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1908 World Series
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1908 World Series
Team (Wins)
Manager(s) Season
Chicago Cubs (4)
Frank Chance (player/manager) 99–55, .643, GA: 1
Detroit Tigers (1)
Hughie Jennings 90–63, .588, GA:  1⁄2
Dates
October 10–14
Umpires
Jack Sheridan (AL), Hank O'Day (NL), odd-numbered games; Bill Klem (NL), Tommy Connolly (AL), even-numbered games
Hall of Famers
Umpires: Tommy Connolly, Bill Klem, Hank O'Day.
Cubs: Mordecai Brown, Frank Chance, Johnny Evers, Joe Tinker.
Tigers: Sam Crawford, Ty Cobb.
Broadcast
← 1907 World Series 1909 →
The 1908 World Series matched the defending champion Chicago Cubs against the Detroit Tigers in a rematch of the 1907 Series. In this first-ever rematch of this young event, the Cubs won in five games for their second consecutive World Series title.
The 1908 World Series was significant for being the last World Series championship the Cubs would win until the 2016 World Series (108 years later). Before the 2016 series, the team would go on to appear in seven World Series; in 1910, 1918, 1929, 1932, 1935, 1938, and 1945, losing each time. The Cubs had been one of baseball's most dominant teams in the early 1900s. This was the year of the infamous "Merkle's Boner" play that allowed the Chicago Cubs to reach the World Series after beating the New York Giants (now the San Francisco Giants) in a one-game "playoff", actually the makeup game for the tie that the Merkle play had caused.
The Series was anti-climactic after tight pennant races in both leagues. Ty Cobb had a much better World Series than in the previous year, as did the rest of his team. The final two games, held in Detroit, were shutouts. This was also the most poorly attended World Series in history, with the final game drawing a record-low 6,210 fans. Attendance in Chicago was harmed by a ticket-scalping scheme that fans accused the club's owner of participating in, and the World Series was boycotted to some degree.
For the first time, four umpires were used in the series, in alternating two-man teams.
Contents
[hide]
1 Summary
2 Matchups
2.1 Game 1
2.2 Game 2
2.3 Game 3
2.4 Game 4
2.5 Game 5
3 Composite line score
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Summary[edit]
NL Chicago Cubs (4) vs. AL Detroit Tigers (1)
Game
Date
Score
Location
Time
Attendance
1 October 10 Chicago Cubs – 10, Detroit Tigers – 6 Bennett Park 2:10 10,812[1]
2 October 11 Detroit Tigers – 1, Chicago Cubs – 6 West Side Grounds 1:30 17,760[2]
3 October 12 Detroit Tigers – 8, Chicago Cubs – 3 West Side Grounds 2:10 14,543[3]
4 October 13 Chicago Cubs – 3, Detroit Tigers – 0 Bennett Park 1:35 12,907[4]
5 October 14 Chicago Cubs – 2, Detroit Tigers – 0 Bennett Park 1:25 6,210[5]
Matchups[edit]
Game 1[edit]
Saturday, October 10, 1908, at Bennett Park in Detroit, Michigan
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E
Chicago 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 0 5 10 14 2
Detroit 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 6 10 3
WP: Mordecai Brown (1–0) LP: Ed Summers (0–1)
With Detroit leading 6–5 in the top of the ninth after finally coming from behind with two runs in the bottom of the eighth, the Cubs broke out with six straight one-out singles against Ed Summers, scoring five times and winning the first game just as they had forced a tie in the first game of the 1907 Series by coming from behind with two runs in the ninth.
Game 2[edit]
Sunday, October 11, 1908, at West Side Grounds in Chicago
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E
Detroit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 4 1
Chicago 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 X 6 7 0
WP: Orval Overall (1–0) LP: Wild Bill Donovan (0–1)
Home runs:
DET: None
CHC: Joe Tinker (1)
A scoreless tie in the bottom of the eighth came to an end when Joe Tinker's two-run homer launched a six-run Cub outburst. Orval Overall's complete-game win took just 90 minutes.
Game 3[edit]
Monday, October 12, 1908, at West Side Grounds in Chicago, Illinois
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E
Detroit 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 2 0 8 12 4
Chicago 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 7 0
WP: George Mullin (1–0) LP: Jack Pfiester (0–1)
It was in this game that Ty Cobb enjoyed the finest World Series outing he ever had. The 21-year-old Georgian rapped three singles and a double in five at-bats, and stole two bases. In the top of the ninth, he singled and promptly stole second and third, but then the hyped-up boy wonder pressed his luck and was thrown out trying to steal home. This was the only Tiger win in their back-to-back first two World Series losses to the Cubs.
Game 4[edit]
Tuesday, October 13, 1908, at Bennett Park in Detroit, Michigan
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E
Chicago 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 10 0
Detroit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1
WP: Mordecai Brown (2–0) LP: Ed Summers (0–2)
This one was over in 95 minutes. RBI singles by Harry Steinfeldt and Solly Hofman in the third inning gave Mordecai Brown all the support he'd need.
Game 5[edit]
Wednesday, October 14, 1908, at Bennett Park in Detroit, Michigan
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E
Chicago 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 10 0
Detroit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0
WP: Orval Overall (2–0) LP: Wild Bill Donovan (0–2)
The attendance during this last game of the 1908 World Series (6,210) was the smallest crowd in Series history.
Boss Schmidt, who made the last out of the 1907 Series with a popup to short, also made the last out of this Series with a feeble catcher-to-first groundout.
This was also the first World Series game in which neither team committed an error.
The Cubs would not win another World Series title until finally reclaiming the crown in 2016.
Composite line score[edit]
1908 World Series (4–1): Chicago Cubs (N.L.) over Detroit Tigers (A.L.)
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E
Chicago Cubs 1 0 6 3 1 0 1 6 6 24 48 2
Detroit Tigers 2 0 0 0 0 5 3 4 1 15 33 9
Total attendance: 62,232 Average attendance: 12,446
Winning player's share: $1,318 Losing player's share: $870[6]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "1908 World Series Game 1 – Chicago Cubs vs. Detroit Tigers". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "1908 World Series Game 2 – Detroit Tigers vs. Chicago Cubs". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "1908 World Series Game 3 – Detroit Tigers vs. Chicago Cubs". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "1908 World Series Game 4 – Chicago Cubs vs. Detroit Tigers". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "1908 World Series Game 5 – Chicago Cubs vs. Detroit Tigers". Retrosheet. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ "World Series Gate Receipts and Player Shares". Baseball Almanac. Retrieved June 14, 2009.
