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Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award
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Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award
Awarded for
Contributions through the visual arts
Country
United States
Presented by
MTV
First awarded
1984
Last awarded
2017
Website
VMA website
The Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award is presented at the MTV Video Music Awards to music performers, recognizing accomplishments in music and film.[1] The first Vanguard awards were presented in 1984 at the inaugural VMAs, and renamed in 1991 in honor of Michael Jackson. The award is also given to music video directors who have created some of the most acclaimed music videos aired by the network.[2] Awarded corporately, it is not given annually, and in certain years it was presented under the name Lifetime Achievement Award. Recent recipients of the accolade include Britney Spears, Justin Timberlake, Beyoncé, Kanye West, Rihanna, and P!nk.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 List of recipients
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
List of recipients[edit]
Year of receiving, name of the recipients, and additional notes
Year
Recipient(s)
Notes
Ref.
1984
David Bowie
The Beatles
Richard Lester
The Beatles created short films for several of their songs. Among them, A Hard Day's Night, directed by Lester. David Bowie worked with Mick Rock to shoot some of the earliest music videos in the 1970s. Bowie, the Beatles and Lester won the first passel of Vanguard Awards. [3]
[2]
1985
David Byrne
Russell Mulcahy
Kevin Godley & Lol Creme
Byrne was honored for his work with Talking Heads. Godley & Creme were acclaimed music video directors. Mulcahy was honored as the director of The Buggles' "Video Killed The Radio Star", the first video played on MTV. [4]
1986
Madonna
Zbigniew Rybczyński
Madonna achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Her videos have depicted controversial subjects such as teen pregnancy, racism, religion, sex, and violence. [5]
1987
Peter Gabriel
Julien Temple
Gabriel also won Video of the Year in the same night. [6]
1988
Michael Jackson
Presented by Peter Gabriel. Michael Jackson changed the music video from a mere promotional tool featuring musicians playing instruments and singing, to "short films" with a storyline. His video "Thriller" influenced and changed music videos into what it is like today. [7]
[8]
1989
George Michael
Presented by Madonna, honored George Michael for his music videos from Faith. [9]
1990
Janet Jackson
Her music videos from the 1980s became a catalyst for MTVs developing demographics. Her visuals included Broadway-style choreography and militant iconography, also imbuing her performances with a socially conscious message. [10]
1991
Bon Jovi & Wayne Isham
Renamed Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award from this year. [11]
1992
Guns N' Roses
The group's frontman Axl Rose finished his acceptance speech by saying "And, oh yeah, this has nothing to do with Michael Jackson. Thank you." [12]
[13]
1994
Tom Petty
The Rolling Stones
Given as Lifetime Achievement Award. [14]
1995
R.E.M.
[15]
1997
Mark Romanek
LL Cool J
LL Cool J became the first rap artist to receive this award. [16]
[17]
1998
Beastie Boys
Chuck D of Public Enemy delivered a glowing appraisal of the band before presenting them with the award. Upon receiving the award, Adam Yauch took the opportunity to speak his mind on some political issues, condemning military aggression in the Middle East. [18]
2000
Red Hot Chili Peppers
[19]
2001
U2
[20]
2003
Duran Duran
Given as Lifetime Achievement Award. [21]
2006
Hype Williams
Presented by Kanye West in honor of his work as a music video director. [22]
2011
Britney Spears
Presented by Lady Gaga, as her male alter ego Jo Calderone. The award was given after a choreographed tribute of Spears' biggest hits. She was also close to giving Gaga a kiss, a recreation of her infamous kiss with Madonna, but rejected it saying "I've done that already". [23]
[24]
2013
Justin Timberlake
Presented by Jimmy Fallon. The award was preceded by a fifteen-minute performance of his greatest hits, including a mini reunion with NSYNC. Timberlake also won Video of the Year in the same night. [25]
2014
Beyoncé
Presented by her husband Jay-Z and daughter Blue Ivy Carter after a sixteen-minute medley of her self-titled fifth studio album. [26]
2015
Kanye West
Presented by Taylor Swift. During his acceptance speech, West claimed he would run for president in 2020. [27]
2016
Rihanna
Presented by Drake after several medley performances during the ceremony. [28]
2017
Pink
Presented by Ellen DeGeneres. Initially Cher was going to hand over the prize, but she could not attend. [29]
See also[edit]
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Renner Brown, Eric (August 11, 2016). "Rihanna to receive MTV's Video Vanguard Award at VMAs". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Ehrlich, Brenna (August 15, 2013). "Justin Timberlake’s Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award". MTV News. Retrieved November 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1984". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1985". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1986". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1987". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1988". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Kyle (June 26, 2009). "Michael Jackson's Video Vanguard Award, In MJ's Top MTV Moments". MTV News. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1989". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1990". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1991". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1992". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Willman, Chris (September 11, 1992). "With 3 Awards, Van Halen Tops U2, Nirvana and Chili Peppers". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1994". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1995". MTV. Archived from the original on May 10, 2016. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1997". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ Tardio, Andres (August 29, 2015). "Kanye West Will Join These Elite Rappers As A VMA Vanguard Winner". MTV News. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 1998". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 2000". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 2001". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 2003". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 2006". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 2011". MTV. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ B. Vary, Adam (August 28, 2011). "MTV 2011 VMAs: Lady Gaga, in Drag, Cannot Stop Mugging Through Britney Spears Tribute". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 2013". MTV. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
Jump up ^ "MTV Video Music Awards 2014". MTV. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Zaru, Deena (September 6, 2015). "Kanye West declares 2020 presidential bid at VMAs". CNN. Retrieved September 6, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Drake Presents Rihanna With the Video Vanguard Award at the 2016 VMAs". Billboard. August 29, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pink Set to Receive the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award At 2017 VMAs". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
External links[edit]
Official website
[show]
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MTV Video Music Awards
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Billy Redden
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Billy Redden (born 1956) is an American actor, best known for his role as a backwoods, mountain boy in the 1972 film Deliverance. He played Lonnie, a banjo-playing teenager of the country in north Georgia, who played the noted "Dueling Banjos" with Drew Ballinger, played by Ronnie Cox. The film was critically acclaimed and received nominations for awards in several categories.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 References
4 External links
Early life[edit]
Redden was born in Rabun County, Georgia.[citation needed]
Career[edit]
At the age of 16, he was selected for a role in Deliverance from his school in Georgia by the director John Boorman to portray a banjo-playing "local" during the film's famous "dueling banjos" scene. Boorman felt that Redden's skinny frame and large head, and almond shaped eyes made him the natural choice to play the part of an "inbred from the back woods." Because Redden could not play a banjo, he wore a special shirt which allowed a real banjo player to hide behind him for the scene, which was shot with carefully chosen camera angles that would conceal the player, whose arms were slipped around Redden's waist to play the tune.[1]
After Deliverance, Redden was cast in Lamberto Bava's 1984 film Blastfighter. The film was recorded in and around Clayton and many people recall it as a mixture of Deliverance and First Blood.
