text:
England cricket team record by opponent
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The England team celebrate victory over Australia in the 2015 Ashes series
The England national cricket team represents England and Wales in international cricket and is a full member of the International Cricket Council (ICC) with Test and One Day International (ODI) status.[1] England is the joint oldest team in Test cricket history, having played in the first ever Test match in 1877 against Australia.[2] England and Australia also played the first One Day International (ODI) on 5 January 1971. England's first Twenty20 International (T20I) was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia.
As of 12 December 2016, England has played 982 Test matches, winning 351 and losing 288 (with 343 draws). The team has won The Ashes on 32 occasions, one less than their opponents Australia.[3]
The team has played 677 ODIs, winning 328, lost 318. 8 matches were tied and 23 ended with no result.[4] England's record in ODI tournaments includes finishing as runners-up in three Cricket World Cups (1979, 1987 and 1992), and two ICC Champions Trophies (2004 and 2013).
The team has played 89 Twenty20 Internationals, winning 43, lost 41, 1 tie and 4 no result matches.[5] The best T20I for England came when they won the ICC World Twenty20 in 2010, beating their rivals Australia.
As of January 2016, England have faced all nine teams in Test cricket, with their most frequent opponent being The Ashes rivals, Australia; playing 341 matches against them.[6] Due to more matches against Australia, they have registered more wins against Australia, but the best winning percentage of 100.00 against Bangladesh, where won all 8 tests.[6] In ODI matches, England have played against 18 teams; they have played against Australia most frequently, with a winning percentage of 39.09 in 136 matches.[7] Within usual major ODI nations, England have defeated Pakistan on 45 occasions with winning percentage of 60.81, which is their best record in ODIs.[7] The team have competed against 11 countries in T20Is, and have played 13 matches a piece against Australia, New Zealand and Pakistan. Out of that, Australia have defeated Pakistan in 9 occasions each.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Key
2 Test cricket
2.1 Matches played (by country)
3 One Day International
3.1 Matches played (by country)
4 Twenty20 International
4.1 Matches played (by country)
5 Notes
6 References
Key[edit]
M – Number of matches played
W – Number of matches won
L – Number of matches lost
T – Number of matches tied
D – Number of matches ended in a draw
NR – Number of matches ended with no result
Tie+W – Number of matches tied and then won in a tiebreaker such as a bowl-out or Super Over
Tie+L – Number of matches tied and then lost in a tiebreaker such as a bowl-out or Super Over
Win% – Percentage of games won to those played[n 1]
Loss% – Percentage of games lost to those played[n 1]
Draw% – Percentage of games drawn to those played[n 1]
First – Year of the first match played by Pakistan against the country
Last – Year of the last match played by Pakistan against the country
Test cricket[edit]
Matches played (by country)[edit]
Team
Opponent
1st Test
Last Test
Matches
Won
Lost
Drawn
Tied
% Won
England Australia March 1877 August 2015 341 108 140 93 0 31.67
Bangladesh October 2003 November 2016 10 9 1 0 0 90.00
India June 1932 December 2016 117 43 25 49 0 37.06
New Zealand January 1930 June 2015 101 48 9 44 0 47.52
Pakistan June 1954 September 2016 81 24 20 37 0 29.11
South Africa March 1889 January 2016 145 58 32 55 0 40.00
Sri Lanka February 1982 June 2014 31 12 8 11 0 38.70
West Indies June 1928 May 2015 151 46 54 51 0 30.46
Zimbabwe December 1996 June 2003 6 3 0 3 0 50.00
Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 12 December 2016.
One Day International[edit]
Matches played (by country)[edit]
Team
Opponent
1st ODI
Last ODI
Matches
Won
Lost
Tied
No result
% Won
England Afghanistan 13 May 2015 13 May 2015 1 1 0 0 0 100.00
Australia 5 January 1971 10 June 2017 137 52 80 2 3 39.09
Bangladesh 5 October 2000 1 June 2017 20 16 4 0 0 81.25
Canada 13 June 1979 18 March 2007 2 2 0 0 0 100.00
East Africa 14 June 1975 14 June 1975 1 1 0 0 0 100.00
India 13 July 1974 30 January 2015 96 39 52 2 3 43.33
Ireland 13 June 2006 8 May 2015 7 5 1 0 0 83.63
Kenya 18 May 1999 24 March 2007 2 2 0 0 0 100.00
Namibia 19 February 2003 19 February 2003 1 1 0 0 0 100.00
Netherlands 22 February 1996 22 February 2011 3 3 0 0 0 100.00
New Zealand 18 July 1973 6 June 2017 84 37 41 2 4 46.83
Pakistan 31 August 1974 14 June 2017 82 49 31 0 2 60.81
Scotland 18 August 2008 23 February 2015 4 3 0 0 1 100.00
South Africa 12 March 1992 14 February 2016 59 26 29 1 3 46.22
Sri Lanka 13 February 1982 2 July 2016 69 33 34 1 1 49.26
United Arab Emirates 18 February 1996 18 February 1996 1 1 0 0 0 100.00
West Indies 5 September 1973 5 March 2014 91 45 42 0 4 50.00
Zimbabwe 18 March 1992 5 December 2004 30 21 8 0 1 72.41
Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 14 June 2017.
Twenty20 International[edit]
Matches played (by country)[edit]
Team
Opponent
1st T20I
Last T20I
Matches
Won
Lost
Tied
No result
% Won
England Afghanistan 21 September 2012 23 March 2016 2 2 0 0 0 100.00
Australia 13 June 2005 31 August 2015 13 5 7 0 1 41.66
India 19 September 2007 7 September 2014 8 5 3 0 0 62.50
Ireland 4 May 2010 4 May 2010 1 0 0 0 1 –
Netherlands 5 June 2009 31 March 2014 2 0 2 0 0 0.00
New Zealand 18 September 2007 30 March 2016 14 9 4 0 1 69.23
Pakistan 28 August 2006 30 November 2015 13 9 3 0 0 73.07
South Africa 16 September 2007 21 February 2016 12 4 7 0 1 36.36
Sri Lanka 15 June 2006 5 July 2016 8 4 4 0 0 50.00
West Indies 28 June 2007 3 April 2016 14 4 10 0 0 28.57
Zimbabwe 13 September 2007 13 September 2007 1 1 0 0 0 100.00
Source: Cricinfo. Last updated: 26 July 2016.
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Games that did not have a result are not taken into consideration while calculating the result percentage. Ties are counted as half a win.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "ICC Members Countries". International Cricket Council (ICC). Archived from the original on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "1st Test: Australia v England at Melbourne, Mar 15–19, 1877 | Cricket Scorecard". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
Jump up ^ "Records / England / Test matches / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Archived from the original on 3 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Records / One-Day Internationals / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Records / Twenty20 Internationals / Team records / Results summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Records / England / Test matches / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Records / England / One-Day Internationals / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Records / England / Twenty20 Internationals / Result summary". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
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National cricket team records by opponent
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West Indies
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text:
US Airways Flight 1549
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US Airways Flight 1549
Evacuation of US Airways Flight 1549 as it floats on the Hudson River
Accident summary
Date
January 15, 2009
Summary
Controlled ditching after multiple large bird strikes
Site
Hudson River between New York City (Manhattan) and Weehawken, New Jersey (near Port Imperial)
40°46′10″N 74°00′17″W / 40.7695°N 74.0046°W / 40.7695; -74.0046Coordinates: 40°46′10″N 74°00′17″W / 40.7695°N 74.0046°W / 40.7695; -74.0046
Passengers
150[1]
Crew
5
Fatalities
0
Injuries (non-fatal)
100 (95 minor, 5 serious)[2][a]
Survivors
155 (all)
Aircraft type
Airbus A320-214
Operator
US Airways
Registration
N106US
Flight origin
LaGuardia Airport, New York City
Stopover
Charlotte Douglas International Airport, Charlotte, North Carolina
Destination
Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, Seattle, Washington
US Airways Flight 1549 was an Airbus A320-214 which, in the climbout after takeoff from New York City's LaGuardia Airport on January 15, 2009, struck a flock of Canada geese just northeast of the George Washington Bridge and consequently lost all engine power. Unable to reach any airport, pilots Chesley Sullenberger and Jeffrey Skiles glided the plane to a ditching in the Hudson River off Midtown Manhattan. All 155 people aboard were rescued by nearby boats and there were few serious injuries.
