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One Tree Hill (season 9)
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One Tree Hill (season 9)
One Tree Hill Season 9 DVD cover
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
13
Release
Original network
The CW
Original release
January 11 (2012-01-11) – April 4, 2012 (2012-04-04)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 8
List of One Tree Hill episodes
The ninth and final season of One Tree Hill, an American television series created by Mark Schwahn for The WB Television Network. The series was officially renewed by The CW for a ninth season on May 17, 2011; two days later, the network announced that the ninth season would serve as the series' final season. Premiering on January 11, 2012, the series aired its 13 episodes uninterrupted.
Series leads Bethany Joy Lenz and Sophia Bush continue as full-time regulars, while James Lafferty returned as a part-time regular. Paul Johansson and Tyler Hilton both return to the show for the final season as regulars, whilst former series regulars Chad Michael Murray, Antwon Tanner, Barbara Alyn Woods, and Craig Sheffer guest star.
The season opened to 1.75 million viewers and a 0.9 Adults 18–49 rating, up 26% in viewers compared to its season eight finale. The final episode aired on April 4, 2012, concluding the series with 1.43 million viewers.
Contents
[hide]
1 Overview
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Regular
2.2 Recurring
3 Episodes
4 Production
4.1 Cast
4.2 Storylines
5 Reception
6 DVD release
7 References
Overview[edit]
The ninth and final seasons deals with the disappearance and ransom of Nathan Scott. Clay battles a drug addiction and later learns of a secret that turns his life upside down. Brooke faces a demon from her past while struggling to reconnect with her father. Dan's search for Nathan brings back old faces to Tree Hill. Haley battles with the prospect of being a single mother of two.
Cast and characters[edit]
See also: List of One Tree Hill characters
Regular[edit]
Sophia Bush as Brooke Davis (13 episodes)
James Lafferty as Nathan Scott (8 episodes)
Bethany Joy Galeotti as Haley James Scott (13 episodes)
Austin Nichols as Julian Baker (13 episodes)
Robert Buckley as Clay Evans (13 episodes)
Shantel VanSanten as Quinn James (13 episodes)
Jackson Brundage as Jamie Scott (9 episodes)
Lee Norris as Mouth McFadden (7 episodes)
Jana Kramer as Alex Dupre (2 episodes)
Lisa Goldstein as Millicent Huxtable (7 episodes)
Stephen Colletti as Chase Adams (11 episodes)
Tyler Hilton as Chris Keller (11 episodes)
Paul Johansson as Dan Scott (11 episodes)
Recurring[edit]
Michael May as Chuck Scolnik (8 episodes)
Pierce Gagnon as Logan Evans (7 episodes)
Richard Burgi as Ted Davis (6 episodes)
Antwon Tanner as Skills Taylor (5 episodes)
Chelsea Kane as Tara Richards (5 episodes)
Daphne Zuniga as Victoria Davis (5 episodes)
Devin McGee as Xavier Daniels (5 episodes)
Bradley Evans as Jerry (4 episodes)
Allison Munn as Lauren (2 episodes)
Barbara Alyn Woods as Deb Lee (2 episodes)
Kelley Davis as Mrs. Scolnik (2 episodes)
Bevin Prince as Bevin Mirskey (1 episode)
Chad Michael Murray as Lucas Scott (1 episode)
Craig Sheffer as Keith Scott (1 episode)
Cullen Moss as Junk Moretti (1 episode)
Vaughn Wilson as Fergie Thompson (1 episode)
Katherine Landry as Madison (1 episode)
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of One Tree Hill episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
175
1 "Know This, We've Noticed" Mark Schwahn Mark Schwahn January 11, 2012 (2012-01-11) 3X7201 1.72[1]
As Brooke and Julian begin to adjust to life with their new children, Haley and Nathan find themselves dealing with similar issues. Although they don't know it yet, faces from the past threaten to interrupt plans for all their futures. Meanwhile, a mysterious problem arises for Clay and Quinn. Nathan finds out Dan Scott came back into town. Chris Keller returns to run Redbedroom Records.
This episode is named after a song by An Horse.
176
2 "In the Room Where You Sleep" Joe Davola Mark Schwahn January 18, 2012 (2012-01-18) 3X7202 1.53[2]
Brooke discusses a new business venture with her father, despite her mothers wishes, as Julian stresses about his own investment in a sound studio. Quinn convinces Clay to get help, and Millie struggles to be honest with Mouth about his weight gain. Meanwhile, Chase asks Alex to move in with him as Chris Keller makes Alex an offer she may not be able to refuse to tour. Nathan volunteers to scout in Europe, leaving Dan with Haley, Jamie, and Lydia.
This episode is named after a song by Dead Man's Bones.
177
3 "Love the Way You Lie" Paul Johansson Lenn K. Rosenfeld January 25, 2012 (2012-01-25) 3X7203 1.46[3]
After Alex leaves for her tour, Chris looks to hire an intern and tries to cheer up Chase. Haley runs into trouble at Karen's Cafe when her chef quits to work for a rival cafe. Clay arouses suspicion in Quinn that he is cheating on her. Meanwhile, Millie accidentally humiliates Mouth on the air. Brooke tries to help her father secure funding for her new clothing line, and Julian gets distracted by the prospect of a potential renter for his sound stage, resulting in Julian forgetting his son, Davis, in the family car, to which the police and an ambulance have been alerted.
This episode is named after a song by Eminem and Rihanna.
178
4 "Don't You Want to Share the Guilt?" Les Butler Nikki Schiefelbein February 1, 2012 (2012-02-01) 3X7204 1.52[4]
Clay gets into trouble and Quinn gets involved; Julian deals with his guilt over leaving the baby in the car; Mouth agrees to take care of his health but continues eating when Millie is asleep. Meanwhile, a new cafe opens and the owner immediately angers Brooke and Haley.
This episode is named after a song by Kate Nash.
