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Batman (1966 film)
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Batman: The Movie
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Leslie H. Martinson
Produced by
William Dozier
Written by
Lorenzo Semple, Jr.
Based on
Characters
by Bob Kane
Bill Finger (uncredited)
Starring
Adam West
Burt Ward
Lee Meriwether
Cesar Romero
Burgess Meredith
Frank Gorshin
Music by
Nelson Riddle
Theme:
Neal Hefti
Cinematography
Howard Schwartz
Edited by
Harry Gerstad
Production
companies
William Dozier Productions
Greenlawn Productions
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
July 30, 1966 (1966-07-30)
Running time
104 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
US$1.5 million[2]
Box office
$1.7 million (est. US/ Canada rentals)[3]
Batman (often promoted as Batman: The Movie) is a 1966 American superhero film based on the Batman television series, and the first full-length theatrical adaptation of the DC Comics character Batman. Released by 20th Century Fox, the film starred Adam West as Batman and Burt Ward as Robin. The film hit theaters two months after the last episode of the first season of the television series. The film includes most members of the original TV cast, with the exception of Lee Meriwether as the Catwoman, the character previously played by Julie Newmar in two episodes of the series' first season.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Tone
3.2 Vehicles
4 Soundtrack
5 Release
6 Reception
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
When Batman and Robin get a tip that Commodore Schmidlapp is in danger aboard his yacht, they launch a rescue mission using the Batcopter. As Batman descends on the bat-ladder to land on the yacht, it suddenly vanishes beneath him. He rises out of the sea with a shark attacking his leg. After Batman dislodges it with bat-shark repellent, the shark explodes. Batman and Robin head back to Commissioner Gordon's office, where they deduce that the tip was a set-up by the United Underworld, a gathering of four of the most powerful villains in Gotham City (The Joker, The Penguin, The Riddler, and The Catwoman).
The United Underworld equip themselves with a dehydrator that can turn humans into dust (an invention of Schmidlapp, who is unaware he has been kidnapped), a submarine made to resemble a penguin, and their three pirate henchmen (Bluebeard, Morgan and Quetch). It is revealed the yacht was really a projection. When Batman and Robin return to a buoy concealing a projector, they are trapped on the buoy by a magnet and targeted by torpedoes. They use a radio-detonator to destroy two of the missiles, and a porpoise sacrifices itself to intercept the last one. The Catwoman, disguised as Soviet journalist "Miss Kitka", helps the group kidnap Bruce Wayne and pretends to be kidnapped with him, as part of a plot to lure Batman and finish him off with another of the Penguin's explosive animals (not knowing that Bruce Wayne is Batman's alter-ego). After Bruce Wayne escapes captivity, the Penguin disguises himself as the Commodore and schemes his way into the Batcave along with five dehydrated henchmen. This plan fails when the henchmen unexpectedly disappear into antimatter once struck: The Penguin mistakenly rehydrated them with heavy water, used to recharge the Batcave's atomic pile.
Ultimately, Batman and Robin are unable to prevent the kidnapping of the dehydrated United World Organization's Security Council. Giving chase in the batboat to retrieve them (and Miss Kitka, presumed by the duo as still captive), Robin uses a sonic charge weapon to disable Penguin's submarine and force it to surface, where a fist fight ensues. Although Batman and Robin win the fight, Batman is heartbroken to find out that his "true love" Miss Kitka is actually the Catwoman when her mask falls off. Commodore Schmidlapp accidentally breaks the vials containing the powdered Council members, mixing them together.
Batman sets to work, constructing an elaborate filter to separate the mingled dust. Robin asks him whether it might be in the world's best interests for them to alter the dust samples, so that humans can no longer harm one another. In response, Batman says that they cannot do so, reminding Robin of the fate of the Penguin's henchmen and their tainted rehydration, and can only hope for people in general to learn to live together peacefully on their own.
With the world watching, the Security Council is re-hydrated. All of the members are restored alive and well, continuing to squabble among themselves and totally oblivious of their surroundings, but each of them now speaks the language and displays the stereotypical mannerisms of a nation other than their own. Batman quietly expresses his sincere hope to Robin that this "mixing of minds" does more good than it does harm. The duo quietly leave United World Headquarters by climbing out of the window.
Cast[edit]
The Penguin (Burgess Meredith), the Riddler (Frank Gorshin) and the Joker (Cesar Romero) in 1966. These actors also played the television roles.
Lee Meriwether acted as Catwoman in the film (pictured), replacing Julie Newmar, who played Catwoman in the first two seasons of the television series.
Adam West as Bruce Wayne / Batman
Burt Ward as Dick Grayson / Robin
Lee Meriwether as The Catwoman (Kitka)
Cesar Romero as The Joker
Burgess Meredith as The Penguin
Frank Gorshin as The Riddler
Alan Napier as Alfred Pennyworth
Neil Hamilton as Commissioner James Gordon
Stafford Repp as Chief Miles O'Hara
Madge Blake as Aunt Harriet Cooper
Reginald Denny as Commodore Schmidlapp
Milton Frome as Vice Admiral Fangschleister
Gil Perkins as Bluebeard
Dick Crockett as Morgan
George Sawaya as Quetch
Van Williams (uncredited voice) as President Lyndon B. Johnson[4]
The film includes most members of the original TV cast: the actors for Batman, Robin, Alfred, Gordon, O'Hara, Aunt Harriet, the Joker, the Penguin, and the Riddler all reprised their roles. Though Julie Newmar had at this point played Catwoman in two episodes of season one in the TV series, she had other commitments at that time[5] and was replaced by Lee Meriwether in the film. According to the Biography special Catwoman: Her Many Lives, aired on July 20, 2004, it was stated that Newmar was unable to reprise her role due to a reported back injury. Catwoman was nonetheless played by Newmar once again in the following eleven episodes of season two of the series; Eartha Kitt would then play Catwoman in three episodes of season three.
In his autobiography, Adam West writes of his asking for more money to do the film and that the producers countered with the fact that another actor would be hired. Batman was Denny's final film appearance. Jack LaLanne has a cameo as a man on a rooftop with bikini-clad women.[6]
Production[edit]
William Dozier wanted to make a big-screen film to generate interest in his proposed Batman TV series by having the feature in theaters while the first season of the series was rolling before the cameras. The studio, 20th Century Fox, refused because it would have to cover the entire cost of a movie, while it would only have to share the cost of a TV series (a much less risky proposition).[7]
The film features many characters from the show. It was written by series writer Lorenzo Semple, Jr. and directed by Leslie H. Martinson.[8] Martinson had directed a pair of the television series season one episodes: "The Penguin Goes Straight" and "Not Yet, He Ain't".
