text:
Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes (song)
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"Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes"
Single by George Jones
from the album Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes
B-side
"A Whole Lot of Trouble for You"[1]
Released
1985
Format
7" single
Genre
Country
Length
3:16
Label
Epic 05439
Songwriter(s)
Max D. Barnes
Troy Seals
Producer(s)
Billy Sherrill
George Jones singles chronology
"Size Seven Round (Made of Gold)"
(1985) "Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes"
(1985) "The One I Loved Back Then (The Corvette Song)"
(1986)
"Size Seven Round (Made of Gold)"
(1985) "Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes"
(1985) "The One I Loved Back Then (The Corvette Song)"
(1986)
"Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes" is a song written by Troy Seals and Max D. Barnes and recorded by American country music singer George Jones. It was recorded for his 1985 album Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes, from which it was released in late 1985 as the first single. The song peaked at number three on the Hot Country Singles chart in mid-1985.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Reception
3 Chart performance
4 References
5 External links
Background[edit]
Jones sings of the irreplacibility of country music legends including Waylon Jennings, Willie Nelson, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Conway Twitty, Roy Acuff, Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins, Charlie Rich, Hank Williams, Marty Robbins, and Lefty Frizzell. After remarking about these singers' impacts on country music, he wonders who will replace them when they're gone - hence, the title line - and thus become legends in their own right. In the 1994 video retrospective Golden Hits Jones recalled:
"Troy Seals wrote that...He saved the day for us...Songwriters were bringin' things in and we were listening to songs and tapes, and Troy came in and told Billy [Sherrill, Jones' producer] and me that he had this idea, and he sung a little bit of the chorus...He came back about ten o'clock or eleven the next morning before we went in to do our session at two o'clock, he had it all finished and it just knocked us out."
A promotional video for the song was aired on The Nashville Network (TNN), Country Music Television (CMT) and Great American Country (GAC). Directed by Marc Ball, it also features Billy Sherrill in a cameo as the bus driver and CBS executive Rick Blackburn driving the Cadillac at the end of the video. It takes place at a roadside gas station, where the owner shares with Jones his extensive collection of albums and memorabilia from classic country music artists. At the end of the video, as Jones' tour bus pulls away, a convertible pulls into the station; its passenger is a young man with a guitar, looking in awe at the large tour bus. The video - the singer's first - won Music Video of the Year at the 1986 CMA Awards, beating out videos by the Judds, Reba McEntire, and Dwight Yoakam. However, with a new crop of country stars emerging, the song had an unfortunate connotation, with Andrew Mueller noting in Jones' Uncut obituary, "As it turned out, the song wasn't brilliantly timed. A few of its protagonists still had decades left in them, as did Jones himself..."
Reception[edit]
Eugene Chadbourne of Allmusic describes the song as "the kind of mystical, self-serving necrophilia that country music is all about".[2] Jones biographer Bob Allen states, "It struck a strong enough chord of empathy with old-time country music lovers to end up number three in Billboard."[3]
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1985)
Peak
position
U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles 3
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 2
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 214. ISBN 0-89820-177-2.
Jump up ^ Chadbourne, Eugene. "Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes review". Allmusic. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
Jump up ^ Allen, Bob 1996, pp. 352-353.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
George Jones singles
Singles
"No Money in This Deal"
"Why Baby Why"
"Achin', Breakin' Heart"
"Seasons of My Heart"
"Too Much Water"
"Just One More"
"Don't Stop the Music"
"Color of the Blues"
"White Lightning"
"The Window Up Above"
"Tender Years"
"She Thinks I Still Care"
"I'll Share My World with You
"The Race Is On"
"Love Bug"
"Walk Through This World with Me"
"If My Heart Had Windows"
"Good Year for the Roses"
"Loving You Could Never Be Better"
"A Picture of Me (Without You)"
"The Grand Tour"
"The Door"
"He Stopped Loving Her Today"
"I'm Not Ready Yet"
"If Drinkin' Don't Kill Me (Her Memory Will)"
"Still Doin' Time"
"Same Ole Me"
"Shine On (Shine All Your Sweet Love on Me)"
"I Always Get Lucky with You"
"Tennessee Whiskey"
"You've Still Got a Place in My Heart"
"She's My Rock"
"Hallelujah, I Love You So"
"Who's Gonna Fill Their Shoes"
"The One I Loved Back Then (The Corvette Song)"
"Somebody Wants Me Out of the Way"
"Wine Colored Roses"
"The Right Left Hand"
"I Turn to You"
"I'm a One Woman Man"
"I Don't Need Your Rockin' Chair"
"Choices"
"Funny How Time Slips Away"
Collaborative singles
"We Must Have Been Out of Our Minds" (w/ Melba Montgomery)
"Let's Invite Them Over" (w/ Melba Montgomery)
"What's in Our Heart" (w/ Melba Montgomery)
"Blue Moon of Kentucky" (w/ Melba Montgomery)
"We're Gonna Hold On" (w/ Tammy Wynette)
"Golden Ring" (w/ Tammy Wynette)
"Near You" (w/ Tammy Wynette)
"Maybellene" (w/ Johnny Paycheck)
"Two Story House" (w/ Tammy Wynette)
"You Better Move On" (w/ Johnny Paycheck)
"Yesterday's Wine" (w/ Merle Haggard)
"C.C. Waterback" (w/ Merle Haggard)
Guest singles
"A Few Ole Country Boys" (w/ Randy Travis)
"You Don't Seem to Miss Me" (w/ Patty Loveless)
"A Country Boy Can Survive (Y2K version)" (w/ Chad Brock and Hank Williams, Jr.)
"Murder on Music Row" (w/ Dierks Bentley)
Related articles
Albums discography
Singles discography
Discography with Tammy Wynette
Awards
This 1985 country song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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George Blanda
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
George Blanda
Blanda on a 1955 Bowman football card
No. 64, 22, 16
Position:
Quarterback, placekicker
Personal information
Date of birth:
(1927-09-17)September 17, 1927
Place of birth:
Youngwood, Pennsylvania
Date of death:
September 27, 2010(2010-09-27) (aged 83)
Place of death:
Alameda, California
Height:
6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
Weight:
215 lb (98 kg)
Career information
High school:
Youngwood (PA)
College:
Kentucky
NFL Draft:
1949 / Round: 12 / Pick: 119
Career history
Chicago Bears (1949)
Baltimore Colts (1950)
Chicago Bears (1950–1958)
Houston Oilers (1960–1966)
Oakland Raiders (1967–1975)
Career highlights and awards
NFL Man of the Year (1974)
Bert Bell Award (1970)
Associated Press Athlete of the Year (1970)
3× AFL champion (1960, 1961, 1967)
4× AFL All-Star (1961–1963, 1967)
First-team All-AFL (1961)
2× Second-team All-AFL (1962, 1963)
AFL Most Valuable Player (1961)
2× AFL passing yards leader (1961, 1963)
AFL passing touchdowns leader (1961)
AFL All-Time Team
NFL records
26 seasons played
7 touchdown passes in a game (tied)
Career professional statistics
TD–INT:
236–277
Passing yards:
26,920
Completion percentage:
47.7
Passer rating:
60.6
Field goals:
335/639 (52.4%)
Extra points:
943/959 (98.3%)
Player stats at PFR
Pro Football Hall of Fame
George Frederick Blanda (September 17, 1927 – September 27, 2010) was an American football quarterback and placekicker who played professionally in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL). Blanda played 26 seasons of professional football, the most in the sport's history, and had scored more points than anyone in history at the time of his retirement. Blanda retired from pro football in 1976 at the age of 48. He was one of only two players to play in four different decades (John Carney 1988–2010, is the other), and he holds the record for most extra points kicked.[1] During his career, he played under head coaches Bear Bryant, George Halas, and John Madden.
