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My Kitchen Rules
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For the most recent season, see My Kitchen Rules (series 9).
My Kitchen Rules
Genre
Cooking
Directed by
Mark Adamson (seasons 1–3, 7-9)
Nick Davies (seasons 4–6, 9)
Judges
Pete Evans
Manu Feildel
Narrated by
Septimus Caton
Opening theme
"Tik Tok" by Kesha (seasons 1–3)
"Best Night" by Justice Crew (season 4–)
Ending theme
"The Pink Panther" by Christophe Beck (Season 1–3)
Composer(s)
Jay Stewart
Country of origin
Australia
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
9
No. of episodes
373 (as of 6th May 2018)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Rikkie Proost
Producer(s)
Matt Apps
Greg Swanborough
Evan Wilkes
Production location(s)
Sydney, New South Wales
Cinematography
Tim Hawkins
Running time
60–120 minutes per episode
Production company(s)
Seven Productions
Release
Original network
Seven Network
Picture format
576i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Audio format
Stereo
Original release
1 February 2010 – present
Chronology
Related shows
My Restaurant Rules
House Rules
My Kitchen Rules NZ
External links
Website
My Kitchen Rules (abbreviated on social media as MKR and stylised on-screen as My Kitchen Rules in sentence case) is an Australian competitive cooking game show broadcast on the Seven Network since 2010.[1] Celebrity chefs and co-hosts Pete Evans and Manu Feildel have appeared in every series in the show. They have been responsible for all challenges and judging across the series, with Colin Fassnidge acting as a judge/mentor in the challenge and the elimination house.[2] The series is produced by the team who created the Seven reality show My Restaurant Rules, and was put into production based on the success of Network Ten's MasterChef Australia.[3]
Since its first season, the program has continued to perform strongly in ratings, among the highest rated programs on Australian television, with finals consistently being among the 10 highest rated programs of the year.[4][5]
Contents
1 Format
1.1 Contestants
1.2 Judging panel
1.3 Original format
1.4 Current format
1.4.1 Instant restaurant round
1.4.2 Pre-finals round
1.4.3 Finals round
1.4.3.1 Semifinals
1.4.3.2 Grand final
2 Series overview
3 Foreign series
3.1 Israel
3.2 New Zealand
3.3 Québec
3.4 Russia
3.5 Serbia
3.6 South Africa
3.7 United Kingdom
3.8 United States
4 Awards and nominations
5 Ratings and viewership average
6 Criticism
7 International broadcast
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Format[edit]
Contestants[edit]
The Australian show initially had teams of two contestants with pre-existing relationships—from New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, and Western Australia—competing against each other to "transform an ordinary home into an instant restaurant complete with theme and table decorations for one pressure-cooker night."[6] From 2011, the number of competitors grew as teams from Tasmania joined the show. A team from New Zealand took part only in the third series. In the fourth series, there were fifteen teams made up of two teams from each state, plus three additional teams—the gatecrashers—from New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia.[7][8] Season 5 has introduced a team from the Australian Capital Territory.
Number of teams participated per series
State
Series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
New South Wales 2 3 4 6
Queensland 2 4 5 5
South Australia 2 1
Victoria 2 3 4 5 4 2
Western Australia 2 3 2 3 2
Australian Capital Territory 1
Tasmania 2 1 2 1 1 1
New Zealand 1
Total
10
12
12
15
15
18
18
18
16
Judging panel[edit]
Series Judges – Celebrity chefs and co-hosts Pete Evans and Manu Feildel have appeared in every series in the show. They have been responsible for all challenges and judging across the series.
Colin Fassnidge (Judge) – Making his first appearance as a guest judge in series 4, Colin joined the blind tasting panel for Sudden Death cook-offs. He was also involved with additional judging roles such as facilitating the Comeback Kitchen and Food Truck challenges in series 4 and 5 respectively. In series 6 and 7, Colin and Manu had rotated roles for judging. Colin was present for People's Choice and off-site challenges, while Manu was involved in Headquarters challenges. Colin was also featured for the first time in an Instant Restaurant round in the same series.
Blind Tasting Panel – During Sudden Death cook-off eliminations, the blind tasting panel are asked to score and judge the competing teams' meals. This panel currently consists of Liz Egan, Guy Grossi, Karen Martini and Colin Fassnidge. Previously it also included Jacqui Gowan in series 1 only and Tobie Puttock until series 3. From series 1 to 3, the panel had knowledge of which teams were cooking. From series 4, as a blind tasting panel, they do not know who the competing teams were until scoring.
Guest Judges – Series 7 introduced new special guest judges who appeared in specific challenges alongside the main series panel. They include, Rachel Khoo during Round 3 of the Instant restaurants and Curtis Stone during the first Kitchen HQ challenge. In series 8, Darren Robertson was included in an instant restaurant round.
Judges
Series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Current
Pete Evans Series Judge
Manu Feildel Series Judge
Colin Fassnidge Blind Tasting Panel/Judge
Karen Martini Blind Tasting Panel
Guy Grossi Blind Tasting Panel
Liz Egan Blind Tasting Panel
Curtis Stone Guest
Former
Tobie Puttock Tasting Panel
Jacqui Gowan Tasting Panel
Rachel Khoo Guest
Darren Robertson Guest
Original format[edit]
Applicable only during the first series, the show followed a sudden death format—where two teams will cook a three-course meal and the losing team will immediately be eliminated from winning the competition.