Tone[edit]
Even though it is often described (like many contemporary shows) as a parody of a popular comic-book character, some commentators believe that its comedy is not so tightly confined. They felt the film's depiction of the Caped Crusader "captured the feel of the contemporary comics perfectly".[9] The film was, they remind us, made at a time when "the Batman of the Golden Age comics was already essentially neutered."[10]
Certain elements verge into direct parody of the history of Batman. The movie, like the TV series, is strongly influenced by the comparatively obscure 1940s serials of Batman, such as the escapes done almost out of luck.[10] The penchant for giving devices a "Bat-" prefix and the dramatic use of stylized title cards during fight scenes acknowledge some of the conventions that the character had accumulated in various media. However, the majority of Batman's campier moments can be read as a broader parody on contemporary mid-1960s culture in general.[11]
Furthermore, the movie represented Batman's first major foray into Cold War issues paying heavy attention to Polaris Missiles, war surplus submarines and taking a poke at the Pentagon. The inclusion of a glory-hunting presidential character and the unfavorable portrayal of Security Council Members marked Batman's first attempts to poke fun at domestic and international politics.[12]
Vehicles[edit]
The Batmobile as seen in the 1960s Batman TV series.
Besides the Batmobile, other vehicles used by The Dynamic Duo include:
Batcycle with side car
Batboat, provided by Glastron
Batcopter
Of the three new Batvehicles which first appeared in the Batman film, only the Batcycle properly crossed over into the TV series as the budgetary limits of the TV series precluded the full use of the others. While the Batcopter and Batboat from the movie appeared briefly in episodes (including a use of the Batboat in the conclusion of the first post-film two-parter: "Walk the Straight and Narrow"), they primarily did so in the form of stock-footage scenes from the film intercut into the series.
Soundtrack[edit]
Nelson Riddle's original score to Batman the Movie was released in 2010 by La-La Land Records and Fox Music. The album contains the entire score as heard in the film in chronological order as well as an unreleased cue. This limited edition includes a lavishly illustrated color booklet which features exclusive liner notes by Brian Baterwhite. This Limited Edition was of 2000 units.
It was newly re-issued in 2016. While the program and master of this release is identical to the 2010 release, this reissue features all-new exclusive liner notes by John Takis and art design by Jim Titus. This new Limited Edition is of 2500 units.
Track listing
Acknowledgment/Main Title 2:31
Batmobile To Airport 2:01
A Good Job 2:22
Roger Wilco (2:45)
Just Ring/Yo Ho, Sir/Let’s Find Out 2:21
Tricky Buoy 3:24
Torpedoes 2:35
Holy Polaris 1:01
Kitka 1:13
Dark Eyes (Source) 0:21
Plaisir D’amour (Source) 1:25
Bruce And Kitka* 0:44
Shades Of Smolensic 3:20
Jet Umbrellas 1:50
Filthy Criminals 1:34
Chamber 17 1:14
Credulous Creatures/Fine Finkish Friends 2:19
Dehydrated 1:36
Stand Clear 2:10
Flee For Your Life 2:38
False Feathers/Swallow This Pill 3:19
My Very Paradise 2:06
The Grotto/A Stitch In Time 3:09
Emergency Operation 2:55
Small Craft 3:30
Attack (3:23)
Take It In Tow 0:56
Vials 4:23
End Title 1:10
Bonus Tracks
“Again” 2:05
Submarine Battle (Edited Music)* 4:37
Batman Theme 0:46
Previously Unreleased
Total Time: 72:13
Release[edit]
Batman premiered at the Paramount Theatre in Austin, Texas on July 30, 1966 (between the first and second seasons of the TV series); it was moderately successful at the box office. The Batboat featured in the film was created by Austin-based company Glastron, whose payment was in having the film premiere in their hometown. In conjunction with the premiere, Jean Boone of Austin CBS affiliate station KTBC interviewed the film's cast, including Lee Meriwether, Cesar Romero, and Adam West.[13]
ABC, the network which previously aired the Batman television series, first broadcast the film on the July 4, 1971 edition of The ABC Sunday Night Movie; the film was quickly rebroadcast on ABC September 4 of that year. The film debuted on home video via formats VHS and Betamax release in 1985 by Playhouse Video, in 1989 by CBS/Fox Video, and in 1994 by Fox Video. The film was released on DVD in 2001, and re-released July 1, 2008 on DVD and on Blu-ray.[14]
Reception[edit]
The film has received generally positive reviews over the years. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an 80% rating based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus states: "Batman: The Movie elevates camp to an art form -- and has a blast doing it, every gloriously tongue-in-cheek inch of the way."[15] Bill Gibron of Filmcritic.com gave the film 3 out of 5 stars: "Unlike other attempts at bringing these characters to life...the TV cast really captures the inherent insanity of the roles."[16] Variety magazine stated on their review that "the intense innocent enthusiasm of Cesar Romero, Burgess Meredith and Frank Gorshin as the three criminals is balanced against the innocent calm of Adam West and Burt Ward, Batman and Robin respectively."[17]
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1966
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "BATMAN (U)". British Board of Film Classification. August 16, 1966. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ Solomon, Aubrey. Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History (The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1989. ISBN 978-0-8108-4244-1. p254
Jump up ^ "Big Rental Pictures of 1966", Variety, 4 January 1967 p 8
Jump up ^ Van Hise, James, "The man who played The Green Hornet" [sic], The Green Hornet Book, Shuster and Shuster, Inc., 1988, p.16.
Jump up ^ Garcia, Bob, "Batman: Catwoman," Cinefantastique, Vol. 26, #6/Vol. 7, #1 (double issue), February 1994, p. 19 (interview with Julie Newmar).
Jump up ^ "BATMAN (1966, U.S.)". Kiddiematinee.com. Archived from the original on December 20, 2010. Retrieved January 31, 2011.
Jump up ^ Garcia, Bob, "Batman: Making the Original Movie", Cinefantastique, Volume 24, #6/Vol. 25, #1 (double issue), February 1994, p. 55.
Jump up ^ Geoff Boucher (2010-05-17). "Camp it up: The writer of 'Batman' and 'Flash Gordon' answers five questions". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ Stomp Tokyo Video Reviews - Batman (1966). Retrieved 2011-01-14.
^ Jump up to: a b GrouchoReviews.com Review of 'Batman'
Jump up ^ "Museum of Broadcast Communication's entry on the parent TV show". Museum.TV. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
Jump up ^ Batman at 45: A Milestone Tribute to Pow, Bam and Zap!, Chris Gould, 2011
Jump up ^ "Jean Boone - Interview with Cast of Batman, The Movie (1966)". Gordon Wilkison Collection. Texas Archive of the Moving Image. July 1966. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Batman The Movie Blu-ray: Special Edition". Blu-ray.com. Retrieved April 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Batman: The Movie". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2012-10-13.
Jump up ^ "AMC Filmcritic – Batman (1966) Review". Filmcritic.com. Retrieved 2010-12-25. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Variety Reviews - Batman - Film Reviews". Variety. 1965-12-31. Retrieved 2010-12-25.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Batman (1966 film)
Batman on IMDb
Batman at the TCM Movie Database
Batman at Rotten Tomatoes
Batman The Movie at BYTB: Batman Yesterday, Today and Beyond
kiddiematinee.com: BATMAN (1966, U.S.)
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The Simpsons: Tapped Out
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Tapped Out" redirects here. For the 2014 boxing film, see Tapped Out (film).
