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Game Boy Advance SP
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Game Boy Advance SP
A Cobalt Blue front-lit version of the Game Boy Advance SP.
Manufacturer
Nintendo
Product family
Game Boy line
Type
Handheld game console
Generation
Sixth generation era
Retail availability
JP: February 14, 2003[1]
NA: March 23, 2003[2]
PAL: March 28, 2003[3]
Introductory price
US$99.99
¥12,500
€129.99
CA$149.95
A$199.99
Discontinued
May 15, 2010
Units shipped
Total (Worldwide): 81.51 million
GBA and Micro: 37.94 million
GBA SP: 43.57 million
(as of December 31, 2015[update])[4]
GBA Micro: 2.42 million
(as of March 31, 2007[update])[5]
Media
ROM cartridges
CPU
32-bit 16.78 MHz ARM7TDMI
8 or 4 MHz Z80 coprocessor
Display
TFT LCD, 240×160 pixels, 40.8×61.2 mm[6]
Best-selling game
Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire, 13 million combined (as of November 25, 2004)[7]
Pokémon Emerald, 6.32 million (as of March 31, 2007)[8]
Backward
compatibility
Game Boy, Game Boy Color (GBA & GBA SP only)
Predecessor
Game Boy Advance (concurrent)
Successor
Game Boy Micro (redesign)
Nintendo DS (successor)
The Game Boy Advance SP (ゲームボーイアドバンスSP, Gēmu Bōi Adobansu Essu Pī), released in February 2003,[9] is an upgraded version of Nintendo's Game Boy Advance. The "SP" in the name stands for "Special".[10] The SP is accompanied by the Nintendo DS (released in November 2004) and the Game Boy Micro (released in September 2005).
Contents
[hide]
1 Technical specifications
1.1 Physical
1.2 Internal
1.3 Headphone jack
2 Backlit Model (AGS-101)
3 Reception
4 Sales information
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Technical specifications[edit]
Main article: Comparison of Nintendo portable consoles
Physical[edit]
Size (closed): Approximately 8.4 × 8.2 × 2.44 cm (3.3 × 3.23 × 0.96 inches).
Weight: 142 grams (approximately 5 ounces)
Screen: 2.9 inch Reflective TFT Color LCD.
Light source: Frontlight integrated LCD.
Power: Rechargeable lithium ion battery.
Battery life: 10 hours continuous play with light on, 18 hours with light off; needs at most 3 hours recharging.
Hardware colors: Onyx, Flame, Platinum Silver, Cobalt Blue, Pearl Pink, Pearl Blue, Graphite, Midnight Blue, Charizard Fire Red, Torchic Orange, Venusaur Leaf Green, NES classic design, and Pikachu Yellow. A limited gold edition with a Triforce and the Hyrule Royal Family crest was available in Europe which included a copy of The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap.[11] In 2003, Toys "R" Us sold an exclusive gold edition (without any Zelda symbols) in the US starting on Black Friday of that year, initially with a Super Mario Advance 4 game.[12] In September 2005, a Blue edition was sold through Best Buy. A special Pokémon Emerald pack contained a limited edition Green Rayquaza SP and the Emerald game. A limited edition backlit edition exists. There is also an All Blacks edition. An Orange and red version was made as a prize for a speed run competition for Metroid Zero Mission. A red SP with a circle with an M in it was created, modeled after Mario's cap, it also came in a bundle that included the game Mario Vs. Donkey Kong.
Main article: List of Game Boy colors and styles § Game Boy Advance SP
The GBA SP is slightly more than half the size of the GBA when closed and roughly the height of Nintendo's Game Boy Color when open. This model of the Game Boy can play all Game Boy cartridges including Game Boy, Game Boy Color, and Game Boy Advance carts. The clamshell (or laptop design) protects the screen from scratches and dust, reminiscent of two-screen Game & Watch units. However, the casing is made from a different material, making it more prone to scratches than previous Game Boy systems. The slot for cartridges has been moved to the bottom of the system, facing down. This makes using special cartridges, such as the Game Boy Camera and Kirby: Tilt and Tumble, very difficult.
The GBA SP AC adapter comes with the package to recharge its lithium ion battery, something previous Game Boys did not have (they usually used commercially available batteries). This adapter is also compatible with the original version of the DS. The software library and general hardware specifications are identical to those of the Game Boy Advance.
In Japan it was released in a variety of standard colors and special packages. In most other regions it was released in Platinum Silver and Charcoal Black. Later, a Flame Red version was released. Six special editions have also been released: a NES Classics model with the same color scheme as a classic NES controller (and designed to resemble a NES deck when closed), a SpongeBob SquarePants model, a Pikachu model, and a silver model with a tattoo design printed on it, known as the 'Tribal Edition'.[13] In other regions, such as Europe, Asia, and the Middle East, additional colors have been released, such as Pearl Green and Starlight Gold.[14] Additionally, two new special versions have been released in Asia exclusive to that region.
