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Orange Is the New Black
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Orange Is the New Black
Genre
Comedy-drama
Created by
Jenji Kohan
Based on
Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison
by Piper Kerman
Starring
Taylor Schilling
Laura Prepon
Michael Harney
Michelle Hurst
Kate Mulgrew
Jason Biggs
Uzo Aduba
Danielle Brooks
Natasha Lyonne
Taryn Manning
Selenis Leyva
Adrienne C. Moore
Dascha Polanco
Nick Sandow
Yael Stone
Samira Wiley
Jackie Cruz
Lea DeLaria
Elizabeth Rodriguez
Jessica Pimentel
Theme music composer
Regina Spektor
Opening theme
"You've Got Time"
Composer(s)
Scott Doherty
Brandon Jay
Gwendolyn Sanford
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English (main language)
Spanish
No. of seasons
5
No. of episodes
65 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Jenji Kohan
Liz Friedman (pilot)
Sara Hess
Tara Herrmann
Producer(s)
Neri Kyle Tannenbaum
Location(s)
New York
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
51–92 minutes
Production company(s)
Lionsgate Television
Tilted Productions
Distributor
Lionsgate Television
Netflix Streaming Services
Release
Original network
Netflix
Picture format
1080p (16:9 HDTV)
4K
Audio format
Dolby Digital Plus 5.1 with Descriptive Video Service track
Original release
July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11) – present
External links
Website
www.netflix.com/orangeisthenewblack
Orange Is the New Black (sometimes abbreviated to OITNB) is an American comedy-drama web television series created by Jenji Kohan for Netflix.[1][2] The series is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), about her experiences at FCI Danbury, a minimum-security federal prison. Orange Is the New Black premiered on July 11, 2013 on the streaming service Netflix.[3] In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season.[4] The fifth season was released on June 9, 2017.[5] The series is produced by Tilted Productions in association with Lionsgate Television.
Orange Is the New Black has become Netflix's most-watched original series.[4][6] It has received critical acclaim and many accolades. For its first season, the series garnered 12 Primetime Emmy Award nominations, including Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series, winning three. A new Emmy rule in 2015 forced the series to change categories from comedy to drama.[7] For its second season, the series received four Emmy nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series, and Uzo Aduba won for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series. Orange Is the New Black is the first series to score Emmy nominations in both comedy and drama categories.[8] The series has also received six Golden Globe Award nominations, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations, a Producers Guild of America Award, an American Film Institute award, and a Peabody Award.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Recurring cast
2.2.1 Inmates
2.2.2 Staff
2.2.3 Others
3 Production
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Accolades
5 Broadcast
5.1 Ratings
6 Notes
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Main article: List of Orange Is the New Black episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally released
1 13 July 11, 2013 (2013-07-11)
2 13 June 6, 2014 (2014-06-06)
3 13 June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)
4 13 June 17, 2016 (2016-06-17)
5 13 June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
The series revolves around Piper Chapman (Taylor Schilling), a woman in her 30s living in New York City who is sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary, a minimum-security women's federal prison (initially operated by the "Federal Department of Corrections," a fictional version of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, and later acquired by Management & Correction Corporation (MCC), a private prison company) in upstate New York. Piper had been convicted of transporting a suitcase full of drug money for her girlfriend Alex Vause (Laura Prepon), an international drug smuggler. The offense had occurred 10 years prior to the start of the series and in that time Piper had moved on to a quiet, law-abiding life among New York's upper middle class. Her sudden and unexpected indictment severely disrupted her relationships with her fiancé, family and friends.
In prison, Piper is reunited with Alex (who named Piper in her trial, resulting in Piper's arrest) and they re-examine their relationship. Simultaneously, Piper must learn how to survive in prison and how to overcome its numerous, inherent struggles. Episodes often feature flashbacks of significant events from various inmates' and prison guards' pasts. These flashbacks typically explain how the inmate came to be in prison or develop the character's backstory.
The show pays close attention to how corruption, drug smuggling, funding cuts, overcrowding and guard brutality affect the prisoners' health and well-being and the prison's basic ability to fulfill its fundamental responsibilities and ethical obligations as a federal corrections institution. One of the show's key conflicts involves the prison Director of Human Activities, Joe Caputo, whose efforts and aims as a warden constantly conflict with the business interests of MCC, which acquired the facility when it was about to be shut down.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main article: List of Orange Is the New Black characters
Main cast[edit]
Taylor Schilling as Piper Chapman, inmate
Laura Prepon as Alex Vause, inmate
Michael Harney as Sam Healy, correctional officer[a]
Michelle Hurst as Miss Claudette Pelage, inmate (season 1)
Kate Mulgrew as Galina "Red" Reznikov, inmate
Jason Biggs as Larry Bloom, Piper's fiancé (season 1–2, guest season 5)
Uzo Aduba as Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren, inmate
Danielle Brooks as Tasha "Taystee" Jefferson, inmate
Natasha Lyonne as Nicky Nichols, inmate
Taryn Manning as Tiffany "Pennsatucky" Doggett, inmate
Selenis Leyva as Gloria Mendoza, inmate
Adrienne C. Moore as Cindy "Black Cindy" Hayes, inmate
Dascha Polanco as Dayanara "Daya" Diaz, inmate
Nick Sandow as Joe Caputo, Director of Human Activities, later Warden
Yael Stone as Lorna Morello, inmate
Samira Wiley as Poussey Washington, inmate (seasons 1–4, guest season 5)
Jackie Cruz as Marisol "Flaca" Gonzales, inmate
Lea DeLaria as Carrie "Big Boo" Black, inmate
Elizabeth Rodriguez as Aleida Diaz, former inmate
Jessica Pimentel as Maria Ruiz, inmate
Recurring cast[edit]
Main article: List of recurring Orange Is the New Black characters
Inmates[edit]
Laverne Cox as Sophia Burset
Annie Golden as Norma Romano
