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Emirates Stadium
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Emirates Stadium
View of the North Bank stand
UEFA
Location
Holloway, London, N7, England
Coordinates
51°33′18″N 0°6′31″W / 51.55500°N 0.10861°W / 51.55500; -0.10861Coordinates: 51°33′18″N 0°6′31″W / 51.55500°N 0.10861°W / 51.55500; -0.10861
Public transit
Arsenal
Owner
Arsenal Holdings plc
Operator
Arsenal Holdings plc
Executive suites
152
Capacity
60,432[1]
Record attendance
60,161 (Arsenal vs Manchester United, 3 November 2007)
Field size
105 by 68 metres (114.8 yd × 74.4 yd)
Surface
GrassMaster
Construction
Broke ground
February 2004
Opened
22 July 2006
Construction cost
£390 million[2]
Architect
Populous[3]
Structural engineer
Buro Happold
Services engineer
Buro Happold
General contractor
Sir Robert McAlpine
Tenants
Arsenal (2006–present)
The Emirates Stadium (known as Ashburton Grove prior to sponsorship, and as Arsenal Stadium for UEFA competitions) is a football stadium in Holloway, London, England, and the home of Arsenal Football Club. With a capacity of over 60,000, it is the third-largest football stadium in England after Wembley Stadium and Old Trafford.
In 1997, Arsenal explored the possibility of relocating to a new stadium, having been denied planning permission by Islington Council to expand its home ground of Highbury. After considering various options (including purchasing Wembley Stadium), the club bought an industrial and waste disposal estate in Ashburton Grove in 2000. A year later, they received the council's approval to build a stadium on the site; manager Arsène Wenger described this as the "biggest decision in Arsenal's history" since the board appointed Herbert Chapman.[4] Relocation began in 2002, but financial difficulties delayed work until February 2004. Emirates was later announced as the main sponsor for the stadium. The entire stadium project was completed in 2006 at a cost of £390 million.[2] The club's former stadium was redeveloped as Highbury Square for an additional £130 million.[5][6]
The stadium has undergone a process of "Arsenalisation" since 2009 with the aim of restoring Arsenal's heritage and history. The ground has hosted international fixtures and music concerts.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Background
1.2 Site selection and development proposals
1.3 Finance and naming
1.4 Construction and opening
1.5 Loan repayments
1.6 Arsenalisation
2 Structure and facilities
3 Future
4 Other uses
4.1 International football matches
5 Records
6 Transport and access
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Background[edit]
Wembley Stadium was one of the sites Arsenal considered relocating to.
Spectator safety at football grounds was a major concern for clubs and governing bodies during the 1980s. In May 1985, a fire engulfed Valley Parade, claiming the lives of 56 football fans.[7] Rioting between Liverpool and Juventus supporters during the 1985 European Cup Final led to 39 fatalities and 600 injured in what became known as the Heysel Stadium disaster.[8] In April 1989, 96 Liverpool supporters died in Britain's worst sporting tragedy – the Hillsbrough disaster – because of South Yorkshire Police's failure to control crowds.[9] An inquest was immediately launched into the human crush and crowd safety at sports grounds.[10] Led by Lord Taylor of Gosforth, the Taylor Report was finalised in January 1990 and recommended the removal of terraces (standing areas) in favour of seating.[11]
Under the amended Football Spectators Act 1989, it became compulsory for first and second tier English clubs to have their stadia all-seated in time for the 1994–95 season.[12] Arsenal, like many other clubs, experienced difficulty raising income for converted terraced areas.[13] At the end of the 1990–91 season, the club introduced a bond scheme which offered supporters the right to purchase a season ticket at its renovated North Bank stand of Highbury.[13] The board felt this was the only viable option after considering other proposals; they did not want to compromise on traditions nor curb manager George Graham's transfer dealings.[14] At a price of between £1,000 to £1,500, the 150-year bond was criticised by supporters, who argued it potentially blocked the participation of those less well-off from supporting Arsenal.[15] A campaign directed by the Independent Arsenal Supporters' Association brought relative success as only a third of all bonds were sold.[16]
The North Bank was the final stand to be refurbished. It opened in August 1993 at a cost of £20 million.[17] The rework significantly reduced the stadium's capacity, from 57,000 at the beginning of the decade to under 40,000.[18] High ticket prices to serve the club's existing debts and low attendance figures forced Arsenal to explore the possibility of building a larger stadium in 1997. The club wanted to attract an evergrowing fanbase and financially compete with the biggest clubs in England.[18][19] By comparison, Manchester United enjoyed a rise in gate receipts; the club went from £43.9 million in 1994 to £87.9 million in 1997 because of Old Trafford's expansion.[20]