Contents
[hide]
1 Collegiate career
2 Professional career
2.1 Chicago Bears
2.2 Houston Oilers
2.3 Oakland Raiders
3 Career regular season statistics
4 Records and honors
5 Personal life
6 Legacy
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Collegiate career[edit]
Blanda was a quarterback and kicker at Kentucky. Coach Paul "Bear" Bryant, who later won fame and set countless records at Southeastern Conference rival Alabama, arrived in his sophomore year, following a 1–9 season. The Wildcats lost three games in each of the next three years.
Blanda was the starting quarterback his last two seasons at Kentucky (1947–1948), compiling 120 completions in 242 passes (49.6 percent completions), 1,451 yards and 12[2] touchdowns.
Professional career[edit]
Chicago Bears[edit]
Blanda was signed by the Chicago Bears for $600 in 1949, an amount owner George Halas demanded back when he made the team, as Blanda was now given a very lucrative contract for many, many dollars more. While primarily used as a quarterback and placekicker, Blanda also saw time on the defensive side of the ball at linebacker. It was not until 1953 that Blanda emerged as the Bears' top signal caller, but an injury the following year effectively ended his first-string status. For the next four years, he was used mostly in a kicking capacity. Later commenting on his testy relationship with Halas, Blanda noted, "he was too cheap to even buy me a kicking shoe."[1] Blanda later reflected that by the 1950s the pro game had moved beyond Halas, who seemed to lack the interest he had earlier.
Houston Oilers[edit]
Blanda retired after the 1958 NFL season because of Halas' insistence on only using him as a kicker, but returned in 1960 upon the formation of the American Football League. He signed with the Houston Oilers as both a quarterback and kicker. He was derided by the sports media as an "NFL Reject", but he went on to lead the Oilers to the first two league titles in AFL history, and he was the All-AFL quarterback and won AFL Player of the Year honors in 1961. During that season, he led the AFL in passing yards (3,330) and touchdown passes (36). His 36 touchdown passes in 1961 were the most ever thrown by any NFL/AFL quarterback in a single season, until matched by Y. A. Tittle of the NFL New York Giants two years later in 1963. Blanda's and Tittle's mark remained the record until surpassed by Dan Marino's 48 touchdown passes in 1984. Blanda's 42 interceptions thrown in 1962 is a record that still stands.
During 1962, he had two 400-yard passing days for the Oilers: a 464-yard effort against the Buffalo Bills on October 29, with four touchdown passes (winning 28–16); and 418 yards three weeks later against the Titans of New York, this time with seven touchdown passes in a 49–13 victory. Blanda passed for 36 touchdowns that season. On 13 occasions, he connected on four or more touchdown passes during a game, and on November 1, 1964, unleashed 68 passes for Houston against the Buffalo Bills.
From 1963 to 1965, Blanda led the AFL in passing attempts and completions, and ranked in the top ten for attempts, completions, yards and touchdowns during seven consecutive seasons. A four-time member of the American Football League All-Star team, Blanda's already-long career seemed over when he was released by the Oilers on March 18, 1967. However, the Oakland Raiders signed him that July, seeing his potential as a contributing backup passer and a dependable kicker.
In later years, Blanda remained a strong supporter of AFL heritage, saying: "That first year, the Houston Oilers or Los Angeles Chargers (24–16 losers to the Oilers in the title game) could have beaten the NFL champion (Philadelphia) in a Super Bowl." Blanda said further: "I think the AFL was capable of beating the NFL in a Super Bowl game as far back as 1960 or '61. I just regret we didn't get the chance to prove it."
Oakland Raiders[edit]
In 1967, during Blanda's first season with the Raiders, his kicking skills helped him lead the AFL in scoring with 116 points. In two instances, his leg helped play a role in Raider victories: a trio of field goals helped upset the defending league champion Kansas City Chiefs on October 1; in the closing weeks of the regular season, Blanda booted four field goals behind a hostile Houston crowd in a 19–7 victory over his former team, the Oilers, helping gain a measure of revenge.
The Raiders went on to compete in Super Bowl II, but lost the final two AFL Championship games in the 10-year history of the league.
In 1970, Blanda was released during the exhibition season, but bounced back to establish his 21st professional season. During that season, Blanda, at age 43, had a remarkable five-game run. Against the Steelers, Blanda threw for three touchdowns in relief of an injured Daryle Lamonica. One week later, his 48-yard field goal with three seconds remaining salvaged a 17–17 tie with the Kansas City Chiefs. On November 8, he again came off the bench to throw a touchdown pass to tie the Cleveland Browns with 1:34 remaining, then kicked a 53-yard field goal with 0:03 left for the 23–20 win. Immediately after the winning field goal, Raiders radio announcer Bill King excitedly declared, "George Blanda has just been elected King of the World!"[3] In the team's next game, Blanda replaced Lamonica in the fourth quarter and connected with Fred Biletnikoff on a touchdown pass with 2:28 left in the game to defeat the Denver Broncos, 24–19. The following week, Blanda's 16-yard field goal in the closing seconds defeated the San Diego Chargers, 20–17.
In the AFC title game against the Baltimore Colts, Blanda again relieved an injured Lamonica, completing 17 of 32 passes for 217 yards and 2 touchdowns while also kicking a 48-yard field goal and two extra points, keeping the Raiders in the game until the final quarter, when he was intercepted twice. Aged 43, he became the oldest quarterback ever to play in a championship game, and was one of the few remaining straight-ahead kickers in the NFL.
Blanda's achievements resulted in his winning the Bert Bell Award. Chiefs' owner Lamar Hunt said, "Why, this George Blanda is as good as his father, who used to play for Houston." Although he never again played a major role at quarterback, Blanda served as the Raiders' kicker for five more seasons.
