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All-time Olympic Games medal table
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The all-time medal table for all Olympic Games from 1896 to 2018, including Summer Olympic Games, Winter Olympic Games, and a combined total of both, is tabulated below. These Olympic medal counts do not include the 1906 Intercalated Games which are no longer recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as official Games. The IOC itself does not publish all-time tables, and publishes unofficial tables only per single Games. This table was thus compiled by adding up single entries from the IOC database.[1]
The results are attributed to the IOC country code as currently displayed by the IOC database. Usually, a single code corresponds to a single National Olympic Committee (NOC). When different codes are displayed for different years, medal counts are combined in the case of a simple change of IOC code (such as from HOL to NED for the Netherlands) or simple change of country name (such as from Ceylon to Sri Lanka). As the medals are attributed to each NOC, not all totals include medals won by athletes from that country for another NOC, such as before independence of that country (see individual footnotes for special cases such as combined teams). Names in italic are national entities that no longer exist. The totals of NOCs are not combined with those of their predecessors and successors.
World map showing nations that have won Summer Olympic medals.
World map showing nations that have won Winter Olympic medals.
Contents
1 NOCs with medals
2 NOCs without medals
3 Variations
3.1 Early Olympics
3.2 Alpinism and aeronautics
3.3 Germany
3.4 Russia and the Soviet Union
4 Notes
4.1 Obsolete nations notes
4.2 Name changes notes
4.3 Participation notes
4.4 Disputed participation notes
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
NOCs with medals[edit]
The table is pre-sorted by the name of each Olympic Committee, but can be displayed as sorted by any other column, such as the total number of gold medals or total number of overall medals. To sort by gold, silver, and then bronze, sort first by the bronze column, then the silver, and then the gold. The table does not include revoked medals (e.g. due to doping).
Medal totals in this table are current as of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang County, South Korea, and all changes in medal standings due to doping cases up to and including 25 February 2018 are taken into account.
Not an official country
Summer Games
Winter Games
Combined Total
Team (IOC code)
№
01 !
02 !
03 !
Total
№
01 !
02 !
03 !
Total
№
01 !
02 !
03 !
Total
Afghanistan (AFG) 14 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 2 2
Algeria (ALG) 13 5 4 8 17 3 0 0 0 0 16 5 4 8 17
Argentina (ARG) 24 21 25 28 74 19 0 0 0 0 43 21 25 28 74
Armenia (ARM) 6 2 6 6 14 7 0 0 0 0 13 2 6 6 14
Australasia (ANZ) [ANZ] 2 3 4 5 12 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 5 12
Australia (AUS) [AUS] [Z] 26 147 163 187 497 19 5 5 5 15 45 152 168 192 512
Austria (AUT) 27 18 33 36 87 23 64 81 87 232 50 82 114 123 319
Azerbaijan (AZE) 6 7 11 25 43 6 0 0 0 0 12 7 11 25 43
Bahamas (BAH) 16 6 2 6 14 0 0 0 0 0 16 6 2 6 14
Bahrain (BRN) 9 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 9 2 1 0 3
Barbados (BAR) [BAR] 12 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 1 1
Belarus (BLR) 6 12 27 39 78 7 8 5 5 18 13 20 32 44 96
Belgium (BEL) 26 40 53 55 148 21 1 2 3 6 47 41 55 58 154
Bermuda (BER) 18 0 0 1 1 8 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 1 1
Bohemia (BOH) [BOH] [Z] 3 0 1 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 3 4
Botswana (BOT) 10 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 0 1
Brazil (BRA) 22 30 36 62 128 8 0 0 0 0 30 30 36 62 128
British West Indies (BWI) [BWI] 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 2
Bulgaria (BUL) [H] 20 51 87 80 218 20 1 2 3 6 40 52 89 83 224
Burundi (BDI) 6 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 1 0 2
Cameroon (CMR) 14 3 1 2 6 1 0 0 0 0 15 3 1 2 6
Canada (CAN) 26 64 102 136 302 23 73 64 62 199 49 137 166 198 501
Chile (CHI) [I] 23 2 7 4 13 17 0 0 0 0 40 2 7 4 13
China (CHN) [CHN] 10 224 167 155 546 11 13 28 21 62 21 237 195 176 608
Colombia (COL) 19 5 9 14 28 2 0 0 0 0 21 5 9 14 28
Costa Rica (CRC) 15 1 1 2 4 6 0 0 0 0 21 1 1 2 4
Ivory Coast (CIV) [CIV] 13 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 13 1 1 1 3
Croatia (CRO) 7 11 10 12 33 8 4 6 1 11 15 15 16 13 44
Cuba (CUB) [Z] 20 78 68 79 225 0 0 0 0 0 20 78 68 79 225
Cyprus (CYP) 10 0 1 0 1 11 0 0 0 0 21 0 1 0 1
Czech Republic (CZE) [CZE] 6 15 17 24 56 7 9 11 11 31 13 24 28 35 87
Czechoslovakia (TCH) [TCH] 16 49 49 45 143 16 2 8 15 25 32 51 57 60 168
Denmark (DEN) [Z] 27 45 74 75 194 14 0 1 0 1 41 45 75 75 195
Djibouti (DJI) [B] 8 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 1 1
Dominican Republic (DOM) 14 3 2 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 14 3 2 2 7
Ecuador (ECU) 14 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 15 1 1 0 2
Egypt (EGY) [EGY] [Z] 22 7 10 15 32 1 0 0 0 0 23 7 10 15 32
Eritrea (ERI) 5 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 1 1
Estonia (EST) 12 9 9 16 34 10 4 2 1 7 22 13 11 17 41
Ethiopia (ETH) 13 22 11 20 53 2 0 0 0 0 15 22 11 20 53
Fiji (FIJ) 14 1 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 17 1 0 0 1
Finland (FIN) 25 101 85 117 303 23 43 63 61 167 48 144 148 178 470
France (FRA) [O] [P] [Z] 28 212 241 263 716 23 36 35 53 124 51 248 276 316 840
Gabon (GAB) 10 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 0 1
Georgia (GEO) 6 8 8 17 33 7 0 0 0 0 13 8 8 17 33
Germany (GER) [GER] [Z] 16 191 194 230 615 12 92 88 60 240 28 283 282 290 855
United Team of Germany (EUA) [EUA] 3 28 54 36 118 3 8 6 5 19 6 36 60 41 137
East Germany (GDR) [GDR] 5 153 129 127 409 6 39 36 35 110 11 192 165 162 519
West Germany (FRG) [FRG] 5 56 67 81 204 6 11 15 13 39 11 67 82 94 243
Ghana (GHA) [GHA] 14 0 1 3 4 2 0 0 0 0 16 0 1 3 4
Great Britain (GBR) [GBR] [Z] 28 263 295 291 849 23 11 4 16 31 51 274 299 307 880
Greece (GRE) [Z] 28 33 43 40 116 19 0 0 0 0 47 33 43 40 116
Grenada (GRN) 9 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 1 0 2
Guatemala (GUA) 14 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 15 0 1 0 1
Guyana (GUY) [GUY] 17 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 1 1
Haiti (HAI) [J] 15 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 1 1 2
Hong Kong (HKG) [HKG] 16 1 1 1 3 5 0 0 0 0 21 1 1 1 3
Hungary (HUN) 26 175 147 169 491 23 1 2 4 7 49 176 149 173 498
Iceland (ISL) 20 0 2 2 4 18 0 0 0 0 38 0 2 2 4
