text:
James Bond music
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The James Bond film series from Eon Productions features numerous musical compositions, many of which are now considered classic pieces of film music. The best known of these pieces is the ubiquitous "James Bond Theme". Other instrumentals, such as the "007 Theme" or "On Her Majesty's Secret Service", and various songs, such as Shirley Bassey's "Goldfinger", Paul McCartney's "Live and Let Die" or Carly Simon's "Nobody Does It Better", Sheena Easton's "For Your Eyes Only" and Duran Duran's "A View to a Kill" have also become identified with the series.
Two Bond songs have won the Academy Award for Best Original Song: "Skyfall" from Skyfall (2012) and "Writing's on the Wall" from Spectre (2015).
Contents
[hide]
1 "James Bond Theme"
2 "James Bond Is Back"
3 "007 Theme"
4 "Suspense" motif
5 Composers (Eon Productions)
6 Music from Eon Productions
6.1 Title themes
6.2 Secondary songs
6.3 Foreign songs
6.4 Additional music
7 Non-Eon Productions songs
7.1 Main title themes
7.2 Secondary songs
7.3 Foreign songs
7.4 Rejected songs
8 Unused songs
9 Cover versions and spin-offs
10 Video games
11 Novels
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
"James Bond Theme"[edit]
Main article: James Bond Theme
"James Bond Is Back"[edit]
The briefest of "James Bond themes", this composition started off the "Opening Titles" music of From Russia with Love. It was heard in the On Her Majesty's Secret Service film trailer. WLS (AM) used the theme in the mid-1960s for their secret agent radio serial "The Wild Adventures of Peter Fugitive" that appeared on "The Art Roberts Show".[1]
"007 Theme"[edit]
"007 Theme", not to be confused with the "James Bond Theme", is an adventure theme composed by John Barry in 1963 for the Bond film, From Russia with Love.[2] "The John Barry Seven" had pop chart hit with a cover version of Elmer Bernstein's theme to The Magnificent Seven that featured seven beats repeated throughout the theme. Barry used seven beats throughout the "007 Theme".
It became a secondary theme for the Bond films, being used throughout the series, primarily during action scenes. Here are its most notable appearances:
From Russia with Love — Played during the gypsy camp gunfight and also during Bond's theft of the Lektor decoder from the Russian embassy in Istanbul.
Thunderball — Featured briefly in a climactic underwater fight and featuring on the film soundtrack album; a similar but different theme of seven beats is played when Bond runs from SPECTRE during a parade and during the climax.
You Only Live Twice — Played during the flight of "Little Nellie" before Bond battles four helicopters that attack him.
Diamonds Are Forever — Played during Bond's destruction of Blofeld's Headquarters.
Moonraker — Played during the Amazon River chase.
The theme has not been featured in its entirety in a Bond film since its use in Moonraker.
This piece of music was also used by Al Primo, the news director at KYW-TV in Philadelphia for its long-time theme to Eyewitness News, and was adopted by other Group W stations in Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Boston and San Francisco as well as other non-Group W stations, including WLS-TV in Chicago. The theme was also sampled by Big Audio Dynamite for the 1986 song "Sightsee M.C!"
"Suspense" motif[edit]
Like John Barry, David Arnold has left his own mark in the music of James Bond. In this case, he has established what can be called the "suspense motif", which is a descending, repetitive four-note motif that can be heard in most of the Bond films he has scored, starting with Tomorrow Never Dies. It is usually an underlying motif playing under the main melody, and is usually orchestrated with piano trills, high strings, horns, blaring trumpets, and an underlying snare drum. This motif can be heard in:
Tomorrow Never Dies — "Station Break", "*-3-Send", "Underwater Discovery"
The World Is Not Enough — "Pipeline", "Submarine"
Die Another Day — "Death of Moon", "Antonov"
Casino Royale — "Miami International", "Dirty Martini", and very briefly in "African Rundown"
Composers (Eon Productions)[edit]
The largest contributions to the Bond films, save for the "James Bond Theme", are works from John Barry. In addition to his uncredited contribution to Dr. No, Barry composed eleven Bond soundtracks and is credited with the creation of "007" (dominated by brass and percussion) and the popular orchestral theme from On Her Majesty's Secret Service.
Next to Barry, David Arnold is the series' most regular composer. He composed the scores for five Bond films: Tomorrow Never Dies through Quantum of Solace. His Barry-esque orchestrations combined with electronic rhythm elements gave the Pierce Brosnan era its musical identity. Arnold was essentially Barry's anointed successor, Barry having recommended Arnold to Barbara Broccoli when she took over the Bond films from her father Albert R. Broccoli.
Other major composers and record-producers include George Martin, Bill Conti, Michael Kamen, Marvin Hamlisch, Éric Serra and Thomas Newman. Each of these composed for only one Bond film, with the exception of Newman. The departures from John Barry had various causes. Sometimes Barry declined in order to avoid paying double income tax—US and UK. Sometimes the director had worked with the composer of his choice on other films—the latter happened to David Arnold with Skyfall and Spectre.
Film
Year
Score composer
Dr. No 1962 Monty Norman
From Russia with Love 1963 John Barry
Goldfinger 1964
Thunderball 1965
You Only Live Twice 1967
On Her Majesty's Secret Service 1969
Diamonds Are Forever 1971
Live and Let Die 1973 George Martin
The Man with the Golden Gun 1974 John Barry
The Spy Who Loved Me 1977 Marvin Hamlisch
Moonraker 1979 John Barry
For Your Eyes Only 1981 Bill Conti
Octopussy 1983 John Barry
A View to a Kill 1985
The Living Daylights 1987
Licence to Kill 1989 Michael Kamen
GoldenEye 1995 Éric Serra
Tomorrow Never Dies 1997 David Arnold
The World Is Not Enough 1999
Die Another Day 2002
Casino Royale 2006
Quantum of Solace 2008
Skyfall 2012 Thomas Newman
Spectre 2015
Music from Eon Productions[edit]
Title themes[edit]
The "James Bond Theme" is the main theme for Dr. No, and has featured in all the Eon Productions Bond films in different versions. The theme has also featured on the gun barrel sequences at the beginning of the films. The original theme was written by Monty Norman, and was performed by John Barry and his orchestra in 1962. In the opening credits of Dr. No, two other pieces were played: an untitled bongo interlude and a Calypso-flavored rendition of "Three Blind Mice", titled "Kingston Calypso". Due to this, Dr. No is the only film to have more than one opening theme. The "James Bond Theme" reached No. 13 in the UK Singles Chart, and remained in the charts for 13 weeks.[3]
The opening credits of From Russia with Love were accompanied by an instrumental version of the main theme, arranged by John Barry and written by Lionel Bart. A single by The John Barry Orchestra reached No. 39 in the U.K. At the film's end, a vocal version by English singer Matt Monro is heard. This song spent 13 weeks in the U.K. charts, peaking at No. 20.[3]
Goldfinger was the third soundtrack composed by John Barry, and this time the theme song had lyrics written by Anthony Newley and Leslie Bricusse. The soundtrack reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 and spent 70 weeks on the charts.[4] It also peaked at No. 14 on the UK Albums Chart,[3] and received the Bond series first Grammy Award nomination, Best Original Score from a Motion Picture or Television Show.[5]
Welsh singer Shirley Bassey has performed the most Bond themes – she recorded the themes to Goldfinger, Diamonds Are Forever, and Moonraker. Bassey also recorded her own versions of "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" for Thunderball and it was rumoured that "No Good About Goodbye" was intended for Quantum of Solace, however David Arnold said 'No Good About Goodbye' was never intended as a Bond song.[6]
Paul McCartney's performance of "Live and Let Die" was the first Bond theme song to be nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song; it reached No. 2 as a U.S. single, and No. 9 on the U.K. charts.[3][4] George Martin's work in the song won the Grammy for Best Arrangement Accompanying Vocalists.[7] Marvin Hamlisch's (music) and Carole Bayer Sager's (lyrics) "Nobody Does It Better" (performed by Carly Simon) received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, as did Bill Conti's "For Your Eyes Only", which was performed by Sheena Easton. It was not until the 2013 Oscars that a Bond theme song finally won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, the theme song from Skyfall by Adele. Thomas Newman's score also got the first nomination for Academy Award for Best Original Score in the series since Hamlisch's own for The Spy Who Loved Me, while winning the Grammy for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media. Adele's song also won the Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media.[8] Sam Smith's "Writing's on the Wall" from Spectre would also win the Oscar for Best Original Song.
Duran Duran and John Barry's "A View To A Kill" topped the singles charts in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, the only Bond theme to hit No. 1 in the United States.[4] No James Bond theme had topped the charts in the UK until Sam Smith's "Writing's on the Wall" entered the charts at number one on 2 October 2015.[9]
Several of the later films have alternative theme songs, often during the closing credits. The Living Daylights featured The Pretenders performing "If There Was a Man," composed by John Barry with Chrissie Hynde. Licence to Kill has "If You Asked Me To" sung by Patti Labelle. GoldenEye featured Éric Serra's "The Experience of Love". Tomorrow Never Dies included k.d. lang's "Surrender" during the closing credits, a song which was originally proposed by composer David Arnold to be the title sequence theme instead of the Sheryl Crow title song. The "Surrender" theme is heard throughout the score while the melody of Sheryl Crow's song is not used again during the film. This hearkens back to the Thunderball soundtrack, where Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang was originally proposed as the opening credits music, only to be replaced by the eponymous title track as sung by Tom Jones.[10]
On Her Majesty's Secret Service featured an instrumental theme tune, something which remains unique amongst the post-From Russia with Love films, and included a vocal theme in the form of Louis Armstrong's performance of "We Have All the Time in the World", written by John Barry and Hal David.
Film
Year
Score composer
Title song
Composed by
Performed by
U.K. peak
position
U.S. peak
position
Dr. No
(soundtrack) 1962 Monty Norman "James Bond Theme" Monty Norman John Barry & Orchestra; Monty Norman 13 —
"Kingston Calypso1"
1. The 'Kingston Calypso' is a.k.a. 'Three Blind Mice'
Byron Lee and the Dragonaires — —
From Russia with Love
(soundtrack) 1963 John Barry "Opening Titles: James Bond Is Back/From Russia with Love/James Bond Theme" John Barry
Lionel Bart
Monty Norman John Barry (title sequence)
Matt Monro (vocal version heard in film first as source music over a radio and then during closing credits) 20 —
Goldfinger
(soundtrack) 1964 "Goldfinger" Leslie Bricusse
Anthony Newley
John Barry Shirley Bassey 21 8
Thunderball
(soundtrack) 1965 "Thunderball" John Barry
Don Black Tom Jones 35 25
You Only Live Twice
(soundtrack) 1967 "You Only Live Twice" Leslie Bricusse
John Barry Nancy Sinatra (charted single is produced by Lee Hazlewood and arranged by Billy Strange and in marked contrast to soundtrack version) 11 44
On Her Majesty's Secret Service
(soundtrack) 1969 "On Her Majesty's Secret Service" John Barry
Hal David The John Barry Orchestra — —
"We Have All the Time in the World"
(secondary theme) Louis Armstrong 3 —
Diamonds Are Forever
(soundtrack) 1971 "Diamonds Are Forever" John Barry
Don Black Shirley Bassey 38 57
Live and Let Die
(soundtrack) 1973 George Martin "Live and Let Die" Paul McCartney
Linda McCartney Paul McCartney & Wings 9 2
The Man with the Golden Gun