He played in his last game at Pittsburgh's Three Rivers Stadium on January 4, 1976, at age 48,[4] in the 1975 AFC Championship Game, in which he kicked a 41-yard field goal and made one extra point as the Raiders lost to the Steelers 16–10.
Career regular season statistics[edit]
Career high/best bolded
[show]Regular season statistics
Season
Team (record)
G
GS
QBrec
Comp
PAtt
Comp %
PYds
PTD
INT
LNG
QB Rate
RAtt
RYds
RTD
FGM
FGA
FG%
XPM
XPA
XP%
PTS
1949 Chicago Bears (9–3) 12 2 N/A 9 21 42.9 197 0 5 44 37.3 2 9 1 7 15 46.7 N/A N/A N/A 27
1950 Baltimore Colts (1–11) 1 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 N/A N/A N/A 0
1950 Chicago Bears (9–3) 11 0 0 1 0.0 0 0 0 0 39.6 0 0 0 6 15 40.0 N/A N/A N/A 18
1951 Chicago Bears (7–5) 12 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 17 35.3 26 26 100.0 44
1952 Chicago Bears (5–7) 12 2 1–1 47 131 35.9 664 8 11 59 38.5 20 104 1 6 25 24.0 30 30 100.0 54
1953 Chicago Bears (3–8–1) 12 12 3–8–1 169 362 46.7 2164 14 23 72 52.3 24 62 0 7 20 35.0 27 27 100.0 48
1954 Chicago Bears (8–4) 8 7 4–3 131 281 46.6 1929 15 17 76 62.1 19 41 0 8 16 50.0 23 23 100.0 47
1955 Chicago Bears (8–4) 12 0 42 97 43.3 459 4 7 51 41.6 15 54 2 11 16 68.8 37 37 100.0 82
1956 Chicago Bears (9–2–1) 12 0 37 69 53.6 439 7 4 69 82.9 6 47 0 12 28 42.9 45 47 95.7 81
1957 Chicago Bears (5–7) 12 0 8 19 42.1 65 0 3 13 11.8 5 −5 0 14 26 53.8 23 23 100.0 71
1958 Chicago Bears (8–4) 12 0 2 7 28.6 19 0 0 12 39.6 0 0 0 11 23 47.8 36 37 97.3 69
1960 Houston Oilers (10–4) 14 11 8–3 169 363 46.6 2413 24 22 88 65.4 16 16 4 15 33 45.5 46 47 97.9 115
1961 Houston Oilers (10–3–1) 14 11 9–2 187 362 51.7 3330 36 22 80 91.3 7 12 0 16 26 61.5 64 65 98.5 112
1962 Houston Oilers (11–3) 14 14 11–3 197 418 47.1 2810 27 42 78 51.3 3 6 0 11 26 42.3 48 49 98.0 81
1963 Houston Oilers (6–8) 14 13 6–7 224 423 53.0 3003 24 25 80 70.1 4 1 0 9 24 37.5 39 39 100.0 66
1964 Houston Oilers (4–10) 14 13 4–9 262 505 51.9 3287 17 27 80 61.4 4 −2 0 13 29 44.8 37 38 97.4 76
1965 Houston Oilers (4–10) 14 12 3–9 186 442 42.1 2542 20 30 95 47.9 4 −6 0 11 21 52.4 28 28 100.0 61
1966 Houston Oilers (3–11) 14 8 3–5 122 271 45.0 1764 17 21 79 55.3 3 1 0 16 30 53.3 39 40 97.5 87
1967 Oakland Raiders (13–1) 14 0 15 38 39.5 285 3 3 50 59.6 0 0 0 20 30 66.7 56 57 98.2 116
1968 Oakland Raiders (12–2) 14 1 1–0 30 49 61.2 522 6 2 94 120.1 0 0 0 21 34 61.8 54 54 100.0 117
1969 Oakland Raiders (12–1–1) 14 0 6 13 46.2 73 2 1 20 71.5 1 0 0 20 37 54.1 45 45 100.0 105
1970 Oakland Raiders (8–4–2) 14 0 29 55 52.7 461 6 5 44 79.4 2 4 0 16 29 55.2 36 36 100.0 84
1971 Oakland Raiders (8–4–2) 14 0 32 58 55.2 378 4 6 37 58.6 0 0 0 15 22 68.2 41 42 97.6 86
1972 Oakland Raiders (10–3–1) 14 0 5 15 33.3 77 1 0 26 73.5 0 0 0 17 26 65.4 44 44 100.0 95
1973 Oakland Raiders (9–4–1) 14 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 0 0.0 0 0 0 23 33 69.7 31 31 100.0 100
1974 Oakland Raiders (12–2) 14 0 1 4 25.0 28 1 0 28 95.8 0 0 0 11 17 64.7 44 46 95.7 77
1975 Oakland Raiders (11–3) 14 0 1 3 33.3 11 0 1 11 5.6 0 0 0 13 21 61.9 44 48 91.7 83
Career (26 seasons)
340
106
53–50–1
1911
4007
47.7
26920
236
277
95
60.6
135
344
9
335
639
52.4
943
959
98.3
2002
Records and honors[edit]
Blanda finished his 26 professional football seasons having completed 1,911 of 4,007 pass attempts for 26,920 yards and 236 touchdowns. Blanda also held the NFL record for most interceptions thrown with 277, until Brett Favre broke it on October 14, 2007. He rushed for 344 yards and 9 touchdowns on the ground, kicked 335 of 641 field goals, and 943 of 959 extra points, giving him 2,002 total points. Additional stats include 1 interception, 2 kickoff returns for 19 yards, 22 punts for 809 yards, and 23 fumble recoveries.
Blanda holds the following professional football records:
Passing touchdowns in a game: 7 (Tied with 7 others[5]) November 19, 1961 vs. New York Titans[6]
Most seasons played: 26 (1949–58, 1960–75)
Most seasons scoring a point: 26
One of two players to play in 4 different decades: (40s, 50s, 60s, 70s)
Most PATs made (943) and attempted (959)
Most interceptions thrown, single season: 42 (1962)
Held record of most pass attempts in a single game: 68 (37 completions, vs. Buffalo Bills on 11/1/1964) until 1994 when Drew Bledsoe had 70
Oldest player to play in an NFL game: 7004176410000000000♠48 years, 109 days
First player ever to score over 2,000 points
Oldest quarterback to start a title game
Most total points accounted for (including touchdown passes) in a career: 3,418 (not an official stat)
He is the placekicker on the All-Time All-AFL Team, and was one of only 20 players to play all ten years of the AFL, as well as one of only three who were in every AFL game their teams played. Blanda was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1981, his first year of eligibility, and also was inducted into the University of Kentucky Hall of Fame.
