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Yuri Gagarin
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"Gagarin" redirects here. For other uses, see Gagarin (disambiguation).
This article is about the Russian cosmonaut. For the Swedish rock band, see Yuri Gagarin (band).
This name uses Eastern Slavic naming customs; the patronymic is Alekseyevich and the family name is Gagarin.
Yuri Gagarin
Gagarin in Helsinki, 1961

Soviet cosmonaut
Native name
Ю́рий Алексе́евич Гага́рин
Nationality
Soviet
Born
Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin
(1934-03-09)9 March 1934
Klushino, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Died
27 March 1968(1968-03-27) (aged 34)
Novosyolovo, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Resting place
Kremlin Wall Necropolis
Other occupation
Pilot
Rank
Colonel (Polkovnik), Soviet Air Forces
Time in space
1 hour, 48 minutes
Selection
Soviet Air Force Group 1
Missions
Vostok 1
Awards
Part of a series of articles on the
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Cosmonauts[show]
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Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin [note 1] (Russian: Ю́рий Алексе́евич Гага́рин, IPA: [ˈjʉrʲɪj ɐlʲɪˈksʲejɪvʲɪtɕ ɡɐˈɡarʲɪn]; 9 March 1934 – 27 March 1968) was a Soviet pilot and cosmonaut. He was the first human to journey into outer space when his Vostok spacecraft completed an orbit of the Earth on 12 April 1961.
Gagarin became an international celebrity and was awarded many medals and titles, including Hero of the Soviet Union, the nation's highest honour. Vostok 1 marked his only spaceflight, but he served as backup crew to the Soyuz 1 mission (which ended in a fatal crash). Gagarin later became deputy training director of the Cosmonaut Training Centre outside Moscow, which was later named after him. Gagarin died in 1968 when the MiG-15 training jet he was piloting crashed. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale awards the Yuri A. Gagarin Gold Medal in his honor.
Contents
1 Early life and education
2 Soviet Air Force
3 Soviet space program
3.1 Selection and training
3.2 Vostok 1
4 After the Soviet space program
5 Death
5.1 Cause of jet crash
6 Personal life
7 Legacy and tributes
7.1 Legacy
7.2 Tributes
7.2.1 Statues
7.2.2 50th anniversary
7.3 Honours and awards
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
10.1 Sources
11 Further reading
12 External links
Early life and education
Yuri Gagarin was born 9 March 1934 in the village of Klushino, near Gzhatsk (renamed Gagarin in 1968 after his death).[1] His parents worked on a collective farm:[2] Alexey Ivanovich Gagarin as a carpenter and bricklayer, and Anna Timofeyevna Gagarina as a milkmaid.[note 2][3] Yuri was the third of four children: older brother Valentin, older sister Zoya, and younger brother Boris.[4]
Like millions of people in the Soviet Union, the Gagarin family suffered during Nazi occupation in World War II. Klushino was occupied in November 1941 during the German advance on Moscow, and an officer took over the Gagarin residence. The family was allowed to build a mud hut, approximately 3 by 3 metres (10 by 10 ft) inside, on the land behind their house, where they spent a year and nine months until the end of the occupation.[5] His two older siblings were deported by the Germans to Poland for slave labour in 1943, and did not return until after the war in 1945.[4][6] In 1946, the family moved to Gzhatsk, where Gagarin continued his secondary education.[5]
In 1950, Gagarin entered into an apprenticeship at age 16 as a foundryman at the Lyubertsy Steel Plant near Moscow,[4][6] and also enrolled at a local "young workers" school for seventh grade evening classes.[7] After graduating in 1951 from both the seventh grade and the vocational school with honours in moldmaking and foundry work,[7] he was selected for further training at the Saratov Industrial Technical School, where he studied tractors.[4][6][8] While in Saratov, Gagarin volunteered for weekend training as a Soviet air cadet at a local flying club, where he learned to fly — at first in a biplane and later in a Yak-18 trainer.[6][8] He also earned extra money as a part-time dock laborer on the Volga River.[5]
Soviet Air Force
Valentina Gagarina, Sima Eivazova and Yuri Gagarin in Bulgaria in 1966
After he graduated from the technical school in 1955, the Soviet Army drafted Gagarin.[7] On a recommendation, Gagarin was sent to the First Chkalov Air Force Pilot's School in Orenburg, and soloed in a MiG-15 in 1957.[4][6][7] After graduation, he was assigned to the Luostari airbase in Murmansk Oblast, close to the Norwegian border, where terrible weather made flying risky. He became a Lieutenant in the Soviet Air Forces on 5 November 1957; on 6 November 1959 he received the rank of Senior Lieutenant.[9]
Soviet space program
Selection and training
See also: Vostok programme
In 1960, after an extensive search and selection process, Gagarin was chosen with 19 other pilots for the Soviet space program. Gagarin was further selected for an elite training group known as the Sochi Six, from which the first cosmonauts of the Vostok programme would be chosen. Gagarin and other prospective candidates were subjected to experiments designed to test physical and psychological endurance; he also underwent training for the upcoming flight. Out of the twenty selected, the eventual choices for the first launch were Gagarin and Gherman Titov due to their performance during training sessions as well as their physical characteristics — space was limited in the small Vostok cockpit, and both men were rather short. Gagarin was 1.57 metres (5 ft 2 in) tall.[2]
In August 1960, when Gagarin was one of 20 possible candidates, a Soviet Air Force doctor evaluated his personality as follows:
Modest; embarrasses when his humor gets a little too racy; high degree of intellectual development evident in Yuriy; fantastic memory; distinguishes himself from his colleagues by his sharp and far-ranging sense of attention to his surroundings; a well-developed imagination; quick reactions; persevering, prepares himself painstakingly for his activities and training exercises, handles celestial mechanics and mathematical formulae with ease as well as excels in higher mathematics; does not feel constrained when he has to defend his point of view if he considers himself right; appears that he understands life better than a lot of his friends.[10]
Gagarin was also a favoured candidate by his peers. When the 20 candidates were asked to anonymously vote for which other candidate they would like to see as the first to fly, all but three chose Gagarin.[11] One of these candidates, Yevgeny Khrunov, believed that Gagarin was very focused, and was demanding of himself and others when necessary.[12]
Gagarin kept physically fit throughout his life, and was a keen sportsman. Cosmonaut Valery Bykovsky wrote:
Service in the Air Force made us strong, both physically and morally. All of us cosmonauts took up sports and PT seriously when we served in the Air Force. I know that Yuri Gagarin was fond of ice hockey. He liked to play goal keeper... I don't think I am wrong when I say that sports became a fixture in the life of the cosmonauts.[13]
In addition to being a keen ice hockey player, Gagarin was also a basketball fan, and coached the Saratov Industrial Technical School team, as well as being a referee.[14]
Vostok 1
Main article: Vostok 1
On 12 April 1961, the Vostok 3KA-3 (Vostok 1) spacecraft with Gagarin aboard was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome. Gagarin thus became both the first human to travel into space, and the first to orbit the Earth. His call sign was Kedr (Russian: Кедр, Siberian pine or Cedar).[15]
Poyekhali!
