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Rogue planet
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This article is about a type of astronomical object. For other uses, see Rogue planet (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with Rouge Plant.
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This video shows an artist's impression of the free-floating planet CFBDSIR J214947.2-040308.9.
A rogue planet (also termed an interstellar planet, nomad planet, free-floating planet, orphan planet, wandering planet, starless planet, sunless planet, or Planemo) is a planetary-mass object that orbits the galaxy center directly. Such objects have either been ejected from the planetary system in which they formed or have never been gravitationally bound to any star or brown dwarf.[1][2][3] The Milky Way alone may have billions of rogue planets.[4]
Some planetary-mass objects are thought to have formed in a similar way to stars, and the IAU has proposed that those objects be called sub-brown dwarfs.[5] A possible example is Cha 110913-773444, which might have been ejected and become a rogue planet, or otherwise formed on its own to become a sub-brown dwarf.[6] The closest free-floating planetary-mass object to Earth yet discovered, WISE 0855−0714, is at 7 light years, though it may be a sub-brown dwarf.[citation needed]
Recent observations of a very young free-floating planetary-mass object, OTS 44, with the Herschel Space Observatory and the Very Large Telescope demonstrate that the processes that characterize the canonical star-like mode of formation apply to isolated objects down to a few Jupiter masses. Herschel far-infrared observations show that this young free-floating planetary-mass object is surrounded by a disk of at least 10 Earth masses, and thus eventually, can form a mini planetary system.[7] Spectroscopic observations of OTS 44 with the SINFONI spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope reveal that the disk is actively accreting matter, in a similar way to young stars.[7] In December 2013, a candidate exomoon of a rogue planet was announced.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Observation
2 Retention of heat in interstellar space
3 Proplyds of planetars
4 Known or possible rogue planets
5 Rogue planets in fiction
6 See also
7 References
8 Bibliography
9 External links
Observation[edit]
Artist's conception of a Jupiter-size rogue planet.
Most methods of detecting exoplanets rely on periodic motion of the star caused by the planet in orbit. Since a rogue planet has no star, such a method cannot be used to detect rogue planets. Two methods used to detect rogue planets are gravitational microlensing and direct imaging.[citation needed] Direct imaging allows astronomers to observe rogue planets continuously. However, only young and massive rogue planets can be observed this way because they are the only ones that emit enough radiation to be detected. On the other hand, with no glare of a host star, an isolated planet can be observed more easily, once found.[citation needed] When a planetary-mass object passes in front of a star, the object's gravitational field causes momentary changes in the visible brightness of the background star. This is termed microlensing. Such effects cannot be observed continually because the planet is in motion relative to the background star, but it briefly allows the detection of older brown dwarf and lower-mass planets than is possible through direct imaging.
Astrophysicist Takahiro Sumi of Osaka University in Japan and colleagues, who form the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) and the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) collaborations, carried out a study of microlensing which they published in 2011. They observed 50 million stars in the Milky Way using the 1.8-meter MOA-II telescope at New Zealand's Mount John Observatory and the 1.3-meter University of Warsaw telescope at Chile's Las Campanas Observatory. They found 474 incidents of microlensing, ten of which were brief enough to be planets of around Jupiter's size with no associated star in the immediate vicinity. The researchers estimated from their observations that there are nearly two rogue planets for every star in the Milky Way.[9][10][11] Other estimates suggest a much larger number, up to 100,000 times more rogue planets than stars in the Milky Way.[12] In November 2012, astronomers discovered a rogue planet at 100 light-years.[13]
Retention of heat in interstellar space[edit]
Interstellar planets generate little heat nor are they heated by a star.[14] In 1998, David J. Stevenson theorized that some planet-sized objects adrift in the vast expanses of cold interstellar space might sustain a thick atmosphere that would not freeze out. He proposes that atmospheres are preserved by the pressure-induced far-infrared radiation opacity of a thick hydrogen-containing atmosphere.[15]
It is thought that, during planetary-system formation, several small protoplanetary bodies may be ejected from the forming system.[16] With the reduced ultraviolet light that would normally strip the lighter components from an atmosphere, due to its increasing distance from the parent star, the planet's atmosphere, composed predominantly of hydrogen and helium, would be easily confined even by an Earth-sized body's gravity.[15]
It is calculated that, for an Earth-sized object with a kilobar atmospheric pressure of hydrogen, in which a convective gas adiabat has formed, geothermal energy from residual core radioisotope decay will maintain a surface temperature above the melting point of water.[15] Thus, it is proposed that interstellar planetary bodies with extensive liquid-water oceans may exist. It is further suggested that these planets are likely to remain geologically active for long periods, providing there is a geodynamo-created protective magnetosphere, with possible sea floor volcanism (hydrothermal vents) providing an energy source for life.[15] Thus theoretically, humans might live on a planet without a sun, although food sources would be limited. The author admits these bodies would be difficult to detect due to the intrinsically weak thermal microwave radiation emissions emanating from the lower reaches of the atmosphere, although later research suggests that reflected solar radiation and far-IR thermal emissions may be detectable if such an object were to pass within 1000 AU of Earth.[17] A study of simulated planet ejection scenarios has suggested that around 5% of Earth-sized planets with Moon-sized natural satellites would retain their satellites after ejection. A large satellite would be a source of significant geological tidal force heating.[18]
Proplyds of planetars[edit]
Recently[when?], it has been discovered[who?] that some exoplanets such as the planemo 2M1207b, orbiting the brown dwarf 2M1207, have debris disks. If some large interstellar objects are considered stars (sub-brown dwarfs), then the debris could coalesce into planets, meaning the disks are proplyds. If these are considered planets, then the debris would coalesce as satellites. The term planetar exists for those accretion masses that seem to fall between stars and planets.[citation needed]
Known or possible rogue planets[edit]
The table below lists rogue planets, confirmed or suspected, that have been discovered. It is yet unknown whether these planets were ejected from orbiting a star or else formed on their own as sub-brown dwarfs.[citation needed]
Exoplanet
Mass (MJ)
Age (Myr)
Distance (ly)
Status
Discovery
OTS 44 ~15 0.5–3 160 Likely a low-mass brown dwarf[19] 1998
S Ori 52 2–8 1–5 1150 Age and mass uncertain; may be a foreground brown dwarf 2000[20]
Cha 110913-773444 5–15 ~2 163 Candidate 2004[21]
UGPS J072227.51-054031.2 5–40 13 Mass uncertain 2010
[MPK2010b] 4450 2–3 325 Candidate 2010[22]
CFBDSIR 2149-0403 4–7 110–130 117–143 Candidate 2012[23]
MOA-2011-BLG-262 ~4 May be a red dwarf 2013
PSO J318.5-22 5.5–8 21–27 80 Confirmed 2013[24]
2MASS J2208+2921 11–13 21–27 115 Candidate; radial velocity needed 2014[25]
WISE J1741-4642 4–21 23–130 Candidate 2014[26]
WISE 0855−0714 3–10 7.1 Age uncertain; may be a brown dwarf 2014[27]
2MASS J12074836–3900043 11–13 7–13 200 Candidate; distance needed 2014[28]
SIMP J2154–1055 9–11 30–50 63 Age questioned[29] 2014[30]
SDSS J111010.01+011613.1 10–12 110–130 63 Confirmed 2015[31]
2MASS J1119–1137 4–8 7–13 94 Candidate; distance needed 2016[32]
WISEA 1147 5–13 7–13 94 Candidate; distance needed 2016[33]
Rogue planets in fiction[edit]
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In Alex Raymond's 1930s original Flash Gordon comic strip, Mongo was depicted as a rogue planet, as well as in the 1982 TV-film adaptation of the Raymond comic.
The 1977 George R. R. Martin novel Dying of the Light is mostly set on a rogue planet named Worlorn that has been temporarily made habitable as it passes a nearby star system.
The American science-fiction series Star Trek: Enterprise aired an episode on March 20, 2002 titled "Rogue Planet", where the crew encounters a rogue planet in deep space. Due to geothermal venting along the equator, enough heat and oxygen exist allowing the humans to explore that region of the rogue planet with no need for EVA suits.
The 2012 novel Dark Eden by British author Chris Beckett is set on a rogue planet known as "Eden" to the descendants of a woman and a man stranded there almost two hundred years earlier. Remote from any star, Eden is heavily ice-bound, though with temperate oases where native life occurs. This life is driven by tree-like organisms that tap heat from the planet's warm interior, and which feed a complex ecosystem that the stranded humans have become a part of.
In Lars von Trier's film Melancholia, the destruction of the Earth by a rogue planet is a plot point.
