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p–n junction
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See also: p–n diode and Diode § Semiconductor diodes
A p–n junction. The circuit symbol is shown: the triangle corresponds to the p side.
A p–n junction is a boundary or interface between two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, inside a single crystal of semiconductor. The "p" (positive) side contains an excess of holes, while the "n" (negative) side contains an excess of electrons in the outer shells of the electrically neutral atoms there. This allows electrical current to pass through the junction only in one direction. The p-n junction is created by doping, for example by ion implantation, diffusion of dopants, or by epitaxy (growing a layer of crystal doped with one type of dopant on top of a layer of crystal doped with another type of dopant). If two separate pieces of material were used, this would introduce a grain boundary between the semiconductors that would severely inhibit its utility by scattering the electrons and holes.[citation needed]
p–n junctions are elementary "building blocks" of semiconductor electronic devices such as diodes, transistors, solar cells, LEDs, and integrated circuits; they are the active sites where the electronic action of the device takes place. For example, a common type of transistor, the bipolar junction transistor, consists of two p–n junctions in series, in the form n–p–n or p–n–p; while a diode can be made from a single p-n junction. A Schottky junction is a special case of a p–n junction, where metal serves the role of the p-type semiconductor.
Contents
[hide]
1 Properties
1.1 Equilibrium (zero bias)
1.2 Forward bias
1.3 Reverse bias
2 Governing equations
2.1 Size of depletion region
2.2 Current across depletion region
3 Non-rectifying junctions
4 Manufacture
5 History
6 See also
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Properties[edit]
Image silicon atoms (Si) enlarged about 45,000,000x.
The p–n junction possesses essential properties for modern electronics. A p-doped semiconductor is relatively conductive. The same is true of an n-doped semiconductor, but the junction between them can become depleted of charge carriers, and hence non-conductive, depending on the relative voltages of the two semiconductor regions. By manipulating this non-conductive layer, p–n junctions are commonly used as diodes: circuit elements that allow a flow of electricity in one direction but not in the other (opposite) direction. Bias is the application of a voltage across a p–n junction; forward bias is in the direction of easy current flow, and reverse bias is in the direction of little or no current flow.
The forward-bias and the reverse-bias properties of the p–n junction imply that it can be used as a diode. A p–n junction diode allows electric charges to flow in one direction, but not in the opposite direction; negative charges (electrons) can easily flow through the junction from n to p but not from p to n, and the reverse is true for holes. When the p–n junction is forward-biased, electric charge flows freely due to reduced resistance of the p–n junction. When the p–n junction is reverse-biased, however, the junction barrier (and therefore resistance) becomes greater and charge flow is minimal.
Equilibrium (zero bias)[edit]
In a p–n junction, without an external applied voltage, an equilibrium condition is reached in which a potential difference is formed across the junction. This potential difference is called built-in potential V b i {\displaystyle V_{\rm {bi}}} .
After joining p-type and n-type semiconductors, electrons from the n region near the p–n interface tend to diffuse into the p region leaving behind positively charged ions in the n region and being recombined with holes, forming negatively charged ions in the p region. Likewise, holes from the p-type region near the p–n interface begin to diffuse into the n-type region, leaving behind negatively charged ions in the p region and recombining with electrons, forming positive ions in the n region[further explanation needed]. The regions near the p–n interface lose their neutrality and most of their mobile carriers, forming the space charge region or depletion layer (see figure A).
Figure A. A p–n junction in thermal equilibrium with zero-bias voltage applied. Electron and hole concentration are reported with blue and red lines, respectively. Gray regions are charge-neutral. Light-red zone is positively charged. Light-blue zone is negatively charged. The electric field is shown on the bottom, the electrostatic force on electrons and holes and the direction in which the diffusion tends to move electrons and holes. (The log concentration curves should actually be smoother with slope varying with field strength.)
The electric field created by the space charge region opposes the diffusion process for both electrons and holes. There are two concurrent phenomena: the diffusion process that tends to generate more space charge, and the electric field generated by the space charge that tends to counteract the diffusion. The carrier concentration profile at equilibrium is shown in figure A with blue and red lines. Also shown are the two counterbalancing phenomena that establish equilibrium.
Figure B. A p–n junction in thermal equilibrium with zero-bias voltage applied. Under the junction, plots for the charge density, the electric field, and the voltage are reported. (The log concentration curves should actually be smoother, like the voltage.)
The space charge region is a zone with a net charge provided by the fixed ions (donors or acceptors) that have been left uncovered by majority carrier diffusion. When equilibrium is reached, the charge density is approximated by the displayed step function. In fact, since the y-axis of figure A is log-scale, the region is almost completely depleted of majority carriers (leaving a charge density equal to the net doping level), and the edge between the space charge region and the neutral region is quite sharp (see figure B, Q(x) graph). The space charge region has the same magnitude of charge on both sides of the p–n interfaces, thus it extends farther on the less doped side in this example (the n side in figures A and B).
Forward bias[edit]
In forward bias, the p-type is connected with the positive terminal and the n-type is connected with the negative terminal.
PN junction operation in forward-bias mode, showing reducing depletion width. The panels show energy band diagram, electric field, and net charge density. Both p and n junctions are doped at a 1e15/cm3 (0.00016C/cm3) doping level, leading to built-in potential of ~0.59 V. Reducing depletion width can be inferred from the shrinking charge profile, as fewer dopants are exposed with increasing forward bias. Observe the different quasi-fermi levels for conduction band and valence band in n and p regions (red curves)
With a battery connected this way, the holes in the p-type region and the electrons in the n-type region are pushed toward the junction and start to neutralize the depletion zone, reducing its width. The positive potential applied to the p-type material repels the holes, while the negative potential applied to the n-type material repels the electrons. The change in potential between the p side and the n side decreases or switches sign. With increasing forward-bias voltage, the depletion zone eventually becomes thin enough that the zone's electric field cannot counteract charge carrier motion across the p–n junction, which as a consequence reduces electrical resistance. The electrons that cross the p–n junction into the p-type material (or holes that cross into the n-type material) will diffuse into the nearby neutral region. The amount of minority diffusion in the near-neutral zones determines the amount of current that may flow through the diode.
