text:
Arizona Robbins
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Arizona Robbins
Grey's Anatomy character
The Season 9 Promotional Photo of Jessica Capshaw as Dr. Arizona Robbins
First appearance
"Wish You Were Here" (5.11)
January 8, 2009
(as recurring cast)
"Good Mourning" (6.01)
September 24, 2009
(as series regular)
Created by
Shonda Rhimes
Portrayed by
Jessica Capshaw
Information
Occupation
Attending pediatric surgeon and fetal surgeon at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital
Title
Attending Pediatric Surgeon
Chief of Fetal Surgery
Board Director at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital
Chief of Pediatric Surgery (former)
M.D.
F.A.C.S.
Family
Daniel Robbins (father)
Barbera Robbins (mother)
Timothy Robbins (brother, deceased)
Spouse(s)
Callie Torres (divorced)
Significant other(s)
Lauren Boswell
Leah Murphy
Eliza Minnick
Carina DeLuca
Children
Sofia Robbin Sloan Torres
Arizona Robbins, M.D. is a fictional character on the ABC television series Grey's Anatomy, portrayed by Jessica Capshaw. She was introduced in the show's fifth season as an attending surgeon and the new chief of pediatric surgery. Originally contracted to appear in three episodes, Capshaw's contract was extended to the remainder of the fifth season, with her becoming a series regular in the sixth season.
Robbins has been characterized as "quirky" and "perky", and is well known for wearing wheely sneakers and a Holly Hobbie pink scrub cap, designed to appeal to her younger patients. She was established as a love-interest for orthopedic resident Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) after the Torres' storyline with Erica Hahn (Brooke Smith) was cut short due to what series creator Shonda Rhimes called "a lack of chemistry". Shonda Rhimes was in contrast pleased with the chemistry between Robbins and Torres, citing the addition of Capshaw to the cast as an element of the season of which she was most proud. Initial media reaction to the character was positive. Matt Mitovich of TV Guide described her as a "fan favorite", and Chris Monfette for IGN praised the addition of "fresh, new characters", such as Robbins over the course of the season.
Contents
[hide]
1 Storylines
2 Development
2.1 Casting and creation
2.2 Characterization
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Storylines[edit]
Following the death of Dr. Jordan Kenley (John Sloman), Chief Webber (James Pickens, Jr.) replaces his head of pediatric surgery with Dr. Arizona Robbins, a graduate of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Robbins has a romantic interest in orthopedic 5 year resident Callie Torres, (Sara Ramirez) later goes on to kiss her. The two embark on a relationship, but when Torres' father, Carlos (Héctor Elizondo), learns of the relationship, he threatens to cut her off financially unless she returns home with him. When Torres' father returns to Seattle and continues to reject his daughter's sexuality, Robbins is able to convince him to reconsider. She tells Mr. Torres that her father was able to accept her own sexuality, as she promised him she was still the "good man in a storm" he raised her to be, and that Torres is still the same person he raised. Torres is dismayed to learn that Robbins doesn't want children, and the two come to a conclusion that they cannot continue their relationship, since they both want different things. However, after a shooter enters Seattle Grace with a vendetta for Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), Lexie Grey (Chyler Leigh), and Richard Webber (James Pickens, Jr.), they are in lockdown together, and the two reconcile.
Robbins receives word that she has been given a grant to go to Malawi, and become a doctor there. In the end, Torres is shown to have accepted this as well and has decided to leave with Robbins. However, a fight at the airport results in Robbins leaving for Malawi without Torres, ending their relationship. She returns, hoping to rekindle her relationship with Torres, but is initially rejected. Eventually, Torres reveals that she is pregnant with Mark Sloan (Eric Dane)'s baby. Robbins accepts the situation, and she and Torres restart their relationship. Torres gifts Robbins with a weekend getaway, and Robbins proposes to Torres. After proposing, the two get in a car crash leaving Torres in critical condition. A series of surgeries follows, including the delivery of her premature baby, along with emotional breakdowns of both Sloan and Robbins. Upon the awakening of Torres, she accepts her marriage proposal, and the two are married by Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson). As the fifth year residents are coming close to the end of their residency, Robbins urges Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) to work under her. At the end of the Grey's Anatomy (season 8), Robbins is hurt badly in a plane crash, resulting in her left leg being amputated. In the aftermath of the plane accident, in which Sloan and Lexie Grey were killed, the hospital is sued and eventually found guilty of negligence. Each victim including Shepherd, Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo), Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh), and Robbins herself must receive $15 million of compensation, which leads the hospital to a near bankruptcy as the insurances refuse to pay. Those doctors and Callie buy the hospital with the help of the Harper-Avery Foundation to prevent it from closing, and each become members of the new directing board. Robbins is initially cold towards Callie because she was the one who decided for an amputation. She also struggles with body image issues, but they slowly reconcile as Robbins tries to adapt to her new life. When Dr. Lauren Boswell (Hilarie Burton) arrives at the hospital to reconstruct the face of a baby and flirts with Robbins, she is flattered that a stranger still finds her attractive despite knowing about her injury and the two have a one-night stand.
After finding out that Arizona cheated on her with Lauren, Callie kicks Arizona out of their apartment. They also let out their true feelings about the accident and more is revealed about how they actually have felt. Callie initially agrees to couples therapy, but she shows up at the office only to tell Arizona that she isn't going in. Arizona gets drunk with April for a laugh while Callie, who is at the fundraiser, tells people that Arizona died in the plane crash. Arizona is led to believe that she and Leah slept together, however all they did was dance and make grilled cheese sandwiches after watching Derek perform surgery on film. Arizona pursues a sexual relationship with Leah but cuts ties with her when Callie asks her to come back home. It is revealed that Arizona became pregnant via a sperm donor prior to sleeping with Lauren. They decided to try again for a second child, but after agreeing that Callie would carry it, Callie went to see an OB/GYN and discovered that she had developed adhesions in her uterus since Sofia's birth, meaning she can't carry any more children. When she told Arizona, Arizona offered to carry the baby, but Callie decided that since they're still on unsteady footing that if something goes wrong, they won't make it and she doesn't want to put them in that position. They agree to postpone their plans to have another baby. However, in the season finale of Season 10 it is implied that Callie and Arizona's dream of having other child may come by means of a surrogate. At the beginning of Season 11, Callie and Arizona decide to have a baby by surrogate and Arizona applies for a fetal surgery fellowship with Dr. Herman. Arizona, with a heavy workload because of the fellowship, and Callie have an argument in the waiting room, and they choose to go to therapy together, resulting in a 30-day break. Arizona believes that the break strengthened their relationship and made her realize that she needs Callie - Callie on the other hand declares that the break gave her a taste of the freedom that she has been missing. Callie walks away and the two get a divorce later.