In Fritz Leiber's short story A Pail of Air, humans on Earth struggle for survival after Earth becomes a rogue planet.
See also[edit]
Space portal
Spaceflight portal
A Pail of Air, related science fiction story
Brown dwarf
Intergalactic star
Interstellar comet
Sub-brown dwarf
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Shostak, Seth (2005-02-24). Orphan Planets: It's a Hard Knock Life. Space.com, 24 February 2005. Retrieved on 2009-02-05 from http://www.space.com/searchforlife/seti_orphan_planets_050224.html.
Jump up ^ Lloyd, Robin (2001-04-18). Free-Floating Planets – British Team Restakes Dubious Claim. Space.com, 18 April 2001. Retrieved on 2009-02-05 from http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/free_floaters_010403-1.html. Archived 13 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Author unknown (2001-04-18). Orphan 'planet' findings challenged by new model. NASA Astrobiology, 18 April 2001. Retrieved on 2009-02-05 from "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 March 2009. Retrieved 9 February 2009. .
Jump up ^ Neil deGrasse Tyson in Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey as referred to by National Geographic
Jump up ^ Working Group on Extrasolar Planets – Definition of a "Planet" Position Statement on the Definition of a "Planet" (IAU) Archived 16 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Rogue planet find makes astronomers ponder theory
^ Jump up to: a b Joergens, V.; Bonnefoy, M.; Liu, Y.; Bayo, A.; Wolf, S.; Chauvin, G.; Rojo, P. (2013). "OTS 44: Disk and accretion at the planetary border". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 558 (7): L7. Bibcode:2013A&A...558L...7J. arXiv:1310.1936  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322432.
Jump up ^ A sub-Earth-mass moon orbiting a gas giant primary or a high-velocity planetary system in the galactic bulge
Jump up ^ Homeless' Planets May Be Common in Our Galaxy Archived 8 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. by Jon Cartwright, Science Now, 18 May 2011, Accessed 20 may 2011
Jump up ^ Planets that have no stars: New class of planets discovered, Physorg.com, May 18, 2011. Accessed May 2011.
Jump up ^ [ T. Sumi; et al. (2011). "Unbound or Distant Planetary Mass Population Detected by Gravitational Microlensing". Nature. 473: 349–352. Bibcode:2011Natur.473..349S. arXiv:1105.3544v1  [astro-ph.EP]. doi:10.1038/nature10092.
Jump up ^ "Researchers say galaxy may swarm with 'nomad planets'". Stanford University. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
Jump up ^ (BBC) (Astron. & Asrophys.)
Jump up ^ Sean Raymond (9 April 2005). "Life in the dark". Aeon. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Stevenson, David J.; Stevens, CF (1999). "Life-sustaining planets in interstellar space?". Nature. 400 (6739): 32. Bibcode:1999Natur.400...32S. PMID 10403246. doi:10.1038/21811.
Jump up ^ Lissauer, J.J. (1987). "Timescales for Planetary Accretion and the Structure of the Protoplanetary disk". Icarus. 69 (2): 249–265. Bibcode:1987Icar...69..249L. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90104-7.
Jump up ^ Dorian S. Abbot; Eric R. Switzer (2 June 2011). "The Steppenwolf: A proposal for a habitable planet in interstellar space". The Astrophysical Journal. 735: L27. Bibcode:2011ApJ...735L..27A. arXiv:1102.1108  . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/735/2/L27.
Jump up ^ Debes, John H.; Steinn Sigurðsson (20 October 2007). "The Survival Rate of Ejected Terrestrial Planets with Moons". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 668 (2): L167–L170. Bibcode:2007ApJ...668L.167D. arXiv:0709.0945  . doi:10.1086/523103.
Jump up ^ Luhman, Kevin L. (10 February 2005). "Spitzer Identification of the Least Massive Known Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 620 (1): L51–L54. Bibcode:2005ApJ...620L..51L. arXiv:astro-ph/0502100  . doi:10.1086/428613.
Jump up ^ Zapatero Osorio, M. R. (6 October 2000). "Discovery of Young, Isolated Planetary Mass Objects in the σ Orionis Star Cluster". Science. 290: 103. Bibcode:2000Sci...290..103Z. doi:10.1126/science.290.5489.103.
Jump up ^ Luhman, Kevin L. (10 December 2005). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 635: 93L. Bibcode:2005ApJ...635L..93L. arXiv:astro-ph/0511807  . doi:10.1086/498868.
Jump up ^ Marsh, Kenneth A. (1 February 2010). "A Young Planetary-Mass Object in the ρ Oph Cloud Core". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 709: L158. Bibcode:2010ApJ...709L.158M. arXiv:0912.3774  . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/709/2/L158.
Jump up ^ Delorme, Philippe (25 September 2012). "CFBDSIR2149-0403: a 4-7 Jupiter-mass free-floating planet in the young moving group AB Doradus?". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 548A: 26. Bibcode:2012A&A...548A..26D. arXiv:1210.0305  . doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219984.
Jump up ^ Liu, Michael C. (10 November 2013). "The Extremely Red, Young L Dwarf PSO J318.5338-22.8603: A Free-floating Planetary-mass Analog to Directly Imaged Young Gas-giant Planets". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 777 (1): L20. Bibcode:2013ApJ...777L..20L. arXiv:1310.0457  . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/777/2/L20.
Jump up ^ Gagné, Jonathan (10 March 2014). "BANYAN. II. Very Low Mass and Substellar Candidate Members to Nearby, Young Kinematic Groups with Previously Known Signs of Youth". Astrophysical Journal. 783: 121. Bibcode:2014ApJ...783..121G. arXiv:1312.5864  . doi:10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/121.
Jump up ^ Schneider, Adam C. (9 January 2014). "Discovery of the Young L Dwarf WISE J174102.78-464225.5". Astronomical Journal. 147: 34. Bibcode:2014AJ....147...34S. arXiv:1311.5941  . doi:10.1088/0004-6256/147/2/34.
Jump up ^ Luhman, Kevin L. (10 May 2014). "Discovery of a ~250 K Brown Dwarf at 2 pc from the Sun". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 786: L18. Bibcode:2014ApJ...786L..18L. arXiv:1404.6501  . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/786/2/L18.
Jump up ^ Gagné, Jonathan (10 April 2014). "The Coolest Isolated Brown Dwarf Candidate Member of TWA". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 785 (1): L14. Bibcode:2014ApJ...785L..14G. arXiv:1403.3120  . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/785/1/L14.
Jump up ^ Liu, Michael C. (9 December 2016). "The Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. II. Young Ultracool Field Dwarfs". Astrophysical Journal. 833: 96. Bibcode:2016ApJ...833...96L. arXiv:1612.02426  . doi:10.3847/1538-4357/833/1/96.
Jump up ^ Gagné, Jonathan (1 September 2014). "SIMP J2154-1055: A New Low-gravity L4β Brown Dwarf Candidate Member of the Argus Association". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 792: L17. Bibcode:2014ApJ...792L..17G. arXiv:1407.5344  . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/L17.
Jump up ^ Gagné, Jonathan (20 July 2015). "SDSS J111010.01+011613.1: A New Planetary-mass T Dwarf Member of the AB Doradus Moving Group". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 808: L20. Bibcode:2015ApJ...808L..20G. arXiv:1506.04195  . doi:10.1088/2041-8205/808/1/L20.
Jump up ^ Kellogg, Kendra (11 April 2016). "The Nearest Isolated Member of the TW Hydrae Association is a Giant Planet Analog". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 821 (1): L15. Bibcode:2016ApJ...821L..15K. arXiv:1603.08529  . doi:10.3847/2041-8205/821/1/L15.
Jump up ^ Schneider, Adam C. (21 April 2016). "WISEA J114724.10-204021.3: A Free-floating Planetary Mass Member of the TW Hya Association". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 822 (1): L1. Bibcode:2016ApJ...822L...1S. arXiv:1603.07985  . doi:10.3847/2041-8205/822/1/L1.
Bibliography[edit]
Stevenson, D. (1999). "Life-sustaining planets in interstellar space?". Nature. 400 (6739): 32. Bibcode:1999Natur.400...32S. PMID 10403246. doi:10.1038/21811.
Article by Stevenson similar to the Nature article but containing more information, titled: "Possibility of Life Sustaining Planets in Interstellar Space"
External links[edit]
Look up Interstellar planet in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Exoplanets.