Laura Gómez as Blanca Flores
Diane Guerrero as Maritza Ramos
Vicky Jeudy as Janae Watson
Julie Lake as Angie Rice
Emma Myles as Leanne Taylor
Abigail Savage as Gina Murphy
Constance Shulman as Erica "Yoga" Jones
Lori Tan Chinn as Mei Chang
Tamara Torres as Gerrman "Weeping Woman"
Lin Tucci as Anita DeMarco
Beth Fowler as Sister Jane Ingalls (seasons 1-4)
Barbara Rosenblat as Rosa "Miss Rosa" Cisneros (seasons 1–2, guest season 3)
Madeline Brewer as Tricia Miller (season 1)
Kimiko Glenn as Brook Soso (season 2–present)
Dale Soules as Frieda Berlin (season 2–present)
Lori Petty as Lolly Whitehill (seasons 2–4)
Lorraine Toussaint as Yvonne "Vee" Parker (season 2)
Emily Althaus as Maureen Kukudio (season 3–present)
Blair Brown as Judy King (season 3–present)
Ruby Rose as Stella Carlin (seasons 3–4)
Rosal Colon as Carmen "Ouija" Aziza (season 4–present)
Francesca Curran as Helen Van Maele (season 4–present)
Daniella De Jesus as "Zirconia" Cabrera (season 4–present)
Asia Kate Dillon as Brandy Epps (season 4–present)
Shannon Esper as Alana Dwight (season 4–present)
Arianda Fernandez as Michelle Carreras (season 4–present)
Kelly Karbacz as Kasey Sankey (season 4–present)
Miriam Morales as Ramona "Pidge" Contreras (season 4–present)
Jolene Purdy as Stephanie Hapakuka (season 4–present)
Amanda Stephen as Alison Abdullah (season 4–present)
Staff[edit]
Catherine Curtin as Wanda Bell
Joel Marsh Garland as Scott O'Neill
Matt Peters as Joel Luschek
Alysia Reiner as Natalie "Fig" Figueroa
Brendan Burke as Wade Donaldson (seasons 1-4)
Lolita Foster as Eliqua Maxwell (seasons 1–3)
Germar Terrell Gardner as Charles Ford (seasons 1–3)
Matt McGorry as John Bennett (seasons 1–3)
Pablo Schreiber as George "Pornstache" Mendez (seasons 1–3, guest season 5)
Lauren Lapkus as Susan Fischer (seasons 1–2)
Alan Aisenberg as Baxter "Gerber" Bayley (season 3–present)
Beth Dover as Linda Ferguson / "Amelia Von Barlow" (season 3–present)
Jimmy Gary Jr. as Felix Rikerson (season 3–present)
James McMenamin as Charlie "Donuts" Coates (season 3–present)
Mike Birbiglia as Danny Pearson (seasons 3-4)
Marsha Stephanie Blake as Berdie Rogers (season 3)
Nick Dillenburg as Ryder Blake (season 4–present)
Evan Arthur Hall as Stratman (season 4–present)
Mike Houston as Lee Dixon (season 4–present)
Brad William Henke as Desi Piscatella (seasons 4–5)
John Palladino as Josh (season 4–present)
Emily Tarver as Artesian McCullough (season 4–present)
Michael Torpey as Thomas "Humps" Humphrey (seasons 4–5)
Others[edit]
Michael Chernus as Cal Chapman (seasons 1–4)
Tanya Wright as Crystal Burset (seasons 1–4)
Tracee Chimo as Neri Feldman (seasons 1–3)
Berto Colon as Cesar (seasons 1–3, 5)
Deborah Rush as Carol Chapman (seasons 1–3, 5)
Maria Dizzia as Polly Harper (seasons 1–2)
Ian Paola as Yadriel (season 2–present)
John Magaro as Vince Muccio (season 3–present)
Mary Steenburgen as Delia Powell-Mendez (season 3, guest season 5)
Production[edit]
The series cast at The Paley Center For Media's PaleyFest 2014 event honoring the show
Show creator Jenji Kohan read Piper Kerman's memoir after a friend sent it to her. She then set up a meeting with Kerman to pitch her on a TV adaptation, which she notes she "screwed up" as she spent most of the time asking Kerman about her experiences she described in the book rather than selling her on the show. This appealed to Kerman as it let her know that she was a fan and she signed off on the adaptation.[9] Kohan would later go on to describe the main character, Piper Chapman, as a "trojan horse" for the series, allowing it to focus on characters whose demographics would not normally be represented on TV.[10]
In July 2011, it was revealed that Netflix was in negotiations with Lionsgate for a 13-episode TV adaptation of Kerman's memoirs with Kohan as creator.[11] In November 2011, negotiations were finalized and the series had been greenlit.[12] Casting announcements began in August 2012 with Taylor Schilling, the first to be cast, in the lead role as Piper Chapman,[13] followed by Jason Biggs as Piper's fiancé Larry Bloom.[14]
Laura Prepon and Yael Stone were next to join the series.[2] Abigail Savage, who plays Gina, and Alysia Reiner, who plays Fig, had auditioned for role of Alex Vause.[9][15] Prepon initially auditioned for Piper Chapman,[16] however Kohan felt she would not worry about her [in prison], noting a "toughness and a presence to her that wasn’t right for the character." Kohan instead gave her the role of Alex.[9] Stone had originally auditioned for the role of Nicky Nichols, but she was not considered "tough enough" for the character;[17] she was asked to audition for Lorna Morello instead.[18] Likability was important for Morello, whom casting director Jen Euston deemed "a very helpful, nice, sweet Italian girl."[18] Laverne Cox, a black transgender woman, was cast as Sophia Burset, a transgender character. The Advocate touted Orange Is the New Black as possibly the first women-in-prison narrative to cast a transgender woman for this type of role.[19] Natasha Lyonne was to audition for Alex, but was asked to read for the character Nicky Nichols; "[Kohan knew] she could do Nicky with her eyes closed. She was perfect," said Euston.[18] Uzo Aduba read for the part of Janae Watson but was offered the character Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren.[18][20] Taryn Manning was offered the role of Tiffany "Pennsatucky" Doggett.[18] This American Life host Ira Glass was offered a role as a public radio host, but he declined. The role instead went to Robert Stanton, who plays the fictional host Maury Kind.[21]
The series is set in a fictional prison in Litchfield, New York, which is a real town in upstate New York, but it does not have a federal penitentiary.[22] The series began filming in the old Rockland Children's Psychiatric Center in Rockland County, New York, on March 7, 2013.[23] The title sequence features photos of real former female prisoners including Kerman herself.[24]
On June 27, 2013, prior to the series premiere, Netflix renewed the show for a second season consisting of 13 episodes.[25] For the second season, Uzo Aduba, Taryn Manning, Danielle Brooks, and Natasha Lyonne were promoted to series regulars.[26] Laura Prepon did not return as a series regular for a second season because of scheduling conflicts, but returned for season 3 as a regular.[27] On May 5, 2014, the series was renewed for a third season, as revealed by actress Laura Prepon.[28] For the third season, several actors were promoted to series regulars, including Selenis Leyva, Adrienne C. Moore, Dascha Polanco, Nick Sandow, Yael Stone, and Samira Wiley.[29] Both Jason Biggs and Pablo Schreiber were confirmed as not returning for the third season, but Schreiber appeared in the 10th episode of the third season.[30][31][32] The series was renewed for a fourth season on April 15, 2015, prior to its third-season premiere.[33][34] For the fourth season, Jackie Cruz and Lea DeLaria were promoted to series regulars; with Elizabeth Rodriguez also being promoted by the season's sixth episode.[35] On February 5, 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth and seventh season.[4]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