Redden next appeared in Tim Burton's 2003 film Big Fish. Burton was intent on getting Redden, as he wanted him to play the role of a banjo-playing "welcomer" in the utopian town of Spectre. Burton located Redden in Clayton, Georgia, where he was part-owner of the Cookie Jar Café, and also worked as a cook and dishwasher.
In 2004, Redden made a guest appearance on Blue Collar TV, playing a car repairman named Ray in a "Redneck Dictionary" skit. He represented the word "raisin bread" (as in "Ray's inbred"). He played a banjo in the skit.
In 2009, Redden played again his usual role (The banjo man) in Ace Cruz's film Outrage: Born in Terror.
In 2012, 40 years after the release of Deliverance, Redden was interviewed in association with a documentary, The Deliverance of Rabun County (2012). It explored the feelings of people in Rabun County four decades later about the 1972 film. Redden said that though Deliverance was the best thing that happened to him, he never saw much money from the movie:
“ I'd like to have all the money I thought I'd make from this movie. I wouldn't be working at Walmart right now. And I'm struggling really hard to make ends meet.[2] ”
Noting some locals objected to the stereotypes in the movie, Redden said that the people in Rabun County were good people:
“ We're not a bad people up here, we're a loving people. Rabun County is a pretty good town. It's peaceful, not a lot of crime going on, just a real peaceful town. Everybody pretty much gets along with everybody.[2] ”
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Potempa, Philip (October 19, 2008). "Burt Reynolds and 'Deliverance' boy reunited ". The Times of Northwest Indiana.
^ Jump up to: a b Welles, Cory (August 22, 2012). "40 Years Later, Deliverance Causes Mixed Feelings in Georgia". Marketplace. American Public Media.
External links[edit]
Billy Redden on IMDb
Blake Spurney (News Editor) (October 7, 2004). "Another celebrity appearance for Rabun star (Archived 27 Dec 2004)". Archived from the original on December 27, 2004.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Billy_Redden&oldid=803578095"
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Biomass (ecology)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Apart from bacteria, the total global live biomass has been estimated as 550 or 560 billion tonnes C,[1] most of which is found in forests.[2]
Shallow aquatic environments, such as wetlands, estuaries and coral reefs, can be as productive as forests, generating similar amounts of new biomass each year on a given area.[3]
Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time. Biomass can refer to species biomass, which is the mass of one or more species, or to community biomass, which is the mass of all species in the community. It can include microorganisms, plants or animals.[4] The mass can be expressed as the average mass per unit area, or as the total mass in the community.
How biomass is measured depends on why it is being measured. Sometimes, the biomass is regarded as the natural mass of organisms in situ, just as they are. For example, in a salmon fishery, the salmon biomass might be regarded as the total wet weight the salmon would have if they were taken out of the water. In other contexts, biomass can be measured in terms of the dried organic mass, so perhaps only 30% of the actual weight might count, the rest being water. For other purposes, only biological tissues count, and teeth, bones and shells are excluded. In some applications, biomass is measured as the mass of organically bound carbon (C) that is present.
The total live biomass on Earth is about 550 - 560 billion tonnes C,[1] [5] and the total annual primary production of biomass is just over 100 billion tonnes C/yr.[6] The total live biomass of bacteria may be as much as that of plants and animals[7] or may be much less.[8] The total amount of DNA base pairs on Earth, as a possible approximation of global biodiversity, is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes.[9] In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 x 1012 tonnes of carbon.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Ecological pyramids
2 Terrestrial biomass
3 Ocean biomass
4 Bacterial biomass
5 Global biomass
6 Global rate of production
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Ecological pyramids[edit]
Main article: Ecological pyramid
An ecological pyramid.
An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation that shows, for a given ecosystem, the relationship between biomass or biological productivity and trophic levels.
A biomass pyramid shows the amount of biomass at each trophic level.
A productivity pyramid shows the production or turn-over in biomass at each trophic level.
An ecological pyramid provides a snapshot in time of an ecological community.