Only majority carriers (electrons in n-type material or holes in p-type) can flow through a semiconductor for a macroscopic length. With this in mind, consider the flow of electrons across the junction. The forward bias causes a force on the electrons pushing them from the N side toward the P side. With forward bias, the depletion region is narrow enough that electrons can cross the junction and inject into the p-type material. However, they do not continue to flow through the p-type material indefinitely, because it is energetically favorable for them to recombine with holes. The average length an electron travels through the p-type material before recombining is called the diffusion length, and it is typically on the order of micrometers.[1]
Although the electrons penetrate only a short distance into the p-type material, the electric current continues uninterrupted, because holes (the majority carriers) begin to flow in the opposite direction. The total current (the sum of the electron and hole currents) is constant in space, because any variation would cause charge buildup over time (this is Kirchhoff's current law). The flow of holes from the p-type region into the n-type region is exactly analogous to the flow of electrons from N to P (electrons and holes swap roles and the signs of all currents and voltages are reversed).
Therefore, the macroscopic picture of the current flow through the diode involves electrons flowing through the n-type region toward the junction, holes flowing through the p-type region in the opposite direction toward the junction, and the two species of carriers constantly recombining in the vicinity of the junction. The electrons and holes travel in opposite directions, but they also have opposite charges, so the overall current is in the same direction on both sides of the diode, as required.
The Shockley diode equation models the forward-bias operational characteristics of a p–n junction outside the avalanche (reverse-biased conducting) region.
Reverse bias[edit]
A silicon p–n junction in reverse bias.
Connecting the p-type region to the negative terminal of the battery and the n-type region to the positive terminal corresponds to reverse bias. If a diode is reverse-biased, the voltage at the cathode is comparatively higher than at the anode. Therefore, very little current will flow until the diode breaks down. The connections are illustrated in the adjacent diagram.
Because the p-type material is now connected to the negative terminal of the power supply, the 'holes' in the p-type material are pulled away from the junction, leaving behind charged ions and causing the width of the depletion region to increase. Likewise, because the n-type region is connected to the positive terminal, the electrons will also be pulled away from the junction, with similar effect. This increases the voltage barrier causing a high resistance to the flow of charge carriers, thus allowing minimal electric current to cross the p–n junction. The increase in resistance of the p–n junction results in the junction behaving as an insulator.
The strength of the depletion zone electric field increases as the reverse-bias voltage increases. Once the electric field intensity increases beyond a critical level, the p–n junction depletion zone breaks down and current begins to flow, usually by either the Zener or the avalanche breakdown processes. Both of these breakdown processes are non-destructive and are reversible, as long as the amount of current flowing does not reach levels that cause the semiconductor material to overheat and cause thermal damage.
This effect is used to advantage in Zener diode regulator circuits. Zener diodes have a low breakdown voltage. A standard value for breakdown voltage is for instance 5.6 V. This means that the voltage at the cathode cannot be more than about 5.6 V higher than the voltage at the anode (although there is a slight rise with current), because the diode will break down – and therefore conduct – if the voltage gets any higher. This in effect limits the voltage over the diode.
Another application of reverse biasing is Varicap diodes, where the width of the depletion zone (controlled with the reverse bias voltage) changes the capacitance of the diode.
Governing equations[edit]
Size of depletion region[edit]
See also: Band bending
For a p–n junction, letting C A ( x ) {\displaystyle C_{A}(x)} and C D ( x ) {\displaystyle C_{D}(x)} be the concentrations of acceptor and donor atoms respectively, and letting N 0 ( x ) {\displaystyle N_{0}(x)} and P 0 ( x ) {\displaystyle P_{0}(x)} be the equilibrium concentrations of electrons and holes respectively, yields, by Poisson's equation:
− d 2 V d x 2 = ρ ε = q ε [ ( N 0 − P 0 ) + ( C D − C A ) ] {\displaystyle -{\frac {\mathrm {d} ^{2}V}{\mathrm {d} x^{2}}}={\frac {\rho }{\varepsilon }}={\frac {q}{\varepsilon }}\left[(N_{0}-P_{0})+(C_{D}-C_{A})\right]}
where V {\displaystyle V} is the electric potential, ρ {\displaystyle \rho } is the charge density, ε {\displaystyle \varepsilon } is permittivity and q {\displaystyle q} is the magnitude of the electron charge. Letting d p {\displaystyle d_{p}} be the width of the depletion region within the p-side, and letting d n {\displaystyle d_{n}} be the width of the depletion region within the n-side, it must be that
d p C A = d n C D {\displaystyle d_{p}C_{A}=d_{n}C_{D}}
because the total charge on either side of the depletion region must cancel out. Therefore, letting D {\displaystyle D} and Δ V {\displaystyle \Delta V} represent the entire depletion region and the potential difference across it,
Δ V = ∫ D ∫ q ε [ ( N 0 − P 0 ) + ( C D − C A ) ] d x d x {\displaystyle \Delta V=\int _{D}\int {\frac {q}{\varepsilon }}\left[(N_{0}-P_{0})+(C_{D}-C_{A})\right]\,\mathrm {d} x\,\mathrm {d} x}
= C A C D C A + C D q 2 ε ( d p + d n ) 2 {\displaystyle ={\frac {C_{A}C_{D}}{C_{A}+C_{D}}}{\frac {q}{2\varepsilon }}(d_{p}+d_{n})^{2}}
where P 0 = N 0 = 0 {\displaystyle P_{0}=N_{0}=0} , because we are in the depletion region. And thus, letting d {\displaystyle d} be the total width of the depletion region, we get
d = 2 ε q C A + C D C A C D Δ V {\displaystyle d={\sqrt {{\frac {2\varepsilon }{q}}{\frac {C_{A}+C_{D}}{C_{A}C_{D}}}\Delta V}}}
Δ V {\displaystyle \Delta V} can be written as Δ V 0 + Δ V ext {\displaystyle \Delta V_{0}+\Delta V_{\text{ext}}} , where we have broken up the voltage difference into the equilibrium plus external components. The equilibrium potential results from diffusion forces, and thus we can calculate Δ V 0 {\displaystyle \Delta V_{0}} by implementing the Einstein relation and assuming the semiconductor is nondegenerate (i.e. the product P 0 N 0 {\displaystyle {{P}_{0}}{{N}_{0}}} is independent of the Fermi energy):
Δ V 0 = k T q ln  ( C A C D P 0 N 0 ) {\displaystyle \Delta {{V}_{0}}={\frac {kT}{q}}\ln \left({\frac {{{C}_{A}}{{C}_{D}}}{{{P}_{0}}{{N}_{0}}}}\right)}
where T is the temperature of the semiconductor and k is Boltzmann constant.[2]
Current across depletion region[edit]
The Shockley ideal diode equation characterizes the current across a p–n junction as a function of external voltage and ambient conditions (temperature, choice of semiconductor, etc.). To see how it can be derived, we must examine the various reasons for current. The convention is that the forward (+) direction be pointed against the diode's built-in potential gradient at equilibrium.
