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Freedom Caucus
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This article is about the U.S. Congressional organization. For the Democratic political action organization, see Democratic Freedom Caucus.
Freedom Caucus
Chairman
Mark Meadows (NC-11)
Founded
January 26, 2015; 3 years ago (2015-01-26)
Split from
Republican Study Committee
Ideology
Conservatism[1][2]
Libertarian conservatism[3][4]
Fiscal conservatism
Social conservatism[5][6]
Political position
Right-wing[2][7][8]
to Far-right[9][10][11]
National affiliation
Republican Party
Seats in House Republican Conference
32 / 240
Seats in the House
32 / 435
Politics of the United States
Political parties
Elections
The Freedom Caucus, also known as the House Freedom Caucus, is a congressional caucus consisting of conservative and libertarian Republican members of the United States House of Representatives.[1][3][2] It was formed in 2015 by what member Jim Jordan called a "smaller, more cohesive, more agile and more active" group of conservative Congressmen.[12]
Many members are also part of the much larger Republican Study Committee.[12][13] The caucus is sympathetic to the Tea Party movement.[14] The Freedom Caucus is considered the farthest-right grouping within the House Republican Conference.[15][16]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Speaker of the House John Boehner resignation in 2015
1.2 Backlash in 2016
1.3 Rejection of American Health Care Act in 2017
2 Membership
2.1 Chairs
2.2 Former members
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
The origins of the caucus lie at the mid-January 2015 Republican congressional retreat in Hershey, Pennsylvania. Nine conservative active Republican members of the House began planning a new Congressional caucus separate from the Republican Study Committee and apart from the House Republican Conference. The group ultimately became the nine founding members and the first board of directors for the new caucus consisting of Republican Representatives Scott Garrett of New Jersey, Jim Jordan of Ohio, John Fleming of Louisiana, Matt Salmon of Arizona, Justin Amash of Michigan, Raúl Labrador of Idaho, Mick Mulvaney of South Carolina, Ron DeSantis of Florida and Mark Meadows of North Carolina.[17]
The group debated a name for their new caucus eventually settling on "House Freedom Caucus" (HFC) because, according to founding member Mick Mulvaney, "it was so generic and universally awful that we had no reason to be against it." The group of nine founding members in Hershey set as a criterion for new members that they had to be willing to vote against Speaker of the United States House of Representatives John Boehner on legislation that the group opposed.[18]
During the crisis over the funding of the Department of Homeland Security in early 2015, the Caucus offered four plans for resolution, but all were rejected by the Republican leadership. One of the caucus leaders, Labrador of Idaho, said the Caucus will offer an alternative that the most conservative Republican members could support.[19][needs update]
Speaker of the House John Boehner resignation in 2015[edit]
The House Freedom Caucus was involved in the resignation of Boehner on September 25, 2015 and the ensuing leadership battle for the new Speaker.[20] Members of the Caucus who had voted against Boehner for Speaker felt unfairly punished, accusing him of cutting them off from positions in the Republican Study Committee and depriving them of key committee assignments.[21][22] Boehner found it increasingly difficult to manage House Republicans with the fierce opposition of the Freedom Caucus, and he sparred with House Republican members in 2013 over their willingness to shut down the government in order to accomplish goals such as repealing the Affordable Care Act. These members later created and became members of the Freedom Caucus when it was created in 2015.[18][23][24][25]
After Boehner resigned as speaker, Kevin McCarthy, the House Majority Leader, was initially the lead contender to succeed him, but the Freedom Caucus withheld its support.[26] However, McCarthy withdrew from the race on September 28, 2015.[27] On the same day as McCarthy's withdrawal, Reid Ribble resigned from the Freedom Caucus saying he had joined to promote certain policies and could not support the role that it was playing in the leadership race.[28]
