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Directive Principles
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The Directive Principles of State Policy are the guidelines or principles given to the federal institutes governing the state of India, which must be kept in mind while making or executing a law. These provisions, contained in Part IV (Article 36-51) of the Constitution of India, are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down therein are considered irrefutable in the governance of the country, making it the duty of the State[1] to apply these principles in making laws to establish a just society in the country. The principles have been inspired by the Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland relate to social justice, economic welfare, foreign policy, and legal and administrative matters.
Directive Principles are classified under the following categories: economic and socialistic, political and administrative, justice and legal, environmental, protection of monuments and peace and security.
Contents
1 History
2 Characteristics
3 Directives
4 Implementation
5 Amendments
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
History[edit]
See also: Indian independence movement
The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy was borrowed from the Irish Constitution. The makers of the Constitution of India were influenced by the Irish nationalist movement, particularly the Irish Home Rule Movement. Hence, the Directive Principles of the Indian constitution have been greatly influenced by the Directive Principles of Social Policy.[2] The idea of such policies "can be traced to the Declaration of the Rights of Man proclaimed by Revolutionary France and the Declaration of Independence by the American Colonies."[3] The Indian constitution was also influenced by the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Indians, who were seeking independence from British rule and their own government, were particularly influenced by the independence of Ireland from British rule and the development of the Irish constitution. Also, the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Irish Constitution were looked upon by the people of India as an inspiration for the independent India's government to comprehensively tackle complex social and economic challenges across a vast, diverse nation and population.
In 1928, the Nehru Commission composing of representatives of Indian political parties proposed constitutional reforms for India that apart from calling for dominion status for India and elections under universal suffrage, would guarantee rights deemed fundamental, representation for religious and ethnic minorities, and limit the powers of the government. In 1931, the Indian National Congress (the largest Indian political party of the time) adopted resolutions committing itself to the defence of fundamental civil rights, as well as socio-economic rights such as the minimum wage and the abolition of untouchability and serfdom.[4] Committing themselves to socialism in 1936, the Congress leaders took examples from the constitution of the erstwhile USSR, which inspired the fundamental duties of citizens as a means of collective patriotic responsibility for national interests and challenges.
When India obtained independence on 15 August 1947, the task of developing a constitution for the nation was undertaken by the Constituent Assembly of India, composing of elected representatives under the presidency of Dr. Rajendra Prasad. While members of Congress composed of a large majority, Congress leaders appointed persons from diverse political backgrounds to responsibilities of developing the constitution and national laws.[5] Notably, Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar became the chairperson of the drafting committee, while Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel became chairperson of committees and sub-committees responsible for different subjects. A notable development during that period having significant effect on the Indian constitution took place on 10 December 1948 when the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and called upon all member States to adopt these rights in their respective constitutions.
Both the Fundamental Rights and the Directive Principles of State Policy were included in the I Draft Constitution (February 1948), the II Draft Constitution (17 October 1948) and the III and final Draft Constitution (26 November 1949), prepared by the Drafting Committee.
Characteristics[edit]
While debating on DPSP in the Constituent Assembly, Dr. Ambedkar stated on 19 November 1948 as given below high lighting that the DPSP shall be the basis of future governance of the country:[6]
It is the intention of this Assembly that in future both the legislature and the executive should not merely pay lip service to these principles enacted in this part, but that they should be made the basis of all executive and legislative action that may be taken hereafter in the matter of the governance of the country.
Directive Principles of State Policy aim to create social and economic conditions under which the citizens can lead a good life. They also aim to establish social and economic democracy through a welfare state. Though the Directive Principles are not-justiciable rights of the people but fundamental in the governance of the country, it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws per Article 37. Besides, all executive agencies of union and states should also be guided by these principles.[1] Even the judiciary has to keep them in mind in deciding cases.[7][8]
Per Article 37, state and union governments, as duty, shall make further detailed policies and laws for implementation considering DPSPs as fundamental policy. In contrary to Article 37, many policies have been implemented by state and union governments which go against the DPSPs such as using intoxicating drinks as source of major tax revenue instead of implementing prohibition for better health of people, separation of judiciary from executive, uniform civil code for the citizen, etc. When the union government feels that a DPSP is no longer useful to the nation, it shall be deleted from Constitution by bringing a constitutional amendment to remove ambiguity in policy making / direction. Judiciary can repeal any policy/law devised by the government which is diametrically opposite to any DPSP.