India (IND) [F] 24 9 7 12 28 10 0 0 0 0 34 9 7 12 28
Indonesia (INA) 15 7 13 12 32 0 0 0 0 0 15 7 13 12 32
Iran (IRI) [K] 16 19 22 28 69 11 0 0 0 0 27 19 22 28 69
Iraq (IRQ) 14 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 1 1
Ireland (IRL) 21 9 10 12 31 7 0 0 0 0 28 9 10 12 31
Israel (ISR) 16 1 1 7 9 7 0 0 0 0 23 1 1 7 9
Italy (ITA) [M] [S] 27 206 178 193 577 23 40 36 48 124 50 246 214 241 701
Jamaica (JAM) [JAM] 17 22 35 20 77 8 0 0 0 0 25 22 35 20 77
Japan (JPN) 22 142 135 162 439 21 14 22 22 58 43 156 157 184 497
Jordan (JOR) 10 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 0 0 1
Kazakhstan (KAZ) 6 15 20 27 62 7 1 3 4 8 13 16 23 31 70
Kenya (KEN) 14 31 38 33 102 4 0 0 0 0 18 31 38 33 102
Kosovo (KOS) 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1
North Korea (PRK) 10 16 16 22 54 9 0 1 1 2 19 16 17 23 56
South Korea (KOR) 17 90 87 90 267 18 31 25 14 70 35 121 112 104 337
Kuwait (KUW) 12 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 2 2
Kyrgyzstan (KGZ) 6 0 1 3 4 7 0 0 0 0 13 0 1 3 4
Latvia (LAT) 11 3 11 5 19 11 0 4 4 8 22 3 15 9 27
Lebanon (LIB) 17 0 2 2 4 17 0 0 0 0 34 0 2 2 4
Liechtenstein (LIE) 17 0 0 0 0 19 2 2 6 10 36 2 2 6 10
Lithuania (LTU) 9 6 7 12 25 9 0 0 0 0 18 6 7 12 25
Luxembourg (LUX) [O] 23 1 1 0 2 9 0 2 0 2 32 1 3 0 4
Macedonia (MKD) 6 0 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 1 1
Malaysia (MAS) [MAS] 13 0 7 4 11 1 0 0 0 0 14 0 7 4 11
Mauritius (MRI) 9 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 1 1
Mexico (MEX) 23 13 24 32 69 9 0 0 0 0 32 13 24 32 69
Moldova (MDA) 6 0 2 3 5 7 0 0 0 0 13 0 2 3 5
Mongolia (MGL) 13 2 10 14 26 14 0 0 0 0 27 2 10 14 26
Montenegro (MNE) 3 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 6 0 1 0 1
Morocco (MAR) 14 6 5 12 23 7 0 0 0 0 21 6 5 12 23
Mozambique (MOZ) 10 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 10 1 0 1 2
Namibia (NAM) 7 0 4 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 4 0 4
Netherlands (NED) [Z] 26 85 92 108 285 21 45 44 41 130 47 130 136 149 415
Netherlands Antilles (AHO) [AHO] [I] 13 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 15 0 1 0 1
New Zealand (NZL) [NZL] 23 46 27 44 117 16 0 1 2 3 39 46 28 46 120
Niger (NIG) 12 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 1 1 2
Nigeria (NGR) 16 3 10 12 25 1 0 0 0 0 17 3 10 12 25
Norway (NOR) [Q] 25 56 49 47 152 23 132 125 111 368 48 188 174 158 520
Pakistan (PAK) 17 3 3 4 10 3 0 0 0 0 20 3 3 4 10
Panama (PAN) 17 1 0 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 17 1 0 2 3
Paraguay (PAR) 12 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 13 0 1 0 1
Peru (PER) [L] 18 1 3 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 20 1 3 0 4
Philippines (PHI) 21 0 3 7 10 5 0 0 0 0 26 0 3 7 10
Poland (POL) 21 68 83 133 284 23 7 7 8 22 44 75 90 141 306
Portugal (POR) 24 4 8 12 24 8 0 0 0 0 32 4 8 12 24
Puerto Rico (PUR) 18 1 2 6 9 7 0 0 0 0 25 1 2 6 9
Qatar (QAT) 9 0 1 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 1 4 5
Romania (ROU) 21 89 95 122 306 21 0 0 1 1 42 89 95 123 307
Russia (RUS) [RUS] 6 149 124 153 426 6 47 38 35 120 12 196 162 188 546
Russian Empire (RU1) [RU1] 3 1 4 3 8 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 4 3 8
Soviet Union (URS) [URS] 9 395 319 296 1,010 9 78 57 59 194 18 473 376 355 1,204
Saudi Arabia (KSA) 11 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 1 2 3
Samoa (SAM) 9 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 1 0 1
Senegal (SEN) 14 0 1 0 1 5 0 0 0 0 19 0 1 0 1
Serbia (SRB) [SRB] 4 3 6 6 15 3 0 0 0 0 7 3 6 6 15
Serbia and Montenegro (SCG) [SCG] 1 0 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 2
Singapore (SIN) 16 1 2 2 5 1 0 0 0 0 17 1 2 2 5
Slovakia (SVK) [SVK] 6 9 12 7 28 7 3 4 1 8 13 12 16 8 36
Slovenia (SLO) 7 5 8 10 23 8 2 5 10 17 15 7 13 20 40
South Africa (RSA) 19 26 31 29 86 7 0 0 0 0 26 26 31 29 86
Spain (ESP) [Z] 23 45 64 41 150 20 1 0 3 4 43 46 64 44 154
Sri Lanka (SRI) [SRI] 17 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 17 0 2 0 2
Sudan (SUD) 12 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 12 0 1 0 1
Suriname (SUR) [E] 12 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 12 1 0 1 2
Sweden (SWE) [Z] 27 145 170 179 494 23 57 46 55 158 50 202 216 234 652
Switzerland (SUI) 28 50 75 67 192 23 55 46 52 153 51 105 121 119 345
Syria (SYR) 13 1 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 13 1 1 1 3
Chinese Taipei (TPE) [TPE] [TPE2] 14 5 7 12 24 12 0 0 0 0 26 5 7 12 24
Tajikistan (TJK) 6 1 1 2 4 4 0 0 0 0 10 1 1 2 4
Tanzania (TAN) [TAN] 13 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 2 0 2
Thailand (THA) 16 9 8 16 33 4 0 0 0 0 20 9 8 16 33
Togo (TOG) 10 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 1 1
Tonga (TGA) 9 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 11 0 1 0 1
Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) [TRI] 17 2 6 11 19 3 0 0 0 0 20 2 6 11 19
Tunisia (TUN) 14 4 2 7 13 0 0 0 0 0 14 4 2 7 13
Turkey (TUR) 22 39 24 28 91 17 0 0 0 0 39 39 24 28 91
Uganda (UGA) 15 2 3 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 15 2 3 2 7
Ukraine (UKR) 6 35 30 56 121 7 3 1 4 8 13 38 31 60 129
United Arab Emirates (UAE) 9 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 9 1 0 1 2
United States (USA) [P] [Q] [R] [Z] 27 1,022 795 705 2,522 23 105 110 90 305 50 1,127 905 795 2,827
Uruguay (URU) 21 2 2 6 10 1 0 0 0 0 22 2 2 6 10
Uzbekistan (UZB) 6 8 6 17 31 7 1 0 0 1 13 9 6 17 32
Venezuela (VEN) 18 2 3 10 15 4 0 0 0 0 22 2 3 10 15
Vietnam (VIE) 15 1 3 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 15 1 3 0 4
Virgin Islands (ISV) 12 0 1 0 1 7 0 0 0 0 19 0 1 0 1
Yugoslavia (YUG) [YUG] 18 28 31 31 90 16 0 3 1 4 34 28 34 32 94
Zambia (ZAM) [ZAM] 13 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 1 1 2
Zimbabwe (ZIM) [ZIM] 13 3 4 1 8 1 0 0 0 0 14 3 4 1 8
Unified Team (EUN) [EUN] 1 45 38 29 112 1 9 6 8 23 2 54 44 37 135
Independent Olympic Athletes (IOA) [IOA] 3 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 2
Independent Olympic Participants (IOP) [IOP] 1 0 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 3
Olympic Athletes from Russia (OAR) [OAR] 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 6 9 17 1 2 6 9 17
Mixed team (ZZX) [ZZX] 3 8 5 4 17 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 5 4 17
Totals
28
5,115
5,080
5,482
15,677
23
1,060
1,058
1,050
3,168
51
6,175
6,138
6,532
18,845
The sum total of gold, silver and bronze medals are not equal for the following reasons:
Some sports (such as boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling) award or have previously awarded two bronze medals per competition.