The bottom of the pyramid represents the primary producers (autotrophs). The primary producers take energy from the environment in the form of sunlight or inorganic chemicals and use it to create energy-rich molecules such as carbohydrates. This mechanism is called primary production. The pyramid then proceeds through the various trophic levels to the apex predators at the top.
When energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, typically only ten percent is used to build new biomass. The remaining ninety percent goes to metabolic processes or is dissipated as heat. This energy loss means that productivity pyramids are never inverted, and generally limits food chains to about six levels. However, in oceans, biomass pyramids can be wholly or partially inverted, with more biomass at higher levels.
Terrestrial biomass[edit]
Terrestrial biomass generally decreases markedly at each higher trophic level (plants, herbivores, carnivores). Examples of terrestrial producers are grasses, trees and shrubs. These have a much higher biomass than the animals that consume them, such as deer, zebras and insects. The level with the least biomass are the highest predators in the food chain, such as foxes and eagles.
In a temperate grassland, grasses and other plants are the primary producers at the bottom of the pyramid. Then come the primary consumers, such as grasshoppers, voles and bison, followed by the secondary consumers, shrews, hawks and small cats. Finally the tertiary consumers, large cats and wolves. The biomass pyramid decreases markedly at each higher level.
Ocean biomass[edit]
The marine food chain
predatory fish
↑
filter feeders
↑
predatory zooplankton
↑
zooplankton
↑
phytoplankton
See also: Marine life
Ocean or marine biomass, in a reversal of terrestrial biomass, can increase at higher trophic levels. In the ocean, the food chain typically starts with phytoplankton, and follows the course:
Phytoplankton → zooplankton → predatory zooplankton → filter feeders → predatory fish
Phytoplankton are the main primary producers at the bottom of the marine food chain. Phytoplankton use photosynthesis to convert inorganic carbon into protoplasm. They are then consumed by microscopic animals called zooplankton.
Zooplankton comprise the second level in the food chain, and includes small crustaceans, such as copepods and krill, and the larva of fish, squid, lobsters and crabs.
In turn, small zooplankton are consumed by both larger predatory zooplankters, such as krill, and by forage fish, which are small, schooling, filter-feeding fish. This makes up the third level in the food chain.
An ocean food web showing a network of food chains
The fourth trophic level consists of predatory fish, marine mammals and seabirds that consume forage fish. Examples are swordfish, seals and gannets.
Apex predators, such as orcas, which can consume seals, and shortfin mako sharks, which can consume swordfish, make up the fifth trophic level. Baleen whales can consume zooplankton and krill directly, leading to a food chain with only three or four trophic levels.
Marine environments can have inverted biomass pyramids. In particular, the biomass of consumers (copepods, krill, shrimp, forage fish) is larger than the biomass of primary producers. This happens because the ocean's primary producers are tiny phytoplankton that grow and reproduce rapidly, so a small mass can have a fast rate of primary production. In contrast, terrestrial primary producers grow and reproduce slowly.
There is an exception with cyanobacteria. Marine cyanobacteria are the smallest known photosynthetic organisms; the smallest of all, Prochlorococcus, is just 0.5 to 0.8 micrometres across.[11] Prochlorococcus is possibly the most plentiful species on Earth: a single millilitre of surface seawater may contain 100,000 cells or more. Worldwide, there are estimated to be several octillion (~1027) individuals.[12] Prochlorococcus is ubiquitous between 40°N and 40°S and dominates in the oligotrophic (nutrient poor) regions of the oceans.[13] The bacterium accounts for an estimated 20% of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere, and forms part of the base of the ocean food chain.[14]
Bacterial biomass[edit]
There are typically 50 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. The 2018 census [1] gives for bacterial biomass ≈70 billions of tonnes of carbon, equal to 15 % of the whole biomass, In a much-cited study from 1998[7] the world bacterial biomass had been mistakenly calculated to be 350 to 550 billions of tonnes of carbon, equal to between 60% and 100% of the carbon in plants. More recent studies of seafloor microbes had cast considerable doubt on that, one study in 2012[8] reduced the calculated microbial biomass on the seafloor from the original 303 billions of tonnes of C to just 4.1 billions of tonnes of C, reducing the global biomass of prokaryotes to 50 to 250 billions of tonnes of C. Further, if the average per cell biomass of prokaryotes is reduced from 86 to 14 femtograms C[8] then the global biomass of prokaryotes was reduced to 13 to 44.5 billions of tonnes of C, equal to between 2.4% and 8.1% of the carbon in plants. The mentioned current value (≈70 billions of tonnes of carbon) was published in May 2018.