Definition of a "Planet" (Resolution B5 - IAU)
Strange New Worlds Could Make Miniature Solar Systems Robert Roy Britt (SPACE.com) 5 June 2006 11:35 am ET
The IAU draft definition of "planet" and "plutons" press release (International Astronomical Union) 2006
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All Eyez on Me
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the Tupac Shakur album. For the film about Tupac, see All Eyez on Me (film). For other uses, see All Eyez on Me (disambiguation).
All Eyez on Me
Studio album by 2Pac
Released
February 13, 1996 (1996-02-13)
Recorded
October 13–27, 1995
Studio
Can-Am Studios, Los Angeles, California
Genre
West Coast hip hop
G-funk
gangsta rap
Length
132:20
Label
Death Row
Interscope
Producer
Suge Knight (exec.)
Bobby "Bobcat" Ervin
Daz Dillinger
DeVante Swing
DJ Pooh
DJ Quik
Doug Rasheed
Dr. Dre
Harold Scrap Freddie
Johnny "J"
Mike Mosley
QDIII
Rick Rock
Timbaland
2Pac
Laylaw
2Pac chronology
Me Against the World
(1995)Me Against the World1995 All Eyez on Me
(1996) The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory
(1996)The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory1996
Singles from All Eyez on Me
"California Love"
Released: December 28, 1995
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted"
Released: May 7, 1996
"How Do U Want It"
Released: June 4, 1996
"I Ain't Mad at Cha"
Released: September 15, 1996
All Eyez on Me is the fourth studio album by American rapper 2Pac and the last one to be released during his lifetime. It was released on February 13, 1996, by Death Row Records and Interscope Records. The album featured the Billboard Hot 100 #1 singles "How Do U Want It" and "California Love". It featured five singles in all, the most of any of Shakur's albums. Moreover, All Eyez on Me (which was the only Death Row Records release to be distributed through PolyGram by way of Island Records) made history as the second double-full-length hip-hop solo studio album released for mass consumption (the first one being IAM's 1993 Ombre est lumière album). It was issued on two compact discs and four LPs.
All Eyez on Me was the second album by 2Pac to chart at #1 on both the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts, selling 566,000 copies in the first week. The album won the 1997 Soul Train R&B/Soul or Rap Album of the Year Award posthumously.[1][2] Shakur also won the Award for Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Artist at the 24th Annual American Music Awards. The album is among the most acclaimed hip-hop albums of the 1990s.[3][4] The album was certified Diamond by the RIAA on July 23, 2014, almost eighteen years after Shakur's death.[5][6]
The title of this album, "All Eyez On Me," is the same title used for Tupac's biopic, released on June 16th, 2017; which would have been Shakur's forty-sixth birthday.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Recording and production
2.1 Lyrical themes
3 Singles
3.1 Hit 'Em Up
4 Critical reception
4.1 Accolades
5 Commercial performance
6 Track listing
7 Sample credits
8 Personnel
9 Charts
9.1 Weekly charts
9.2 End of decade charts
10 Certifications
11 See also
12 References
13 External links
Background[edit]
In October 1995, Suge Knight and Jimmy Iovine paid the $1.4 million bail necessary to get Shakur released from jail on charges of sexual abuse. At the time, Shakur was broke and thus unable to make bail himself. All Eyez on Me was released following an agreement between Knight and Shakur which stated Shakur would make three albums under Death Row Records in return for them paying his bail. Fulfilling part of Shakur's brand new contract, this double-album served as the first two albums of his three-album contract.[7][8]
Euthanasia was the initial title of the album until it was changed to All Eyez on Me during the recording process. Shakur explained to MTV's Bill Bellamy in December 1995 saying:
“ It's called All Eyez on Me. That's how I feel it is. I got the police watching me, the Feds. I got the females that want to charge me with false charges and sue me and all that. I got the females that like me. I got the jealous homeboys and I got the homies that roll with me. Everybody's looking to see what I'mma do now so All Eyez on Me.[9] ”
All Eyez on Me was originally intended for a Christmas 1995 release but was pushed back as Shakur continued to record music and shoot music videos for the album.[9]
Recording and production[edit]
The album features guest spots from 2Pac's regulars, such as former-Thug Life members and The Outlawz, as well as Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Tha Dogg Pound, Nate Dogg, and George Clinton, Rappin' 4-Tay, The Click, Method Man, and Redman among others.[10] The song "Heartz of Men" samples a portion of Richard Pryor's comedy album That Nigger's Crazy. Most of the album was produced by Johnny "J" and Daz Dillinger, with help from Dr. Dre on the songs "California Love", which he himself appeared in also as an album guest spot, and "Can't C Me", which was Clinton's appearance. DJ Quik also produced, mixed and made an appearance on the album, but had to use his real name on the credits because his contract with Profile Records prevented him from using his stage name.
Lyrical themes[edit]
The songs on All Eyez on Me are, in general, unapologetic celebrations of living the "Thug Lifestyle". Though there is the occasional reminiscence about past and present friends, it is a definite move away from the social and political consciousness of 2Pacalypse Now and Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z....[11] The songs on the album along with the name of the album itself, allude to the feeling of being watched. With songs like "Can't C Me" and "All Eyez on Me", 2Pac makes it known that he feels the presence of surveillance, most notably by the police. The album also references the fact the 2Pac is under the attention of many fans, being his fourth studio album.[12]
Singles[edit]
The first single, "California Love" featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman was released, December 28, 1995.[13] This is perhaps 2Pac's best-known song and his most successful, reaching number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for two weeks (as a double A-side single with "How Do U Want It") and 5 weeks at number one in New Zealand. The song was nominated for a Grammy Award as a Best Rap Solo Performance and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group (with Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman) in 1997.[14] A remix version also produced by Dr. Dre appeared on the album. The song has since been certified 2x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.[15]
Rapper Snoop Dogg made an appearance on the album's second single "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted"
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" featuring rapper Snoop Dogg, was released as the second single on, May 7, 1996.[16] The video was directed by one of 2Pac's production partners, Gobi M. Rahimi and was filmed four months prior to September 1996 shooting. The prelude for the song shows a parody of Biggie Smalls ("Piggie") and Puff Daddy ("Buff Daddy") in discussion with Shakur about the November 1994 shooting. The beginning of the scene where Tupac is speaking to Biggie is in reference to the movie Scarface where Tony speaks to his alleged killer before shooting him.[17] The song peaked at number 46 on the US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay chart.[18]
The third single, "How Do U Want It" featuring R&B duo K-Ci & JoJo, was released, June 4, 1996.[19] It was a Double A-side single to "California Love" in America. The song reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100. There were three videos filmed for the song: two in the same set for the single in April 1996. The video was directed by Ron Hightower and produced by Tracy D. Robinson. These two are distinguished by MPAA rating (one is certified adult material). The video portrays a wild sex party with jacuzzi, mechanical bull riding, cage dancing and pole stripping. All actors and actresses are dressed in renaissance-age costumes, though all clothes are removed for the nude clip. The adult-material video also features numerous porn stars, including Nina Hartley, Heather Hunter, and Angel Kelly.[20] The limousine segment seen in the clean version is the same except no nudity.[21] The third one is the concert version, mostly them performing on stage. There are cameo appearances by K-Ci & JoJo, and fellow group member of Digital Underground Shock G both in the concert and studio segments.[22]
"I Ain't Mad at Cha" featuring singer Danny Boy, was released shortly after Shakur's death as the final single from the album, on September 15, 1996. For the video the song was re-recorded with a live band. The new track was recorded at Can-Am Studios by Conley Abrams. The video was shot weeks before Shakur's death.[23]
Hit 'Em Up[edit]