Some tied performances have resulted in multiple medals of the same colour being awarded for an event. If this tie is for gold or silver, there will be a consequent absence of a silver or bronze medal for that event.
Not all medals which have been revoked have been re-awarded.
Some early events, such as cricket at the 1900 Summer Olympics had only two entrants.
Retroactively awarding gold, silver and bronze medals for the 1896 and 1900 games results in some anomalies, such as the 100 metre freestyle swimming event in 1896 where no surviving records distinguish the places of those who finished between 3rd and 10th position.
NOCs without medals[edit]
After the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, 71 of the current 206 National Olympic Committees have yet to win an Olympic medal. Seven historic National Olympic Committees and the Refugee Olympic Team are also included in this list.
Team (IOC code)
№ Summer
№ Winter
№ Games
Albania (ALB) 8 4 12
American Samoa (ASA) 8 1 9
Andorra (AND) 11 12 23
Angola (ANG) 9 0 9
Antigua and Barbuda (ANT) 10 0 10
Aruba (ARU) 8 0 8
Bangladesh (BAN) 9 0 9
Belize (BIZ) [BIZ] 12 0 12
Benin (BEN) [BEN] 11 0 11
Bhutan (BHU) 9 0 9
Bolivia (BOL) 14 6 20
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH) 7 7 14
British Virgin Islands (IVB) 9 2 11
Brunei (BRU) [A] 5 0 5
Burkina Faso (BUR) [BUR] 9 0 9
Cambodia (CAM) 9 0 9
Cape Verde (CPV) 6 0 6
Cayman Islands (CAY) 10 2 12
Central African Republic (CAF) 10 0 10
Chad (CHA) 12 0 12
Comoros (COM) 6 0 6
Congo (CGO) 12 0 12
Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD) [COD] 10 0 10
Cook Islands (COK) 8 0 8
Dominica (DMA) 6 1 7
El Salvador (ESA) 11 0 11
Equatorial Guinea (GEQ) 9 0 9
The Gambia (GAM) 9 0 9
Guam (GUM) 8 1 9
Guinea (GUI) 11 0 11
Guinea-Bissau (GBS) 6 0 6
Honduras (HON) 11 1 12
Kiribati (KIR) 4 0 4
Korea (COR) 0 1 1
Laos (LAO) 9 0 9
Lesotho (LES) 11 0 11
Liberia (LBR) [C] 12 0 12
Libya (LBA) [D] 10 0 10
Madagascar (MAD) 12 2 14
Malawi (MAW) 10 0 10
Maldives (MDV) 8 0 8
Mali (MLI) 13 0 13
Malta (MLT) 16 2 18
Marshall Islands (MHL) 3 0 3
Mauritania (MTN) 9 0 9
Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) 5 0 5
Monaco (MON) [N] 20 10 30
Myanmar (MYA) [MYA] 17 0 17
Nauru (NRU) 6 0 6
Nepal (NEP)[a] 13 4 17
Nicaragua (NCA) 12 0 12
Oman (OMA) 9 0 9
Palau (PLW) 5 0 5
Palestine (PLE) 6 0 6
Papua New Guinea (PNG) 10 0 10
Rwanda (RWA) 9 0 9
Saint Kitts and Nevis (SKN) 6 0 6
Saint Lucia (LCA) 6 0 6
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (VIN) 8 0 8
San Marino (SMR) 14 10 24
São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) 6 0 6
Seychelles (SEY) 9 0 9
Sierra Leone (SLE) 11 0 11
Solomon Islands (SOL) 9 0 9
Somalia (SOM) 9 0 9
South Sudan (SSD) 1 0 1
Swaziland (SWZ) 10 1 11
East Timor (TLS) [I] 4 2 6
Turkmenistan (TKM) 6 0 6
Tuvalu (TUV) 3 0 3
Vanuatu (VAN) 8 0 8
Yemen (YEM) [YEM] 7 0 7
North Borneo (NBO) [NBO] 1 0 1
Malaya (MAL) [MAL] 2 0 2
Republic of China (ROC) [ROC] 3 0 3
Saar (SAA) [SAA] 1 0 1
North Yemen (YAR) [YAR] 2 0 2
South Yemen (YMD) [YMD] 1 0 1
Refugee Olympic Team (ROT) [ROT] 1 0 1
^ Tejbir Bura was the first and only Nepalese person to receive an Olympic gold medal. During the 1924 Winter Olympic closing ceremony, the IOC awarded a gold medal in alpinism for the 1922 British Mount Everest expedition, which recognized 21 mountaineers, including the first athletes to be awarded medals posthumously, seven Indian sherpas who were killed in an avalanche on the third and last attempt to summit.[2]
Variations[edit]
The sections above are based on information published by the International Olympic Committee. Various sources deal with some of the entries in the preceding sections differently.