Initially, participating teams were split into two groups of five to compete in a separate round of instant restaurant.
A team who placed last (fifth place) in each instant restaurant group will be eliminated from the competition. However, teams who placed third and fourth will compete in a cook-off, and the two lowest scoring teams will be eliminated.
After the cook-off, the remaining six teams competed in quarterfinal of three rounds, wherein:
#2 teams in both instant restaurant groups competed in first quarterfinal round;
#1 team in the first instant restaurant and #1 team in cook-off competed in second quarterfinal round; and
#1 team in the second instant restaurant and #2 team in cook-off contended in last quarterfinal round.
Losing teams of each quarterfinal rounds were immediately eliminated. However, the overall highest scoring team in quarterfinals advanced straight through the grand final. The remaining two teams contended in a semifinal, the last berth to the finale round.
Current format[edit]
Instant restaurant round[edit]
Each episode focuses on one team's day of cooking, setting up their instant restaurant and serving a three-course dinner—entrée, main, and dessert—for the judges and their opposing teams. Teams could only start cooking three hours before the other teams and judges arrive at their house. After the team served all three meals to the judges and their opposition, each opposing team must rate the total meal out of ten, then each main judge must rate each of the three courses separately out of ten. The lowest scoring team will be then at risk of elimination.
Contestants do not necessarily cook in their own homes, for example in third series, eight of the twelve couples did not use their own kitchens mainly due to their homes being too small to accommodate the production.[9] In most cases when this happened it is the home of a family member or friend or a holiday home of one or both members of the team.
Team progress and eliminations:
There were variations on format in team progress and elimination process in this round.
During the first series of the show, the lowest scoring teams (fifth place) of each instant restaurant round were eliminated immediately from the competition. Meanwhile, top two scoring teams on both rounds advanced through to quarterfinals round. Teams placing third and fourth on both instant restaurant rounds have to compete in a Kitchen Cook-off, where two losing teams will be eliminated and the other two will proceed through to quarterfinals.
On the second series, the lowest scoring teams of each instant restaurant round competed in a Sudden Death cook-off, wherein the losing team was eliminated from the competition. The remaining teams advanced to the People's Choice Challenge—a new competition format replacing quarterfinals round.
During the third series, the three lowest scoring teams of each instant restaurant round competed in yet another instant restaurant, thus having three rounds for this season. The losing team of the third instant restaurant was eliminated from the competition.
During the fourth and fifth series, there were two rounds of instant restaurant with six teams each, wherein the lowest scoring team of each group was immediately eliminated from the competition. However, after the second round, the tally of the instant restaurant scores for both groups were combined and the three lowest scorers out of the remaining ten teams competed in another instant restaurant round with new set of teams—titled as the gatecrashers. The losing team of the third round was also eliminated from the competition.
During the sixth series, after the first two groups had completed their rounds, a third instant restaurant group were introduced as 'Colin's secret round'. In that round, Colin Fassnidge is the only judge critiquing that group and is also the first time ever in the show, where Pete and Manu do not make an appearance as hosts. The lowest scoring teams from each of the three groups is eliminated. Then the bottom 2 teams from each group competed in an Instant Restaurant Redemption round to eliminate two more teams.
Pre-finals round[edit]
After the instant restaurants, the remaining teams compete in various challenges, either off-site or at Kitchen headquarters. Teams who cook the best dishes or receive the most votes/money can win People's Choice or Judge's Choice and are given advantages or are guaranteed safety from eliminations. Teams that fail to impress and receive poor reviews from the judges end up in a Sudden Death elimination.
People's Choice Challenge – During this offsite challenge, teams all have an hour and a half to prepare their dishes relating to a theme or event. The team with the most number of guest votes (sometimes, the best-selling dish if all are tasked to sell their meal) is declared as the People's Choice and will be safe for the rest of the round or from the next elimination.
Food Truck - Used only in series 5 (2014), during the rounds from Top 12 to Top 9, remaining teams from the People's Choice will compete in a new Food Truck challenge. This sees teams split into two even groups (dependent on the number of teams remaining in the competition) and will each run competing restaurants, cooking in a large semi-trailer which opens up into two kitchens. Patrons dining will pay for what they believe the meal was worth. To win, the group must earn the most amount of money. The losing group will continue onto the rapid cook-off, whilst the winning group, become safe from elimination and formed as the team's jury.
Rapid Cook-off – In Kitchen Headquarters, teams are challenged to create a dish using a key ingredient in 30 minutes. All teams will be reviewed by the judges with certain number of teams who will be safe from elimination, and who will be competing in a following showdown. In series 5, dishes were not only judged by Pete and Manu, but also by a teams' jury, which is formed by all teams currently safe for the round. They were able to select one of teams to be safe.
Showdown – Teams with the worst dishes during rapid cook-off compete in this round by cooking a meal using a core ingredient in 60 minutes. A team with the worst dish, again, will be chosen by the judges and will proceed straight through the Sudden Death round.
Sudden Death – Two losing teams from challenges battle it out by producing a three-course meal for Pete and Manu, and the four guest judges. Both teams must prepare their dishes in a total of three hours — They have 90 minutes to do prep. and serve an entree, 60 minutes for their main course, and 30 minutes for the dessert. Each judge critiques and scores the total meal out of ten, and the lowest scoring team is eliminated from the competition. From the fourth series, blind tastings were introduced and the guest judges critiqued the dishes without knowing which team cooked it.