The Simpsons: Tapped Out
Game logo
Developer(s)
EA Mobile
Fox Digital Entertainment
Gracie Films
Publisher(s)
EA Mobile
Platform(s)
iOS, Android, Kindle Fire
Release
iOS
EU: February 29, 2012
NA: March 1, 2012
Android
NA: February 6, 2013
EU: February 14, 2013
Genre(s)
City building
Mode(s)
Single-player, multiplayer
The Simpsons: Tapped Out is a freemium mobile game for iOS and Android, based on the American animated series The Simpsons. It allows users to create and maintain their own version of Springfield using familiar characters and buildings. The game is regularly updated with new content, often season and holiday themed, for example during holidays like Thanksgiving, and Treehouse of Horror episodes-related content for Halloween. The game is available in several languages such as English, French, Turkish, Italian, German, Simplified Chinese, Peninsular Spanish and both European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese. The game was developed and published by EA Mobile and launched in Europe on February 29, 2012 and in North America on March 1, 2012 for iOS[1] and February 6, 2013 for Android.[2] The game was released for Kindle Fire devices in several markets on June 24, 2013.[3] According to its own estimates, EA generated over $130 million in revenue since the game's release.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Story
2 Gameplay
3 Development
4 In-game problems
5 Criticism
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Story[edit]
Too busy playing an elf-related game on his myPad (parody of iPad) at work, Homer neglects his workstation and accidentally causes a meltdown at the nuclear power plant, leading to a complete destruction of Springfield. Left stranded, he is solely responsible for rebuilding Springfield and bringing back its town members. Homer is desperate to find other characters so that he can get them to rebuild and he can get back to his elf game. With the help of Lisa, Homer rebuilds Springfield and brings back key sought out characters.
Gameplay[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A typical gameplay scene
The game may be considered a city-building game. It offers a variety of buildings (houses, shops, public buildings from the animation series) that the player buys with "Money ($)" in-game currency. Premium items are bought with donuts which can also be purchased with real-world cash. This references Homer Simpson's passion for donuts within the series. The player uses building and character quest-lines to make in-game progress. By completing quests and levels, the player collects more characters and buildings unlocking further quests and levels. Each building regularly generates in-game money to collect, under names such as "Income tax" from houses and the "Collection plate" from the First Church of Springfield. Players can place rivers, roads, pavement and decorations on the land. In 2013, developers added the "Krustyland" transporter, to get players from Springfield to the infamous Krustyland, where they can expand and build like the main Springfield game.
The game is supported by EA's Origin, which acts as a social bridge to where players log into their Origin accounts and visit friends' towns to collect cash once every 24 hours; and occasionally other tasks during an event.
There is a hidden easter egg where, in order to obtain the statue of Jebediah Springfield decoration, the player must tap Homer 10 times in a row whilst he is performing any task. This action also gives the player 10 free donuts, but can only work once.
Since the May 18, 2016 update, the maximum number of levels is currently 939, because this is the Simpsons' area code in Springfield.
Frequent content updates have been released for the game, with new game content or time-limited events related to episode promotions or holidays. Major events include a temporary currency, which can be used to buy – or win – limited edition prizes.[5] For some events every user's winnings contributed to a community fund, which includes prizes for certain levels of the event currency.[6]
Development[edit]
According to game runner and longtime Simpsons writer J. Stewart Burns, the game originally started as a "labor of love" and he didn't expect much to happen after the game's release.[7] Although they do not get credited, there are about ten writers who currently work on the game, including Simpsons writers Burns, Matt Selman, Brian Kelley, Jeff Westbrook, Jon Kern, Carolyn Omine and Diana Wright.[7]
In-game problems[edit]
Shortly after the iOS launch, the game was pulled from the iOS App Store due to EA's servers being unable to cope with the demand and a plethora of serious glitches reported by users.[8] After a month had passed, EA set up a forum whereby users could report bug issues, but failed to offer solutions to issues or temporary updates. Some users who had made in-app purchases discovered that their purchases had vanished. After contacting EA, users were able to collect refunds directly from Apple. Several months later on August 16, 2012,[9] the app returned to the App Store. Since 2016 there has been a bug that removes most functionality from the game interface. Players are calling this the "rollback bug" since the only way to fix your game is to have EA support roll your game back to a previous date before you acquired the bug. As of April 2018 there is still no fix for this bug and it continues to grow affecting almost 20% of all players.
Criticism[edit]
Due to criticism of the larger trend of freemium games' revenue structure, the game was satirized in the South Park episode "Freemium Isn't Free" as exploitative and lacking in gameplay.[10] The game itself earlier lampooned this point during an in-game conversation between two characters.[11]
See also[edit]
The Simpsons portal
Video games portal
List of The Simpsons video games
Family Guy: The Quest for Stuff
Futurama: Worlds of Tomorrow
References[edit]
Jump up ^ ""Life-Ruiningly Fun" Comes to iPad, iPhone and iPod touch with the Launch of The Simpsons: Tapped Out". Electronic Arts. 2012-01-03. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
Jump up ^ "The Simpsons:Tapped Out". Google. 2013-02-06. Retrieved 2013-02-06.
Jump up ^ "Tapped Out Kindle Edition at Amazon". 2013-06-24. Retrieved 2013-07-01.
Jump up ^ "Electronic Arts Management Discusses Q3 2014 Results - Earnings Call Transcript". Seeking Alpha. 2014-01-28. Retrieved 2015-03-07.
Jump up ^ "Whack Attack – The Unofficial Simpsons: Tapped Out Blog". tappedoutunofficial.wordpress.com. 2013-07-01. Retrieved 2013-12-22.
Jump up ^ "The countdown to the final community prize is on! – Tapped Out Daily". tappedoutdaily.wordpress.com. 2013-11-01. Retrieved 2013-12-22.
^ Jump up to: a b "How the Mobile Game Tapped Out Brought Old Simpsons Fans Back Into the Fold". New York (magazine)#Digital expansion and blogs. 2014-09-25. Retrieved 2012-09-26.
Jump up ^ Parfitt, Ben (2012-03-05). "EA pulls The Simpsons iOS from App Store". MCV. Retrieved 2012-03-24.
Jump up ^ "THE SIMPSONS: TAPPED OUT RELAUNCHES ON THE APP STORE". Retrieved 2017-08-17.
Jump up ^ ""South Park Trashes "Freemium" Games Like The Simpsons: Tapped Out". CraveOnline. 2014-11-06. Retrieved 2014-11-10.
Jump up ^ "The Simpsons Tapped Out Is Surprisingly Honest About Freemium Games". Dorkly. 2014-08-31. Retrieved 2014-11-10.
External links[edit]
The Simpsons: Tapped Out at Electronic Arts
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Bobsleigh
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Bobsleigh
A modern bobsleigh team, the 2010 United States top two-man team
Highest governing body
International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (French: Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing)
Nicknames
Bobsled, Bob, King's Class
First played
1870s
Characteristics
Contact
None
Team members
Teams of 2 or 4
Mixed gender
Yes, but usually in separate competitions
Type
Winter sport, time trial
Equipment
High-tech sleigh, helmet
Venue
Bobsleigh tracks
Presence
Olympic
since 1924
Listen to this article (info/dl)

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Bobsleigh or bobsled is a winter sport in which teams of two or four teammates make timed runs down narrow, twisting, banked, iced tracks in a gravity-powered sleigh. The timed runs are combined to calculate the final score.