An existing policy in line with DPSP can not be reversed, however it can be expanded further in line with DPSP. The policy changes applicable under DPSP shall not be reversible unless the applicable DPSP is deleted by constitutional amendment (ex. prohibition implemented once in a state can not be repealed later as long as it is part of DPSP)
Directives[edit]
The directive principles ensure that the State[1] shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing a social order in which social, economic and political justice is animated/informed in all institutions of life per Article 38 (1).[6] Dr. Ambedkar clarified as given below in the Constituent Assembly debates on Article 38 high lighting its inevitable implementation.
... The word 'strive' which occurs in the Draft Constitution, in judgement, is very important. We have used it because our intention is even when there are circumstances which prevent the Government, or which stand in the way of the Government giving effect to these Directive Principles, they shall, even under hard and unpropitious circumstances, always strive in the fulfilment of these Directives. That is why we have used the word 'strive'. Otherwise, it would be open for any Government to say that the circumstances are so bad, that the finances are so inadequate that we cannot even make an effort in the direction in which the Constitution asks us to go.
Also, the State shall strive to minimise the inequalities in income and endeavour to eliminate economic inequality as well as inequalities in status and opportunities, not only among individuals, but also among groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations per Article 38 (2). The State shall aim for securing right to an adequate means of livelihood for all citizens, both men and women as well as equal pay for equal work for both men and women. The State should work to prevent concentration of wealth and means of production in a few hands, and try to ensure that ownership and control of the material resources is distributed to best serve the common good. Child abuse and exploitation of workers should be prevented. Children should be allowed to develop in a healthy manner and should be protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment per Article 39. The State shall provide free legal aid to ensure that equal opportunities for securing justice is ensured to all, and is not denied by reason of economic or other disabilities per Article 39A. The State shall also work for organisation of village panchayats and help enable them to function as units of self-government per Article 40. The State shall endeavour to provide the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, within the limits of economic capacity per Article 41 as well as provide for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief per Article 42.
The State should also ensure living wage and proper working conditions for workers, with full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural activities. Also, the promotion of cottage industries in rural areas is one of the obligations of the State per Article 43 The State shall take steps to promote their participation in management of industrial undertakings per Article 43A. Article 43B is added to the DPSP to promote Co-operative Societies by the 97th constitutional amendment in 2012 and also made enforceable by courts with the addition of Part-IXB (The Co-operative Societies) to the constitution.
Also, the State shall endeavour to secure a uniform civil code for all citizens per Article 44 and provide free and compulsory education to all children till they attain the age of 14 years per Article 45. This directive regarding education of children was added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.[9] It should work for the economic and educational upliftment of scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other weaker sections of the society as per Article 46
The directive principles commit the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health, particularly by prohibiting intoxicating drinks and drugs injurious to health except for medicinal purposes per Article 47. It should also organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines by improving breeds and prohibiting slaughter of cows, calves, other milch and draught cattle per Article 48.[10] It should protect and improve the environment and safeguard the forests and wild life of the country per Article 48A. This directive, regarding protection of forests and wildlife was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.[11]
Protection of monuments, places and objects of historic and artistic interest and national importance against destruction and damage per Article 49 and separation of judiciary from executive in public services per Article 50 are also the obligations of the State as laid down in the directive principles. Finally Article 51 ensure that the State shall strive for the promotion and maintenance of international peace and security, just and honourable relations between nations, respect for international law and treaty obligations, as well as settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
Implementation[edit]
There is no need of any constitutional amendment and simple legislation by the Parliament is adequate to implement the Directive Principles as applicable laws per Article 245 as they are already enshrined in the constitution. The State has made few efforts till now to implement the Directive Principles.
