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Electrical conduction system of the heart
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Electrical conduction system of the heart
Heart; conduction system. 1. SA node. 2. AV node. 3. Bundle of His. 8. Septum
Details
Identifiers
Latin
systema conducens cordis
MeSH
D006329
TA
A12.1.06.002
FMA
9476
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The electrical conduction system of the heart transmits signals generated usually by the sinoatrial node to cause contraction of the heart muscle. The pacemaking signal generated in the sinoatrial node travels through the right atrium to the atrioventricular node, along the Bundle of His and through bundle branches to cause contraction of the heart muscle. This signal stimulates contraction first of the right and left atrium, and then the right and left ventricles. This process allows blood to be pumped throughout the body.
The conduction system consists of specialised heart muscle cells, and is situated within the myocardium. There is a skeleton of fibrous tissue that surrounds the conduction system which can be seen on an ECG. Dysfunction of the conduction system can cause irregular, fast, or slow heart rhythms.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Development
2 Function
2.1 Action potential generation
2.2 Requirements for effective pumping
3 ECG
3.1 SA node: P wave
3.2 AV node and bundles: PR interval
3.3 Purkinje fibers/ventricular myocardium: QRS complex
3.4 Ventricular repolarization
4 Clinical significance
4.1 Arrhythmia
4.1.1 Speed
4.1.2 Physiological
4.2 Pacemakers
5 See also
6 References
Structure[edit]
Overview of the system of electrical conduction which maintains the rhythmical contraction of the heart
Electrical signals arising in the SA node (located in the right atrium) stimulate the atria to contract and travel to the atrioventricular node (AV node), which is located in the interatrial septum. After a delay, the stimulus diverges and is conducted through the left and right bundle of His to the respective Purkinje fibers for each side of the heart, as well as to the endocardium at the apex of the heart, then finally to the ventricular epicardium.[1]
On the microscopic level, the wave of depolarization propagates to adjacent cells via gap junctions located on the intercalated disc. The heart is a functional syncytium (not to be confused with a true "syncytium" in which all the cells are fused together, sharing the same plasma membrane as in skeletal muscle). In a functional syncytium, electrical impulses propagate freely between cells in every direction, so that the myocardium functions as a single contractile unit. This property allows rapid, synchronous depolarization of the myocardium. While advantageous under normal circumstances, this property can be detrimental, as it has potential to allow the propagation of incorrect electrical signals. These gap junctions can close to isolate damaged or dying tissue, as in a myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Development[edit]
Embryologic evidence of generation of the cardiac conduction system illuminates the respective roles of this specialized set of cells. Innervation of the heart begins with a brain only centered parasympathetic cholinergic first order. It is then followed by rapid growth of a second order sympathetic adrenergic system arising from the formation of the thoracic spinal ganglia. The third order of electrical influence of the heart is derived from the vagus nerve as the other peripheral organs form.[2]
Function[edit]
Action potential generation[edit]
Main article: Cardiac action potential
Cardiac muscle has some similarities to neurons and skeletal muscle, as well as important unique properties. Like a neuron, a given myocardial cell has a negative membrane potential when at rest. Stimulation above a threshold value induces the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and a flood of cations into the cell. The positively charged ions entering the cell cause the depolarization characteristic of an action potential. Like skeletal muscle, depolarization causes the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels and release of Ca2+ from the t-tubules. This influx of calcium causes calcium-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and free Ca2+ causes muscle contraction. After a delay, potassium channels reopen, and the resulting flow of K+ out of the cell causes repolarization to the resting state.[3][4]
There are important physiological differences between nodal cells and ventricular cells; the specific differences in ion channels and mechanisms of polarization give rise to unique properties of SA node cells, most important, the spontaneous depolarizations necessary for the SA node's pacemaker activity.
Requirements for effective pumping[edit]
In order to maximize efficiency of contractions and cardiac output, the conduction system of the heart has:
Substantial atrial to ventricular delay. This will allow the atria to completely empty their contents into the ventricles; simultaneous contraction would cause inefficient filling and backflow. The atria are electrically isolated from the ventricles, connected only via the AV node which briefly delays the signal.
Coordinated contraction of ventricular cells. The ventricles must maximize systolic pressure to force blood through the circulation, so all the ventricular cells must work together.
Ventricular contraction begins at the apex of the heart, progressing upwards to eject blood into the great arteries. Contraction that squeezes blood towards the exit is more efficient than a simple squeeze from all directions. Although the ventricular stimulus originates from the AV node in the wall separating the atria and ventricles, the Bundle of His conducts the signal to the apex.
Depolarization propagates through cardiac muscle very rapidly. Cells of the ventricles contract nearly simultaneously.
The action potentials of cardiac muscle are unusually sustained. This prevents premature relaxation, maintaining initial contraction until the entire myocardium has had time to depolarize and contract.
Absence of tetany. After contracting, the heart must relax to fill up again. Sustained contraction of the heart without relaxation would be fatal, and this is prevented by a temporary inactivation of certain ion channels.
ECG[edit]
See also: Electrocardiogram
The ECG complex. P=P wave, PR=PR interval, QRS=QRS complex, QT=QT interval, ST=ST segment, T=T wave
Principle of ECG formation. Note that the red lines represent the depolarization wave, not bloodflow.
An electrocardiogram is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart.
SA node: P wave[edit]
Under normal conditions, electrical activity is spontaneously generated by the SA node, the cardiac pacemaker. This electrical impulse is propagated throughout the right atrium, and through Bachmann's bundle to the left atrium, stimulating the myocardium of the atria to contract. The conduction of the electrical impulses throughout the atria is seen on the ECG as the P wave.[3][5]
As the electrical activity is spreading throughout the atria, it travels via specialized pathways, known as internodal tracts, from the SA node to the AV node.
AV node and bundles: PR interval[edit]
The AV node functions as a critical delay in the conduction system. Without this delay, the atria and ventricles would contract at the same time, and blood wouldn't flow effectively from the atria to the ventricles. The delay in the AV node forms much of the PR segment on the ECG, and part of atrial repolarization can be represented by PR segment.
The distal portion of the AV node is known as the bundle of His.[6] The bundle of His splits into two branches in the interventricular septum: the left bundle branch and the right bundle branch. The left bundle branch activates the left ventricle, while the right bundle branch activates the right ventricle.
The left bundle branch is short, splitting into the left anterior fascicle and the left posterior fascicle. The left posterior fascicle is relatively short and broad, with dual blood supply, making it particularly resistant to ischemic damage. The left posterior fascicle transmits impulses to the papillary muscles, leading to mitral valve closure. As the left posterior fascicle is shorter and broader than the right, impulses reach the papillary muscles just prior to depolarization, and therefore contraction, of the left ventricle myocardium. This allows pre-tensioning of the chordae tendinae, increasing the resistance to flow through the mitral valve during left ventricular contraction.[3] This mechanism works in the same manner as pre-tensioning of car seatbelts.
Purkinje fibers/ventricular myocardium: QRS complex[edit]
The two bundle branches taper out to produce numerous Purkinje fibers, which stimulate individual groups of myocardial cells to contract.[3]
The spread of electrical activity through the ventricular myocardium produces the QRS complex on the ECG.
Atrial repolarization occurs and is masked during the QRS complex by ventricular depolarization on the ECG.
Ventricular repolarization[edit]
The last event of the cycle is the repolarization of the ventricles. It is the restoring of the resting state. In the ECG, repolarization includes the J point, ST-segment, and T- and U-waves.[7]
The transthoracically measured PQRS portion of an electrocardiogram is chiefly influenced by the sympathetic nervous system. The T (and occasionally U) waves are chiefly influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system guided by integrated brainstem control from the vagus nerve and the thoracic spinal accessory ganglia.
An impulse (action potential) that originates from the SA node at a relative rate of 60 - 100bpm is known as normal sinus rhythm. If SA nodal impulses occur at a rate less than 60bpm, the heart rhythm is known as sinus bradycardia. If SA nodal impulses occur at a rate exceeding 100bpm, the consequent rapid heart rate is sinus tachycardia. These conditions are not necessarily bad symptoms, however. Trained athletes, for example, usually show heart rates slower than 60bpm when not exercising. If the SA node fails to initialize, the AV junction can take over as the main pacemaker of the heart. The AV junction consists of the AV node, the bundle of His and the surrounding area; it has a regular rate of 40 to 60bpm. These "junctional" rhythms are characterized by a missing or inverted P-Wave. If both the SA node and the AV junction fail to initialize the electrical impulse, the ventricles can fire the electrical impulses themselves at a rate of 20 to 40bpm and will have a QRS complex of greater than 120 ms. This is necessary for the heart to be in good function.
Clinical significance[edit]
Arrhythmia[edit]
Main article: Cardiac arrhythmia
An 'arrhythmia' refers to an abnormal rhythm or speed of rhythm of the heartbeat. An abnormal rhythm or speed is defined as one which is not physiological.