Forward Current ( J F {\displaystyle \mathbf {J} _{F}} )
Diffusion Current: current due to local imbalances in carrier concentration n {\displaystyle n} , via the equation J D ∝ − q ∇ n {\displaystyle \mathbf {J} _{D}\propto -q\nabla n}
Reverse Current ( J R {\displaystyle \mathbf {J} _{R}} )
Field Current
Generation Current
Non-rectifying junctions[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
In the above diagrams, contact between the metal wires and the semiconductor material also creates metal–semiconductor junctions called Schottky diodes. In a simplified ideal situation a semiconductor diode would never function, since it would be composed of several diodes connected back-to-front in series. But, in practice, surface impurities within the part of the semiconductor that touches the metal terminals will greatly reduce the width of those depletion layers to such an extent that the metal-semiconductor junctions do not act as diodes. These non-rectifying junctions behave as ohmic contacts regardless of applied voltage polarity.
Manufacture[edit]
The p-n junction is created by doping, for example by ion implantation, diffusion of dopants, or by epitaxy (growing a layer of crystal doped with one type of dopant on top of a layer of crystal doped with another type of dopant). If two separate pieces of material were used, this would introduce a grain boundary between the semiconductors that would severely inhibit its utility by scattering the electrons and holes.[citation needed]
History[edit]
The invention of the p–n junction is usually attributed to American physicist Russell Ohl of Bell Laboratories in 1939.[3] Two years later (1941), Vadim Lashkaryov reported discovery of p–n junctions in Cu2O and silver sulphide photocells and selenium rectifiers.[4][5]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to PN-junction diagrams.
Alloy-junction transistor
Capacitance–voltage profiling
Deep-level transient spectroscopy
Delocalized electron
Diode modelling
Field-effect transistor
n–p–n transistor
p–n–p transistor
Semiconductor detector
Semiconductor device
Transistor–transistor logic
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Hook, J. R.; H. E. Hall (2001). Solid State Physics. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-92805-4.
Jump up ^ Luque, Antonio; Steven Hegedus (29 March 2011). Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-97612-8.
Jump up ^ Riordan, Michael; Hoddeson, Lillian (1988). Crystal fire: the invention of the transistor and the birth of the information age. USA: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 88–97. ISBN 0-393-31851-6.
Jump up ^ Lashkaryov, V. E. (1941). "Исследование запирающих слоев методом термозонда" [Investigation of a barrier layer by the thermoprobe method]. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. (in Russian). 5 (4–5): 442–446.
Jump up ^ Lashkaryov, V. E. (2008) [1941]. "Investigation of a barrier layer by the thermoprobe method" (PDF). Ukr. J. Phys. 53 (special edition): 53–56. ISSN 2071-0194. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-28.
Further reading[edit]
Shockley, William (1949). "The Theory of p-n Junctions in Semiconductors and p-n Junction Transistors". Bell System Technical Journal. 28 (3): 435–489. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1949.tb03645.x.
External links[edit]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBtEckh3L9Q Educational video on the P-N junction.
"P-N Junction" – PowerGuru, August, 2012.
Olav Torheim, Elementary Physics of P-N Junctions, 2007.
PN Junction Properties Calculator
PN Junction Lab free to use on nanoHUB.org allows simulation and study of a p–n junction diode with different doping and materials. Users can calculate current-voltage (I-V) & capacitance-voltage (C-V) outputs, as well.
Understanding the PN Junction – Explains PN junction in a very easy to understand language.
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Crazy Ex-Girlfriend (TV series)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the LMN series with a similar title, see My Crazy Ex.
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend
Genre
Romantic comedy[1]
Black comedy[2][3]
Satire[4]
Comedy-drama[5]
Musical
Cringe comedy[6]
Created by
Rachel Bloom
Aline Brosh McKenna
Starring
Rachel Bloom
Vincent Rodriguez III
Santino Fontana
Donna Lynne Champlin
Pete Gardner
Vella Lovell
Gabrielle Ruiz
David Hull
Scott Michael Foster
Opening theme
"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend" performed by Rachel Bloom (season 1)
"I'm Just a Girl in Love" performed by Rachel Bloom (season 2)
Ending theme
"Crazy Ex-Girlfriend" (instrumental, season 1)
"I'm Just a Girl in Love" (instrumental, season 2)
Composer(s)
Adam Schlesinger
Jerome Kurtenbach (pilot only)
Frank Ciampi
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
31 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Aline Brosh McKenna
Rachel Bloom
Marc Webb
Erin Ehrlich
Producer(s)
Sarah Caplan
Rachel Specter
Audrey Wauchope
Location(s)
Los Angeles, California
West Covina, California
Camera setup
Single-camera
Running time
40–43 minutes
Production company(s)
LeanMachine
webbterfuge (season 1)
Black Lamb (season 2)
racheldoesstuff (season 2)
Warner Bros. Television
CBS Television Studios
Distributor
CBS Television Distribution
Release
Original network
The CW
Original release
October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12) – present
External links
www.cwtv.com/shows/crazy-ex-girlfriend/
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend is an American romantic musical comedy-drama television series which premiered on October 12, 2015, on The CW.[7][8] The series was created by Rachel Bloom and Aline Brosh McKenna, and stars Bloom in the lead role.
On March 11, 2016, The CW renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on October 21, 2016.[9] On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a third season, which is scheduled to premiere on October 13, 2017.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
2.3 Guest stars
3 Episodes
4 Production
4.1 Casting
4.2 Music
5 Reception
5.1 Critical reception
5.2 Ratings
5.3 Accolades
6 References
7 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Rebecca Bunch is a Yale- and Harvard-educated real-estate lawyer, who works for a top New York City firm. She panics when offered a partnership and bumps into Josh Chan on the street. Josh was her first love from summer camp in 2005 and she never got over the way he dumped her at the end of camp. Josh tells her he could not make it in New York City and is moving back to West Covina, California ("Just two hours from the beach, four hours in traffic"). While watching a butter spread commercial, Rebecca decides to follow Josh in search of happiness. She hops a plane to L.A., drives to West Covina, gets a job at Darryl Whitefeather's West Covina law firm, rents an apartment, and flushes all her depression and anxiety meds down the sink. She becomes friends with the firm's paralegal, Paula, and her neighbor Heather and begins an on-again-off-again relationship with Josh's friend Greg, while trying to reconnect with Josh.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main[edit]
Rachel Bloom as Rebecca Nora Bunch, a lawyer originally from New York City. Suffering from depression and anxiety, and prone to impulsive decisions and delusions, she uproots her life and relocates to the suburb of West Covina, California, in an attempt to win back her ex-boyfriend, Josh. Intelligent but often lacking awareness of appropriate behavior in a given situation, Rebecca comes across as socially awkward, selfish, needy, and eccentric to those around her.[11]
Vincent Rodriguez III as Joshua "Josh" Felix Chan, Rebecca's caring yet unavailable ex-boyfriend and the object of her affection. Josh possesses commitment issues.