References[edit]
Cohen, Richard M.; Neft, David S. (1990). The World Series: Complete Play-By-Play of Every Game, 1903–1989. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 23–26. ISBN 0-312-03960-3.
Reichler, Joseph (1982). The Baseball Encyclopedia (5th ed.). Macmillan Publishing. p. 2116. ISBN 0-02-579010-2.
External links[edit]
1908 World Series at WorldSeries.com (MLB.com)
1908 World Series at Baseball Almanac
1908 World Series at Baseball-Reference.com
The 1908 Post-Season Games (box scores and play-by-play) at Retrosheet
History of the World Series - 1908 at The SportingNews. Archived from the original on 2008.
[show]
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[show]
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Chicago Cubs 1908 World Series champions
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text:
My Cousin Vinny
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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My Cousin Vinny
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Jonathan Lynn
Produced by
Dale Launer
Paul Schiff
Written by
Dale Launer
Starring
Joe Pesci
Ralph Macchio
Marisa Tomei
Mitchell Whitfield
Fred Gwynne
Music by
Randy Edelman
Cinematography
Peter Deming
Edited by
Stephen E. Rivkin
Production
company
Palo Vista Productions
Peter V. Miller Investment Corp.
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
March 13, 1992 (1992-03-13)
Running time
119 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$11 million
Box office
$64.1 million[2]
My Cousin Vinny is a 1992 American comedy film written by Dale Launer and directed by Jonathan Lynn. The film stars Joe Pesci, Ralph Macchio, Marisa Tomei, Mitchell Whitfield, Lane Smith, Bruce McGill, and Fred Gwynne. This was Gwynne's final film appearance before his death on July 2, 1993.
The film deals with two young New Yorkers traveling through rural Alabama who are arrested and put on trial for a murder they did not commit and the comical attempts of a cousin, Vincent Gambini, a lawyer fresh out of law school, to defend them. Much of the humor comes from the contrasting personalities of the brash Italian-American New Yorkers, Vinny and his fiancée Mona Lisa, and the more reserved Southern townspeople.
Lawyers have praised the movie's realistic depiction of courtroom procedure and trial strategy. Pesci, Gwynne, and Tomei all received critical praise for their performances, and Tomei won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Release
3.1 Box office
3.2 Critical reception
4 Proposed film sequel
5 Novel sequel series
6 Album
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Driving through Alabama in their 1964 Buick Skylark convertible, Billy Gambini and Stan Rothenstein, college students from New York who just got scholarships to UCLA, shop at a convenience store and accidentally shoplift a can of tuna. After they leave, the store clerk is robbed and killed, and Billy and Stan are arrested for the murder. Due to circumstantial evidence and a confession to the shoplifting that is misconstrued as one to the shooting, Billy is charged with murder, and Stan as an accessory. Billy's mother tells him there is an attorney in the family: his cousin Vinny. Vincent LaGuardia Gambini travels there, accompanied by his fiancée, Mona Lisa Vito. Although he is willing to take the case, Vinny is a personal injury lawyer from Brooklyn, newly admitted to the bar, and with no trial experience.
Vinny manages to fool the trial judge, Chamberlain Haller, about being experienced enough for the case. His ignorance of basic courtroom procedures, dress code, and his abrasive attitude cause the judge to repeatedly hold him in contempt. Much to his clients' consternation, Vinny does not cross-examine any of the witnesses in the preliminary hearing. Except for lack of a murder weapon, it appears that the district attorney, Jim Trotter III, has a strong case that will lead to convictions. After Vinny's poor showing at the hearing, Stan fires him and uses the public defender, John Gibbons, and nearly convinces Billy to do the same.
Despite his missteps, Vinny shows that he is able to make up for his inexperience with an aggressive and perceptive questioning style. Vinny quickly discredits the testimony of the first three witnesses, and Billy and Stan's faith is restored.
On the trial's third day, Trotter produces a surprise witness, FBI analyst George Wilbur, who testifies that the pattern and chemical analysis of the tire marks left at the crime scene are identical to the tires on Billy's Buick. With only the lunch recess to prepare his cross-examination and unable to come up with a strong line of questioning, Vinny lashes out at Lisa. However, Vinny realizes that one of Lisa's photos holds the key to the case: the flat and even tire marks going over the curb reveal that Billy's car could not have been used for the getaway.
After requesting a records search from the local sheriff, Vinny drags Lisa into court to testify as an expert witness. During Vinny's questioning, Lisa testifies that only a car with an independent rear suspension and positraction could have made the tire marks; and the only one that could be mistaken for Billy's 1964 Buick Skylark is a 1963 Pontiac Tempest with the same color and tires. Vinny re-calls George Wilbur, who confirms this. Vinny then re-calls the local sheriff, who testifies that two men who fit Billy and Stan's descriptions were just arrested in Georgia for driving a stolen green Pontiac Tempest, and were in possession of a gun of the same caliber used to kill the clerk. Trotter moves to dismiss all charges. The judge congratulates Vinny and, as they drive away, he and Lisa bicker about their wedding plans.
Cast[edit]
Joe Pesci as Vincent LaGuardia “Vinny” Gambini
Marisa Tomei as Mona Lisa Vito
Ralph Macchio as Bill Gambini
Mitchell Whitfield as Stan Rothenstein
Fred Gwynne as Judge Chamberlain Haller
Lane Smith as Jim Trotter III
Bruce McGill as Sheriff Dean Farley
Austin Pendleton as John Gibbons
Chris Ellis as J.T.