(soundtrack) 1974 John Barry "The Man with the Golden Gun" John Barry
Don Black Lulu — —
The Spy Who Loved Me
(soundtrack) 1977 Marvin Hamlisch "Nobody Does It Better" Marvin Hamlisch
Carole Bayer Sager Carly Simon 7 2
Moonraker
(soundtrack) 1979 John Barry "Moonraker" John Barry
Hal David Shirley Bassey — —
For Your Eyes Only
(soundtrack) 1981 Bill Conti "For Your Eyes Only" Bill Conti
Mick Leeson Sheena Easton 8 4
Octopussy
(soundtrack) 1983 John Barry "All Time High" John Barry
Tim Rice
Stephen Short Rita Coolidge 75 36
A View to a Kill
(soundtrack) 1985 "A View to a Kill" John Barry
Duran Duran Duran Duran 2 1
The Living Daylights
(soundtrack) 1987 "The Living Daylights" John Barry
Pål Waaktaar A-ha 5 —
Licence to Kill
(soundtrack) 1989 Michael Kamen "Licence to Kill" Narada Michael Walden
Jeffrey Cohen
Walter Afanasieff Gladys Knight 6 —
GoldenEye
(soundtrack) 1995 Éric Serra "GoldenEye" Bono
The Edge Tina Turner 10 102 [11]
Tomorrow Never Dies
(soundtrack) 1997 David Arnold "Tomorrow Never Dies" Sheryl Crow
Mitchell Froom Sheryl Crow 12 —
The World Is Not Enough
(soundtrack) 1999 "The World Is Not Enough" David Arnold
Don Black Garbage 11 —
Die Another Day
(soundtrack) 2002 "Die Another Day" Madonna
Mirwais Ahmadzaï Madonna 3 8
Casino Royale
(soundtrack) 2006 "You Know My Name" David Arnold
Chris Cornell Chris Cornell 7 79
Quantum of Solace
(soundtrack) 2008 "Another Way to Die" Jack White Jack White
Alicia Keys 9 81
Skyfall
(soundtrack) 2012 Thomas Newman "Skyfall" Adele
Paul Epworth Adele 2 8
Spectre
(soundtrack) 2015 "Writing's on the Wall"
Sam Smith
Jimmy Napes
Sam Smith 1 71
A song titled "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" sung by Shirley Bassey was originally slated to be the theme song of Thunderball. It was re-recorded by Dionne Warwick, but Albert Broccoli insisted the theme song must include the film's title and also decided that the lyrics should not start before the film's title Thunderball appears on-screen. A new song was composed and recorded at the eleventh hour titled "Thunderball", performed by Tom Jones. The melody of "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" remains a major component of the film score.[12]
The songs "All Time High" (Octopussy), "You Know My Name" (Casino Royale), "Another Way to Die" (Quantum of Solace) and "Writing's on the Wall" (Spectre) do not feature the title of its film either in the song title or lyrics (although "Another Way to Die" features the word "solace" in the second stanza). While not named after the film, "Nobody Does It Better" does feature the line "the spy who loved me" in its lyrics.[13]
"You Know My Name", "Skyfall",[14] and "Writing's on the Wall" do not appear on their respective films' soundtrack albums, having been released as standalone singles instead.
Secondary songs[edit]
A number of Bond films include one (or more) additional songs in the soundtrack. Some of these pieces of music, such as "We Have All the Time in the World" by Louis Armstrong, have gone on to become as well known as the main themes, while other songs remain exclusively linked to the film in which they appear.
Film
Title
Year
Performed by
Dr. No "Jump Up!"
"Three Blind Mice1"
"Jamaican Rock"
"Under the Mango Tree"
1 'Three Blind Mice' is a.k.a. the 'Kingston Calypso'
1962 Byron Lee and the Dragonaires
Monty Norman
Diana Coupland
From Russia with Love "From Russia With Love" (End Credits) 1963 Matt Monro
Thunderball "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" 1965 Dionne Warwick
and another version by Shirley Bassey
(not on soundtrack, only instrumental version appears in film)
On Her Majesty's Secret Service "We Have All the Time in the World"
"Do You Know How Christmas Trees Are Grown?" 1969 Louis Armstrong
Nina
For Your Eyes Only "Make It Last All Night" 1981 Rage
A View to a Kill "California Gold" (not on soundtrack) 1985 Gidea Park
The Living Daylights "Where Has Everybody Gone?"
"If There Was a Man" 1987 The Pretenders
Licence to Kill "If You Asked Me To"
"Wedding Party"
"Dirty Love" 1989 Patti Labelle
Ivory
Tim Feehan
GoldenEye "The Experience of Love"
"James Bond Theme" (GoldenEye trailer version) 1995 Éric Serra
Starr Parodi and Jeff Fair (used in teasers, not in film)
Tomorrow Never Dies "Surrender"
"James Bond Theme" 1997 k.d. lang
Moby (trailer music)
The World Is Not Enough "Only Myself to Blame"
"James Bond Theme" (End Title)
"Sweetest Coma Again" (Japanese End Title) 1999 Scott Walker (original end credits song, not in film)
David Arnold (not on soundtrack)
Luna Sea (only on Japanese soundtrack)
Die Another Day "London Calling"
"James Bond Theme (Bond vs. Oakenfold)" 2002 The Clash (not on soundtrack)
Paul Oakenfold (trailer music)
Dionne Warwick's performance of "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" is never actually heard in Thunderball; it was originally to have been the opening credits theme, but this was changed when Albert Broccoli decreed the theme had to include the film's title. The melody of "Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" is heard throughout the film; Warwick's version was finally released in the 1990s.
The original end title theme to The World Is Not Enough was "Only Myself to Blame", composed by David Arnold and Don Black, and sung by Scott Walker, but was left out of the final film and replaced by an Arnold arrangement of the "James Bond Theme". "Blame" was, however, left on The World Is Not Enough soundtrack album, and its melody, representing the Elektra King character, appears throughout the score, most prominently in the tracks "Casino" and "Elektra's Theme."
Matt Monro's vocal rendition of "From Russia with Love" is often considered the official theme song for that film, even though the opening credits use an instrumental version that also incorporates the "James Bond Theme." Monro's version isn't heard until about 15 minutes into the film over a radio as source music, and again over the closing titles.
Foreign songs[edit]
Some songs have been dubbed for the foreign versions of the films.
Film
Original title
Translated title
Performer
Country
From Russia with Love "From Russia with Love" "Bons baisers de Russie"
"Die Wolga ist weit" (not on DVD releases) Bob Asklof
Ruth Berlé France
Germany
On Her Majesty's Secret Service "Do You Know How Christmas Trees Are Grown?" "Savez-vous ce qu'il faut au sapin de Noël?"
"Wovon träumt ein Weihnachtsbaum im Mai?" (on German DVD releases) Isabelle Aubret
Katja Ebstein France
Germany
Diamonds Are Forever "Diamonds Are Forever" "Vivo di diamanti" Shirley Bassey Italy
'Goldfinger' was sung in Spanish by Karina (María Isabel Llaudes Santiago), a French version was sung by both John William and Catherine Elia and an Italian version was recorded by Vanna Scotti. It is unknown (to this editor) if either of these versions was used to replace the original in the movie.
'Feuerball' sung by Alan Corb was, in 1965, the German Cover version of 'thunderball' (sung by Tom Jones). It is unknown (to this editor) if the German version was used to replace the original in the German version of the movie. The B-side of the single contained a German version, also sung by Alan Corb, of Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang with that title, creating the bizarre situation that a vocal 'cover' version of the song was published before the original vocal version(s) (sung by both by Shirley Bassey and Dionne Warwick), which were both published in the early 1990s with 'The Best of James Bond' 30th Anniversary and 30th Anniversary Limited Edition albums.
'Man Lebt Nur Zweimal' sung by Gissy André was, in 1967, the German Cover version of 'You Only Live Twice' (sung by Nancy Sinatra). It is unknown (to this editor) if the German version was used to replace the original in the German version of the movie.
'Tu vivras deux fois' sung by Lucky Blondo was, in 1967, the French Cover version of 'You Only Live Twice' (sung by Nancy Sinatra). It is unknown (to this editor) if the French version was used to replace the original in the French version of the movie, one source claims it was not.
'In Deinen Augen', sung by Sollie Nero, was, in 1981, the German Cover version of 'For Your Eyes Only' (sung by Sheena Easton). It is unknown (to this editor) if the German version was used to replace the original in the German version of the movie.
Additional music[edit]
Film
Title
Score composer
The Spy Who Loved Me "Lawrence of Arabia Theme"
"Doctor Zhivago Theme" (Music box)
"Concerto for Piano N°21" (Elvira Madigan) – Andante
"Air on the G String" Maurice Jarre
Maurice Jarre
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Johann Sebastian Bach
Moonraker "Close Encounters of the Third Kind Theme"
"The Magnificent Seven Theme"
"Prelude No. 15 (Raindrop prelude)" John Williams
Elmer Bernstein
Frédéric Chopin
A View to a Kill "The Four Seasons"
"Swan Lake" Antonio Vivaldi
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
The Living Daylights "40th Symphony in G minor" (1st movement)
"Finale-Act II-Le Nozze di Figaro"
"String Quartet in D major"
"Variations on a Rococo Theme" Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Alexander Borodin
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Goldeneye "Stand By Your Man" (Minnie Driver) Billy Sherrill / Tammy Wynette
Tomorrow Never Dies "It Had to Be You" (Instrumental) Gus Kahn / Isham Jones
Non-Eon Productions songs[edit]
Main title themes[edit]
Film
Year
Score composer
Title song
Performed by
Casino Royale 1967 Burt Bacharach "Casino Royale" Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass
Never Say Never Again 1983 Michel Legrand "Never Say Never Again" Lani Hall
The closing credits of Casino Royale use a vocal version of "Casino Royale" sung by Mike Redway, who remained uncredited until the release of the 2012 '45th anniversary' edition of the soundtrack.
Secondary songs[edit]
Film
Title
Year
Performed by
Casino Royale "The Look of Love"
"Dream on James, You're Winning"
1967 Dusty Springfield
Mike Redway
Never Say Never Again "Une Chanson d'Amour" 1983 Sophie Della
The soundtrack to the 1967 spoof Casino Royale also included two short comedic songs sung in a 1920s style. One led into an instrumental version of "The Look of Love" and began with the line "James Bond playing at Casino Royale..."; later, this tune was reprised as "Seven James Bonds at Casino Royale" which lead into a lyrical version of the theme sung by Mike Redway that played over the closing credits.
"The Look of Love" was the first song from any Bond film to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, six years before the first nomination from an Eon Bond film. It remains the only song from a non-Eon Bond film ever so nominated.
Foreign songs[edit]
'Les yeux de l'amour' sung by Mireille Mathieu was, in 1967, the French cover version of 'The Look of Love' (sung by Dusty Springfield). It is unknown (to this editor) if this version was used to replace the original in the movie.
Rejected songs[edit]
A version of 'Never Say Never Again' was recorded by Phyllis Hyman, but was rejected in favour of Lani Hall's version.
Unused songs[edit]
A number of songs were written as potential Bond themes but went unused. These include:
"Mr. Kiss Kiss Bang Bang" by Dionne Warwick / Shirley Bassey was written as the title theme for Thunderball. Its title refers to a nickname given to Bond by an Italian journalist in 1962. Warwick and Bassey both recorded versions, but halfway through the scoring process, producer Albert Broccoli decided that the film's title must appear in the lyrics, so "Thunderball" was commissioned. The song's melody still plays a prominent role in the score and both singers' versions have appeared on compilations in the 1990s.
"Thunderball" by Johnny Cash, which was published on his 'official' Bootleg vol. II in 2011 From Memphis to Hollywood.
"Run James Run" by Brian Wilson, intended as a Bond theme, but ultimately released as the eponymous track on the Beach Boys' album Pet Sounds.
"You Only Live Twice" by Julie Rogers is included on the 30th-anniversary release of The Best of James Bond.
"You Only Live Twice" by Lorraine Chandler appears on R(are) C(ollectable) A(nd Soulful) Volume 2.
"The Man with the Golden Gun" by Alice Cooper appears on his 1973 album Muscle of Love
