text:
Two-minute warning
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For the 1976 film, see Two-Minute Warning.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In the National Football League (NFL), the two-minute warning is given when two minutes of game time remain on the game clock in each half of a game, i.e. near the end of the second and fourth quarters.[1] The suspension of play is two minutes long, the same as the short two-minute intermissions between quarters within each half.[2] There is an additional two-minute warning in the rare event only two minutes remain in an overtime period. However, in the postseason, where games continue indefinitely if there is no score, there is no two-minute warning in the first overtime, but if the second overtime, or any subsequent even overtime, is still tied with two minutes remaining (which has never happened), there will be a two-minute warning. If the football is in play when the clock reaches 2:00, the two-minute warning is called immediately after the play concludes, when the ball is declared dead. The two-minute warning stops the game clock in all cases.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Rules
2.1 10-second runoff
2.2 Injuries
2.3 Other rules
3 Other football leagues
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
The origins are from the early years in the NFL when the official game time was kept by a member of the officiating crew, with the stadium clock being unofficial. Its purpose was a checkpoint to ensure that the teams knew how much time remained in the game. In the early 1960's the upstart American Football League made the stadium clock the official game time, a change followed later in the decade by the NFL. By then, television was an important factor in professional football, so the two-minute warning was retained as a commercial break and to serve as "tension building" time, and thus has become an important part of the game's flow.[3]
Rules[edit]
In addition to those practical purposes, gradually, some rules have evolved that are unique to the final two minutes of each half and overtime. There is no special event at the ends of the first and third quarters, aside from swapping end zones, so there is no two-minute warning then, only at the halves, except as implemented in Pro Bowls from 2014 to 2016.
The two-minute warning in the fourth quarter is an important milestone in the game for a team that is in the lead and looking to run out the clock. If the leading team has the ball on first down with less than two minutes to go in the game and the opposing team has no timeouts remaining, the quarterback can often safely end the game by taking a knee three times in a row without risking injuries or turnovers. This is because at the end of each play, the offensive team can take up to 40 seconds to start running the next play.
10-second runoff[edit]
The following situations result in a 10-second game clock runoff if the team in possession of the ball is trailing or the game is tied and the team in possession of the ball has no timeouts remaining in that half. If there are 10 seconds or less left in the half or game, the half or game is ended by such runoff.
Excessive timeouts due to injuries (see below)
Replay reviews in a situation where the clock would not have stopped without the review
One of the following six fouls is committed by the offense. Following the runoff, the game clock will resume again once the ball is set. The runoff can also occur if a team declines to use a timeout if it has timeouts remaining.
False start
Intentional grounding
Illegal forward pass beyond the line of scrimmage
Throwing a backwards pass out of bounds
Spiking or throwing the ball away after a down (unless after a touchdown)
Any other intentional act that causes the clock to stop
Injuries[edit]
If a player is injured and his team has timeouts remaining in that half, a timeout is automatically charged to that team to allow the injured player to be removed from the field. If a team is out of timeouts, they are allowed an otherwise-excessive "fourth timeout". However, to minimize the feigning of injuries to save game clock time, any subsequent injuries after the fourth timeout result in a five-yard penalty. In addition to an excessive timeout, there is a 10-second runoff (if it was an offensive player that was injured) or the play clock is reset to 40 seconds (if it was a defensive player).[citation needed]
Exceptions to the above include if the other team called a timeout immediately after the previous play to save time on the clock; the injury was caused by a foul by an opponent; or the previous play resulted in a change of possession, a successful field goal, or was a conversion attempt.[citation needed]
Other rules[edit]
Within the two-minute warning period in the 1st half of the game, any restarting of the game following a timeout will happen with a scrimmage down.[2]
Within the two-minute warning period (of either half), instant replay reviews can only take place if the replay assistant, who sits in the press box and monitors the network broadcast of the game, determines that a play needs review. Coaches may not use a coach's challenge.
