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The Patriot (2000 film)
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The Patriot
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Roland Emmerich
Produced by
Dean Devlin
Mark Gordon
Gary Levinsohn
Written by
Robert Rodat
Starring
Mel Gibson
Heath Ledger
Joely Richardson
Jason Isaacs
Chris Cooper
Tchéky Karyo
René Auberjonois
Tom Wilkinson
Music by
John Williams
Cinematography
Caleb Deschanel
Edited by
David Brenner
Julie Monroe
Production
companies
Centropolis Entertainment
Mutual Film Company
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures
Release date
June 30, 2000 (2000-06-30)
Running time
164 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$110 million[2]
Box office
$215.3 million[2]
The Patriot is a 2000 American epic historical fiction war film directed by Roland Emmerich, written by Robert Rodat, and starring Mel Gibson, Chris Cooper, Heath Ledger, and Jason Isaacs. The film mainly takes place in rural Berkeley County, South Carolina, and depicts the story of an American Colonist, nominally loyal to the British Crown, who is swept into the American Revolutionary War when his family is threatened. Benjamin Martin is a composite figure the scriptwriter claims is based on four factual figures from the American Revolutionary War: Andrew Pickens, Francis Marion, Daniel Morgan, and Thomas Sumter.
The film takes place during the events of the Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War but attracted controversy over its fictional portrayal of historical British figures and atrocities. Professor Mark Glancy, teacher of film history at Queen Mary, University of London has said: "It's horrendously inaccurate and attributes crimes committed by the Nazis in the 1940s to the British in the 1770s."[3] While it is clear that the actions of then-Colonel Banastre Tarleton were certainly despicable, they were nowhere near the atrocities in the film, especially with the infamous "Burning church" scene, of which there is no historical or written record. Australian film critic David Edwards asserts that "this fictional story is set around actual events, but it is not a history of what America was, or even an image of what it has become—it's a dream of what it should be....The Patriot is a grand epic full of action and emotion....But it's also surprisingly insightful in its evaluation of the American ideal—if not the reality."[4] While, as critic Roger Ebert states, "None of it has much to do with the historical reality of the Revolutionary War".[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Script
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Music
4 Reception
4.1 Critical response
4.2 Controversy
4.3 Box office
4.4 Accolades
5 Historical authenticity
5.1 Criticism of Benjamin Martin as based on Francis Marion
5.2 Criticism of Tavington as based on Tarleton
5.3 Depiction of atrocities in the Revolutionary War
5.4 The concept of patriotism
6 Homages
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
During the American Revolution in 1776, Benjamin Martin, a veteran of the French and Indian War and a widower with seven children, is called to Charleston to vote in the South Carolina General Assembly on a levy supporting the Continental Army. Fearing war against Great Britain, Benjamin abstains; the vote is nonetheless passed and, against his father's wishes, Benjamin's eldest son Gabriel joins the Continental Army.
Two years later Charleston falls to the British and a wounded Gabriel returns home carrying dispatches. The Martins care for both British and American wounded from a nearby battle, before British Dragoons, led by the ruthless Colonel William Tavington, arrive, arrest Gabriel, and take captive the African American free men and women who work Benjamin's land. When Benjamin's second son Thomas tries to free Gabriel, he is shot and killed by Tavington, who then orders the Martins' house burned, and wounded Americans executed. After the British leave, Benjamin gives his next two eldest sons rifles, and they ambush the British unit escorting a tied Gabriel. Benjamin skillfully, yet brutally, kills many soldiers with his tomahawk. A British survivor tells Tavington of the attack, earning Benjamin the moniker of the "Ghost". Gabriel decides to rejoin the Continentals and Benjamin soon follows, leaving the younger children in the care of Benjamin's sister-in-law, Charlotte. On their way to the Continental Army's camp, they witness the southern Continental Army under General Horatio Gates engaging the British Army. Benjamin recognizes the foolishness of the action; sure enough, the Continentals are decisively routed.
Benjamin meets his former commanding officer, Colonel Harry Burwell, who makes him colonel of the local colonial militia due to his combat experience and also places Gabriel under Benjamin's command. Benjamin is tasked with keeping Lord Cornwallis's regiments pinned south through guerrilla warfare. French Major Jean Villeneuve helps train the militia and promises more French aid.
