text:
Surviving Escobar
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Surviving Escobar
Genre
Crime thriller
Drama
Based on
Sobreviviendo a Pablo Escobar: "Popeye" El Sicario, 23 años y 3 meses de cárcel
by John Jairo Velásquez
Written by
Various[show]
Andrés Ramírez
Gerardo Pinzón
Catalina Coy
Jhonny Ortiz
Jorge Hiller
Directed by
Various[show]
Juan Carlos Vásquez
Luis Alberto Restrepo
Jorge Sandoval
Creative director(s)
Gŭarnizo and Lizaralde
Starring
Juan Pablo Urrego
Country of origin
Colombia
Original language(s)
Spanish
No. of seasons
1
No. of episodes
69 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Asier Aguilar
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Distributor
Caracol Internacional
Release
Original network
Caracol Televisión
Picture format
HDTV 1080i
Audio format
Stereophonic sound
Original release
8 February (2017-02-08) – 23 May 2017 (2017-05-23)
Chronology
Preceded by
Sin tetas sí hay paraíso
Followed by
La Nocturna
Surviving Escobar (stylized onscreen as Surviving Escobar: Alias JJ), is a Colombian drama television series created by Caracol Televisión.[1] The series is based on the book written by John Jairo Velásquez, alias "Popeye", lieutenant and chief of the band of assassins of Pablo Escobar.[2][3] It stars Juan Pablo Urrego as the titular character.
The first season of the series was made available on Netflix on August 1, 2017.[4][5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Special participation
3 Episodes
4 References
Plot[edit]
Sobreviviendo a Escobar recounts the life of Alias "JJ" after becoming the only survivor of the so-called "Extraditables". Everything begins in the decline of Pablo Escobar, when Alias "JJ" decides to surrender to justice. Already in prison he must face his enemies and use all his tactics not only to survive, but to establish again as a great capo inside the prison and continue his reign of terror, returning to be a feared drug trafficker from the prison.
Cast[edit]
Juan Pablo Urrego as John Jairo Velásquez
Amparo Grisales as Mónica Machado[6]
Nicole Santamaría as Alexandra Restrepo[6]
Elkin Díaz as Abel Mahecha[6]
Francisco Javier Rueda as Pedro Rentería[6]
Ramsés Ramos as Galeno[6]
Lina Marcela Castrillón as Victoria de Mahecha[6]
Toto Vega as Iván Darío Urrego Cuartas
Ramsés Ramos as Comandante / Tulio Galeno
Mario Bolaños as Carlos Castañeda
Francisco Javier Rueda as Pedro Rentería, alias "El Potro"
Juan Felipe Muñoz as alias "Piojo"
Frank Beltrán as Leonidas Caicedo alias "Zurcido"
Adrián Jiménez as Duván
Victoria Hernández as Rosa Restrepo Jaramillo
Ulices González as «gordo Robledo»
Salvador Puentes as alias "3H"
Natasha Klauss as Ana María Solozábal[7]
Special participation[edit]
Amparo Grisales as Mónica Machado
Juan Pablo Franco as Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria
Angélica Blandón as Lorenza Penagos
Luis Mesa as Ignacio Molina
Héctor Hernández as Gabriel Mendoza
Julio Sanchez Coccaro as Eduardo Bejarano
Episodes[edit]
No.
Title
Original air date
Colombia viewers
(millions)
1
"J.J. se entrega a las autoridades con tal de evitar su muerte" 8 February 2017 (2017-02-08) 8.4[8]
2
"Alexandra cae en manos de la Fiscalía, mientras J.J. busca alianzas en la cárcel" 9 February 2017 (2017-02-09) 8.4[9]
3
"J.J. frustra el plan de Abel Mahecha de liberar a ‘3H’ de la cárcel" 10 February 2017 (2017-02-10) 7.3[10]
4
"J.J. se gana la confianza de los paramilitares al liderar un motín" 13 February 2017 (2017-02-13) 8.2[11]
5
"Alias J.J. sobrevive a un nuevo atentado y le salva la vida a uno de sus enemigos" 14 February 2017 (2017-02-14) 7.9[12]
6
"Cegada por su ira, Alexandra decide hablar con las autoridades" 15 February 2017 (2017-02-15) 9.1[13]
7
"Con la desaparición de ‘El Potro’ y ‘3H’, J.J. es enviado al calabozo" 16 February 2017 (2017-02-16) 8.8[14]
8
"Los problemas aumentan para J.J. al ser acusado de planear la fuga de ‘3H’" 17 February 2017 (2017-02-17) 8.8[15]
9
"Alexandra le entrega a la Fiscalía el mapa que conduce a la caleta de J.J." 20 February 2017 (2017-02-20) 9.0[16]
10
"‘El Potro’ se lleva a Alexandra por la fuerza para apartarla de la DEA" 21 February 2017 (2017-02-21) 8.8[17]
11
"Por escapar del ‘Potro’, Alexandra expone la vida de su bebé" 22 February 2017 (2017-02-22) 9.0[18]
12
"Alexandra visita a J.J. para contarle que la caleta fue destruida" 23 February 2017 (2017-02-23) 7.9[19]
13
"J.J. utiliza información que tiene sobre el Cartel del Valle para salvarse" 27 February 2017 (2017-02-27) 7.9[20]
14
"‘El Potro’ logra su cometido y pone en riesgo la vida de J.J. en la cárcel" 28 February 2017 (2017-02-28) 8.0[21]
15
"Alexandra y ‘Caspa’ inician la búsqueda de una caleta de Pablo Escobar" 1 March 2017 (2017-03-01) 7.3[22]
16
"J.J. hace un trato con Urrego para que le deje la vida en paz" 2 March 2017 (2017-03-02) 7.2[23]
17
"J.J. se salva de un atentado en la cárcel, pero queda gravemente herido" 3 March 2017 (2017-03-03) 7.6[24]
18
"Para blindarse en la cárcel, J.J. hace grandes denuncias en una entrevista" 6 March 2017 (2017-03-06) 6.9[25]
19
"J.J. encuentra la forma de ingresar droga a la cárcel y aliarse con Urrego" 7 March 2017 (2017-03-07) 8.1[26]
20
"J.J. enfurece al enterarse de que Alexandra le es infiel con otro hombre" 8 March 2017 (2017-03-08) 7.7[27]
21
"Galeno y J.J. aprovechan la fiesta de Urrego para emprender su plan de fuga" 9 March 2017 (2017-03-09) 7.4[28]
22
"La abogada de J.J. se convierte en su carta de salvación" 10 March 2017 (2017-03-10) 8.0[29]
23
"Toledo no llega a ningún acuerdo con J.J. y sus planes se frustran" 13 March 2017 (2017-03-13) 7.1[30]
24
"J.J. recibe una rebaja de pena al colaborar en un operativo de rescate" 14 March 2017 (2017-03-14) 8.4[31]
25
"¿Nuevo amor? J.J., se involucra con una joven que lo visita a la cárcel" 15 March 2017 (2017-03-15) 8.8[32]
26
"J.J. busca acabar la guerra en la cárcel para evitar su traslado" 16 March 2017 (2017-03-16) 8.7[33]
27
"J.J. es trasladado a Valledupar a pesar de los esfuerzos de su abogada" 17 March 2017 (2017-03-17) 7.0[34]
28
"¿Cumplirán?, Galeno y Mahecha firman un tratado de paz en la cárcel" 21 March 2017 (2017-03-21) 7.3[35]
29
"J.J. descubre los planes de Danilo y decide tomar cartas en el asunto" 22 March 2017 (2017-03-22) 7.5[36]
30
"J.J. monta su negocio en la cárcel y hace una alianza con Danilo" 23 March 2017 (2017-03-23) 8.1[37]
31
"Una muerte inesperada podría cambiar la suerte de J.J. en la cárcel" 24 March 2017 (2017-03-24) 8.1[38]
32
"Urrego regresa de la muerte para vengarse de Alias J.J." 27 March 2017 (2017-03-27) 7.6[39]
33
"Jennifer acaba con la vida de Durán para salvar el negocio de J.J." 29 March 2017 (2017-03-29) 7.8[40]
34
"Alias J.J. se convierte en uno de los caciques de la cárcel Capital" 30 March 2017 (2017-03-30) 7.5[41]
35
"Mahecha busca aliarse con J.J. para retomar su poder entre los paramilitares" 31 March 2017 (2017-03-31) 8.2[42]
36
"Ana pone en riesgo la vida de una periodista y es descubierta por Jennifer" 3 April 2017 (2017-04-03) 8.0[43]
37
"Ana descubre la red de drogas de J.J. en sus libros y queda acorralado" 4 April 2017 (2017-04-04) 7.3[44]
38
"J.J. hace una jugada que lo saca inocente del escándalo de drogas" 5 April 2017 (2017-04-05) 6.8[45]
39
"Una investigación pone en riesgo el puesto de Clemente en la cárcel" 6 April 2017 (2017-04-06) 7.6[46]
40
"Alias J.J. queda entre la espada y la pared tras las declaraciones de ‘Zurcido’" 7 April 2017 (2017-04-07) 8.0[47]
41
"Tras sufrir un atentado, ‘Caspa’ está dispuesto a revelar lo que sabe de Alias J.J." 10 April 2017 (2017-04-10) 7.0[48]
42
"‘Caspa’ protege a J.J. y decide culpar a su leal seguidor" 11 April 2017 (2017-04-11) 6.3[49]
43
"Ana María hace un peligroso trato con J.J. para ayudar a su colega" 12 April 2017 (2017-04-12) N/A
44
"Alias J.J. acaba con la vida de ‘Caspa’ para no ser extraditado" 17 April 2017 (2017-04-17) 7.3[50]
45
"Muerte del periodista Garcés pone de nuevo en el ojo del huracán a J.J." 18 April 2017 (2017-04-18) 6.8[51]
46
"J.J. hace un nuevo trato con Mahecha para que deje en paz a Ana María" 19 April 2017 (2017-04-19) 7.1[52]
47
"J.J manipula a Ana María para limpiar su nombre ante la prensa" 20 April 2017 (2017-04-20) 7.5[53]
48
"Ana María cree en las mentiras de J.J. y termina protegiéndolo" 21 April 2017 (2017-04-21) 6.7[54]
49
"Ana María renuncia a su investigación al enterarse de la verdad" 24 April 2017 (2017-04-24) 6.9[55]
50
"Ana María hace un terrible descubrimiento sobre Popeye como sicario" 25 April 2017 (2017-04-25) 6.8[56]
