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Cristina Yang
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Cristina Yang
Grey's Anatomy character
First appearance
"A Hard Day's Night" (1.01)
March 27, 2005
Last appearance
"Fear (of the Unknown)" (10.24)
May 15, 2014
(as series regular)
"She's Leaving Home" (11.22)
April 30, 2015
(stand-in)
Created by
Shonda Rhimes
Portrayed by
Sandra Oh
Information
Full name
Cristina Yang
Occupation
Chief Medical Officer at Klausman Institute for Medical Research
Director of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Klausman Institute for Medical Research
Cardiothoracic surgical Fellow at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital
Board Member at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital
Title
M.D
Ph.D.
F.A.C.S.
Family
Saul Rubenstein (step-father)
Helen Rubenstein (mother)
Spouse(s)
Owen Hunt (ex-husband)
Significant other(s)
Colin Marlow
Preston Burke (ex-fiancé)
Darren Parker
Shane Ross
Religion
Judaism
Cristina Yang, M.D., Ph.D., is a fictional character from the medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy, which has aired for over 13 years on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States. The character was created by series producer Shonda Rhimes, and is portrayed by actress Sandra Oh. Introduced as a surgical intern at the fictional Seattle Grace Hospital, Yang worked her way up to resident level, eventually becoming a cardiothoracic surgical fellow, while her relationships with colleagues Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), George O'Malley (T. R. Knight), Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl), and Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) formed a focal point of the series. Yang earlier in the series got engaged to Preston Burke (Isaiah Washington), in the past had a relationship with renowned surgeon and mentor Colin Marlow, and wed but later divorced Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd).
Oh originally auditioned for the role of Miranda Bailey, although Chandra Wilson was ultimately cast in the part. Oh has received generally positive reviews for her portrayal, with Mark Perigard of the Boston Herald considering her friendship with Meredith to be "the secret core of Grey's". Oh has also garnered numerous awards and nominations for her role as Yang, including Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Award wins in 2006. She was additionally nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series each year, from 2005 to 2009. Characterizing the character, ABC noted her competitiveness, ambition, and intelligence as her main traits, while her aggressive, and tactless attitude was highlighted as her main weakness. In May 2012, E! Online reported that Oh had signed on for two more years, along with her fellow cast members. Oh left the show after season 10, and her character Cristina Yang was written out of the storyline as a main cast member.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Storylines and Character
2 Development
2.1 Casting and creation
2.2 Characterization
3 Reception
3.1 Reviews
3.2 Awards
4 References
5 External links
Storylines and Character[edit]
Cristina Yang is introduced as a graduate from Smith College and a fellow surgical intern to Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl), George O'Malley (T.R. Knight), and Alex Karev (Justin Chambers); the five of them working under Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson). An atheistic competitive intern of Korean-American ancestry, she first desired to become a doctor after a childhood car accident which killed her biological father. Yang also suffers from dyslexia, and was raised in Beverly Hills, California by her mother and supportive Jewish stepfather. She has BA from Smith College, an MD from Stanford University and a PhD from University of California, Berkeley, making her a "double doctor". While her emotional pragmatism, competitive perfectionism, and logical nature lead many to view her as a cutthroat "robot", Cristina hits it off with Meredith on their first day and the pair soon become best friends and each other's "person", sharing the same "dark and twisty" sense of humor.
During her internship, Cristina has an on-off relationship with the chief of cardiothoracic surgery Preston Burke (Isaiah Washington) that leads to an accidental pregnancy. Yang schedules an abortion without telling him about the pregnancy due to Burke's behavior towards their lack of relationship status. However, Yang experiences an ectopic pregnancy and Burke discovers the pregnancy after Yang collapses from a burst fallopian tube. Burke and Yang begin a relationship in the aftermath of her miscarriage. After Burke is shot in the arm and develops a hand tremor, Yang helps him cover it up by developing a covert partnership wherein she performs most of his surgeries. Yang initially denies involvement during a confrontation, but then confesses everything to Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.), the chief of surgery. Yang's actions jeopardize Burke's chances of becoming chief, which he sees as a huge betrayal. After a short breakup, Yang breaks the silence and Burke proposes marriage, which Yang accepts after eight days of hesitation. Burke calls off the wedding, leaving Yang at the altar. She goes on her honeymoon to Hawaii with Meredith to recover, returning to discover that Burke has disappeared from her life and transferred to a different hospital.
Burke is replaced by Erica Hahn (Brooke Smith), who immediately dislikes Yang for her trend of having affairs with famous surgeons, such as Burke, going so far as refusing to let her scrub in on cardiac surgeries. Eventually, Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) moves in with Yang, and she still tries to earn Hahn's approval. Hahn reveals that she dislikes Yang because she reminds her of an early version of herself and continues to cut Yang out of cardio surgeries and neglects to teach her, before eventually quitting the hospital and leaving Seattle Grace without a head of cardio. Without a teacher, Yang begins to seriously doubt the purpose of remaining in her place at Seattle Grace when the program falls to twelfth on a list of the best teaching hospitals, and Burke wins the Harper-Avery award without mentioning her at all, despite her saving his career. Yang tells the Chief that her current existence in the hospital is "unbearable" and that she has turned into a ghost.