The Programme of Universalisation of Elementary Education and the five-year plans has been accorded the highest priority in order to provide free education to all children up to the age of 14 years.The 86th constitutional amendment of 2002 inserted a new article, Article 21-A, into the Constitution, that seeks to provide free and compulsory education to all children aged 6 to 14 years.[9] Welfare schemes for the weaker sections are being implemented both by the Central and State governments. These include programmes such as boys' and girls' hostels for scheduled castes' or scheduled tribes' students.[12] The year 1990-1991 was declared as the "Year of Social Justice" in the memory of B.R. Ambedkar.[13] The government provides free textbooks to students belonging to scheduled castes or scheduled tribes pursuing medicine and engineering courses. During 2002-2003, a sum of Rs. 47.7 million was released for this purpose.[14] In order that scheduled castes and scheduled tribes are protected from atrocities, the Government enacted the Prevention of Atrocities Act, which provided severe punishments for such atrocities.[15]
Several Land Reform Acts were enacted to provide ownership rights to poor farmers.[16] Up to September 2001, more than 20,000,000 acres (80,000 km²) of land had been distributed to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and the landless poor. The thrust of banking policy in India has been to improve banking facilities in the rural areas.[17] The Minimum Wages Act of 1948 empowers government to fix minimum wages for employees engaged in various employments.[18] The Consumer Protection Act of 1986 provides for the better protection of consumers. The act is intended to provide simple, speedy and inexpensive redressal to the consumers' grievances, award relief and compensation wherever appropriate to the consumer.[citation needed] The Equal Remuneration Act of 1976, provides for equal pay for equal work for both men and women.[19] The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana was launched in 2001 to attain the objective of gainful employment for the rural poor. The programme was implemented through the Panchayati Raj institutions.[20]
Panchayati Raj now covers almost all states and Union territories.[21] One-third of the total number of seats have been reserved for women in Panchayats at every level; in the case of Bihar, half the seats have been reserved for women.[22][23] Legal aid at the expense of the State has been made compulsory in all cases pertaining to criminal law, if the accused is too poor to engage a lawyer. Judiciary has been separated from the executive in all the states and Union territories except Jammu and Kashmir and Nagaland.[14]
India's Foreign Policy has also to some degree been influenced by the DPSPs. India, in the past has condemned all acts of aggression and has also supported the United Nations' peace-keeping activities. By 2004, the Indian Army had participated in 37 UN peace-keeping operations. India played a key role in the passing of a UN resolution in 2003, which envisaged better co-operation between the Security Council and the troop-contributing countries.[24] India has also been in favour of nuclear disarmament.[14]
Per Article 38 (1), prompt rendering of the justice by courts is part of animating judiciary.[25] Rendering prompt justice is the foremost purpose of the constitution as enshrined in the Preamble to the constitution also.[6] However the judiciary is failing dismally in this respect by causing inordinate delay considering time of rendering justice in a case arbitrarily is its constitutional liberty.[26]
Amendments[edit]
Changes in Directive Principles require a Constitutional amendment which has to be passed by a special majority of both houses of the Parliament. This means that an amendment requires the approval of two-thirds of the members present and voting and by the absolute majority of the house – whether the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha.
Article 31-C, amended by the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 seeking to upgrade the DPSPs. If laws are made to give effect to any of the Directive Principles overriding Fundamental Rights, they shall not be invalid on the grounds that they take away the Fundamental Rights. In Minerva Mills v. Union of India case, Supreme Court ruled that 42nd Amendment Act to the Article 31C is not valid and ultra vires.
Articles 38 (2), was added by the Forty-fourth Amendment Act, 1978 of the Constitution
Articles 43A, was added by the Forty-second Amendment Act, 1976 of the Constitution
Articles 43B, was added by the 97th Amendment Act, 2012 of the Constitution.
Article 45, which ensures Provision for free and compulsory education for children, was added by the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.[9]
Article 48A, which ensures Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life, was added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976.