"For Your Eyes Only" by Blondie appears on their 1982 album The Hunter.
"Never Say Never Again" by Phyllis Hyman was intended for Never Say Never Again.
"The Living Daylights" by Pet Shop Boys was adapted from a demo theme for The Living Daylights, later reworked as "This Must Be the Place I Waited Years to Leave". It appears on their 1990 album Behaviour.[15]
"The Juvenile" by Ace of Base was originally written in 1995 as "The Goldeneye", then rewritten as "The Juvenile" and released in 2002 on Da Capo.
"Tomorrow Never Lies" by Pulp, originally titled "Tomorrow Never Dies", was released as a B-side on their 1997 single "Help the Aged", and on the vinyl version of their 1998 album This Is Hardcore.
"Tomorrow Never Dies" by Saint Etienne appears on their Built on Sand album. The liner notes state that Pierce Brosnan kept the master tape of the song. Other artists who submitted Tomorrow Never Dies themes include Marc Almond, Swan Lee, the Cardigans and Space.
"Man of War" was written by the English band Radiohead in the 1990s.[16] Radiohead submitted it for Spectre, but it was rejected as it had not been written for the film.[17]
"Spectre" was written by Radiohead for Spectre after "Man of War" was rejected. It was rejected as too melancholy.[18]
Cover versions and spin-offs[edit]
Bond music has inspired a number of cover albums in a variety of genres, including the 2007 album Mister Bond – A Jazzy Cocktail of Ice Cold Themes (lounge), Shaken and Stirred: The David Arnold James Bond Project featuring David Arnold collaborating with several contemporary artists. The City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra recorded several albums with Bond music and performs in premieres and special events of Bond films. Britain's Royal Philharmonic Orchestra released an album of several Bond songs performances called Best Of James Bond, some of which were used on the "Ultimate Edition" DVD releases menus. Billy Strange released "Secret Agent File" in 1965. Death metal cover band Ten Masked Men has included at least one Bond theme on each of their albums. In 2004, The Cavaliers play a show titled "007" using Bond music, such as "GoldenEye", "For Your Eyes Only", "Live and Let Die", "Hovercraft Chase", "Welcome to Cuba" and "Paris and Bond". Some of them are Italo disco-like rhythms and soundtrack albums promote hits that matches the film's theme. In 2000 'An Electronika Tribute to James Bond' album was released adding yet another genre to the Bond fandom.
Title
Performer(s)
"James Bond Theme" Billy Strange
Neil Norman
The Art of Noise
Naked City
The Skatalites
Bond
Count Basie
Moby
LTJ Bukem
City of Prague Philharmonic Orchestra
Soft CellThe Ventures
Alizée (Sample in the song "J.B.G.")
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Leningrad Cowboys
Hank Marvin (as part of a medley)
"From Russia with Love" Natacha Atlas
Count Basie
Thomas Lang
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Hank Marvin (as part of a medley)
"Goldfinger" Count Basie
Billy Strange
Bébé
Anthony Newley (original demo recording)
Ten Masked Men
Blue Stingrays (Tom Petty band members' surf project)
Magazine
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Leningrad Cowboys
Hank Marvin
Alan Partridge
Chaka Khan
"Thunderball" Martin Fry
Mr.Bungle
Shirley Bassey
The Kingpins
Guy Lombardo
Billy Strange
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
"You Only Live Twice" Soft Cell
Mark Burgess
Björk
Coldplay
Natacha Atlas
Robbie Williams (Sample in the song "Millennium")
Shirley Bassey
Trashcan Sinatras
Billy Strange
Eddie Peregrina
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Billy Mackenzie
Hank Marvin (as part of a medley)
"On Her Majesty's Secret Service" Propellerheads
Vernian Process
Hank Marvin (as part of a medley)
"We Have All The Time in the World" Fun Lovin' Criminals
The Pale Fountains
Iggy Pop
My Bloody Valentine
The Puppini Sisters
"Diamonds Are Forever" David McAlmont
Arctic Monkeys
Kanye West (Sample in the song "Diamonds from Sierra Leone")
Ten Masked Men
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Chaka Khan
"Live and Let Die" Chrissie Hynde
Escala
Guns N' Roses
Geri Halliwell
Lizzy Borden
Butch Walker
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Hank Marvin
"The Man with the Golden Gun" Emilíana Torrini
Funkstar De Luxe
Thin White Rope
Ten Masked Men
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
"Nobody Does It Better" Radiohead
Aimee Mann
8mm
Alan Partridge
Me First and the Gimme Gimmes
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
"Moonraker" Shara Nelson
Neil Norman
"For Your Eyes Only" Thomas Anders
Edenbridge
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
"All Time High" Pulp
"A View to a Kill" Diablo
Leningrad Cowboys
Lostprophets
Northern Kings
Shirley Bassey
Ten Masked Men
"The Living Daylights" Ten Masked Men
The Narrow
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
"Licence to Kill" Count Basic
"If You Asked Me To" Céline Dion
"GoldenEye" Wise Guys
Bono (original demo recording)
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
"Tomorrow Never Dies" Uwe Kröger
"The World Is Not Enough" Jackie Moore
"You Know My Name" Poets of the Fall
"Skyfall" Within Temptation
Video games[edit]
With the increase in audio quality for video game consoles and personal computers, in addition to the continued popularity of computer and video games, publisher Electronic Arts as well as Activision (since 2008) has included opening themes and film-style credit sequences to some of its more recent Bond video game spin offs.
Video game
Year
Score composer
Title song
Performed by
GoldenEye 007 1997 Graeme Norgate and Grant Kirkhope
Tomorrow Never Dies 1999 Tommy Tallarico "Tomorrow Never Dies" Sheryl Crow
The World Is Not Enough (Nintendo 64 and PlayStation) 2000 Don Veca
Agent Under Fire 2001 Don Veca "The James Bond Theme"
Nightfire 2002 Steve Duckworth, Ed Lima, Jeff Tymoschuk "Nearly Civilized" Esthero
Everything or Nothing 2004 Sean Callery, Jeff Tymoschuk "Everything or Nothing" Mýa
GoldenEye: Rogue Agent 2004 Paul Oakenfold "If You're Gonna..." Natasha Bedingfield
From Russia with Love 2005 Christopher Lennertz "From Russia with Love" (instrumental remix) John Barry
Quantum of Solace 2008 Christopher Lennertz "When Nobody Loves You" Kerli
GoldenEye 007 2010 David Arnold, Kevin Kiner "GoldenEye" Nicole Scherzinger
Blood Stone 2010 Richard Jacques "I'll Take It All" Joss Stone
007 Legends 2012 David Arnold, Kevin Kiner "Goldfinger" (instrumental remix) David Arnold
Novels[edit]
The 2008 continuation novel Devil May Care by Sebastian Faulks was the first James Bond novel to receive its own theme song. Also called "Devil May Care", the song was written and recorded by Cardiff band SAL and was available on the UK audiobook release of the novel.[19]
See also[edit]
James Bond portal
Outline of James Bond
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Chicago's WLS Radio – Google Books. Books.google.com.au. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
Jump up ^ MI6 :: From Russia With Love (1963) :: James Bond 007
^ Jump up to: a b c d Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums. London: Guinness World Records Limited
^ Jump up to: a b c Whitburn, Joel (2006). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits. Billboard Books
Jump up ^ "Bond and The Grammy Awards –". Commanderbond.net. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
Jump up ^ link to MI6 article
Jump up ^ Burlingame, Jon (2012). The Music of James Bond. Oxford University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0199986762.
Jump up ^ 28 January 2014 by AI & filed under SKYFALL. (2014-01-28). "The Official James Bond 007 Website | ADELE WINS GRAMMY FOR SKYFALL". 007.com. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
Jump up ^ "BBC Website; Sam Smith's James Bond theme makes UK chart history". www.bbc.co.uk. 2015-10-02. Retrieved 2015-10-02.
Jump up ^ "Thunderball – alternate title seq. – Shirley Bassey – HD STEREO". YouTube. 2011-06-11. Retrieved 2014-06-06.
Jump up ^ "The Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100: Week of December 9, 1995". Billboard. Nielsen Company. 1995-12-09. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
Jump up ^ The Making of Thunderball (DVD). Thunderball Ultimate Edition, Region 2, Disc 2: MGM/UA Home Entertainment. 1995.
Jump up ^ "Nobody Does it Better: Fifty Years of James Bond Music". Cult Britannia. Archived from the original on 2014-12-26. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith (16 November 2012). "'Skyfall' Soundtrack: Highest-Charting Bond Album in 27 Years". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 29 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Jude Rogers (2008-10-30). "For your ears only | Music | ''The". Guardian. Retrieved 2014-12-11.
Jump up ^ "Radiohead share video for previously unreleased song "Man of War" — watch". Consequence of Sound. 22 June 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sam Mendes, Sound and Vision - BBC Radio 6 Music". BBC. 5 November 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Radiohead reveal rejected theme for James Bond film Spectre". BBC News. 25 December 2015. Retrieved 25 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "SAL Wins 'Devil May Care' Theme Song Contest". CommanderBond.net. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
External links[edit]
montynorman.com
Detailed account of a court proceeding between Monty Norman and John Barry re: The "James Bond Theme", including musicological breakdowns of the theme itself.
[show]
v
t
e
Ian Fleming's James Bond
Outline
Bibliography
Novels
List
Inspirations
Young Bond
Films
List
Motifs
Locations
Gun barrel sequence
Music
Comics
List
Strips
Books
Television
"Casino Royale" (Climax!)
James Bond Jr.
episodes
Fleming: The Man Who Would Be Bond
Characters
James Bond
literary character
film character
Allies
Girls
Villains
Henchmen
Weapons
Gadgets
Vehicles
Related
Fandom
Parodies and spin offs
Licence to kill (concept)
Vesper cocktail
"Shaken, not stirred"
Video games
The Wild Wild West
James Bond (ornithologist)
Book
Category
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
James Bond music
Themes
"James Bond Theme" (Monty Norman)
"James Bond Is Back" (John Barry)
"007 Theme" (John Barry)
"On Her Majesty's Secret Service" (John Barry)
"Bond 77" (Marvin Hamlisch)
"James Bond Theme" (Moby)
Soundtracks
Dr. No
From Russia with Love
Goldfinger
Thunderball
Casino Royale
You Only Live Twice
On Her Majesty's Secret Service
Diamonds Are Forever
Live and Let Die
The Man with the Golden Gun
The Spy Who Loved Me
Moonraker
For Your Eyes Only
Octopussy
Never Say Never Again
A View to a Kill
The Living Daylights
Licence to Kill
GoldenEye
Tomorrow Never Dies
The World Is Not Enough
Die Another Day
Casino Royale
Quantum of Solace
Skyfall
Spectre
Composers
Monty Norman
John Barry
Burt Bacharach
George Martin
Marvin Hamlisch
Bill Conti
Michel Legrand
Michael Kamen
Éric Serra
David Arnold
Thomas Newman
Eon themes
"Kingston Calypso"
"From Russia with Love"
"Goldfinger"
"Thunderball"
"You Only Live Twice"
"We Have All the Time in the World"
"Diamonds Are Forever"
"Live and Let Die"
"The Man with the Golden Gun"
"Nobody Does It Better"
"Moonraker"
"For Your Eyes Only"
"All Time High"
"A View to a Kill"
"The Living Daylights"
"Where Has Everybody Gone?"
"Licence to Kill"
"If You Asked Me To"
"GoldenEye"
"Tomorrow Never Dies"
"The World Is Not Enough"
"Die Another Day"
"You Know My Name"
"Another Way to Die"
"Skyfall"
"Writing's on the Wall"
Non-Eon themes
"Casino Royale"
"The Look of Love"
"Never Say Never Again"
Compilations
Shaken and Stirred
The Incredible World of James Bond
The Best of Bond...James Bond
Related articles
Eon films secondary songs
Non-Eon films secondary songs
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Bond_music&oldid=839787555"
Categories:
James Bond music
James Bond lists
Music by media franchise
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
Français
Bahasa Indonesia
Nederlands
Polski
Português
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
Tiếng Việt
4 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 5 May 2018, at 17:34.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: p