Yang meets Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd), an army trauma surgeon, when he patches her up from being stabbed in the stomach by a falling icicle. The pair are immediately attracted to each other and share a brief kiss. After Owen Hunt is honorably discharged, he is hired as Seattle Grace's chief of trauma surgery and he and Yang begin a flirtation. Yang grows emotionally when she decides to support Meredith in her relationship with Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), despite her logical misgivings about their staying power, and begins to be more emotionally open towards Hunt. However, Hunt has repressed memories of his time in Iraq and PTSD which causes Hunt to behave erratically, and attack and strangle her while asleep. Yang attempts to be emotionally supportive, but ends their relationship as she is afraid of sleeping next to him. Cristina loses her shot at being the first resident to perform a solo surgery despite being unanimously chosen by the attending surgeons, having been disciplined from failing to report the irresponsible behavior of the new interns. Meredith and Cristina have a fight during the intern scandal, and Cristina chooses Alex to be her replacement. They eventually reconcile. When Izzie Stevens discovers her life-threatening cancer, Yang is the one she confides in over her other friends due to Yang's ability to remain emotionally distant. Yang saves Izzie's life by coming up with a treatment plan and forcing Izzie to tell their friends of her diagnosis. Hunt begins seeing a therapist, and Yang confesses her love for him. The pair begin a tentative relationship, hampered by Hunt's therapeutic progress and his hot and cold professional behavior, wherein he frequently ignores or penalizes Yang to avoid the appearance of favoritism.
Hunt hires ex-colleague from the Army, Teddy Altman (Kim Raver), to become the chief of cardio-thoracic surgery as a "gift" for Yang, after she breaks down over having no new head of cardio. Yang is unimpressed with Altman, neither published nor famous, but her calm proficiency and belief in Yang's skills win her over. A conflict arises in the trio due to Altman and Hunt's repressed feelings for each other. Altman chooses to resign her place as temporary head of cardio because of her feelings for Hunt. Devastated by the blow to her education and the depressing potential of returning to her previous directionless state, Yang begs Altman to stay and teach her, offering Hunt to Altman in exchange. Altman intellectually understands Yang choosing her gift over a man and their relationship is repaired, but Hunt is very hurt that Yang would trade him away. Hunt subconsciously tries to sabotage Yang's education and the two break up again after Hunt is unable to decide between the two women. Cristina saves Derek's life with a gun to her head after he is shot by Gary Clarke, a grieving widow who commits mass murder at the hospital. Hunt is injured by the same shooter after he chooses to return for Yang over Altman, and Grey treats him as Yang saves Grey's husband. Following the attack on the hospital, Hunt and Yang impulsively decide to get married. Yang is suffering from severe PTSD and is unable to bear being alone, making marriage to Hunt, who understands what she's going through, attractive. Yang spends the early days of her marriage in shock and hiding at Meredith's.
Due to having severe PTSD and being unable to do her job correctly anymore, Cristina quits and begins bartending and eventually throws a housewarming party. Derek helps Cristina emotionally and she ultimately decides to go to work after helping the victim of a school shooting. Yang discovers she is pregnant with Hunt's child, and decides to get an abortion. Though Hunt accompanies her to the abortion, he is extremely angry with her decision. Yang then operates on Henry Burton (Scott Foley), Altman's husband, unknown of his identity. When the surgery fails and he dies, Yang is guilt stricken upon learning of her patient's identity. Altman forgives Yang and forces Yang to realize that she did everything possible. Altman's mentorship of Yang is punishing at times, and Altman brutally emphasizes that Yang must learn patience, compassion, and the basics over the flashy surgeries Yang prefers. Altman's tutelage is successful, and Yang evolves into an aware and well-rounded surgeon because of it. Altman allows Yang to come up with a wish list of dream surgeries to fulfill before Altman resigns and moves on.
Yang and Hunt distance themselves from each other as they keep fighting over the abortion, despite attending marriage counselling. Hunt has a one-night stand with a patient's friend, leaving Yang heartbroken. She decides to move on, unsure of her future with him. As the end of the fifth year of residency is near, the surgical residents, including Yang, prepare for their medical boards and for the different fellowships they plan on joining. After she passes her exams, Yang reconciles with Hunt and tells him she is leaving Seattle for the Mayo Clinic, Minnesota. Afterward, Yang, Meredith, Shepherd, Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw), Mark Sloan (Eric Dane), and Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh) are involved in an aviation accident while on the way to Boise, Idaho to perform surgery on conjoined twins. Lexie dies, and Mark later succumbs to his injuries after they are rescued and dies. Following their rescue, Yang, traumatized, suffers from brief reactive psychosis which provokes violent outbursts and makes her unresponsive. Yang leaves Seattle to become a cardiothoracic surgical fellow and goes, as planned, to the Mayo Clinic, but has difficulties adapting to her new colleagues' way of working. While in Minnesota, Yang develops a friendship with a near-retirement cardio surgeon, Craig Thomas (William Daniels). She mainly teases him with comments regarding his old age. She also begins an affair with the head of surgery Dr. Parker (Steven Culp) who has issues with Thomas. After Thomas dies from a heart attack, Yang returns to Seattle.
Cristina is re-hired and Owen asks for a divorce once Cristina wants to reconcile. Shocked, Cristina agrees, but later finds out that the potential conflict of interest regarding the plane crash lawsuit was a key motive behind Owen's request and confronts him. Owen tells her that he 'feels responsible' and was worried as he thought she was dead. They have a sexual relationship after divorcing. The hospital is sued and found guilty of negligence. The surviving doctors, including Yang, must receive $15 million of compensation each, which leads the hospital to a near bankruptcy as the insurers refuse to pay. Yang, Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez), and the other surviving doctors buy the hospital with the help of the Harper-Avery Foundation to prevent it from closing, and each become members of the new directing board. After buying the hospital, Yang realizes that she was made for the O.R. and breaks things off with Owen because he still wants kids and she still doesn't.