Season
Critical response
Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic
1 93% (40 reviews) 79 (32 reviews)
2 98% (42 reviews) 89 (31 reviews)
3 96% (24 reviews) 83 (53 reviews)
4 95% (39 reviews) 86 (19 reviews)
5 74% (35 reviews) 67 (20 reviews)
Members of the cast and crew with their Peabody Award, May 2014
Orange Is the New Black has received critical acclaim. It has been particularly praised for humanizing prisoners[36][37] and for its depiction of race, sexuality, gender and body types.[38][39][40][41][42][43][44]
The first season received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator Metacritic gave it a weighted average score of 79 out of 100 based on reviews from 32 critics, indicating favorable reviews.[45] On Rotten Tomatoes, season one has a 93% approval rating based on 40 reviews, with an average rating of 8.2 out of 10 . The site's critical consensus is "Orange Is the New Black is a sharp mix of black humor and dramatic heft, with interesting characters and an intriguing flashback structure."[46]
Hank Stuever, television critic for The Washington Post, gave Orange Is the New Black a perfect score. In his review of the series, he stated: "In Jenji Kohan's magnificent and thoroughly engrossing new series, Orange Is the New Black, prison is still the pits. But it is also filled with the entire range of human emotion and stories, all of which are brought vividly to life in a world where a stick of gum could ignite either a romance or a death threat."[47] Maureen Ryan, of The Huffington Post, wrote: "Orange is one of the best new programs of the year, and the six episodes I've seen have left me hungry to see more."[48]
The second season also received critical acclaim. Rotten Tomatoes gave a rating of 98%, with an average rating of 9.1 out of 10 based on 42 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: "With a talented ensemble cast bringing life to a fresh round of serial drama, Orange Is the New Black's sophomore season lives up to its predecessor's standard for female-led television excellence.[49] Metacritic gave the second season a score of 89 out of 100 based on 31 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."[50] David Wiegland of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the season a positive review, calling the first six episodes "not only as great as the first season, but arguably better."[51]
The third season received critical acclaim. On Metacritic, it has a score of 83 out of 100 based on 24 reviews.[52] On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 96% rating with an average score of 8.2 out of 10 based on 53 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: "Thanks to its blend of potent comedy and rich character work, Orange is the New Black remains a bittersweet pleasure in its third season."[53]
The fourth season received critical acclaim. On Metacritic, it has a score of 86 out of 100 based on 19 reviews.[54] On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 95% rating with an average score of 8.6 out of 10 based on 39 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads: "Orange is the New Black is back and better than ever, with a powerful fourth season full of compelling performances by the ensemble cast."[55] James Poniewozik of The New York Times reviewed the fourth season as "Do you measure the quality of a TV season as a beginning-to-end average or by how well it ends? By the first yardstick, Season 4 is ambitious but uneven; by the latter, it's the series' best."[56]
The fifth season has received "generally favorable reviews".[57] On Metacritic, it has a score of 67 out of 100 based on 20 reviews.[57] On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 76% rating with an average score of 7.47 out of 10 based on 33 reviews.[58]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Orange Is the New Black
Orange Is the New Black has received many accolades since its debut. The series has garnered 16 Emmy Award nominations and four wins. For its first season, it received 12 Emmy Award nominations, including Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series, and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series, winning three.[59] Taylor Schilling received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Television Series – Drama.[60] In 2013, the American Film Institute selected the series as one of the Top 10 Television Programs of the Year.[61]
A new Emmy rule in 2015, classifying half-hour shows as comedies and hour-long shows as dramas, forced the series to change categories from comedy to drama for its second season.[62] That year, the series received four Emmy nominations, including Outstanding Drama Series, and Aduba won her second Emmy Award, for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.[59] Orange Is the New Black became the first series to receive Emmy nominations in both comedy and drama categories.[8] For its second season, the series also received three Golden Globe Award nominations: Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy, Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for Schilling, and Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film for Aduba. At the 21st Screen Actors Guild Awards, the series won Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series and Aduba won Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series.[63]
For its third season, Orange Is the New Black won Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series (Aduba).[64] It received a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy.[60] The series has also received, among other accolades, six Writers Guild of America Award nominations,[65] five Satellite Awards,[66][67] four Critics' Choice Television Awards,[68][69] a GLAAD Media Award,[70] an American Cinema Editors Award,[71] a Producers Guild of America Award,[72] and a Peabody Award.[73]
Broadcast[edit]
Netflix is famously tight-fisted when it comes to offering up viewership data about its original series. But execs with the streaming giant have repeatedly confirmed that OITNB is its most-watched original series. That has been backed up by the efforts of outside measurement companies to track viewing in the Netflix eco-system.