Speed[edit]
Main articles: Bradycardia and Tachycardia
A resting heart that beats slower than 60 beats per minute, or faster than 100 beats per minute, is regarded as having an arrhythmia. A heartbeat slower than 60 beats per minute is known as bradycardia, and a heartbeat faster than 100 is known as a tachycardia.
Physiological[edit]
Some individuals, for example trained athletes, may have heart beats slower than 60 beats per minute when not exercising. If the SA node fails to initialize, the AV junction can take over as the main pacemaker of the heart. The AV junction "surrounds" the AV node (the AV node is not able to initialize its own impulses) and has a regular rate of 40 to 60 bpm. These "junctional" rhythms are characterized by a missing or inverted P-Wave. If both the SA node and the AV junction fail to initialize the electrical impulse, the ventricles can fire the electrical impulses themselves at a rate of 20 to 40 bpm and will have a QRS complex of greater than 120 ms.
Pacemakers[edit]
Main article: Artificial cardiac pacemaker
In the event of arrhythmia, a pacemaker may be surgically inserted into the conduction system.
See also[edit]
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Your Heart's Electrical System". National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health. November 17, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Innervation of the heart". Human Embryology: Organogenesis: Functional development of the heart.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity". OpenStax CNX: Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax CNX. November 7, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cardiac Muscle Fibers". ZY 560 Mammalian Physiology. Auburn University. Archived from the original on June 1, 2005. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cardiac Cycle". ECG Tutorial. University of Michigan Health System. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Robert H.; Mori, Shumpei (2016). "Wilhelm His Junior and his bundle". Journal of Electrocardiology. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.06.003. ISSN 0022-0736.
Jump up ^ Kowey, P., Yan, Gan-Xin. "Ventricular repolarization components on the electrocardiogram". Retrieved 2013-03-08.
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Governor of New Jersey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Governor of New Jersey
Seal of New Jersey
Incumbent
Chris Christie
since January 19, 2010
Style
The Honorable
Residence
Drumthwacket
Term length
Four years, renewable once consecutively
Inaugural holder
William Livingston
1776
Formation
New Jersey State Constitution
Website
Office of the Governor
The Governor of the State of New Jersey is head of the executive branch of New Jersey's state government. The office of governor is an elected position, for which elected officials serve four-year terms. Governors cannot be elected to more than two consecutive terms, but there is no limit on the total number of terms they may serve.[1] The official residence for the governor is Drumthwacket, a mansion located in Princeton, New Jersey; the office of the governor is at the New Jersey State House in Trenton.
The first Governor of New Jersey was William Livingston, who served from August 31, 1776, to July 25, 1790. The current governor is Chris Christie, who assumed office on January 19, 2010, and was elected to a second term on November 5, 2013. His term ends on January 16, 2018.
On Tuesday, November 7, 2017, Democratic former United States ambassador and Goldman Sachs executive Phil Murphy won the governorship and will assume office on January 16, 2018.
Contents
[hide]
1 Role
2 Lieutenant governor
3 Center on the American Governor
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Role[edit]
The governor is directly elected by the voters to become the political and ceremonial head of the state. The governor performs the executive functions of the state, and is not directly subordinate to the federal authorities. The governor assumes additional roles, such as being the Commander-in-Chief of the New Jersey National Guard forces (when they are not federalized).
Unlike many other states that have elections for some cabinet-level positions, under the New Jersey Constitution the governor and lieutenant governor are the only officials elected on a statewide basis. Much like the President of the United States, the governor appoints the entire cabinet, subject to confirmation by the New Jersey Senate. More importantly, under the New Jersey constitution, the governor appoints all superior court judges and county prosecutors, although this is done with strong consideration of the preferences of the individual state senators who represent the district where vacancies arise.
The governor is also responsible for appointing two constitutionally created officers, the New Jersey Attorney General and the Secretary of State of New Jersey, with the approval of the senate.[2]
State law allows for a maximum salary of $175,000.[1] Jon Corzine accepted a token salary of $1 per year as governor.[3] Jim McGreevey, his predecessor, took home an annual salary of $157,000.[4]
Lieutenant governor[edit]
Main article: Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey
On Election Day, November 8, 2005, the voters passed an amendment to the New Jersey State Constitution that created the position of Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey, effective with the 2009 elections. Before this amendment was passed, the president of the New Jersey Senate would have become governor or acting governor in the event that office of governor became vacant. This dual position was more powerful than that of an elected governor, as the individual would have had a major role in legislative and executive processes. As a result of the constitutional amendment passed in 2005, Governor Richard Codey was the final person to wield such power.
Monmouth Sheriff Kim Guadagno was sworn in as New Jersey's first lieutenant governor, on January 19, 2010, under Governor Chris Christie.
Center on the American Governor[edit]
The Center on the American Governor,[5] at Rutgers' Eagleton Institute of Politics, was established in 2006 to study the governors of New Jersey and, to a lesser degree, the governors of other states. Currently the program features extensive archives of documents and pictures from the Byrne and Kean administrations, video interviews with many members of the respective administrations, some information on other American governors, and news updates on current governors (of all 50 states). The project is in the process of creating new archives, similar to the Byrne and Kean archives, for later administrations.[6]
See also[edit]
Book: Governors of New Jersey
List of Governors of New Jersey
List of colonial governors of New Jersey
Governorship of Chris Christie
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Frequently Asked Questions". Retrieved July 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Wikisource:New Jersey Constitution of 1947#SECTION IV 2
Jump up ^ Chen, David W. (October 4, 2006). "The Goldman Sachs Crew That's Helping Run Trenton Government". Article. New York Times Company. p. 2. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
Jump up ^ Frequently Asked Questions: What is the Governor of New Jersey's salary?, accessed October 5, 2006.
Jump up ^ Eagleton Institute of Politics (2011). "Center on the American Governor". Eagleton Institute of Politics. New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA: Rutgers University. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Eagleton Institute of Politics (2011). "About the Center on the American Governor". Center on the American Governor. New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA: Rutgers University. Retrieved November 10, 2011.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Governors of New Jersey.
Official website
Current U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
Vice President Order of Precedence of the United States
Within New Jersey Succeeded by
Mayor of municipality
in which event is held
Succeeded by
Otherwise Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Governor of Pennsylvania Order of Precedence of the United States
Outside New Jersey Succeeded by
Governor of Georgia
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text:
Names of the days of the week
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"Days of the Week" redirects here. For the song by Stone Temple Pilots, see Days of the Week (song).
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Italian cameo bracelet representing the days of the week, corresponding to the planets as Roman gods: Diana as the Moon for Monday, Mars for Tuesday, Mercury for Wednesday, Jupiter for Thursday, Venus for Friday, Saturn for Saturday, and Apollo as the Sun for Sunday. Middle 19th century, Walters Art Museum
The names of the days of the week in many languages are derived from the names of the classical planets in Hellenistic astrology, which were in turn named after contemporary deities, a system introduced in by the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity. In some other languages, the days are named after corresponding deities of the regional culture, either beginning with Sunday or with Monday. In the international standard ISO 8601, Monday is treated as the first day of the week.
Contents
[hide]
1 Days named after planets
1.1 Greco-Roman tradition
1.1.1 Romance languages
1.1.2 Celtic languages
1.1.3 Adoptions from Romance
1.2 Germanic tradition
1.2.1 Adoptions from Germanic
1.3 South Asian tradition
1.4 East Asian tradition
1.5 Southeast Asian tradition
2 Numbered days of the week
2.1 Days numbered from Sunday
2.2 Days numbered from Monday
2.3 Days numbered from Saturday
3 Mixing of numbering and astronomy
4 See also
5 Notes
5.1 Sunday
5.2 Monday
5.3 Tuesday
5.4 Wednesday
5.5 Thursday
5.6 Friday
5.7 Saturday
6 References
7 Further reading
Days named after planets[edit]
Greco-Roman tradition[edit]
Further information: Week and Planetary hours
Between the 1st and 3rd centuries, the Roman Empire gradually replaced the eight-day Roman nundinal cycle with the seven-day week. Our earliest evidence for this new system is a Pompeiian graffito referring to the 6th February (viii idus Februarius) of the year AD 60 as dies solis ("Sunday").[1] Another early witness is a reference to a lost treatise by Plutarch, written in about AD 100, which addressed the question of Why are the days named after the planets reckoned in a different order from the actual order?.[2]
The days were named after the planets of Hellenistic astrology, in the order Sun, Moon, Mars (Ares), Mercury (Hermes), Jupiter (Zeus), Venus (Aphrodite) and Saturn (Cronos).[3]
The seven-day week spread throughout the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity. By the 4th century, it was in wide use throughout the Empire, and it had also reached India and China.
