of under coat and overlay (guard hairs).[37] This includes the common Shiba Inu coloring pattern known as Urajiro.[citation needed] The Japanese Akitas, as per the breed standards, are restricted to red, fawn, sesame, brindle, pure white, all with "Urajiro" markings i.e., whitish coat on the sides of the muzzle, on the cheeks, on the underside of jaw, neck, chest, body and tail and on the inside of the legs.[7]
Coat types[edit]
Long Coat Akita
There are two coat types in the Akita, the standard coat length and the long coat.[38] The long coat is considered a fault in the show ring, however.[38] The long coat, also known as 'Moku' is the result of an autosomal recessive gene and may only occur phenotypically if both sire and dam are carriers. They have longer (about 3–4 inches in length) and softer coats[39] and are known to have sweeter temperaments.[38] It is believed that this gene comes from the now extinct Karafuto-Ken 樺太犬.[40] Unlike their short coat cousins, the long coats are less highly prized and thus more affordable.[41]
Grooming needs[edit]
American Akitas are a low maintenance dog breed. Grooming them should be an easy process. They are fairly heavy shedders and can go heavier than normal two to three times per year. Daily brushing could be a good way to reduce this problem. This breed needs to bathe every few months, although it can be more often, depending on the needs of each owner. Toenails should be trimmed every month, and their ears should be cleaned once a week.
Temperament[edit]
The Akita is generally seen as territorial about its property, and can be reserved with strangers.[citation needed] It is sometimes described as feline in its actions; it is not unusual for an Akita to clean its face after eating, to preen its kennel mate, and to be fastidious in the house.[42] They are known to be intolerant of other dogs of the same sex, as stated in the AKC breed standard.[4]
Since it is a large, powerful dog, the Akita is not considered a breed for a first time dog owner.[citation needed] The breed has been targeted by some countries' breed-specific legislation as a dangerous dog.[43][44][45][46] The Akita is a large, strong, independent and dominant dog.[citation needed] A dog with the correct Akita temperament should be accepting of non-threatening strangers, yet protective of their family when faced with a threatening situation.[citation needed] As a breed they should be good with children; it is said that the breed has an affinity for children.[47] Not all Akitas will necessarily have the same temperament.[48] An akita fatally injured an Arizona woman who was trying to rehabilitate it.[49][50]
Akitas tend to take a socially dominant role with other dogs, and thus caution must be used in situations when Akitas are likely to be around other dogs, especially unfamiliar ones.[citation needed] In particular, Akitas tend to be less tolerant of dogs of the same sex.[citation needed] For this reason, Akitas, unless highly socialized, are not generally well-suited for off-leash dog parks.[42] The Akita is said to be careful, courageous, fearless, and intelligent.[citation needed] Sometimes spontaneous, it needs a confident, consistent handler, without which the dog will be very wilful and may become very aggressive to other dogs and animals.[48]
Training[edit]
The Akita Inu is one of the most dominant dog breeds. And therefore, training should start in an early age of 7 – 8 weeks.[51]
Training your Akita will help you achieve the Alpha role in the pack. Which will help you to reduce your dog’s aggression toward people and other pets.[51]
Commands training for Akita puppies[edit]
It’s important to understand the nature of your Akita puppies. Puppies are very energetic and hyperactive. And therefore, new commands training should not last for more than 10 minutes. Otherwise, your puppy will lose focus and the entire session will be pointless.[51]
You should start the training in a familiar place, and then slowly start training your puppy in a new environment. This will make the training process much easier.[51] Use of a "Gentle leader" nose harness is an excellent way to train an Akita; and intermittent use as needed has a residual beneficial effect on temperament and behavior even after it is removed.[52]
Health[edit]
Autoimmune diseases[edit]
There are many autoimmune diseases that are known to sometimes occur in the Akita. These include, but are not limited to:
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome,[53][54] also known as Uveo-Dermatologic Syndrome is an auto-immune condition which affects the skin and eyes.[55]
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia,[56] which is an autoimmune blood disorder.[57]
Sebaceous adenitis[58][59][60] is an autoimmune skin disorder believed to be of autosomal recessive inheritance.[58]
Pemphigus foliaceus[61] is an autoimmune skin disorder, believed to be genetic.[62]