Gagarin's voice
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The radio communication between the launch control room and Gagarin included the following dialogue at the moment of rocket launch:
Korolev: "Preliminary stage..... intermediate..... main..... lift off! We wish you a good flight. Everything is all right."
Gagarin: "Поехали!" (Poyekhali!—Let's go!).[16]
Gagarin's informal poyekhali! became a historical phrase in the Eastern Bloc, used to refer to the beginning of the Space Age in human history.[17][18]
In his post-flight report, Gagarin recalled his experience of spaceflight, having been the first human in space:
The feeling of weightlessness was somewhat unfamiliar compared with Earth conditions. Here, you feel as if you were hanging in a horizontal position in straps. You feel as if you are suspended.[19]
Vostok I capsule on display at the RKK Energiya museum
Following the flight, Gagarin told the Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev that during reentry he had whistled the tune "The Motherland Hears, The Motherland Knows" (Russian: "Родина слышит, Родина знает").[20][21] The first two lines of the song are: "The Motherland hears, the Motherland knows/Where her son flies in the sky".[22] This patriotic song was written by Dmitri Shostakovich in 1951 (opus 86), with words by Yevgeniy Dolmatovsky.
Some sources have claimed that Gagarin commented during the flight, "I don't see any God up here." However, no such words appear in the verbatim record of his conversations with Earth-based stations during the spaceflight.[23] In a 2006 interview, Gagarin's friend Colonel Valentin Petrov stated that the cosmonaut never said such words, and that the quote originated from Nikita Khrushchev's speech at the plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU about the state's anti-religion campaign, saying "Gagarin flew into space, but didn't see any god there."[24] Petrov also said that Gagarin had been baptised into the Orthodox Church as a child, and a 2011 Foma magazine article quoted the rector of the Orthodox church in Star City saying, "Gagarin baptized his elder daughter Yelena shortly before his space flight; and his family used to celebrate Christmas and Easter and keep icons in the house."[25]
After the Soviet space program
Gagarin's flight was a triumph for the Soviet space program. The announcement on the Soviet radio was made by Yuri Levitan, the same speaker who announced all major events in the Great Patriotic War. Gagarin became a national hero of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc, and a worldwide celebrity. Newspapers around the globe published his biography and details of his flight. Moscow and other cities in the USSR held mass demonstrations, the scale of which was second only to World War II Victory Parades. Gagarin was escorted in a long motorcade of high-ranking officials through the streets of Moscow to the Kremlin where, in a lavish ceremony, he was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, by Nikita Khrushchev.[26]
Gagarin in Warsaw, 1961
Later on, Gagarin toured widely abroad. He visited Italy, Germany, Canada, Brazil, Japan, Egypt[27] and Finland to promote the Soviet Union's accomplishment of putting the first human in space. He visited the United Kingdom three months after the Vostok 1 mission, going to London and Manchester.[28][29]
The sudden rise to fame took its toll on Gagarin. While acquaintances say Gagarin had been a "sensible drinker", his touring schedule placed him in social situations where he was always expected to drink. Gagarin was also reportedly caught by his wife in a room with another woman, a nurse named Anna who had aided him after a boating incident earlier in the day, at a Black Sea resort in September 1961. He attempted to escape by leaving through a window and jumping off her second floor balcony, hitting his face on a kerbstone and leaving a permanent scar above his left eyebrow.[4][8]
In 1962, he began serving as a Deputy to the Soviet of the Union,[30] and was elected to the Central Committee of the Young Communist League. He later returned to Star City, the cosmonaut facility, where he spent several years working on designs for a reusable spacecraft. He became a lieutenant colonel of the Soviet Air Forces on 12 June 1962, and received the rank of colonel on 6 November 1963.[9] Soviet officials tried to keep him away from any flights, being worried of losing their hero in an accident. Gagarin was backup pilot for his friend Vladimir Komarov in the Soyuz 1 flight, which was launched despite Gagarin's protests that additional safety precautions were necessary.[31] When Komarov's flight ended in a fatal crash, Gagarin was permanently banned from training for and participating in further spaceflights.
On 20 December 1963, Gagarin had become Deputy Training Director of the Star City cosmonaut training base.[32] Two years later he was re-elected as a deputy to the SSSU, but this time to the Soviet of Nationalities.[30] Next year he began to re-qualify as a fighter pilot.[33] On 17 February 1968 he successfully defended his aerospace engineering thesis on the subject of spaceplane aerodynamic configuration, passing with flying colors.[34][35]
Death
Plaque indicating Gagarin's interment in the Kremlin Wall
On 27 March 1968, while on a routine training flight from Chkalovsky Air Base, he and flight instructor Vladimir Seryogin died in a MiG-15UTI crash near the town of Kirzhach. The bodies of Gagarin and Seryogin were cremated and the ashes were buried in the walls of the Kremlin on Red Square.
Gagarin was survived by his wife Valentina, a graduate of the Orenburg medical school; and two daughters, Yelena (born 1959) and Galina (born 1961).[36]
Cause of jet crash
The cause of the crash that killed Gagarin is not entirely certain, and has been subject to speculation about conspiracy theories over the ensuing decades.