The Greek and Latin names are as follows:
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sōl or Helios
(Sun)
Monday
Luna or Selene
(Moon)
Tuesday
Mars or Ares
(Mars)
Wednesday
Mercurius or Hermes
(Mercury)
Thursday
Iuppiter or Zeus
(Jupiter)
Friday
Venus or Aphrodite
(Venus)
Saturday
Saturnus or Kronos
(Saturn)
Greek
ἡμέρᾱ Ἡλίου
hēmérā Hēlíou ἡμέρᾱ Σελήνης
hēmérā Selḗnēs ἡμέρᾱ Ἄρεως
hēmérā Áreōs ἡμέρᾱ Ἑρμοῦ
hēmérā Hermoû ἡμέρᾱ Διός
hēmérā Diós ἡμέρᾱ Ἀφροδῑ́της
hēmérā Aphrodī́tēs ἡμέρᾱ Κρόνου
hēmérā Krónou
Latin
diēs Sōlis diēs Lūnae diēs Martis diēs Mercuriī diēs Iōvis diēs Veneris diēs Saturnī
Romance languages[edit]
Except for modern Portuguese, the Romance languages preserved the Latin names, except for the names of Sunday, which was replaced by [dies] Dominicus (Dominica), i.e. "Day of the Lord" and of Saturday, which was named for the Sabbath.
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sōl (Sun)
Monday
Luna (Moon)
Tuesday
Mars (Mars)
Wednesday
Mercurius (Mercury)
Thursday
Iuppiter (Jupiter)
Friday
Venus (Venus)
Saturday
Saturnus (Saturn)
Italian
domenica [☉1] lunedì martedì mercoledì giovedì venerdì sabato [♄1]
Lombard Milanese
domenega [☉1] lunedì martedì mercoldì giovedì venerdì sabet [♄1]
Old Portuguese
domingo [☉1] lues martes mércores joves vernes sábado [♄1]
Galician
domingo [☉1] luns martes mércores xoves venres sábado [♄1]
Spanish
domingo [☉1] lunes martes miércoles jueves viernes sábado [♄1]
Romanian
duminică [☉1] luni marți miercuri joi vineri sâmbătă [♄1]
French
dimanche [☉1] lundi mardi mercredi jeudi vendredi samedi [♄1]
Occitan
dimenge [☉1] diluns dimarts dimècres dijòus divendres dissabte [♄1]
Catalan
diumenge [☉1] dilluns dimarts dimecres dijous divendres dissabte [♄1]
Asturian
domingu [☉1] llunes martes miércoles xueves vienres sábadu [♄1]
Venetian
domenega [☉1] luni marti mèrcore zioba vénare sabo [♄1]
Friulian
domenie [☉1] lunis martars miercus joibe vinars sabide [♄1]
Neapolitan
dummeneca [☉1] lunnerì marterì miercurì gioverì viernarì sàbbatu [♄1]
Sardinian language
dominiga [☉1] lunis martis mercuris iobia chenabura Sappadu [♄1]
Sicilian
dumínica [☉1] luni marti mércuri juvi vénniri sábbatu [♄1]
Celtic languages[edit]
Early Old Irish adopted the names from Latin, but introduced separate terms of Norse origin for Wednesday, Thursday and Friday, then later supplanted these with terms relating to church fasting practices.
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sōl (Sun)
Monday
Luna (Moon)
Tuesday
Mars (Mars)
Wednesday
Mercurius (Mercury)
Thursday
Iuppiter (Jupiter)
Friday
Venus (Venus)
Saturday
Saturnus (Saturn)
Old Irish[4]
Diu[5] srol
Dies scrol[6] Diu luna[7] Diu mart[8] Diu iath[9] Diu eathamon[10] Diu triach[11] Diu saturn
Old Irish (later)
Diu domnica Diu luna Diu mart Diu cétaín [☿2] Diu eter dib aínib [♃1] Diu aíne [♀1] Diu saturn
Irish
An Domhnach [☉1]
Dé Domhnaigh An Luan
Dé Luain An Mháirt
Dé Máirt An Chéadaoin [☿2]
Dé Céadaoin An Déardaoin [♃1]
Déardaoin An Aoine [♀1]
Dé hAoine An Satharn
Dé Sathairn
Scottish Gaelic
Di-Dòmhnaich / Didòmhnaich [☉1] Di-Luain / Diluain Di-Màirt / Dimàirt Di-Ciadain / Diciadain [☿2] Di-Ardaoin / Diardaoin [♃1] Di-Haoine / Dihaoine [♀1] Di-Sàthairne / Disathairne
Welsh
dydd Sul dydd Llun dydd Mawrth dydd Mercher dydd Iau dydd Gwener dydd Sadwrn
Cornish
Dy' Sul Dy' Lun Dy' Meurth Dy' Mergher Dy' Yow Dy' Gwener Dy' Sadorn
Breton
Disul Dilun Dimeurzh Dimerc’her Diriaou Digwener Disadorn
Manx
Jedoonee [☉1] Jelune Jemayrt Jecrean [☿2] Jerdein [♃1] Jeheiney [♀1] Jesarn
Adoptions from Romance[edit]
Albanian adopted the Latin terms[citation needed]. Other languages adopted the week together with the Latin (Romance) names for the days of the week in the colonial period. Some constructed languages also adopted the Latin terminology.
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sōl (Sun)
Monday
Luna (Moon)
Tuesday
Mars (Mars)
Wednesday
Mercurius (Mercury)
Thursday
Iuppiter (Jupiter)
Friday
Venus (Venus)
Saturday
Saturnus (Saturn)
Albanian
E diel E hënë E martë E mërkurë E enjte E premte E shtunë
Filipino
Linggò [☉1]
Dominggo in most other Philippine languages Lunes Martes Miyerkules Huwebes Biyernes Sábado [♄1]
Māori[12]
[Rā Tapu] [not celestially named] (Rā + Tapu = "holy day") Rāhina (rā + Māhina = day + Moon) Rātū (rā + Tūmatauenga = day + Mars) Rāapa (rā + Apārangi = day + Mercury) Rāpare (rā + Pareārau = day + Jupiter) Rāmere (rā + Mere = day + Venus) [Rā Horoi] [not celestially named] (rā + horoi = "washing day")
Tetum
Dumingu Segunda Tersa Kuarta Kinta Sesta Sabadu[13]
Interlingua
Dominica [☉1] Lunedi Martedi Mercuridi Jovedi Venerdi Sabbato [♄1]
Ido
Sundio Lundio Mardio Merkurdio Jovdio Venerdio Saturdio
Esperanto
dimanĉo [☉1] lundo mardo merkredo ĵaŭdo vendredo sabato [♄1]
Germanic tradition[edit]
Further information: Germanic calendar
The Germanic peoples adapted the system introduced by the Romans by substituting the Germanic deities for the Roman ones (with the exception of Saturday) in a process known as interpretatio germanica. The date of the introduction of this system is not known exactly, but it must have happened later than AD 200 but before the introduction of Christianity during the 6th to 7th centuries, i.e., during the final phase or soon after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.[14] This period is later than the Common Germanic stage, but still during the phase of undifferentiated West Germanic. The names of the days of the week in North Germanic languages were not calqued from Latin directly, but taken from the West Germanic names.
Sunday: Old English Sunnandæg (pronounced [ˈsunnɑndæj]), meaning "sun's day". This is a translation of the Latin phrase dies Solis. English, like most of the Germanic languages, preserves the original pagan/sun associations of the day. Many other European languages, including all of the Romance languages, have changed its name to the equivalent of "the Lord's day" (based on Ecclesiastical Latin dies Dominica). In both West Germanic and North Germanic mythology the Sun is personified as Sunna/Sól.
Monday: Old English Mōnandæg (pronounced [ˈmoːnɑndæj]), meaning "Moon's day". This is equivalent to the Latin name dies lunae. In North Germanic mythology, the Moon is personified as Máni.
Tuesday: Old English Tīwesdæg (pronounced [ˈtiːwezdæj]), meaning "Tiw's day". Tiw (Norse Týr) was a one-handed god associated with single combat and pledges in Norse mythology and also attested prominently in wider Germanic paganism. The name of the day is also related to the Latin name dies Martis, "Day of Mars".
Wednesday: Old English Wōdnesdæg (pronounced [ˈwoːdnezdæj]) meaning the day of the Germanic god Woden (known as Óðinn among the North Germanic peoples), and a prominent god of the Anglo-Saxons (and other Germanic peoples) in England until about the seventh century. It is also vaguely related to the Latin counterpart dies Mercurii, "Day of Mercury". The connection between Mercury and Odin is more strained than the other syncretic connections.[citation needed] The usual explanation[who?] is that both Wodan and Mercury were considered psychopomps, or guides of souls after death, in their respective mythologies; both are also associated with poetic and musical inspiration.[citation needed] The Icelandic Miðviku, German Mittwoch, Low German Middeweek and Finnish keskiviikko all mean mid-week.