Callie wants to take Sofia and move to New York with Penny but Arizona does not want to be separated from her daughter so she hires a lawyer and they go to court for a custody battle. After a long case, Arizona wins sole custody of Sofia. but in the end she ends up sharing Sofia with Callie because she thinks that; 'both of Sofia's moms deserve to be happy'.
Development[edit]
Casting and creation[edit]
It was first reported in December 2008 that Capshaw would be joining the cast of Grey's Anatomy as pediatric surgeon Arizona Robbins, for a multi-episode arc.[1] Initially scheduled to appear in three episodes of the show's fifth season, series creator Shonda Rhimes later extended Capshaw's contract to appear in all of the season's remaining episodes,[2] becoming a series regular in the sixth season.[3] Speaking of the new addition, Rhimes said:
I love Jessica Capshaw, and when I say love I mean love. She couldn't be a more wonderful person, and I feel like the chemistry Arizona and Callie have feels like the Meredith and Derek chemistry to me. I find them delightful to watch.
—  Shonda Rhimes, TV Fanatic[4]
This promotion saw Robbins become the only lesbian series regular on primetime TV.[5] Robbins is described as "quirky [and] perky" by TV Guide's Matt Mitovich,[6] and "a clear and rational surgeon who is not ruled by her emotions" by Kris De Leon of BuddyTV.[7] William Harper, writer of the episode "Beat Your Heart Out" in which Robbins and Torres kiss for the first time, has deemed Robbins: "genuinely, positively interested in people, in the most selfless way."[8] Commenting on Robbins' confidence, Capshaw commented: "she never thinks she's wrong and you don't hate her for it. There's no ego though, she just always thinks she's right and she is."[9] She is portrayed as having "wacky tendencies", including wearing roller shoes to work.[10]
Characterization[edit]
The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) characterized Robbins as "confident", "ambitious", and "cheerful".[11] Shortly after her arrival in the show, Robbins became a love-interest for Torres (Ramirez). The relationship between the two is referred to by fans by the portmanteau "Calzona".[12] Torres' previous girlfriend Erica Hahn (Brooke Smith) was written out of Grey's Anatomy in 2008, due to a lack of chemistry between the characters. Rhimes praised the chemistry between Robbins and Torres in contrast, comparing it to that between the show's primary couple Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) and Shepherd (Dempsey),[13] and stating: "They have that little thing that makes you want to watch them."[14] Rhimes named the addition of Capshaw to the cast as one of the elements of the season she was most proud of, commenting that she wished she could have found Callie a love interest that "sparkled" sooner, but was pleased with eventually having found one in Robbins.[13]
When Robbins turned Torres down in the episode "An Honest Mistake" due to her inexperience with women, series writer Peter Nowalk offered the insight:
I totally understand why Arizona wouldn't want to date a newborn. It's like getting a Freshman as your Physics lab partner even though you're a Senior who not only knows the Laws of Motion but has mastered them in ways that would rock that Freshman's world. Which is not to say the Freshman won't grow to be really good at Physics, or that Callie won't catch up to Arizona on the lesbian front, it's simply that Arizona might not have the patience to wait that long.
—  Peter Nowalk, Grey Matter[15]
Although the characters go on to begin a relationship, the show's one-hundredth episode "What a Difference a Day Makes" sees them experience difficulties as a result of Torres' father rejecting her for her sexuality. Rhimes commented on their ultimate reconciliation: "I love [Callie] with Arizona. [...] I like that they make me feel hopeful about love."[16] Rhimes has said of their relationship in the sixth season: "I would like to see Callie happily in a long-term relationship. We have so much to explore with them, because we barely know anything about [Arizona]."[17] Capshaw has characterized the relationship as "incredibly understanding and compassionate and sensitive".[18] She described the sixth season as being about: "cementing a very mature and grounded relationship and taking it forward. This is a drama, of course; there will be conflict, but for the time being, they're enjoying being in a relationship that seems stable."[9]
Asked whether Robbins and Torres might marry in the future, Capshaw replied: "There's probably a lot more stuff that has to happen before that happens. [...] I don't think they're going to get married just to get married. As Arizona goes, I think she has incredible discipline and she does, as you said, have a very strict moral compass and marriage would not be something she would jump into without giving it a great amount of thought."[9] Discussing Robbins' relationship with Torres' former lover Sloan, Capshaw divulged: "Whenever there's been a chance to play that I am intimidated by him or being standoffish, I've always chosen to make it very playful. It's much more Arizona's style to find it very amusing."[9]
Reception[edit]
Capshaw's connection with Sara Ramirez was praised among critics.
Robbins ranked seventh in a top ten list of gay characters on TV compiled by Jane Boursaw of TV Squad. Boursaw wrote: "She's a mix of ironies - a pediatrician who glides around the hospital on wheelies, impulsively kisses Callie, then tells her she doesn't have time to teach a newbie how to be gay. Still, she's more interesting than the other gays on this show, which are dwindling in numbers since Erica left for parts unknown."[19] Commenting on Hahn's abrupt departure from the show, Dorothy Snarker, writing for LGBT website AfterEllen.com observed of Robbins and Torres' relationship: "I [...] can't help but be wary of how the Grey's writers will handle this relationship. Jessica has proven lovely and likable in her brief screen time so far. But it's not how the romance starts, but what happens next that really matters."[12] AfterEllen.com also included Robbins in their poll of the Top 50 Lesbian and Bisexual Characters, ranking her at No. 3[20] and in their Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters, placing her at No. 2.[21]
Matt Mitovich of TV Guide noted that Robbins "quickly established herself as a fan favorite",[6] describing her as: "a breath of fresh air in the often angsty halls of Seattle Grace."[22] Chris Monfette for IGN has opinionated that the fifth season of Grey's Anatomy was an improvement on the previous two seasons, attributing this in part to the introduction of "fresh, new characters" Robbins and Owen Hunt (Kevin McKidd). Monfette wrote that Arizona's ultimate contribution to the season was "introducing the element of childcare to Seattle Grace", which in turn gave Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson) "a great arc".[23] Jennifer Godwin for E! Online approved of Arizona's season six promotion to a series regular, particularly as it meant the continuation of her relationship with Callie.[24]
The Los Angeles Times's Carina MacKenzie wrote of the sixth-season episode "Invasion": "By far the best moment in this episode was Robbins' scene with Torres' father, Carlos. Jessica Capshaw has an incredible ability to take even the most melodramatic of "Grey's" speeches and deliver them with a subtlety and an honesty that makes them come off as sincere instead of overwrought. "I was named for a battleship," she said, and in the powerful monologue that followed, she calmly and carefully explained that Torres was still the woman Carlos raised.[25]
References[edit]
Specific
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (December 3, 2008). "'Grey's Anatomy' Exclusive: Eric Stoltz lands killer role". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (February 26, 2009). "'Grey's' exclusive: Jessica Capshaw inks contract!". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Archived from the original on September 28, 2009. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (June 17, 2009). "Exclusive: 'Grey's Anatomy' promotes Jessica Capshaw". Entertainment Weekly. Time Inc. Retrieved 2009-08-19.