Santino Fontana as Greg Serrano, an "angry", underachieving, bartender and Josh's best friend, who has complicated feelings for Rebecca. He departs West Covina to attend Emory University, partly as a way to get away from his destructive relationship with Rebecca, despite his feelings for her. In season 2, it is revealed that he is an alcoholic. (seasons 1–2)[12]
Donna Lynne Champlin as Paula Proctor, Rebecca's co-worker and new best friend. As a way to distract herself from her own failing marriage, Paula hatches schemes and gives questionable advice in support of Rebecca's pursuit of Josh, mostly to compensate for her lack of fulfillment from not pursuing her dreams when she was younger. She later begins to focus instead on pursuing her law degree.
Pete Gardner as Darryl Whitefeather, Rebecca's often clueless boss. A middle-aged divorced dad, he discovers he is bisexual and begins dating White Josh. He is prone to feelings of loneliness and neediness over the fact that he originally lacked strong friendships and real personal connections to others. He later forms friendships with Maya, Nathaniel, Rebecca, and Paula (whom he considers his best friend), along with a strong romantic relationship with White Josh. Darryl and White Josh are the only consistently stable romantic relationship in the show.
Vella Lovell as Heather Davis, Rebecca's "cool" college student neighbor who gives sage advice and discovers she has feelings for Greg. She originally lacked motivation for obtaining any form of achievement or self-sufficiency, due to the fact that her parents encouraged failure and coddled her her entire life. She later starts working as the face of the "Miss Douche" feminine product and becomes Rebecca's roommate.
Gabrielle Ruiz as "Valencia" Maria Perez, Josh's controlling girlfriend and Rebecca's rival for Josh's affections. She initially had a strong resistance to forming relationships with women, as she saw them as competition, making her socially inept and disliked among her female peers. She feels unfulfilled and unsatisfied with her life after having devoted 15 years of her life to her relationship with Josh. Valencia is believed to suffer from insecurities over her body image. In season 2, Valencia is no longer Josh's girlfriend and is befriended by Rebecca. (recurring, season 1; main, season 2–present).[13]
David Hull as Josh Wilson, Josh Chan's Caucasian friend, usually referred to as "White Josh" or "Whi-Jo", a laid back surf-casual fitness instructor. He begins dating Darryl after the latter comes out as bisexual. White Josh tends to be judgmental yet is one of the most level-headed, rational characters in his social sphere. (recurring, season 1–2; main, season 3[14])
Scott Michael Foster as Nathaniel Plimpton III, a successful lawyer and Rebecca's new boss in season 2 after he buys equity in Whitefeather & Associates. He and Rebecca also have a complicated relationship, due to mutual dislike yet intense physical attraction to one other. He possesses an inferiority complex, feeling that he needs to live up to his father's expectation and becoming self-loathing and defeatist when he fails to do so. (recurring, season 2; main, season 3[14])
Recurring[edit]
Tovah Feldshuh as Naomi Bunch, Rebecca's divorced and overbearing Jewish mother.
Gina Gallego as Mrs. Hernandez, the communications director at Whitefeather. Although mute for all of season 1, she finally speaks in "Who Is Josh's Soup Fairy?". She generally dislikes Rebecca and disapproves of her life choices.
Rene Gube as Father Joseph, also known as Father Brah, a laid-back young priest who is Josh's childhood friend and confidant.
Steve Monroe as Scott Proctor, Paula's husband. They begin to address their marital problems when he is roped into Paula's scheming. He confesses to cheating on Paula in season 2.
Michael Hyatt as Dr. Noelle Akopian, Rebecca's straight-laced and perpetually frustrated therapist. Rebecca imagines a more vibrant version of Dr. Akopian giving her advice.
Paul Welsh as Trent Maddock, Rebecca's old Harvard classmate who has an obsessive crush on her.
John Allen Nelson (Jay Huguley in "I Hope Josh Comes to My Party!") as Silas Bunch, Rebecca's estranged father who left her after a heated argument with Naomi. She briefly visits his home in Santa Fe, New Mexico, but is brought back home by Naomi, at Silas' suggestion. He ultimately comes to West Covina for the wedding of Rebecca and Josh.
Jacob Guenther as Chris, a young boy who frequents Home Base, the bar where Greg and, eventually, Heather work and where Josh frequents, offering precocious commentary.
Parvesh Cheena as Sunil Odhav, a classmate of Paula's who becomes a close friend. (season 2–present)
Danny Jolles as George, an employee that works at Whitefeather & Associates, though none of his co-workers know his name. (season 2-present)
Esther Povitsky as Maya, the millennial administrative assistant at Whitefeather & Associates. (season 2–present)
Michael McMillian and Burl Moseley as Tim and Jim, staffers at Whitefeather & Associates who are initially antagonistic toward Rebecca.
Stephnie Weir as Karen, Rebecca's co-worker with off-putting personality quirks, including a tendency for giving away too much information.
Erick Lopez as Hector, a randy and occasionally oblivious friend of Josh and Greg. He still lives with his mother, with whom he has an unusually close relationship.
Cedric Yarbrough as Calvin Young, a potential client for Rebecca's law firm. He almost has an affair with Paula. (season 1)
Ava Acres as Young Rebecca, shown in flashbacks that detail the origins of Rebecca's various neuroses.
Johnny Ray Meeks as Kevin, Greg's overly accommodating boss.
John Yuan and Matthew Yuan as Ben and David, twin boba stand attendants.
Rachel Grate as Audra Levine, Rebecca's longtime rival who has replaced her at her old firm. (season 2–present)
Hunter Stiebel as Marty, a white grocery clerk with an afro. (season 2)
Benjamin Siemon as Brody, a grocery clerk with half an eyelid.
Olivia Edward as Madison Whitefeather, Darryl's daughter from his previous marriage. She has her own YouTube page where she showcases her pet snails that she often names after figures in popular culture.
Amy Hill as Lourdes Chan, Josh's mother.
Alberto Issac as Joseph Chan, Josh's father.
Tess Paras and Coryn Mabalot as Jayma and Jastenity Chan, Josh's sisters.
Steele Stebbins as Tommy Proctor, Paula's son.
Robin Thomas as Marco Serrano, Greg's father.
Brittany Snow as Anna Hicks, a new love interest for Josh. (season 2)
Guest stars[edit]
Roshon Fegan as Nguyen
Amber Riley and Ricki Lake as the Dream Ghosts.
