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History of New Jersey
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History of
New Jersey
Colonial period
American Revolution
Nineteenth century
Twentieth century
Twenty-first century
Timeline of New Jersey
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The story of the area of present-day New Jersey begins at the end of the Younger Dryas, about 15,000 years ago. Native Americans moved into New Jersey soon after the reversal of the Younger Dryas; before then an ice sheet hundreds of feet thick had made the area of northern New Jersey uninhabitable.
European contact began with the exploration of the Jersey Shore by Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524. At the time of European contact, many tribes of the Lenape lived in the area.
In the 17th century the New Jersey region came under the control of the Swedes and the Dutch, resulting in a struggle in which the Dutch proved victorious (1655). However, the English seized the Dutch colony of New Netherland in 1664. New Jersey became one of the Thirteen Colonies which broke away from Britain in the American Revolution, adopting the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Becoming a state upon the formation of the United States, New Jersey saw significant action during the American Revolutionary War. New Jersey's delegates signed the Articles of Confederation in 1779 and Princeton acted as the nation's capital for four months in 1783.
In 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the United States Constitution.[1]
In the 19th century, New Jersey cities led the United States into the Industrial Revolution and provided soldiers for many of the wars the United States fought, including 88,000 men for the American Civil War. The state became a component of the Underground Railroad. The state's transportation system continued to improve with the construction of canals and more rail lines that helped industrialization develop further. During the early 20th century New Jersey prospered, but the economy weakened in the Great Depression of the 1930s. During World War II (1939-1945) and the Cold War (c. 1947-1991), New Jersey's shipyards and military bases played an important role in the defense of the United States.[citation needed] In the 1960s New Jersey became the site of several race riots and of the Glassboro Summit Conference (1967), between American President Lyndon B. Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin.
Contents
[hide]
1 Paleo Indians and Native Americans
2 European exploration
3 Colonial history
3.1 New Netherland
3.2 New Sweden
3.3 Province
4 American Revolution
5 Nineteenth century
5.1 Industrial Revolution
5.2 War and slavery
6 Twentieth century
6.1 Early 1900s and World War I
6.2 Roaring Twenties
6.3 Great Depression era
6.4 World War II And The 1940s
6.5 Late twentieth century
7 Twenty-first century
7.1 Terrorist attacks
7.2 2004–05 gubernatorial vacancy and subsequent events
8 See also
9 Notes and references
10 Further reading
10.1 Surveys
10.2 Economic and social history
10.3 Politics
10.4 Primaru sources
11 External links
Paleo Indians and Native Americans[edit]
New Jersey was first settled by Paleo-Indians after the Wisconsin Glacier melted around 13,000 B.C. The Zierdt site in Montague, Sussex County and the Plenge site along the Musconetcong River In Franklin Township, Warren County as well as the Dutchess Cave in Orange County, New York are camp sites of Paleo-Indians. Paleo Indians were hunter-gatherers. They hunted game and gathered plants for eating. They moved as soon as game or plants became scarce.
The Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures refers to the time period from roughly 1000 BCE to 1,000 CE in the eastern part of North America. The Hopewell tradition is the term for the common aspects of the Native American culture that flourished along rivers in the northeastern United States from 200 BCE to 500 CE.[2]
Later other Native Americans settled in New Jersey. Around the year 1000, Native American group known as the Lenape, later called Delaware Indians settled in New Jersey. They came from the Mississippi valley. The Lenape were loosely organized groups who migrated seasonally in the beginning. With the advent of the bow and arrow and pottery around the year 500 A.D., extended family groups began to stay in areas longer. They practiced small-scale agriculture (companion planting), such as growing corn and pole beans together and squash. They were hunting and gathering, hunting with bow and arrow, using deadfall traps, and snares. They also gathered nuts in the autumn such as acorns, hickory nuts, walnuts, butternuts, beech nuts and chestnuts. The Native Americans and Paleo Indians fished in all rivers and streams using nets and fish hooks and by hand. They also fished in the region surrounding the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. Their Algonquian language lends itself to many place names throughout the state.[3]
European exploration[edit]
In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazzano, sailing in the service of France, explored the Jersey Coast[4] including Sandy Hook and The Narrows, now the site of the bridge which bears his name. In 1609, Sir Henry Hudson sailing for the Dutch East India Company,[5] explored the East Coast including the Delaware, Raritan, Newark, New York bays and the Hudson Valley. During the next four years, on somewhat secretive missions, Adriaen Block explored and mapped the coast along Delaware, New Jersey, Long Island, and New England, naming it for the first time New Netherlands.
Colonial history[edit]
Main article: Colonial history of New Jersey
New Netherland[edit]
Main article: Bergen, New Netherland
A modern map which approximates the relative size and location of the settled areas of New Netherland and New Sweden, which was never officially recognized by the Dutch Republic
Between 1611 and 1614, three Dutchmen, A. Block, H. Christiaensen and C. Mey surveyed land between the 40th and 45th parallels along the Atlantic coast and named the area they surveyed New Netherlands.
Initially, small out-posts were built for the fur trade. In May 1624, from a ship under the command of Cornelius Jacobsen Mey (after whom Cape May is named) thirty families were required to spread themselves throughout the region including Fort Wilhelmus. The last was on the east bank of the Delaware River,[6] the site of the first European settlement in what would become New Jersey. Later another was built at Fort Nassau.
The next European settlement was on the banks of the Upper New York Bay across the Hudson[7] from Fort Amsterdam (in Manhattan) in 1630. Located at Paulus Hook it was part of the patroonship Pavonia, named (in Latinized form) for Micheal Pauw[8] who had bought the tract from the Lenape. At the time it was the territory of the Unami, or Turtle Clan. The settlement grew slowly, impeded by mismanagement of the Dutch West India Company and conflicts with the indigenous population known as Kieft's War and The Peach Tree War. In 1658, Director-General of New Netherland Peter Stuyvesant "re-purchased" the entire peninsula known as Bergen Neck, and in 1661 granted a charter to the village at Bergen, establishing the oldest municipality in the state. The British take-over in 1664 was formalized in 1674, ending the province of the New Netherland, though the North Jersey would retain a "Dutch" character for many years to come.[9]
New Sweden[edit]
Main article: New Sweden
Part of southwestern New Jersey was settled by the Swedes by the mid-17th century.[10] New Sweden, founded in 1638, rose to its height under governor Johan Björnsson Printz (1643–53). Led by Printz, the settlement extended north from Fort Christina on both sides of the Delaware River. Printz helped to improve the military and commercial status of the colony by constructing Fort Nya Elfsborg, near present-day Salem on the east side of the Delaware River. This action prevented the river from being easily taken by the English and Dutch, who were also trying to expand into the New World. The Swedish and Finnish colonists generally lived in peace with their Dutch and Lenape neighbors.[11] C. A. Nothnagle Log House and Schorn Log Cabin are remainders of this early influence. (New Sweden's colonial population may have peaked at 368 people in 1654, after being boosted by more than 250 people along with new governor Johan Rising. This was not enough to stave off 317 Dutch soldiers the next year, however.[12] At least one online source[13] asserts that some 600 colonists settled in New Sweden; it is unclear from that source how many were in New Sweden at any one point in time.)
Province[edit]
Main article: Province of New Jersey
See also: Province of New York and Dominion of New England
From the colony of New Netherland, the Dutch interfered with Britain's transatlantic trade with its North American colonies. Insisting that John Cabot had been the first to discover North America, the British granted the land that now encompasses New Jersey to the Duke of York (later James II & VII), who ordered Colonel Richard Nicolls to take over the area. In September 1664, a British fleet under Nicolls' command sailed into what is now New York Harbor and seized the colony. The British encountered little resistance, perhaps due to the unpopularity of the Dutch governor, Peter Stuyvesant.[14] After capturing the colony, Nicolls became deputy-governor of New Amsterdam and the rest of New Netherland, and guaranteed colonists' property rights, laws of inheritance, and the enjoyment of religious freedom. New Netherland west of the Hudson River was renamed New Jersey after the English Channel Island of Jersey which Charles II of England, after having seen their loyalty to the crown, gave to the people of Jersey as a gift having given him hospitality in the castle of Mont Orgueil before he was proclaimed king in 1649. The city of New Amsterdam was renamed New York (after the Duke of York).
