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New Orleans Pelicans
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For the former minor league baseball team, see New Orleans Pelicans (baseball).
New Orleans Pelicans
2018–19 New Orleans Pelicans season
Conference
Western
Division
Southwest
Founded
2002
History
New Orleans Hornets
2002–2005; 2007–2013
New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets
2005–2007
New Orleans Pelicans
2013–present[1][2][3]
Arena
Smoothie King Center
Location
New Orleans, Louisiana
Team colors
Navy blue, gold, red[4][5][6]
Main sponsor
Zatarain's[7]
President
Dennis Lauscha
General manager
Dell Demps
Head coach
Alvin Gentry
Ownership
Gayle Benson[8][9][10]
Affiliation(s)
None
Championships
0
Conference titles
0
Division titles
1 (2008)
Retired numbers
1 (7)
Uniforms
Home
Away
Third
The New Orleans Pelicans are an American professional basketball team based in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Pelicans compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member club of the league's Western Conference Southwest Division. The team plays their home games in the Smoothie King Center (formerly known as the New Orleans Arena).
The Pelicans were established as the New Orleans Hornets in the 2002–03 season when then-owner of the Charlotte Hornets, George Shinn, relocated the franchise to New Orleans. Due to the damage caused by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, the franchise temporarily relocated to Oklahoma City, where they spent two seasons officially known as the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets. The team returned to New Orleans full-time for the 2007–08 season. On January 24, 2013, the franchise announced it would rename itself the Pelicans,[11] effective after the conclusion of the 2012–13 season. The Charlotte Hornets' name, history, and records from 1988 to 2002 were returned to its original city to be used by the then–Charlotte Bobcats franchise, which subsequently became the Charlotte Hornets, starting May 20, 2014.[1]
In 16 seasons of play since the original franchise relocated from North Carolina, the Louisiana franchise has achieved an overall regular season record of 610–686, and has qualified for the playoffs seven times. Their achievements include two playoff series victories and one division title.
Contents
[hide]
1 Franchise history
1.1 Relocation to New Orleans
1.2 2002–2005: Early years in New Orleans
1.3 2005–2011: Chris Paul era
1.4 2011–2013: CP3's departure; beginning the Anthony Davis era
1.5 2013–present
1.5.1 2015: Return to the playoffs
1.5.2 2017–present
2 Logos and uniforms
3 Players
3.1 Current roster
3.2 Retained draft rights
3.3 Retired numbers
4 Franchise records
5 Seasons
5.1 Head coaches
6 Home arenas
7 Mascot
8 References
9 External links
Franchise history[edit]
Main article: History of the New Orleans Pelicans
Relocation to New Orleans[edit]
Smoothie King Center, home arena of the New Orleans Pelicans
While the Charlotte Hornets put a competitive team on the court throughout the 1990s, the team's attendance began falling dramatically. Many attributed this lapse in popularity to the team's owner, George Shinn, who was slowly becoming despised by the people of the city.[12] In 1997, a Charlotte woman claimed that Shinn had raped her, and the resulting trial severely tarnished his reputation in the city. The consensus was that while Charlotte was as basketball-crazy as ever, fans took out their anger at Shinn on the team. Shinn had also become discontented with the Charlotte Coliseum, which, although considered state-of-the-art when it opened in 1988, had by then been considered obsolete due to a limited number of luxury boxes. On March 26, 2001, both the Hornets and the Vancouver Grizzlies applied for relocation to Memphis, Tennessee,[13] which was ultimately won by the Grizzlies. Shinn issued an ultimatum: unless the city built a new arena at no cost to him, the Hornets would leave town. The city initially refused, leading Shinn to consider moving the team to either Norfolk, Louisville, or St. Louis. Of the cities in the running, only St. Louis had an NBA-ready arena (Savvis Center, now known as Scottrade Center) already in place and was a larger media market than Charlotte at the time; also, it was the only one of the four to have previously hosted an NBA franchise — the St. Louis Hawks, who moved to Atlanta in 1968.
Finally, a new arena in Uptown, which would eventually become the Charlotte Bobcats Arena (now known as Spectrum Center), was included in a non-binding referendum for a larger arts-related package, and Shinn withdrew his application to move the team. Polls showed the referendum on its way to passage. However, just days before the referendum, Mayor Pat McCrory vetoed a living wage ordinance. The veto prompted many of the city's black ministers to oppose the referendum; they felt it was immoral for the city to build a new arena when city employees were not paid enough to make a living.[14] After the referendum failed, city leaders devised a plan to build a new arena in a way that did not require voter support, but made it known that they would not even consider building it unless Shinn sold the team. While even the NBA acknowledged that Shinn had alienated fans, league officials felt such a demand would anger other owners.[15] The city council refused to remove the statement, leading the Hornets to request a move to New Orleans – a move which would eventually return the NBA to that city since the Jazz moved to Salt Lake City in 1979. Before the Hornets were eliminated from the playoffs, the NBA approved the move. As part of a deal, the NBA promised that Charlotte would get a new team, which took the court two years later as the Charlotte Bobcats.
In a 2008 interview with the Charlotte Observer, Shinn, who has not returned to Charlotte since the Hornets moved, admitted that the "bad judgment I made in my life" played a role in the Hornets' departure. He also said that if he had it to do all over again, he would not have withdrawn from the public after the sexual assault trial. Shinn emphasized how he was making amends by committing to New Orleans saying, "I've made enough mistakes in my life. I'm not going to make one here. This city needs us here. We're going to make this (New Orleans) thing work."[16]
2002–2005: Early years in New Orleans[edit]
The Hornets opened their inaugural season in New Orleans on October 30, 2002, against New Orleans' original NBA franchise, the now-Utah Jazz. In the first regular season NBA game played in New Orleans in over 17 years,[17] the Hornets defeated the Jazz 100–75, and posthumously retired #7 of "Pistol" Pete Maravich during halftime. The Hornets finished the season with a 47–35 record but were defeated by the Philadelphia 76ers in the First Round of the 2003 playoffs. Following the season, the team unexpectedly fired head coach Paul Silas and replaced him with Tim Floyd. The Hornets began the 2003–04 season strong with a 17–7 start but sputtered at the end and finished 41–41. They lost to the Miami Heat in the First Round of the 2004 playoffs. After the season, Floyd was fired and the team hired Byron Scott as its new head coach.