Finals round[edit]
Finals round consists of three rounds: two sets of semifinals, and a grand final. All follow a sudden death cook-off format where teams produce a three-course meal for the main judges and for the four guest judges. Teams' meals are scored out of ten by the judges and the lower scoring team is eliminated.
Semifinals[edit]
Prior to the grand final round, four remaining teams compete in a semifinal round. Teams going head-to-head in this round is determined variously in different series.
In the 2011 series, there were four knives on a table, two of which had Semifinal 1 on their labels, and the other two had Semifinal 2 on their blades. The labels were covered, leaving the knife handles visible. Each team was asked to select a knife. Teams which picked Semifinal 1 knives competed in the first semifinal, while teams which chose Semifinal 2 contested the second semifinal.
In the 2012 series, teams competed in a seeding round. Teams competed in two challenges, and their dishes on each challenge were scored out of ten by the judges. The highest scoring team (#1) of the seeding round cooked against the lowest scoring team (#4) in the first semifinal, while #2 and #3 teams competed in the second semifinal.
In the 2013 and 2014 series, the final four teams were divided into two semifinal match-ups based on their rankings in the Final 5 round. As in 2012, #1 cooked against #4, and #2 cooked against #3.
Grand final[edit]
Winners of each semifinal go straight through the grand final round, the last stage of the competition. Each teams meal is scored and the higher scoring team is declared My Kitchen Rules champion.
Series overview[edit]
Colour legend:
– Winner
– Runner-up
Series
Premiere date
Finale date
Number
of teams
Winning group
Competing teams
Host &
main judges
Guest judges
One 1 Feb 2010 22 Mar 2010 10 2 NSW Mossy & Gabe Deb & Ben Pete Evans and Manu Feildel Jacqui Gowan
Guy Grossi
Karen Martini
Tobie Puttock
QLD Veronica & Shadi Tanja & Gen
SA Matt & Melissa Paul & Mel
VIC Clint & Noah Rowan & Sophia
WA Holly & Grace Marc & Natalie
Two 31 Jan 2011 13 Apr 2011 12 1 NSW Sammy & Bella Alex & Bill Liz Egan
Guy Grossi
Karen Martini
Tobie Puttock
QLD Artie & Johnnie Mal & Bec
SA Anne-Marie & Nick Donna & Reade
TAS Esther & Ali Mel & James
VIC Kane & Lee Kelly & Ash
WA Daniela & Stefania Kerry & Holly
Three 30 Jan 2012 27 Mar 2012 12 1 NSW Steve & Helen Sam & Jillian
NZ Simon & Meg
QLD David & Scott Peter & Gary
SA Leigh & Jennifer Nic & Rocco
TAS Megan & Andy
VIC Carly & Emily Thomas & Carla
WA Angela & Justine Emma & Andrew
Four 28 Jan 2013 28 Apr 2013 15 2 NSW Luke & Scott Ashlee & Sophia Jesse & Biswa Liz Egan
Colin Fassnidge
Guy Grossi
Karen Martini
QLD Dan & Steph Jake & Elle
SA Jenna & Joanna Lisa & Stefano
TAS Ali & Samuel Mick & Matt
VIC Sam & Chris Kerrie & Craig Angela & Melina
WA Josh & Andi Kieran & Nastassia Lisa & Candice
Five 27 Jan 2014 29 Apr 2014 15 2 ACT Andrew & Emelia
NSW Annie & Jason Carly & Tresne Cathy & Anna Uel & Shannelle
QLD David & Corinne Paul & Blair
SA Bree & Jessica Deb & Rick
TAS Thalia & Bianca
VIC Harry & Christo Helena & Vikki Josh & Danielle
WA Chloe & Kelly Jess & Felix
Six 2 Feb 2015 4 May 2015 18 3 ACT Gina & Anna
NSW Carol & Adam Katie & Nikki Robert & Lynzey Will & Steve
QLD Jac & Shaz Lynn & Tony Rob & Dave Sheri & Emilie
SA Annie & Lloyd Vicky & Celine
VIC Ash & Camilla Jane & Emma Matt & Rob Rose & Josh
WA Drasko & Bianca Eva & Debra Kat & Andre
Seven 1 Feb 2016 26 April 2016 18 2 NSW Monique & Sarah Luciano & Martino Chris & Cookie Tim & Dee Liz Egan
Colin Fassnidge
Guy Grossi
Karen Martini
Rachel Khoo
QLD Cheryl & Matt JP & Nelly Alex & Gareth Mike & Tarq Hazel & Lisa
SA Rosie & Paige Carmine & Lauren
VIC Mitch & Laura Gianni & Zana Jessica & Marcos Tasia & Gracia Eve & Jason
WA Anna & Jordan Nev & Kell
Eight 30 Jan 2017 30 April 2017 18 1 NSW David & Betty Albert & Dave Kelsey & Amanda Mell & Cyn Liz Egan
Colin Fassnidge
Guy Grossi
Karen Martini
Darren Robertson
QLD Amy & Tyson Della & Tully Alyse & Matt Brett & Marie Valerie & Courtney
SA Tim & Kyle Lama & Sarah
VIC Karen & Ros Court & Duncan Mark & Chris Caitie & Demi
WA Bek & Ash Josh & Amy
TAS Damo & Caz
Nine 29 Jan 2018 6 May 2018 16 1 TAS Henry & Anna Liz Egan
Colin Fassnidge
Guy Grossi
Karen Martini
QLD Alex & Emily Ash & Matty Stuss & Steve Matt & Aly
SA Dan & Gemma
VIC Kim & Suong Roula & Rachael
WA Davide & Marco Stella & Jazzey
NSW Josh & Nic Jess & Emma Georgie & Alicia Olga & Valeria Pat & Louisa Sonya & Hadil
Ten TBA TBA
Foreign series[edit]
Israel[edit]
The show is produced in Israel by July August Productions for Keshet Media Group in October 2018, and is broadcast on its television channel Keshet 12, under the title of MKR The Winning Kitchen (lt. MKR Hamitbakh HaMenatze'akh).[10]
New Zealand[edit]
My Kitchen Rules NZ debuted in 2014 on TVNZ 1.[11] The first season ended in October 2014, won by Waikato's Neena and Belinda.[12] The second season ended in December 2015 and was won by Wellington's Jess and Stella.[13] The third season began on 25 September 2017, hosted by Pete Evans and Manu Feildel[14][15]
Québec[edit]
From 2010-2013, a Québec's version of MKR was broadcast on Casa and TVA for 3 seasons, under the title of Ça va chauffer! with chefs Jonathan Garnier and Mathieu Cloutier. [16]
Russia[edit]
A Russian version of MKR is broadcast on TV channel SONY SET TV. 8 seasons were shown.
