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For loop
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It has been suggested that this article be merged with Control_flow#Loops. (Discuss) Proposed since May 2016.
This section duplicates the scope of other sections, specifically, Control_flow#Loops. (May 2016)
For loop flow diagram
Loop constructs
Do while loop
While loop
For loop
Foreach loop
Infinite loop
Control flow
In computer science, a for-loop (or simply for loop) is a control flow statement for specifying iteration, which allows code to be executed repeatedly. The syntax of a for-loop is based on the heritage of the language and the prior programming languages it borrowed from, so programming languages that are descendants of or offshoots of a language that originally provided an iterator will often use the same keyword to name an iterator, e.g., descendants of ALGOL use "for", while descendants of Fortran use "do." There are other possibilities, for example COBOL which uses "PERFORM VARYING".
Unlike many other kinds of loops, such as the while-loop, the for-loop is often distinguished by an explicit loop counter or loop variable. This allows the body of the for-loop (the code that is being repeatedly executed) to know about the sequencing of each iteration. For-loops are also typically used when the number of iterations is known before entering the loop. For-loops are the shorthand way to make loops when the number of iterations is known, as every for-loop could be written as a while-loop.
The name for-loop comes from the English word for, which is used as the keyword in most programming languages to introduce a for-loop. The term in English dates to ALGOL 58 and was popularized in the influential later ALGOL 60; it is the direct translation of the earlier German für, used in Superplan (1949–1951) by Heinz Rutishauser, who also was involved in defining ALGOL 58 and ALGOL 60. The loop body is executed "for" the given values of the loop variable, though this is more explicit in the ALGOL version of the statement, in which a list of possible values and/or increments can be specified.
In FORTRAN and PL/I though, the keyword DO is used and it is called a do-loop, but it is otherwise identical to the for-loop described here and is not to be confused with the do-while loop.
Contents
[hide]
1 for
1.1 Traditional for-loops
1.2 Iterator-based for-loops
1.3 Vectorised for-loops
1.4 Compound for-loops
2 Loop counters
2.1 Example
3 Additional semantics and constructs
3.1 Use as infinite loops
3.2 Early exit and continuation
3.3 Loop variable scope and semantics
3.3.1 Adjustment of bounds
3.4 List of value ranges
4 Equivalence with while-loops
4.1 In practice
5 Timeline of the for-loop syntax in various programming languages
5.1 1957: FORTRAN
5.2 1958: Algol
5.3 1960: COBOL
5.4 1964: BASIC
5.5 1964: PL/I
5.6 1968: Algol 68
5.7 1970: Pascal
5.8 1972: C/C++
5.9 1972: Smalltalk
5.10 1980: Ada
5.11 1980: Maple
5.12 1982: Maxima CAS
5.13 1982: PostScript
5.14 1983: Ada 83 and above
5.15 1984: MATLAB
5.16 1987: Perl
5.17 1988: Mathematica
5.18 1989: Bash
5.19 1990: Haskell
5.20 1991: Oberon-2, Oberon-07, or Component Pascal
5.21 1991: Python
5.22 1993: AppleScript
5.23 1993: Lua
5.24 1995: CFML
5.24.1 Script syntax
5.24.2 Tag syntax
5.25 1995: Java
5.26 1995: JavaScript
5.27 1995: PHP
5.28 1995: Ruby
5.29 1996: OCaml
5.30 1998: ActionScript 3
5.31 2008: Small Basic
6 Implementation in interpreted programming languages
7 See also
8 References
for[edit]
For loop illustration, from i=0 to i=2, resulting in data1=200
A for-loop statement is available in most imperative programming languages. Even ignoring minor differences in syntax there are many differences in how these statements work and the level of expressiveness they support. Generally, for-loops fall into one of the following categories:
Traditional for-loops[edit]
The for-loop of languages like ALGOL, Simula, BASIC, Pascal, Modula, Oberon, Ada, Matlab, Ocaml, F#, and so on, requires a control variable with start- and end-values and looks something like this:
for i = first to last do statement (* or just *) for i = first..last do statement
Depending on the language, an explicit assignment sign may be used in place of the equal sign (and some languages require the word in even in the numerical case). An optional step-value (an increment or decrement ≠ 1) may also be included, although the exact syntaxes used for this differs a bit more between the languages. Some languages require a separate declaration of the control variable, some do not.
Another form was popularized by the C programming language. It requires 3 parts: the initialization, the condition, and the afterthought and all these three parts are optional.[1]
The initialization declares (and perhaps assigns to) any variables required. The type of a variable should be same if you are using multiple variables in initialization part. The condition checks a condition, and quits the loop if false. The afterthought is performed exactly once every time the loop ends and then repeats.
Here is an example of the traditional for-loop in Java.
// Prints the numbers 0 to 99 (and not 100), each separated by a space. for (int i=0; i<100; i++) { System.out.print(i); System.out.print(' '); } System.out.println();
Iterator-based for-loops[edit]
Main article: Foreach loop
This type of for-loop is a generalisation of the numeric range type of for-loop, as it allows for the enumeration of sets of items other than number sequences. It is usually characterized by the use of an implicit or explicit iterator, in which the loop variable takes on each of the values in a sequence or other data collection. A representative example in Python is:
for item in some_iterable_object: do_something() do_something_else()
Where some_iterable_object is either a data collection that supports implicit iteration (like a list of employee's names), or may in fact be an iterator itself. Some languages have this in addition to another for-loop syntax; notably, PHP has this type of loop under the name for each, as well as a three-expression for-loop (see below) under the name for.
Vectorised for-loops[edit]
Some languages offer a for-loop that acts as if processing all iterations in parallel, such as the for all keyword in FORTRAN 95 which has the interpretation that all right-hand-side expressions are evaluated before any assignments are made, as distinct from the explicit iteration form. For example, in the for statement in the following pseudocode fragment, when calculating the new value for A(i), except for the first (with i = 2) the reference to A(i - 1) will obtain the new value that had been placed there in the previous step. In the for all version, however, each calculation refers only to the original, unaltered A.
for i := 2 : N - 1 do A(i) := [A(i - 1) + A(i) + A(i + 1)] / 3; next i; for all i := 2 : N - 1 do A(i) := [A(i - 1) + A(i) + A(i + 1)] / 3;

The difference may be significant.
Some languages (such as FORTRAN 95, PL/I) also offer array assignment statements, that enable many for-loops to be omitted. Thus pseudocode such as A := 0; would set all elements of array A to zero, no matter its size or dimensionality. The example loop could be rendered as
 A(2 : N - 1) := [A(1 : N - 2) + A(2 : N - 1) + A(3 : N)] / 3;
But whether that would be rendered in the style of the for-loop or the for all-loop or something else may not be clearly described in the compiler manual.
Compound for-loops[edit]
Introduced with ALGOL 68 and followed by PL/I, this allows the iteration of a loop to be compounded with a test, as in
for i := 1 : N while A(i) > 0 do etc.