During the first two seasons in New Orleans the Hornets competed in the NBA's Eastern Conference. The 2004–05 season saw the team move to the Western Conference's Southwest Division to even the number of teams in each conference after the Charlotte Bobcats started play in their inaugural season of that same year. In a season marred by injury to the team's three all-stars, the team finished the year with a franchise-worst record of 18–64.
2005–2011: Chris Paul era[edit]
Chris Paul, selected by the Hornets as the fourth pick of the 2005 NBA draft
In the subsequent draft, the Hornets used their first-round pick to select point guard Chris Paul out of Wake Forest University.
Because of the catastrophic devastation brought by Hurricane Katrina upon the communities of southeastern Louisiana, the Hornets franchise temporarily relocated its base of operations to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in 2005–06 and 2006–07, posting records of 38–44 and 39–43 respectively.[18] During this time, the franchise was known as the New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets. In these two seasons, most home games were played at the Ford Center in Oklahoma City, while a few remained at New Orleans Arena. One year after the Hornets moved back to New Orleans permanently, the Seattle SuperSonics relocated to Oklahoma City and became the Thunder.
The Hornets franchise returned to New Orleans full-time for the 2007–08 season, with all 41 home games in the New Orleans Arena. The 2008 NBA All-Star Game and its accompanying festivities were awarded to New Orleans and a serious marketing campaign was commenced in February 2007. Healthier than previous seasons, the Hornets raced to a 29–12 record at the halfway mark, completing the regular season with a record of 56–26, making the season their most successful ever. The Hornets also won their first-ever division title, winning the Southwest Division. Having clinched the 2nd overall seed for the Western Conference in the 2008 playoffs, the Hornets beat the Dallas Mavericks in the First Round, but eventually lost to the defending-champion San Antonio Spurs in seven games in the conference semifinals.
In August 2008 the Hornets unveiled a modified logo and new uniforms with the colors of Creole blue, purple, and Mardi Gras gold. Pinstripes were also added to the uniforms. The Hornets also introduced a new gold alternate uniform in 2010 which was used mostly in games played on Saturday at home and on the road. The Hornets finished the 2008–09 season with a 49–33 record. Paired up with the Denver Nuggets in the First Round of the 2009 playoffs, the Hornets were eliminated in five games. The Hornets started the 2009–10 season in a disappointing fashion, and head coach Byron Scott was fired after a 3–6 start to the season. General manager Jeff Bower took over the head coaching duties for the remainder of the season. The Hornets finished the season with a 37–45 record, finishing last in the Southwest division they had won only two seasons before. Jeff Bower later resigned as head coach, and Monty Williams was brought in as new head coach. The team finished the 2010–11 season with a 46–36 record and qualified for the 2011 NBA Playoffs, where they lost to the Lakers 4–2.
In December 2010 the NBA purchased the Hornets from George Shinn for an estimated $300 million.[19][20]
2011–2013: CP3's departure; beginning the Anthony Davis era[edit]
Before the 2011–12 season, the Hornets were considering trade offers for Chris Paul. Paul eventually requested a trade to the New York Knicks. The Hornets looked at many teams, including the Boston Celtics and the Golden State Warriors as trade partners, but Paul had made it clear he wanted to be traded to New York or Los Angeles. A three-team trade involving the Los Angeles Lakers and the Houston Rockets was agreed upon, but commissioner David Stern vetoed the trade.[21] On December 14, 2011, the Hornets agreed to a deal with the Los Angeles Clippers that would send Paul to Los Angeles in exchange for Eric Gordon, Chris Kaman, Al-Farouq Aminu, and a first-round draft pick acquired by the Clippers from a trade with the Minnesota Timberwolves in 2004.
At the end of the 66-game lockout-shortened 2011–12 season, the Hornets had the worst record in the West, 21–45.
On April 13, 2012, it was announced that Tom Benson, owner of the National Football League's New Orleans Saints, had purchased the franchise from the NBA for $338 million.[22][23] In addition, Benson announced that he would change the team name to something that would better suit the region, fueling rumors that the Hornets name could one day return to Charlotte, where the Charlotte Bobcats played.[24][25] In June 2012, Benson appointed two senior Saints executives to supervise the Hornets as well: Saints general manager Mickey Loomis became head of basketball operations, overseeing general manager Dell Demps, and Saints business operations head Dennis Lauscha took on the same role with the Hornets.[26]
The Hornets traded Emeka Okafor and Trevor Ariza to the Wizards for Rashard Lewis, whom they bought out, and a draft pick.
On May 30, 2012, the Hornets were awarded the first overall pick in the 2012 NBA draft and subsequently drafted Anthony Davis. They also drafted Austin Rivers with the tenth pick (acquired from the Clippers as part of the Chris Paul trade).
On July 11, 2012, Ryan Anderson, 2012's Most Improved Player and three-point field goals leader, was acquired by the New Orleans Hornets in a sign-and-trade with the Orlando Magic for Gustavo Ayón.
2013–present[edit]
New owner Tom Benson had indicated early in his ownership that he wished to change the team's name to something more local, even preferring that the Utah Jazz – founded in New Orleans in 1974 and played there until 1979 – give up the "Jazz" name, but the Jazz indicated they had no interest in returning the name due to over 30 years of history associated with it. Benson had also heavily favored the names "Brass" and "Krewe".
