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Cape Fear (1991 film)
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Cape Fear
Theatrical release poster by John Alvin
Directed by
Martin Scorsese
Produced by
Barbara De Fina
Screenplay by
Wesley Strick
Based on
Cape Fear
by James R. Webb
The Executioners
by John D. MacDonald
Starring
Robert De Niro
Nick Nolte
Jessica Lange
Joe Don Baker
Robert Mitchum
Gregory Peck
Music by
Bernard Herrmann conducted by Elmer Bernstein
Cinematography
Freddie Francis
Edited by
Thelma Schoonmaker
Production
company
Amblin Entertainment
Cappa Films
Tribeca Productions
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
November 13, 1991 (1991-11-13)
Running time
128 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$35 million
Box office
$182.3 million
Cape Fear is a 1991 American psychological thriller film directed by Martin Scorsese and a remake of the 1962 film of the same name. It stars Robert De Niro, Nick Nolte, Jessica Lange, and Juliette Lewis, and features cameos from Gregory Peck (in his final film role), Robert Mitchum, and Martin Balsam, who all appeared in the original film. The film tells the story of a convicted rapist, who, using mostly his newfound knowledge of the law and its numerous loopholes, seeks vengeance against a former public defender whom he blames for his 14-year imprisonment due to purposefully faulty defense tactics used during his trial.
Cape Fear marks the seventh collaboration between Scorsese and De Niro. The film received positive reviews and received Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for Best Actor (De Niro) and Best Supporting Actress (Lewis).
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Reception
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Awards and honors
5 In popular culture
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Sam Bowden is a lawyer in the town of New Essex, North Carolina. Max Cady is a former client whom Bowden defended 14 years earlier when he was working as a public defender in Atlanta. Cady was tried for the violent rape and battery of a young woman. Bowden, appalled by Cady's crime, buried evidence that might have lightened Cady's sentence or even secured his acquittal. After his release from prison, Cady tracks down Bowden. He studied law in prison and assumed his own defense, unsuccessfully appealing his conviction several times. Cady hints he has learned about Bowden burying the report.
Several incidents involving Cady impact the Bowden family, which consists of Bowden's wife Leigh and their teenage daughter Danielle. The family dog is poisoned. Cady lurks near their property. Bowden attempts to have Cady arrested, but police lieutenant Elgart says there is no evidence of a crime. At a bar, Cady meets Bowden's colleague Lori Davis. At her house, Cady cuffs her hands, breaks her arm, and rapes her. Lori refuses to press charges, ashamed of what happened. Bowden hires private investigator Claude Kersek to follow Cady.
Cady approaches Danielle at her school by impersonating her new drama teacher and kisses her. Bowden warns him to leave his family and him alone or suffer the consequences. Cady secretly tapes the conversation with a hidden recorder. Kersek persuades Bowden to hire three men to beat Cady, but as Bowden watches from a hiding place, Cady turns the tide on his attackers and viciously beats them. Cady uses the recording of Bowden's threat and an exaggerated display of his own injuries to file for a restraining order against Bowden. Cady's new lawyer, Lee Heller, files a complaint with the North Carolina State Bar, vowing to have Bowden disbarred.
Kersek reasons that Cady may try to enter the Bowden house during Bowden's appearance at a bar hearing out of town. They fake Bowden's departure and hide in the house, hoping that Cady will break in so that he can be shot in self-defense. Cady kills Kersek and a housekeeper before escaping. Bowden, Leigh, and Danielle discover the bodies. Horrified, they flee to their houseboat, which is docked upstate along Cape Fear. Cady follows them by tying himself to the chassis of their car. He attacks the family on the boat, beating and tying up Bowden, and prepares to rape Leigh and Danielle while making Bowden watch. Danielle sprays Cady with lighter fluid while he lights a cigar, engulfing him in flames and causing him to jump off the boat. However, Cady clings to a rope and pulls himself back on board.
As the boat is rocked by a violent thunderstorm, a badly burned Cady confronts Bowden. The storm knocks him off his feet, allowing Bowden to gain the upper hand once the women make it to shore. Bowden uses Cady's handcuffs to shackle Cady to the boat. When the boat hits a rock and is destroyed, the fight continues on shore. A raging tide carries Cady away, and he drowns. Bowden washes the blood from his hands before rejoining Leigh and Danielle.
Cast[edit]
Robert De Niro as Max Cady
Nick Nolte as Sam Bowden
Jessica Lange as Leigh Bowden
Juliette Lewis as Danielle Bowden
Joe Don Baker as Claude Kersek
Robert Mitchum as Lt. Elgart
Gregory Peck as Lee Heller
Illeana Douglas as Lori Davis
Fred Dalton Thompson as Tom Broadbent
Martin Balsam as Judge
Production[edit]
The film was adapted by Wesley Strick from the original screenplay by James R. Webb, which was an adaptation from the novel The Executioners by John D. MacDonald.
It was originally developed by Steven Spielberg, who eventually decided it was too violent and traded it to Scorsese to get back Schindler's List, which Scorsese had decided not to make. Spielberg stayed on as a producer, through his Amblin Entertainment, but chose not to be credited personally on the finished film.[2]
Despite having worked with Nolte in New York Stories (1989), Scorsese did not have him in mind to portray Sam Bowden and wanted Harrison Ford to play the part instead. Ford, however, agreed to do the film only if he was going to portray Max Cady. Nolte, who was interested in portraying Bowden, managed to convince Scorsese to cast him for the part. In addition, Drew Barrymore and Reese Witherspoon both auditioned for the part of Danielle Bowden and Spielberg reportedly wanted Bill Murray to portray Cady.[3]
Nick Nolte is taller than Robert De Niro, but for the movie, Nolte lost weight and De Niro developed muscles until De Niro appeared to be the stronger man. De Niro reportedly took his body fat down to 4%.[4] De Niro also paid a doctor $20,000 to grind down his teeth for the role to give the character a more menacing look.[5]
The work of Alfred Hitchcock was also influential on the style of Cape Fear. As with the 1962 film version, where director J. Lee Thompson specifically acknowledged Hitchcock's influence, strove to use Hitchcock's style, and had Bernard Hermann write the score, Scorsese made his version in the Hitchcock manner, especially through the use of unusual camera angles, lighting, and editing techniques. Additionally, Scorsese's version has opening credits designed by regular Hitchcock collaborator Saul Bass and the link to Hitchcock is cemented by the reuse of the original score by Herrmann, albeit reworked by Elmer Bernstein.[6]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
The film was a box office success, making $182,291,969 worldwide[7] on a $35 million budget.
