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Elul
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← Av Elul (אֱלוּל) Tishrei →

The shofar is blown every morning from the first
day of Elul until Rosh Hashanah (except on Shabbat).
Month Number:
6
Number of Days:
29
Season:
Summer
Gregorian Equivalent:
August–September
Repentance in Judaism Teshuva
"Return"
Repentance, atonement and
higher ascent in Judaism
In the Hebrew Bible
Altars · Korban
Temple in Jerusalem
Prophecy within the Temple
Aspects
Confession · Atonement
Love of God · Awe of God
Mystical approach
Ethical approach
Meditation · Services
Torah study
Tzedakah · Mitzvot
In the Jewish calendar
Month of Elul · Selichot
Rosh Hashanah
Shofar · Tashlikh
Ten Days of Repentance
Kapparot · Mikveh
Yom Kippur
Sukkot · Simchat Torah
Ta'anit · Tisha B'Av
Passover · The Omer
Shavuot
In contemporary Judaism
Baal Teshuva movement
Jewish Renewal · Musar movement
v
t
e
Elul (Hebrew: אֱלוּל, Standard Elul Tiberian ʾĔlûl) is the twelfth month of the Jewish civil year and the sixth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar. It is a summer month of 29 days. Elul usually occurs in August–September on the Gregorian calendar.
In the Jewish tradition, the month of Elul is a time of repentance in preparation for the High Holy Days of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. The word “Elul” is similar to the root of the verb “search” in Aramaic. The Talmud writes that the Hebrew word "Elul" can be understood to be an acronym for the phrase "Ani L'dodi V'dodi Li" - "I am my beloved's and my beloved is mine" (Song of Solomon 6:3). Elul is seen as a time to search one's heart and draw close to God in preparation for the coming Day of Judgement, Rosh Hashanah, and Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur.[1]
During the month of Elul, there are a number of special rituals leading up to the High Holy Days. It is customary to blow the shofar every morning (except on Shabbat) from Rosh Hodesh Elul (the first day of the month) until the day before Rosh Hashanah. The blasts are meant to awaken one's spirits and inspire him to begin the soul searching which will prepare him for the High Holy Days. As part of this preparation, Elul is the time to begin the sometimes-difficult process of granting and asking for forgiveness.[1] It is also customary to recite Psalm 27 every day from Rosh Hodesh Elul through Hoshanah Rabbah on Sukkot (in Tishrei).
Aside from the blowing of the shofar, the other significant ritual practice during Elul is to recite selichot (special penitential prayers) either every morning before sunrise beginning on the Sunday immediately before Rosh Hashanah, or, if starting Sunday would not afford 4 days of selichot, then the Sunday one week prior (Ashkenazi tradition) or every morning during the entire month of Elul (Sephardi tradition). Ashkenazi Jews begin the recitation of selichot with a special service on Saturday night between solar mid-night (not 12:00) and morning light on the first day of Selichot.
Many Jews also visit the graves of loved ones throughout the month in order to remember and honor those people in our past who inspire us to live more fully in the future.
Another social custom is to begin or end all letters written during the month of Elul with wishes that the recipient have a good year. The standard blessing is "K'tiva VaHatima Tova" ("a good writing and sealing [of judgement]"), meaning that the person should be written and sealed in the Book of Life for a good year. Tradition teaches that on Rosh Hashanah, each person is written down for a good or a poor year, based on their actions in the previous one, and their sincere efforts at atoning for mistakes or harm. On Yom Kippur, that fate is "sealed."
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Elul in Jewish history
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
Etymology[edit]
The name of the month Elul, like the names of the rest of the Hebrew calendar months, was brought from the Babylonian Exile, and originated from the Akkadian word for "Harvest". A similar month name was also used in Akkadian, in the form elūlu. * Eylül is also the name for September in Turkish; this is derived from the Arabic form Arabic: أيلول 'Aylūl, used in the Levant (see Arabic names of calendar months). It was also used in Akkadian, in the form elūlu.