Gabriel asks why Villeneuve and others often mention Benjamin's role in something called "Fort Wilderness." Benjamin, having been hesitant to answer the question up to now, finally tells his son the story. Benjamin had been fighting in the British Army in the French and Indian War when he and several other soldiers discovered a French atrocity at a fort that Benjamin and his comrades had been trying to reinforce. In a bloodthirsty rage, Benjamin and his comrades caught up with the French at Fort Wilderness, where Benjamin and his unit literally cut the defending French soldiers apart slowly. Benjamin reveals that he has been haunted by guilt ever since.
Benjamin's militia harass British supply lines, even capturing some of Cornwallis' personal effects and his two Great Danes, and burn half the bridges and ferries leading to Charleston. Lord Cornwallis blames Tavington for creating this reaction with his brutal tactics. However, irritated at the lack of progress, and insulted by Benjamin's clever ploy to free some of the captured militia, Cornwallis reluctantly allows Tavington to stop Benjamin by any means necessary.
With the reluctant aid of the Loyalist Captain Wilkins, Tavington learns the identities of some militia members and proceeds to attack their families and burn their homes. Benjamin's family flees Charlotte's plantation as it is burned to live in a Gullah settlement with former black slaves. There, Gabriel marries his betrothed Anne. Tavington's brigade rides into the town that supplies the militia. He assembles all the townspeople, including Anne, into the church promising freedom in exchange for the whereabouts of the rebels. However, after the location is given the doors are barricaded, trapping the people as Tavington orders the church burned, killing them all in a cold-blooded act of mass-murder. After discovering the tragedy, Gabriel and several others race to attack Tavington's encampment. In the ensuing fight, Tavington mortally wounds Gabriel before fleeing. Benjamin arrives soon after, only to have another of his sons die in his arms.
Benjamin mourns and wavers in his commitment to continue fighting, but is resolved when reminded of his son's dedication to the cause by finding an American flag he repaired personally. Martin's militia, along with a larger Continental Army regiment, confronts Cornwallis' regiment in a decisive battle at the Battle of Cowpens. The British appear to have the upper hand until Benjamin rallies the troops forward against their lines and Tavington rushes to personally target him. The two duel and Tavington gains the upper hand, delivering several wounds to Benjamin. A beaten Benjamin slumps to his knees, and Tavington prepares to deliver the coup de grâce. At the last second, however, Benjamin dodges the attack and stabs Tavington to death, avenging his sons' deaths. The battle is a Continental victory and Cornwallis is forced to retreat.
After many eventual retreats, Cornwallis is besieged at Yorktown, Virginia where he surrenders to the surrounding Continental Army and the long-awaited French naval force. After the conflict ends, Benjamin returns with his family and discovers his militia men rebuilding his homestead in their new nation.
Cast[edit]
Mel Gibson as Benjamin Martin
A veteran of the French and Indian War as the hero of the fictional Fort Wilderness and widowed father of seven children, Benjamin does what he can to avoid fighting in the Revolutionary War knowing the implications surrounding it. In addition, he does not want to reveal to his family of what he is capable of in violence. When his oldest son, Gabriel joins up, and his second born son, Thomas is killed, he takes it upon himself to join and fight with the colonial militia. He is nicknamed "The Ghost" by the British. He is based on a composite of historical characters which include Thomas Sumter, Daniel Morgan, Nathanael Greene, Andrew Pickens, and Francis Marion.[6]
Heath Ledger as Gabriel Edward Martin
Benjamin's eldest child, and the husband of Anne Patricia Howard Martin. He decides to join up with the Continental Army against his father's wishes. He is killed during an attack on the Green Dragoons' camp, while seeking revenge against Colonel Tavington for his wife's murder.
Gregory Smith as Thomas Martin
Benjamin's second son, he, like Gabriel, is anxious to fight in the war, but Benjamin says he has to wait because of his age. He is shot and killed by Tavington when he protests against Gabriel's arrest. Tavington rebukes him as a "stupid boy" for his actions afterward. Benjamin takes Thomas's set of toy tin soldiers and, over the course of the film, melts them down into bullets for his pistol.