That is, a value is assigned to the loop variable i and only if the while expression is true will the loop body be executed. If the result were false the for-loop's execution stops short. Granted that the loop variable's value is defined after the termination of the loop, then the above statement will find the first non-positive element in array A (and if no such, its value will be N + 1), or, with suitable variations, the first non-blank character in a string, and so on.
Loop counters[edit]
In computer programming a loop counter is the variable that controls the iterations of a loop (a computer programming language construct). It is so named because most uses of this construct result in the variable taking on a range of integer values in some orderly sequences (example., starting at 0 and end at 10 in increments of 1)
Loop counters change with each iteration of a loop, providing a unique value for each individual iteration. The loop counter is used to decide when the loop should terminate and for the program flow to continue to the next instruction after the loop.
A common identifier naming convention is for the loop counter to use the variable names i, j, and k (and so on if needed), where i would be the most outer loop, j the next inner loop, etc. The reverse order is also used by some programmers. This style is generally agreed to have originated from the early programming of FORTRAN[citation needed], where these variable names beginning with these letters were implicitly declared as having an integer type, and so were obvious choices for loop counters that were only temporarily required. The practice dates back further to mathematical notation where indices for sums and multiplications are often i, j, etc. A variant convention is the use of reduplicated letters for the index, ii, jj, and kk, as this allows easier searching and search-replacing than using a single letter.[2]
Example[edit]
An example of C code involving nested for loops, where the loop counter variables are i and j:
for (i = 0; i < 100; i++){ for (j = i; j < 10; j++){ some_function(i, j); } }
Additional semantics and constructs[edit]
Use as infinite loops[edit]
This C-style for-loop is commonly the source of an infinite loop since the fundamental steps of iteration are completely in the control of the programmer. In fact, when infinite loops are intended, this type of for-loop can be used (with empty expressions), such as:
for (;;) //loop body
This style is used instead of infinite while (1) loops to avoid a type conversion warning in some C/C++ compilers.[3] Some programmers prefer the more succinct for (;;) form over the semantically equivalent but more verbose while (true) form.
Early exit and continuation[edit]
Some languages may also provide other supporting statements, which when present can alter how the for-loop iteration proceeds. Common among these are the break and continue statements found in C and its derivatives. The break statement causes the inner-most loop to be terminated immediately when executed. The continue statement will move at once to the next iteration without further progress through the loop body for the current iteration. A for statement also terminates when a break, goto, or return statement within the statement body is executed. [Wells] Other languages may have similar statements or otherwise provide means to alter the for-loop progress; for example in FORTRAN 95:
DO I = 1, N statements !Executed for all values of "I", up to a disaster if any. IF (no good) CYCLE !Skip this value of "I", continue with the next. statements !Executed only where goodness prevails. IF (disaster) EXIT !Abandon the loop. statements !While good and, no disaster. END DO !Should align with the "DO".
Some languages offer further facilities such as naming the various loop statements so that with multiple nested loops there is no doubt as to which loop is involved. Fortran 95, for example:
X1:DO I = 1,N statements X2:DO J = 1,M statements IF (trouble) CYCLE X1 statements END DO X2 statements END DO X1
Thus, when "trouble" is detected in the inner loop, the CYCLE X1 (not X2) means that the skip will be to the next iteration for I, not J. The compiler will also be checking that each END DO has the appropriate label for its position: this is not just a documentation aid. The programmer must still code the problem correctly, but some possible blunders will be blocked.
Loop variable scope and semantics[edit]
Different languages specify different rules for what value the loop variable will hold on termination of its loop, and indeed some hold that it "becomes undefined". This permits a compiler to generate code that leaves any value in the loop variable, or perhaps even leaves it unchanged because the loop value was held in a register and never stored to memory. Actual behaviour may even vary according to the compiler's optimization settings, as with the Honywell Fortran66 compiler.
In some languages (not C or C++) the loop variable is immutable within the scope of the loop body, with any attempt to modify its value being regarded as a semantic error. Such modifications are sometimes a consequence of a programmer error, which can be very difficult to identify once made. However, only overt changes are likely to be detected by the compiler. Situations where the address of the loop variable is passed as an argument to a subroutine make it very difficult to check, because the routine's behavior is in general unknowable to the compiler. Some examples in the style of Fortran:
DO I = 1, N I = 7 !Overt adjustment of the loop variable. Compiler complaint likely. Z = ADJUST(I) !Function "ADJUST" might alter "I", to uncertain effect. normal statements !Memory might fade that "I" is the loop variable. PRINT (A(I), B(I), I = 1, N, 2) !Implicit for-loop to print odd elements of arrays A and B, reusing "I"… PRINT I !What value will be presented? END DO !How many times will the loop be executed?
A common approach is to calculate the iteration count at the start of a loop (with careful attention to overflow as in for i := 0 : 65535 do ... ; in sixteen-bit integer arithmetic) and with each iteration decrement this count while also adjusting the value of I: double counting results. However, adjustments to the value of I within the loop will not change the number of iterations executed.
Still another possibility is that the code generated may employ an auxiliary variable as the loop variable, possibly held in a machine register, whose value may or may not be copied to I on each iteration. Again, modifications of I would not affect the control of the loop, but now a disjunction is possible: within the loop, references to the value of I might be to the (possibly altered) current value of I or to the auxiliary variable (held safe from improper modification) and confusing results are guaranteed. For instance, within the loop a reference to element I of an array would likely employ the auxiliary variable (especially if it were held in a machine register), but if I is a parameter to some routine (for instance, a print-statement to reveal its value), it would likely be a reference to the proper variable I instead. It is best to avoid such possibilities.
Adjustment of bounds[edit]
Just as the index variable might be modified within a for-loop, so also may its bounds and direction. But to uncertain effect. A compiler may prevent such attempts, they may have no effect, or they might even work properly - though many would declare that to do so would be wrong. Consider a statement such as
for i := first : last : step do A(i) := A(i) / A(last);

If the approach to compiling such a loop was to be the evaluation of first, last and step and the calculation of an iteration count via something like (last - first)/step once only at the start, then if those items were simple variables and their values were somehow adjusted during the iterations, this would have no effect on the iteration count even if the element selected for division by A(last) changed.
List of value ranges[edit]
PL/I and Algol 68, allows loops in which the loop variable is iterated over a list of ranges of values instead of a single range. The following PL/I example will execute the loop with six values of i: 1, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15:
do i = 1, 7, 12 to 15;
  /*statements*/
end;