Article 49, was modified by the Seventh Amendment Act, 1956 of the Constitution
Article 39A, which includes To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid, was added by the 42nd Amendment.
Article 39(f), which states To secure opportunities for healthy development of children was added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976.
See also[edit]
Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India
Fundamental Rights in India
Government of India
Parliament of India
List of amendments of the Constitution of India
Writs in Indian law
Notes[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c The term "State" includes all authorities within the territorial periphery of India. It includes the Government of India, the Parliament of India, the Government and legislature of the states of India. It also includes all local or other authorities such as Municipal Corporations, Municipal Boards, District Boards, Panchayats etc. To avoid confusion with the term states and territories of India, State (encompassing all the authorities in India) has been capitalized and the term state is in lower case.
Jump up ^ Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), Indian History, World Developments and Civics, pg. A-39
Jump up ^ Pylee, M.V. (1999). India's Constitution. New Delhi: S. Chand and Company. ISBN 81-219-1907-X.
Jump up ^ Gandhi, Rajmohan. Patel: A Life. p. 206.
Jump up ^ UNI. "Sardar Patel was the real architect of the Constitution". Rediffmail.com. Retrieved 15 May 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Constituent Assembly of India - Volume VII". 19 November 1948. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), Indian History, World Developments and Civics, pg. A-39 to A-40
Jump up ^ Sinha, Savita, Das, Supta & Rashmi, Neeraja (2005), Social Science – Part II, pg. 29
^ Jump up to: a b c 86th Amendment Act, 2002.
Jump up ^ Article 48
Jump up ^ 42nd Amendment Act, 1976
Jump up ^ Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), Indian History, World Developments and Civics, pg. A-44
Jump up ^ "Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar". ambedkarfoundation.nic.in. Dr. Ambedkar Foundation. Archived from the original on 5 May 2006. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c Tayal, B.B. & Jacob, A. (2005), Indian History, World Developments and Civics, pg. A-45
Jump up ^ "Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1995". hrw.org. Human Rights Watch. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
Jump up ^ 40th Amendment Act, 1976
Jump up ^ "Banking Policy and Trends" (PDF). indiabudget.nic.in. Union Budget and Economic Survey. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
Jump up ^ "Minimum Wages Act, 1948". helplinelaw.com. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
Jump up ^ "Equal Remuneration Act, 1976". indialawinfo.com. Archived from the original on 22 March 2006. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
Jump up ^ "Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana, 2001" (PDF). rural.nic.in. Ministry of Rural Development, India. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
Jump up ^ "Panchayati Raj in India". empowerpoor.org. Poorest Areas Civil Society. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
Jump up ^ 73rd Amendment Act, 1992
Jump up ^ "Seat Reservation for Women in Local Panchayats" (PDF). p. 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
Jump up ^ "Indian and United Nations". Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 May 2006. Retrieved 29 June 2006.
Jump up ^ "Rule of law index, 2016". Retrieved 3 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "What causes judicial delay? Judgements diluting time frames in Code of Civil Procedure worsen the problem of adjournments". Retrieved 13 September 2017.
References[edit]
Basu, Durga Das (1988), Shorter constitution of India, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India
Basu, Durga Das (1993), Introduction to the constitution of India, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India
"Bodhisattwa Gautam vs. Subhra Chakraborty; 1995 ICHRL 69". worldlii.org. World Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 25 May 2006. Date of ruling 15 December 1995
Laski, Harold Joseph (1930), Liberty in the Modern State, New York and London: Harpers and Brothers
Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India; AIR 1978 S.C. 597, (1978).
Pylee, M.V. (1999), India’s constitution, New Delhi: S. Chand and Company, ISBN 81-219-1907-X
Sinha, Savita; Das, Supta; Rashmi, Neeraja (2005), Social Science – Part II Textbook for Class IX, New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training, India, ISBN 81-7450-351-X
Singh, J. P.; Dubey, Sanjay; Rashmi, Neeraja; Srinivasan, M. V. (2005), Social Science – Part II Textbook for Class X, New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training, India, ISBN 81-7450-373-0
Tayal, B.B.; Jacob, A. (2005), Indian History, World Developments and Civics, District Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh: Avichal Publishing Company, ISBN 81-7739-096-1
O'Flaharty, W.D.; J.D.M., Derrett (1981), The Concept of Duty in Asia; African Charter on Human and People's Right of 1981
Article 29 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
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text:
Dog whistle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the use of political code words, see Dog-whistle politics.