Soviet documents declassified in March 2003 showed that the KGB had conducted their own investigation of the accident, in addition to one government and two military investigations. The KGB's report dismissed various conspiracy theories, instead indicating that the actions of airbase personnel contributed to the crash. The report states that an air traffic controller provided Gagarin with outdated weather information, and that by the time of his flight, conditions had deteriorated significantly. Ground crew also left external fuel tanks attached to the aircraft. Gagarin's planned flight activities needed clear weather and no outboard tanks. The investigation concluded that Gagarin's aircraft entered a spin, either due to a bird strike or because of a sudden move to avoid another aircraft. Because of the out-of-date weather report, the crew believed their altitude to be higher than it actually was, and could not react properly to bring the MiG-15 out of its spin.[37]
Another theory, advanced by the original crash investigator in 2005, hypothesizes that a cabin air vent was accidentally left open by the crew or the previous pilot, leading to oxygen deprivation and leaving the crew incapable of controlling the aircraft.[38] A similar theory, published in Air & Space magazine, is that the crew detected the open vent and followed procedure by executing a rapid dive to a lower altitude. This dive caused them to lose consciousness and crash.[39]
On 12 April 2007, the Kremlin vetoed a new investigation into the death of Gagarin. Government officials said that they saw no reason to begin a new investigation.[40]
A Russian MiG-15UTI, the same type as Gagarin was flying
In April 2011, documents from a 1968 commission set up by the Central Committee of the Communist Party to investigate the accident were declassified. Those documents revealed that the commission's original conclusion was that Gagarin or Seryogin had maneuvered sharply either to avoid a weather balloon, leading the jet into a "super-critical flight regime and to its stalling in complex meteorological conditions," or to avoid "entry into the upper limit of the first layer of cloud cover".[41]
In his 2004 book Two Sides of the Moon, Alexey Leonov, who was part of a State Commission established to investigate the death in 1968, recounts that he was flying a helicopter in the same area that day when he heard "two loud booms in the distance." Corroborating other theories, his conclusion is that a Sukhoi jet (which he identifies as a Su-15 'Flagon') was flying below its minimum allowed altitude, and "without realizing it because of the terrible weather conditions, he passed within 10 or 20 meters of Yuri and Seregin's plane while breaking the sound barrier." The resulting turbulence would have sent the MiG into an uncontrolled spin. Leonov believes the first boom he heard was that of the jet breaking the sound barrier, and the second was Gagarin's plane crashing.[42] In a June 2013 interview with Russian television network RT, Leonov said that a declassified report on the incident revealed the presence of a second, "unauthorized" Su-15 flying in the area. Leonov states that this aircraft had descended to 450 metres (1,480 ft) and that, while running afterburners, "the aircraft reduced its echelon at a distance of 10–15 meters in the clouds, passing close to Gagarin, turning his plane and thus sending it into a tailspin – a deep spiral, to be precise – at a speed of 750 kilometers per hour." As a condition of being allowed to discuss the report, however, Leonov was required to not disclose the name of the other pilot, who was reported to be 80 years old (as of 2013) and in poor health.[43][44]
Personal life
In 1957, while at the First Chkalov Air Force Pilot's School in Orenburg, Gagarin met Valentina Ivanovna Goryacheva,[3] a medical technician graduate of the Orenburg Medical School.[6][8] They were married on 7 November 1957, the same day Gagarin graduated from Orenburg, and they have two daughters.[3][6]
Yelena Yurievna Gagarina is an art historian who has worked as the Director-General of the Moscow Kremlin Museums since 2001.[45][46]
Galina Yurievna Gagarina is a professor of economics and the department chair at Plekhanov Russian University of Economics in Moscow.[45][47]
Legacy and tributes
Russian Rouble commemorating Gagarin in 2001
Monument to Yuri Gagarin in Moscow
Monument to Yuri Gagarin in Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Yuri Gagarin statue at the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London
John Glenn panel and Yuri Gagarin statue in Houston, at the former NASA office on Wayside Drive
Legacy
Aside from his short stature at 1.57 metres (5 ft 2 in), one of Gagarin's most notable traits was his smile.[48] Many commented on how Gagarin's smile gained the attention of crowds on the frequent tours he did in the months after the Vostok 1 mission success.[29]
Gagarin also garnered a reputation as an adept public figure. When he visited Manchester in the United Kingdom, it was pouring rain. However, Gagarin insisted that the convertible top remain down so that the cheering crowds could catch a glimpse of him. Gagarin stated, "If all these people have turned out to welcome me and can stand in the rain, so can I." Gagarin refused an umbrella and remained standing in his open-top Bentley so that the cheering crowds could still see him.[29]
Sergei Korolev, one of the masterminds behind the early years of the Soviet space program, later said that Gagarin possessed a smile "that lit up the darkness of the Cold War".[49]
Tributes
12 April, the date of Gagarin's space flight, has been commemorated as a special date. Since 1962, it has been celebrated in the USSR and later in Russia and other post-Soviet states as the Cosmonautics Day. In 2011 it was declared the International Day of Human Space Flight by the United Nations.[50]
Since 2001, Yuri's Night, an international celebration, is held every 12 April to commemorate milestones in space exploration.
A number of buildings and other sites on Earth have been named for Gagarin. The Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City was named in 1969. The launch pad at Baikonur Cosmodrome from which Sputnik 1 and Vostok 1 were launched, is now known as Gagarin's Start. Gagarin Raion in the Sevastopol city (Ukraine) was named after him during the period of the Soviet Union. The Air Force Academy was renamed Gagarin Air Force Academy in 1968.
Gagarin has been honored on the Moon by both astronauts and astronomers. He was honored by the American space program during Apollo 11 in 1969 when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin left a memorial satchel containing medals commemorating Gagarin and fellow cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov on the surface.[51][52] In 1971, Apollo 15 astronauts David Scott and James Irwin left the Fallen Astronaut at their landing site as a memorial to all the American astronauts and Soviet cosmonauts who died in the Space Race, with Yuri Gagarin listed among 14 others.[53][54] He is memorialized by the official naming of a 265 km crater on the Far Side after him.
Gagarin is memorialized in music, including a cycle of Soviet patriotic songs The Constellation Gagarin (Russian: Созвездье Гагарина, tr. Sozvezdie Gagarina) was written by Alexandra Pakhmutova and Nikolai Dobronravov in 1970–1971.[55] The most famous of these songs referred to Gagarin's poyekhali!: He said "let's go!" He waved his hand.[17][55] He was the inspiration for the pieces "Hey Gagarin" by Jean Michel Jarre (on Métamorphoses), "Gagarin" by Public Service Broadcasting, and "Gagarin, I loved you" by Undervud.
Vessels have been named for him. Soviet tracking ship Kosmonavt Yuri Gagarin was built in 1971. Armenian airline Armavia named their first Sukhoi Superjet 100 in Gagarin's honour in 2011.[56]
There were two commemorative coins issued in the Soviet Union to honour the 20th and 30th anniversaries of his flight: 1 ruble coin (1981, copper-nickel) and 3 ruble coin (1991, silver). In 2001, to commemorate the 40th anniversary of Gagarin's flight, a series of four coins bearing his likeness was issued in Russia: 2 ruble coin (copper-nickel), 3 ruble coin (silver), 10 ruble coin (brass-copper, nickel), and 100 ruble coin (silver).[57] In 2011, Russia issued a 1,000 ruble coin (gold) and 3 ruble coin (silver) to mark the 50th anniversary of his flight.[58]
In 2008, the Kontinental Hockey League named their championship trophy the Gagarin Cup.[59] In a 2010 Space Foundation survey, Gagarin was ranked as the #6 most popular space hero, tied with Star Trek's fictional Capt. James T. Kirk.[60] The Russian docudrama, Gagarin: First in Space, was released in 2013.