However, on December 4, 2012, it was reported that the Hornets would change their name to the New Orleans Pelicans beginning with the 2013–14 season.[27] The team name is inspired by Louisiana's state bird, the brown pelican.[28]
The name "Pelicans" previously had been used by a minor-league baseball team that played in New Orleans from 1901 to 1957.[29] The Hornets organization officially confirmed the name change in a press conference held on January 24, 2013, where officials unveiled the team's new logos and navy blue–gold–red color scheme.[11][30] On April 18, 2013, after the end of the team's 2012–13 season, the team's name was officially changed to the Pelicans.[31]
Following the New Orleans franchise's 2013 disestablishment of the "Hornets" name, on May 21, 2013, Charlotte Bobcats owner Michael Jordan officially announced the organization had submitted an application to change the name of his franchise to the Charlotte Hornets for the 2014–15 NBA season pending a majority vote for approval by the NBA Board of Governors at a meeting in Las Vegas, on July 18, 2013.[32] Then-NBA Deputy Commissioner and COO Adam Silver had previously pointed out that the league owns the rights to the name Hornets and that could speed up the process.[33] The NBA unanimously approved the name change starting with 2014–15.[34]
On June 27, 2013, during the 2013 NBA draft, the Pelicans selected Nerlens Noel 6th overall, and traded him along with a 2014 protected first-round pick for All-Star point guard Jrue Holiday of the Philadelphia 76ers and the 42nd pick, Pierre Jackson.[35] At a May 20, 2014, press conference announcing the Charlotte Bobcats' official team name change to Hornets, it was also announced that the Pelicans agreed to transfer the records and statistics of the original Hornets (1988–2002) to the current Charlotte franchise, thus unifying all of Charlotte's NBA basketball history under one franchise; the team records and statistics since the 2002 move to New Orleans would be retained by the Pelicans, retroactively turning the Pelicans into a 2002 expansion team.[1]
To restate and clarify the series of events: after the 2002 season, the original Hornets moved to New Orleans. In 2004, Charlotte was granted a new franchise, the Bobcats. After the 2013–14 season, the Bobcats changed their name to the Hornets and reclaimed the history and records of the 1988–2002 Hornets. As a result, the Hornets are now reckoned as having suspended operations from 2002 to 2004, while the Pelicans are now reckoned as having joined the league in 2002.
2015: Return to the playoffs[edit]
Gentry has been coaching the Pelicans' since 2015
For the first time under the name Pelicans, the team qualified for the playoffs with a 45–37 record as the number 8 seed in the Western Conference. They owned the tie-breaker over the Oklahoma City Thunder by winning the regular season head-to-head series, 3–1, and they faced the Golden State Warriors in the First Round; the Warriors swept the Pelicans in four games. After the season, the Pelicans fired coach Monty Williams despite qualifying for the playoffs.
On May 31, 2015, the Pelicans hired Alvin Gentry as the franchise's sixth head coach.[36]
2017–present[edit]
On February 20, 2017, the Pelicans acquired DeMarcus Cousins in a trade with the Sacramento Kings when they traded Buddy Hield, Tyreke Evans, Langston Galloway, a 2017 first-round pick, and a 2017 second-round pick in exchange for Cousins and Omri Casspi.
On February 1, 2018, the Pelicans acquired Nikola Mirotić in a trade with the Chicago Bulls. Though the trade wen through this tme, another trade for Mirotić to the Pelicans was cancelled when New Orleans didn't want to pay for Mirotić's 2019-team-option contract Mirotić signed with the Bulls during the off-season of 2017. The Pelicans received Mirotić and a 2018 second-round pick for veterans Ömer Aşık, Jameer Nelson, and Tony Allen. Mirotić demanded a trade when former team mate Bobby Portis punched Mirotić in the face during an off-season practice. At the time, Mirotić was the Bulls' leading scorer, and DeMarcus Cousins was injured. Mirotić, recently, has been extremely efficient for the Pelicans. [37]
On March 15, 2018, Tom Benson died from complications of the flu. Ownership of the Pelicans and the Saints were transferred to Benson's widow, Gayle Benson.[38]
The Pelicans clinched the playoff spot on April 9, 2018.[39] In the First Round they swept the Portland Trail Blazers 4–0,[40] and then lost to the Golden State Warriors 4–1.[41]
Logos and uniforms[edit]
The New Orleans Hornets were sold to Tom Benson on April 13, 2012.[22] After purchasing the team, Benson indicated that he wanted to change the club's nickname to something more regionally appropriate. On December 14, 2012, it was reported that the Hornets would change their nickname to the New Orleans Pelicans.[27] On January 24, 2013, the team held a press conference, where it unveiled its new nickname, logos and colors. The name Pelicans is a reference to the brown pelican, the state bird of Louisiana.[11][28] The team said in a press release that its colors would be navy, gold and red; each color is represented in the city flag of New Orleans.[30] The team formally adopted its new brand identity at the end of the 2012–13 season.[31]
On August 1, 2013, the Pelicans released their new uniforms. The 'New Orleans' wordmark logo across the front of the jerseys is inspired by French Quarter street signs; the Pelicans are one of three NBA teams to wear the city name across the front of both home and road jerseys. The partial logo is featured on the sides of the shorts, and the "Bird-de-Lis" logo (a combination mark of the pelican, fleur-de-lis and crescent basketball shape) is featured on the back neck.[42][43][44][45] NBA teams were not allowed to have alternate uniforms during their first season of operation.