Jump up ^ Marsi, Steve. "Jessica Capshaw Promoted to Full Time Cast Member". TV Fanatic. SheKnows Entertainment. Retrieved May 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ Linster, The (June 18, 2009). "It's official: Callie's girlfriend isn't walking away this time". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Mitovich, Matt (June 17, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy Status Report: Knight's Fate Revealed, and More". TV Guide. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ De Leon, Kris (February 28, 2009). "Jessica Capshaw Inks 'Grey's Anatomy' Contract". BuddyTV. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Harper, William (February 5, 2009). "Bill Harper On "Beat Your Heart Out"..." Grey Matter. ABC. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Abrams, Natalie (November 4, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy's Jessica Capshaw on Callie and Arizona's Impending Trouble". TV Guide. Retrieved November 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ Diaz, Glenn Paul (March 5, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy: How Good Exactly is Seattle Grace Again?". BuddyTV. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Arizona Robbins (Jessica Capshaw) Bio". Grey's Anatomy. American Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on June 5, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Snarker, Dorothy (February 11, 2009). ""Grey's Anatomy" processes the Calzona kiss". AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on January 28, 2010. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Ausiello, Michael (May 15, 2009). "Exclusive: 'Grey's' boss on finale's Izzie-George shocker, Mer-Der 'wedding,' and more!". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Keveney, Bill (April 30, 2009). "TV is a 'journey' for 'Grey's' creator Shonda Rhimes". USA Today. Gannett Company. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Nowalk, Peter (February 19, 2009). "Pete Nowalk on "An Honest Mistake"..." Grey Matter. ABC. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Rhimes, Shonda (May 8, 2009). "Shonda Rhimes on "What a Difference a Day Makes"..." Grey Matter. ABC. Archived from the original on July 2, 2013. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (July 31, 2009). "What's Next for 'Grey's'?". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Natalie, Brams (August 13, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy Is "Heavy" This Season". E! Online (Interview). Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ Boursaw, Jane (April 8, 2009). "TV Squad Ten: Top gay characters". TV Squad. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ "AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Lesbian and Bisexual Characters". AfterEllen.com. March 15, 2010. Archived from the original on May 21, 2013. Retrieved June 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters". AfterEllen.com. February 27, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mitovich, Matt (June 19, 2009). "ABC Makes It Official: Heigl Is Staying on Grey's". TV Guide. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Monfette, Chris (May 29, 2009). "Grey's Anatomy: Season 5 Review". IGN. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
Jump up ^ Godwin, Jennifer (July 14, 2009). "Guess Who's Returning to Grey's Anatomy?". E! Online. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ MacKenzi, Carina (October 16, 2009). "'Grey's Anatomy': Mercy West is in, Izzie Stevens is out". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Company. Archived from the original on 18 October 2009. Retrieved October 17, 2009.
General
"Grey's Anatomy: Episode Recap Guide". ABC. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
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White wedding
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Mariage blanc.
This article is about the set of wedding traditions. For the Billy Idol song, see White Wedding (song). For the 2009 film, see White Wedding (film).
A white wedding is a traditional formal or semi-formal wedding originating in Britain.
The term originates from the white colour of the wedding dress, which first became popular with Victorian era elites after Queen Victoria wore a white lace dress at her wedding. However, the term now also encapsulates the entire Western wedding routine, especially in the Christian religious tradition, which generally includes a ceremony during which the marriage begins, followed by a reception.
Contents
[hide]
1 History of the white dress
2 Other trappings
3 Participants
4 The ceremony
5 The reception
6 Gallery
7 References
8 External links
History of the white dress[edit]
A bride from the late 19th century wearing a black or dark coloured wedding dress
The tradition of a white wedding dress is commonly credited to Queen Victoria's choice to wear a white court dress at her wedding to Prince Albert in 1840.[1][2] Debutantes had long been required to wear white court dresses for their first presentation at court, at a "Drawing Room" where they were introduced to the queen for the first time.[1]
Queen Victoria and Prince Albert on their return from the marriage service at St James's Palace, London, 10 February 1840.
Royal brides before Victoria did not typically wear white, instead choosing "heavy brocaded gowns embroidered with white and silver thread," with red being a particularly popular colour in Western Europe more generally.[1] European and American brides had been wearing a plethora of colours, including blue, yellow, and practical colours like black, brown, or gray. As accounts of Victoria's wedding spread across the Atlantic and throughout Europe, elites followed her lead. After Queen Victoria's and Prince Albert's wedding, the color white resembled wealth and social status.[3]
Worldwide, the color white has been associated with weddings and other significant life or spiritual events for millennia. In ancient Greece, white was the color of bridal joy, and brides not only wore white dresses and white flowers, but they also painted their bodies white.[4] In China, it was the color of purity and perfection, and thus uniquely suitable as a color associated with death, which they saw as the time when the deceased person moved towards ultimate perfection.[4] In ancient Japan, white was also the color of purity and innocence.[4] In Africa, the color white is associated with deities and worship.[4] In the Christian tradition, white clothes were worn at the time of baptism to represent spiritual purity and the washing away of sins.[4]
Because of the limitations of laundering techniques before the later part of the 20th century, white dresses provided an opportunity for conspicuous consumption. They were favored primarily as a way to show the world that the bride's family was so wealthy and so firmly part of the leisure class that the bride would choose an elaborate dress that could be ruined by any sort of work or spill.[5][6]
Although women were required to wear veils in many churches through at least the 19th century, the resurgence of the wedding veil as a symbol of the bride, and its use even when not required by the bride's religion, coincided with societal emphasis on women being modest and well-behaved.[5]
Etiquette books then began to turn the practice into a tradition and the white gown soon became a popular symbol of status that also carried "a connotation of innocence and virginal purity."[2] The story put out about the wedding veil was that decorous brides were naturally too timid to show their faces in public until they were married.