—Variety[4]
The series began airing on broadcast television in New Zealand on TV2 on August 19, 2013.[74] It premiered in Australia on October 9, 2013, on Showcase.[75] The second season began on Showcase on July 16, 2014,[76] and the third season premiered on June 11, 2015.[77] The first season began airing on broadcast television in the UK on Sony Channel from April 19, 2017.[78]
In April 2017, it was reported that a cybercriminal had stolen the first ten episodes of the fifth season in a security breach of a post-production company. Netflix failed to respond to ransom demands, and the cybercriminal leaked the episodes online. Netflix confirmed the security breach and an ongoing investigation by federal law enforcement.[79][80] Multichannel News reported that demand for the series significantly increased over the seven-day period following the leak of the episodes. It was also said that the leak would likely cause a decrease in demand for the fifth season when Netflix releases it in June.[81]
Ratings[edit]
Orange Is the New Black generated more viewers and hours viewed in its first week than the other top Netflix original series House of Cards and Arrested Development.[82][83] In October 2013, Netflix stated that the show is a "tremendous success" for the streaming platform. "It will end the year as our most watched original series ever and, as with each of our other previously launched originals, enjoys an audience comparable with successful shows on cable and broadcast TV."[84][85] As reported in February 2016, Orange Is the New Black remains Netflix's most-watched original series.[4][6][86] In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that Orange Is the New Black is one of the shows most watched in urban areas, and despite its "minority-rich ensemble cast," the series "appeals more to a white audience."[87]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Michael J. Harney was credited as main cast for season 5 but did not make a single appearance.
See also[edit]
Incarceration of women in the United States
Prison–industrial complex
Women in Prison (1987)
List of dramatic television series with LGBT characters
List of LGBT characters in television and radio
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Steuver, Hank (July 11, 2013). "Netflix's Orange Is the New Black: Brilliance behind bars". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ryan, Maureen (July 10, 2013). "'Orange Is The New Black' Review: Subversive Netflix Prison Drama Proves Addictive". The Huffington Post. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Orange Is the New Black: Season 2". Rotten Tomatoes. 2014. Retrieved August 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Critic Reviews for Orange Is the New Black Season 2". Metacritic. 2014. Retrieved August 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Wiegland, David (June 3, 2014). "'Orange Is the New Black' review: Me vs. we". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Orange Is the New Black: Season 3". Metacritic. 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Orange Is the New Black: Season 3". Rotten Tomatoes. 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Orange Is the New Black: Season 4". Metacritic. 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Orange Is the New Black: Season 4". Rotten Tomatoes. 2016. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ Poniewozik, James (June 22, 2016). "Orange Is The New Black: It's About Time". The New York Times. Retrieved September 7, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Orange Is the New Black: Season 5". Metacritic. 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Orange Is the New Black: Season 5". Rotten Tomatoes. 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Orange Is The New Black". Television Academy. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Orange is the New Black". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ "AFI Awards 2013". American Film Institute. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ VanDerWerff, Todd (July 16, 2015). "7 Emmys Rules and Quirks that Explain the 2015 Nominations". Vox. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "SAG Award Winners 2015: Full List". Variety. January 25, 2015. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "SAG Awards: The Complete Winners List". The Hollywood Reporter. January 30, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Previous Nominees & Winners". Writers Guild of America. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "2013 Satellite Awards". International Press Academy. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "2015 Satellite Awards". International Press Academy. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Critics' Choice Television Awards 2014: Complete Winners List". The Hollywood Reporter. June 19, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Critics' Choice Awards Winners: Full List". Variety. May 31, 2015. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "George Takei, "Orange is the New Black," "Concussion" among #GLAADAwards recipients in New York City". GLAAD. May 3, 2014. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Star Wars' Among Nominees for ACE Eddie Awards for Film Editing". The Hollywood Reporter. January 4, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "PGA Awards: 'Orange Is the New Black' Wins Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Comedy". The Hollywood Reporter. January 24, 2015. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Orange is the New Black (Netflix)". Peabody Awards. Retrieved April 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Orange Is The New Black". TVNZ. Retrieved August 22, 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (September 9, 2013). "Airdate: Orange is the New Black". TV Tonight. Retrieved December 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Most anticipated returning shows in 2014". Foxtel. January 14, 2014. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Orange is the New Black S3: same time as the US". Foxtel. June 4, 2015. Retrieved June 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Szalai, Georg (March 24, 2017). "Sony Channel U.K. Takes 'Orange Is the New Black'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hacker Releases New Episodes of 'Orange Is the New Black". The Hollywood Reporter. Associated Press. April 28, 2017. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Perlroth, Nicole; Haag, Matthew (April 29, 2017). "Hacker Leaks Episodes From Netflix Show and Threatens Other Networks". The New York Times. Retrieved April 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ Baumgartner, Jeff (May 10, 2017). "Demand for 'Orange Is the New Black' Spiked Following Hack". Multichannel News. Retrieved May 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Greenwald, Andy (June 4, 2014). "Brilliant 'Orange'". Grantland. Retrieved September 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kafka, Peter (July 23, 2013). "Netflix's No-Name Show Beating "House of Cards" and "Arrested Development"". All Things Digital. Retrieved December 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Ha, Anthony (October 21, 2013). "Netflix: 'Orange Is The New Black' Is Our Most-Watched Original, But Our TV Exclusives Are Even Bigger". TechCrunch. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Brian Anthony (October 21, 2013). "'Orange Is the New Black' Is Netflix's Most-Watched Original Series". Mashable. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Smith, Nigel M (February 5, 2016). "Orange is the New Black renewed for three additional seasons". The Guardian. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ Katz, Josh (December 27, 2016). "'Duck Dynasty' vs. 'Modern Family': 50 Maps of the U.S. Cultural Divide". The New York Times. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
Further reading[edit]
Weatherford Millette, Sarah. "The Representation of Latinas in Orange Is the New Black." MA Thesis. George Mason University, 2015.