Early Olympics[edit]
For the 1900 Summer Olympics several countries are credited with appearances that are not considered official by the IOC. Only one of these cases concerns a medal. A gold medal that is officially added to France's total is given to Luxembourg.[3]
Similar cases of disputed nationality affect the 1904 Summer Olympics. France is credited with a silver medal[4] and Norway with two gold medals.[5] In the table above these medals are listed under the United States. Furthermore, Newfoundland is occasionally listed as a separate country at the 1904 Olympics, and would be listed as a historical NOC without medals.[6]
Other differences from the official table are based on disagreements about which events were Olympic. This affects several of the events in the 1900 and 1904 Olympics. In addition, some sources include the 1906 Intercalated Games when compiling their medal tables.[7]
Alpinism and aeronautics[edit]
From 1924 through 1936, the IOC on several occasions awarded gold medals for feats of alpinism and aeronautics that occurred in the preceding four-year Olympiad. In 1924, 1932 and 1936, gold medals were awarded to 25 mountaineers from six nations for expeditions in the Himalayas and the Matterhorn. In 1936, a gold medal was awarded to Hermann Schreiber of Switzerland for crossing the Alps in a glider in 1935, the first time that had been done.[2][8][9][10] Some sources include these IOC awards of gold medals in the overall count.
Germany[edit]
Germany has competed under five different designations, including as two separate teams at several Games. Sources vary in how they present the medals won by these teams. The table below shows sourced combinations of these teams, when applied to the updated medal totals from the main table.
Summer Games
Winter Games
Combined Total
Team (IOC code)
№
01 !
02 !
03 !
Total
№
01 !
02 !
03 !
Total
№
01 !
02 !
03 !
Total
Germany (GER)[11] 16 191 192 232 615 12 92 88 60 240 28 283 280 292 855
Germany (GER) (EUA)[12] 19 219 246 268 733 15 100 94 65 259 34 319 340 333 992
Germany (GER) (EUA) (FRG)[13] 24 275 313 349 937 21 111 109 78 298 45 386 422 427 1235
Germany (GER) (EUA) (FRG) (GDR)[14] 25[15] 428 442 476 1346 21 150 145 113 408 46[15] 578 587 589 1754
Russia and the Soviet Union[edit]
The Russian Federation, the Russian Empire and the Olympic Athletes from Russia are often combined outside of IOC sources. The Soviet Union is sometimes combined with the post-union team that competed in 1992. Few sources combine the Soviet Union and Russia as many republics which subsequently gained independence (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan) contributed to the medal tally of the USSR.
Summer Games
Winter Games
Combined Total
Team (IOC code)
№
01 !
02 !
03 !
Total
№
01 !
02 !
03 !
Total
№
01 !
02 !
03 !
Total
Russia (RUS)[16] 6 149 124 153 426 6 47 38 35 120 12 196 162 188 546
Russia (RUS)(RU1, OAR)[17] 9 150 128 156 434 7 49 44 44 137 16 199 172 200 571
Soviet Union (URS)[13] 9 395 319 296 1010 9 78 57 59 194 18 473 376 355 1204
Soviet Union (URS)(EUN)[14] 10 440 357 325 1122 10 87 63 67 217 20 527 420 392 1339
Russia (RUS)(RU1, OAR) Soviet Union (URS)(EUN)[18]
19
590
485
481
1556
17
136
107
111
354
36
726
592
592
1910
Notes[edit]
Obsolete nations notes[edit]
ANZ → AUS , NZL Australasia (ANZ) was a combined team of athletes from Australia (AUS) and New Zealand (NZL). They competed together during the 1908 and 1912 Games.
BOH → TCH → CZE , SVK Prior to the foundation of Czechoslovakia (TCH) after World War I, athletes from Bohemia (BOH) (now part of the present-day Czech Republic) competed in 1900, 1908, and 1912 Games. Czechoslovakia competed in 1920–1992, from 1994 represented by successor NOCs of Czech Republic (CZE) and Slovakia (SVK).
BWI → BAR , JAM , TRI Athletes from Barbados (BAR), Jamaica (JAM), and Trinidad and Tobago (TRI) competed as the British West Indies (BWI) at the 1960 Games. The West Indies Federation only existed as a nation from 1958–1962, so the constituent nations once again competed independently in 1964.
SAA , EUA , GDR , FRG → GER Germany (GER) competed 1896–1952 and from 1992. Due to the partition of Germany after World War II, Germany was represented by two teams at the 1952 Games — Germany (GER) and the Saar (SAA). The Saar was reintegrated back into the Federal Republic of Germany on 1 January 1957, and Saar athletes then competed for Germany. East Germany did not contribute athletes to the 1952 team, as the National Olympic Committee for the German Democratic Republic was only granted "provisional" recognition by the IOC in 1955. For the Games of 1956–1964, Germany participated as a United Team of Germany (EUA), representing the National Olympic Committees of both West Germany and East Germany. Retrospectively, the IOC uses the country code EUA for this team. After the NOC for the German Democratic Republic was granted full recognition by the IOC in 1968, East Germany (GDR) and West Germany (FRG) competed as two independent teams from the 1968 to the 1988 Games.
MAL , NBO → MAS Athletes from Malaya (MAL) and North Borneo (NBO) competed as independent teams at the 1956 Games and Malaya also competed at the 1960 Games, prior to the formation of the Federation of Malaysia (MAS) in 1963.
AHO The Netherlands Antilles (AHO), an autonomous country within the Netherlands (NED), competed 1952–2008. The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee's membership in the IOC was withdrawn in 2011 because of the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles.
RU1 → URS → EUN → RUS Russian Empire (RU1) participated at the 1900, 1908 and 1912 Games prior to the World War I. Soviet Union (URS) competed from 1952 to 1988. Unified Team (EUN) is the generic name used for a combined team of six post-Soviet republics that competed at the 1992 Winter Olympics and a combined team of twelve post-Soviet republics that competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. Russian Federation (RUS) and the other fourteen post-Soviet republics started competing independently since 1992 (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia), 1994 or 1996.
SRB , YUG , SCG Serbia (SRB, 1912, 2006-current) first participated at the Olympic Games in 1912. Yugoslavia (YUG, 1920-1992 Winter) competed as Kingdom of Yugoslavia (officially the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes until 1929) in five Games (1920–1936) before the Second World War. They later competed as Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for the Games (1948–1992 Winter). This ended with the Breakup of Yugoslavia. Some ex-Yugoslavian nations (Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina) have competed as independent teams since 1992. Individual athletes from the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) competed as Independent Olympic Participants (IOP) at the 1992 Summer Games because of sanctions placed by the United Nations. Athletes representing Macedonia likewise competed as independent olympic participants because their NOC had not yet been formed. Since 1996 Macedonia has competed as independent team. The combined team Serbia and Montenegro (SCG, 2004-2006) consisted of the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro. They competed as Yugoslavia from (YUG, 1996–2002) and then changed to State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (2004–2006). After 96 years Serbia returned to the Olympics as an independent team at the 2008 Games. Montenegro first participated as an independent team in 2008.
YAR , YMD → YEM Prior to Yemeni unification in 1990, North Yemen participated as the Yemen Arab Republic (YAR) in 1984 and 1988, and South Yemen participated as the Yemen Democratic Republic (YMD) at the 1988 Games. After forming united republic Yemen (YEM) has participated since 1992.
ROC → CHN , TPE The Republic of China was designated as China at the 1932, 1936, and 1948 Games and was representing all of China (including Taiwan). After the Chinese Civil War, the People's Republic of China (CHN) and Chinese Taipei (TPE) have participated as separate teams.