values: Edit section: Composers (Eon Productions)

values: Edit section: Music from Eon Productions

values:
/wiki/Goldfinger_(song)
mw-redirect
Goldfinger (song)

values: Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media

values: Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)

values:
/wiki/Patti_Labelle
mw-redirect
Patti Labelle

values:
/wiki/Wings_(band)
mw-redirect
Wings (band)

values: The Man with the Golden Gun (soundtrack)

values:
/wiki/Stephen_Short_(record_producer)
mw-redirect
Stephen Short (record producer)

values:
/wiki/Mirwais_Ahmadza%C3%AF
mw-redirect
Mirwais Ahmadzaï

values:
/wiki/You_Know_My_Name
mw-redirect
You Know My Name

values:
/wiki/Jack_White_(musician)
mw-redirect
Jack White (musician)

values:
/wiki/Skyfall_(soundtrack)
mw-redirect
Skyfall (soundtrack)

values: Spectre: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

values:
/wiki/Nina_Van_Pallandt
mw-redirect
Nina Van Pallandt

values:
/wiki/Elektra_King
mw-redirect
Elektra King

values:
/wiki/Stand_By_Your_Man
mw-redirect
Stand By Your Man

values:
/wiki/Julie_Rogers_(singer)
mw-redirect
Julie Rogers (singer)

values:
/wiki/Built_on_Sand
mw-redirect
Built on Sand

values:
/wiki/Space_(indie_rock_band)
mw-redirect
Space (indie rock band)

values: Edit section: Cover versions and spin-offs

values:
/wiki/Cover_album
mw-redirect
Cover album

values:
/wiki/The_Art_of_Noise
mw-redirect
The Art of Noise

values:
/wiki/The_Kingpins
mw-redirect
The Kingpins

values:
/wiki/Trashcan_Sinatras
mw-redirect
Trashcan Sinatras

values:
/wiki/C%C3%A9line_Dion
mw-redirect
Céline Dion

values: 007: The World Is Not Enough (Nintendo 64)

values: 007: The World Is Not Enough (PlayStation)

values:
/wiki/007:_Agent_Under_Fire
mw-redirect
007: Agent Under Fire

values:
/wiki/007:_From_Russia_with_Love
mw-redirect
007: From Russia with Love

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.montynorman.com/
external text

values: List of James Bond novels and short stories

values: List of recurring characters in the James Bond film series

values:
/wiki/List_of_James_Bond_henchmen
mw-redirect
List of James Bond henchmen

values: List of James Bond parodies and spin-offs

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Skyfall: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
catlinks mw-normal-catlinks
interface