Elul in Jewish history[edit]
1 Elul - Moses ascends Sinai for 3rd 40 days (1313 BCE)
1 Elul - The Prophet Haggai commands that the rebuilding of the Second Temple continue (520 BCE)
2 Elul - Shulchan Aruch published (1555)
3 Elul - Death of Rabbi A. I. Kook (1935)
5 Elul - Ezekiel the prophet has a prophecy of the destruction of the first temple
10 Elul - Noah dispatches raven (2105 BCE)
12 Elul - Birth of Nachmanides (1294)
13 Elul - Death of Ben Ish Chai (1909)
17 Elul - Noah dispatches dove (2105 BCE)
18 Elul - Death of Maharal (1609)
18 Elul - Birth of Baal Shem Tov (1698)
18 Elul - Birth of rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1745)
23 Elul - Dove brings olive Leaf to Noah (2105 BCE)
23 Elul - Death of Aleksander Rebbe, Yitzchak Menachem Danziger, in Treblinka (1942)
24 Elul - Death of Chafetz Chaim (1933)
25 Elul - The 1st day of Creation (3761 BCE)
25 Elul - Jerusalem Walls Rebuilt (335 BCE)
25 Elul - Death of Eleazar b. Simeon, son of Rabbi Shimon Bar Yochai (2nd century CE)
27 Elul - Death of Belzer Rebbe (1855)
29 Elul - Birth of Tzemach Tzedek (1789)
See also[edit]
High Holidays
Repentance in Judaism
Rosh Hashanah
Rosh Hashanah LaBehema
Song of Songs
Yom Kippur
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Suissa, David (21 August 2013). "Love in the time of Elul". Jewish Journal. Retrieved 22 August 2013.
External links[edit]
Dates of Elul
Resources on the Month of Elul
The month of Elul
An indepth discussion of the tradition of hearing shofar on Elul, plus meditations on the sound of shofar for each day of the month, can be found at The Shofar of Elul
Jewels of Elul A reading for each day of Elul from a diverse background of Jewish sources.
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Jewish and Israeli holidays 2000–2050
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text:
Lee Thompson Young
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Lee Thompson Young
Young in Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles (2008)
Born
(1984-02-01)February 1, 1984
Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.
Died
August 19, 2013(2013-08-19) (aged 29)
Los Angeles, California
Cause of death
Multiple gunshot suicide
Resting place
Lakeview Memorial Gardens
York, South Carolina
Occupation
Actor
Years active
1998–2013
Lee Thompson Young (February 1, 1984 – August 19, 2013) was an American actor. He was known for his teenage role as the title character on the Disney Channel television series The Famous Jett Jackson (1998–2001) and as Chris Comer in the movie Friday Night Lights (2004). His last starring role was as Boston police detective Barry Frost on the TNT police drama series Rizzoli & Isles (2010–14).
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 Personal life
4 Death
5 Filmography
6 Accolades
7 References
8 External links
Early life
Young was born in Columbia, South Carolina, the son of Velma Elaine (née Love) and Tommy Scott Young.[1][2] He was in the second grade when his parents' marriage ended, and he went to live with his mother. At age ten, he portrayed Martin Luther King in a play called A Night of Stars and Dreams by Dwight Woods, and the Phillis Wheatley Repertory Theater of Greenville, South Carolina.[3] It was then that Young decided he wanted to become an actor.
Career
Young moved to New York City in June 1996, but it was not until the next year that he auditioned for the part of Jett Jackson in The Famous Jett Jackson. He filmed the pilot and found out in June 1998 from the Disney Channel that the show had been picked up; it later went on to become a Disney Channel Original Movie in June 2001. Young also starred in Johnny Tsunami (1999), another Disney Channel Original Movie, as Sam Sterling. The movie was successful, but he did not reprise the role in the sequel, Johnny Kapahala: Back on Board (2007).
After the cancellation of The Famous Jett Jackson, Young had guest spots in the CBS series The Guardian. He also had a part in the movie Friday Night Lights (2004), portraying Chris Comer, and a part in the Jamie Foxx movie Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story (2004). Lee appeared on UPN's TV drama series South Beach, and he portrayed Victor Stone (known in DC Comics as Cyborg) in a fifth-season episode of the television series Smallville, in 2006; which character he reprised in the Season Six episode "Justice" (airdate January 18, 2007), and again in the Season Nine finale "Salvation" (airdate May 14, 2010).