Critical response[edit]
The film received generally positive reviews by critics, with praise garnered towards its performances, direction, cinematography and editing. It received a 75% "Certified Fresh" rating on the film aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 47 reviews, with an average score of 7.1 out of 10. The consensus reads, "Smart and stylish, Cape Fear is a gleefully mainstream shocker from Martin Scorsese, with a terrifying Robert De Niro performance."[8] On Metacritic, the film holds a score of 73 out of 100 based on 9 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[9] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[10]
Roger Ebert gave the film three stars, commenting: "Cape Fear is impressive moviemaking, showing Scorsese as a master of a traditional Hollywood genre who is able to mold it to his own themes and obsessions. But as I look at this $35 million movie with big stars, special effects and production values, I wonder whether it represents a good omen from the finest director now at work."[11]
Awards and honors[edit]
Award
Category
Subject
Result
Academy Awards Best Actor Robert De Niro Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Juliette Lewis Nominated
Golden Globe Awards Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Robert De Niro Nominated
Best Supporting Actress – Motion Picture Juliette Lewis Nominated
BAFTA Awards Best Cinematography Freddie Francis Nominated
Best Editing Thelma Schoonmaker Nominated
Berlin International Film Festival Golden Berlin Bear[12] Martin Scorsese Nominated
Broadcast Music, Inc. BMI Film Music Award Elmer Bernstein Won
CFCA Awards Best Director Martin Scorsese Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Juliette Lewis Nominated
Most Promising Actress Won
David di Donatello Award Best Foreign Actor Robert De Niro Nominated
Jupiter Award Best International Actor Won
Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award Best Supporting Actress Juliette Lewis Won
MTV Movie Awards Best Kiss Nominated
Robert De Niro Nominated
Best Male Performance Nominated
Best Villain Nominated
National Society of Film Critics Award Best Supporting Actress Juliette Lewis 2nd place
New York Film Critics Circle Awards Best Supporting Actress 2nd place
Best Cinematographer Freddie Francis 2nd place
In popular culture[edit]
The film was parodied in the 1993 Simpsons episode "Cape Feare", with Sideshow Bob in the role of Cady. They also pay homage to another Robert Mitchum film The Night of the Hunter in which Sideshow Bob's knuckles (scaled down for a cartoon character with one fewer finger on each hand) say "Luv" (Love) and "Hāt" (Hate, with the diacritical mark providing the long vowel).
In 1995, professional wrestler Waylon Mercy made his WWE (then WWF) debut, with his gimmick based on De Niro's portrayal of Max Cady. However, he only lasted a few months with the company due to a buildup of previous injuries, and the character was abandoned. In 2013, WWE debuted Bray Wyatt, another character partly based on De Niro's portrayal.[13]
In the Seinfeld episode "The Red Dot", as Elaine's boyfriend rampages through her office to get revenge on Jerry for making him lose his job, Elaine makes a reference to the film.
Also in the “Seinfeld” episode “The Bookstore”, in a dream after Jerry rats on Uncle Leo for shoplifting in a bookstore, Jerry has a nightmare where Uncle Leo is doing chin ups, working out in prison to get his revenge on Jerry once he finally received his release. A close up, sharing the same scary score of the movie, Uncle Leo is seen with “Jerry” & “Hello” tattooed on each hand. It’s a clear reference to Robert DeNiro’s character in Cape Fear.
In the Rick and Morty episode "Ricksy Business", Lucy (the deranged maid who tries to rape Jerry) is shown clinging to the underside chassis of their car as they drive home, maniacally shouting "Ha, I'm doing like in Cape Fear!"
See also[edit]
List of films featuring home invasions
List of 1991 box office number-one films in the United States
Night and the City, another remake also starring De Niro and Lange
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Cape Fear (18)". British Board of Film Classification. November 27, 1991. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (1991-11-10). "FILM; Martin Scorsese Ventures Back To 'Cape Fear'". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ Cormier, Roger (November 16, 2016). "15 Intense Facts About Cape Fear". Mental Floss. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
Jump up ^ "Showtimes, reviews, trailers, news and more - MSN Movies".
Jump up ^ "Stars who went too far for movie roles". Yahoo!.
Jump up ^ "Cape Fear, film score". AllMusic.
Jump up ^ "Cape Fear (1991) - Box Office Mojo". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
Jump up ^ "Cape Fear at RottenTomatoes.com". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
Jump up ^ "Cape Fear Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2016-06-11.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com.
Jump up ^ "Cape Fear at RogerEbert.com". Roger Ebert. November 13, 1991. Retrieved 2010-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Berlinale: 1992 Programme". berlinale.de. Retrieved 2011-05-22.
Jump up ^ "Critics, not fans, should bite their tongues". Slam! Wrestling. Retrieved 22 November 2013.