After breaking up with Owen, Cristina continues to excel at surgery and becomes de facto chief of cardio. Although supportive of Meredith's choice to become a mother, Cristina points out the fact that it has hurt Meredith's career and clinical judgement. This causes a wedge in their friendship. Grey attempts to catch up professionally with a research trial, but the divide widens when Cristina's trial overshadows Grey's and steals Grey's resources. When Dr. Shane Ross, a second-year resident, stands up to Meredith for her, Cristina gives Shane a kiss. Later, she begins sleeping with him, as well as becoming his mentor and passing on the skills learned from Altman. Cristina's project is immensely successful and she is informed that she could be considered for the Harper Avery award from her 3-D printing of a heart conduit. Grey and Yang reconcile when Grey acknowledges that Yang is correct, she has surpassed Grey, and that Grey is jealous of Yang's professional freedom and success, while her own is hampered by her family.
Cristina is nominated for the Harper Avery award and is a strong candidate, however she is passed over due to her relationship with the Harper-Avery Foundation that co-owns the hospital. Cristina goes to speak at a hospital in Zurich, Switzerland, orchestrated by Preston Burke who built his own hospital following his winning of the Harper Avery. He offers Cristina his job as the head of the hospital so that he can spend more time with his wife and kids.
Cristina accepts the offer and interviews candidates for her replacement position at the hospital, including Maggie Pierce for new chief of cardio. Cristina transfers her hospital shares to Alex Karev and recommends he take over her seat on the board.
At the end of season 10, she says goodbye to her fellow co-workers she has come to know and love including Owen and Meredith. Cristina and Meredith share special moments together reminiscing about all the horrors they went through and dancing it out one last time. Cristina leaves for Zurich with surgical intern Shane Ross, who chooses to leave in order to study under her in Switzerland.
Development[edit]
Casting and creation[edit]
Sandra Oh's character was not supposed to be of Asian descent
On the creation of Yang, Shonda Rhimes said the character contained "a little bit of [her] personality".[2] Speaking with talk show host Oprah Winfrey, Rhimes said: "Cristina was second, simply because she's the kind of woman I know really well, and I like her. There's something interesting about a person who is that driven, a little bit emotionally disconnected but still a caring, sweet, and smart individual you could be friends with."[3] Sandra Oh, initially auditioned for the character of Bailey, adding: "Thank God I did not get that part", explaining the show would not be the same without fellow cast member, Wilson.[4] Discussing casting Oh as Yang, Rhimes said: "She brought this energy that felt very fresh. From the beginning, I've been shaping Cristina around Sandra a little bit. One of my favorite things to do is take as much of her dialogue out of a scene as possible because she does so much nonverbally. Then I just watch what she manages to do without having a word to say."[2]
The character of Yang was not originally supposed to be of Asian descent. Oh said her character was "a pert little blonde and the thing is the woman who runs the show, Shonda Rhimes, is a black woman, which makes a big [expletive] difference."[5] In 2009, when asked why Oh signed on for Grey's Anatomy, Oh said:
"I'm very proud of this show and I think it came along at the right time for me. It's a changing time on television because five or ten years ago you wouldn't have a major network show where half of the cast were not white."[6] Oh's original contract with the show expired after season eight, however, E! Online reported in May 2012, that Oh, as well as all original cast members, had signed on for two more years.[7]
Characterization[edit]
The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) characterized Yang as "competitive", "ambitious", and "intelligent", while also noting her weaknesses: "bossy", "aggressive", and "tactless".[8] Oh said of her character: "I've always tried to play Cristina with a tremendous amount of focus and ambition—which is the reality for a female surgeon. I mean, in real life there aren't many of them. But the ones you encounter are at the very top of their game. You have to have a kind of ascetic personality to survive."[9] James Pickens, Jr. who portrays Dr. Webber said: "That character itself set a bar in terms of how we look at millennial women: independent yet vulnerable, seriously competitive yet caring."[10] Rhimes referred to Yang's relationship with Burke by the portmanteau "Burktina", citing "Losing My Religion" as one of her favorite episodes featuring them because it shows their evolution from the beginning of the second season to its end.[11]
Kevin McKidd's character was introduced as a love interest for Yang.