Main article: Hit 'Em Up
Shot from the "Hit 'Em Up" music video, with stand-in Biggie (left), Shakur (center), and Lil' Kim (right)
"Hit 'Em Up" is a diss track featuring the Outlawz. It was released on June 4, 1996, as the B-side to the single "How Do U Want It".[24] The song's lyrics contain vicious insults to several East Coast rappers, including The Notorious B.I.G., Puffy, Mobb Deep, Lil' Kim, Lil' Cease, Chino XL and the entire Junior M.A.F.I.A.. The song was recorded in Los Angeles, California at Can-Am Studios in May 1996. Reporter Chuck Philips, who interviewed Shakur at Can-Am, described the song as "a caustic anti-East Coast jihad in which the rapper threatens to eliminate Biggie, Sean Combs (Puffy), and a slew of Bad Boy artists and other New York acts."[25] The music video for "Hit 'Em Up" was filmed in a warehouse off Slauson Avenue near the Fox Hills Mall in Los Angeles in May 1996.[26][27] "Hit 'Em Up" had a large role in exacerbating the East Coast–West Coast hip hop rivalry. The song is widely considered by the American hip hop community as one of the greatest "diss tracks" ever recorded.[28] The song didn't appear on All Eyez on Me, due to it being recorded after the release of the album, however, it was included on Shakur's Greatest Hits album in 1998.[29]
Critical reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
AllMusic [30]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music [31]
Entertainment Weekly B+[32]
Los Angeles Times [33]
NME 9/10[34]
Q [35]
Rolling Stone [36]
The Rolling Stone Album Guide [37]
Spin 7/10[38]
USA Today [39]
All Eyez on Me received widespread acclaim. Spin magazine gave it 7 out of 10 and said: "As long as you don't expect philanthropy from Tupac, you'll find honesty and some pleasurably twisted scenarios."[40] The record ranked No. 3 on Entertainment Weekly's list of Top 10 albums of 1996.[41] AllMusic stated, "Maybe it was his time in prison, or maybe it was simply his signing with Suge Knight's Death Row label. Whatever the case, 2Pac re-emerged hardened and hungry with All Eyez on Me, the first double-disc album of original material in hip-hop history. With all the controversy surrounding him, 2Pac seemingly wanted to throw down a monumental epic whose sheer scope would make it an achievement of itself. But more than that, it's also an unabashed embrace of the gangsta lifestyle, backing off the sober self-recognition of Me Against the World. Sure, there are a few reflective numbers and dead-homiez tributes, but they're much more romanticized this time around"."Despite some undeniable filler, it is easily the best production 2Pac's ever had on record".[42] In the Los Angeles Times, Cheo Hodari Coker praised the album: "All Eyez on Me, a 27-song, 133-minute gangster's paradise, finds the rapper even more venomous than he was before his 11-month incarceration for sexual abuse. He displays no remorse for his tough life, and even less feeling for his enemies. The only thing jail time did for 2Pac was make his creative fires burn even hotter—he raps here with a passion and skill matched in gangsta rap only by Snoop Doggy Dogg and the Notorious B.I.G. And with such producers as DJ Pooh, DJ Quik, Dr. Dre and Johnny J laying down the tracks, he finally has a musical team worthy of his talent."[33]
"It's like a Cali thug-life version of Pink Floyd's The Wall – pure gangsta ego run amok over two CDs," complained Rolling Stone. "At that length, the album's all-hard-all-the-time tone approaches caricature."[43] Nonetheless, the album was included in the magazine's essential recordings of the 1990s.[44]
On MTV's Greatest Rappers of All Time list, All Eyez on Me was listed as one of 2Pac's "certified classic" albums, along with 2Pacalypse Now, Me Against the World, and The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory.[45]
Accolades[edit]
The information regarding accolades attributed to All Eyez on Me is adapted from Acclaimed Music.[46]
Asterisk (*) signifies unordered lists.
Publication
Country
Accolade
Year
Rank
FNAC France The 1000 Best Albums of All Time[47] 2008 461
Rock & Folk The Best Albums from 1963 to 1999[48] 1999 *
Babylon Greece The 50 Best Albums of the 1990s 48
Hip-Hop Connection United Kingdom The 100 Greatest Rap Albums 1995–2005 2005 35
The New Nation Top 100 Albums by Black Artists 64
Q The Ultimate Music Collection *
90 Albums of the 90s 1999 *
rap.About.com United States 100 Greatest Hip Hop Albums[49] 2008 80
Best Rap Albums of 1996[50] 1
Tom Moon 1000 Recordings to Hear Before You Die *
Entertainment Weekly The 100 Best Albums from 1983 to 2008 87
Ego Trip Hip Hop's 25 Greatest Albums by Year 1980–98 1999 14
Rolling Stone The Essential Recordings of the 90s *
100 Best Albums of the Nineties[51] 2010 50
Complex The 90 Best Rap Albums of the '90s 2014 10
Commercial performance[edit]
All Eyez on Me debuted at number-one on both the Billboard 200 and the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums charts. It was the second album from 2Pac to do so,[52] selling 566,000 copies in the first week.[53] All Eyez on Me has shipped 10 million copies in the United States as of July 23, 2014, and has been certified Diamond by the RIAA, which makes it one of the best-selling albums in the US.[54][55] In the UK, BPI certified the album Silver (300,000 copies sold) on January 1, 1997, followed by Gold on July 22, 2013, and Platinum on November 14, 2014.[56] It has charted on Billboard 200 for 105 weeks in total.
All Eyez on Me is 2Pac's best selling album.[55] It was re-released in 2001 as enhanced CDs containing the "California Love" music video. Both discs contained the same data track. It was also re-released as a Dual-Disc in 2005.
Track listing[edit]
Disc 1: Book 1
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
1. "Ambitionz Az a Ridah"
Tupac Shakur
Delmar Arnaud
Daz Dillinger 4:39
2. "All Bout U" (featuring Snoop Dogg, Nate Dogg, Dru Down, Yaki Kadafi and Hussein Fatal)
Shakur
Johnny Jackson
Larry Blackmon
Tomi Jenkins
Johnny "J"
2Pac
4:37
3. "Skandalouz" (featuring Nate Dogg)
Shakur
Arnaud
Daz Dillinger 4:09
4. "Got My Mind Made Up" (featuring Tha Dogg Pound and Method Man & Redman)
Shakur
Arnaud
Ricardo Brown
Daz Dillinger 5:13
5. "How Do U Want It" (featuring K-Ci & JoJo)
Shakur
Jackson
Johnny "J" 4:48
6. "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted" (featuring Snoop Dogg)
Shakur
Calvin Broadus
Arnaud
Daz Dillinger 4:07
7. "No More Pain"
Shakur
DeVanté Swing
Timothy Mosley
Clifford Smith
Robert Diggs, Jr.
DeVante Swing
Timbaland
6:15
8. "Heartz of Men"
Shakur
David Blake
Prince Nelson
George Clinton, Jr.
William Collins
Clarence Haskins
Bernard Worrell
DJ Quik 4:43
9. "Life Goes On"
Shakur
Jackson
Stacey Smallie
Johnny "J" 5:02
10. "Only God Can Judge Me" (featuring Rappin' 4-Tay)
Shakur
Doug Rasheed
Doug Rasheed
Harold Scrap Freddie
4:57
11. "Tradin' War Stories" (featuring Dramacydal, C-Bo and Storm)
Shakur
Mike Mosley
Mike Mosley
Rick Rock
5:29
12. "California Love (Remix)" (featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman)
Shakur
James Anderson
Andre Young
Roger Troutman
Larry Troutman
Norman Durham
Woody Cunningham
Dr. Dre Laylaw 6:25
13. "I Ain't Mad at Cha" (featuring Danny Boy)
Shakur
Arnaud
Daz Dillinger 4:54
14. "What'z Ya Phone #" (featuring Danny Boy)
Shakur
Jackson
Johnny "J"
2Pac
5:10
Total length: 70:25
Disc 2: Book 2
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length
1. "Can't C Me" (featuring George Clinton)
Shakur
Young
Dr. Dre 5:30
2. "Shorty Wanna Be a Thug"
Shakur
Jackson
Johnny "J" 3:52
3. "Holla at Me"
Shakur
Bobby Ervin
Bobby "Bobcat" Ervin 4:55
4. "Wonda Why They Call U Bytch"
Shakur
Jackson
Johnny "J"
2Pac
4:18
5. "When We Ride" (featuring Outlawz)
Shakur
Mark Jordan
DJ Pooh
2Pac
5:10
6. "Thug Passion" (featuring Jewell, Dramacydal and Storm)
Shakur
Jackson
L. Troutman
R. Troutman
Shirley Murdock
Johnny "J"
2Pac
5:08
7. "Picture Me Rollin'" (featuring Danny Boy, CPO and Big Syke)
Shakur
Jackson
Tiruss Himes
Johnny "J" 5:15
8. "Check Out Time" (featuring Kurupt and Big Syke)
Shakur
Jackson
Himes
Brown
Johnny "J"
2Pac
4:39
9. "Ratha Be Ya Nigga" (featuring Richie Rich)
Shakur
Rasheed
Doug Rasheed 4:14
10. "All Eyez on Me" (featuring Big Syke)
Shakur
Jackson
James Pennington
Johnny "J" 5:08
11. "Run tha Streetz" (featuring Michel'le, Napoleon and Storm)
Shakur
Jackson
Johnny "J"
2Pac
5:16
12. "Ain't Hard 2 Find" (featuring D-Shot, C-Bo, B-Legit, Richie Rich and E-40)
Shakur
Mosley
Mike Mosley
Rick Rock
4:29
13. "Heaven Ain't Hard 2 Find" (featuring Danny Boy)
Shakur
Quincy Jones III
QDIII 3:59
Total length: 61:55
[show]Original UK edition bonus track
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer
Length
14. "California Love" (short radio edit; featuring Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman)
Shakur
James Anderson
Young
R. Troutman
L. Troutman
Durham
Cunningham
Dr. Dre 4:45
Total length: 66:40
Notes
"All Bout U" features additional vocals from Nate Dogg and Snoop Dogg and uncredited vocals from Dru Down.