Within the two-minute warning period (of either half), if a player fumbles the ball, any player on his team can recover the ball, but only the player who fumbled can advance it beyond the spot of the fumble. If any other player from the same team recovers the fumble downfield, the ball is spotted back at the point where it was initially fumbled. This rule also applies to the offense on fourth down at any point in the game, but applies to all downs and both teams after the two-minute warning. This rule was added for the 1979 season as a response to the September 1978 "Holy Roller" play.
Other football leagues[edit]
The CFL has a three-minute warning, while the Arena Football League, and other indoor gridiron football leagues have a one-minute warning.[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ James Alder. "About Football Glossary - Two-minute Warning". About.com. Retrieved 14 January 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Rule 4 Game Timing, Section 1 Article 2:Intermissions, Section 3 Article 2:Scrimmage down" (PDF). Official NFL Playing Rules. National Football League. Retrieved 14 January 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Ethan Trex (26 November 2009). "Why Does the NFL Have a Two-Minute Warning?". mental floss. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
External links[edit]
"What is a two minute warning" video explanation at videojug
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Circuit of the Americas
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Circuit of the Americas

Layout of the Grand Prix circuit
Location
Elroy, 12 miles (19 km) south of Austin, Texas
Time zone
UTC−6 / −5 (DST)
Coordinates
30°7′58″N 97°38′28″W / 30.13278°N 97.64111°W / 30.13278; -97.64111Coordinates: 30°7′58″N 97°38′28″W / 30.13278°N 97.64111°W / 30.13278; -97.64111
Capacity
120,000
FIA Grade
1
Owner
Circuit of the Americas LLC
Broke ground
December 31, 2010
Opened
October 21, 2012
Architect
Hermann Tilke
Miró Rivera Architects
Major events
FIA Formula One
United States Grand Prix
(2012–present)
FIM Road Racing World Championship
Grand Prix of the Americas
(2013–present)
FIA World Endurance Championship
6 Hours of Circuit of the Americas
(2013–2017)
FIA World Rallycross Championship
World RX of USA
(2018—)
World Series Formula V8 3.5
Austin Race
(2017)
Porsche Supercup
(2014–2016)
V8 Supercars
Austin 400
(2013)
American Le Mans Series
International Sports Car Weekend
(2013)
Rolex Sports Car Series
Grand-Am of the Americas
(2013)
IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship
Lone Star Le Mans
(2014–2017)[1]
Summer X Games
(2014–2016)[2]
Grand Prix Circuit (2012–present)
Length
3.427 mi (5.513 km)
Turns
20
Race lap record
1:37.766 ( Sebastian Vettel, Ferrari, 2017)
Website
www.circuitoftheamericas.com
Pit lane
Hairpin Turn 11 before completion
CoTA on race day
CoTA on opening day – from Parking Lot A
Crowd at CoTA on race day
Tower at CoTA
Collective Soul performing at the Tower Amphitheater
The Austin360 Amphitheater as seen from the top of the tower
A view of the main straight from Turn 1 (track invasion after the 2014 MotoGP race)
The 251 feet (77 m) observation tower under construction at Circuit of the Americas
Circuit of The Americas (COTA) is a grade 1 FIA specification 3.427-mile (5.515 km) motor racing facility located in Austin, Texas, on the southeastern periphery of Austin city limits, in Central Texas. COTA plays host to the Formula One United States Grand Prix and the Motorcycle Grand Prix of The Americas,[3] a round of the FIM Road Racing World Championship. It previously hosted the Australian V8 Supercars,[4] the American Le Mans Series,[5] the Rolex Sports Car Series,[6] the FIA World Endurance Championship,[7] and the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship.