By the end of the 19th century the white dress was the garment of choice for elite brides on both sides of the Atlantic. However, middle-class British and American brides did not adopt the trend fully until after World War II.[7] With increased prosperity in the 20th century, the tradition also grew to include the practice of wearing the dress only once. As historian Vicky Howard writes, "[i]f a bride wore white in the nineteenth century, it was acceptable and likely that she wore her gown again".[2] Even Queen Victoria had her famous lace wedding dress re-styled for later use.[5]
The portrayal of weddings in Hollywood movies, particularly immediately after World War II, helped crystallize and homogenize the white wedding into a normative form.[8]
The white wedding style was given another significant boost in 1981, when three-quarter billion people—one out of six people around the globe—watched Charles, Prince of Wales marry Diana Spencer in her elaborate white taffeta dress with a 25-foot-long train.[5] This wedding is generally considered the most influential white wedding of the 20th century.[5]
Other trappings[edit]
A bride in a contemporary white wedding dress with train, tiara and white veil, taken in 2003.
The traditional white wedding wasn't necessarily defined by the color of the dress only. The wedding of Queen Victoria's daughter Victoria, to Prince Fredrick William of Prussia in 1858 also introduced choral music to the processional when standard practice had been to have music of any kind only during a party after the wedding ceremony.[9]
After World War I, as full-scale formal weddings began to be desired by the mothers of brides who did not have a permanent social secretary, the position of the wedding planner, who could coordinate the printer, florist, caterer, and seamstress, began to assume importance. The first edition of Bride's Magazine was published in 1934 as a newspaper advertising insert called "So You're Going to Get Married!" in a column titled "To the Bride", and its rival Modern Bride began publishing in 1949. Today a whole industry surrounds the provision of such weddings.
The full white wedding experience today typically requires the family to arrange for or purchase printed or engraved wedding invitations, musicians, decorations such as flowers or candles, clothes and flowers for bridesmaids, groomsmen, a flower girl, and a ring bearer. They may also add optional features, such as a guest book or commemorative wedding leaflets. It is common to have a celebration after the wedding ceremony, normally featuring a large white wedding cake.
A subtle shift in the requirements for a wedding can be detected in the modern blurb for Emily Post's Weddings "creating a wedding experience that demonstrates the bride and groom's commitment and uniqueness." "Uniqueness" is a modern addition to a wedding's requirements.
Participants[edit]
Traditional weddings require, in addition to the bride and groom, a marriage officiant, which is a minister, priest, rabbi, imam, or civil officer who is authorized to perform marriages.
Typical white weddings also include a wedding party, which consists of some or all of the following:
Groomsmen or ushers: One or more friends or family members who assist the groom, usually men. The chief groomsman is called the best man, and is given a place of honor. A woman (such as the sister of the groom) is called an honor attendant.
Bridesmaids: One or more friends or family members who support the bride. The chief bridesmaid may be called a maid of honor or matron of honor. A girl too young to be marriageable, but too old to be a flower girl, is called a junior bridesmaid.
Flower girl: A young girl who scatters flowers in front of the bridal party.
Ringbearer: An attendant, often a young boy, who carries the wedding rings.
Typically, these positions are filled by close friends of the bride and groom; being asked to serve in these capacities is seen as an honor, and typically entails some expense.
The ceremony[edit]
The bride and groom stand at the altar during the wedding ceremony, surrounded by the bridesmaids and groomsmen.
When the guests arrive for a wedding, the ushers, if any, help the guests take their places. In a typical white wedding ceremony, which is derived primarily from the Anglican tradition, the bride and groom will stand side by side at the front of the church or other venue throughout most or all the ceremony. Consequently, some guests prefer to sit on the side closer to the person they know best. Typically, this means that the bride's family sits on the house left and the groom's family on house right. The front rows are generally reserved for close family members or friends.
Some couples make a ceremony of having their grandparents, step-parents, and parents escorted to their seats immediately before the wedding procession begins. In other cases, these relatives form part of the wedding procession.
Depending on the country, her age and situation, and her personal preferences, the bride may walk alone or be escorted by her father, both of her parents, one or more relatives she wishes to honor, or the groom. In Swedish white weddings, the bride and groom usually go down the aisle together.[10] Similarly, some couples choose to have the groom escorted to the altar by his family.
Whether the bride is the first or the last of the wedding party to enter the church varies by country. In the US, the bride is typically last, being preceded by the rest of the wedding party. In the UK, she leads the procession, followed by any bridesmaids, flower girls and page boys. Sometimes the groom is already present in the church; other times, he and any groomsmen form part of the procession. The music played during this procession is commonly called a wedding march, no matter what songs are played.
If the wedding is part of a religious service, then technically the service begins after the arrival of the participants, commonly with a prayer, blessing, or ritual greeting. During the ceremony, each partner in the couple makes marriage vows to the other in front of the marriage officiant. The ceremony might include the singing of hymns or performance of a popular song, a Bible reading, or a poem.
After the wedding ceremony itself ends, the bride, groom, officiant, and two witnesses generally go off to a side room to sign the wedding register in the United Kingdom or the state-issued marriage license in the United States. Without the signing of the register or the marriage license, the marriage is not legally recognized.
Afterward, guests may cheer the departure of the couple from the church by throwing flower petals, confetti, birdseed, or rice over them. Miniature containers of bubbles are often provided to guest to blow at the couple instead of throwing the previously mentioned items.
The reception[edit]
Main article: Wedding reception
Couple cutting a wedding cake
After this, the celebrations shift to a reception at which the newly married couple, as the guests of honor, and the hosts and perhaps members of the wedding party greet the guests in a receiving line. Although now commonly called a reception no matter the style of party, wedding celebrations range from simple receptions to dinner parties to grand wedding balls.