Dog whistles (left) adjustable, (right) fixed frequency
Galton whistle, the first "dog whistle"
A dog whistle (also known as silent whistle or Galton's whistle) is a type of whistle that emits sound in the ultrasonic range, which people cannot hear but some other animals can, including dogs and domestic cats, and is used in their training. It was invented in 1876 by Francis Galton and is mentioned in his book Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development,[1] in which he describes experiments to test the range of frequencies that could be heard by various animals, such as a house cat.
The upper limit of the human hearing range is about 20 kilohertz (kHz) for children, declining to 15–17 kHz for middle-age adults.[2] The top end of a dog's hearing range is about 45 kHz, while a cat's is 64 kHz.[3][4] It is thought that the wild ancestors of cats and dogs evolved this higher hearing range in order to hear high-frequency sounds made by their preferred prey, small rodents.[3] The frequency of most dog whistles is within the range of 23 to 54 kHz,[5] so they are above the range of human hearing, although some are adjustable down into the audible range.
To human ears, a dog whistle makes only a quiet hissing sound.[6] The advantage of the dog whistle is that it doesn't produce a loud irritating noise for humans that a normal whistle would produce, so it can be used to train or command animals without disturbing nearby people. Some dog whistles have adjustable sliders for active control of the frequency produced. Trainers may use the whistle simply to gather a dog's attention, or to inflict pain for the purpose of behaviour modification.
In addition to lung-powered whistles, there are also electronic dog whistle devices that emit ultrasonic sound via piezoelectric emitters.[3] The electronic variety are sometimes coupled with bark-detection circuits in an effort to curb barking behaviour. This kind of whistle can also be used to determine the hearing range for people and for physics demonstrations requiring ultrasonic sounds.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
Ultrasound
Infrasound
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dog whistles.
Jump up ^ Galton, Francis (1883). Inquiries into Human Faculty and its Development, p. 26-27
Jump up ^ "Frequency Range of Human Hearing". The Physics Factbook.
^ Jump up to: a b c Krantz, Les (2009). Power of the Dog: Things Your Dog Can Do That You Can't. MacMillan. pp. 35–37. ISBN 0312567227.
Jump up ^ Strain, George M. (2010). "How Well Do Dogs and Other Animals Hear?". Prof. Strain's website. School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Caroline Coile, D.; Bonham, Margaret H. (2008), "Why Do Dogs Like Balls?: More Than 200 Canine Quirks, Curiosities, and Conundrums Revealed", Sterling Publishing Company, Inc: 116, ISBN 9781402750397, retrieved 2011-08-07
Jump up ^ Weisbord, Merrily; Kachanoff, Kim (2000). Dogs with Jobs: Working Dogs Around the World. Simon & Shuster. pp. xvi–xvii. ISBN 0671047353.
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Ubi caritas
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Ubi caritas is a hymn of the Western Church, long used as one of the antiphons for the washing of feet on Maundy Thursday. The Gregorian melody was composed sometime between the fourth and tenth centuries, though some scholars believe the text dates from early Christian gatherings before the formalization of the Mass. It is usually sung at Eucharistic Adoration and Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament and on Holy Thursday evening at the Mass of the Lord's Supper. The current Roman Catholic Missal (1970, 3rd typical edition 2000) reassigned it from the foot-washing mandatum to the offertory procession at the Holy Thursday Mass of the Lord's Supper, and it also is found in current Anglican and Lutheran hymnals.
In the second typical edition (1975) of the current Roman Missal, the antiphonal response was altered to read "Ubi caritas est vera, Deus ibi est," after certain very early manuscripts. This translates as: "Where charity is true, God is there."