Statues
Several statues have been erected in his honor.
On 4 June 1980, a monument to Gagarin was opened on Gagarin Square in Leninsky Avenue, Moscow. The monument is 42.4 m tall and constructed of titanium. Beside the column is a replica of the descent module used by Gagarin.
In 2011 a statue, Yuri Gagarin, was unveiled at the Admiralty Arch end of The Mall in London, opposite the permanent sculpture of James Cook. It is a copy of the statue outside Gagarin's former school in Lyubertsy.[61] In 2013 the statue was moved to a permanent location outside the Royal Observatory in Greenwich.[62]
In 2012 a statue was unveiled at the site of NASA's original spaceflight headquarters on South Wayside Drive in Houston. The sculpture, completed in 2011 by artist/cosmonaut Alexsei Leonov, was a gift to Houston by various Russian organisations. Houston Mayor Annise Parker, NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, and Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak were present for the dedication.[63]
In April 2018 a bust of Gagarin, erected on the street which bears his name in the Serbian capital Belgrade, was removed, after less than week, following an outcry over the size of its head. Locals said that the tribute, was an "insult" to Gagarin. A new work will be commissioned.[64] It was revealed that the city had had no prior knowledge of the design, and neither had the Serbian Ministry of Culture, nor the foundation which had financed it.[65]
Apart from these, Gagarin has also statues and monuments for example in Karaganda, Orenburg, Izhevsk, Gagarin-Smolensk Oblast, Yoshkar-Ola, Cheboksary, Druzhkivka, Tiraspol, Irkutsk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur and Nicosia.
50th anniversary
50th anniversary stamp of Ukraine
The 50th anniversary of Gagarin's journey into space was marked in 2011 by tributes around the world. A film titled First Orbit was shot from the International Space Station, combining the original flight audio with footage of the route taken by Gagarin.[66] The Russian, American, and Italian Expedition 27 crew aboard the ISS sent a special video message to wish the people of the world a "Happy Yuri's Night", wearing shirts with an image of Gagarin.[67]
Swiss-based German watchmaker Bernhard Lederer created a limited edition of 50 Gagarin Tourbillons to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's flight.[68]
The launch of Soyuz TMA-21 on 4 April 2011 was devoted to the 50th anniversary of the first manned space mission.[69]
Honours and awards
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Graffiti of Gagarin (with Maradona and Castro), in Drvengrad, Serbia.
Jubilee Medal "40 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (USSR, 1958)
Hero of the Soviet Union (14 April 1961)
Order of Lenin (USSR, 14 April 1961)
Hero of Socialist Labour (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, 29 April 1961)
Hero of Socialist Labour, (People's Republic of Bulgaria, 24 May 1961)
Order of Georgi Dimitrov (Bulgaria, 24 May 1961)
Order of the Star of Indonesia, 2nd Class (Indonesia, 10 June 1961)
Cross of Grunwald, 1st class (Poland, 20 June 1961)
Pilot-Cosmonaut of the USSR (27 June 1961)
The first Commander of the Order of Playa Girón (Cuba, 18 July 1961)
"For achievements in aeronautics" (Brazil, 2 August 1961)
Jânio Quadros, President of Brazil, decorated Gagarin in 1961.
Order of the Southern Cross (Brazil, 3 August 1961)[70]
Order of the Flag of the Hungarian Republic, 1st class with diamonds (Hungary, 21 August 1961)
Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1961, title obtained as a reward for a space flight)
Military Pilot 1st Class (1961, awarded the qualification of space flight)
Gold Medal of the British Interplanetary Society, 1961
Honorary suvorovets (Moscow Suvorov Military School, 1962)
Order of the Nile (Egypt, 31 January 1962)
Order of the African Star (Liberia, 6 February 1962)
Hero of Labour, (Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 28 April 1962)
Gold Medal of the Austrian Government, 1962
Honorary president of the Soviet-Cuban friendship society
Honorary Member of the Society, "the Finland-Soviet Union"
Order of Karl Marx (German Democratic Republic, 22 October 1963)
Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (USSR, 9 May 1965)
Medal "For Impeccable Service", 3rd class (Soviet Union, March 1966)
Honorary member of the International Academy of Astronautics (1966)
Order of Klement Gottwald (Czechoslovak Socialist Republic)
Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR" (USSR, January 1968)
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky Gold Medal "for outstanding work in the field of interplanetary communications" (USSR)
Medal of de Lavaux (FAI)
Gold medal and diploma "Man in Space", the Italian Association of Space
Gold Medal "For outstanding difference" and the Royal Aero Club Diploma, Sweden
Medal of Columbus (Italy)
Gold Medal of Saint-Denis (France)
Gold Medal Award "for courage" of the Fund Matstsotti (Italy), 2007
and others.
Yuri Gagarin was elected an honorary citizen of the following cities:
USSR: Kaluga, Novozybkov, Klintsy, Novocherkassk, Lyubertsy, Sumqayit (in modern-day Azerbaijan), Smolensk, Vinnytsia (in modern-day Ukraine), Sevastopol (in Crimea), Saratov, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Tyumen
Russia: Orenburg[71]
Bulgaria: Sofia, Pernik, Plovdiv
Greece: Athens
Cyprus: Famagusta, Limassol
France: Saint-Denis
Czechoslovakia: Trenčianske Teplice
He was also awarded the golden keys to the gates of the Egyptian cities Cairo and Alexandria.
See also
Biography portal
Spaceflight portal
Soviet Union portal
Notes
Jump up ^ Gagarin's first name is sometimes transliterated as Yuriy, Youri, or Yury.
Jump up ^ Alexey and Anna's names are sometimes transliterated as Aleksei Ivanovich and Anna Timofeevna, respectively (Bassin 2012).
References
Jump up ^ Hanbury-Tenison, Robin, ed. (2010). The Great Explorers. London: Thames & Hudson. p. 270. ISBN 978-0-500-25169-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Tito, Dennis (13 November 2006). "Yuri Gagarin". Time Europe via Time.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Yuri Gagarin: The First Man in Space". About.com. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Rodgers, Paul (3 April 2011). "Yuri Gagarin: The man who fell to Earth". The Independent. Archived from the original on 4 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c Moskvitch, Katia (3 April 2011). "Yuri Gagarin's Klushino: Forgotten home of space legend". BBC News. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Bizony, Piers (14 March 2011). "First man of Space – the flight and plight of Yuri Gagarin". Engineering & Technology. 6 (3). Archived from the original on 26 March 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Yury Gagarin: Biography". RIA Novosti. 30 March 2011. Archived from the original on 23 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Rincon, Paul; Moskvitch, Katia (4 April 2011). "Profile: Yuri Gagarin". BBC News. Archived from the original on 22 January 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин. Astronaut.ru (in Russian). 11 July 2007. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
Jump up ^ Quoted in Siddiqi 2000, p. 262.