Equivalence with while-loops[edit]
A for-loop can be converted into an equivalent while-loop by incrementing a counter variable directly. The following pseudocode illustrates this technique:
factorial := 1
 for counter from 1 to 5
     factorial := factorial * counter

is easily translated into the following while-loop:
factorial := 1
 counter := 1
 while counter <= 5
    factorial := factorial * counter
    counter := counter + 1

This translation is slightly complicated by languages which allow a statement to jump to the next iteration of the loop (such as the "continue" statement in C). These statements will typically implicitly increment the counter of a for-loop, but not the equivalent while-loop (since in the latter case the counter is not an integral part of the loop construct). Any translation will have to place all such statements within a block that increments the explicit counter before running the statement.
In practice[edit]
The formal equivalence applies only in so far as computer arithmetic also follows the axia of mathematics, in particular that x + 1 > x. Actual computer arithmetic suffers from the overflow of limited representations so that for example in sixteen-bit unsigned arithmetic, 65535 + 1 comes out as zero, because 65536 cannot be represented in unsigned sixteen-bit. Similar problems arise for other sizes, signed or unsigned. Compiler writers will handle the likes of for counter := 0 to 65535 do ... next counter, possibly by producing code that inspects the state of an "overflow" indicator, but unless there is some provision for the equivalent checking when calculating counter := counter + 1; the while-loop equivalence will fail because the counter will never exceed 65535 and so the loop will never end - unless some other mishap occurs.
Timeline of the for-loop syntax in various programming languages[edit]
Given an action that must be repeated, for instance, five times, different languages' for-loops will be written differently. The syntax for a three-expression for-loop is nearly identical in all languages that have it, after accounting for different styles of block termination and so on.
1957: FORTRAN[edit]
Fortran's equivalent of the for loop is the DO loop, using the keyword do instead of for, The syntax of Fortran's DO loop is:
         DO label counter = first, last, step statements label statement
The following two examples behave equivalently to the three argument for-loop in other languages, initializing the counter variable to 1, incrementing by 1 each iteration of the loop and stopping at five (inclusive).
   DO 9, COUNTER = 1, 5, 1 WRITE (6,8) COUNTER 8 FORMAT( I2 ) 9 CONTINUE
In Fortran 77 (or later), this may also be written as:
do counter = 1, 5 write(*, '(i2)') counter end do
The step part may be omitted if the step is one. Example:
* DO loop example. PROGRAM MAIN SUM SQ = 0 DO 199 I = 1, 9999999 IF (SUM SQ.GT.1000) GO TO 200 199 SUM SQ = SUM SQ + I**2 200 PRINT 206, SUMSQ 206 FORMAT( I2 ) END
Spaces are irrelevant in fixed-form Fortran statements, thus SUM SQ is the same as SUMSQ. In the modern free-form Fortran style, blanks are significant.
In Fortran 90, the GO TO may be avoided by using an EXIT statement.
* DO loop example. program main implicit none integer :: sumsq integer :: i sumsq = 0 do i = 1, 9999999 if (sumsq > 1000.0) exit sumsq = sumsq + i**2 end do print *, sumsq end program
1958: Algol[edit]
Algol was first formalised in the Algol58 report.
1960: COBOL[edit]
COBOL was formalized in late 1959 and has had many elaborations. It uses the PERFORM verb which has many options, with the later addition of "structured" statements such as END-PERFORM. Ignoring the need for declaring and initialising variables, the equivalent of a for-loop would be
PERFORM VARYING I FROM 1 BY 1 UNTIL I > 1000 ADD I**2 TO SUM-SQ. END-PERFORM
If the PERFORM verb has the optional clause TEST AFTER, the resulting loop is slightly different: the loop body is executed at least once, before any test.
1964: BASIC[edit]
Loops in BASIC are sometimes called for-next loops.
10 REM THIS FOR LOOP PRINTS ODD NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 15 20 FOR I = 1 TO 15 STEP 2 30 PRINT I 40 NEXT I
Notice that the end-loop marker specifies the name of the index variable, which must correspond to the name of the index variable in the start of the for-loop. Some languages (PL/I, FORTRAN 95 and later) allow a statement label on the start of a for-loop that can be matched by the compiler against the same text on the corresponding end-loop statement. Fortran also allows the EXIT and CYCLE statements to name this text; in a nest of loops this makes clear which loop is intended. However, in these languages the labels must be unique, so successive loops involving the same index variable cannot use the same text nor can a label be the same as the name of a variable, such as the index variable for the loop.
1964: PL/I[edit]
do counter = 1 to 5 by 1; /* "by 1" is the default if not specified */
  /*statements*/;
  end;

The LEAVE statement may be used to exit the loop. Loops can be labeled, and leave may leave a specific labeled loop in a group of nested loops. Some PL/I dialects include the ITERATE statement to terminate the current loop iteration and begin the next.
1968: Algol 68[edit]
Algol68 has what was considered the universal loop, the full syntax is:
FOR i FROM 1 BY 2 TO 3 WHILE i≠4 DO ~ OD

Further, the single iteration range could be replaced by a list of such ranges. There are several unusual aspects of the construct
only the do ~ od portion was compulsory, in which case the loop will iterate indefinitely.
thus the clause to 100 do ~ od, will iterate exactly 100 times.
the while syntactic element allowed a programmer to break from a for loop early, as in:
INT sum sq := 0;
FOR i
 WHILE
  print(("So far:", i, new line)); # Interposed for tracing purposes. #
  sum sq ≠ 70↑2                    # This is the test for the WHILE   #
DO
  sum sq +:= i↑2
OD

Subsequent extensions to the standard Algol68 allowed the to syntactic element to be replaced with upto and downto to achieve a small optimization. The same compilers also incorporated:
until
for late loop termination.
foreach
for working on arrays in parallel.
1970: Pascal[edit]
for Counter := 1 to 5 do (*statement*);
Decrementing (counting backwards) is using downto keyword instead of to, as in:
for Counter := 5 downto 1 do (*statement*);
The numeric-range for-loop varies somewhat more.
1972: C/C++[edit]
Further information: C syntax § Iteration statements
for (initialization; condition; increment/decrement) statement
The statement is often a block statement; an example of this would be:
//Using for-loops to add numbers 1 - 5 int sum = 0; for (int i = 1; i < 6; ++i) { sum += i; }
The ISO/IEC 9899:1999 publication (commonly known as C99) also allows initial declarations in for loops. All the three sections in the for loop are optional.
1972: Smalltalk[edit]
1 to: 5 do: [ :counter | "statements" ]
Contrary to other languages, in Smalltalk a for-loop is not a language construct but defined in the class Number as a method with two parameters, the end value and a closure, using self as start value.
1980: Ada[edit]
for Counter in 1 .. 5 loop -- statements end loop;
The exit statement may be used to exit the loop. Loops can be labeled, and exit may leave a specifically labeled loop in a group of nested loops:
Counting: for Counter in 1 .. 5 loop Triangle: for Secondary_Index in 2 .. Counter loop -- statements exit Counting; -- statements end loop Triangle; end loop Counting;
1980: Maple[edit]
Maple has two forms of for-loop, one for iterating of a range of values, and the other for iterating over the contents of a container. The value range form is as follows:
for i from f by b to t while w do # loop body od;