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or lupus, is a systemic autoimmune disease (or autoimmune connective tissue disease) that can affect any part of the body.[63]
Immune-mediated endocrine diseases[edit]
In addition to these there are also the immune-mediated endocrine diseases with a heritable factor, such as:
Hypoadrenocorticism also known as Addison's disease, it affects the adrenal glands and is essentially the opposite to Cushing's syndrome.[64]
Diabetes mellitus, also known as type 1 diabetes. It affects the pancreas.[64]
Hypothyroidism,[65] also known as autoimmune hypothyroidism. This is an autoimmune disease which affects the thyroid gland.[66]
Non-immune specific conditions[edit]
Other non-immune specific conditions known to have occurred in the Akita include:
Gastric dilation is also known as bloat; may progressive to gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), in which the stomach twists on itself.[67]
Microphthalmia, meaning "small eyes", is a developmental disorder of the eye, believed to be an autosomal recessive genetic condition.[68]
Primary glaucoma,[69] Increased pressure in the eye.[70]
Progressive retinal atrophy[69][71] progressive degeneration of the retina (portion of the eye that senses light and allows sight).[70]
Hip dysplasia[56] a skeletal condition where the head of the femur does not fit properly into the hip socket. Leads to osteoarthritis and pain.[72]
Elbow dysplasia[56] a skeletal condition in which the components of the elbow joint (the humerus, radius, and ulna) do not line up properly, leading to osteoarthritis and pain.[73]
Von Willebrands disease,[74][75][76] a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in Von Willebrand factor.[77]
Cushing’s Syndrome also known as hyperadrenocorticism, it affects the adrenal glands and is caused by long-term exposure to high levels of glucocorticosteroids, either manufactured by the body or given as medications.[64]
Breed specific conditions[edit]
There are two breed specific conditions mentioned in veterinary literature:
Immune sensitivity to vaccines, drugs, insecticides, anesthetics and tranquilizers[63]
Pseudohyperkalemia, a rise in the amount of potassium that occurs due to its excessive leakage from red blood cells (RBCs) when blood is drawn. This can give a false indication of hyperkalemia on lab tests, hence the prefix pseudo, meaning false.[63] This occurs because many eastern Asian breeds, including Akitas and Shiba Inus, have a higher level of potassium in their RBCs than other dogs.[78]
Working life[edit]
Predecessors of the modern Akita were used for hunting bear, wild boar and deer in Japan as late as 1957.[79] They would be used to flush out the bear and keep it at bay until the hunter could come and kill it. Today, the breed is used primarily as a companion dog. However, the breed is currently also known to be used as therapy dogs,[80] and compete in all dog competitions including: conformation showing, obedience trials, canine good citizen program, tracking trials and agility competition,[81] as well as weight pulling, hunting and schutzhund (i.e., personal protection dogs).[82]
See also[edit]
Dogs portal
Japan portal
Ginga: Nagareboshi Gin
Hachi: A Dog's Tale
Hokkaido (dog)
Kai Ken
Kishu
Lovely Muco
Nihon Ken Hozonkai
Shikoku (dog)
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b c d "Akita Inu Puppies training - Akitainu.com". Akitainu.com. 2017-06-06. Retrieved 2017-06-06.
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Jump up ^ Angles, J. M.; Famula, T. R.; Pedersen, N. C. (2005). "Uveodermatologic (VKH-like) syndrome in American Akita dogs is associated with an increased frequency of DQA1*00201". Tissue Antigens. 66 (6): 656–65. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00508.x. PMID 16305682.
Jump up ^ Cottelll, Beverley D.; Barnett, K. C. (1987). "Harada's disease in the Japanese Akita". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 28 (6): 517–21. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1987.tb01445.x.
Jump up ^ Monaco, Marie. "Uveodermatologic Syndrome (UDS, VKH)". Samoyed Club of America. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Diseases of The Japanese Akita-Inu". Japanese Akita Club of America. Archived from the original on 2014-12-29. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Day, M.J (1999). "Antigen specificity in canine autoimmune haemolytic anaemia". Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 69 (2–4): 215–24. doi:10.1016/S0165-2427(99)00055-0. PMID 10507306.
^ Jump up to: a b Reichler, Iris M.; Hauser, Beat; Schiller, Irene; Dunstan, Robert W.; Credille, Kelly M.; Binder, Heinrich; Glaus, Toni; Arnold, Susi (2001). "Sebaceous adenitis in the Akita: Clinical observations, histopathology and heredity". Veterinary Dermatology. 12 (5): 243–53. doi:10.1046/j.0959-4493.2001.00251.x. PMID 11906649.