Blanda held the record for most professional football games played with 340 until September 26, 2004, when it was broken by another placekicker, Morten Andersen as well as the record for most consecutive games played[7] until September 26, 1976 by defensive end Jim Marshall. His 114 postseason points were an NFL record at the time of his retirement.
Blanda broke Lou Groza's career scoring record in 1971, a record he held until 2000 when it was broken by Gary Anderson.
U.S. Route 119 in Blanda's hometown of Youngwood, Pennsylvania was renamed George Blanda Boulevard in 1985.[8]
In 1999, Blanda was ranked number 98 on The Sporting News' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players.
Blanda was the first ever recorded fantasy football draft pick when the game was first created in 1962 by The Greater Oakland Professional Pigskin Prognosticators League.[9]
Personal life[edit]
Blanda was married to Betty Harris from December 17, 1949 until his death on September 27, 2010, ten days after his 83rd birthday. They had two children. Blanda was the son of a Slovak-born Pittsburgh-area coal miner.[citation needed]
According to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, Blanda died after a "short illness" on September 27, 2010.[10] He was 83 years old.[11] A moment of silence was held in Blanda's honor prior to the start of the September 27, 2010 game between the Green Bay Packers and the Chicago Bears on Monday Night Football, from Soldier Field.[12]
Legacy[edit]
The 1970s TV series Happy Days was set in 1950s Milwaukee, Wisconsin. In the Season 3 episode "Football Frolics", Richie Cunningham (played by Ron Howard) and Ralph Malph (Donny Most) are watching the November 9, 1956, Chicago Bears – Chicago Cardinals televised game. After Ed Brown's pass to Harlon Hill is intercepted by the Cardinals, Richie wants "the other quarterback" put in. Ralph says that quarterback is "washed up. He's old. He's 30. He's got no future." Richie argues back, "George Blanda has two or three good years left." The joke was that Blanda, 19 years later at the time of the show's filming, was still playing.[13]
See also[edit]
List of American Football League players
Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Frank Litsky; Bruce Weber (September 27, 2010). "George Blanda, Hall of Fame Football Player, Dies at 83". New York Times. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Kentucky Football Retired Jerseys - UK Wildcats News".
Jump up ^ Ross, George (September 27, 2010). "Blanda's miracle season: Browns beaten by 52-yard field goal from 'King of the World'". The Oakland Tribune. Retrieved September 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "History: Players Who've Played in NFL at Age 40 or Older". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2012-12-01.
Jump up ^ "Nick Foles ties Peyton Manning with 7 touchdown passes, crushes Raiders". 3 November 2013.
Jump up ^ ESPN Sports Almanac 2006, page 273. Sports Almanac, Inc. 2005.
Jump up ^ "GEORGE BLANDA Career Highlights". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
Jump up ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20110409113817/http://pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/news/westmoreland/s_550009.html. Archived from the original on April 9, 2011. Retrieved January 25, 2010. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ Dickey, Glenn (January 8, 2011). "Fantasy Football: Craze's roots go back to Oakland". The San Francisco Chronicle.
Jump up ^ Richardson, Bill (September 27, 2010). "Ageless wonder George Blanda dies". Kansas City Star. Archived from the original on October 1, 2010. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
Jump up ^ "Hall of Famer's longevity was legendary", Salt Lake Tribune, September 28, 2010
Jump up ^ "Raiders Hall of Fame QB George Blanda dies at 83". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. September 27, 2010. Retrieved 28 September 2010.
Jump up ^ Monkovic, Toni. "The Fifth Down, The New York Times NFL Blog". New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2016.
"George Blanda: The Old Man". (1999). In ESPN SportsCentury. Michael MacCambridge, Editor. New York: Hyperion ESPN Books. p. 228.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to George Blanda.
George Blanda at the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Career statistics and player information from NFL.com • Pro-Football-Reference • Databasefootball.com
George Blanda at Find a Grave
Blanda's citation in the American Football League Hall of Fame
Preceded by
Abner Haynes American Football League MVP
1961 Succeeded by
Len Dawson & Cookie Gilchrist
Preceded by
Lou Groza
(1,608) Career NFL points record holder
(2,002)
1971–2000 Succeeded by
Gary Anderson
[show]
Links to related articles
[show]
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Decatur Staleys / Chicago Staleys / Chicago Bears starting quarterbacks
Pard Pearce (1920–1921)
Chuck Dressen (1920)
Jimmy Conzelman (1920)
Joey Sternaman (1922–1925, 1927–1929)
Johnny Bryan (1923)
Milton Romney (1926)
Paddy Driscoll (1926–1929)
Edward Sternaman (1927)
Carl Brumbaugh (1930–1936)
Keith Molesworth (1932–1936)
Bernie Masterson (1935–1940)
Ray Buivid (1937–1938)
Gene Ronzani (1937–1938, 1944–1945)
Sid Luckman (1939–1949)
Charlie O'Rourke (1942)
Bob Snyder (1943)
Johnny Long (1944)
Al Grygo (1945)
Tom Farris (1946)
Noah Mullins (1946–1948)
Mike Jarmoluk (1947)
Mike Holovak (1947)
Ed Sprinkle (1948)
Dick Flanagan (1948)
Johnny Lujack (1949–1951)
George Blanda (1949, 1952–1954)
Bob Perina (1949)
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Bob Williams (1952)
Zeke Bratkowski (1954, 1957–1960)
Ed Brown (1955–1961)