"Life Goes On" features Stacey Smallie additional backgrounds Nanci Fletcher
"Tradin' War Stories" features uncredited vocals from CPO.
"California Love (Remix)" features background vocals from Barbara Wilson, Nanci Fletcher and Danette Williams.
"Can't C Me" features additional vocals from George Clinton and Nanci Fletcher.
"Wonder Why They Call U Bytch" originally featured former Bad Boy Records singer Faith Evans, but her vocals were replaced.
"Check Out Time" features background vocals from Natasha Walker.
"Ratha Be Ya Nigga" features background vocals from Stacey Smallie.
Track list, writing and production credits adapted from AllMusic review, MusicBrainz database and CD booklet (available from Discogs).[57][58]
Sample credits[edit]
Ambitionz Az a Ridah[59]
"Pee-Wee's Dance" performed by Joeski Love
All Bout U[60]
"Candy" performed by Cameo
Got My Mind Made Up[61]
"I Got My Mind Made Up (You Can Get It Girl)" performed by Instant Funk
"Sucker M.C.'s" performed by Run–D.M.C.
"Eric B. is President" performed by Eric B. & Rakim
How Do U Want It[62]
"Body Heat" performed by Quincy Jones
2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted[63]
"The Message" performed by Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five
Radio Activity Rapp (Let's Jam)" performed by MC Frosty and Lovin' C
"The Posse (Shoot 'Em Up)" performed by Intelligent Hoodlum
No More Pain[64]
"Bring the Pain" performed by Method Man
Heartz of Men[65]
"Darling Nikki" performed by Prince and The Revolution
"Mudbone - Intro" performed by Richard Pryor
"Up for the Down Stroke" performed by Parliament
"You're Gettin' a Little Too Smart" performed by The Detroit Emeralds
"The Back Down" performed by Richard Pryor
"Nigger With a Seizure" performed by Richard Pryor
"Jim Brown" performed by Richard Pryor
Life Goes On[66]
"Brandy (You're A Fine Girl)" performed by The O'Jays
Only God Can Judge Me[67]
"Top Billin'" performed by Audio Two
Tradin' War Stories[68]
"Too Little in Common" performed by Randy Brown
California Love (Remix)[69]
"So Ruff, So Tuff" performed by Roger Troutman
"Intimate Connection" performed by Kleeer
"Woman to Woman" by Joe Cocker
"West Coast Poplock" performed by Ronnie Hudson and The Street People
"Dance Floor" performed by Zapp
I Ain't Mad at Cha[70]
"A Dream" performed by DeBarge
What'z Ya Phone #[71]
"777-9311" performed by The Time
Can't C Me[72]
"(Not Just) Knee Deep" performed by Funkadelic
"I'm Only Out for One Thang" performed by Ice Cube
"Get Off My Dick and Tell Yo Bitch to Come Here" performed by Ice Cube
"What's My Name" performed by Snoop Dogg
"Shake, Rattle and Roll" performed by Big Joe Turner
Shorty Wanna Be a Thug[73]
"Wildflower" performed by Hank Crawford
When We Ride[74]
"What Would You Do" performed by Tha Dogg Pound
Thug Passion[75]
"Computer Love" performed by Zapp & Roger
Picture Me Rollin'[76]
"Winter Sadness" performed by Kool & the Gang
"Better Off" performed by Johnny "J"
Check Out Time[77]
"Candy Rain" performed by Soul for Real
"Just Don't Bite It" performed by N.W.A
Ratha Be Ya Nigga[78]
"I'd Rather Be with You" performed by Bootsy Collins
All Eyez on Me[79]
"Never Gonna Stop" performed by Linda Clifford
Run tha Streetz[80]
"Piece of My Love" performed by Guy
Heaven Ain't Hard 2 Find[81]
"What You Won't Do for Love" performed by Bobby Caldwell
Personnel[edit]
Credits for All Eyez on Me adapted from AllMusic and CD booklet.[82][57]
2Pac — associate producer, composer, primary artist, producer
Suge Knight — executive producer
Norris Anderson — production manager
Delmar "Daz" Arnaud — composer
Dave Aron — engineer, mixing
Big Syke — featured artist
Larry Blackmon — composer
David Blake — composer, mixing, producer, talk box
B-Legit — featured artist
Bobcat — composer
Calvin Broadus — composer
R. Brown — composer
C-BO — featured artist
Larry Chatman — associate producer
Rick Clifford — engineer
G. Clinton, Jr. — composer
George Clinton — composer, featured artist, vocals
Nanci Fletcher — featured artist, vocals
Dorothy Coleman — background vocals
W. Collins — composer
Kenn Cox — composer
CPO — featured artist
Woody Cunningham — composer
Tommy D. Daugherty — engineer
Danny Boy — featured artist
Dat Nigga Daz — featured artist, producer
Robert Diggs — composer
DJ Pooh — composer, mixing, producer
Dr. Dre — composer, featured artist, mixing, producer
Tha Dogg Pound — featured artist
Nate Dogg — featured artist, vocals
Dramacydal — featured artist
Dru Down — featured artist
Norman Durham — composer
E-40 — featured artist
Ebony — background vocals
Bobby Ervin — composer, producer
Fatal — featured artist
Brian Gardner — mastering
Michael Geiser — associate engineer
Yaki Kadafi — featured artist
Nathaniel Hale — composer
C. Haskins — composer
Johnny Jackson — composer
Jewell — featured artist
Johnny "J" — mixing, producer
Puff Johnson — background vocals
Jojo the Elf — featured artist
E. Jordan — composer
Kurupt — featured artist
Alvin McGill — associate engineer, engineer
Method Man — featured artist
Michel'le — featured artist
Mike Mosley — assistant engineer, composer, mixing, producer
Nanci Fletcher — featured artist
Shirley Murdock — composer
Ken Nahoum — photography
Outlawz — featured artist
J.P. Pennington — composer
Prince — composer
George Pryce — art direction, design
QD3 — composer
Rappin' 4-Tay — featured artist
Doug Rasheed — composer, producer
Danny Ray — background vocals
Redman — featured artist
Richie Rich — featured artist
Rick Rock — producer
Patrick Shevelin — associate engineer
Carl "Butch" Small — percussion
Stacey Smallie — background vocals
C. Smith — composer
Henry "Hendogg" Smith — illustrations
Snoop Doggy Dogg — featured artist, vocals
Troy Staton — engineer
D. Stevens — composer
E. Stevens — composer
D. Stewart — composer
The Storm — featured artist
DeVanté Swing — composer, mixing, producer
Roy Tesfay — production co-ordination
Rahiem Prince Thomas — composer
S. Thomas — composer
Sean "Barney" Thomas — keyboards
Larry Troutman — composer
Roger Troutman — composer, featured artist, talk box, unknown contributor role
Natasha Walker — background vocals
Carlos Warlick — engineer, mixing
Barbara Warren — stylist, unknown contributor role
Bruce Washington — composer
Danette Williams — background vocals
Barbara Wilson — background vocals
Nanci Fletcher — background vocals
Keston Wright — engineer
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1996)
Peak
position
Australian Albums Chart[83]
19
Belgium Charts (Flanders)[84]
44
Belgium Charts (Wallonia)[85]
34
Dutch Albums Chart[86]
11
French Albums Chart[87]
15
German Albums Chart[88]
16
New Zealand Albums Chart[89]
15
Norwegian Albums Chart[90]
14
Swedish Albums Chart[91]
5
Switzerland Albums Chart[92]
15
UK R&B Albums Charts[93]
6
UK Albums Chart[94][95]
32
US Billboard 200[96]
1
US Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums (Billboard)[96]
1
Chart (2002)
Peak
position
UK Albums (Official Charts Company)[97]
65
Chart (2003)
Peak
position
Irish Albums Chart[98]
62
UK Albums (Official Charts Company)[97]
74
French Albums Chart[99]
99
End of decade charts[edit]
Chart (1990–1999)
Position
U.S. Billboard 200[100] 97
Preceded by
Jagged Little Pill by Alanis Morissette Billboard 200 number-one album
March 2, 1996 – March 15, 1996 Succeeded by
Jagged Little Pill by Alanis Morissette
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[101]
Gold 35,000^
Canada (Music Canada)[102]
Platinum 100,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[103]
Platinum 300,000^
United States (RIAA)[104]
10× Platinum 5,000,000^
^shipments figures based on certification alone
See also[edit]
Hip hop portal
Tupac Shakur discography
List of number-one albums of 1996 (U.S.)