Arsenal's initial proposal to rebuild Highbury was met with disapproval from local residents, as it required the demolition of 25 neighbouring houses.[21] It later became problematic once the East Stand of the stadium was granted Grade II listing in July 1997.[22] After much consultation, the club abandoned its plan, deciding a capacity of 48,000 was not large enough.[23] Arsenal then investigated the possibility of relocating to Wembley Stadium and in March 1998 made an official bid to purchase the ground.[24][25] The Football Association (FA) and the English National Stadium Trust opposed Arsenal's offer, claiming it harmed England's bid for the 2006 FIFA World Cup, which FIFA itself denied.[25] In April 1998, Arsenal withdrew its bid and Wembley was purchased by the English National Stadium Trust.[26] The club however was given permission to host its UEFA Champions League home ties at Wembley for the 1998–99 and 1999–2000 seasons.[27][28] Although Arsenal's time in the competition was brief, twice exiting the group stages, the club set its record home attendance (73,707 against Lens) and earned record gate income in the 1998–99 season, highlighting potential profitability.[29]
Site selection and development proposals[edit]
In November 1999, Arsenal examined the feasibility of building a new stadium in Ashburton Grove.[23] Anthony Spencer, estate agent and club property adviser, recommended the area to director Danny Fiszman and vice-chairman David Dein having scoured over North London for potential areas.[23][30] The land, 500 yards (460 m) from Highbury was composed of a rubbish processing plant and industrial estate, 80% owned by the Islington Council, Railtrack and Sainsbury's.[30] After passing the first significant milestone at Islington Council's planning committee, Arsenal submitted a planning application for a new-build 60,000 seater stadium in November 2000.[23][31] This included a redevelopment project at Drayton Park, converting the existing ground Highbury to flats and building a new waste station in Lough Road.[23] As part of the scheme, Arsenal intended to create 1,800 new jobs for the community and 2,300 new homes.[32][33] Improvements to three railway stations, Holloway Road, Drayton Park and Finsbury Park, were included to cope with the increased capacity requirements from matchday crowds.[33]
A board displaying the acquisition of the Ashburton Grove site for the stadium development.
Islington Stadium Communities Alliance (ISCA) – an alliance of 16 groups representing local residents and businesses, was set up in January 2000 as a body against the redevelopment.[34] Alison Carmichael, a spokeswoman for the group, said of the move, "It may look like Arsenal are doing great things for the area, but in its detail the plan is awful. We blame the council; the football club just wants to expand to make more money."[35] Tom Lamb, an ISCA member, was concerned about as air pollution and growing traffic, adding "that is a consequence which most Arsenal fans would never see, because they are in Islington only for about thirty days a year."[31]
Seven months after the planning application was submitted, a poll showed that 75% of respondents (2,133 residents) were against the scheme.[35] By October 2001, the club asserted that a poll of Islington residents found that 70% were in favour,[36] and received the backing from the then Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone.[37] The club launched a campaign to aid the project in the run up to Christmas and planted the slogan "Let Arsenal support Islington" on advertising hoardings and in the backdrop of manager Arsène Wenger's press conferences.[38][39][40]
Islington Council approved Arsenal's planning application on 10 December 2001, voting in favour of the Ashburton Grove development.[41] The council also consented to the transfer of the existing waste recycling plant in Ashburton Grove to Lough Road.[41] Livingstone approved of the plans a month later,[42] and it was then motioned to then-Transport Secretary Stephen Byers, who initially delayed making a final decision. He had considered whether to refer the scheme to a public inquiry, but eventually decided not to.[43][44] Planning permission was granted by Islington Council in May 2002,[45] but local residents and ISCA launched a late challenge to the High Court, citing the plans were against the law.[46] Duncan Ouseley dismissed the case in July 2002, paving the way for Arsenal to start work.[47]
The club succeeded in a further legal challenge bought by small firms in January 2005 as the High Court upheld a decision by then-Deputy Prime Minister John Prescott to grant a compulsory purchase order in support of the scheme.[48] The stadium later became issue in the local elections in May 2006. The Metropolitan Police restricted supporters' coaches to being parked in the nearby Sobel Sports Centre rather than in the underground stadium car park, and restricted access to 14 streets on match days. These police restrictions were conditions of the stadiums' health and safety certificate which the stadium requires to operate and open. The road closures were passed at a council meeting in July 2005.[49]
Finance and naming[edit]
Securing finance for the stadium project proved a challenge as Arsenal received no public subsidy from the government. Whereas Wenger claimed French clubs "pay nothing at all for their stadium, nothing at all for their maintenance," and "Bayern Munich paid one euro for their ground," Arsenal were required to buy the site outright in one of London's most expensive areas.[50][51] The club therefore sought other ways of generating income, such as making a profit on player trading. Arsenal recouped over £50 million from transfers involving Nicolas Anelka to Real Madrid, and Marc Overmars and Emmanuel Petit to Barcelona.[52] The transfer of Anelka partly funded the club's new training ground, in London Colney, which opened in October 1999.[53]
Arsenal organised another bond scheme in order to generate funds for the new stadium and redevelopment of Highbury.