On September 23, 2014, the Pelicans unveiled a red alternate uniform for the 2014–15 season that would be worn four times in the year.[46] Prior to the red alternate uniform unveiling, the NBA announced that its league logo would be moved to the back neck of game jerseys for all 30 clubs; as a result, the NBA league logo replaced the "Bird-de-Lis" logo on the back neck.[47][48]
On September 17, 2015, the Pelicans unveiled a new alternate uniform, introduced as part of the NBA's "Pride" uniforms for the 2015–16 season. The short-sleeved uniforms feature Mardi Gras' signature colors – purple, green and gold. The tops are purple with green accents on the sleeves and sport 'NOLA' (a local acronym for New Orleans, Louisiana) across the chest in the Pelicans’ signature font in gold letters trimmed in green. The Pelicans 'NO' logo is featured at the bottom of the v-neck and the Crescent City basketball logo is on the left sleeve in Mardi Gras colors. Additionally, the trim around the neckline is purple, green and gold-striped. Additionally, on the back of the jersey, the players’ numbers will be gold with green trim, last name in white traditional lettering and the NBA logo will be featured at the base of the neck. The purple shorts will have green and gold stripes down the side with a small secondary logo – the "Bird-de-Lis" in gold centered on the waistband. The Pelicans’ partial logo is on both sides of the shorts in Mardi Gras colors.[49]
Players[edit]
Main article: New Orleans Pelicans all-time roster
See also: New Orleans Pelicans draft history
Current roster[edit]
New Orleans Pelicans roster
v
t
e
Players
Coaches
Pos.
No.
Name
Height
Weight
DOB (YYYY-MM-DD)
From
6.0 !C 7001420000000000000♠42 Ajinça, Alexis 7000218440000000000♠7 ft 2 in (2.18 m) 248 lb (112 kg) 1988–05–06 INSEP (FRA)
1.5 !G 7000200000000000000♠2 Clark, Ian 7000190500000000000♠6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 175 lb (79 kg) 1991–03–07 Belmont
1.5 !G 7000400000000000000♠4 Cooke, Charles (TW) 7000195580000000000♠6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 196 lb (89 kg) 1994–07–01 Dayton
6.0 !C 5000000000000000000♠0 Cousins, DeMarcus 7000210820000000000♠6 ft 11 in (2.11 m) 270 lb (122 kg) 1990–08–13 Kentucky
1.5 !G 7001270000000000000♠27 Crawford, Jordan 7000195580000000000♠6 ft 5 in (1.96 m) 195 lb (88 kg) 1988–10–23 Xavier
5.5 !F/C 7001230000000000000♠23 Davis, Anthony (C) 7000208279999999999♠6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 253 lb (115 kg) 1993–03–11 Kentucky
4.0 !F 7001130000000000000♠13 Diallo, Cheick 7000205740000000000♠6 ft 9 in (2.06 m) 220 lb (100 kg) 1996–09–13 Kansas
4.0 !F 7001440000000000000♠44 Hill, Solomon 7000200659999999999♠6 ft 7 in (2.01 m) 225 lb (102 kg) 1991–03–18 Arizona
1.5 !G 7001110000000000000♠11 Holiday, Jrue 7000193040000000000♠6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 205 lb (93 kg) 1990–06–12 UCLA
1.5 !G 7001150000000000000♠15 Jackson, Frank 7000190500000000000♠6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) 205 lb (93 kg) 1998–05–04 Duke
1.5 !G 7001340000000000000♠34 Liggins, DeAndre 7000198120000000000♠6 ft 6 in (1.98 m) 209 lb (95 kg) 1988–03–31 Kentucky
4.0 !F 7001210000000000000♠21 Miller, Darius 7000203200000000000♠6 ft 8 in (2.03 m) 225 lb (102 kg) 1990–03–21 Kentucky
4.0 !F 7000300000000000000♠3 Mirotić, Nikola 7000208279999999999♠6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 238 lb (108 kg) 1991–02–11 Spain
2.5 !G/F 7001550000000000000♠55 Moore, E'Twaun 7000193040000000000♠6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) 191 lb (87 kg) 1989–02–25 Purdue
6.0 !C 7001500000000000000♠50 Okafor, Emeka 7000208279999999999♠6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) 255 lb (116 kg) 1982–09–28 Connecticut
1.5 !G 7000900000000000000♠9 Rondo, Rajon 7000185420000000000♠6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) 186 lb (84 kg) 1986–02–22 Kentucky
Head coach
Alvin Gentry
Assistant coach(es)
Darren Erman
Chris Finch
Dave Hanners
Kevin Hanson
Robert Pack
Fred Vinson
Phil Weber
Legend
(C) Team captain
(DP) Unsigned draft pick
(FA) Free agent
(S) Suspended
(GL) On assignment to G League
(TW) Two-way affiliate player
Injured
Roster • Transactions
Last transaction: 2018–04–05
Retained draft rights[edit]
The Pelicans hold the draft rights to the following unsigned draft picks who have been playing outside the NBA. A drafted player, either an international draftee or a college draftee who is not signed by the team that drafted him, is allowed to sign with any non-NBA teams. In this case, the team retains the player's draft rights in the NBA until one year after the player's contract with the non-NBA team ends.[50] This list includes draft rights that were acquired from trades with other teams.
Draft
Round
Pick
Player
Pos.
Nationality
Current team
Note(s)
Ref
2010 2 48 Williams, LataviousLatavious Williams F United States Valencia Basket (Spain) Acquired from the Miami Heat (via Oklahoma City) [51]
Retired numbers[edit]
New Orleans Pelicans retired numbers
No.
Player
Position
Tenure
7 Pete Maravich G 1974–1979 1
Notes:
1 The then-New Orleans Hornets retired Maravich's number during their first game in New Orleans in honor of his basketball contributions to the state of Louisiana, both during his college career at Louisiana State University (LSU) and his professional career with the city's former NBA team, the New Orleans Jazz.