51
"Mahecha ve opacada su salida de la cárcel por el testimonio de Janeth" 26 April 2017 (2017-04-26) 7.2[57]
52
"Urrego le envía a su sobrino un terrible mensaje por su traición" 27 April 2017 (2017-04-27) 6.6[58]
53
"Mahecha toma como rehén a Clemente para escaparse de la cárcel" 28 April 2017 (2017-04-28) 6.6[59]
54
"Una tragedia mancha de sangre la Cárcel Capital y le complica las cosas a J.J." 2 May 2017 (2017-05-02) 7.8[60]
55
"Alias J.J. es declarado inocente del asesinato del padre de Ana María Solozábal" 3 May 2017 (2017-05-03) 7.5[61]
56
"Ana María se propone encontrar a Alexandra para hundir a Popeye" 4 May 2017 (2017-05-04) 7.2[62]
57
"Poco a poco, las autoridades dan con la red de narcotráfico de J.J." 5 May 2017 (2017-05-05) 7.8[63]
58
"Solo y desesperado, J.J. ve cada vez más cerca su extradición" 8 May 2017 (2017-05-08) 7.3[64]
59
"¿El fin? J.J., es sentenciado a pasar 20 años de cárcel en Estados Unidos" 9 May 2017 (2017-05-09) 7.5[65]
60
"J.J. hace un importante acuerdo con la DEA que lo salva de ser extraditado" 10 May 2017 (2017-05-10) 6.6[66]
61
"J.J. encuentra a Alexandra para pedirle explicaciones por su ‘traición’" 11 May 2017 (2017-05-11) 7.7[67]
62
"J.J. regresa al ‘ruedo’ y busca cómo reabrir su negocio de narcotráfico" 12 May 2017 (2017-05-12) N/A
63
"¿Aceptará?, Serrano recibe una importante propuesta para acabar con J.J." 15 May 2017 (2017-05-15) 8.0[68]
64
"Serrano acepta matar a J.J., pero el destino de todos da un giro inesperado" 16 May 2017 (2017-05-16) 7.7[69]
65
"J.J. ordena sacar del camino a Ana María tras una contundente declaración" 17 May 2017 (2017-05-17) 7.4[70]
66
"La suerte vuelve a jugar del lado de J.J. y logra evitar una recaptura" 18 May 2017 (2017-05-18) 9.2[71]
67
"J.J. se niega a entregar al ‘Señor de los aires’ y todo se pone en su contra" 19 May 2017 (2017-05-19) 7.8[72]
68
"Las autoridades capturan a Serrano y se acercan más al paradero de J.J." 22 May 2017 (2017-05-22) 9.0[73]
69
"J.J. es recapturado, pero con su condena no podrá pagar el daño que hizo" 23 May 2017 (2017-05-23) 9.8[74]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Sobreviviendo a Pablo Escobar "Alias JJ", lo nuevo de Caracol Televisión". tvbmas.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Caracol Televisión inicia la grabación de la ambiciosa serie 'Sobreviviendo a Pablo Escobar "Alias JJ"'". audiovisual451.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alias JJ, ¿otra serie de apología al narcotráfico?". kienyke.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Calendario de las mejores series de agosto 2017: los estrenos y regresos más esperados". abc.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Netflix compra derechos de exitosas series de Caracol Televisión". caracoltv.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-05-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Revelan elenco de la nueva serie "Sobreviviendo a Pablo Escobar, Alias JJ"". tvbmas.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 January 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.caracoltv.com/aliasjj/natasha-klauss-confiesa-que-existe-una-fuerte-conexion-con-su-personaje-en-alias-jj
Jump up ^ ""Alias J.J." de Caracol sorprendió: fue la producción más vista por los colombianos". publimetro.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating Colombia Jueves 9 de febrero de 2017: Colombia's Next Top Model lo más visto". traslatele.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Final de 'Colombia's next top model' quitó primer lugar del rating a 'Alias JJ'". pulzo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating Colombia lunes 13 de febrero: Yo me llamo líder". entretengo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Martes 14 de febrero de 2017 // Yo me llamo en carnaval". entretengo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Miercoles 15 de febrero de 2017 // Polvo de Rating". entretengo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Viernes 17 de febrero de 2017 // Alias Caracol". entretengo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating Colombia viernes 17 de febrero del 2017: Tiempos oscuros para RCN". traslatele.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Lunes 20 de febrero de 2017 // Corazón con audiencia". entretengo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Martes 21 de febrero de 2017 // Matemático sin audiencia". entretengo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Miercoles 22 de febrero de 2017 // Noticias Con Audiencia". entretengo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Jueves 23 de febrero de 2017 // Corazón de Colombia". entretengo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Lunes 27 de febrero de 2017 // La Ley con rating". entretengo.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ ""Yo me llamo" de Caracol Televisión es el programa #1 de la TV colombiana". publimetro.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "¡El Canal RCN por fin vence a Caracol en el rating!". publimetro.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Jueves 2 de Marzo de 2017 // La ley se gozó el carnaval - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-03. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Viernes 3 de Marzo de 2017 // La Ley Top 2 - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-06. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Lunes 6 de Marzo de 2017 // La Venganza de Moisés - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-07. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Martes 7 de Marzo de 2017 // Yo me llamo líder en rating - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-08. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Martes 8 de Marzo de 2017 // Noticias Caracol Top 2". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-09. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: jueves 9 de Marzo de 2017 // la Venganza de Yo me llamo - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-10. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Viernes 10 de Marzo de 2017 // No funcionó la venganza - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-13. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ Tele, Tras La (2017-03-14). "Rating Colombia lunes 13 de marzo: La Ley del Corazón es la ficción más vista". Tras la Tele. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Aunque el canal RCN está en el fondo del rating, 3 razones para ver sus producciones". Publimetro (in Spanish). Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Miércoles 15 de Marzo de 2017 // Alias 'Yo me llamo' - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-16. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Jueves 16 de Marzo de 2017 // J.J esta de carnaval - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-17. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ Colombia, Rating (2017-03-22). "Vie 17 Mar: 1 #YoMeLlamo 14.2 2 #LaLeyDelCorazón 8.5 3 #AliasJJ 7.0 4 #PolvoCarnavalero 6.9 5 #FranciscoElMatemático 5.7 6 #Venganza 5.4". @RatingColombia. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Martes 21de Marzo de 2017 // La Ley del corazon top 2 - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-22. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Miércoles 22 de Marzo de 2017 // Colombia prefiere a la imitación - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-23. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Jueves 23de Marzo de 2017 // Un partido con mucha audiencia - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-24. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Viernes 24 de Marzo de 2017 // La venganza no funciona en Colombia - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Lunes 27 de Marzo de 2017 // Colombia no asistió al carnaval - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Miercoles 29 de Marzo de 2017 // una noche con poca audiencia - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-30. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Jueves 30 de Marzo de 2017 // Una ley con mucha audiencia - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-03-31. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ Colombia, Rating (2017-04-03). "Vie 31 Mar: 1 #YoMeLlamo 14.1 2 #LaLeyDelCorazón 8.9 3 #PolvoCarnavalero 8.4 4 #AliasJJ 8.2 5 #FranciscoElMatemático 5.4 6 #Venganza 5.3". @RatingColombia. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Lunes 3 de abril de 2017 // Yo me llamo cobró venganza - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-04. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Martes 4 de abril de 2017 // Regresó el Carnaval - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-05. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Miércoles 5 de abril de 2017 // Moisés liberó la audiencia - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-06. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Jueves 6 de abril de 2017 // Colombia no liberó a 'Alias J.J' - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-07. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Viernes 7 de abril de 2017 // Un caracol con audiencia - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-10. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Lunes 10 de abril de 2017 // Un carnaval sin ley - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-11. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Martes 11 de abril de 2017 // Se acabó el Carnaval - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-12. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Lunes 17 de abril de 2017 // Día 'N' sin audiencia - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-18. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ Colombia, Rating (2017-04-19). "Mar 18 Abr: 1 #YoMeLlamo 14.1 2 #PolvoCarnavalero 7.7 3 #LaLeyDelCorazón 7.3 4 #AliasJJ 6.8 5 #Venganza 4.8 6 #FranciscoElMatemático 4.2". @RatingColombia. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ Colombia, Rating (2017-04-20). "Mié 19 Abr: 1 #YoMeLlamo 13.5 2 #PolvoCarnavalero 8.1 3 #LaLeyDelCorazón 7.5 4 #AliasJJ 7.1 5 #Venganza 5.0 6 #FranciscoElMatemático 4.3". @RatingColombia. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Jueves 20 de abril de 2017 // Caracol en la cima - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-21. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Viernes 21 de abril de 2017 // Yo me llamo sigue en la cima". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-24. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Lunes 24 de abril de 2017 // Moisés liberó la audiencia". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-25. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Martes 25 de abril de 2017 // La Ley de la audiencia". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-26. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ Colombia, Rating (2017-04-27). "Mié 26 Abr: 1 #YoMeLlamo 14.8 2 #LaLeyDelCorazón 8.3 3 #PolvoCarnavalero 8.2 4 #AliasJJ 7.2 5 #Venganza 5.2 6 #FranciscoElMatemático 4.3". @RatingColombia. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Jueves 27 de abril de 2017 // Colombia no asistió a la clase de Francisco". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-04-28. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ Colombia, Rating (2017-05-03). "Vie 28 Abr: 1 #YoMeLlamo 13.4 2 #PolvoCarnavalero 7.6 3 #LaLeyDelCorazón 7.5 4 #AliasJJ 6.6 5 #Venganza 5.4 6 #FranciscoElMatemático 4.0". @RatingColombia. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Martes 2 de mayo de 2017 // Carnaval líder en sus últimos dias - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-03. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Miércoles 3 de mayo de 2017 // Colombia sin Ley - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-04. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: jueves 4 de mayo de 2017 // J.J cobra Venganza - Entretengo". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-05. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Viernes 5 de mayo de 2017 // Imitación con audiencia". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-08. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Lunes 8 de mayo de 2017 // Los 9 del Carnaval". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-09. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Martes 9 de mayo de 2017 // Yo me llamo sigue en la cima". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-10. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Miércoles 10 de mayo de 2017 // triunfó la ley". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-11. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Jueves 11 de mayo de 2017 // Líder en sus últimos días". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-12. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Lunes 15 de mayo de 2017 // Yo me llamo imparable". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-16. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ Colombia, Rating (2017-05-17). "Mar 16 Mayo: 1 #YoMeLlamo 15.0 2 #LaLeyDelCorazón 9.7 3 #PolvoCarnavalero 9.3 4 #AliasJJ 7.7 5 #FranciscoElMatemático 6.7 6 #Venganza 5.3". @RatingColombia. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Miercoles 17 de mayo de 2017 // La Ley no pudo con el Carnava". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-18. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "Rating: Jueves 18 de mayo de 2017 // Francisco sin venganza". Entretengo (in Spanish). 2017-05-19. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ Colombia, Rating (2017-05-22). "Vie 19 Mayo: 1 #YoMeLlamo 14.2 2 #PolvoCarnavalero (FINAL) 10.0 3 #LaLeyDelCorazón 9.2 4 #AliasJJ 7.8 5 #FranciscoEM 6.5 6 #Venganza 6.3". @RatingColombia. Retrieved 2017-07-30.
Jump up ^ "Así le fue en rating a la final de 'Yo me llamo' y al estreno de 'Los Morales'". publimetro.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "El Desafío Súper Humanos, lo más visto con su capítulo estreno". publimetro.co (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 July 2017.
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text:
Times Square Ball
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Times Square New Year's Eve ball drop
The ball resting atop One Times Square in 2011
Genre
New Year's Eve event
Date(s)
December 31st
Begins
6:00 PM EST
Ends
12:15 AM EST
Frequency
Annually
Location(s)
Times Square, New York City
Inaugurated
1907
Founder
Adolph Ochs
Organized by
Times Square Alliance
Countdown Entertainment
Website
timessquareball.net
The Times Square Ball is a time ball located in New York City's Times Square. Located on the roof of One Times Square, the ball is a prominent part of a New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square commonly referred to as the ball drop, where the ball descends 141 feet (43 m) in 60 seconds down a specially designed flagpole, beginning at 11:59:00 p.m. ET, and resting at midnight to signal the start of the new year. In recent years, the festivities have been preceded by live entertainment, including performances by musicians.
The event was first organized by Adolph Ochs, owner of The New York Times newspaper, as a successor to a series of New Year's Eve fireworks displays he held at the building to promote its status as the new headquarters of the Times, while the ball itself was designed by Artkraft Strauss. First held on December 31, 1907, to welcome 1908, the ball drop has been held annually since, except in 1942 and 1943 in observance of wartime blackouts.
The ball's design has been updated over the years to reflect improvements in lighting technology; the ball was initially constructed from wood and iron, and lit with 100 incandescent light bulbs. The current incarnation, designed by Harlem-based architectural lighting firm Focus Lighting,[1] features a computerized LED lighting system and an outer surface consisting of triangular crystal panels. These panels are produced by Waterford Crystal, and contain inscriptions representing a yearly theme. Since 2009, the current ball has been displayed atop One Times Square year-round, while the original, smaller version of the current ball that was used in 2008 has been on display inside the Times Square visitor's center.
The event is organized by the Times Square Alliance and Countdown Entertainment, a company led by Jeff Strauss,[2] and is among the most notable New Year's celebrations internationally: it is attended by at least 1 million spectators yearly, and is nationally televised as part of New Year's Eve specials broadcast by a number of networks and cable channels.[3] The prevalence of the Times Square ball drop has inspired similar "drops" at other local New Year's Eve events across the country; while some use balls, some instead drop objects that represent local culture or history.
