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Piccadilly Circus
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For the song, see Piccadilly Circus (song).
Piccadilly Circus
Piccadilly Circus in 2012
Location
London, United Kingdom
Coordinates
51°30′36″N 0°8′4″W / 51.51000°N 0.13444°W / 51.51000; -0.13444Coordinates: 51°30′36″N 0°8′4″W / 51.51000°N 0.13444°W / 51.51000; -0.13444
Roads at
junction
Regent Street, Shaftesbury Avenue, The Haymarket, Coventry Street and Glasshouse Street
Construction
Type
Road junction
Opened
1819
Piccadilly Circus is a road junction and public space of London's West End in the City of Westminster. It was built in 1819 to connect Regent Street with Piccadilly. In this context, a circus, from the Latin word meaning "circle", is a round open space at a street junction.[1]
Piccadilly now links directly to the theatres on Shaftesbury Avenue, as well as the Haymarket, Coventry Street (onwards to Leicester Square) and Glasshouse Street. The Circus is close to major shopping and entertainment areas in the West End. Its status as a major traffic junction has made Piccadilly Circus a busy meeting place and a tourist attraction in its own right. The Circus is particularly known for its video display and neon signs mounted on the corner building on the northern side, as well as the Shaftesbury memorial fountain and statue, which is popularly, though mistakenly, believed to be of Eros. It is surrounded by several notable buildings, including the London Pavilion and Criterion Theatre. Directly underneath the plaza is Piccadilly Circus Underground station, part of the London Underground system.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Location and sights
2.1 Illuminated signs
2.2 Shaftesbury Memorial and the statue of Anteros
2.3 Criterion Theatre
2.4 London Pavilion
2.5 Major shops
3 Underground station and the Bakerloo and Piccadilly lines
4 Demonstrations
5 In popular culture
6 See also
7 References
7.1 Notes
7.2 Sources
8 External links
History[edit]
Piccadilly Circus in 1949
Piccadilly Circus in 1896, with a view towards Leicester Square via Coventry Street. London Pavilion is on the left, and Criterion Theatre on the right.
Piccadilly Circus in 1962
Signs in 1992
Picadilly Circus in 2016
Piccadilly Circus connects to Piccadilly, a thoroughfare whose name first appeared in 1626 as Piccadilly Hall, named after a house belonging to one Robert Baker, a tailor famous for selling piccadills, or piccadillies, a term used for various kinds of collars. The street was known as Portugal Street in 1692 in honour of Catherine of Braganza, the queen consort of King Charles II but was known as Piccadilly by 1743. Piccadilly Circus was created in 1819, at the junction with Regent Street, which was then being built under the planning of John Nash on the site of a house and garden belonging to a Lady Hutton. Around 1858 it was briefly known as Regent's Circus.[2] The circus lost its circular form in 1886 with the construction of Shaftesbury Avenue.
The junction has been a very busy traffic interchange since construction, as it lies at the centre of Theatreland and handles exit traffic from Piccadilly, which Charles Dickens Jr. described in 1879: "Piccadilly, the great thoroughfare leading from the Haymarket and Regent-street westward to Hyde Park-corner, is the nearest approach to the Parisian boulevard of which London can boast."
Piccadilly Circus station was opened on 10 March 1906, on the Bakerloo line, and on the Piccadilly line in December of that year. In 1928, the station was extensively rebuilt to handle an increase in traffic. The junction's first electric advertisements appeared in 1910, and, from 1923, electric billboards were set up on the façade of the London Pavilion. Traffic lights were first installed on 3 August 1926.
During World War II many servicemen's clubs in the West End served American soldiers based in Britain. So many prostitutes roamed the area approaching the soldiers that they received the nickname "Piccadilly Commandos", and both Scotland Yard and the Foreign Office discussed possible damage to Anglo-American relations.[3]
At the start of the 1960s, it was determined that the Circus needed to be redeveloped to allow for greater traffic flow. In 1962, Lord Holford presented a plan which would have created a "double-decker" Piccadilly Circus; the upper deck would have been an elevated pedestrian concourse linking the buildings around the perimeter of the Circus, with the lower deck being solely for traffic, most of the ground-level pedestrian areas having been removed to allow for greater vehicle flow. This concept was kept alive throughout the rest of the 1960s. A final scheme in 1972 proposed three octagonal towers (the highest 240 feet (73 m) tall) to replace the Trocadero, the Criterion and the "Monico" buildings.[4] The plans were permanently rejected by Sir Keith Joseph and Ernest Marples; the key reason given was that Holford's scheme only allowed for a 20% increase in traffic, and the Government required 50%.
The Holford plan is referenced in the short-form documentary film "Goodbye, Piccadilly", produced by the Rank Organisation in 1967 as part of their Look at Life series when it was still seriously expected that Holford's recommendations would be acted upon. Piccadilly Circus has since escaped major redevelopment, apart from extensive ground-level pedestrianisation around its south side in the 1980s.
The Circus has been targeted by Irish republican terrorists multiple times. On 24 June 1939 an explosion occurred, though no injuries were caused.[5] On 25 November 1974 a bomb injured 16 people.[6] A 2 lb bomb exploded on 6 October 1992, injuring five people.[7]
The Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain in Piccadilly Circus was erected in 1893 to commemorate the philanthropic works of Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury. During the Second World War, the statue atop the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain was removed and was replaced by advertising hoardings. It was returned in 1948. When the Circus underwent reconstruction work in the late 1980s, the entire fountain was moved from the centre of the junction at the beginning of Shaftesbury Avenue to its present position at the southwestern corner.
Location and sights[edit]
Piccadilly Circus is surrounded by several major tourist attractions, including the Shaftesbury Memorial, Criterion Theatre, London Pavilion and several major retail stores. Numerous nightclubs, restaurants and bars are located in the area and neighbouring Soho, including the former Chinawhite club.