The accident came to be known as the "Miracle on the Hudson",[4][5][6] and a National Transportation Safety Board official described it as "the most successful ditching in aviation history."[7] The Board rejected the notion that the pilot could have avoided ditching by returning to LaGuardia or diverting to nearby Teterboro Airport.
The pilots and flight attendants were awarded the Master's Medal of the Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators in recognition of their "heroic and unique aviation achievement".[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Route, aircraft, crew and passengers
2 Accident
2.1 Takeoff and bird strike
2.2 Ditching and evacuation
2.3 Rescue
3 Aftermath
4 Investigation
5 Crew awards and honors
6 Media and popular culture
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
10.1 US Airways press releases
10.2 Other links
Route, aircraft, crew and passengers[edit]
N106US at LaGuardia in 2001
On January 15, 2009, US Airways Flight 1549[b] with callsign 'CACTUS 1549' was scheduled to fly from New York City's LaGuardia Airport (LGA) to Charlotte Douglas (CLT), with direct onward service to Seattle–Tacoma International Airport in Washington State. The aircraft was an Airbus A320-214 powered by two GE Aviation/Snecma-designed CFM56-5B4/P turbofan engines.[9][c]
The pilot in command was 57-year-old Chesley B. "Sully" Sullenberger, a former fighter pilot who had been an airline pilot since leaving the United States Air Force in 1980. At the time, he had logged 19,663 total flight hours, including 4,765 in an A320; he was also a glider pilot and expert on aviation safety.[13][14][15] First officer Jeffrey B. Skiles, 49,[14][16][17] had accrued 15,643 career flight hours, but this was his first Airbus A320 assignment since qualifying to fly it.[18] There were 150 passengers and three flight attendants aboard.[1][19]
Accident[edit]
Takeoff and bird strike[edit]
LaGuardia Runway 4 departure.
New York TRACON audio
Air traffic control audio from about time of bird strike until ditching (3:10 long)
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The flight was cleared for takeoff to the northeast from LaGuardia's Runway 4 at 3:24:56 pm Eastern Standard Time (20:24:56 UTC). With Skiles in control, the crew made its first report after becoming airborne at 3:25:51 as being at 700 feet (210 m) and climbing.[20]
The weather at 2:51 p.m. was 10 miles visibility with broken clouds at 3,700 feet, wind 8 knots from 290°; an hour later it was few clouds at 4,200 feet, wind 9 knots from 310°.[21] At 3:26:37 Sullenberger remarked to Skiles: "What a view of the Hudson today."[22]
Flight path flown (red). Alternative trajectories to Teterboro (blue) and back toward La Guardia (purple) were simulated for the investigation.
At 3:27:11 the plane struck a flock of Canada geese at an altitude of 2,818 feet (859 m) about 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north-northwest of LaGuardia. The pilots' view was filled with the large birds;[23][24] passengers and crew heard very loud bangs and saw flames from the engines, followed by silence and an odor of fuel.[25][26][27]
Realizing that both engines had shut down, Sullenberger took control while Skiles worked the checklist for engine restart.[d][2] The aircraft slowed but continued to climb for a further nineteen seconds, reaching about 3,060 feet (930 m) at an airspeed of about 185 knots (343 km/h; 213 mph), then began a glide descent, accelerating to 210 knots (390 km/h; 240 mph) at 3:28:10 as it descended through 1,650 feet (500 m).
At 3:27:33, Sullenberger radioed a Mayday call to New York Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON):[29][30] "... this is Cactus 1539 [sic – correct call sign was Cactus 1549], hit birds. We've lost thrust on both engines. We're turning back towards LaGuardia".[22] Air traffic controller Patrick Harten[31] told LaGuardia's tower to hold all departures, and directed Sullenberger back to Runway 13.[30] Sullenberger responded, "Unable".[30]
Sullenberger asked if they could attempt to land in New Jersey, mentioning Teterboro Airport;[30][32][33] controllers obtained permission for a landing on Teterboro's Runway 1.[33] Sullenberger responded: "We can't do it ... We're gonna be in the Hudson".[32] The aircraft passed less than 900 feet (270 m) above the George Washington Bridge.[34] Sullenberger commanded over the cabin address system, "Brace for impact",[34] and the flight attendants relayed the command to passengers.[35] Meanwhile, air traffic controllers asked the Coast Guard to caution vessels in the Hudson and ask them to prepare to assist with rescue.[citation needed]
Ditching and evacuation[edit]
Play media
Coast Guard video of crash and rescue.
About ninety seconds later, at 3:31 pm, the plane made an unpowered ditching, descending southwards at about 125 knots (140 mph; 230 km/h) into the middle of the North River section of the Hudson tidal estuary, at 40°46′10″N 74°00′17″W / 40.7695°N 74.0046°W / 40.7695; -74.0046[36] roughly opposite West 50th Street (near the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum) in Manhattan and Port Imperial in Weehawken, New Jersey. Flight attendants compared the ditching to a "hard landing" with "one impact, no bounce, then a gradual deceleration."[32] The ebb tide then began to take the plane southward.[37]
Sullenberger opened the cockpit door and ordered evacuation. The crew began evacuating the passengers through the four overwing window exits and into an inflatable slide/raft deployed from the front right passenger door (the front left slide failed to operate, so the manual inflation handle was pulled). A panicked passenger opened a rear door, which a flight attendant was unable to reseal.[38] Water was also entering a hole in the fuselage and through cargo doors that had come open,[39] so as the water rose the attendant urged passengers to move forward by climbing over seats.[e] One passenger was in a wheelchair.[41][42] Finally, Sullenberger walked the cabin twice to confirm it was empty.[43][44][45]
Play media
Video beginning 20 minutes after ditching, with numerous ferries and rescue boats surrounding the aircraft.
The air and water temperatures were about 19 °F (−7 °C) and 41 °F (5 °C) respectively.[21] Some evacuees waited for rescue knee-deep in water on the partially submerged slides, some wearing life-vests. Others stood on the wings or, fearing an explosion, swam away from the plane.[38] One passenger, after helping with the evacuation, found the wing so crowded that he jumped into the river and swam to a boat.[46][32][47]
Rescue[edit]
Sullenberger had ditched near boats to facilitate rescue.[20][43] NY Waterway ferries Thomas Jefferson and then Governor Thomas H. Kean both arrived within minutes[48][49] and began taking people aboard using a Jason's cradle. Sullenberger advised the ferry crews to rescue those on the wings first, as they were in more jeopardy than those on the slides, which detached to become life rafts.[34] As the plane drifted, passengers on one slide, fearing that the boat would crush them, shouted for it to steer away.[50] The last person was taken from the plane at 3:55 pm.[51]
About 140 New York City firefighters responded to nearby docks,[52][53][54] as did police, helicopters, and various vessels and divers.[52] Other agencies provided medical help on the Weehawken side of the river, where most passengers were taken.[55]
The half-sunken plane surrounded by boats.
Aftermath[edit]
The aircraft tied up alongside Battery Park City.
There were five serious injuries,[2] including a deep laceration in flight attendant Doreen Welsh's leg.[32][56] Seventy-eight people were treated, mostly for minor injuries[57] and hypothermia,[58] twenty-four passengers and two rescuers treated at hospitals,[59] with two passengers kept overnight. One passenger now wears glasses because of jet fuel damaging his eyes.[46] No pets were being carried on the flight.[60]
Each passenger later received a letter of apology, $5,000 in compensation for lost baggage (and $5,000 more if they could demonstrate larger losses) and refund of the ticket price.[61][62] In May 2009 they received any belongings that had been recovered. In addition, they reported offers of $10,000 each in return for agreeing not to sue US Airways.[63]
Many passengers and rescuers later experienced post-traumatic stress symptoms such as sleeplessness, flashbacks, and panic attacks; some began an email support group.[64] Patrick Harten, the controller who had worked the flight, said that "the hardest, most traumatic part of the entire event was when it was over", and that he was "gripped by raw moments of shock and grief".[65]
In an effort to prevent similar accidents, officials captured and gassed 1,235 Canada geese at 17 locations across New York City in mid-2009 and coated 1,739 goose eggs with oil to smother the developing goslings.[66]
Investigation[edit]
The plane being recovered from the river during the night of January 17.