Rhimes commented, "[We see] her struggle to suppress all of her humanity in pursuit of perfection. And in my mind, what we realize is that she is not cold. She is terrified. Scared that if she lets her emotions out, they will overtake her and she will be hurt. And you can’t hate her. Because it's so incredibly human and understandable."[11] Yang's friendship with Meredith has been looked upon as "sisterhood", and Yang has repeatedly referred to the former as "her person". This led to the two being dubbed "the twisted sisters". At the conclusion of season three, the duo went on a "honeymoon" together, and Rhimes called it her favorite detail of the finale.[12]
New York magazine wrote of the character: "There's probably no woman on TV right now more single-mindedly dedicated to her career than Cristina. It has long been her defining characteristic. If it occasionally makes her into a caricature, it has also unquestionably established that she would have an abortion in this circumstance."[13] Talking about Yang's abortion in the eighth season, Rhimes explained she intended Yang to have an abortion already in the second season but changed it with an ectopic pregnancy at the suggestion of one of her writers because "that was so much more interesting, story-wise". As for the abortion in the eighth season, Rhimes commented: "I really wanted Cristina Yang to stay true to who Cristina Yang is. And I feel like that is a character who has never really wanted to be a mother. The idea that this woman would have a child that she did not want and resented for ruining her career and resented Owen for making her have [it] would have been hideous. [The abortion] made sense for the character."[14]
Discussing his onscreen relationship with Yang, McKidd said: "It's not going to be easy for them. What I read when I read the season premiere, and this is just my take on it, is that it was very much two very analytical people, Owen and Cristina. They're very similar in a way, I think, as people. Two analytical people see each other over a crowded ER room and their eyes meet."[15] On the topic of Yang's triumphs and challenges in the eighth season, Oh said: "It has been an extremely challenging year that has had a lot of ups and downs, both challenging and exhilarating. We would shoot all our scenes for a day or two straight, and that was extremely challenging because emotionally and physically it becomes really exhausting."[16]
Oh said of Yang's expressions of emotions during season eight: "You see her express her emotions with only two people: her best friend Meredith and her husband Owen. To see someone being pulled apart so intensely, which honestly most everyone goes through in their life in some ways, if you're lucky you're completely pulled apart and then you have to pull yourself together, which hopefully will be the exploration within hopefully the next season."[16] Although the characters' marriage is tested, McKidd reported to The Hollywood Reporter: "I think they're meant for each other. I hold out faith in Cristina and Owen, even though they go to the darkest places out of all the couples on the show. It's going to get worse but it's going to get better soon."[17]
Reception[edit]
Reviews[edit]
Isaiah Washington's character's relationship with Yang was positively received.
The character was well received by the critics at the time of its inception and as the series went on the reviews became increasingly positive and Cristina went on the become an iconic character not just for Grey's but for television itself. Kelli Catana of The Huffington Post named Yang "the best damn character" of the series.[18] Yang appeared in Comcast's list of TV's Most Intriguing Characters, with the website commenting that she is "an engaging yet comedic factor for the prime-time soap Grey's Anatomy."[19] Philadelphia Magazine included Yang in its list of the "10 Best Doctors on Television".[20] However, the same periodical listed her as one of "The 12 Most Annoying Women on TV".[21] Mark Perigard of the Boston Herald considers her friendship with Meredith to be "the secret core of Grey's and perhaps creator Shonda Rhimes' greatest contribution to prime time."[22] The Huffington Post's writer Kelli Catana agreed, saying: "the Meredith/Yang relationship is probably the most true friendship on network television."[18] Their friendship was listed in AOL TV's "Top 20: TV's Best BFFs" and in Entertainment Weekly's "30 Best TV Bromances/Gal Pals".[23][24] Yahoo! Voices also put Yang on their list of "The Most Loyal TV Best Friends of All Time".[25] Television Without Pity writer Lauren Shotwell claimed Yang is "the only one of these five [residents] that regularly acts like an actual doctor".[26]
Yang's relationship with Burke was positively received; it was considered as "one of the most interesting relationships on the show".[27] Similarly, The Orange County Register wrote that their romance became "one of the most touching and funny attractions of Grey's Anatomy."[28] Christopher Monfette of IGN was critical of their wedding planning in the third season, saying: "The will-they's and won't-they's fly and fall like hobbled pigeons until the season finale when the show solves both its personal and professional problems in the most obvious and least compelling of ways."[29] UGO.com placed their break-up on its list of the most horrible TV breakups.[30] In 2009, Monfette said of Yang's relationship with Owen: "[Hunt's] interactions with Cristina were perfectly balanced for optimum drama, never together and never apart for so long that the back-and-forth became frustrating. Viewers could clearly see a softening of the typically hard-edged Cristina, a pleasant change for what had become something of a one-note character."[31]
Jennifer Armstrong of Entertainment Weekly also praised the pairing, especially in "Elevator Love Letter", saying: "As good as they've been at amping up the romance crackling between Owen and Cristina, Kevin McKidd and Sandra Oh brought the Emmy consideration tonight from scene 1."[32] She also added: "I loved seeing Cristina at least try to stand by her man."[32] Of Yang and Owen's wedding, Armstrong said: "Glad we made a clean disposal of the Teddy-Owen-Cristina love triangle, though, when he quipped to Teddy, "I heard there's a guy," and she said she was happy for him."[33] She also praised Owen's proposal scene, giving it an "A".[33] Later, she praised their marriage, saying: "I am absolutely loving the stronger-than-ever lady-bond between these two this season. Is it because they're both married now? Just growing up? Whatever, it's the opposite of Blair and Serena's annoyingly fickle frenemy status on Gossip Girl, and I can’t get enough."[34]
New York Magazine praised the abortion storyline, saying that the show "was brave enough to do what almost no other series will: show this one particular, totally legal medical procedure on TV" and that the abortion was "the only plausible resolution" for Yang's pregnancy.[13] Tanner Stransky, also of Entertainment Weekly, said of Yang's actions after Owen's affair: "It alternately seems silly and not silly, when you really think about it."[35] Robert Bianco of USA Today praised Yang's storylines in the eighth season, saying: "Their stories are effectively tied into that of a patient whose ability to move forward is complicated by a complex response to a hideous past."[36] HitFix writer Liane Bonin Starr applauded Yang's brief departure from Seattle Grace to Mayo Clinic in the ninth season, which was "interesting" as "it showed us a new side of her—and after so many seasons, that was some welcome insight."[37]
The relation between Meredith and Cristina has been acclaimed and been a highlight of the show. Mark Perigard of the Boston Herald considered the friendship to be "the secret core of Grey's". Aisha Harris of Slate called their relation The Best Female Friendship on TV adding that "With those two characters, showrunner Shonda Rhimes and her team of writers created one of the most nuanced and realistic portrayals of female friendship on television."[38] Samantha Highfill of Entertainment Weekly called Cristina and Meredith the best female friends on TV because "they don't try to be". There's nothing fake about them, which is a rarity in how female friends are portrayed on television. She further went on to call them 'soulmates', "And even though they’d never dare get sappy enough to say it, they're soul mates.[39] Margaret Lyons of Vulture (magazine) called the friendship "dream BFF relationship." and the primary focus of the show, "One of the series' calling cards has been its depiction of female friendship and particularly the primacy that friendship enjoyed over romantic relationships."[40]
E! at the time of Sandra Oh's exit wrote, "In Grey's Anatomy's 10-year history, the doctor duo has been through a lot together: weddings, deaths, plane crashes, bomb threats, shooting, you name it, they've lived (and danced) through it." and added, "And with the three words, "You're my person." Cristina Yang and Meredith Grey solidified their status as the small screen's best best friends ever."[41]
Awards[edit]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Grey's Anatomy
Oh received five straight nominations at the Primetime Emmy Awards from 2005–09.