James Rebhorn as George Wilbur
Maury Chaykin as Sam Tipton
Paulene Myers as Constance Riley
Raynor Scheine as Ernie Crane
Michael Simpson as Neckbrace
Lou Walker as Grits Cook
Kenny Jones as Jimmy Willis
Release[edit]
Box office[edit]
With a budget of $11 million, My Cousin Vinny was more successful than anticipated, grossing $52,929,168 domestically and $11,159,384 in the foreign markets, bringing its overall total to $64,088,552.[2]
Critical reception[edit]
The film received generally positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 85%, based on 52 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "The deft comic interplay between Joe Pesci and Marisa Tomei helps to elevate My Cousin Vinny's predictable script, and the result is a sharp, hilarious courtroom comedy."[3]
Tomei won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress at the 65th Academy Awards in 1993.[4]
Director Lynn has a law degree from Cambridge University,[5] and lawyers have praised the accuracy of My Cousin Vinny's depiction of courtroom procedure and trial strategy,[6] with one stating that "[t]he movie is close to reality even in its details. Part of why the film has such staying power among lawyers is because, unlike, say, A Few Good Men, everything that happens in the movie could happen—and often does happen—at trial".[7] One legal textbook discusses the film in detail as an "entertaining [and] extremely helpful introduction to the art of presenting expert witnesses at trial for both beginning experts and litigators",[8] and criminal defenders, law professors, and other lawyers use the film to demonstrate voir dire and cross examination.[6]
Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals judge Richard Posner praised My Cousin Vinny[9] as being
particularly rich in practice tips: how a criminal defense lawyer must stand his ground against a hostile judge, even at the cost of exasperating the judge, because the lawyer's primary audience is the jury, not the judge; how cross-examination on peripheral matters can sow serious doubts about a witness's credibility; how props can be used effectively in cross-examination (the tape measure that demolishes one of the prosecution's eyewitnesses); how to voir dire, examine, and cross-examine expert witnesses; the importance of the Brady doctrine ... how to dress for a trial; contrasting methods of conducting a jury trial; and more.
John Marshall Law School professor Alberto Bernabe wrote that "Vinny is terrible at the things we do teach in law school, but very good at the things we don't":[10]
[How to] interview clients, to gather facts, to prepare a theory of a case, to negotiate, to know when to ask a question and when to remain quiet, to cross examine a witness forcefully (but with charm) in order to expose the weaknesses in their testimony
United States Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia cited My Cousin Vinny as an example of the principle that a client can choose his own lawyer.[11] The authors of Reel Justice: The Courtroom Goes to the Movies (2006) gave the film its highest rating along with several films based on real trials, such as Judgment at Nuremberg and Breaker Morant.[12] In 2008 the ABA Journal ranked the film #3 on its list of the "25 Greatest Legal Movies",[4] and in 2010 ranked Pesci's character as #12 on its list of "The 25 Greatest Fictional Lawyers (Who Are Not Atticus Finch)".[13]
Lynn, an opponent of capital punishment, believes that the film expresses an anti-death penalty message without "preaching to people", and demonstrates the unreliability of eyewitness testimony. Lawyers find the film appealing, according to the director, because "there aren't any bad guys", with the judge, prosecutor, and Vinny all seeking justice. Lynn stated that both he and Launer sought to accurately depict the legal process in Vinny, favorably comparing it to Trial and Error, for which he could not make what he believed were necessary changes.[5]
Proposed film sequel[edit]
In an interview on March 14, 2012, the film's screenwriter, Dale Launer, talked about a sequel he had written involving Vincent Gambini practicing law in the United Kingdom. Marisa Tomei dropped out. The studio hired another screenwriter to rework the script without Tomei's character. Eventually, the project was shelved.[14]
Novel sequel series[edit]
In 2017, author Lawrence Kelter began a My Cousin Vinny novel series with Back to Brooklyn, which is intended to be in the spirit of The Thin Man series. With the setting updated to contemporary times, the series depicts the further cases of Vinny Gambini with Mona Lisa operating as his investigator.[15]
Album[edit]
Pesci later reprised the Vincent LaGuardia Gambini character for his 1998 album Vincent LaGuardia Gambini Sings Just for You, which contains the song "Yo, Cousin Vinny." The album cover portrays Pesci in a red suit similar to the usher suit he wore in the film.
See also[edit]
Trial film
Banda Yeh Bindaas Hai
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "MY COUSIN VINNY (15)". British Board of Film Classification. December 24, 1991. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Fox, David J. (1992-05-12). "Weekend Box Office 'Player,' 'Vinny' Show Strength". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-10-27.
Jump up ^ "My Cousin Vinny". Retrieved March 14, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Brust, Richard (2008-08-01). "The 25 Greatest Legal Movies". ABA Journal. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Farr, Nick (2012-03-13). "Abnormal Interviews: My Cousin Vinny Director Jonathan Lynn". Abnormal Use: An Unreasonably Dangerous Products Liability Blog. Gallivan, White & Boyd, P.A. Retrieved June 8, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Tooher, Nora Lockwood (2006-07-31). "The verdict is in: 'My Cousin Vinny' still the winner among criminal defense lawyers". Lawyers USA. Retrieved December 8, 2014. (Subscription required (help)).
Jump up ^ Kennerly, Max (2012-03-14). "Every Young Trial Lawyer Needs To Watch My Cousin Vinny". Litigation & Trial. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ Smith, Fred Chris; Bace, Rebecca Gurley (2003). Guide to Forensic Testimony, A: The Art and Practice of Presenting Testimony As An Expert Technical Witness. Addison-Wesley. pp. 1, 4–13. ISBN 9780201752793.
Jump up ^ Posner, Richard (2009). Law and Literature (3rd ed.). Harvard University Press. pp. 446–447. ISBN 9780674054417.