Piper Kerman On Her Story That Inspired The Netflix Series Orange Is The New Black. June 2014. The Diane Rehm Show.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Orange Is the New Black.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Orange Is the New Black
Official website
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One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (novel)
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One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
First edition
Author
Ken Kesey
Cover artist
Paul Bacon[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Publisher
Viking Press & Signet Books
Publication date
February 1, 1962[2]
Pages
320
OCLC
37505041
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962) is a novel written by Ken Kesey. Set in an Oregon psychiatric hospital, the narrative serves as a study of the institutional processes and the human mind as well as a critique of behaviorism and a celebration of humanistic principles. It was adapted into the broadway (and later off-broadway) play One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Dale Wasserman in 1963. Bo Goldman adapted the novel into a 1975 film directed by Miloš Forman, which won five Academy Awards.
Time magazine included the novel in its "100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005" list.[3] In 2003 the book was listed on the BBC's The Big Read poll of the UK's 200 "best-loved novels."[4]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Background
3 Title
4 Main characters
4.1 Staff
4.2 Acutes
4.3 Chronics
4.4 Other characters
5 Controversy
6 Adaptations
7 Editions
8 Audiobooks
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
Plot[edit]
The book is narrated by "Chief" Bromden, a gigantic yet docile half-Native American patient at a psychiatric hospital, who presents himself as deaf and mute. Bromden’s tale focuses mainly on the antics of the rebellious Randle Patrick McMurphy, who faked insanity to serve his sentence for battery and gambling in the hospital rather than at a prison work farm. The head administrative nurse, Nurse Ratched, rules the ward with absolute authority and little medical oversight. She is assisted by her three day-shift orderlies and her assistant doctors.
McMurphy constantly antagonizes Nurse Ratched and upsets the routines of the ward, leading to endless power struggles between the inmate and the nurse. He runs a card table, captains the ward's basketball team, comments on Nurse Ratched's figure, incites the other patients to conduct a vote about watching the World Series on television, and organizes an unsupervised deep-sea fishing trip. His reaction after claiming to be able to and subsequently failing to lift a heavy control panel in the defunct hydrotherapy room (referred to as the "tub room") – "But at least I tried" – gives the men incentive to try to stand up for themselves, instead of allowing Nurse Ratched to take control of every aspect of their lives. The Chief opens up to McMurphy, revealing late one night that he can speak and hear. A disturbance after the fishing trip results in McMurphy and the Chief being sent for electroshock therapy sessions, but such punishment does little to curb McMurphy's rambunctious behavior.
One night, after bribing the night orderly, McMurphy smuggles two prostitute girlfriends with liquor onto the ward and breaks into the pharmacy for codeine cough syrup, and later unnamed psychiatric medications. McMurphy persuades one of the women to seduce Billy Bibbit, a timid, boyish patient with a terrible stutter and little experience with women, so he can lose his virginity. Although McMurphy plans to escape before the morning shift starts, he and the other patients instead fall asleep without cleaning up the mess of the group’s antics, and the morning staff discovers the ward in complete disarray. Nurse Ratched finds Billy and the prostitute in each other's arms, partially dressed, and admonishes him. Billy asserts himself for the first time, answering Nurse Ratched without stuttering. Ratched calmly threatens to tell Billy's mother what she has seen. Billy has an emotional breakdown, and once left alone in the doctor's office, commits suicide by cutting his throat. Nurse Ratched blames McMurphy for the loss of Billy's life. Enraged at what she has done to Billy, McMurphy attacks Ratched, attempting to strangle her to death, tearing off her uniform and revealing her breasts to the patients and aides who are watching. McMurphy is physically restrained and moved to the Disturbed ward.
Nurse Ratched misses a week of work due to her injuries, during which time many of the patients either transfer to other wards or check out of the hospital forever. When she returns she cannot speak and is thus deprived of her most potent tool to keep the men in line. With Bromden, Martini, and Scanlon the only patients who attended the boat trip left on the ward, McMurphy is brought back in. He has received a lobotomy, and is now in a vegetative state, rendering him silent and motionless. The Chief smothers McMurphy with a pillow during the night in an act of mercy before lifting the tub room control panel that McMurphy could not lift earlier, throwing it through a window and escaping the hospital.