ZZX Special code used by the IOC to refer to medals won by athletes of multiple nations competing together, which was common in early Games (1896–1904). These medals are not included in the respective totals for each nation represented by individual mixed team athletes.
IOP , IOA , OAR Special codes used by the IOC for athletes whose NOC is not recognized by IOC. At the 1992 Summer Olympics fifty eight athletes from former Yugoslavia competed as Independent Olympic Participants (IOP). At the 2000 Summer Olympics four athletes from East Timor competed as Individual Olympic Athletes (IOA). At the 2012 Summer Olympics three athletes from former Netherlands Antilles and one athlete from South Sudan competed as Independent Olympic Athletes (IOA). At the 2014 Winter Olympics three athletes from India competed as Independent Olympic Participants (IOP). At the 2016 Summer Olympics nine athletes from Kuwait competed as Independent Olympic Athletes (IOA). At the 2018 Winter Olympics one hundred sixty eight athletes from Russia competed as Olympics Athletes from Russia (OAR).
Name changes notes[edit]
BIZ Belize participated under its former name of British Honduras (HBR) in 1968 and 1972.
BEN Benin was known as Dahomey (DAH) in 1972.
BUR Burkina Faso was known as Upper Volta (VOL) in 1972.
TPE2 After the Chinese Civil War, Chinese Taipei (TPE) participated using the name of the Republic of China at the 1956, 1960, 1972 and 1976 (winter) Games and using Taiwan designation at the 1964 and 1968 Games. In 1979, the IOC started to use Chinese Taipei to refer to the NOC, a compromise that was acceptable for the People's Republic of China (CHN) that led to the start of its participation in the Olympic Games. The name Chinese Taipei was first used in 1984. Participation of the Republic of China, representing all of China (including Taiwan), in 1932, 1936 and 1948 Games are not counted in Taiwan's total participation count.
COD The Democratic Republic of the Congo was known as Zaire (ZAI) between 1984 and 1996.
CIV Côte d'Ivoire was known as Ivory Coast between 1964 and 1988.
EGY Egypt participated as the United Arab Republic (UAR) between 1960 and 1968.
GBR Includes medals won by athletes from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1896–1920) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (1924–present), both of which used the name "Great Britain" and the country code GBR.
GHA Prior to Ghana's independence in 1957, Gold Coast participated in the 1952 Games.
GUY Prior to Guyana's independence in 1966, British Guiana participated from 1948 to 1964.
HKG Totals of Hong Kong (HKG) includes all medals won by athletes representing the Hong Kong National Olympic Committee, designated as "Hong Kong" from 1952–1996 and "Hong Kong, China" since 2000.
MYA Myanmar was known as Burma (BIR) between 1948 and 1988.
SAM Samoa was known as Western Samoa between 1984 and 1996.
SRI Sri Lanka was known as Ceylon (CEY) between 1948 and 1972.
TAN Although Tanganyika and Zanzibar had already merged to form Tanzania in April 1964, the nation was designated Tanganyika in the official report of the 1964 Games.
ZAM Zambia achieved independence on the last day of the 1964 Games, but had participated as Northern Rhodesia (NRH) during those Games.
ZIM Prior to Zimbabwe's independence in 1980, Southern Rhodesia participated as Rhodesia (RHO) in 1928, 1960, and 1964 Games.
Participation notes[edit]
A Brunei's participation in the 1988 Games consisted only of a single official, but no competing athletes. This participation is not counted in Brunei's participation total.
B Djibouti at the 2004 Games took part in the Opening Ceremony, but neither athlete competed, so this participation is not counted in Djibouti's participation total.
C Liberia's athletes withdrew from 1980 Games after marching in the Opening Ceremony and took part in the boycott. This participation is not counted in Liberia's participation total.
D Libya marched in the opening ceremony of the 1964 Games, but then withdrew from competition. This participation is not counted in Libya's participation total.
E Suriname at the 1960 Games took part in the Opening Ceremony, but its lone athlete withdrew from Games due to a scheduling error. Participation of Suriname at the 1960 Games not recognized by IOC, so this participation is not counted in Suriname's participation total.
F India's athletes originally competed at the 2014 Games as Independent Olympic Participants and marched under the Olympic Flag during the opening ceremony due to the Indian Olympic Association's suspension. On February 11, 2014, the Indian Olympic Association was reinstated and India's athletes were allowed the option to compete under their own flag from that time onward.
Ia Ib Does not include the participation of Timor-Leste's and Netherlands Antilles's athletes as Individual Olympic Athletes (IOA) at the 2000 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Za Zb Zc Zd Ze Zf Zg Zh Zi Zj Zk Zl Zm Does not include medals won as part of mixed teams with athletes from other nations (1896–1904).
Disputed participation notes[edit]
H The Bulgarian Olympic Committee claims that Charles Champaud, a Swiss gymnastics teacher living in Sofia, competed for the nation in 1896. Bulgarian participation at the 1896 Games is recognized by the IOC.
I The Chilean Olympic Committee claims that Luis Subercaseaux Errázuriz, a Chilean diplomat and athlete, competed for the nation in 1896. Chilean participation at the 1896 Games is recognized by the IOC.
J Some sources consider Léon Thiércelin, a fencer who competed at the 1900 Games, of Haitian nationality and therefore the first Olympic appearance by Haiti. Participation of Haiti at the 1900 Games is not recognized by the IOC, so this participation is not counted in Haiti's participation total.
K Some sources consider Freydoun Malkom, a fencer who competed at the 1900 Games, of Persian nationality and therefore the first Olympic appearance by Iran. Participation of Iran at the 1900 Games is not recognized by the IOC, so this participation is not counted in Iran's participation total.
L Some sources consider Carlos de Candamo, a fencer who competed at the 1900 Games, of Peruvian nationality and therefore the first Olympic appearance by Peru. Participation of Peru at the 1900 Games is not recognized by the IOC, so this participation is not counted in Peru's participation total.
M Enrico Brusoni's gold medal in the Cycling Men's Points Race at the 1900 Summer Olympics[19] is recognized by the Italian National Olympic Committee as well as the IOC[20] as being won in a 1900 Summer Olympics event, although some sources state it was unofficial.[21]
N Monaco earned a bronze in the art competitions at the 1924 Summer Olympics.[22] However, medals in art competitions are no longer recognized by the IOC.[23]
Oa Ob Michel Théato, a French athlete who won the gold medal in marathon at the 1900 Games, was born in Luxembourg.[3] The IOC does not recognize Luxembourg participation at the 1900 Games and attributes his medal to France.
The nationalities of many medalists at the 1904 Olympics are disputed as many competitors were recent immigrants to the United States who had not yet been granted US citizenship.
Pa Pb Sources are inconsistent regarding Albert Corey's participation in 1904. Although the Games report refers to Corey as a "Frenchman wearing the colors of the Chicago Athletic Association", the IOC attributes his medal in the marathon to the United States instead of France, and in contradiction, the medal in the four mile team race (that was won by a team of three Americans and Corey) to a mixed team composed of athletes from multiple nations instead of just the United States.