Food is served, particularly including a wedding cake. Wedding cakes are often multi-tiered layer cakes that are elaborately decorated with white icing. Cutting the wedding cake is often turned into a ritual, complete with sharing a symbolic bite of the cake in a rite that harks back to the pagan confarreatio weddings in ancient Rome.[11]
During the reception, a number of short speeches and/or toasts may be given in honor of the couple.
If there is dancing, the bride and groom, as the guests of honor, are expected to be the first people to begin dancing. This is usually termed the bridal waltz, even if the couple has arranged for a different style of music. In Denmark, it is still normal to dance the first dance as a couple to waltz. Some families then contrive a series of arranged dances between the newlyweds and their parents, or other members of the wedding party, with guests expected to watch the performances.
At some point, the married couple may become the object of a charivari, a good-natured hazing of the newly married couple. The nature depends upon the circumstances. In India and other South Asian cultures, guests may try to steal the groom's shoes when he removes them for a religious ceremony and later sell them back to him. This game is sometimes called joota chupai. In Western cultures, guests might tie tin cans or a sign saying "Just Married" to the bumper of the couple's car, if they depart in their own car rather than a hired one.
As the guests of honor, the newly married couple is the first to leave the party. From ancient Rome through the Middle Ages in Europe, wheat kernels were thrown at the bride in a wish for affluence; now it is typical to throw rice, as a symbol of fertility, at the couple as they depart.[11]
Gallery[edit]
Photographs from late 19th century, early 20th century, and early 21st century weddings. The first two images show the bride in a black or dark dress. The photographic styles of capturing weddings continues to evolve from posed somber expressions to candid moments showing emotion and joy.
Late 1800s
A wedding party from the 1870s or 1880s
1929 wedding
1942 wedding
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c Otnes, Cele & Pleck, Elizabeth (2003). Cinderella Dreams: the Allure of the Lavish Wedding. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 31.
^ Jump up to: a b c Howard, Vicky (2006). Brides Inc.: American Weddings and the Business of Tradition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 157–159.
Jump up ^ Baker, Lindsay. "The evolution of the wedding dress". Retrieved 2017-03-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Eiseman, Leatrice (2000). Colors for Your Every Mood: Discover Your True Decorating Colors. Capital Books. p. 136. ISBN 9781892123381.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ingrassia, Catherine (2007). "Diana, Martha and Me". In Curran, Colleen. Altared: Bridezillas, Bewilderment, Big Love, Breakups, and What Women Really Think about Contemporary Weddings. New York: Vintage Books. pp. 24–30. ISBN 0-307-27763-1.
Jump up ^ Ramshaw, Gail (2004-09-06). Words around the Font. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 111. ISBN 9781592449255. [1]
Jump up ^ Jellison, Katherine (2008). It's Our Day: America's Love Affair with the White Wedding, 1945–2005. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. pp. 65–67.
Jump up ^ Martin, Judith (2005). Miss Manners' Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior. New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-05874-3. [page needed]
Jump up ^ Pleck, Elisabeth (2000). Celebrating the Family: Ethnicity, Consumer Culture and Family Rituals. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 212.
Jump up ^ "Vigselakten" [The Wedding Ceremony]. brollopstorget.se. Retrieved March 22, 2010. Det vanligaste nuförtiden i Sverige är att brud och brudgum går in i kyrkan tillsammans.
^ Jump up to: a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bride". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
External links[edit]
Neil Shister, "Queen for a Day... a skeptical look at the modern wedding ritual" from Boston Review, October/November 1998
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Eddie and the Cruisers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Eddie and the Cruisers
Theatrical release poster.
Directed by
Martin Davidson
Produced by
Joseph Brooks
Robert K. Lifton
Screenplay by
Martin Davidson
Arlene Davidson
Based on
The novel by P. F. Kluge
Starring
Tom Berenger
Michael Paré
Music by
John Cafferty
Cinematography
Fred Murphy
Edited by
Puberty Nedd-Friendly
Production
company
Aurora Productions
Distributed by
Embassy Pictures
Release date
September 23, 1983 (1983-09-23)
Running time
95 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$5 million[1]
Box office
$4.7 million
Eddie and the Cruisers is a 1983 American film directed by Martin Davidson with the screenplay written by the director and Arlene Davidson, based on the novel by P. F. Kluge. The film was marketed with the tagline "Rebel. Rocker. Lover. Idol. Vanished."
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Cast notes
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Shooting
5 Soundtrack
6 Reaction
7 Critical reception
8 Re-release
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 External links
Plot[edit]
A television reporter named Maggie Foley (Ellen Barkin) investigates the mysterious disappearance of legendary rock star Eddie Wilson (Michael Paré). Flashbacks dramatize Eddie's life and the rise and fall of his rock and roll band, Eddie and the Cruisers.
The band gets its start at a Somers Point, New Jersey club called Tony Mart's. Not adept at writing lyrics, Eddie hires Frank Ridgeway (Tom Berenger) aka "Wordman" to be the band's keyboard player and lyricist, over the protests of band manager Doc Robbins (Joe Pantoliano) and bassist Sal Amato (Matthew Laurance). Rounding out the Cruisers are saxophonist Wendell Newton (Michael "Tunes" Antunes), background singer and Eddie's girlfriend Joann Carlino (Helen Schneider), and drummer Kenny Hopkins (David Wilson).
The band's first album, Tender Years, became a major hit, but recording their next album, A Season in Hell, turns out to be a nightmare. Inspired by the bleak, fatalistic poetry of Arthur Rimbaud, Eddie pushes his bandmates beyond their limits, musically and personally. Eddie wants to be great, but bassist Sal replies, "We ain't great. We're just some guys from Jersey." Eddie makes this clear that if the band cannot be great, there is no reason to ever play music again. A Season in Hell is ultimately rejected by Satin Records on the grounds that it is "dark and strange". In the early morning hours, Eddie's car crashes through the railing and over the Stainton Memorial Causeway. Eddie vanishes without a trace, his body never found.
Almost 20 years later, Satin re-releases the band's first album, which charts even higher than it did originally. A television documentary is soon in the works, exploring the mystery of the band's second album, which had disappeared from the vaults of Satin Records the day after Eddie's disappearance. All of the original Cruisers are set to participate in it except Eddie and Wendell Newton, who had died of an overdose in August 1963 at age 37. The others are now living ordinary lives: Sal Amato fronts a Cruisers tribute band. Ridgeway is a high school English teacher in Vineland. Doc works as a radio disc jockey in Asbury Park. Joann is a stage choreographer in Wildwood, and Hopkins works in an Atlantic City casino.