The club also agreed new sponsorship deals; in September 2000, Granada Media Group purchased a 5% stake in Arsenal for £47 million.[54] As part of the acquisition, Granada became the premier media agent for Arsenal, handling advertising, sponsorship, merchandising, publishing and licensing agreements.[54] The club's managing director Keith Edelman confirmed in a statement that the investment would be used directly to fund for the new stadium.[54] The collapse of ITV Digital (part-owned by Granada) in April 2002 coincided with news that the company was tied in to pay £30 million once arrangements for the new stadium were finalised.[55][56]
In September 2002, Arsenal formulated plans to reduce its players' wage bill after making a pre-tax loss of £22.3 million for the 2001–02 financial year.[57] The club appointed N M Rothschild & Sons to examine its financial situation and advise whether it was feasible for construction to press ahead at the end of March 2003.[58] Although Arsenal secured a £260 million loan from a group of banks led by the Royal Bank of Scotland, the club suspended work on Ashburton Grove in April 2003, saying, "We have experienced a number of delays in arrangements for our new stadium project in recent months across a range of issues. The impact of these delays is that we will now be unable to deliver a stadium opening for the start of the 2005–06 season."[55][59] The cost of building the stadium, forecasted at £400 million, had risen by £100 million during that period.[60]
Throughout the summer of 2003, Arsenal gave fans the opportunity to register their interest in a relaunched bond scheme.[61] The club planned to issue 3,000 bonds for between £3,500 and £5,000 each for a season ticket at Highbury, then at Ashburton Grove.[55] Supporters reacted negatively to the news; AISA chairman Steven Powell said in a statement: "We are disappointed that the club has not consulted supporters before announcing a new bond scheme."[62] Though Arsenal never stated how many bonds were sold, they did raise several million pounds through the scheme.[55] The club also extended its contract with sportswear provider Nike, in a deal worth £55 million over seven years.[63] Nike paid a minimum of £1 million each year as a royalty payment, contingent on sales.[64]
Funding for the stadium was secured in February 2004.[65] Later in the year Emirates bought naming rights for the stadium, in a 15-year deal estimated at £100 million.[66] The stadium name is colloquially shortened from "Emirates Stadium" to "The Emirates", although some supporters continue to use the former name "Ashburton Grove" or even "The Grove", particularly those who object to the concept of corporate sponsorship of stadium names.[67] Due to UEFA regulations on stadium sponsors, the ground is referred to as Arsenal Stadium for European matches, which was the official name of Highbury.[68] Emirates and Arsenal agreed a new deal worth £150 million in November 2012, and naming rights were extended to 2028 as part of the deal.[69]
Construction and opening[edit]
Actual construction of the stadium began once Arsenal secured funding. The club appointed Sir Robert McAlpine in January 2002 to carry out building work and the stadium was designed by HOK Sport (now Populous), who were the architects for Stadium Australia and the redevelopment of Ascot Racecourse.[70] Construction consultants Arcadis and engineering firm Buro Happold were also involved in the process.[71][72]
The Emirates Stadium under construction in May 2005
The first phase of demolition was completed in March 2004, and two months later, stand piling on the West, East and North stands had been concluded.[73] Two bridges over the Northern City railway line connecting the stadium to Drayton Park were also built; these were completed in August 2004.[73] The stadium topped out in August 2005 and external glazing, power and water tank installation was completed by December 2005.[73] The first seat in the new stadium was ceremonially installed on 13 March 2006 by Arsenal midfielder Abou Diaby.[74] DD GrassMaster was selected as the pitch installer and Hewitt Sportsturf was contracted to design and construct the playing field.[75] Floodlights were successfully tested for the first time on 25 June 2006, and a day later, the goalposts were erected.[76]
In order to obtain the licences needed to open, the Emirates Stadium hosted three non-full capacity events. The first "ramp-up" event was a shareholder open day on 18 July 2006, the second an open training session for 20,000 selected club members held two days later.[77][78] The third event was Dennis Bergkamp's testimonial match against Ajax on 22 July 2006.[79] The Emirates Stadium was officially opened by Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh on 26 October 2006; his wife Queen Elizabeth II had suffered a back injury and was unable to carry out her duty.[80] Prince Philip quipped to the crowd, "Well, you may not have my wife, but you've got the second-most experienced plaque unveiler in the world."[81] The royal visit echoed the attendance of the Queen's uncle, the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII) at the official opening of Highbury's West Stand in 1932.[82] As a result of the change of plan, the Queen extended to the club the honour of inviting the chairman, manager and first team to join her for afternoon tea at Buckingham Palace. Held on on 15 February 2007, the engagement marked the first time a football club had been invited to the palace for such an event.[83]