Qa Qb The International Olympic Committee considers Norwegian-American wrestlers Charles Ericksen and Bernhoff Hansen to have competed for the United States; each won a gold medal. In 2012, Norwegian historians however found documentation showing that Ericksen did not receive American citizenship until March 22, 1905, and that Hansen, who was registered as an "alien" as late as 1925, probably never received American citizenship. The historians have therefore petitioned to have the athletes registered as Norwegians.[24][25] In May 2013 it was reported that the Norwegian Olympic Committee had filed a formal application for changing the nationality of the wrestlers in IOC's medal database.[26]
R Bob Fowler, an American marathon runner who competed at the 1904 Games, was a native Newfoundlander, Newfoundland is occasionally listed as a separate country at the 1904 Olympics, and would be listed as an historical NOC without medals.[6] Participation of Newfoundland at the 1904 Games is not recognized by the IOC.
S In 2009, historians from the International Society of Olympic Historians discovered that cyclist Frank Bizzoni formerly thought to be an American athlete was still an Italian citizen when he competed in 1904 being granted US citizenship in 1917.[27][28]
See also[edit]
All-time Paralympic Games medal table
All-time Youth Olympic Games medal table
Olympic medal table
List of participating nations at the Summer Olympic Games
List of participating nations at the Winter Olympic Games
List of multiple Olympic gold medalists
List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
List of multiple Olympic gold medalists in one event
List of multiple Olympic medalists
List of multiple Olympic medalists at a single Games
List of multiple Olympic medalists in one event
References[edit]
^ "Olympic Games - Sochi 2014 | Winter Summer Past and Future Olympics". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ a b "Alpinism, Open". OlyMADMen. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
^ a b "Luxembourg at the 1900 Paris Summer Games". Sports Reference. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ "France at the 1904 St. Louis Summer Games". Sports Reference. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ "Norway at the 1904 St. Louis Summer Games". Sports Reference. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ a b "Bob Fowler". Sports Reference. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ "What Events are Olympic?". Sports Reference. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ "Alpinism, Open (1932)". OlyMADMen. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
^ "Alpinism, Open (1936)". OlyMADMen. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
^ "Aeronautics at the 1936 Summer Olympics". OlyMADMen. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
^ "Germany". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ "Germany". Sports Reference. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ a b "All Time Summer Olympics Medal Tally". Olympics Universe. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ a b "Timeline: Olympic Powers". BBC. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ a b Counting one more Summer Olympic Games where East Germany in 1980 and West Germany in 1984 competed.
^ "Russian Federation". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ "Russia". Sports Reference. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ Alexander Picolin jr. "Statistics (choose Ewige Tabellen)". Olympiastatistik.de. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
^ "Cycling at the 1900 Paris Summer Games: Men's Points Race". Sports Reference. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
^ "Paris 1900". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2018-05-18. NOCs: 24 Athletes: 997 (22 women, 975 men) Events: 95 The IOC website affirms a total of 95 medal events, which has been the recommendation of Olympic historian Bill Mallon regarding events that should be considered "Olympic".
^ "Italy - Olympic Summer Games". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
^ "Monaco at the 1924 Summer Olympics". Sports Reference. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ "When the Olympics Gave Out Medals for Art | Arts & Culture | Smithsonian". Smithsonian Magazine. 2012-07-25. Retrieved 2014-02-10.
^ "Her er beviset som endrer norsk idrettshistorie". NRK. August 14, 2012.
^ "USA-guld 1904 var Norges". Svenska Dagbladet. August 14, 2012.
^ "Norges OL-historie skrives på nytt". Nettavisen. May 3, 2013.
^ Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement – Italy. books.google.com. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
^ "Frank Bizzoni Olympic Results". Sports Reference. Retrieved 2013-05-02.
External links[edit]
All-time medal counts are compiled by various sources, often adding up related results for Russia, Germany, Serbia, Czech Republic etc.
OlympiaStatistik.de (2006)
NBC
Historical Medals – vancouver2010.com at the Wayback Machine (archived March 13, 2010)
Historical Medals - london2012.com (Summer Games, not corrected for disqualifications after 13 August 2012)
All-time Olympic Medals - series of interactive maps
Olympanalyt.com - medals by countries
Sources
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Grace Under Fire
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the American sitcom. For the Hong Kong martial arts drama, see Grace Under Fire (2011 TV series).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Grace Under Fire
The season 4 characters of Grace Under Fire (from left to right), Floyd, Nadine, Wade, Libby, Grace, Patrick, Quentin, Jean, and Russell
Created by
Chuck Lorre
Starring
Brett Butler
Dave Thomas
Julie White
Casey Sander
Jon Paul Steuer
Sam Horrigan
Kaitlin Cullum
Dylan and Cole Sprouse
Peggy Rea
Charles Hallahan
Don "D.C." Curry
Lauren Tom
Theme music composer
Michael O'Brien
Opening theme
"Lady Madonna" by Aretha Franklin, first run episodes 1993-1996; "Perfect World" by Michael O'Brien, first run episodes 1996-1998 and all episodes in syndication
Composer(s)
Dennis C. Brown
Mark Hayes
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
5
No. of episodes
112 (list of episodes)
Production
Running time
30 minutes
Production company(s)
Carsey-Werner Productions
Release
Original network
ABC
Original release
September 29, 1993 (1993-09-29) – February 17, 1998 (1998-02-17)
Grace Under Fire is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from September 29, 1993, to February 17, 1998. The show starred Brett Butler[1] as a single mother learning how to cope with raising her three children alone after finally divorcing her abusive husband. The series was created by Chuck Lorre and produced by Carsey-Werner Productions.
Grace Under Fire was the highest rated new comedy of the 1993–94 season.
Contents
1 Premise of show
2 Cast
3 Episodes
3.1 Viva Las Vegas
4 Ratings
5 Awards and nominations
6 Controversy and cancellation
7 Syndication
8 Home video release
9 International remakes
10 References
11 External links
Premise of show[edit]
Grace Under Fire, produced by Carsey-Werner International, was part of a wave of shows in the late 1980s and 1990s that were built around a comedian (and in some cases, closely based on his or her comedy routine). As for Carsey-Werner, many of their shows were based on non-traditional, non-nuclear families.[2][3][4]
Grace Under Fire followed a similar formula; set in a small Missouri town,[5] Butler starred as Grace Kelly, a divorced single mother and recovering alcoholic. The show begins after the main character divorces her abusive alcoholic husband of eight years in an attempt to start life anew and prevent her children from making the same mistakes she did. The show revolved around Grace; her children, mischievous Quentin (Noah Segan, pilot; Jon Paul Steuer, seasons 1-3; Sam Horrigan, seasons 4-5), happy-go-lucky Libby (Kaitlin Cullum), and infant Patrick (Dylan and Cole Sprouse); her happily married best friends and neighbors, Nadine and Wade Swoboda (Julie White and Casey Sander); and the town's bachelor pharmacist, Russell Norton (Dave Thomas). All of them helped Grace keep whatever shreds of sanity she had left.