The original provinces of West and East New Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. The Keith Line is shown in red, and the Coxe and Barclay Line is shown in orange.
Charles II gave the region between New England and Maryland to his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II & VII), as a proprietary colony. Later James granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River that would become New Jersey to two friends who had been loyal to him through the English Civil War: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. The two proprietors of New Jersey tried to entice more settlers to New Jersey by granting land to settlers and by passing Concession and Agreement, a document granting religious freedom to all inhabitants of New Jersey; the British Church of England allowed no such religious freedom. In return for land, settlers paid annual fees known as quitrents. The proprietors appointed Philip Carteret as the first governor of New Jersey, who designated Elizabethtown as the colony's capital.[15] However, the two proprietors found collecting the quitrents difficult, and on March 18, 1674 Berkeley sold his share of New Jersey to the Quakers.[16][17]
This sale divided the province into East Jersey and West Jersey. The exact line between West and East Jersey generally corresponded to the Keith Line between present day South and North Jersey and was created by George Keith. However, the line was constantly the subject of disputes. With the 1676 Quintipartite Deed more accurate surveys and maps were made resulting in the Thornton Line, drawn around 1696, and the Lawrence Line, drawn around 1743, which was adopted as the final line for legal purposes.
Many of the colonists of New Jersey became farmers. However, despite the fertility of the soil, farmers were forced to struggle due to the dearth of English money. Some owned slaves or had indentured servants work for them. The majority of the colonists lived in simple log cabins, coming from the original Dutch settlers. Since New Jersey was ideally located next to the Atlantic Ocean, colonists farmed, fished, and traded by sea. Transportation was slow and difficult usually on either foot or horseback. Education came through small religious schools, private academies, or tutors.
On April 15, 1702, under the reign of Queen Anne, West and East Jersey were reunited as a royal colony. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in 1708 he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, who accused those governors of favoritism to New York. Judge Lewis Morris led the case for a separate governor, and was appointed governor by King George II in 1738.[18] From 1701 to 1765, New Jersey's state line with New York was in dispute, resulting in a series of skirmishes and raids.
In 1746 the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) was founded in Elizabethtown by a group of Great Awakening "New Lighters" that included Jonathan Dickinson, Aaron Burr, Sr. and Peter Van Brugh Livingston. In 1756 the school moved to Princeton.
American Revolution[edit]
Main article: New Jersey during the American Revolution
New Jersey was one of the original thirteen colonies that joined in the struggle for independence from Great Britain. Many of the New Jersey settlers still felt ties of loyalty to the British crown, and many slaves sided with the British in exchange for freedom.[19] The loyalists included the governor of New Jersey, William Franklin.
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New Jersey Constitution of 1776
On July 2, 1776, the first Constitution of New Jersey was drafted, creating a basic framework for the state government. The New Jersey Constitution of 1776 allowed "all inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money" to vote, including non-whites and widows; married women could not own property under the common law. The Constitution declared itself temporary and to be void if there was reconciliation with Great Britain.[20] Both political parties in elections mocked the other for relying on "petticoat electors" for allowing women to vote. The right to vote was restricted to white males in 1807. Only two days after the new constitution was enacted, on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was endorsed by five representatives from New Jersey.
New Jersey is referred to as the "Crossroads of the Revolution" because the British and Continental armies fought several crucial battles there.[21] Throughout the war hundreds of engagements occurred in New Jersey, more than in any other colony. Five major battles were fought at Trenton, Princeton, Monmouth, Union and Springfield. The Battles of Trenton and Princeton are collectively referred to as the Ten Crucial Days because these desperately needed victories bolstered the morale of the nation.
Washington Crossing the Delaware
On the night of December 25–26, 1776, the Continental Army, commanded by General George Washington, made the famous crossing of the Delaware River. The scene was immortalized in Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze's painting Washington Crossing the Delaware,[22] and displayed on the New Jersey State Quarter. In the Battle of Trenton which followed the crossing, the American soldiers surprised the Hessians, capturing nearly 900 prisoners in 90 minutes and taking supplies that had been for the British army. After the victory, George Washington led the army back across the Delaware River into Pennsylvania.
A few days later, British General Charles Cornwallis hoped to engage Washington's army at Trenton after Washington recrossed the Delaware River, resulting in the Second Battle of Trenton. After recapturing Trenton, he ordered charges on fortified defenses at Assunpink Creek. The Americans inflicted heavy casualties on the British from their defenses. Later, the Continental army slipped past Cornwallis's stalled army and launched an attack on British soldiers stationed at Princeton in the Battle of Princeton on January 3, 1777. The British at Princeton were forced to surrender. Cornwallis immediately ordered his army to engage the Americans at Princeton, but was prevented by snipers. These victories forced the British to leave New Jersey.
Molly Pitcher taking over her husband's position at a cannon
On June 28, 1778, the Continental Army under George Washington met a British column under Sir Henry Clinton at the Battle of Monmouth. Washington hoped to surprise and overwhelm the rear of the British army. General Charles Lee led the American attack on the British rear but retreated prematurely when the British attempted to flank the Americans. The retreat nearly led to disorder, but Washington managed to rally the troops to withstand two British counter-attacks, both of which failed. As temperatures increased to over 100 °F (38 °C), many soldiers fell to sunstroke. After the battle, Charles Lee was court-martialed for his poor command. Over 1,000 British casualties were incurred while the Americans lost 452 men. It was during this battle that the legendary "Molly Pitcher" is said to have fought.[23]
The last major battle to take place in New Jersey during the Revolutionary War (and for the rest of the history of New Jersey) was the Battle of Springfield. Baron von Knyphausen, the Hessian general, hoped to invade New Jersey and expected support from colonists of New Jersey who were tired of the war. He hoped to secure Hobart Gap, from which he could attack the American headquarters in Morristown. On June 23, 1780, the British attacked soldiers under the command of Nathanael Greene. General Greene successfully stopped a two-pronged attack from entrenchments held across the Raritan River, preventing the British invasion.
New Jersey ratified and then signed the Articles of Confederation on November 26, 1779. In the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall of Princeton University. It had originally convened in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, but mutinous troops prevented the meeting from taking place. Princeton became the temporary capital for the nation for four months. During the brief stay in Princeton, the Continental Congress was informed of the end of the war by the signing of the Treaty of Paris on September 3, 1783. On December 18, 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the United States Constitution, and on November 20, 1789, New Jersey became the first state in the Nation to ratify the United States Bill of Rights.
New Jersey played a major role in creating the structure of the new United States Government. When Virginia delegates proposed a plan calling for representation based on the population of each state, the smaller states refused, fearing that with such a plan they would no longer have a say in government affairs. William Paterson, a New Jersey statesman, introduced the New Jersey Plan, by which one vote would be given to each state, providing equal representation within the legislative body. The Great Compromise accepted both plans, creating two separate bodies in the Congress.
Nineteenth century[edit]
Main article: New Jersey in the 19th century
Industrial Revolution[edit]
The economy of New Jersey was largely based on agriculture, but crop failures and poor soil plagued the settlers of New Jersey. However, New Jersey eventually funded publications in the early 1850s of accurate agriculture-related surveys through the effort of George Hammell Cook. The publication of this survey helped to increase the state's involvement in agricultural research and direct support to farmers.[24] As agriculture became a less reliable source of income for New Jerseyans, many began turning towards more industrialized methods.