Further reading[edit]
Machura, Stefan and Robson, Peter, eds. Law and Film: Representing Law in Movies (Cambridge: Blackwell Publishing, 2001). Thain, Gerald J., "Cape Fear, Two Versions and Two Visions Separated by Thirty Years." ISBN 0-631-22816-0, ISBN 978-0-631-22816-5. 176 pages.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Cape Fear (1991 film)
Cape Fear on IMDb
Cape Fear at AllMovie
Cape Fear at Box Office Mojo
Cape Fear at Rotten Tomatoes
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Feature films
Who's That Knocking at My Door (1967)
Boxcar Bertha (1972)
Mean Streets (1973)
Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore (1974)
Taxi Driver (1976)
New York, New York (1977)
Raging Bull (1980)
The King of Comedy (1982)
After Hours (1985)
The Color of Money (1986)
The Last Temptation of Christ (1988)
New York Stories (segment "Life Lessons", 1989)
Goodfellas (1990)
Cape Fear (1991)
The Age of Innocence (1993)
Casino (1995)
Kundun (1997)
Bringing Out the Dead (1999)
Gangs of New York (2002)
The Aviator (2004)
The Departed (2006)
Shutter Island (2010)
Hugo (2011)
The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)
Silence (2016)
The Irishman (2019)
Short films
What's a Nice Girl Like You Doing in a Place Like This? (1963)
It's Not Just You, Murray! (1964)
The Big Shave (1967)
"Bad" (1987)
Made in Milan (1990)
The Key to Reserva (2007)
The Audition (2015)
Television
"Boardwalk Empire" (Boardwalk Empire) (2010)
Vinyl (2016)
Documentaries
Street Scenes (1970)
Italianamerican (1974)
American Boy: A Profile of Steven Prince (1978)
The Last Waltz (1978)
A Personal Journey with Martin Scorsese Through American Movies (1995)
My Voyage to Italy (1999)
The Blues: Feel Like Going Home (2003)
No Direction Home (2005)
Shine a Light (2008)
A Letter to Elia (2010)
Public Speaking (2010)
George Harrison: Living in the Material World (2011)
The 50 Year Argument (2014)
Related
Martin Scorsese and Robert De Niro
Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cape_Fear_(1991_film)&oldid=854663381"
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Leon Ware
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Leon Ware
Born
(1940-02-16)February 16, 1940
Detroit, Michigan, U.S.
Died
February 23, 2017(2017-02-23) (aged 77)
Marina del Rey, California, U.S.
Genres
R&B, soul, disco, funk, jazz
Occupation(s)
Musician, songwriter, record producer
Instruments
Vocals, piano, keyboards
Years active
1967–2017
Labels
Motown, United Artists, Fabulous, Elektra, Expansion, Stax
Associated acts
Marvin Gaye, Minnie Riperton, Quincy Jones, Maxwell
Website
http://www.leonware.com
Leon Ware (February 16, 1940 – February 23, 2017) was an American music artist, songwriter and composer. Besides a solo career as a performer, Ware was best known for producing hits for other artists including Michael Jackson, Quincy Jones, Maxwell, Minnie Riperton and Marvin Gaye, co-producing the latter's album, I Want You.
Contents
1 Biography
2 Discography
2.1 Studio albums
3 References
4 External links
4.1 Video
Biography[edit]
Leon Ware was born and raised in Detroit, Michigan. In his teens, he was a member of a vocal group, the Romeos, with Lamont Dozier and Ty Hunter (later of the Originals).[1] After a period at ABC Records he started his career as a songwriter at Motown in 1967.[1] He co-wrote along with Ivy Hunter and Steve Bowden for The Isley Brothers recording of "Got to Have You Back". In 1971, he collaborated with Ike & Tina Turner, co-writing six songs on their United Artists album, Nuff Said. The album reached the top 40 of the R&B charts and also appeared in the pop charts. Later that year, Ware began collaborating with Arthur "T-Boy" Ross, younger brother of Diana Ross. One of the songs they wrote was "I Wanna Be Where You Are" recorded by Michael Jackson for his album, Got To Be There.[2] The single reached the runner-up position of the R&B charts and peaked at 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1972. Ware's songwriting success led to a contract as an artist to United Artists, releasing his self-titled debut album.
Ware wrote for numerous artists during this period including Donny Hathaway and The Miracles. In 1974, Quincy Jones booked Ware as songwriter and performer for two songs off Jones' Body Heat album. The song, "If I Ever Lose This Heaven", hit the R&B charts in September of the year and was covered by the Average White Band. Ware worked with Minnie Riperton on Jones' album and collaborated again on Riperton's album, Adventures in Paradise album, composing Riperton's R&B hit, "Inside My Love". Ware and T-Boy Ross worked on demos for Ware's second album, this one to be issued on Motown and also for T-Boy Ross to win a deal.[2] One of the demo recordings, "I Want You", was heard by Berry Gordy, who decided the song would be a good fit for Marvin Gaye.[2] Gaye heard the other demos and decided to record much of it on what would be his next album, I Want You.[2] Buoyed by the number-one title track, the album peaked at number-one on the R&B charts and reached the top ten of the Billboard 200 selling over a million copies.
Having given away the material for his album, Ware began again on a solo effort for Motown. The result would be Ware's second album, Musical Massage. Released in September 1976, the album failed to generate similar success and was not properly promoted.[2] Ware produced the Shadows In The Street album for the group Shadow, which was released in 1981.[3] Ware continued his songwriting and producing career while also releasing solo albums between 1979 and 2008. During that period, Ware wrote for Teena Marie, Jeffrey Osborne, Loose Ends, James Ingram, Melissa Manchester, Krystol, Bobby Womack and Lulu, co-writing the latter's European hit, "Independence" in 1993. Ware helped to produce singer Maxwell's debut album, Maxwell's Urban Hang Suite, released in 1996, and considered one of the landmark albums of the neo-soul genre. At the same time of that success, Ware's earlier work became a heavy source of samples in hip-hop music.
As of 2009, Ware was recovering from treatment for prostate cancer, and credited his friend and fellow songwriter Adrienne Anderson with directing him to appropriate medical care.[4] He died in Marina del Rey, California on February 23, 2017 from complications of prostate cancer. He was 77.[5][6]
Discography[edit]
Studio albums[edit]
Year
Album
Chart positions[7]
Record label
US
US
R&B
1972 Leon Ware — — United Artists
1976 Musical Massage — — Motown
1979 Inside Is Love — 62 Fabulous
1981 Rockin' You Eternally — — Elektra
1982 Leon Ware (1982) — —
1987 Undercover — — Sling Shot Records
1995 Taste the Love — — Kitchen Records
2001 Candlelight — —
2003 Love's Drippin — —
2004 A Kiss in the Sand — —
2008 Moon Ride — — Stax
"—" denotes the album failed to chart
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Not Forgotten", Record Collector, No. 466, May 2017, p.142
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Leon Ware - Musical Massage (Motown Classic Albums re-issue) (CD liner notes). Motown Records. B0000789-02
Jump up ^ Billboard September 12, 1981 Page 79 Billboards Recommended LPs Continued from page 74
Jump up ^ Interview With Leon Ware Archived 2010-05-04 at the Wayback Machine.: "Still Riding High", published March 6, 2009; www.souljazzandfunk.com.