Background[edit]
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest was written in 1959 and published in 1962 in the midst of the Civil Rights Movement[5] and deep changes to the way psychology and psychiatry were being approached in America. The 1960s began the controversial movement towards deinstitutionalization,[6][7] an act that would have affected the characters in Kesey's novel. The novel is a direct product of Kesey's time working the graveyard shift as an orderly at a mental health facility in Menlo Park, California.[8] Not only did he speak to the patients and witness the workings of the institution, but he voluntarily took psychoactive drugs, including mescaline and LSD, as part of Project MKUltra.[9]
In addition to his work with Project MKUltra, Kesey experimented with LSD recreationally. He advocated for drug use as a path to individual freedom,[10] an attitude that was reflected in the views of psychological researchers of the time.[11][12] In the 1960s LSD was thought to offer the best access to the human mind. Each individual's experiences were said to vary; emotions and experiences ranged from transformations into other life forms, religious experiences, and extreme empathy.[11] It was Kesey's experience with LSD and other psychedelics that made him sympathetic toward the patients.[13]
The novel constantly refers to different authorities that control individuals through subtle and coercive methods. The novel's narrator, the Chief, combines these authorities in his mind, calling them "The Combine" in reference to the mechanistic way they manipulate and process individuals. The authority of The Combine is most often personified in the character of Nurse Ratched who controls the inhabitants of the novel's mental ward through a combination of rewards and subtle shame.[13] Although she does not normally resort to conventionally harsh discipline, her actions are portrayed as more insidious than those of a conventional prison administrator. This is because the subtlety of her actions prevents her prisoners from understanding they are being controlled at all. The Chief also sees the Combine in the damming of the wild Columbia River at Celilo Falls, where his Native American ancestors hunted, and in the broader conformity of post-war American consumer society. The novel's critique of the mental ward as an instrument of oppression comparable to the prison mirrored many of the claims that French intellectual Michel Foucault was making at the same time. Similarly, Foucault argued that invisible forms of discipline oppressed individuals on a broad societal scale, encouraging them to censor aspects of themselves and their actions. The novel also criticizes the emasculation of men in society, particularly in the character of Billy Bibbit, the stuttering Acute patient who is domineered by both Nurse Ratched and his mother.
Title[edit]
The title of the book is a line from a nursery rhyme:
Vintery, mintery, cutery, corn,
Apple seed and apple thorn,
Wire, briar, limber lock
Three geese in a flock
One flew East
One flew West
And one flew over the cuckoo's nest
Chief Bromden's grandmother sang a version of this song to him when he was a child, a fact revealed in the story when the Chief received yet another ECT treatment after he assisted McMurphy with defending George, a patient being abused by the ward's aides.
Main characters[edit]
Randle McMurphy: A free-spirited, rebellious con man, sent to the hospital from a prison work farm. He is guilty of battery and gambling. He had also been charged with, but never convicted of due to the girl in question not wishing to testify so as not to implicate herself and her willingness to participate, statutory rape. McMurphy is transferred from a prison work farm to the hospital, thinking it will be an easy way to serve out his sentence in comfort. In the end, McMurphy attacks Nurse Ratched, sacrificing his freedom and his health in exchange for freeing the previously shackled spirits of the cowed patients on the ward.
Chief Bromden: The novel's half-Native American narrator has been in the mental hospital since the end of World War II. Bromden is presumed by staff and patients alike to be deaf and mute, and through this guise he becomes privy to many of the ward's dirtiest secrets.[13] As a young man, the Chief was a high school football star, a college student, and a war hero. After seeing his father, a Native American chieftain, humiliated at the hands of the U.S. government and his (white) wife, Chief Bromden descends into clinical depression and begins hallucinating. Soon he is diagnosed with schizophrenia. He believes society is controlled by a large, mechanized system which he calls "The Combine."
Richard Gray, author of A History of American Literature, said Bromden "supplies" the novel's "vision".[14] Gray explains Bromden's "eye" "sees the inner truth" and Bromden "is an outsider, an innocent eye in a way like Huck Finn, but what he sees is far stranger, far more surreal."[14] Gray explained Bromden's vision "may not be literally true but it is symbolically so because, to quote Emily Dickinson again, 'Much madness is divinest sense.'"[14] The first chapter ends with the Chief pleading to the reader, "...you think this is too horrible to have really happened, this is too awful to be the truth! But, please. It's still hard for me to have a clear mind thinking on it. But it's the truth even if it didn't happen."
Staff[edit]
Nurse Ratched (also known as "Big Nurse"): The tyrannical head nurse of the mental institution, who exercises near-total control over those in her care, including her subordinates. She will not hesitate to restrict her patients' access to medication, amenities, and basic human necessities if it suits her manipulative whims. Her favorite informant is the timid Billy Bibbit, whom she coerces into divulging the unit's secrets by threatening to complain about him to his mother. McMurphy's fun-loving, rebellious presence in Ratched's institution is a constant annoyance, as neither threats nor punishment nor shock therapy will stop him or the patients under his sway. Eventually, after McMurphy nearly chokes her to death in a fit of rage, Nurse Ratched has him lobotomized. However, the damage has already been done, and Nurse Ratched's rule is broken after McMurphy's attack leaves her nearly unable to speak, which renders her unable to intimidate her patients, subordinates and superiors.
The "Black Boys" Washington, Williams and Warren: Three black men who work as aides in the ward. Williams is a dwarf, his growth stunted after witnessing his mother being raped by white men. The Chief says Nurse Ratched hired them for their sadistic nature.
Dr. John Spivey: The ward doctor. Nurse Ratched drove off other doctors, but she kept Spivey because he always did as he was told. Harding suggests that the nurse could threaten to expose him as a drug addict if he stood up to her. McMurphy's rebellion inspires him to stand up to Nurse Ratched.
Nurse Pilbow: The young night nurse. Her face, neck, and chest are stained with a profound birthmark. She is a devout Catholic and fears sinning. She blames the patients for infecting her with their evil and takes it out on them.
Mr. Turkle: An elderly African American aide who works the late shift in the ward. He agrees to let McMurphy host a party and sneak in prostitutes one night.