The various types of sleds came several years before the first tracks were built in St. Moritz, Switzerland, where the original bobsleds were adapted upsized luge/skeleton sleds designed by the adventurously wealthy to carry passengers. All three types were adapted from boys' delivery sleds and toboggans.
Competition naturally followed, and to protect the working class and rich visitors in the streets and byways of St Moritz, bobsledding was eventually banned from the public highway. In the winter of 1903/1904 the Badrutt family, owners of the historic Kulm Hotel and the Palace Hotel, allowed Emil Thoma to organise the construction of the first familiarly configured 'half-pipe' track in the Kulm Hotel Park, ending in the village of Cresta. It has hosted the sport during two Olympics and is still in use today.
International bobsleigh competitions are governed by the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation, also known as FIBT from the French Fédération Internationale de Bobsleigh et de Tobogganing. National competitions are often governed by bodies such as the United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation and Bobsleigh Canada Skeleton.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 History
3 Tracks
4 Sleighs and crews
5 Races
6 Olympic medal table
6.1 Four-man
6.2 Two-man
6.3 Two-woman
6.4 Total Olympic ranking (2010)
7 Fatal incidents
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Etymology[edit]
The name is derived from the action some early competitors adopted of bobbing back and forth inside their sleds to increase speed.[1]
History[edit]
The Swiss bobsleigh team from Davos, c. 1910
An East German bobsleigh in 1951, Oberhof track, East Germany
Although sledding on snow or ice had been popular in many northern countries, the origins of bobsleighing as a modern sport are relatively recent. Its foundation began when hotelier Caspar Badrutt (1848–1904) managed to convince some English tourists to stay at his hotel in the mineral spa town of St. Moritz, Switzerland through the entire winter. He successfully sold the idea of "winter resorting" to his English regulars with food, alcohol and activities. Badrutt took this action because he had been annoyed by his regular guests were only staying at his hotel during the summer months. Within a couple of years, wintering in St Moritz at Badrutt's hotel became very fashionable. But increased numbers led those who were staying to search for new diversions. In the early 1870s some adventurous English guests began adapting boys' delivery sleds for recreational purposes and began colliding with pedestrians while speeding down the lanes, alleys and roads in St Moritz.
Guests soon began to invent "steering means" for the sleds. This led to the development of the bobsleigh (bobsled): two cresta's (skeleton sleds) attached together with a board that had a steering mechanism at the front. However, the impetus to steer the sleds permitted longer runs through the town. Longer runs also meant higher speeds on curves. Local sentiments varied about these informal competitions but eventually complaints grew so vociferous that Badrutt was forced to take action. He built the first natural ice run for his guests because he had worked hard to popularize wintering in the mountain resort and was worried customers would stop coming due to boredom. He also did not want to make enemies in the town from locals injured by bobsled accidents. He opened the world's first natural ice half-pipe track in the late 1870s.
Formal competitions started down the natural ice Cresta Run in 1884, which was built in partnership between guests and local people. The run, which is still in operation as of 2014[update], has served as a host track for skeleton at two Winter Olympics (1928 and 1948). As one of the few natural weather tracks in the world, it does not use artificial refrigeration. It is not known how much the original track evolved in the early years as the three sports matured and stabilized. The first club formed in 1897, and the first purpose-built track solely for bobsleds opened in 1902 outside St Moritz. Over the years, bobsleigh tracks evolved from straight runs to twisting and turning tracks. The original wooden sleds[2] gave way to streamlined fiberglass and metal ones.
The International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (FIBT) was founded in 1923. Men's four-man bobsleigh appeared in the first ever Winter Olympic Games in 1924, and the men's two-man bobsleigh event was added in 1932. Though not included in the 1960 Winter Olympics, bobsleigh has featured in every Winter Olympics since. Women's bobsleigh competition began in the US in 1983 with two demonstration races in Lake Placid, New York, one held in February and the second held during the World Cup races in March 1983. Women's two-woman bobsleigh made its Olympic debut at the 2002 Winter Olympic Games. Bobsleigh is also contested at American, European, and World Cup championships.
Germany and Switzerland have proven the most successful bobsleighing nations measured by overall success in European, World, World Cup, and Olympic championships. Since the 1990s Germans have dominated in international competition, having won more medals than any other nation. Italy, Austria, United States and Canada also have strong bobsleigh traditions.
Bobsleighs can attain speeds of 150 km/h (93 mph), with the reported world record being 201 km/h (125 mph).[3]
Tracks[edit]
Altenberg track, Germany.
Further information: List of bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton tracks
Modern tracks are made of concrete, coated with ice. They are required to have at least one straight section and one labyrinth (three turns in quick succession without a straight section). Ideally, a modern track should be 1,200 to 1,300 metres (3,900–4,300 ft) long and have at least fifteen curves. Speeds may exceed 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph), and some curves can subject the crews to as much as 5 g.
Some bobsleigh tracks are also used for luge and skeleton competition.
Some tracks offer tourists rides in bobsleighs, including those at Sigulda, Latvia; Innsbruck-Igls, Austria; Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Whistler, British Columbia, Canada; Lillehammer, Norway; Cesana Pariol, Italy; Lake Placid, US; Salt Lake City, Utah, US and La Plagne, France.
Sleighs and crews[edit]
Team USA on a wall, Shauna Rohbock (pilot) and Valerie Fleming (brakes) during their 2006 silver run on Cesana Pariol, Italy.
Modern day sleighs combine light metals, steel runners, and an aerodynamic composite body. Competition sleighs must be a maximum of 3.80 metres (12.5 ft) long (4-crew) or 2.70 metres (8.9 ft) long (2-crew). The runners on both are set at 0.67 metres (2.2 ft) gauge. Until the weight-limit rule was added in 1952, bobsleigh crews tended to be very heavy to ensure the greatest possible speed. Nowadays, the maximum weight, including crew, is 630 kilograms (1,390 lb) (4-man), 390 kilograms (860 lb) (2-man), or 340 kilograms (750 lb) (2-woman), which can be reached via the addition of metal weights. The bobsleighs themselves are designed to be as light as possible to allow dynamic positioning of mass through the turns of the bobsleigh course.[4]
Bobsleigh crews once consisted of five or six people, but were reduced to two- and four-person sleighs in the 1930s. A crew is made up of a pilot, a brakeman, and, only in 4-man heats, two pushers. Athletes are selected based on their speed and strength, which are necessary to push the sleigh to a competitive speed at the start of the race. Pilots must have the skill, timing, and finesse to steer the sleigh along the path, or, 'line', that will produce the greatest speed.
In modern bobsleighs, the steering system consists of two metal rings that actuate a pulley system located in the forward cowling that turns the front runners. For example, to turn left, the pilot would pull the left ring. Only subtle steering adjustments are necessary to guide the sled; at speeds up to 80 miles per hour (130 km/h), anything larger would result in a crash. The pilot does most of the steering, and the brakeman stops the sled after crossing the finish line by pulling the sled's brake lever.