Franchise records[edit]
Main article: New Orleans Pelicans accomplishments and records
Seasons[edit]
Main article: List of New Orleans Pelicans seasons
Head coaches[edit]
Main article: List of New Orleans Pelicans head coaches
Name
Tenure
Totals
Regular season
Playoffs
G
W
L
PCT
G
W
L
PCT
G
W
L
PCT
Paul Silas 2002–2003 88 49 39 .557 82 47 35 .573 6 2 4 .333
Tim Floyd 2003–2004 89 44 45 .494 82 41 41 .500 7 3 4 .429
Byron Scott 2004–2009 436 211 225 .484 419 203 216 .484 17 8 9 .471
Jeff Bower 2009–2010 73 34 39 .487 73 34 39 .487 0 0 0 –
Monty Williams 2010–2015 404 175 229 .433 394 173 221 .439 10 2 8 .200
Alvin Gentry 2015–present 255 117 138 .459 246 112 134 .455 9 5 4 .556
Home arenas[edit]
Smoothie King Center (2002–present), formerly known as New Orleans Arena (2002–2014)
One other temporary facility due to the effects of Hurricane Katrina:
Chesapeake Energy Arena (Oklahoma City, formerly known as Ford Center) (2005–2007)
Mascot[edit]
Pierre the Pelican is the official mascot for the Pelicans. He was introduced on October 30, 2013, the opening night of regular season for the team at home against the Indiana Pacers.[52][53] The name for the mascot was selected by the fans through an online poll on the team's website. However, Pierre's unconventional design frightened some fans. The mascot's redesigned head was released on February 11, 2014.[54] The Pelicans' prior mascot was Hugo the Hornet, who was part of the organization from 2002 to 2013. Hugo returned as the mascot for the Charlotte Hornets starting with the 2014–15 season.[55]
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Jump up ^ "New Orleans Pelicans Name Alvin Gentry Head Coach". New Orleans Pelicans. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.espn.com/nba/story/_/id/22287175/new-orleans-pelicans-acquire-nikola-mirotic-chicago-bulls
Jump up ^ "Tom Benson's will names Gayle Benson as sole beneficiary, leaves estranged family out". The Times-Picayune. March 17, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Meagher, Sean (April 10, 2018). "NBA playoff race: Pelicans clinch with win vs Clippers". OregonLive.com. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Amick, Sam (April 21, 2018). "No. 6 seed Pelicans make NBA playoff history with first-round sweep of Trail Blazers". USA TODAY. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Meagher, Sean (May 8, 2018). "Golden State Warriors eliminate New Orleans Pelicans, advance to Western Conference finals". OregonLive.com. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Pelicans Uniform Unveiling". New Orleans Pelicans. August 1, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ "NEW ORLEANS PELICANS UNVEIL NEW UNIFORMS" (Press release). New Orleans Pelicans. August 1, 2013. Retrieved September 8, 2015.
Jump up ^ Creamer, Chris (August 1, 2013). "New Orleans Pelicans Unveil New Uniforms". SportsLogos.net. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lukas, Paul (August 1, 2013). "Uni Watch on Pelicans' jersey reveal". ESPN.com. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ "New Orleans Pelicans Unveil Alternate Red Uniform" (Press release). New Orleans Pelicans. September 23, 2014. Retrieved September 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "New NBA Swingman Jersey Features – Guide to New 2014–2015 Swingman Jerseys". National Basketball Association. December 19, 2014. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Lukas, Paul (June 19, 2014). "NBA to move league logo to back of jerseys". ESPN.com. Retrieved June 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Pelicans Unveil Pride Uniforms in Celebration of the Spirit of Mardi Gras" (Press release). New Orleans Pelicans. September 17, 2015. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Coon, Larry. "NBA Salary Cap FAQ – 2011 Collective Bargaining Agreement". Retrieved April 13, 2014. If the player is already under contract to, or signs a contract with a non-NBA team, the team retains the player's draft rights for one year after the player's obligation to the non-NBA team ends. Essentially, the clock stops as long as the player plays pro ball outside the NBA.
Jump up ^ "Pelicans Acquire Ish Smith". NBA.com. February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Pierre the Pelican introduced in first quarter". New Orleans Pelicans. October 30, 2013. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ Golliver, Ben (October 31, 2013). "New Orleans Pelicans introduce new mascot 'Pierre' as part of rebranding effort". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "PIERRE THE PELICAN INJURY UPDATE" (Press release). New Orleans Pelicans. February 11, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
Jump up ^ "A Hornet Comes Home". Charlotte Hornets. June 5, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2014.
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1903 Tour de France
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1903 Tour de France
Route of the 1903 Tour de France
Followed clockwise, starting in Montgeron and ending in Paris
Race details
Dates
1–19 July
Stages
6
Distance
2,428 km (1,509 mi)
Winning time
94h 33' 14"
Results
Winner Maurice Garin (FRA)
Second Lucien Pothier (FRA)
Third Fernand Augereau (FRA)
1904 →
The 1903 Tour de France was the first cycling race set up and sponsored by the newspaper L'Auto, ancestor of the current daily, L'Équipe. It ran from 1 to 19 July in six stages over 2,428 km (1,509 mi), and was won by Maurice Garin.[1]
The race was invented to boost the circulation of L'Auto, after its circulation started to plummet from competition with the long-standing Le Vélo. Originally scheduled to start in June, the race was postponed one month, and the prize money was increased, after a disappointing level of applications from competitors. The 1903 Tour de France was the first stage road race, and compared to modern Grand Tours, it had relatively few stages, but each was much longer than those raced today. The cyclists did not have to compete in all six stages, although this was necessary to qualify for the general classification.