The partially submerged plane was moored to a pier near the World Financial Center in Lower Manhattan, roughly 4 miles (6 km) downstream from the ditching location.[35] The left engine, detached by the ditching, was recovered from the riverbed.[67] On January 17 the aircraft was barged[68][69] to New Jersey.[70]
Feather found in left engine.
The initial National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) evaluation that the plane had lost thrust after a bird strike[71][72][73] was confirmed by analysis of the cockpit voice and flight data recorders.[74]
It was soon reported that a few days earlier the plane had experienced a less severe compressor stall, and its passengers had been told an emergency landing might be required,[75][76] but the affected engine was restarted. The NTSB later reported that a faulty temperature sensor had been the cause, and that the engine had not been damaged in that incident.[77]
On January 21, the NTSB found evidence of soft-body damage in the right engine along with organic debris including a feather.[78][79] The left engine also evidenced soft body impact, with: "dents on both the spinner and inlet lip of the engine cowling. Five booster inlet guide vanes are fractured and eight outlet guide vanes are missing." Both engines, missing large portions of their housings,[80] were sent to the manufacturer for examination.[81] On January 31, the plane was moved to Kearny, New Jersey. The bird remains[77][82] were later identified by DNA testing to be Canada geese, which typically weigh more than engines are designed to withstand ingesting.[77]
Because the plane was assembled in France[83] the European Aviation Safety Agency (the European counterpart of the FAA) and the Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile (the French counterpart of the NTSB) joined the investigation, with technical assistance from Airbus Industrie and GE Aviation/Snecma, respectively the manufacturers of the airframe and the engines.[84][85]
The NTSB used flight simulators to test the possibility that the flight could have returned safely to LaGuardia or diverted to Teterboro; only seven of the thirteen simulated returns to La Guardia succeeded, and only one of the two to Teterboro.[86] Furthermore, the NTSB report called these simulations unrealistic: "The immediate turn made by the pilots during the simulations did not reflect or account for real-world considerations." A further simulation, conducted with the pilot delayed by 35 seconds, crashed.[87] In testimony before the NTSB, Sullenberger maintained that there had been no time to bring the plane to any airport, and that attempting to do so would likely have killed those onboard and more on the ground.[88]
The Board ultimately ruled that Sullenberger had made the correct decision,[88] reasoning that the checklist for dual-engine failure is designed for higher altitudes, when pilots have more time to deal with the situation, and that while simulations showed that the plane might have just barely made it back to LaGuardia, those scenarios assumed an instant decision to do so, with no time allowed for assessing the situation.[89][90]
The NTSB concluded its investigation on May 4, 2010, identifying the probable cause as "the ingestion of large birds into each engine, which resulted in an almost total loss of thrust in both engines."[87] The final report credited the outcome to four factors: good decision-making and teamwork by the cockpit crew (including decisions to immediately turn on the APU and to ditch in the Hudson); the fact that the A320 is certified for extended overwater operation (and hence carried life vests and additional raft/slides) even though not required for that route; the performance of the flight crew during the evacuation; and the proximity of working vessels to the ditching site. Contributing factors were good visibility and a fast response from the ferry operators and emergency responders. The report also makes a range of recommendations to improve safety in such situations.[2]
N106US on display at Carolinas Aviation Museum.
Author and pilot William Langewiesche asserted that insufficient credit was given to the A320's fly-by-wire design, by which the pilot uses a side-stick to make control inputs to the flight control computers. The computers then impose adjustments and limits of their own to keep the plane stable, which the pilot cannot override even in an emergency. This design allowed the pilots of Flight 1549 to concentrate on engine restart and deciding the course, without the burden of manually adjusting the glidepath to reduce the plane's rate of descent.[51] Sullenberger said that these computer-imposed limits also prevented him from achieving the optimum landing flare for the ditching, which would have softened the impact.[91]
In 2010, the damaged plane (excluding its engines)[92] was acquired for the Carolinas Aviation Museum in Charlotte, North Carolina,[93] which held a reception on June 11 to commemorate the arrival in Charlotte of the plane's body, with Sullenberger as keynote speaker and the passengers invited.[94][95][96][97]
Crew awards and honors[edit]
The reactions of all members of the crew, the split second decision making and the handling of this emergency and evacuation was "text book" and an example to us all. To have safely executed this emergency ditching and evacuation, with the loss of no lives, is a heroic and unique aviation achievement.
—Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators citation
An NTSB board member called the ditching "the most successful ... in aviation history. These people knew what they were supposed to do and they did it and as a result, no lives were lost."[98]
The crew, especially Sullenberger, was praised, notably by New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and New York State Governor David Paterson, who said: "We had a Miracle on 34th Street. I believe now we have had a Miracle on the Hudson."[57][99][100] U.S. President George W. Bush said he was "inspired by the skill and heroism of the flight crew," and praised the emergency responders and volunteers.[101] President-elect Barack Obama said that everyone was proud of Sullenberger's "heroic and graceful job in landing the damaged aircraft." He thanked the crew, whom he invited to his inauguration five days later.[102][103]
The Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators awarded the crew a Master's Medal on January 22, 2009; this is awarded only rarely, for outstanding aviation achievements at the discretion of the Master of the Guild.[8] New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presented the crew with the Keys to the City, and Sullenberger with a replacement copy of a library book lost on the flight, Sidney Dekker's Just Culture: Balancing Safety and Accountability.[104] Rescuers received Certificates of Honor.[105]
The crew received a standing ovation at the Super Bowl XLIII on February 1, 2009,[106] and Sullenberger threw out the first pitch at the 2009 Major League Baseball season for the San Francisco Giants. His Giants' jersey was inscribed with the name "Sully" and the number 155 – the count of people aboard the plane.[107]
On July 28, passengers Dave Sanderson and Barry Leonard organized a thank you luncheon for emergency responders from Hudson County, New Jersey, on the shores of Palisades Medical Center in North Bergen, New Jersey, where 57 passengers had been brought following their rescue. Present were members of the U.S. Coast Guard, North Hudson Regional Fire and Rescue, NY Waterway Ferries, the American Red Cross, Weehawken Volunteer First Aid, the Weehawken Police Department, West New York E.M.S., North Bergen E.M.S., the Hudson County Office of Emergency Management, the New Jersey E.M.S. Task Force, the Guttenberg Police Department, McCabe Ambulance, the Harrison Police Department, and doctors and nurses who treated survivors.[108][109]
Sullenberger was named Grand Marshal for the 2010 Tournament of Roses Parade in Pasadena, California.
In August 2010, Jeppesen issued an approach plate titled "Hudson Miracle APCH," dedicated to the five crew of Flight 1549 and annotated "Presented with Pride and Gratitude from your friends at Jeppesen."[110]
Sullenberger retired on March 3, 2010, after thirty years with US Airways and its predecessor, Pacific Southwest Airlines. At the end of his final flight he was reunited with Skiles and a number of the passengers from Flight 1549.[111]
Media and popular culture[edit]
The accident was recorded by several closed-circuit television cameras. Various television reports and documentaries produced soon afterwards contained extensive video of the ditching and rescue, and recorded interviews with the aircrew, passengers, rescuers, and other key participants. These included:
On February 8, 2009, the CBS program 60 Minutes broadcast three segments that included interviews with the aircrew as well as their reunion with passengers. The program aired again on July 5, 2009.