The Great Falls of the Passaic River
Paterson became the cradle of the Industrial Revolution in America. Energy was harnessed from the 77 feet (23 m) high Great Falls of the Passaic River. The city became an important site for mills and other industries. These include the textile, firearms, silk, and railroad locomotive manufacturing industries. Because of its high silk production, it became nicknamed the "Silk City". In 1835, Samuel Colt began producing firearms in the city.
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New Jersey Constitution of 1844
The second version of the New Jersey State Constitution was written in 1844. The constitution provided suffrage only to white males, removing it from all women and from people of other races. Suffrage had been awarded to those groups under the original New Jersey State Constitution of 1776. Some important components of the second State Constitution include the separation of the powers of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The new constitution also provided a bill of rights. Underneath the constitution, the people had the right to elect the governor.
The famous inventor Thomas Edison was born in 1847. Edison worked in Menlo Park, and was known as "the Wizard of Menlo Park" for his many inventions; over the course of his life, he was granted 1,093 patents.[25] His most famous inventions included the phonograph, the kinetoscope, the stock ticker, the Dictaphone and the tattoo gun. He also is credited with improving the designs of the incandescent light bulb, radio, the telegraph, and the telephone. He started the Motion Picture Patents Company. One of his famous sayings was, "Genius is one percent inspiration and 99% perspiration", as his efforts consisted of research and testing.
The agricultural products from New Jersey usually were transported to larger markets in New York City and Philadelphia, requiring better transportation. The first ocean-going steamboat went from Hoboken, New Jersey, sailed around southern New Jersey, and ended in Philadelphia. Later, systems of canals were built, the first of which is called the Morris Canal and ran from Phillipsburg, New Jersey, on the Delaware River to Jersey City, New Jersey, on the Hudson River. The Delaware and Raritan canal ran from New Brunswick, New Jersey, on the Raritan River, to Bordentown, New Jersey, on the Delaware River. Locomotion was also improved; Hoboken-born inventor John Stevens built a 10-ton locomotive and his son Robert L. Stevens started constructing iron railroads. By 1833, The Camden & Amboy Railroad had been completed, allowing a 7-hour passage between Philadelphia and New York City. Through the 1800s, over a dozen companies were operating railroad lines.
War and slavery[edit]
During the Mexican–American War, a battalion of volunteers from New Jersey, in four companies, was active from September 1847 to July 1848. Philip Kearny, an officer who led a cavalry unit, followed General Winfield Scott and fought in the Battle of Contreras and Battle of Churubusco. After the war, Kearny made his home in the state of New Jersey.
George B. McClellan
The Quaker population was especially intolerant of slavery, and the state was a major part of the Underground Railroad. The New Jersey legislature passed an act for the gradual abolition of slavery in 1804, providing that no person born after that date would be a slave. It was not until 1830 that most blacks were free in the state. New Jersey was the last northern state to abolish slavery completely, and by the close of the Civil War, about a dozen African-Americans in New Jersey were still apprenticed freedmen. The 1860 Census found just over 25,000 free African Americans in the state.[26] Thousands of former slaves—both from rural New Jersey and the South—migrated to shore communities like Red Bank, Long Branch, and Asbury Park during the last decades of the nineteenth century, creating sizable, stable communities that persisted over the next century.[27] New Jersey at first refused to ratify the Constitutional Amendment banning slavery. Although no Civil War battles were fought within New Jersey, the state sent over 88,000 soldiers as part of some 31 infantry and cavalry regiments, and over 6,000 died in the war. 23,116 of those soldiers served in the Army of the Potomac. Soldiers from New Jersey fought generally in the War's Eastern theater.[28] Philip Kearny, an officer from the Mexican–American War, led a brigade of New Jersey regiments under Brigadier General William B. Franklin. Kearny distinguished himself as a brilliant officer during the Peninsula Campaign, and was promoted to the position of major general.
New Jersey was one of the few states to favor Stephen Douglas over Abraham Lincoln in the Presidential Election of 1860. The people of New Jersey also cast their electoral votes for George B. McClellan when he ran for President against Abraham Lincoln in the election of 1864. The people had the distinction of being the only free state that rejected Lincoln twice. McClellan was later elected governor, serving from 1878 to 1881.
Many industrial cities like Paterson and Camden grew strong through Civil War production. They manufactured many necessities, including clothing and war materials like ammunition. These cities prospered through heavy production even after the end of the war.[29]
Twentieth century[edit]
Main article: New Jersey in the 20th century
Early 1900s and World War I[edit]
The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey was a large integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing organization, founded by Henry H. Rogers, William Rockefeller, and John D. Rockefeller. In 1911, the United States Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, viewing it as violating the Sherman Antitrust Act. Standard Oil had controlled nearly 90% of refined oil flows into the United States, having a near complete monopoly upon it. Standard Oil Company was split into 34 smaller companies as a result of the dissolution.
Michael Schleisser and the "Jersey man-eater" as seen in the Bronx Home News
Between July 1 and July 12, 1916 a series of shark attacks occurred along the Jersey Shore in which four swimmers were killed and another severely injured. The incidents occurred during a deadly heat wave and polio epidemic in the Northeastern United States that drove thousands of people to the seaside resorts of the Jersey Shore. Scientists since then have debated which shark species was responsible, with the Great White Shark as the most cited.
New Jersey was a center of shipbuilding and manufacturing during World War I. Existing factories such as the Singer Company in Elizabeth, New Jersey were converted to making weapon parts. New refineries and ammunition factories were built by companies like DuPont Engineering. After the war, many of these companies and plants shifted to chemicals, making New Jersey one of the world's leading chemical producers. Several Allied ships were sunk off the New Jersey coast.
Camp Merritt, in Cresskill, was activated for use in World War I. It was from there that many soldiers were deployed to Hoboken before shipping off to Europe. Camp Merritt was decommissioned in November 1919.[30] Fort Dix, in Pemberton Township, New Jersey, was also constructed in 1917 to help in the war effort.[31] It was used as a training and staging ground throughout the war. After the war, it was converted into a demobilization center.
Roaring Twenties[edit]
Like much of the rest of the United States, New Jersey entered a prosperous state through the 1920s. Through this period, New Jersey's population and employment rate increased greatly. Though factory production decreased after the end of World War I, production lines still churned out goods.
Transportation became much easier through the 1920s. Cars became easily affordable and roads were paved and improved such that they incorporated new road features, including jughandle turns. As a result, people who had never been farther than the outskirts of their hometown now could travel around the state. The Jersey Shore became extremely popular as an attraction. Many bridges and tunnels were built for the ease of interstate traveling. The Benjamin Franklin Bridge was completed linking Camden and Philadelphia in 1926. The Holland Tunnel, under the Hudson River, was completed in 1927, providing a means of easy transportation between New Jersey and New York City. Before, ferries were required to travel across the Hudson River. Later on, the George Washington Bridge (1931) and the Lincoln Tunnel (1937) were completed, making access to Manhattan even easier.[32] All of the tunnels and bridges linking New York and New Jersey are managed by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, established on April 30, 1921.
New Jersey was the first state to ratify Prohibition, which restricted the purchasing and selling of alcohol. However, the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which banned alcohol manufacturing & sales, was later repealed by the Twenty-first Amendment in December 1933. Newark's breweries reopened almost immediately.
Great Depression era[edit]
Like the rest of the United States, the people of New Jersey were hit hard by the Great Depression. By 1933, one-tenth of the population was dependent upon Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. In fact, New Jersey issued begging licenses to the poor people because the New Jersey government funds were being exhausted.[33] Under the Works Progress Administration, part of the Second New Deal by FDR, many new jobs were provided in order to support the poor, including the expansion of Fort Dix, Roosevelt Park in Edison, and Rutgers Stadium in Piscataway. Strikes also grew common during the Great Depression; in 1937 a group of gravediggers from New Jersey went on strike.