During the documentary interviews, the band expresses a desire to relive the past, even though many of their memories are humiliating. For example, during a concert at Benton College, where Frank was once a student, Eddie ridicules Frank repeatedly by referring to him as "Toby Tyler". The other Cruisers members share similar stories.
Joann is able to complete the one piece of the puzzle that Frank could not: revealing what happened to the band's second album. After storming from the studio, Eddie brought her to the Palace of Depression, a makeshift castle made of garbage and junk that he visited often as a child. She reveals it was in fact she who took the master tapes for the album from Satin Records, hiding them in the Palace of Depression, where she felt they belonged.
Frank and Joann go back to the Palace of Depression to retrieve the master tapes. A mystery man driving a blue '57 Chevy Bel Air convertible identical to Eddie's arrives at the house and calls to Joann. But before she can reach the car, Frank unmasks the impostor, revealing him to be Doc, who was after the master tapes all these years. Moved by his story, Frank and Joann give him the master tapes. Doc drives off into the night vowing that the Cruisers will finally conquer the world this time.
In a surprise reveal at the ending, a bearded, much older looking Eddie is shown alive, watching the ending credits of Foley's documentary tribute to him and the band roll through the window of an appliance store. He smiles serenely, proud to know that his work is finally being heard, and then disappears into the night.
Cast[edit]
Tom Berenger as Frank Ridgeway
Michael Paré as Eddie Wilson
Joe Pantoliano as Doc Robbins
Matthew Laurance as Sal Amato
Helen Schneider as Joann Carlino
David Wilson as Kenny Hopkins
Michael "Tunes" Antunes as Wendell Newton
Ellen Barkin as Maggie Foley
Joanne Collins as Regina Lewis
Cast notes[edit]
Only two cast members, Michael "Tunes" Antunes, the tenor saxophone player for John Cafferty & The Beaver Brown Band, and backup singer Helen Schneider were professional musicians in the fictional band.
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Martin Davidson has said that the inspiration for the film came from a desire to "get all my feelings about the music of the last 30 years of rock music into it."[2] He optioned P. F. Kluge's novel with his own money and at great financial risk.[3] He wrote the screenplay with Arlene Davidson and decided to use a Citizen Kane-style story structure. He remembered, "That was in my head: the search."[4]
Davidson made a deal with Time-Life, a company that was going into the movie-making business. However, it quickly left the business after making two films that were not financially successful. He was understandably upset and a couple of days later he went out to dinner and met a secretary who had worked on his first film.[3] He told her what had happened to his film, and she gave his script for Eddie and the Cruisers to her business partners. In a relatively short time, a deal was struck with Aurora and Davidson was given a $6 million budget.
Shooting[edit]
In order to get a credible looking and sounding band for the film, Davidson hired Kenny Vance, one of the original members of Jay and the Americans.[4] He showed Davidson his scrapbook, the places the band performed, the car they drove in, and how they transported their instruments. Vance also told Davidson stories about the band, some of which he incorporated into the script.[4] Tom Berenger has said that he did not try to learn piano for the film but did practice keyboards for hours in his trailer.[5] Matthew Laurance actually learned how to play the bass through rehearsals. Only Michael "Tunes" Antunes, the tenor saxophone player for John Cafferty and the Beaver Brown Band, and Helen Schneider were professional musicians in the cast.[6]
Michael Paré was discovered in a New York City restaurant working as a chef. He said of his role in the film that it was "a thrill I've never experienced. It's a really weird high. For a few moments, you feel like a king, a god. It's scary, a dangerous feeling. If you take it too seriously ..."[5]
Davidson had the actors who played in Eddie's band rehearse as if they were getting ready for a real concert. Pare remembers, "The first time we played together - as a band - was a college concert. An odd thing happened. At first, the extras simply did what they were told. Then, as the music heated up, so did the audience. They weren't play-acting anymore. The screaming, stomping and applause became spontaneous."[6] Davidson recalls, "One by one, kids began standing up in their seats, screaming and raising their hands in rhythmic applause. A few girls made a dash for the stage, tearing at Michael's shirt. We certainly hadn't told them to do that. But we kept the cameras rolling."[6] Additionally, New Jersey musician Southside Johnny was hired as a technical advisor for the film.[7]
Ellen Barkin, who has the small role of the television reporter, Maggie Foley, later said that she "hated" making the film:
That was what we liked to call a "pay the rent" job. It wasn't a script I liked, but I remember my agent at the time saying, "Look, you only have to work two weeks, and they're going to pay you a lot of money. We'll just say it was your first movie and they just didn't release it." I think people were all fucked up on drugs. I don't know. I was a little removed, because I wasn't on the movie the whole time, but it seemed like it was just a mess. Like, when I'd go, I'd think--I like to make a movie where I know who the boss is. I like a big boss. I like a real director. And it seemed like it was just, "Who's driving the ship here? What's going on?"[8]
According to Davidson, when he completed the film, three different studios wanted to distribute it, and he went with Embassy Pictures because they offered him the most money. However, they had no prior experience in distribution and were unable to properly release it in theaters. Davidson remembered, "And six months later, somebody said, 'Your picture is appearing on HBO this weekend,' and I didn't even know."[9]
Soundtrack[edit]
Vance asked Davidson to describe his fictitious band and their music. Initially, Davidson said that the Cruisers sounded like Dion and the Belmonts, but when they meet Frank, they have elements of Jim Morrison and The Doors.[4] However, Davidson did not want to lose sight of the fact that the Cruisers were essentially a Jersey bar band, and he thought of Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. The filmmaker told Vance to find him someone that could produce music that contained elements of these three bands.[4] Davidson was getting close to rehearsals when Vance called him and said that he had found the band--John Cafferty & The Beaver Brown Band from Providence, Rhode Island.