Women compete in Women's Bobsleigh (which is always two-woman), and men in both two and four-man competitions.[5] Women were confirmed as being able to compete in any four-'man' bobsleigh event, as from 25 September 2014, either as part of a mixed-sex team or an all-female team.
Races[edit]
USA-1 in heat 3 of 4 man bobsleigh at 2010 Winter Olympics 2010-02-27
Vonetta Flowers (left) and Jill Bakken power up in the push zone for their 80-mile-per-hour (130 km/h) ride down the Winter Olympic bobsledding track. Bakken, the driver, and Flowers, the brakeman, won the first gold medal presented in Olympic women's bobsledding. (2002)
Individual runs down the course, or "heats", begin from a standing start, with the crew pushing the sled for up to 50 metres (160 ft) before boarding; though the pilot does not steer, grooves in the ice make steering unnecessary until the sled leaves the starting area. While poor form during the initial push can lose a team the heat, it is otherwise rarely, if ever, decisive. Over the rest of the course, a sleigh's speed depends on its weight, aerodynamics, runners, the condition of the ice, and the skill of the pilot.
Race times are recorded in hundredths of seconds, so even seemingly minor errors – especially those at the beginning, which affect the remainder of the heat – can have a measurable impact on the final race standings.
The men's and women's standings for normal races are calculated over the aggregate of two runs or heats. At the Olympic Winter Games and World Championships, all competitions (for both men and women) consist of four heats.
Olympic medal table[edit]
Main article: Bobsleigh at the Winter Olympics
Further information: List of Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Four-man[edit]
Current Olympic champion: 01 ! Russia (RUS) 02 ! Latvia (LAT) 03 ! United States (USA)
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Germany 8 4 6 18
2 Switzerland 5 5 5 15
3 United States 4 4 3 11
4 Italy 1 2 1 4
5 Austria 1 2 0 3
6 Russia 1 1 0 2
7 Canada 1 0 1 2
8 Great Britain 0 1 2 3
9 Belgium 0 1 1 2
10 Latvia 0 1 0 1
11 France 0 0 1 1
12 Soviet Union 0 0 1 1
Total
21
21
21
63
Two-man[edit]
Current Olympic champion: 01 ! Germany (GER) 01 ! Canada (CAN) 03 ! Latvia (LAT)
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Germany 8 8 4 20
2 Switzerland 4 6 6 16
3 Italy 3 2 2 7
4 United States 2 1 3 6
5 Canada 2 1 0 3
6 Russia 1 0 1 2
6 Soviet Union 1 0 1 2
8 Great Britain 1 0 0 1
9 Romania 0 0 1 1
Total
19
17
18
54
Two-woman[edit]
Current Olympic champion: 01 ! Canada (CAN) 02 ! United States (USA)-1 03 ! United States (USA)-2
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Canada 2 1 0 3
2 United States 1 2 2 5
3 Germany 1 1 1 3
4 Italy 0 0 1 1
Total
4
4
4
12
Total Olympic ranking (2010)[edit]
Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
1 Germany 16 13 11 40
2 Switzerland 9 10 11 30
3 United States 7 6 7 20
4 Italy 4 4 4 12
5 Canada 4 2 2 8
6 Austria 1 2 0 3
7 Great Britain 1 1 2 4
8 Soviet Union 1 0 2 3
9 Belgium 0 1 1 2
9 Russia 0 1 1 2
11 France 0 0 1 1
11 Romania 0 0 1 1
Total
42
40
41
123
Fatal incidents[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2010)
No
Competitor
Year
Track
Section
Race
Event
Vehicle
Jules van Bylandt 1907 Cresta Run Practice run skeleton
Oberüberl 1911 Practice run 5-man sled
Karl Gerloff 1933 Oberhof Practice run 4-man sled
Rudolf Gerloff 1933 Oberhof Practice run 4-man sled
Reto Capadrutt 1939 Cortina d'Ampezzo Practice run World Championships 1939 4-man sled
Max Houben 1949 Lake Placid Shady corner Practice run World Championships 1949 2-man sled
Felix Endrich 1953 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Bayernkurve Practice run World Championships 1953 4-man sled
Sergio Zardini 1966 Lake Placid Zig-Zag Curves Practice run 4-man sled
Toni Pensperger 1966 Cortina d'Ampezzo Practice run World Championships 1966 4-man sled
Josef Schnellneger 1970 Königssee Practice run Austria-Cup 2-man sled
Luis López 1971 Cervinia Practice run World Championships 1971 2-man sled
Giuseppe Soravia[6] 1980 Igls Finish Practice run 4-man sled
James Morgan[6] 1981 Cortina d'Ampezzo Finish Practice run World Championships 1981 4-man sled
Imants Karlsons[6] 1982 Igls Training session Training 2-man sled
Daniel Oaida[6] 1989 Altenberg Curve 4 Training session Training 4-man sled
41 Peter Förster 1990 Altenberg Finish Training session Training 2-man sled
42 Yvonne Cernota[7][8] 2004 Königssee Echowand Training session Training 2-man sled
See also[edit]
Sports portal
Luge
Cool Runnings
List of Bobsleigh World Cup champions
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "bobsledding (sport) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ "Rounding The Zigzag Turn Of A Bobsleigh Run", April 1932, Popular Science photo of wooden bobsleigh used in early 1930s
Jump up ^ "Bobsleigh Activity | TeamsOnTour.com". www.teamsontour.com. Retrieved 2016-11-24.
Jump up ^ Niller, Eric (4 February 2014). "U.S. Olympic Team Gets BMW Bobsleds". Discovery News. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "FIBT the international home of Bobsleigh and Skeleton Sports". Retrieved 3 February 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hamburger Abendblatt article, accessed December 2010
Jump up ^ "Yvonne Cernota crashes during training run". Stern.de (German)
Jump up ^ "Cernota killed in training accident". CBC News. 2004-03-12. (German)
External links[edit]
Media related to Bobsleigh at Wikimedia Commons
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text:
List of World Number One male golfers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The following is a list of the 20 golfers who have risen to the top of the Official World Golf Ranking. As of October 22, 2017, Dustin Johnson is the number one ranked golfer. Tiger Woods has spent the most consecutive weeks (281) and most total weeks (683) in that position. Three golfers have spent an entire calendar year atop the rankings: Nick Faldo (1993), Greg Norman (1996), and Woods (2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009).
Contents
[hide]
1 Number one ranked men
2 Weeks at number one
3 Weeks at number one by country
4 Weeks at number one by Ryder Cup or Presidents Cup Zone
5 Earlier number ones
6 References
7 External links
Number one ranked men[edit]
Note 1: In the first column, each number signifies the first time that golfer was ranked number one.
Note 2: In the "Cumulative total" column, each boldface number signifies the most recent time that golfer was ranked number one.
* Current number one player as of October 22, 2017
#
Country
Player
Start date
End date
Number
of weeks
Cumulative
total
Ref.