On October 20, 2015, Paul Ryan announced that his bid for the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives was contingent on an official endorsement by the Freedom Caucus.[29] While the group could not reach the 80% approval that was needed to give an official endorsement, on October 21, 2015, it announced that it had reached a supermajority support for Ryan.[30] On October 29, 2015, Ryan succeeded John Boehner as the Speaker of the House.[31]
On November 16, 2015, Jim Jordan was re-elected chairman of the caucus.[32]
On October 30, 2017, Vanity Fair published an interview with former Speaker Boehner, who said of the Freedom Caucus: "They can’t tell you what they’re for. They can tell you everything they’re against. They’re anarchists. They want total chaos. Tear it all down and start over. That’s where their mindset is."[33]
Backlash in 2016[edit]
The group faced backlash from the Republican Party establishment during the 2016 election cycle.[34] One of its members, Congressman Tim Huelskamp, a Tea Party Republican representing Kansas' First District, was defeated during a primary election on August 2, 2016, by Roger Marshall.[35]
Rejection of American Health Care Act in 2017[edit]
On March 24, 2017, the American Health Care Act (AHCA), the House Republican bill to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, was withdrawn by Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan because it lacked the votes to pass, due in large part to opposition from Freedom Caucus Republicans.[36][37][38]
Two days later, President Donald Trump publicly criticized the Freedom Caucus and other right-wing groups, such as the Club for Growth and Heritage Action, that opposed the bill. Trump tweeted: "Democrats are smiling in D.C. that the Freedom Caucus, with the help of Club For Growth and Heritage, have saved Planned Parenthood & Obamacare!"[39][40] On the same day, Congressman Ted Poe of Texas resigned from the Freedom Caucus.[41] On March 30, 2017, Trump "declared war" on the Freedom Caucus, sending a tweet urging Republicans to "fight them" in the 2018 midterm elections "if they don't get on the team" (i.e., support Trump's proposals).[42] Vocal Freedom Caucus member Justin Amash responded by accusing Trump of "succumb[ing] to the D.C. Establishment."[43]
Trump has since developed a closer relationship with the caucus chair, Mark Meadows.[44]
Membership[edit]
Congressional District map for Freedom Caucus membership of the 114th Congress. Former members in light color.
The House Freedom Caucus does not disclose the names of its members.[45] In the current (115th) Congress, the group has about three dozen members.[45] A number of members have identified themselves, or have been identified by others, as members of the Freedom Caucus, as of February 2018[update] including:
Mark Meadows of North Carolina[46][45]
Justin Amash of Michigan[46]
Joe Barton of Texas[47]
Andy Biggs of Arizona[48]
Rod Blum of Iowa[49]
Dave Brat of Virginia[50]
Jim Bridenstine of Oklahoma[51]
Mo Brooks of Alabama[52][53]
Ken Buck of Colorado[54]
Ted Budd of North Carolina[55]
Warren Davidson of Ohio[56]
Ron DeSantis of Florida[46]
Scott DesJarlais of Tennessee[57]
Jeff Duncan of South Carolina[58]
Matt Gaetz of Florida[59]
Tom Garrett Jr. of Virginia[60]
Louie Gohmert of Texas[47]
Paul Gosar of Arizona[61]
Morgan Griffith of Virginia[10]
Andy Harris of Maryland[49]
Jody Hice of Georgia[62]
Jim Jordan of Ohio[46]
Raúl Labrador of Idaho[46]
Alex Mooney of West Virginia[49]
Gary Palmer of Alabama[51]
Steve Pearce of New Mexico[54]
Scott Perry of Pennsylvania[49]
Bill Posey of Florida[49]
Mark Sanford of South Carolina[49]
David Schweikert of Arizona[54]
Randy Weber of Texas[63]
Ted Yoho of Florida[63]
Chairs[edit]
Rep. Jim Jordan (OH-4), 2015–2017[64]
Rep. Mark Meadows (NC-11), 2017–present
Former members[edit]
Brian Babin of Texas (resigned from the caucus in 2017)[65]
Curt Clawson of Florida (retired in 2016)[66]
John Fleming of Louisiana (ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate in 2016)[67]
Trent Franks of Arizona[54] (resigned from Congress in 2017)
Scott Garrett of New Jersey (defeated in 2016 general election)[46]
Tim Huelskamp of Kansas (defeated in 2016 primary election)[68]
Barry Loudermilk of Georgia (declined to renew membership for the 115th Congress)[62][69]
Cynthia Lummis of Wyoming (retired in 2016;[54] the only identified female member)
Tom McClintock of California (resigned from the caucus on September 16, 2015)[51]
Mick Mulvaney of South Carolina (appointed as Director of the Office of Management and Budget)[46]
Ted Poe of Texas (resigned from caucus March 26, 2017 after AHCA was withdrawn)[70]
Reid Ribble of Wisconsin (resigned from the caucus on October 9, 2015)[28]
Keith Rothfus of Pennsylvania (resigned from the caucus in 2016)[71]
Matt Salmon of Arizona (retired in 2016)[46]