Panorama of Piccadilly Circus in 2015 from the southern side in front of Lillywhites
Illuminated signs[edit]
Illuminated signs of Piccadilly Circus at dawn, 2014
The Ballet of Change: Piccadilly Circus screening on the Coca-Cola Billboard, 2007
Piccadilly Circus was surrounded by illuminated advertising hoardings on buildings, starting in 1908 with a Perrier sign,[8] but only one building now carries them, the one in the northwestern corner between Shaftesbury Avenue and Glasshouse Street. The site is unnamed (usually referred to as "Monico" after the Café Monico, which used to be on the site); its addresses are 44/48 Regent Street, 1/6 Sherwood Street, 17/22 Denman Street and 1/17 Shaftesbury Avenue, and it has been owned by property investor Land Securities Group since the 1970s.
The earliest signs used incandescent light bulbs; these were replaced with neon lights and with moving signs (there was a large Guinness clock at one time). The first Neon sign was for the British meat extract Bovril.[9] From December 1998, digital projectors were used for the Coke sign, the square's first digital billboard,[10] while in the 2000s there was a gradual move to LED displays, which completely replaced neon lamps by 2011. The number of signs has reduced over the years as the rental costs have increased.
On 16 January 2017, the six advertising screens were switched off as part of their combination into one large ultra-high definition curved Daktronics display, turning the signs off during renovation for the longest time since the 1940s. On 26 October 2017, the new screen was switched on for the first time.[11]
As of 2016, the site has six LED advertising screens above three large retail units facing Piccadilly Circus on the north side, occupied by Boots, Gap and a mix of smaller retail, restaurant and office premises fronting the other streets. A Burger King located under the Samsung advert, which had been a Wimpy Bar until 1989, closed in early 2008 and was converted into a Barclays Bank.
Coca-Cola has had a sign at Piccadilly Circus since 1954.[12] The current placed sign dates from September 2003, when the previous digital projector board and the site that had been occupied by Nescafé was replaced with a state-of-the-art LED video display that curves round with the building. Before Nescafé, a neon advertisement for Foster's occupied the spot from 1987 until 1999, and from 1978 to 1987 it was used by Philips Electronics. On 23 November 2007, the first film was broadcast through the board. The screen also displays information about line closures and delays on the London Underground. Paul Atherton's film The Ballet of Change: Piccadilly Circus was allowed five minutes to show the first non-commercial film depicting the history of Piccadilly Circus and the lights. The former, for several months in 2002, replacing the Nescafé sign, was a sign featuring the quote "Imagine all the people living life in peace" by Beatle John Lennon. This was paid for by his widow Yoko Ono, who spent an estimated £150,000 to display an advert at this location.[13]
Hyundai Motors sign launched on 29 September 2011.[14] It replaced a sign for Sanyo which had occupied the space since around early 1988 (slightly modified in 2004), the last to be run by traditional neon lights rather than Hyundai's computerised LED screen. Earlier Sanyo signs with older logos had occupied the position since 1978, although these were only half the size of the current space.[15]
McDonald's added its sign in 1987, replacing one for BASF. The sign was changed from neon to LED in 2001. A bigger, brighter screen was installed by Daktronics in 2008.[16]
Samsung added its sign in November 1994,[17] the space having been previously occupied by Canon (1978–84) and Panasonic (1984–94). The sign was changed from neon to LED in summer 2005. The screen was upgraded and improved in autumn 2011.
One Piccadilly, the highest resolution of all the LED displays was installed by Daktronics, in late 2013, underneath the Samsung and McDonald's signs. It allows other companies to advertise for both short- and long-term leases, increasing the amount of advertising space but using the same screen for multiple brands. Prior to this an earlier, smaller LED screen called Piccadilly Lite occupied the space from 3 December 2007 to 2013. The space has also been occupied by JVC (1978–84), Carlsberg (1984–2003) and Budweiser (2003–07).
The Curve, a similar space to One Picadilly, was added in 2015, replacing a space previously occupied by Schweppes (1920–61), BP (1961–67), Cinzano (1967–78), Fujifilm (1978–86), Kodak (1986–90) and TDK (1990-2015).[18] Burberry is currently using the space as of December 2015.
LG were added in February 2007 on the roof of Coventry House, which diagonally faces Piccadilly Circus.[19] Their sign is a large LED video advertising display for LGE, the British arm of the South Korean electronics group. The new display also incorporates a scrolling ticker of Sky News headlines. Before LG, Vodafone had a neon sign installed on that spot, which displayed both their logo and personal messages that could be submitted on a special website and displayed at a certain time and date.
On special occasions the lights are switched off, such as the deaths of Winston Churchill in 1965 and Diana, Princess of Wales in 1997. On 21 June 2007, they were switched off for one hour as part of the Lights Out London campaign.[20]
Other companies and brands that have had signs on the site were Bovril, Volkswagen, Max Factor, Wrigley's Spearmint, Skol, Air India and Gold Flake (as Will's Gold Flake Cigarettes).[21]
Shaftesbury Memorial and the statue of Anteros[edit]
Main article: Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain
Tourists sitting on the steps of the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain
At the southeastern side of the Circus, moved after World War II from its original position in the centre, stands the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain, erected in 1892–1893 to commemorate the philanthropic works of Lord Shaftesbury, a Victorian politician, philanthropist and social reformer. The subject of the Memorial is the Greek god Anteros and was given the name The Angel of Christian Charity but is generally mistaken for his brother Eros.[22]
Criterion Theatre[edit]
Main article: Criterion Theatre
The Criterion Theatre, a Grade II* listed building, stands on the south side of Piccadilly Circus. Apart from the box office area, the entire theatre, with nearly 600 seats, is underground and is reached by descending a tiled stairway. Columns are used to support both the dress circle and the upper circle, restricting the views of many of the seats inside.
The theatre was designed by Thomas Verity and opened as a theatre on 21 March 1874, although original plans were for it to become a concert hall. In 1883, it was forced to close to improve ventilation and to replace gaslights with electric lights and was reopened the following year. The theatre closed in 1989 and was extensively renovated, reopening in October 1992.