List of number-one R&B albums of 1996 (U.S.)
List of best-selling albums in the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Maxwell, Tupac Top Soul Train Awards". E! Online. March 7, 1997. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ "2Pac ♥ Wins "R&B/Soul or Rap Album of the Year" [Soul Train Music Awards March 14, 1997]". YouTube. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Top Hip Hop Albums". Acclaimed Music. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Juss, Matt. "Classic Album: Tupac's "All Eyez on Me" (Review & Video)". DJ Booth. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Archived from the original on 2013-01-04. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Gold & Platinum". RIAA. Archived from the original on 2013-01-04. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
Jump up ^ David Drake; Erik Ross; Lauren Nostro; Ted Simmons; Insanul Ahmed (April 5, 2013). "16 Label Changes That Shocked The Rap Game". Complex. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ San Miguel, Danielito (February 8, 2012). "Tupac's official contract with Death Row Records. Confirmed by David Kenner and Suge Knight". Truth About Tupac. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Namikas, Michael (February 11, 2016). "All Eyez on Him: Celebrating 2Pac's Magnum Opus". HipHopDX. Retrieved January 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rare Tupac interview on Luke's Peepshow 1996 2Pac". YouTube. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tupac Interview by Bill Bellamy 1996 (HQ)". YouTube. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Nielson, Erik. ""Can't C Me": Surveillance and Rap Music." Journal of Black Studies 40.6 (2010): 1254-274. Web.
Jump up ^ "2Pac - California Love". AllMusic. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "39th Grammy Awards - 1997 held February 26, 1997". Rock On The Net. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "2Pac - How Do U Want It / California Love". RIAA. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "2Pac / Snoop Dogg - 2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted". AllMusic. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Death Row Records (Nov 13, 2009). "2Pac - "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted"". YouTube. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Airplay – Issue Date: 1996-06-08". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Archived from the original (requires registration) on January 15, 2013. Retrieved June 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ "2Pac - How Do U Want It". AllMusic. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
Jump up ^ DJ Vlad (March 18, 2016). "Heather Hunter Cries When Asked About 2Pac, "How Do You Want It" Video". YouTube. Retrieved 30 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "2Pac - How Do You Want It XXX". YouTube. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "2Pac - How Do You Want It (Concert Version)". YouTube. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Death Row Records (April 18, 2010). "2Pac Featuring Danny Boy - I Ain't Mad At Cha - Official Death Row Upload". YouTube. Retrieved 29 November 2016.
Jump up ^ Complex News (June 4, 2015). "This Forgotten Day In Hip-Hop: 2Pac Releases "Hit'Em Up"". YouTube. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Philips, Chuck (September 13, 2012). "Comment on the 1995 Tupac recording". Chuck Philips Post. Retrieved 9 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tupac Hit 'em up Behind the scene's". YouTube. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "2Pac - Hit 'Em Up (Dirty) (Official Video) HD". YouTube. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
Jump up ^ Preezy (June 4, 2016). "20 Years Later: Why 2Pac's 'Hit 'Em Up' Is the Greatest Diss Song of All Time". The Boombox. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "2Pac - Greatest Hits". AllMusic. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Huey, Steve. "All Eyez on Me – 2Pac". AllMusic. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Larkin, Colin (2011). The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-85712-595-8.
Jump up ^ Browne, David (March 8, 1996). "All Eyez on Me". Entertainment Weekly. New York. Retrieved May 21, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Coker, Cheo Hodari (February 11, 1996). "2Pac: Bitter, Remorseless, Brilliant". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Morton, Roger (March 2, 1996). "2Pac – All Eyez On Me". NME. London. Archived from the original on August 17, 2000. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "2Pac: All Eyez on Me". Q. London (178): 130. July 2001.
Jump up ^ Jamison, Laura (April 4, 1996). "All Eyez on Me". Rolling Stone. New York. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Tate, Greg (2004). "2Pac/Tupac Shakur". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian. The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 830–32. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
Jump up ^ Cummings, Sue (May 1996). "2Pac: All Eyez on Me". Spin. New York. 12 (2): 106–07. Retrieved May 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gundersen, Edna (February 12, 1996). "2Pac keeps controversial 'Eyez' on the ball". USA Today. McLean. Retrieved May 21, 2014. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Spin (5/96, p. 106) – 10 (out of 10)
Jump up ^ Entertainment Weekly (12/27/96-1/3/97, p. 146) – Ranked #3 on Entertainment Weekly 's list of the Top 10 Albums And Singles Of 1996.
Jump up ^ All Eyez on MeAMG review
Jump up ^ Rolling Stone Yearbook, 26 December 1996–9 January 1997
Jump up ^ Rolling Stone (May 13, 1999, p. 74) – Included in Rolling Stone 's Essential Recordings of the 90s.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 6, 2012. Retrieved January 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "All Eyez on Me". Acclaimed Music. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "La discothèque idéale de la Fnac en 1000 disques". Le Soir. November 27, 2008. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Disco 2000 : 1963–1999 Les albums indispensables (décembre 1999)". Rock&Folk. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Adaso, Henry. The Greatest Hip-Hop Albums of all Time. about.com. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ Adaso, Henry. Best Rap Albums of 1996. about.com. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hudak, Joseph. "2Pac, 'All Eyez on Me' - 100 Best Albums of the Nineties". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
Jump up ^ "All Eyez on Me - 2Pac". AllMusic. February 13, 1996. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Jerry, Crowe (November 14, 1996). "All Eyes on Shakur's 'Don Killuminati'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lamarre, Carl (August 1, 2014). "Tupac's 'All Eyez on Me' Goes Diamond". XXL. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Tupac Month: 2Pac's Discography". XXL. September 16, 2011. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Certified Awards". BPI. Input All Eyez on Me as the keyword, using the drop-down lists below switch the parameters as follows [from top]: Title, All, Album, then tick the Exact match checkbox and click Search.
^ Jump up to: a b Images for 2Pac - All Eyez on Me
Jump up ^ All Eyez on Me track list adapted from the AllMusic review
Jump up ^ "Ambitionz Az a Ridah by 2Pac". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "All Bout U by 2Pac, Dru Down and Hussein Fatal feat. Nate Dogg, Snoop Dogg and Yaki Kadafi". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Got My Mind Made Up by 2Pac and Redman feat. Daz Dillinger, Kurupt and Method Man". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "How Do U Want It by 2Pac feat. K-Ci & JoJo". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted by 2Pac feat. Snoop Dogg". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "No More Pain by 2Pac". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Heartz of Men by 2Pac". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Life Goes On by 2Pac". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Only God Can Judge Me by 2Pac feat. Rappin' 4-Tay". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Tradin War Stories by 2Pac feat. C-Bo, Dramacydal and Storm (Donna Hunter)". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "California Love (Remix) by 2Pac feat. Dr. Dre and Roger Troutman". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "I Ain't Mad at Cha by 2Pac feat. Danny Boy". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "What'z Ya Phone # by 2Pac feat. Danny Boy". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Can't C Me by 2Pac feat. George Clinton". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Shorty Wanna Be a Thug by 2Pac". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "When We Ride by 2Pac feat. Outlaw Immortalz". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Thug Passion by 2Pac". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Picture Me Rollin by 2Pac feat. Danny Boy, Big Syke and C.P.O". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Check Out Time by 2Pac". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Ratha Be Ya Nigga by 2Pac feat. Richie Rich (Rapper)". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "All Eyez on Me by 2Pac". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Run Tha Streetz by 2Pac". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "Heaven Ain't Hard 2 Find by 2Pac feat. Danny Boy". WhoSampled.