179
5 "The Killing Moon" Greg Prange Shaina Fewell February 8, 2012 (2012-02-08) 3X7205 1.35[5]
Nathan seems to have vanished on his way home, Haley goes searching for him and ultimately suspects Dan of having something to do with it. Tara gives Brooke a cockroach-infested flower as a "Face to face friends request", ultimately causing Brooke to destroy Tara's cafe after Tara gets personal in her attacks. Chase continues to feel guilty for sleeping with Tara behind Chris Keller's back. Chase also feels unwanted after Chuck spends all his attention on Keller and later his father, who finally comes back home. Clay checks into rehab, and Quinn spends the day babysitting Jamie & Lydia.
This episode is named after a song by Echo and the Bunnymen.
180
6 "Catastrophe and the Cure" James Lafferty Roger Grant February 15, 2012 (2012-02-15) 3X7206 1.40[6]
Dan enlists Julian to help in his search for Nathan. Mouth fills Clay in about Nathan, as Haley explains Nathan's disappearance to Jamie. Brooke gets an idea of how to bring patrons to an empty Karen's Cafe, and Chris Keller confronts Chase about Tara.
This episode is named after a song by the band Explosions in the Sky.
181
7 "Last Known Surroundings" Austin Nichols Mark Schwahn February 22, 2012 (2012-02-22) 3X7207 1.43[7]
Haley seeks help from Lucas (guest star Chad Michael Murray) as Nathan makes an escape attempt. Lucas takes Jamie and Lydia out of town to stay with him and Peyton until Haley can find Nathan and bring him home. Brooke comes face-to-face with Xavier who is up for parole. Julian uncovers evidence that assists Dan in his search for Nathan. Clay makes a connection with another patient in rehab.
Episode is named after a song by the band Explosions in the Sky.
182
8 "A Rush of Blood to the Head" Greg Prange Johnny Richardson February 29, 2012 (2012-02-29) 3X7208 1.57[8]
Haley gets a phone call that may change her life forever. Clay receives life changing news while revisiting his past. While Dan revisits his past during his search for Nathan, Deb returns. Haley goes to identify a body that is thought to be Nathan. Chase goes to extreme measures to protect Chuck.
This episode is named after a song and album by Coldplay.
183
9 "Every Breath Is a Bomb" Peter B. Kowalski Ian Biggins March 7, 2012 (2012-03-07) 3X7209 1.47[9]
Haley partners up with Dan to help search for Nathan. Brooke and Julian take new measures to protect their family. Chase faces consequences for defending Chuck. Skills helps Mouth get to a turning point. Clay reveals his past to Logan.
Episode is named after a song by the band The Blood Brothers.
184
10 "Hardcore Will Never Die, But You Will" Mark Schwahn Mark Schwahn March 14, 2012 (2012-03-14) 3X7210 1.52[10]
Dan, Julian and Chris Keller attempt to rescue Nathan. During the rescue, Nathan is saved and Dan kills most of the attackers. When they are about to escape, Dan is shot by Demetri before he himself is shot by Nathan. Brooke's conflict with Xavier escalates when he attacks her in a parking garage, she is saved by the rival cafe owner Tara, who tasers him. Clay and Quinn revisit the past.
Episode is named after an album by the band Mogwai.
185
11 "Danny Boy" Joe Davola Mike Herro & David Strauss March 21, 2012 (2012-03-21) 3X7211 1.50[11]
After successfully rescuing Nathan, Dan's life hangs in the balance. Nathan looks back on his father's life and forgives him for all he has done. Brooke's father surprises her when he comes back into town. Clay and Quinn reconnect with Logan.
Episode is named after a song by Andy Williams.
186
12 "Anyone Who Had a Heart" Sophia Bush Brian L. Ridings March 28, 2012 (2012-03-28) 3X7212 1.34[12]
As Haley prepares to present the annual Tree Hill Burning Boat Festival, Brooke uses the opportunity to process her father's betrayal, while Julian tries to breathe new life into a past idea. Mouth and Millie make a change to their morning show, and Clay and Quinn get ready for Logan's first night at the beach house. Clay proposes to Quinn and Chase is offered to buy the bar.
This episode is named after a song by Dionne Warwick and later Cilla Black.
187
13 "One Tree Hill" Mark Schwahn Mark Schwahn April 4, 2012 (2012-04-04) 3X7213 1.43[13]
In the final chapter of One Tree Hill, the tenth anniversary of Tric brings old faces and new possibilities for the Tree Hill family; Quinn adopts Logan and marries Clay, Haley introduces Jamie to her predictions with Lucas and Julian buys Brooke her childhood home. In the time-jump, the Tree Hill gang are seen at Jamie's high-school basketball game, where his jersey is seen on the wall as the "all time top scorer". Bevin makes a guest appearance who is also seen back with Skills and Millie is pregnant.
This episode is named after a song by U2 and the series title itself.
Production[edit]
We felt it would be really good for the viewers to have. It's a good show. The viewers loved it. So we thought we’d keep it going. The fans are very fervent about it, so we felt it was a great treat for them.