7000100000000000000♠1 FRG Langer, BernhardBernhard Langer 000000001986-04-06-0000April 6, 1986 000000001986-04-26-0000April 26, 1986 7000300000000000000♠3 7000300000000000000♠3 [1]
7000200000000000000♠2 ESP Ballesteros, SeveSeve Ballesteros 000000001986-04-27-0000April 27, 1986 000000001986-09-13-0000September 13, 1986 7001200000000000000♠20 7001200000000000000♠20
7000300000000000000♠3 AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman 000000001986-09-14-0000September 14, 1986 000000001987-11-21-0000November 21, 1987 7001620000000000000♠62 7001620000000000000♠62
7000200000000000000♠ ESP Ballesteros, SeveSeve Ballesteros (2) 000000001987-11-22-0000November 22, 1987 000000001987-11-28-0000November 28, 1987 7000100000000000000♠1 7001210000000000000♠21 [2]
7000300000000000000♠ AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman (2) 000000001987-11-29-0000November 29, 1987 000000001988-10-29-0000October 29, 1988 7001480000000000000♠48 7002110000000000000♠110 [3]
7000200000000000000♠ ESP Ballesteros, SeveSeve Ballesteros (3) 000000001988-10-30-0000October 30, 1988 000000001988-11-05-0000November 5, 1988 7000100000000000000♠1 7001220000000000000♠22 [4]
7000300000000000000♠ AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman (3) 000000001988-11-06-0000November 6, 1988 000000001988-11-12-0000November 12, 1988 7000100000000000000♠1 7002111000000000000♠111 [5]
7000200000000000000♠ ESP Ballesteros, SeveSeve Ballesteros (4) 000000001988-11-13-0000November 13, 1988 000000001989-03-25-0000March 25, 1989 7001190000000000000♠19 7001410000000000000♠41 [6]
7000300000000000000♠ AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman (4) 000000001989-03-26-0000March 26, 1989 000000001989-04-01-0000April 1, 1989 7000100000000000000♠1 7002112000000000000♠112 [7]
7000200000000000000♠ ESP Ballesteros, SeveSeve Ballesteros (5) 000000001989-04-02-0000April 2, 1989 000000001989-08-19-0000August 19, 1989 7001200000000000000♠20 7001610000000000000♠61 [8]
7000300000000000000♠ AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman (5) 000000001989-08-20-0000August 20, 1989 000000001990-09-01-0000September 1, 1990 7001540000000000000♠54 7002166000000000000♠166 [9]
7000400000000000000♠4 ENG Faldo, NickNick Faldo 000000001990-09-02-0000September 2, 1990 000000001990-10-13-0000October 13, 1990 7000600000000000000♠6 7000600000000000000♠6 [10]
7000300000000000000♠ AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman (6) 000000001990-10-14-0000October 14, 1990 000000001991-02-02-0000February 2, 1991 7001160000000000000♠16 7002182000000000000♠182 [11]
7000400000000000000♠ ENG Faldo, NickNick Faldo (2) 000000001991-02-03-0000February 3, 1991 000000001991-04-06-0000April 6, 1991 7000900000000000000♠9 7001150000000000000♠15
7000500000000000000♠5 WAL Woosnam, IanIan Woosnam 000000001991-04-07-0000April 7, 1991 000000001992-03-21-0000March 21, 1992 7001500000000000000♠50 7001500000000000000♠50
7000600000000000000♠6 USA Couples, FredFred Couples 000000001992-03-22-0000March 22, 1992 000000001992-03-28-0000March 28, 1992 7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1
7000400000000000000♠ ENG Faldo, NickNick Faldo (3) 000000001992-03-29-0000March 29, 1992 000000001992-04-04-0000April 4, 1992 7000100000000000000♠1 7001160000000000000♠16
7000600000000000000♠ USA Couples, FredFred Couples (2) 000000001992-04-05-0000April 5, 1992 000000001992-07-18-0000July 18, 1992 7001150000000000000♠15 7001160000000000000♠16
7000400000000000000♠ ENG Faldo, NickNick Faldo (4) 000000001992-07-19-0000July 19, 1992 000000001994-02-05-0000February 5, 1994 7001810000000000000♠81 7001970000000000000♠97
7000300000000000000♠ AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman (7) 000000001994-02-06-0000February 6, 1994 000000001994-08-13-0000August 13, 1994 7001270000000000000♠27 7002209000000000000♠209
7000700000000000000♠7 ZIM Price, NickNick Price 000000001994-08-14-0000August 14, 1994 000000001995-06-17-0000June 17, 1995 7001440000000000000♠44 7001440000000000000♠44
7000300000000000000♠ AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman (8) 000000001995-06-18-0000June 18, 1995 000000001997-04-19-0000April 19, 1997 7001960000000000000♠96 7002305000000000000♠305
7000800000000000000♠8 USA Lehman, TomTom Lehman 000000001997-04-20-0000April 20, 1997 000000001997-04-26-0000April 26, 1997 7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1
7000300000000000000♠ AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman (9) 000000001997-04-27-0000April 27, 1997 000000001997-06-14-0000June 14, 1997 7000700000000000000♠7 7002312000000000000♠312
7000900000000000000♠9 USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods 000000001997-06-15-0000June 15, 1997 000000001997-06-21-0000June 21, 1997 7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1
7001100000000000000♠10 ZAF Els, ErnieErnie Els 000000001997-06-22-0000June 22, 1997 000000001997-06-28-0000June 28, 1997 7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1
7000300000000000000♠ AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman (10) 000000001997-06-29-0000June 29, 1997 000000001997-07-05-0000July 5, 1997 7000100000000000000♠1 7002313000000000000♠313
7000900000000000000♠ USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods (2) 000000001997-07-06-0000July 6, 1997 000000001997-09-06-0000September 6, 1997 7000900000000000000♠9 7001100000000000000♠10
7000300000000000000♠ AUS Norman, GregGreg Norman (11) 000000001997-09-07-0000September 7, 1997 000000001998-01-10-0000January 10, 1998 7001180000000000000♠18 7002331000000000000♠331
7000900000000000000♠ USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods (3) 000000001998-01-11-0000January 11, 1998 000000001998-04-11-0000April 11, 1998 7001130000000000000♠13 7001230000000000000♠23
7001100000000000000♠ ZAF Els, ErnieErnie Els (2) 000000001998-04-12-0000April 12, 1998 000000001998-05-09-0000May 9, 1998 7000400000000000000♠4 7000500000000000000♠5
7000900000000000000♠ USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods (4) 000000001998-05-10-0000May 10, 1998 000000001998-05-16-0000May 16, 1998 7000100000000000000♠1 7001240000000000000♠24
7001100000000000000♠ ZAF Els, ErnieErnie Els (3) 000000001998-05-17-0000May 17, 1998 000000001998-06-13-0000June 13, 1998 7000400000000000000♠4 7000900000000000000♠9
7000900000000000000♠ USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods (5) 000000001998-06-14-0000June 14, 1998 000000001999-03-27-0000March 27, 1999 7001410000000000000♠41 7001650000000000000♠65
7001110000000000000♠11 USA Duval, DavidDavid Duval 000000001999-03-28-0000March 28, 1999 000000001999-07-03-0000July 3, 1999 7001140000000000000♠14 7001140000000000000♠14
7000900000000000000♠ USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods (6) 000000001999-07-04-0000July 4, 1999 000000001999-08-07-0000August 7, 1999 7000500000000000000♠5 7001700000000000000♠70
7001110000000000000♠ USA Duval, DavidDavid Duval (2) 000000001999-08-08-0000August 8, 1999 000000001999-08-14-0000August 14, 1999 7000100000000000000♠1 7001150000000000000♠15
7000900000000000000♠ USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods (7) 000000001999-08-15-0000August 15, 1999 000000002004-09-04-0000September 4, 2004 7002264000000000000♠264 7002334000000000000♠334