London Pavilion[edit]
Main article: London Pavilion
On the northeastern side of Piccadilly Circus, on the corner between Shaftesbury Avenue and Coventry Street, is the London Pavilion. The first building bearing the name was built in 1859 and was a music hall. In 1885, Shaftesbury Avenue was built through the former site of the Pavilion, and a new London Pavilion was constructed, which also served as a music hall. In 1924 electric billboards were erected on the side of the building.
Facade of the London Pavilion in 2002
In 1934, the building underwent significant structural alteration and was converted into a cinema. In 1986, the building was rebuilt, preserving the 1885 facade, and converted into a shopping arcade. In 2000, the building was connected to the neighbouring Trocadero Centre, and signage on the building was altered in 2003 to read "London Trocadero". The basement of the building connects with the Underground station.
Major shops[edit]
The former Swan & Edgar department store on the west side of the circus between Piccadilly and Regent Street was built in 1928–29 to a design by Reginald Blomfield.[23] Since the closure of the department store in the early 1980s, the building has been successively the flagship London store of music chains Tower Records, Virgin Megastore and Zavvi. The current occupier is clothing brand The Sting.
Lillywhites is a major retailer of sporting goods located on the corner of the circus and Lower Regent Street, next to the Shaftesbury fountain. It moved to its present site in 1925. Lillywhites is popular with tourists, and they regularly offer sale items, including international football jerseys up to 90% off. Nearby Fortnum & Mason is often considered to be part of the Piccadilly Circus shopping area and is known for its expansive food hall.[24]
Underground station and the Bakerloo and Piccadilly lines[edit]
Inside Piccadilly Circus tube station
Main article: Piccadilly Circus tube station
The Piccadilly Circus station on the London Underground is located directly beneath Piccadilly Circus itself, with entrances at every corner. It is one of the few stations which have no associated buildings above ground and is fully underground. The below ground concourse and subway entrances are Grade II listed.[25]
The station is on the Piccadilly line between Green Park and Leicester Square, and the Bakerloo line between Charing Cross and Oxford Circus.
Demonstrations[edit]
The Circus' status as a high-profile public space has made it the destination for numerous political demonstrations, including the February 15, 2003 anti-war protest[26] and the "Carnival Against Capitalism" protest against the 39th G8 summit in 2013.[27]
In popular culture[edit]
Main article: Piccadilly Circus in popular culture
Picadilly Circus, 1969; From the portfolio Untitled (Five Overpainted Picadilly Prints).
The phrase it's like Piccadilly Circus is commonly used in the UK to refer to a place or situation which is extremely busy with people. It has been said that a person who stays long enough at Piccadilly Circus will eventually bump into everyone they know. Probably because of this connection, during World War II, "Piccadilly Circus" was the code name given to the Allies' D-Day invasion fleet's assembly location in the English Channel.[28]
Piccadilly Circus has inspired artists and musicians. Piccadilly Circus (1912) is the name and subject of a painting by British artist Charles Ginner, part of the Tate Britain collection. Sculptor Paul McCarthy also has a 320-page two-volume edition of video stills by the name of Piccadilly Circus. Bob Marley mentioned Piccadilly Circus in his song "Kinky Reggae", on the Catch a Fire album from 1973.
L. S. Lowry R.A painting Piccadilly Circus, London (1960), part of Lord Charles Forte's collection for almost three decades,[29] sold for £5,641,250 when auctioned for the first time at Christie's 20th Century British & Irish Art sale on 16 November 2011.[30]
See also[edit]
London portal
Cambridge Circus, London
Chinawhite (nightclub)
Oxford Circus
Punto Obelisco (Obelisk Point, Buenos Aires)
Shaftesbury Avenue
Shibuya, noted public space and crossroads in Tokyo
Times Square, noted road junction and public space in New York
Yonge-Dundas Square a major public square with commercial signage in Toronto
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "circus", Oxford English Dictionary 2nd Edition 1989
Jump up ^ Rammell’s 1858 map of original Pneumatic Despatch Railway routes and terminii (Credit: Royal Mail Group Ltd. 2013), 1858, retrieved 13 April 2015
Jump up ^ Tweedie, Neil (1 November 2005). "How our Piccadilly Commandos had the GIs surrounded". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Pevsner & Cherry 1973, p. 756.
Jump up ^ https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/feb/04/nationalarchives.uknews4
Jump up ^ http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/othelem/chron/ch74.htm#Nov
Jump up ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/two-bombs-bring-chaos-to-london-1556056.html
Jump up ^ "The rebuilding of Piccadilly Circus and the Regent Street Quadrant". British History Online. London County Council. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Piccadilly Lights: A timeline". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "Piccadilly shows sign of the times". BBC News. 16 December 1998.
Jump up ^ "Piccadilly Circus lights to be switched off for revamp". BBC News. 8 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Mark Sinclair (24 June 2011). "The making of a Coca-Cola neon sign, 1954". Creative Review. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Peachey, Paul (5 March 2002). "Imagine: some peace in Piccadilly Circus". The Independent. London. . Coca Cola, Diet Coke, Coca Cola Zero, Fanta, Sprite and Vitamin Water have all been advertised in the space.
Jump up ^ Durrani, Arif (29 September 2011). "Hyundai replaces Sanyo as Piccadilly Circus advertiser". Media Week. London.
Jump up ^ Demetriou, Danielle (16 February 2011). "Red Sanyo sign in Piccadilly Circus to be switched off". The Telegraph. London.
Jump up ^ BROOKINGS, S. D. (25 August 2009). "Interactive Display at Piccadilly Circus launches McDonald's and Daktronics in the Spotlight". Daktronics. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
Jump up ^ Monkey (11 March 2015). "TDK ad at Piccadilly Circus: lights go out on 25 years of history". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Jurrien, Ralf (14 February 2007). "LG giant LED screen in Piccadilly Circus LetsGoMobile". LetsGoMobile. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
Jump up ^ BBC NEWS | England | London | London lights out for environment They were also switched off as part of Earth Hour from 8.30 pm til 9.30 pm on 28 March 2009.