Oh has received numerous awards and nominations for her portrayal of Yang. In 2005, she was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series, which she was nominated for every year until 2009.[42] Also in 2005, she was nominated for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film at the 10th Satellite Awards.[43] The next year, the cast won the Satellite Award for Best Cast – Television Series.[44] In 2006, Oh won the award for Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film at the 63rd Golden Globe Awards.[45] In 2006, the cast was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series,[46] which they won in 2007,[47] and were nominated for again the following year.[48] Also at the 12th Screen Actors Guild Awards, Oh won the award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series.[46] In 2010, Oh was nominated for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series at the 41st NAACP Image Awards,[49] which she was nominated for again in 2012,[50] and in 2011, she was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series at the 42nd NAACP Image Awards.[51] In 2011, Oh was nominated for Favorite TV Drama Actress and Favorite TV Doctor at the 37th People's Choice Awards an award she was nominated again for three years later at the 40th People's Choice Awards and also the subsequent year at the 41st People's Choice Awards. She was also nominated alongside Pompeo for the Favorite TV Gal Pals category.[52]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Armstrong, Jennifer (October 8, 2010). "Grey's Anatomy recap: Sex Ed". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ Stransky, Tanner (April 12, 2012). "'Grey's Anatomy' recap: 'Support System'". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bianco, Robert (April 18, 2012). "Since 'Grey's', Shonda Rhimes' work has taken a turn for the worse". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ Liane Bonin Starr (March 14, 2013). "'Grey's Anatomy': Does Meredith Grey need to get fired?". HitFix. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2014/05/14/grey_s_anatomy_season_finale_ends_meredith_and_cristina_s_friendship_the.html
Jump up ^ http://popwatch.ew.com/2014/05/14/greys-anatomy-meredith-cristina/
Jump up ^ http://www.vulture.com/2013/12/meredith-cristina-greys-anatomy-fight.html
Jump up ^ http://www.eonline.com/news/538821/grey-s-anatomy-we-dare-you-not-to-cry-during-this-tribute-to-cristina-and-meredith-s-epic-friendship
Jump up ^ "Sandra Oh". Primetime Emmy Awards. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Satellite Awards 2005". Whose Dated Who. Lucy Media. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "2006 Satellite Awards". Alt Film Guide. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "63rd Golden Globe Award Winners". Golden Globe Awards. Hollywood Foreign Press Association. January 16, 2006. Archived from the original on April 15, 2012. Retrieved May 23, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "The 12th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. January 29, 2006. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 13th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. January 28, 2007. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 14th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. January 27, 2008. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ Finke, Nikki (January 6, 2010). "41st NAACP Image Award Nominations". Deadline.com. PMC. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ Beard, Lanford (January 19, 2012). "NAACP Image Awards nominees announced". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mandell, Zack (January 12, 2011). "Nominees Announced for 42nd NAACP Image Awards". Yahoo! Voices. Yahoo!. Archived from the original on February 10, 2013. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "People's Choice Awards 2011 Nominees". People's Choice Awards. Procter & Gamble. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2012.
General
"Grey's Anatomy: Episode Recap Guide". ABC. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
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text:
Gun laws in Mississippi
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Location of Mississippi in the United States
Gun laws in Mississippi regulate the sale, possession, and use of firearms and ammunition in the state of Mississippi in the United States.
Contents
[hide]
1 Summary table
2 Concealed and open carry
3 State preemption
4 Lawsuits
5 References
Summary table[edit]
Subject/Law
Long guns
Handguns
Relevant statutes
Notes
State Permit to Purchase? No No
Firearm registration? No No
Assault weapon law? No No
Owner license required? No No
Carry permits required? No No Code Sections 95-3-1, 45-9-101, 97-37-7, House Bill 506 of the 2011 Mississippi Legislature As of July 1, 2015 the concealed carry law was amended to say "no license shall be required under this section for a loaded or unloaded pistol or revolver carried in a purse, handbag, satchel, other similar bag or briefcase or fully enclosed case."[1]
On April 15, 2016, the law was further expanded to include belt and shoulder holsters and sheaths.[2][3] This effectively allows for constitutional carry in Mississippi. However, some forms of concealed carrying would still require a permit (e.g. Mexican carry or concealed in an ankle holster).
Licenses still available on a shall-issue basis, issued within 45 days. The license is valid for five years. An enhanced license allows for carrying at public universities and other places.