Thursday: Old English Þūnresdæg (pronounced [ˈθuːnrezdæj]), meaning 'Þunor's day'. Þunor means thunder or its personification, the Norse god known in Modern English as Thor. Similarly Dutch donderdag, German Donnerstag ('thunder's day'), Finnish torstai, and Scandinavian Torsdag ('Thor's day'). Thor's day corresponds to Latin dies Iovis, "day of Jupiter".
Friday: Old English Frīgedæg (pronounced [ˈfriːjedæj]), meaning the day of the Anglo-Saxon goddess Fríge. The Norse name for the planet Venus was Friggjarstjarna, 'Frigg's star'. It is based on the Latin dies Veneris, "Day of Venus".
Saturday: the only day of the week to retain its Roman origin in English, named after the Roman god Saturn associated with the Titan Cronus, father of Zeus and many Olympians. Its original Anglo-Saxon rendering was Sæturnesdæg (pronounced [ˈsæturnezdæj]). In Latin, it was dies Saturni, "Day of Saturn". The Scandinavian Lørdag/Lördag deviates significantly as it has no reference to either the Norse or the Roman pantheon; it derives from old Norse laugardagr, literally "washing-day". The German Sonnabend (mainly used in northern and eastern Germany) and the Low German words Sünnavend mean "Sunday Eve", the German word Samstag (mainly used in southern and western Germany) derives from the name for Shabbat.
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sunna/Sól
Monday
Mona/Máni
Tuesday
Tiw/Tyr
Wednesday
Woden/Odin
Thursday
Thunor/Thor
Friday
Frige or Freya
Saturday
Saturn
Proto-Germanic
*Sunnōniz dagaz *Mēniniz dagaz *Tīwas dagaz, *Þingsas dagaz [♂1] *Wōdanas dagaz *Þunras dagaz *Frijjōz dagaz *Saturnas dagaz, *Laugōz dagaz [♄2]
Old English
Sunnandæg Mōnandæg Tīwesdæg Wōdnesdæg Þunresdæg Frīgedæg Sæternesdæg
Old Saxon
Sunnundag *Mānundag *Tiuwesdag, *Thingesdag [♂1] Wōdanesdag *Thunaresdag Frīadag *Sunnunāƀand [♄3], *Satarnesdag
Old High German
Sunnûntag Mânetag Zîestag Wuotanestag Donarestag Frîjatag Sunnûnâband [♄3], Sambaztag [♄1]
Middle Low German
Sunnedag Manedag Dingesdag [♂1] Wodenesdag Donersdag Vrīdag Sunnenavend [♄3], Satersdag
German
Sonntag Montag Dienstag [♂1], Ziestag (Alemannic German) Mittwoch [☿1] (older Wutenstag) Donnerstag Freitag Sonnabend [♄3], Samstag [♄1]
Yiddish
Zuntik – זונטיק Montik – מאנטיק Dinstik – דינסטיק [♂1] Mitvokh – מיטוואך [☿1] Donershtik – דאנערשטיק Fraytik – פרײַטיק Shabbes – שבת [♄1]
Scots
Saubath[♄1], Sunday Monanday Tysday Wadensday Fuirsday Friday Seturday
Dutch
zondag maandag dinsdag [♂1] woensdag donderdag vrijdag zaterdag
Afrikaans
Sondag Maandag Dinsdag [♂1] Woensdag Donderdag Vrydag Saterdag
Luxembourgish
Sonndeg Méindeg Dënschdeg [♂1] Mëttwoch [☿1] Donneschdeg Freideg Samschdeg [♄1]
West Frisian
Snein Moandei Tiisdei Woansdei Tongersdei Freed Sneon [♄3], Saterdei
Low Saxon
Sünndag Maandag Dingsdag [♂1] Middeweek [☿1], Goonsdag (rarely Woonsdag) Dünnerdag Freedag Sünnavend [♄3], Saterdag
Old Norse
sunnudagr mánadagr tysdagr óðinsdagr þórsdagr frjádagr laugardagr [♄2], sunnunótt [♄3]
Faroese
sunnudagur mánadagur týsdagur mikudagur [☿1], ónsdagur (Suðuroy) hósdagur/
tórsdagur (Suðuroy) fríggjadagur leygardagur [♄2]
Icelandic
sunnudagur mánudagur þriðjudagur [♂3] miðvikudagur [☿1] fimmtudagur [♃3] föstudagur [♀1] laugardagur [♄2]
Norwegian Bokmål
søndag mandag tirsdag onsdag torsdag fredag lørdag [♄2]
Norwegian Nynorsk
sundag/søndag måndag tysdag onsdag torsdag fredag laurdag [♄2]
Danish
søndag mandag tirsdag onsdag torsdag fredag lørdag [♄2]
Swedish
söndag måndag tisdag onsdag torsdag fredag lördag [♄2]
Elfdalian
sunndag mondag tisdag ųosdag tųosdag frjådag lovdag
Adoptions from Germanic[edit]
Day:
(see Irregularities)
Sunday
Sunna/Sól
Monday
Mona/Máni
Tuesday
Tiw/Tyr
Wednesday
Woden/Odin
Thursday
Thunor/Thor
Friday
Frige or Freya
Saturday
Saturn
Finnish
sunnuntai maanantai tiistai keskiviikko [☿1] torstai perjantai lauantai [♄2]
Estonian
pühapäev [☉2] esmaspäev teisipäev kolmapäev neljapäev reede laupäev [♄2]
Maori (transliteration; translation)
Wiki[☉8]; Rātapu Mane; Rāhina Tūrei; Rātū Wenerei; Rāapa Tāite; Rāpare Paraire; Rāmere Hāterei; Rāhoroi
South Asian tradition[edit]
Further information: Navagraha
Hindu astrology adopted the concept of days under the regency of a planet under the term vāra, the days of the week being called āditya-, soma-, maṅgala-, budha-, guru-, śukra-, and śani-vāra. śukrá is a name of Venus (regarded as a son of Bhṛgu); guru is here a title of Bṛhaspati, and hence of Jupiter; budha "Mercury" is regarded as a son of Soma, i.e. the Moon.[15] Knowledge of Greek astrology existed since about the 2nd century BC, but references to the vāra occur somewhat later, during the Gupta period (Yājñavalkya Smṛti, c. 3rd to 5th century), i.e. at roughly the same period the system was introduced in the Roman Empire. (Source?)