Nintendo was planning to have the SP be 3D-compatible, but the resolution of LCD was too low, resulting in Nintendo scrapping it.[15]
Internal[edit]
CPU: 32-bit ARM7TDMI with embedded memory.
Co-processor: 8-bit Zilog Z80
Memory: 32 kilobyte+96 kilobyte VRAM (internal CPU), 256 kilobyte DRAM (external CPU).
Resolution: 240 × 160 pixels.
Color: 16-bit RGB (16-bit color space using 5 bits depth per channel), capable of displaying 512 simultaneous colors in "character mode" and 32,768 (215) simultaneous colors in "bitmap mode".
Software: Compatible with all Game Boy and most Game Boy Color games. Game Boy games can be played using the same selectable color palettes as on the Game Boy Color.
Headphone jack[edit]
Headphone adapter for Game Boy Advance SP
Nintendo removed the TRS headphone jack from the SP, which had been included on all previous Game Boy models. Headphones designed specifically for the GBA SP can be purchased, or standard headphones can be attached with an optional, stereophonic[16] adapter that plugs into the same port as the AC adapter.
As both AC adapter and headphones use the same port, it is not possible to charge the SP and listen to headphones at the same time with the Nintendo brand adapter. There are, however, third-party solutions, such as an adapter that "splits" into two different cords; the power jack on one side, and a TS headphone jack on the other.
Backlit Model (AGS-101)[edit]
The pearl blue AGS-101 GBA SP model that featured an improved backlit screen.[17]
In September 2005, around the time of the Game Boy Micro's release, Nintendo released an improved version of the Game Boy Advance SP in North America, featuring a brighter backlit screen instead of the previous version's frontlit screen. The new model can be distinguished by the following features:
The box states "Now with a BRIGHTER backlit screen!" to distinguish the new model from the older, frontlit models.
The backlit SP has the Model Number AGS-101 on the label on the bottom of the unit, whereas the original frontlit SP has the Model Number AGS-001[18]
The mini button at the top center of the console's lower face is now referred to in the manual as the "Brightness Switch" and selects between two levels of brightness, "Normal"(Low) and "Bright"(High) with no off setting. On the frontlit models this button turned the frontlight on or off only. With the backlight set to "Normal"(Low) the brightness still surpasses the original AGS-001 with the frontlight on.
When powered off, the backlit model's screen is completely black, but the frontlit model's screen is noticeably lighter.
The North American backlit version comes in three standard colors: "Pearl Blue", "Pearl Pink" and "Graphite" (a greyer version of Onyx Black). There were also two Toys "R" Us exclusive backlit models; a "SpongeBob SquarePants" model[19] and a "Limited Edition Pikachu" model.
In 2006, the AGS-101 backlit model also saw a very limited release in Europe.[20] Few models made it to market, likely due to the release of the Game Boy Advance-compatible Nintendo DS one year prior. The European version was released in "Surf Blue"[21] as well as re-issued "Pink" and "Tribal" editions.
Unlike the North American release, the European box does not feature any prominent text to distinguish the backlit models from the older frontlit models. In addition, only the "Surf Blue" color was unique to the AGS-101, the other two colors "Pink" and "Tribal" had already been released as frontlit models - for these reasons it can be very difficult to identify a European backlit SP. Apart from the AGS-101 model number on the base of the unit, the only other obvious distinguishing feature of the European backlit model is the large picture of the Game Boy Advance SP featured on the front of the box. (The European frontlit models of "Pink" and "Tribal" only feature small pictures of the Game Boy Advance SP on the sides of the box and Flower/Tattoo patterns on the front respectively.)