Jump up ^ Sandomir, Richard (March 2, 2017). "Leon Ware, Producer Who Worked With Marvin Gaye, Dies at 77". The New York Times. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Spice, Anton (1940-02-16). "Soul legend Leon Ware dies aged 77". Thevinylfactory.com. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
Jump up ^ "Leon Ware US albums chart history". allmusic.com. Retrieved 2011-05-29.
External links[edit]
At Allmusic
Artist page at Soul Walking
Deep Throat porn film soundtrack 1975 master recording including Bubbles from "Lion Warfield" aka Leon Ware of "The Lions" film soundtrack 1975.
Saffo Music produced by Leon Ware
Leon Ware 75 minute audio mix with dialogue
Brief profile of Leon Ware mentions childhood blindness and attending same school as Stevie Wonder
Leon Ware interview by Dan Dodds at Soul Jones
Leon Ware 2012 Interview at Soulinterviews.com
Video[edit]
Leon Ware RBMA video lecture session
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Death of Marvin Gaye
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Death of Marvin Gaye
Gaye in 1973
Location
West Adams, Los Angeles, California, United States
Coordinates
34°2′16″N 118°18′49″W / 34.03778°N 118.31361°W / 34.03778; -118.31361Coordinates: 34°2′16″N 118°18′49″W / 34.03778°N 118.31361°W / 34.03778; -118.31361
Date
April 1, 1984
12:38 pm (approx time) (Pacific Time Zone (UTC-8))
Target
Marvin Gaye
Weapons
.38 Special
Victim
Marvin Gaye
Perpetrator
Marvin Gaye Sr.
Marvin Gaye was an American musician who gained worldwide fame for his work with Motown Records. He was fatally shot by his father, Marvin Gay Sr., on April 1, 1984, at their house in the West Adams district of Los Angeles, California.[1][2] Gaye was shot twice following an altercation with his father after he intervened in an argument between his parents. The wounds were fatal and he was pronounced dead on arrival at the California Hospital Medical Center. Gaye's death inspired several musical tributes over the years including recollections of the incidents leading to his death. Gaye was given a burial plot at Forest Lawn Cemetery and was later cremated and his ashes spread around the Pacific Ocean.
Contents
[hide]
1 Circumstances
2 Killing
2.1 Autopsy and funeral
2.2 Court case
3 Aftermath
3.1 Reactions
3.2 Memorials and tributes
4 See also
5 References
5.1 Sources
6 Further reading
Circumstances[edit]
Marvin Gaye performing in concert during the 1980s.
Marvin Gaye had an acrimonious relationship with his father, Marvin Gay Sr., since his childhood. Marvin Sr. was a Christian minister who was a strict disciplinarian and often physically punished his children. He was also a crossdresser, which was commonly known in the family's Washington, D.C. neighborhood and made the younger Marvin a target of bullying. It was because of this, added with rumors of Marvin's own homosexuality, that Marvin added an "e" to his last name when he became famous. Gaye's father never approved of his son's career in music, and gradually grew resentful that Gaye was closer to his mother, Alberta, and had become the breadwinner for the family. Despite a brief improvement in their relationship after Gaye found success with his album What's Going On, father and son never found any lasting peace.
By 1983, Gaye had re-emerged in the public eye after being a European tax exile with the hit song, "Sexual Healing" and its album, Midnight Love. For a time, he had also achieved sobriety during his extensive stay in Belgium.[3] Returning to the United States, he embarked on his final Sexual Healing Tour in April of that year.[4] Gaye, who had a profound dislike for touring, returned to cocaine abuse to cope with the pressures of the road, and midway through the tour he developed paranoia over an alleged attempt on his life, wearing a bulletproof vest until he was on stage. In reality, there was little, if any, real danger, although while on the tour, road crew member Eric Sharpe committed suicide by hanging himself from a shower curtain rod in New Jersey.[5]
When the tour ended in August 1983, Gaye moved into his parents' residence at 2101 South Gramercy Place, a home which he bought for US$30,500 in 1973 (US$168,139 in 2017)[6] for them and several other relatives.[2][7] Gaye returned to the U.S. to nurse his mother, who was recovering from kidney surgery.[3][8] During his stay, Gaye's father was absent.[9] That October, his father returned from a business trip in Washington during which he purchased insurance on his family's previous residence.[10] Initially, Gaye's sisters Jeanne and Zeola lived in the house before Marvin Sr. returned to the property, and left shortly afterwards due to the growing conflict between father and son.[11] For the next six months, the two men struggled to keep their distance from one another. During one quarrel at the house, the elder Gay called police to have his son leave the property.[12] After staying with one of his sisters, however, Marvin returned to the property stating to a friend of his, "After all, I have just one father. I want to make peace with him."[12] Jeanne Gaye later told David Ritz that her father had told her if Marvin ever touched him, he'd "kill him".[13][14]
On Christmas Day, 1983, Marvin gave his father a Smith & Wesson .38 special pistol so that he could protect himself from intruders.[15] Friends and family members contended that the younger Marvin was often suicidal and paranoid, and by now was afraid of leaving his room and spoke of little besides suicide and death. He sometimes wore three overcoats and put his shoes on the wrong feet.[16] Four days before his death, according to his sister Jeanne, Gaye had tried to kill himself by jumping out of a speeding sports car, suffering only minor bruises.[17] Jeanne contended that "there was no doubt Marvin wanted to die" and that he "couldn't take any more."[18]
Killing[edit]
Marvin Gay Sr. at his sentencing hearing following the shooting of his son, September 1984.