The pre-race favourite, Maurice Garin, won the first stage, and retained the lead throughout. He also won the last two stages, and had a margin of almost three hours over the next cyclist. The circulation of L'Auto increased more than sixfold during and after the race, so the race was considered successful enough to be rerun in 1904, by which time Le Vélo had been forced out of business.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origin
2 Rules and course
3 Participants
4 Race overview
5 Results
5.1 Stage results
5.2 General classification
6 Aftermath
7 References
7.1 Sources
8 Further reading
9 External links
Origin[edit]
After the Dreyfus affair separated advertisers from the newspaper Le Vélo, a new newspaper L'Auto-Vélo was founded in 1900, with former cyclist Henri Desgrange as editor. After being forced to change the name of the newspaper to L'Auto in 1903, Desgrange needed something to keep the cycling fans; with circulation at 20,000, he could not afford to lose them.[2]
When Desgrange and young employee Géo Lefèvre were returning from the Marseille–Paris cycling race,[3] Lefèvre suggested holding a race around France, similar to the popular six-day races on the track.[4] Desgrange proposed the idea to the financial controller Victor Goddet, who gave his approval, and on 19 January 1903, the Tour de France was announced in L'Auto.[5][6]
It was to have been a five-week race, from 1 June to 5 July, with an entry fee of 20 francs. These conditions attracted very few cyclists: one week before the race was due to start, only 15 competitors had signed up. Desgrange then rescheduled the race from 1 to 19 July, increased the total prize money to 20,000 francs, reduced the entry fee to 10 francs and guaranteed at least five francs a day to the first 50 cyclists in the classification.[7] After that, 79 cyclists signed up for the race, of whom 60 actually started the race.[8]
Géo Lefévre became the director, judge and time-keeper; Henri Desgrange was the directeur-général, although he did not follow the race.
Rules and course[edit]
Maurice Garin, the winner of the 1903 Tour de France.
The 1903 Tour de France was run in six stages. Compared to modern stage races, the stages were extraordinarily long, with an average distance of over 400 km (250 mi), compared to the 171 km (106 mi) average stage length in the 2004 Tour de France; cyclists had one to three rest days between each stage,[8] and the route was largely flat, with only one stage featuring a significant mountain. The cyclists were not grouped in teams but raced as individuals, and paid a fee of ten francs (€87.50 at 2003 prices) to compete in the race for general classification, or five francs to enter a single stage.[9] Because the stages were so long, all but the first started before dawn: the last stage started at 21:00 the night before.[10]
The first Tour de France crossed no mountain passes, but several lesser cols. The first was the col des Echarmeaux (712 m (2,336 ft)), on the opening stage from Paris to Lyon, on what is now the old road from Autun to Lyon. The stage from Lyon to Marseille included the col de la République (1,161 m (3,809 ft)), also known as the col du Grand Bois, at the edge of St-Etienne.[11]
In 1903, it was normal for a professional cyclist to hire pacers, who would lead them during the race. Desgrange forbade this: it was originally intended that in the final, longest, stage pacers would be allowed, but this was rescinded after the fifth stage.[5][12][13]
To ensure that the cyclists rode the entire route, stewards were stationed at various points around the course.[5][7] The yellow jersey for the leader in the general classification had not yet been introduced, but the leader was identified by a green armband.[5]
The fastest eight cyclists on each stage received a prize between 50 francs and 1,500 francs, varying per stage. The fourteen best cyclists in the general classification received a prize from 3,000 francs for the winner to 25 francs for fourteenth place.[7] The remaining seven cyclists to finish in the general classification each received 95 francs, 5 francs for each of the 19 days that the race took, provided that they had not won more than 200 francs in prize money and did not have an average speed below 20 km/h (12 mph) on any stage.[7]
Participants[edit]
For a more comprehensive list, see List of cyclists in the 1903 Tour de France.
In contrast to modern stage races, a cyclist who gave up during a stage was allowed to start again the next stage, although he would no longer be in contention for the general classification. Thus Hippolyte Aucouturier, who gave up during the first stage, was able to return, and won the second and third stages. Charles Laeser, winner of the fourth stage, had not completed the third stage.[8]
Sixty cyclists, all professionals or semi-professionals, started the race, of whom 49 were French, 4 Belgian, 4 Swiss, 2 German, and one Italian; 21 of them were sponsored by bicycle manufacturers, while 39 entered without commercial support.[7][8][14] 24 other cyclists took advantage of the opportunity to enter specific stages: one rode in both the second and fourth stages, and additionally three cyclists took part in the second stage, one in the third stage, fifteen in the fourth stage only, and a further four only competed in the fifth stage.[8]
Race overview[edit]
Main articles: 1903 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 3 and 1903 Tour de France, Stage 4 to Stage 6
Café au Reveil Matin in Paris, 1903 Tour de France.
The pre-race favourites for the victory were Maurice Garin and Hippolyte Aucouturier.[3] Garin dominated the race from the start by winning the first stage, a 471 km (293 mi) parcours from Paris to Lyon. The stage started at 15:16, and the cyclists initially rode with a speed of 35 km/h. The first cyclists abandoned after around 50 km (31 mi).[15] At 23:00, Garin and Emile Pagie, leading the race, reached the control point in Nevers. Garin expected at that point that they would finish at 8:00 the next morning. During the night, Garin's main rival, Aucouturier, had stomach cramps, and was unable to finish the stage.[5][15] Also during that first stage, the first breach of the rules occurred: Jean Fischer had used a car as pacer, which was illegal.[5][15] Pagie fell down, but got up again; he and Garin kept leading the race during the night. Around 9:00 in the morning, both reached Lyon. Garin got away from Pagie, and finished one minute ahead.[15]
The finish of the first Tour.