Jump up ^ Marshall, Prince (1972). Wheels of London. The Sunday Times Magazine ISBN 0-7230-0068-9. pp. 136–143.
Jump up ^ Lloyd & Mitchinson (2006) The book of general ignorance "Because of the bow and the nudity... everybody assumed it was Eros, the Greek god of love"
Jump up ^ Pevsner & Cherry 1973, pp. 639–40.
Jump up ^ "Things to do in London, London Events - Spoonfed". www.spoonfed.co.uk.
Jump up ^ Historic England. "Piccadilly Circus Underground Station Booking Hall Concourse and Bronzework to Pavement Subway Entrances (1226877)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Photograph: Andrew Parsons, PA. "West End congestion (15.02.03: Stop the war protest). Marches from two central London starting points converge at Piccadilly Circus". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
Jump up ^ "Riot police in Soho as stop G8 protests start". LBC. Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 2017-06-02.
Jump up ^ The Editors of American Heritage (1962). D-Day, The Invasion of Europe. New York, New York: American Heritage Publishing Co, Inc. p. 36. . . .the ten-mile (16 km) circle in the Channel nicknamed Piccadilly Circus, where the troop convoys would meet . . .
Jump up ^ Association, Press (2 October 2011). "LS Lowry painting set to fetch £6m at auction" – via The Guardian.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
Sources[edit]
Books
Dickens, Charles Jr. (1993) [1888, 1879]. "Piccadilly (online copy)". Dickens's Dictionary of London, 1888 (facsimile ed.). Devon: Old House Books. ISBN 1-873590-04-0.
Harris, C. M. What's in a name? The origins of the names of all stations in current use on the London Underground and Docklands Light rail with their opening dates. Midas Books and London Transport, fourth edition, 2001. ISBN 1-85414-241-0.
Lange, D. The Queen's London: A Pictorial and Descriptive Record of the Streets, Buildings, Parks and Scenery of the Great Metropolis. Cassell and Company, London, 1896.
Mills, Anthony David Dictionary of London Place Names. Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-19-280106-6.
Pevsner, Nickolaus; Cherry, Bridget (1973). London Volume One: The Cities of London and Westminster. The Buildings of England (third ed.). Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-071012-4.
Piccadilly Circus: From Controversy to Reconstruction. Greater London Council, 1980. ISBN 0-7168-1145-6.
Articles and websites
Hadley, P. "Piccadilly Circus, How a typical 1906 London tube station was built", Underground News 412, April 1996.
Jacob, S. "Review: Piccadilly Circus", Icon Magazine, November 2003.
"London lights out for environment", News. BBC.co.uk, 22 June 2007
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piccadilly Circus.
Piccadilly.london Things to do in Piccadilly area
Theatre History
This is London theatre guide to Criterion Theatre
Metallurgical study of the statue of Eros following restoration in 1990
Map from www.streetmap.co.uk
Aerial photo from maps.google.com
London Landscape TV episode (5 mins) about Piccadilly Circus
The Lights of Piccadilly
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A Star Is Born (2018 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A Star Is Born
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Bradley Cooper
Produced by
Bill Gerber
Jon Peters[1]
Bradley Cooper
Todd Phillips
Lynette Howell Taylor[2]
Screenplay by
Eric Roth
Bradley Cooper
Will Fetters
Based on
A Star Is Born
by William A. Wellman
Robert Carson
Dorothy Parker
Alan Campbell
Starring
Bradley Cooper
Lady Gaga
Andrew Dice Clay
Dave Chappelle
Sam Elliott
Cinematography
Matthew Libatique[2]
Edited by
Jay Cassidy[2]
Production
companies
Warner Bros. Pictures
Live Nation Productions
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures
Gerber Pictures
Peters Entertainment[3]
Joint Effort[4]
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures[5]
Release date
August 31, 2018 (2018-08-31) (Venice)
October 5, 2018 (2018-10-05) (United States)
Running time
135 minutes[6]
Country
United States
Budget
$36–40 million[7][8]
Box office
$254.6 million[9]
A Star Is Born is a 2018 American music-themed romantic drama film produced and directed by Bradley Cooper (in his directorial debut) and written by Cooper, Eric Roth and Will Fetters. A remake of the 1937 film of the same name, it stars Cooper, Lady Gaga, Andrew Dice Clay, Dave Chappelle, and Sam Elliott, and follows a hard-drinking musician (Cooper) who discovers and falls in love with a young singer (Gaga). It marks the fourth remake of the original 1937 film, after the 1954 musical, the 1976 rock musical and the 2013 Bollywood romance film.
Talks of a remake of A Star Is Born began in 2011, with Clint Eastwood attached to direct and Beyoncé set to star. The film was in development hell for several years with various actors approached to co-star, including Christian Bale, Leonardo DiCaprio, Will Smith, and Tom Cruise. In March 2016, Cooper signed on to star and direct, and Lady Gaga joined the cast in August 2016. Principal photography began at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2017.
A Star Is Born premiered at the 75th Venice International Film Festival on August 31, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 5, 2018, by Warner Bros. The film has grossed over $254 million worldwide and received critical acclaim, with praise for Cooper, Gaga and Elliott's performances and Cooper's direction, as well as the screenplay, cinematography and music.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Music
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Accolades
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot
Jackson Maine, a famous country music singer privately battling an alcohol and drug addiction, plays a concert in California. His main support is Bobby, his manager and significantly older half-brother. After the show, Jackson happens upon a drag bar where he witnesses a performance by Ally, a waitress and singer-songwriter. Jackson is amazed by her talent; they spend the night speaking to each other, where Ally discloses to him the troubles she has faced in pursuing a professional music career.