Geographic location
Number of cells (×1029)
Billions of tonnes of carbon
Ocean floor
2.9[8] to 50[15]
4.1[8] to 303[7]
Open ocean
1.2[7]
1.7[7][8] to 10[7]
Terrestrial soil
2.6[7]
3.7[7][8] to 22[7]
Subsurface terrestrial
2.5 to 25[7]
3.5[7][8] to 215[7]
Global biomass[edit]
Estimates for the global biomass of species and higher level groups are not always consistent across the literature. Apart from bacteria, the total global biomass has been estimated at about 560 billion tonnes C.[5] Most of this biomass is found on land, with only 5 to 10 billion tonnes C found in the oceans.[5] On land, there is about 1,000 times more plant biomass (phytomass) than animal biomass (zoomass). About 18% of this plant biomass is eaten by the land animals.[16] However, in the ocean, the animal biomass is nearly 30 times larger than the plant biomass.[17] Most ocean plant biomass is eaten by the ocean animals.[16]
name
number of species
date of estimate
individual count
mean living mass of individual
percent biomass (dried)
total number of carbon atoms
global dry biomass in million tonnes
global wet (fresh) biomass in million tonnes
Terrestrial
Humans
1
2012[18]
7.0 billion
50 kg
(incl children)
30%
4.015 x 1036 [19]
105
350
2005
4.63 billion
62 kg
(excl children)[20]
287[20]
Cattle
1
1.3 billion[21]
400 kg
30%
156
520
Sheep and goats
2
2002
1.75 billion[22]
60 kg
30%
31.5
105
Chickens
1
24 billion
2 kg
30%
14.4
48
Ants
12,649[23]
107 - 108 billion [24]
3 x 10−6 kg
(0.003 grams)
30%
10–100
30-300
Earthworms
>7,000
1881
Darwin
1.3 x 10 6 billion [25]
3 g
30% [26]
1,140-2,280[25]
3,800-7,600[25]
Termites
>2,800
1996
445[27]
Marine
Blue whales[28]
1
Pre-whaling
340,000
40%[29]
36
2001
4,700
40%[29]
0.5
Fish
>10,000
2009
800-2,000[30]
Antarctic krill
1
1924–2004
7.8 x 1014
0.486 g
379[31]
Copepods
(a zooplankton)
13,000
10−6 - 10−9 kg
1x1037 [32]
Cyanobacteria
(a picoplankton)
?
2003
1,000[33]
Global
Prokaryotes
(bacteria)
?
2018
1 x 1031 cells[1]
≈70[1]
Humans comprise about 100 million tonnes of the Earth's dry biomass,[34] domesticated animals about 700 million tonnes, earthworms over 1,100 million tonnes,[25] and annual cereal crops about 2.3 billion tonnes.[35]
The most successful animal species, in terms of biomass, may well be Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, with a fresh biomass approaching 500 million tonnes,[31][36][37] although domestic cattle may also reach these immense figures.[citation needed] However, as a group, the small aquatic crustaceans called copepods may form the largest animal biomass on earth.[38] A 2009 paper in Science estimates, for the first time, the total world fish biomass as somewhere between 0.8 and 2.0 billion tonnes.[39][40] It has been estimated that about 1% of the global biomass is due to phytoplankton,[41] and 25% is due to fungi.[42][43]
Grasses, trees and shrubs have a much higher biomass than the animals that consume them
The total biomass of bacteria may equal that of plants.[7]
Copepods may form the largest biomass of any animal species group.[38]
Antarctic krill form one of the largest biomasses of any individual animal species.[36]
It has been claimed that fungi make up 25% of the global biomass
Global rate of production[edit]
Globally, terrestrial and oceanic habitats produce a similar amount of new biomass each year (56.4 billion tonnes C terrestrial and 48.5 billion tonnes C oceanic).
Net primary production is the rate at which new biomass is generated, mainly due to photosynthesis. Global primary production can be estimated from satellite observations. Satellites scan the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) over terrestrial habitats, and scan sea-surface chlorophyll levels over oceans. This results in 56.4 billion tonnes C/yr (53.8%), for terrestrial primary production, and 48.5 billion tonnes C/yr for oceanic primary production.[6] Thus, the total photoautotrophic primary production for the Earth is about 104.9 billion tonnes C/yr. This translates to about 426 gC/m²/yr for land production (excluding areas with permanent ice cover), and 140 gC/m²/yr for the oceans.
However, there is a much more significant difference in standing stocks—while accounting for almost half of total annual production, oceanic autotrophs account for only about 0.2% of the total biomass. Autotrophs may have the highest global proportion of biomass, but they are closely rivaled or surpassed by microbes.[44][45]
Terrestrial freshwater ecosystems generate about 1.5% of the global net primary production.[46]
Some global producers of biomass in order of productivity rates are
Producer
Biomass productivity
(gC/m²/yr)
Ref
Total area
(million km²)
Ref
Total production
(billion tonnes C/yr)
Swamps and Marshes 2,500 [3]
Tropical rainforests 2,000 [47] 8 16
Coral reefs 2,000 [3] 0.28 [48] 0.56
Algal beds 2,000 [3]
River estuaries 1,800 [3]
Temperate forests 1,250 [3] 19 24
Cultivated lands 650 [3][49] 17 11
Tundras 140 [3][49]
Open ocean 125 [3][49] 311 39
Deserts 3 [49] 50 0.15
See also[edit]
Biomass (as in bioproducts)
Natural organic matter
Productivity (ecology)
Primary nutritional groups
Standing stock
Lake Pohjalampi - a biomass manipulation study
List of harvested aquatic animals by weight
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bar-On, Yinon M.; Phillips, Rob; Milo, Ron (2018). "The biomass distribution on Earth" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578. More than one of |DOI= and |doi= specified (help)
Jump up ^ "Biomass". Archived from the original on 14 June 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Ricklefs, Robert E.; Miller, Gary Leon (2000). Ecology (4th ed.). Macmillan. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-7167-2829-0.
Jump up ^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book") (1997). Online corrected version: (2006–) "biomass".
^ Jump up to: a b c Groombridge B, Jenkins MD (2000) Global biodiversity: Earth’s living resources in the 21st century Page 11. World Conservation Monitoring Centre, World Conservation Press, Cambridge
^ Jump up to: a b Field, C.B.; Behrenfeld, M.J.; Randerson, J.T.; Falkowski, P. (1998). "Primary production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components". Science. 281 (5374): 237–240. Bibcode:1998Sci...281..237F. doi:10.1126/science.281.5374.237. PMID 9657713.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Kallmeyer J; et al. (2012). "Global distribution of microbial abundance and biomass in subseafloor sediment". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (40): 16213–6. doi:10.1073/pnas.1203849109. PMC 3479597  . PMID 22927371.