BJ Novak as himself.
Lea Salonga as Aunt Myrna, Josh's Aunt.
Patton Oswalt as Castleman, a graveyard security guard.
Patti LuPone as Rabbi Shari, Rebecca's rabbi from Scarsdale.
Seth Green as Patrick, a delivery guy
Adam Kaufman as Robert Donnelly, Rebecca's former professor at Harvard, with whom she had an affair.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend episodes
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 18 October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12) April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18)
2 13 October 21, 2016 (2016-10-21) February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)
3 TBA October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13)[15] TBA
Production[edit]
The series was originally developed for Showtime, and a pilot was produced, but Showtime opted not to proceed with it on February 9, 2015.[16] The CW picked up the series on May 7, 2015, for the Fall 2015–2016 season.[17] The series has been extensively reworked for The CW, expanding the show format from a half-hour to a full hour and adjusting the content for broadcast television, as the original pilot was produced for premium cable.[18] On October 5, 2015, shortly before the series premiere, The CW placed an order of five additional scripts.[19] On November 23, 2015, the CW ordered another five episodes,[20] raising the total for season 1 to 18.[21] On March 11, 2016, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend was renewed for a second season, along with eleven other CW series.[22] The second season commenced on October 21, 2016. The second season is shown in the UK on Netflix with episodes available the Saturday after the U.S. airdate.
Casting[edit]
On September 30, 2014, Santino Fontana, Donna Lynne Champlin, Vincent Rodriguez III and Michael McDonald joined Rachel Bloom in the series regular cast.[23] With the move to The CW, the series went through casting changes and McDonald departed the cast.[18] Shortly afterwards, Vella Lovell and Pete Gardner were added as regulars; with Lovell in the role of Heather, Rebecca's underachieving neighbor; and Gardner replacing McDonald in the role of Darryl, Rebecca's new boss.[24]
On May 23, 2016, it was announced that Gabrielle Ruiz, who portrays Valencia, was promoted to series regular for season two.[13] In November 2016, it was announced that Santino Fontana would be departing the series, with episode four of the second season resulting as his last as a series regular.[12]
On April 5, 2017, it was announced that David Hull and Scott Michael Foster, who portray White Josh and Nathaniel respectively, were promoted to series regulars for season three.[14]
Music[edit]
Each episode contains two to three original songs. These are usually sung by Rebecca or a character with whom she is having a direct interaction, parodying the musical theater conceit of characters bursting into song at significant moments in the plot. In "Josh Has No Idea Where I Am", it is revealed that Rebecca has these musical fantasies out of passion for her love of musical theater. In later episodes, several other characters sing while Rebecca is not present.
A few of the songs on the show are shot twice, one clean version and an explicit version. The explicit versions are posted on Bloom's YouTube channel.[25]
The first volume of the soundtrack of season one was released on February 19, 2016. It includes all the songs from the first eight episodes of season one, alongside Bloom's a cappella rough demos of "Feeling Kinda Naughty", "I Have Friends", "Settle for Me," and "Sex with a Stranger" as well as Adam Schlesinger's demo version of "What'll It Be".[26]
Reception[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend received critical acclaim, with critics praising the show's writing, musical numbers and Bloom's performance. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the first season received an average score of 78 based on 23 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".[27] Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 96% positive rating, with an average rating of 7.7 out of 10 based on reviews from 49 critics, with the site's consensus stating: "Lively musical numbers and a refreshing, energetic lead, Rachel Bloom, make Crazy Ex-Girlfriend a charming, eccentric commentary on human relationships."[28]
The second season continued to receive acclaim, with Bloom and Champlin earning particular praise. The season holds a rating of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 9 out of 10 based on 13 reviews. The site′s critical consensus reads, "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend remains delightfully weird, engaging, and even more courageous and confident in its sophomore outing."[29] On Metacritic, it has a score of 86 out of 100 based on 8 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[30]
A critic from the New York Times chose Crazy Ex-Girlfriend as one of her picks for the best TV shows of 2017.[31]
Ratings[edit]
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)
1 Monday 8:00 pm 18 October 12, 2015 0.90[32] April 18, 2016 0.82[33] 2015–16 195 1.03 0.4[34]
2 Friday 9:00 pm 13 October 21, 2016 0.53[35] February 3, 2017 0.58[36] 2016–17 164 0.75[37] 0.3[38]
3 Friday 8:00 pm TBA October 13, 2017 TBD TBA TBD 2017–18 TBD TBD TBD
Accolades[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref
2016 68th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Choreography Kathryn Burns ("I'm So Good at Yoga", "A Boy Band Made Up of Four Joshes" and "Settle for Me") Won [39]
Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics Adam Schlesinger, Rachel Bloom and Jack Dolgen ("Settle for Me") Nominated
Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music Rachel Bloom and Adam Schlesinger Nominated
Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series Kabir Akhtar ("Josh Just Happens to Live Here") Won
Critics' Choice Award Best Actress in a Comedy Series Rachel Bloom Won [40]
Dorian Awards Unsung TV Show of the Year Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [41]
Gold Derby Awards Best Comedy Actress Rachel Bloom Nominated [42]
Best Breakthrough Performer of the Year Nominated
Golden Globe Award Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy Rachel Bloom Won [43]
Gotham Awards Breakthrough Series – Long Form Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Won [44]
HMMA Awards Outstanding Music Supervision – Television Jack Dolgen Nominated [42]
OFTA Awards Best Actress in a Comedy Series Rachel Bloom Nominated [42]
Best New Theme Song in a Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated
People's Choice Awards Favorite New TV Comedy Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [45]
Poppy Awards Best Comedy Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [46]
Best Actress in a Comedy Rachel Bloom Nominated
Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Santino Fontana Nominated
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Donna Lynne Champlin Nominated
TCA Awards Outstanding Achievement in Comedy Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [47]
Outstanding New Program Nominated
Individual Achievement in Comedy Rachel Bloom Won
Young Artist Award Recurring Young Actor (13 and Under) Steele Stebbins Nominated [48]
2017 69th Primetime Emmy Awards Outstanding Original Music And Lyrics Adam Schlesinger, Rachel Bloom and Jack Dolgen ("We Tapped That Ass") Nominated [49]
Artios Awards Best Casting in a Television Pilot and First Season Comedy Felicia Fasano, Bernard Telsey, Tim Payne and Tara Nostramo Won [50]
Dorian Awards TV Comedy of the Year Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [42]
GLAAD Media Award Outstanding Comedy Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Nominated [51]
Gold Derby Awards Best Comedy Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Pending [52]
Best Comedy Actress Rachel Bloom Pending
Golden Globe Award Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy Rachel Bloom Nominated [53]
Golden Reel Awards Best Sound Editing – TV Short Form Musical Crazy Ex-Girlfriend ("When Will Josh See How Cool I Am?") Nominated [54]
Gracie Awards Comedy – TV National Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Won [55]
Actress in a Supporting Role – Comedy or Musical Donna Lynne Champlin Won
Women's Image Network Awards Outstanding Comedy Series Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Won [56]
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend,' Dark Comedy With A Broadway Twist". 2 May 2016.