In the first three seasons, the show had a very blue-collar appeal due to Grace's chosen line of work, post-divorce; she operated pipelines at the local oil refinery, and had a second family of fellow crew workers down at the plant. Among them were heavy-set Dougie Boudreau (Walter Olkewicz), friendly Vic (Dave Florek), and Carl (Louis Mandylor). Their gruff boss was Bill Davis (Charles Hallahan). Both Bill and Carl were dropped after the first season; while Carl hadn't a permanent on-screen replacement, the crew's new boss was John Shirley (Paul Dooley) starting in the second season.
Russell's friendship with Grace, and their on-and-off dating rituals, became a running theme in the series. Throughout their friendship they often dated other people; for a time in 1994, Grace dated Ryan Sparks (William Fichtner), a quirky chemist who worked in the oil refinery's labs. In season three, Grace entered into a relationship with suave plant executive Rick Bradshaw (Alan Autry). As with Ryan, the affair between Grace and Rick occurred despite their radically different places in the company ladder. They broke up at the end of season three, although Rick returned in season four to see if their romance could be rekindled.
In season four, Grace began taking college classes at night, paid for by her workplace. When the plant decided to stop funding her education about halfway through the season, Grace decided to quit the oil refinery and return to school full-time as she only needed a few months of concentrated classes to graduate. The remainder of season four featured Grace as a full-time student, and towards the end of the season she did in fact graduate. In the season finale, Grace took an entry-level position with an ad agency, having worked her way up to being a white-collar professional.
At the beginning of the fifth season, however, Grace decided that the commute and long working hours at the St. Louis ad agency were forcing her to spend almost all of her time away from her family. She quit agency job, and took on administrative/business work for a local construction company owned by D.C. (Don "D.C." Curry).
Also in the fifth season, Russell found some romantic interest in Dottie (Lauren Tom), a gossiping hairstylist who was also friends with Grace. Nadine, meanwhile, after having given birth to her and Wade's long-awaited child, abruptly decided to leave Wade and move to Colorado, and was never seen again. (Actress Julie White had left the show between seasons 4 and 5.)
Throughout the entire five-year run, Grace's ex-husband Jimmy Kelly (Geoff Pierson) showed up, sometimes causing problems and at others miraculously clean and sober, trying to win Grace back. A reconciliation never quite happened, but the two did settle on a good friendship for the sake of the kids. In the midst of Jimmy's attempts to get straight, his father Emmett (guest star Matt Clark) died. In the aftermath of his death, it was revealed that Emmett was gay. At this time, Jimmy's mother Jean (Peggy Rea), Grace's disapproving and moralizing former mother-in-law, offered to move in and help Grace raise the kids (Rea had previously guest starred as Jean a few times since the series premiered).
Russell, meanwhile, reconciled with his estranged dad, Floyd (Tom Poston). Seen twice late in season two, by season three Floyd ended up moving in with Russell and working with him in the pharmacy, and appeared on a regular basis. As far as Grace's own kin and past life went, she had a regular source of support from her sister Faith (Valri Bromfield) in the first two seasons. Another development came when Grace was contacted by her first child, Matthew (guest star Tom Everett Scott), whom she gave up for adoption before meeting Jimmy. Matthew had questions about his ancestry and ended up meeting his biological father.
By the fifth season, Dot had replaced Nadine as Grace's friend and confidant, but in early 1998, Dot stopped appearing on the show (though she was still mentioned). Instead, Grace's old friend Bev Henderson (Julia Duffy) came back to town and ended up moving in with the Kellys to get back in touch with her working-class roots. Grace and Bev's personal reunion was unexpectedly the last major storyline of the series. Although she was joining the cast full-time, Duffy only appeared in two episodes of Grace Under Fire before the series was abruptly canceled in mid-February.
Cast[edit]
Brett Butler as Grace Kelly
Dave Thomas as Russell Norton
Julie White as Nadine Swoboda (1993–1997)
Casey Sander as Wade Swoboda
Jon Paul Steuer as Quentin Kelly (1993–1996)
Sam Horrigan as Quentin Kelly (1996-1998)
Kaitlin Cullum as Elizabeth Louise "Libby" Kelly
Dylan and Cole Sprouse as Patrick Kelly
Walter Olkewicz as Dougie Boudreau (1993–1996)
Dave Florek as Vic (1993–1996)
Louis Mandylor as Carl (1993–1994)
Charles Hallahan as Bill Davis (1993–1994)
Valri Bromfield as Faith Burdette (1993–1995)
William Fichtner as Ryan Sparks (1994)
Paul Dooley as John Shirley (1994–1996)
Peggy Rea as Jean Kelly (1995–1998)
Tom Poston as Floyd Norton (1995–1998)
Alan Autry as Rick Bradshaw (1995–1996)
Don "D.C." Curry as D.C. (1997–1998)
Lauren Tom as Dot (1997–1998)
Julia Duffy as Bev Henderson (1998)
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Grace Under Fire episodes
Viva Las Vegas[edit]
See also: Coach (TV series) § Viva Las Vegas, The Drew Carey Show § Viva Las Vegas, and Ellen (TV series) § Viva Las Vegas
The episode "Vega$" is part of a crossover with Coach, The Drew Carey Show and Ellen set in Las Vegas. It features Drew Carey as Drew Carey, Joely Fisher as Paige Clark, Jeremy Piven as Spence Kovak and Jerry Van Dyke as Luther Van Damme.
Ratings[edit]
The show was the highest rated new show in its first season. In the month before Grace Under Fire first aired, Showtime broadcast the Carsey Werner-produced Brett Butler Special, a half-hour comedy performance by Butler.
1993–1994: #5 (17.9 rating)
1994–1995: #4 (18.8 rating)
1995–1996: #13 (13.2 rating)
1996–1997: #45 (tie) (9.1 rating)
1997–1998: #68 (tie)
Awards and nominations[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Grace Under Fire was nominated for three Golden Globe awards: Best Performance by an Actress in a TV Series Comedy/Musical in 1995 and 1997 and Best TV Series Comedy/Musical in 1995.
Jean Stapleton was nominated for the 1995 Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy series Emmy Award for playing Aunt Vivian in the episode "The Road to Paris Texas." Diane Ladd was nominated for the same award the previous year for playing Louise Burdett in the episode entitled "Things Left Undone" written by Brett Butler and Wayne Lemon.
Controversy and cancellation[edit]
As the third season concluded in the spring of 1996, Jon Paul Steuer left the series. Sources have speculated that Steuer's mother pulled him out of the show after an incident with Butler, who allegedly flashed her breasts at the 12-year-old actor.[6] At the start of Season 4, Sam Horrigan became the third actor to play Quentin Kelly, and with him in the role, the character's age advanced to 16.
In the fourth and fifth seasons of the show, Butler was fighting a painkiller addiction, for which she eventually sought medical help. Cast member Julie White left the show after Season 4, also citing Butler's behavior as the reason.[7] The show, which had been a Top 20 series for its first three seasons, began to take a significant drop in the ratings during season four, from 13th place to 45th.[citation needed]
Butler's first round of treatment and rehab delayed the start of the 1997–98 season until November. After Grace Under Fire resumed production on season five, a newly clean Butler struggled to stay that way; the morale on the set was little better than in the previous season, due to the star's erratic behavior. Around the holidays, Butler relapsed again, and although the producers were as committed as ever to continuing the show, ABC was becoming concerned about Butler's overall health, and was less patient with her accelerated amount of missed tapings.