Contents
[hide]
1 Events
1.1 Event organization
1.2 Festivities
1.3 Cleanup
2 History
2.1 Beginnings (1907–1908)
2.2 The second and third balls (1920–98)
2.3 Into the new millennium (1999–2007)
2.4 Present day (2008–present)
2.5 Weather at midnight
3 Broadcasting
3.1 Past broadcasts
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
Events[edit]
Event organization[edit]
Spectators celebrate the arrival of 2013.
Oswaldo San Andres and Lillianne Perez join Michael Bloomberg in activating the drop for 2007.
To facilitate the arrival of attendees, Times Square is closed to traffic beginning in the late afternoon on New Year's Eve. The square is then divided into different viewing sections referred to as "pens", into which attendees are directed sequentially upon arrival.[4][5] Security is strictly enforced by the New York City Police Department (NYPD), even more so since the 2001–02 edition in the wake of the September 11 attacks. Attendees are required to pass through security checkpoints before they are assigned a pen, and are prohibited from bringing backpacks or alcohol to the event.[5]
Security was increased further for 2017–18 edition due to recent incidents such as the truck attack in New York on October 31, and the Route 91 Harvest festival shootings in Las Vegas; these included additional patrols of Times Square hotels, rooftop patrol squads and counter-snipers, and the installation of reflective markers on buildings to help officers identify the location of elevated shooters.[6]
Festivities[edit]
Festivities formally begin in the early evening with the raising of the ball at around 6:00 p.m. ET.[4] Party favors are distributed to attendees, which have historically included large balloons, hats, and other items branded with the event's corporate sponsors.[7][8] The hours before the drop are preceded by hourly countdowns for the arrival of the new year in other countries, along with live music performances by popular musicians. Some of these performances are organized by, and aired on New Year's Eve television specials which are broadcast from Times Square.[8][9]
The drop itself occurs at 11:59 p.m.—the last minute of the year,[4] and is ceremonially "activated" by a dignitary or celebrity joined on-stage by the current Mayor of New York City.[10][11] The conclusion of the drop is followed by fireworks shot from the roof of One Times Square, along with the playing of "Auld Lang Syne" by Guy Lombardo, "Theme from New York, New York" by Frank Sinatra, "America the Beautiful" by Ray Charles, "What a Wonderful World" by Louis Armstrong, and "Over the Rainbow" by IZ.[12]
Since the 1996 New Year's Eve celebration, the current Mayor of New York City has been joined by a special guest, selected yearly to recognize their community involvement or significance, in ceremonially "activating" the ball drop by pressing a button, resembling a smaller version of the ball itself, at exactly one minute to midnight.[10] The button itself does not actually trigger the drop; that is done from a control room, synchronized using a government time signal.[11] Special guests who have activated the ball drop have included:
1996–1997: Oseola McCarty[10]
1997–1998: A group of five winners from a school essay contest honoring New York City's centennial[13]
1998–1999: Chinese gymnast Sang Lan (who was injured during the 1998 Goodwill Games and was being rehabilitated in New York City)[14]
1999–2000: Dr. Mary Ann Hopkins from Doctors Without Borders[15]
2000–2001: Muhammad Ali[16]
2001–2002: Rudy Giuliani and Judith Nathan; this was Giuliani's final act as mayor. Michael Bloomberg officially became the new Mayor of New York City upon the beginning of 2002, and took his oath of office shortly after midnight.[17]
2002–2003: Christopher and Dana Reeve[18]
2003–2004: Cyndi Lauper, along with Shoshana Johnson—the first female American prisoner of war belonging to an ethnic minority[19]
2004–2005: Secretary of State Colin Powell[20]
2005–2006: Jazz musician Wynton Marsalis[21]
2006–2007: A group of eight United States Armed Forces members[22]
2007–2008: Karolina Wierzchowska, an Iraq War veteran and New York City Police Academy valedictorian[23]
2008–2009: Bill and Hillary Clinton[24]
2009–2010: Twelve students from New York City high schools on the U.S. News & World Report "America's Best High Schools Top 100 'Gold Medal' List"[25]
2010–2011: Former Staff sergeant Salvatore Giunta[26]
2011–2012: Musician Lady Gaga[27]
2012–2013: The Rockettes[28]
2013–2014: U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor.[note 1][30][31]
2014–2015: Cuban-American musician Jencarlos Canela, joined by a group of refugees who emigrated to New York City, in partnership with the International Rescue Committee[32][33]
2015–2016: Hugh Evans[34]
2016–2017: United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon; this was Ban Ki-moon's final act as UN Secretary-General, as António Guterres took office on January 1, 2017.[35][36]
2017–2018: Tarana Burke[37]
Since the 2005–06 edition of the event, the drop has been directly preceded by the playing of John Lennon's song "Imagine". Until 2009–2010, the original recording was used; since 2010–2011, the song has been performed by the headlining act;[38][39]
2010–2011: Taio Cruz[40]
2011–2012: Cee-Lo Green[note 2][39]
2012–2013: Train[41]
2013–2014: Melissa Etheridge[9]
2014–2015: O.A.R.[42]
2015–2016: Jessie J[43]
2016–2017: Rachel Platten[44]
2017–2018: Andy Grammer[45]
From 2001-02 until 2004-05, the song played immediately before the drop was Lee Greenwood’s God Bless the U.S.A.. It was sung originally in remembrance of 9/11, but the practice was retained for another three years.
Cleanup[edit]
After the conclusion of the festivities and the dispersal of attendees, cleanup is performed overnight to remove confetti and other debris from Times Square before it is re-opened to the public the following morning. Few traces of the previous night's celebration remain after the cleanup process is completed: following the 2013–14 drop, the New York City Department of Sanitation estimated that by 8:00 a.m., it had cleared over 50 tons of refuse from Times Square, using 190 workers from their own crews and the Times Square Alliance.[46]
History[edit]
Beginnings (1907–1908)[edit]
The first New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square was held on December 31, 1904; The New York Times' owner, Adolph Ochs, decided to celebrate the opening of the newspaper's new headquarters, One Times Square, with a New Year's fireworks show on the roof of the building to welcome 1905. Close to 200,000 people attended the event, displacing traditional celebrations that had normally been held at Trinity Church.[47] However, following several years of fireworks shows, Ochs wanted a bigger spectacle at the building to draw more attention to the area. The newspaper's chief electrician, Walter F. Palmer, suggested using a time ball, after seeing one used on the nearby Western Union Building.[47]
Ochs hired sign designer Artkraft Strauss to construct a ball for the celebration; it was built from iron and wood, electrically lit with one hundred incandescent light bulbs, weighed 700 pounds (320 kg), and measured 5 feet (1.5 m) in diameter. The ball was hoisted on the building's flagpole with rope by a team of six men. Once it hit the roof of the building, the ball was designed to complete an electric circuit to light a 5-foot tall sign indicating the new year, and trigger a fireworks show.[48] The first ever "ball drop" was held on December 31, 1907, welcoming the year 1908.[47]
In 1913, only eight years after it moved to One Times Square, the Times moved its corporate headquarters to 229 West 43rd Street. The Times still maintained ownership of the tower, however, and Strauss continued to organize future editions of the drop.[49]
The second and third balls (1920–98)[edit]
The original ball was retired in 1920 in favor of a new design; the second ball remained 5 feet (1.5 m) in diameter, but was now constructed from iron, weighing 400 pounds (180 kg).[50] The ball drop was placed on hiatus for New Year's Eve 1942 and 1943 due to wartime lighting restrictions during World War II.[50] Instead, a moment of silence was observed at midnight in Times Square, accompanied by the sound of church bells[50] and chimes played from sound trucks.