Jackson invites Ally to his next show. Despite her initial refusal she attends and, with Jackson's encouragement, sings on stage with him. Jackson invites Ally to go on tour with him, and they form a romantic relationship. In Arizona, Ally and Jackson visit the ranch where Jackson grew up and where his father is buried, only to discover that Bobby sold the land. Angered at his betrayal, Jackson punches Bobby, who subsequently quits as his manager. Before doing so, Bobby reveals that he did inform Jackson about the sale, but the latter was too inebriated to notice.
While on tour Ally meets Rez, a record producer who offers her a contract. Although visibly bothered, Jackson still supports her decision. Rez refocuses Ally away from country music and towards pop. Jackson misses one of Ally's performances after he passes out drunk in public; he recovers at the home of his friend Noodles, and later makes up with Ally. There he proposes to Ally with a ring made from a loop of guitar string, and they are married that same day.
During Ally's performance on Saturday Night Live, Bobby reconciles with Jackson. Later, Jackson and Ally fight after he drunkenly voices his disapproval of Ally's new image and music, which is nominated for Grammy Awards. At the Grammys, a visibly intoxicated Jackson performs in a tribute to Roy Orbison, and Ally wins the Best New Artist award. When she goes up on stage to receive her award, Jackson follows her, where he wets himself and passes out. Ally's father Lorenzo berates Jackson and Ally helps him sober up. Jackson joins a drug rehabilitation program shortly thereafter.
Jackson recovers in rehab, where he discloses to his counselor that he attempted suicide as a teenager. He tearfully apologizes to Ally for his behavior, and returns home. Ally wishes to bring Jackson to perform with her on the European leg of her tour; Rez refuses, prompting Ally to cancel the remainder of the tour so she can care for Jackson.
Rez later confronts Jackson, informing him of Ally's decision to cancel her tour and accusing him of holding Ally back. That evening, Ally lies to Jackson, and tells him that her record label has cancelled her tour so she can focus on her second album. Jackson promises that he will come to her concert that night, but after Ally leaves, he hangs himself in their garage.
Ally becomes inconsolable after Jackson's death. She is visited by Bobby, who explains Jackson's death was his own fault and not hers. Ally takes a song that Jackson had written but never performed and sings it at a tribute concert, introducing herself as Ally Maine.
Cast
Bradley Cooper as Jackson Maine, an established singer-songwriter and alcoholic. He is Ally's mentor and love interest.
Lady Gaga as Ally Campana-Maine, a nightclub singer-songwriter who is discovered by Jackson.
Sam Elliott as Bobby Maine, Jackson's older brother and manager.
Dave Chappelle as George "Noodles" Stone, Jackson's close friend, himself a retired musician.
Andrew Dice Clay as Lorenzo Campana, Ally's father.
Anthony Ramos as Ramon, Ally's friend.
Michael Harney as Wolfie, a limo driver and friend of Lorenzo.
Rafi Gavron as Rez Gavron, a music producer and Ally's manager.
Additionally, Rebecca Field appears as Gail, Shangela Laquifa Wadley as the drag bar emcee, Willam Belli as drag queen Emerald, Greg Grunberg as Jackson's driver Phil, and Ron Rifkin as Carl. Lukas Nelson & Promise of the Real appear as Jackson's band, Eddie Griffin appears as a local preacher and Luenell appears as a cashier. Marlon Williams, Brandi Carlile, Halsey, Alec Baldwin, and Don Roy King cameo as themselves.
Production
Development
In January 2011, it was announced that Clint Eastwood was in talks to direct Beyoncé in a third American remake of the 1937 film A Star Is Born; however, the project was delayed due to Beyoncé's pregnancy.[10] In April 2012, writer Will Fetters told Collider that the script was inspired by Kurt Cobain.[11] Talks with Christian Bale, Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Cruise, Johnny Depp, and Will Smith to play the male lead failed to come to fruition. On October 9, 2012, Beyoncé left the project, and it was reported that Bradley Cooper was in talks to star. Eastwood was interested in Esperanza Spalding to play the female lead.[12]
On March 24, 2015, Warner Bros. announced that Cooper was in final talks to make his directorial debut with the film, and potentially to star with Beyoncé, who was again in talks to join;[13] Cooper did become the male lead.[14][15][16] On August 16, 2016, it was reported that Lady Gaga had officially become attached and the studio had green-lit the project to begin production early 2017.[17] It marks the fourth remake of the original 1937 film, after the 1954 musical, the 1976 rock musical and the 2013 Bollywood romance film.[18] On November 9, 2016, it was reported that Ray Liotta was in talks to join the film in the role of the manager to Cooper's character, though he ultimately was not involved.[19] On March 17, 2017, Sam Elliott joined the film,[20] with Andrew Dice Clay entering negotiations to play Lorenzo, the father of Lady Gaga's character.[21] Clay was selected over Robert De Niro, John Turturro and John Travolta.[22] In April 2017, Rafi Gavron, Michael Harney, and Rebecca Field also joined the cast.[23]
Filming began on April 17, 2017.[2] In May, Dave Chappelle was cast in the film.[24] In April 2018, it was announced that Halsey would have a small role.[25]
Music
Main article: A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)
After seeing him perform at Desert Trip festival, Cooper approached Lukas Nelson (son of country music singer Willie Nelson) and asked him to help work on the film. Nelson agreed and wrote several songs, which he sent to the producers.[26] Nelson subsequently met Lady Gaga and began writing songs with her and she, in turn, provided backing vocals on two tracks on his self-titled 2017 album.[27] The soundtrack, performed by Gaga and Cooper, was released on October 5, 2018, by Interscope Records. The studio announced that the album "features 19 songs in a wide range of musical styles + 15 dialogue tracks that will take you on a journey that mirrors the experience of seeing the film."[28]
Release
A Star Is Born had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on August 31, 2018.[29][30] It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival,[31] the San Sebastián International Film Festival, and the Zurich Film Festival in September 2018.[32][33] The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 5, 2018,[34] distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, after initially having been set for September 28, 2018, and May 18, 2018, releases.[35][36]
Reception
Box office
As of October 28, 2018[update], A Star Is Born has grossed $148.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $106 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $254.6 million, against a production budget of $36–40 million.[9]