Trevor Morgan as Nathan Martin
Third son, he and Samuel help around the farm. When Gabriel is taken prisoner and Thomas is killed, he and Samuel help their father on a rescue mission. Unlike Samuel, he is "glad" to kill British soldiers.
Bryan Chafin as Samuel Martin
Fourth son, he is usually seen helping Nathan around the farm. When Gabriel is taken prisoner and Thomas is killed, he helps his father, Benjamin, rescue Gabriel by killing several British soldiers, even though he doesn't want to kill. For a short while, he becomes scared of his father after he witnesses him brutally killing and mutilating, post-mortem, a British soldier with a tomahawk.
Logan Lerman as William Martin: Benjamin's fifth and youngest son. This character was not originally in the script and was only added because Mel Gibson wanted to have seven children in the film (like in real life) rather than six. Though present throughout the film, his only line is during the opening credits.
Mika Boorem as Margaret Martin
Benjamin's older daughter, she is often seen taking care of her younger siblings.
Skye McCole Bartusiak as Susan Martin
The younger daughter and child among Benjamin's seven children, she has a problem with speaking, which may be a post-traumatic reaction to the death of their mother; only later on does she finally open up. Her feelings towards her father change radically as the film progresses, and after Benjamin leaves from the furlough to rejoin his militia, in an extremely emotional scene, she seemingly forgives him and tells him she'll say anything he wants to make him stay, to which Benjamin can only promise to return, which Susan accepts.
Joely Richardson as Charlotte Selton
Benjamin's sister-in-law and love interest in the film. She is the owner of a plantation that is later burned down in the film. She looks after Benjamin's children while he is fighting, eventually she and Benjamin married and expecting a child.
Jason Isaacs as Colonel William Tavington
Colonel of the Green Dragoons, he is portrayed as a charismatic sociopath and a brutal commander. Long ago, his late father wasted away the family money, along with William's inheritance. He suggests to Cornwallis that he be allowed to acquire the Ohio territory as payment after the war since the brutality his commander wants from him sacrifices his social standing in English society. He is nicknamed "The Butcher" by Brigadier General O'Hara. The character is based on Banastre Tarleton.[6]
Chris Cooper as Colonel Harry Burwell
One of Benjamin's commanding officers in the French and Indian War and a colonel of the Continental Army. He fought in the 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill. When his wife gives birth to their firstborn son, they name him after Benjamin's late eldest son, Gabriel. His character is loosely based on[citation needed] Lieutenant Colonel Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee.
Tchéky Karyo as Major Jean Villeneuve
A French officer who trains Martin's militia, he holds a grudge against Martin for his part in the French and Indian War, but they become close friends by the war's end. He explains in the film that he watched his wife and two daughters, 12-year-old Violette and 10-year-old Pauline (both green-eyed), being burned in the ship that carried them by the British, which explains his hatred for them. He serves as Martin's second-in-command.
René Auberjonois as Reverend Oliver
A minister of Pembroke who volunteers to fight with the militia. He also tries to give spiritual advice to his fellow soldiers. He is one of the eighteen captured men taken to Fort Carolina and released later on by Benjamin. He aides Gabriel in killing Captain Bordon, but is mortally shot by Tavington. Before dying, he courageously tosses his musket to Gabriel so that he may finish off Tavington.
Lisa Brenner as Anne Patricia Howard Martin
Gabriel's childhood friend and love interest, whom he marries later in the film. She is killed in the town church along with the rest of the town on Tavington's orders.
Tom Wilkinson as Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, 2nd Earl Cornwallis
A general of the British army. While pompous and arrogant, he is disgusted by Tavington's savage and ungentlemanly-like tactics. Cornwallis is a skilled commander, with Martin calling him a genius, but he sees militia as nothing more than "farmers with pitchforks" and is easily duped by Martin in a key scene. His two Great Danes, Jupiter and Mars, are a gift from king George III.
Peter Woodward as Brigadier General Charles O'Hara
Cornwallis' second-in-command. Like Cornwallis, he does not share Tavington's views on war.
Donal Logue as Dan Scott
One of Benjamin's men. He is a racist and bullies the former slave Occam, but grows to befriend him, especially when saved by him while wounded. In the last part of the film, they stand side by side in the final battle and the raising of Martin's new house.