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Jump up ^ "The Best Show on TV Is Crazy Ex-Girlfriend". 29 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "A Girl-Group Themed Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Proves Even a Fragmented Episode is Better Than Most TV".
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Jump up ^ Kondolojy, Amanda (July 31, 2015). "The CW Moves 'Jane the Virgin' &'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' Premieres Up to Monday October 12". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (March 11, 2016). "'The Flash', 'The 100' and even 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' renewed: All 11 CW series picked up for 2016-17". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (January 8, 2017). "'Arrow', 'The Flash', 'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend', 'Jane The Virgin' & more renewed by The CW". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved January 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "All hail the rise of the reasonably competent TV heroine". Toronto Star, November 5, 2016, Sophie Van Bastelaer.
^ Jump up to: a b Thomas, Kaitlin (November 11, 2016). "Why Crazy Ex-Girlfriend's Latest Heartbreaking Decision Was Also the Right One". TV Guide. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Swift, Andy (May 23, 2016). "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend's Gabrielle Ruiz Promoted to Series Regular". TVLine. Retrieved May 23, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Calvario, Liz (April 6, 2017). "‘Crazy Ex-Girlfriend’: Scott Michael Foster Upped To Series Regular For Season 3". Deadline.com.
Jump up ^ http://www.spoilertv.com/2017/06/the-cw-announces-fall-2017-premiere.html
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Jump up ^ Andreeva, Nellie (May 7, 2015). "CW Picks Up Crazy Ex-Girlfriend As Hourlong Series, DC's Legends Of Tomorrow & Cordon". Deadline.com. Retrieved May 8, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Andreeva, Nellie (May 14, 2015). "‘Crazy Ex-Girlfriend': How Did Racy Showtime Comedy Land At CW, What Will Be Changed, Who Is Leaving The Cast?". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Swift, Andy (October 5, 2015). "The CW's iZombie, Crazy Ex-Girlfriend Get 5 Additional Script Orders Each". TVLine. Retrieved October 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Thomas, Kaitlin (November 23, 2015). "The CW Orders More iZombie and Crazy Ex-Girlfriend, but Doesn't Give Them Full Seasons". TV.com.
Jump up ^ Kumari Upadhyaya, Kayla (November 23, 2015). "The CW orders more episodes of Crazy Ex-Girlfriend and iZombie". The A.V. Club. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kissell, Rick (March 11, 2016). "The CW Renews Full Series Slate, Including 'The 100,' Season 12 of 'Supernatural'". Variety. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Showtime(R) Comedy Pilot "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend" Sets Cast". The Futon Critic. September 30, 2014. Retrieved September 24, 2015.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (July 17, 2015). "Vella Lovell & Pete Gardner Join CW’s ‘Crazy Ex-Girlfriend'; Ray Proscia Recurs In Amazon’s ‘The Man In The High Castle’". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ "racheldoesstuff". YouTube. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
Jump up ^ "'Crazy Ex-Girlfriend' Soundtrack Released Today". The Futon Critic. February 19, 2016. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Crazy Ex-Girlfriend - Season 1 Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Crazy Ex-girlfriend: Season 1 (2015)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 10, 2015.
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Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/03/watching/the-best-tv-of-2017-so-far-.html
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (October 13, 2015). "Monday final ratings: 'The Voice' and 'Big Bang Theory' adjusted up, 'Castle', 'Life in Pieces' and 'Scorpion' Adjusted Down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (April 19, 2016). "Monday final ratings: 'Supergirl' finale adjusts up, 'NCIS: LA' adjusts down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 19, 2016.
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Jump up ^ de Moraes, Lisa (May 25, 2017). "Final 2016-17 TV Rankings: ‘Sunday Night Football’ Winning Streak Continues". Deadline.com. Retrieved June 9, 2017.
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External links[edit]
Official website
Crazy Ex-Girlfriend on IMDb
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text:
List of Major League Baseball single-game strikeout leaders
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Roger Clemens (left) and Randy Johnson (right) are the only pitchers to strike out 18 or more batters in a nine-inning game on three separate occasions.
In baseball, a strikeout occurs when a pitcher throws three strikes to a batter during his time at bat.[1] Twenty different pitchers have struck out at least 18 batters in a single nine-inning Major League Baseball (MLB) game as of 2016,[a] the most recent being Max Scherzer of the Washington Nationals on May 11, 2016.[4] Four players have accomplished the feat more than once in their career; no player has ever struck out more than 20 batters in a game. Charlie Sweeney was the first player to strike out 18 batters in a single game, doing so for the Providence Grays against the Boston Beaneaters on June 7, 1884.[5] In spite of this, Bob Feller is viewed as the first pitcher to accomplish the feat,[6][7] since his then-record 18 strikeouts was the first to occur during the 20th century and the live-ball era.[8]
Out of the twenty pitchers who have accomplished the feat, fifteen were right-handed and five pitched left-handed. Five of these players have played for only one major league team. Five pitchers—Steve Carlton, Roger Clemens, Randy Johnson, Nolan Ryan and Tom Seaver—are also members of the 3,000 strikeout club. Sweeney has the fewest career strikeouts in the group with 505, while Nolan Ryan, with 5,714, struck out more batters than any other pitcher in major league history.[9] Bill Gullickson and Kerry Wood are the only rookies to have achieved the feat.[10][11] Tom Seaver concluded his milestone game by striking out the final ten batters he faced, setting a new major league record for most consecutive strikeouts.[12][13]
Of the eleven players eligible for the Baseball Hall of Fame who have struck out 18 batters in a game, six have been elected; all six were elected on the first ballot.[14] Players are eligible for the Hall of Fame if they have played in at least 10 major league seasons, and have either been retired for five seasons or deceased for at least six months.[15] These requirements leave two players ineligible who are active, two players ineligible who are living and have played in the past five seasons, and five who did not play in 10 major league seasons.
Contents
[hide]
1 Players
1.1 18 strikeouts in extra-inning games
2 See also
3 Notes
4 References
5 External links
Players[edit]
Kerry Wood tied Roger Clemens' major league record of 20 strikeouts in a nine-inning game on May 6, 1998.