Jump up ^ Nuwer, Rachel (18 July 2015). "Counting All the DNA on Earth". The New York Times. New York: The New York Times Company. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2015-07-18.
Jump up ^ "The Biosphere: Diversity of Life". Aspen Global Change Institute. Basalt, CO. Retrieved 2015-07-19.
Jump up ^ Kettler, Gregory C.; Martiny, Adam C.; Huang, Katherine; Zucker, Jeremy; Coleman, Maureen L.; Rodrigue, Sebastien; Chen, Feng; Lapidus, Alla; et al. (December 2007). "Patterns and Implications of Gene Gain and Loss in the Evolution of Prochlorococcus". PLoS Genetics. 3 (12): e231. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030231. PMC 2151091  . PMID 18159947.
Jump up ^ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (27 September 2006). "Earth from Saturn". Astronomy Picture of the Day. NASA.
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Jump up ^ The Most Important Microbe You've Never Heard Of
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^ Jump up to: a b Hartley, Sue (2010) The 300 Million Years War: Plant Biomass v Herbivores Royal Institution Christmas Lecture.
Jump up ^ Darlington, P (1966) http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Terrestrial+Fauna "Biogeografia". Published in The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (1970-1979).
Jump up ^ US world population clock Archived 1 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Freitas, Robert A. Jr.Nanomedicine 3.1 Human Body Chemical Composition Foresight Institute, 1998
^ Jump up to: a b Walpole, S.C.; Prieto-Merino, D.; Edwards, P.; Cleland, J.; Stevens, G.; Roberts, I. (2012). "The weight of nations: an estimation of adult human biomass" (PDF). BMC Public Health. 12 (1): 439. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-439. PMC 3408371  . PMID 22709383.
Jump up ^ Cattle Today. "Breeds of Cattle at CATTLE TODAY". Cattle-today.com. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
Jump up ^ World's Rangelands Deteriorating Under Mounting Pressure Archived 11 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Earth Policy Institute 2002
Jump up ^ http://osuc.biosci.ohio-state.edu/hymenoptera/tsa.sppcount?the_taxon=Formicidae
Jump up ^ Embery, Joan and Lucaire, Ed (1983) Collection of Amazing Animal Facts.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Blakemore R. J. (2017) Darwin’s win-win for Global Worming?
Jump up ^ Lee, K.E. (1985: 33) Earthworms - their Ecology and Relationships with Soils and Land Use. Academic Press.
Jump up ^ Sum of [(biomass m^-2)*(area m^2)] from table 3 in Sanderson, M.G. 1996 Biomass of termites and their emissions of methane and carbon dioxide: A global database Global Biochemical Cycles, Vol 10:4 543-557
Jump up ^ Pershing, A.J.; Christensen, L.B.; Record, N.R.; Sherwood, G.D.; Stetson, P.B.; Humphries, Stuart (2010). Humphries, Stuart, ed. "The Impact of Whaling on the Ocean Carbon Cycle: Why Bigger Was Better". PLoS ONE. 5 (8): e12444. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...512444P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012444. PMC 2928761  . PMID 20865156. (Table 1)
^ Jump up to: a b Jelmert, A.; Oppen-Berntsen, D.O. (1996). "Whaling and Deep-Sea Biodiversity". Conservation Biology. 10 (2): 653–654. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10020653.x.
Jump up ^ Wilson RW, Millero FJ, Taylor JR, Walsh PJ, Christensen V, Jennings S and Grosell M (2009) "Contribution of Fish to the Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle" Science, 323 (5912) 359-362. (This article provides a first estimate of global fish "wet weight" biomass)
^ Jump up to: a b Atkinson, A.; Siegel, V.; Pakhomov, E.A.; Jessopp, M.J.; Loeb, V. (2009). "A re-appraisal of the total biomass and annual production of Antarctic krill" (PDF). Deep-Sea Research Part I. 56 (5): 727–740. Bibcode:2009DSRI...56..727A. doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2008.12.007.
Jump up ^ Buitenhuis, E. T.; Quéré, C. Le; Aumont, O.; Beaugrand, G.; Bunker, A.; Hirst, A.; Ikeda, T.; O'Brien, T.; Piontkovski, S.; Straile, D. (2006). "Biogeochemical fluxes through mesozooplankton". Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 20: 2003. Bibcode:2006GBioC..20.2003B. doi:10.1029/2005GB002511.
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Jump up ^ The world human population was 6.6 billion in January 2008. At an average weight of 100 pounds (30 lbs of biomass), that equals 100 million tonnes.[clarification needed]
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^ Jump up to: a b Nicol, S.; Endo, Y. (1997). Fisheries Technical Paper 367: Krill Fisheries of the World. FAO.
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^ Jump up to: a b Biology of Copepods Archived 1 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine. at Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
Jump up ^ Wilson, RW; Millero, FJ; Taylor, JR; Walsh, PJ; Christensen, V; Jennings, S; Grosell, M (2009). "Contribution of Fish to the Marine Inorganic Carbon Cycle". Science. 323 (5912): 359–362. Bibcode:2009Sci...323..359W. doi:10.1126/science.1157972. PMID 19150840.
Jump up ^ Researcher gives first-ever estimate of worldwide fish biomass and impact on climate change PhysOrg.com, 15 January 2009.
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Jump up ^ Whitman, W. B.; Coleman, D. C.; Wieb, W. J. (1998). "Prokaryotes: The unseen majority" (PDF). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 95 (12): 6578–6583. Bibcode:1998PNAS...95.6578W. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.12.6578. PMC 33863  . PMID 9618454.