7001120000000000000♠12 FJI Singh, VijayVijay Singh 000000002004-09-05-0000September 5, 2004 000000002005-03-05-0000March 5, 2005 7001260000000000000♠26 7001260000000000000♠26
7000900000000000000♠ USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods (8) 000000002005-03-06-0000March 6, 2005 000000002005-03-19-0000March 19, 2005 7000200000000000000♠2 7002336000000000000♠336
7001120000000000000♠ FJI Singh, VijayVijay Singh (2) 000000002005-03-20-0000March 20, 2005 000000002005-04-09-0000April 9, 2005 7000300000000000000♠3 7001290000000000000♠29
7000900000000000000♠ USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods (9) 000000002005-04-10-0000April 10, 2005 000000002005-05-21-0000May 21, 2005 7000600000000000000♠6 7002342000000000000♠342
7001120000000000000♠ FJI Singh, VijayVijay Singh (3) 000000002005-05-22-0000May 22, 2005 000000002005-06-11-0000June 11, 2005 7000300000000000000♠3 7001320000000000000♠32
7000900000000000000♠ USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods (10) 000000002005-06-12-0000June 12, 2005 000000002010-10-30-0000October 30, 2010 7002281000000000000♠281 (record) 7002623000000000000♠623
7001130000000000000♠13 ENG Westwood, LeeLee Westwood 000000002010-10-31-0000October 31, 2010 000000002011-02-26-0000February 26, 2011 7001170000000000000♠17 7001170000000000000♠17 [12][13]
7001140000000000000♠14 DEU Kaymer, MartinMartin Kaymer 000000002011-02-27-0000February 27, 2011 000000002011-04-23-0000April 23, 2011 7000800000000000000♠8 7000800000000000000♠8
7001130000000000000♠ ENG Westwood, LeeLee Westwood (2) 000000002011-04-24-0000April 24, 2011 000000002011-05-28-0000May 28, 2011 7000500000000000000♠5 7001220000000000000♠22
7001150000000000000♠15 ENG Donald, LukeLuke Donald 000000002011-05-29-0000May 29, 2011 000000002012-03-03-0000March 3, 2012 7001400000000000000♠40 7001400000000000000♠40
7001160000000000000♠16 NIR McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy 000000002012-03-04-0000March 4, 2012 000000002012-03-17-0000March 17, 2012 7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2 [14]
7001150000000000000♠ ENG Donald, LukeLuke Donald (2) 000000002012-03-18-0000March 18, 2012 000000002012-04-14-0000April 14, 2012 7000400000000000000♠4 7001440000000000000♠44 [15]
7001160000000000000♠ NIR McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy (2) 000000002012-04-15-0000April 15, 2012 000000002012-04-28-0000April 28, 2012 7000200000000000000♠2 7000400000000000000♠4 [16]
7001150000000000000♠ ENG Donald, LukeLuke Donald (3) 000000002012-04-29-0000April 29, 2012 000000002012-05-05-0000May 5, 2012 7000100000000000000♠1 7001450000000000000♠45 [17]
7001160000000000000♠ NIR McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy (3) 000000002012-05-06-0000May 6, 2012 000000002012-05-26-0000May 26, 2012 7000300000000000000♠3 7000700000000000000♠7 [18]
7001150000000000000♠ ENG Donald, LukeLuke Donald (4) 000000002012-05-27-0000May 27, 2012 000000002012-08-11-0000August 11, 2012 7001110000000000000♠11 7001560000000000000♠56 [19]
7001160000000000000♠ NIR McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy (4) 000000002012-08-12-0000August 12, 2012 000000002013-03-24-0000March 24, 2013 7001320000000000000♠32 7001390000000000000♠39
7000900000000000000♠ USA Woods, TigerTiger Woods (11) 000000002013-03-25-0000March 25, 2013 000000002014-05-17-0000May 17, 2014 7001600000000000000♠60 7002683000000000000♠683 (record)
7001170000000000000♠17 AUS Scott, AdamAdam Scott 000000002014-05-18-0000May 18, 2014 000000002014-08-02-0000August 2, 2014 7001110000000000000♠11 7001110000000000000♠11
7001160000000000000♠ NIR McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy (5) 000000002014-08-03-0000August 3, 2014 000000002015-08-15-0000August 15, 2015 7001540000000000000♠54 7001930000000000000♠93
7001180000000000000♠18 USA Spieth, JordanJordan Spieth 000000002015-08-16-0000August 16, 2015 000000002015-08-29-0000August 29, 2015 7000200000000000000♠2 7000200000000000000♠2
7001160000000000000♠ NIR McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy (6) 000000002015-08-30-0000August 30, 2015 000000002015-09-05-0000September 5, 2015 7000100000000000000♠1 7001940000000000000♠94
7001180000000000000♠ USA Spieth, JordanJordan Spieth (2) 000000002015-09-06-0000September 6, 2015 000000002015-09-12-0000September 12, 2015 7000100000000000000♠1 7000300000000000000♠3
7001160000000000000♠ NIR McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy (7) 000000002015-09-13-0000September 13, 2015 000000002015-09-19-0000September 19, 2015 7000100000000000000♠1 7001950000000000000♠95
7001190000000000000♠19 AUS Day, JasonJason Day 000000002015-09-20-0000September 20, 2015 000000002015-09-26-0000September 26, 2015 7000100000000000000♠1 7000100000000000000♠1
7001180000000000000♠ USA Spieth, JordanJordan Spieth (3) 000000002015-09-27-0000September 27, 2015 000000002015-10-17-0000October 17, 2015 7000300000000000000♠3 7000600000000000000♠6
7001190000000000000♠ AUS Day, JasonJason Day (2) 000000002015-10-18-0000October 18, 2015 000000002015-11-07-0000November 7, 2015 7000300000000000000♠3 7000400000000000000♠4
7001180000000000000♠ USA Spieth, JordanJordan Spieth (4) 000000002015-11-08-0000November 8, 2015 000000002016-03-26-0000March 26, 2016 7001200000000000000♠20 7001260000000000000♠26
7001190000000000000♠ AUS Day, JasonJason Day (3) 000000002016-03-27-0000March 27, 2016 000000002017-02-18-0000February 18, 2017 7001470000000000000♠47 7001510000000000000♠51
7001200000000000000♠20 USA Johnson, DustinDustin Johnson * 000000002017-02-19-0000February 19, 2017 Present 7001360000000000000♠36 7001360000000000000♠36
Weeks at number one[edit]
* Current number one player as of October 22, 2017
Rank
Player
Country
Weeks
Order
Majors
7000100000000000000♠1 Woods, TigerTiger Woods United States 683 9 14
7000200000000000000♠2 Norman, GregGreg Norman Australia 331 3 2
7000300000000000000♠3 Faldo, NickNick Faldo England 97 4 6
7000400000000000000♠4 McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy Northern Ireland 95 16 4
7000500000000000000♠5 Ballesteros, SeveSeve Ballesteros Spain 61 2 5
7000600000000000000♠6 Donald, LukeLuke Donald England 56 15 0
7000700000000000000♠7 Day, JasonJason Day Australia 51 19 1
7000800000000000000♠8 Woosnam, IanIan Woosnam Wales 50 5 1
7000900000000000000♠9 Price, NickNick Price Zimbabwe 44 7 3
7001100000000000000♠10 Johnson, DustinDustin Johnson * United States 36 20 1
7001110000000000000♠11 Singh, VijayVijay Singh Fiji 32 12 3
7001120000000000000♠12 Spieth, JordanJordan Spieth United States 26 18 3
7001130000000000000♠13 Westwood, LeeLee Westwood England 22 13 0
7001140000000000000♠14 Couples, FredFred Couples United States 16 6 1
7001150000000000000♠15 Duval, DavidDavid Duval United States 15 11 1
7001160000000000000♠16 Scott, AdamAdam Scott Australia 11 17 1
7001170000000000000♠17 Els, ErnieErnie Els South Africa 9 10 4
7001180000000000000♠18 Kaymer, MartinMartin Kaymer Germany 8 14 2
7001190000000000000♠19 Langer, BernhardBernhard Langer West Germany 3 1 2
7001200000000000000♠20 Lehman, TomTom Lehman United States 1 8 1
Order – indicates the sequence in which the players first reached number 1.