All parts except do and od are optional. The for i part, if present, must come first. The remaining parts (from f, by b, to t, while w) can appear in any order.
Iterating over a container is done using this form of loop:
for e in c while w do # loop body od;

The in c clause specifies the container, which may be a list, set, sum, product, unevaluated function, array, or an object implementing an iterator.
A for-loop may be terminated by od, end, or end do.
1982: Maxima CAS[edit]
In Maxima CAS one can use also non integer values :
for x:0.5 step 0.1 thru 0.9 do /* "Do something with x" */
1982: PostScript[edit]
The for-loop, written as [initial] [increment] [limit] { ... } for initialises an internal variable, executes the body as long as the internal variable is not more than limit (or not less, if increment is negative) and, at the end of each iteration, increments the internal variable. Before each iteration, the value of the internal variable is pushed onto the stack.[4]
1 1 6 {STATEMENTS} for
There is also a simple repeat-loop. The repeat-loop, written as X { ... } repeat, repeats the body exactly X times.[5]
5 { STATEMENTS } repeat
1983: Ada 83 and above[edit]
procedure Main is Sum_Sq : Integer := 0; begin for I in 1 .. 9999999 loop if Sum_Sq <= 1000 then Sum_Sq := Sum_Sq + I**2 end if; end loop; end;
1984: MATLAB[edit]
for n = 1:5 -- statements end
As i is used for the Imaginary unit, its use as a loop variable is discouraged.
1987: Perl[edit]
for ($counter = 1; $counter <= 5; $counter++) { # implicitly or predefined variable # statements; } for (my $counter = 1; $counter <= 5; $counter++) { # variable private to the loop # statements; } for (1..5) { # variable implicitly called $_; 1..5 creates a list of these 5 elements # statements; } statement for 1..5; # almost same (only 1 statement) with natural language order for my $counter (1..5) { # variable private to the loop # statements; }
(Note that "there's more than one way to do it" is a Perl programming motto.)
1988: Mathematica[edit]
The construct corresponding to most other languages' for-loop is called Do in Mathematica
Do[f[x], {x, 0, 1, 0.1}]
Mathematica also has a For construct that mimics the for-loop of C-like languages
For[x= 0 , x <= 1, x += 0.1, f[x] ]
1989: Bash[edit]
# first form for i in 1 2 3 4 5 do # must have at least one command in loop echo $i # just print value of i done
# second form for (( i = 1; i <= 5; i++ )) do # must have at least one command in loop echo $i # just print value of i done
Note that an empty loop (i.e., one with no commands between do and done) is a syntax error. If the above loops contained only comments, execution would result in the message "syntax error near unexpected token 'done'".
1990: Haskell[edit]
The built-in imperative forM_ maps a monadic expression into a list, as
forM_ [1..5] $ \indx -> do statements
or get each iteration result as a list in
statements_result_list <- forM [1..5] $ \indx -> do statements
But, if you want to save the space of the [1..5] list, a more authentic monadic forLoop_ construction can be defined as
import Control.Monad as M forLoopM_ :: Monad m => a -> (a -> Bool) -> (a -> a) -> (a -> m ()) -> m () forLoopM_ indx prop incr f = do f indx M.when (prop next) $ forLoopM_ next prop incr f where next = incr indx
and used as:
  forLoopM_ (0::Int) (< len) (+1) $ \indx -> do -- whatever with the index
1991: Oberon-2, Oberon-07, or Component Pascal[edit]
FOR Counter := 1 TO 5 DO (* statement sequence *) END
Note that in the original Oberon language the for-loop was omitted in favor of the more general Oberon loop construct. The for-loop was reintroduced in Oberon-2.
1991: Python[edit]
for counter in range(1, 6): # range(1, 6) gives values from 1 to 5 inclusive (but not 6) # statements
1993: AppleScript[edit]
repeat with i from 1 to 5 -- statements log i end repeat
You can also iterate through a list of items, similar to what you can do with arrays in other languages:
set x to {1, "waffles", "bacon", 5.1, false} repeat with i in x log i end repeat
You may also use exit repeat to exit a loop at any time. Unlike other languages, AppleScript does not currently have any command to continue to the next iteration of a loop.
1993: Lua[edit]
for i = start, stop, interval do -- statements end
So, this code
for i = 1, 5, 2 do print(i) end
will print:
1 3 5
For-loops can also loop through a table using
ipairs()
to iterate numerically through arrays and
pairs()
to iterate randomly through dictionaries.
Generic for-loop making use of closures:
for name, phone, address in contacts() do -- contacts() must be an iterator function end
1995: CFML[edit]
Script syntax[edit]
Simple index loop:
for (i = 1; i <= 5; i++) { // statements }
Using an array:
for (i in [1,2,3,4,5]) { // statements }
Using a list of string values:
loop index="i" list="1;2,3;4,5" delimiters=",;" { // statements }
The above list example is only available in the dialect of CFML used by Lucee and Railo.
Tag syntax[edit]
Simple index loop:
<cfloop index="i" from="1" to="5"> <!--- statements ---> </cfloop>
Using an array:
<cfloop index="i" array="#[1,2,3,4,5]#"> <!--- statements ---> </cfloop>
Using a "list" of string values:
<cfloop index="i" list="1;2,3;4,5" delimiters=",;"> <!--- statements ---> </cfloop>
1995: Java[edit]
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { //perform functions within the loop; //can use the statement 'break;' to exit early; //can use the statement 'continue;' to skip the current iteration }
For the extended for-loop, see Foreach loop
1995: JavaScript[edit]
JavaScript supports C-style "three-expression" loops. The break and continue statements are supported inside loops.
for (var i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // ... }
Alternatively, it is possible to iterate over all keys of an array.
for (var key in array) { // also works for assoc. arrays // use array[key] ... }
1995: PHP[edit]
This prints out a triangle of *
for ($i = 0; $i <= 5; $i++) { for ($j = 0; $j <= $i; $j++) { echo "*"; } echo "<br>"; }
1995: Ruby[edit]
for counter in 1..5 # statements end 5.times do |counter| # counter iterates from 0 to 4 # statements end 1.upto(5) do |counter| # statements end
Ruby has several possible syntaxes, including the above samples.
1996: OCaml[edit]
See expression syntax.[6]
 (* for_statement := "for" ident '=' expr ( "to" ∣ "downto" ) expr "do" expr "done" *) for i = 1 to 5 do (* statements *) done ;; for j = 5 downto 0 do (* statements *) done ;;
1998: ActionScript 3[edit]
for (var counter:uint = 1; counter <= 5; counter++){ //statement; }
2008: Small Basic[edit]
For i = 1 To 10 ' Statements EndFor
Implementation in interpreted programming languages[edit]
In interpreted programming languages, for-loops can be implemented in many ways. Oftentimes, the for-loops are directly translated to assembly-like compare instructions and conditional jump instructions. However, this is not always so. In some interpreted programming languages, for-loops are simply translated to while-loops.[7] For instance, take the following Mint/Horchata code:
for i = 0; i < 100; i++
    print i
end