Young appeared in the feature film Akeelah and the Bee (2006), playing Akeelah's brother Devon. He played National Guard rookie, Delmar, in The Hills Have Eyes 2 (2007). In 2009, Young played a cocky surgical intern in the hit comedy show Scrubs. It is revealed that his character was an overweight child. The character becomes involved in a romance with one of the medical interns.
Young played the role of Al Gough, an FBI agent, in the ABC television drama FlashForward. He was written off the show in episode 7, when his character committed suicide to prevent the death of an innocent civilian. His last acting role was playing Barry Frost, partner of Jane Rizzoli (Angie Harmon) on the TNT drama Rizzoli & Isles, and he made an appearance on the Fox drama The Good Guys as the brother and business partner of an arms dealer.
Personal life
Young graduated with Honors from the University of Southern California, where he majored in Cinematic Arts and was a member of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. Young enjoyed writing and wrote the screenplay for the 2007 short film Mano.[4]
Death
On August 19, 2013, Young failed to show up for filming an episode of Rizzoli & Isles.[5] Police were called to do a well-being check on him at his Los Angeles apartment, where he was found dead.[1] His manager stated the actor had committed suicide.[6][7] Police confirmed the cause of death as a self-inflicted gunshot wound.[8] Young had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, for which he had been taking medication, and had been suffering from depression before his death.[9]
After funeral services at Inglewood Park Cemetery, Young was interred at Lakeview Memorial Garden, York, South Carolina.[10] A three-hour memorial service was held on the Paramount Studios lot.[11]
Young's family launched the Lee Thompson Young Foundation in an effort to help remove the stigma surrounding mental illness.[12]
Filmography
Film
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2004 Friday Night Lights Chris Comer
2006 Akeelah and the Bee Devon Anderson
2007 Hills Have Eyes 2, TheThe Hills Have Eyes 2 Delmar
2007 Mano Machito Short film
2010 Bastard Passenger 1 Short film
2012 Just an American Curtiss Jackson
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1998–2001 Famous Jett Jackson, TheThe Famous Jett Jackson Jett Jackson / Silverstone Lead role (65 episodes)
1999 Johnny Tsunami Sam Sterling Movie
2001 Jett Jackson: The Movie Jett Jackson / Silverstone Movie
2002 Philly Steven Hicks Episode: "There's No Business Like No Business"
2002 Guardian, TheThe Guardian Levi Mooney 5 episodes
2003 Jake 2.0 Prince Malik Namir Episode: "The Prince and the Revolution"
2003 The Jersey Himself Episode: "Origins: Part 2"
2004 Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story Charles Becnel Movie
2004 Proud Family, TheThe Proud Family Teen Bebe (voice) Episode: "Twins to Tweens"
2004–2005 Xiaolin Showdown Jermaine (voice) 2 episodes
2005 Kevin Hill Levi Episode: "Homeland Insecurity"
2006 South Beach Alex Bauer 5 episodes
2006–07,
2010 Smallville Victor Stone/Cyborg 3 episodes
2008 Five Year Plan Mutabi Movie
2008 Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles Agent Stewart Episode: "Heavy Metal"
2009 Scrubs Derek 3 episodes
2009 Lincoln Heights Julian Episode: "Bully for You"
2009–2010 FlashForward Al Gough 8 episodes
2010 Good Guys, TheThe Good Guys Eric Williams Episode: "Small Rooms"
2010–2014 Rizzoli & Isles Det. Barry Frost Main role (56 episodes)
2010 Event, TheThe Event Corporal Bell 2 episodes
2012 CSI: NY Kelvin Moore Episode: "Unwrapped"
Accolades
Year
Association
Category
Nominated work
Result
1999 Young Artist Awards Best Performance in a TV Drama or Comedy Series – Leading Young Actor The Famous Jett Jackson Nominated
2000 Best Performance in a TV Comedy Series – Leading Young Actor Nominated
2001 Best Performance in a TV Drama Series – Leading Young Actor Nominated
Gemini Awards Best Performance in a Children's or Youth Program or Series Nominated
References
^ Jump up to: a b Holleman, Joey (August 19, 2013). "Columbia native turned TV star takes own life". The State. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Lee Thompson Young Biography (1984-)". Film Reference. Advameg, Inc. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Lee Thompson Young: Brilliant young actor and a gentle soul". The Sydney Morning Herald. August 20, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ "''Mano'' (2008), a film by Brad Tiemann". Cinema.theiapolis.com. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Elber, Lynn (August 19, 2013). "Actor Lee Thompson Young found dead at age 29". The Las Vegas Sun.