In the days prior to his death, Gaye's parents had arguments mainly over a misplaced insurance policy letter.[17] The day before his death, the arguments spread to Gaye's bedroom. Angered by his father confronting his mother, Gaye commanded Marvin Sr. to leave her alone; Marvin Sr. complied without incident and there was no violence that night, but continued yelling throughout the house.
At approximately 12:30 p.m. (PST; 20:30 UTC)[19] on April 1, 1984, an impatient Marvin Sr. shouted at his wife about the document.[16] Gaye, dressed in a maroon robe, shouted back downstairs, telling his father if he had something to say, he'd better do it in person.[20] According to Alberta, when Marvin Sr. refused his son's request, Marvin warned him not to come to his room.[21] Marvin Sr., however, instead charged upstairs to the bedroom to verbally attack Alberta over the document, causing Gaye to jump out of his bed and once again order his father out of the room.[20] When ordering did not work, Gaye, enraged and despondent, reportedly shoved his father out of the room into the hallway[20] and subjected him to some severe physical violence, notably kicking and punching. Alberta later told Ritz: "Marvin hit him. I shouted for him to stop, but he paid no attention to me. He gave my husband some hard kicks."[20] Jeanne later recalled that it was understood in the family that if one of the children ever dared to strike their father that he would "murder him or her", saying her father "made it very clear" and "said so publicly on more than one occasion."[20] Gaye reportedly followed his father to the bedroom and, according to his mother, kicked him brutally.[20][21][22] Eventually, Alberta separated Gaye from his father and returned him to his bedroom.[20][21]
Minutes later, at 12:38 p.m. (PST; 20:38 UTC), Marvin Sr. entered his bedroom, returning with the .38 pistol his son had bought him, pointed the gun at Gaye and shot him directly in the heart, as Alberta later explained to police:
I was standing about eight feet away from Marvin, when my husband came to the door of the bedroom with his pistol. My husband didn't say anything, he just pointed the gun at Marvin. I screamed but it was very quick. He, my husband, shot – and Marvin screamed. I tried to run. Marvin slid down to the floor after the first shot.[21][22]
The first shot, which proved to be fatal, entered the right side of Gaye's chest, perforating his right lung, heart, diaphragm, liver, stomach and left kidney before coming to rest against his left flank.[21] Gaye's father stepped closer after the first shot and shot him a second time at point-blank range.[20][21] In a 2018 episode of the Reelz TV series Autopsy: The Last Hours of..., forensic pathologist Dr. Michael Hunter expressed his belief that Gaye was initially shot nonfatally in the left shoulder by his father while the two men were standing two feet apart while facing each other.[23] Dr. Hunter believed that this first shot "penetrated the left shoulder just below the clavicle and exited his back without causing any serious injury", the impact of which caused Gaye to fall down.[23] Hunter also believed that Gaye was then shot fatally in the chest, which "had a very damaging and odd trajectory," traveling "diagonally down through the lung, heart, diaphragm, liver, and kidney, finally embedding itself on the left side of the torso."[23] From Hunter's point of view, "the direction of the bullet's trajectory suggests Marvin was positioned toward his father, and that his father was likely to have been moving away at the time."[23]
Afraid of being shot next, Alberta screamed and ran out of the bedroom, all the while pleading in fear to her husband not to shoot her.[20] According to reports, Gaye's father hid the gun underneath his pillow. In the meantime, Gaye's brother Frankie and his sister-in-law, Irene, heard the shots as they lived in a guest house on the property. After the first shot, Frankie initially thought it sounded like a car backfired.[24] Afterwards, they heard screams from outside, rushed out, and saw Alberta running to the arms of Irene, shouting, "He's shot Marvin. He's killed my boy."[25]
Frankie ran to the house and carefully walked into the hallway to his brother's room, not knowing if Marvin Sr. still had the gun, whether he was still in the room, or if his brother was dead. After walking into Gaye's bedroom, an emotional Frankie held him as Gaye bled rapidly. According to Frankie, Gaye, barely speaking above a whisper, told him, "I got what I wanted... I couldn't do it myself, so I had him do it... it's good, I ran my race, there's no more left in me."[26] After police arrived, Irene went to Marvin Sr. in his bedroom and asked him where the gun was. After searching over his bedroom, Irene located it under his pillow. Upon exiting the house, Irene dropped the gun on the lawn. Immediately following this, Marvin Sr., who had by now taken a seat on the front porch outside the house, was arrested.[27]
The police arrived twenty minutes after the shooting. Gaye's body was taken out of the house and sent to the California Hospital Medical Center.[27] At approximately 1:01 p.m. (PST; 21:01 UTC), Gaye was pronounced dead on arrival.[27] Gaye died on the day before his 45th birthday.[27] As soon as his death was announced, several of Gaye's neighbors and onlookers paraded around the house, many in stunned shock and silence.
Autopsy and funeral[edit]
Death Certificate of Marvin Gaye
People gathering outside Marvin Gaye's house following news the singer was fatally shot, April 1, 1984.