Sunday
the Sun (Aditya, Ravi)
Monday
the Moon (Soma, Chandra, Indu)
Tuesday
Mars (Mangala)
Wednesday
Mercury (Budha)
Thursday
Jupiter (Guru)
Friday
Venus (Shukra)
Saturday
Saturn (Shani)
Balti
Adeed
عدید Chamdral
چامدرال  Angaru
انگارا  Boru
بورو  Brespod
بریس پود  Shugoru
شوگ ورو Shingsher
شنگ شےر
Bengali
রবিবার
Robibar সোমবার
Shombar মঙ্গলবার
Monggolbar বুধবার
Budhbar বৃহস্পতিবার
Brihôshpotibar শুক্রবার
Shukrobar শনিবার
Shonibar
Bhojpuri
एतवार
Aitwār सोमार
Somār मंगर
Mangar बुध
Budh बियफे
Bi'phey सुक्क
Sukk सनिच्चर
Sanichchar
Burushaski
Adit
ادیت Chandoro
چندورؤ Angaro
نگارو Bodo
بوڈو  Berayspat
بیرے سپاٹ Shukuro
شوک ورؤ Shemshayr
شیم شےر
Chitrali
(Khowar)
Yakshambey
یک شمبے Doshambey
دو شمبے[☽4] Seshambey
سہ شمبے Charshambey
چار شمبے Pachambey
پچھمبے  Adina
آدینہ [♀3] Shambey
شمبے
Gujarati
રવિવાર
Ravivār સોમવાર
Somvār મંગળવાર
Mangaḷvār બુધવાર
Budhvār ગુરૂવાર
Guruvār શુક્રવાર
Shukravār શનિવાર
Shanivār
Hindi
रविवार
Ravivār सोमवार
Somavār मंगलवार
Mangalavār बुधवार
Budhavār गुरूवार
Guruvār शुक्रवार
Shukravār शनिवार
Shanivār
Hindko
Atwaar
اتوار Suwar
سؤ وار Mungal
منگل Bud
بدھ Jumiraat
جمعرات Jummah
جمعہ Khali
خالي
Konkani
आयतार
Āytār सोमार
Somaar मंगळार
Mangaḷār बुधवार
Budhavār भीरेस्तार
Bhirestār शुक्रार
Shukrār शेनवार
Shenvār
Maldivian
އާދީއްތަ
Aadheettha ހޯމަ
Homa އަންގާރަ
Angaara ބުދަ
Budha ބުރާސްފަތި
Buraasfathi ހުކުރު
Hukuru ހޮނިހިރު
Honihiru
Marathi
रविवार
Ravivār सोमवार
Somavār मंगळवार
Mangaḷavār बुधवार
Budhavār गुरूवार
Guruvār शुक्रवार
Shukravār
Kashmiri
Āthvār
आथु'वार اَتھ وار  Çāņdėrvār
च़'न्दु'रवार ژندر وار Bomvār
बोमवार پم وار  Bödvār
बॅदवार برھ وار Brêsvār
ब्रसवार برس وار Shokụrvār / Jumāh
शो'कु'रवार شۆکٕروار
जुमाह جُمھ Baţėvār
बटु'वार بٹ وار
Kannada
ಭಾನುವಾರ
Bhanu Vaara ಸೋಮವಾರ
Soma Vaara ಮಂಗಳವಾರ
Mangala Vaara ಬುಧವಾರ
Budha Vaara ಗುರುವಾರ
Guru Vaara ಶುಕ್ರವಾರ
Shukra Vaara ಶನಿವಾರ
Shani Vaara
Malayalam
ഞായര്
Nhāyar തിങ്കള്
Tingal ചൊവ്വ
Chovva ബുധന്
Budhan വ്യാഴം
Vyāzham വെള്ളി
Velli ശനി
Shani
Nepali
आइतवार
Aaitabar सोमवार
Sombar मंगलवार
Mangalbar बुधवार
Budhabar बिहिवार
Bihibar शुक्रवार
Sukrabar शनिवार
Sanibar
Pashto
Etwar
اتوار Gul
ګل Nehi
نهه Shoro
شورو Ziarat
زيارت Jumma
جمعه Khali
خالي
Punjabi
(Gurmukhi)
ਐਤਵਾਰ
etvār ਸੋਮਵਾਰ
sōmvār ਮੰਗਲਵਾਰ
mangalvār ਬੁੱਧਵਾਰ
búdvār ਵੀਰਵਾਰ
vīrvār ਸ਼ੁੱਕਰਵਾਰ
shukkarvār ਸ਼ਨਿੱਚਰਵਾਰ
shaniccharvār
Odia
ରବିବାର
Rabibār ସୋମବାର
Sombār ମଙ୍ଗଳବାର
Mangalbār ବୁଧବାର
Buddhbār ଗୁରୁବାର
Gurubār ଶୁକ୍ରବାର
Shukrabār ଶନିବାର
Shanibār
Sinhala
ඉරිදා
Irida සඳුදා
Sanduda අඟහරුවාදා
Angaharuwada බදාදා
Badada බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා
Brahaspathinda සිකුරාදා
Sikurada සෙනසුරාදා
Senasurada
Sylheti
রবিবার
Robibar সোমবার
Shombar মঙ্গলবার
Mongolbar বুধবার
Budhbar বিষুধবার
Bishudhbar সুক্ষুরবার / জুম'আবার
Shukkurbar / Jum'abar[♀4] শনিবার
Shonibar
Telugu
ఆదివారం
Aadi Vāram సోమవారం
Soma Vāram మంగళవారం
Mangala Vāram బుధవారం
Budha Vāram గురువారం
Bestha/Guru/Lakshmi Vāram శుక్రవారం
Shukra Vāram శనివారం
Shani Vāram
Tamil
ஞாயிறு
Gnyāyiru திங்கள்
Thingal செவ்வாய்
Chevvāi புதன்
Budhan வியாழன்
Viyāzhan வெள்ளி
Velli சனி
Sani
Sanskrit
भानुवासरम्
Bhānuvāsaram इन्दुवासरम्
Induvāsaram भौमवासरम्
Bhaumavāsaram सौम्यवासरम्
Saumyavāsaram गुरुवासरम्
Guruvāsaram भृगुवासरम्
Bhṛguvāsaram स्थिरवासरम्
Sthiravāsaram
Shina
Adit
ادیت Tsunduro
تساند ورؤ Ungaro
نگارو Budo
بوڈو Brespat
بیرے سپاٹ Shukur
شوکر Shimsher
شیم شےر
Sindhi
Aacheru
آچر Soomaru
سومر Angaro
انڱارو Arbau
اربع Kameesa
خميس Jum'o
جمعو Chancher
ڇنڇر
Sylheti
রবিবার
Robibar সোমবার
Shombar মঙ্গলবার
Mongolbar বুধবার
Budhbar বিশুদ্ধবার
Bishudbar শুক্ষুরবার/জুমাবার
Shukkurbar/Jummabar শনিবার
Shonibar
Urdu
Itwār
اتوار Pīr
پیر [☽4] Mangal
منگل Bodh
بدھ Jumārāt
جمعرات Jummah
جمعہ[♀4] Heftah
ہفتہ [♄6]
Western Punjabi
(Shahmukhi)
Aitwār
اتوار Pīr
پیر Mangal
منگل Budh
بدھ Jumāy-rāt
جمعرات Jummah
جمعہ Hafta
ہفتہ
East Asian tradition[edit]
The East Asian naming system for the days of the week closely parallels that of the Latin system and is ordered after the "Seven Luminaries" (七曜 qī yào), which consists of the Sun, Moon and the five planets visible to the naked eye.
The Chinese seem to have adopted the seven-day week from the Hellenistic system by the 4th century, although by which route is not entirely clear. It was again transmitted to China in the 8th century by Manichaeans, via the country of Kang (a Central Asian polity near Samarkand).[16] The 4th-century date, according to the Cihai encyclopedia,[year needed] is due to a reference to Fan Ning (範寧/范宁), an astrologer of the Jin Dynasty. The renewed adoption from Manichaeans in the 8th century (Tang Dynasty) is documented with the writings of the Chinese Buddhist monk Yi Jing and the Ceylonese Buddhist monk Bu Kong.
The Chinese transliteration of the planetary system was soon brought to Japan by the Japanese monk Kobo Daishi; surviving diaries of the Japanese statesman Fujiwara Michinaga show the seven day system in use in Heian Period Japan as early as 1007. In Japan, the seven day system was kept in use (for astrological purposes) until its promotion to a full-fledged (Western-style) calendrical basis during the Meiji era. In China, with the founding of the Republic of China in 1911, Monday through Saturday in China are now named after the luminaries implicitly with the numbers.
For more information on the Chinese ten-day week, see Chinese_calendar § Day.2C_hour.2C_and_week.
For more information on the five elements and their relation to the planets, see Chinese astrology § Wu Xing, and Wu Xing.
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Celestial Object
Sun (日)
First Star Moon (月)
Second Star Mars (火)
Third Star Mercury (水)
Fourth Star Jupiter (木)
Fifth Star Venus (金)
Sixth Star Saturn (土)
Seventh Star
Classical Chinese
日曜日
Rìyàorì 月曜日
Yuèyàorì 火曜日
Huǒyàorì 水曜日
Shuǐyàorì 木曜日
Mùyàorì 金曜日
Jīnyàorì 土曜日
Tǔyàorì
Japanese
日曜日
Nichiyōbi 月曜日
Getsuyōbi 火曜日
Kayōbi 水曜日
Suiyōbi 木曜日
Mokuyōbi 金曜日
Kin'yōbi 土曜日
Doyōbi
Korean
일요일
日曜日
Ilyoil 월요일
月曜日
Wolyoil 화요일
火曜日
Hwayoil 수요일
水曜日
Suyoil 목요일
木曜日
Mogyoil 금요일
金曜日
Geumyoil 토요일
土曜日
Toyoil
Mongolian
наран өдөр naraŋ ödör саран өдөр saraŋ ödör гал өдөр gal ödör усан өдөр usaŋ ödör модон өдөр modoŋ ödör төмөр өдөр, алтан өдөр tömör ödör, altaŋ ödör шороон өдөр shorooŋ ödör
Tibetan
གཟའ་ཉི་མ།
(gza' nyi ma)
Nyima གཟའ་ཟླ་བ།
(gza' zla wa)
Dawa གཟའ་མིག་དམར།
(gza' mig dmar)
Mikmar གཟའ་ལྷག་པ།
(gza' lhak pa)
Lhakpa གཟའ་ཕུར་བུ།
(gza' phur bu)
Purbu གཟའ་པ་སངས།
(gza' pa sangs)
Pasang གཟའ་སྤེན་པ།
(gza' spen ba)
Penba
Pronunciations for Classical Chinese names are given in Standard Chinese.
For Standard Chinese nomenclature of the days of the week, see Names of the days of the week § Mixing of numbering and astronomy.
Southeast Asian tradition[edit]
The Southeast Asian tradition also uses the Hindu names of the days of the week.