Marlin Stutzman of Indiana (ran unsuccessfully for U.S. Senate in 2016)[49]
See also[edit]
Blue Dog Coalition
Factions in the Republican Party (United States)
Liberty Caucus
Republican Liberty Caucus
Republican Main Street Partnership
Tea Party Caucus
The Tuesday Group
Second Amendment Caucus
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Taylor, Tyler (January 28, 2015). "House Freedom Caucus Delays Immigration Bill". Headlines and Global News. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Loiaconi, Stephen (March 24, 2017). "For Freedom Caucus, defying Trump could have consequences". WJLA-TV. Retrieved March 31, 2017. The House Freedom Caucus, a cadre of conservatives, libertarians and others who have shown no hesitation to buck the party leadership, has been heavily critical of the AHCA
^ Jump up to: a b Carl, Jeremy (October 13, 2015). "The Freedom Caucus Is a Rebellion That Could Change the GOP's Future". Retrieved March 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Friedman, Dan (July 13, 2016). "For These House Republicans, the NRA's Seal of Approval Isn't Enough". The Trace. Retrieved March 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Reilly, Mollie (October 21, 2015). "House Conservatives Support Paul Ryan For Speaker, But Won't Formally Endorse Him". Huffington Post. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Paul Ryan vs. House Freedom Caucus: Who will blink first in speaker's race?". Los Angeles Times. October 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "The Right-Wing 'Freedom Caucus' Says It's Going to Kill Trumpcare". Retrieved April 10, 2017.
"GOP Centrists, Not Freedom Caucus, Are Blocking Deal To Replace Obamacare". Retrieved April 10, 2017. The conventional wisdom—repeated by President Trump—is that the right-wing House Freedom Caucus is singlehandedly blocking Republican attempts to repeal and replace Obamacare.
"Meet the Right-Wing Rebels Who Overthrew John Boehner". Retrieved April 10, 2017.
"Republican quits House Freedom Caucus". Retrieved April 10, 2017. Rep. Ted Poe (R-Texas) resigned Sunday from the House Freedom Caucus, indicating he did so because he wanted to vote for the Republican healthcare proposal the right-wing caucus so adamantly opposed.
"WHY LIBERALS HAVE LEARNED TO LOVE THE GOP FREEDOM CAUCUS". Retrieved April 10, 2017. Because every Republican in Congress is well aware that the Tea Party and the Freedom Caucus are the culmination of American right-wing ideology, and have no interest in compromising on their ideological principles.
"A HOUSE DIVIDED". Retrieved April 10, 2017. Meadows is one of the more active members of the House Freedom Caucus, an invitation-only group of about forty right-wing conservatives that formed at the beginning of this year.
Jump up ^ "In The Freedom Caucus, Trump Meets His Match". Retrieved April 10, 2017. This group of House conservatives are just as committed to their brand of right-wing populism as the president.
Jump up ^ French, Lauren (March 14, 2016). "House Freedom Caucus to break with leadership on budget". Politico. Retrieved July 14, 2016. Budget Committee Chairman Tom Price of Georgia and Speaker Paul Ryan (R-Wis.) have labored to gain the support of the far-right caucus
Thrush, Glenn (March 25, 2017). "Trump Becomes Ensnared in Fiery G.O.P. Civil War". New York Times.
Fabian, Jordan (March 30, 2017). "Trump on the warpath against Freedom Caucus". The Hill.
Woolf, Nicky (October 7, 2015). "Republicans in Freedom Caucus support Florida conservative as speaker". The Guardian.
^ Jump up to: a b Newhauser, Daniel (June 24, 2015). "Boehner-vs.-Freedom-Caucus Battle Escalates". National Journal. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sullivan, Sean (March 4, 2015). "Insurgent bloc of House conservatives proving to be a thorn in Boehner's side". Washington Post. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Eaton, Sabrina (February 11, 2015). "It's official: Rep. Jim Jordan now chairs the House Freedom Caucus". Cleveland. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Graf, Scott (January 28, 2015). "Idaho's Rep. Labrador Joins Other Tea Party Conservatives To Form 'Freedom Caucus'". Boise State Public Radio. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ferrechio, Susan (January 26, 2015). "Conservative lawmakers form House Freedom Caucus". Washington Examiner. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lauren Fox, Why (almost) everyone hates the House Freedom Caucus, CNN (March 24, 2017): "At first, there were just nine of them, but the group, which is considered the most far-right flank of the Republican conference, grew."