Jump up ^ "Lee Thompson Young Ex-Disney Superstar Dead". TMZ. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ Freydkin, Donna (August 19, 2013). "Lee Thompson Young found dead". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved August 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ Woo, Kelly (August 19, 2013). "Former Disney Channel Star Lee Thompson Young Found Dead". Yahoo!. Retrieved August 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ Nancy Dillon (October 8, 2013). "Lee Thompson Young suffered from bipolar disorder before suicide: coroner's report". The New York Daily News.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Zach (September 4, 2013). "Lee Thompson Young's Death Certificate Released, Suicide Confirmed". E!.
Jump up ^ "Angie Harmon in Tears at Lee Thompson Young Memorial".
Jump up ^ "Family breaks silence on actor Lee Thompson Young's suicide". wistv.com. Franklin Media and WISTV. Retrieved February 3, 2016.
External links
Lee Thompson Young on IMDb
Lee Thompson Young at Find a Grave
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 31745664
LCCN: no2006031366
ISNI: 0000 0000 8110 6675
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lee_Thompson_Young&oldid=809678514"
Categories:
1984 births
2013 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male actors who committed suicide
Male actors from South Carolina
African-American male actors
American male child actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
Actors from Columbia, South Carolina
Suicides by firearm in California
USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni
Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery
People with bipolar disorder
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Independence Day (United States)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Fourth of July" and "4th of July" redirect here. For the date, see July 4. For other uses, see Independence Day (disambiguation). For other related material, see Fourth of July (disambiguation).
Independence Day
Displays of fireworks, such as these over the Washington Monument in 1986, take place across the United States on Independence Day.
Also called
The Fourth of July
Observed by
United States
Type
National
Significance
The day in 1776 that the Declaration of Independence was adopted by the Continental Congress
Celebrations
Fireworks, family reunions, concerts, barbecues, picnics, parades, baseball games
Date
July 4
Next time
July 4, 2018 (2018-07-04)
Frequency
Annual
Independence Day, also referred to as the Fourth of July or July Fourth, is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies regarded themselves as a new nation, the United States of America, and were no longer part of the British Empire.[1] The Congress actually voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2.[1]
Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, and political speeches and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the National Day of the United States.[2][3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Observance
3 Customs
4 Celebration gallery
5 Notable celebrations
6 Other countries
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Background
During the American Revolution, the legal separation of the Thirteen Colonies from Great Britain in 1776 actually occurred on July 2, when the Second Continental Congress voted to approve a resolution of independence that had been proposed in June by Richard Henry Lee of Virginia declaring the United States independent from Great Britain rule.[5][6] After voting for independence, Congress turned its attention to the Declaration of Independence, a statement explaining this decision, which had been prepared by a Committee of Five, with Thomas Jefferson as its principal author. Congress debated and revised the wording of the Declaration, finally approving it two days later on July 4. A day earlier, John Adams had written to his wife Abigail:
The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. I am apt to believe that it will be celebrated by succeeding generations as the great anniversary festival. It ought to be commemorated as the day of deliverance, by solemn acts of devotion to God Almighty. It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forever more.[7]
Adams's prediction was off by two days. From the outset, Americans celebrated independence on July 4, the date shown on the much-publicized Declaration of Independence, rather than on July 2, the date the resolution of independence was approved in a closed session of Congress.[8]
Historians have long disputed whether members of Congress signed the Declaration of Independence on July 4, even though Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin all later wrote that they had signed it on that day. Most historians have concluded that the Declaration was signed nearly a month after its adoption, on August 2, 1776, and not on July 4 as is commonly believed.[9][10][11][12][13]
Coincidentally, both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, the only signers of the Declaration of Independence later to serve as Presidents of the United States, died on the same day: July 4, 1826, which was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration. Although not a signer of the Declaration of Independence, James Monroe, another Founding Father who was elected as President, also died on July 4, 1831. He was the third President in a row who died on the anniversary of independence. Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President, was born on July 4, 1872; so far he is the only U.S. President to have been born on Independence Day.