Jump up ^ Groombridge, B.; Jenkins, M. (2002). World Atlas of Biodiversity: Earth's Living Resources in the 21st Century. World Conservation Monitoring Centre, United Nations Environment Programme. ISBN 0-520-23668-8. PMC 3408371  .
Jump up ^ Alexander, David E. (1 May 1999). Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. Springer. ISBN 0-412-74050-8.
Jump up ^ Ricklefs, Robert E.; Miller, Gary Leon (2000). Ecology (4th ed.). Macmillan. p. 197. ISBN 978-0-7167-2829-0.
Jump up ^ Spalding, Mark, Corinna Ravilious, and Edmund Green. 2001. World Atlas of Coral Reefs. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press and UNEP/WCMC.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Park, Chris C. (2001). The environment: principles and applications (2nd ed.). Routledge. p. 564. ISBN 978-0-415-21770-5.
Further reading[edit]
Foley, JA; Monfreda, C; Ramankutty, N and Zaks, D (2007) Our share of the planetary pie Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 104(31): 12585–12586. Download
Haberl, H; Erb, KH; Krausmann, F; Gaube, V; Bondeau, A; Plutzar, C; Gingrich, S; Lucht, W and Fischer-Kowalski, M (2007) Quantifying and mapping the human appropriation of net primary production in earth's terrestrial ecosystems Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 104(31):12942-12947. Download
Purves, William K and Orians, Gordon H (2007) Life: The Science of Biology, 8th Ed. W. H. Freeman. ISBN 978-1-4292-0877-2
External links[edit]
Look up biomass in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
The mass of all life on Earth is staggering — until you consider how much we’ve lost
Counting bacteria
Trophic levels
Biomass distributions for high trophic-level fishes in the North Atlantic, 1900–2000
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Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam
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Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam
Promotional poster
Tamil
வருத்தப்படாத வாலிபர் சங்கம்
Directed by
Ponram
Produced by
P. Madhan
Written by
Ponram
M. Rajesh (dialogues)
Starring
Sivakarthikeyan
Sathyaraj
Sri Divya
Soori
Soundararaja
Music by
D. Imman
Cinematography
Balasubramaniem
Edited by
Vivek Harshan
Production
company
Escape Artists Motion Pictures
Distributed by
Escape Artists Motion Pictures
Release date
6 September 2013 (2013-09-06)
Running time
158 minutes
Country
India
Language
Tamil
Budget
₹7.1 crore[1]
Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam (English: The Association of Carefree Youths) is a 2013 Tamil romantic comedy film directed by Ponram, a former assistant of directors M. Rajesh and S. A. Chandrasekhar.[2][3] It stars Sivakarthikeyan, Sathyaraj and Sri Divya.[4][5] The film was produced by Escape Artists Motion Pictures and has music by D. Imman. Rajesh wrote the dialogues for the film.[6] It was filmed in Padalur, Theni, Tiruchi and Chennai.[4] The film released on 6 September 2013 and received positive reviews from critics and became a box office success.[7] The film was remade in Kannada as Adyaksha with Sharan playing the lead role and in Telugu as Current Theega with Manoj Manchu.[8][9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Soundtrack
4 Release
5 Reception
6 Box office
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
The film begins with police arriving at Sivanandi's (Sathyaraj) house questioning him about killing his daughter Lathapandi (Sri Divya) because she ran away with the guy she loved. Bosepandi (Sivakarthikeyan) and Kodi (Soori) are two friends who are the leaders of a group called Varuthapadadha Valibar Sangam. One day, Bosepandi falls in love with Kalyani (Bindu Madhavi) who is a teacher at a school. Bosepandi writes a love letter for her but wants someone to go give it to her so that's when he finds Lathapandi. Lathapandi gives the letter to her teacher and tricks Bosepandi into believing many things.
Sivanandi fixes a marriage for Lathapandi but she is not willing to marry because she is very young and she wants to study further. Despite her attempts, nothing stops her marriage. Her marriage was posted on a billboard and Bosepandi and Kodi decide to stop it. They go to the police station and threaten the police that they will go to the commissioner. The police talks to Sivanandi and makes him stop the marriage. One day, Lathapandi delivers the news to Bosepandi that Kalyani is getting married. He decides to move on in life, so he arranges for a Dindigul programme to happen in his area. He sees Lathapandi in a sari and immediately falls in love with her. The same night, the police reveals to Sivanandi that the person who stopped Lathapandi's marriage was Bosepandi.
A day later he tells her about his love for her but she ignores him and says no. Bosepandi walks away listening to a sad song when a gang comes and bashes him. He later finds out that it was Sivanandi's gang who hit him. So Bosepandi and Kodi decide to steal what Sivanandi considers his 'soul' and that is his gun. Bosepandi and Kodi steal the gun and run away and cause a lot of trouble. Bosepandi then tells Lathapandi that he will return the gun if she comes to their friends marriage and so he returns the gun without anyone knowing. Lathapandi in return, goes to that marriage and takes lots of photos with Bosepandi. Her mother warns her that this is not correct and she should stop it. Sivanandi's cow falls into a well when he goes out of town so Bosepandi helps to get it out. That night he stays with Lathapandi in her house and they see Sivanandi sleepwalking. After that, they wake up in the morning and they see Sivanandi walking again. This time he is awake but Bosepandi thinks he's sleepwalking again and so he tells Sivanandi about liking his daughter. Once he finds out that he is indeed awake, he runs out of that house.