Jump up ^ Siddiqi 2000, p. 262.
Jump up ^ Siddiqi 2000, p. 261.
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^ Jump up to: a b Душенко, Константин (2014). Большой словарь цитат и крылатых выражений (in Russian). Litres. ISBN 978-5-699-40115-4.
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Jump up ^ Callow, John (17 January 2009). "Yuri Gagarin in Manchester". WCML.org.uk. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c French, Francis (July 1998). "Yuri Gagarin's Visit to Manchester". Spaceflight. British Interplanetary Society. 40 (7). Retrieved 7 March 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Gafutulin, Nail (12 April 2011). "Космонавт и Депутат" [Astronaut and Deputy]. Red Star (in Russian). Retrieved 10 January 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Юрий Алексеевич Гагарин" [Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin]. Astronaut.ru (in Russian). 2 June 2013. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
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Jump up ^ Holt, Ed (3 April 2005). "Inquiry promises to solve Gagarin death riddle". Scotland on Sunday. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
Jump up ^ Osborn, Andrew (September 2010). "What Made Yuri Fall?". Air & Space. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
Jump up ^ Osborn, Andrew (12 April 2007). "Kremlin vetoes new inquiry into mystery death of Yuri Gagarin". The Belfast Telegraph. Archived from the original on 14 January 2013. Retrieved 30 March 2008.
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Jump up ^ Leonov, Alexei; Scott, David (2004). Two Sides of the Moon. New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 218. ISBN 0-312-30865-5. OCLC 56587777.
Jump up ^ "Death of Yuri Gagarin demystified 40 years on". RT.com. 14 June 2013. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013.
Jump up ^ Major, Jason (14 June 2013). "Details of Yuri Gagarin's Tragic Death Revealed". Universe Today. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Abel, Allen (May 2011). "The Family He Left Behind". Air & Space. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
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Jump up ^ Riley, Christopher (11 April 2011). "What Yuri Gagarin saw: First Orbit film to reveal the view from Vostok 1". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 April 2011.
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Sources
Bassin, Mark; Kelly, Catriona, eds. (2012). Soviet and Post-Soviet Identities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN 1107011175.
Gavrilin, Vyacheslav Mikhailovich (1973). Sportsmen of the Soviet Army. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency. OCLC 23374154.
Hall, Rex; Shayler, David (May 2001). The Rocket Men: Vostok & Voskhod, the First Soviet Manned Spaceflights. Springer. p. 350. ISBN 1-85233-391-X.
Siddiqi, Asif A (2000). Challenge to Apollo: The Soviet Union and the Space Race, 1945–1974. Washington, D.C.: NASA. OCLC 48909645. SP-2000-4408. Part 1 (page 1-500), Part 2 (page 501-1011).
Further reading
Cole, Michael D (1995). Vostok 1: First Human in Space. Springfield, NJ: Enslow. ISBN 0-89490-541-4.
Doran, Jamie; Bizony, Piers (1998). Starman: The Truth Behind the Legend of Yuri Gagarin. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-4267-8.
Jenks, Andrew L (2012). The Cosmonaut Who Couldn't Stop Smiling: The Life and Legend of Yuri Gagarin. Northern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-87580-447-7.
External links
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Yuri Gagarin
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Yuri Gagarin.
External images
Memorial to Gagarin and Seregin at crash location
Memorial obelisk photo
Memorial obelisk closeup photo
Coordinates 56°02′48″N 39°01′35″E / 56.04664°N 39.0265°E / 56.04664; 39.0265
Biography by Encyclopedia Astronautica
Biography by Colin Burgess
Yuri's Night, an annual worldwide space party
YuriGagarin50.org, the 50th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin's flight into space
Obituary by The New York Times, 28 March 1968
Yuri Gagarin at Find a Grave
Multimedia
First Orbit, feature film on YouTube by First Orbit
First Man in Space: Yuri Gagarin, short film on YouTube by Roscosmos
Soviet Man in Space (1961) is available for free download at the Internet Archive
Soviets Hail Space Hero (1961) is available for free download at the Internet Archive
Photo gallery by KP.ru
Photo gallery by Sputnik News
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Pilot-Cosmonauts of the USSR
1960s
Yuri Gagarin (1961)
Gherman Titov (1961)
Andriyan Nikolayev (1962)
Pavel Popovich (1962)
Valery Bykovsky (1963)
Valentina Tereshkova (1963)
Boris Yegorov (1964)
Vladimir Komarov (1964)
Konstantin Feoktistov (1964)
Pavel Belyayev (1965)
Alexey Leonov (1965)
Georgy Beregovoy (1968)
Vladislav Volkov (1969)
Boris Volynov (1969)
Viktor Gorbatko (1969)
Aleksei Yeliseyev (1969)
Valeri Kubasov (1969)
Anatoly Filipchenko (1969)
Yevgeny Khrunov (1969)
Vladimir Shatalov (1969)
Georgy Shonin (1969)
1970s
Vitaly Sevastyanov (1970)
Nikolay Rukavishnikov (1971)
Pyotr Klimuk (1973)
Vasily Lazarev (1973)
Valentin Lebedev (1973)
Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov (1973)
Yury Artyukhin (1974)
Lev Dyomin (1974)
Gennadi Sarafanov (1974)
Georgy Grechko (1975)
Aleksei Gubarev (1975)
Vladimir Aksyonov (1976)
Vitaly Zholobov (1976)
Vyacheslav Zudov (1976)
Valery Rozhdestvensky (1976)
Yury Glazkov (1977)
Vladimir Kovalyonok (1977)
Valery Ryumin (1977)
Vladimir Dzhanibekov (1978)
Aleksandr Ivanchenkov (1978)
Yury Romanenko (1978)
Vladimir Lyakhov (1979)
1980s
Leonid Kizim (1980)
Yury Malyshev (1980)
Leonid Popov (1980)
Gennadi Strekalov (1980)
Viktor Savinykh (1981)
Anatoly Berezovoy (1982)
Svetlana Savitskaya (1982)
Aleksandr Serebrov (1982)
Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov (1983)
Vladimir Titov (1983)
Oleg Atkov (1984)
Igor Volk (1984)
Vladimir Solovyov (1984)
Vladimir Vasyutin (1985)
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov (1985)
Aleksandr Viktorenko (1987)
Aleksandr Laveykin (1987)
Anatoli Levchenko (1987)
Musa Manarov (1988)
Anatoly Solovyev (1988)
Sergei Krikalev (1989)
Valeri Polyakov (1989)
1990s
Aleksandr Nikolayevich Balandin (1990)
Anatoly Artsebarsky (1991)
Toktar Aubakirov (1991)
Viktor Afanasyev (1991)
Gennadi Manakov (1991)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNE: XX1050308
BNF: cb127780570 (data)
GND: 118537105
ISNI: 0000 0000 8387 5419
LCCN: n50015443
NARA: 10580707
NDL: 00440377
NKC: jn20000700578
NLA: 35108995
SELIBR: 187847
SNAC: w6fz0p4k
SUDOC: 050132008
ULAN: 500342574
VIAF: 61673822
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yuri_Gagarin&oldid=853955281"