for each item of sequence
    print item
end

/* 'Translated traditional for-loop' */
i = 0
while i < 100
    print i
    i++
end

/* 'Translated for each loop' */
SYSTEM_VAR_0000 = 0
while SYSTEM_VAR_0000 < sequence.length()
    item = sequence[SYSTEM_VAR_0000]
    print item
    SYSTEM_VAR_0000++
end
See also[edit]
Do while loop
Foreach
Loop counter
While loop
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "For loops in C++".
Jump up ^ http://www.knosof.co.uk/vulnerabilities/loopcntrl.pdf Analysis of loop control variables in C
Jump up ^ "Compiler Warning (level 4) C4127". Microsoft. Retrieved 29 June 2011.
Jump up ^ PostScript Language Reference. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. p. 596. ISBN 0-201-37922-8.
Jump up ^ "PostScript Tutorial - Loops".
Jump up ^ OCaml expression syntax
Jump up ^ "Computer Science 61B: Data Structures and Algorithms in Java 6 - For Loops".
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=For_loop&oldid=825944266"
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text:
iPod Touch
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
iPod Touch
iPod Touch 6th generation in Pink
Developer
Apple Inc.
Manufacturer
Foxconn
Product family
iPod
Type
Mobile device
Release date
1st gen: September 5, 2007 (2007-09-05)
2nd gen: September 9, 2008 (2008-09-09)
3rd gen: September 9, 2009 (2009-09-09)
4th gen: September 1, 2010 (2010-09-01)
5th gen: October 11, 2012 (2012-10-11)
6th gen: July 15, 2015 (2015-07-15)
Units sold
100 million (as of May 2013)[1]
Operating system
iOS
System-on-chip used
1st gen: S5L8900
2nd gen: S5L8720
3rd gen: S5L8920
4th gen: Apple A4
5th gen: Apple A5
6th gen: Apple A8
CPU
1st gen: 412 MHz ARM 1176JZF-S
2nd gen: 533 MHz ARM 1176JZF-S
3rd gen: 600 MHz ARM Cortex-A8
4th gen: 800 MHz ARM Cortex-A8
5th gen: 800 MHz dual-core ARM Cortex-A9
6th gen: 1.1 GHz dual-core Apple Typhoon ARMv8[2][3]
Memory
1st & 2nd gen: 128 MB LPDDR DRAM
3rd & 4th gen: 256 MB LPDDR DRAM
5th gen: 512 MB LPDDR2 DRAM
6th gen: 1 GB LPDDR3 DRAM
Storage
32 & 128 GB flash memory (6th generation 2017)
Display
1st, 2nd, and 3rd gen: 3.5 in (89 mm) diagonal (3:2 aspect ratio), scratch-resistant glossy glass covered screen, 262,144-color (18-bit) TN LCD, 480×320 px (HVGA) at 163 ppi, 200:1 contrast ratio
4th gen: 3.5 in (89 mm) diagonal (3:2 aspect ratio),
multi-touch display,
LED backlit TN TFT LCD,
960×640 px at 326 PPI
800:1 contrast ratio (typical), 500 cd/m2 max. brightness (typical), fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating on front
5th, 6th gen: 4 in (100 mm) diagonal (16:9 aspect ratio),
1136×640 px at 326 PPI
Graphics
1st & 2nd gen: PowerVR MBX Lite GPU
3rd & 4th gen: PowerVR SGX535 GPU
5th gen: PowerVR SGX543MP2 (2-core) GPU
6th gen: PowerVR Series 6XT GX6450 (4-core) GPU
Input
Multi-touch touchscreen display
Volume buttons
Microphone
Built-in speaker
voice control
3-axis accelerometer, gyroscope
Connectivity
1st gen, 2nd gen, and 3rd gen:
Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g)
4th gen:
Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n)
5th gen:
Wi-Fi (802.11 a/b/g/n)
6th gen:
Wi-Fi (802.11 a/b/g/n/ac)
2nd gen, 3rd gen, and 4th gen:
Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
5th gen:
Bluetooth 4.0
6th gen:
Bluetooth 4.1[4]
Power
Built-in rechargeable Li-Po battery
1st gen: 3.7 V 2.15 W·h (580 mA·h)
2nd gen: 3.7 V 2.73 W·h (739 mA·h)
3rd gen: 3.7 V 2.92 W·h (789 mA·h)
4th gen: 3.7 V 3.44 W·h (930 mA·h)
5th gen: 3.7 V 3.8 W·h (1030 mA·h)
6th gen: 3.83 V 3.99 W·h (1043 mA·h)
Online services
App Store, iTunes Store, Game Center, iBookstore, iCloud, Passbook
Dimensions
1st gen:
110 mm (4.3 in) H
61.8 mm (2.43 in) W
8 mm (0.31 in) D
2nd, 3rd gen:
110 mm (4.3 in) H
61.8 mm (2.43 in) W
8.5 mm (0.33 in) D
4th gen:
111 mm (4.4 in) H
58.9 mm (2.32 in) W
7.2 mm (0.28 in) D
5th, 6th gen:
123.4 mm (4.86 in) H
58.6 mm (2.31 in) W
6.1 mm (0.24 in) D
Weight
1st gen: 120 g (4.2 oz)
2nd, 3rd gen: 115 g (4.1 oz)
4th gen: 101 g (3.6 oz)
5th, 6th gen: 88 g (3.1 oz)
Related articles
iPod Nano
iPod Classic
iPod Shuffle
List of iOS devices
Website
www.apple.com/ipod-touch/
This article is part of a series on the
iPod
Classic
Mini
Nano
Shuffle
Touch
5th
6th
List of iPod models
v
t
e
The iPod Touch (stylized and marketed as iPod touch) is an iOS-based all-purpose mobile device designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a touchscreen-controlled user interface. It connects to the Internet only through Wi-Fi base stations, does not use cellular network data, and is therefore not a smartphone; otherwise, though, besides slight design differences, it may be considered an iPhone. As it is basically an iPhone, it can be used as a music player, digital camera, web browser, note-logger, handheld game device, etc.[5] As of May 2013, 100 million iPod Touch units had been sold since 2007.[1]
iPod Touch models are sold by storage space and color, with all models of the same generation typically offering otherwise identical features, processors, and performance, in addition to available operating system upgrades; an exception was the fifth generation, as the low-end (16 GB)[6] model was initially sold without a rear-facing camera.[7] The current iPod touch is the sixth-generation model, released on July 15, 2015.
As of September 2017, the iPod Touch is currently the only product in Apple's iPod product line, following the discontinuation of the iPod Nano and iPod Shuffle on July 27, 2017. Following the discontinuation, Apple revised the storage and pricing for the iPod Touch with 32 and 128 GB of storage.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Software
1.1 Purchasing content
1.2 Third-party applications
2 User-made modifications
3 Comparison to the iPhone
4 Requirements
4.1 Setup and synchronization
4.2 Battery charging with FireWire
4.3 Apple Lightning connector
5 Models
6 Timeline of models
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Software[edit]
Main article: iOS
See also: iOS version history
The iPod Touch runs Apple's Unix-based iOS operating system (called 'iPhone OS' until 2010) and includes bundled software to browse the Internet, view maps, send and receive email, view media, and work with office documents, presentations, and spreadsheets. Users type on a virtual keyboard displayed on the screen. Apple operates an online store, allowing users to buy and directly download music, videos and third-party software. From launch, the iPod Touch was described by journalists as an 'iPhone without the phone',[9] and each iPod Touch model to date has been introduced with the same release number of iOS as the contemporary iPhone model. As for the iPod .
Successive updates to iOS since the initial release in 2007 have released additional features. iPhone OS 2.0, released on July 11, 2008, introduced the App Store, which allowed third-party applications for the first time. iPhone OS 3.0, released on June 17, 2009, added features such as cut, copy, and paste, data tethering and push notification support. iOS 4.0, released on June 21, 2010, introduced iBooks, FaceTime, and multitasking. It dropped support for the first generation iPod Touch.