“
”
—Mark Pedowitz on renewing One Tree Hill.[14]
The CW officially renewed One Tree Hill for a ninth season on May 17, 2011.[15] On May 19, 2011, Dawn Ostroff confirmed that the 13 episodes for season nine will be the last for the series.[16] In the official announcement of The CW's schedule, they confirmed the series stars and the executive producers for the final season. Mark Schwahn, Joe Davola, Greg Prange, Mike Tollin, and Brian Robbins will all continue in their roles on the show.[17] Deadline reported that the final season will begin mid-season and air its 13 episodes uninterrupted, leading into the series finale.[18]
Production for the season began on July 7, 2011 at the Screen Gems Studios, Wilmington, North Carolina. While further scenes are shot in downtown Wilmington, including Wallace Park and Pure Gold Gentlemen's Club.[19] The Corning manufacturing site on North College Road is also being used as the location for some scenes based in Tree Hill's hospital, police station and TV studio.[20] A two-day shoot for some scenes in the season was also held at Kinston Regional Jetport.[21] Paul Johansson will direct at least one episode in the season.[22] At the Television Critics Association summer press tour, president of entertainment at The CW, Mark Pedowitz said "At this point it's the final 13," about the possibility of extending the season. He added, "You never want to say never," revealing that he did speak to executive producer Mark Schwahn and that they agreed that 13 episodes is the best number to close the series with.[23] One Tree Hill filmed its final scenes on November 16, 2011.[24]
The season aired Wednesdays at 8:00 pm Eastern/7:00 pm Central as a lead-in to new reality series, "Remodeled". It premiered on January 11, 2012, with an encore following immediately after.[25] There was no opening credit sequence during the final season as producers didn't want to waste time that could potentially be used for story.[26] Gavin Degraw will perform in the series finale.[26] The series's final epilogue was sports-themed.[27]
In an interview with Carina Mackenzie of Zap2it, Sophia Bush revealed she was the first person to be approached for season nine, and the first to sign on.[28] "The idea that we would do this as 13 final episode[s] and almost shoot like it a miniseries really appealed to me," she says. "On a professional level, if we had shot 22 episodes, it would be one more year we'd be shooting through pilot season and unavailable for other things." When discussing the shows series finale and she being upset about the end, she said, "On the same side of the coin, most shows don't last this long. Most shows don't make it 6 years let alone 9, so I really feel like it's all just been a gift."[29] In another interview, Bethany Joy Galeotti revealed her own reasons for returning, "It was a really tough decision, but I have a few friendships here that I wasn't ready to walk away from yet. Season 8 ended with like a booze-on-stage-8 kind of party. I was kind of like 'This can't be how we say goodbye. At least let's come back for 13 more episodes.'"[30]
Sophia Bush directed the penultimate episode of the series.[29] The CW has given more promotion for the launch of the final season than it has since the fifth season.[31] Mark Pedowitz said, "I’m a big believer in giving shows a proper sendoff. "It deserves a proper sendoff. Not many shows last nine years. Mark, his team and the cast deserve a really good sendoff. I think we did a good job for them this year."
After backlash from fans about whether Sophia Bush had asked not to work with Murray during his episode, she cleared up the matter in an interview with Zap2it:
"When I got the script and saw that Lucas was back, I called Mark, and I told him that if he wanted to write scenes where the whole gang gets together at Haley's house and talks about how they're going to find Nathan, then he should write that. I've never asked not to work with any former cast mates, and I'm certainly not going to start now, in the final season. This show is too important to me, and these characters are too important to me, and the fans are too important to me."[32]
The series finale aired on Wednesday, April 4, 2012, 8:00—10:00 p.m., as a special two-hour event. It featured interviews with the series' stars as they look back at the shows most memorable moments.[33]
Cast[edit]
Over the years the One Tree Hill cast and crew has become a small unit. It's really a small family and they have asked for a few years if I wanted to come back. [Last year I said], 'If they have one more season I will definitely do it,' and sure enough they were asked back, against all odds, so I had to comply.
“
”
—Tyler Hilton on returning to the series.[34]
Before season eight had finished filming, original cast members Bethany Joy Lenz and Sophia Bush signed on for a final season, while James Lafferty was expected to return part-time.[35] Austin Nichols, Robert Buckley, Lisa Goldstein, Jana Kramer,[35] Shantel Vansanten and Stephen Colletti are also contracted through season nine.[36] The regulars for season nine—as listed on a press release from The CW—are Sophia Bush, Bethany Joy Lenz, James Lafferty, Austin Nichols, Robert Buckley, Shantel VanSanten and Jackson Brundage.[17] Though, others later signed on. At The CW upfront presentation, the network expressed confidence that Chad Michael Murray and Hilarie Burton would return. Mark Pedowitz said, that with everyone knowing season nine will be the last, it makes it more possible for old cast members to return.[37] On July 11, 2011, it was announced that Tyler Hilton would reprise his role as Chris Keller. Ten years have passed since he was last seen. He is rumored to return to help Haley run Red Bedroom Records as Peyton is still away.[38] It was later reported that Hilton would return in the season premiere as a series regular.[39] Kristin Dos Santos revealed that Paul Johansson will be returning to the series full-time as a regular.[40]
TV Line revealed that James Lafferty will appear in half of the season.[41] Zap2it later reported that he will remain a series regular,[42] and revealed he will appear in exactly seven episodes.[43] Chelsea Kane has been cast in a recurring role as Tara, a rival café owner to Haley and Brooke.[44] Lisa Goldstein will continue on the series as a regular.[45] Jana Kramer will only appear in the first two episodes,[46] due to the actress' musical commitments.[47] Barbara Alyn Woods will be reprising her role as Deb Lee after taking a break from season six to spend time with her kids.[48] Zap2it later reported that she will return for two episodes. Describing the circumstances around her return, they said she hasn't always been the most maternal person, but will prove she can still be "mom" when the situation demands it.[49]
The CW announced on their official website that Chad Michael Murray will return as Lucas Scott for a guest appearance. Lucas returns to Tree Hill when Haley reaches out to him for help.[50][51][52] Murray later revealed he will return for one episode.[53] He will appear in the seventh episode of the season.[54] Murray revealed in an interview his reasons for returning, "The fans have loved this show and rooted for every character throughout its run. I know how important Luke's return is for our fans and wanted to give them one last ‘Lucas Scott’ moment. Luke's return is for them."[55] Former Desperate Housewives actor Richard Burgi, has been cast as Brooke's father, in a recurring role.[49] Allison Munn and Scott Holroyd will return during season nine as Miss Lauren and David Fletcher, respectively. They will return as a couple, and she will be carrying his child. Devin McGee—who portrayed Brooke's attacker and Quentin's murderer, Xavier Daniels during season six—will also return during the season.[56] James Lafferty has signed on for one extra episode, which will be the series finale.[57] Bevin Prince will return as Bevin Mirskey in the series finale.[26] Antwon Tanner will also be a part of the final episode.[58]
Mark Schwahn revealed in an interview with Zap2it that they did reach out to Hilarie Burton to return with Murray, "We would have liked to include Hilarie as well but she has a [son] now, and she has a job, and she's doing well and she just felt like her free time away from work she wanted to spend with her [son], which is a completely plausible, nice answer," he said.[32]
Storylines[edit]
Lucas needs to come back to combat some drama that is going on in Haley's life and we kind of get a little bit of an opportunity to see what we really loved in the relationship between Haley and Luke. It's just kind of a little throwback and a little visit for our fans and for our wonderful following. It's a solution to a problem.