Jump up ^ Spaterna, A.; Antognoni, M.T.; Cappuccini, S.; Tesei, B. (2003). "Sebaceous Adenitis in the Dog: Three Cases". Veterinary Research Communications. 27: 441–3. doi:10.1023/B:VERC.0000014199.39879.bb. PMID 14535449.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Niels C. "Determining whether risk for sebaceous adenitis of Standard Poodles is associated with a specific DLA class II genotype" (pdf). Retrieved 22 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Kuhl, K. A.; Shofer, F. S.; Goldschmidt, M. H. (1994). "Comparative Histopathology of Pemphigus Foliaceus and Superficial Folliculitis in the Dog". Veterinary Pathology. 31 (1): 19–27. doi:10.1177/030098589403100103. PMID 8140722.
Jump up ^ "Pemphigus" (website). The Akita Association (UK). Retrieved 22 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Diseases in the American Akita" (pdf). Akita Rescue Mid-Atlantic Coast (USA). Retrieved 3 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bouyet, Barbara; Meyers, Alicia; Eltinge, Steve; Dodds, Jean (2002). Akita, Treasure of Japan. 2. Thousand Oaks, California, USA: Magnum Publishing. pp. 268–269. ISBN 0-9716146-0-1. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Kennedy, L. J.; Quarmby, S.; Happ, G. M.; Barnes, A.; Ramsey, I. K.; Dixon, R. M.; Catchpole, B.; Rusbridge, C.; Graham, P. A.; Hillbertz, N. S.; Roethel, C.; Dodds, W. J.; Carmichael, N. G.; Ollier, W. E. R. (2006). "Association of canine hypothyroidism with a common major histocompatibility complex DLA class II allele". Tissue Antigens. 68 (1): 82–6. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00614.x. PMID 16774545.
Jump up ^ "The Akita – Diseases" (website). Akita Alumni Dog Club. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Bell, Jerold S. "Risk Factors for Canine Bloat" (website). malamute health. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Microphthalmia" (website). Canine Inherited Disorders Database. 1998. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Startup, F. (1986). "Hereditary eye problems in the Japanese akita". Veterinary Record. 118 (9): 251. doi:10.1136/vr.118.9.251-b.
^ Jump up to: a b Turner, Andrew; Hurn, Simon. "Eye Diseases and Information". All Animal Eye Services. Archived from the original (website) on August 5, 2009. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Clements, P. J. M.; Sargan, D. R.; Gould, D. J.; Petersen-Jones, S. M. (1996). "Recent advances in understanding the spectrum of canine generalised progressive retinal atrophy". Journal of Small Animal Practice. 37 (4): 155–62. doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.1996.tb01950.x. PMID 8731401.
Jump up ^ "Treatment Options for Mature Canine Hip Dysplasia (Osteoarthritis stage)" (PDF). Colorado State University. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Dog Joint Problems" (website). JointPainInDogs.com. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Dodds, Jean (2005). "Bleeding Disorders" (website). World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Von Willebrand Disease" (pdf). The Furry Critter Network. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Brooks, M. (1999). "A review of canine inherited bleeding disorders: Biochemical and molecular strategies for disease characterization and carrier detection" (PDF). Journal of Heredity. 90 (1): 112–8. doi:10.1093/jhered/90.1.112  . PMID 9987916.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Julie B.; Latimer, Kenneth S.; Bain, Perry J.; Tarpley, Heather L. "Von Willebrand's Disease" (website). Veterinary Clinical Pathology Clerkship Program. Retrieved 8 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Battison, Andrea (2007). "Apparent pseudohyperkalemia in a Chinese Shar Pei dog". Veterinary Clinical Pathology. 36 (1): 89–93. doi:10.1111/j.1939-165X.2007.tb00188.x. PMID 17311201.
Jump up ^ "Bear hunting in Japan 1957" (website). Raritan River Akita Club inc. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Working Akitas" (website). Akita Network. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Andrews, Barbara J. (1996). "6 – Sport of purebred dogs". Akitas. N.J. USA: TFH Publications Inc. pp. 74–99. ISBN 0-7938-2760-4.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Jason (1996). Guide to Owning an Akita. N.J. USA: T.F.H. Publications Inc. p. 54. ISBN 0-7938-1878-8.
Further reading[edit]
Skabelund, Aaron Herald (2011). Empire of Dogs: Canines, Japan, and the Making of the Modern Imperial World (A Study of the Weatherhead East Asian Institute (print). Ithaca, NY: Columbia University. ISBN 978-0-8014-5025-9. ISBN 080145025X
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