Observance
In 1777, thirteen gunshots were fired in salute, once at morning and once again as evening fell, on July 4 in Bristol, Rhode Island. Philadelphia celebrated the first anniversary in a manner a modern American would find familiar: an official dinner for the Continental Congress, toasts, 13-gun salutes, speeches, prayers, music, parades, troop reviews, and fireworks. Ships in port were decked with red, white, and blue bunting.[14]
In 1778, from his headquarters at Ross Hall, near New Brunswick, New Jersey, General George Washington marked July 4 with a double ration of rum for his soldiers and an artillery salute (feu de joie). Across the Atlantic Ocean, ambassadors John Adams and Benjamin Franklin held a dinner for their fellow Americans in Paris, France.[15]
American children of many ethnic backgrounds celebrate noisily in 1902 Puck cartoon
In 1779, July 4 fell on a Sunday. The holiday was celebrated on Monday, July 5.[15]
In 1781, the Massachusetts General Court became the first state legislature to recognize July 4 as a state celebration.[15]
In 1783, Moravians in Salem, North Carolina, held a celebration of July 4 with a challenging music program assembled by Johann Friedrich Peter. This work was titled The Psalm of Joy. This is recognized as the first recorded celebration[clarification needed] and is still celebrated there today.[16]
In 1870, the U.S. Congress made Independence Day an unpaid holiday for federal employees.[17]
In 1938, Congress changed Independence Day to a paid federal holiday.[18]
Customs
An 1825 invitation to an Independence Day celebration
Fireworks on Independence Day in Goleta, California.
Independence Day is a national holiday marked by patriotic displays. Similar to other summer-themed events, Independence Day celebrations often take place outdoors. Independence Day is a federal holiday, so all non-essential federal institutions (such as the postal service and federal courts) are closed on that day. Many politicians make it a point on this day to appear at a public event to praise the nation's heritage, laws, history, society, and people.
Families often celebrate Independence Day by hosting or attending a picnic or barbecue; many take advantage of the day off and, in some years, a long weekend to gather with relatives or friends. Decorations (e.g., streamers, balloons, and clothing) are generally colored red, white, and blue, the colors of the American flag. Parades are often held in the morning, before family get-togethers, while fireworks displays occur in the evening after dark at such places as parks, fairgrounds, or town squares.
The night before the Fourth was once the focal point of celebrations, marked by raucous gatherings often incorporating bonfires as their centerpiece. In New England, towns competed to build towering pyramids, assembled from barrels and casks. They were lit at nightfall, to usher in the celebration. The highest were in Salem, Massachusetts (on Gallows Hill, the famous site of the execution of 13 women and 6 men for witchcraft in 1692 during the Salem witch trials), where the tradition of celebratory bonfires had persisted, with pyramids composed of as many as forty tiers of barrels. These made the tallest bonfires ever recorded. The custom flourished in the 19th and 20th centuries, and is still practiced in some New England towns.[19]
Independence Day fireworks are often accompanied by patriotic songs such as the national anthem "The Star-Spangled Banner", "God Bless America", "America the Beautiful," "My Country, 'Tis of Thee," "This Land Is Your Land," "Stars and Stripes Forever," and, regionally, "Yankee Doodle" in northeastern states and "Dixie" in southern states. Some of the lyrics recall images of the Revolutionary War or the War of 1812.
Independence Day Parade in Washington, D.C.
Firework shows are held in many states, and many fireworks are sold for personal use or as an alternative to a public show. Safety concerns have led some states to ban fireworks or limit the sizes and types allowed. In addition, local and regional weather conditions may dictate whether the sale or use of fireworks in an area will be allowed. Some local or regional firework sales are limited or prohibited because of dry weather or other specific concerns. On these occasions the public may be prohibited from purchasing or discharging fireworks, but professional displays (such as those at sports events) may still take place, if certain safety precautions have been taken.