Although Aucouturier had abandoned in the first stage, and so was not eligible for the general classification, he could still start the rest of the stages. In the second stage, Aucouturier was able to win the sprint. In the third stage, the cyclists who were competing for the general classification started one hour earlier than the other cyclists, including Aucouturier. At the end of that stage, a group of four cyclists had broken away, and Eugène Brange won the sprint. Aucouturier finished 27 minutes later, but this meant that he had run the course 33 minutes faster, so he was declared the winner of the stage.[16] Garin retained the lead, helped by a crash of second-placed Pagie in the second stage, which eliminated him from the race.[5] In the fourth stage, Aucouturier had a clear lead and seemed set to win a third successive stage, but was caught using the slipstream of a car, and was removed from the race.[3] Swiss Charles Laeser (who had abandoned in the 3rd stage[8]) took the victory, becoming the first non-French winner. As in the third stage, the cyclists departed in two groups, and Laeser was in the second group because he was no longer contending for the general classification. Laeser finished more than 50 minutes after a group of six cyclists, but he had travelled the distance 4 minutes faster than them, so he was declared the winner.[17]
At that point, Garin was leading, with Émile Georget almost two hours behind.[18] In the fifth stage, Georget had two flat tires, and fell asleep when he stopped at the side of the road to rest; he failed to finish.[3] Thus Garin extended his lead by winning this stage, carrying nearly three hours' advantage into the final day's racing.[19] Garin had requested other cyclists in the leading group to let him win the stage, but Fernand Augereau refused to do this. Garin then had Lucien Pothier throw down his bicycle in front of Augereau, who fell, and Garin then bent Augereau's rear wheel. Augereau quickly obtained a spare bike and continued to the finish, however Garin easily won the sprint.[20] Augereau still received a prize of 100 francs from Velo-Sport Nantes for the fastest final kilometer of the stage in the Nantes velodrome.[21]
The last stage was the longest, at 471 km (293 mi), and ran from Nantes to the small town of Ville-d'Avray, which lies between Versailles and Paris, instead of at the Parc des Princes velodrome. This was because of a bylaw forbidding road races to end on cycling tracks (a bylaw subsequently repealed in light of the race's success). Garin took his third stage win, and sealed overall victory by 2 hours 59 minutes 31 seconds: this remains the greatest margin of victory in the Tour de France.[5] After celebrating with champagne, the riders cycled to Parc des Princes, where they made several laps of honour before an adoring crowd, to the sound of a bugle.
Results[edit]
The publicity after the first stage showed that Maurice Garin rode a bicycle from La Française
Stage results[edit]
In 1903, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate whether the stage included mountains.
Stage characteristics and winners[8][10]
Stage
Date
Course
Distance
Type
Winner
Race leader
1
1 July Paris to Lyon 467 km (290 mi) Plain stage Maurice Garin (FRA) Maurice Garin (FRA)
2
5 July Lyon to Marseille 374 km (232 mi) Stage with mountain(s) Hippolyte Aucouturier (FRA) Maurice Garin (FRA)
3
8 July Marseille to Toulouse 423 km (263 mi) Plain stage Hippolyte Aucouturier (FRA) Maurice Garin (FRA)
4
12 July Toulouse to Bordeaux 268 km (167 mi) Plain stage Charles Laeser (SUI) Maurice Garin (FRA)
5
13 July Bordeaux to Nantes 425 km (264 mi) Plain stage Maurice Garin (FRA) Maurice Garin (FRA)
6
18 July Nantes to Paris 471 km (293 mi) Plain stage Maurice Garin (FRA) Maurice Garin (FRA)
Total 2,428 km (1,509 mi)[1]
General classification[edit]
There were 21 cyclists who had completed all six stages. For these cyclists, the times taken for each stage were added up for the general classification. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the winner. The cyclists officially were not grouped in teams; some cyclists had the same sponsor, even though they were not allowed to work together.[22]
Final general classification (1–10)[8]
Rank
Rider
Sponsor[23]
Time
1 Maurice Garin (FRA) La Française 94h 33' 14'
2 Lucien Pothier (FRA) La Française + 2h 59' 21"
3 Fernand Augereau (FRA) La Française + 4h 29' 24″
4 Rodolfo Muller[24] (ITA) La Française + 4h 39' 30″
5 Jean Fischer (FRA) La Française + 4h 58' 44″
6 Marcel Kerff (BEL) — + 5h 52' 24″
7 Julien Lootens (BEL) Brennabor + 8h 31' 08″
8 Georges Pasquier (FRA) La Française + 10h 24' 04″
9 François Beaugendre (FRA) — + 10h 52' 14″
10 Aloïs Catteau (BEL) La Française + 12h 44' 57″
[show]Final general classification (11–21)
Rank
Rider
Sponsor
Time
11 Jean Dargassies (FRA) Gladiator + 13h 49' 10″
12 Ferdinand Payan (FRA) Champeyrache + 19h 09' 02"
13 Julien Girbe (FRA) JC Cycles + 23h 16' 52"
14 Isidore Lechartier (FRA) Gladiator + 24h 05' 13"
15 Josef Fischer (GER) Diamant + 25h 14' 26"
16 Alexandre Foureaux (FRA) — + 31h 50' 52"
17 René Salais (FRA) — + 32h 34' 43"
18 Emile Moulin (FRA) — + 49h 43' 14"
19 Georges Borot (FRA) — + 51h 37' 38"
20 Pierre Desvages (FRA) — + 62h 53' 54"
21 Arsène Millocheau (FRA) — + 64h 57' 08"
Aftermath[edit]
The circulation of L'Auto increased significantly due to this event; a special edition of 130,000 copies was made after the race was over,[25] and normal circulation increased from 25,000 to 65,000.[2] The big success made sure that the Tour de France was scheduled again for 1904. The cyclists had also become national heroes. Maurice Garin returned for the 1904 Tour de France but his title defence failed when he was disqualified. With the prize money that he won in 1903, which totalled 6,075 francs,[8] (approximately US$40,000 and GBP£23,000 in 2006 values[5]) Garin later bought a gas station, where he worked for the rest of his life.[5]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Augendre 2016, p. 108.