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/James_Bond_music
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: Hudba ve filmech o Jamesi Bondovi – Czech

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: Liste der James-Bond-Titellieder – German

values: Lijst van titelsongs uit de James Bondfilms – Dutch

values: Ścieżki muzyczne filmów z Jamesem Bondem – Polish

values: Музика у филмовима о Џејмсу Бонду – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values: Muzika u filmovima o Jamesu Bondu – Serbo-Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-James_Bond_music rootpage-James_Bond_music skin-vector action-view


text:
Barrel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the container. For the gun part, see Gun barrel. For other uses, see Barrel (disambiguation).
"Angels' Share" redirects here. For the film, see The Angels' Share.
Traditional oak barrels made by Chilean cooperage Tonelería Nacional
Modern stainless steel casks and kegs outside the Castle Rock microbrewery in Nottingham, England
Wooden wine barrel at an exhibition in Croatia
A barrel, cask, or tun is a hollow cylindrical container, traditionally made of wooden staves bound by wooden or metal hoops. Traditionally, the barrel was a standard size of measure referring to a set capacity or weight of a given commodity. For example, in the UK a barrel of beer refers to a quantity of 36 imperial gallons (160 L; 43 US gal). Wine was shipped in barrels of 119 litres (31 US gal; 26 imp gal).
Modern wooden barrels for wine-making are either made of French common oak (Quercus robur) and white oak (Quercus petraea) or from American white oak (Quercus alba) and have typically these standard sizes: "Bordeaux type" 225 litres (59 US gal; 49 imp gal), "Burgundy type" 228 litres (60 US gal; 50 imp gal) and "Cognac type" 300 litres (79 US gal; 66 imp gal). Modern barrels and casks can also be made of aluminum, stainless steel, and different types of plastic, such as HDPE.
Someone who makes barrels is called a "barrel maker" or cooper. Barrels are only one type of cooperage. Other types include, but are not limited to: buckets, tubs, butter churns, hogsheads, firkins, kegs, kilderkins, tierces, rundlets, puncheons, pipes, tuns, butts, pins, and breakers.
Barrels have a variety of uses, including storage of liquids such as water and oil, fermenting wine, arrack, and sake, and maturing beverages such as wine, cognac, armagnac, sherry, port, whisky, and beer. The term can also refer to roughly cylindrical containers made of modern materials like plastic.
Contents
1 Uses today
1.1 Beverage maturing
1.1.1 Wine
1.1.1.1 Sherry
1.1.2 Whisky
1.1.3 Brandy
1.1.4 Tequila
1.1.5 Balsamic vinegar
1.1.6 Tabasco sauce
1.1.7 Beer
1.1.8 Soft drinks
1.1.9 Absorption by wood barrels
1.1.10 Angels' share
1.2 Water storage
1.3 Oil storage
2 Barrel shape, construction and parts
3 Sizes
3.1 English wine casks
3.2 Brewery casks
3.3 Dry goods
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Uses today[edit]
Beverage maturing[edit]
Wine barrels in Napa Valley, California
An "aging barrel" is used to age wine; distilled spirits such as whisky, brandy, or rum; beer; tabasco sauce; or (in smaller sizes) traditional balsamic vinegar. When a wine or spirit ages in a barrel, small amounts of oxygen are introduced as the barrel lets some air in (compare to microoxygenation where oxygen is deliberately added). Oxygen enters a barrel when water or alcohol is lost due to evaporation, a portion known as the "angels' share". In an environment with 100% relative humidity, very little water evaporates and so most of the loss is alcohol, a useful trick if one has a wine with very high proof. Most beverages are topped up from other barrels to prevent significant oxidation, although others such as vin jaune and sherry are not.
Beverages aged in wooden barrels take on some of the compounds in the barrel, such as vanillin and wood tannins. The presence of these compounds depends on many factors, including the place of origin, how the staves were cut and dried, and the degree of "toast" applied during manufacture. Barrels used for aging are typically made of French or American oak, but chestnut and redwood are also used. Some Asian beverages (e.g., Japanese sake) use Japanese cedar, which imparts an unusual, minty-piney flavor. In Peru and Chile, a grape distillate named pisco is either aged in oak or in earthenware.
Wine[edit]
Some wines are fermented "on barrel", as opposed to in a neutral container like steel or wine-grade HDPE (high-density polyethylene) tanks. Wine can also be fermented in large wooden tanks, which—when open to the atmosphere—are called "open-tops". Other wooden cooperage for storing wine or spirits range from smaller barriques to huge casks, with either elliptical or round heads.
The tastes yielded by French and American species of oak are slightly different, with French oak being subtler, while American oak gives stronger aromas.[1] To retain the desired measure of oak influence, a winery will replace a certain percentage of its barrels every year, although this can vary from 5 to 100%. Some winemakers use "200% new oak", where the wine is put into new oak barrels twice during the aging process. Bulk wines are sometimes more cheaply flavored by soaking in oak chips or added commercial oak flavoring instead of being aged in a barrel because of the much lower cost.
Sherry[edit]
Sherry barrel made with glass barrel head to show the layer of flor floating on top of the aging wine
Sherry is stored in 600-litre casks made of North American oak, which is slightly more porous than French or Spanish oak. The casks, or butts, are filled five-sixths full, leaving "the space of two fists" empty at the top to allow flor to develop on top of the wine. Sherry is also commonly swapped between barrels of different ages, a process that is known as Solera.
Whisky[edit]
Charred white oak barrels are filled with new bourbon whisky and resting in a rack house for a period of typically 4 to 9 years (for good-quality bourbon), with the char giving the bourbon its characteristic copper color.
Laws in several jurisdictions require that whisky be aged in wooden barrels. The law in the United States requires that "straight whisky" (with the exception of corn whisky) must be stored for at least two years in new, charred oak containers.[2] Other forms of whisky aged in used barrels cannot be called "straight".[2]
International laws require any whisky bearing the label "Scotch" to be distilled and matured in Scotland for a minimum of three years and one day in oak casks.[3]
By Canadian law,[4] Canadian whiskies must "be aged in small wood for not less than three years", and "small wood" is defined as a wood barrel not exceeding 700 L capacity.
Since the U.S. law requires the use of new barrels for several popular types of whisky, which is not typically considered necessary elsewhere, whisky made elsewhere is usually aged in used barrels that previously contained American whisky (usually bourbon whisky). The typical bourbon barrel is 53 US gallons (200 L) in size, which is thus the de facto standard whisky barrel size worldwide.[5][6] Some distillers transfer their whisky into different barrels to "finish" or add qualities to the final product. These finishing barrels frequently aged a different spirit (such as rum) or wine. Other distillers, particularly those producing Scotch, often disassemble 5 used bourbon barrels and reassemble them into 4 casks with different barrel ends for aging Scotch, creating a type of cask referred to as a hogshead.[7]
Brandy[edit]
Maturing is very important for a good brandy, which is typically aged in oak casks. The wood used for those barrels is selected because of its ability to transfer certain aromas to the spirit. Cognac is aged only in oak casks made from wood from the Forest of Tronçais and more often from the Limousin forests.
Tequila[edit]
Some types of tequila are aged in oak barrels to mellow its flavor. "Reposado" tequila is aged for up to one year, "Añejo" tequila is aged for up to three years, and "Extra Añejo" tequila is aged for at least three years. Like with other spirits, longer aging results in a more pronounced flavor.
Balsamic vinegar[edit]
Traditional balsamic vinegar is aged in a series of wooden barrels.
Tabasco sauce[edit]
Since its invention in 1868, the pepper mash used to make Tabasco sauce is aged for three years in previously used oak whisky barrels.
Beer[edit]
Beer barrels at the Munich Oktoberfest
Beers are sometimes aged in barrels which were previously used for maturing wines or spirits. This is most common in darker beers such as stout, which is sometimes aged in oak barrels identical to those used for whisky. Whisky distiller Jameson notably purchases barrels used by Franciscan Well brewery for their Shandon Stout to produce a whisky branded as "Jameson Caskmates". Cask ale is aged in the barrel (usually steel) for a short time before serving. Extensive barrel aging is required of many sour beers.
Soft drinks[edit]
Vernors ginger ale is marketed as having a "barrel-aged" flavor, and the syrup used to produce the beverage was originally aged in oak barrels when first manufactured in the 19th century.[8] Whether the syrup continues to be aged in oak is unclear.[8]
Absorption by wood barrels[edit]
Some of the liquid stored in a barrel is absorbed into the wood. The barrels can be more or less porous, depending on the wood; more porous woods allow more of the product to be absorbed. Humid conditions tend to make the barrel absorb that humidity, allowing less product to be absorbed. If an aging barrel is repurposed and used to store or age another product, the residue in the wood will then be leached into the new product. In some cases this can provide finishing characteristics that are desired by the barrel user.
Some of the liquid that has been absorbed into the wood may also be reclaimed, e.g., by rinsing or steaming the barrels.[9][10][11]
Angels' share[edit]
The angels' share in the sherry aging produces fungus on the walls.
The angels' share fungus, Baudoinia compniacensis on bark with an unaffected branch for comparison
"Angels' share" is a term for the portion (share) of a wine or distilled spirit's volume that is lost to evaporation during aging in oak barrels. The ambient humidity tends to affect the composition of this share. Drier conditions tend to make the barrels evaporate more water, strengthening the spirit. However, in higher humidities, more alcohol than water will evaporate, therefore reducing the alcoholic strength of the product. This alcoholic evaporate encourages the growth of a darkly colored fungus, the angels' share fungus, Baudoinia compniacensis, which tends to appear on the exterior surfaces of most things in the immediate area.[12][13]
Water storage[edit]
Water barrels are often used to collect the rainwater from dwellings (so that it may be used for irrigation or other purposes). This usage, known as rainwater harvesting, requires (besides a large rainwater barrel or water butt) adequate (waterproof) roof-covering and an adequate rain pipe.
Oil storage[edit]
Main articles: Drum (container) and Barrel (unit)
Standard Oil Company blue 55-US gallon (44 imp gal, 200 L) barrel (drum)
The standard barrel of crude oil or other petroleum product (abbreviated bbl) is 42 US gallons (35.0 imp gal; 159.0 L). This measurement originated in the early Pennsylvania oil fields, and permitted both British and American merchants to refer to the same unit, based on the old English wine measure, the tierce.
Earlier, another size of whisky barrel was the most common size; this was the 40 US gallons (33.3 imp gal; 151.4 L) barrel for proof spirits, which was of the same volume as 5 US bushels. However, by 1866, the oil barrel was standardized at 42 US gallons.
Oil has not been shipped in barrels[14] since the introduction of oil tankers, but the 42-US-gallon size is still used as a unit for measurement, pricing, and in tax and regulatory codes. Each barrel is refined into about 19.74 US gallons (16.44 imp gal; 74.7 L) of gasoline,[15] the rest becoming other products such as jet fuel and heating oil, using fractional distillation.[16]
Barrel shape, construction and parts[edit]
Wine barrel parts
Shaping barrel staves