“
”
—Chad Michael Murray on Lucas' return, in an interview with E!.[59]
Before the series was renewed, Mark Schwahn said that if they decide to air the ending for season eight that will satisfy as a series finale, he could introduce the unaired cliffhangers in the season nine premiere.[60] In regard to her contract renewal, Sophia Bush tweeted, "The writers have GREAT plans!".[35] The season will have Brooke and Haley balancing family life with running a busy Karen's Cafe, while Nathan travels more as an agent. A possible wedding may occur with Mouth and Millie, or Clay and Quinn.[17] Lucas will take Lydia to stay with him after he comes to visit.[61] The series finale will have another time jump and will see the characters lives five years in the future.[62] Zap2it said that fans of Nathan and Haley's relationship can look forward to "plenty of shared scenes between Lafferty and Bethany Joy Lenz", despite his reduced role in the season.[57] Nathan will be kidnapped during the season,[63][64] and Haley and Dan will be searching for him.[65]
According to a promotional video shown at the end of an evening of events—"An Evening with One Tree Hill"; the opening moments of the seasons first episode is narrated by Nathan. He speaks over scenes of a burning building whilst viewers also see Dan and Chris Keller seemingly plot a murder—in addition to this, opening shots include Chase in the back of a police car. Both Clay and Quinn are seen arguing alongside Brooke vandalising a rival cafe. Other scenes shown during the sequence include Julian being beaten up and Haley identifying a body in the morgue.[66] Towards the end of the season, the Burning Boat Festival will return to Tree Hill. It was last seen in the third episode of season one.[67]
Discussing the possibility of the death of one of the characters, Robert Buckley said: "The One Tree Hill family, as we know it, is going to change by season's end. The people we start the season with [are] not the same group we end it with."[68] During the season, Mouth will gain around 60 pounds. Lee Norris has said of the storyline, "He's undergone a physical transformation... but what is really going to interest the audience is why this transformation happened."[69] He also revealed he was "adamant" about handling the topic with respect, "I didn't want it to be one of the broader comedic things on the show; I wanted it to be an issue that people identify with," he said. Regarding Haley's direction for season nine, Bethany Joy Galeotti said, "Haley's trying to deal with having Dan around and deciding whether she's going to let this person back in her life and into her family's life. And Nathan is away, and that's taking a huge toll on their relationship. It's a lot about Haley finding out what her limits are."[30] Mark Schwahn has said we'll see a lot of the strength of Nathan and Haley's relationship and why they're destined to be together.[70] Regarding the friendship between Dan and Chris Keller he said, "villains understand villains." Chris Kellar will develop a "bromance" with Chase this season as they begin to spend a lot of time together as he will be working next door to TRIC.[71] James Lafferty believes this is the worst year for Nathan, but revealed that he is happy with where he left the character and the pay-off at the end is worth it.[72]
Sophia Bush revealed Tree Hill High would be seen again before the series ended. The sets for the school were re-built for the final episodes, with Bush describing walking in them as "incredibly emotional".[29] Regarding the series finale, Bush said "it's perfect".
Reception[edit]
The season premiered to 1.7 million viewers, a 0.9 Adults 18–49 rating, 1.2 in Adults 18–34 and a 1.8 rating in The CW's target of Women 18–34.[31] It gave the network its best numbers in the time-slot since Spring, 2011 and was higher than the average for season eight of the series.
Compared to the early episodes of season eight, the season declined 18% in the 18–49 demographic. However, it tied as the second-highest rated show on the network (with The Secret Circle).[73]
DVD release[edit]
The "An Evening with One Tree Hill" event in Wilmington was filmed and will be included on the DVD release.[74] Series stars Sophia Bush, Bethany Joy Lenz, Antwon Tanner and Lee Norris have done a DVD commentary for the series finale.[29] The DVD box-set is currently scheduled for release on April 10, 2012.[75][76] However, several people who pre-ordered the set received it in late March, before the finale aired, causing the finale to be leaked online including temporarily onto YouTube.
The box-set features over two hours of extra content, including five featurettes, audio commentary, unaired scenes and a gag reel. "Knowing this was to be our last year, we made sure to document it, which made for some excellent behind-the-scenes footage that we've included here, along with our last, explosive, emotional season of One Tree Hill," said Mark Schwahn.[75]
The Complete Ninth and Final Season
Set details Special features
13 episodes
555 minutes (Region 1); 555 minutes (Region 2); 555 minutes (Region 4)
3-disc set
1.78:1 aspect ratio
Languages:
English (Dolby Digital 5.1)
Subtitles:
English, Spanish French (Region 1)
Audio commentaries
"One Tree Hill" – with creator/executive producer/writer Mark Schwahn.
Deleted scenes
Episodes: "Don't You Want to Share the Guilt?", "Last Known Surroundings", "Every Breath Is a Bomb", "Danny Boy"
Gag reel
"An Evening with One Tree Hill"
"The Story of One Tree Hill"
"The Music of One Tree Hill"
"The Fans of One Tree Hill"
"Crew Cameras with Sophia"
Release dates
United States United Kingdom Australia
April 10, 2012 June 11, 2012[77] September 5, 2012[78]
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b Hidek, Jeff (January 12, 2012). ""One Tree Hill" final season premieres strong; CW president wants "proper sendoff"". StarNewsOnline. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b MacKenzie, Carina (February 15, 2012). "Chad Michael Murray returns to 'One Tree Hill': Details on Lucas' emotional reunion with Haley". Zap2it. Retrieved February 26, 2012.