^ Jump up to: a b James, Tom (4 April 2001). "The Origins of the Tour de France". VeloArchive. Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "1903: Maurice Garin wint eerste Tour" (in Dutch). 19 March 2003. Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Noakes, T. D. (2006). "The limits of endurance exercise". Basic Research in Cardiology. 101 (5): 408–417. doi:10.1007/s00395-006-0607-2. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2006). The Story of the Tour de France. Dog Ear Publishing. pp. 4–10. ISBN 1-59858-180-5. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
Jump up ^ Desgrange, Henri (19 January 1903). "Le Tour de France". l'Auto (in French). Retrieved 17 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Réglement du Tour de France 1903". L'Auto (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 28 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "1er Tour de France 1903" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Wheatcroft, Geoffrey (2003). Le Tour: a history of the Tour de France, 1903–2003. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-3110-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Augendre 2016, p. 5.
Jump up ^ Woodland, Les (2003). The Yellow Jersey Companion to the Tour de France. Yellow Jersey Press. p. 264. ISBN 0-224-06318-9.
Jump up ^ Augendre, Jacques (1996). Le Tour de France: Panorama d'un siècle (in French). Société du Tour de France. p. 9.
Jump up ^ "Le Tour de France - Un incident Garin-Augereau". Le Populaire (in French). Archives municipales de Nantes. 17 July 1903. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Torgler, Benno (2007). ""La Grande Boucle": Determinants of Success at the Tour de France". Journal of Sports Economics. 8 (3): 317–331. doi:10.1177/1527002506287657. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "1ère étappe - Paris-Lyon - 467 kilomètres" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 4 May 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
Jump up ^ "Etape 3: Marseille–Toulouse" (in French). La Grande Boucle. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Etape 4: Toulouse–Bordeaux" (in French). La Grande Boucle. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "1er Tour de France 1903 - 4ème étappe" (in French). Mémoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
Jump up ^ "1903 - 1st Tour de France". Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2009.
Jump up ^ "Etape 5: Bordeaux–Nantes" (in French). La Grande Boucle. Retrieved 21 July 2010.
Jump up ^ "Le Tour de France - 5ème étape Bordeaux-Nantes (394 kil.)". Le Populaire (in French). Archives municipales de Nantes. 15 July 1903. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Christopher S. (2006). The Tour de France: a cultural history. University of California Press. p. 36. ISBN 0-520-24760-4.
Jump up ^ "Cycling archives". Retrieved 27 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Rodolfo Muller at Cycling Archives
Jump up ^ James, Tom (14 August 2003). "Victory for the Little Chimney Sweep". VeloArchive. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
Sources[edit]
Augendre, Jacques (2016). Guide historique [Historical guide] (PDF). Tour de France (in French). Paris: Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
Further reading[edit]
Cossins, Peter (2017). Butcher, Blacksmith, Acrobat, Sweep: The Tale of the First Tour de France. London: Yellow Jersey Press. ISBN 9780224100656. OCLC 989807647.
Facchinetti, Paolo (2003). Tour de France 1903: la nascita della Grande Boucle (in Italian). Ediciclo Editore. ISBN 88-85318-88-6.
External links[edit]
Media related to 1903 Tour de France at Wikimedia Commons
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Direct flight
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the flight mechanism in insects, see Insect flight § Direct flight.
A direct flight in the aviation industry is any flight between two points by an airline with no change in flight numbers, which includes one or more stops at an intermediate point(s).[1] A stop may either be to get new passengers (or allow some to disembark) or a technical stop over (i.e., for refuelling). Direct flights are often confused with non-stop flights, which are flights involving no intermediate stops.[2] When there is a change in flight number, the subsequent flight is referred to as a connecting flight.
General aspects[edit]
The term "direct flight" is not legally defined in the United States,[3] but since the 1970s the Official Airline Guides have defined the term simply as a flight(s) with a single flight number.[3] (In earlier years "direct" in the OAG did mean "no plane change".) While so-called "direct" flights may thus involve changes in aircraft (a "change of gauge"), or even airline[3] at the intermediate point, they are typically—but not always—differentiated from "connecting flights" in that the airline will enforce a dependency between multiple legs of the flight, so that leg two cannot operate if leg one has failed to arrive at the departure airport. Direct flights involving aircraft changes typically change to planes at adjoining or nearby gates.[3]
Airlines, airports, and security authorities in a particular country enforce different policies on whether passengers may stay on the aircraft on routes which do not involve a change of aircraft. For example, flights that require stopover merely for refuelling usually do not permit passengers to disembark from the aircraft. On the other hand, flights where there is a change of aircraft (change of gauge) may require that passengers disembark and stay at a holding area for security reasons and a proper headcount. In relation to this, a direct flight with stopovers may or may not involve a change in the flight crew.
Airlines may also market connections to a consolidation airport, usually an airline hub, where the continuation of the flight from multiple aircraft is to a single aircraft listed under several flight numbers. Unlike traditional direct flights, multiple legs of such 'direct' flight actually operate as individual/independent legs, such that the latter leg can operate without any dependency or consideration of the former leg. In other words, the flight that comprises the latter leg can depart even if the flight that comprised the former leg failed to arrive.
See also[edit]
Commercial aviation
Domestic flight
Mainline
Non-stop flight
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "What's the difference between nonstop and direct flights?". Retrieved 2008-03-21.
Jump up ^ Collis, Roger (2008-01-31). "Q & A: 'Direct' or 'nonstop' flight? Beware the difference". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Wade, Betsy (1992-09-20). "Understanding Travelspeak". New York Times. Retrieved 2006-07-20.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Direct_flight&oldid=815410658"
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