Serbia[edit]
In Serbia, local production company Emotion Production purchased the format rights. The show is called Moja kuhinja, Moja pravila (English: My Kitchen, My Rules). The first series premiered in 2014 on B92.[17]
South Africa[edit]
[18]
United Kingdom[edit]
Main article: My Kitchen Rules (UK TV series)
Following the show's national and international ratings success in 2013, broadcaster Sky Living purchased the format rights to My Kitchen Rules for a United Kingdom version. The British franchise debuted on 25 January 2014,[19] hosted by cook and author Lorraine Pascale and chef Jason Atherton.[20][21]
A second British series aired on Channel 4 in September 2016, to be made of 30 hour-long episodes, hosted by Prue Leith and Michael Caines and produced by 7 Wonder Productions, offering a £10,000 prize.[22][23]
United States[edit]
Main article: My Kitchen Rules (U.S. TV series)
In 2012, US-based production company Kinetic Content acquired the format rights for an American version of the show during the MIPTV Media Market event in Cannes, France.[24][25] U.S. TV network Fox has ordered 8 episodes of MKR featuring celebrities in their Hollywood homes with Curtis Stone & Cat Cora as series co-judges.[26][27][28]
Awards and nominations[edit]
The reality program has received nominations on the following awards:
Year
Award
Category
Result
2012 Logie Awards Most Popular Reality Program Nominated
2013 AACTA Awards Best Reality Television Series (Series 3) Nominated
Logie Awards Most Popular Reality Program Nominated
2014 AACTA Awards Best Reality Television Series (Series 4) Nominated
Logie Awards[29] Most Popular Reality Program Won
2015 AACTA Awards Best Reality Television Series
(Series 6) Nominated
Logie Awards[30] Most Popular Reality Program Nominated
2016 AACTA Awards Best Reality Television Series
(Series 7) Nominated
Logie Awards Best Reality Program Nominated
2017 Logie Awards Best Reality Program Nominated
Ratings and viewership average[edit]
Seasonal television ratings on aggregate figures for My Kitchen Rules on free-to-air Seven Network channel were gathered from TV Tonight covering only the five city metro across Australia, namely: Adelaide, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, and Sydney. The number of viewers presented in the table below are in millions.
Series
Premiere date
Finale date
Episodes
Premiere
ratings
Rank
Finale ratings
(Grand final)
Rank
Finale ratings
(Winner announced)
Rank
Series
Average
Average
rank
Ref.
One
1 February 2010 22 March 2010 16 1.103 #9 1.525 #1 N/A
1.337
#4
[31][32]
Two
31 January 2011 13 April 2011 33 1.205 #5 1.719 #2 2.020 #1
1.426
#2
[33][34]
Three
30 January 2012 27 March 2012 37 1.484 #1 2.186 #2 2.675 #1
1.752
#1
[35][36]
Four
28 January 2013 28 April 2013 46 1.384 #3 2.154 #2 2.952 #1
1.835
#1
[37][38]
Five
27 January 2014 29 April 2014 48 1.774 #1 2.408 #2 2.712 #1
1.891
#1
[39][40]
Six
2 February 2015 4 May 2015 48 1.596 #1 2.082 #1 2.039 #2
1.561
#1
[41][42]
Seven
1 February 2016 26 April 2016 48 1.576 #1 1.820 #2 1.969 #1
1.482
#1
[43][44]
Eight
30 January 2017 30 April 2017 48 1.309 #1 1.392 #2 1.482 #1
1.187
#2
[45][46]
Nine
29 January 2018 6 May 2018 49 1.182 #1 1.368 #2 1.543 #1
TBA
TBA
[47][48]
Criticism[edit]
My Kitchen Rules Series 5 was criticised by angry viewers who set up a Facebook page to boycott the series 5 finale as the runner-up team "bullied other teams." [49] In general, many viewers hold the opinion that My Kitchen Rules is viewed less for the cooking and skill side of the show than for the gossip and conflict which certain contestants are encouraged to cause. The integrity of the show and the standard of cooking is substantially lower than other shows such as MasterChef Australia or Iron Chef Australia, however it is seemingly more entertaining for the general audience rather than food connoisseurs. Finally many non-loyal viewers have criticised the format of the show being confusing as new contestants are often being added and the constantly changing 'batches' of contestants making it difficult to follow.[citation needed]
International broadcast[edit]
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Country
Network
Current broadcaster?