Contents
1 Contemporary versions
2 Text
3 Music
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Contemporary versions[edit]
In 1960, a translation, "Where Charity and Love Prevail", was copyrighted, set to the hymn tune CHRISTIAN LOVE in common metre;[1] Dom Paul Benoit, OSB adapted this tune[2] from the chant tune for Veni redemptor gentium. The Taizé chant by Jacques Berthier (1978) uses only the words of the refrain, with verses taken from I Corinthians 13:2-8. Maurice Duruflé's choral setting makes use of the Gregorian melody, using only the words of the refrain and the first stanza. Paul Halley combined phrases of the original chant melody sung in Latin with other songs in the track Ubi caritas on his 1991 album Angel on a Stone Wall.
More recent versions of the hymn for choir have been composed by David Conte, Stephen DeCesare, Ola Gjeilo, and University of Aberdeen professor Paul Mealor. Mealor's setting, entitled "Ubi Caritas et Amor," was included in the ceremony at the 2011 Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton.[3][4]
Text[edit]
Latin text
English translation
French translation
Italian translation
Ubi caritas et amor, Deus ibi est.
Congregavit nos in unum Christi amor.
Exsultemus, et in ipso jucundemur.
Timeamus, et amemus Deum vivum.
Et ex corde diligamus nos sincero.
Ubi caritas et amor, Deus ibi est.
Simul ergo cum in unum congregamur:
Ne nos mente dividamur, caveamus.
Cessent iurgia maligna, cessent lites.
Et in medio nostri sit Christus Deus.
Ubi caritas et amor, Deus ibi est.
Simul quoque cum beatis videamus,
Glorianter vultum tuum, Christe Deus:
Gaudium quod est immensum, atque probum,
Saecula per infinita saeculorum. Amen.
Where charity and love are, God is there.
Christ's love has gathered us into one.
Let us rejoice and be pleased in Him.
Let us fear, and let us love the living God.
And may we love each other with a sincere heart.
Where charity and love are, God is there.
As we are gathered into one body,
Beware, lest we be divided in mind.
Let evil impulses stop, let controversy cease,
And may Christ our God be in our midst.
Where charity and love are, God is there.
And may we with the saints also,
See Thy face in glory, O Christ our God:
The joy that is immense and good,
Unto the ages through infinite ages. Amen.
Là où sont la charité et l'amour, Dieu est présent.
L'amour du Christ nous a rassemblés et nous sommes un.
Exultons et réjouissons-nous en lui.
Craignons et aimons le Dieu vivant
et aimons-nous les un aux autres d'un coeur sincère.
Là où sont la charité et l'amour, Dieu est présent.
Ne formons donc tous qu'un seul corps :
Ne soyons pas divisés de cœur, prenons garde.
Cessent les querelles méchantes, cessent les disputes.
Et que le Christ soit au milieu de nous.
Là où sont la charité et l'amour, Dieu est présent.
Qu'avec les bienheureux, nous voyions
Votre glorieux visage, ô Christ Dieu,
Joie immense et divine;
Pendant la durée infinie des siècles.
Ainsi soit-il.
Dov'è carità e amore, lì c'è Dio.
L'amore di Cristo ci ha riuniti in uno solo.
Esultiamo e in Lui gioiamo.
Temiamo e amiamo il Dio vivente.
E con cuore sincero amiamoci gli uni gli altri.
Dov'è carità e amore, lì c'è Dio.
Siamo quindi riuniti in uno solo:
Non dividiamo i nostri cuori.
Cessino le dispute maligne, cessino le liti.
E in mezzo a noi ci sia Cristo nostro Dio.
Dov'è carità e amore, lì c'è Dio.
Fa che noi vediamo con i beati
la gloria del tuo volto, oh Cristo nostro Dio:
Gioia immensa e divina,
Per tutti i secoli dei secoli. Amen.
German translation
Slovak translation
Spanish translation
Danish translation
Wo Liebe und Güte sind, da ist Gott.
Die Liebe Christi hat uns als eins versammelt.
Lasst uns freuen und fröhlich in ihm sein.