An autopsy was conducted on Gaye's body shortly after his death. Test results showed that he had elements of cocaine and PCP (or angel dust) in his system.[28] After lawyers misread the coroner's report, Judge Ronald George determined later during preliminary hearings in the court case that PCP can often invoke violence. When told that the report had concluded only that Gaye had just cocaine traces in his system, the judge said PCP was not a major factor in his decision.[29]
During an interview with the police, Gaye's father contended that he was scared that something would happen to him and that he only meant to shoot in self-defense, stating he did not know the gun had any bullets in it, claiming he thought there were either "blanks or BBs."[29][22] When asked if he loved his son, Marvin Sr. reportedly stated in a soft voice, "Let's say I didn't dislike him."[29] Upon being told that his son had died from the shots, Marvin Sr. reportedly wept and sobbed after realizing he had killed him.[29] Marvin Sr. was held on bond afterwards. It's believed by Gaye's siblings that his death was a "premeditated suicide". Jeanne later said that upon forcing his father's hand in the murder that he had "accomplished three things. He put himself out of his misery. He brought relief to Mother by finally getting her husband out of her life. And he punished Father, by making certain that the rest of his life would be miserable... my brother knew just what he was doing."[29]
On April 5, 1984, Gaye was given a star-studded funeral at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, attended by over 10,000 mourners, including his Motown colleagues; his two ex-wives, Anna Gaye and Janis Gaye; and his siblings, mother and three children.[21][30] Smokey Robinson and Dick Gregory delivered eulogies, while Stevie Wonder performed "Lighting Up the Candles," which was later placed on Wonder's soundtrack to the film Jungle Fever, and Cecil T. "Sesil J" Jenkins sang "The Lord's Prayer".[31] At the open-casket funeral, Gaye was wearing one of his costumes from his final concert tour, a gold and white military style uniform, with an ermine wrap at his shoulders.[21][30] The funeral was presided by the Chief Apostle of Gaye's family's old church, the House of God.[30] Following the funeral, Gaye was given a burial plot. In accordance with the family's request, Gaye's body was cremated with half of his ashes spread near the Pacific Ocean by his three children and Anna Gaye.[30][32][33] Anna and their adopted son, Marvin III, then kept a small sample of the ashes for themselves.[32]
Gaye left behind no will.[34] As a result, his son Marvin III, aged 17 at the time, became co-administrator of his estate.[35] At the time of his death, he was struggling financially, as the IRS had asked for $1 million (US$2,355,541 in 2017 dollars[6]) to pay unpaid back taxes, $600,000 (US$1,413,325 in 2017 dollars[6]) to the State of California and back alimony of $300,000 (US$706,662 in 2017 dollars[6]) to Anna and Janis Gaye.[36] He was $1,900,000 (US$4,475,529 in 2017 dollars[6]) in debt at the time of his death, but royalties from Gaye's work eventually paid off those debts.
Court case[edit]
Marvin Sr. was held at the Los Angeles County Jail on a $100,000 bail (US$235,554 in 2017 dollars[6]).[29] His accounts of the shooting were printed in the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner, quoting his words: "I didn't mean to do it."[37]
During a check up at the County-USC Medical Center, a benign tumor was discovered at the base of Marvin Sr.'s brain. Doctors removed the tumor on May 17, 1984. On June 12, after reviewing a two-page report, including two psychiatric evaluations conducted by Dr. Ronald Markman, Judge Michael Pirosh ruled that Marvin Sr. was competent to stand trial.[38] He appeared in court again on June 20, where he was ordered to return on July 16 for a preliminary hearing. His estranged wife, Alberta, posted the reduced bail of $30,000 via a bondsman to secure the ex-minister's release from jail.[39] Two days earlier, she had filed for divorce, citing she officially separated from him following their son's fatal shooting on the same day.[39][40] Looking over documents, the amount of drugs in Gaye's system, and pictures of Marvin Sr.'s injuries during his final fight with his son, Judge Ronald M. George agreed to grant Marvin Sr. a plea bargain. As a result, he pleaded no contest to a voluntary manslaughter charge on September 20, 1984.[41] On November 2, 1984, Judge Gordon Ringer sentenced Marvin Sr. to a six-year suspended sentence and five years probation. During the sentencing hearing, Marvin Sr. tearfully told the court:
If I could bring him back, I would. I was afraid of him. I thought I was going to get hurt. I didn't know what was going to happen. I'm really sorry for everything that happened. I loved him. I wish he could step through this door right now. I'm paying the price now.[42][43]
Aftermath[edit]
Reactions[edit]
News stations reported on the death almost immediately after it was announced, with one of the most prominent announcements coming from CBS anchor Dan Rather.[29] Eulogies were delivered in American, Asian and European countries.[29] The New York Times ran the story in its front page the day after his death.[29]
Initial reactions to Gaye's death were shock on the part of many of his peers. Otis Williams, of the Motown group The Temptations, recalled receiving the news while touring with the Four Tops in Australia and said, "It was a very dark day that I will never forget as the day I lost a friend."[44] Former Motown staffer Janie Bradford and her husband were driving home after listening to radio all day when the announcer announced Gaye's death.[45] CBS Urban president Larkin Arnold was also reportedly stunned with the news as he had tried to get Gaye in the studio for his follow-up to Midnight Love.[45] Smokey Robinson heard the news of Gaye's death on the radio. Feeling that his "inners wouldn't accept" the news, he called Gaye's ex-wife Anna to find out whether it was true, and she confirmed it before he could ask her, leaving Robinson in shock.[46][47]
Longtime Gaye admirer and former nephew-in-law Jermaine Jackson, brother of Michael Jackson, recalled sobbing uncontrollably once he heard the news and called Barry White to confirm the story.[48] According to White, Gaye had agreed to do a series of duets with him.[48] Ray Singleton, a former spouse of Berry Gordy's, received the news from Anna on the phone. Upon the arrival of her son and Gaye's adopted son, Marvin III, Raynoma told Gaye III to go upstairs and talk to his mother, who then told him the news.[49]
VH1 listed Gaye's death as the eighth most shocking moment in rock and roll. Recollections of the death from admirers of Gaye included rapper Chuck D and Al Sharpton, who replied that the death came "like a sick, sad joke to all of us."[50] Gordy, who was overcome with emotion and grief over Gaye's death, took out full-page ads following his funeral declaring that Gaye was "the greatest of his time" and the best recording artist he ever worked with.[51] New wave band Duran Duran dedicated their hit song, "Save a Prayer," to Gaye during a live concert the day following his death.
Immediately after his death, numerous fans of Gaye stood outside the house at Gramercy Place, placed memorabilia and other items on the lawn, and held vigils there, until the next day, Gaye's birthday.[2]
Memorials and tributes[edit]
Main article: List of tributes to Marvin Gaye
Gaye was placed on the cover of Rolling Stone for the third time in a posthumous cover in its May 10, 1984 issue. The issue discussed Gaye's personal life, his music, and his contributions to Motown and popular music.