Source(s)
Canada Gusto TV Yes [50]
Cyprus Fox (Arabia) via Nile Sat Yes [citation needed]
Estonia TV3 Yes [citation needed]
India Colors Infinity Yes [51]
Israel The Good Life Channel
(as HaMitbakh HaMenatze'akh (lt. The Winning Kitchen))
which is carried by yes and HOT Yes [52]
Ireland RTÉ One Yes [citation needed]
Latvia LNT No [citation needed]
360TV Yes [citation needed]
New Zealand TVNZ 2 Yes [citation needed]
Philippines Colours No [citation needed]
Portugal Fox Life. SIC Mulher, +TVI Yes [53]
South Africa (Vuzu ) Yes [54]
Spain Divinity (as En Mi Cocina Mando Yo) Yes [55]
United Kingdom Channel 4 Yes [56]
Netherlands NET 5 Yes [57]
Belgium Vitaya Yes [citation needed]
Italy Sky Uno Yes [58]
Russia Sony Entertainment Television Yes [citation needed]
You Yes [citation needed]
See also[edit]
MasterChef Australia
Come Dine with Me Australia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Devlyn, Darren (4 August 2009). "Channel 7 announces My Kitchen Rules, MasterChef Australia rival". Herald Sun. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Isrin, Kietley (22 January 2018). "EXCLUSIVE: The MKR Judges talk new-season drama". Now To Love. Retrieved 22 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Dunn, Emily; Elliott, Tim (5 August 2009). "MasterChef inspires imitators". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Dunk, Tiffany (27 April 2016). "My Kitchen Rules finale cooks up winning ratings for Channel Seven". news.com.au. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (28 November 2016). "Seven wins 2016 ratings". TV Tonight. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Real food, real people". Yahoo!7. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (15 January 2013). "My Kitchen Rules teams revealed". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Shock revelation: new contestants for MKR". Yahoo!7. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "My Kitchen Rules contestants don't all cook in their own kitchens". Herald Sun. 28 January 2012. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (11 September 2017). "Israel commissions My Kitchen Rules". TV Tonight. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Contestants wanted for NZ version of My Kitchen Rules". The New Zealand Herald. 12 February 2014. Retrieved 20 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "MKR outrage: Did the wrong team win?". New Zealand Herald. 30 October 2014.
Jump up ^ "Wellington besties win My Kitchen Rules". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
Jump up ^ "Pete and Manu to host My Kitchen Rules NZ". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
Jump up ^ "My Kitchen Rules NZ".
Jump up ^ https://www.facebook.com/cavachauffertva/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Uskoro počinje 'Moja Kuhinja Moja Pravila'". SUTRA.BA online magazin. 25 June 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
Jump up ^ http://m-net.dstv.com/show/my-kitchen-rules-sa
Jump up ^ "Watch - Sky.com".
Jump up ^ "My Kitchen Rules to screen in UK". Yahoo!7. 1 March 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (1 March 2013). "UK buys My Kitchen Rules format". TV Tonight. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
Jump up ^ White, Peter (5 January 2016). "Oz format My Kitchen Rules returns to UK". Broadcastnow.co.uk. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
Jump up ^ Wollaston, Sam (4 October 2016). "My Kitchen Rules review – Come Dine With Me + MasterChef = bland fare" – via The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Byrnes, Holly (5 April 2012). "Channel Seven's My Kitchen Rules sold to producers Kinetic Content in a multi-million dollar rights deal at MIP-TV". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (6 April 2012). "My Kitchen Rules sold to US producer". TV Tonight. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (15 May 2016). "Curtis Stone to judge celebrity version of My Kitchen Rules USA". TV Tonight. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (13 May 2016). "Fox Orders 'My Kitchen Rules' Cooking Series With Curtis Stone & Cat Cora". Retrieved 15 May 2016.
Jump up ^ McLennan, Cindy (14 May 2016). "My Kitchen Rules: FOX Orders Celeb Cooking Series with Curtis Stone and Cat Cora". Retrieved 15 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (27 April 2014). "Logie Awards 2014: Winners". TV Tonight. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (3 May 2015). "TV Week Logie Awards 2015: Winners". TV Tonight. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (1 February 2010). "Week 6". TV Tonight. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (22 March 2010). "Week 13". TV Tonight. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (31 January 2011). "Week 6". TV Tonight. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (11 April 2011). "Week 16". TV Tonight. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
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Jump up ^ Knox, David (27 March 2012). "Tuesday 27 March 2012". TV Tonight. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (29 January 2013). "Monday 28 January 2013". TV Tonight. Retrieved 11 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sunday 28 April 2013". TV Tonight. 2013-04-29. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
Jump up ^ "Timeshifted: Monday 27 January 2014". TV Tonight. 15 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Timeshifted: Tuesday 29 April 2014". TV Tonight. 7 May 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (3 February 2015). "Monday 2 February 2015". TV Tonight. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (5 May 2015). "Monday 4 May 2015". TV Tonight. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Monday 1 February 2016". 1 February 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (27 April 2016). "Tuesday 26 April 2016". Retrieved 27 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (31 January 2017). "Monday 30 January 2017". TV Tonight. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (1 May 2017). "Sunday 30 April 2017". TV Tonight. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (30 January 2018). "Monday 29 January 2018". TV Tonight. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Knox, David (2 May 2018). "Sunday 6 May 2018". TV Tonight. Retrieved 2 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "News and Gossip - Celebrity News - Yahoo7 TV".