Jump up ^ "THE CW ANNOUNCES ONE MIDSEASON PREMIERE AND SEVERAL FINALES, INCLUDING THE SPECIAL "ONE TREE HILL" TWO-HOUR FINALE EVENT ON WEDNESDAY, APRIL 4". The CW (official website). February 29, 2012. Archived from the original on March 3, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mullins, Jenna (August 23, 2011). "One Tree Hill's Favorite Bad Boy Is Back! Tyler Hilton Reveals Final Season Secrets". E! Online. Retrieved August 30, 2011. [dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b c Masters, Megan (April 26, 2011). "Tree Hill Exclusive: Bethany Joy Galeotti Signs On for Season 9; Lafferty Back Part-Time?". TV Line. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ "‘One Tree Hill’ Star Stephen Colletti Confirms He’d Be Back For A Ninth Season!". Hollywood Life. April 26, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (May 19, 2011). "One Tree Hill Scoop: CW Execs Confident Murray, Burton Will Return For Farewell Season". TVLine. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ MacKenzie, Carina (July 10, 2011). "'One Tree Hill' Season 9: Tyler Hilton returns as Chris Keller". Zap2It. Retrieved July 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Tree Hill Twist: Tyler Hilton Returns As [Spoiler]!". TV Line. July 14, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Dan Is Back! Paul Johansson Returning for Final Season of One Tree Hill". E! Online. July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 18, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (July 19, 2011). "Ask Ausiello: Spoilers on Private Practice, NCIS, True Blood, Parenthood, Tree Hill, and More!". TV Line. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ MacKenzie, Carina (July 19, 2011). "'One Tree Hill': James Lafferty's reduced role in Season 9". Zap2it. Retrieved July 20, 2011.
Jump up ^ MacKenzie, Carina (August 29, 2011). "'One Tree Hill': Chad Michael Murray returns for Season 9". Zap2it. Retrieved September 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hibberd, James (July 26, 2011). "Chelsea Kane to guest on 'One Tree Hill' -- EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ayres, Tom (August 20, 2011). "'One Tree Hill' casts hit man for final season". Digital Spy. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ Hiser, Lisa (October 5, 2011). "EXCLUSIVE: Jana Kramer Will Only Appear in 2 Episodes of "One Tree Hill's" Final Season (Video)". Cambio. Retrieved October 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ Thrap, Sharon. "One Tree Hill' News: Jana Kramer Won't Appear Much Next Season". Ology. Ology. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Mullins, Jenna (August 29, 2011). "The Prodigal Son Returns! Chad Michael Murray Is Coming Back to One Tree Hill". E! Online. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b MacKenzie, Carina (September 23, 2011). "'One Tree Hill': Richard Burgi to play Brooke's father, Barbara Alyn Woods returns". Zap2it. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "CHAD MICHAEL MURRAY RETURNS TO "ONE TREE HILL"". The CW (official website). August 29, 2011. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (August 29, 2011). "One Tree Hill Scoop: Chad Michael Murray Returns! What About Hilarie Burton?". TV Line. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gorman, Bill (August 29, 2011). "Chad Michael Murray Returns To "One Tree Hill"". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on September 12, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ MacKenzie, Carina (August 31, 2011). "Chad Michael Murray back on 'One Tree Hill': But what else has he been up to?". Zap2it. Retrieved August 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Dos Santos, Kristin (September 12, 2011). "Spoiler Chat: Get Scoop on Grey's Anatomy, Glee, Nikita and More!". E! Online. Retrieved September 13, 2011. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "CHAD MICHAEL MURRAY TALKS 'OTH' RETURN". Retrieved 21 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Masters, Megan (September 23, 2011). "One Tree Hill Exclusive: Three More Familiar Faces Return In Season 9!". TV Line. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b MacKenzie, Carina (October 24, 2011). "'One Tree Hill' Season 9 exclusive: James Lafferty returns for series finale". Zap2it. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ ""Skills" Returning to One Tree Hill for Final Episode". TV GUIDE. TV GUIDE. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Santos, Kristin (November 14, 2011). "Spoiler Chat: Glee, Revenge, Gossip Girl, Once Upon a Time and More!". E! Online. Retrieved November 15, 2011. [dead link]
Jump up ^ MacKenzie, Carina (April 20, 2011). "'One Tree Hill': Season 8 finale ending remains undecided, says EP". Zap2it. Retrieved June 13, 2011.
Jump up ^ Dos Santos, Kristin (September 12, 2011). "Spoiler Chat: Get Scoop on Grey's Anatomy, Glee, Nikita and More!". E! Online. Archived from the original on January 22, 2013. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ MacKenzie, Carina (October 13, 2011). "'One Tree Hill' Season 9 scoop: Where will your fave characters be five years from now?". Zap2it. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (October 24, 2011). "Ask Ausiello: Spoilers on Grey's Anatomy, HIMYM, Community, Gossip Girl, Glee and More!". TV Line. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Masters, Megan (October 24, 2011). "James Lafferty Will Be a Part of Tree Hill Finale". TV Line. Retrieved November 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ Dos Santos, Kristin (November 7, 2011). "Spoiler Chat: Scoop on Glee, Revenge, Once Upon a Time, Gossip Girl and More!". E! Online. Retrieved November 8, 2011. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "One Tree Hill season 9 sneak peek: Body bags, beat downs and burning buildings". Jeff Hidek. Star News Online. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Hidek, Jeff (October 28, 2011). "Burning Boat Festival returns to "One Tree Hill"". StarNewsOnline. Retrieved November 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Adam Bryant, Natalie Abrams (January 3, 2012). "Mega Buzz: One Tree Hill's Goodbye, a New Five-0 Villain and Housewives' Murder". TV Guide. Retrieved January 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ Ross, Robyn (January 5, 2012). "Which One Tree Hill Character Gets Fat for the Final Season?". TV Guide. Retrieved January 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Masters, Megan (January 11, 2012). "One Tree Hill Boss Talks Season 9 Duos: 'Naley,' 'Brulian' and… 'Deller'? (Dan and Chris Keller!)". TV Line. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ MacKenzie, Carina (January 8, 2012). "'One Tree Hill' exclusive pic: Tyler Hilton revives Chris Keller". Zap2it. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ MacKenzie, Carina (January 11, 2012). "James Lafferty says goodbye to 'One Tree Hill': 'It's by far Nathan's worst year'". Zap2it. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "One Tree Hill: 2011-12 TV Season Ratings". TV Series Finale. February 2, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hidek, Jeff (October 14, 2011). "An Evening with One Tree Hill event sells out in five minutes". StarNewsOnline. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Lambert, David (January 30, 2012). "One Tree Hill - Warner Home Video's Formal Press Release for 'The Complete 9th and Final Season'". TV Shows on DVD. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
Jump up ^ "One Tree Hill - The Complete 9th Season". TVShowsOnDVD. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
Jump up ^ "UK DVD release date (Amazon)".