Lasst uns fürchten und lieben den lebendigen Gott.
Lasst uns einander aufrichtig von Herzen lieben.
Wo Liebe und Güte sind, da ist Gott.
Da wir also zugleich zu einem versammelt sind:
Nehmen wir uns in acht, dass wir nicht im Geiste getrennt werden.
Üble Zänkereien mögen aufhören, die Streitigkeiten (mögen) nachlassen.
Und in der Mitte von uns sei (der) Gott Christus.
Wo Güte und Liebe sind, da ist Gott.
Dass auch wir mit den Seligen schauen
dein Angesicht in Herrlichkeit, Christus Gott:
Die Freude, die übergroße und gute,
in nie endender Ewigkeit. Amen.
Kde je láska opravdivá, tam Boh prebýva.
Láska Kristova nás zhromažďuje k stolu.
V ňom sa všetci tešme, radujme sa spolu.
Vrúcne ctime Boha, nech je puto tuhšie.
Milujme sa bratsky z otvorenej duše.
Kde je láska opravdivá, tam Boh prebýva.
Keď nás teda láska spája pri oltári,
Hľaďme, by nás nikdy nedelili sváry.
Nech sa od nás vzdialia nezhody a spory,
Medzi nami Kristus večné bratstvo tvorí.
Kde je láska opravdivá, tam Boh prebýva.
Kriste, Bože, daj nám s blaženými raja,
Obdivovať krásu tvojho obličaja.
Ty, náš nesmierny zdroj čistej blaženosti,
ktorá klíči v čase, zreje vo večnosti.Amen.
Donde hay caridad y amor, allí está Dios
El amor de Cristo nos ha congregado y unido.
Alegrémonos y deleitémonos en El.
Temamos y amemos al Dios vivo.
Con sincero corazón amémonos unos a otros.
Donde hay caridad y amor, allí está Dios
Estando congregados y unidos,
cuidémonos de estar desunidos en espíritu.
Cesen las malignas rencillas, cesen los disgustos.
Y Cristo nuestro Dios reine entre nosotros
Donde hay caridad y amor, allí está Dios
Ojalá junto con los bienaventurados veamos
también tu rostro en la gloria ¡oh Cristo Dios nuestro!
Este será el gozo santo e inefable
por los siglos infinitos. Amén
Hvor barmhjertighed og kærlighed er, Gud er der.
Kristi kærlighed har samlet os i én.
Lad os juble og være glad i ham.
Lad os frygte, og lad os elske den levende Gud.
Og må vi elske hinanden med et oprigtigt hjerte.
Hvor barmhjertighed og kærlighed er, Gud er der.
Da vi er samlet i et legeme,
Pas på, at vi ikke opdeles i tankerne.
Lad onde impulser stoppe, lad kontrovers ophøre,
Og må Kristus vor Gud være i vores midte.
Hvor barmhjertighed og kærlighed er, Gud er der.
Og må vi med de hellige også,
Se Thy ansigt i herlighed, o Kristus vor Gud:
Den glæde, som er enorm og god,
Unto tiderne gennem uendelige aldre. Amen.
Music[edit]
Maurice Duruflé set the prayer in Latin as No. 1 of his Quatre Motets sur des thèmes grégoriens.
See also[edit]
"Where Love Is, God Is", the story by Tolstoy
References[edit]
Jump up ^ ¡Celebremos!/Let Us Celebrate! April 27 to August 9, 2014, Franklin Park, IL: World Library Publications, Hymn 203, p. 259.
Jump up ^ People's Mass Book (1970), Cincinnati, OH: World Library Publications, Hymn 121, p. 140, trans., Omer Westendorf (1916-1997), under pen name "J. Clifford Evers."
Jump up ^ "Composer's delight at inclusion of his music service". The Herald (Scotland). April 29, 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Paul Mealor to be performed at Royal Wedding". Univ. of York Music Press. 27 April 2011. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 29 April 2011.
External links[edit]
Ubi caritas lyrics
free settings at CPDL
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ubi_caritas&oldid=850200798"
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