A salute of one gun for each state in the United States, called a "salute to the union," is fired on Independence Day at noon by any capable military base.[20]
In 2009, New York City had the largest fireworks display in the country, with more than 22 tons of pyrotechnics exploded.[21] It generally holds displays in the East River. Other major displays are in Chicago on Lake Michigan; in San Diego over Mission Bay; in Boston on the Charles River; in St. Louis on the Mississippi River; in San Francisco over the San Francisco Bay; and on the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
During the annual Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival, Detroit, Michigan hosts one of the world's largest fireworks displays, over the Detroit River, to celebrate Independence Day in conjunction with Windsor, Ontario's celebration of Canada Day.
The first week of July is typically one of the busiest United States travel periods of the year, as many people use what is often a three-day holiday weekend for extended vacation trips.[22]
Celebration gallery
In addition to a fireworks show, Miami, Florida lights one of its tallest buildings with the patriotic red, white and blue color scheme on Independence Day
New York City's fireworks display, shown above over the East Village, is sponsored by Macy's and is the largest[21] in the country
Play media
Patriotic trailer shown in theaters celebrating July 4, 1940
A festively decorated Independence day cake.
Lakes are a popular destination for Fourth of July celebrations in the midwest.
Notable celebrations
Originally entitled Yankee Doodle, this is one of several versions of a scene painted by A. M. Willard that came to be known as The Spirit of '76. Often imitated or parodied, it is a familiar symbol of American patriotism
Held since 1785, the Bristol Fourth of July Parade in Bristol, Rhode Island is the oldest continuous Independence Day celebration in the United States.
Since 1868, Seward, Nebraska has held a celebration on the same town square. In 1979 Seward was designated "America's Official Fourth of July City-Small Town USA" by resolution of Congress. Seward has also been proclaimed "Nebraska's Official Fourth of July City" by Governor James Exon in proclamation. Seward is a town of 6,000 but swells to 40,000+ during the July 4 celebrations.[23]
Since 1912, the Rebild Society, a Danish-American friendship organization, has held a July 4 weekend festival that serves as a homecoming for Danish-Americans in the Rebild municipality of Denmark.[24]
Since 1959, the International Freedom Festival is jointly held in Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario during the last week of June each year as a mutual celebration of Independence Day and Canada Day (July 1). It culminates in a large fireworks display over the Detroit River.
The famous Macy's fireworks display usually held over the East River in New York City has been televised nationwide on NBC since 1976. In 2009, the fireworks display was returned to the Hudson River for the first time since 2000 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of Henry Hudson's exploration of that river.[25]
The Boston Pops Orchestra has hosted a music and fireworks show over the Charles River Esplanade called the "Boston Pops Fireworks Spectacular" annually since 1973.[26] The event was broadcast nationally from 1991 until 2002 on A&E, and since 2002 by CBS and its Boston station WBZ-TV. WBZ/1030 and WBZ-TV broadcast the entire event locally, and from 2002 through 2012, CBS broadcast the final hour of the concert nationally in primetime. The national broadcast was put on hiatus beginning in 2013, which Pops executive producer David G. Mugar believed was the result of decreasing viewership caused by NBC's encore presentation of the Macy's fireworks.[27][28] The national broadcast will be revived for 2016, and expanded to two hours.[29]
On the Capitol lawn in Washington, D.C., A Capitol Fourth, a free concert broadcast live by PBS, NPR and the American Forces Network, precedes the fireworks and attracts over half a million people annually.
Other countries
The Philippines celebrates July 4 as its Republic Day to commemorate that day in 1946 when it ceased to be a U.S. territory and the United States officially recognized Philippine Independence.[30] July 4 was intentionally chosen by the United States because it corresponds to its Independence Day, and this day was observed in the Philippines as Independence Day until 1962. In 1964, the name of the July 4 holiday was changed to Republic Day. In Rwanda, July 4 is an official holiday known as Liberation Day, commemorating the end of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide in which the U.S. government also played a role. Rebild National Park in Denmark is said to hold the largest July 4 celebrations outside of the United States.[31]
See also
Holidays portal
United States portal
1776 (musical)
Constitution Day (United States)
To the Fourth of July (1898), poem
"What to a slave is the 4th of July?" – 1852 Frederick Douglass speech
References
^ Jump up to: a b "What is Independence Day in USA?". Tech Notes. July 2, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "National Days of Countries". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade. New Zealand. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Central Intelligence Agency. "National Holiday". The World Factbook. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ "National Holiday of Member States". United Nations. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Becker, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Staff writer (July 1, 1917). "How Declaration of Independence was Drafted" (PDF). New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2009. On the following day, when the formal vote of Congress was taken, the resolutions were approved by twelve Colonies–all except New York. The original Colonies, therefore, became the United States of America on July 2, 1776.