In November 1984, Diana Ross released the tribute song, "Missing You." It appeared on Ross' album, Swept Away, and later peaked at #1 on the Hot Black Singles chart and placed at #10 on the Billboard Hot 100. Later, a video of the song featured classic footage of Gaye, including footage of Gaye appearing at Ross' 1982 concert in Brussels. The following January while hosting the American Music Awards, Ross led an In Memoriam tribute to stars who died in 1984 with Gaye leading the tribute. Also in November 1984, Teena Marie released the tribute song, "My Dear Mr. Gaye" from her hit album, Starchild, the highest selling album of her career. The Commodores issued the song "Nightshift," which was dedicated to Gaye and fellow musician Jackie Wilson, who also died in 1984. The song, featured on their album of the same name, peaked at #1 on the rhythm and blues chart, reached the top ten on the Hot 100, and became a hit in other countries. Todd Rundgren's song "Lost Horizon" from his A Cappella album is said to be dedicated to Gaye. Rundgren later performed a medley of Gaye's hits during concerts and sometimes added "Lost Horizon" to the medley. In 1989, soul band Frankie Beverly & Maze produced the tribute song, "Silky Soul," taking its melody from "What's Going On." The song featured Nona Gaye in the video and later peaked at #5 on the R&B chart. At least two tribute albums of Gaye's have been released: 1995's Inner City Blues: The Music of Marvin Gaye and 1999's Marvin Is 60: A Tribute Album.
Starting in 1985, there have been annual Marvin Gaye Day celebrations in the city of Washington, D.C., Gaye's hometown. The day was officiated by then-mayor Marion Barry on the day of Gaye's 46th birthday.[52] Since then, a non-profit organization has helped to organize Marvin Gaye Day celebrations in the city.[53] In 1986, Marvin's mother Alberta founded the Marvin P. Gaye Jr. Memorial Foundation, which is dedicated to those suffering from drug abuse and alcoholism. It opened a day after she died from complications of bone cancer in May 1987.[54] In 1990, after years of petitions and letters, Gaye was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, with one of its most prominent letters written by longtime fan Eddie Murphy. Six years later, in 1996, Gaye posthumously received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2006, an old park that Gaye frequented as a teenager, the former Watts Branch Park, was renamed Marvin Gaye Park in his honor.[55] Three years later, in 2009, the 5200 block of Foote Street NE in Deanwood, Washington, D.C., was renamed Marvin Gaye Way.[56]
Since Gaye's death, fans of the singer have stood around Gaye's Walk of Fame star to pay tribute and sing songs of Gaye's in his honor during the week of April 1 through April 5 of each year. Several other fans have gathered around Gaye's final house in vigils.
See also[edit]
1980s portal
Death portal
Los Angeles portal
Marvin Gaye portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Marvin Gaye House". Retrieved June 18, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Communications, Emmis (January 1998). Dial Them For Murder. Los Angeles Magazine.
^ Jump up to: a b "Marvin Gaye – American Way Magazine". Retrieved 2009-07-08.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 318–320.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 320–325.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Community Development Project. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, p. 325.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 310–315.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, p. 321-322.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, p. 326.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 322–325.
^ Jump up to: a b Eric Levin (April 16, 1985). "Marvin Gaye Was a Prince of Soul, but One Who Knew the Torment of Drugs and Violence". People. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ebony 1985, p. 108.
Jump up ^ Jet 1985, p. 18.
Jump up ^ "The Domestic Dispute that ended the life of Marvin Gaye". trutv.com. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Ritz 1991, p. 332.
^ Jump up to: a b Ritz 1991, pp. 331–332.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 329–332.
Jump up ^ "Marvin Gaye Is Shot And Killed; Pop Singer's Father Faces Charge". New York Times. April 1, 1984. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Ritz 1991, p. 333.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "The Death of Marvin Gaye". Retrieved June 18, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Baltimore Afro-American 1984.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Autopsy: The Last Hours of Marvin Gaye." Autopsy: The Last Hours of.... Nar. Eric Meyers. Exec. Prod. Ed Taylor, Clare Hollywood, and Michael Kelpie. Reelz, 25 Feb. 2018. Television.
Jump up ^ Gaye 2003, p. 2.
Jump up ^ Gaye 2003, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Gaye 2003, p. 189-191.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Ritz 1991, p. 334.
Jump up ^ "The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye: Conclusion". TruTv.com. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Ritz 1991, p. 337.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Ritz 1991, pp. 335–336.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 239–253.
^ Jump up to: a b Gray 2010, pp. 173–174.
Jump up ^ Jet 1985, pp. 12–16.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, p. ix.
Jump up ^ Jet 1984b, p. 57.
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, p. 335.
Jump up ^ "AROUND THE NATION; Marvin Gaye's Father Tells of Fatal Shooting". The New York Times. April 8, 1984.
Jump up ^ The Montreal Gazette 1984, p. 60.
^ Jump up to: a b Ritz 1991, p. 338.
Jump up ^ Kentucky New Era 1984.
Jump up ^ "AROUND THE NATION; No-Contest Plea In Death of Marvin Gaye". The New York Times. September 21, 1984.
Jump up ^ "The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye". Retrieved June 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Glatt 2011, p. 239.
Jump up ^ Bowman, Rob (April 2006). "Marvin Gaye: The Real Thing". Marvin Gaye: the Real Thing in Performance 1964–1981: 3.
^ Jump up to: a b Celebrity Crime Stories: Marvin Gaye, TV One, 2012
Jump up ^ American Masters: What's Going On – The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye, PBS, 2008
Jump up ^ "Marvin Gaye Last Day". PBS. YouTube. Retrieved 2014-07-13.
^ Jump up to: a b Behind the Music, VH1, 1998
Jump up ^ Singleton 1990, p. 328-332.