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Burmese
တနင်္ဂနွေ[☉9]
IPA: [tənɪ́ɴ ɡənwè]
(ta.nangga.nwe) တနင်္လာ[☽5]
IPA: [tənɪ́ɴ là]
(ta.nangla) အင်္ဂါ
IPA: [ɪ̀ɴ ɡà]
(Angga) ဗုဒ္ဓဟူး
IPA: [boʊʔ dəhú]
(Buddhahu)
(afternoon=new day)
ရာဟု
Rahu ကြာသာပတေး
IPA: [tɕà ðà bədé]
(Krasapate) သောကြာ
IPA: [θaʊʔ tɕà]
(Saukra) စနေ
IPA: [sənè]
(Cane)
Mon
တ္ၚဲ အဒိုတ်
[ŋoa ətɜ̀t]
from Sans. āditya တ္ၚဲ စန်
[ŋoa cɔn]
from Sans. candra တ္ၚဲ အၚါ
[ŋoa əŋɛ̀a]
from Sans. aṅgāra တ္ၚဲ ဗုဒ္ဓဝါ
[ŋoa pùt-həwɛ̀a]
from Sans. budhavāra တ္ၚဲ ဗြဴဗ္တိ
[ŋoa pɹɛ̀apətɔeʔ]
from Sans. bṛhaspati တ္ၚဲ သိုက်.
[ŋoa sak]
from Sans. śukra တ္ၚဲ သ္ၚိ သဝ်
[ŋoa hɔeʔ sɔ]
from Sans. śani
Khmer
ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ
[tŋaj ʔaːtɨt] ថ្ងៃចន្ទ
[tŋaj can] ថ្ងៃអង្គារ
[tŋaj ʔɑŋkiə] ថ្ងៃពុធ
[tŋaj put] ថ្ងៃព្រហស្បត្ណិ
[tŋaj prɔhoə̯h] ថ្ងៃសុក្រ
[tŋaj sok] ថ្ងៃសៅរ៍
[tŋaj saʋ]
Lao
ວັນອາທິດ
[wán ʔàːtʰīt] ວັນຈັນ
[wán càn] ວັນອັງຄານ
[wán ʔàŋkʰáːn] ວັນພຸດ
[wán pʰūt] ວັນພະຫັດ
[wán pʰāhát] ວັນສຸກ
[wán súk] ວັນເສົາ
[wán sǎu]
Cham
Adit Thôm Angar But jip Suk Thanưchăn
Shan
ဝၼ်းဢႃတိတ်ႉ
IPA: [wan˦ ʔaː˩ tit˥] ဝၼ်းၸၼ်
IPA: [wan˦ tsan˩] ဝၼ်းဢင်းၵၼ်း
IPA: [wan˦ ʔaŋ˦ kan˦] ဝၼ်းၽုတ်ႉ
IPA: [wan˦ pʰut˥] ဝၼ်းၽတ်း
IPA: [wan˦ pʰat˦] ဝၼ်းသုၵ်း
IPA: [wan˦ sʰuk˦] ဝၼ်းသဝ်
IPA: [wan˦ sʰaw˩]
Thai
วันอาทิตย์
Wan Āthit วันจันทร์
Wan Chan วันอังคาร
Wan Angkhān วันพุธ
Wan Phut วันพฤหัสบดี
Wan Phruehatsabodi วันศุกร์
Wan Suk วันเสาร์
Wan Sao
Mongolian
адъяа
ad'yaa сумъяа
sum'yaa ангараг
angarag буд
bud бархабадь
barhabad' сугар
sugar санчир
sanchir
Javanese
Raditya Soma Anggara Buda Respati Sukra Tumpek
Balinese
Redite Soma Anggara Buda Wrespati Sukra Saniscara
Sinhala
ඉරිදා
Iridaa සඳුදා
Sandudaa අඟහරුවාදා
Angaharuwaadaa බදාදා
Badaadaa බ්‍රහස්පතින්දා
Brahaspathindaa සිකුරාදා
Sikuraadaa සෙනසුරාදා
Senasuraadaa
Numbered days of the week[edit]
Days numbered from Sunday[edit]
See also: Feria
Sunday comes first in order in calendars shown in the table below. In the Judeo-Christian or Abrahamic tradition, the first day of the week is Sunday. Biblical Sabbath (corresponding to Saturday), when God rested from six-day Creation, made the day following Sabbath the first day of the week (corresponding to Sunday). Seventh-day Sabbaths were sanctified for celebration and rest. After the week was adopted in early Christianity, Sunday remained the first day of the week, but also gradually displaced Saturday as the day of celebration and rest, being considered the Lord's Day.
Saint Martin of Dumio (c. 520–580), archbishop of Braga, decided not to call days by pagan gods and to use ecclesiastic terminology to designate them. While the custom of numbering the days of the week was mostly prevalent in the Eastern Church, Portuguese and Galician, due to Martin's influence, are the only Romance languages in which the names of the days come from numbers rather than planetary names.[17]
Icelandic is a special case within the Germanic languages, maintaining only the Sun and Moon (sunnudagur and mánudagur respectively), while dispensing with the names of the explicitly heathen gods in favour of a combination of numbered days and days whose names are linked to pious or domestic routine (föstudagur, "Fasting Day" and laugardagur, "Washing Day"). The "washing day" is also used in other North Germanic languages, but otherwise the names correspond to those of English.
Day
Number From One
Sunday
Day One
Monday
Day Two
Tuesday
Day Three
Wednesday
Day Four
Thursday
Day Five
Friday
Day Six
Saturday
Day Seven
Icelandic
sunnudagur (Sun) mánudagur (Moon) þriðjudagur miðvikudagur [☿1] fimmtudagur föstudagur [♀1] laugardagur [♄2]
Faroese
sunnudagur mánadagur týsdagur mikudagur hósdagur fríggjadagur leygardagur
Hebrew
ראשון
rishon שני
sheyni שלישי
shlishi רביעי
revi'i חמישי
khamishi שישי
shishi שבת
Shabbat[♄1]
Ecclesiastical Latin
Dominica [☉1] feria secunda feria tertia feria quarta feria quinta feria sexta sabbatum [♄1]
Portuguese
domingo [☉1] segunda-feira terça-feira quarta-feira quinta-feira sexta-feira sábado [♄1]
Galician
domingo [☉1] segunda feira terza feira
terceira feira corta feira
quarta feira quinta feira sexta feira sábado [♄1]
Tetum
loron-domingu loron-segunda loron-tersa loron-kuarta loron-kinta loron-sesta loron-sábadu
Greek
Κυριακή
Kyriakí [☉1] Δευτέρα
Deftéra Τρίτη
Tríti Τετάρτη
Tetárti Πέμπτη
Pémpti Παρασκευή
Paraskeví [♀2] Σάββατο
Sávato [♄1]
Georgian
კვირა k'vira ორშაბათი oršabati სამშაბათი samšabati ოთხშაბათი otxšabati ხუთშაბათი xutšabati პარასკევი p'arask'evi შაბათი šabati
Armenian
Կիրակի
Kiraki [☉1] Երկուշաբթի
Yerkushabti Երեքշաբթի
Yerekshabti Չորեքշաբթի
Chorekshabti Հինգշաբթի
Hingshabti Ուրբաթ
Urbat Շաբաթ
Shabat [♄1]
Vietnamese
chủ nhật (chúa nhật) (ngày) thứ hai (ngày) thứ ba (ngày) thứ tư (ngày) thứ năm (ngày) thứ sáu (ngày) thứ bảy
Somali
Axad Isniin Talaado Arbaco Khamiis Jimco Sabti
Amharic
እሑድ
əhud ሰኞ
säñño (Next) ማክሰኞ
maksäñño ረቡዕ, ሮብ
räbu, rob ሐሙስ
hamus ዓርብ
arb (Sunset) ቅዳሜ
ḳədame (First)
Arabic
يوم) الأحد)
(yawm) al-aḥad يوم) الإثنين)
(yawm) al-ithnayn يوم) الثُّلَاثاء)
(yawm) ath-thulāthā’ يوم) الأَرْبعاء)
(yawm) al-’arbi‘ā’ يوم) الخَمِيس)
(yawm) al-khamīs يوم) الجُمْعَة)
(yawm) al-jum‘ah [♀4] يوم) السَّبْت)
(yawm) as-sabt [♄5]
Maltese
il-Ħadd it-Tnejn it-Tlieta l-Erbgħa il-Ħamis il-Ġimgħa [♀4] is-Sibt [♄5]
Malay
Ahad Isnin Selasa Rabu Khamis Jumaat [♀4] Sabtu [♄5]
Indonesian
Minggu [☉1] (Portuguese)
Ahad Senin Selasa Rabu Kamis Jumat [♀4] Sabtu [♄5]
Javanese
Ngahad, Ngakad,
Minggu[☉1] (Portuguese) Senèn Selasa Rebo Kemis Jemuwah [♀4] Setu [♄5]
Sundanese
Minggu / Minggon [☉1] (Portuguese) Senén Salasa Rebo Kemis Jumaah [♀4] Saptu [♄5]
Persian
یکشنبه
yekšanbe
Mehr ruz
مهرروز دوشنبه
došanbe
Māh ruz
ماه روز سه شنبه
sešanbe
Bahrām ruz
بهرام روز چهارشنبه
čāhāršanbe
Tir ruz
تیر روز پنجشنبه
panjšanbe
Hormazd ruz
هرمزد روز آدینه or جمعه
ādine [♀3] or djome [♀4]
Nāhid ruz
ناهید روز شنبه
šanbe
Keyvān ruz
کیوان روز
Khowar
یک شمبے
yak shambey دو شمبے[☽4]
du shambey سہ شمبے
sey shambey چار شمبے
char shambey پچھمبے
pachhambey آدینہ[♀3]
adina شمبے
shambey
Kurdish
Yekşem Duşem Sêşem Çarşem Pêncşem În Şemî
Old Turkic
birinç kün ikinç kün üçünç kün törtinç kün beşinç kün altınç kün yetinç kün
Turkish
Pazar [☉4] Pazartesi [☽2] Salı [♂4] Çarşamba [☿4] Perşembe [♃4] Cuma [♀4] Cumartesi [♄4]
Uzbek
Yakshanba Dushanba Seshanba Chorshanba Payshanba Juma Shanba
Navajo
Damóo/Damíigo [☉1] (Spanish) Damóo Biiskání
Sunday has ended Damóo dóó Naakiską́o
Sunday +2 × sunrise Damóo dóó Tááʼ Yiką́o
Sunday +3 × sunrise Damóo dóó Dį́į́ʼ Yiką́o
Sunday +4 × sunrise Ndaʼiiníísh
It ends/done for the week Yiką́o Damóo
[upon] sunrise [it is] Sunday
Days numbered from Monday[edit]
The ISO prescribes Monday as the first day of the week with ISO-8601 for software date formats.