Jump up ^ Mark Barrett, Meadows in line to lead House's most conservative wing, Asheville Citizen-Times (December 3, 2016): "the House Freedom Caucus, which occupies the furthest-right position on the ideological spectrum in the U.S. House..."
Jump up ^ French, Lauren (January 26, 2015). "9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus". Politico. Retrieved December 26, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Lizza, Ryan. "A House Divided". The New Yorker. Retrieved December 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ French, Lauren (March 3, 2015). "Conservatives offer John Boehner another DHS deal". Politico. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer (September 25, 2015). "John Boehner, House Speaker, Will Resign From Congress". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Marcos, Cristina. "Boehner rebels replaced on committee". The Hill. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wong, Scott (June 27, 2015). "The dozen rebels targeted by GOP leaders". The Hill. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Brief History of the 2013 Government Shutdown". www.mediaite.com. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jacobs, Ryan (October 4, 2013). "32 Republicans Who Caused the Government Shutdown". The Atlantic. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ Lizza, Ryan (December 14, 2015). "A HOUSE DIVIDED". Retrieved June 5, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kevin McCarthy Announces Run for Speaker of the House". The Atlantic. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Costa, Mike DeBonis, Robert; Helderman, Rosalind S. (October 8, 2015). "House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy drops out of race for House speaker". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Rep. Ribble leaves Freedom Caucus over moves in leadership race". Politico. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ David M. Herszenhorn (October 21, 2015), "Freedom Caucus Is Key to Paul Ryan House Speaker Decision", The New York Times
Jump up ^ DeBonis, Mike; Costa, Robert (October 21, 2015). "'Supermajority' of House Freedom Caucus to back Paul Ryan's speaker bid". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Steinhauer, Jennifer (October 29, 2015). "Paul Ryan Is Elected House Speaker, Hoping to Manage Chaos". The New York Times. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ DeBonis, Mike (November 16, 2015). "Rep. Jim Jordan will remain House Freedom Caucus chairman". PowerPost. The Washington Post. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nguyen, Tina (2017-10-30). ""Idiots," "Anarchists," and "Assholes": Boehner Unloads on Republicans". The Hive. Retrieved 2017-11-08.
Jump up ^ Schneider, Elena (August 15, 2016). "The GOP establishment strikes back". Politico. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Robertson, Joe; Tate, Curtis (August 2, 2016). "Tea party's Tim Huelskamp ousted by challenger Roger Marshall in Kansas congressional race". The Kansas City Star.
Jump up ^ "Breaking: House Republicans withdraw health care bill". KFOR-TV. CNN Wire. March 24, 2017. Retrieved March 25, 2017. Freedom Caucus members stood by their ideological objections to a bill they say does not go far enough in repealing Obamacare.
Jump up ^ Shannon Pettypiece Jennifer Jacobs & Billy House, Trump Meets Freedom Caucus and Result Is Legislative Disaster, Bloomberg (March 25, 2017).
Jump up ^ Eliza Collins, Collapse of Obamacare repeal plan puts Freedom Caucus in complicated spot, USA Today (March 24, 2017): "While the bill faced critics from all factions of the party, no group played more of a role in sinking the legislation than the Freedom Caucus."
Jump up ^ "Trump tweets about Democrats, Freedom Caucus after health care bill fails". CBS News. March 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Weber, Joseph (March 26, 2017). "Trump hits Freedom Caucus, Washington conservatives for nixing ObamaCare overhaul". Fox News.
Jump up ^ Abby Livingston, U.S. Rep. Ted Poe resigns from Freedom Caucus, Texas Tribune (March 26, 2017).
Jump up ^ Glenn Thrush, 'We Must Fight Them’: Trump Goes After Conservatives of Freedom Caucus, New York Times (March 30, 2017).
Jump up ^ Jordan Fabian, Trump threatens to ‘fight’ Freedom Caucus in midterms, The Hill (March 30, 2017).