In 1938, Orson Welles produced The War of the Worlds radio broadcast. Listeners were told that a "huge, flaming object ... fell on a farm in the neighborhood of Grover's Mill ... twenty-two miles from Trenton."[34] It described extraterrestrial monsters that were causing much destruction. Although it was announced in advance that it was a radio play, the broadcast resulted in widespread panic into New Jersey and the surrounding areas. Many people had believed the bulletin to be real, causing them to flee the New Jersey area or to blockade their homes to ensure safety from the reported monsters. CBS was criticized for allowing fictitious bulletins to gain attention of listeners. Welles and the other broadcasters were not punished by law, but were held under a brief informal "house arrest" for a short period.
During the Great Depression, 20-month-old Charles Augustus Lindbergh, Jr., son of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, was abducted from his home near Hopewell, New Jersey in the Lindbergh kidnapping. The police sealed off many roads to prevent the kidnapper's escape, and interrogated the members of the Lindbergh household. Federal expert Arthur Koehler carefully examined the ladder used by the kidnapper, which he traced to a company in McCormick, South Carolina. James J. Finn was a lieutenant who attempted to capture the kidnapper while he was passing off ransom bills. Finally, a ransom note was located and traced to Bruno Hauptmann; the bill had the license plate number of Hauptmann's Dodge Saloon that was written down by a gas attendant. He was tried in Flemington, New Jersey in what was known as the "Trial of the Century", and was convicted. He was electrocuted in the New Jersey State Prison in Trenton, New Jersey.[35] The Lindbergh kidnapping led to passage of the Federal Kidnapping Act, also known as the "Lindbergh Law", which made kidnapping a federal crime.
The Hindenburg just moments after catching fire.
In 1937, the German zeppelin Hindenburg exploded over Lakehurst Naval Air Station in Manchester. While approaching a mooring mast at Lakehurst, the zeppelin suddenly caught fire, and within 34 seconds the entire hydrogen-filled zeppelin was engulfed in flames; 36 people died in the disaster, most of them leaping from the burning ship. Contrary to popular belief, the Hindenburg had flown an entire year of successful voyages before it caught on fire. Questions and controversy surround the accident to this day: theories for the sudden burst of flames include sabotage against the German Nazis, static build-up, and flammable fabric.
World War II And The 1940s[edit]
A fleet of naval forces being constructed in the Camden shipyards
New Jersey shipyards were responsible for the construction of many naval ships in World War II, including battleships, aircraft carriers, heavy cruisers and destroyers, receiving 9% of all allied war-related contracts through the war.[36] Nearly 500,000 residents enlisted for the war,[37] more than 10% of the total population of New Jersey. Many women took jobs in factories during their husbands' absences.
Camp Kilmer was a staging area near New Brunswick that served the port of New York. Its buildings were painted with protective camouflage patterns. Camp Kilmer helped to serve troops by offering medical care and providing supplies. Camp Kilmer was later reactivated for the Korean War and the 1956 Hungarian Revolution. Fort Dix was reopened for the training of soldiers for the war effort. During the war, Naval Weapons Station Earle in Monmouth County was opened for naval production and provided ships with a safe port to take on ammunition.
Millville Airport opened on August 2, 1941. It was called "America's First Defense Airport" because it was opened as a gunnery training area for fighter pilots. Over 1,500 pilots were trained for advanced aircraft fighting at this airport.[38] Fort Hancock was also opened in Sandy Hook. Gunners in the fort prevented German submarines from entering New York Harbor. The airfield, currently known as McGuire Air Force Base, was opened in 1937 as Rudd Field, a supporting Army airfield for Fort Dix. It was expanded during wartime operations and turned over to the Air Force in 1949.[39]
One of the most dramatic war events in the Northeast occurred in 1945, when US forces hit and sank a German U-boat (U-869) off the coast of New Jersey. The Coast Guard station at what is now Sandy Hook Gateway Park was manned for the duration of the war to protect New York harbor.
An internment camp housing people of Japanese, German, and Italian descent was located in Gloucester City. In addition, Seabrook Farms took advantage of Japanese-American labor to increase productivity when the government allowed small groups of people from the internment camps to work there. At the end of World War II, the government closed down the internment camps, but many people from the camps continued to work at Seabrook Farms.[40]
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New Jersey Constitution of 1947
In 1947, the current New Jersey State Constitution was ratified, reorganizing the state government. Governors were allowed to serve four years instead of three, and the Legislature was constituted with a 40-member Senate and an 80-member General Assembly. The new State Constitution also returned the right of suffrage to females and non-whites.
Late twentieth century[edit]
In the 1950s, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey planned and built the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in the cities of Newark and Elizabeth. This was the first port in the world to containerize due to the innovation of Malcolm McLean and the founding of the Sea-Land Corporation. The newly opened port quickly made the docks of Brooklyn, Lower Manhattan and Hoboken obsolete. In 1985, the port was the busiest in the world. (See Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal).
During the 1960s, many African Americans felt disenfranchised, feelings exacerbated by poor urban conditions, declining industrial jobs, and biased police forces with little minority representation. This tension led to race riots, the first of which occurred in Jersey City on August 2, 1964, causing heavy damage. Seventy-one stores were damaged and 46 people were injured. From August 11 to August 13, 1964, similar riots occurred in Paterson and Elizabeth. In the Paterson riot, twenty stores and other buildings were damaged, and eight people were injured. In the Elizabeth riot, six people were injured and seventeen stores were damaged. In the aftermath of these riots, 135 people were arrested.[41][42]
In the summer of 1967, urban residents, primarily African Americans, rioted for five days in Newark and the neighboring city of Plainfield. Twenty-four people died in the riots, and nearly 1,600 were arrested. The riots are often cited as a major factor in the decline of Newark and its neighboring communities. Residents who could leave, fled to the suburbs following the riots.
Lyndon Johnson meets Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro
In the middle of the Cold War from June 23 to June 25, 1967, president Lyndon Johnson met with Soviet premier Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey, for the Glassboro Summit Conference.[43] at the Glassboro State College. No specific agreements were reached, especially in the area of restrictions on anti-ballistic missile systems. However, the meeting helped improve the strained relationships between the Soviet Union and the US.
Because of its strategic location on the East Coast, New Jersey played an important role in the United States' Cold War defense. Fourteen Nike anti-aircraft missile batteries in two groups were constructed in New Jersey to protect the metropolitan areas around Philadelphia and New York City. In addition, a regional command center was built in New Jersey. By 1974, the missile sites were deactivated. In addition to these, air defense radar sites, bases for interceptor aircraft, anti-aircraft gun batteries, surface-to-air missile sites, and command and control facilities were constructed to defend against an attack by long range, nuclear-armed aircraft of the Soviet Air Force.[44]
In 1973, the New Jersey Supreme Court ordered the legislature to pass a statute funding schools more equitably for impoverished areas. The legislature did this in 1975 but failed to fund it. The Court thereupon shut down all public schools for eight days in 1976, until the legislature passed an income tax bill. Prior to this bill, the state had no income tax.[45]
In 1998, the south side of Ellis Island came under the jurisdiction of New Jersey following a US Supreme Court decision, New Jersey v. New York.[46] Before, the island had been governed by the state of New York. However, after the court decision, disagreements between New Jersey and New York led to the sharing of jurisdiction over the island by the two states.[citation needed]
Twenty-first century[edit]
Main article: New Jersey in the 21st century
Terrorist attacks[edit]
A letter sent to Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle containing anthrax powder caused the deaths of two postal workers.