Jump up ^ Bernabe, Alberto (2013-03-12). "My Cousin Vinny: a story about legal education". Torts Blog. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Supreme Court Justices Mull 'My Cousin Vinny'". Fox News. Associated Press. 2006-04-18. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Turner, George (1996-11-01). "Reel Justice: The Courtroom Goes to the Movies (review)". American Cinematographer. Retrieved August 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 25 Greatest Fictional Lawyers (Who Are Not Atticus Finch)". ABA Journal. August 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Farr, Nick (2012-03-14). "Abnormal Interviews: My Cousin Vinny Screenwriter/Co-Producer Dale Launer". Abnormal Use: An Unreasonably Dangerous Products Liability Blog. Gallivan, White & Boyd, P.A. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
Jump up ^ Harring, Bruce (13 August 2017). "Comedy Classic 'My Cousin Vinny' Updated By New Novel, 'Back To Brooklyn'". Deadline. Retrieved 25 August 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: My Cousin Vinny
My Cousin Vinny on IMDb
My Cousin Vinny at Box Office Mojo
My Cousin Vinny at Rotten Tomatoes
Transcript of the trial proceedings
Goodreads entry for My Cousin Vinny: Back to Brooklyn
[hide]
v
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Films directed by Jonathan Lynn
Clue (1985)
Nuns on the Run (1990)
My Cousin Vinny (1992)
The Distinguished Gentleman (1992)
Greedy (1994)
Sgt. Bilko (1996)
Trial and Error (1997)
The Whole Nine Yards (2000)
The Fighting Temptations (2003)
Wild Target (2010)
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Delicate (Taylor Swift song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Delicate"
Sawyr and Ryan Tedder remix artwork
Single by Taylor Swift
from the album Reputation
Released
March 12, 2018 (2018-03-12)
Format
Digital download
streaming
Genre
Electropop
Length
3:52
Label
Big Machine
Republic
Songwriter(s)
Taylor Swift
Max Martin
Shellback
Producer(s)
Max Martin
Shellback
Taylor Swift singles chronology
"Gorgeous"
(2018) "Delicate"
(2018) "Babe"
(2018)
Music video
"Delicate" on YouTube
"Delicate" is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, for her sixth studio album Reputation (2017). It was released on March 12, 2018, as the album's fifth American single and sixth overall.[1] Swift wrote the song with the producers Max Martin and Shellback. "Delicate" has been labeled as an "electropop love song"[1] with lyrics concerning "what happens when you meet somebody that you really want in your life and then you start worrying about what they've heard before they met you".
Contents
[hide]
1 Writing and composition
2 Music video
2.1 Synopsis
2.2 Vertical video
3 Critical reception
4 Acoustic version
5 Remix
6 Commercial performance
7 Live performances
8 Charts
9 Release history
10 References
11 External links
Writing and composition[edit]
"Delicate" was written by Swift, Max Martin and Shellback, and was produced by the latter two. "Delicate" runs for a duration of three minutes and 52 seconds;[2][3] and it has a tempo of 95 beats per minute. Swift performs it in the key of C major in a vocal range span from G3 to A4.[4] Musically, the track has been described as a "electro-pop love song".[1] The singer used a vocoder to create an "emotional" and "vulnerable" sound for the track. She explains that the song is about "what happens when you meet somebody that you really want in your life and then you start worrying about what they've heard before they met you." Swift went on to call the song "the first point of vulnerability in the record"[5]
Music video[edit]
The video was filmed at the Millennium Biltmore Hotel (above) and the 7th Street/Metro Center station. (below)
The music video for "Delicate" premiered on March 11, 2018 at the 2018 iHeartRadio Music Awards after Swift accepted her award for "Female Artist of the Year". Directed by Joseph Kahn, it was shot in various locations around Los Angeles including the Millennium Biltmore Hotel, the 7th Street/Metro Center station, the Los Angeles Theater and adjacent St. Vincent's Court, and the Golden Gopher bar.[6] It features Swift discovering that she is invisible after a mystery man hands her a note, and is a satire and symbolic of Taylor being herself for the first time, and not caring about how others view her.[7][8] The video gained almost 13 million views in the first 24 hours of release.[9] As of May 2018, the music video has gained over 170 million views on YouTube.[10]
Synopsis[edit]
Swift is seen looking vacant on the red carpet, snapping to attention as hordes of reporters shove microphones at her. A mysterious figure slips a piece of paper into her hands. In a hotel lobby, people turn and stare as she walks by surrounded by four bodyguards. As she tries to take a photo with fans, a bellhop tries to grab her and security drag him away. Swift rolls her eyes and continues to walk with her security team, testing how they mimic her every move.
In a dressing room she makes silly faces in the mirror before being interrupted by a group of women: turning back to the mirror, the piece of paper glows on the counter and she can't see her reflection anymore. Delighted to have freedom, she breaks out into joyful dance all over the hotel, although she gets sad when she realizes she cannot engage in close conversation with a stranger. Swift moves from the hotel into the Los Angeles subway and onto rain-drenched streets. Soaked but happy, she arrives at the dive bar she references in the song, opening the glowing note, seemingly removing her invisibility as she is choosing to reveal herself to some. People turn to look as she comes in, drenched, and she realizes she is no longer invisible - but she smiles as she seems to recognize someone there.
Vertical video[edit]
On March 30, 2018, Swift uploaded an alternate video exclusively to Spotify which was made available for users in the US, UK, Sweden, and Latin America.[11] The video was filmed in one take in a vertical format. It features Swift walking in the woods while singing and also referencing her relationship with Joe Alwyn by "clutching her necklace with a J on the pendant".[12]The video was later released on YouTube on May 16. To date the video has over two million views.
Critical reception[edit]
Geoff Nelson of Consequence of Sound coined the track as one of Reputation's strongest moments, along with "Gorgeous" and "Call It What You Want".[13] Zach Schonfeld of Newsweek called it as "the album's first real moment of vulnerability", and it succeeds by "peeling back all the bravado and EDM aggression of the opening tracks".[14] In another positive review, Roisin O’Connor of The Independent stated that "Taylor Swift produced some of her most honest and direct songwriting to date", and ""Delicate" was one of the best examples of that".[15]
Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone named it the best song of 2017,[16] and was also included in Vanity Fair's The 17 Best Pop Songs of 2017, stating that "even at her most publicly beset, Taylor Swift possesses a secret weapon that separates her from the competition: truly unimpeachable songcraft".[17]
Acoustic version[edit]
The track was re-recorded at The Tracking Room in Nashville for Taylor's installment of the Spotify Singles series.[18] The acoustic version was released on April 13th exclusively on Spotify along with Swift’s cover of Earth, Wind & Fire’s song "September".
Remix[edit]
A remix for the song featuring American musicians Ryan Tedder and Sawyr was released on May 25, 2018. The remix was well received by critics with some stating it better than the original.
Commercial performance[edit]
After its release as a single, "Delicate" debuted at number 84 on the Billboard Hot 100, where it has since peaked at number 34. It also debuted at number 24 on the Adult Contemporary chart, becoming the week's highest ranking debut. It has peaked at number 10 on the Adult Top 40 chart after debuting at number 37. It also debuted at number 32 on the Mainstream Top 40 and peaked at number 14.
In Canada, after the release of Reputation, the song debuted at number 98 on the Canadian Hot 100 falling off the chart the following week. After its release as a single it re-entered the chart at number 44, becoming the fifth consecutive song from Reputation to peak within the top 50 of the chart. The next week it moved to number 38, later peaking at number 34.