Reception[edit]
"M. Wiley" of IGN called the Game Boy Advance SP "a step in the right direction for Nintendo", praising the system's new redesign over the original GBA and highlighting its inclusion of a backlit screen and rechargable battery, although minor criticism went towards the system's omittion of a headphone jack.[22] Engadget gave it a global score of 84 out of 100, also praising the new features of the redesign while noting the system's lack of a headphone jack.[23]
Sales information[edit]
As of June 30, 2009, the Game Boy Advance series has sold 81.48 million units worldwide, of which 43.52 million are Game Boy Advance SP units.[24]
Life-to-date Number of units sold
Date
Japan
Americas
Other
Total
2003-03-31[25]
0.82 million 0.83 million 0.46 million
2.10 million
2003-06-30
4.84 million[26]
2003-09-30[27]
2.33 million 4.32 million 2.38 million
9.04 million
2003-12-31[28]
3.14 million 7.82 million 4.34 million
15.30 million
2004-03-31[29]
3.68 million 8.78 million 4.70 million
17.16 million
2004-06-30
19.33 million[30]
2004-09-30[31]
5.02 million 12.46 million 6.21 million
23.68 million
2004-12-31[32]
5.94 million 16.13 million 8.67 million
30.73 million
2005-03-31[33]
6.00 million 16.69 million 9.10 million
31.79 million
2005-06-30
2005-09-30[34]
6.16 million 18.08 million 10.08 million
34.32 million
2005-12-31[35]
6.35 million 20.40 million 10.64 million
37.40 million
2006-03-31[36]
6.42 million 20.95 million 10.86 million
38.23 million
2006-06-30[37]
6.46 million 21.30 million 11.08 million
38.84 million
2006-09-30[38]
6.48 million 21.95 million 11.37 million
39.79 million
2006-12-31[39]
6.50 million 23.06 million 11.78 million
41.33 million
2007-03-31[40]
6.50 million 23.47 million 11.95 million
41.92 million
2007-06-30[41]
6.50 million 23.78 million 12.14 million
42.43 million
2007-09-30[42]
6.51 million 24.01 million 12.31 million
42.82 million
2007-12-31[43]
6.51 million 24.01 million 12.51 million
43.02 million
2008-03-31[44]
6.51 million 24.00 million 12.71 million
43.23 million
2008-06-30[45]
6.51 million 24.00 million 12.89 million
43.41 million
2008-09-30[46]
6.51 million 24.00 million 12.97 million
43.49 million
2008-12-31[47]
6.51 million 24.00 million 13.00 million
43.52 million
See also[edit]
Nintendo portal
List of Game Boy Advance games
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Game Boy Advance SP". IGN. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Nintendo Game Boy Advance SP review". CNET. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "N-Europe News: GBA SP Press Release". Ashley Jones. 2003-03-07. Archived from the original on 2010-02-06. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo. February 3, 2016. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated sales units, number of new titles, and sales unit forecast" (PDF). Nintendo. April 26, 2007. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ https://www.nintendo.co.uk/Support/Game-Boy-Advance-SP/Product-information/Technical-data/Technical-data-619375.html
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Financial Statements" (PDF). Nintendo. 2004-11-25. p. 4. Retrieved 2007-11-11.
Jump up ^ "Supplementary Information about Earnings Release" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-04-27. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
Jump up ^ "Nintendo Company History". Nintendo of America Inc. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
Jump up ^ Nintendo - Customer Service | Game Boy Advance SP - Frequently Asked Questions
Jump up ^ Harris, Craig. "Legend of Zelda GBA SP". Retrieved 26 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "TRU Exclusive Gold GBA SP/Super Mario Advance 4 Bundle for Sale".
Jump up ^ Tribal Edition GBA SP for Europe
Jump up ^ Gameboy Advance SP Star Light Gold Toys R Us Limited Edition (GFF-3663)
Jump up ^ Iwata Asks. Iwataasks.nintendo.com. Retrieved on 2014-02-21.
Jump up ^ "Game Boy Advance SP | Corporate | Nintendo". Retrieved 2 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nintendo Game Boy Advance SP Review - Consoles". CNET. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
Jump up ^ AGB/AGS/OXY: Game Boy Advance
Jump up ^ GBA SP Gets Brighter
Jump up ^ Brighter SP coming to Europe
Jump up ^ Gameboy Advance SP - European AGS-101 Model (Backlit) Unboxing
Jump up ^ M. Riley (March 20, 2003). "Game Boy Advance SP". IGN. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nintendo Game Boy Advance SP review". Engadget. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo. 2009-07-30. Retrieved 2009-07-30. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2003-05-22. p. 27. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2003-08-05. p. 4. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2003-11-13. p. 27. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2004-01-29. p. 4. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2004-05-27. p. 33. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2004-07-28. p. 7. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo Co., Ltd. 2004-11-25. p. 25. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2005-01-26. p. 7. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2005-05-26. p. 39. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo Co., Ltd. 2005-11-24. p. 25. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2006-01-26. p. 7. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2006-05-25. p. 30. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2006-07-24. p. 9. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated financial highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2006-10-26. p. 28. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Financial Highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-01-25. p. 8. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Financial Highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-04-26. p. 8. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Financial Highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-07-25. p. 8. Retrieved 2007-07-25.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Financial Highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-10-25. p. 22. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Financial Highlights" (PDF). Nintendo. 2007-01-24. p. 8. Retrieved 2007-01-24.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Financial Statements" (PDF). Nintendo. 2008-04-24. p. 22. Retrieved 2008-04-24.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo. 2008-07-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-10. Retrieved 2008-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo. 2008-10-30. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-26. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" (PDF). Nintendo. 2009-01-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-26. Retrieved 2008-10-31.