The circuit and Grand Prix were first proposed in the middle of 2010. The circuit was the first in the United States to be purpose-built for Formula One. The layout was conceived by promoter Tavo Hellmund and 1993 Motorcycle World Champion Kevin Schwantz[8] with the assistance of German architect and circuit designer Hermann Tilke, who has also designed the Sepang, Shanghai, Yas Marina, Istanbul, Bahrain, Yeongam, and Buddh circuits, as well as the reprofiling of the Hockenheimring and Fuji Speedway. The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license.[9]
A crowd of 117,429 watched the Formula One race in November 2012.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Construction
1.2 City endorsement and lawsuit
1.3 Breach of contract and reinstatement
1.4 Dispute over planned MotoGP race
2 Facilities
2.1 Racetrack
2.1.1 Reception
2.2 Grand Plaza
2.3 Observation Tower
2.4 Austin360 Amphitheater
2.5 Main Grandstand
2.6 Soccer stadium
3 Lap records
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Construction[edit]
In a news conference on July 27, 2010, Tavo Hellmund announced plans to build the track on about 890 acres (3.6 km2) of undeveloped land in southeastern Travis County. The majority of the site was previously planned for a residential subdivision called "Wandering Creek".[11] In the same news conference, Hellmund also revealed that Texas billionaire Red McCombs was the project's largest investor. McCombs wished to call the site "Speed City",[12] but the owners originally anticipated selling the naming rights to various parts of the facility for $7 million.[13] On April 12, 2011, the track's name was announced as "Circuit of the Americas" at a press conference.[14] The circuit homologation design was submitted to the FIA in Geneva for approval on December 17, 2010. HKS, Inc. and Tilke Engineers & Architects designed the track and Austin Commercial, a subsidiary of Austin Industries, was the general contractor. Construction began on December 31, 2010,[15] and was due to be complete by June 2012.[16] Following a stop-work order in December 2011, the completion date was revised to August.[17] The first tasks were building the silt fences, taking core samples, and shredding existing vegetation.[18]
On January 21, 2011, a $900,000 check was posted with Travis County that permitted grading to begin. The money was to be used to restore the land if the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) declined to allow the project to move forward because part of the site lies in a floodplain.[19] FEMA issued a letter on June 28, 2011, stating the project meets its floodplain management criteria.
In January 2012, Travis County announced that Elroy Road—one of the two primary public access roads to the circuit—would receive an upgrade to handle the volume of incoming traffic, but not before the running of the 2012 race.[20] At the time of the announcement, the unstable clay soils under the road surface had caused Elroy Road to gradually buckle and shift, necessitating the upgrade.
On June 13, 2012, Charlie Whiting—the FIA-appointed Race Director for Formula One—declared himself satisfied with the circuit's construction, scheduling a final pre-race inspection of the circuit for September 25, sixty days before the first race,[21] which the circuit later passed.[22]
The first layer of asphalt was completed on August 3, 2012.[23] Construction began laying the final layer of asphalt on August 14,[24] and was finished on September 21.[25] The track was officially opened on October 21, with Mario Andretti running the ceremonial first laps in a Lotus 79, the car he drove when he became the last American to win the World Drivers' Championship in 1978.[26]
The Grand Plaza, Observation Structure, Tower Amphitheater, and Main Grandstand were designed by Austin-based architectural firm Miró Rivera Architects.
City endorsement and lawsuit[edit]
In order for the race to take place, the Austin city council was asked to be the sponsoring municipality for the event. Through being a sponsor, the city could apply for money from a state fund, the Major Events Trust Fund (METF), designed to attract major sporting events to Texas that would be used to pay the Formula One race sanctioning fee.[27] This matter was complicated by opponents of the project who filed a lawsuit against state comptroller Susan Combs, claiming that she had promised the funding to the circuit without having been legally authorized to do so,[28] though promoters have responded stating that all necessary guidelines had been followed. On July 1, 2011, a state district court judge declined to enter a temporary restraining order against Combs preventing payments from the METF; nonetheless, Texas Comptroller Combs reconsidered and chose not to make the July 31 advance payment to FOMC/Bernard Ecclestone as previously agreed for the first year's sanctioning fee. The attorney for the project's opponents has stated that he is unsure if they will continue pursuing the lawsuit.[29]
In June 2011, the Austin city council agreed to allow the circuit to apply to the Texas Major Events Trust Fund but withheld its full endorsement requiring the circuit to pay the financial match normally borne by the local government sponsor. As a part of the endorsement, the sport will pay $15,000 in carbon offsets and $5 million to establish an on-site research project into environmentally friendly technologies.