Bill Wade (1961–1965)
Rudy Bukich (1964–1966)
Jack Concannon (1967–1971)
Larry Rakestraw (1967–1968)
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Virgil Carter (1968–1969)
Kent Nix (1971)
Gary Huff (1973–1975)
Bob Avellini (1975–1979, 1982, 1984)
Mike Phipps (1978–1980)
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Jonathan Quinn (2004)
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Brian Griese (2007)
Jay Cutler (2009–2016)
Todd Collins (2010)
Caleb Hanie (2011)
Josh McCown (2011, 2013)
Jason Campbell (2012)
Jimmy Clausen (2014–2015)
Brian Hoyer (2016)
Matt Barkley (2016)
Mike Glennon (2017)
Mitchell Trubisky (2017–present)
[show]
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Los Angeles / Oakland Raiders starting quarterbacks
Tom Flores (1960–1961, 1963–1966)
Babe Parilli (1960)
Cotton Davidson (1962–1964, 1966)
Hunter Enis (1962)
Don Heinrich (1962)
Dick Wood (1965)
Daryle Lamonica (1967–1973)
George Blanda (1968)
Ken Stabler (1971–1979)
Larry Lawrence (1974–1975)
Mike Rae (1976–1977)
Jim Plunkett (1980–1986)
Dan Pastorini (1980)
Marc Wilson (1981, 1983–1987)
Rusty Hilger (1987)
Vince Evans (1987, 1993, 1995)
Jay Schroeder (1988–1992)
Steve Beuerlein (1988–1989)
Todd Marinovich (1991–1992)
Jeff Hostetler (1993–1996)
Billy Joe Hobert (1995–1996)
Jeff George (1997–1998)
Donald Hollas (1998)
Wade Wilson (1998)
Rich Gannon (1999–2004)
Rick Mirer (2003)
Marques Tuiasosopo (2003, 2005)
Kerry Collins (2004–2005)
Aaron Brooks (2006)
Andrew Walter (2006, 2008)
Josh McCown (2007)
Daunte Culpepper (2007)
JaMarcus Russell (2007–2009)
Bruce Gradkowski (2009–2010)
Charlie Frye (2009)
Jason Campbell (2010–2011)
Kyle Boller (2011)
Carson Palmer (2011–2012)
Terrelle Pryor (2012–2013)
Matt Flynn (2013)
Matt McGloin (2013, 2016)
Derek Carr (2014–present)
EJ Manuel (2017)
[show]
v
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Houston Oilers / Tennessee Oilers / Tennessee Titans starting quarterbacks
George Blanda (1960–1966)
Jacky Lee (1960–1961, 1963, 1967)
Don Trull (1964–1966, 1968–1969)
Buddy Humphrey (1966)
Pete Beathard (1967–1969)
Bob Davis (1967–1969)
Charley Johnson (1970–1971)
Jerry Rhome (1970)
Dan Pastorini (1971–1979)
Lynn Dickey (1971, 1973–1974)
Kent Nix (1972)
John Hadl (1976–1977)
Gifford Nielsen (1979, 1981–1983)
Ken Stabler (1980–1981)
John Reaves (1981)
Archie Manning (1982–1983)
Oliver Luck (1983, 1985–1986)
Warren Moon (1984–1993)
Brent Pease (1987)
Cody Carlson (1988, 1990, 1992–1994)
Billy Joe Tolliver (1994)
Bucky Richardson (1994)
Chris Chandler (1995–1996)
Steve McNair (1995–2005)
Will Furrer (1995)
Neil O'Donnell (1999–2001, 2003)
Billy Volek (2003–2005)
Matt Mauck (2005)
Vince Young (2006–2010)
Kerry Collins (2006–2010)
Rusty Smith (2010)
Matt Hasselbeck (2011–2012)
Jake Locker (2012–2014)
Ryan Fitzpatrick (2013)
Charlie Whitehurst (2014)
Zach Mettenberger (2014–2015)
Marcus Mariota (2015–present)
Matt Cassel (2016–2017)
[show]
v
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Houston Oilers 1960 AFL champions
12 Charlie Milstead
15 Jacky Lee
16 George Blanda
20 Billy Cannon
21 Ken Hall
24 Julian Spence
30 Mike Dukes
31 Doug Cline
32 Dave Smith
33 Bob White
34 Charlie Kendall
37 Charlie Hennigan
40 Tony Banfield
41 Mark Johnston
43 Jim Norton
44 Charlie Tolar
47 Don Brown
47 Bobby Gordon
50 Dennit Morris
51 John Simerson
53 Hugh Pitts
56 Phil Perlo
57 George Belotti
61 Bob Talamini
62 Wahoo McDaniel
63 Hogan Wharton
64 Fred Wallner
65 Gary Greaves
70 Al Jamison
71 Pete Davidson
72 Jerry Helluin
73 Dan Lanphear
74 George Shirkey
75 Don Floyd
76 Dalva Allen
77 Rich Michael
79 Orville Trask
82 Johnny Carson
84 Jack Atchason
86 John White
88 Al Witcher
89 Bill Groman
Head coach: Lou Rymkus
Assistant coaches: Wally Lemm
Walt Schlinkman
Mac Speedie
Fred Wallner
[show]
v
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Houston Oilers 1961 AFL champions
12 Charlie Milstead
15 Jacky Lee
16 George Blanda
20 Billy Cannon
21 Ken Hall
22 Gary Wisener
24 Julian Spence
25 Gene Jones
27 Fred Glick
30 Mike Dukes
31 Doug Cline
32 Dave Smith
33 John Guzik
34 Jack Laraway
37 Ron Botchan
40 Tony Banfield
41 Mark Johnston
43 Jim Norton
44 Charley Tolar
46 Claude King
50 Dennit Morris
52 Bob Schmidt
57 George Belotti
60 Buzz Guy
61 Bob Talamini
62 Dick Frey
63 Hogan Wharton
64 Willis Perkins
66 Leo Reed
70 Al Jamison
73 Bob Kelly
74 George Shirkey
75 Don Floyd
77 Rich Michael
78 Byron Beams
79 Orville Trask
80 Dalva Allen
81 Bob McLeod
82 Ed Husmann
86 John White
87 Charley Hennigan
88 Willard Dewveall
89 Bill Groman
Head coaches: Lou Rymkus
Wally Lemm
Assistant coaches: Walt Schlinkman
Mac Speedie
Joe Spencer
Fred Wallner
[show]
v
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Oakland Raiders 1967 AFL champions
00 Jim Otto
3 Daryle Lamonica
11 Mike Eischeid
16 George Blanda
20 Warren Powers
21 Rodger Bird
22 Larry Todd
23 Rod Sherman
24 Willie Brown
25 Fred Biletnikoff
29 Howie Williams
30 Roger Hagberg
33 Billy Cannon
34 Gus Otto
35 Hewritt Dixon
36 Clem Daniels
38 Estes Banks
40 Pete Banaszak
42 Bill Laskey
45 Dave Grayson
47 Kent McCloughan
48 Bill Budness
50 Duane Benson
52 J. R. Williamson
53 Dan Birdwell
55 Dan Conners
62 Bob Kruse
63 Gene Upshaw
65 Wayne Hawkins
70 Jim Harvey
73 Richard Sligh
74 Tom Keating
76 Bob Svihus
77 Ike Lassiter
78 Dan Archer
79 Harry Schuh
81 Warren Wells
83 Ben Davidson
84 Ken Herock
85 Carleton Oats
86 Bill Fairband
88 Dave Kocourek
89 Bill Miller

Head coach: John Rauch
[show]
v
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AFL season passing yards leaders
1960: Tripucka
1961: Blanda
1962: Tripucka
1963: Blanda
1964: Parilli
1965: Hadl
1966: Namath
1967: Namath
1968: Hadl
1969: Lamonica
[show]
v