In the United States and Canada, A Star Is Born grossed $1.35 million from select Tuesday and Wednesday night screenings, and $15.8 million on its first day, including $3.2 million from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $42.9 million for the weekend and finished second at the box office, behind fellow newcomer Venom.[8] The film remained in second place in its second, third and fourth weekends, grossing a respective $28 million, $19.3 million and $14.1 million.[37][38][39]
Outside North America, the film was released day-and-date with the U.S. in 31 other countries, and made $14.2 million in its opening weekend; its largest markets were the United Kingdom ($5.3 million), France ($2.1 million) and Germany ($1.9 million).[40]
Critical response
The performances of Bradley Cooper, Lady Gaga, and Sam Elliott (all three seen here at the film's screening at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival), as well as Cooper's direction, garnered widespread critical acclaim.[41][42]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, A Star Is Born holds an approval rating of 90% based on 394 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "With appealing leads, deft direction, and an affecting love story, A Star Is Born is a remake done right—and a reminder that some stories can be just as effective in the retelling."[43] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 88 out of 100, based on 60 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[44] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale,[45] while PostTrak reported film-goers gave it a 90% positive score.[8]
Alonso Duralde of TheWrap gave the film a positive review, saying, "Cooper and Lady Gaga are dynamite together; this is a story that lives and dies by the central relationship and the instant chemistry that must blossom between them, and these two have it in spades," and praised the musical numbers, describing them as "electrifying".[46] Owen Gleiberman of Variety lauded Cooper's directing, co-writing, and acting, and called the film "a transcendent Hollywood movie".[47] Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B+, singling out Gaga's performance, saying, "she deserves praise for her restrained, human-scale performance as a singer whose real-girl vulnerability feels miles away from the glittery meat-dress delirium of her own stage persona."[41] Stephanie Zacharek of Time magazine found the film superior to its previous iterations and similarly praised Cooper's direction, the writing, as well the performances and chemistry of Cooper and Gaga. She stated: "You come away feeling something for these people, flawed individuals who are trying to hold their cracked pieces of self together–or to mend the cracks of those they love," also describing Gaga's performance as a "knockout."[48]
In his review for Los Angeles Times, Justin Chang called the film "remarkable," and praised Cooper for his fresh take on the well-worn formula of 1937 film, as well his direction, the performances, writing, and the cinematography.[42] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 4.5 out of five stars, and deemed it as a "modern classic," hailing the performances of Cooper and Gaga, and Cooper's direction. He found the film's screenplay and the original songs "seamless" and "terrific," and also called the film a major Oscar contender of the year and one of the year's best films.[49] The Washington Post's Ann Hornaday described the film as "lavishly delightful" and "earthly convincing," and added that it "offers a suitably jaundiced glimpse of starmaking machinery at its most cynical, but also its most thrilling and gratifying." She similarly praised Cooper's direction, the performances and chemistry of Cooper and Gaga, and the supporting performances, particularly Andrew Dice Clay and Sam Elliott.[50]
While praising the direction, acting, and writing, Michael Phillips in the Chicago Tribune argues that a A Star is Born's formula has always been very seductive to audiences, even when it has been written poorly, and Cooper's few missteps include being a bit of a scene hog.[51] Admitting audiences love it, and he just liked it, Phillips drew attention to a skeptical review by Lindsey Romaine of Medium.com who criticized the story's marginalization of the Gaga character in dealing with Cooper's manipulative addict. She at least wanted a scene where Gaga's character processed her behavior of letting the addict boyfriend get away with it. Phillips argued that it is in part the skillful musicianship which gets audiences to blow past such flaws.[52]
Accolades
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)
Hollywood Music in Media Awards November 14, 2018 Best Original Song – Feature Film "Shallow" by Lady Gaga, Mark Ronson, Anthony Rossomando, and Andrew Wyatt Pending [53]
Outstanding Music Supervision – Film Julianne Jordan and Julia Michels Pending
Best Soundtrack Album A Star Is Born Pending
Venice Film Festival September 8, 2018 Smithers Foundation Award A Star Is Born Won [54]
See also
Book: A Star Is Born (2018 film)
List of films featuring the deaf and hard of hearing
References
Jump up ^ Yang, Rachel (September 14, 2018). "'A Star Is Born' Director Bradley Cooper Talks Jon Peters Allegations". Variety. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Perry, Spencer (April 17, 2017). "First Look at Lady Gaga in A Star is Born Remake". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Star Is Born (billing block)". Warner Bros. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Star Is Born trailer with Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga". Film-news.co.uk. June 7, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Star is Born". warnerbros.com. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Star is Born". Toronto International Film Festival. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kilday, Gregg (August 22, 2018). "How 'A Star Is Born' Re-created the "Man's World" of Music, Coachella Concert Scenes". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 7, 2018). "'Venom' Still Showing $80M Fangs; 'A Star Is Born' Hitting $42M+ High Note In Record October Weekend". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "A Star Is Born (2018)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Magrath, Andrea (January 21, 2011). "A Star Is Born... again: Clint Eastwood in talks to direct Beyonce in yet another remake of Hollywood classic". Daily Mail. London. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Adam (April 1, 2012). "Screenwriter Will Fetters Talks Clint Eastwood's A STAR IS BORN; Says Script Was Inspired by Kurt Cobain". Collider.com. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (October 9, 2012). "Beyonce exits Eastwood's 'A Star Is Born' (Exclusive)". Variety. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (March 24, 2015). "Bradley Cooper To Make Directing Debut, Hopes To Star With Beyonce In 'A Star Is Born' For Warner Bros". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bart, Peter; Fleming Jr, Mike (May 2, 2016). "Bart & Fleming: Bradley Cooper & Lady Gaga Road Test 'A Star Is Born' Team-Up". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (June 16, 2016). "Lady Gaga Looking Like A Strong Match With Bradley Cooper In 'A Star Is Born'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (June 16, 2016). "Lady Gaga Joins Bradley Cooper's 'A Star Is Born' Remake". Variety. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (August 16, 2016). "'A Star Is Born' Gets Warner Bros Green Light; Bradley Cooper Directs, Stars With Lady Gaga". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Noelfi, Joel (April 18, 2017). "How Lady Gaga's A Star Is Born evolved with Jennifer Lopez, Beyoncé, more". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Galuppo, Mia (November 9, 2016). "Ray Liotta in Talks to Join Lady Gaga in 'A Star Is Born' Remake". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (March 17, 2017). "Sam Elliott Joins Bradley Cooper & Lady Gaga In 'A Star Is Born'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (March 23, 2017). "Andrew Dice Clay In Negotiations To Join 'A Star Is Born' In Key Role". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andrew Dice Clay Says He Beat Robert De Niro, John Travolta for ‘A Star Is Born’ Role
Jump up ^ N'Duka, Amanda (April 28, 2017). "'A Star Is Born' Adds Rafi Gavron & Michael Harney". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (May 5, 2017). "Dave Chappelle Joins 'A Star Is Born' Redo". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (April 26, 2018). "Sony Pictures Makes Deal With Halsey For Movie Inspired By Singer's Life". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Finn, Timothy (February 2, 2018). "He's worked with Neil Young, Gaga and his dad, Willie Nelson. Now he's coming to KC". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Stephens, Samantha (September 18, 2017). "How Lady Gaga Brought Lukas Nelson and Promise of the Real's "Find Yourself" to Life". CMT. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ @Interscope (August 30, 2018). "#AStarIsBornSoundtrack features 19 songs in a wide range of musical styles + 15 dialogue tracks that will take you on a journey that mirrors the experience of seeing the film" (Tweet). Retrieved August 30, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Chu, Henry (July 23, 2018). "'A Star Is Born' to World Premiere at Venice Film Festival". Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Tartaglione, Nancy; Hammond, Pete. "Bradley Cooper's 'A Star Is Born' Headed To Venice After 1st Hollywood Screening Impresses Exhibitors – Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Orlova-Alvarez, Tamara; Alvarez, Joe (September 10, 2018). "' Lady Gaga 'A Star Is Born' Premiere Toronto Film Festival 2018". Ikon London Magazine. Retrieved September 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Vlessing, Etan (July 24, 2018). "Toronto: Timothee Chalamet Starrer 'Beautiful Boy,' Dan Fogelman's 'Life Itself' Among Festival Lineup". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wiseman, Andreas (August 14, 2018). "Damien Chazelle's 'First Man', Alfonso Cuaron's 'Roma', Bradley Cooper's 'A Star Is Born' Head To San Sebastian Fest". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lawrence, Derek (December 20, 2017). "Lady Gaga's A Star Is Born shifts release date back to fall 2018". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 10, 2016). "Bradley Cooper-Lady Gaga Movie 'A Star Is Born' Gets 2018 Release Date". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin. "Bradley Cooper-Lady Gaga's 'Star is Born' Moves to May 2018". Variety. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 14, 2018). "'Sony Swings Past $1 Billion As 'Venom' Bites $35M+; 'First Man' Lands Third With $16M+ – Sunday AM". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved October 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 21, 2018). "'Halloween' Scares Up Second-Best October Opening With $77M+; Best Debut For Blumhouse & Carpenter Canon; Great Launch For Miramax". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 28, 2018). "'Halloween' Screams $32M Second Weekend As October B.O. Moves Toward Record". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (October 7, 2018). "'Venom' Sinks Teeth Into $205M Global Bow; Sets Biggest October Debut WW – International Box Office". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Greenblatt, Leah (August 31, 2018). "Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper make (mostly) beautiful music in A Star Is Born: EW review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Chang, Justin (September 8, 2018). "'A Star Is Born,' 'Beautiful Boy' bring stories of love and addiction to Toronto". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Star Is Born (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Star Is Born (2018) reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Find CinemaScore" (Type "Star Is Born, A" in the search box). CinemaScore. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Duralde, Alonso (August 31, 2018). "A Star Is Born Film Review: Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga Reinvigorate a Classic". The Wrap. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (August 31, 2018). "Venice Film Review: Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga in A Star Is Born". Variety. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Zacharek, Stephanie (August 31, 2018). "Lady Gaga Delivers a Knockout Performance in A Star Is Born". Time. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Travers, Peter (October 1, 2018). "'A Star Is Born' Review: Cooper, Lady Gaga Hit All the Right Notes". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ Hornaday, Ann (September 21, 2018). "Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga's hotly anticipated 'A Star is Born' is here — and it is lavishly delightful". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Michael (October 1, 2018). "'A Star is Born' review: Bradley Cooper goes Gaga in directing debut". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2018-10-21.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Michael (October 18, 2018). "How destructive male behavior in 'A Star is Born' is eclipsed by beautiful music". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2018-10-21.
Jump up ^ Yang, Rachel (October 16, 2018). "'Black Panther', 'A Star Is Born' Lead 2018 Hollywood Music in Media Awards Nominees". Variety. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Collateral Awards of the 75th Venice Film Festival". Venice Biennale. September 7, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
External links
Film portal
Lady Gaga portal
Official website
A Star Is Born on IMDb
A Star Is Born at the TCM Movie Database
A Star Is Born at Box Office Mojo
A Star Is Born (trailer) on YouTube
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text:
Egg-and-spoon race
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Children participating in a typical egg-and-spoon race.