The show's ratings continued to fall dramatically, which may have well been attributed to Butler's reputation in the press, the longer-than-usual hiatus the series took between seasons four and five, and the fact that the character of Grace Kelly no longer went through the kinds of struggles that had made the show successful earlier on. The addition of Julia Duffy several episodes into the fifth season was a last-ditch attempt to improve the ratings, but with Butler in her current state, the network was not inspired to continue on. Rather abruptly, with the February 17, 1998 telecast, ABC canceled the series.[8][9] The three-month-long final season averaged at #68 in the 1997-98 Nielsen ratings.
Syndication[edit]
The series aired in syndication on the Oxygen Network in the United States, and TVtropolis in Canada. In the United Kingdom, the series was picked up by BBC2 where it aired from 1994 to 1999.[10] The show was added to Hulu on March 1, 2014. The series is currently running on the Laff digital broadcast network that went on the air on April 15, 2015.
Home video release[edit]
On May 4, 2015, it was announced that Visual Entertainment (VEI) had acquired the rights to the series in Region 1.[11]
It was subsequently announced that they will release Grace Under Fire: Complete Collection on DVD on October 6, 2015.[12][13]
International remakes[edit]
The show was remade in Russia as Lyuba, Children and the Factory in 2005.[14] A Polish adaptation, Hela w opałach (Hela Under Fire; Hela is short form from Helen), aired on TVN in September 2006.
Also there is another Russian adaptation as Ольга (Olga).[15] The show premiered on TNT on September 5, 2016.[16]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ De Vries, Hilary (September 18, 1994). "Funny Lady, Tv Diva". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Carsey, Marcy". Museum.tv. Archived from the original on December 4, 2002. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
Jump up ^ Watson, Bret (June 30, 1995). "Nyet-Work Television". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (October 7, 1994). "Brett Butler: More Power To Her". Entertainment Weekly.
Jump up ^ Diane K. Shah (1 October 1995). "Grace under pressure. (Brett Butler, star of the hit TV sitcom 'Grace Under Fire')". Playboy via Highbeam. Retrieved 23 December 2013. In chronicling the life of Grace Kelly, a divorced mother of three living in a small Missouri town, it has given sitcom humor a new twist.
Jump up ^ Flint, Joe (1997-09-12). "Sad Fall From 'Grace'". EW.com. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
Jump up ^ "Grace Under Fire | A Television Heaven Review". Televisionheaven.co.uk. Archived from the original on October 15, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Brett Butler's Problems Halt `Grace Under Fire'". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved November 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lowry, Brian (February 17, 1998). "Why 'Grace' Tumbled Under Fire". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ "BBC - Comedy Guide - Grace Under Fire". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2005-01-28. Retrieved 2013-09-04.
Jump up ^ "Grace Under Fire DVD news: DVD Plans for Grace Under Fire". TVShowsOnDVD.com. April 5, 2015. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Grace Under Fire DVD news: Box Art for Grace Under Fire - The Complete Collection". TVShowsOnDVD.com. July 27, 2015. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Grace Under Fire DVD news: Release Date and Price for Grace Under Fire - The Complete Collection". TVShowsOnDVD.com. August 31, 2015. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Москва Нью-Йорк Лондон. "Кинокомпания Амедиа". Amediafilm.com. Archived from the original on October 3, 2012. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ ОЛЬГА. Премьера ТНТ 2016!. "GoodStoryMedia". goodstorymedia.com. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
Jump up ^ ОЛЬГА. "Official page on website TNT". olga.tnt-online.ru. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
External links[edit]
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Spinal shock
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Spinal shock was first defined by Whytt in 1750 as a loss of sensation accompanied by motor paralysis with initial loss but gradual recovery of reflexes, following a spinal cord injury (SCI) – most often a complete transection. Reflexes in the spinal cord below the level of injury are depressed (hyporeflexia) or absent (areflexia), while those above the level of the injury remain unaffected. The 'shock' in spinal shock does not refer to circulatory collapse, and should not be confused with neurogenic shock, which is life-threatening
Phases of spinal shock[edit]
Phase
Time
Physical exam finding
Underlying physiological event
1 0–1d Areflexia/Hyporeflexia Loss of descending facilitation
2 1–3d Initial reflex return Denervation supersensitivity
3 1–4w Hyperreflexia (initial) Axon-supported synapse growth
4 1–12m Hyperreflexia, Spasticity Soma-supported synapse growth
Ditunno et al. proposed a four-phase model for spinal shock in 2004 as follows:[1]
Phase 1 is characterized by a complete loss—or weakening—of all reflexes below the SCI. This phase lasts for a day. The neurons involved in various reflex arcs normally receive a basal level of excitatory stimulation from the brain. After an SCI, these cells lose this input, and the neurons involved become hyperpolarized and therefore less responsive to stimuli.
Phase 2 occurs over the next two days, and is characterized by the return of some, but not all, reflexes below the SCI. The first reflexes to reappear are polysynaptic in nature, such as the bulbocavernosus reflex. Monosynaptic reflexes, such as the deep tendon reflexes, are not restored until Phase 3. Restoration of reflexes is not rostral to caudal as previously (and commonly) believed, but instead proceeds from polysynaptic to monosynaptic. The reason reflexes return is the hypersensitivity of reflex muscles following denervation – more receptors for neurotransmitters are expressed and are therefore easier to stimulate.
Phases 3 and 4 are characterized by hyperreflexia, or abnormally strong reflexes usually produced with minimal stimulation. Interneurons and lower motor neurons below the SCI begin sprouting, attempting to re-establish synapses. The first synapses to form are from shorter axons, usually from interneurons – this categorizes Phase 3. Phase 4 on the other hand, is soma-mediated, and will take longer for the soma to transport various growth factors, including proteins, to the end of the axon.[2]
Autonomic effects[edit]
In spinal cord injuries above T6, neurogenic shock may occur, from the loss of autonomic innervation from the brain. Parasympathetic is preserved but the synergy between sympathetic and parasympathetic system is lost in cervical and high thoracic SCI lesions. Sacral parasympathetic loss may be encountered in lesions below T6 or T7. Cervical lesions cause total loss of sympathetic innervation and lead to vasovagal hypotension and bradyarrhythmias – which resolve in 3–6 weeks. Autonomic dysreflexia is permanent, and occurs from Phase 4 onwards. It is characterized by unchecked sympathetic stimulation below the SCI (from a loss of cranial regulation), leading to often extreme hypertension, loss of bladder or bowel control, sweating, headaches, and other sympathetic effects.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ditunno, JF; Little, JW; Tessler, A; Burns, AS (2004). "Spinal shock revisited: a four-phase model". Spinal Cord. 42 (7): 383–95. doi:10.1038/sj.sc.3101603. PMID 15037862.
Jump up ^ Tufts University, Boston, USA – Case Study: 10 patients with SCI, traumatic spinal cord injury UJUS 2009, Retrieved April 20, 2010
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spinal_shock&oldid=750724546"
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