Barrels have a convex shape and bulge at their center, called bilge. This facilitates rolling a well-built wooden barrel on its side and allows the roller to change directions with little friction, compared to a cylinder. It also helps to distribute stress evenly in the material by making the container more curved[citation needed]. Barrels have reinforced edges to enable safe displacement by rolling them at an angle (in addition to rolling on their sides as described).
A half-completed beer barrel; in wine barrel cooperage this set up is called "mise en rose"
Casks used for ale or beer have shives and keystones in their openings. Before serving the beer, a spile is hammered into the shive and a tap into the keystone.
The wooden parts that make up a barrel are called staves, while the rings that hold them together are called hoops. The latter are generally made of galvanized iron, though historically they were made of flexible bits of wood called withies. While wooden hoops could require barrels to be "fully hooped", with hoops stacked tightly together along the entire top and bottom third of a barrel, iron-hooped barrels only require a few hoops on each end.
Wine barrels typically come in two hoop configurations. An American barrel features 6 hoops, from top to center: head- or chime hoop, quarter hoop and bilge hoop (times two), while a French barrel features 8, including a so-called French hoop, located between the quarter- and bilge hoops (see "wine barrel parts" illustration). The opening at the center of a barrel is called bung hole and the stopper used to seal it bung. The latter is generally made of white silicone.
Sizes[edit]
Main article: Barrel (unit)
A barrel is one of several units of volume, with dry barrels, fluid barrels (UK beer barrel, US beer barrel), oil barrel, etc. The volume of some barrel units is double others, with various volumes in the range of about 100–200 litres (22–44 imp gal; 26–53 US gal).
English wine casks[edit]
English wine cask units[17]
gallon
rundlet
barrel
tierce
hogshead
puncheon, tertian
pipe, butt
tun
1 tun
1 2 pipes, butts
1 1 1⁄2 3 puncheons, tertians
1 1 1⁄3 2 4 hogsheads
1 1 1⁄2 2 3 6 tierces
1 1 1⁄3 2 2 2⁄3 4 8 barrels
1 1 3⁄4 2 1⁄3 3 1⁄2 4 2⁄3 7 14 rundlets
1 18 31 1⁄2 42 63 84 126 252 gallons (wine)
3.785 68.14 119.24 158.99 238.48 317.97 476.96 953.92 litres
1 15 26 1⁄4 35 52 1⁄2 70 105 210 gallons (imperial)
4.546 68.19 119.3 159.1 238.7 318.2 477.3 954.7 litres
Pre-1824 definitions continued to be used in the US, the wine gallon of 231 cubic inches being the standard gallon for liquids (the corn gallon of 268.8 cubic inches for solids). In Britain, the wine gallon was replaced by the imperial gallon. The tierce later became the petrol barrel. The tun was originally 256 gallons, which explains from where the quarter, 8 bushels or 64 (wine) gallons, comes.
Brewery casks[edit]
English brewery cask units[18]
gallon
firkin
kilderkin
barrel
hogshead
Year designated
1 hogsheads
1 1 1⁄2 barrels
1 2 3 kilderkins
1 2 4 6 firkins
1 8 16 32 48 ale gallons (1454)
= 4.621 L = 36.97 L = 73.94 L = 147.9 L = 221.8 L
1 9 18 36 54 beer gallons
= 4.621 L = 41.59 L = 83.18 L = 166.4 L = 249.5 L
1 8 1⁄2 17 34 51 ale gallons 1688
= 4.621 L = 39.28 L = 78.56 L = 157.1 L = 235.7 L
1 9 18 36 54 ale gallons 1803
= 4.621 L = 41.59 L = 83.18 L = 166.4 L = 249.5 L
1 9 18 36 54 imperial gallons 1824
= 4.546 L = 40.91 L = 81.83 L = 163.7 L = 245.5 L
Although it is common to refer to draught beer containers of any size as barrels, in the UK this is strictly correct only if the container holds 36 imperial gallons. The terms "keg" and "cask" refer to containers of any size, the distinction being that kegs are used for beers intended to be served using external gas cylinders. Cask ales undergo part of their fermentation process in their containers, called casks.
Casks are available in several sizes, and it is common to refer to "a firkin" or "a kil" (kilderkin) instead of a cask.
The modern US beer barrel is 31 US gallons (117.34777 L), half a gallon less than the traditional wine barrel. (26 U.S.C. §5051[19])
Dry goods[edit]
Barrels are also used as a unit of measurement for dry goods (dry groceries), such as flour or produce. Traditionally, a barrel is 196 pounds (89 kg) of flour (wheat or rye), with other substances such as pork subject to more local variation. In modern times, produce barrels for all dry goods, excepting cranberries, contain 7,056 cubic inches, about 115.627 L.[20]
See also[edit]
Bankruptcy barrel
Barrel (unit)
Cask ale
Cooper (profession)
Drum (container)
Drunkard's cloak
Storage tank
Wine barrel
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Oak Barrels: French vs. American Archived 2007-06-02 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b "27 C.F.R. sec 5.22(b)(1)(i)". Ecfr.GPOAccess.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-08-17. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
Jump up ^ "ASIL Insight: WTO Protections for Food Geographic Indications". Archived from the original on 14 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-25.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Food and Drug Regulations (C.R.C., c. 870) – Canadian Whisky, Canadian Rye Whisky or Rye Whisky (B.02.020)". (Access date December 15, 2010.)
Jump up ^ Lew Bryson. "Seen Through a Glass". lewbryson.blogspot.com. Archived from the original on 2015-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Barrels". iscbarrels.com. Archived from the original on 2015-01-03.
Jump up ^ "Casks (barrels, butts, punchons, pipes, barriques, and hogsheads)", Difford's Guide Archived 2015-12-22 at the Wayback Machine.. (Access date December 17, 2015.)
^ Jump up to: a b López-Alt, J. Kenji. "Soda: The Dubious History (and Great Flavor) of Vernors Ginger Ale". Serious Eats. Archived from the original on 5 January 2017. Retrieved 3 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Richard (June 17, 2013). "Jim Beam Devil's Cut Bourbon Review". The Whiskey Reviewer. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kleinman, Geoff (June 1, 2011). "Jim Beam Devil's Cut Bourbon Review". Drink Spirits. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Otts, Chris (May 31, 2013). "Maker's Mark to rinse last drops from bourbon barrels". USA Today. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Dixon, B. (March 2009). "The mystery of the warehouse stains (Animacules)" (PDF). Microbe. 4 (3): 104–105. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-03-03.
Jump up ^ Byland, Hannah (September 4, 2012). "Whisky Aging Warehouses and the Effects to Surrounding Residential Neighborhoods in Louisville, Ky" (PDF). Louisville, Kentucky: Louisville, Kentucky government. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 10, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Does oil come in barrels?". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on 2005-09-05.
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". doe.gov. Archived from the original on 2008-11-04.
Jump up ^ "What's In A Barrel of Oil?". ca.gov. 19 July 2005. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009.
Jump up ^ "wine barrel". Sizes. 2009-02-02. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
Jump up ^ "English Beer and Ale Barrel". Sizes. 2002-01-23. Retrieved 2018-03-27.
Jump up ^ "27 CFR 25.11 - Meaning of terms". cornell.edu. Archived from the original on 2017-07-09.
Jump up ^ "How big is the U.S. dry goods barrel?". sizes.com. Archived from the original on 2012-09-26.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Barrels.
Look up barrel or cask in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Origin of "over a barrel"
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Barrel". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Barrel Basics
Barrel Construction
How to store and maintain oak barrel
hide
v
t
e
Packaging
General topics
Active packaging
Child-resistant packaging
Contract packager
Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
Package pilferage
Package testing
Packaging engineering
Reusable packaging
Shelf life
Shelf-ready packaging
Shelf stable
Sustainable packaging
Tamper-evident
Tamper resistance
Wrap rage
Product packages
Beer bottle
Box wine
Cosmetic packaging
Disposable food packaging
Foam food container
Food packaging
Growler
Luxury packaging
Milk bag
Milk bottle
Optical disc packaging
Pharmaceutical packaging
Screw cap (wine)
Water bottle
Wine bottle
Containers
Aerosol Container
Aluminium bottle
Aluminum can
Ampoule
Antistatic bag
Bag-in-box
Bags and flexible containers
Barrel
Biodegradable bag
Blister pack
Boil-in-Bag
Bottle
Box
Bulk box
Cage
Case
Carboy
Carton
Chub
Clamshell
Corrugated box design
Crate
Disposable cup
Drum
Endcap
Envelope
Flexible intermediate bulk container
Folding carton
Glass bottle
Insulated shipping container
Intermediate bulk container
Jar
Jerrycan
Jug
Juicebox
Keg
Multi-pack
Oyster pail
Packet (container)
Padded mailer
Pail
Paper bag
Paper sack
Plastic bag
Plastic bottle
Popcorn bag
Retort pouch
Sachet
Security bag
Self-heating can
Self-heating food packaging
Shipping container
Skin pack
Spray bottle
Tetra Brik
Tin can
Tub (container)
Tube
Unit load
Vial
Wooden box
Materials and
components
Adhesive
Aluminium foil
Bail handle
Bioplastic
Biodegradable plastic
BoPET
Bubble wrap
Bung
Cellophane
Closure
Coated paper
Coating
Coextrusion
Corrugated fiberboard
Corrugated plastic
Cushioning
Desiccant
Double seam
Foam peanut
Glass
Hot-melt adhesive
Kraft paper
Label
Lid
Linear low-density polyethylene
Liquid packaging board
Low-density polyethylene
Metallised film
Modified atmosphere
Molded pulp
Nonwoven fabric
Overwrap
Oxygen scavenger
Package handle
Packaging gas
Pallet
Paper
Paper pallet
Paperboard
Plastic film
Plastic pallet
Plastic wrap
Polyester
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Pressure-sensitive tape
Pump dispenser
Screw cap
Screw cap (wine)
Security printing
Security tape
Shock detector
Shock and vibration data logger
Shrink wrap
Slip sheet
Staple (fastener)
Strapping
Stretch wrap
Susceptor
Tamper-evident band
Tear tape
Temperature data logger
Time temperature indicator
Tinplate
Velostat
Processes
Aseptic processing
Authentication
Automatic identification and data capture
Blow fill seal
Blow molding
Calendering
Canning
Coating
Containerization
Curtain Coating
Die cutting
Die forming (plastics)
Electronic article surveillance
Extrusion
Extrusion coating
Glass production
Graphic design
HACCP
Hermetic seal
Induction sealing
Injection molding
Laminating
Laser cutting
Molding
Papermaking
Plastic welding
Plastics extrusion
Printing
Quality assurance
Radio-frequency identification
Roll slitting
Shearing (manufacturing)
Thermoforming
Track and trace
Vacuum forming
Ultrasonic welding
Vacuum packaging
Verification and validation
Machinery
Barcode printer
Barcode reader
Bottling line
Calender
Can seamer
Cartoning machine
Case sealer
Check weigher
Conveyor system
Extended core stretch wrapper
Filler
Heat gun
Heat sealer
Industrial robot
Injection molding machine
Label printer applicator
Lineshaft roller conveyor
Logistics automation
Material handling equipment
Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
Multihead weigher
Orbital stretch wrapper
Palletizer
Rotary wheel blow molding systems
Shrink tunnel
Staple gun
Tape dispenser
Turntable stretch wrapper
Vertical form fill sealing machine
Environment,
post-use
Biodegradation
Environmental engineering
Glass recycling
Industrial ecology
Life-cycle assessment
Litter
Paper recycling
Plastic recycling
Recycling
Reusable packaging
Reverse logistics
Source reduction
Sustainable packaging
Waste management
Authority control
GND: 4217828-9
NARA: 10666123
NDL: 00576572
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barrel&oldid=856306537"
Categories:
Beer vessels and serving
Food storage containers
Gardening aids
Shipping containers
Wine packaging and storage
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009
Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers
Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Aragonés
Asturianu
Беларуская
Български
Català
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Gàidhlig
Galego
한국어
Hrvatski
Ido
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Latina
Lëtzebuergesch
Lietuvių
Magyar
မြန်မာဘာသာ
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Soomaaliga
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
Türkçe
Українська
اردو
Tiếng Việt
Walon
Žemaitėška
中文
45 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 24 August 2018, at 09:01 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href title