Jump up ^ "One Tree Hill - The Complete 9th Season". ezydvd.com. Retrieved February 25, 2012.
[hide]
v
t
e
One Tree Hill
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Season 4
Season 5
Season 6
Season 7
Season 8
Season 9
Characters
Original
Lucas Scott
Nathan Scott
Peyton Sawyer
Haley James Scott
Dan Scott
Brooke Davis
Whitey Durham
Keith Scott
Karen Roe
Deb Lee
Mouth McFadden
Skills Taylor
Rachel Gatina
Secondary
Jamie Scott
Millicent Huxtable
Julian Baker
Clay Evans
Quinn James
Alex Dupre
Chase Adams
Chris Keller
Recurring
Jake Jagielski
Tim Smith
Bevin Mirskey
Andy Hargrove
Lindsey Strauss
Victoria Davis
Mia Catalano
Quentin Fields
Nanny Carrie
Sam Walker
Episodes
"Pilot"
"With Tired Eyes, Tired Minds, Tired Souls, We Slept"
"4 Years, 6 Months, 2 Days"
"Hundred"
"Remember Me as a Time of Day"
"Almost Everything I Wish I'd Said the Last Time I Saw You"
"Darkness on the Edge of Town"
"This is My House, This is My Home"
"Last Known Surroundings"
"Danny Boy"
"One Tree Hill"
Related
Official soundtracks
"I Don't Want to Be"
Tree Hill, North Carolina
Clothes Over Bro's
Red Bedroom Records
Created by: Mark Schwahn
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text:
Drive-in theater
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
A drive-in with an inflatable movie screen in Brussels, Belgium
Bass Hill Drive-In Cinema, Sydney, Australia
A drive-in theater or drive-in cinema is a form of cinema structure consisting of a large outdoor movie screen, a projection booth, a concession stand and a large parking area for automobiles. Within this enclosed area, customers can view movies from the privacy and comfort of their cars. Some drive-ins have small playgrounds for children and a few picnic tables or benches.
The screen can be as simple as a wall that is painted white, or it can be a steel truss structure with a complex finish. Originally, a movie's sound was provided by speakers on the screen and later by an individual speaker hung from the window of each car, which would be attached by a wire. This system was superseded by the more economical and less damage-prone method of broadcasting the soundtrack at a low output power on AM or FM radio to be picked up by a car radio. This method also allows the soundtrack to be picked up in stereo by the audience on an often high-fidelity stereo installed in the car instead of through a simple speaker.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Peak
3 Decline
4 Revival
5 Digital conversion
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
History[edit]
A partial drive-in theater – Theatre de Guadalupe – was opened in Las Cruces, New Mexico, on April 23, 1915:
Seven hundred people may be comfortably seated in the auditorium. Automobile entrances and places for 40 or more cars within the theater grounds and in-line position to see the pictures and witness all performances on the stage is a feature of the place that will please car owners.[1]
The first movie shown by the Theatre de Guadalupe was Bags of Gold, produced by Siegmund Lubin. Theatre de Guadalupe soon was renamed De Lux Theater before closing in July 1916.[2]
First drive-in theater, Camden, New Jersey, 1933
In 1921, a drive-in was opened by Claude V. Caver in Comanche, Texas. Caver obtained a permit from the city to project films downtown. With cars parked bumper-to-bumper, patrons witnessed the screening of silent films from their vehicles.[3] In the 1920s, "outdoor movies" became a popular summer entertainment, but relatively few "drive-in" experiments were made due to logistical difficulties.
The drive-in theater was patented in Camden, New Jersey by chemical company magnate Richard M. Hollingshead, Jr.,[4] whose family owned and operated the R.M. Hollingshead Corporation chemical plant in Camden. In 1932, Hollingshead conducted outdoor theater tests in his driveway at 212 Thomas Avenue in Riverton. After nailing a screen to trees in his backyard, he set a 1928 Kodak projector on the hood of his car and put a radio behind the screen, testing different sound levels with his car windows down and up. Blocks under vehicles in the driveway enabled him to determine the size and spacing of ramps so all automobiles could have a clear view of the screen. Hollingshead applied for a patent of his invention on August 6, 1932, and he was given U.S. Patent 1,909,537 on May 16, 1933.[5]
Hollingshead's drive-in opened in New Jersey June 6, 1933, on Admiral Wilson Boulevard in Pennsauken Township,[6] a short distance from Cooper River Park. Rosemont Avenue now runs through the prior location.[7][8] It offered 400 slots[8] and a 40 by 50 ft (12 by 15 m) screen.[9][10] He advertised his drive-in theater with the slogan, "The whole family is welcome, regardless of how noisy the children are."[11] The first film shown was the Adolphe Menjou film Wife Beware.[9][12][13] Failing to make a profit, Hollingshead sold the theater after three years to a Union, New Jersey theater owner who moved the infrastructure to that city, but the concept caught on nationwide.[14]
The April 15, 1934, opening of Shankweiler's Auto Park in Orefield, Pennsylvania, was followed by Galveston's Drive-In Short Reel Theater (July 5, 1934), the Pico Drive-In Theater at Pico and Westwood boulevards in Los Angeles[15] (September 9, 1934) and the Weymouth Drive-In Theatre in Weymouth, Massachusetts (May 6, 1936). In 1937, three more opened in Ohio, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, with another 12 during 1938 and 1939 in California, Florida, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New York, Texas and Virginia.
Early drive-in theaters had to deal with sound issues. The original Hollingshead drive-in had speakers installed on the tower itself which caused a sound delay affecting patrons at the rear of the drive-in's field. In 1935, the Pico Drive-in Theater attempted to solve this problem by having a row of speakers in front of the cars.[16] In 1941, RCA introduced in-car speakers with individual volume controls which solved the noise pollution issue and provided satisfactory sound to drive-in patrons.[17] Just prior to World War II, 9 of the 15 drive-in movie theaters open in the United States were operated by Philip Smith who promoted a family friendly environment by allowing children to enter free and built playgrounds.[18]
Peak[edit]
Classic googie architecture at this Ohio drive-in
The Sandell Theater (2000 photograph) off Texas State Highway 70, was a reminder of by-gone days, having closed in 1984. The theater reopened in 2002 in Clarendon, Texas.