Leon Rippy as John Billings
One of Benjamin's neighbors and oldest friends who joins the militia. He is one of the 18 captured men taken to Fort Carolina and released later on by Benjamin. Afterward, John helps Charlotte Selton and Benjamin's children escape the burning of the Selton plantation. He commits suicide, in full view of his comrades, after finding that Tavington's men have killed his wife and son. Afterward, Benjamin gives the militia a furlough.
Adam Baldwin as Captain James Wilkins
An officer in the Loyalist Colonial militia recruited into the Green Dragoons by Captain Bordon. He knows everything about Benjamin Martin, and is called upon by Tavington to divulge such information when required. Earlier on, at the South Carolina Assembly in Charleston, he is one of the twelve out of forty to vote against a levy for the Continental Army. He fights alongside Tavington, and also shares these brutal views on how "all those who stand against England deserve to die a traitor's death." When he is forced to burn the church at Pembroke, with town residents inside by Tavington, only then does he regret his own words and realize what kind of man his commanding officer really is. He is last seen fighting alongside the British in the final battle of the movie. His fate is not shown.
Jamieson K. Price as Captain Bordon
Tavington's second-in-command of the Green Dragoons and chief intelligence officer. He is just as ruthless as his commander, "strong-arming" prisoners during interrogations. He is killed by Gabriel in the youth's raid against the Dragoons.
Jay Arlen Jones as Occam
An African slave who is sent to fight in his master's place. He is taunted and bullied by the other members of the militia, but is treated as an equal by Benjamin, Gabriel, Jean, and later on by Dan Scott and the others. He gives out information of the captured eighteen militia men at Fort Carolina while escaping Tavington's trap. After serving a year in the Continental Army, he becomes a free man, but nonetheless still serves with the militia until the end of the war, and later aids, alongside his former adversary Dan Scott, in raising a new house for Martin. (See also: African Americans in the Revolutionary War)
Joey D. Vieira as Peter Howard
Anne Howard's father, who lost his left leg and most of his hearing while fighting the French and Indian War. He likens British taxation policies to the British taking his other leg.
Zach Hanner as British field officer.
Terry Layman as General George Washington.
Andy Stahl as General Nathanael Greene.
Grahame Wood as a friendly British Lieutenant at Martin's farm who interacts with both Benjamin Martin and Colonel Tavington. He sees Tavington's orders to kill the Colonial wounded and other prisoners revolting, but remains silent and follows through with the orders without question, largely out of fear for his own life. He dies shortly afterwards in Martin's skirmish to rescue his son, Gabriel.
Production[edit]
Script[edit]
Screenwriter Robert Rodat wrote seventeen drafts of the script before there was an acceptable one. In an early version, Anne is pregnant with Gabriel's child when she dies in the burning church. Rodat wrote the script with Gibson in mind for Benjamin Martin, and gave the Martin character six children to signal this preference to studio executives. After the birth of Gibson's seventh child, the script was changed so that Martin had seven children. Like the character William Wallace, which Gibson portrayed in Braveheart five years earlier, Martin is a man seeking to live his life in peace until revenge drives him to lead a cause against a national enemy after the life of an innocent family member is taken.
Casting[edit]
Joshua Jackson, Elijah Wood, Jake Gyllenhaal and Brad Renfro were considered to play Gabriel Martin. The producers and director narrowed their choices for this role to Ryan Phillippe and Heath Ledger, with the latter chosen because the director thought he possessed "exuberant youth".