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Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Rajkumar Hirani
Produced by
Vidhu Vinod Chopra
Screenplay by
Vidhu Vinod Chopra
Rajkumar Hirani
Story by
Rajkumar Hirani
Starring
Sanjay Dutt
Gracy Singh
Arshad Warsi
Sunil Dutt
Jimmy Sheirgill
Boman Irani
Music by
Songs:
Anu Malik
Background Score:
Sanjay Wandrekar
Cinematography
Binod Pradhan
Edited by
Pradeep Sarkar
Rajkumar Hirani
Distributed by
Vinod Chopra Productions
Entertainment One
Release date
19 December 2003 (2003-12-19)
Running time
156 minutes
Country
India
Language
Hindi
Budget
est.₹ 10 crore[1][2]
Box office
1.37 billion
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. is a 2003 Indian comedy-drama film directed by Rajkumar Hirani (in his directorial debut) and produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra. The story involves protagonist Munna Bhai (Sanjay Dutt), a goon, going to medical school. He is helped by his sidekick, Circuit (Arshad Warsi). It stars Sanjay Dutt, Arshad Warsi, Jimmy Sheirgill, Gracy Singh, Boman Irani and Sunil Dutt and was later followed by a second film Lage Raho Munna Bhai, and became the first instalment of the Munna Bhai film series. Vidhu Vinod Chopra announced on 29 September 2016 that production on the third Munna Bhai film starring Dutt in the title role will begin in 2017.[3]
It went on to win the 2004 National Film Award for Best Popular Film, and several Filmfare awards, including the Critics Award for Best Movie and Best Screenplay. At the box office, it achieved a silver jubilee status (25-week run) being one of only eight films to have achieved this status since the year 2000. In its 26th week of release, the film could still be found playing on 257 screens throughout India.[4]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Music
5 Awards and nominations
6 Remakes
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Murli Prasad Sharma (Sanjay Dutt), nicknamed Munna Bhai (literally Brother Munna), is a bhai or gunda: a good-natured don in the Mumbai underworld. Given that his father had wished him to be a medical doctor, he creates the faux Sri Hari Prasad Sharma Charitable Hospital (named after his father) and pretends to live in accordance with this wish whenever his father (Sunil Dutt) and mother (Rohini Hattangadi) visit him in Mumbai.
One year, however, Munna's plan goes awry when his father meets an old acquaintance, Dr. Asthana (Boman Irani) and the two older men decide to betroth Munna to Asthana's daughter, Dr. Suman "Chinki" (Gracy Singh). At this point the truth about Munna is revealed. Asthana insults Munna's parents and calls them "fools" for being ignorant of Munna's real life. Munna's father and mother, aghast and later heartbroken, leave for their village.
Munna, in grief and despair, decides that the only way to redeem himself and gain revenge for the humiliation suffered by his father at the hands of the spiteful Ashthana is to become a doctor. He decides to go to a medical college to obtain an MBBS degree.
With the help of his right-hand man Circuit (Arshad Warsi) and others, Munna "gains admission" to a medical college, where he again encounters Dr. Asthana, who is the dean. His success there becomes dependent upon the (coerced) help of faculty member Dr. Rustam Pavri (Kurush Deboo).
While Munna Bhai's skills as a medical doctor are minimal, he transforms those around him with the "Jadoo Ki Jhappi" ("magical hug") – a method of comfort taught to Munna by his mother – and the compassion he shows towards those in need. Despite the school's emphasis on mechanical, Cartesian, impersonal, often bureaucratic relationships between doctors and patients, Munna constantly seeks to impose a more empathetic, almost holistic, regimen. To this end, he defies all convention by treating a brain-dead man called "Anand bhai" (Yatin Karyekar) as if the man were able to perceive and understand normally; interacts on familiar but autocratic terms with patients; humiliates school bullies; effusively thanks a hitherto underappreciated janitor; and encourages the patients themselves to make changes in their lives, so that they do not need drugs or surgery.
Dr. Asthana, who perceives all this as symptoms of chaos, is unable to prevent it from expanding and gaining ground at his college. He becomes increasingly irrational, almost to the point of insanity. Repeatedly, this near-dementia is shown when he receives unwelcome tidings and he begins laughing in a way that implies that he has gone mad. This behaviour is explained early on as an attempt to practice "laughter therapy", an attempt that seems to have backfired – Asthana's laughing serves more to convey his anger than diffuse it. Meanwhile, his daughter becomes increasingly fond of Munna, who in his turn becomes unreservedly infatuated with her. Some comedy appears here, because Munna is unaware that Dr.Suman and his childhood friend "Chinki" are one and the same; an ignorance that Suman hilariously exploits. Asthana tries several times to expel Munna but is often thwarted by Munna's wit or the affection with which the others at the college regard Munna, having gained superior self-esteem by his methods. Asthana keeps a challenge that Munna can stay in college only if he passes the exam under his supervision. Munna and other mates accept it. Meanwhile, cancer patient Zaheer (Jimmy Sheirgill) is in a dying state seeking help from Munna. But unfortunately he dies in Munna's arms.
Eventually, Munna is shamed into leaving the college: his guilt over not being able to help Zaheer gets the better of him. In the moments immediately following Munna's departure, Anand miraculously awakens from his vegetative state; at this point Suman gives a heartfelt speech criticising her father for having banished Munna, saying that to do so is to banish hope, compassion, love, and happiness from the college.
Asthana eventually realises his folly. Munna later marries Dr. Suman, learning for the first time that she is "Chinki". The medical college – under Rustam Pavri's management since Asthana's retirement – begins to imitate Munna's radical methods of treatment. Munna and Suman open a hospital in Munna's home village, where they implement Munna's ideas daily. This, in addition to the birth of their offspring, earns Munna the nickname "Munnabhai – M.B.B.S. – Miya Biwi Bachhon Samet" (literally "Husband Wife with Children"). Munna's parents reconcile with him. His sidekick Circuit marries and has a son, who is nicknamed "Short Circuit". As the film concludes, Anand, restored to normal mental health, narrates the story to children as he is about to leave for Kolkata, West Bengal.