Jump up ^ "Gusto TV to Launch Canadian Premiere of Smash Hit 'My Kitchen Rules' Season 6 on June 1". Yahoo. 14 May 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Colors Infinity to bring new seasons of 'Kitchen Rules' & 'Better Call Saul'". Indian Television. 30 January 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2016.
Jump up ^ https://www.facebook.com/GoodLifeChannel/videos/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%91%D7%97-%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%97-%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94-9-%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91/1201312416673110/
Jump up ^ Portugal, FNG. "Séries FOX".
Jump up ^ "my_kitchen_rules_index_group" – via tvnz.co.nz.
Jump up ^ "Llega "En mi cocina mando yo"".
Jump up ^ "My Kitchen Rules - All 4".
Jump up ^ "Programma overzicht - Net5".
Jump up ^ TV, Sky Guida. "My Kitchen Rules: programmazione - Sky Guida TV".
External links[edit]
Official website
My Kitchen Rules on 7plus
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Panthalassa
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For the Miles Davis album, see Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974.
When Panthalassa surrounded Pangaea, Laurasia was located in the northern Hemisphere and Gondwana in the southern. Outline of present-day landmasses added for orientation.
Panthalassa, also known as the Panthalassic or Panthalassan Ocean, (from Greek πᾶν "all" and θάλασσα "sea"),[1] was the superocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea. During the Paleozoic—Mesozoic transition c. 250 Ma it occupied almost 70% of Earth's surface. Its ocean-floor has completely disappeared because of the continuous subduction along the continental margins on its circumference.[2] Panthalassa is also referred to as the Paleo-Pacific ("old Pacific") or Proto-Pacific because the Pacific Ocean developed from its centre in the Mesozoic to the present.
Contents
[hide]
1 Formation
2 Reconstruction of ocean basin
2.1 Eastern margin
2.2 Western margin
3 Palaeo-oceanography
4 See also
5 References
5.1 Notes
5.2 Sources
6 External links
Formation[edit]
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The supercontinent Rodinia began to break-up 870–845 Ma probably as a consequence of a superplume caused by mantle slab avalanches along the margins of the supercontinent. In a second episode c. 750 Ma the western half of Rodinia started to rift part: western Kalahari and South China) broke away from the western margins of Laurentia; and by 720 Ma Australia and East Antarctica had also separated.[3] In the Late Jurassic the Pacific Plate opened originating from a triple junction between the Panthalassic Farallon, Phoenix, and Izanagi plates. Panthalassa can be reconstructed based on magnetic lineations and fracture zones preserved in the western Pacific.[4]
In western Laurentia (North America), a tectonic episode that preceded this rifting produced failed rifts that harboured large depositional basins in Western Laurentia. The global ocean of Mirovia, an ocean that surrounded Rodinia, started to shrink as the Pan-African ocean and Panthalassa expanded.
Between 650 million and 550 million years ago, another supercontinent started to form: Pannotia, which was shaped like a "V". Inside the "V" was Panthalassa, outside of the "V" were the Pan-African Ocean and remnants of the Mirovia Ocean.
Reconstruction of ocean basin[edit]
Most of the oceanic plates that formed the ocean floor of Panthalassa have been subducted and traditional plate tectonic reconstructions based on magnetic anomalies can therefore only be used for remains from the Cretaceous and later. The former margins of the ocean, however, contain allochthonous terranes with preserved Triassic–Jurassic intra-Panthalassic volcanic arcs, including Kolyma–Omolon (northeast Asia), Anadyr–Koryak (east Asia), Oku–Niikappu (Japan), and Wrangellia and Stikinia (western North America). Furthermore, seismic tomography is being used to identify subducted slabs in the mantle, from which the location of former Panthalassic subduction zones can be derived. A series of such subduction zones, called Telkhinia, defines two separate oceans or systems of oceanic plates — the Pontus and Thalassa oceans.[5] Named marginal oceans or oceanic plates include (clockwise) Mongol-Okhotsk (now a suture between Mongolia and Sea of Okhotsk), Oimyakon (between Asian craton and Kolyma-Omolon), Slide Mountain Ocean (British Columbia),[6] and Mezcalera (western Mexico).