Jump up ^ VH1's Most Shocking Moments in Rock & Roll, VH1, 1998
Jump up ^ Ritz 1991, pp. 336–337.
Jump up ^ Jet 1985, p. 56.
Jump up ^ "Home Page". Retrieved December 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Jet 1987, p. 57.
Jump up ^ "Washington Parks and People: Marvin Gaye Park". Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ ""Marvin Gaye Way" Coming to Deanwood – Housing Complex". April 1, 2009. Archived from the original on July 17, 2012. Retrieved December 7, 2012.
Sources[edit]
"Marvin Gaye killing described by mother". Baltimore Afro-American. June 16, 1984.
Collier, Aldore (April 16, 1984). "Marvin Gaye: His Tragic Death and Troubled Life". Jet.
Collier, Aldore (May 21, 1984). "Gaye's Son Is Named To Oversee His Father's Estate". Jet.
Collier, Aldore (April 8, 1985). "A Year Later: What Happened to Marvin Gaye's Family, Fortune?". Jet.
Collier, Aldore (May 25, 1987). "Marvin Gaye's Mother Dies On Eve Of Opening Drug Center She Founded As His Memorial". Jet.
Gaye, Frankie (2003). Marvin Gaye, My Brother. Backbeat Books. ISBN 0-87930-742-0.
Glatt, John (April 11, 2011). For I Have Sinned: True Stories of Clergy Who Kill. Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-42992-442-9.
Gray, D.E. (2010). The Warrior in Me. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-45005-798-1.
"Marvin Gaye Jr". Kentucky New Era. June 16, 1984.
"Marvin Gay Sr. ruled fit for trial in son's death". The Montreal Gazette. June 13, 1984.
Ritz, David (July 1985). "The Last Days of Marvin Gaye". Ebony.
Ritz, David (1991). Divided Soul: The Life of Marvin Gaye. Cambridge, Mass: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81191-X.
Further reading[edit]
Davis, Sharon (1991). Marvin Gaye: I Heard It Through the Grapevine. Croydon, Surrey: Bookmarque Ltd. ISBN 1-84018-320-9.
Dyson, Michael Eric (2004). Mercy, Mercy Me: The Art, Loves, and Demons of Marvin Gaye. New York/Philadelphia: Basic Civitas. ISBN 0-465-01769-X.
Turner, Steve (1998). Trouble Man: The Life and Death of Marvin Gaye. London: Michael Joseph. ISBN 0-7181-4112-1.
[hide]
v
t
e
Marvin Gaye
Studio
albums
The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye (1961)
That Stubborn Kinda Fellow (1962)
When I'm Alone I Cry (1964)
Hello Broadway (1964)
How Sweet It Is to Be Loved by You (1965)
A Tribute to the Great Nat "King" Cole (1965)
Moods of Marvin Gaye (1966)
In the Groove/I Heard It Through the Grapevine! (1968)
M.P.G. (1969)
That's the Way Love Is (1970)
What's Going On (1971)
Trouble Man (1972)
Let's Get It On (1973)
I Want You (1976)
Here, My Dear (1978)
In Our Lifetime (1981)
Midnight Love (1982)
Posthumous
albums
Dream of a Lifetime (1985)
Romantically Yours (1986)
Vulnerable (1997)
Duet albums
Together (with Mary Wells, 1964)
Take Two (with Kim Weston, 1966)
United (with Tammi Terrell, 1967)
You're All I Need (with Tammi Terrell, 1968)
Easy (with Tammi Terrell, 1969)
Diana & Marvin (with Diana Ross, 1973)
Compilations
Greatest Hits (1964)
Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (1967)
Marvin Gaye and His Girls (1969)
Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell's Greatest Hits (1970)
Super Hits (1970)
Anthology (1974)
Marvin Gaye's Greatest Hits (1976)
Motown Remembers Marvin Gaye: Never Before Released Masters (1986)
The Marvin Gaye Collection (1990)
The Norman Whitfield Sessions (1994)
Love Starved Heart: Rare and Unreleased (1994)
The Very Best of Marvin Gaye (1994)
The Master (1961–1984) (1995)
Marvin Gaye: The Love Songs (2000)
The Complete Duets (2001)
The Very Best of Marvin Gaye (2001)
Live albums
Marvin Gaye Recorded Live on Stage (1963)
Marvin Gaye Live! (1974)
Live at the London Palladium (1977)
Marvin Gaye at the Copa (2005)
Video albums
Greatest Hits Live (Live in Holland 1976) (2000)
Live In Montreux 1980 (2003)
The Real Thing: In Performance (1964–1981) (2006)
Live In Belgium 1981 (2006)
US/UK Top
Ten singles
"Pride and Joy"
"How Sweet It Is (To Be Loved by You)"
"I'll Be Doggone"
"Ain't That Peculiar"
"Your Precious Love"
"If I Could Build My Whole World Around You"
"Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing"
"You're All I Need to Get By"
"I Heard It Through the Grapevine"
"Too Busy Thinking About My Baby"
"That's the Way Love Is"
"Abraham, Martin and John"
"The Onion Song"
"What's Going On"
"Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology)"
"Inner City Blues (Make Me Wanna Holler)"
"Trouble Man"
"Let's Get It On"
"You Are Everything"
"Got to Give It Up"
"Sexual Healing"
Family
Marvin Gay Sr. (father)
Alberta Gay (mother)
Anna Gordy Gaye (first wife)
Denise Gordy (son's birth mother)
Nona Gaye (daughter)
Frankie Gaye (brother)
Gordon Banks (brother-in-law)
Related
topics
Discography
Songs
Albums
Songs by Marvin Gaye
Albums produced by Marvin Gaye
Songs in memory
Songs produced by Marvin Gaye
Personal life
Death
Tributes
The Marquees
Harvey Fuqua
Tammi Terrell
Leon Ware
Marvin's Room
Marvin Is 60: A Tribute Album
Book
Category
Portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Death_of_Marvin_Gaye&oldid=843344672"
Categories:
Marvin Gaye
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