The song also debuted at number 87 in the UK, before peaking at number 45. In Australia it debuted at number 56, later peaking at number 28.
Live performances[edit]
The song had its debut performance at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona on May 8, 2018 as part of the setlist for Swift's Reputation Stadium Tour. On May 27, 2018 Swift performed a stripped-down, acoustic version of the song as part of her performance at BBC Radio 1's Biggest Weekend, where she supported herself on the guitar.
Charts[edit]
Chart (2017–18)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[19]
28
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[20]
70
Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[21]
4
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[22]
8
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[23]
34
Canada AC (Billboard)[24]
32
Canada CHR/Top 40 (Billboard)[25]
31
Canada Hot AC (Billboard)[26]
18
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[27]
46
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[28]
31
France (SNEP)[29]
169
Hungary (Stream Top 40)[30]
32
Iceland (RÚV)[31]
3
Ireland (IRMA)[32]
31
Malaysia (RIM)[33]
15
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[34]
33
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [35]
42
Portugal (AFP)[36]
56
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[37]
67
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[38]
44
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[39]
98
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[40]
88
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[41]
45
US Billboard Hot 100[42]
34
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[43]
13
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[44]
10
US Dance/Mix Show Airplay (Billboard)[45]
35
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[46]
14
Venezuela (National-Report)[47]
69
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
United States
March 12, 2018 Hot adult contemporary radio
Big Machine
Republic
[48]
March 13, 2018 Contemporary hit radio [49]
Italy
April 20, 2018 Universal Music Group [50]
United Kingdom
Big Machine
Republic
[51]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Wass, Mike (February 28, 2018). "Taylor Swift Is Releasing "Delicate" As The Next Single From 'Reputation'". Idolator. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "reputation by Taylor Swift on TIDAL". TIDAL. November 10, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kornhaber, Spencer (November 10, 2017). "The Old Taylor Swift Is Hiding Within Reputation". The Atlantic. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Digital Sheet Music – Delicate". Musicnotes.com. Universal Music Publishing Group. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Michaels, Wendy (November 15, 2017). "Taylor Swift's Behind-The-Scenes Video For 'Delicate' Is Making Fans Freak Out". Elite Daily. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Elise (March 12, 2018). "All the Downtown Los Angeles Spots Featured in Taylor Swift's 'Delicate' Music Video". Vogue. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Warner, Denise (March 12, 2018). "Taylor Swift Channels Britney Spears' 'Lucky,' Maddie Ziegler in 'Delicate' Video". Billboard. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Paige, Rachel (March 11, 2018). "Here's the meaning behind the "Delicate" video, because Taylor Swift is finally living her best life". HelloGiggles. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Bradley, Nina. "Fans Can't Stop Comparing Taylor Swift's New Video To This 2016 Perfume Ad". Bustle. Retrieved 2018-03-17.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift - Delicate". YouTube. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift's New Delicate Video Only on Spotify". 29 March 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
Jump up ^ Aniftos, Rania (March 30, 2018). "Taylor Swift Gets Up Close & Personal in 'Delicate' Vertical Video". Billboard. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Nelson, Geoff (November 11, 2017). "Taylor Swift – Reputation". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved November 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ Schonfeld, Zach (November 14, 2017). "TAYLOR SWIFT'S 'REPUTATION': A TRACK-BY-TRACK REVIEW, FROM 'READY FOR IT' TO 'NEW YEAR'S DAY'". Newsweek. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ O’Connor, Roisin (March 12, 2018). "Taylor Swift dances like nobody's watching in 'Delicate' video". Independent. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Sheffield, Rob (December 20, 2017). "Rob Sheffield's Top 25 Songs of 2017". Rolling Stone. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ XIV, DJ Louie (December 4, 2017). "The 17 Best Pop Songs of 2017". Vanity Fair. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Spotify Singles - Taylor Swift". Spotify. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Taylor Swift – Delicate". ARIA Top 50 Singles. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Taylor Swift – Delicate" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved April 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Taylor Swift – Delicate" (in Dutch). Ultratip. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Taylor Swift – Delicate" (in French). Ultratip. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved April 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift Chart History (Canada AC)". Billboard. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift Chart History (Canada CHR/Top 40)". Billboard. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift Chart History (Canada Hot AC)". Billboard. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201820 into search. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201814 into search. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – Taylor Swift – Delicate" (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Stream Top 40 slágerlista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "TOPPLISTINN 26. MAI 2018". RÚV. Archived from the original on May 24, 2018. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Irish-charts.com – Discography Taylor Swift". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 20 Most Streamed International & Domestic Singles in Malaysia" (PDF). Recording Industry Association of Malaysia. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Taylor Swift – Delicate". Top 40 Singles. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Portuguesecharts.com – Taylor Swift – Delicate". AFP Top 100 Singles. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201815 into search. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – Taylor Swift – Delicate". Singles Top 100. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Taylor Swift – Delicate". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift Chart History (Adult Contemporary)". Billboard. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift Chart History (Adult Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift Chart History (Dance Mix/Show Airplay)". Billboard. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Taylor Swift Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Venezuela" (in Spanish). National-Report. Archived from the original on May 14, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Hot/Modern/AC Future Releases". All Access Music Group. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Top 40/M Future Releases". All Access Music Group. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ Ceschi, Isabella (April 20, 2018). "Taylor Swift - Delicate (Radio Date: 20-04-2018)". Universal Music Group. EarOne. Retrieved April 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ "BBC – Radio 1 – Playlist". BBC Radio 1. April 20, 2018. Archived from the original on April 21, 2018. Retrieved April 22, 2018.
External links[edit]
Vertical video on YouTube
[hide]
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Taylor Swift songs
Discography
Taylor Swift
"Tim McGraw"
"Picture to Burn"
"Teardrops on My Guitar"
"Should've Said No"
"Our Song"
Fearless
"Fearless"
"Fifteen"
"Love Story"
"White Horse"
"You Belong with Me"
"Breathe"
"You're Not Sorry"
"Forever & Always"
"Change"
Speak Now
"Mine"
"Sparks Fly"
"Back to December"
"Speak Now"
"Mean"
"The Story of Us"
"Innocent"
"Ours"
"Dear John"
Red
"State of Grace"
"Red"
"I Knew You Were Trouble"
"All Too Well"
"22"
"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together"
"The Last Time"
"Everything Has Changed"
"Begin Again"
1989
"Welcome to New York"
"Blank Space"
"Style"
"Out of the Woods"
"Shake It Off"
"Bad Blood"
"Wildest Dreams"
"Wonderland"
"New Romantics"
Reputation
"...Ready for It?"