See: Anthrax attacks in New Jersey
In the September 11, 2001, attacks, hijackers took control of four domestic U.S. commercial airliners, including United Airlines Flight 93 which departed from Newark International Airport. The attacks caused 2,986 deaths, including about 700 residents of New Jersey.[47] Over 160,000 people were evacuated by ferries and small boats from the Manhattan area to New Jersey because the NYCS and PATH stations were closed down.[48]
The destruction of Lower Manhattan office space accelerated the pre-2001 trend of moving jobs from Lower Manhattan to Midtown and New Jersey. The Goldman Sachs Tower was constructed in Jersey City as part of this relocation. Towns in New Jersey, such as Middletown which had many residents die in the attacks, suffered from the losses.[49]
For several weeks beginning on September 18, 2001, letters bearing a Trenton, New Jersey postmark and containing anthrax bacteria were mailed to several news media offices and two US Senators. The letters were ultimately determined to have been mailed there by a Maryland-based scientist.
2004–05 gubernatorial vacancy and subsequent events[edit]
See also: Politics of New Jersey
Former Governor James E. McGreevey resigned on November 15, 2004 after charges of pay-to-play and extortion scandals involving the impropriety of the appointment of an unqualified long rumored homosexual love interest. New Jersey had no Lieutenant Governor position at the time, leaving a vacancy in the office. Senate President Richard Codey served as Acting Governor (then Governor) in McGreevey's place. Jon Corzine was elected Governor of New Jersey on November 8, 2005, and took office on January 17, 2006. On Election Day, November 8, 2005, the voters passed an amendment to the state constitution creating the position of Lieutenant Governor, effective with the 2009 elections. This position was first filled by the election of Kim Guadagno who assumed office in 2009.
See also[edit]
Main article: Historical outline of New Jersey
History of the mid-Atlantic states
New Jersey
Politics of New Jersey
Timeline of New Jersey[50]
Judicial:
New Jersey Supreme Court
Legislative:
New Jersey Senate
New Jersey General Assembly
New Jersey Provincial Congress
Executive:
List of Governors of New Jersey
List of colonial governors of New Jersey (1624–1776)
List of governors of New Jersey (1776–present)
Cities:
Timeline of Newark, New Jersey
Timeline of Jersey City, New Jersey
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ New Jersey became the third state to ratify the United States Constitution on December 18, 1787, with 38 delegates voting unanimously in favor of the Constitution. See Article Seven of the United States Constitution, which describes the process by which the Constitution was ratified by states, as well as statistics for ratification.
Jump up ^ "Hopewell". Ohio History Central.
Jump up ^ Doherty, Craig A. (2005). New Jersey. Infobase Publishing. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-8160-5408-4.
Jump up ^ "New Jersey Time line". 2003. Retrieved January 10, 2006.
Jump up ^ New Jersey History by Susan Ditmire, American Local History Network
Jump up ^ which was called the Zuid Rivier"
Jump up ^ which he called the "North River"
Jump up ^ Words That Make New Jersey History edited by Howard L Green, 1995 ISBN 0-8135-2113-0, p. 3
Jump up ^ Scheltema, Gajus and Westerhuijs, Heleen (eds.),Exploring Historic Dutch New York. Museum of the City of New York/Dover Publications, New York (2011). ISBN 978-0-486-48637-6
Jump up ^ "A Brief History of New Sweden in America". Archived from the original on December 11, 2005. Retrieved December 16, 2005.
Jump up ^ A History of New Sweden: or, the Settlements on the river Delaware (by Israel Acrelius. Philadelphia: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1874)
Jump up ^ https://www.libraries.psu.edu/psul/digital/pahistory/folder_1.html[permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ http://colonialswedes.net/History/History.html
Jump up ^ Stuyvesant's council took several measures restricting religion in New Netherland, heightening his unpopularity, and he was also known for being hot-tempered. He took advantage of military coercion in order to increase his own power, shown in an event with Van Slechtenhorst. Stuyvesant grew haughty in his treatment of his opponents and threatened to dissolve the council in response to an angry outbreak at a meeting of commissioners in September 1650. Peter Stuyvesant StanKlos.com (2001), retrieved December 15, 2005.
Jump up ^ Elizabeth, New Jersey was not named after Queen Elizabeth I, but rather after the wife of Sir George Carteret, and was founded in 1664.
Jump up ^ Streissguth, Thomas (2002). New Jersey. San Diego: Lucent Books, Inc. ISBN 1-56006-872-8. pg 24–28
Jump up ^ Surrender from the Proprietors of East and West New Jersey, of Their Pretended Right of Government to Her Majesty Archived 2005-12-08 at the Wayback Machine. by The Avalon Project at Yale Law School, retrieved December 15, 2005.
Jump up ^ Streissguth pg 30–36
Jump up ^ Streissguth pg 52–57
Jump up ^ Klinghoffer and Elkis. "The Petticoat Electors: Women's Suffrage in New Jersey, 1776–1807." Journal of the Early Republic, 12, no. 2 (1992): 159–193.
Jump up ^ Crossroads of the American Revolution by Heritage Trail Association, retrieved December 16, 2005.
Jump up ^ Leutze took some artistic license in his famous painting. Mostly likely, everybody (not just Washington) would have been standing up in the boat, which would have had higher sides. In addition, the flag displayed in the painting was designed in 1777, after George Washington's 1776 Delaware River crossing. For more details, see Washington Crossing the Delaware.
Jump up ^ "Molly Pitcher" has sometimes been regarded as a real person, although historians now often believe the story is a myth, although probably loosely based on the actions of real women. See Molly Pitcher.
Jump up ^ "Historical Overview- Where's the Garden?". Archived from the original on August 27, 2006. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ "The Wizard of Menlo Park". Archived from the original on December 12, 2005. Retrieved December 16, 2005.
Jump up ^ Historical Census Browser, 1860 US Census, University of Virginia Archived 2009-12-06 at the Wayback Machine., accessed 21 Mar 2008
Jump up ^ Greason, Walter (2013). Suburban Erasure: How the Suburbs Ended the Civil Rights Movement in New Jersey. Madison: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 978-1-61147-729-0. pg 15–17
Jump up ^ "New Jersey in the Civil War". Archived from the original on August 30, 2006. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Mark (2004). New Jersey: History. Chicago: Heinemann Library. ISBN 1-4034-0673-1. pg 26–29
Jump up ^ Camp Merritt by Kevin Wright, retrieved December 19, 2005.
Jump up ^ "Fort Dix". Retrieved December 19, 2005.
Jump up ^ Stewart pg 30–32
Jump up ^ Gerdes, Louise I. The 1930s, Greenhaven Press, Inc., 2000.
Jump up ^ Gerdes pg 210–218
Jump up ^ Gerdes pg 230–240
Jump up ^ "World War II Time Line: New Jersey and the World". Archived from the original on July 16, 2006. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ Stewart pg 30–37
Jump up ^ Millville Army Airfield, by JasperDyne Industries, retrieved December 26, 2005.
Jump up ^ "McGuire Air Force Base". GlobalSecurity.org. January 10, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Seabrook Museum". Archived from the original on December 21, 2005. Retrieved December 26, 2005.
Jump up ^ "Overview of Paterson Riots". Archived from the original on December 27, 2004. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
Jump up ^ "The Crisis- an Overview". Archived from the original on February 26, 2007. Retrieved January 9, 2006.
Jump up ^ Biography of Lyndon Johnson Archived 2005-04-21 at the Wayback Machine. (February 4, 2004), retrieved December 25, 2005.
Jump up ^ Donald E. Bender (1999). Nike Missile Sites in New Jersey. Retrieved December 17, 2005.
http://alpha.fdu.edu/~bender/NYmsg.html
Jump up ^ "Progress toward Equal Educational Opportunity for Urban Students in New Jersey". Education Law Center. 2009-12-29. Archived from the original on 2009-08-23.
Jump up ^ "THE ELLIS ISLAND VERDICT: THE RULING; High Court Gives New Jersey Most of Ellis Island". New York Times. Retrieved 2012-08-02.