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Barrel_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Barrel (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: href class

attrs: class style

values:
/wiki/Puncheon_(barrel)
mw-redirect
Puncheon (barrel)

values:
/wiki/Tun_(volume)
mw-redirect
Tun (volume)

values:
/wiki/Fermentation_(wine)
mw-redirect
Fermentation (wine)

values:
/wiki/Cognac_(brandy)
mw-redirect
Cognac (brandy)

values:
/wiki/Armagnac_(drink)
mw-redirect
Armagnac (drink)

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Distilled_beverage
mw-redirect
Distilled beverage

values:
/wiki/Traditional_balsamic_vinegar
mw-redirect
Traditional balsamic vinegar

values:
/wiki/Tannins_(wine)
mw-redirect
Tannins (wine)

values:
/wiki/Wine_barrel
mw-redirect
Wine barrel

values:
/wiki/Bourbon_whisky
mw-redirect
Bourbon whisky

values:
/wiki/Straight_whisky
mw-redirect
Straight whisky

values:
/wiki/Corn_whisky
mw-redirect
Corn whisky

values: Edit section: Absorption by wood barrels

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Standard_Oil_Company
mw-redirect
Standard Oil Company

values:
/wiki/Imperial_gallon
mw-redirect
Imperial gallon

values: Edit section: Barrel shape, construction and parts

values:
/wiki/Cylinder_(geometry)
mw-redirect
Cylinder (geometry)

values:
/wiki/Stress_(physics)
mw-redirect
Stress (physics)

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2009)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Units_of_measurement
mw-redirect
Units of measurement

values:
/wiki/Imperial_unit
mw-redirect
Imperial unit

values: -moz-column-width: 50em; -webkit-column-width: 50em; column-width: 50em;

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.iscbarrels.com/barrels

values:
nofollow
http://www.slate.com/id/2115219/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.vareli.gr/varelia-videos.php

values: Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging

values:
/wiki/Shelf_stable
mw-redirect
Shelf stable

values:
/wiki/Pharmaceutical_packaging
mw-redirect
Pharmaceutical packaging

values:
/wiki/Aerosol_Container
mw-redirect
Aerosol Container

values:
/wiki/Cage_(enclosure)
mw-redirect
Cage (enclosure)

values:
/wiki/Jug_(container)
mw-redirect
Jug (container)

values:
/wiki/Plastic_pallet
mw-redirect
Plastic pallet

values: Automatic identification and data capture

values:
/wiki/Curtain_Coating
mw-redirect
Curtain Coating

values: Hazard analysis and critical control points

values:
/wiki/Injection_molding
mw-redirect
Injection molding

values:
/wiki/Vacuum_packaging
mw-redirect
Vacuum packaging

values:
/wiki/Material_handling_equipment
mw-redirect
Material handling equipment

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4217828-9

values: National Archives and Records Administration

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2009

values: Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NARA identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with NDL identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Barrel
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Barrel&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: برميل – Arabic

values:
https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonel
Tonel – Aragonese
an
an
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-an
display: none;

values:
https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barril
Barril – Asturian
ast
ast
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-be
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud
Sud – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fass
Fass – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaat
Vaat – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Βαρέλι – Greek

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-el
display: none;

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barril
Barril – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barelo
Barelo – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eo
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraille
Baraille – Scottish Gaelic
gd
gd
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gd
display: none;

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barril
Barril – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barelo
Barelo – Ido
io
io
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-io
display: none;

values:
https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunna
Tunna – Icelandic
is
is
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botte
Botte – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunna
Tunna – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-la
display: none;

values:
https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faass
Faass – Luxembourgish
lb
lb
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lb
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hu
display: none;

values: စည်ပိုင်း – Burmese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-my
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A8%BD
樽 – Japanese
ja
ja
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nn
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beczka
Beczka – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barril
Barril – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butoi
Butoi – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baurel
Baurel – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sco
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sud
Sud – Slovak
sk
sk
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values:
https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foosto
Foosto – Somali
so
so
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-so
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tynnyri
Tynnyri – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunna
Tunna – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: பீப்பாய் – Tamil

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ta
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values:
https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonea
Tonea – Walloon
wa
wa
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-wa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg
display: none;

values:
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%B6
桶 – Chinese
zh
zh
interlanguage-link-target