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AFL annual passing touchdowns leaders
1960: Dorow
1961: Blanda
1962: Dawson
1963: Dawson
1964: Parilli
1965: Dawson
1966: Dawson
1967: Lamonica
1968: Hadl
1969: Lamonica
[show]
v
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American Football League All-Time Team
Joe Namath
Clem Daniels
Paul Lowe
Lance Alworth
Cookie Gilchrist
Don Maynard
Fred Arbanas
Jim Otto
Ed Budde
Billy Shaw
Ron Mix
Jim Tyrer
George Blanda
Nick Buoniconti
Bobby Bell
George Webster
Johnny Robinson
George Saimes
Willie Brown
Dave Grayson
Houston Antwine
Tom Sestak
Jerry Mays
Gerry Philbin
Jerrel Wilson
Weeb Ewbank
[show]
v
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Bert Bell Award winners
1959: Unitas
1960: Van Brocklin
1961: Hornung
1962: Robustelli
1963: J. Brown
1964: Unitas
1965: Retzlaff
1966: Meredith
1967: Unitas
1968: Kelly
1969: Gabriel
1970: Blanda
1971: Staubach
1972: L. Brown
1973: Simpson
1974: Olsen
1975: Tarkenton
1976: Stabler
1977: Griese
1978: Bradshaw
1979: Campbell
1980: Jaworski
1981: Anderson
1982: Theismann
1983: Riggins
1984: Marino
1985: Payton
1986: Taylor
1987: Rice
1988: Cunningham
1989: Montana
1990: Cunningham
1991: Sanders
1992: Young
1993: Smith
1994: Young
1995: Favre
1996: Favre
1997: Sanders
1998: Cunningham
1999: Warner
2000: Gannon
2001: Faulk
2002: Gannon
2003: Manning
2004: Manning
2005: Alexander
2006: Tomlinson
2007: Brady
2008: Peterson
2009: Brees
2010: Vick
2011: Rodgers
2012: Peterson
2013: Manning
2014: Watt
2015: Newton
2016: Ryan
[show]
v
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e
Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year
1931: Pepper Martin
1932: Gene Sarazen
1933: Carl Hubbell
1934: Dizzy Dean
1935: Joe Louis
1936: Jesse Owens
1937: Don Budge
1938: Don Budge
1939: Nile Kinnick
1940: Tom Harmon
1941: Joe DiMaggio
1942: Frank Sinkwich
1943: Gunder Hägg
1944: Byron Nelson
1945: Byron Nelson
1946: Glenn Davis
1947: Johnny Lujack
1948: Lou Boudreau
1949: Leon Hart
1950: Jim Konstanty
1951: Dick Kazmaier
1952: Bob Mathias
1953: Ben Hogan
1954: Willie Mays
1955: Howard Cassady
1956: Mickey Mantle
1957: Ted Williams
1958: Herb Elliott
1959: Ingemar Johansson
1960: Rafer Johnson
1961: Roger Maris
1962: Maury Wills
1963: Sandy Koufax
1964: Don Schollander
1965: Sandy Koufax
1966: Frank Robinson
1967: Carl Yastrzemski
1968: Denny McLain
1969: Tom Seaver
1970: George Blanda
1971: Lee Trevino
1972: Mark Spitz
1973: O. J. Simpson
1974: Muhammad Ali
1975: Fred Lynn
1976: Bruce Jenner
1977: Steve Cauthen
1978: Ron Guidry
1979: Willie Stargell
1980: U.S. Olympic Hockey Team
1981: John McEnroe
1982: Wayne Gretzky
1983: Carl Lewis
1984: Carl Lewis
1985: Dwight Gooden
1986: Larry Bird
1987: Ben Johnson
1988: Orel Hershiser
1989: Joe Montana
1990: Joe Montana
1991: Michael Jordan
1992: Michael Jordan
1993: Michael Jordan
1994: George Foreman
1995: Cal Ripken, Jr.
1996: Michael Johnson
1997: Tiger Woods
1998: Mark McGwire
1999: Tiger Woods
2000: Tiger Woods
2001: Barry Bonds
2002: Lance Armstrong
2003: Lance Armstrong
2004: Lance Armstrong
2005: Lance Armstrong
2006: Tiger Woods
2007: Tom Brady
2008: Michael Phelps
2009: Jimmie Johnson
2010: Drew Brees
2011: Aaron Rodgers
2012: Michael Phelps
2013: LeBron James
2014: Madison Bumgarner
2015: Stephen Curry
2016: LeBron James
[show]
v
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e
Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award
1970: Unitas
1971: Hadl
1972: Lanier
1973: Dawson
1974: Blanda
1975: Anderson
1976: Harris
1977: Payton
1978: Staubach
1979: Greene
1980: Carmichael
1981: Swann
1982: Theismann
1983: Benirschke
1984: Lyons
1985: Stephenson
1986: Williams
1987: Duerson
1988: Largent
1989: Moon
1990: Singletary
1991: Muñoz
1992: Elway
1993: Thomas
1994: Seau
1995: Esiason
1996: Green
1997: Aikman
1998: Marino
1999: Carter
2000: Flanigan & Brooks
2001: Bettis
2002: Vincent
2003: Shields
2004: Dunn
2005: P. Manning
2006: Brees & Tomlinson
2007: Taylor
2008: Warner
2009: Waters
2010: Williams
2011: Birk
2012: Witten
2013: Tillman
2014: Davis
2015: Boldin
2016: Fitzgerald & E. Manning
[show]
v
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Pro Football Hall of Fame Class of 1981
Red Badgro
George Blanda
Willie Davis
Jim Ringo
[show]
v
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e
Members of the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Quarterbacks
Pre-modern era
Baugh
Clark
Conzelman
Driscoll
Friedman
Herber
Luckman
A. Parker
Modern era
Aikman
Blanda
Bradshaw
L. Dawson
Elway
Favre
Fouts
Graham
Griese
Jurgensen
J. Kelly
Layne
Marino
Montana
Moon
Namath
Stabler
Starr
Staubach
Tarkenton
Tittle
Unitas
Van Brocklin
Warner
Waterfield
Young
Running backs
Pre-modern era
Battles
Canadeo
Dudley
Grange
Guyon
Hinkle
Lambeau
Leemans
McAfee
McNally
Nagurski
Nevers
Pollard
Strong
Thorpe
Van Buren
Modern era
M. Allen
Bettis
J. Brown
Campbell
Csonka
T. Davis
Dickerson
Dorsett
Faulk
Gifford
Harris
Hornung
J. H. Johnson
L. Kelly
F. Little
Martin
Matson
McElhenny
Moore
Motley
Payton
Perry
Riggins
B. Sanders
Sayers
Simpson
E. Smith
Jim Taylor
T. Thomas
Tomlinson
Trippi
Walker
Wide receivers /
ends
Pre-modern era
Badgro
Chamberlin
Flaherty
Halas
Hewitt
Hutson
Millner
Modern era
Alworth
Berry
Biletnikoff
T. Brown
Carter
Fears
Harrison
Hayes
Hirsch
Irvin
Joiner
Largent
Lavelli
Lofton
Maynard
McDonald
Mitchell
Monk
Pihos
Reed
Rice
Stallworth
Swann
C. Taylor
Warfield
Tight ends
Casper
Ditka
Mackey
Newsome
C. Sanders
Sharpe
J. Smith
Winslow
Offensive
linemen
L. Allen
B. Brown
R. Brown
Creekmur
D. Dawson
DeLamielleure
Dierdorf
Gatski
Gregg
Grimm
Hannah
Hickerson
S. Jones
W. Jones
Langer
L. Little
Mack
Matthews
McCormack
McDaniel
Mix
Munchak
Muñoz
Ogden
Otto
Pace
J. Parker
Ringo
Roaf
Shaw
Shell