Sivanandi then makes Lathapandi promise that she will only marry the guy who Sivanandi tells her to marry and so she does promise her dad. They fix a marriage for Lathapandi but on the night before her marriage, she decides to run away with Bosepandi. When running away at night, they see Sivanandi and he tells them to run away and gives them some money so that they never come back. Sivanandi wants Bosepandi and Lathapandi to run away because he doesn't want Lathapandi to marry the guy he has chosen for her and he can't stop her marriage because he has too much respect in his village. He watches them get married and then he walks home with blood on his shirt (the blood is of a goat that he killed) and lies to everyone that he killed his daughter because of his reputation. Bosepandi and Lathapandi return though and ruin Sivanandi's plans and Bosepandi stated that he returned because his father offered him more money. The film ends with Sivanandi and Bosepandi laughing happily.
Cast[edit]
Sivakarthikeyan as Bosepandi, President of Varuthapadathe Valibar Sangam
Sathyaraj as Sivanandi, Lathapandi's father
Sri Divya as Lathapandi, Bosepandi's love interest
Soori as Kodi, Bosepandi's friend and Vice President of Varuthapadathe Valibar Sangam
Soundararaja as Pullichathanni, Sangam member
Shalu Shammu as Kodi's lover, Lathapandi's friend
Rajendran as Coolmayi, Sivanandi's enemy and Bosepandi's uncle
Sriranjini as Dhanalakshmi, Lathapandi's mother
Swaminathan as Lawyer Veerasamy, advocate of Sangam
Elango Kumaravel as constable
Yaar Kannan as Bosepandi's father
Kadhal Dhandapani as Sivanandi's sidekick
Subramaniyapuram Raja as Sivanandi's sidekick
Hello Kanthaswamy as Sivanandi's sidekick
Vinodhini Vaidyanathan as Inspector Bharathi
Joe Malloori as Inspector
Bindu Madhavi as Kalyani (Special Appearance)
Soundtrack[edit]
Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam
Soundtrack album to Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam by D. Imman
Released
2013
Genre
Feature film soundtrack
Language
Tamil
Label
Sony Music
Producer
D. Imman
D. Imman chronology
Desingu Raja
(2013)Desingu Raja2013 Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam
(2013) Ennathan Pesuvatho
(2013)Ennathan Pesuvatho2013
The soundtrack was composed by D. Imman, which is the second time he has contributed the score for a film starring Sivakarthikeyan after Manam Kothi Paravai. Sivakarthikeyan had sung a song in this film.[10] The audio was released on 14 July,[11] Actor Dhanush released the audio CD and director A. R. Murugadoss received it. Behindwoods wrote:"Made for onscreen enjoyment"[12] while Indiaglitz wrote:"Overall one for the mass and fun factor".[13]
Track list
No.
Title
Singer(s)
Length
1. "Oodha Colour Ribbon" Hariharasudan 04:42
2. "Indha Ponnungale" Jayamoorthy 04:32
3. "Paarkathe Paarkathe" Vijay Yesudas, Pooja Vaidyanath 04:35
4. "Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam" Sivakarthikeyan, Anthony Dasan 04:00
5. "Yennada Yennada" Shreya Ghoshal, Sooraj Santhosh, SuVi 04:18
6. "Indha Ponnungale (Dubstep mix)" Jayamoorthy, Tha Prophecy 03:41
Total length: 25:48
Release[edit]
On 13 July a making of song recording video of the song sung by Sivakarthikeyan was released[14] and next day a theatrical film trailer was released, by Sony Music India on their YouTube channel.[15] The film was given a "U" certificate by the Central Board[citation needed]. The film was released in 340+ screens worldwide, the widest release for Sivakarthikeyan till then.[16] The satellite rights of the film were sold to Kalaignar.[17]
Reception[edit]
Baradwaj Rangan wrote, "The film has enough silliness to qualify as mild amusement, especially in the scenes with Bosepandi and his friend Kodi (Soori) — but these gags would work just as well as a compilation clip on YouTube. The plotting is too loose to warrant a two-hour-and-forty-minute movie, with sentimental detours and meandering subplots".[18]
Behindwoods Review Board rated 2.75 out of 5 and wrote, "Charmingly mischievous Siva Karthikeyan, comical Soori and the majestic Sathyaraj make VVS a jolly good entertainer."[19]
Praising the work of the actors in the film, Indiaglitz says, "The film's biggest strength is Sathyaraj, and the climax alone is enough to show his strength. The man who has shifted gears towards character roles is doing a good job out of it. Siva again, it is a wonder to see this guy in yet another healthy fun movie."[20]
Rediff wrote, "Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam is boring and gets repetitive after a while".[21]
Sandesh of Oneindia says, " 'Varutha Padatha Valibar Sangam' is a full-ledged comedy and family entertainer. Actor Sivakarthikeyan, Sathyaraj and comedian Parota Soori are the main highlight of the movie."