The Slavic, Baltic and Uralic languages (except Finnish and partially Estonian) adopted numbering but took Monday rather than Sunday as the "first day".[18] This convention is also found in some Austronesian languages whose speakers were converted to Christianity by European missionaries.[19]
In Slavic languages, some of the names correspond to numerals after Sunday: compare Russian vtornik "Tuesday" and vtoroj "the following", chetverg "Thursday" and chetvertyj "the fourth", pyatnitsa "Friday" and pyatyj "the fifth"; see also the Notes.
Day
Number From One
Monday
Day One
Tuesday
Day Two
Wednesday
Day Three
Thursday
Day Four
Friday
Day Five
Saturday
Day Six
Sunday
Day Seven
ISO 8601 #
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Russian
понедельник
ponedel'nik [☽1] вторник
vtornik среда
sreda [☿1] четверг
chetverg пятница
pyatnitsa суббота
subbota [♄1] воскресенье
voskresen'ye [☉3]
Belarusian
панядзелак
panyadzelak [☽1] аўторак
awtorak серада
serada [☿1] чацвер
chats'ver пятніца
pyatnitsa субота
subota [♄1] нядзеля
nyadzelya [☉6]
Ukrainian
понедiлок
ponedilok [☽1] вiвторок
vivtorok середа
sereda [☿1] четвер
chetver п'ятниця
p'yatnitsya субота
subota [♄1] недiля
nedilya [☉6]
Bulgarian
понеделник
ponedelnik [☽1] вторник
vtornik сряда
sryada [☿1] четвъртък
chetvărtăk петък
petăk събота
săbota [♄1] неделя
nedelya [☉6]
Polish
poniedziałek [☽1] wtorek środa [☿1] czwartek piątek sobota [♄1] niedziela [☉6]
Kashubian
pòniedzôłk wtórk strzoda czwiôrtk piątk sobòta niedzela
Slovak
pondelok [☽1] utorok streda [☿1] štvrtok piatok sobota [♄1] nedeľa [☉6]
Czech
pondělí or pondělek [☽1] úterý or úterek středa [☿1] čtvrtek pátek sobota [♄1] neděle [☉6]
Slovene
ponedeljek [☽1] torek sreda [☿1] četrtek petek sobota [♄1] nedelja [☉6]
Bosnian
ponedjeljak utorak srijeda četvrtak petak subota nedjelja
Croatian
ponedjeljak [☽1] utorak srijeda [☿1] četvrtak petak subota [♄1] nedjelja [☉6]
Serbian
понедељак
ponedeljak [☽1] уторак
utorak среда
sreda [☿1] четвртак
četvrtak петак
petak субота
subota [♄1] недеља
nedelja [☉6]
Macedonian
понеделник
ponedelnik [☽1] вторник
vtornik среда
sreda [☿1] четврток
chetvrtok петок
petok сабота
sabota [♄1] недела
nedela [☉6]
Lithuanian
pirmadienis antradienis trečiadienis ketvirtadienis penktadienis šeštadienis sekmadienis
Latvian
pirmdiena otrdiena trešdiena ceturtdiena piektdiena sestdiena svētdiena
Hungarian
hétfő [☽3] kedd [♂2] szerda [☿1] Slavic csütörtök Slavic péntek Slavic szombat [♄1] Slavic vasárnap [☉5]
Estonian
esmaspäev teisipäev kolmapäev neljapäev reede laupäev pühapäev
Mongolian
(numerical)
нэг дэх өдөр
neg dekh ödör хоёр дахь өдөр
hoyor dahi ödör гурав дахь өдөр
gurav dahi ödör дөрөв дэх өдөр
döröv dekh ödör тав дахь өдөр
tav dahi ödör хагас сайн өдөр
hagas sayn ödör [♄7] бүтэн сайн өдөр
büten sayn ödör [☉7]
Mongolian
(Tibetan)
даваа
davaa мягмар
myagmar лхагва
lhagva пүрэв
pürev баасан
baasan бямба
byamba ням
nyam
Luo
Wuok tich Tich ariyo Tich adek Tich ang'uen Tich abich Chieng' ngeso Juma pil
Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin)
mande tunde trinde fonde fraide sarere sande
Apma (Vanuatu)
ren bwaleh / mande[20] ren karu ren katsil ren kavet ren kalim lesaare sande
In Standard Chinese, the week is referred to as the cycle of the stars (Chinese: 星期; pinyin: Xīngqī). The modern Chinese names for the days of the week are based on a simple numerical sequence. The word for 'week' (which is literally translated to 'star day') is followed by a number indicating the day: 'Monday' is literally 'star day one', 'Tuesday' is 'star day two', etc. The exception is Sunday, where rì (日), meaning 'sun' or 'day', is used instead of a number.[21]
Day
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Standard Chinese
星期一
Xīngqīyī 星期二
Xīngqí'èr 星期三
Xīngqīsān 星期四
Xīngqīsì 星期五
Xīngqīwǔ 星期六
Xīngqīliù 星期日
Xīngqīrì
Days numbered from Saturday[edit]
In Swahili, the day begins at sunrise rather than sunset, and so are offset by twelve hours from the Arabic and Hebrew calendar. Saturday is therefore the first day of the week, as it is the day that includes the first night of the week in Arabic.
Etymologically speaking, Swahili has two "fifth" days. The words for Saturday through Wednesday contain the Bantu-derived Swahili words for "one" through "five". The word for Thursday, Alhamisi, is of Arabic origin and means "the fifth" (day). The word for Friday, Ijumaa, is also Arabic and means (day of) "gathering" for the Friday noon prayers in Islam.
Day
Number from One
Saturday
Day One
Sunday
Day Two
Monday
Day Three
Tuesday
Day Four
Wednesday
Day Five
Thursday
Day Six
Friday
Day Seven
Swahili[22]
jumamosi jumapili jumatatu jumanne jumatano alhamisi [♃2] ijumaa [♀4]
Mixing of numbering and astronomy[edit]
In the Žejane dialect of Istro-Romanian, lur (Monday) and virer (Friday) follow the Latin convention, while utorek (Tuesday), sredu (Wednesday), and četrtok (Thursday) follow the Slavic convention.[23]
Day
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday
Istro-Romanian, Žejane dialect
lur utorek sredu četrtok virer simbota [♄1] dumireca [☉1]
There are several systems in the different Basque dialects.[24]
Day:
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
Standard Basque, Guipuscoan Basque
astelehena ("week-first") asteartea ("week-between") asteazkena ("week-last") osteguna ("Ortzi/Sky day") ostirala (see Ortzi) larunbata ("fourth", "meeting of friends"), neskenegun ("girls' day") igandea
Biscayne Basque
astelena ("week-first"), ilen ("Moon day") martitzena ("Mars day") eguaztena ("day last") eguena ("day of days", "day of light") barikua ("day without supper"), egubakotx zapatua (compare with Spanish sábado from Sabbath) domeka (from Latin Dominica [dies])
In Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino), which is mainly based on a medieval version of Spanish, the five days of Monday–Friday closely follow the Spanish names. Sunday uses the Arabic name, which is based on numbering, because a Jewish language was not likely to adapt a name based on "Lord's Day" for Sunday. As in Spanish, the Ladino name for Saturday is based on Sabbath. However, as a Jewish language—and with Saturday being the actual day of rest in the Jewish community—Ladino directly adapted the Hebrew name, Shabbat.[25]
Day
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Judaeo-Spanish (Ladino)
Alhadh Lunes Martes Miércoles Juğeves Viernes Shabat [♄1]
See also[edit]
Week wheel for children
Akan names of the seven-day week, known as Nawotwe
Bahá'í calendar (section Weekdays)
Calculating the day of the week
Week
Work Week
Notes[edit]
Sunday[edit]
☉1 From Latin Dominicus (Dominica) or Greek Κυριακή (Christian Sabbath)
☉2 Holy Day and First-Day of the Week (Day of the Sun -> Light -> Resurrection -> Born again)(Christianity)
☉3 Resurrection (Christianity)
☉4 Bazaar Day
☉5 Market Day
☉6 No Work
☉7 Full good day
☉8 Borrowed from English week
☉9 From an Old Burmese word, not of Indic origin.