In June 2011, iOS 5, the fifth major release of iOS software, was announced at Apple's WWDC 2011, which added notification, messaging and reminder features.[10] Apple limited some features, most notably the voice control system Siri, to the iPhone.[11] iOS 6, which was released on September 19, 2012 to the fourth and fifth generation iPod Touch models, contains 200 new features including Passbook, Facebook integration and Apple Maps. The fifth generation iPod Touch gained the ability to take panoramic photos, a feature shared with the iPhone 4S and iPhone 5.[12]
On June 8, 2015, it was announced at the WWDC that the iPod Touch fifth generation would support iOS 9, along with other A5 devices. This makes the iPod Touch fifth generation the first iPod Touch to support four major versions of iOS.
Recent iOS updates have been free for owners of supported iPod Touch models, but Apple received criticism for charging iPod Touch owners for versions 2.0 and 3.0, which iPhone owners received for free, and for excluding certain features from the iPod Touch software that the iPhone included.[13][14] Apple's position was that they could add features for free to the iPhone because the revenue from it is accounted for on a subscription basis under accounting rules, rather than as a one time payment.[15] At WWDC in June 2010, as of iOS 4, Steve Jobs announced that Apple had "found a way" to make subsequent OS upgrades available free to iPod Touch owners.
Purchasing content[edit]
To purchase content on the iPod Touch, the user must create an Apple ID or have an existing account. With this account one may download music and videos from the iTunes Store, apps from the App Store, or books from the iBookstore. An Apple ID account created without a credit card can be used to get free content, and gift cards can be bought to pay for apps instead of using credit cards. This is convenient for users who want to purchase an app, song, video, or E-book, but do not have a credit card.
Third-party applications[edit]
The only official way to obtain third-party applications for the iPod Touch is Apple's App Store, which is a branch of iTunes Store. The App Store application, available in all versions of iOS from 2.0 onwards, allows users to browse and download applications from a single online repository (hosted by Apple) with the iTunes Store. To develop such software, a software development kit (SDK) was officially announced on March 6, 2008, at an Apple Town Hall meeting.[16] The iOS SDK allows making applications for the iPhone and iPod Touch after paying a fee to join the development team. The developer can then set the price for the applications they develop and will receive 70% of money earned. Apple retains 30% of the sale price with no minimum fixed fee.
User-made modifications[edit]
See also: iOS jailbreaking
Like all of Apple's iOS devices, the iPod Touch is a tightly controlled or closed platform. Modifying or replacing the operating system voids the device warranty, communication between apps is limited and controlled, and Apple is the only authorized software vendor. Hackers have attempted to 'jailbreak' all iOS devices to enable forbidden or unsupported features, such as multitasking in iOS versions before 4.0, themes for the home screen and the use of software Apple has refused to sell such as a battery percentage indicator. Jailbreaks for the iPod Touch first surfaced a month after the first model was released in September 2007, when hackers released JailbreakMe 1.0 (also called "AppSnapp") to jailbreak iPhone OS 1.1.1.[17][18] This allowed users to install third-party programs on their devices before Apple permitted this.
As of August 2014, each version of iOS on iPod Touches can be jailbroken using tools such as PwnageTool, redsn0w, Absinthe, both versions of evasi0n, and Pangu.[citation needed] Apple's warranty statement implies that an iPod Touch after jailbreaking or other modification made by unofficial means is not covered by Apple's warranty. Jailbreaking is a violation of the Terms and Conditions for using iOS. The jailbreaking process can normally be undone by performing a restore through iTunes.[19]
Comparison to the iPhone[edit]
Main article: List of iOS devices
The iPod Touch is generally similar to the iPhone. Compared to a same-generation iPhone, an iPod Touch is thinner, lighter and less expensive, while lacking some hardware and software features. Steve Jobs once referred to the iPod Touch as "training wheels for the iPhone".[20]
All iPods lack Touch ID, 3D Touch, NFC, GPS, an earpiece speaker and a noise-cancelling microphone. Depending on the generation, the iPod Touch may have a smaller or inferior display and camera(s). Newer models (5th and 6th generation) lack the ambient light sensor that makes automatic brightness available. Older models lack a built in speaker, a microphone, a camera, and a flash.
No iPod Touch has a modem through which it can place phone calls or send SMS and MMS. However, 5th and 6th generation models can either piggy-back on iPhones using Continuity or use VOIP and online SMS services to provide this functionality.
Requirements[edit]
As of the 6th Generation iPod Touch:
iTunes 12.3 or later
macOS 10.8.5 or later
Windows 7 or later
Setup and synchronization[edit]
For iPod Touch units bought before October 12, 2011 users must own a Mac or PC computer to be able to use the iPod. Users then must install iTunes and connect the iPod through a USB port. The iPod will then be set up in iTunes. New iPods bought after October 12, 2011 have iOS 5.0 preloaded, and allow activation wirelessly, without the need of a PC or Mac.[21]
Earlier iPod Touch units must be plugged into a computer to be synced. This will charge the iPod Touch and sync the music library, videos, pictures and backup data. iOS 5 enables the user to do all this from the device and send it to the iCloud service, which supports macOS Lion and later.
Battery charging with FireWire[edit]
Starting with the second generation model, the iPod Touch dropped support charging from the 12 V pin of a FireWire cable.[22] Charging the iPod Touch takes about 2 hours (80 per cent capacity) for fast charge, and full charge takes about 4 hours.[citation needed]
Apple Lightning connector[edit]
Main article: Lightning (connector)
Apple Lightning connector
The fifth and sixth generations of the iPod touch both feature a new dock connector, called "Lightning", which replaces the 30-pin dock connector on older iPhone, iPad and iPod models. The Apple Lightning connector has eight pins and all the signaling is digital. This new connector is smaller than the previous one allowing for a slimmer form factor. Apple Lightning cables have duplicate pins on both sides of the plug, this makes the plug reversible. Various accessories are available to connect the Apple Lightning connector to the older 30-pin dock connector or USB,[23] although not all old accessories will work, because the lightning connector cannot handle analog signals.[24]