Shields
Slater
St. Clair
Stanfel
Stephenson
Tingelhoff
Upshaw
Webster
Wright
Yary
Zimmerman
Pre-modern era
two-way players
Edwards
Fortmann
Healey
Hein
Henry
Hubbard
Kiesling
Kinard
Lyman
Michalske
Musso
Owen
Stydahar
Trafton
Turner
Wojciechowicz
Defensive
linemen
Atkins
Bethea
Buchanan
Culp
W. Davis
Dean
Dent
Doleman
Donovan
Eller
Ford
J. Greene
Haley
Hampton
Humphrey
D. Jones
Jordan
Kennedy
Lilly
Long
Marchetti
Nomellini
Olsen
Page
Randle
Robustelli
Sapp
Selmon
B. Smith
Stautner
Strahan
Ja. Taylor
Weinmeister
Ra. White
Re. White
Willis
Youngblood
Linebackers
Bednarik
Bo. Bell
Brooks
Buoniconti
Butkus
Carson
Connor
George
K. Greene
Ham
Hanburger
Hendricks
Huff
Jackson
Lambert
Lanier
Nitschke
Richter
Robinson
Schmidt
Seau
Singletary
L. Taylor
D. Thomas
Tippett
Wilcox
Defensive backs
Adderley
Barney
Blount
W. Brown
Butler
Christiansen
Easley
Green
Haynes
Houston
J. Johnson
Krause
Lane
Lary
LeBeau
Lott
Renfro
D. Sanders
E. Thomas
Tunnell
Wehrli
Williams
L. Wilson
Wood
Woodson
Placekickers &
punters
Andersen
Groza
Guy
Stenerud
Coaches
G. Allen
P. Brown
Chamberlin
Conzelman
Dungy
Ewbank
Flaherty
Gibbs
Gillman
Grant
Halas
Lambeau
Landry
Levy
Lombardi
Madden
Neale
Noll
Owen
Parcells
Shula
Stram
Walsh
Contributors
Be. Bell
Bidwill
Carr
A. Davis
DeBartolo
Finks
Halas
Hunt
J. Jones
Lambeau
T. Mara
W. Mara
Marshall
Polian
Ray
Reeves
A. Rooney
D. Rooney
Rozelle
Sabol
Schramm
R. Wilson
Wolf
[show]
v
t
e
NFL Alumni Career Achievement Award
1981 Rocky Bleier & Roger Staubach
1982 Merlin Olsen & O. J. Simpson
1983 George Blanda & Earl Morrall
1985 Frank Gifford & Jack Kemp
1986 Dan Fortmann & Ray Nitschke
1987 Willie Davis & Don Hutson
1988 Art Donovan
1989 Bart Starr
1990 Nick Buoniconti
1992 Ken Farragut
1993 Gino Marchetti
1994 Byron White
1995 Alan Page
1996 Mike Reid
1997 Jerry Richardson
1998 Dr. Robert Khayat
1999 Dr. Ed Sutton
2000 Paul Salata
2001 Terry Bradshaw
2002 Steve Largent
2003 Fred Dryer
2004 Bob Griese
2005 Drew Pearson
2007 Mike Haynes
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 26827072
LCCN: no2006109023
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=George_Blanda&oldid=806546459"
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American people of Slovak descent
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People from Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
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Pay toilet
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
A Sanisette, a freestanding, coin-operated pay toilet stall in Paris.
A pay toilet is a public toilet that requires the user to pay. It may be street furniture or be inside a building, e.g. a shopping mall, department store, or railway station. The reason for charging money is usually for the maintenance of the equipment. Paying to use a toilet can be traced back almost 2000 years, to the first century AD.
Contents
1 Examples
1.1 Europe
1.2 Latin and South America
1.3 Asia
1.4 U.S.
1.5 Africa
2 History
3 Cultural references
4 Criticism
5 See also
6 References
Examples[edit]
A pay toilet in San Francisco, California, 2006.
Europe[edit]
Pay toilets are especially common in Continental Europe. Paris, in particular, established many of them, and today the streets of the city are forested with self-cleaning coin-operated booths (landmarks like Basilique du Sacré-Cœur generally have several).[citation needed] The Paris Métro operates coin-operated toilets in its underground stations; and even non-mechanized toilets occasionally have attendants who accept tips.
In Germany, many lavatories at service stations on the Autobahn have pay toilets with turnstiles, though as in France, customers typically receive a voucher equal to the toilet fee. Elsewhere, while public toilets may not have a set fee, it is customary to provide change to restroom attendants for their services.[1] Some service stations offer a voucher equal in value to the amount paid for use of a toilet, redeemable for other goods at that station or others in the same chain.
In Eastern Europe, particularly in the former USSR, pay toilets are usually non-automatic and are like usual public toilets except that they have an attendant at the entrance to collect the money from visitors.
In the United Kingdom, pay toilets tend to be common at bus and rail stations, but most public toilets are free to use. Technically, any toilets provided by local government may be subject to a charge as thought fit by the provider.[2] Pay toilets on the streets may provide urinals free of charge to prevent public urination. For example, in London, a few public conveniences are appearing in the form of pop-up toilets. During the daytime, these toilets are stored underneath the streets, and only appear in the evening.[3]
Latin and South America[edit]
In Argentina, pay toilets are not common. Usually toilets placed in public places are free to use but the janitor is seated outside with a dish by his side expecting a tip from the customer. They often have a sign saying "Su propina es nuestro sueldo" (your tip is our salary). It is customary to give them a coin or a $2 bill, especially if you are going to use the toilets and require paper.
In Mexico, the majority of pay toilets have turnstiles and an attendant at the entrance. The attendant gives out toilet paper and sometimes a paper towel.
Asia[edit]
In India, Sulabh International is the major operator of pay toilets (sulabh shauchalaya). These are provided with an attendant, and the fee is 2 rupees. They provide toilet as well as bathroom facilities. They are situated in public places like bus stations and major markets, but several sulabh shauchalayas also act as community toilets in areas with poor sanitation facilities.