Jump up ^ 9/11 Memorial Archived 2006-01-16 at the Wayback Machine., message from James E. McGreevey. Retrieved January 7, 2006.
Jump up ^ New York ferries Archived 2006-01-05 at the Wayback Machine., by Theodore W. Scull, retrieved January 7, 2006.
Jump up ^ A new life passage after 9/11 (November 10, 2002), by J. Daw, retrieved January 10, 2006.
Jump up ^ Federal Writers' Project (1946). "Chronology". New Jersey: a Guide to its Present and Past. American Guide Series. NY: Hastings House.
Further reading[edit]
Surveys[edit]
Federal Writers' Project, Works Progress Administration. New Jersey: A Guide to its Present and its Past (New York: Hastings House, 1939), famous guide to the state's cities, towns, economy and history
Federal Writers' Project, Works Progress Administration. Stories of New Jersey
Fleming, Thomas. New Jersey: A History (Norton, 1984), short popular overview
Lurie, Maxine N., and Richard Veit, eds. New Jersey: A History of the Garden State (Rutgers University Press, 2012) 319 pp.; university textbook
Economic and social history[edit]
Clemens, Paul G. E. The Uses of Abundance: A History of New Jersey's Economy (New Jersey Historical Commission, 1992)
Greason, Walter D. "Suburban Erasure: How the Suburbs Ended the Civil Rights Movement in New Jersey" (Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2013) 221 pp.
Purvis, Thomas L. "The European Origins of New Jersey's Eighteenth Century Population," New Jersey History 100 (Spring-Summer 1982): 15–31.
Vecoli, Rudolph J. The People of New Jersey (D. Van Nostrand, 1964)
Politics[edit]
Hirst, David. Woodrow Wilson, Reform Governor (Van Nostrand, 1965)
Levine, Peter. "State Legislative Parties in the Jacksonian Era: New Jersey 1829–1844," Journal of American History 62 (December 1975): 591–608.
McCormick, Richard P. A History of Voting in New Jersey (Rutgers University Press, 1953)
Noble, Ransom E. New Jersey Progressivism before Wilson (Princeton University Press, 1946)
Prince, Carl E. "Patronage and a Party Machine: New Jersey Democratic-Republican Activists, 1801–1816," William and Mary Quarterly (1964) 21#4 pp 571–578
Reynolds, John F. Testing Democracy: Electoral Behavior and Progressive Reform in New Jersey, 1880–1920 (University of North Carolina Press, 1988)
Primaru sources[edit]
Gerlach, Larry (editor) (2002). "New Jersey in the American Revolution, 1763-1783: A Documentary History" (PDF). New Jersey Historical Commission. Retrieved July 13, 2017. CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
External links[edit]
Listen to this article (2 parts) · (info)
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This audio file was created from a revision of the article "History of New Jersey" dated 2006-04-29, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)
More spoken articles
New Jersey History
List of Governors of New Jersey
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Documents Relating to the Colonial History of the State of New Jersey
NJ Chronology
Who Discovered New Jersey?
Boston Public Library, Map Center. Maps of New Jersey, various dates.
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text:
Murda Beatz
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Murda Beatz
Birth name
Shane Lee Lindstrom
Also known as
Young Murda
Murda
Born
(1994-02-11) February 11, 1994 (age 24)
Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada
Genres
Hip hop
trap
Occupation(s)
Record producer
songwriter
Years active
2011–present
Labels
Interscope
Associated acts
Migos
Pressa
Prime Boys
Travis Scott
Smokepurpp
Shane Lee Lindstrom (born February 11, 1994), known by the stage name Murda Beatz, is a Canadian hip hop producer and songwriter from Fort Erie, Ontario. He produced "No Shopping" by rapper French Montana and "Back on Road" by rapper Gucci Mane[1]; Murda has also produced several tracks for various artists such as Drake, Migos, 2 Chainz, French Montana and 6ix9ine among others.[2][3][4] As of 2017, Lindstrom plans to release his second mixtape, Keep God First 2.[5]
Contents
1 Discography
1.1 Mixtapes
2 Production discography
2.1 Singles produced
2.2 Other charted songs
3 Production credits
3.1 2014
3.2 2015
3.3 2016
3.4 2017
3.5 2018
4 Notes
5 References
Discography[edit]
Mixtapes[edit]
List of mixtapes, with selected details
Title
Album details
Keep God First
Released: December 10, 2016[6]
Label: Self-released
Formats: Digital download
Bless Yo Trap
(with Smokepurpp)
Released: April 13, 2018[7]
Label: Alamo, Interscope, Cactus Jack
Formats: Digital download
Keep God First 2[8]
Released: 2018[9]
Label: Self-released
Formats: Digital download
Production discography[edit]
Singles produced[edit]
List of singles as a record producer, with selected chart positions and certifications, showing year released, performing artists and album name
Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Certifications
Album
AUS
US
US
R&B
US
Rap
"Pipe It Up"
(Migos)
2015 — —[A] 38 —
Yung Rich Nation
"Back on Road"
(Gucci Mane and Drake)
2016 — 81 28 22
Everybody Looking
"No Shopping"
(French Montana featuring Drake)
— 36 12 8
RIAA: Platinum[11]
MC4
"Stutter"
(Gucci Mane)[12]
— — — —
The Return of East Atlanta Santa
"Drugs"
(August Alsina)[13][14]
2017 — — — —
Non-album single
"It's a Vibe"
(2 Chainz featuring Ty Dolla Sign, Trey Songz and Jhené Aiko)[15][16]
— 44 20 —
RIAA: 2X Platinum[17]
Pretty Girls Like Trap Music
"No Frauds"
(Nicki Minaj, Drake and Lil Wayne)[18][19]
58 14 8 —
Non-album singles
"Still Got Time"
(Zayn featuring PartyNextDoor)[20]
20 66 — —
ARIA: Platinum[21]
"Portland"
(Drake featuring Quavo and Travis Scott)
— 9 6 3
RIAA: 2X Platinum[22]
More Life
"Butterfly Effect"
(Travis Scott)[23][24]
46 50 17 12
RIAA: Platinum[25]
ARIA: Platinum[21]
Astroworld
"Get Mine"
(G-Eazy featuring Snoop Dogg)[26][27]
— — — — Non-album single
"4 AM"
(2 Chainz featuring Travis Scott)[28]
— 55 24 —
RIAA: Platinum[17]
Pretty Girls Like Trap Music
"Bloody Hands"
(Murda Beatz [29]
— — — —
Non-album singles
"They Said It"
(Ace Hood)[30]
— — — —
"Can't Hang"
(Preme featuring PartyNextDoor)[31][32]
— — — —
Light of Day
"MotorSport"
(Migos, Nicki Minaj and Cardi B)[33][34]
74 6 3 3
RIAA: Gold[35]
ARIA: Gold[21]
Culture II[36]
"Nuh Ready Nuh Ready"
(Calvin Harris featuring PartyNextDoor)[37]
2018 — — — — TBA
"Nice for What"
(Drake)[38][39]
1 1 1 16
RIAA: 3x Platinum
ARIA: Platinum[21]
Scorpion
"Bigger Than You"
(2 Chainz featuring Quavo and Drake)[40]
— 53 28 24 Rap or Go to the League
"Fefe"[41]
(6ix9ine featuring Nicki Minaj and Murda Beatz)
8 3 3 3
MC: Platinum[42]
Queen
"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.
Other charted songs[edit]
List of songs, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name
Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Album
US[43]
US
R&B
US
Rap
"Just for Tonight"
(Migos featuring Chris Brown)
2015 —[B] — — Yung Rich Nation
"With You"
(Drake featuring PartyNextDoor)
2016 47 21 8 Views
"Sweet Sweet"
(Travis Scott)
— —[C] — Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight
"Outside"
(Travis Scott featuring 21 Savage)
— —[D] —
"Get Right Witcha"
(Migos)[45]
2017 72 23 19 Culture
"No Long Talk"
(Drake featuring Giggs)
40 22 14 More Life
"I Do"
(Cardi B featuring SZA)
2018 23 16 12 Invasion of Privacy
"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory.