Jump up ^ "Letter from John Adams to Abigail Adams, 3 July 1776, 'Had a Declaration…'". Adams Family Papers. Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Maier, Pauline (August 7, 1997). "Making Sense of the Fourth of July". American Heritage. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Burnett, Edward Cody (1941). The Continental Congress. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 191–96. ISBN 1104991853.
Jump up ^ Warren, Charles (July 1945). "Fourth of July Myths". William and Mary Quarterly. 3d. 2 (3): 238–272.
Jump up ^ "Top 5 Myths About the Fourth of July!". History News Network. George Mason University. June 30, 2001. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ Becker, pp. 184–85.
Jump up ^ For the minority scholarly argument that the Declaration was signed on July 4, see Wilfred J. Ritz, "The Authentication of the Engrossed Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776", Law and History Review 4, no. 1 (Spring 1986): 179–204, via JSTOR.
Jump up ^ Heintze, "The First Celebrations".
^ Jump up to: a b c Heintze, "A Chronology of Notable Fourth of July Celebration Occurrences".
Jump up ^ [1] Archived July 22, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Heintze, "How the Fourth of July was Designated as an 'Official' Holiday".
Jump up ^ Heintze, "Federal Legislation Establishing the Fourth of July Holiday".
Jump up ^ "The Night Before the Fourth". The Atlantic. July 1, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Origin of the 21-Gun Salute". U.S. Army Center of Military History. October 3, 2003. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Biggest fireworks show in U.S. lights up sky, USA Today, July 2009.
Jump up ^ "AAA Chicago Projects Increase in Fourth of July Holiday Travelers", PR Newswire, 23 June 2010
Jump up ^ "History of Seward Nebraska 4th of July".
Jump up ^ "History". Rebild Society. Rebild National Park Society. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
Jump up ^ "2009 Macy's 4th of July Fireworks". Federated Department Stores. April 29, 2009. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Welcome to Boston's 4th of July Celebration". Boston 4 Celebrations Foundation. 2009. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. Retrieved July 4, 2009.
Jump up ^ James H. Burnett III. Boston gets a nonreality show: CBS broadcasts impossible views of 4th fireworks. Boston Globe, July 8, 2011
Jump up ^ Powers, Martine; Moskowitz, Eric (June 15, 2013). "July 4 fireworks gala loses its national pop". The Boston Globe. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "With CBS on board again, Keith Lockhart is ready to take over prime time". Boston Herald. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Philippine Republic Day, Official Gazette (Philippines), retrieved July 5, 2012
Jump up ^ Lindsey Galloway (Jul 3, 2012). "Celebrate American independence in Denmark".
Further reading
Becker, Carl L. (1922). The Declaration of Independence: A Study in the History of Political Ideas. New York: Harcourt, Brace. ISBN 0-394-70060-0. Retrieved June 28, 2009.
Criblez, Adam (2013). Parading Patriotism: Independence Day Celebrations in the Urban Midwest, 1826–1876. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press.
Heintze, James R. "Fourth of July Celebrations Database". American University of Washington, D.C. Retrieved February 10, 2015.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Independence Day (United States).
Fourth of July Is Independence Day USA.gov, July 4, 2014
U.S. Independence Day a Civic and Social Event U.S. State Department, June 22, 2010
The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro by Frederick Douglass
Fourth of July Orations Collection at the Division of Special Collections, Archives, and Rare Books, Ellis Library, University of Missouri
The Fourth of July, Back in the Day – slideshow by Life magazine
Fourth of July 2015 Fireworks in New York City on Youtube

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