Jump up ^ "All Eyez on Me - 2Pac | Songs, Reviews, Credits". Allmusic. Retrieved February 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "australian-charts.com - 2 Pac - All Eyez on Me". Australian-Charts.com. Archived from the original on October 23, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "www.ultratop.be - 2 Pac - All Eyez on Me". ultratop.be. Archived from the original on August 14, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "www.ultratop.be - 2 Pac - All Eyez on Me". ultratop.be. Archived from the original on August 12, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "dutchcharts.nl - 2 Pac - All Eyez on Me". dutchcharts.nl. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Les albums classés par artistes". Dominic DURAND / InfoDisc. Archived from the original on October 13, 2005. Retrieved August 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "musicline.de - 2 Pac - All Eyez on Me". musicline.de. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "charts.org.nz - 2 Pac - All Eyez on Me". charts.org.nz. Archived from the original on September 8, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "norwegiancharts.com - 2 Pac - All Eyez on Me". NorwegianCharts.com. Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "swedishcharts.com - 2Pac - All Eyez on Me". SwedishCharts.com. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2 Pac - All Eyez on Me - hitparade.ch". hitparade.ch. Archived from the original on March 2, 2005. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ Official R&B Albums Chart Top 40 | Official Charts Company
Jump up ^ "Search Results -- Albums". chartstats.com. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2PAC | Artist". Official Charts. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "allmusic ((( All Eyez on Me - Charts & Awards - Billboard Albums )))". Allmusic. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chart Log UK: Numerals". Zobbel.de. Retrieved December 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "GFK Chart-Track". Chart-track.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-04-14.
Jump up ^ "lescharts.com - 2 Pac - All Eyez on Me". LesCharts.com. Retrieved May 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ Mayfield, Geoff (December 25, 1999). 1999 The Year in Music Totally '90s: Diary of a Decade - The listing of Top Pop Albums of the '90s & Hot 100 Singles of the '90s. Billboard. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 1997 Albums". Australian Recording Industry Association.
Jump up ^ "Canadian album certifications – 2 Pac – All Eyez on Me". Music Canada.
Jump up ^ "British album certifications – 2 Pac – All Eyez on Me". British Phonographic Industry. Enter All Eyez on Me in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ "American album certifications – 2_Pac – All Eyez on Me". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
External links[edit]
All Eyez on Me at AllMusic
All Eyez on Me at Discogs (list of releases)
All Eyez on Me at MusicBrainz (list of releases)
[show]
v
t
e
Tupac Shakur
Studio albums
2Pacalypse Now
Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z...
Thug Life: Volume 1
Me Against the World
All Eyez on Me
The Don Killuminati: The 7 Day Theory
Posthumous albums
R U Still Down? (Remember Me)
Still I Rise
Until the End of Time
Better Dayz
Loyal to the Game
Pac's Life
Live albums
2Pac Live
Live at the House of Blues
Compilation albums
Greatest Hits
The Rose That Grew from Concrete
The Prophet: The Best of the Works
Nu-Mixx Klazzics
Tupac: Resurrection
The Rose, Vol. 2
The Prophet Returns
Beginnings: The Lost Tapes 1988–1991
Nu-Mixx Klazzics Vol. 2
Best of 2Pac
Related albums
Nothing but Trouble (soundtrack)
Sons of the P
Juice (soundtrack)
Poetic Justice (soundtrack)
Above the Rim (soundtrack)
Gridlock'd (soundtrack)
Gang Related (soundtrack)
A 2Pac Tribute: Dare 2 Struggle
Extended plays
Makaveli & Dillinger Don't Go 2 Sleep
Singles
"Brenda's Got a Baby"
"If My Homie Calls"
"Trapped"
"Holler If Ya Hear Me"
"I Get Around"
"Keep Ya Head Up"
"Papa'z Song"
"Cradle to the Grave"
"Dear Mama"
"So Many Tears"
"Temptations"
"California Love"
"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted"
"How Do U Want It"
"All Bout U"
"I Ain't Mad at Cha"
"Life Goes On"
"Toss It Up"
"To Live & Die in LA"
"Hail Mary"
"Wanted Dead or Alive"
"Made Niggaz"
Posthumous singles
"I Wonder If Heaven Got a Ghetto"
"Do for Love"
"Changes"
"Unconditional Love"
"Baby Don't Cry (Keep Ya Head Up II)"
"Who Do U Believe In"
"Until the End of Time"
"Letter 2 My Unborn"
"Thugz Mansion"
"Still Ballin'"
"Runnin' (Dying to Live)"
"One Day at a Time (Em's Version)"
"Thugs Get Lonely Too"
"Ghetto Gospel"
"Untouchable"
"Pac's Life"
"Playa Cardz Right"
Other songs
"I Don't Give a Fuck"
"Runnin' (From tha Police)"
"Hit 'Em Up"
"Are U Still Down"
"Panther Power"
Featured singles
"Smile"
"Playa Cardz Right"
Books
The Rose That Grew from Concrete
Stage
Holler If Ya Hear Me
Filmography
Nothing but Trouble
Juice
Poetic Justice
Above the Rim
Bullet
Gridlock'd
Gang Related
Documentaries
Biggie & Tupac
Tupac: Resurrection
Tupac: Assassination
Outlawz
Yaki Kadafi
Kastro
Napoleon
E.D.I. Mean
Hussein Fatal
Mussolini
Komani
Young Noble
Related articles
Discography
List of songs
Outlawz
Digital Underground
Afeni Shakur
Assata Shakur
Mopreme Shakur
Mutulu Shakur
East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry
Makaveli Branded Clothing
Niccolò Machiavelli
Orlando Anderson
Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts
Billy Garland
Kadafi
List of awards and nominations received by Tupac Shakur
Murder of Tupac Shakur
All Eyez on Me
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=All_Eyez_on_Me&oldid=815584563"
Categories:
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Revenge of the Pink Panther
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Revenge of the Pink Panther
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Blake Edwards
Produced by
Blake Edwards
Screenplay by
Frank Waldman
Ron Clark
Blake Edwards
Story by
Blake Edwards
Starring
Peter Sellers
Herbert Lom
Dyan Cannon
Robert Webber
Tony Beckley
Paul Stewart
Music by
Henry Mancini
Leslie Bricusse (songwriter)
Cinematography
Ernest Day
Edited by
Alan Jones
Production
company
Sellers-Edwards Productions
Jewel Productions Limited
Distributed by
United Artists
Release date
July 19, 1978 (1978-07-19)
Running time
98 minutes
Country
United Kingdom
United States
Language
English
Budget
$12,000,000
Box office
$49.5 million (US) [1]
Revenge of the Pink Panther is a British comedy film. It is the sixth film in The Pink Panther comedy film series. Released in 1978, it is the final on-set performance released during the lifetime of Peter Sellers, who died in 1980. It is also the last entry to be distributed solely by United Artists, which was purchased by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1981. The opening credits are animated by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Critical reception
5 Cancelled sequel
6 Soundtrack
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Philippe Douvier (Robert Webber), a major businessman and secretly the head of the French Connection, is suspected by his New York Mafia drug trading partners of weak leadership and improperly conducting his criminal affairs. To demonstrate otherwise, Douvier's aide Guy Algo (Tony Beckley) suggests a show of force with the murder of the famous Chief Inspector Jacques Clouseau (Peter Sellers).
Unfortunately for Douvier, his first attempt at bombing Clouseau fails, and the subsequent attempt by Chinese martial artist 'Mr. Chong' (an uncredited appearance by the founder of American Kenpo, Ed Parker) is thwarted when Clouseau successfully fights him off (believing him to be Clouseau's valet Cato (Burt Kwouk), who has orders to keep his employer alert with random attacks). Douvier tries again by posing as an informant to lure Clouseau into a trap, but the Chief Inspector's car and clothes are stolen by transvestite criminal Claude Russo (Sue Lloyd), who is unknowingly killed by Douvier's men instead. Subsequently, Douvier and the French public believe Clouseau is dead; as a result of this assumption, Clouseau's ex-boss, former Chief Inspector Charles Dreyfus (Herbert Lom), is restored to sanity and is released from the lunatic asylum to perform the investigation (despite being seemingly disintegrated in the previous film).
In Russo's clothes and insisting on his true identity, Clouseau is taken to the asylum himself but escapes into Dreyfus' room, who faints from the shock of seeing Clouseau alive. Clouseau manages to disguise himself as Dreyfus and is driven home by François (André Maranne). At home, Clouseau finds Cato, who, despite having turned Clouseau's apartment into a Chinese-themed brothel, is relieved to see he survived and the two plan revenge on the sponsor of Clouseau's assassination. Meanwhile, Dreyfus is assigned to read a eulogy at Clouseau's funeral by the police chief's wife, on pain of his own discharge. At the cemetery, Clouseau attends the burial disguised as a priest and then surreptitiously reveals himself to Dreyfus, who recognizes him, faints, and falls into the grave. Clouseau escapes.