"Flight 1549: A Routine Takeoff Turns Ugly"[112]
"Flight 1549: Saving 155 Souls In Minutes"[113]
"Flight 1549: An Emotional Reunion"[114]
On February 19, 2009, Channel 4 in the United Kingdom aired a documentary entitled The Miracle of the Hudson Plane Crash included personal accounts from passengers, rescuers, and witnesses.[50]
On February 21, 2009, KGO-TV in San Francisco broadcast an interview in the "Face to Face" series. Dan Ashley talked to Captain and Mrs. Sullenberger about their experiences during and since the accident.[115]
On March 4, 2009, the Discovery Channel broadcast a one-hour documentary entitled Hudson Plane Crash – What Really Happened, with computer-generated imagery (CGI) animations of the flight, and interviews with passengers, crew, witnesses, rescuers, and aviation safety experts.[116]
On January 10, 2010, TLC aired a documentary entitled Brace For Impact, aired again on April 14 in Australia as Brace For Impact: Inside The Hudson Plane Crash.[117]
In March 2011, Ric Elias, a front-row passenger shared his experience during a TED Conference.[118]
Beginning in June 2011, the University of North Carolina School of Filmmaking and Process Pictures, LLC worked with the Carolinas Aviation Museum to produce a documentary, which also looked at the impact of the incident on society.[119][120]
The crash was featured in the Discovery Channel (Canada) / National Geographic TV series Mayday on the episode Hudson Splash Down.[121] It was also recreated in a National Geographic Channel TV special titled "Miracle Landing on the Hudson,"[122] and in the United Kingdom for a Channel 5 special in 2011.[123]
Garrison Keillor honored the entire flight crew by writing a song and performing it on his show, A Prairie Home Companion.[124]
The ditching is referenced in the song "A Real Hero" by College and Electric Youth, best known from the 2011 movie Drive. The lyrics of the second verse describe the water landing and the survival of the passengers and crew, as well alluding to the freezing river.[125]
Sullenberger's memoir, Highest Duty: My Search for What Really Matters was adapted into a feature film Sully: Miracle on the Hudson, directed by Clint Eastwood,[126] with Tom Hanks as Sullenberger and Aaron Eckhart as co-pilot Jeff Skiles.[127] It was released by Warner Bros. on September 9, 2016.[128]
See also[edit]
New York City portal
New Jersey portal
Aviation portal
2000s portal
List of airline flights that required gliding
Accidents and incidents involving the Airbus A320 family
Caspian Airlines Flight 7908, brought down by mechanical failure caused by bird strikes, killing 168 people
Garuda Indonesia Flight 421, emergency landing on Bengawan Solo river after a dual engine flameout in 2002
Pan Am Flight 6, successful no-lives-lost ditching of a Boeing 377 Stratocruiser in the Pacific Ocean, 1956
Ryanair Flight 4102, which was brought down by bird strikes
Scandinavian Airlines Flight 751, emergency landing in woodland north of Stockholm after dual engine overheating & failure and a brief low-altitude glide; no fatalities
TACA Flight 110, landed on to a levee east of New Orleans International Airport after dual engine flameout; no casualties
The 1963 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-124 Neva river ditching, a planned landing in a river which resulted in no casualties
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ A serious injury is defined as any injury that (1) requires hospitalization for more than 48 hours, starting within seven days from the date that the injury was received; (2) results in a fracture of any bone, except simple fractures of fingers, toes, or the nose; (3) causes severe hemorrhages or nerve, muscle, or tendon damage; (4) involves any internal organ; or (5) involves second- or third-degree burns or any burns affecting more than 5 percent of the body surface. A minor injury is defined as any injury that does not qualify as a fatal or serious injury.[3]
Jump up ^ AWE1549, also designated under a Star Alliance codeshare agreement as United Airlines Flight 1919 UA1919.
Jump up ^ Delivered in 1999,[10] the plane, registered N106US, was one of 74 A320s then in service at US Airways.[11] At the time of the accident its airframe had logged 16,299 flights totaling 25,241 flight hours; and the engines 19,182 and 26,466 hours. The last "A Check" (performed every 550 flight hours) was passed on December 6, 2008, and the last C Check (annual comprehensive inspection) on April 19, 2008.[9][12]
Jump up ^ The engines are the primary source of electrical and hydraulic power for the aircraft flight control systems,[28] but an auxiliary power unit (APU) can provide backup electrical power, and a ram air turbine (RAT) can be deployed into the airstream to provide backup hydraulic pressure and electrical power at certain speeds.[28] Both the APU and RAT were operating as the plane descended onto the river.[28]
Jump up ^ The Airbus A320 has a control that closes valves and other openings in the fuselage, in order to slow flooding after a water landing,[40] but the pilots did not activate it.[32] Sullenberger later said this would have made little difference since the water impact tore substantial holes in the fuselage.[18]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 3". US Airways (Press release). January 15, 2009. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Aircraft Accident Report: Loss of Thrust in Both Engines After Encountering a Flock of Birds and Subsequent Ditching on the Hudson River: US Airways Flight 1549 (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board (Report). May 4, 2010.
Jump up ^ "49 CFR 830.2". Code of Federal Regulations. October 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Live Flight Track Log (AWE1549) 15-Jan-2009 KLGA-KLGA". FlightAware. January 15, 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "US Airways Flight 1549 Initial Report" (Press release). US Airways. January 15, 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "US Airways Flight 1549 Update # 2" (Press release). US Airways. January 15, 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ Olshan, Jeremy; Livingston, Ikumulisa (January 17, 2009). "Quiet Air Hero Is Captain America". New York Post. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Turner, Celia. "US Airways Flight 1549 Crew receive prestigious Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators Award" (PDF). Guild of Air Pilots and Air Navigators. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 22, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Factbox - Downed US Airways plane had 16,000 take-offs". Thomson Reuters. January 18, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "N-Number Inquiry Results". Federal Aviation Administration. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "US Airways – Details and Fleet History". Planespotters.net. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "US Airways Flight 1549 Update #7". US Airways. January 16, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2009 – via Business Wire.
Jump up ^ Goldman, Russell (January 15, 2009). "US Airways Hero Pilot Searched Plane Twice Before Leaving". ABC News. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Mangan, Dan (January 16, 2009). "Hero Pilots Disabled Plane to Safety". New York Post. Archived from the original on April 17, 2009. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ Westfeldt, Amy; Long, Colleen; James, Susan (January 15, 2009). "Hudson River Hero Is Ex-Air Force Fighter Pilot". TIME. Associated Press. Retrieved February 11, 2009. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Family of copilot from Hudson River plane crash speaks". WCBD-TV. Charleston, South Carolina. January 16, 2009. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ Forster, Stacy (January 16, 2009). "Co-pilot braved frigid waters to retrieve vests for passengers". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Shiner, Linda (February 18, 2009). "Sully's Tale". Air & Space. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ "US Airways flight 1549 Airline releases crew information". US Airways. January 16, 2009. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "US Airways #1549". FlightAware. January 15, 2009. Archived from the original on May 24, 2009. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Aircraft Accident Report" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. sec. meteorological information. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "NTSB Report US Airways Flight 1549 Water Landing Hudson River January 15, 2009" (PDF). The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "US Airways Flight 1549 lifted out of river; flight recorders head to D.C". NJ.com. Associated Press. January 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Flight 1549 Crew: Birds Filled Windshield". AVweb. January 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Wald, Matthew L.; Baker, Al (January 18, 2009). "1549 to Tower: "We're Gonna End Up in the Hudson"". The New York Times. p. A29. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ Trotta, Daniel; Crawley, John (January 15, 2009). "New York hails pilot who landed jetliner on river". Thomson Reuters. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Turbofan Engine Malfunction Recognition and Response Final Report" (DOC). Federal Aviation Administration. July 17, 2001. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Pasztor, Andy; Carey, Susan (January 20, 2009). "Backup System Helped Pilot Control Jet". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Wald, Matthew L. (February 5, 2009). "Was Flight 1549's Pilot Fearful? If So, His Voice Didn't Let On". The New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Sniffen, Michael J. (January 16, 2009). "Pilot rejected 2 airport landings". San Francisco Chronicle. Associated Press. Archived from the original on January 17, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Lowy, Joan; Sniffen, Michael J. (February 24, 2009). "Controller Thought Plane That Ditched Was Doomed". ABC News. Archived from the original on February 26, 2009. Retrieved February 24, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Neumeister, Larry; Caruso, David B.; Goldman, Adam; Long, Colleen (January 17, 2009). "NTSB: Pilot landed in Hudson to avoid catastrophe". Fox News. Associated Press. Retrieved August 1, 2013. It all happened so fast, the crew never threw the aircraft's "ditch switch," which seals off vents and holes in the fuselage to make it more seaworthy.