"End Game"
"Delicate"
"Look What You Made Me Do"
"Gorgeous"
"Call It What You Want"
"New Year's Day"
Songs as a featured artist
"Two Is Better Than One"
"Half of My Heart"
"Both of Us"
"Highway Don't Care"
"Babe"
Other songs
"Crazier"
"Today Was a Fairytale"
"Safe & Sound"
"Long Live"
"Eyes Open"
"Ronan"
"Sweeter Than Fiction"
"I Don't Wanna Live Forever"
"Best Days of Your Life"
"Better Man"
"This Is What You Came For"
"You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delicate_(Taylor_Swift_song)&oldid=843555543"
Categories:
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Sidney Lanier High School
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Sidney Lanier High School
Address
1756 S. Court Street
Montgomery, Alabama 36104
United States
Coordinates
32°21′22″N 86°18′36″W / 32.356°N 86.310°W / 32.356; -86.310Coordinates: 32°21′22″N 86°18′36″W / 32.356°N 86.310°W / 32.356; -86.310
Information
School type
Public high school
Established
1929
School district
Montgomery Public Schools
Principal
Dr. Antonio Williams
Grades
9-12
Enrollment
1600
Color(s)
Blue and white
Nickname
Poets, big blue, the castle
Website
[1]
Sidney Lanier High School is a public high school located in Montgomery, Alabama, United States.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Notable alumni
3 Academics
4 Athletics
4.1 Lanier-Lee rivalry
4.2 The Lanier dynasty
4.3 Famous players
4.4 Athletics after the Wilson era
5 Alma mater
History[edit]
Established in 1910 on the southern outskirts of downtown Montgomery, Alabama, the school was named for a Southern poet, Sidney Lanier, who lived in Montgomery during 1866–67.
The high school moved to new facilities in 1929 further to the south. The late Gothic Revival building was constructed 1928–1929 to consolidate the original Lanier (then in a building now known as Baldwin Magnet School, formerly Baldwin Junior High School) and Montgomery County High School (now the Cloverdale campus of Huntingdon College, formerly Cloverdale Junior High School).
The name of the new school was decided by the outcome of a football game between the two schools in the fall of 1928, which Lanier won.
Frederick Ausfeld was the architect, and Algernon Blair the contractor. The building opened for class in September 1929 and was dubbed "The Million Dollar School" due to its approximate cost.
The school was desegregated in September 1964. The first blacks graduated in the summer of 1967.
Notable alumni[edit]
The school claims several famous students, including Bart Starr of professional football fame and Toni Tennille of the popular 1970s singing group “Captain and Tennille.” Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald, wife of famous author F. Scott Fitzgerald, and known in her own right, was part of the graduating class of 1918. NFL stars Tommy Neville, Johnny Davis [2], Reggie Barlow and Tarvaris Jackson attended Lanier. Longtime Montgomery Mayor Emory Folmar was also a Poet. Hank Williams attended Lanier briefly in 1939 at the age of sixteen before he quit school to pursue his singing career full-time.
World-class hurdler and star football player at the University of Tennessee, and son of the Alabama Attorney General at the time, Richmond Flowers [3][4] wore the Poet blue and white in the mid-1960s. Jimmy Sharpe, a Poet in the late 1950s, was a long-time assistant coach under the legendary Paul "Bear" Bryant at the University of Alabama and was head coach at Virginia Tech in the middle 1970s. Astronaut Kathryn Thornton and state politician George C. Wallace, III (son of Governor George C. Wallace, Jr., and Governor Lurleen Wallace) were members of the Class of 1970. The late Governor Claude R. Kirk, Jr., of Florida is another Sidney Lanier alumnus. Alfred Goldthwaite, a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from 1958 to 1966 and a chairman of the Alabama Republican Party, graduated from Sidney Lanier in 1940. American football player Carlos Hendricks graduated from Sidney Lanier.
Other poets include one time United States Marine Corps Commandant Gen. Carl Mundy, Southern Poverty Law Center C.E.O. Morris Dees, Donell Taylor of the N.B.A.'s Washington Wizards, former Golden State Warriors basketball player Orlando Graham, former Boston Celtics player Marcus Webb, Buckmasters founder Jackie Bushman, former Carolina Panthers football player Jeno James, and Alabama high school basketball coach Bill Joiner. In 1968, Arlam Carr, Jr., son of civil rights figure, Mrs. Johnnie Carr, became the school's first African-American graduate. Carr would later become news director of WSFA, an NBC television affiliate. Broadway star Felicia Boswell also graduated from Lanier. Actor Hosea Chanchez plays Malik Wright on The Game
Academics[edit]
The campus
As late as the 1960s the student population of Lanier was all white. In 2004, the student population included only six white students. Besides white flight, another factor influencing this change can be found in the neighborhood schools concept adopted by the Montgomery Board of Education. The zoned neighborhood surrounding Lanier - once all white - is now almost completely black.
Lanier’s focus is now on four academies: Leadership, Business, Health, and Arts.
In 2006, Lanier was the only traditional public high school in Montgomery to meet federally mandated No Child Left Behind standards.
Athletics[edit]
Lanier High School has excelled in athletics from its inception through the 1960s, winning state championships in all high school sports. In 1966, Lanier was triple state champs, winning top honors in football, basketball, and track and field. 1966 was the first of three successive state championships in football, with the school’s last state championship occurring in 1968.[5][6]
Coaches Bobby Wilson (football) and Bill Joiner (basketball)[7] dominated high school football and basketball in the state for most of the 1960s, winning six football (Wilson) and four basketball (Joiner) state championships in the large high school category. [8]
Wilson led Lanier to state championships in 1957, 1961, 1964, 1966, 1967, and 1968. Joiner led Lanier to state championships in 1962, 1963, 1965, and 1967, and he played on the first Lanier state championship team in basketball in 1949. His teams were state runners-up twice.