Loan repayments[edit]
Interest on the £260 million debt was set at a commercial fixed rate over a 14-year period.[84] To refinance the cost, Arsenal planned to convert the money into a 30-year bond financed by banks.[85] The proposed bond issue went ahead in July 2006. Arsenal issued £210 million worth of 13.5-year bonds with a spread of 52 basis points over government bonds and £50 million of 7.1-year bonds with a spread of 22 basis points over LIBOR. It was the first publicly marketed, asset-backed bond issue by a European football club.[86] The effective interest rate on these bonds is 5.14% and 5.97%, respectively, and are due to be paid back over a 25-year period; the move to bonds has reduced the club's annual debt service cost to approximately £20 million a year.[87] In September 2010, Arsenal announced that the Highbury Square development – one of the main sources of income to reduce the stadium debt – was now debt free and making revenue.[88]
When Arsenal moved to the Emirates Stadium, the club prioritised repaying the loans over strengthening the playing squad.[89] Arsenal's self-sustaining model relied heavily on qualifying for the UEFA Champions League; as Wenger recalled in 2016: "We had to be three years in the Champions League out of five and have an average of 54,000 people, and we didn’t know we would be capable of that."[90] The club sold several experienced players throughout the late 2000s and early 2010s and raised ticket prices, upsetting supporters who have called for change. Wenger took umbrage over criticism and revealed the bank loans were contingent on his commitment to the club: "The banks wanted the technical consistency to guarantee that we have a chance to pay [them] back. I did commit and I stayed and under very difficult circumstances. So for me to come back and on top of that [critics] reproach me for not having won the championship during that period it is a bit overboard."[91] Wenger later described the stadium move as the toughest period of his life because of the restricted finances in place.[51]
Arsenalisation[edit]
One of the murals installed on the stadium as a result of the Arsenalisation project.
In August 2009, Arsenal began a programme of "Arsenalisation" of the Emirates Stadium after listening to feedback from supporters in a forum.[92] The intention was to turn the stadium into a "visible stronghold of all things Arsenal through a variety of artistic and creative means", led by Arsenal chief executive Ivan Gazidis.[93]
Among the first changes were white seats installed in the pattern of the club's trademark cannon, located in the lower level stands opposite the entrance tunnel.[93] "The Spirit of Highbury", a shrine depicting every player to have played for Arsenal during its 93-year residence, was erected in late 2009 outside the stadium at the south end.[94] Eight large murals on the exterior of the stadium were installed, each depicting four Arsenal legends linking arms, such that the effect of the completed design is 32 legends in a huddle embracing the stadium:[95]
Ian Wright George Armstrong David Jack Martin Keown
Cliff Bastin Tony Adams Liam Brady Thierry Henry
David Seaman Ted Drake David Rocastle Alex James
Patrick Vieira Reg Lewis Lee Dixon Joe Mercer
Dennis Bergkamp Bob Wilson Eddie Hapgood Charlie George
Nigel Winterburn David Danskin Kenny Sansom Jack Kelsey
Robert Pirès John Radford David O'Leary George Male
Ray Parlour Frank McLintock Steve Bould Pat Rice
Around the lower concourse of the stadium are additional murals depicting 12 "greatest moments" in Arsenal history, voted for by a poll on the club's website.[93] Prior to the start of the 2010–11 season, Arsenal renamed the coloured seating quadrants of the ground as the East Stand, West Stand, North Bank, and Clock End.[96] Akin to Highbury, this involved the installation of a clock above the newly renamed Clock End which was unveiled in a league match against Blackpool.[97] In April 2011, Arsenal renamed two bridges near the stadium in honour of club directors Ken Friar and Danny Fiszman.[98] As part of the club's 125 anniversary celebrations in December 2011, Arsenal unveiled three statues of former captain Tony Adams, record goalscorer Thierry Henry and manager Herbert Chapman outside of the stadium.[99] Before Arsenal's match against Sunderland in February 2014, the club unveiled a statue of former striker Dennis Bergkamp, outside the west stand of Emirates Stadium.[100]
Banners and flags, often designed by supporters group REDaction, are hung around the ground. A large "49" flag, representing the run of 49 unbeaten league games, is passed around the lower tier before kick off.