As in Aesop's fable The Tortoise and the Hare, "slow and steady wins the race"[1]
Parents' race, c.1920; vintage postcard by Barratt's Photo Press of Fleet Street
An egg-and-spoon race is a sporting event in which participants must balance an egg or similarly shaped item upon a spoon and race with it to the finishing line. At many primary schools an egg-and-spoon race is staged as part of the annual Sports Day, alongside other events such as the sack race and the three-legged race.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Rules
3 Prohibition
4 Records
5 See also
6 References
History[edit]
The earliest recorded usage in the Oxford English Dictionary is in an article of 8 September 1894 featured in The Daily News: "the gentlemen had a turn in the egg-and-spoon race, in which the competitors had to punt with one hand and balance an egg on a spoon with the other".[2] An earlier origin in colonial USA has been claimed.[3] Egg-and-spoon races formed part of village celebrations of the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria in 1897, alongside the tug of war and blindfold wheelbarrow races.[4] A set of turned and stained wooden eggs and spoons designed for racing and dating to the 1920s forms part of the Good Time Gallery of the Museum of Childhood in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.[5] It reached Canada by at least 1922, the first time it was mentioned in The Globe.[6] By the 1930s, the phenomenon of the parents' egg-and-spoon race was sufficiently well-established to be satirized in Punch.[2] Races were held among the staff of Trinity College, Cambridge until the 1950s.[7] Egg-and-spoon races were held as part of the celebrations for both the 1977 Silver Jubilee and 2012 Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II.[8] In 2012, the British Council promoted the egg-and-spoon race as a suitable event for "English days", alongside the celebration of Charles Dickens and of the Victorian era.[9]
Rules[edit]
Competitors race either individually or in teams in the manner of a relay race.[1][3] If the egg falls from the spoon then competitors may be required to stop, retrieve, and reposition their egg;[10] or to start again;[1][11] or may even be disqualified.[12] Due to the lesser penalty imposed for dropping the egg, and consequent encouragement of greater risk-taking, the first penalty scenario may result in a race that is faster overall.[10] Common methods of cheating include sticking the egg to the spoon, or holding onto the egg with one finger.[13] For an extra challenge, contestants might carry the spoon with both hands, with their teeth, or have their hands tied behind their backs.[4][14][15]
Prohibition[edit]
In some schools the attendance of parents is prohibited or alternative non-competitive events staged, with the intention of sparing children the embarrassment and stigma of defeat.[16][17] In others, the use of raw eggs is banned on the grounds of health and safety and fears of allergy or of competitors contracting salmonella through accidental ingestion of the contents of a broken egg.[11][17] Hard-boiled, wooden, ceramic or synthetic eggs may be used in their stead, or alternative substitutes such as potatoes, small balls, or jelly.[17] Punitive insurance premiums have also resulted in the cancellation of some events.[18] The phrase "egg and spoon" features in The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English; its use, along with the idiom good egg with which it is sometimes confused, is frowned upon by the Metropolitan Police Service on the grounds of it being derogatory and rhyming slang for "coon".[19][20][21]
Records[edit]
A number of world records in egg-and-spoon racing are held by New-Yorker and serial record-holder Ashrita Furman; these include, as published by Guinness World Records, fastest 100 m egg-and-spoon race (19.39 seconds);[22] fastest 100 m egg-and-spoon race while holding the spoon in the mouth (25.13 seconds);[15] fastest mile egg-and-spoon race (7 minutes, 8 seconds);[23] fastest mile egg-and-spoon race holding the spoon with both hands (8 minutes, 5 seconds);[14] and fastest mile egg-and-spoon race holding the spoon in the mouth (9 minutes, 29 seconds).[24] In 1990 a runner completed the London Marathon in three hours forty-seven minutes while carrying a dessert spoon with an uncooked egg balanced upon it.[25]
British Olympic heptathlete and gold-medal winner Denise Lewis cites victory aged six in a thirty-metre egg-and-spoon race as the origin of her sporting ambitions; she advises all young athletes "concentrate, have fun with it and do your best".[26]
See also[edit]
Egg dance
Humpty Dumpty
Amateur sports
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Young, Toby (21 July 2007). "Toby Young on failure". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Oxford English Dictionary V: Dvandva-Follis. Oxford University Press. 1989. p. 92. ISBN 978-0-19-861186-8.
^ Jump up to: a b Horowitz, Gayle (2008). International Games: Building Skills Through Multicultural Play. Human Kinetics. pp. 36 f. ISBN 978-0-736-07394-3.
^ Jump up to: a b "Why Wiltshire's towns, villages and schools are looking back to look forward to the Queen's Jubilee". Wiltshire and Swindon History Centre. Retrieved 7 July 2012. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "Egg and spoon race set". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Plains Road School Picnic". The Globe and Mail. Toronto ON. 26 June 1922. p. 15. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Trinity College Staff Sports and Social Club". Trinity College, Cambridge. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Mills, James (3 June 2012). "Sweet party: Whole of Britain turns out to kick off jubilee in style". The Sun. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "English days with the British Council". British Council. Retrieved 7 July 2012. [permanent dead link]
^ Jump up to: a b Clerkin, Dick (2 July 2012). "Let us drop an egg or two..." Irish Examiner. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "The KPMG All-Sports Day" (PDF). University of Manchester. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Egg and spoon race smashes record". BBC. 24 October 2003. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ White, Jim (21 March 2005). "At last, I can cheer on my children to win the egg and spoon race". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fastest mile egg and spoon race - both hands". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fastest 100 m carrying an egg on a spoon in the mouth". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "The egg and spoon award for political correctness". The Daily Telegraph. 26 October 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Littlejohn, Richard (17 July 2008). "Who says charity begins at home? Second from last in the sack race". The Daily Mail. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Sack race is too dangerous". London Evening Standard. 7 February 2007. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Steele, John (15 May 2002). "Nitty gritty is not PC, minister". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Hopkins, Nick (15 May 2002). "Why nitty gritty has been ruled a no-no in the police lexicon". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Partridge, Eric, ed. (2008). The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English. Routledge. p. 232. ISBN 978-0415-21259-5.
Jump up ^ "Fastest 100 m egg-and-spoon race". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Fastest mile egg and spoon race". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Fastest mile carrying an egg on a spoon in the mouth". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Fastest marathon running with an egg and spoon". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Davies, Gareth A (20 June 2012). "Denise Lewis's advice for young athletes". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
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