Davidson met the band and realized that they closely resembled the band as described in the script, right down to a Cape Verdean saxophone player, whom he cast in the film.[10] Initially, Cafferty was only hired to write a few songs for the film, but he did such a good job of capturing the feeling of the 1960s and 1980s that Davidson asked him to score the entire film.[6]
After successful screenings on HBO in 1984, the album suddenly climbed the charts, going quadruple platinum. The studio re-released the soundtrack in the fall of 1984.[11] Nine months after the film was released in theaters, the main song in the film, "On the Dark Side," was the number one song in the country on Billboard's Mainstream, Rock, and Heatseeker charts;[12] and #7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[13][14] Another single from the film, "Tender Years", peaked at #31 on the Billboard Hot 100.[15]
Reaction[edit]
Eddie and the Cruisers was originally intended to open during the summer, but a scheduling error resulted in a September release, when its target audience - teenagers - were back in school.[10] The film had its world premiere at Deauville.[16] Embassy Pictures threw a promotional party for the film at a West Hollywood dance club in September, 1983 where Cafferty and his band played.[2]
The film was a box office flop, receiving many negative to mixed reviews from critics(see below). The film was released in theaters on September 23, 1983 and grossed $1.4 million on its opening weekend. It would go on to make a paltry $4.7 million in North America.[17] The film was pulled from theaters after three weeks and all of the promotional ads pulled after one week.[10]
In the fall of 1984, the single "On the Dark Side" from the soundtrack album suddenly climbed the charts, as the film was rediscovered on cable television and home video, prompting the studio to briefly re-release the album.
Critical reception[edit]
Eddie and the Cruisers was not well received by critics. Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars and wrote, "the ending is so frustrating, so dumb, so unsatisfactory, that it gives a bad reputation to the whole movie."[18]
In her review for The New York Times, Janet Maslin wrote, "Some of the details ring uncannily true, like the slick oldies nightclub act that one of the Cruisers is still doing nearly 20 years after Eddie's supposed death. Other aspects of the film are inexplicably wrong. Eddie's music sounds good, but it also sounds a lot like Bruce Springsteen's, and it would not have been the rage in 1963." However, she did praise Paré's performance: "Mr. Paré makes a fine debut; he captures the manner of a hot-blooded young rocker with great conviction, and his lip-synching is almost perfect."[19]
Gary Arnold, in the Washington Post, wrote, "At any rate, it seemed to me that what Eddie and the Cruisers aspired to do was certainly worth doing. The problem is that it finally lacks the storytelling resources to tell enough of an intriguing story about a musical mystery man."[20]
Re-release[edit]
In 1984, Eddie and the Cruisers was discovered by additional audiences during its first pay cable run on HBO.[12] Embassy Pictures re-released the film for one week based on successful summer cable screenings and a popular radio single, but it once again failed to perform at the box office.[21] Looking back, Davidson said, "that picture should have been a theatrical success. There was an audience for it. People still watch it and still tell me about it."[12]
Davidson was offered the job of directing a sequel to the film, but he was not keen on the idea and wanted no participation.[12] The eventual project, which, unlike the first, had had no source novel from Kluge as its basis, was released as Eddie and the Cruisers II: Eddie Lives! in 1989.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Tom Cody, Pleased To Meet Ya! INTERVIEW: Michael Paré talks with TV STORE ONLINE about the cult classic STREETS OF FIRE", TV Store Online October 30, 2013 accessed 23 March 2014
^ Jump up to: a b Deans, Laurie (September 2, 1983). "Movie dogs faking it as fur flies". Globe and Mail.
^ Jump up to: a b Muir 2007, p. 84.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Muir 2007, p. 86.
^ Jump up to: a b Deans, Laurie (September 23, 1983). "Most of the cast just fakes the rock". Globe and Mail.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Eddie and the Cruisers Production Notes". MGM. 1983.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ "Ellen Barkin on great directors and her favorite roles, from Diner to Buckaroo Banzai" By Sam Fragoso, Random Roles - AV Club Mar 14, 2015 accessed 30 March 2015
Jump up ^ Meyer, Andrea (November 14, 2000). "INTERVIEW: Martin Davidson's Echo; A Hollywood Vet's Tale of Dashed Dreams". indieWIRE. Retrieved 2010-07-13.
^ Jump up to: a b c Muir 2007, p. 87.
Jump up ^ Deans, Laurie (October 5, 1984). "A whole lot of shootin' going on, Western-style". Globe and Mail.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Muir 2007, p. 88.
Jump up ^ Walt Bailey. "Casey Kasem's American Top 40 – 10/27/84". oldradioshows.com. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
Jump up ^ "Casey Kasem's American Top 40 – 11/3/84". oldradioshows.com. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
Jump up ^ "Casey Kasem's American Top 40 – 1/12/85". oldradioshows.com. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
Jump up ^ Chase, Chris (August 5, 1983). "At the Movies". The New York Times.
Jump up ^ "Eddie and the Cruisers". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (September 23, 1983). "Eddie and the Cruisers". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
Jump up ^ Maslin, Janet (September 23, 1983). "Early Rock Days, Eddie and the Cruisers". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-15.
Jump up ^ Arnold, Gary (September 30, 1983). "Elusive Eddie". Washington Post.
Jump up ^ Cockrell, Eddie (October 26, 1984). "Insights on Film". Washington Post.
Bibliography[edit]
Muir, John Kenneth. The Rock and Roll Film Encyclopedia. Applause Books, 2007.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Eddie and the Cruisers
Eddie and the Cruisers on IMDb
Eddie and the Cruisers at AllMovie
Eddie and the Cruisers at Rotten Tomatoes
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The Lords of Flatbush (1974)
Almost Summer (1978)
Hero at Large (1980)
Eddie and the Cruisers (1983)
Long Gone (1987)
Heart of Dixie (1989)
Hard Promises (1991)
Looking for an Echo (2000)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eddie_and_the_Cruisers&oldid=811939881"
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List of most followed users on Instagram
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Selena Gomez is the most followed individual on Instagram, with currently 127 million followers.
This list of most followed users on Instagram contains the top 50 accounts with the most followers on the social photo-sharing platform Instagram.[1] As of August 2017, the most followed user is Instagram's own account, with more than 226 million followers.
Contents
[hide]
1 Top users
1.1 All-time
1.2 By country
2 See also
3 References
Top users
All-time
The most followed accounts on Instagram.