Structure and facilities[edit]
An aerial view of the Emirates Stadium and surrounding area. Arsenal's former stadium Highbury, which has since been redeveloped into Highbury Square is visible.
Described as "beautiful" and "intimidating" by architect Christopher Lee of Populous,[101] the Emirates Stadium is a four-tiered bowl with translucent polycarbonate roofing over the stands, but not over the pitch.[102] The underside is clad with metallic panels and the roof is supported by four triangular trusses, made of welded tubular steel.[102] Two trusses span 200 metres (660 ft) in a north–south direction while a further two span an east–west direction.[102] The trusses are supported by the stadium's vertical concrete cores, eight of which connected to them by steel tripods. They in turn each house four stairways, a passenger lift as well as service access.[102] Façades are either glazed or woven between the cores which allows visitors on the podium to see inside the stadium.[102] The glass and steel construction was devised by Populous to give an impression that the stadium sparkles in sunlight and glows in the night.[102]
The upper and lower parts of the stadium feature standard seating. The stadium has two levels below ground that house its support facilities such as commercial kitchens, changing rooms and press and education centres.[102] The main middle tier, known as the "Club Level", is premium priced and also includes the director's box. There are 7,139 seats at this level, which are sold on licences lasting from one to four years. Immediately above the club tier there is a small circle consisting of 150 boxes of 10, 12 and 15 seats. The total number of spectators at this level is 2,222. The high demand for tickets, as well as the relative wealth of their London fans, means revenue from premium seating and corporate boxes is nearly as high as the revenue from the entire stadium at Highbury.[103]
Cannons positioned outside the stadium.
The upper tier is contoured to leave open space in the corners of the ground, and the roof is significantly canted inwards. Both of these features are meant to provide as much airflow and sunlight to the pitch as possible.[104] The stadium gives an illusion that supporters in the upper tier on one side of the ground are unable to see supporters in the upper tier opposite.[102] As part of a deal with Sony, the stadium was the first in the world to incorporate HDTV streaming.[105] In the north-west and south-east corners of the stadium are two giant screens suspended from the roof.
The pitch is 105 by 68 metres (115 by 74 yd) in size and the total grass area at Emirates is 113 by 76 metres (124 by 83 yd).[104] Like Highbury, it runs north–south, with the players' tunnel and the dugouts on the west side of the pitch underneath the main TV camera. The away fans are found in the south-east corner of the lower tier. The away supporter configuration can be expanded from 1,500 seats to 4,500 seats behind the south goal in the lower tier, and a further 4,500 seats can be made available also in the upper tier, bringing the total to 9,000 supporters (the regulation 15% required for domestic cup competitions such as the FA Cup and EFL Cup).[106]
The Emirates Stadium pays tribute to Arsenal's former home, Highbury. The club's offices are officially called Highbury House, located north-east of Emirates Stadium, and house the bust of Herbert Chapman that used to reside at Highbury. Three other busts that used to reside at Highbury of Claude Ferrier (architect of Highbury's East stand), Denis Hill-Wood (former Arsenal chairman) and manager Arsène Wenger have also been moved to Emirates Stadium and are in display in the entrance of the Diamond Club.[107] Additionally, the two bridges over the railway line to the east of the stadium, connecting the stadium to Drayton Park, are called the Clock End and North Bank bridges, after the stands at Highbury; the clock that gave its name to the old Clock End has been resited on the new clock end which features a newer, larger replica of the clock. The Arsenal club museum, which was formerly held in the North Bank Stand, opened in October 2006 and is located to the north of the stadium, within the Northern Triangle building. It houses the marble statues that were once held in the marble halls of Highbury.[108]
A panorama of players warming up from the east side
Future[edit]
As of 2008, Arsenal's season ticket waiting list stood at 40,000 people.[109] The potential for expanding the stadium is a common topic within fan debate. Potential expansion methods include, make seats smaller,[citation needed] filling in the dips in the corners of the stadium though this would block airflow,[citation needed] and replacing the roof with a third level and building a new roof.[citation needed] There has also been discussion on the implementation of safe standing.[110]
Other uses[edit]
Concerts at Emirates
Summer
Artist
2008 Bruce Springsteen
2009 Capital FM's Summertime Ball
2012 Coldplay
2013 Muse, Green Day
Aside from sporting uses, the Emirates Stadium operates as a conference centre.[111] On 27 March 2008, it played host to a summit between British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and French President Nicolas Sarkozy, in part because the stadium was regarded as "a shining example of Anglo–French co-operation".[112] The stadium has been used as a location for the audition stage of reality shows The X Factor,[113] Britain's Got Talent[114] and Big Brother.[115] In 2016, the Emirates was a venue for Celebrity Masterchef, where contestants prepare meals for club staff members.[116]