Breach of contract and reinstatement[edit]
In November 2011, Bernie Ecclestone expressed what he called "minor" doubt over the future of the United States Grand Prix in Austin after "disagreements inside the [management] company".[30] These issues were later confirmed when construction of the circuit came to a halt because of a dispute between the circuit owners, promoter Full Throttle Productions, and Formula One Management.[31] Promoter Tavo Hellmund admitted that his company had been in breach of its contract with Formula One Management since May 2011. The situation further escalated when state comptroller Susan Combs described the planned Grand Prix of America as a threat to the race in Texas, and said that the first $25 million payment from the state sports fund would only be made available after the first Grand Prix at the circuit, despite having previously promised to make the funds available in time for the inaugural event.[32] Bernie Ecclestone later issued an ultimatum to the owners and organizers: find a solution before the December 7 meeting of the FIA World Motorsport Council or else risk being removed from the 2012 calendar. Ecclestone emphasized that if the Circuit of the Americas were removed from the calendar, it would not be added again at a later date.
On December 7, 2011, the World Motorsport Council released the final calendar for the 2012 season, with the Circuit of the Americas retaining its November 18 date. Further details revealed that the race investors, McCombs and Epstein, had reached a new arrangement with Ecclestone, with work on the circuit scheduled to resume immediately.[33] As a part of the arrangement, organizers paid the sanctioning fee for the 2012 race one year in advance as a show of good faith.[34] At the time of the circuit's reinstatement, there were no reports supporting Tavo Hellmund's continued involvement under the new contract. On March 4, 2012, The Austin American-Statesman reported that Hellmund had launched legal proceedings against investors Bobby Epstein and Red McCombs, with Hellmund claiming that he was still a part of the management company and had not been paid since September.[35] Further details emerged, reporting that Hellmund was in the process of attempting to acquire Epstein's interest in the company, describing the condition of the circuit as of March 4 as "teetering".[36] Epstein responded to the lawsuit by stating that Hellmund had been found to have been in breach of contract by Formula One Management.[36]
In June 2012, the dispute between Hellmund and Epstein was reported to have been settled out of court.[37]
Dispute over planned MotoGP race[edit]
In April 2011, plans were unveiled by Tavo Hellmund of Full Throttle Productions and Kevin Schwantz of 3fourTexas for the circuit to host a round of the 2013 MotoGP World Championship, with the race to be known as the Texas Grand Prix.[14] The race was the brainchild of Schwantz, the circuit co-designer, who would serve as event promoter with his company, 3fourTexas. However, following the settlement of the lawsuit between Tavo Hellmund and Bobby Epstein, Schwantz announced that he would be suing Steve Sexton. Schwantz claimed that upon the resolution of the dispute between Hellmund and Epstein, Sexton moved to negotiate directly with MotoGP's commercial rights holder, Dorna Sports, ignoring what he claimed was an existing contract between Dorna and 3fourTexas to hold the race.[38] Circuit representatives denied that there was ever a contract between Schwantz and the Circuit of the Americas, and that his dispute was with Dorna Sports.[39] Dorna later claimed that although a contract for the race between Dorna and Schwantz had existed, the contract had been terminated in July 2012 as they believed Schwantz had failed to acquire the necessary rights from the circuit to hold the race.[40] Schwantz then accused Sexton and the Circuit of the Americas of "undermining" him, deliberately blocking his attempts to establish a race in order to have the contract terminated and allowing them to negotiate a more-favourable arrangement with Dorna.[41]
In October 2012, Dorna Sports announced that they had come to agreeable terms with organisers of the Texas motorcycle Grand Prix, including the race on the 2013 calendar as the Motorcycle Grand Prix of the Americas, but made no mention of the dispute with Schwantz or any outcome of it.[3]
Prior of the 2014 Motorcycle Grand Prix of the Americas, the circuit announced that COTA and Schwantz had amicably settled their legal differences and reached an agreement to collaborate to promote motorcycling racing, with Schwantz taking the role as official ambassador for COTA.[42][43]