The second ball was retired in favor of a third design in 1955; again, it maintained the same diameter of its predecessors, but was now constructed from aluminium, and weighed 150 pounds (68 kg).[50] In 1981, the third ball was revamped in honor of the I Love New York campaign, with red lightbulbs and a green stem to give it the appearance of an apple.[47] For 1988, organizers acknowledged the addition of a leap second earlier that day (leap seconds are appended at midnight UTC, which is five hours before midnight in New York) by extending the drop to 61 seconds, and by including a special one-second light show during the extra second.[51] The original white lightbulbs returned to the ball for 1989, but were replaced by red, white, and blue bulbs in 1991 to salute the troops of Operation Desert Shield.[47]
The third ball was revamped again in 1995 for 1996, adding a computerized lighting system with 180 halogen bulbs and 144 strobe lights, and over 12,000 rhinestones.[50][52] Lighting designer Barry Arnold stated that the changes were "something [that] had to be done to make this event more spectacular as we approach the millennium."[52]
The drop itself became computerized through the use of an electric winch synced with the National Institute of Standards and Technology's time signal; the new system was not without issues, however, as a glitch caused the ball to pause for a short moment halfway through its descent.[53] After its 44th use in 1999, the third ball was retired and placed on display at the Atlanta headquarters of Jamestown Group, owners of One Times Square.[47]
Most recent incarnations
The fourth ball (on display at Waterford Crystal's headquarters in Ireland)
The 2008 ball (on display at Times Square Visitors Center)
The current ball, as seen in 2012
Into the new millennium (1999–2007)[edit]
On December 28, 1998, during a press conference attended by New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani, organizers announced that the third ball would be retired for the arrival of the new millennium, and replaced by a new design constructed by Waterford Crystal. The year 2000 celebrations introduced more prominent sponsorship to the drop; companies such as Discover Card, Korbel Champagne, and Panasonic were announced as official sponsors of the festivities in Times Square. The city also announced that Ron Silver would lead a committee known as "NYC 2000", which was in charge of organizing events across the city for year 2000 celebrations.[54]
A full day of festivities was held at Times Square to celebrate the arrival of the year 2000, which included concerts and hourly cultural presentations with parades of puppets designed by Michael Curry, representing countries entering the new year at that hour. Organizers expected a total attendance exceeding 2 million spectators.[55]
The fourth ball, measuring 6 feet (1.8 m) in diameter and weighing 1,070 pounds (490 kg), incorporated a total of over 600 halogen bulbs, 504 triangle-shaped crystal panels provided by Waterford, 96 strobe lights, and spinning, pyramid-shaped mirrors. The ball was constructed at Waterford's factory in Ireland, and was then shipped to New York City, where the lighting system and motorized mirrors were installed.[48]
Many of the triangles were inscribed with "Hope"-themed designs changing yearly, such as "Hope for Fellowship", "Hope for Wisdom", "Hope for Unity", "Hope for Courage", and "Hope for Abundance".[4][56] For 2002, as part of the theme "Hope for Healing", 195 of the ball's panels were engraved with the names of nations and organizations who were affected by or were involved in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks.[4][56] In December 2011, the "Hope for Healing" panels were accepted into the collection of the National September 11 Museum.[57]
Present day (2008–present)[edit]
In honor of the ball drop's centennial anniversary, a brand new fifth design debuted for New Year's Eve 2008. Once again manufactured by Waterford Crystal with a diameter of 6 feet (1.8 m), but weighing 1,212 pounds (550 kg), it used LED lamps provided by Philips (which can produce 16,777,216 or 224 colors), with computerized lighting patterns developed by the New York City-based lighting firm Focus Lighting. The ball featured 9,576 energy-efficient bulbs that consumed the same amount of electricity as only 10 toasters.[3] The 2008 ball was only used once, and was placed on display at the Times Square Visitors Center following the event.[47][53][58]
For 2009, a larger version of the fifth ball was introduced—an icosahedral geodesic sphere lit by 32,256 LED lamps. Its diameter is twice as wide as the 2008 ball, at 12 feet (3.7 m), and contains 2,688 Waterford Crystal panels, with a weight of 11,875 pounds (5,386 kg). It was designed to be weatherproof, as the ball would now be displayed atop One Times Square nearly year-round following the celebrations.[47][53][58]
Yearly themes for the ball's crystal panels continued; from 2008 to 2013, the ball contained crystal patterns that were part of a Waterford series known as "World of Celebration", including themes such as "Let There Be Light" and "Let There Be Peace". For 2014, all the ball's panels were replaced, marking a new theme series known as "Greatest Gifts", beginning with "Gift of Imagination".[33][43][58][59]
The numerical sign indicating the year (which remains atop the tower along with the ball itself) uses Philips LED lamps. For 2014, the final two digits of the sign used bulbs from the company's "Hue" line of multi-color LED lamps, allowing them to have computerized lighting cues.[60]
Weather at midnight[edit]
According to the National Weather Service, from 1907 to 2016, the average temperature at midnight in Central Park was 34 °F (1 °C).[61] The coldest event was in 1917 when the temperature was 1 °F (−17 °C) and the wind chill was −18 °F (−28 °C). The warmest temperature was 58 °F (14 °C), in 1965 and 1972. It has snowed during the ball drop just seven times out of 111 events (one being light snow)—1926, 1934, 1948, 1952, 1961, 1967, and 2009—and it has rained multiple times.[31] Festivities in 2018 were the second-coldest on record due to an arctic air mass, forecast at 11 °F (−12 °C) before wind chill.[62]
Broadcasting[edit]
ABC News' presence at Times Square for ABC 2000 Today
As a public event, the festivities and ball drop are often broadcast on television. As of 2016-17, a host feed of 21 cameras across Times Square is provided to broadcasters to incorporate into their coverage.[63]
The event is covered as part of New Year's Eve television specials on several major U.S. television networks. By far the most notable of these is Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve; created, produced, and originally hosted by the entertainer Dick Clark until his death in 2012, and currently hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Jenny McCarthy, the program first aired on NBC in 1972 before moving to ABC, where it has been broadcast ever since.[64][65] New Year's Rockin' Eve has consistently been the most-watched New Year's Eve special in the U.S. annually, peaking at 25.6 million viewers for its 2018 edition.[66][64][67] Following the death of Dick Clark in April 2012, a crystal engraved with his name was added to the 2013 ball in tribute.[65]
Across the remaining networks, NBC broadcasts New Year's Eve with Carson Daly, hosted from Times Square by Carson Daly of The Voice and Last Call while Fox has aired New Year's specials covering Times Square with rotating hosts and themes, which were broadcast primarily under the title New Year's Eve Live until 2014. From 2015 to 2017, Fox broadcast Pitbull's New Year's Revolution from Miami instead, but returned to New York-oriented coverage hosted by Steve Harvey for 2018. Spanish-language network Univision broadcasts ¡Feliz!, hosted by Raúl de Molina of El Gordo y La Flaca, while Telemundo has the Bienvedido series with Daniel Sarcos from Un Nuevo Dia for 2017 and Jorge Bernal from ¡Suelta La Sopa! for 2018.[68][69][70][71]
On cable, CNN carries coverage of the festivities, known as New Year's Eve Live, which was historically hosted by Anderson Cooper and Kathy Griffin from Times Square. Griffin was removed from her role in 2017 after she published a controversial political photo; she was replaced by Andy Cohen for 2018.[72] Fox News carries All-American New Year, which was most recently hosted by Elisabeth Hasselbeck and Bill Hemmer from Times Square.[73]
Since 2009, an official webcast of the ball drop and its associated festivities has been produced, streamed via Livestream.com.[63][74][75]
Past broadcasts[edit]
Beginning in the 1940s, NBC broadcast coverage from Times Square anchored by Ben Grauer on both radio and television. Its coverage was later incorporated into special episodes of The Tonight Show, continuing through Johnny Carson and Jay Leno's tenures on the program. NBC would introduce a dedicated special, New Year's Eve with Carson Daly, beginning in 2003.[76]
From 1956 to 1976, CBS was well known for its television coverage of the festivities hosted by bandleader Guy Lombardo from the ballroom of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City, featuring his band's famous rendition of "Auld Lang Syne" at midnight. After Lombardo's death in 1977, CBS and the Royal Canadians, now led by Victor Lombardo, attempted to continue the special. However, Guy's absence and the growing popularity of ABC's New Year’s Rockin’ Eve prompted CBS to eventually drop the band entirely. The Royal Canadians were replaced by a new special, Happy New Year, America, which ran in various formats with different hosts (such as Paul Anka, Donny Osmond, Andy Williams, Paul Shaffer, and Montel Williams) until it was discontinued after 1996. CBS, barring a special America's Millennium broadcast for 2000,[77] has no longer broadcast any national New Year's programming since.[78][79][80][81]
For 2000, in lieu of New Year's Rockin' Eve, ABC News covered the festivities as part of its day-long telecast, ABC 2000 Today. Hosted by Peter Jennings, the broadcast featured coverage of millennium festivities from around the world, including those in New York City. Jennings was joined by Dick Clark as a special correspondent for coverage from Times Square.[82]
MTV had broadcast coverage originating from the network's Times Square studios at One Astor Plaza. For 2011, MTV also held its own ball drop in Seaside Heights, New Jersey, the setting of its popular reality series Jersey Shore, featuring cast member Snooki lowered inside a giant "hamster ball". Originally, MTV planned to hold the drop within its studio in Times Square, but the network was asked by city officials to conduct the drop elsewhere.[83]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Michael Bloomberg, whose mayoral term ended at midnight, did not attend, and celebrated privately with his family instead. Unlike Bloomberg's inauguration in 2002, which was held shortly after midnight, Bill de Blasio was inaugurated in a ceremony the following morning at Gracie Mansion.[29]
Jump up ^ Cee-Lo's performance was criticized by fans for his change of a lyric relating to religion.[39]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Miller, Winter (2007-10-04). "A New Ball for New Year's, Brighter Yet More Efficient". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-01-04.