Aside from sporting uses, the Emirates has been used as a music venue which increases the maximum capacity to 72,000.[117] Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band became the first band to play a concert at the stadium on 30 May 2008.[118] They played a second gig the following night.[118] British band Coldplay played three concerts at the Emirates in the June 2012, having sold out the first two dates within 30 minutes of going on sale. They were the first band to sell out the stadium for music purposes. Green Day set an gig attendance record when performing at the Emirates in June 2013.[119]
International football matches[edit]
The stadium has also been used for a number of international friendly matches all of which have featured the Brazil national football team. The first match was against Argentina on 3 September 2006 which ended in a 3–0 victory for Brazil.[120]
Brazil v Argentina
3 September 2006 Brazil 3–0 Argentina
[show]London
16:00 BST Elano 3', 67'
Kaká 89' Report Stadium: Emirates Stadium[120]
Attendance: 59,032
Referee: Steve Bennett (England)

Brazil v Portugal
5 February 2007 Brazil 0–2 Portugal
[show]London
20:00 GMT Report Simão 82'
Carvalho 90' Stadium: Emirates Stadium[121]
Attendance: 59,793
Referee: Martin Atkinson (England)

Brazil v Sweden
26 March 2008 Brazil 1–0 Sweden
[show]London
19:45 GMT Pato 72' Report Stadium: Emirates Stadium[122]
Attendance: 60,021
Referee: Mike Riley (England)

Brazil v Italy
9 February 2009 Brazil 2–0 Italy
[show]London
19:45 GMT Elano 13'
Robinho 27' Report Stadium: Emirates Stadium[123]
Attendance: 60,077
Referee: Howard Webb (England)

Brazil v Republic of Ireland
2 March 2010 Brazil 2–0 Republic of Ireland
[show]London
20:05 GMT Andrews 44' (o.g.)
Robinho 76' Report Stadium: Emirates Stadium[124]
Attendance: 40,082
Referee: Mike Dean (England)

Brazil v Scotland
27 March 2011 Brazil 2–0 Scotland
[show]London
14:00 GMT Neymar 42', 77' (pen.) Report Stadium: Emirates Stadium[125]
Attendance: 53,087
Referee: Howard Webb (England)

Brazil v Chile
29 March 2015 Brazil 1–0 Chile
[show]London
15:00 GMT Firmino 73' Stadium: Emirates Stadium[126]

Records[edit]
It is difficult to get accurate attendance figures as Arsenal do not release these, but choose to use tickets sold.[127] For the 2016-17 season, the reported average home league attendance was 59,957.[128] The highest attendance for an Arsenal match at Emirates Stadium as of 2012 is 60,161, for a 2–2 draw with Manchester United on 3 November 2007.[129] The average attendance for competitive first-team fixtures in the stadium's first season, 2006–07, was 59,837, with a Premier League average attendance of 60,045.[130] The Record for the most away fans that have attended the Emirates Stadium was 9,000, set by Plymouth Argyle, where Arsenal won 3–1 in the FA Cup 3rd round in 2009. The lowest attendance[citation needed] for an Arsenal match at Emirates Stadium as of 2012 is 46,539 against Shrewsbury Town in the Football League Cup third round on 20 September 2011, where Arsenal won 3–1.[131] The first player to score in a league game at the Emirates Stadium was Aston Villa's Olof Mellberg after 53 minutes. The first Arsenal player to score at the Emirates Stadium was midfielder Gilberto Silva.
Transport and access[edit]
A map of the Emirates Stadium and surrounding connections
The Emirates Stadium is served by a number of London Underground stations and bus routes. Arsenal tube station is the closest for the northern portion of the stadium, with Highbury & Islington tube station servicing the southern end.[132] While Holloway Road tube station is the closest to the southern portion, it is entry-only before matches and exit-only afterwards to prevent overcrowding. Drayton Park station, adjacent to the Clock End Bridge is shut on matchdays as the rail services to this station do not operate at weekends nor after 10 pm.[133] £7.6 million was set aside in the planning permission for upgrading Drayton Park and Holloway Road; however Transport for London decided not to upgrade either station, in favour of improvement works at the interchanges at Highbury & Islington and Finsbury Park, both of which are served by Underground and National Rail services and are approximately a ten-minute walk away. The Emirates Stadium is the only football stadium that stands beside the East Coast Main Line between London and Edinburgh and is just over 2 miles from London King's Cross.[134]
Driving to the Emirates Stadium is strongly discouraged as there are strict matchday parking restrictions in operation around the stadium.[132] An hour before kick-off to one hour after the final whistle there is a complete ban on vehicle movement on a number of the surrounding roads, except for Islington residents and businesses with a road closure access permit.[135] The parking restrictions mean that the stadium is highly dependent on the Underground service, particularly when there is no overground service in operation.[136] Industrial action forced Arsenal to reschedule the match for the following month.[136]
The stadium opens to ticket holders two hours before kick-off.[137] The main club shop, named 'The Armoury', and ticket offices are located near the West Stand, with other an additional store at the base of the North Bank Bridge, named 'All Arsenal' and the 'Arsenal Store' next to Finsbury Park station.[138] Arsenal operates an electronic ticketing system where members of 'The Arsenal' (the club's fan membership scheme) use their membership cards to enter the stadium, thus removing the need for turnstile operators. Non-members are issued with one-off paper tickets embedded with an RFID tag allowing them to enter the stadium.