In Singapore, pay toilets are still common in "Hawker Centers"; the use of the toilet usually costs 10-20 cents. The fee is usually paid to an attendant behind a counter; however, certain hawker centres have a turnstile into which the coin is inserted. Sometimes toilet paper is also charged for, and given out at the entrance usually by the attendant, though most of the time there is a toilet paper holder in the cubicle (stall) itself.
In some areas of Taiwan, mostly in subways, one must pay for the toilet paper, but the toilet itself is free.
In Turkey pay toilets are common at bus stations and underground cities (but not single-building shopping malls), where a charge of between 50 kuruş and 1 lira is levied at a turnstile for entrance to the bathroom.
U.S.[edit]
Restroom token
In the United States, pay toilets became much less common from the 1970s, when they came under attack from feminists as well as from the plumbing industry. California legislator March Fong Eu argued that they discriminated against women because men could use urinals for free whereas women always had to pay a dime for a toilet stall in places where payment was mandatory.[4] The American Restroom Association was a proponent of an amendment to the National Model Building Code to allow pay toilets only where there were also free toilets.[5] A campaign by the Committee to End Pay Toilets in America (CEPTIA) resulted in laws prohibiting pay toilets in some cities and states. In 1973, Chicago became the first American city to enact a ban, at a time when, according to the Wall Street Journal, there were at least 50,000 units in America,[6] mostly made by the Nik-O-Lok Company.[7] CEPTIA was successful over the next few years in obtaining bans in New York, New Jersey, Minnesota, California, Florida and Ohio.[7] Lobbying was successful in other states as well, and by the end of the decade, pay toilets were greatly reduced in America. However, they are still in use and produced by the Nik-O-Lok company; many of these laws have since been repealed, such as in Ohio. In 2007, legislators rescinded ORC Ordinance 4101:1-29-02.6.2, the ban on pay facilities, paving the way for operators to charge for public restroom use.[8]
Africa[edit]
In Africa, pay toilets are particularly common in informal settlements lacking sewage systems. Of all countries, Ghana has the greatest reliance on public toilets.[9] In Accra, lack of space makes private toilets unrealistic in low-income neighborhoods.[10] In Kumasi, it has been estimated that 36% of residents use pay toilets, and that "once-daily use of a public toilet by a family of four would cost between US$ 3.60 and 18 per month depending on the fee charged by the operator of the toilet they use."[11]
History[edit]
Some of the earliest documented pay toilets were built around 74 AD in Rome.[12] Emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus created this method to ease the financial hardships resulting from the many wars that had been fought. This was not a popular choice with his people, and he was ridiculed for the decision, to which he reacted with the famous quote, Pecunia non olet, "Money does not stink".
The Greco-Roman city of Ephesus was important in ancient times, becoming the trade centre and commercial hub of the ancient world.[13] The Scholastica Baths were built in the 1st century AD, and contained all of the modern amenities for hygiene, including advanced public toilets with marble seats. One had to pay to enter these luxury conveniences, where one could enjoy the use of a pool, use the toilet or socialize.[14]
John Nevil Maskelyne, the inventor of the pay toilet.
John Nevil Maskelyne, an English stage magician, invented the first modern pay toilet in the late 19th century. His door lock for London toilets required the insertion of a penny coin to operate it, hence the euphemism to "spend a penny".[15]
The first pay toilet in the United States was installed in 1910 in Terre Haute, Indiana.[16]
Cultural references[edit]
Whether or not public toilets should require payment is a plot point in Noel Coward's 1949 play South Sea Bubble.
Pay toilets are key to the 2001 American musical Urinetown.
Criticism[edit]
People on low incomes, for instance in Accra, often choose to defecate in the open rather than pay to use toilets. Or they may limit the number of times per day that they use a pay toilet. Thus pay toilets have damaging public health consequences.[10] Some landlords also use the existence of nearby pay toilets as an excuse for not installing private toilets in the homes of their tenants.
As American activist Richard Stallman argues on his website, pay toilets are discriminatory against the poor:
Pay toilets are nasty, and ought to be illegal. Those of us who are not poor can afford the price, if we accept the practice; poor people can't. To deny people access to a toilet when they need one is nasty and degrading. I have concluded that the least we can do, to eliminate pay toilets, is to avoid giving them money. Instead of paying them, I go to great lengths to find some other toilet. Please join me in rejecting pay toilets firmly.
—  Richard Stallman, stallman.org[17]
See also[edit]
Committee to End Pay Toilets in America
Outhouse
Portable toilet
Sanisette
Urinal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Loneliness of the Klofrau". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 22 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Section 87(3)(c) of the Public Health Act 1936
Jump up ^ "Street Toilets Go Telescopic". BBC News. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "March Fong Eu". infoplease.com. Retrieved 3 April 2014.
Jump up ^ http://americanrestroom.org/index.html#idx
Jump up ^ "Clinched fist rising from commodes ends". Hamilton. August 19, 1976: B–6.
^ Jump up to: a b Id.
Jump up ^ "Lawriter - OAC - 4101:1-29-02.6.2 Pay facilities. [Rescinded]". codes.ohio.gov. Retrieved 2018-02-12.
Jump up ^ "WHO | Progress on drinking water and sanitation". WHO. Retrieved 2018-08-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Peprah, Dorothy; Baker, Kelly K; Moe, Christine; Robb, Katharine; Wellington, Nii; Yakubu, Habib; Null, Clair (2015-10-01). "Public toilets and their customers in low-income Accra, Ghana". Environment and Urbanization. 27 (2): 589–604. doi:10.1177/0956247815595918. ISSN 0956-2478.
Jump up ^ Greenland, Katie; de-Witt Huberts, Jessica; Wright, Richard; Hawkes, Lisa; Ekor, Cyprian; Biran, Adam (2016-07-08). "A cross-sectional survey to assess household sanitation practices associated with uptake of "Clean Team" serviced home toilets in Kumasi, Ghana". Environment and Urbanization. 28 (2): 583–598. doi:10.1177/0956247816647343. ISSN 0956-2478.
Jump up ^ Langston, A. "The History Behind Pay As You Go Toilets". Retrieved 23 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ephesus Ancient City". EPHESUS. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "THE PUBLIC TOILETS OF EPHESUS". Retrieved 21 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Lamont, Peter (2004). The Rise of the Indian Rope Trick, (The Biography of a Legend) (1 ed.). Time Warner Books. ISBN 0-316-72430-0.
Jump up ^ Gruenstein, Peter (4 Sept 1975) Pay toilet movement attacks capitalism, The Beaver County Times, Retrieved October 19, 2010 (with sarcastic subtitle for 1975, "How about charging air for tires?")
Jump up ^ "Please don't pay to use a pay toilet". Stallman.org. Retrieved April 30, 2018.
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