Jump up ^ "Nearly 800 Hard At Work On Times Square New Year's Eve Celebration". CBS New York. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "NYC ball drop goes 'green' on 100th anniversary". CNN. December 31, 2007. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Countdown to Times Square party; 1 million expected". CNN. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "New Year's Eve security main focus for NYPD". CNN. December 30, 2011. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mueller, Benjamin (2017-12-28). "In Wake of Attacks, Tighter Security for Times Square on New Year's Eve". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-01-01.
Jump up ^ "For New Year's Eve, the Tie-Ins Erupt". The New York Times. December 13, 2010. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "A Very Confetti New Year's". Time. January 2, 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Mansfield, Brian (December 26, 2013). "Etheridge added to Times Square New Year's Eve lineup". USA Today. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "MAYOR GIULIANI ANNOUNCES NEW TRADITION FOR NEW YEAR'S EVE: COMMUNITY HERO TO LEAD TIMES SQUARE CELEBRATION". City of New York. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Balkin, Adam (December 30, 2003). "Technology Helps Times Square New Year's Eve Ball Drop Run Smoothly". NY1. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Across America, traditions of ham hocks, Watch Nights and the Times Square ball". NBCNews.com. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "CITY KEEPS THE BALL ROLLING IT'S ANOTHER ROUND IN TIMES SQ. FOR SEASONED PARTYERS". New York Daily News. Missing or empty |url= (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "On the ball: Sang Lan was in the spotlight on New Year's..." Chicago Tribune. January 5, 1999. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "DOCTORS WITHOUT BORDERS TO JOIN TIMES SQUARE BALL DROP DURING NEW YEARS EVE FESTIVITIES". City of New York. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ali To Drop Ball On New Year's". New York Daily News. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Inaugural Address Of Mayor Michael Bloomberg". Gotham Gazette. January 1, 2002. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Huge Times Square Crowd Watches Ball Drop". Fox News. Associated Press. January 1, 2003. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Bloomberg Announces Special Guest For New Year's 2004 Celebration In New York". Life. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Regis, Colin Powell ring in New Year's with'energy, enthusiasm'". USA Today. January 1, 2005. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Neither rain nor snow slows Times Sq. party". New York Daily News. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Military Service Members Honored at Time Square Celebration". Navy.mil. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Times Square New Year's gala turns 100". New York Daily News. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Revelers ring in 2009 in Times Square". Associated Press. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "America's Best High Schools Heads to Times Square". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Sgt. Salvatore Giunta in NYC for New Year's Eve". Associated Press. Retrieved November 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Lady Gaga to perform on New Year's Eve in Times Square". New York Daily News. Retrieved November 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ Seifman, David (December 28, 2012). "Rockettes to join Mayor Bloomberg on New Year's Eve". New York Post. Retrieved December 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Nearly 800 Hard At Work On Times Square New Year's Eve Celebration". CBS New York. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Costa, Robert (December 30, 2013). "Sotomayor to officiate at Times Square New Year's Eve". Washington Post. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Brrr-Braving the Ball Drop". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "New Year's In Times Square: Jencarlos Canela Will Be The First Latino To Push Ball Drop Countdown Button". Latin Times. Retrieved December 29, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Crystal Ball Nearly Ready For New Year's Eve In Times Square". CBSNewYork.com. CBS Radio. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Activist to Help Drop Crystal Ball In Times Square". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "António Guterres appointed next UN Secretary-General by acclamation". United Nations. United Nations News Service. 13 October 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "U.N. secretary-general to kick off Times Square New Year's Eve countdown". NBC News. Retrieved 2016-12-31.
Jump up ^ "Founder of "Me Too" Movement, Tarana Burke, to be Special Guest of Times Square New Year's Eve" (PDF). timessquarenyc.org. Times Square Alliance. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Cooper, Gael Fashingbauer (January 1, 2012). "Fans angry that Cee Lo changed 'Imagine' lyrics". msnbc.com. Archived from the original on April 29, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Golgowski, Nina (January 1, 2012). "Cee Lo Green changes lyrics to Lennon's Imagine to include pro-religion message enraging fans". The Daily Mail. London. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cruz To Perform 'Imagine' During New Year's Celebration". CBSNewYork.com. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Live Times Square New Year's Eve Webcast: Watch Train, Cassadee Pope". Billboard.com. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "New Year's Eve Organizers Release Star-Studded Roster Of Musical Talent Set To Perform Live In Times Square". TimesSquareNYC.org. Times Square Alliance. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Workers To Install 288 New Waterford Crystals On New Year's Eve Ball". CBS New York. CBS Radio. Retrieved 27 December 2015.
Jump up ^ "Times Square Alliance : Gavin DeGraw and Rachel Platten to Headline Musical Lineup for Times Square New Year's Eve Live, Commercial-Free Webcast and TV Pool Feed". TimesSquareNYC.org. Times Square Alliance. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Multi-Platinum Pop Singer and Songwriter Andy Grammer to Headline Musical Lineup for Times Square New Year's Eve Live, Commercial-Free Webcast and TV Pool Feed" (PDF). timessquarenyc.org. Times Square Alliance. 18 December 2017. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Crews Clean Up Times Square After New Year's Celebration". CBSNewYork.com. CBS Radio. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Feuer, Alan (December 27, 2009). "Deconstructed – Times Square Ball – Lots of Sparkle for a Swift Fall". The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Kushner, David (December 30, 1999). "This New Year's Eve, Technology Will Drop the Ball". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "History of Times Square". London: The Telegraph. July 27, 2011. Retrieved January 13, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Crump, William D. (2014). Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide. McFarland. p. 242. ISBN 9781476607481.