Filming[edit]
The film's German director Emmerich said "these were characters I could relate to, and they were engaged in a conflict that had a significant outcome—the creation of the first modern democratic government."[6]
The film was shot entirely on location in South Carolina, including Charleston, Rock Hill—for many of the battle scenes, and Lowrys—for the farm of Benjamin Martin, as well as nearby Fort Lawn.[7] Other scenes were filmed at Mansfield Plantation, an antebellum rice plantation in Georgetown, Middleton Place in Charleston, South Carolina, at the Cistern Yard on the campus of College of Charleston, and Hightower Hall and Homestead House at Brattonsville, South Carolina, along with the grounds of the Brattonsville Plantation in McConnells, South Carolina.[8] Producer Mark Gordon said the production team "tried their best to be as authentic as possible" because "the backdrop was serious history," giving attention to details in period dress.[6] Producer Dean Devlin and the film's costume designers examined actual Revolutionary War uniforms at the Smithsonian Institution prior to shooting.[6]
Music[edit]
Main article: The Patriot (soundtrack)
The musical score for The Patriot was composed by John Williams and was nominated for an Academy Award.[9] David Arnold, who composed the scores to Emmerich's Stargate, Independence Day, and Godzilla, created a demo for The Patriot that was ultimately rejected. As a result, Arnold never returned to compose for any of Emmerich's subsequent films and was replaced by Harald Kloser and Thomas Wanker.
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The Patriot received mildly favorable reviews from critics. The film scored a "Fresh" rating of 61% rating among all critics on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 134 reviews and with an average rating of 6.1/10, which notes that it "can be entertaining to watch, but it relies too much on formula and melodrama."[10][11] The Patriot is one of two Emmerich films to ever be given a "fresh" rating from that website (the other is Independence Day). Rotten Tomatoes also notes that, "While his hero is conscience-stricken about killing, Emmerich sure enjoys serving it up in generous helpings.[12] " On Metacritic, the film earned a rating of 63 out of 100, based on reviews from 35 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". The New York Times critic Elvis Mitchell gave the film a generally negative review, although he praised its casting and called Mel Gibson "an astonishing actor", particularly for his "on-screen comfort and expansiveness". He said the film is a "gruesome hybrid, a mix of sentimentality and brutality".[13] Jamie Malanowski, also writing in The New York Times, said The Patriot "will prove to many a satisfying way to spend a summer evening. It's got big battles and wrenching hand-to-hand combat, a courageous but conflicted hero and a dastardly and totally guilt-free villain, thrills, tenderness, sorrow, rage and a little bit of kissing".[14] The film was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Original Score, Best Cinematography, and Best Sound.
Controversy[edit]
A highly positive review was purportedly written by a critic named David Manning, who was credited to The Ridgefield Press, a small Connecticut weekly news publication. During an investigation into Manning's quotes, Newsweek reporter John Horn discovered that the newspaper had never heard of him.[15] The story emerged at around the same time as an announcement that Sony had used employees posing as moviegoers in television commercials to praise the film. These occurrences, in tandem, raised questions and controversy about ethics in movie marketing practices.
On June 10, 2001, the episode of Le Show, host Harry Shearer conducted an in-studio interview with Manning, whose "review" of the film was positive. The voice of Manning was provided by a computer voice synthesizer.[16]
On August 3, 2005, Sony made an out-of-court settlement and agreed to refund $5 each to dissatisfied customers who saw this and four other films in American theatres, as a result of Manning's reviews.[17]
Box office[edit]
The Patriot opened in 3,061 venues at #2 with $22,413,710 domestically in its opening weekend, falling slightly short of expectations (predictions had the film opening #1 with roughly $25 million ahead). The film opened behind Warner Bros The Perfect Storm, which opened at #1 with $41,325,042.[18] The film closed on October 16, 2000 with $113,330,342 domestically, which barely recouped its budget of $110 million. It was successful overseas grossing $101,964,000 with a grand total of $215,294,342.[2]
Accolades[edit]
The Patriot was nominated for three Academy Awards: Best Sound Mixing (Kevin O'Connell, Greg P. Russell and Lee Orloff), Best Cinematography, and Best Original Score.[19] It also received several guild awards, including the American Society of Cinematographers award to Caleb Deschanel for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography[20] and the Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild Award for Best Period Makeup and Best Period Hair Styling.[21]
Historical authenticity[edit]
During development, Emmerich and his team consulted with experts at the Smithsonian Institution on set, props, and costumes; advisor Rex Ellis even recommended the Gullah village as an appropriate place for Martin's family to hide.[22] In addition, screenwriter Robert Rodat read through many journals and letters of colonists as part of his preparation for writing the screen play.[23]
Producer Mark Gordon said that in making the film, "while we were telling a fictional story, the backdrop was serious history".[6] Some of the resulting characters and events thus were composites of real characters and events that were designed to serve the fictional narrative without losing the historical flavor. Rodat said of Gibson's character: "Benjamin Martin is a composite character made up of Thomas Sumter, Daniel Morgan, Andrew Pickens, and Francis Marion, and a few bits and pieces from a number of other characters."[6] Rodat also indicated that the fictional Colonel William Tavington is "loosely based on Colonel Banastre Tarleton, who was particularly known for his brutal acts".[6]
While some events, such as Tarleton's pursuit of Francis Marion and his fellow irregular soldiers who escaped by disappearing into the swamps of South Carolina, were loosely based on history,[24] and others were adapted, such as the final battle in the film which combined elements of the Battles of Cowpens and Battle of Guilford Court House, most of the plot events in the film are pure fiction.