Models[edit]
See also: iPod Touch model comparison
As of July 2015[update], there are six types of produced iPod Touch devices.
1st generation (2007–2008) Supported until 2010 (iPhone OS 3.1.3)
2nd generation (2008–2010) Supported until 2011 (iOS 4.2.1)
3rd generation (2009–2010) Supported until 2012 (iOS 5.1.1)
4th generation (2010–2013) Supported until 2014 (iOS 6.1.6)
5th generation (2012–2015) Supported until 2016 (iOS 9.3.5)
6th generation (2015–present) Supported as of 2018 (iOS 11.4.1)
Timeline of models[edit]
Sources: Apple Newsroom Archive,[25] Mactracker Apple Inc. model database[26]
See also[edit]
Apple Inc. portal
Book: Apple Inc.
Comparison of iPod managers
Comparison of portable media players
List of iOS devices
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Smith, Mat (May 30, 2013). "Apple: 100 million iPod touches sold since 2007". Engadget. AOL Inc. Retrieved January 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "New A8 iPod Touch Clocks in at 1.10GHz, Includes 1GB RAM and Bluetooth 4.1".
Jump up ^ Brandon Chester. "Apple Refreshes The iPod Touch With A8 SoC And New Cameras".
Jump up ^ "Apple - iPod touch - Technical Specifications". Apple. Apple Inc. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "iPod touch - Features". Apple. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Although physical memory usually comes in powers-of-two GiB, Apple lists its capacities in GB, and also allows for formatting overhead.
Jump up ^ "Apple cuts prices on iPod Touch line, refreshes 16GB model". CNET. June 26, 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Apple removes iPod nano and shuffle from website hinting at discontinuation". 9to5Mac. 27 July 2017. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Sadun, Erica (September 5, 2007). "Apple announces iPod Touch: iPhone without the phone". TUAW. Retrieved September 5, 2007.
Jump up ^ "Apple announce iOS 5 and iPhone release date". Apple. October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lawler, Richard (October 4, 2011). "iPod touch still maxes out at 64GB / $399, available in white October 12th". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved May 5, 2012.
Jump up ^ Gunther, Cory (September 19, 2012). "What's new in iOS 6? Here's the changelog". SlashGear. R3 Media. Retrieved January 1, 2013.
Jump up ^ Block, Ryan (January 17, 2008). "iPod touch users: if you bought after Jan 1 the new apps are free – maybe". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ Arya, Aayush (January 24, 2008). "Early Adopter Tax Resurfaces with the iPod touch January Software Upgrade". AppleMatters. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ Dalrymple, Jim. "Accounting rules behind iPod touch update charge". Macworld. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ Block, Ryan (March 8, 2008). "Live from Apple's iPhone SDK press conference". Engadget. AOL. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Ben (October 10, 2007). "Official iPhone 1.1.1 jailbreak released with easy-to-follow instructions; does not require TIFF exploit". CNET. CBS Interactive. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
Jump up ^ Keizer, Gregg (October 29, 2007). "Hacker Software Can Install Unauthorized Software on iPhones". PCWorld. Retrieved August 25, 2011.
Jump up ^ "iPod and iSight Warranty" (PDF). Apple. p. 1. Retrieved December 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ Fildes, Nic (September 19, 2007). "iPhone finally arrives but it's neither cheap nor G3". The Independent. UK. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
Jump up ^ "iOS 5 - See new features included in iOS 5". Apple. Archived from the original on October 6, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
Jump up ^ "iPhone and iPod touch: Charging the battery". Apple. October 15, 2008. Retrieved January 12, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Apple iPhone 5 features". Apple. September 12, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ McGlaun, Shane (September 13, 2012). "iPhone 5 won't work with some accessories even with Apple Lightning adapter". SlashGear. R3 Media. Retrieved September 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Apple Inc., Newsroom Archive - Apple, Retrieved June 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Mactracker (mactracker.ca), Apple Inc. model database, version as of 26 July 2007.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to iPod Touch.
iPod Touch – official site
Technical Specifications (all models) on Apple Inc.
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GND: 7692232-7
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American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game
Conference Football Championship
Sport
Football
Conference
The American
Played
2015–present
Last contest
2017
Current champion
Central Florida
Most championships
Central Florida
(2)
TV partner(s)
ESPN/ABC
Official website
Official site
Host stadiums
Best conference team's home field (2015–present)
The American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game is a college football game currently held by the American Athletic Conference (The American) each year to determine the conference's season champion. The inaugural game was held on December 5, 2015, at 12:00 pm ET.[1]
The game will pit the champion of Eastern division and (Central Florida, Cincinnati, Connecticut, East Carolina, South Florida, and Temple) against the champion of the Western division (Houston, Memphis, Navy, SMU, Tulane, and Tulsa). The game will be played at the home stadium of the division winner with the better conference record.[2]
Television broadcast rights to the game are owned by ESPN/ABC.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Conference champions
3 Game results
3.1 Game MVPs
3.2 Results by team
4 Team selection criteria
5 Site selection criteria
6 See also
7 References
History[edit]
UCF
Cincinnati
Connecticut
East Carolina
Houston
Memphis
South Florida
SMU
Tulane
Tulsa
Temple
Navy
– East division
– West division
Further information: 2010–2014 NCAA conference realignment and 2010–13 Big East Conference realignment
The American was reorganized following the tumultuous period of realignment that hobbled the Big East between 2010 and 2013. In all, 14 member schools announced their departure for other conferences, and 15 other schools announced plans to join the conference (eight as all-sports members, and four for football only). In December 2012, the Big East's seven remaining non-FBS schools, all Catholic institutions — DePaul, Georgetown, Marquette, Providence, St. John's, Seton Hall, and Villanova – announced that they voted unanimously to leave the conference.