Jump up ^ McFadden, Robert D. (December 31, 1987). "'88 Countdown: 3, 2, 1, Leap Second, 0". The New York Times. Retrieved January 2, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Sutton, Larry. "Bigger Ball to Peg Square". New York Daily News. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Barron, James (December 31, 2009). "When Party Is Over, the Ball Lands Here". The New York Times. Retrieved January 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Goodnough, Abby (December 29, 1998). "Here Comes 2000, With Sponsors, Too; Official Products in the Right Place: Millennial Partying in Times Sq". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kelley, Tina (December 30, 1999). "There's Another Countdown Before the Famed '10, 9, 8 . . .'". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "New Year Theme Right On The Ball". New York Daily News. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "NATIONAL SEPTEMBER 11 MEMORIAL MUSEUM TO ACCEPT SPECIAL COLLECTION OF WATERFORD CRYSTAL TRIANGLES FROM 2001/2002 TIMES SQUARE BALL" (PDF). nat. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "New Year's Eve Preparations Under Way In Times Square". CBSNewYork.com. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Waterford and Times Square New Year's Eve Reveal "Gift of Imagination" Crystal Design as Part of New 10-Year "Greatest Gifts" Series". Waterford Crystal press release. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Philips hue to Mark Colorful Start to 2014 at Times Square New Year's Eve Celebration" (Press release). Philips. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "New Year's Eve/Ball Drop Weather at Central Park" (PDF). National Weather Service Forecast Office New York, New York. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Press, Associated (2017-12-31). "Times Square braces for one of coldest New Year's Eve parties on record". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2018-01-01.
^ Jump up to: a b "Meet the Team Behind Times Square New Year's Eve". TV Technology. NewBay Media. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Stelter, Brian (December 31, 2011). "4 Decades Later, He Still Counts". New York Times. p. C1. Retrieved January 1, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Barmash, Jerry. "Marking New Year's Eve at Times Square Without Dick Clark". FishbowlNY. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mitovich, Matt Webb (January 1, 2018). "Ratings: Ryan Seacrest's Rockin' Eve Hits All-Time Highs, Fox's Steve Harvey a Big Improvement Over Pitbull". TVLine. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
Jump up ^ Levin, Gary (January 4, 2012). "Nielsens: Clark's 'Rockin' Eve,' football start year well". USA Today. Retrieved November 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Countdown to 2012: What to watch on New Year's Eve". The Daily Caller. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ring in the new year with Ryan, Carson or Anderson". Bradenton Herald. Retrieved November 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Pitbull to Host New Year's Eve Live Show for Fox". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Fox Swaps Pitbull for Steve Harvey on New Year's Eve". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
Jump up ^ Steinberg, Brian (2017-10-11). "CNN Will Replace Kathy Griffin With Andy Cohen for New Year's Eve". Variety. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
Jump up ^ "TV highlights: Networks compete for most entertaining New Year's show". Washington Post. December 30, 2013. Retrieved December 31, 2013.
Jump up ^ Taub, Erica A. (December 24, 2009). "New Year's Eve in Times Square Is Now a Webcast". The New York Times. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Shriver, Jerry (December 27, 2007). "Extra-bright ball to drop at Times Square". USA Today. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Oldenberg, Ann (December 29, 2005). "Battle of Times Square". USA Today. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ "More Americans Preferred Celebrating New Year's Without Television". CNSNews.com. Retrieved 2 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Lynch, Stephen (December 31, 1999). "New Year's song remains ingrained in public mind". The Orange County Register. Archived from the original on April 26, 2005.
Jump up ^ Collins, Scott (December 25, 2006). "Past, Present, and...Future?". Los Angeles Times. p. E1.
Jump up ^ Moore, Frazier (December 26, 2001). "Next week to be 25th New Year's Eve without Guy Lombardo". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Associated Press. Retrieved January 1, 2007.
Jump up ^ Terry, Carol Burton. "New Guy Lombardo? Dick Clark sees New Year's tradition". The Milwaukee Sentinel. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
Jump up ^ Bobbin, Jay (December 28, 2000). "Dick Clark offers longer New Year's Eve special". Ellensburg Daily Record. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Snooki 'dropped' from Times Square New Year's Eve celebration". Staten Island Advance. December 30, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2012.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to New Year celebrations in Times Square.
Official website
New Year's Eve on the Times Square Alliance website
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Coordinates: 40°45′23″N 73°59′11″W / 40.7564°N 73.9865°W / 40.7564; -73.9865
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Adult Swim (Canada)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Adult Swim
Network
Cartoon Network
Launched
July 4, 2012,
September 1, 2015 (Relaunched)
Country of origin
Canada
Format
Adult-oriented animated/live-action block
Running time
9:00 p.m. - 12:00 a.m. EST/PST (Daily)
Official website
Adult Swim
Adult Swim is an adult-oriented Canadian English-language programming block that airs on Cartoon Network. It is based on the U.S programming block of the same name and features animated and live-action shows targeting a 12-34 audience.
As of September 2016, the block airs for three hours from 9:00 p.m. - 12:00 a.m. EST/PST.
Contents
[hide]
1 Programming
2 Adult Swim On Demand
3 SVOD mobile app
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Programming[edit]
Adult Swim primarily airs original shows from the U.S. block, as well as shows acquired from other sources. Several shows from its American counterpart are noticeably absent; G4's now-defunct ADd block and Much, following its shift towards comedy programming, are known to have broadcast a selection of them.[1][2][3][4] Until September 1, 2015, Teletoon's late night block, Teletoon at Night, also aired several of Adult Swim's original series; Adult Swim programming would return to Teletoon at Night in Fall 2017. There's currently no word yet on whether or not the block goes back to its original 9pm-5am slot.
Adult Swim On Demand[edit]
Adult Swim On Demand is a video-on-demand service featuring series from Adult Swim. The service also features episodes of the block's acquired series.
SVOD mobile app[edit]
In March 2016, a subscription video-on-demand (SVOD) app was launched for Android and iOS phones, allowing viewers to watch original programming from Adult Swim in the U.S, including several series that aren't currently airing on Adult Swim Canada, with new episodes being added to the app as soon as they premiere in the U.S. The app is owned by Adult Swim Games.[5]
Due to program rights and licensing, several series, such as Mike Tyson Mysteries, Childrens Hospital, and shows airing on Toonami, aren't available for streaming. Originally, Rick and Morty and Robot Chicken premieres were only added after they air in Canada.[6] Beginning with its third season, new episodes of Rick and Morty are streamed to the app on Mondays.
See also[edit]
Adult Swim (United States)
Adult Swim (Australia)
Adult Swim (UK & Ireland)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "G4 Launches ADd - Adult Digital Distraction". Newswire. June 8, 2009. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Fall is Fresh on Much with Exclusive Season Premieres of Hit Series TOSH.0 and SOUTH PARK, beginning September 3". Bell Media Press Room. 2013-08-26. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
Jump up ^ "Childrens Hospital on MUCH". Archived from the original on 2014-04-01. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
Jump up ^ "Newsreaders on MUCH". Archived from the original on 2014-05-10. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
Jump up ^ "Adult Swim Announces New SVOD Service In Canada". March 2, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "You can now legally stream Rick and Morty and other Adult Swim Shows in Canada". March 2, 2016. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
Wilford, Denette (February 2, 2012). "Cartoon Network, Adult Swim Coming To Canada". Huffington Post. Retrieved June 22, 2012.