External links[edit]
Official website
Game Boy Advance at Nintendo.com (archived versions at the Internet Archive Wayback Machine)
Comparison of GBA SP 101 vs 001
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Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul
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This article is about the 1633 Vincentian organization. For other religious orders, or branches, see Sisters of Charity.
For other uses, see Daughters of Charity (disambiguation).
A painting of cornette-wearing Daughters of Charity by Karol Tichy (pl), depicting a funeral in an orphanage run by the sisters (National Museum in Warsaw).
The Company of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul (Latin: Societas Filiarum Caritatis a S. Vincentio de Paulo), called in English the Daughters of Charity or Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent De Paul is a Society of Apostolic Life for women within the Catholic Church. Its members make annual vows throughout their life, which leaves them always free to leave, without need of ecclesiastical permission. They were founded in 1633 and are devoted to serving Jesus Christ in persons who are poor through corporal and spiritual works of mercy.
They have been popularly known in France as "the Grey Sisters" from the color of their traditional religious habit, which was originally grey, then bluish grey. The 1996 publication The Vincentian Family Tree presents an overview of related communities from a genealogical perspective.[1] They use the initials DC after their names. In the past, when they were known simply as the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph, the postnominals SC were used.
Contents
[hide]
1 Foundation
2 French Revolution
3 Growth
4 Charism
5 United States
6 Contemporary status
7 Activities
8 Allegations of child abuse
9 Notable members
10 References
11 See also
12 Further reading
13 External links
Foundation[edit]
The institute was founded by Saint Vincent de Paul, a French priest, and Saint Louise de Marillac, a widow. The need of organization in work for the poor suggested to de Paul the forming of a confraternity among the women of his parish in Châtillon-les-Dombes. It was so successful that it spread from the rural districts to Paris, where noble ladies often found it hard to give personal care to the needs of the poor. The majority sent their servants to minister to those in need, but the work was often slighted as unimportant. Vincent de Paul remedied this by referring young women who inquired about serving persons in need to go to Paris and devote themselves to this ministry under the direction of the Ladies of Charity. Marguerite Naseau, a 34-year-old woman from the countryside in Suresnes, met Vincent de Paul with other priests of the Congregation of the Mission during one of his Missions of Evangelization. In 1630 she met up with Vincent and Louise in Paris, where they suggested that she help the Ladies of Charity.[2]
These young women formed the nucleus of the Company of the Daughters of Charity now spread over the world. On 29 November 1633, the eve of St. Andrew, de Marillac began a more systematic training of the women, particularly for the care of the sick. The sisters lived in community in order to better develop the spiritual life and thus, more effectively, carry out their mission of service. The Daughters of Charity differed from other religious congregations of that time in that they were not cloistered. They maintained the necessary mobility and availability and lived among those whom they served.[2] From the beginning, the community motto was: "The charity of Christ impels us!"
The newly formed Daughters of Charity set up soup kitchens, organized community hospitals, established schools and homes for orphaned children, offered job training, taught the young to read and write, and improved prison conditions. The hospital of St John the Evangelist in the province of Angers was the first hospital entrusted to the care of the Daughters of Charity.[3] Louise de Marillac and Vincent de Paul both died in 1660, and by this time there were more than forty houses of the Daughters of Charity in France, and the sick poor were cared for in their own dwellings in twenty-six parishes in Paris.
French Revolution[edit]
Daughters of Charity holy card. University of Dayton Libraries.
Anticlerical forces in the French Revolution were determined to shut down all convents. In 1789 France had 426 houses; the sisters numbered about 6000 in Europe. In 1792, the sisters were ordered to quit the motherhouse; the community was officially disbanded in 1793.[4] An oath to support the Revolution was imposed on all former members of religious orders who performed a service that was remunerated by the state. Taking this oath was seen as breaking off with the Church while those who refused to do so were considered counter-revolutionaries.
In Angers, revolutionary authorities decided to make an example of sisters Marie-Anne Vaillot and Odile Baumgarten in order to demonstrate what refusal to take the oath would mean. In early 1794 they faced a public execution. At a ceremony in Rome on 19 February 1984 Pope John Paul II beatified ninety-nine persons who died for the faith in Angers, including Vaillot and Baumgarten.[3] Their feast day is February 1.
Sister Marguerite Rutan was Superior of the community that staffed the hospital at Dax. The six sisters had refused to take the revolutionary oath. The Revolutionary committee wanted to remove the Superior of the Sisters and looked for a motive to arrest her. A false testimony allowed them to say that Sr. Marguerite was unpatriotic, a fanatic against the principles of the Revolution and that she tried to convince the wounded soldiers to desert and join the royalist army of Vendéens. On April 9, 1794 Sister Marguerite Rutan was condemned to death and guillotined at Poyanne Place not far from the prison.[2] She was beatified Sunday, June 19, 2011 in Dax, France. Her feast day is June 26.