References[edit]
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Conn, David (2005). The Beautiful Game?: Searching for the Soul of Football. London: Random House. ISBN 1-4464-2042-6.
Glinert, Ed (2009). The London Football Companion: A Site-by-site Celebration of the Capital's Favourite Sport. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 0-7475-9516-X.
Spurling, Jon (2010). Highbury: The Story of Arsenal In, Issue 5. London: Hachette. ISBN 1-4091-0579-2.
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The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World
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"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World"
name
Spanish: El ahogado más hermoso del mundo other names
1968 published
short story type
Gabriel García Márquez. author
"The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World" (Spanish: El ahogado más hermoso del mundo) is a 1968 short story by Gabriel García Márquez.
Plot[edit]
One Wednesday morning, children in a small fishing village of "about twenty-odd wooden houses" find a body on the beach that is covered with "flotsam" and sea debris. The children play by burying him in the sand until the adults discover the corpse and decide that it must be given a small funeral and thrown off the cliff on which their village rests. This is done because there is so little land in the village that they cannot have traditional burials. In order to do so, however, they must prepare him for burial at sea and look in neighboring villages for any surviving relatives. The men carry the body up to the village so that the women can prepare him for the funeral while they go to neighboring villages to ask if anyone can identify the drowned man.
The man is too tall to fit easily into any house and, upon removing the seaweed and mud, the women observe his handsome face. The women of the village become attached to him and dream of the wonderful man he must have been. Eventually, an old woman declares that his name must have been Esteban, and after a short period of resistance from some of the younger women, they all agree. After dreaming of how powerful Esteban must have been they decide to make him clothes because no one owns anything large enough to fit him. The pants they make are too small and the buttons on the shirt burst. The women then think about how he must have had to stoop to enter doorways and how he must have felt uncomfortable in the small homes. The women feel pity and sympathy for the man, who they silently compare to their own husbands, and they begin to weep for him. They then cover Esteban's face with a handkerchief.
The men are unable to find any relatives of the drowned man and they return home, where the village continues the funeral preparation as a group. The women, now attached to Esteban, place "altar decorations" on him, including a compass, holy water, and nails. The men grow annoyed and chide their wives for taking such elaborate measures for "a stranger" . Esteban's face is then revealed to the men and they too are awed by the humble character they see in his face. Women go to get flowers in neighboring villages, since none grow in their own, and women from those villages come back to see Esteban. This continues until the village grows so crowded that it is "hard to walk about." They do not want Esteban buried as an "orphan" so a mother and father are chosen for him "from among the best people," as well as uncles, aunts, and cousins, until everyone is related to Esteban. Instead of burying him with an anchor they let him go without one so that he can return one day. This is when the village realizes how desolate and small their town appears.
After Esteban is buried at sea, the village resolves to make their doors wider for Esteban's memory, to find springs like he would have, to paint their houses bright colors, and to plant flowers. The village imagines that one day a passing cruise ship will smell the flowers and the captain will point to their village and tell his passengers that it was Esteban's home.