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Barrel rootpage-Barrel skin-vector action-view


text:
Tummalapalle uranium mine
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Tummalapalle Uranium Mine
Location
Tummalapalle Uranium Mine
Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
Tummalapalle Uranium Mine
Location in Andhra Pradesh, India
Show map of Andhra Pradesh Show map of India Show all
Location
Tumalapalli, YSR Kadapa district
State
Andhra Pradesh
Country
India
Coordinates
14°19′N 78°16′E / 14.32°N 78.26°E / 14.32; 78.26Coordinates: 14°19′N 78°16′E / 14.32°N 78.26°E / 14.32; 78.26
Production
Products
Uranium
Owner
Company
Uranium Corporation of India
Website
www.ucil.gov.in
The Tummalapalle Mine is a uranium mine in Tumalapalli village located in Kadapa of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Results from research conducted by the Atomic Energy Commission of India in 2011 made the analysts conclude that this mine might have one of the largest reserves of uranium in the world.[1][2]
On 19 July 2011, Secretary of Department of Atomic Energy, Dr. S. Banerjee who is also the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India confirmed on reserves of 49,000 tonnes and suggested that there could be even three times larger which would make Tummalapalle the mine with the world's largest uranium deposits.[3][4]
This finding substantially increased India’s capability of producing energy from nuclear plants. As of 2011, India was producing about 3% of its energy from nuclear plants. These findings suggest that this output can be increased to more than 30% by 2050. This domestic uranium find would not only boost India's nuclear energy plans but also help to reduce costs by switching from expensive sources of power like coal.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Geography
3 Water resources
4 Uranium purification plant
5 Minerals
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
On 23 Aug 2007 The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) of Government of India cleared the setting up of a uranium mine and processing plant by the Uranium Corporation of India with an estimated cost of ₹11.06 billion (US$170 million).[6] After that the Uranium Corporation of India acquired 1,122 acres (454 ha) of government land at ₹50,000 (US$780) per 1 acre (0.40 ha) and 1,118 acres (452 ha) of private land at a price of ₹180,000 (US$2,800) for 1 acre (0.40 ha) of wetland and ₹120,000 (US$1,900) for dry land in Tummalapalle, Rachakundapalle, KK Kottaland, and Mabbuchintalapalle villages in Pulivendula constituency. On 20 November 2007 the then Chief Minister Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy laid the foundation stone for the mine.[7] UCIL commissions Cuddapah Uranium Phase-1 Project with 3000 tonnes on 20 April 2012.[8]
Geography[edit]
Aerial view of the Tummalapalle Uranium Mine
Tummalapalle uranium ore mine is located in Vemula Mandal of Kadapa district of Andhra Pradesh at a distance of 70 kilometres (43 mi) from Kadapa, the district's headquarters. The area where the deposits were found is covered in Survey of India's topographic sheet Nos. 57 J/3 and 57 J/7 between latitudes 14°18'36" N & 14°20'20" N and longitudes 78°15'16" E & 78°18' 03.3" E. The nearest town is Pulivendla, which is 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) away (by road) towards the north-west. The mine is linked to Pulivendla through village roads leading to State Highway No.18, which connects Kadapa with Velidandla. The nearest railway station is Muddanurru on South Central Railway’s Hyderabad – Chennai BG Line, which is 50 kilometres (31 mi) towards the north-east.[9] The nearest airport is Bangalore International Airport.
Water resources[edit]
The mine will draw most of its water requirements from the river Chitravati. Design, construction and commissioning work of intake well and pump house at Chitravati River basin, the water and effluent treatment plants and the condensate recovery unit at uranium ore processing plant and laying of cross-country pipeline from the river Chitravati to the uranium ore processing plant – all these tasks were contracted by Jamshedpur Utilities & Services Company (Jusco), a 100% subsidiary company of Tata Steel, on EPC basis.[10] The water system project, the construction of which commenced in August 2008, was inaugurated by Srikumar Banerjee on 7 July 2011.[11]
Uranium purification plant[edit]
The construction works for the first phase of the uranium purification plant are in their final stages and the plant was expected to begin production by the end of 2011. Phase one of the uranium purification plant has a capacity to treat 3,000 tonnes of ore per day. The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) has developed an innovative, economically viable process for the recovery of low-grade uranium (less than 0.2%) from the Tummalapalle ore mine. As illustrated by Dr. A. K. Suri, Director of Materials Group, BARC, "the main objective of making a techno-economically viable process flow-sheet is to reduce the number of stages of unit operations and conservations leachants(sic) by regeneration and recycle(sic) leading to minimisation of fresh water inventory as well as quantum(sic) of liquid effluent discharge for the most challenging low-grade uranium ore".[12]
The hydro-metallurgical uranium purification plant which would be constructed in the mine's current lease period, will treat the dolomite based uraniferous which is found in the deposits. On the mode of operation, the Uranium Corporation of India report stated that "in the initial period of operation of mine, ore will be received from decline having particle size of 80% passing through 10 cm screen and will be transported by covered dumpers from the mine site to the ore processing plant and later by covered conveyor".[9] This mine would be the first in the country to adopt alkali based leaching in place of the conventional acid based leaching method.[13] This process was chosen on the basis of the nature of the ore found in the site. BARC has developed a well-integrated flowsheet for the process to treat the low-grade uranium ore extracted from the alkaline host rocks in Tummalapalle.[12]
Minerals[edit]
The Bonds Work Index of the Tummalapalle uranium ore sample is 13.6 kWh/tonne and the mineralogical composition is as follows,[14]
Mineral
% Weight
Carbonates 83.2
Quartz + feldspar 11.3
Apatite 4.3
Pyrite 0.47
Chalcopyrite 0.05
Galena Traces
Magnetite 0.15
Ilmenite + leucoxene 0.25
Iron hydroxide (goethite) 0.27
Pitchblende in association with pyrite 0.1
Total 100.0
See also[edit]
Nuclear power in India
Energy policy of India
List of uranium mines
Uranium market
Uranium mining debate
Uranium reserves
Peak uranium
Uranium mining controversy in Kakadu National Park
Uranium metallurgy
List of countries by uranium reserves
India portal
Geology portal
Mining portal
Nuclear technology portal
Energy portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "India: 'Massive' uranium find in Andhra Pradesh". New Delhi: BBC World News. 19 July 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Ghosh, Abantika (19 July 2011). "Nuclear-boost: Uranium mine in Andhra could be among largest in world". The Times of India. Rawatbhata. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
Jump up ^ P, Sunderarajan. (19 July 2011). "Tummalapalle in Telngana could have one of world's largest uranium reserves". The Hindu. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Dutta, Ratnajyoti; Krittivas Mukherjee (19 July 2011). "Uranium find in India could be world's largest-report". New Delhi: reuters. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Bedi, Rahul (19 July 2011). "Largest uranium reserves found in India". The Daily Telegraph. New Delhi. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Special Correspondent (25 August 2007). "CCEA clears proposal for uranium plant". The Hindu. New Delhi. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Special Correspondent (20 November 2007). "‘No radiation effect around Tummalapalle". The Hindu. Hyderabad. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
Jump up ^ http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl2924/stories/20121214292409000.htm
^ Jump up to: a b "Uranium project at Tummalapalle – executive summary" (PDF). Uranium Corporation of India. Retrieved 3 August 2011. [dead link]
Jump up ^ State Bureau (12 August 2008). "Jusco enters south through Ucil project in Andhra". The Financial Express. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jusco inaugurates water system project of Uranium Corporation of India at Tummalapalle, Andhra Pradesh". Orissa Diary. Hyderabad. 14 July 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "New method to recover low-grade uranium from Tummalapalle ore". Deccan Herald. Mumbai. 1 April 2011. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "First reactor at Koodankulam to go critical by year-end: AEC Chairman". Chennai: The Hindu. 1 August 2010. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Suri, A.K (November–December 2010). "Innovative process flowsheet for the recovery of Uranium from Tummalapalle Ore" (PDF) (317). BARC. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
External links[edit]
Uranium Corporation of India – Official Website
Process development studies for lowgrade Uranium deposits in alkaline host rocks of Tummalapalle Research paper of BARC at IAEA TM on Low Grade Uranium Deposits Vienna, 29 March 31, 2010
fuel of future
[hide]
v
t
e
Nuclear power in India
Uranium resources
Jaduguda uranium mine
Tummalapalle uranium mine
Operational plants
Kaiga
Kakrapar
Koodankulam
Madras (Kalpakkam)
Narora
Rajasthan (Kota)
Tarapur
Research and testing
Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research
Nuclear Fuel Complex
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
CIRUS reactor
Dhruva reactor
Heavy Water Board
Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR)
Institute for Plasma Research (IPR)
Pokhran
Pokhran-II
Smiling Buddha
Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC)
Organisations
Atomic Energy Commission of India
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB)
Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Ltd. (BHAVINI)
Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT)
Department of Atomic Energy
Homi Bhabha National Institute
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd. (NPCIL)
Indian Rare Earths Limited
Uranium Corporation of India
People's Movement Against Nuclear Energy
Other topics
Energy policy of India
India's three stage nuclear power programme
Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project
U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Initiative
Electricity sector
Solar power
Wind power
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tummalapalle_uranium_mine&oldid=790363837"
Categories:
Uranium mines in India
Mining in Andhra Pradesh
Geography of Kadapa district
Hidden categories:
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from March 2012
EngvarB from September 2013
Use dmy dates from September 2013
Coordinates on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
മലയാളം
मराठी
Edit links
This page was last edited on 13 July 2017, at 07:59.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

value: th

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

values: Tummalapalle Uranium Mine is located in Andhra Pradesh

value: span

values: File:Location map India Andhra Pradesh EN.svg

values: Tummalapalle Uranium Mine is located in India

values:
center noviewer thumb tnone thumbinner
display: none; width:222px;border:none

values:
/wiki/YSR_Kadapa_district
mw-redirect
YSR Kadapa district

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.ucil.gov.in/web/index.asp

values:
/wiki/Hyderabad,_Andhra_Pradesh
mw-redirect
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh

values:
/wiki/Bangalore_International_Airport
mw-redirect
Bangalore International Airport

values: Edit section: Uranium purification plant

values:
/wiki/List_of_uranium_mines
mw-redirect
List of uranium mines

values:
/wiki/Uranium_reserves
mw-redirect
Uranium reserves

values:
noprint metadata navbox
navigation
Portals
font-weight:bold;padding:0.4em 2em

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited
mw-redirect
Indian Rare Earths Limited

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2012

values: Category:Use dmy dates from September 2013

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Tummalapalle_uranium_mine
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: തുമ്മലപ്പള്ളി യുറേനിയം ഖനി – Malayalam

values: तुम्मलपल्ले युरेनियम खाण – Marathi

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Tummalapalle_uranium_mine rootpage-Tummalapalle_uranium_mine vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view