Sisters Marie-Madeleine Fontaine, Marie-Françoise Lanel, Thérèse Fantou, Jeanne Gérard from the House of Charity in Arras were guillotined in Cambrai June 26, 1794. Waiting for the cart to take them to the guillotine, the guards took their chaplets and, not knowing what to do, put them on their heads like a crown. They were beatified on June 13, 1920. Their feast day is June 26.[2]
The order was restored in 1801, many former sisters returned, and it grew very rapidly throughout the 19th century.
Growth[edit]
Until 1964, their traditional religious habit included a large, starched cornette on the head.
A Daughter of Charity shown with the distinctive head gear, Ireland, 1964.
From that time and through the 19th century, the community spread to Austria, Australia, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Portugal, Turkey, Britain and the Americas.[4] During this period, the ministry of the Daughters developed to caring for others in need such as orphans and those with physical disabilities.
The first house in Ireland was opened in Drogheda, in 1855. By 1907 there were 46 houses and 407 sisters in England; 13 houses and 134 sisters in Ireland; 8 houses and 62 sisters in Scotland. They operated 23 orphanages; 7 industrial schools; 24 public elementary schools; 1 normal school to train teachers; 3 homes for working girls or women ex-convicts; and 8 hospitals.[4]
Convent of St. Vincent de Paul in Jerusalem
The Convent of Saint Vincent de Paul was the first building established on Mamilla Street in Jerusalem, near Jaffa Gate, in 1886. Precipitating the future growth of that street as a commercial thoroughfare, the sisters put up a series of shops in front of the building and used the rent money for convent operations.[5] The convent was integrated into the design of the Mamilla Mall pedestrian promenade, which opened in 2007.[6]
The motherhouse of the Daughters of Charity is located at 140 rue du Bac, in Paris, France. The remains of de Marillac and those of St. Catherine Labouré lie preserved in the chapel of the motherhouse. Labouré was the Daughter of Charity to whom, in 1830, the Blessed Virgin Mary is said to have appeared, commissioning her to spread devotion to the Medal of Mary Immaculate, commonly called the Miraculous Medal.
The traditional habit of the Daughters of Charity was one of the most conspicuous of Catholic Sisters, as it included a large starched cornette on the head. This was the dress of peasant women of the neighborhood of Paris at the date of the foundation, a grey habit with wide sleeves and a long grey apron. The head-dress was at first a small linen cap, but to this was added in the early days the white linen cornette. At first it was used only in the country, being in fact the headdress of the Ile de France district, but in 1685 its use became general. The institute adopted a more simple modern dress and blue veil on 20 September 1964.
Charism[edit]
The Charism of a religious society is the characteristic impetus which distinguishes it from other similar groups. Religious communities frequently describe it as a grace or gift given by God as inspiration to the founder, which lives on in the organization. The charism of the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul is that of service to the poor.[7]
United States[edit]
See: Sisters of Charity Federation in the Vincentian-Setonian Tradition
In the United States, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, a recent convert to the Catholic Church, had hoped to establish a community of Daughters of Charity. Unable to do so because of the political situation during the Napoleonic Wars, on 31 July 1809, she founded the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph at Emmitsburg, Maryland. The nucleus of the little community consisted of five Sisters who were soon joined by others. Her desire to consecrate her life to works of charity led Mother Seton to request the Rules of the Daughters of Charity founded by St. Vincent de Paul in 1633. Bishop Benedict J. Flaget presented the request to superiors in Paris and in 1810 brought to Mother Seton the Rules by which she guided her community during her lifetime. At the time of her death in 1821, the community numbered fifty Sisters. In 1850, the community at Emmitsburg affiliated with the Mother House of the Daughters of Charity in Paris and at that time adopted the blue habit and the white collar and cornette.[8] The community in Emmitsburg became the first American province of the Daughters of Charity.