Sandy Koufax is one of six pitchers who have 18 strikeouts in a game to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.
Bob Feller was the first player to achieve 18 strikeouts in a game during the live-ball era.
Max Scherzer tied Kerry Wood and Roger Clemens' major league record of 20 strikeouts in a nine-inning game on May 11, 2016.
Nolan Ryan amassed 18 or more strikeouts in a nine-inning game twice, as well as 19 strikeouts in extra-inning games three times.
Key
Pitcher
Name of the pitcher
Date
Date of the game
Team
The player's team at the time of the game
Opposing team
The team against whom the pitcher struck out 18 players
Score
Final score of the game, with the player's team score listed first
Strikeouts
Number of strikeouts the pitcher recorded
Career Ks
Career strikeouts
Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame
*
Player is active
Indicates the player's team lost the game
MLB pitchers with 18 strikeouts in a nine-inning game
Pitcher
Date
Team
Opposing team
Score
Strikeouts
Career Ks
Refs
Scherzer, MaxMax Scherzer*
000000002016-05-11-0000May 11, 2016 Washington Nationals Detroit Tigers 3–2 20 1,881 [16][17]
Wood, KerryKerry Wood
000000001998-05-06-0000May 6, 1998 Chicago Cubs Houston Astros 2–0 20 1,582 [11][18]
Clemens, RogerRoger Clemens
000000001996-09-18-0000September 18, 1996 Boston Red Sox Detroit Tigers 4–0 20 4,672 [19][20]
Clemens, RogerRoger Clemens
000000001986-04-29-0000April 29, 1986 Boston Red Sox Seattle Mariners 3–1 20 4,672 [20][21]
Johnson, RandyRandy Johnson
000000001997-08-08-0000August 8, 1997 Seattle Mariners Chicago White Sox 5–0 19 4,875 [22][23]
Johnson, RandyRandy Johnson
000000001997-06-24-0000June 24, 1997 Seattle Mariners Oakland Athletics 1–4 19 4,875 [23][24]
Cone, DavidDavid Cone
000000001991-10-06-0000October 6, 1991 New York Mets Philadelphia Phillies 7–0 19 2,668 [25][26]
Ryan, NolanNolan Ryan
000000001974-08-12-0000August 12, 1974 California Angels Boston Red Sox 4–2 19 5,714 [27][28]
Seaver, TomTom Seaver
000000001970-04-22-0000April 22, 1970 New York Mets San Diego Padres 2–1 19 3,640 [29][30]
Carlton, SteveSteve Carlton
000000001969-09-15-0000September 15, 1969 St. Louis Cardinals New York Mets 3–4 19 4,136 [31][32]
Daily, HughHugh Daily
000000001884-07-07-0000July 7, 1884 Chicago Browns Boston Reds 10–4 19 846 [33][34]
Sweeney, CharlieCharlie Sweeney
000000001884-06-07-0000June 7, 1884 Providence Grays Boston Beaneaters 2–1 19 505 [35][36]
Kluber, CoreyCorey Kluber*
000000002015-05-13-0000May 13, 2015 Cleveland Indians St. Louis Cardinals 2–0 18 630 [37][38]
Sheets, BenBen Sheets
000000002004-05-16-0000May 16, 2004 Milwaukee Brewers Atlanta Braves 4–1 18 1,325 [39][40]
Clemens, RogerRoger Clemens
000000001998-08-25-0000August 25, 1998 Toronto Blue Jays Kansas City Royals 3–0 18 4,672 [20][41]
Johnson, RandyRandy Johnson
000000001992-09-27-0000September 27, 1992 Seattle Mariners Texas Rangers 2–3 18 4,875 [23][42]
Martínez, RamónRamón Martínez
000000001990-06-04-0000June 4, 1990 Los Angeles Dodgers Atlanta Braves 6–0 18 1,427 [43][44]
Gullickson, BillBill Gullickson
000000001980-09-10-0000September 10, 1980 Montreal Expos Chicago Cubs 4–2 18 1,279 [10][45]
Guidry, RonRon Guidry
000000001978-06-17-0000June 17, 1978 New York Yankees California Angels 4–0 18 1,778 [46][47]
Ryan, NolanNolan Ryan
000000001976-09-10-0000September 10, 1976 California Angels Chicago White Sox 3–2 18 5,714 [28][48]
Wilson, DonDon Wilson
000000001968-07-14-0000July 14, 1968 Houston Astros Cincinnati Reds 6–1 18 1,283 [49][50]
Koufax, SandySandy Koufax
000000001962-04-24-0000April 24, 1962 Los Angeles Dodgers Chicago Cubs 10–2 18 2,396 [51][52]
Koufax, SandySandy Koufax
000000001959-08-31-0000August 31, 1959 Los Angeles Dodgers San Francisco Giants 5–2 18 2,396 [52][53]
Feller, BobBob Feller
000000001938-10-02-0000October 2, 1938 Cleveland Indians Detroit Tigers 1–4 18 2,581 [54][55]
Porter, HenryHenry Porter
000000001884-10-03-0000October 3, 1884 Milwaukee Brewers Boston Reds 4–5 18 659 [56][57]
Shaw, DupeeDupee Shaw
000000001884-07-19-0000July 19, 1884 Boston Reds St. Louis Maroons 0–1 18 950 [58][59]
18 strikeouts in extra-inning games[edit]
Seven different pitchers have struck out at least 18 batters in an extra-inning Major League Baseball (MLB) game to date. Only Nolan Ryan accomplished the feat more than once in his career and no player has ever struck out more than 21 batters in a game.
The following list is kept separate from the above list of pitchers who have struck out 18 or more batters in a nine-inning game. This is due to the differing number of innings pitched during an extra-inning game, the lack of a definitive endpoint to the game that would otherwise allow for a fair comparison to be made, and the advantage of having more opportunities to strike out players during an extra-inning game as opposed to one lasting nine innings.