The Japanese Nurse: The nurse in charge of the upstairs disturbed ward, for violent and unmanageable patients. She is kind and openly opposes Nurse Ratched's methods.
Acutes[edit]
The acutes are patients who officials believe can still be cured. With few exceptions, they are there voluntarily, a fact that angers McMurphy when he first learns of it, then later causes him to feel further pity for the patients, thus further inspiring him to prove to them they can still be strong despite their seeming willingness to be weak.
Billy Bibbit: A nervous, shy, and boyish patient with an extreme speech impediment, Billy cuts and burns himself, and has attempted suicide numerous times. Billy has a fear of women, especially those with authority such as his mother. To alleviate this, McMurphy sneaks a prostitute into the ward so Billy can lose his virginity. The next morning, Nurse Ratched threatens to tell his mother; fearing the loss of his mother's love, Billy has an emotional breakdown and commits suicide by cutting his own throat.
Dale Harding: The unofficial leader of the patients before McMurphy arrives, he is an intelligent, good-looking man who's ashamed of his repressed homosexuality. Harding's beautiful yet malcontent wife is a source of shame for him.
George Sorensen: A man with germaphobia, he spends his days washing his hands in the ward's drinking fountain. McMurphy manages to persuade him to lead a fishing expedition for the patients after discovering he had captained a PT boat during World War II. Afterward, the three black boys maliciously forcibly delouse him, cruelly knowing the mental anguish this will cause him.
Charlie Cheswick: A loud-mouthed patient who always demands changes in the ward, but never has the courage to see anything through. He finds a friend in McMurphy, who's able to voice his opinions for him. At one point McMurphy decides to fall in line when he learns his stay in the ward is indefinite and his release is solely determined by the Big Nurse. As a result, Cheswick drowns himself in the ward's swimming pool when he decides he himself will never escape the relentless Big Nurse.
Martini: A patient who suffers from severe hallucinations.
Scanlon: A patient obsessed with explosives and destruction. He is the only other non-vegetative patient confined to the ward by force aside from McMurphy and Bromden; the rest can leave at any time.
Jim Sefelt and Bruce Fredrickson: Two epileptic patients. Sefelt refuses to take his anti-seizure medication, as it makes his teeth fall out and as such makes him self-conscious over his appearance. Fredrickson takes Sefelt's medication as well as his own because he is terrified of the seizures, and loses teeth due to the resulting overdosage.
Max Taber: An unruly patient who was released before McMurphy arrived, a broken man. The Chief later describes how, after he questioned what was in his medication, Nurse Ratched had him "fixed."
Chronics[edit]
The chronics are patients who will never be cured. Many of the chronics are elderly and/or in vegetative states.
Ruckly: A hell-raising patient who challenges the rules until the Big Nurse authorizes his lobotomy. After the lobotomy, he sits and stares at a picture of his wife, and occasionally screams profanities.
Ellis: Ellis was put in a vegetative state by electroshock therapy. He stands against the wall in a disturbing messianic position with arms outstretched.
Pete Bancini: Bancini suffered brain damage at birth but managed to hold down simple jobs, such as a switch operator on a lightly-used railroad branch line, until the switches were automated and he lost his job, after which he was institutionalized. The Chief remembers how once, and only once, he lashed out violently against the aides, telling the other patients that he was a living miscarriage, born dead.
Rawler: A patient on the Disturbed ward, above the main ward, who says nothing but "loo, loo, loo!" all day and tries to run up the walls. One night, Rawler castrates himself while sitting on the toilet and bleeds to death before anyone realizes what he has done.
Old Blastic: An old patient who is in a vegetative state. The first night McMurphy is in the ward, Bromden dreams Blastic is hung by his heel and sliced open, spilling his rusty visceral matter. The next morning, Bromden learns Blastic died during the night.
The Lifeguard: An ex-professional football player, he still has the cleat marks on his forehead from the injury that scrambled his brains. He explains to McMurphy, unlike prison, patients are kept in the hospital as long as the staff desires. It is this conversation that causes McMurphy to fall in line for a time.
Colonel Matterson: The oldest patient in the ward, he suffers from severe senile dementia and cannot move without a wheelchair. He is a veteran of the First World War, and spends his days "explaining" objects through metaphor.
Other characters[edit]
Candy: The prostitute McMurphy brings on the fishing trip. Billy Bibbit has a crush on her and McMurphy arranges a night for Candy to sleep with him.
Sandra: Another prostitute and friend of Candy and McMurphy. She and Sefelt sleep together on the night she and Candy are snuck into the ward late one night. Sefelt has a seizure while they are having sex.
Vera Harding: Dale Harding's wife. Described as very attractive. She is a primary cause of concern for Dale, who often worries about her fidelity.
Controversy[edit]
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is one of America's most challenged and banned novels.
1974: Five residents of Strongsville, Ohio sued the local Board of Education to remove the novel from classrooms. They deemed the book "pornographic" and said it "glorifies criminal activity, has a tendency to corrupt juveniles, and contains descriptions of bestiality, bizarre violence, and torture, dismemberment, death, and human elimination".
1975: Randolph, New York and Alton, Oklahoma removed the book from all of their public schools.
1977: Schools in Westport, Maine removed it from required reading lists.
1978: Freemont High School in St. Anthony, Idaho banned it and fired the teacher who assigned it.
1982: Merrimack, New Hampshire High School challenged it.
1986: Aberdeen Washington High school challenged it in Honors English classes.