Concealed carry is not allowed in a k-12 school, courthouse, police station, detention facility, government meeting place, polling place, establishment primarily devoted to dispensing alcoholic beverages, athletic event, parade or demonstration for which a permit is required, passenger terminal of an airport, "place of nuisance" as defined in Mississippi Code section 95–3–1, or a location where a sign is posted and clearly visible from at least ten feet away saying that the "carrying of a pistol or revolver is prohibited". With an enhanced carry permit per Mississippi Code section 97-37-7(2) as amended by House Bill 506 of the 2011 Regular Session,[4] the prohibited locations to carry concealed are as follows: any police, sheriff or highway patrol station; any detention facility, prison or jail; courtrooms during a judicial proceeding; any "place of nuisance"; and (not listed in the Mississippi statutes, but still relevant) any place where the carrying of firearms is prohibited by federal law. A license to carry a pistol or revolver is not required for open carry. A license is not required for transporting a concealed or visible firearm in a vehicle.
Open Carry? Yes Yes House Bill 2 of the 2013 Mississippi Legislature The "HB2" Unlicensed Open Carry Law went into effect July 1, 2013. An injunction, declaring the definition of "concealed handgun" unconstitutionally vague, was initially put in place by a Circuit Court Judge in Jackson, MS. The injunction was vacated August 29th, 2013 by the Mississippi Supreme Court.[5]
State Preemption of local restrictions? Yes Yes No county or municipality may adopt any ordinance that restricts or requires the possession, transportation, sale, transfer or ownership of firearms or ammunition or their components. However, local governments may regulate the discharge of firearms, the carrying of firearms at a public park or public meeting, or the use of firearms in cases of insurrection, riots and natural disasters.
NFA weapons restricted? No No Permitted as long such possession is in compliance with all federal regulations
Peaceable Journey laws? Yes Yes
Background checks required for private sales? No No
Concealed and open carry[edit]
Mississippi[6][7] is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry. The Mississippi Department of Public Safety shall issue a license to carry a concealed pistol or revolver to a qualified applicant within 45 days. The license is valid for five years. Concealed carry is not allowed in a school, courthouse, police station, detention facility, government meeting place, polling place, establishment primarily devoted to dispensing alcoholic beverages, athletic event, parade or demonstration for which a permit is required, passenger terminal of an airport, "place of nuisance" as defined in Mississippi Code section 95–3–1,[8] or a location where a sign is posted and clearly visible from at least ten feet away saying that the "carrying of a pistol or revolver is prohibited". A license to carry a pistol or revolver is not required for open carry beginning July 1, 2013 (see above). A license is not required for transporting a concealed or visible firearm in a vehicle.[9][10][11][12] As of April 15, 2016, a license is not required to carry concealed in certain manners (see above), effectively legalizing constitutional carry. Additionally, churches are now covered under the Castle Doctrine and state/local law enforcement are barred from enforcing federal regulations/executive orders not approved by Congress that violate the U.S. Constitution or Mississippi Constitution.[2]
State preemption[edit]
Mississippi has state preemption of many but not all firearm laws. No county or municipality may adopt any ordinance that restricts or requires the possession, transportation, sale, transfer or ownership of firearms or ammunition or their components. However, local governments may regulate the discharge of firearms, the carrying of firearms at a public park or public meeting, or the use of firearms in cases of insurrection, riots and natural disasters.[13]
Lawsuits[edit]
Lawsuits against manufacturers, distributors, or dealers for damages resulting from the lawful design, manufacture, distribution or sale of firearms are reserved to the state. However, local governments may bring suit for breach of contract or warranty or for defects in materials or workmanship.[14]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Senate Bill 2394 (As Sent to Governor)", Mississippi Legislature, 2015. Retrieved April 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b NRA-ILA. "NRA-ILA Mississippi: Gov. Phil Bryant Signs NRA-Backed Permitless Carry Bill & Other Pro-Second Amendment Measures into Law!". NRA-ILA. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
Jump up ^ Staff, WLOX. "Gov. Bryant signs Church Protection Act". www.wdam.com. Retrieved 2016-04-16.
Jump up ^ "House Bill 506" (PDF). Retrieved June 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mississippi Supreme Court decision: Mississippi v. Smith, State of Mississippi Judiciary. Retrieved August 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Firearms Laws for Mississippi on nraila.org" (PDF). Retrieved November 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Mississippi State Law Summary on". Lcav.org. October 24, 2011. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Mississippi Code section 95–3–1: Definitions of terms "person," "place" and "nuisance"". Mscode.com. March 14, 1973. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Mississippi Department of Public Safety – Highway Patrol – Firearm Permits FAQ". Retrieved June 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mississippi Concealed Carry CCW Laws and Information on handgunlaw.us" (PDF). May 31, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mississippi Concealed Carry Permit Information on". Usacarry.com. March 9, 2011. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mississippi Department of Public Safety - Firearms Permit Unit". Retrieved June 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms – State Laws and Published Ordinances – Firearms – Mississippi
Jump up ^ "Mississippi Code section 11–1–67: Authority to sue traders in firearms reserved to state". Mscode.com. January 1, 2003. Retrieved November 23, 2011.
[hide]
v
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Gun laws in the United States by state
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
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Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
District of Columbia
American Samoa
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
Puerto Rico
U.S. Virgin Islands
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gun_laws_in_Mississippi&oldid=793356100"
Categories:
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United States gun laws by state
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text:
List of Major League Baseball career home run leaders
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Barry Bonds holds the record for most career home runs, hitting 762 over his 22-year career.