Facilities[edit]
Racetrack[edit]
In an episode of Speed TV's Wind Tunnel program broadcast on August 22, 2010, Tavo Hellmund revealed that the circuit would be 3.4 miles (5.5 km) long and would be made up of twenty turns with an elevation change of 133 feet (41 m). The final plan of the circuit was released on September 1, 2010, showing a design inspired by the European tradition of sculpting the circuit to the contours of the land. The design draws from several European Formula One circuits, including a recreation of Silverstone's Maggotts-Becketts-Chapel sequence, Hockenheim's arena bends, and a replica of Istanbul's Turn Eight.[44] Other corners were loosely inspired by the Senna 'S' at Interlagos and the Österreichring's Sebring-Auspuffkurve.[8] A feature of the circuit is a deliberate widening of corners, to encourage drivers to follow multiple racing lines.[45] A similar feature was used at the Buddh International Circuit in India, where the circuit widens on the approach to certain corners.
The circuit was one of only a handful on the Formula One 2012 calendar to be run counter-clockwise, the others being Marina Bay, the Korea International Circuit, Yas Marina, and Interlagos. Because of this, the circuit contains more left-hand turns than right-hand ones, placing greater physical demands on the drivers whose bodies, particularly their necks, are more adapted to the lateral g-forces of clockwise circuits.
From the start line, the drivers climb a gradient of over 11% to the first corner—the highest point of the circuit—with the apex of the corner positioned on the crest of the hill. They descend the hill to navigate a series of fast sweepers modeled on Silverstone's Maggotts-Becketts-Chapel complex and through a blind corner at Turn 10, taking them to the far end of the circuit and a hairpin at Turn 11. The drivers then follow a 0.62-mile (1.00 km) straight back towards the pit and paddock area before entering the final sector of the lap and weaving through a series of corners modeled on Hockenheim's stadium section. This is followed by a downhill, multi-apex corner with limited run-off before the final two corners of the circuit, a pair of left-hand bends that return the drivers to the main straight.
Reception[edit]
The reception from drivers ahead of the inaugural race was highly positive. Fernando Alonso and Lewis Hamilton both praised the circuit, suggesting that it would be considerably more difficult to learn than other recent additions to the Formula One calendar.[46] Jenson Button described the first sector as "spectacular", but remarked that he felt that starting second would be better than starting first as the placement of pole position put it on a steeper incline than the rest of the grid.[47] Kamui Kobayashi, on the other hand, was less complimentary, claiming that he did not feel intimidated by the steep climb to the first corner as it was no different from Eau Rouge at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, and accusing the media of hyping it up without precedent.[47] Mark Webber was also unimpressed, stating that while he enjoyed driving the first sector of the circuit, the second and third sectors were similar to other circuits on the calendar.[48]
Grand Plaza[edit]
Bordered by the track on three sides, the Grand Plaza is a 20 acres (0.081 km2) space designed by Miró Rivera Architects of Austin, Texas that includes a large reflecting pool, lawn, and varying landscape zones. A promenade along the north side of the Grand Plaza hosts concessions, retail, restroom facilities, and entrances to spectator seating. From the southeast end of the Grand Plaza, two pedestrian bridges cross over turns 16 and 3 to provide access for visitors to other areas of the circuit complex.[49]
Observation Tower[edit]
Circuit of the Americas features a 251 feet (77 m) observation tower designed by Miró Rivera Architects and built by Patriot Erectors as a landmark for the venue. The structure of the tower consists of an elevator hoist-way surrounded by a double helix staircase of 419 stairs, both of which lead to an observation platform 230 feet (70 m) above ground level. The platform provides a 360-degree panorama of the circuit, as well as views to downtown Austin, Texas. The observation platform, which is accessible to the public for an admission fee, can accommodate up to 70 visitors and features glass railings and a partial glass floor.[50] In addition, a "veil" consisting of 18 bright red steel tubes runs nearly the full height of the tower, acting as a canopy for both the observation platform and the stage below. The design of the observation tower was inspired by the visual imagery of sports cars and movement, and the red color was selected to mimic the streaks of lights trailing racecars at night.[51]