^ Jump up to: a b "Memorandum: Full Transcript: Aircraft Accident, AWE1549, New York City, NY, January 15, 2009" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. June 19, 2009. p. 4. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Brooks, Mike; Meserve, Jeanne; Ahlers, Mike (January 15, 2009). "Airplane crash-lands into Hudson River; all aboard reported safe". CNN. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Fausset, Richard; Muskal, Michael (January 16, 2009). "US Airways investigation focuses on missing engines". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 18, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Belson, Ken (January 15, 2009). "Updates From Plane Rescue in Hudson River". The New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ McFadden, Robert D. (January 15, 2009). "Pilot Is Hailed After Jetliner's Icy Plunge". The New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Presenters: Katie Couric, Steve Kroft (February 8, 2009). "Hero pilot, Plane, Coldplay". 60 Minutes. Season 40. Los Angeles. CBS. KCBS-TV.
Jump up ^ McCartney, Scott (March 25, 2009). "It's Sully, Don't Hang Up". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 3, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ostrower, Jon (January 17, 2009). "The Airbus Ditching Button". Flight International. Reed Business Information. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Petri, Tom (February 11, 2009). Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Aviation of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure (PDF) (Report). U.S. House of Representatives. p. 69.
Jump up ^ Rockoff, Jonathan D.; Holmes, Elisabeth (January 16, 2009). "Pilot Lands Jet on Hudson, Saving All Aboard". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b McLaughlin, Martin (January 17, 2009). "The world needed a hero. The pilot of the Hudson River air crash answered the call". The Scotsman. Edinburgh: Johnston Press. Archived from the original on February 27, 2009. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Michael; Buettner, Russ (January 16, 2009). "After Splash, Nerves, Heroics and Comedy". The New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Curkin, Scott; Monek, Bob (January 17, 2009). "Miracle on the Hudson River". WABC-TV. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Schwartz, Art. "Hero on the Hudson: Five years later 'miracle' survivor describes his experience for local audience". The Hudson Reporter. Retrieved May 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Science Aids Hudson Rescue Workers". U.S. Department of Homeland Security. February 2009.
Jump up ^ Kindergan, Ashley (January 16, 2009). "Young captain reacts like 'seasoned pro'". NorthJersey.com. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Pyle, Richard (January 18, 2009). "Commuter ferries to rescue in NYC crash landing". The Boston Globe. Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 3, 2013. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b "Miracle of the Hudson Plane Crash". Channel 4. Retrieved February 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Langewiesche, William (February 7, 2010). "The miracle plane crash-landing on the Hudson River". The Sunday Times. London. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Schuster, Karla; Bleyer, Bill; Chang, Sophia; DeStefano, Anthony M.; Lam, Chau; Mason, Bill; McGowan, Carl; Parascandola, Rocco; Strickler, Andrew (January 16, 2009). "Commuter ferries, passengers aid in crash victim rescues". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on February 22, 2014. Retrieved February 12, 2009 – via Uniformed Firefighters Association.
Jump up ^ Heightman, A.J. (January 15, 2009). "Airplane Crash Showcases Emergency Readiness". Journal of Emergency Medical Services. Elsevier. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Michael; Baker, Al (January 15, 2009). "A Quick Rescue Kept Death Toll at Zero". The New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Applebome, Peter (January 18, 2009). "A Small Town's Recurring Role as a Rescue Beacon". The New York Times. Retrieved November 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "A Testament to Experienced Airline Flight Personnel Doing Their Jobs". Flight Attendant Medical Research Institute (FAMRI). Retrieved May 29, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pilot hailed for 'Hudson miracle'". BBC News. January 16, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Smith, Robert; Block, Melissa (February 12, 2009). "Passengers Treated For Hypothermia". National Public Radio. All Things Considered. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ "DCA09MA026". National Transportation Safety Board. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved March 6, 2009.
Jump up ^ Feuer, Alan (January 16, 2009). "Odd Sight, Well Worth a Walk in the Cold". The New York Times. Retrieved February 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ Fahim, Kareem (January 21, 2009). "$5,000 to Each Passenger on Crashed Jet for Lost Bags". The New York Times. Retrieved March 6, 2009.
Jump up ^ "A.I.G. Balks at Claims From Jet Ditching in Hudson". The New York Times. June 11, 2009. Retrieved June 12, 2009.
Jump up ^ McGeehan, Patrick (May 18, 2009). "Passengers, Here Are Your Bags". The New York Times. Retrieved May 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ Hewitt, Bill; Egan, Nicole Weisenssee; Herbst, Diane; McGee, Tiffany; Bass, Shermakaye (February 23, 2009). "Flight 1549: The Right Stuff". People. pp. 60–66.
Jump up ^ Robbins, Liz (February 24, 2009). "Air Traffic Controller Tells Gripping Tale of Hudson Landing". The New York Times. Retrieved March 7, 2009.
Jump up ^ Akam, Simon (October 4, 2009). "For Culprits in Miracle on Hudson, the Flip Side of Glory". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Crews hoist plane's engine from Hudson River". USA Today. Associated Press. January 23, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Engine still attached to plane in Hudson, agency says". CNN. January 17, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Crane pulls airliner from Hudson". BBC News. January 18, 2009. Retrieved January 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Hudson jet's wreckage moved to N.J". MSNBC. January 19, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ "US Airways Plane Crash-Lands in New York City's Hudson River, Everyone Survives". Fox News. Associated Press. January 16, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ "NTSB Sending Go team to New York City for Hudson River Airliner Accident". National Transportation Safety Board. January 15, 2009. Retrieved January 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Preliminary Accident Report". National Transportation Safety Board. January 16, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Matthews, Karen; Epstein, Victor; Weber, Harry; Dearen, Jason; Kesten, Lou; Lowy, Joan (January 19, 2009). "Plane's recorders lend support hero pilot's story". The Herald-Dispatch. Huntington, West Virginia. Associated Press. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ Boudreau, Abbie; Zamost, Scott (January 19, 2009). "Report on Earlier Flight 1549 Scare". CNN. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ "NY crash jet had earlier problem". BBC News. January 20, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Third Update on Investigation into Ditching of US Airways Jetliner into Hudson River". National Transportation Safety Board (Press release). February 4, 2009. Retrieved February 5, 2014.
Jump up ^ Paddock, Barry (January 21, 2009). "Second engine of US Airways Flight 1549 that landed in Hudson River has been found". Daily News. New York. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ "NTSB Issues update on investigation into ditching of US Airways jetliner into Hudson River". National Transportation Safety Board (Press release). January 21, 2009. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Seeing a Lost Engine to the Surface". The New York Times. January 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Second Update on investigation of ditching of US Airways Jetliner into Hudson River". National Transportation Safety Board. January 24, 2009.
Jump up ^ "NTSB Confirms Birds In Engines Of Flight 1549". NJ.com. Associated Press. February 4, 2009. Retrieved February 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ "ICAO Annex 13 Appendix". Investigation Process Research Resources.
Jump up ^ "Accident, Weehawken - Hudson River, on 15 January 2009, AIRBUS A320, N106US". Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyse (in French). January 16, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Statement of EADS (Airbus) Re: US Airways Flight US 1549 Accident in New York (La Guardia)". EADS (Airbus). January 16, 2009. Archived from the original on January 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Loss of Thrust in Both Engines After Encountering a Flock of Birds and Subsequent Ditching on the Hudson River US Airways Flight 1549 Airbus A320‐214, N106US Weehawken, New Jersey January 15, 2009" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. 4 May 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Crew Actions and Safety Equipment Credited with Saving Lives in US Airways 1549 Hudson River Ditching, NTSB Says". National Transportation Safety Board. Retrieved May 4, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Dodd, Johnny (September 19, 2016). "After the Miracle". People. pp. 87–88.
Jump up ^ Paur, Jason (May 5, 2010). "Sullenberger Made the Right Move, Landing in the Hudson". Wired.