Key
IP
Innings pitched by the pitcher in the game
MLB pitchers with 18 strikeouts in an extra-inning game
Pitcher
Date
Team
Opposing team
Score
Strikeouts
IP
Career Ks
Refs
Cheney, TomTom Cheney
000000001962-09-12-0000September 12, 1962 Washington Senators Baltimore Orioles 2–1 21 16 345 [60][61]
Johnson, RandyRandy Johnson
000000002001-05-08-0000May 8, 2001 Arizona Diamondbacks Cincinnati Reds 4–3 20 9[b] 4,875 [23][62]
Tiant, LuisLuis Tiant
000000001968-07-03-0000July 3, 1968 Cleveland Indians Minnesota Twins 1–0 19 10 2,416 [63][64]
Ryan, NolanNolan Ryan
000000001974-06-14-0000June 14, 1974 California Angels Boston Red Sox 4–3 19 13 5,714 [28][65]
Ryan, NolanNolan Ryan
000000001974-08-20-0000August 20, 1974 California Angels Detroit Tigers 0–1 19 11 5,714 [28][66]
Ryan, NolanNolan Ryan
000000001977-06-08-0000June 8, 1977 California Angels Toronto Blue Jays 2–1 19 10 5,714 [28][67]
Spahn, WarrenWarren Spahn
000000001952-06-14-0000June 14, 1952 Boston Braves Chicago Cubs 1–3 18 15 2,583 [68][69]
Short, ChrisChris Short
000000001965-10-02-0000October 2, 1965 Philadelphia Phillies New York Mets 0–0 18 15 1,629 [70][71]
Maloney, JimJim Maloney
000000001965-06-14-0000June 14, 1965 Cincinnati Reds New York Mets 0–1 18 11 1,605 [72][73]
See also[edit]
Baseball portal
3,000 strikeout club
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ 18 strikeouts is utilized as the benchmark because it signifies approximately 2⁄3 of a nine-inning game's 27 outs were made by a single pitcher via a strikeout ("approximately" due to the fact that a pitcher can record more than three strikeouts in an inning with the uncaught third strike rule).[2][3]
Jump up ^ Although the game went into extra innings (11 total), Johnson was relieved by Byung-hyun Kim after nine innings.[62]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Guide to baseball". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Official Baseball Rules" (PDF). MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. 2012. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Official Rules: 6.00 – The Batter". MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. Retrieved March 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Collier, Jamal (May 12, 2016). "Roaring 20! Max Ties K Mark, Mauls Tigers". MLB.com. MLB Advanced Media. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Caruso, Gary (October 25, 1995). The Braves Encyclopedia. Temple University Press. p. 15. ISBN 9781566393843. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Richard (December 15, 2010). "Bob Feller, Whose Fastball Dazzled, Dies at 92". The New York Times. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Blevins, Dave (December 23, 2011). The Sports Hall of Fame Encyclopedia: Baseball, Basketball, Football, Hockey, Soccer. Scarecrow Press. p. 15. ISBN 9781461673705. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Allen, Maury (May 8, 1961). "The 18 Strikeouts Of Bob Feller". Sports Illustrated. CNN. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Career Leaders & Records for Strikeouts". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Bill Gullickson Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Kerry Wood Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bock, Hal (April 23, 1970). "Seaver Fans 19". Ocala Star-Banner. Associated Press. p. 2B. Retrieved March 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Costello, Brian (June 22, 2008). "Terr-whiff-ic! Seaver Ties Record With 19 Strikeouts". New York Post. p. 87. Retrieved March 5, 2013. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ "Baseball Hall of Fame Inductees". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Rules for Election". National Baseball Hall of Fame. Retrieved July 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "May 11, 2016 Detroit Tigers at Washington Nationals Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. May 11, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Max Scherzer Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "May 6, 1998 Houston Astros at Chicago Cubs Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. May 6, 1998. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "September 18, 1996 Boston Red Sox at Detroit Tigers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 18, 1996. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Roger Clemens Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "April 29, 1986 Seattle Mariners at Boston Red Sox Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. April 29, 1986. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "August 8, 1997 Chicago White Sox at Seattle Mariners Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 8, 1997. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Randy Johnson Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "June 24, 1997 Oakland Athletics at Seattle Mariners Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 24, 1997. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "October 6, 1991 New York Mets at Philadelphia Phillies Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. October 6, 1991. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "David Cone Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "August 12, 1974 Boston Red Sox at California Angels Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 12, 1974. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Nolan Ryan Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "April 22, 1970 San Diego Padres at New York Mets Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. April 22, 1970. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Tom Seaver Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "September 15, 1969 New York Mets at St. Louis Cardinals Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 15, 1969. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Steve Carlton Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Vaccaro, Frank. "Hugh Daily". The Baseball Biography Project. Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hugh Daily Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Ballplayers – Charlie Sweeney". BaseballLibrary.com. Baseball Library. Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Charlie Sweeney Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "May 13, 2015 St. Louis Cardinals at Cleveland Indians Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. May 13, 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Corey Kluber Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ "May 16, 2004 Atlanta Braves at Milwaukee Brewers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. May 16, 2004. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ben Sheets Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "August 25, 1998 Kansas City Royals at Toronto Blue Jays Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 25, 1998. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "September 27, 1992 Seattle Mariners at Texas Rangers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 27, 1992. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "June 4, 1990 Atlanta Braves at Los Angeles Dodgers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 4, 1990. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ramon Martinez Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "September 10, 1980 Chicago Cubs at Montreal Expos Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 10, 1980. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "June 17, 1978 California Angels at New York Yankees Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 17, 1978. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Ron Guidry Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "September 10, 1976 California Angels at Chicago White Sox Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 10, 1976. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "July 14, 1968 Houston Astros at Cincinnati Reds Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. July 14, 1968. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Don Wilson Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "April 24, 1962 Los Angeles Dodgers at Chicago Cubs Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. April 24, 1962. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sandy Koufax Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "August 31, 1959 San Francisco Giants at Los Angeles Dodgers Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 31, 1959. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "October 2, 1938 Detroit Tigers at Cleveland Indians Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. October 2, 1938. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Bob Feller Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bevis, Charlie. "George Bignell". The Baseball Biography Project. Society for American Baseball Research. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Henry Porter Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Early Records Of Lou Gehrig While At College Minus". The Lewiston Daily Sun. April 16, 1929. p. 11. Retrieved December 9, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dupee Shaw Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved December 1, 2012.
Jump up ^ "September 12, 1962 Washington Senators at Baltimore Orioles Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. September 12, 1962. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Tom Cheney Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "May 8, 2001 Cincinnati Reds at Arizona Diamondbacks Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. May 8, 2001. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "July 3, 1968 Minnesota Twins at Cleveland Indians Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. July 3, 1968. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Luis Tiant Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved January 26, 2013.
Jump up ^ "June 14, 1974 Boston Red Sox at California Angels Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 14, 1974. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "August 20, 1974 Detroit Tigers at California Angels Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. August 20, 1974. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "June 8, 1977 Toronto Blue Jays at California Angels Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 8, 1977. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "June 14, 1952 Chicago Cubs at Boston Braves Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 14, 1952. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Warren Spahn Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "October 2, 1965 Philadelphia Phillies at New York Mets Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. October 2, 1965. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Chris Short Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "June 14, 1965 New York Mets at Cincinnati Reds Play by Play and Box Score". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. June 14, 1965. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Jim Maloney Statistics and History". Baseball-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Major_League_Baseball_single-game_strikeout_leaders&oldid=801792197"
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