This is a list of the top 300 Major League Baseball leaders in home runs hit. In the sport of baseball, a home run is a hit in which the batter scores by circling all the bases and reaching home plate in one play, without the benefit of a fielding error. This can be accomplished either by hitting the ball out of play while it is still in fair territory (a conventional home run), or by an inside-the-park home run.
Barry Bonds holds the Major League Baseball home run record with 762. He passed Hank Aaron, who is currently second with 755, on August 7, 2007. The only other player to have hit 700 or more is Babe Ruth with 714. Alex Rodriguez (696), Willie Mays (660), Ken Griffey, Jr. (630), Albert Pujols (621), Jim Thome (612), and Sammy Sosa (609) are the only other players to have hit 600 or more.
Listed are all Major League Baseball players with 215 or more home runs hit during an official regular season (i.e., excluding playoffs or exhibition games). Players in bold face are active as of the 2018 Major League Baseball season (including free agents), with the number in parentheses designating the number of home runs they have hit during the 2018 season. The last change in the cutoff for the top 300 occurred on September 30, 2017, when Carlos González hit his 215th career home run, displacing Jeff Conine and José Guillén.
Contents
[hide]
1 Key
2 List
3 See also
4 Notes
5 References
Key[edit]
Rank Rank amongst leaders in career home runs. A blank field indicates a tie.
Player (2018 HRs) Number of home runs hit during the 2018 Major League Baseball season.
HR Total career home runs hit.
*
denotes elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame.
Bold
denotes active player.[a]
List[edit]
Stats updated as of May 29, 2018.
Rank
Player (2018 HRs)
HR
1 Barry Bonds 762
2 Hank Aaron * 755
3 Babe Ruth * 714
4 Alex Rodriguez 696
5 Willie Mays * 660
6 Ken Griffey, Jr. * 630
7 Albert Pujols (7) 621
8 Jim Thome* 612
9 Sammy Sosa 609
10 Frank Robinson * 586
11 Mark McGwire 583
12 Harmon Killebrew * 573
13 Rafael Palmeiro 569
14 Reggie Jackson * 563
15 Manny Ramirez 555
16 Mike Schmidt * 548
17 David Ortiz 541
18 Mickey Mantle * 536
19 Jimmie Foxx * 534
20 Willie McCovey * 521
Frank Thomas * 521
Ted Williams * 521
23 Ernie Banks * 512
Eddie Mathews * 512
25 Mel Ott * 511
26 Gary Sheffield 509
27 Eddie Murray * 504
28 Lou Gehrig * 493
Fred McGriff 493
30 Stan Musial * 475
Willie Stargell * 475
32 Carlos Delgado 473
33 Chipper Jones* 468
34 Miguel Cabrera (3) 465
Dave Winfield * 465
36 Adrian Beltre (1) 463
37 José Canseco 462
Adam Dunn 462
39 Carl Yastrzemski * 452
40 Jeff Bagwell * 449
Vladimir Guerrero* 449
42 Dave Kingman 442
43 Jason Giambi 440
44 Paul Konerko 439
45 Andre Dawson * 438
46 Carlos Beltrán 435
47 Juan González 434
Andruw Jones 434
49 Cal Ripken, Jr. * 431
50 Mike Piazza * 427
51 Billy Williams * 426
52 Darrell Evans 414
53 Alfonso Soriano 412
54 Mark Teixeira 409
55 Duke Snider * 407
56 Andrés Galarraga 399
Al Kaline * 399
58 Dale Murphy 398
59 Joe Carter 396
60 Jim Edmonds 393
61 Graig Nettles 390
62 Johnny Bench * 389
63 Aramis Ramírez 386
64 Dwight Evans 385
65 Harold Baines 384
66 Larry Walker 383
67 Frank Howard 382
Ryan Howard 382
Jim Rice * 382
70 Albert Belle 381
71 Orlando Cepeda * 379
Tony Pérez * 379
73 Matt Williams 378
74 Norm Cash 377
Jeff Kent 377
Rank
Player (2018 HRs)
HR
76 Carlton Fisk * 376
77 Rocky Colavito 374
78 Gil Hodges 370
79 Todd Helton 369
Ralph Kiner * 369
81 Lance Berkman 366
82 Joe DiMaggio * 361
83 Edwin Encarnación (12) 360
Gary Gaetti 360
85 Johnny Mize * 359
86 Yogi Berra * 358
Carlos Lee 358
88 Greg Vaughn 355
89 Luis Gonzalez 354
Lee May 354
91 Torii Hunter 353
92 Ellis Burks 352
93 Dick Allen 351
94 Chili Davis 350
95 George Foster 348
96 Ron Santo * 342
97 Jack Clark 340
98 Tino Martinez 339
Dave Parker 339
Boog Powell 339
101 Don Baylor 338
102 Joe Adcock 336
103 Darryl Strawberry 335
104 José Bautista (2) 333
105 Moisés Alou 332
Bobby Bonds 332
107 Nelson Cruz (8) 331
Hank Greenberg * 331
Derrek Lee 331
110 Shawn Green 328
Mo Vaughn 328
112 Jermaine Dye 325
Willie Horton 325
114 Gary Carter * 324