Production credits[edit]
See also: Category:Albums produced by Murda Beatz
2014[edit]
Migos - No Label 2
02. "Copy Me"
06. "Antidote" (produced with Phenom da Don)
17. "Body Parts" (featuring Machine Gun Kelly)
19. "Emmitt Smith"
Lil Durk - Signed to the Streets 2
02. "Ten Four"
13. "Gas & Mud"
Migos - Rich Nigga Timeline
03. "Can't Believe It"
11. "Story I Tell"
2015[edit]
Migos - Yung Rich Nation
04. "Spray the Champagne" (produced with Honorable C.N.O.T.E.)
08. "Just for Tonight" (featuring Chris Brown)
09. "Pipe it Up"
11. "Playa Playa"
12. "Cocaina" (featuring Young Thug)
Migos - Back to the Bando
05. "Rich Nigga Trappin"
Freddie Gibbs - Shadow of a Doubt
07. "Mexico" (featuring Tory Lanez) (produced with Speakerbomb)
Jeremih - Late Nights
09. "I Did" (featuring Feather) (produced with Jeremih and Left Lane)
2016[edit]
Migos - YRN 2[46]
11. "Hoe On A Mission"
13. "Hate It Or Love It"
Drake - Views
08. "With You" (featuring PartyNextDoor) (background vocals from Jeremih) (produced with Nineteen85 and Cardiak)
Roy Woods - Waking at Dawn
06. "Switch" (produced with FrancisGotHeat and Sunny Diamonds)
08. "Why"
Travis Scott - Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight
07. "Sweet Sweet" (produced with Cubeatz and Mike Dean)
08. "Outside" (featuring 21 Savage) (produced with OZ, Nisi, and Mike Dean)
24hrs - 12:AM[47]
01. "Gucci Flame / 12:AM in the 6
02. "Twenty Revenge" (featuring Yo Gotti) (produced with Apex Martin)
03. "Monster Truck" (produced with Cubeatz)
04. "Jungle Gym"
Kid Ink - RSS2[48]
02. "Before the Checks" (featuring Casey Veggies) (produced with Cubeatz)
07. "Die in It" (produced with OZ)
PartyNextDoor and Jeremih
01. "Like Dat" (featuring Lil Wayne) (produced with Cubeatz)[49][50]
Quavo
00. "Cuffed Up" (featuring PartyNextDoor)[51]
00. "My Pockets"
PartyNextDoor
00. "Buzzin" (featuring Lil Yachty) (produced with Cubeatz)[52]
00. "Can't Let The Summer Pass"[53]
Rick Ross
00. "No U-Turns" (produced with Cubeatz)[54]
Meek Mill - DC4
09. "Offended" (featuring Young Thug and 21 Savage) (produced with OZ and Cubeatz)
O.T. Genasis - Coke N Butter
04. "Feelings" (produced with Zaytoven and OG Parker)
Murda Beatz - Keep God First
01. "Intro"
02. "M&Ms" (featuring Offset and Blac Youngsta)
03. "Scorin'" (featuring Playboi Carti and Offset)
04. "More" (featuring PartyNextDoor and Quavo) (produced with Cubeatz)
05. "Yacht Master" (featuring Swae Lee and 2 Chainz)
06. "Novacane"
07. "She The Truth" (featuring Jeremih and Quavo) (produced with RetroFuture)
08. "Drop Out" (featuring Jimmy Prime)
09. "Growth" (featuring Offset)
10. "Cappin' N Shit" (featuring Skooly and 2 Chainz)
11. "Brown Money" (featuring Jay Whiss) (produced with OZ and Cubeatz)
12. "9 Times Out of 10" (featuring Ty Dolla Sign) (produced with Cubeatz)
13. "Pop Off" (featuring Offset)
14. "Hunnids" (featuring Smoke Dawg)
15. "I Just" (featuring Quavo)
16. "Roller Coasters" (featuring 24hrs) (produced with Rex Kudo)
Young Thug
00. "I Might" (featuring 21 Savage) (produced with Cubeatz)
Gucci Mane - The Return of East Atlanta Santa
08. "Yet" (produced with Cubeatz)
2017[edit]
PnB Rock - GTTM: Goin Thru the Motions
14. "Stand Back" (featuring A Boogie wit da Hoodie)
Migos - Culture
05. "Get Right Witcha" (produced with Zaytoven)
Wifisfuneral - When Hell Falls
05. "Hunnits, Fifties" (featuring Yung Bans) (produced with Cubeatz)[55]
Various Artists – The Fate of the Furious: The Album
02. "Go Off" (performed by Lil Uzi Vert, Quavo and Travis Scott) produced with Breyan Isaac and The Featherstones)
Drake – More Life
02. "No Long Talk" (featuring Giggs) (produced with Cubeatz)
11. "Portland" (featuring Travis Scott and Quavo) (produced with Cubeatz)
Kid Ink – 7 Series
01. "Supersoaka" (produced with OZ and Cubeatz)
Meek Mill - Meekend Music
02. "Backboard" (featuring Young Thug) (produced with Maaly Raw)
Juicy J - Gas Face
09. "Leanin" (featuring Chris Brown and Quavo) (produced with Cubeatz)
French Montana - Jungle Rules
11. "Push Up" (produced with Cubeatz)
Tyga - BitchImTheShit2
07. "Bel Air" (featuring Quavo) (produced with Crakwav)
Aminé - Good for You
02. "Yellow" (featuring Nelly) produced with Metro Boomin and Frank Dukes)
Bebe Rexha - All Your Fault: Pt. 2
01. "That's It" (featuring Gucci Mane and 2 Chainz) (produced with Cubeatz)
Mozzy - "1 Up Top Ahk"
10. "Outside" (featuring Lil Durk, Dave East and Lex Aura)
Quentin Miller
00. "Unexplained Freestyle"[56]
A Boogie wit da Hoodie - The Bigger Artist
02. "Undefeated" (featuring 21 Savage) (produced with Illmind)
Gucci Mane - Mr. Davis
01. "Work in Progress (Intro)" (produced with Cubeatz)
Yo Gotti - I Still Am
09. "One on One" (featuring YFN Lucci and Meek Mill) (background vocals from Desiigner)
11. "Yellow Tape" (featuring 21 Savage) (produced with Rasool Diaz)
Roy Woods - Say Less
04. "Take Time" (featuring 24hrs) (produced with Charlie Handsome)
Juicy J - Rubba Band Business
07. "Too Many" (featuring Wiz Khalifa and Denzel Curry)
G-Eazy - The Beautiful & Damned
11. "Gotdamn" (produced with OZ)
Travis Scott and Quavo – Huncho Jack, Jack Huncho
03. "Eye 2 Eye" (featuring Takeoff) (produced with Felix Leone)
05. "Huncho Jack" (produced with Mike Dean, Quavo, and Illmind)
06. "Saint" (produced with Illmind)
2018[edit]
Migos – Culture II
11. "Gang Gang" (produced with The Arcade)
15. "Beast"
17. "Motorsport" (featuring Cardi B and Nicki Minaj) (produced with Cubeatz)
Nipsey Hussle – Victory Lap
11. "Grinding All My Life" (produced with Mike & Keys)
Cardi B - Invasion of Privacy
13. "I Do" (featuring SZA) (produced with Cubeatz)
Smokepurpp and Murda Beatz – Bless Yo Trap
01. "123" (produced with Rasool Diaz)
02. "Big Dope" (produced with OZ)
03. "Do Not Disturb" (featuring Lil Yachty and Offset) (produced with Rasool Diaz)
04. "Pockets" (produced with Felix Leone)
05. "Good Habits"
06. "Mayo" (produced with Rasool Diaz)
07. "Pray" (featuring ASAP Ferg)
08. "Bumblebee" (produced with Frank Dukes and Rasool Diaz)
09. "Ways" (produced with Cubeatz)
10. "For the Gang" (produced with Cubeatz)
6ix9ine and Murda Beatz –
01. "Fefe" featuring Nicki Minaj
Trippie Redd - Life's a Trip
05. Forever Ever (featuring Young Thug and Reese Laflare) (produced with G Koop)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Pipe It Up" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number six on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.[10]
Jump up ^ "Just for Tonight" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number fifteen on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 chart.[10]
Jump up ^ "Sweet Sweet" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number six on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart.[44]
Jump up ^ "Outside" did not enter the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number five on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart.[44]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Diep, Eric (August 16, 2016). "Meet Murda Beatz, The Producer Who Made Friends With Everybody". The Fader. Retrieved October 31, 2016.