The drive-in's peak popularity came in the late 1950s and early 1960s, particularly in rural areas, with some 4,000 drive-ins spread across the United States.[15] Among its advantages was the fact that a family with a baby could take care of their child while watching a movie, while teenagers with access to autos found drive-ins ideal for dates. Revenue is more limited than regular theaters since showings can only begin at twilight. There were abortive attempts to create suitable conditions for daylight viewing such as large tent structures, but nothing viable was developed.
During the 1950s, the greater privacy afforded to patrons gave drive-ins a reputation as immoral, and they were labeled "passion pits" in the media. Beginning in the 1970s, many drive-ins changed from family fare to exploitation films, as a way to offset declining patronage and revenue. Also, during the 1970s, some drive-ins began to show pornographic movies in less family-centered time slots to bring in extra income.[citation needed] This allowed censored materials to be viewed by a wide audience, some for whom viewing was still illegal in many states, and it was reliant upon the whims of local ordinances controlling such material. It also required a relatively remote location distant from populated areas such as towns and cities.
A snack bar ad shown at a drive-in
During their height, some drive-ins used attention-grabbing gimmicks to boost attendance. They ranged from drawings for prizes and free admission, small airplane runways,[19] unusual attractions such as a small petting zoo or cage of monkeys, personal appearances by actors to open their movies, or musical groups to play before the show. Some drive-ins held Sunday religious services, or charged a flat price per car on slow nights like Wednesdays or Sundays. On "buck" nights during the 1950s and 1960s, the admission price was one dollar per car.
One of the largest drive-in theaters was the Johnny All-Weather Drive-In in Copiague, New York. Covering over 29 acres, it could park 2,500 vehicles. It had a full-service restaurant with seating on the roof, and a trolley system to take children and adults to a playground and a large indoor theater for bad weather or for those who wanted to watch in air-conditioned comfort.[20]
Decline[edit]
Hollywood Drive-in located in Averill Park, New York; closing credits roll for Aliens in the Attic, 2009
The shift in content of drive-ins was less of a problem than competition from home entertainment, from color television to VCRs and video rentals. This, along with the 1970s energy crisis led to a sharp decline of attendance as well to the widespread adoption of daylight saving time (which made the shows start an hour later), making it harder for drive-ins to operate successfully. Also, the 1980s real estate interest rate hikes made the large property areas increasingly expensive, and thus far too valuable for businesses such as drive-ins, which in many cases were summer-only. Drive-ins were also subject to the whim of nature as inclement weather often caused poor attendance or cancellations. Less than two hundred drive-ins were in operation in the U.S. and Canada by the late 1980s. Since the 1990s they have lapsed into a quasi-novelty status with the remaining handful catering to a generally nostalgic audience, with many drive-ins continuing to successfully operate in some areas, mostly on the West Coast. Newer theaters opened during this time, as well as a handful of them reopened. By 2013, drive-ins comprised only 1.5 percent of movie screens in the United States, with 389 theaters in operation. At the industry's height, about 25 percent of the nation's movie screens had been in a drive-in.[15]
Many drive-in movie sites remain, but re-purposed as storage or flea market sites, often after residential housing or other higher value uses came to the lightly populated or unpopulated areas where the drive-ins were located. The largest drive-in theater in the world, the Fort Lauderdale Swap Shop, doubles as the world's largest daily flea market. Former drive-in properties in Michigan, for example, have become industrial parks, shopping centers, indoor theaters, and even churches (as with the Former Woodland Drive-In in Grand Rapids, MI). In Philadelphia, the South City Drive In became the location of the original Spectrum in the late 1960s, with a small portion of its old property line extending into what would become the (now demolished) Veterans Stadium complex. Another example of a drive in-turned-flea market is Spotlight 88 in North Sewickley Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, which ended business as a drive-in after an F3 tornado destroyed much of the property on May 31, 1985. As a joke after the tornado hit, the owners put up in the "now-showing" sign Gone with the Wind. It was most likely copied from a Taylor, Michigan Drive in called Ecorse Drive-In. On July 16, 1980, a freak derecho storm with 150 mph straight line winds [21] swept the Drive-In away leaving only the "now-showing" sign with the letters "Now Playing Gone with the Wind". They rebuilt the screen, but it never recovered; by 1989, it was sold and now is a Kroger grocery store.
Revival[edit]
A newly built drive-in screen near Superior, Iowa, 2009
Stars & Stripes Drive-in at 5101 Highway 84 West in Lubbock, Texas, 2010
The resurgence of the industry of the late 1990s led to the inception of the "do-it-yourself" drive-in beginning in 2001, which utilized contemporary tools such as LCD projectors and micro-radio transmitters. The first was the Liberation Drive-In in Oakland, California, which sought to reclaim under-utilized urban spaces such as vacant parking lots in the downtown area. The following years have seen the rise of the "guerrilla drive-in" movement, in which groups of dedicated individuals orchestrate similar outdoor film and video screenings. Showings are often organized online, and participants meet at specified locations to watch films projected on bridge pillars or warehouses. The content featured at these screenings has frequently been independent or experimental films, cult movies, or otherwise alternative programming. The best known "guerrilla" drive-ins include the Santa Cruz Guerilla Drive-In in Santa Cruz, California, North Bay Mobile Drive-In in Novato, California, MobMov in San Francisco, California and Hollywood, and most recently Guerilla Drive-In Victoria in Victoria, British Columbia.