Monday[edit]
☽1 After No Work. In Russian also "Day After Week(end)" - see понедельник
☽2 After Bazaar
☽3 Head of Week
☽4 Master (as in Pir, because Muhammad was born on a Monday[citation needed])
☽5 From an Old Burmese word, not of Indic origin.
Tuesday[edit]
♂1 Thing (Assembly), of which god Tyr/Ziu was the patron.
♂2 Second day of the week (cf. Hungarian kettő "two")
♂3 Third day of the week.
♂4 From Arabic "ath-Thalaathaaʼ" (third day)
Wednesday[edit]
☿1 Mid-week or Middle
☿2 The First Fast (Christianity)
Thursday[edit]
♃1 The day between two fasts (An Dé idir dhá aoin, contracted to An Déardaoin) (Christianity)
♃2 Five (Arabic)
♃3 Fifth day of the week.
Friday[edit]
♀1 The Fast (Celtic) or Fasting Day (Icelandic) (Christianity)
♀2 Good Friday or Preparation (Christianity)
♀3 Jumu'ah (Muslim Sabbath)
♀4 Gathering/Assembly/Meeting (Islam) – in Malta with no Islamic connotations
Saturday[edit]
♄1 Shabbat (Jewish Sabbath)
♄2 Wash or Bath day
♄3 Sun-eve (Eve of Sunday)
♄4 After the Gathering (Islam)
♄5 End of the Week (Arabic Sabt = Rest)
♄6 Week
♄7 Half good day
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Nerone Caesare Augusto Cosso Lentuol Cossil fil. Cos. VIII idus Febr(u)arius dies solis, luna XIIIIX nun(dinae) Cumis, V (idus Februarias) nun(dinae) Pompeis. Robert Hannah, "Time in Written Spaces", in: Peter Keegan, Gareth Sears, Ray Laurence (eds.), Written Space in the Latin West, 200 BC to AD 300, A&C Black, 2013, p. 89.
Jump up ^ E. G. Richards, Mapping Time, the Calendar and History, Oxford 1999. p. 269 (The treatise is lost, but the answer to the question is known, see planetary hours).
Jump up ^ "Days of the Week Meaning and Origin". Astrologyclub.org. Retrieved 25 December 2016.
Jump up ^ replacing a system of n "one-, three-, five-, ten-, or fifteen-day periods" (>Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 7). MS. 17 (now held at St. John's College, Oxford), dating at least from 1043, records five week-day lists, which it names as follows: secundum Hebreos (according to the Hebrews); secundum antiquos gentiles (according to the ancient gentiles, i.e., Romans); secundum Siluestrum papam (according to Pope Sylvester I, i.e., a list derived from the apocryphal Acta Syluestri); secundum Anglos (according to the English); secundum Scottos (according to the Irish).
Jump up ^ "we have a clear reflex of the Indo-European nominative singular, with a lengthened grade, giving archaic Old Irish diu; it is suggested that what we have in the Oxford list and in Cormac's Glossary is the oldest form of Old Irish dia, representing the old nominative case of the noun in adverbial usage." Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 12
Jump up ^ The word scrol is glossed in Sanas Cormaic as Scroll .i. soillsi, unde est aput Scottos diu srol.i. dies solis "Srcoll, that is brightness, whence 'diu srol' among the Irish, that is Sunday".
Jump up ^ Ó Cróinín has Diu luna as "represent[ing] the transitional form between Latin dies lunae and the later, Classical Old Irish dia luain ... a translation of, not a calque on, the Latin ... [It] would seem to reflect a pre-assimilation state in respect of both words," Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 13
Jump up ^ "The Irish word perhaps derives from Latin forms where cases other than the genitive were used, e.g., Marte."Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 15
Jump up ^ A form unique to Irish, meaning uncertain. A "very old" word for Wednesday, Mercúir (borrowed from the Latin (dies) Mercurii), does occur in early Leinster poems but Ó Cróinín is of the belief that Diu eathamon "reflects a still older Irish word for 'Wednesday.'"
Jump up ^ A form unique to Irish. Ó Cróinín writes, "I suggest that it means simply 'on Thursday' ... it is temporal dat. of an n-stem (nom. sg. etham, gen. sg. ethamon – as in our Oxford list – and acc./dat. sg. ethamain)." (2003, p. 17) He furthermore suggests that etham ('arable land') "may be a noun of agency from ith (gen. sg. etho), with a meaning like corn-maker or some such thing; Diu eathamon might then be a day for sowing seed in a weekly regimen of activities such as we find in Críth Gablach." Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, 2003, p. 17. The form Ethomuin is found in Rawlinson B 502.
Jump up ^ A form unique to Irish, its meaning unclear.
Jump up ^ [1] " Māori Language Commission names for the days of the week" on Te Kete Ipurangi website, viewed 2017-12-07
Jump up ^ "Official Web Gateway to the Government of Timor-Leste - Tetum Phrases". gov.east-timor.org. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
Jump up ^ see J. Grimm, Teutonic Mythology, p. 122-123
Jump up ^ Monier-Williams, Sanskrit-English Dictionary (1899), s.v. vāra.
Jump up ^ The Chinese encyclopaedia Cihai (辞海) under the entry for "seven luminaries calendar" (七曜历/七曜曆, qī yào lì) has: "method of recording days according to the seven luminaries [七曜 qī yào]. China normally observes the following order: Sun, Mon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn. Seven days make one week, which is repeated in a cycle. Originated in ancient Babylon (or ancient Egypt according to one theory). Used by the Romans at the time of the 1st century AD, later transmitted to other countries. This method existed in China in the 4th century. It was also transmitted to China by Manichaeans in the 8th century from the country of Kang (康) in Central Asia" (translation after Bathrobe's Days of the Week in Chinese, Japanese & Vietnamese, plus Mongolian and Buryat (cjvlang.com)
Jump up ^ Richard A. Fletcher (1999). The Barbarian Conversion: From Paganism to Christianity. University of California Press. p. 257. ISBN 978-0-520-21859-8. McKenna, Stephen (1938). "Pagan Survivals in Galicia in the Sixth Century". Paganism and Pagan Survivals in Spain Up to the Fall of the Visigothic Kingdom. Catholic University of America. pp. 93–94. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Falk, Michael (19 March 1999). "Astronomical names for the days of the week". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 93 (1999–06): 122–133. Bibcode:1999JRASC..93..122F. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2003.07.002.
Jump up ^ Gray, 2012. The Languages of Pentecost Island.
Jump up ^ Ren is "day". Numbered weekdays are used for Tuesday-Friday and sometimes Monday; the names for Saturday and Sunday come from English.
Jump up ^ "Days of the Week in Chinese: Three Different Words for 'Week'". Cjvlang. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Swahili days, months, dates". online.fr.
Jump up ^ [2] Archived 20 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Astronomy and Basque Language, Henrike Knörr, Oxford VI and SEAC 99 "Astronomy and Cultural Diversity", La Laguna, June 1999. It references Alessandro Bausani, 1982, The prehistoric Basque week of three days: archaeoastronomical notes, The Bulletin of the Center for Archaeoastronomy (Maryland), v. 2, 16-22.
Jump up ^ See the image in Anthony, Charlotte. "Rushing to preserve Ladino legacies". Crescent City Jewish News. Retrieved 31 May 2016. The Ladino names are in the right-hand column, written in Hebrew characters.
Further reading[edit]
Brown, Cecil H. (1989). "Naming the days of the week: A cross-language study of lexical acculturation". Current Anthropology. 30 (4): 536–550. doi:10.1086/203782. JSTOR 2743391.
Falk, Michael (1999). "Astronomical Names for the Days of the Week". Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 93: 122–133. Bibcode:1999JRASC..93..122F. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2003.07.002.
Neugebauer, Otto (1979). Ethiopic astronomy and computus, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historische klasse, sitzungsberichte, 347 (Vienna)
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