Eastern margin[edit]
The western margin (modern coordinates) of Laurentia originated during the Neoproterozoic break-up of Rodinia. The North American Cordillera is an accretionary orogen which grew by the progressive addition of allochthonous terranes along this margin from the Late Palaeozoic. Devonian back-arc volcanism reveals how this eastern Panthalassic margin developed into the active margin it still is in the mid-Palaeozoic. Most of the continental fragments, volcanic arcs, and ocean basins added to Laurentia this way contained faunas of Tethyan or Asian affinity. Similar terranes added to the northern Laurentia, in contrast, have affinities with Baltica, Siberia, and the northern Caledonies. These latter terranes were probably accreted along the eastern Panthalassa margin by a Caribbean–Scotia-style subduction system.[7]
Western margin[edit]
The evolution of the Panthalassa–Tethys boundary is poorly known because little oceanic crust is preserved — both the Izanagi and the conjugate Pacific Ocean floor is subducted and the ocean ridge that separated them probably subducted c. 60–55 Ma. Today the region is dominated by the collision of the Australian Plate with a complex network of plate boundaries in south-east Asia, including the Sundaland block. Spreading along the Pacific-Phoenix ridge ended 83 Ma at the Osbourn Trough at the Tonga-Kermadec Trench.[4]
During the Permian atolls developed near the Equator on the mid-Panthalassic seamounts. As Panthalassa subducted along its western margin during the Triassic and Early Jurassic, these seamounts and palaeo-atolls were accreted as allochthonous limestone blocks and fragments along the Asian margin.[8] One such migrating atoll complex now form a 2-kilometre-long (1.2 mi) and 100-to-150-metre-wide (330–490 ft) body of limestone in central Kyushu, south-west Japan.[9]
Fusuline foraminifera, a now extinct order of single-celled organisms, developed gigantism — the genus Eopolydiexodina, for example, reached up to 16 cm (6.3 in) in size — and structural sophistication, including symbiont relationships with photosynthesising algae, during the Late Carboniferous and Permian. The Permian–Triassic extinction event c. 260 Ma, however, put an end to this development with only dwarf taxa persisting throughout the Permian until the final fusuline extinction c. 252 Ma. Permian fusulines also developed a remarkable provincialism by which fusulines can be grouped into six domains.[10] Because of the large size of Panthalassa a hundred million years could separate the accretion of different groups of fusulines. Assuming a minimum accretion rate of 3 centimetres per year (1.2 in/year), the seamount chains on which these groups evolved would be separated by at least 3,000 km (1,900 mi) — these groups apparently evolved in completely different environments.[11] A significant sea-level drop at the end of the Permian led to the end-Capitanian extinction event. The cause for this extinction is disputed, but a likely candidate is an episode of global cooling which transformed large amount of sea-water into continental ice.[12]
Seamounts accreted in eastern Australia as parts of the New England orogen reveal the hotspot history of Panthalassa.[13] From the Late Devonian to the Carboniferous Gondwana and Panthalassa converged along the eastern margin of Australia along a west-dipping subduction system which produced (west to east) a magmatic arc, a fore-arc basin, and an accretionary wedge. Subduction ceased along this margin in the Late Carboniferous and jumped eastward. From the Late Carboniferous to the Early Permian the New England orogen was dominated by an extensional setting related to a subduction to strike-slip transition. Subduction was re-initiated in the Permian and the granitic rocks of the New England Batholith were produced by a magmatic arc, indicating the presence of an active plate margin along most of the orogen. Permian to Cretaceous remains of this convergent margin, preserved as fragments in Zealandia (New Zealand, New Caledonia, and the Lord Howe Rise), were rifted off Australia during the Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary break-up of eastern Gondwana and the opening of the Tasman Sea.[14] The Cretaceous Junction Plate, located north of Australia, separated the eastern Tethys from Panthalassa.[15]
Palaeo-oceanography[edit]
Panthalassa was a hemisphere-sized ocean, much larger than the modern Pacific. It could be expected that the large size would result in relatively simple ocean current circulation patterns, such as a single gyre in each hemisphere, and a mostly stagnant and stratified ocean. Modelling studies, however, suggest that an east-west sea surface temperature (SST) gradient was present in which the coldest water was brought to the surface by upwelling in the east while the warmest water extended west into the Tethys Ocean. Subtropical gyres dominated the circulation pattern. The two hemispherical belts were separated by the undulating Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ).[16]
In northern Panthalassa there was mid-latitude westerlies north of 60°N with easterlies between 60°N and the Equator. Atmospheric circulation north of 30°N is associated with the North Panthalassa High which created Ekman convergence between 15°N and 50°N and Ekman divergence between 5°N and 10°N. A pattern which resulted in northward Sverdrup transport in divergence regions and southward in convergence regions. Western boundary currents resulted in an anti-cyclonic subtropical North Panthalassa gyre at mid-latitudes and a meridional anti-cyclonic circulation centred on 20°N.[16]
In tropical northern Panthalassa trade winds created westward flows while equatorward flows were created by westerlies at higher latitudes. Consequently, trade winds moved water away from Gondwana towards Laurasia in the northern Panthalassa Equatorial Current. When the western margins of Panthalassa were reached intense western boundary currents would form the Eastern Laurasia Current. At mid-latitudes the North Panthalassa Current would bring the water back east where a weak Northwestern Gondwana Current would finally close the gyre. The accumulation of water along the western margin coupled with the Coriolis effect would have created a Panthalassa Equatorial Counter Current.[16]
In the southern Panthalassa the four currents of the subtropical gyre, the South Panthalassa Gyre, rotated counterclockwise. The South Equatorial Panthalassa Current flowed westward between the Equator and 10°S into the western, intense South Panthalasssa Current. The South Polar Current then completes the gyre as the Southwestern Gondwana Current. Near the poles easterlies created a subpolar gyre that rotated clockwise.[16]
See also[edit]
Pacific Ring of Fire
Paleontology
Pangaea
Plate tectonics
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Panthalassa". Online Etymology Dictionary.