Cast[edit]
Sunil Dutt as Hari Prasad Sharma
Sanjay Dutt as Murli Prasad Sharma (Munna Bhai)
Gracy Singh as Dr. Suman Asthana (Chinki)
Arshad Warsi as Sarkeshwar/Circuit
Boman Irani as Dr. JC Asthana
Jimmy Shergill as Zaheer
Rohini Hattangadi as Parvati Sharma
Nawazuddin Siddiqui as a pickpocket
Kurush Deboo as Dr. Rustam Pavri
Yatin Karyekar as Anand Banerjee
Rohitash Gaud as Coconut Seller in Park
Neha Dubey as Girl in club (Suman's friend)
Mumaith Khan as Reena / Hospital dancer – Song: Dekh le
Priya Bapat as 1st Year Medical Student
Pushkar Shrotri as professor in the college
Sundeep Suthar as Chai Wala[5]
Vishal Thakkar as Varun (Suicide Patient)
Production[edit]
In an interview, Hirani discussed how the idea for the film emerged from his interactions with some friends who were medical students.[6] Later, he also had the opportunity to interact with a lot of medical professionals when some members of his family became sick. These experiences gave birth to the idea for the film.
During the scripting stage, Hirani wanted Anil Kapoor to play the lead role.[6] However, Shah Rukh Khan was later cast as Munna along with Sanjay Dutt as Zaheer but due to his back problems Khan was forced to turn down the film.[7][8][9][10][11][12] Nevertheless, the end credits of the film thank Khan for his inputs into the script.[6] Hirani also narrated the script to Aishwarya Rai during the time he was in talks with Shahrukh Khan.[6] Khan and Rai were working together on Devdas at the time. Vivek Oberoi was considered for the role but in the end Sanjay Dutt took the role as Munna, which ultimately gave him an image make over and helped change the public perception of the controversial superstar; his real-life father Sunil Dutt returned to film after 10 years to play Munna's father. This is the first and only film in which real-life father and son Sunil and Sanjay appear together, although they both appeared in Reshma Aur Shera (1971), Rocky (1981) and Kshatriya (1993) but not in any scenes together.
The original choice for Circuit's role was Makrand Deshpande. Arshad Warsi took over the role which proved to be a turning point for his career. The scenes of the Medical College were shot at the Agriculture College of Pune and Grant Medical College Mumbai.[13]
The film has a similar premise to the 1998 American film Patch Adams, starring Robin Williams. The director Rajkumar Hirani, however, denies there being a resemblance, and says that he had not watched the film before the release of Munna Bhai.[14]
Hirani did not have a big budget to shoot the film. As a result, he had to change the way certain scenes were shot. For example, the film ends with stills of Munna Bhai's wedding. Hirani was told that setting up a wedding stage and making a wedding outfit for Gracie Singh would cost him several thousand rupees. To save on some of that money, Hirani arranged to have the stills shot on an actual wedding stage set up for a real wedding near the sets. The production team reached an agreement with the wedding hall management and used their stage after a wedding ended.[6]
Music[edit]
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.
Soundtrack album by Anu Malik
Released
2003
Recorded
2003
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
33:39
Label
Venus
Producer
Anu Malik
Anu Malik chronology
LOC: Kargil
(2003) Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.
(2003) Murder
(2004)
The music is composed by Anu Malik and Sanjay Wandrekar with the former composing the songs and the latter, the score. Lyrics for the songs are penned by Abbas Tyrewala and Rahat Indori. According to the Indian trade website Box Office India, with around 1,000,000 units sold, this film's soundtrack album was the year's fifteenth highest-selling.[15]
Track list
No.
Title
Lyrics
Singer(s)
Length
1. "Chan Chan" Anu Malik, Rahat Indori Vinod Rathod, Shreya Ghoshal 7:00
2. "Dekhle Aankhon Mein Aankhien Daal" Rahat Indori Sunidhi Chauhan, Anu Malik 3:24
3. "M Bole To" Rahat Indori Sanjay Dutt, Vinod Rathod, Prachi, Priya Mayekar 8:20
4. "Subha Ho Gayee Mamu" Abbas Tyrewala Shaan 4:01
5. "Apun Jaise Tapori" Abbas Tyrewala Vinod Rathod, Sanjay Dutt, Arshad Warsi 5:32
6. "Dekhle Aankhon Mein Aankhien Daal (Remix)" Rahat Indori Sunidhi Chauhan, Joi Barua 5:22
Total length: 33:39
Awards and nominations[edit]
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. was the recipient of a number of awards. At the 2004 Filmfare awards, it received the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Movie, the Filmfare Best Screenplay Award, the Filmfare Best Dialogue Award, and the Filmfare Best Comedian Award in addition to four other nominations. It won a number of awards at the 2004 Zee Cine Awards including Best Debuting Director, Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Comic Role, Best Cinematography, and Best Dialogue.
Other ceremonies include the 2004 National Film Awards where it won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film and the 2004 International Indian Film Academy Awards where it won the IIFA Best Comedian Award.
Date of Ceremony
Awards
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
3 February 2005 51st National Film Awards Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. Won
20 February 2004 49th Filmfare Awards Best Film (Critics) Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. Won
Best Film Nominated
Best Screenplay Vidhu Vinod Chopra, Rajkumar Hirani, Lajan Joseph Won
Best Director Rajkumar Hirani Nominated
Best Actor in a Comic Role Sanjay Dutt Won
Boman Irani Nominated
Best Dialogues Abbas Tyrewala Won
Best Supporting Actor Arshad Warsi Nominated
22 May 2004 International Indian Film Academy Awards Best Screenplay Vidhu Vinod Chopra, Rajkumar Hirani, Lajan Joseph Won
Best Actor in a Comic Role Boman Irani Won
Best Dialogues Abbas Tyrewala Won
Best Film Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. Nominated
Best Editing Rajkumar Hirani Won
Best Director Nominated
Best Story Nominated
Best Actor Sanjay Dutt Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Arshad Warsi Nominated
Best Music Director Anu Malik Nominated
Best Female Playback Singer Sunidhi Chauhan (for the song "Dekhle Aankhon Mein Aankhien Daal") Nominated
Best Lyrics Rahat Indori (for the song "Dekhle Aankhon Mein Aankhien Daal") Nominated
28 May 2004 Producer's Guild Film Awards Best Debut Director Rajkumar Hirani Won
Best Editing Won
Best Director Nominated
Best Film Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. Nominated
Best Actor Sanjay Dutt Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Arshad Warsi Nominated
Best Screenplay Vidhu Vinod Chopra, Rajkumar Hirani, Lajan Joseph Nominated
Best Cinematography Binod Pradhan Nominated
26 February 2004 Zee Cine Awards Best Actor in a Comic Role Arshad Warsi Won
Boman Irani Nominated
Best Debut Director Rajkumar Hirani Won
Best Cinematography Binod Pradhan Won
Best Film Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. Nominated
2004 Bollywood Movie Awards Best Director Rajkumar Hirani Won
Most Sensational Actor Sanjay Dutt Won
Best Supporting Actor Arshad Warsi Won
21 December 2010 BIG Entertainment Awards Best Film of the Decade Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. Nominated
Remakes[edit]
Year
Film
Language
Cast
Director
2004 Shankar Dada M.B.B.S. Telugu Chiranjeevi, Sonali Bendre, Paresh Rawal Jayanth C. Paranjee
2004 Vasool Raja MBBS Tamil Kamal Haasan, Sneha, Prabhu, Prakash Raj Saran
2006 Uppi Dada M.B.B.S. Kannada Upendra, Uma, Anant Nag D. Rajendra Babu
2017 Dr. Nawariyan Sinhala Ranjan Ramanayake, Ruwangi Rathnayake Ranjan Ramanayake
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "A runaway success". Hindu.com. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Munnabhai M.B.B.S." Box Office India. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Work on Munnabhai 3 to begin next year: Vidhu Vinod Chopra". India Today.