Austin360 Amphitheater[edit]
See also: List of Austin360 Amphitheater performers
On July 23, 2012, COTA announced a booking agreement with Live Nation to book major concerts at an open air amphitheater to be built at the base of the observation tower. Designed by Miró Rivera Architects, the venue opened in April 2013 with a concert by Kenny Chesney.[52] The amphitheater will accommodate up to 14,000 people with 5,240 permanent reserved seats. Another 1,700 seats can be configured on the stage-front floor or there is standing room for 2,300. The remaining general admission spots are on a sloping grass area behind the reserved seats. The venue was originally going to be called Tower Amphitheater, but in March 2013, was renamed to Austin360 Amphitheater, with naming rights sold to the entertainment/events website associated with the Austin American-Statesman.[53]
Main Grandstand[edit]
The primary permanent seating at Circuit of the Americas is located within the Main Grandstand, designed by Miró Rivera Architects.[54] Above-ground construction on the grandstand began in March 2012, and the "topping out" occurred in June 2012 with completion in time for the inaugural United States Grand Prix.
The Main Grandstand is 65 feet (20 m) tall, and has a total capacity of approximately 9,000 spectators. The seating is divided into three levels: lower level (capacity ~5400, including Loge Boxes), club level (capacity ~2900), and suite level (capacity ~750). The majority of seating is covered by a tensile fabric canopy. The primary structure is 500 feet (150 m) long, while the lower risers extend an additional 500 feet. The grandstand also contains concessions, restrooms, offices, and two lounge spaces located at the second and third levels. The Velocity Lounge on the second level is approximately 7,100 square feet (660 m2), and contains a 36-screen video wall and the acrylic painting "Velocity" by Dallas-based artist Christopher Martin measuring 120 feet (37 m) in length.[55]
Both the Main Grandstand and the concessions buildings in the Grand Plaza were conceived as a modular system consisting of several components that can be arranged according to need. The concessions, with banners and deep canopies, can be expanded with restrooms, permanent seating or suites. Inherent to this “kit-of-parts” construction system is flexibility allowing the site to grow and change.[49]
Soccer stadium[edit]
In August 2017, a new soccer-specific stadium was announced to be built between the Amphitheater and the Grand Plaza. A professional soccer team will start playing in the United Soccer League in 2019.[56][57]
Lap records[edit]
Event
Class
Time
Car/bike
2017 United States Grand Prix F1 1:37.766 Ferrari SF70H
2017 6 Hours of Circuit of the Americas LMP1 1:47.149 Porsche 919 Hybrid
2013 6 Hours of Circuit of the Americas LMP2 1:54.559 Oreca 03
2013 Grand-Am of The Americas DP 2:00.026 Corvette
2013 6 Hours of Circuit of the Americas LM GTE 2:03.520 Ferrari 458 Italia
2014 Motorcycle Grand Prix of the Americas MotoGP 2:03.575 Honda
2017 Motorcycle Grand Prix of the Americas Moto2 2:09.948 Kalex
2017 Trans-Am series GT1 2:10.328 Ford Mustang
2017 Motorcycle Grand Prix of the Americas Moto3 2:15.583 Honda
2017 MotoAmerica Superbike/Superstock Superbike 2:09.173 Yamaha
2013 Austin 400† V8 Supercar 1:33.5951 Holden VF Commodore
2015 Formula Sun Grand Prix Solar EV 4:30.444 Iowa State University Phaeton
Road legal production car Production car 2:11:30[58] Nio EP9
2017 Autonomous Electric Car EV 2:40:33[59] Nio EP9
† uses a shorter 3.7 km section of the track.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "IMSA to race at Mid-Ohio in 2018, skip COTA". www.racer.com. Retrieved July 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ "X GAMES AUSTIN COMING TO CIRCUIT OF THE AMERICAS". Circuit of the Americas. July 17, 2013. Archived from the original on June 6, 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "MotoGP to race in Texas in 2013 at the Circuit of The Americas". MotoGP.com. Dorna Sports. October 3, 2012. Retrieved October 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ "V8 Supercar Series coming to Austin in 2013". Autoblog.com.