Lanier-Lee rivalry[edit]
The Lee-Lanier rivalry in Montgomery was unmatched in the state in the late 1950s and through the 1960s. For years, Sidney Lanier was the only public school for white students in segregated Montgomery. As Montgomery’s population began to increase, another school for whites was built in 1955 - Robert E. Lee High. Its arrival gave birth to one of the state’s most notable high school football rivalries.
At one time they were the two largest high schools in the state. All the white students in Montgomery went to one school or the other, and when they played football against each other it was the “only show in town.” 25,000 paying fans came out every time they played.
The Poets won the next two Class 4A titles as well (1967, 1968), proving at the time that truly “The Pen is Mightier than the Sword.” The Generals ascended to the throne in 1969 and 1970. After 1970, Montgomery schools would win state championships again, but never again would Montgomery dominate football in Alabama like it did in the 1960s. Racial integration and the emergence of Jeff Davis High School as a football power in 1970 diminished the Lee-Lanier rivalry.
The Lanier dynasty[edit]
Lanier started its tradition of winning State Championships in prep football in 1920, winning the first recognized state championship in Alabama. Lanier was champion again in 1922 and 1939. Later, in the mid-1950s, came the "Wilson Era" in Lanier football.
Bobby Wilson had a distinguished football career as a player, especially in college at the University of Alabama, where in 1953 he was Captain of the Crimson Tide’s 1953 Orange Bowl championship team. He also ranked third in the nation in punting that season, and he ended his collegiate career as a member of the College All-Stars that played the Detroit Lions at Soldier Field in Chicago.
But what he did as head football coach at Lanier was even more remarkable. He arrived at Lanier in 1956 as an assistant, moved up to head coach the next year, and turned the Poets into a dynasty. During his 13 years at the helm, the Poets won six state championships and compiled a 92-24-6 record, including a 33-game win streak in the mid-late 1960s, one of the longest in Alabama high school football history.
Wilson’s first three titles – in 1957, 1961, and 1964 – were determined in various newspaper polls throughout the state, but the next three – 1966, 1967, and 1968 – were decided on the field, representing the first three years of Alabama High School Athletic Association state playoff system.
Lanier also achieved a sustained dynasty in basketball, playing in more state championship games and winning more state championships in the large high school category than any other high school from the 1920s through its most recent championship in 2001. In the early 1950s Sidney Lanier High School won the state championship in baseball 6 years in a row (1950–1955).
Famous players[edit]
Famous players at Lanier abound, but two stand out in particular: Bart Starr and Richmond Flowers, Jr.
Bryan Bartlett Starr was a Sidney Lanier athlete in the early 1950s. It would be in the NFL where Starr would make his mark. He was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 17th round in 1956, arguably the best bargain in NFL draft history. Playing under legendary coach Vince Lombardi, Starr guided the Packers to six Western Division titles, five world titles, and two Super Bowl victories. He played for Green Bay until retiring in 1971. Six years later, Starr was inducted into the NFL Hall of Fame. He served as the Packers’ head coach from 1975 to 1983. In 1976, he was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame.
Richmond Flowers, Jr. was the original “Super Recruit.” Flowers attracted the attention of college coaches from California to Maine. He earned All-America football honors at the University of Tennessee and was drafted out of college by the Dallas Cowboys in 1970. He was a member of Dallas’ Super Bowl V team. In 1999, he was named one of the top 25 collegiate receivers of the 20th Century by “Athlon Magazine".
As a track star, he was unparalleled in Alabama prep history. The focus of a national recruiting battle boiled down to Louisiana State University, Alabama, and Tennessee. He landed at Tennessee where he went on to become an NCAA track champion and Southeastern Conference football star. He was an NCAA hurdles champion and was chosen All-SEC by his sophomore year in football.
It was at Lanier where the legend began. Young Flowers was an accomplished hurdler – the most successful high school hurdler of his time – owning the fastest times in the nation in the 120-yard and 180-yard hurdles. His father, Richmond Flowers Sr., was the state’s attorney general at the time and a bitter political foe of then-popular governor, George C. Wallace. That conflict – and young Richmond’s rise to stardom – was later documented in a movie entitled, “Unconquered.”
In addition to Starr and Flowers, Johnny Davis (San Francisco 49ers), Reggie Barlow (Tampa Bay Buccaneers), and Jeno James (Carolina Panthers) have also represented Lanier in Super Bowls; all except James were on winning teams. Current Minnesota Vikings quarterback, Tarvaris Jackson graduated from Lanier in 2001.
Athletics after the Wilson era[edit]
Coach Bobby Wilson retired after the 1968 season and was replaced by Bill Joiner. One of Coach Joiner's most successful teams was the 1971 team led by future University of Alabama All-State Kicker Bucky Berry, who kicked the game-winning field goal in the Poets' 24-23 upset of Jeff Davis in 1971. The 1972 team was led by future University of Alabama All-SEC running back Johnny Davis. The first African American from Lanier who received an NCAA Division I scholarship, Davis went on to star with the Cleveland Browns in the NFL. Coach Joiner retired from his football coaching duties after the 1973 season.
Joiner's replacement was Cliff Little, former head coach at Montgomery Catholic High. Coach Little's 1977 and 1978 teams reached the state semifinals and won the Region 4 Class 4A titles. The overall record for those two teams was an excellent 21-5. The 1977 squad was eliminated by Berry Birmingham (Hoover), and the 1978 team was eliminated by Jeff Davis in a hard fought 14-6 game. Both Berry and Jeff Davis went on to win the state title games with relative ease.
Coach Little resigned after the 1979 season, and his replacement was long time GW Carver defensive coordinator Charles Sikes. Coach Sikes' teams showed steady improvement for the first 3 seasons, posting a combined record of 17-13. His best team was the 1987 squad who finished with a 7-4 mark.
Coach Sikes relinquished his coaching duties after the 1989 season. His replacement, after much controversy, was long time Lanier assistant coach, Robert Fuller. Coach Fuller's first 4 seasons marked the worst 4-year span in school history with a total of 9 wins. But the 1995 squad was much improved.