External links[edit]
Handsomest Drowned Man in the World short story text

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Works by Gabriel García Márquez
Novels
In Evil Hour
One Hundred Years of Solitude
The Autumn of the Patriarch
Chronicle of a Death Foretold
Love in the Time of Cholera
The General in His Labyrinth
Of Love and Other Demons
Memories of My Melancholy Whores
Short stories
Leaf Storm
No One Writes to the Colonel
Big Mama's Funeral
The Incredible and Sad Tale of Innocent Eréndira and Her Heartless Grandmother
Strange Pilgrims
The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings
Non-fiction
The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor
Clandestine in Chile
News of a Kidnapping
Living to Tell the Tale
Speech
The Solitude of Latin America
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Handsomest_Drowned_Man_in_the_World&oldid=779237567"
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text:
Forest cover by state in India
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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States and union
territories of India
ordered by
Area
Population
Abbreviations
Capitals
Child Nutrition
Crime rate
Electricity penetration
Fertility rate
Forest cover
GDP (per capita)
Highest point
HIV awareness
HDI
Home ownership
Household size
Human Trafficking
Institutional delivery
Life expectancy at birth
Literacy rate
Media exposure
Number of Vehicles
Number of voters
Obesity
Open defecation
Origin of name
Places of worship
Poverty
Power capacity
Safe Drinking Water
Safety of Women
School Enrollment Rate
Sex ratio
Suicides
Tax revenues
TV ownership
Toilet availability
Transport network
Underweight people
Unemployment
Vaccination coverage
v
t
e
The forest cover (in square kilometres) in 2017 in India by state and union territory as published by the Forest Survey of India.[1]
State / UT
Geographical Area
Very dense
Moderately dense
Open forest
Total forest area
% of forested area
% change since 2015
Andhra Pradesh 162,968 1,957 14,051 12,139 28,147 17.27% +1.31%
Arunachal Pradesh 83,743 20,721 30,955 15,288 66,964 79.96% -0.23%
Assam 78,438 2,797 10,192 15,116 28,105 35.83% +0.72%
Bihar 94,163 332 3,260 3,707 7,299 7.75% +0.05%
Chhattisgarh 135,192 7,064 32,215 16,268 55,547 41.09% -0.01%
Delhi 1,483 7 56 129 192 12.97% +0.25%
Goa 3,702 538 576 1,115 2,229 60.21% +0.51%
Gujarat 196,244 378 5,200 9,179 14,757 7.52% +0.02%
Haryana 44,212 28 452 1,108 1,588 3.59% +0.02%
Himachal Pradesh 55,673 3,110 6,705 5,285 15,100 27.12% +0.71%
Jammu & Kashmir 222,236 4,075 8,579 10,587 23,241 10.46% +0.11%
Jharkhand 79,716 2,598 9,686 11,269 23,553 29.55% +0.04%
Karnataka 191,791 4,502 20,444 12,604 37,550 19.58% +0.57%
Kerala 38,852 1,663 9,407 8,251 20,321 52.30% +2.68%
Madhya Pradesh 308,252 6,563 34,571 36,280 77,414 25.11% -0.00%
Maharashtra 307,713 8,736 20,652 21,294 50,682 16.47% -0.01%
Manipur 22,327 908 6,510 9,928 17,346 77.69% +1.18%
Meghalaya 22,429 453 9,386 7,307 17,146 76.76% -0.52%
Mizoram 21,081 131 5,861 12,194 18,186 86.27% -2.52%
Nagaland 16,579 1,279 4,587 6,623 12,489 75.33% -2.71%
Odisha 155,707 6,967 21,370 23,008 51,345 32.98% +0.57%
Punjab 50,362 8 806 1,023 1,837 3.65% +0.13%
Rajasthan 342,239 78 4,340 12,154 16,572 4.84% +0.14%
Sikkim 7,096 1,081 1,575 688 3,344 47.13% -0.13
Tamil Nadu 130,060 3,672 10,979 11,630 26,281 20.21% +0.06%
Telangana 112,077 1,596 8,738 10,085 20,419 18.22% +0.50%
Tripura 10,486 656 5,246 1,824 7,726 73.68% -1.56%
Uttar Pradesh 240,928 2,617 4,069 7,993 14,679 6.09% +0.12%
Uttarakhand 53,483 4,969 12,884 6,442 24,295 45.43% +0.04%
West Bengal 88,752 2,994 4,147 9,706 16,847 18.98% +0.02%
Andaman & Nicobar Islands 8,249 5,678 684 380 6,742 81.73% -0.11%
Chandigarh 114 1 14 6 22 18.91% -0.09%
Dadra & Nagar Haveli 491 0 80 127 207 42.16% +0.20%
Daman & Diu 111 1 6 13 20 18.46% +0.79%
Lakshadweep 30 0 17 10 27 90.33% 0.13%
Puducherry 490 0 18 36 54 10.95% -0.67%
Total
3,287,469
98,158
308,318
301,797
708,273
21.54%
+0.21%
See also[edit]
Forest cover by state or territory in Australia
Forest cover by province or territory in Canada
Forest cover by state in the United States
Forest cover by federal subject in Russia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "India State of Forest Report, Forest Cover 2017" (PDF). Forest Survey of India. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Forest_cover_by_state_in_India&oldid=828348726"
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Forests of India
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