Lance Parrish 324
116 Curtis Granderson (4) 323
117 Ron Gant 321
118 Vinny Castilla 320
Troy Glaus 320
120 Cecil Fielder 319
Prince Fielder 319
122 Roy Sievers 318
123 Adrian Gonzalez (6) 317
George Brett * 317
125 Ron Cey 316
Scott Rolen 316
127 Jeromy Burnitz 315
128 Matt Holliday (0) 314
Reggie Smith 314
130 Iván Rodríguez * 311
131 Jay Buhner 310
132 Edgar Martínez 309
133 Ryan Braun (5) 307
Greg Luzinski 307
Al Simmons * 307
Miguel Tejada 307
137 Fred Lynn 306
Richie Sexson 306
Rubén Sierra 306
140 Robinson Canó (4) 305
Raúl Ibañez 305
David Justice 305
Reggie Sanders 305
144 Steve Finley 304
145 Rogers Hornsby * 301
146 Chuck Klein * 300
147 Tim Salmon 299
148 Rickey Henderson * 297
149 Magglio Ordóñez 294
Robin Ventura 294
Rank
Player (2018 HRs)
HR
151 Kent Hrbek 293
152 Pat Burrell 292
Rusty Staub 292
154 Craig Biggio * 291
Jimmy Wynn 291
156 Bobby Abreu 288
Del Ennis 288
Bob Johnson 288
Hank Sauer 288
160 Garret Anderson 287
Bobby Bonilla 287
Brian Giles 287
Mark Reynolds (6) 287
Bernie Williams 287
165 Carlos Peña 286
Frank Thomas 286
167 Will Clark 284
Eric Karros 284
169 Ken Boyer 282
Eric Davis 282
Ryne Sandberg * 282
172 Paul O'Neill 281
173 Jay Bruce (3) 280
174 Ted Kluszewski 279
175 Mike Cameron 278
Ryan Klesko 278
Giancarlo Stanton (11) 278
178 Rudy York 277
179 Brian Downing 275
Roger Maris 275
Dean Palmer 275
Jorge Posada 275
183 Dante Bichette 274
184 Steve Garvey 272
185 Tom Brunansky 271
Chris Davis (4) 271
Raúl Mondesí 271
George Scott 271
189 Vernon Wells 270
190 Evan Longoria (8) 269
Hanley Ramírez (6) 269
192 Joe Morgan * 268
Brooks Robinson * 268
Gorman Thomas 268
195 George Hendrick 267
Brian McCann (4) 267
Mike Napoli (0) 267
Justin Upton (11) 267
199 Vic Wertz 266
200 George Bell 265
Matt Kemp (6) 265
Matt Stairs 265
203 Bobby Thomson 264
Joey Votto (6) 263
205 Danny Tartabull 262
206 Eric Chavez 260
Derek Jeter 260
Adam Jones (9) 260
Javy López 260
Tim Wallach 260
211 Chase Utley (1) 259
212 Bob Allison 256
Larry Parrish 256
Vada Pinson 256
Ryan Zimmerman (5) 256
216 Kirk Gibson 255
Adam LaRoche 255
John Mayberry 255
John Olerud 255
220 Larry Doby * 253
Joe Gordon * 253
Andre Thornton 253
Todd Zeile 253
224 Bret Boone 252
Bobby Murcer 252
Rank
Player (2018 HRs)
HR
Joe Torre * 252
226 Tony Armas 251
Tony Clark 251
Cy Williams 251
Robin Yount * 251
231 José Valentín 249
232 Goose Goslin * 248
Ted Simmons 248
234 Justin Morneau 247
Vern Stephens 247
236 Ken Singleton 246
237 Deron Johnson 245
Nick Swisher 245
Mickey Tettleton 245
239 Lou Whitaker 244
Hack Wilson * 244
242 Dusty Baker 242
Sal Bando 242
Wally Berger 242
Roy Campanella * 242
J. D. Drew 242
Aubrey Huff 242
David Wright 242
249 Jesse Barfield 241
Cecil Cooper 241
Víctor Martínez (4) 241
Rick Monday 241
253 Jeff Burroughs 240
Roberto Clemente * 240
255 Dolph Camilli 239
Ken Caminiti 239
257 Earl Averill * 238
Ray Lankford 238
259 Doug DeCinces 237
Ian Kinsler (3) 237
Gus Zernial 237
262 Gabby Hartnett * 236
263 Johnny Damon 235
Bill Nicholson 235
Ben Oglivie 235
Dan Uggla 235
267 Gary Matthews 234
Kevin Mitchell 234
Paul Molitor * 234
270 Cliff Floyd 233
271 Jimmy Rollins 231
272 Rob Deer 230
273 Nomar Garciaparra 229
Jayson Werth (0) 229
275 Howard Johnson 228
Dick Stuart 228
Hal Trosky 228
278 Marquis Grissom 227
279 Johnny Callison 226
280 Bobby Grich 224
Troy Tulowitzki (0) 224
282 Bobby Doerr * 223
Travis Fryman 223
Mike Lowell 223
285 Jason Bay 222
Don Mattingly 222
287 Tony Batista 221
Geoff Jenkins 221
289 Carlos González (5) 220
Tony Oliva 220
Hunter Pence (0) 220
292 Jim Bottomley * 219
Al Oliver 219
Joe Pepitone 219
Mike Trout (18) 219
296 Bob Horner 218
297 Benito Santiago 217
298 Ron Fairly 215
Pedro Guerrero 215
Chet Lemon 215
Mike Sweeney 215
See also[edit]
Baseball portal
500 home run club
List of Major League Baseball progressive career home runs leaders
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ A player is considered inactive if he has announced his retirement or has not played for a full season.
References[edit]
MLB Official Career Home Run List
Active Leaders & Records for Home Runs
[show]
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