The most notable game of the 1995 season came on a fall night in Cramton Bowl between an undefeated Sidney Lanier team and cross town rival Jeff Davis. Lanier had lost 21 consecutive games to Jeff Davis, but that streak came to a halt in '95 with Lanier led by team captains Carlos Locklyn, Chrysanthus Chukwuma, Corey Walker and Ali Dobson. The Poets managed grueling game to beat Jeff Davis in a hard-fought slugfest. The Poets then possessed a 7-0 record and Number 4 ranking in the state. The Poets would later face Prattville High School, losing a tough battle on the road 34-13 falling to 8-1. After Hurricane Opal obliterated Cramton Bowl field, the Poets were forced to play Robert E. Lee, at the unwillingness of both school's Head coaches, due to a super-saturated field; the Poets fell to cross town rival and costing them a shot at a state championship. Opposing head coaches across the State including city rivals, argued Lanier deserved at least a #4 playoff seed, the Sidney Lanier Poets were left out, thus finishing 8-2 in 1995 (5 All-State 1st Team/Honorable Mentioned Players).
Coach Fuller's 1999 and 2000 teams, led by Keldrick Williams, Rod Sharpe, Tavaris Jackson, and Nigel Eldridge. The 1999 squad with Rod Sharpe anchoring the defensive line, and the hardest hitting defense in Alabama won the 6A Area 6 Championship by upsetting Robert E. Lee in the season finale, and went on to record 3 playoff wins, setting up a rematch with Archrival Robert E. Lee. The Generals won the rematch in a slugfest 14-12. The 2000 squad entered the season finale at 9-0 and Ranked No. 2 in the state against Robert E. Lee. But, reflecting the unpredictability of this fierce rivalry dating back almost 50 years, Lee upset Lanier. The Poets still made the playoffs, but the Poets were eventually eliminated by Daphne. Coach Fuller resigned after the 2004 season.
His replacement, Richard Moncrief, was effective and focused on character building as much as football. Under his leadership, the team participated in a number of community service projects, including street cleaning and reading literacy. He also established tutorial and life skills programs for the team. Consequently, a number of players signed college scholarships, with one eventually playing in the NFL. Moncrief left to coach at the collegiate level in 2005.
He was replaced by former Alabama State Head Coach, L. C. Cole, who engineered one of the more remarkable turnarounds in the program's storied history. After struggling to a 1-3 record in the first 4 games, the Poets upset Jeff Davis, continued to win games, and advanced to the playoffs as area runner up. After a first round playoff victory over Theodore, the Poets went on the road and upset highly ranked and defending state runner-up Daphne, before being eliminated in the quarterfinals by Opelika. During his brief 2-year tenure, Coach Cole won 2 City Championships, never losing to the other Montgomery schools. In 2008, Coach Cole Left Lanier to become the defensive coordinator at Texas Southern University after having restored Lanier to its place as Montgomery's high school football powerhouse.
On April 28, 2008, after a long and tiring search, Lanier found its new head coach was already working at the school. Former Jeff Davis and Tennessee State University standout tight end Steve Holloway, a long time assistant to 3 previous head coaches, finally got the call to lead the Poets.
In other sports, Lanier won the 2001 boys' basketball state championship (coached by Floyd Matthews) and the 2005 girls' basketball state championship (coached by the aforementioned Steve Holloway).
Cross Country Lanier also has a cross country team, there are two teams: the boys' 7th graders and 8th graders and the girls' 7th and 8th graders. Each team is directed by a different coach and have different practice times. The Girls' Cross Country team have run and placed year after year with help of the coach. The boys have mostly gotten first and second for the past years. Track Lanier usually wins the track as well. The events that they do are as follows. 100,200,400,1200(7th graders only)1600(8th graders only), 4 by 100, 4 by 200, 4 by 400, shotput, long jump, high jump, triple jump and 200 hurtles. The track team usually places in district as well as in their zone.
Alma mater[edit]
Dear Lanier,
though fleeting time,
may bear us far away from thee,
forever in thy hallowed halls,
each heart will dwell in loyalty.
Faithful to the Blue and White,
we will be.
And before thy Shrine of Knowledge,
we will kneel, to thee.
Lanier!
[show]
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Phosphodiester bond
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Diagram of phosphodiester bonds (PO43−) between three nucleotides.
A phosphodiester bond occurs when exactly two of the hydrogen groups in phosphoric acid react with hydroxyl groups on other molecules to form two ester bonds.[1]
Phosphodiester bonds are central to all life on Earth,[fn 1] as they make up the backbone of the strands of nucleic acid. In DNA and RNA, the phosphodiester bond is the linkage between the 3' carbon atom of one sugar molecule and the 5' carbon atom of another, deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA. Strong covalent bonds form between the phosphate group and two 5-carbon ring carbohydrates (pentoses) over two ester bonds.
The phosphate groups in the phosphodiester bond are negatively charged. Because the phosphate groups have a pKa near 0, they are negatively charged at pH 7[citation needed]. This repulsion forces the phosphates to take opposite sides of the DNA strands and is neutralized by proteins (histones), metal ions such as magnesium, and polyamines.
In order for the phosphodiester bond to be formed and the nucleotides to be joined, the tri-phosphate or di-phosphate forms of the nucleotide building blocks are broken apart to give off energy required to drive the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. When a single phosphate or two phosphates known as pyrophosphates break away and catalyze the reaction, the phosphodiester bond is formed.[citation needed]
Hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds can be catalyzed by the action of phosphodiesterases which play an important role in repairing DNA sequences.[citation needed]
The phosphodiester linkage between two ribonucleotides can be broken by alkaline hydrolysis, whereas the linkage between two deoxyribonucleotides is more stable under these conditions. The relative ease of RNA hydrolysis is an effect of the presence of the 2' hydroxyl group.
Contents
[hide]
1 Enzyme activity
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
Enzyme activity[edit]
A phosphodiesterase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds, for instance a bond in a molecule of cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP.
An enzyme that plays an important role in the repair of oxidative DNA damage is the 3'-phosphodiesterase.
During the replication of DNA, there is a hole between the phosphates in the backbone left by DNA polymerase I. DNA ligase is able to form a phosphodiester bond between the nucleotides.
See also[edit]
Phosphodiesterase
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
DNA replication, DNA, ATP
Teichoic acid, DNase I
PDE5
Nick (DNA)
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Even prions, the only reproducers without nucleic acid and generally considered beyond the boundary of life, require RNA-containing life to reproduce themselves.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Phosphodiester bond". School of BioMedical Sciences Wiki.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phosphodiester_bond&oldid=819128146"
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