Rank
Account name
Owner
Country
Followers (millions)
Profession
1. @instagram[2] Instagram USA 226 Social media platform
2. @selenagomez[3] Selena Gomez 127 Musician and actress
3. @arianagrande[4] Ariana Grande 113
4. @cristiano[5] Cristiano Ronaldo Portugal 111 Footballer
5. @beyonce[6] Beyoncé USA 106 Musician
6. @taylorswift[7] Taylor Swift 103 Musician and Actress
7. @kimkardashian[8] Kim Kardashian 103 Reality TV personality
8. @kyliejenner[9] Kylie Jenner 97
9. @therock[10] Dwayne Johnson 93 Actor, professional wrestler
10. @justinbieber[11] Justin Bieber Canada 91 Musician
11. @kendalljenner[12] Kendall Jenner USA 83 Model
12. @nickiminaj[13] Nicki Minaj Trinidad and Tobago 83 Musician
13. @neymarjr[14] Neymar Brazil 81 Footballer
14. @natgeo[15] National Geographic USA 81 Magazine
15. @leomessi[16] Lionel Messi Argentina 79 Footballer
16. @nike[17] Nike USA 74 Sportswear Multinational corporation
17. @mileycyrus[18] Miley Cyrus 71 Musician and actress
18. @khloekardashian[19] Khloé Kardashian 69 Reality TV personality
19. @jlo[20] Jennifer Lopez 68 Musician and actress
20. @katyperry[21] Katy Perry 67 Musician
21. @ddlovato[22] Demi Lovato 60 Musician and actress
22. @kourtneykardash[23] Kourtney Kardashian 58 Reality TV personality
23. @victoriassecret[24] Victoria's Secret 57 Lingerie Retailer
24. @badgalriri[25] Rihanna Barbados 56 Musician
25. @kevinhart4real[26] Kevin Hart USA 54 Comedian
26. @realmadrid[27] Real Madrid C.F. Spain 52 Football club
27. @fcbarcelona[28] FC Barcelona 52
28. @theellenshow[29] The Ellen Show USA 47 Comedian
29. @justintimberlake[30] Justin Timberlake 45 Musician and actor
30. @zendaya[31] Zendaya 44 Actress
31. @vindiesel[32] Vin Diesel 43 Actor
32. @shakira[33] Shakira Colombia 42 Musician
33. @9gag[34] 9GAG Hong Kong 41 Social media platform
34. @caradelevingne[35] Cara Delevingne UK 40 Model and actress
35. @chrisbrownofficial[36] Chris Brown USA 40 Musician
36. @davidbeckham[37] David Beckham UK 40 Footballer
37. @emmawatson[38] Emma Watson 39 Actress
38. @champagnepapi[39] Drake Canada 37 Musician
39. @gigihadid[40] Gigi Hadid USA 35 Model
40. @jamesrodriguez10[41] James Rodríguez Colombia 33 Footballer
41. @kingjames[42] LeBron James USA 32 Basketballer
42. @garethbale11[43] Gareth Bale UK 31 Footballer
43. @zacefron[44] Zac Efron USA 30 Actor
44. @adele[45] Adele UK 30 Musician
45. @nikefootball[46] Nike USA 29 Sportswear Multinational corporation
46. @maluma[47] Maluma Colombia 28 Musician
47. @iamzlatanibrahimovic[48] Zlatan Ibrahimović Sweden 27 Footballer
48. @nasa[49] NASA USA 27 Government space agency
49. @vanessahudgens[50] Vanessa Hudgens USA 26 Actress and musician
50. @ronaldinho[51] Ronaldinho Brazil 26 Footballer
As of September 14, 2017
By country
Rank
Country
Account name
Owner
Followers (millions)
Profession
1. USA @instagram[2] Instagram 226 Social media platform
2. Portugal @cristiano[5] Cristiano Ronaldo 111 Footballer
3. Canada @justinbieber[11] Justin Bieber 91 Musician
4. Trinidad and Tobago @nickiminaj[13] Nicki Minaj 83
5. Brazil @neymarjr[14] Neymar 81 Footballer
6. Argentina @leomessi[16] Lionel Messi 79
7. Barbados @badgalriri[25] Rihanna 56 Musician
8. Spain @realmadrid[27] Real Madrid C.F. 52 Football club
10. Colombia @shakira[33] Shakira 42 Musician
9. Hong Kong @9gag[34] 9GAG 41 Social media platform
11. UK @caradelevingne[35] Cara Delevingne 40 Model
12. Sweden @iamzlatanibrahimovic[48] Zlatan Ibrahimović 27 Footballer
13. Uruguay @luissuarez9[52] Luis Suárez 24
14. France @chanelofficial[53] Chanel 23 Clothing Retailer
15. Germany @adidas[54] Adidas 22 Sportswear Multinational corporation
16. Indonesia @ayutingting92[55] Ayu Ting Ting 21 Musician
17. Ireland @thenotoriousmma[56] Conor McGregor 20 Mixed Martial Artist
18. India @deepikapadukone[57] Deepika Padukone 19 Actress
As of September 14, 2017
See also
List of most liked Instagram pictures
List of most followed users on Twitter
List of most subscribed users on YouTube
List of most viewed YouTube videos
List of most viewed Vevo videos
List of most streamed songs on Spotify
List of most disliked YouTube videos
List of most liked YouTube videos
List of most viewed online videos in the first 24 hours
References
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Instagram Users by Followers- Socialblade Instagram Stats | Instagram Statistics". Socialblade. Retrieved March 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@instagram". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@selenagomez". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@arianagrande". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@cristiano". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@beyonce". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@taylorswift". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@kimkardashian". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@kyliejenner". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@therock". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@justinbieber". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@kendalljenner". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@nickiminaj". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@neymarjr". Instagram. Retrieved April 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@natgeo". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@leomessi". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@nike". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@mileycyrus". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@khloekardashian". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@jlo". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@katyperry". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@ddlovato". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@kourtneykardash". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@victoriassecret". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@badgalriri". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@kevinhart4real". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@realmadrid". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@fcbarcelona". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@theellenshow". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@justintimberlake". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@zendaya". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@vindiesel". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@shakira". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@9gag". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@caradelevigne". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@chrisbrownofficial". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@davidbeckham". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@emmawatson". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@champagnepapi". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@gigihadid". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@jamesrodriguez10". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@kingjames". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@garethbale11". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@zacefron". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@adele". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@nikefootball". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@maluma". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "@iamzlatanibrahimovic". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@nasa". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@vanessahudgens". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@ronaldinho". Instagram. Retrieved September 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@luissuarez9". Instagram. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@chanelofficial". Instagram. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@adidas". Instagram. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@ayutingting92". Instagram. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@thenotoriousmma". Instagram. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "@deepikapadukone". Instagram. Retrieved September 16, 2017.
[show]
v
t
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Facebook
Website
Features
Beacon
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Notable
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Former
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Matt Cohler
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Open source
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