Faced with the closure of Hull's Drive In in Lexington, Virginia in 1999, the non-profit group Hull's Angels formed to raise funds, buy the property and operate the theater as a non-profit venture specializing in family-friendly films. Hull's continues to be the nation's only non-profit drive in.[22]
As of March 2014[update], a figure of 348 drive-ins has been published for the United States.[23] In the Fall of 2014, the burger chain Johnny Rockets announced that it would team up with USA Drive-Ins to open 200 drive-ins by 2018 serving Johnny Rocket's food at the concession stands.[24]
Digital conversion[edit]
The ongoing conversion of the film distribution network to be exclusively digital distribution is also putting additional pressure on drive-in theaters. Most small drive-ins lack the finances (beginning at $70,000 per screen) needed to convert to digital projection.[15] The lack of multiple screens with many daily showings means the low volume of ticket sales will make it hard for many drive-ins to justify the cost of installing digital projection.
Conversion of the projection booth to digital is more complex for drive-in theaters. The projector needs a more powerful bulb due to an increased screen size and light pollution. In addition, digital projection equipment may require an Internet connection, and the booth must be retrofitted with special glass, more vents and stronger air conditioning as well as heat in northern climates.[15]
With installation of Jumbotrons[25] or similar digital display equipment in drive-in theatres, restrictions of the projector booth can be avoided; that is, no projector is needed.
See also[edit]
Companies portal
Film portal
List of drive-in theaters
Outdoor cinema
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "A New Comer To Las Cruces". The Rio Grande Republican. 16 April 1915. p. 1. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Thomas, David G. (2015). Screen With A Voice - A History of Moving Pictures in Las Cruces, New Mexico. Doc45 Publications. pp. 43–44,168.
Jump up ^ "Claude Caver Dies at Home." Dallas Morning News, 20 February 1959., p. 5.
Jump up ^ "The "Drive-in" Movie" (PDF). Electronics. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. 6 (8): 209. August 1933. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ The History of Drive-In Theaters
Jump up ^ http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2015/06/82_years_ago_first_drive-in_theatre_opened_in_nj.html#incart_river
Jump up ^ Strauss, Robert (July 23, 2004). "The Drive-In Theater Tries a Comeback; Looking for a Few Hundred Adventurous Moviegoers". The New York Times. Retrieved March 26, 2008. The nation's first drive-in theater was built by the Hollingshead family along the tawdry Admiral Wilson Boulevard in Pennsauken, N.J., in 1933.
^ Jump up to: a b "Movie theater lets cars drive right in". Popular Science. New York: Popular Science Publishing Co. 123 (2): 19. August 1933. Retrieved October 25, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Lewis, Mary Beth. "Ten Best First Facts". Car and Driver (1/88): 92.
Jump up ^ "Drive-In Movie Holds Four Hundred Cars" Popular Mechanics September 1933
Jump up ^ "This Month in History". Smithsonian. June 2003.
Jump up ^ PHOTOS: Happy birthday, drive-in movies, a N.J. invention | NJ.com
Jump up ^ The Victoria Advocate - Google News Archive Search
Jump up ^ http://philadelphiaencyclopedia.org/archive/admiral-wilson-boulevard/
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Nelson, Laura J. (2013, January 19). Digital projection has drive-in theaters reeling. The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 1/19/2013: http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/envelope/cotown/la-et-ct-drive-ins-digital-20130120,0,5280624,full.story
Jump up ^ "Popular Mechanics". google.com.
Jump up ^ Fielding, Raymond (May 1968). Technological History of Motion Pictures and Television. University of California Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-520-00411-5.
Jump up ^ Los Angeles Times: "General Cinema More Wall St. Than Hollywood : Investments Pay Off Handsomely for Bottler and Theater-Chain Operator" by Kathryn Harris August 11, 1985
Jump up ^ https://driveinadventures.wordpress.com/tag/farmingdale-drive-in/
Jump up ^ Million-Dollar Drive-In Offers Films, Fun and Food." Popular Science, September 1957, pp. 119-121
Jump up ^ "NWS Detroit/Pontiac -- July 16th, 1980, Derecho". noaa.gov.
Jump up ^ Philp, Rowan (17 July 2000). "The Best Picture Show; Drive-In Movie Fans Band Together To Keep a Screen From Going Dark". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Cite web |url=http://www.theawl.com/2013/06/drive-in-theaters-in-america |title=http://qz.com/235155/there-are-barely-any-drive-in-movie-theaters-left-unless-you-live-in-south-dakota/
Jump up ^ Wong, Vanessa (1 October 2014). "At Johnny Rockets, the Future of Retro is Drive In Movies". Business Week.
Jump up ^ "Old Linton Drive-In To Be Resurrected And Open By August [2012]". WBIW.
Further reading[edit]
"Drive-in" (2001). The Film Encyclopedia, 4th ed., Ephraim Katz (ed). HarperCollins, New York.
Don Sanders, Susan Sanders, (October 2003) The American Drive-In Movie Theater. Motorbooks International. ISBN 0-7603-1707-0
Elizabeth McKeon, Linda Everett, Liz McKeon (December 1998). Cinema Under the Stars: America's Love Affair With the Drive-In Movie Theater. Cumberland House. ISBN 1-58182-002-X.
Sanders, Don and Susan. Drive-in Movie Memories. Middleton: Carriage House, 2000.
Segrave, Kerry. Drive-in Theaters: a History from Their Inception in 1933. Jefferson: McFarland and Company, Inc., 1992.
"The Drive-in Theater History Page". Drive in Theater. 20 April 2007.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Drive-in theater.
Honda Launches Project Drive-In to Save Drive-Ins Across the Country
BBC: "Drive-in theatres refuse to fade away"
Time Magazine: "Movies that star the stars"
San Francisco Chronicle: "Reviving drive-in culture"
"For Drive-In Theaters, an Unexpected Revival", Nancy Mullane, All Things Considered, April 21, 2008.
A freely downloadable collection of drive-in intermission advertisements
"Starlit Screens: Preserving Place and Public at Drive-In Theaters," Robin Conner and Paul Johnson, Southern Spaces, October 10, 2008. http://southernspaces.org/2008/starlit-screens-preserving-place-and-public-drive-theaters
Will the endangered American drive-in fade to black? - CNN
United Drive-In Theatre Owners Association
Richard Kuipers' article about Australian Drive-In theatres, and their depiction in Australian films, on australianscreen
Drive-ins.com searchable archive of over 5000 drive-in movie theaters past and present
Garden State Drive In Chronology
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