By then, other communities had been established elsewhere in the United States. In 1817, Mother Seton sent three Sisters to New York at the invitation of Bishop Connolly to open a home for dependent children. Their services were urgently needed, for many parents were victims of the epidemics that frequently invaded the city, where there was as yet no system of sanitation. In 1846, the New York congregation incorporated as a separate order, the Sisters of Charity of New York. The Sisters in New York retained the rule, customs, and spiritual exercises established by Mother Seton, and her black habit, cape and cap.[8]
During the American Civil War, the order provided nursing services to soldiers in field hospitals and in depots for prisoners of war.[9]
The Spanish–American War of 1898, quickly demonstrated the important need for trained nurses as hastily constructed army camps for more than twenty-eight thousand members of the regular army were devastated by diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, and malaria—all of which took a much greater toll than did enemy gunfire. The United States government called for women to volunteer as nurses. Thousands did so, but few were professionally trained. Among the latter were 250 Catholic nurses, most of them from the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul. Reverend Mother Mariana Flynn, head of the Daughters of Charity, recalled their service during the Civil War and said her sisters were proud to be "back in the army again, caring for our sick and wounded."[10]
In 1910, the jurisdiction of Emmitsburg was divided into two Provinces with the Eastern Provincial House in Emmitsburg and the Western Provincial House in Normandy, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis.[8]
Contemporary status[edit]
As of 2017, 18,000 serve in ninety-four countries, addressing needs of food, water, sanitation and shelter; and through their sustaining works including health care, HIV/AIDS, migrant and refugee assistance, and education.[11]
In July 2011 the Daughters of Charity merged four of the five existing U.S. provinces — Emmitsburg, Maryland; Albany, New York; St. Louis, Missouri; and Evansville, Indiana. The process of unification began at a 2007 gathering in Buffalo, N.Y. The Province of the West, based in Los Altos Hills, Calif., was not involved in the merger. The newly constituted province is named for St. Louise de Marillac, who founded the congregation in France in 1633 along with St. Vincent de Paul to “serve Christ in persons who are poor.” Administrative offices for the Province of St. Louise are located in St. Louis, Mo. The archival collections of the former provinces will be consolidated in a new facility located within the former St. Joseph’s Provincial House, adjacent to The Basilica of the National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton and the Seton Heritage Center, in Emmitsburg, Maryland.[12] The new province covers 34 states, the District of Columbia and the Canadian province of Quebec.
Activities[edit]
Sisters Vicentins in 2013 (Brazil)
Many hospitals, orphanages, and educational institutions were established and operated by the Daughters of Charity over the years, including Saint Joseph College, Emmitsburg, Maryland, Marillac College in Missouri, Santa Isabel College Manila, Saint Louise's Comprehensive College in Belfast, Northern Ireland, and Saint Louise de Marillac High School in Illinois. Though no longer staffed and run by the Daughters, five of the hospitals which were founded by them in the USA continue to operate within the St. Vincent's Health Care System.[13]
In Mayagüez, Puerto Rico they help run the Asilo De Pobres[14] and in the Philippines they run the College of the Immaculate Conception.
In the United Kingdom, the Daughters of Charity are based at Mill Hill, north London, and have registered charity status.[15]
Daughters operate St. Ann's Infant and Maternity Home near Washington, D.C.[16]
Allegations of child abuse[edit]
In April 2017 it was announced that the second phase of the Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry would focus on orphanages run by the Daughters of Charity: Smyllum Park in Lanark, Bellevue House in Rutherglen, St Joseph's Hospital in Rosewell, St Vincent's School for the Deaf/Blind in Glasgow and Roseangle Orphanage (St Vincent's) in Dundee.[17]
In September 2017, an investigation by BBC File on 4 and the Sunday Post revealed evidence that the bodies of up to 400 children from Smyllum Park had been buried in a mass grave. The orphanage looked after 11,600 children between 1864 and 1981. The investigation followed on from the discovery in 2003 of an unmarked burial plot in St Mary's cemetery, by campaigners searching for evidence of physical abuse which they believed many former residents had experienced. In addition to burial records examined in 2003 which reported that some children had died of malnutrition, the 2017 investigation uncovered allegations of abuse including beatings, punches, public humiliations and psychological abuse.[18] A former resident at the home told BBC Stories of her own experiences of "systematic abuse" including an incident in which her arm was broken by a nun who discovered her being sexually abused by a priest. She stated "every child was beaten, punished, locked in a dark room, made to eat their own vomit and I would say that most of us had our mouths rinsed out with carbolic soap."[19] Two representatives of the Daughters of Charity had given evidence to the Scottish Child Abuse Inquiry earlier in 2017, claiming that they could find no records of any abuse taking place.[18] Following investigation by Police Scotland into the mass burial site, The Crown Office acknowledged the level of public concern but said there was currently no evidence of criminal activity. In response to questions asked in the Scottish Parliament, childcare minister Mark McDonald confirmed that at the time of the deaths there was no requirement for private burial authorities to keep a register of burial plots.[20][21]
Notable members[edit]
Saint Louise de Marillac
Saint Catherine Laboure
Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton
Saint Jeanne Antide Thouret
Blessed Odile Baumgarten
Blessed Rosalie Rendu
Blessed Marta Anna Wiecka
Blessed Lindalva Justo de Oliveira
Blessed Giuseppina Nicoli
Servant of God Asuncion Ventura
Servant of God Teresa Tambelli
Servant of God Teresa Borgarino (Gabriela)
Servant of God Justa Dominguez de Vidauretta Idoy
Servant of God Pia Cantalupo (Anna)
Servant of God Maria Josefa Brandis (Leopoldina)
Servant of God Barbara Samulowska (Stanislawa)
Servant of God Marie de Mandat-Grancey
Servant of God Francisca Benicia Oliveira
Sister Ursula Mattingly
Marie-Therese Marquet (Elisabeth)
Marie-Josephe Adam (Josephine)
Maria Clorinda Andreoni (Vittoria)
Marie-Anne Pavillon (Eugenie) and 6 Companions
References[edit]
Jump up ^ McNeil, Betty Ann (1996). The Vincentian Family Tree: A Genealogical Study. Chicago: Vincentian Studies Institute.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Origin of the Company, Les Filles de la Charité de Saint Vincent de Paul". Filles-de-la-charite.org. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ Jump up to: a b "Davitt CM, Thomas. "Martyred Daughters of Charity", Vincentian Online Library". Famvin.org. 1984-02-19. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
^ Jump up to: a b c "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul". www.newadvent.org.