2000: Placentia Unified School District (Yorba Linda, California) challenged it. Parents said the teachers could "choose the best books, but they keep choosing this garbage over and over again".[15]
Adaptations[edit]
The novel was adapted into a 1963 play, starring Kirk Douglas (who purchased the rights to produce it for the stage and motion pictures) as McMurphy and Gene Wilder as Billy Bibbit. A film adaptation, starring Jack Nicholson, and co-produced by Michael Douglas was released in 1975. The film won five Academy Awards. The characters of Nurse Ratched and Chief Bromden appear as recurring characters in ABC's Once Upon a Time, where they are portrayed by Ingrid Torrance and Peter Marcin. Netflix and Ryan Murphy are producing a prequel series titled Ratched which follows Sarah Paulson playing a younger version of Nurse Ratched, with a two-season, eighteen-episode order.[16]
Editions[edit]
ISBN 0-606-04239-3 (prebound, 1962)
ISBN 0-451-16396-6 (mass market paperback, 1963)
ISBN 0-14-004312-8 (paperback, 1977, reprint)
ISBN 0-14-023601-5 (hardcover, 1996)
ISBN 1-55651-685-1 (paperback, 1988)
ISBN 0-453-00815-1 (audio cassette, 1993, abridged)
ISBN 0-14-028334-X (paperback, 1999)
ISBN 0-8220-7154-1 (e-book, 1999)
ISBN 0-7645-8662-9 (paperback, 2000)
ISBN 0-7910-6339-9 (library binding, 2001)
ISBN 0-14-118122-2 (paperback, 2002)
ISBN 0-7910-7118-9 (paperback)
ISBN 0-330-23564-8 (paperback)
ISBN 0-14-118788-3 (paperback, 2005)
ISBN 0-14-303690-4 (hardcover, 2005)
ISBN 0-329-06383-9 (hardcover)
ISBN 978-0-451-16396-7 (softcover)
ISBN 978-1-59887-052-7 (audio CD, 2006, abridged/read by Kesey; includes Fresh Air with Terry Gross interview with author)
ISBN 978-0-670-02323-3 (hardcover, 2012)
ISBN 978-0-143-12951-6 (softcover, 2016)
Photos of the first edition One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Audiobooks[edit]
1998: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (read by Tom Parker), Blackstone Audio, ISBN 978-0786112784
2007 (Audible): One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (read by the author)
See also[edit]
Novels portal
United States portal
1960s portal
Rosenhan experiment
Sluggish schizophrenia
Political abuse of psychiatry
Anti-Psychiatry
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Covers of Paul Bacon". tumblr.com. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Strodder, Chris (2007). The Encyclopedia of Sixties Cool. Santa Monica Press. p. 26. ISBN 9781595809865.
Jump up ^ "Time 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005". Time. October 16, 2005.
Jump up ^ "BBC – The Big Read". BBC. April 2003, Retrieved August 23, 2017
Jump up ^ "America's Civil Rights Timeline". International Civil Rights Center & Museum. 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stroman, Duane (2003). The Disability Rights Movement: From Deinstitutionalization to Self-determination. University Press of America.
Jump up ^ Scherl, D.J.; Macht, L.B. (September 1979). "Deinstitutionalization in the absence of consensus". Hospital Community Psychiatry. 30 (9): 599–604. doi:10.1176/ps.30.9.599. PMID 223959.
Jump up ^ Mitchell & Snyder, p. 174
Jump up ^ Huffman, Bennett (May 17, 2002). "Ken Kesey (1935–2001)". The Literary Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Ken Kesey Biography". Oregon History Project. 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Masters, R.E.L. & Jean Houston, (1966) The Varieties of Psychedelic Experience, America Press Inc., 115(4). 110.
Jump up ^ The LSD Pother (1966), America Press Inc., 115(14). 377
^ Jump up to: a b c "Life in a Loony Bin". Time. February 16, 1962. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gray, Richard (September 23, 2011). A History of American Literature. John Wiley & Sons. p. 574. ISBN 978-1-4443-4568-1. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Banned & Challenged Classics". American Library Association. 2015. Retrieved June 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (September 6, 2017). "'One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest' Prequel From Ryan Murphy Scores Two-Season Order at Netflix". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved September 6, 2017.
Further reading[edit]
L. Horst, Bitches, Twitches, and Eunuchs: Sex Role Failure and Caricature in Pratt, J, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest: Text and Criticism, Penguin Books (1996).
M.G. Porter, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest: Rising to Heroism, Boston: Twayne Publishers (1989).
E. Safer, The Contemporary American Comic Epic: The Novels of Barth, Pynchon, Gaddis, and Kesey, Detroit: Wayne State University Press (1988).
Nellie Bly: Ten Days in a Mad-House (1887)
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Ken Kesey's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Novel
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Adaptations
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1963 play)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975 film)
Thalavattam (1986 film)
Manasukkul Mathappu (1988 film)
Kyon Ki (2005 film)
Characters
Randle McMurphy
Nurse Ratched
See also
Institutionalisation
show
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Ken Kesey
Novels
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962)
Sometimes a Great Notion (1964)
Caverns (1989)
Little Tricker the Squirrel Meets Big Double the Bear (1990)
Sailor Song (1992)
Last Go Round with Ken Babbs (1994)
Collections
Kesey's Garage Sale (1973)
Demon Box (1986)
Kesey's Jail Journal (2003)
Plays
Over the Border (1973)
The Furthur Enquiry (1990)
Twister (1994)
Adaptations
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1963 play)
Sometimes a Great Notion (1971 film)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975 film)
Related
Merry Pranksters
Further bus
Acid Tests
Neal Cassady
Carolyn Garcia
Lee Quarnstrom
Ken Babbs
Paul Foster
The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test
Kesey Square
Magic Trip
The Storyteller: Ken Kesey Memorial
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values: Qualcuno volò sul nido del cuculo (romanzo) – Italian

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values: Lot nad kukułczym gniazdem (powieść) – Polish

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values: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (roman) – Albanian

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