Jump up ^ "ALMS: Series to Race at COTA in 2013". speedtv.com. SPEED. June 1, 2012. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "GRAND-AM: 12-Race 2013 Rolex Series Calendar Revealed". SpeedTV.com. Speed Channel. September 28, 2012. Archived from the original on September 30, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Dagys, John (September 28, 2012). "LE MANS: 2013 WEC Schedule Release". SpeedTV.com. Speed Channel. Archived from the original on June 3, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Maher, John (April 23, 2012). "Turn for turn, Austin track's design, layout should look familiar to F1 drivers". Austin-American Statesman. Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "LIST OF FIA LICENSED CIRCUITS" (PDF). FIA. February 6, 2015. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Spurgeon, Brad (November 18, 2012). "Formula One Makes Successful Return to U.S." The New York Times. Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.; The New York Times Company. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Novak, Shonda (July 27, 2010). "Future F1 site revealed". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on January 30, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Maher, John (July 27, 2010). "Red McCombs named investor in Austin Formula One project". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on January 30, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Dexheimer, Eric (August 23, 2010). "How much would Austin F1 track be worth in naming rights?". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "Texas lands MotoGP from 2013". motogp.com. Dorna Sports. April 12, 2011. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Noble, Jonathan (December 31, 2010). "Construction begins at new US GP venue". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hinkle, Josh (July 19, 2010). "Formula 1 groundbreaking date released". KXAN. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Austin F1 track set for August completion". Autosport. January 19, 2012. Retrieved November 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Work starts on Austin track". SuperSport.com. December 31, 2010. Archived from the original on January 30, 2011. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ Dexheimer, Eric (January 24, 2011). "F1 to start moving dirt soon". Austin American-Statesman. Archived from the original on October 12, 2012. Retrieved January 30, 2011.
Jump up ^ Wear, Ben (January 9, 2012). "Elroy Road to be widened, but not before first F1 race". Austin-American Statesman. Archived from the original on January 13, 2012. Retrieved January 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Charlie Whiting happy with Circuit de the Americas' progress". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. June 13, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Cooper, Adam (September 26, 2012). "Whiting Says COTA Ready For Formula One". SPEED Channel. Fox Sports. Archived from the original on September 27, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ "First lap of tarmac laid at COTA". GP Update. August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "COTA begins final paving process". GP Update. August 14, 2012. Retrieved August 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "COTA Completes Track Pavement With Success". CircuitOfTheAmericas.com. Circuit of the Americas. September 21, 2012. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Circuit of the Americas. The first lap". Circuit of the Americas. Archived from the original on May 17, 2014. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Toohey, Marty (June 23, 2011). "Austin council delays vote on whether to endorse F1". Statesman.com. American Statesman. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved June 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ Saward, Joe (June 23, 2011). "A lawsuit in America... how predictable". Joe Saward blogs about the world of F1. Joe Saward. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ Dexheimer, Eric (July 1, 2011). "Judge Rules against Formula One subsidy opponents". Austin-American Statesman. Archived from the original on July 5, 2011. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ Noble, Jonathan (November 1, 2011). "Formula 1 chiefs to discuss 2012 calendar amid concerns over some races". Autosport. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Circuit of the Americas halts construction in contract dispute". F1 Fanatic. November 15, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Texas finance chief confirms New Jersey race threatens Austin eventJames Allen on F1 – The official James Allen website on F1". Jamesallenonf1.com. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "News". The Austin Grand Prix. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Formula One to return to U.S. at U.S. Grand Prix in Texas" USA Today. Retrieved December 10, 2011.