Jump up ^ Yang, Carter (May 4, 2010). "NTSB: Sully Could Have Made it Back to LaGuardia". CBS News.
Jump up ^ Sullenberger, Chesley (June 19, 2012). Making a Difference (video). Talks at Google. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Spodak, Cassie (January 22, 2010). "'Miracle on Hudson' plane up for auction". CNN. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
Jump up ^ "USAir Flt.1549 Coming to Charlotte" (PDF). Contact: the Newsletter of the Carolinas Historic Aviation Commission. February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 18, 2011. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
Jump up ^ Washburn, Mark (June 12, 2011). "Applauding the airliner on which lives changed". The Charlotte Observer. Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ Gast, Phil (June 4, 2011). "'Miracle On The Hudson' Plane Bound For NC". CNN. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved June 15, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Flight 1549 wings arrive in Charlotte". News 14 Carolina. September 15, 2011. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
Jump up ^ Washburn, Mark (June 29, 2012). "Aviation Museum lands flight 1549 engines". The Charlotte Observer. Retrieved June 29, 2012. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Dorsey, Joe (February 6, 2014). "The Miracle on the Hudson – The Incredible Story of Captain "Sully" and US Airways Flight 1549". Travel Thru History. Retrieved October 7, 2017. [better source needed]
Jump up ^ Naughton, Philippe; Bone, James (January 16, 2009). "Hero crash pilot Chesley Sullenberger offered key to city of New York". The Times. London. Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ Rivera, Ray (January 16, 2009). "In a Split Second, a Pilot Becomes a Hero Years in the Making". The New York Times. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Statement by the President on Plane Crash in New York City". Office of the Press Secretary, The White House (Press release). January 15, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Chesley B. Sully Sullenberger Praised By Obama". Huffington Post. January 16, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2009.
Jump up ^ Seelye, Katharine Q. (January 19, 2009). "Obama Invites Flight 1549 Pilot and Crew to Inauguration". The New York Times. Retrieved January 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Mayor Bloomberg Presents Captain and Crew of US Airways Flight 1549 With Keys to the City". City of New York. February 9, 2009. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Mayor Bloomberg and US Airways Chief Executive Officer Doug Parker Honor Civilian and Uniformed Rescuers from Flight 1549". City of New York. January 16, 2009. Retrieved January 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Hero pilot: Splash landing in Hudson 'surreal'". USA Today. Associated Press. February 3, 2009. Retrieved August 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ Reid, John (April 7, 2009). "Mountain View school reunion at Giants' opener". The Mercury News. Retrieved April 14, 2009.
Jump up ^ "'Miracle on the Hudson' survivors to return to waterfront". The Union City Reporter. July 22, 2009.
Jump up ^ Tirella, Tricia (August 2, 2009). "A pat on the back". The Union City Reporter.
Jump up ^ Hradecky, Simon. "The Hudson Miracle Approach". Aviation Herald. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Miracle on the Hudson' pilot Chesley Sullenberger retires". Syracuse.com. Associated Press. March 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ Simon, Tanya; Radutzky, Michael; Beecher, Lori (February 8, 2009). "Flight 1549: A Routine Takeoff Turns Ugly". 60 Minutes. CBS News.
Jump up ^ Radutzky, Michael; Dubin, Jenny (February 8, 2009). "Flight 1549: Saving 155 Souls In Minutes". 60 Minutes. CBS News.
Jump up ^ Simon, Tanya; Beecher, Lori; Metz, Andrew (February 8, 2009). "Flight 1549: An Emotional Reunion". 60 Minutes. CBS News.
Jump up ^ "Face to Face: Dan Ashley and the Sullenbergers". ABC News. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Hudson Plane Crash – What Really Happened". Discovery Channel. Retrieved March 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (April 7, 2010). "Returning: The Force, Lewis. Airdate: Miracle at the Zoo, Hudson Plane Crash". TV Tonight.
Jump up ^ Elias, Ric (March 2011). "Ric Elias: Three things I learned while my plane crashed". TED.
Jump up ^ Carpenter, Marla (June 8, 2011). "UNCSA film students are documenting move of 'Miracle on the Hudson' plane to Charlotte museum". University of North Carolina School of the Arts.
Jump up ^ "Process Pictures involved with documentary chronicling the impact of Flight 1549 on America". Process Pictures. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hudson River Runway". Mayday. Season 11. 2010. Discovery Channel Canada/National Geographic Channel.
Jump up ^ Miracle Landing on the Hudson. 2014. National Geographic Channel.
Jump up ^ "Hudson River Landing". Air Crash. 2011. Channel 5 (UK).
Jump up ^ Keillor, Garrison (January 18, 2009). "Post to the Host: US Airways Flight 1549". A Prairie Home Companion. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014.
Jump up ^ O'Connell, Michael (October 27, 2011). "'Drive' Song Inspired by Captain Sully Sullenberger and 'Mad Max' (Video)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
Jump up ^ McClintock, Pamela (June 2, 2015). "Clint Eastwood's Next Movie Revealed: Capt. "Sully" Sullenberger Tale". The Hollywood Reporter.
Jump up ^ Ford, Rebecca (August 11, 2015). "Aaron Eckhart Joins Tom Hanks in Sully Sullenberger Movie". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
Jump up ^ Stone, Natalie (December 18, 2015). "Clint Eastwood's 'Sully' Gets Early Fall Release Date". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to US Airways Flight 1549.
US Airways press releases[edit]
"US Airways Flight 1549 Initial Report". phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 15, 2009
"Press Release: "Press Release: US Airways Flight 1549 Update #2". phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 15, 2009
"Press Release: US Airways Flight 1549 Update #3". phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 15, 2009
"US Airways Flight 1549 Update #7". phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 16, 2009
"US Airways Flight 1549 Update #8". phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 16, 2009
"US Airways Update Regarding Crew of Flight 1549". phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 16, 2009
Parker, Doug (January 15, 2009). "US Airways CEO Doug Parker makes statement regarding flight 1549". US Airways. Tempe, Arizona. January 16, 2009
"US Airways CEO Doug Parker Invited to Speak at Honor Ceremony Regarding Flight 1549". phx.corporate-ir.net. Tempe, Arizona. January 16, 2009
"US Airways update regarding crew of flight 1549". Tempe Arizona, January 19, 2009.
Other links[edit]
"Information on the accident that occurred in New York on January 15, 2009". Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analyses pour la Sécurité de l'Aviation Civile. January 16, 2009.
Krūms, Jānis (January 15, 2009). "There's a plane in the Hudson. I'm on the ferry going to pick up the people. Crazy". TwitPic.
"US Airways 1549 (AWE1549), January 15, 2009". Federal Aviation Administration. March 2, 2009.
exosphere3d (November 12, 2009). "Flight 1549 Alternate Audio, Multi-Perspective Composite Animation". YouTube.
"Cactus Flight 1549 Accident Reconstruction (US Airways Animation)". Exosphere3D.
"Analysis of Training for Emergency Water Landings Questions Assumptions, Inconsistencies" (PDF). Cabin Crew Safety. The Flight Safety Foundation. 33 (6). November–December 1998. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
"Stress, Behavior, Training and Safety (in Emergency Evacuation)" (PDF). Cabin Crew Safety. The Flight Safety Foundation. 25 (3). May–June 1990. Retrieved February 10, 2009.
Corrigan, Douglas (April 2011). "The Demise of the Airline Pilot". Culture Wars.
Process Pictures, LLC (2012). "'The Miracle on the Hudson' Teaser". Vimeo.
"Hudson Miracle Approach Chart". Jeppesen.
"Photos of the Airbus". Airliners.net.
Gould, Joe (January 17, 2009). "Stayed high & dry on my trip to N.C". Daily News. New York.