Jump up ^ Wager, Eliyahu (1988). Illustrated Guide to Jerusalem. The Jerusalem Publishing House, Ltd. pp. 169–170.
Jump up ^ Furstenberg, Rochelle (2014). "Israel Life: Old-New Mall". Hadassah Magazine. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Charism Alive", Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul West Central Province Archived 2013-04-11 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c "A Short History of the Sisters of Charity, Emmitsburg Area Historical society". Emmitsburg.net. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
Jump up ^ McNeil, Betty Ann; Maher, Mary Denis; Bucklew, Janet Leigh (2015). Balm of Hope: Charity Afire Impels Daughters of Charity to Civil War Nursing. DePaul University Vincentian Studies Institute. ISBN 9781936696086. OCLC 922894915.
Jump up ^ Mercedes Graf, "Band Of Angels: Sister Nurses in the Spanish-American War," Prologue (2002) 34#3 pp 196–209. online
Jump up ^ "Who We Are". Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent De Paul. Retrieved 20 September 2017.
Jump up ^ ""Historical Archives", The National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton". Setonheritage.org. Archived from the original on 2013-09-30. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
Jump up ^ "STVHS". St Vincent's Health System. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Obras de Asistencia Social y Parroquial" (in Spanish). Hijas de la Caridad. Archived from the original on 2009-10-26. Retrieved September 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Charity Commission. Charity For Roman Catholic Purposes Administered In Connection With The Sisters Of Charity Of St Vincent De Paul, registered charity no. 236803.
Jump up ^ "St. Ann's Infant and Maternity Home website - Mission". Stanns.org. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
Jump up ^ "Child abuse inquiry to focus on Catholic Church homes". STV News. 6 April 2017. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Robinson, Ben; Buchanan, Michael (10 September 2017). "Bodies of 'hundreds' of children buried in mass grave". BBC News.
Jump up ^ "'I was abused by nuns for a decade' at Smyllum Park". BBC News. 15 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "'No evidence of crime' at orphanage where 400 children's bodies buried in mass grave". Evening Times (Glasgow). 12 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "'No crime' over orphanage mass grave". BBC News. 12 September 2017.
See also[edit]
Catholicism portal
Consecrated life
Institutes of consecrated life
Louise de Marillac
Religious institute (Catholic)
Secular institute
Vincent de Paul
Vocational Discernment in the Catholic Church
Further reading[edit]
Martha M. Libster & Sister Betty Ann McNeil. Enlightened Charity: The Holistic Nursing Care, Education, and Advices Concerning the Sick of Sister Matilda Coskery, 1799 - 1870.(Golden Apple Publications, 2009)
Susan E. Dinan, Women and Poor Relief in Seventeenth-Century France. The Early History of the Daughters of Charity (Ashgate, 2006)
Mary Olga McKenna. Charity Alive: Sisters of Charity of Saint Vincent De Paul, Halifax 1950-1980 (1998) in Canada excerpt and text search
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Company of the Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul.