Jump up ^ Isozaki 2014, Permo–Triassic Boundary Superanoxia and Extinction, pp. 290–291
Jump up ^ Li et al. 2008, Superplume events, continental rifting, and the prolonged break-up process of Rodinia (ca. 860–570 Ma), pp. 199–201
^ Jump up to: a b Seton & Müller 2008, Introduction, p. 263
Jump up ^ Van der Meer et al. 2012, p. 215
Jump up ^ Nokleberg et al. 2000
Jump up ^ Colpron & Nelson 2009, pp. 273–275
Jump up ^ Kani, Hisanabe & Isozaki 2013, Geologic setting, p. 213
Jump up ^ Kasuya, Isozaki & Igo 2012, Geological Setting, p. 612
Jump up ^ Kasuya, Isozaki & Igo 2012, Introduction, pp. 611–612
Jump up ^ Kasuya, Isozaki & Igo 2012, Migrating seamounts and fusuline territories in Panthalassa, pp. 620–621
Jump up ^ Kofukuda, Isozaki & Igo 2014, Global cooling as a possible cause, p. 64
Jump up ^ Flood 1999, Abstract
Jump up ^ Waschbusch, Beaumont & Korsch 1999, Tectonic sewtting of the New England orogen and adjacent basins, pp. 204–206
Jump up ^ Talsma et al. 2010
^ Jump up to: a b c d Arias 2008, The Panthalassa Ocean, pp. 3–5
Sources[edit]
Arias, C. (2008). "Palaeoceanography and biogeography in the Early Jurassic Panthalassa and Tethys oceans" (PDF). Gondwana research. 14 (3): 306–315. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2008.03.004. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
Colpron, M.; Nelson, J. L. (2009). "A Palaeozoic Northwest Passage: Incursion of Caledonian, Baltican and Siberian terranes into eastern Panthalassa, and the early evolution of the North American Cordillera" (PDF). Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 318 (1): 273–307. doi:10.1144/SP318.10. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
Flood, P. G. (1999). Exotic seamounts within Gondwanan accretionary complexes, Eastern Australia (PDF). Regional geology, tectonics and metallogenesis: New England orogen. University of New England, Armidale. pp. 23–29. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
Isozaki, Y. (2014). "Memories of Pre-Jurassic Lost Oceans: How To Retrieve Them From Extant Lands". Geoscience Canada. 41 (3): 283–311. doi:10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.050. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
Kani, T.; Hisanabe, C.; Isozaki, Y. (2013). "The Capitanian (Permian) minimum of 87Sr/86Sr ratio in the mid-Panthalassan paleo-atoll carbonates and its demise by the deglaciation and continental doming" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 24 (1): 212–221. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2012.08.025. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
Kasuya, A.; Isozaki, Y.; Igo, H. (2012). "Constraining paleo-latitude of a biogeographic boundary in mid-Panthalassa: Fusuline province shift on the Late Guadalupian (Permian) migrating seamount" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 21 (2): 611–623. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2011.06.001. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
Kofukuda, D.; Isozaki, Y.; Igo, H. (2014). "A remarkable sea-level drop and relevant biotic responses across the Guadalupian–Lopingian (Permian) boundary in low-latitude mid-Panthalassa: Irreversible changes recorded in accreted paleo-atoll limestones in Akasaka and Ishiyama, Japan" (PDF). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 82: 47–65. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.12.010. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
Li, Z. X.; Bogdanova, S. V.; Collins, A. S.; Davidson, A.; De Waele, B.; Ernst, R. E.; Fitzsimons, I. C. W.; Fuck, R. A.; Gladkochub, D. P.; Jacobs, J.; Karlstrom, K. E.; Lul, S.; Natapov, L. M.; Pease, V.; Pisarevsky, S. A.; Thrane, K.; Vernikovsky, V. (2008). "Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: A synthesis" (PDF). Precambrian Research. 160: 179–210. doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.021. Retrieved 6 February 2016.
Nokleberg, W. J.; Parfenov, L. M.; Monger, J. W. H.; Norton, I. O.; Khanchuk, A. I.; Stone, D. B.; Scotese, C. R.; Scholl, D. W.; Fujita, K. (2000). "Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the circum-north Pacific" (PDF). USGS 231 Professional Paper. 1626: 1–122. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
Seton, M.; Müller, R. D. (2008). Reconstructing the junction between Panthalassa and Tethys since the Early Cretaceous (PDF). Eastern Australasian Basins III. Sydney: Petroleum Exploration Society of Australia, Special Publications. pp. 263–266. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
Talsma, A. S.; Müller, R. D.; Bunge, H.-P.; Seton, M. (2010). "The Geodynamic Evolution of the Junction Plate: Linking observations to high-resolution models" (PDF). 4th eResearch Australasia Conference. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
Van der Meer, D. G.; Torsvik, T. H.; Spakman, W.; Van Hinsbergen, D. J. J.; Amaru, M. L. (2012). "Intra-Panthalassa Ocean subduction zones revealed by fossil arcs and mantle structure" (PDF). Nature Geoscience. 5 (3): 215–219. doi:10.1038/ngeo1401. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
Waschbusch, P.; Beaumont, C.; Korsch, R. J. (1999). Geodynamic modelling of aspects of the New England Orogen and adjacent Bowen, Gunnedah and Surat basins (PDF). Regional geology, tectonics and metallogenesis: New England orogen. University of New England, Armidale. pp. 203–210. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
External links[edit]
"Early Triassic". Paleomap project. 24 January 2001. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
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values: Edit section: Reconstruction of ocean basin

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Active margin

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Fore-arc basin

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Coriolis effect

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Pacific Ring of Fire

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