[show]
v
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← 2008
Aviation accidents and incidents in 2009 (2009)
2010 →
Jan 15 Makhachkala Il-76 collision
Jan 15 US Airways Flight 1549
Jan 17 Gabonese helicopter crash
Feb 7 Manaus Aerotáxi crash
Feb 12 Colgan Air Flight 3407
Feb 25 Turkish Airlines Flight 1951
Mar 12 Cougar Helicopters Flight 91
Mar 20 Emirates Flight 407
Mar 23 FedEx Express Flight 80
Mar 25 Medair TC-HEK helicopter crash
Apr 1 Bond Helicopters Flight 85N
Apr 6 Indonesian Air Force Fokker F27 crash
Apr 9 Aviastar BAe 146 crash
Apr 17 Mimika Air Flight 514
Apr 19 CanJet Flight 918
May 3 Táchira helicopter crash
May 20 Indonesian Air Force L-100-30(P) crash
Jun 1 Air France Flight 447
Jun 30 Yemenia Flight 626
Jul 3 Pakistan Army Mi-17 crash
Jul 13 Southwest Airlines Flight 2294
Jul 15 Caspian Airlines Flight 7908
Jul 24 Aria Air Flight 1525
Aug 2 Merpati Nusantara Flight 9760
Aug 4 Bangkok Airways Flight 266
Aug 8 Hudson River mid-air collision
Aug 11 Airlines PNG Flight 4684
Aug 26 Aéro-Frêt Antonov An-12 crash
Sep 2 Andhra Pradesh helicopter crash
Sep 9 Aeroméxico Flight 576
Sep 22 IRIAF Ilyushin Il-76 loss
Sep 24 Airlink Flight 8911
Oct 21 Azza Transport Flight 2241
Oct 21 Northwest Airlines Flight 188
Oct 22 Divi Divi Air Flight 014
Oct 29 California mid-air collision
Nov 1 Yakutia Il-76 crash
Nov 12 RwandAir Flight 205
Nov 18 Norfolk Island Westwind ditching
Nov 28 Avient Aviation Flight 324
Dec 22 American Airlines Flight 331
Dec 25 Northwest Airlines Flight 253
[show]
v
t
e
Airliner accidents and incidents involving ditching
Pan Am Flight 526A (1952)
Swissair Convair CV-240 (1954)
KLM Flight 633 (1954)
Pan Am Flight 845/26 (1955)
Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2 (1956)
Pan Am Flight 6 (1956)
Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-124 (1963)
Japan Airlines Flight 2 (1968)
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Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
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Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
ISO 4 abbreviation
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
Discipline
Biochemistry
Language
English
Publication details
Publisher
Elsevier
Publication history
1947-present
Frequency
100/year
Open access
Hybrid
Indexing
ISSN
0006-3002
Links
Journal homepage
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in the field of biochemistry and biophysics that was established in 1947. The journal is published by Elsevier with a total of 100 annual issues in nine specialised sections.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Early years
1.2 Diversification
2 Modern journal
2.1 Indexing and online journal
3 References
4 Further reading
5 External links
History[edit]
Early years[edit]
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta was first published in 1947 and was the first international journal to be devoted to the joint fields of biochemistry and biophysics.[1] Published by Elsevier in cooperation with Interscience, it was the first international journal to be launched by Elsevier.[1] The journal first made a profit in 1951.[1]
Early papers were published in English, French, and German, with summaries in all three languages.[2] The majority of papers in the first volume originated in northern and western Europe, with a minority from the USA and elsewhere; contributors included William Astbury, Jean Brachet, Hubert Chantrenne, Pierre Desnuelle, Claude Fromageot, Heinz Holter, Raymond Jeener, Felix Haurowitz, Edgar Lederer, Kaj Linderstrøm-Lang, Roger Vendrely, Jean-Marie Wiame, and Ralph W.G. Wyckoff.[3][original research?]
Important papers from these early years include "Studies on the structure of ribonucleic acids" by Boris Magasanik and Erwin Chargaff (1951),[4] part of the evidence on which Watson and Crick's model of the structure of DNA was based, and "Enzymic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid" by Arthur Kornberg and colleagues (1956),[5] an early report on the isolation of DNA polymerase I.[1]
Diversification[edit]
Early cover of the General Subjects section
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta was published as a single title until 1962, when additional sections began to be published alongside the main journal: first Specialized Section on Nucleic Acids and Related Subjects and then, from 1963, Specialized Section on Enzymological Subjects and Specialized Section on Lipids and Related Subjects.[6]
In 1964, the main journal became Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – General Subjects, and was published alongside the three established sections plus Specialized Section on Biophysical Subjects and Specialized Section on Mucoproteins and Mucopolysaccharides. In 1965, the specialist sections were renamed, becoming Biophysics including Photosynthesis, Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis, Enzymology and Biological Oxidation, Lipids and Lipid Metabolism and Mucoproteins and Mucopolysaccharides (ceased in 1965). In 1967, Biophysics including Photosynthesis split into Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, and Enzymology and Biological Oxidation split into Enzymology and Protein Structure; the latter pair rejoined in 1982 to become Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology. Further sections were Molecular Cell Research, launched in 1982, and Molecular Basis of Disease, launched in 1990.[6]
In addition to the specialised research sections, three review sections were launched in the early 1970s: Reviews on Biomembranes (1972–2000), Reviews on Bioenergetics (1973–87) and Reviews on Cancer (from 1974). The former two were later incorporated into the respective research sections.[6]
Further name changes are given in the table in the following section.
Modern journal[edit]
As of 2008, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta encompasses nine specialised sections with a total of 100 annual issues in ten volumes. Over 16,000 pages were published in 2011. The journal sections are published separately, with one annual volume per section (two for Reviews on Cancer), but form part of the volume numbering for Biochimica et Biophysica Acta.[6] Sections are available individually or as part of a combined subscription. All papers are in English.[7] The overall editor-in-chief is Ulrich Brandt (Goethe University Frankfurt, Germany).[8]
The sections published in 2014 were as follows:[6]
Name
ISSN
Annual issues
Impact factor[9]
Notes
BBA – Bioenergetics[10] ISSN 0005-2728 12 5.353 Commenced 1967; formerly part of BBA – Biophysics including Photosynthesis (1965–1966). Incorporates BBA – Reviews on Bioenergetics
BBA – Biomembranes[11] ISSN 0005-2736 12 3.836 Commenced 1967; formerly part of BBA – Biophysics including Photosynthesis (1965–6). Incorporates BBA – Reviews on Biomembranes
BBA – Gene Regulatory Mechanisms[12] ISSN 1874-9399 12 6.332 Commenced 2008; continuation of BBA – Gene Structure and Expression (0167-4781; 1982–2007), BBA – Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis (1963–1981) and BBA – Specialized Section on Nucleic Acids and Related Subjects (1962–4)
BBA – General Subjects[13] ISSN 0304-4165 12 4.381 Commenced 1964; continuation of Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
BBA – Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids[14] ISSN 1388-1981 12 5.162 Commenced 1998; continuation of BBA – Lipids and Lipid Metabolism (1965–98) and BBA – Specialized Section on Lipids and Related Subjects (1963–4)
BBA – Molecular Basis of Disease[15] ISSN 0925-4439 12 4.882 Commenced 1990
BBA – Molecular Cell Research[16] ISSN 0167-4889 12 5.019 Commenced 1982
BBA – Proteins and Proteomics[17] ISSN 1570-9639 12 3.016 Commenced 2002; continuation of BBA – Protein Structure and Molecular Enzymology (1982–2002), BBA – Enzymology (1967–81), BBA – Protein Structure (1967–81), BBA – Enzymology and Biological Oxidation (1965–66), BBA – Specialized Section on Enzymological Subjects (1963–4)
BBA – Reviews on Cancer[18] ISSN 0304-419X 4 7.845 Commenced 1974
Indexing and online journal[edit]
BBA is abstracted and indexed by BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts Service, Current Contents/Life Sciences, EMBASE, EMBiology, Index Chemicus, MEDLINE/Index Medicus, Science Citation Index, and Sociedad Iberoamericana de Informacion Cientifica.[19]
Articles are available online as PDFs and HTML; access is largely limited to subscribers, with a small number of sponsored open-access articles.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d A short history of Elsevier (Elsevier; 2005) (accessed 12 December 2008)
Jump up ^ NLM Catalog (search on "0217513[NlmId]") (accessed 12 December 2008)
Jump up ^ Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Vol. 1 (accessed 12 December 2008)
Jump up ^ Magasanik B, Chargaff E. (1951) Studies on the structure of ribonucleic acids. Biochem Biophys Acta 7: 396–412 (abstract)
Jump up ^ Kornberg A, Lehman IR, Bessman MJ, Simms ES. (1956) Enzymic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem Biophys Acta 21: 197–198
^ Jump up to: a b c d e OHSU Library: BBA Decoder (accessed 10 December 2008)
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA – Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Guide for Authors (accessed 13 December 2008)]
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA – Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Editorial Board (accessed 12 December 2008)
Jump up ^ "Web of Science". 2014. Retrieved 2014-07-08.