International website of the Daughters of Charity
Randolph, Bartholomew. "Sisters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908
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I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper"
Single by Sarah Brightman
and Hot Gossip
B-side
"Do, Do, Do"
Released
1978
Format
7" single
12" single
Recorded
1978
Genre
Pop, Disco, Space disco
Length
3:42
4:19 (long version)
Label
Ariola Hansa
Songwriter(s)
Jeff Calvert, Geraint Hughes
Producer(s)
Steve Rowland
"I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper", sometimes cited as "(I Lost My Heart to A) Starship Trooper", is a 1978 single written by Jeff Calvert and Geraint Hughes[1] of Typically Tropical and performed by Sarah Brightman and Hot Gossip. It is notable as the debut of the then 18-year-old Brightman as a singer, and reached number six in the UK Singles Chart.[2]
The song is a lightweight space disco track that cashed in on the media hype surrounding the original Star Wars film: the lyrics include the lines "And evil Darth Vader he's been banished to Mars" and "Or are you like a droid, devoid of emotion", and the titular "starship trooper" could refer to Luke Skywalker[original research?]. The song also samples music from Star Wars, Thus Spoke Zarathustra (from 2001: A Space Odyssey), and the "spaceship communication" melody from Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Many of the lyrics contain sexual innuendo; for example, "Take me, make me feel the force". Other science fiction references include: "I lost my heart to a starship trooper", "Flash Gordon's left me, he's gone to the stars", "What my body needs is close encounter three", "Static on the comm – it's Starfleet Command" and "Fighting for the Federation" (which could refer to Star Trek, Blake's 7 or Starship Troopers).
The song was performed on The Kenny Everett Video Show by its regular dance troupe Hot Gossip. Its lead, Sarah Brightman, was dressed in a silver catsuit and platform shoes.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Weekly charts
2 Certifications
3 References
4 External links
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1978)
Peak
Position
Germany (Official German Charts)[4] 26
Ireland (IRMA)[5] 5
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[6] 50
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[7] 6
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[8]
Gold 500,000^
^shipments figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Discogs". Retrieved 8 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sarah's Early Years: 1960 – 1981". Sarah Brightman Official Website. Retrieved 2 December 2007.
Jump up ^ Craig, Olga (29 November 2008), Sarah Brightman's hot gossip days are over, London: The Daily Telegraph, retrieved 4 May 2010
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Sarah Brightman & Hot Gossip – I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper – I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved March 6, 2016.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Sarah Brightman & Hot Gossip – I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper". British Phonographic Industry. Enter I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper in the search field and then press Enter.
External links[edit]
A video of a live dance performance of the song
Song lyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Sarah Brightman
Studio albums
The Trees They Grow So High (Early One Morning)
The Songs That Got Away
As I Came of Age
Sings the Music of Andrew Lloyd Webber
Dive
Fly
Timeless (Time to Say Goodbye)
Eden
La Luna
Harem
Symphony
A Winter Symphony
Dreamchaser
Compilations
Surrender
The Andrew Lloyd Webber Collection
The Very Best of 1990–2000
Classics
Encore
The Harem Tour
Love Changes Everything
Classics: The Best of Sarah Brightman
Diva: The Singles Collection
Amalfi – Sarah Brightman Love Songs
Bella Voce
Rarities Volume 1
Rarities Volume 2
Rarities Volume 3
Gala - Sarah Brightman The Collection (Japan_Only)
Live albums
and videos
Sarah Brightman: In Concert
A Gala Christmas in Vienna
One Night in Eden
La Luna: Live in Concert
Classics: The Best of Sarah Brightman
The Harem World Tour: Live from Las Vegas
Diva: The Video Collection
Symphony: Live in Vienna
Dreamchaser in Concert
Singles
"I Lost My Heart to a Starship Trooper"
"The Adventures of the Love Crusader"
"My Boyfriend's Back"
"Him"
"Rhythm of the Rain"
"Unexpected Song"
"All I Ask of You"
"Doretta's Dream"
"Anything But Lonely"
"Something to Believe In"
"Amigos Para Siempre"
"Captain Nemo"
"The Second Element"
"A Question of Honour"
"How Can Heaven Love Me"
"Heaven Is Here"
"Time to Say Goodbye"
"Just Show Me How to Love You"
"Who Wants to Live Forever"
"Tú Quieres Volver"
"There for Me"
"Eden"
"Deliver Me"
"So Many Things"
"The Last Words You Said"
"Scarborough Fair"
"A Whiter Shade of Pale"
"Harem"
"It's a Beautiful Day"
"Free"
"I Will Be with You (Where the Lost Ones Go)"
"Running"
"Pasión"
"I Believe in Father Christmas"
"Angel"
"One Day Like This"
Tours
"A Timeless Evening with Sarah Brightman" (UK and Germany) 1997
"One Night In Eden Tour" 1999
"La Luna World Tour" 2000–2001
"Harem World Tour" 2004–2005
"The Symphony World Tour" 2008–2009 (North America, Asia)
"Sarah Brightman in Concert" 2009 (Mexico and South America)
"Sarah Brightman in Concert with Orchestra" 2010 (Japan, Korea and Macau)
"Dreamchaser World Tour" 2013-2014
"Gala - An Evening With Sarah Brightman" 2016 (Japan, South Korea, Turkey and Mexico)
Related articles
Discography
Soyuz TMA-18M
Book
Category
This 1970s pop song-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
v
t
e
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This page was last edited on 7 May 2017, at 09:18.
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