Jump up ^ "Top Earners 2003". boxofficeindia.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2008.
Jump up ^ "Sundeep Suthar". Facebook.com. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "My First Film Rajkumar Hirani Munna Bhai MBBS Anupama Chopra". 10 August 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Sharma, Gaurav (8 December 2003). "Shahrukh Khan was the original Munnabhai | Shahrukh Khan | Munnabhai Mbbs". Bollywoodmantra.com. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Shah Rukh Khan as Munnabhai? - The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 1 October 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Why Shah Rukh Khan backed out of 'Munnabhai' | Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis". Dnaindia.com. 1 April 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sanjay Dutt replaces Shah Rukh in new movie – The Times of India". Timesofindia.indiatimes.com. 24 June 2002. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Shah Rukh was the first choice for 'Munnabhai' – IBNLive". Ibnlive.in.com. 1 April 2012. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Shropshire – Bollywood – Munnabhai MBBS Preview". BBC.co.uk. 19 December 2003. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Nitesh Rane bails out Marathi filmmaker". Money Control. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Robin Williams: The man Bollywood thanks profusely for 'Mrs Doubtfire' and 'Patch Adams' that influenced two beloved Hindi films". CNN-News18. 12 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Music Hits 2000–2009 (Figures in Units)". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 15 February 2008.
External links[edit]
Bollywood portal
2000s portal
Official Website
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. on IMDb
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. at Rediff.com
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Links to related articles
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National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment
1974–1980
Kora Kagaz (1974)
Tapasya (1975)
– (1976)
Swami (1977)
Ganadevata (1978)
Sankarabharanam (1979)
– (1980)
1981–2000
– (1981)
– (1982)
– (1983)
Kony (1984)
– (1985)
Samsaram Adhu Minsaram (1986)
Pushpaka Vimana (1987)
Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988)
Chandni and Geethanjali (1989)
Ghayal (1990)
– (1991)
Sargam (1992)
Darr and Manichitrathazhu (1993)
Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994)
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge (1995)
Maachis (1996)
Dil To Pagal Hai (1997)
Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998)
Sarfarosh (1999)
Vaanathaippola (2000)
2001–present
Lagaan (Once Upon a Time in India) (2001)
Devdas (2002)
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. (2003)
Autograph and Veer-Zaara (2004)
Rang De Basanti (2005)
Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006)
Chak De! India (2007)
Oye Lucky! Lucky Oye! (2008)
3 Idiots (2009)
Dabangg (2010)
Azhagarsamiyin Kuthirai (2011)
Vicky Donor and Ustad Hotel (2012)
Bhaag Milkha Bhaag (2013)
Mary Kom (2014)
Bajrangi Bhaijaan (2015)
Sathamanam Bhavati (2016)
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (2017)
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Munna Bhai
Films
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.
Lage Raho Munna Bhai
Characters
Munna Bhai
Remakes
Vasool Raja MBBS
Shankar Dada M.B.B.S.
Uppi Dada M.B.B.S.
Shankar Dada Zindabad
Related articles
Gandhigiri
List of accolades received by Lage Raho Munna Bhai
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t
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Rajkumar Hirani
Directorial works
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. (2003)
Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006)
3 Idiots (2009)
PK (2014)
Sanju (2018)
Productions
Saala Khadoos (2016)
Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga (2019)
show
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t
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Vidhu Vinod Chopra films
Directed
Murder at Monkey Hill (1976)
An Encounter with Faces (1978)
Sazaye Maut (1981)
Khamosh (1985)
Parinda (1989)
1942: A Love Story (1994)
Kareeb (1998)
Mission Kashmir (2000)
Eklavya: The Royal Guard (2007)
Broken Horses (2015)
Produced only
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. (2003)
Parineeta (2005)
Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006)
3 Idiots (2009)
Ferrari Ki Sawaari (2012)
PK (2014)
Wazir (2016)
Ek Ladki Ko Dekha Toh Aisa Laga (TBA)
show
v
t
e
Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film
1971-1980
Uski Roti (1971)
Ashadh Ka Ek Din (1972)
Maya Darpan (1973)
Duvidha (1974)
Rajnigandha (1975)
Aandhi (1976)
Mrigayaa (1977)
Shatranj Ke Khilari {The Chess Players} (1978)
Arvind Desai Ki Ajeeb Dastaan (1979)
Jeena Yahan (1980)
1981-2000
Albert Pinto Ko Gussa Kyoon Aata Hai (1981)
Aadharshila (1982)
Masoom (1983)
Sookha (1984)
Damul (1985)
Aghaat (1986)
Om-Dar-Ba-Dar (1989)
Khayal Gatha (1990)
Kasba (1991)
Diksha (1992)
Idiot (1993)
Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa (1994)
Bandit Queen (1995)
Bombay (1996)
Khamoshi (1997)
Virasat (1998)
Satya (1999)
Sarfarosh (2000)
2001-present
Halo (2001)
Dil Chahta Hai (2002)
The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2003)
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. (2004)
Dev and Yuva (2005)
Black (2006)
Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2007)
Chak De! India (2008)
Mumbai Meri Jaan (2009)
Firaaq (2010)
Udaan (2011)
Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara (2012)
Gangs of Wasseypur (2013)
The Lunchbox (2014)
Ankhon Dekhi (2015)
Piku (2016)
Neerja (2017)
Newton (2018)
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