After a settlement in 2013 between the non-FBS schools and the FBS schools regarding the use of the conference name, the ten remaining football playing members renamed themselves the American Athletic Conference.[3] In 2014, Louisville and Rutgers departed the conference and joined the ACC and Big Ten, respectively. Their departure was succeeded on the same day by the entrance of East Carolina, Tulane, and Tulsa for all sports.[4] In 2015, the U.S. Naval Academy joined the conference for football, bringing the membership total in that sport to twelve teams. At the time, the conference split into two six-team divisions and created a conference championship game.[2]
Conference champions[edit]
For football conference champions of the Big East, the predecessor of The American, see Big East Conference (1979–2013) § Football.
The 2013 and 2014 American Athletic Conference football champions were determined by the team(s) with the best conference record, as there was no championship game held. In years were two or more teams tied in conference record, co-champions were awarded.
Season
Champion(s)
Conf.
record
Overall
record
2013 Central Florida 8–0 12–1
2014 Memphis 7–1 10–3
Cincinnati 7–1 9–4
Central Florida 7–1 9–4
Game results[edit]
Rankings are from the AP poll at time of matchup.
Year
East Division
Score
West Division
Site
Date
Attendance
2015 20 Temple 13–24 17 Houston TDECU Stadium • Houston, Texas December 5, 2015 35,721
2016 Temple 34–10 20 Navy Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium • Annapolis, Maryland December 3, 2016 22,815
2017 12 Central Florida 62–552OT 16 Memphis Spectrum Stadium • Orlando, Florida December 2, 2017 41,433
Game MVPs[edit]
Year
MVP
2015 QB Greg Ward Jr., Houston
2016 QB Phillip Walker, Temple
2017 QB McKenzie Milton, Central Florida
Results by team[edit]
Appearances
School
Wins
Losses
Pct.
Year(s) appeared
Year(s) Won
2 Temple 1 1 .500 2015, 2016 2016
1 Houston 1 0 1.000 2015 2015
1 Central Florida 1 0 1.000 2017 2017
1 Navy 0 1 .000 2016
1 Memphis 0 1 .000 2017
Team selection criteria[edit]
Division standings are based on each team's overall conference record. In the event that two teams are tied, head-to head competition would break the tie. If the two teams did not play, division record will be used to determine the divisional champion. If three or more teams are tied, the following tiebreakers are used to determine the divisional champion:[1]
The following procedures will only be used to eliminate all but two teams, at which point the two-team tie-breaking procedure (head-to-head result) will be applied.
Head-to-head (best record in games among the tied teams).
Record in games played within the division.
Record against the next highest placed team in the division (based on record in all Conference games, both divisional and non-divisional).
Record against the next highest placed team in the division (based on record in divisional games).
Record against common non-divisional opponents.
Best overall winning percentage in all games.
Highest CFP ranking following the last weekend of regular-season games.
Coin toss.
Site selection criteria[edit]
The site of the Championship Game is the home stadium of the division champion with the best overall conference record. In the event that the two division champions are tied, then the head-to-head record shall be used as the tiebreaker. If the two teams did not play, the following procedure is used to determine the host:[5]
College Football Playoff ranking, under the following conditions:
If only one division champion is ranked entering the final week of conference play, it will host if it wins in that week. If that team loses, a composite of four computer rankings is used to determine the host.
If both division champions are ranked, the higher-ranked team that won in the final week will host. If, in this scenario, neither wins in the final week, the same computer ranking system is used.
If neither division champion is ranked, the aforementioned computer rankings are used.
If neither CFP nor computer rankings determine a host, the teams' records against common conference opponents are used.
If still tied, overall record determines the host.
Finally, a coin toss is held at the conference offices.
See also[edit]
List of NCAA Division I FBS Conference Championship games
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "The American Championship Central". American Athletic Conference. June 4, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "American Announces Football Schedule Format for 2015-18". USA Today. December 18, 2012.
Jump up ^ Wolken, Dan (May 29, 2013). "American Athletic Conference unveils its primary logos". USA Today. Beyond the challenge of avoiding something that looked corporate, the league also couldn't build the logo around an acronym. From the very beginning, the conference office has been adamant that it wants to be known as The American instead of the AAC to avoid confusion with the Atlantic Coast Conference.
Jump up ^ "At a glance: Latest wave of conference realignment". USA Today. June 29, 2014. Retrieved June 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Football Bylaw 5.2 – Championship Host Determination" (PDF). American Athletic Conference Constitution. American Athletic Conference. October 30, 2016. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
[show]
v
t
e
American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game
Years
2015
2016
2017
Venues
TDECU Stadium (2015)
Navy–Marine Corps Memorial Stadium (2016)
Spectrum Stadium (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
American Athletic Conference championships
Baseball
Men's Basketball
Women's Basketball
Football
Men's Soccer
Women's Soccer
Softball
[show]
v
t
e
NCAA Division I FBS conference championship games
Current
American Athletic Championship Game (2015–present)
ACC Championship Game (2005–present)
Big Ten Championship Game (2011–present)
Big 12 Championship Game (1996–2010; 2017–present)
C-USA Championship Game (2005–present)
MAC Championship Game (1997–present)
MW Championship Game (2013–present)
Pac-12 Championship Game (2011–present)
SEC Championship Game (1992–present)
Future
Sun Belt Championship Game (2018)
Former
WAC Championship Game (1996–1998)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=American_Athletic_Conference_Football_Championship_Game&oldid=825813308"
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This page was last edited on 15 February 2018, at 15:49.
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values: 2017 American Athletic Conference Football Championship Game

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values: American Athletic Conference Baseball Tournament

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