According to Sify, "Ponram through VVS follows the comedy template set by his guru Rajesh and blends them with his hero Sivakarthikeyan's image. Add D Imman's peppy melodies with a rural touch and you get a mass comedy entertainer".[22]
"IBNLive has given 3 out of 5 "you are likely to enjoy it more".[23] IBTimes review verdict is "Good Entertainer, Worth a Watch".[24]
The New Indian Express wrote, "A promising work by a debutant, the film though not the best of comedies, makes for a fairly pleasant watch".[25]
Box office[edit]
Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam had the biggest opening in Sivakarthikeyan's career at the time of its release;[26] it earned approximately ₹ 4.55 crore net on the first day of its release.[27] According to Sify, the film, which released in 343 screens in Tamil Nadu, took ₹ 14.25 Cr in its first three days and had collected ₹ 31.5 Cr after 17 days at the Tamil Nadu box office.[1]
It was termed as a "BlockBuster hit" by Behindwoods. It has completed 100 days successfully in many theatres.[28]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "VVS is a blockbuster - The Economics". SIFY. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
Jump up ^ S. R. Ashok Kumar (27 July 2013). "Audio Beat: Varuthapadatha Vaalibar Sangam - Songs to lift your mood". The Hindu. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Varutha Padatha Valibar Sangam first look poster". The Times of India. 12 June 2013. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam' gets ready!". Sify. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sivakarthikeyan and Sathyraj join hands!". The Times of India. 2 April 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Imman composes for Siva Karthikeyan's next". The Times of India. 28 December 2012. Retrieved 13 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Chennai Box-Office - Sep 13 to 15". SIFY. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.bangaloremirror.com/entertainment/reviews/Movie-review-Sharan-Adyaksha/articleshow/40310678.cms
Jump up ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/telugu/movies/news/Current-Teega-is-a-Tamil-film-remake/articleshow/42641729.cms
Jump up ^ "Sivakarthikeyan's new avatar". Behindwoods. 26 June 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam audio launch on July 14". Indiaglitz. 10 July 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam Songs Review". Behindwoods. 14 July 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Varutha Padatha Valibar Sangam Music Review songs lyrics". Indiaglitz. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Varuthapadatha Vaalibar Sangam - Official Theatrical Trailer". YouTube. 14 July 2013. Retrieved 16 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Varutha Padatha Valibar Sangam Tamil Movie". IndiaGlitz. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "DEEPAVALI 2014 SPECIAL MOVIE VARUTHAPADATHA VALIBAR SANGAM IN KALAIGNAR TV CHANNEL ON 22/10/14, KALAIGNAR TV CHANNEL SPECIAL PROGRAM ON DIWALI 2014". Indreporter. 13 October 2014. Retrieved 5 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Baradwaj Rangan (7 September 2013). "Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam: Jest cause". The Hindu. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam Movie Review Sivakarthikeyan, Varutha Padadha Vaalibar Sangam". Behindwoods. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Varutha Padatha Valibar Sangam Tamil Movie Review". IndiaGlitz. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Review: Varthapadatha Valibar Sangam is boring". Rediff. 9 September 2013. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Movie Review : Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam". Sify. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "IBNLive". IBNLive. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "IBTimes". IBTimes. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Mannath, Malini (8 September 2013). "Varuthapadatha Vaalibar Sangam: Karthikeyan's splendid take". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 17 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "'Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam' opens big!". SIFY. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "IBTimes". IBTimes. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam box office collection". Behindwoods. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
External links[edit]
Varuthapadatha Valibar Sangam on IMDb
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Ross Bagley
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ross Bagley
Ross Bagley in 2012
Born
Ross Elliot Bagley
(1988-12-05) December 5, 1988 (age 28)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation
Actor
Years active
1994–2004, 2013–present
Ross Elliot Bagley (born December 5, 1988) is an American actor.
Contents
[hide]
1 Career
1.1 The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
1.2 Post Fresh Prince work
2 Other ventures
3 Personal life
4 Filmography
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Career[edit]
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air[edit]
Most popular as a child actor during the middle of the 1990s, Bagley is best known for his role as Nicholas "Nicky" Banks on the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, in which role he debuted in 1994, and acted out from September 1994 to May 1996.
Post Fresh Prince work[edit]
Bagley also portrayed Buckwheat in the 1994 feature film adaptation of The Little Rascals, and, along with his Fresh Prince costar Will Smith, appeared in the 1996 movie Independence Day.
Other ventures[edit]
In 2005, Bagley enrolled in California State University at Northridge, where he sought a degree in cinema and television arts.
Personal life[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2017)
Bagley has two younger sisters, Tiffany and Danielle, who currently live in Los Angeles, California.[1]
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1994 The Little Rascals Buckwheat
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Nicholas "Nicky" Banks TV (1994–1996)
1995 Babe Puppy (voice)
1996 Eye for an Eye Sean Kosinsky
Independence Day Dylan Dubrow
Profiler Donny TV, 1 episode
1999 Providence Eldon
The Wild Thornberrys Hutu TV, 1 episode (voice)
2004 Judging Amy Micah Benton TV, 1 episode
2015 Gnome Alone Landon
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Film or series
Awards
Outcome
Recipient(s)
Young Artist Awards:
1995 The Little Rascals Best Performance by a Youth Ensemble in a Motion Picture Won[2]
List[show]
Ross Bagley
Travis Tedford
Bug Hall
Brittany Ashton Holmes
Kevin Jamal Woods
Juliette Brewer
The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Best Performance by an Actor Under Ten in a TV Series Won[2] Ross Bagley
1996 Best Performance by an Actor Under Ten – Television Won[2]
1997 Independence Day Best Performance in a Feature Film - Actor Age Ten or Under Nominated[2]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Cast of Fresh Prince: Ross Bagley
^ Jump up to: a b c d Ross Bagley - Awards
External links[edit]
Ross Bagley on IMDb
Ross Bagley at AllMovie
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 170192759
LCCN: no2011066065
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ross_Bagley&oldid=799010235"
Categories:
1988 births
Living people
Male actors from Los Angeles
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American male television actors
20th-century American male actors
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American male voice actors
African-American male actors
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This page was last edited on 5 September 2017, at 03:17.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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