External links[edit]
Official Website
[show]
v
t
e
Adult Swim original programming
Former
2000s debuts
12 oz. Mouse (2005–06)
Aqua Teen Hunger Force (alternative titles) (2000–15)
Assy McGee (2006–08)
The Boondocks (2005–14)
The Brak Show (2001–03)
Delocated (2009–13)
The Drinky Crow Show (2008–09)
Fat Guy Stuck in Internet (2008)
Frisky Dingo (2006–08)
Harvey Birdman, Attorney at Law (2001–07)
Home Movies (2001–04)
Lucy, the Daughter of the Devil (2007)
Metalocalypse (2006–13)
Minoriteam (2005–06)
Moral Orel (2005–08; 2012)
Perfect Hair Forever (2004–07; 2014)
The Rising Son (2009)
Saul of the Mole Men (2007)
Sealab 2021 (2001–05)
Space Ghost Coast to Coast (2001–04)
Stroker and Hoop (2004–05)
Superjail! (2007–14)
Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! (2007–10; 2010 & 2017)
Tom Goes to the Mayor (2004–06)
Titan Maximum (2009)
Xavier: Renegade Angel (2007–09)
2010s debuts
Black Dynamite (2012–15)
Brad Neely's Harg Nallin' Sclopio Peepio (2016)
Childrens Hospital (2010–16)
China, IL (2011–15)
Eagleheart (2011–14)
The Greatest Event in Television History (2012–14)
The Heart, She Holler (2011-14)
Hot Package (2013-15)
The Jack and Triumph Show (2015)
King Star King (2014)
Loiter Squad (2012–14)
Mary Shelley's Frankenhole (2010–12)
Million Dollar Extreme Presents: World Peace (2016)
Mongo Wrestling Alliance (2011)
Newsreaders (2013–15)
NTSF:SD:SUV:: (2011–13)
Samurai Jack (2017)
Soul Quest Overdrive (2011)
You're Whole (2012–13)
Current
Apollo Gauntlet (since 2016)
Black Jesus (since 2014)
Check It Out! with Dr. Steve Brule (since 2010)
Decker (since 2016)
Dream Corp, LLC (since 2016)
The Eric Andre Show (since 2012)
FishCenter Live (since 2014)
Infomercials (since 2009)
The Jellies (since 2017)
Mike Tyson Mysteries (since 2014)
Mr. Pickles (since 2013)
Neon Joe, Werewolf Hunter (since 2015)
Off the Air (since 2011)
Rick and Morty (since 2013)
Robot Chicken (since 2005)
Squidbillies (since 2005)
Tender Touches (since 2017)
Tim & Eric's Bedtime Stories (since 2013)
The Venture Bros. (since 2003)
Your Pretty Face Is Going to Hell (since 2013)
Upcoming
FLCL (2018)
Hot Streets (2018)
Mostly 4 Millennials (TBA)
See also: Adult Swim pilots and specials
[show]
v
t
e
Cartoon Network
Programs & blocks
(U.S.)
Current
Adult Swim
programming
Boomerang
programming
Toonami
programming
Jetstream
Former
Acme Hour
Cartoon Cartoons
Cartoon Planet
DC Nation
High Noon Toons
Tickle-U
International channels
Asia and Oceania
(TBSAP)
Australia & New Zealand
India
Japan
Pakistan & Bangladesh
Philippines
Southeast Asia
South Korea
Taiwan
Europe, the Middle East,
& Africa
(TBSE)
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Brisket
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
American cuts of beef including the brisket
Kansas City-style Angus beef brisket and burnt ends dinner from the Q39 restaurant
British cuts of beef including the brisket
Brisket is a cut of meat from the breast or lower chest of beef or veal. The beef brisket is one of the nine beef primal cuts, though the precise definition of the cut differs internationally. The brisket muscles include the superficial and deep pectorals. As cattle do not have collar bones, these muscles support about 60% of the body weight of standing/moving cattle. This requires a significant amount of connective tissue, so the resulting meat must be cooked correctly to tenderize the connective tissue.
According to the Random House Dictionary of the English Language, Second Edition, the term derives from the Middle English brusket which comes from the earlier Old Norse brjósk, meaning cartilage. The cut overlies the sternum, ribs, and connecting costal cartilages.
Contents
1 Method of cooking
2 Other variations
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
6 External links
Method of cooking[edit]
A pan of beef brisket
Beef brisket noodles (Philippines)
Brisket can be cooked many ways, including baking, boiling and roasting. Basting of the meat is often done during the cooking process. This normally tough cut of meat, due to the collagen fibers that make up the significant connective tissue in the cut, is tenderized when the collagen gelatinizes, resulting in more tender brisket. The fat cap, which is often left attached to the brisket, helps to keep the meat from drying during the prolonged cooking necessary to break down the connective tissue in the meat. Water is necessary for the conversion of collagen to gelatin, which is the hydrolysis product of collagen.
Popular methods in the United States include rubbing with a spice rub or marinating the meat, then cooking slowly over indirect heat from charcoal or wood. This is a form of smoking the meat. A hardwood, such as oak, pecan, hickory, or mesquite, is sometimes added, alone or in combination with other hardwoods, to the main heat source. Sometimes, they make up all of the heat source, with chefs often prizing characteristics of certain woods. The smoke from these woods and from burnt dripping juices further enhances the flavor. The finished meat is a variety of barbecue. Smoked brisket done this way is popular in Texas barbecue. Once finished, pieces of brisket can be returned to the smoker to make burnt ends. Burnt ends are most popular in Kansas City-style barbecue, where they are traditionally served open-faced on white bread. The traditional New England boiled dinner features brisket as a main-course option. Brisket is also cooked in a slow cooker, as this also tenderizes the meat due to the slow cooking method, which is usually 8 hours for a three-pound brisket.
In the United States, the whole boneless brisket, based on the Institutional Meat Purchase Specifications (IMPS), as promulgated by the USDA, has the meat-cutting classification IMPS 120. The North American Meat Processors Association publishes a photographic version of IMPS called the Meat Buyer's Guide.[1] The brisket muscles are sometimes separated for retail cutting: the lean "first cut" or "flat cut" is the deep pectoral, while the fattier "second cut", "point", "fat end", or "triangular cut" is the superficial pectoral. For food service use, they are IMPS 120A and 120B, respectively.
Other variations[edit]
Brisket has a long history in the United States dating back to the indigenous Indians of southern Texas[citation needed]. Brisket is synonymous with Texas culture and has long been a standing staple for residents there[citation needed].
In traditional Jewish cooking, brisket is most often braised as a pot roast, especially as a holiday main course, usually served at Rosh Hashanah, Passover, and on the Sabbath. For reasons of economics and kashrut, it was historically one of the more popular cuts of beef among Ashkenazi Jews. Brisket is also the most popular cut for corned beef, which can be further spiced and smoked to make pastrami. The Jewish community in Montreal also makes Montreal-style smoked meat, a close relative of pastrami, from brisket.[2]
In Hong Kong, it is cooked with spices over low heat until tender, and is commonly served with noodles in soup or curry.[3]
In Korean cuisine, traditionally it is first boiled at low temperature with aromatic vegetables, then pressed with a heavy object in a container full of a soy sauce-based marinade. The ensuing preserved meat is served in match-length strips as an accompaniment (banchan) to a meal. This is called jang jorim. Brisket is also the main ingredient in a spicy soup called yuk ke jang, part of the class of soups that are complete meals in Korean cuisine. Nowadays, it is also popular to cook thin slices of it quickly over a hot plate.
In Thai cuisine, it is used to prepare suea rong hai, a popular grilled dish originally from Isan.
In New Zealand cuisine, it is used in a boil-up. Boiled in seasoned water with green vegetables and potatoes, it is popular amongst Maori people.
It is a common cut of meat used in Vietnamese phở soup.
In Britain, it is not generally smoked, but is one of a number of low-cost cuts normally cooked very slowly in a lidded casserole dish with gravy. The dish, known as a pot roast in the United States, but more commonly as braised or stewed beef in the UK, is often accompanied by root vegetables. Good results may also be achieved in a slow cooker. Cooked brisket, being boneless, carves well after refrigeration, and is a versatile, cheaper cut.
In Italian cuisine, brisket is used to prepare bollito misto, a typical Northern Italy recipe.
In Pakistan it is used in nihari, a national dish.
In Germany, brisket is braised in dark German beer and cooked with celery, carrots, onions, bay leaves, and a small bundle of thyme.
See also[edit]
Food portal
List of steak dishes
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Meat Buyers Guide". Chefs-Resources.com. Retrieved 2011-06-08.
Jump up ^ Rabinovitch, Lara (2009), "Montreal-Style Smoked Meat:An interview with Eiran Harris conducted by Lara Rabinovitch, with the cooperation of the Jewish Public Library Archives of Montreal", Cuizine: The Journal of Canadian Food Cultures / Cuizine : revue des cultures culinaires au Canada, 1 (2)
Jump up ^ 40 Hong Kong foods we can't live without, CNN Go, 13 July 2011. Retrieved 2011-10-09
Further reading[edit]
Moskin, Julia (August 19, 2014). "Brisket Is Worth the Wait". The New York Times. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
Green, Aliza (2005). Field Guide to Meat. Philadelphia: Quirk Books. ISBN 1-931686-79-3.
External links[edit]
Media related to Brisket of beef at Wikimedia Commons
The dictionary definition of brisket at Wiktionary
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