Majors – number of major championships each player has won throughout his golfing career.
Weeks at number one by country[edit]
* Country with the current number one player as of October 22, 2017
Rank
Country
Weeks
Order
Majors
Players
Top Player
7000100000000000000♠1 United States 777 6 21 6 Woods, TigerTiger Woods
7000200000000000000♠2 Australia 393 3 4 3 Norman, GregGreg Norman
7000300000000000000♠3 England 175 4 6 3 Faldo, NickNick Faldo
7000400000000000000♠4 Northern Ireland 95 10 4 1 McIlroy, RoryRory McIlroy
7000500000000000000♠5 Spain 61 2 5 1 Ballesteros, SeveSeve Ballesteros
7000600000000000000♠6 Wales 50 5 1 1 Woosnam, IanIan Woosnam
7000700000000000000♠7 Zimbabwe 44 7 3 1 Price, NickNick Price
7000800000000000000♠8 Fiji 32 9 3 1 Singh, VijayVijay Singh
7000900000000000000♠9 Germany (including West Germany) 11 1 4 2 Kaymer, MartinMartin Kaymer
7001100000000000000♠10 South Africa 9 8 4 1 Els, ErnieErnie Els
Order – indicates the sequence in which the country first had a number 1 player.
Majors – number of major championships the country's world-ranked number 1 players have won throughout their golfing careers.
Players – number of players from that country who have been world-ranked number 1.
Top Player – the player from that country who has spent most weeks as the world-ranked number 1 player.

Weeks at number one by Ryder Cup or Presidents Cup Zone[edit]
* Zone with the current number one player as of October 22, 2017
Rank
Zone
Weeks
Order
Majors
Players
Top Player
7000100000000000000♠1 United States 777 3 21 6 Woods, TigerTiger Woods
7000200000000000000♠2 International team 478 2 14 6 Norman, GregGreg Norman
7000300000000000000♠3 Europe 392 1 20 8 Faldo, NickNick Faldo
Weeks – the total number of weeks players from the zone have been world-ranked number 1, including any weeks Australia's Greg Norman was world-ranked number 1 before the Presidents Cup and its International Team zone were first created. It was first played in September 1994, shortly after the August 1994 end of Greg Norman's first 7 periods (starting in Septemer 1986) and 209 weeks at Number 1 (out of his total of 11 periods and 331 weeks).
Order – indicates the sequence in which the zone first had a number 1 player.
Majors – number of major championships the zone's world-ranked number 1 players have won throughout their golfing careers.
Players – number of players from that zone who have been world-ranked number 1.
Top Player – the player from that zone who has spent most weeks as the world-ranked number 1 player.

Earlier number ones[edit]
Before the start of the Official World Golf Ranking in 1986, unofficial world golf rankings were published in Mark McCormack's World of Professional Golf Annual from 1968 to 1985. These annual world golf rankings gave Jack Nicklaus as the number one from 1968 to 1977, Tom Watson from 1978 to 1982 and Seve Ballesteros from 1983 to 1985.
References[edit]
General
"Official World Golf Ranking". Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2017-07-03.
"Number 1 Golf Rankings". Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Specific
Jump up ^ "Week ending April 6th 1986" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Week ending November 22nd 1987" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Week ending November 29th 1987" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Week ending October 30th 1988" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Week ending November 6th 1988" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Week ending November 13th 1988" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Week ending March 26th 1989" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Week ending April 2nd 1989" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Week ending August 20th 1989" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Week ending September 2nd 1990" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Week ending October 14th 1990" (pdf). Official World Golf Ranking. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Lee Westwood is world golf No. 1". ESPN. 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
Jump up ^ "Lee Westwood becomes world number one as Kaymer falters". BBC Sport. 2010-10-31. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
Jump up ^ Donegan, Lawrence (2012-03-05). "Rory McIlroy climbs to world No1 after Honda Classic win". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 2012-03-04.
Jump up ^ "Luke Donald back to World Number One after play-off victory at the Transitions Championship". Retrieved 2012-03-20.
Jump up ^ "Luke Donald loses world No 1 ranking to Rory McIlroy". The Daily Telegraph. London. 2012-04-16. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
Jump up ^ "Luke Donald finishes third in New Orleans to regain No1 spot". The Guardian. London. 2012-04-30. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
Jump up ^ "McIlroy snatches world No. 1 ranking from Donald". ESPN. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
Jump up ^ Corrigan, James (2012-05-27). "Luke Donald's PGA Championship master class at Wentworth takes him back to world No 1 spot". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 2012-05-28.
External links[edit]
Official website
[hide]
v
t
e
World Number One golfers since 1986
Seve Ballesteros
Fred Couples
Jason Day
Luke Donald
David Duval
Ernie Els
Nick Faldo
Dustin Johnson
Martin Kaymer
Bernhard Langer
Tom Lehman
Rory McIlroy
Greg Norman
Nick Price
Adam Scott
Vijay Singh
Jordan Spieth
Lee Westwood
Tiger Woods
Ian Woosnam
Player in bold denotes current number one
Official World Golf Ranking
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