Jump up ^ Walker, Angus (January 30, 2016). "Behind The Beat: Murda Beatz". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved 31 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Madden, Sidney (June 2, 2016). "Studio Session: Meet Murda Beatz". XXL. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Danny (December 21, 2016). "Every Song Murda Beatz Produced In 2016". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lamarre, Carl (April 11, 2017). "Murda Beatz Talks Networking Skills & Collaborating With Gucci Mane, Drake & Migos". Billboard. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Murda Beatz' Shares New Mixtape "Keep God First"". Fader. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
Jump up ^ "Bless Yo Trap by Smokepurpp & Murda Beatz". Apple Music. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Murda Beatz's 'Keep God First 2' Mixtape Is on the Way". XXL. Retrieved 2018-03-29.
Jump up ^ Berry, Peter A. (April 11, 2018). "The Making of Smokepurpp & Murda Beatz's 'Bless Yo Trap' Project". XXL. Retrieved April 12, 2018. Keep God First 2 is coming this year. 1,000 percent. Everyone's on that shit. I got some legends on that.
^ Jump up to: a b "Migos – Chart History: Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – French Montana – No Shopping". RIAA. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
Jump up ^ "Listen To Gucci Mane's New Song "Stutter"". Complex. Retrieved 2016-12-10.
Jump up ^ "New Single Out Now Produced By Young Murda". Instagram. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
Jump up ^ "Drugs - Single". Itunes.apple.com. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
Jump up ^ "2 Chainz – "It's a Vibe" f. Ty Dolla $ign, Trey Songz & Jhené Aiko". 2DopeBoyz. 2017-03-08. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
Jump up ^ "It's a Vibe (feat. Ty Dolla $ign, Trey Songz & Jhené Aiko) - Single". Itunes.apple.com. 2017-03-09. Retrieved 2017-03-09.
^ Jump up to: a b "RIAA - Gold & Platinum by 2 Chainz". RIAA. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
Jump up ^ "Nicki Minaj – No Frauds (feat. Drake & Lil Wayne) (Remy Ma Diss)". OnSMASH. 2017-03-09. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
Jump up ^ "No Frauds - Single". Itunes.apple.com. 2017-03-10. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
Jump up ^ "Zayn And PartyNextDoor Connect On "Still Got Time"". Complex. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2018 Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. June 30, 2018. Retrieved August 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ "RIAA - Gold & Platinum by Drake". RIAA. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
Jump up ^ "Travis Scott – Butterfly Effect". OnSMASH. 2017-05-15. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
Jump up ^ "Butterfly Effect - Single". Itunes.apple.com. 2017-05-18. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
Jump up ^ "RIAA - Gold & Platinum by Travis Scott". RIAA. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "G-Eazy – Get Mine (feat. Snoop Dogg)". OnSMASH. 2017-05-24. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
Jump up ^ "Get Mine (feat. Snoop Dogg) - Single". Itunes.apple.com. 2017-05-26. Retrieved 2017-05-29.
Jump up ^ "2 Chainz – 4 AM (feat. Travis Scott)". OnSMASH. 2017-05-30. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
Jump up ^ single/id1289309566 "Bloody Hands- Single" Check |url= value (help). Itunes.apple.com. 2017-09-28. Retrieved 2017-09-29.
Jump up ^ "Ace Hood Shuts Down His Critics on 'They Said It': Premiere". Billboard. 2017-10-02. Retrieved 2017-10-02.
Jump up ^ "Preme – Can't Hang (feat. PARTYNEXTDOOR)". OnSMASH. 2017-10-19. Retrieved 2017-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Can't Hang (feat. PARTYNEXTDOOR) - Single". Itunes.apple.com. 2017-10-19. Retrieved 2017-10-20.
Jump up ^ "Migos Preview "Motor Sport" Single with Nicki Minaj & Cardi B". OnSMASH. 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
Jump up ^ "Motor Sport - Single". Itunes.apple.com. 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
Jump up ^ "RIAA - Gold & Platinum by Migos". RIAA. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
Jump up ^ "Migos Preview New Song Motorsport With Cardi B & Nicki Minaj". XXL. 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
Jump up ^ DJ Mag Staff (9 February 2018). "Calvin Harris: "I haven't done any meaningful festivals for years"". DJ Mag. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Drake Releases A New Song And Video, 'Nice For What'". Forbes. 2018-04-07. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
Jump up ^ "Nice for What-Single". Itunes.apple.com. 2018-04-07. Retrieved 2018-05-21.
Jump up ^ Giulione, Bianca. "Listen to 2 Chainz' New Song "Bigger Than You" with Drake & Quavo". Highsnobiety. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wicks, Amanda; Monroe, Jazz (July 22, 2018). "Nicki Minaj Features on 6ix9ine's New Song "FEFE": Watch". Pitchfork. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Canadian certifications – 6ix9ine – Fefe". Music Canada. Retrieved September 3, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Migos – Chart History: Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop : Travis Scott". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2017-01-27.
Jump up ^ "Watch Migos Perform "Get Right Witcha" Live With Zaytoven On Keytar". The FADER. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Danny (January 18, 2017). "Migos - YRN 2 (Young Rich Ni$a$ 2)". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mench, Chris (September 6, 2016). "Mysterious Atlanta Artist 24hrs Returns With '12:AM' EP". Complex. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Smith, Trevor (September 20, 2016). "RSS2". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved February 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Walker, Angus (July 8, 2016). "PartyNextDoor - Like Dat (CDQ) Feat. Jeremih & Lil Wayne (Prod. By Murda Beatz) | Stream [New Song]". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "prod. young murda , co prod. cubeatz 🌴". Instagram. July 6, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Walker, Angus (July 30, 2016). "Quavo - Cuffed Up Feat. PartyNextDoor (Prod. By Murda Beatz)". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Espinoza, Joshua (October 17, 2016). "PARTYNEXTDOOR Links Up With Lil Yachty for "Buzzin'"". Complex. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "New Music: PARTYNEXTDOOR – 'Can't Let the Summer Pass'". Rap-Up. August 18, 2016. Retrieved January 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ "new rick ross prod young murda x cubeatz #nouturn 💊". Instagram. September 14, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Listen To Wifisfuneral's New Project 'When Hell Falls'". XXL. January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ A., Aron (August 28, 2017). "Quentin Miller & Murda Beatz Team Up For "Unexplained Freestyle"". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved September 3, 2017.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murda_Beatz&oldid=866363578"
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/wiki/Trap_music_(hip_hop)
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Trap music (hip hop)

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Portland (Drake song)

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Culture (Migos album)

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7 Series (Kid Ink album)

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Quentin Miller

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The Beautiful & Damned

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The Arcade (record producer)

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https://www.instagram.com/p/BHniHLgAKsH

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