Meanwhile, due to his unfaithfulness, Douvier's wife threatens him with divorce. Needing her respectability, Douvier tells his secretary and paramour Simone LeGree (Dyan Cannon) that their relationship is over, to which Simone reacts angrily. Fearing that she will reveal his crimes, Douvier gives orders to have Simone killed at her nightclub, but having been told by an informant (Alfie Bass) of the possibility of trouble there, Clouseau and Cato inadvertently manage to save her. At Simone's flat, Clouseau reveals his identity, prompting her to reveal that Douvier ordered Clouseau's assassination. Finally, she tells him of the Douvier's plan to meet the New York Mafia godfather Julio Scallini (Paul Stewart) in Hong Kong for the Gannet Transaction - a $50,000,000 heroin sale.
After evading their pursuers, Clouseau, Cato, and Simone follow Douvier to Hong Kong in disguise, unaware that the now suspicious Dreyfus has followed them. There, Clouseau impersonates Scallini while Simone distracts the real one, but the plan goes awry when one of Scallini's men spots Douvier leaving their hotel with a stranger and Clouseau exposes his own disguise during the Gannet Transaction. In the confusion, Dreyfus, intent on killing Clouseau chases him into a firework warehouse, accidentally activating all the fireworks inside.
After the events that occurred in Hong Kong, Douvier and Scallini are arrested. Clouseau is awarded for their arrest by the President of France, and he and Simone spend an evening together.
Cast[edit]
Peter Sellers as Chief Inspector Jacques Clouseau
Dyan Cannon as Simone Legree
Herbert Lom as Chief Inspector Charles Dreyfus
Robert Webber as Philippe Douvier
Burt Kwouk as Cato Fong
Tony Beckley as Guy Algo
Robert Loggia as Al Marchione
Paul Stewart as Julio Scallini
André Maranne as Sgt. François Chevalier
Graham Stark as Prof. Auguste Balls
Alfie Bass as Fernet
Sue Lloyd as Claude Russo
Douglas Wilmer as Police Commissioner
Ferdy Mayne as Dr. Paul Laprone
Valerie Leon as Tanya
Ed Parker as Mr. Chong (uncredited)
Adrienne Corri as Therese Douvier
Henry McGee as Officer Bardot
Andrew Sachs as Hercule Poirot
Julian Orchard as Hospital Clerk
John Bluthal as Guard at Cemetery
Rita Webb as Woman at Window
Ragbir Sraan as Arab Sheikh
Production[edit]
When United Artists spent three months on previews and continuous editing of the previous Pink Panther movie The Pink Panther Strikes Again (according to Daily Variety in 1976), Edwards decided he would try to salvage any humorous material remaining. He suggested that Revenge of the Pink Panther should primarily be made up of this footage and that he would write and shoot new footage around it with Sellers and company. Sellers balked at this and insisted that Revenge feature all new footage. Sellers' contract for Revenge gave him story approval, which is why that film carries a story credit for Edwards that none of the previous films had.
The opening animated titles in the film were designed by DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, who had been involved with the series since the animated titles of the original 1963 film, The Pink Panther.[2] It was the first time since Inspector Clouseau in 1968 that DePatie-Freleng animated the opening titles of a Pink Panther film (Return and Strikes Again having been done by Richard Williams' Studio).[3]
The film was partly filmed in The Excelsior hotel in Hong Kong. [4]
This is Graham Stark's first stint as Professor Auguste Balls. He portrays him once more in Son of the Pink Panther (1993).[5]
Critical reception[edit]
Variety wrote, "Revenge of the Pink Panther isn't the best of the continuing film series, but Blake Edwards and Peter Sellers on a slow day are still well ahead of most other comedic filmmakers."[6] Vincent Canby wrote in The New York Times "If you have the Clouzot habit, as I have, there's very little that Mr. Edwards and Mr. Sellers could do that would make you find the movie disappointing."[7]
Cancelled sequel[edit]
Romance of the Pink Panther was a Pink Panther film that Sellers was working on—and willing to make without Edwards—before Sellers' fatal heart attack in July 1980.[8] UA considered recasting the role before convincing Blake Edwards to return to the series. Edwards chose to replace Clouseau with a new character rather than replace Sellers as Clouseau and to utilize outtakes from The Pink Panther Strikes Again to set up a transitional film (Trail of the Pink Panther) with new linking footage shot on the set of the new film (Curse of the Pink Panther).[9]
Soundtrack[edit]
Composed by Henry Mancini in his fifth Pink Panther, its theme music and much of the soundtrack draw heavily from the disco trends of the late 1970s. The "Pink Panther Theme" itself was reworked to include a more dancy bassline, electric piano and guitar solo.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Revenge of the Pink Panther, Box Office Information". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved June 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rowan, Terry. "Whodoneit! A Film Guide". Lulu.com – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Leszczak, Bob (22 August 2014). "The Odd Couple on Stage and Screen: A History with Cast and Crew Profiles and an Episode Guide". McFarland – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Lee, Amanda; Li, Sandy (6 June 2017). "Mandarin Oriental mulls sale of iconic Excelsior hotel in Hong Kong". South China Morning Post.
Jump up ^ Leonard Maltin's 2015 Movie Guide ISBN 9780451468499
Jump up ^ Staff, Variety (1 January 1978). "Revenge of the Pink Panther".
Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9E01E1DA1F31E632A2575AC1A9619C946990D6CF
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger. "Peter Sellers Dies at 54 - Interviews - Roger Ebert". www.rogerebert.com.
Jump up ^ "Trail of the Pink Panther". Turner Classic Movies.
External links[edit]
Revenge of the Pink Panther on IMDb
Revenge of the Pink Panther at the TCM Movie Database
Revenge of the Pink Panther at AllMovie
Revenge of the Pink Panther at the American Film Institute Catalog
Film portal
1970s portal
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e
Films directed by Blake Edwards
Bring Your Smile Along (1955)
He Laughed Last (1956)
Mister Cory (1957)
This Happy Feeling (1958)
The Perfect Furlough (1958)
Operation Petticoat (1959)
High Time (1960)
Breakfast at Tiffany's (1961)
Experiment in Terror (1962)
Days of Wine and Roses (1962)
The Pink Panther (1963)
A Shot in the Dark (1964)
The Great Race (1965)
What Did You Do in the War, Daddy? (1966)
Gunn (1967)
The Party (1968)
Darling Lili (1970)
Wild Rovers (1971)
The Carey Treatment (1972)
The Tamarind Seed (1974)
The Return of the Pink Panther (1975)
The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976)
Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978)
10 (1979)
S.O.B. (1981)
Victor/Victoria (1982)
Trail of the Pink Panther (1982)
Curse of the Pink Panther (1983)
The Man Who Loved Women (1983)
Micki & Maude (1984)
A Fine Mess (1986)
That's Life! (1986)
Blind Date (1987)
Sunset (1988)
Justin Case (1988)
Skin Deep (1989)
Peter Gunn (1989)
Switch (1991)
Son of the Pink Panther (1993)
Victor/Victoria (1995)
hide
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t
e
The Pink Panther
Feature films
Original series
The Pink Panther (1963)
A Shot in the Dark (1964)
Inspector Clouseau (1968)
The Return of the Pink Panther (1975)
The Pink Panther Strikes Again (1976)
Revenge of the Pink Panther (1978)
Trail of the Pink Panther (1982)
Curse of the Pink Panther (1983)
Son of the Pink Panther (1993)
Reboot
The Pink Panther (2006)
The Pink Panther 2 (2009)
Music
"The Pink Panther Theme"
"Meglio stasera"
"Check on It"
"A Woman Like Me"
Other
List of The Pink Panther characters
Inspector Clouseau
Pink Panther jewel
Lugash
Cartoons
Shorts
List of The Pink Panther cartoons
List of The Inspector cartoons
TV shows
The Pink Panther Show (1969–1980)
Pink Panther and Sons (1984–1985)
The Pink Panther (1993–1996)
Pink Panther and Pals (2010)
TV specials
A Pink Christmas (1978)
Olym-Pinks (1980)
Pink at First Sight (1981)
Characters
The Pink Panther
The Little Man
The Inspector
The Ant and the Aardvark
Crazylegs Crane
The Blue Racer
Misterjaw
The Dogfather
Roland and Rattfink
Tijuana Toads
Hoot Kloot
Video games
Pink Goes to Hollywood (1993)
The Pink Panther: Passport to Peril (1996)
The Pink Panther: Hokus Pokus Pink (1998)
Related
DePatie–Freleng Enterprises
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Revenge_of_the_Pink_Panther&oldid=846339605"
Categories:
1978 films
English-language films
1970s comedy films
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American films
American comedy films
American sequel films
British films
British comedy films
British sequel films
Films scored by Henry Mancini
Films directed by Blake Edwards
Films with live action and animation
Films set in 1978
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