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA – Bioenergetics (accessed 21 April 2011)
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA – Biomembranes (accessed 21 April 2011)
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms (accessed 21 April 2011)
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA – General Subjects (accessed 21 April 2011)
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA – Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (accessed 21 April 2011)
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA – Molecular Basis of Disease (accessed 21 April 2011)
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA – Molecular Cell Research (accessed 21 April 2011)
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA – Proteins and Proteomics (accessed 21 April 2011)
Jump up ^ Elsevier: BBA – Reviews on Cancer (accessed 21 April 2011)
Jump up ^ Elsevier: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: Abstracting and Indexing (accessed 10 December 2008)
Further reading[edit]
E.C. Slater (1986). Biochimica et Biophysica Acta: The Story of a Biochemical Journal. Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-80769-1.
External links[edit]
Official website
BBA Special Issue Overview website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biochimica_et_Biophysica_Acta&oldid=797894250"
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Official party status
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Official party status refers to the Canadian practice of recognizing political parties in the Parliament of Canada and the provincial legislatures. In official documents, this is sometimes referred to as being a recognized party (French: parti reconnu). The type of recognition and threshold needed to obtain it varies. However, the most coveted privileges are funding for party research offices and the right to ask questions during Question Period.
Recognition in Parliament allows parties certain parliamentary privileges. Generally official party status is dependent on winning a minimum number of seats (that is, the number of Members of Parliament or Members of the Legislative Assembly elected).
Federally, the idea of recognizing parties for official status started in 1963.[1] Prior to this, the only opposition recognition was that of the Leader of the Opposition, effectively limiting "official status" to the Government and the largest Opposition party. It was not until 1970 that the Elections Act was amended to allow parties to register and thus have their party name on the ballot.
Rules on official party status are not laws, but are internal rules governing the legislature. Therefore, the members of a legislature may, if they choose, pass a motion to dispense with the rules and grant official status to parties that would otherwise fail to qualify. There are many examples of this practice.
Minimum seats required for official party status
Assembly
Minimum
House of Commons of Canada 12 seats
Senate of Canada 5 seats
Alberta Legislative Assembly 4 seats, although status has been granted to parties with only 2 seats a number of times.
British Columbia Legislative Assembly 4 seats
Manitoba Legislative Assembly 4 seats
New Brunswick Legislative Assembly 5 seats or 20% of the popular vote
Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly 4 seats
Nova Scotia House of Assembly 2 seats
Ontario Legislative Assembly 8 seats[2]
Prince Edward Island Legislative Assembly There is no official rule, but precedent shows that only one seat is required.
Quebec National Assembly 12 seats or 20% of the popular vote
Saskatchewan Legislative Assembly 2 seats
Contents
[hide]
1 Special cases
1.1 House of Commons
1.2 Senate
1.3 Alberta
1.4 British Columbia
1.5 New Brunswick
1.6 Ontario
1.7 Quebec
2 Registered Parties
3 See also
4 References
Special cases[edit]
House of Commons[edit]
Since 1985,[3] a party must have at least 12 seats to be recognized as an official party[4] in the House of Commons. Recognition means that the party will get time to ask questions during question period, and money for research and staff (both are proportional to the number of seats.)
Senate[edit]
In the Senate, a party must have five seats and must be registered by Elections Canada. Once the party has been recognized in the Senate, it retains its status even if it becomes deregistered, so long as it keeps at least five seats. This rule means that the rump Progressive Conservative Party caucus in the Senate qualified for official status after the rest of that party merged into the Conservative Party of Canada.
In 2016, Senators without any party affiliation formed the Independent Senators Group, which has been granted some privileges similar to those of a party.
Alberta[edit]
In the general elections of 1997, 2001, and 2008 the Alberta New Democratic Party failed to win the requisite four seats to gain official party status in the Legislature. Nevertheless, the Progressive Conservative granted party status to the NDP after each election.
British Columbia[edit]
In 2001, B.C. Premier Gordon Campbell was criticized for his decision not to grant the British Columbia New Democratic Party official party status; it was the only opposition party in the legislature, but it had won only two seats in the last election.
New Brunswick[edit]
In New Brunswick, parties require 5 seats or 20% of the popular vote to get official party status. However, parties with one or more seats have been allowed time in Question Period with consent of other parties.The Liberals won every seat in New Brunswick's legislature in 1987. The government allowed the Progressive Conservative Party, which finished second place in the election in the number of votes received, to submit written questions to ministers during Question Period.
Ontario[edit]
Following the 1999 Ontario general election, the Ontario New Democratic Party were reduced to nine seats in the legislature. The rules at the time of the election called for parties to hold 12 seats to maintain party status. Premier Mike Harris, citing the reduction in seats from 130 to 103 (-20.76%), subsequently lowered the required number of seats for official party status from 12 to 8 (33 1/3%). The mathematically corresponding cut would therefore have been from 12 seats to 9 seats (25%, slightly higher than the seat reduction), or to 10 seats (16 2/3%, slightly lower).
In the 2003 election, the New Democrats won only seven seats in the Ontario Legislative Assembly. The new Liberal government refused to accord official party status to the NDP, with Premier Dalton McGuinty instead offering the NDP would receive additional funding in return for accepting their status as independents; NDP leader Howard Hampton refused and disrupted the throne speech in protest.[5] MPP Marilyn Churley threatened to legally change her surname to "Churley-NDP" so that the Speaker would be forced to say NDP when recognizing her in the House (a non-official party loses the right to have its members addressed in the Legislature by party affiliation). The PC's Bill Murdoch also considered joining the NDP caucus to help them make official status.[6] Andrea Horwath's by-election win in May 2004 regained official party status for the NDP.[7]
After Churley resigned to run in the 2006 federal election, bringing the party to only seven members again, the government decided to allow the NDP to retain official status pending the results of the by-election to replace her, which the NDP won.
Quebec[edit]
In 1989, the Equality Party won four seats in Quebec's National Assembly (eight seats short of the total needed for official status). Although it did not receive official party status, its members were granted some of the privileges of an official party: their seats in the Assembly were placed together, as were their offices in the Parliament Building. They were also granted a limited number of opportunities to ask questions during Question Period. This precedent was followed when Action démocratique du Québec elected four members in 2003 and seven members in 2008. However, when the seven former ADQ members joined with two former Parti Québécois members in January 2012 to form Coalition Avenir Québec, the governing Liberals and opposition Parti Québécois refused to grant any status to the new party, requiring all nine members to sit as independents.
Registered Parties[edit]
Official party status is not to be confused with being a registered party. A political party (even if they have no parliamentary seats) may register with Elections Canada or a provincial chief electoral officer. Doing so allows the political party to run candidates for office during elections, issue tax receipts for donations, and spend money on advertising and campaigning during election campaigns. In return, the party must obey campaign spending and donation limits, disclose the source of large donations, and obey various election laws.
See also[edit]
List of political parties in Canada
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/LOP/ResearchPublications/bp243-e.htm
Jump up ^ Legislative Assembly Act, RSO 1990, c L10, s 62(5), [1].
Jump up ^ "House of Commons Procedure and Practice, Second Edition". Parliament of Canada. 2009. Parliamentary Institutions, Political Parties. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Board of Internal Economy, Members By-Law". Parliament of Canada. 2012. Parliamentary Institutions, Political Parties. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ "Ontario MPPs play party games". CBC News. 10 November 2003.
Jump up ^ [3]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Official_party_status&oldid=783206043"
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