Jump up ^ Golshan, Tara (August 28, 2017). "Meet the most powerful man in the House". Vox. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Huetteman, Emmarie (March 20, 2017). "On Health Law, G.O.P. Faces a Formidable Policy Foe: House Republicans". New York Times. Retrieved March 28, 2017. So secretive that it will not disclose the names of its members, [...] the roughly three dozen
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h French, Lauren (January 26, 2015). "9 Republicans launch House Freedom Caucus". Politico. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Livingston, Abby (March 26, 2017). "U.S. Rep. Ted Poe resigns from Freedom Caucus". Texas Tribune. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hansen, Ronald J. (March 24, 2017). "Two Arizona Republican House members helped sink 'Obamacare' repeal". The Arizona Republic. Retrieved June 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "House Freedom Caucus Forms 'Fight Club' in House". 218. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ @DaveBratVA7th (March 13, 2015). "Proud to be part of House Freedom Caucus" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b c Fuller, Matt (September 16, 2015). "House Freedom Caucus Loses Member Over Planned Parenthood". CNN. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ May, Caroline (January 27, 2015). "House GOP To Regroup On Border Bill". Breitbart. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Wong, Scott; Shabad, Rebecca; Marcos, Cristina (February 26, 2015). "House will vote Friday to prevent Homeland Security shutdown". The Hill. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Wong, Scott; Marcos, Cristina (June 27, 2015). "The dozen rebels targeted by GOP leaders". The Hill. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Dexheimer, Elizabeth (July 5, 2017). "Taking Wall Street's Side, Young Congressman Infuriates Allies". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 6, 2017. Budd affiliated himself with the Freedom Caucus
Jump up ^ "Boehner's successor joins Freedom Caucus". Politico. June 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ Broden, Scott (April 22, 2015). "DesJarlais raises $144,677 for 2016 campaign". The Daily News Journal. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Palmer, Anna; French, Lauren (February 5, 2015). "Ron DeSantis, Jeff Duncan quit House whip team". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lanktree, Graham (February 13, 2018). "Trump Says Democrats Hate His Budget—But Some Republicans Don't Like It Much Either". Newsweek. Retrieved February 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Portnoy, Jenna (March 15, 2017). "Three Virginia GOP congressmen, including Rep. Tom Garrett in 5th District, line up against GOP health care plan". The Roanoke Times. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Strong, Jonathon (January 27, 2015). "Secretive 'Freedom Caucus' Claims Scalp On Border Bill Delay". Breitbart. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Darnell, Tim (March 19, 2015). "Can the House Freedom Caucus save the GOP?". Peach Pundit. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Drew DeSilver (October 20, 2015), What is the House Freedom Caucus, and who's in it?, Pew Research Center
Jump up ^ Eaton, Sabrina (February 11, 2015). "It's official: Rep. Jim Jordan now chairs the House Freedom Caucus". Cleveland Plain Dealer. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Marcos, Christina (April 27, 2017). "Texas Republican departs Freedom Caucus". The Hill. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Newhauser, Daniel; Mimms, Sarah; Roubein, Rachel (February 26, 2015). "Boehner Has a Plan to Avoid a DHS Shutdown—But It Might Not Pass". National Journal. Retrieved July 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Pathé, Simone (December 10, 2016). "Louisiana Runoffs Increase Republican Majorities in Senate and House". Roll Call. Retrieved March 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tim Huelskamp, Anti-Establishment House Republican, Loses Primary in Kansas". New York Times. August 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Hallerman, Tamar (2 March 2017). "Barry Loudermilk quietly leaves the House Freedom Caucus". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved March 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fox, Lauren (March 26, 2017). "Rep. Poe resigns from House Freedom Caucus". CNN. Retrieved March 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mauriello, Tracie (January 6, 2017). "Freedom Caucus may play role in alternate Obamacare repeal timeline". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
External links[edit]
Cristina Marcos (January 26, 2015), "House conservatives form 'Freedom Caucus'", The Hill
Jeremy Carl (October 13, 2015), "The Freedom Caucus Is a Rebellion That Could Change the GOP's Future", Time
Linda Killian (October 10, 2015), "How House Freedom Caucus Has Alienated Members—and Risks Its Agenda", The Wall Street Journal
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