Jump up ^ Maher, John (March 3, 2012). "F1 promoter sues other race investors". The Austin Statesman. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Noble, Jonathan (March 4, 2012). "Tavo Hellmund in legal dispute with Austin Grand Prix". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved March 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Benz, Kevin (June 9, 2012). "Austin's Grand Prix lawsuit settled: Race day drama averted". Culturemap Austin. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Maher, John (September 7, 2012). "Former MotoGP champ sues over rights to events". Austin-American Statesman. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Maher, John (September 8, 2012). "Circuit of the Americas claims Schwantz lawsuit baseless". Austin-American Statesman. Archived from the original on September 11, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MotoGP rights holder Dorna says it terminated contract with Schwantz in July". Austin-American Statesman. September 12, 2012. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Maher, John (September 13, 2012). "Schwantz fires back at COTA, Dorna". Austin-American Statesman. Archived from the original on December 10, 2015. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kevin Schwantz joins Circuit of The Americas™ as motorcycle racing ambassador". Circuit Of the Americas. March 27, 2014. Archived from the original on May 6, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kevin Schwantz, COTA reach settlement ahead of MotoGP event". Crash.net. March 28, 2014. Retrieved May 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Austin circuit layout revealed". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. September 1, 2010. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Sutton, Mark (June 20, 2011). "F1 Texan style". ESPN F1. ESPN Emea Ltd. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Collantine, Keith (November 16, 2012). "F1 drivers have positive first impression of COTA". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. Retrieved November 16, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Noble, Jonathan; Elizale, Pablo (November 15, 2012). "United States GP: Jenson Button says Austin perfect showcase for F1". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications.
Jump up ^ Collantine, Keith (November 17, 2012). "Drivers praise COTA but race prospects aren't good". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. Retrieved November 17, 2012. But fellow Australian Mark Webber was not quite as fulsome in praise, pointing out that after the first sector it became much like any other modern circuit: “It’s a pretty good track, it’s quick, especially the first sector which is quite full on, although sectors two and three are more traditional and similar to other tracks.”
^ Jump up to: a b "Formula 1 Facilities Look Fast and Fresh". EYES IN Architecture. November 17, 2012. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Scarlet cascade for observation tower". World Architecture News. November 16, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bernstein, Fred A. (November 15, 2012). "A Towering Landmark for Formula One Track". The New York Times "Wheels" Blog. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Doolittle, Dave (July 23, 2012). "Live Nation to book national touring concerts at circuit amphitheater". Austin-American Statesman. Archived from the original on July 27, 2012. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Austin360 Amphitheater at racetrack set to be Austin area's largest outdoor venue". Austin-American Statesman. March 6, 2013. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Maher, John (January 12, 2012). "Austin firm pushes to finish F1 track work". Austin-American Statesman. Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Morgan, Kendall (November 8, 2012). "Dallas artist Christopher Martin adds epic accent to Austin's Circuit of the Americas". CultureMap Dallas. Retrieved November 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "USL Announces Return to Austin in 2019". Retrieved August 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Austin pro soccer franchise will roll in 2019 in 5,000-seat COTA venue". Retrieved August 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lambert, Fred (2017-02-27). "NIO's all-electric supercar reached a top speed of 160 mph and completed record lap without any driver". Electrek. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
Jump up ^ "The Nio EP9 is not only the fastest electric car, it's the fastest self-driving car". Digital Trends. 2017-02-27. Retrieved 2017-02-28.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Circuit of the Americas.
Circuit of the Americas – Official website
United States Grand Prix at Austin – Official website
Miró Rivera Architects.
Pictures of the course
Circuit of the Americas Seating Charts
Circuit of the Americas on Google Maps (Current Formula 1 Tracks)
Circuit of the Americas circuit guide
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