Criticism of Benjamin Martin as based on Francis Marion[edit]
The film was harshly criticized in the British press in part because of its connection to Francis Marion, a militia leader in South Carolina known as the "Swamp Fox". After the release of The Patriot, the British newspaper The Guardian denounced Marion as "a serial rapist who hunted Red Indians for fun.[25] Historian Christopher Hibbert said of Marion:
"The truth is that people like Marion committed atrocities as bad, if not worse, than those perpetrated by the British."[26]
The Patriot does not depict the American character Benjamin Martin as innocent of atrocities; a key plot point revolves around the character's guilt over acts he engaged in, such as torturing, killing, and mutilating prisoners during the French and Indian War, while not mentioning his crimes against fellow colonists during the Revolutionary War. In Hibbert's book Redcoats and Rebels: The American Revolution Through British Eyes, written before The Patriot was released, Hibbert included no criticism of Marion. Conservative radio host Michael Graham rejected Hibbert's criticism of Marion in a commentary published in National Review:
"Was Francis Marion a slave owner? Was he a determined and dangerous warrior? Did he commit acts in an 18th century war that we would consider atrocious in the current world of peace and political correctness? As another great American film hero might say: 'You're damn right.' "That's what made him a hero, 200 years ago and today."[27]
Graham also refers to what he describes as "the unchallenged work of South Carolina's premier historian" Dr. Walter Edgar, who claimed in his 1998 South Carolina: A History that Marion's partisans were "a ragged band of both black and white volunteers".[27]
Amy Crawford, in Smithsonian magazine, stated that modern historians such as William Gilmore Simms and Hugh Rankin have written accurate biographies of Marion, including Simms' The Life of Francis Marion.[28] The introduction to the 2007 edition of Simms' book was written by Sean Busick, a professor of American history at Athens State University in Alabama, who wrote:
"Marion deserves to be remembered as one of the heroes of the War for Independence....Francis Marion was a man of his times: he owned slaves, and he fought in a brutal campaign against the Cherokee Indians...Marion's experience in the French and Indian War prepared him for more admirable service."[28]
During pre-production, the producers debated on whether Martin would own slaves, ultimately deciding not to make him a slave owner. This decision received criticism from Spike Lee, who in a letter to The Hollywood Reporter accused the film's portrayal of slavery as being "a complete whitewashing of history".[29] Lee wrote that after he and his wife went to see the film, "we both came out of the theatre fuming. For three hours The Patriot dodged around, skirted about or completely ignored slavery." Gibson himself remarked: "I think I would have made him a slave holder. Not to seems kind of a cop-out."[30]
Criticism of Tavington as based on Tarleton[edit]
After release, several British voices criticized the film for its depiction of the film's villain Tavington and defended the historical character of Banastre Tarleton. Ben Fenton, commenting in the Daily Telegraph, wrote:
"There is no evidence that Tarleton, called 'Bloody Ban' or 'The Butcher' in rebel pamphlets, ever broke the rules of war and certainly did not ever shoot a child in cold blood."[31]
Although Tarleton gained the reputation among Americans as a butcher for his involvement in the Waxhaw massacre in South Carolina, he was a hero in Liverpool, England. Liverpool City Council, led by Mayor Edwin Clein, called for a public apology for what they viewed as the film's "character assassination" of Tarleton.[32] What happened during the Battle of The Waxhaws, known to the Americans as the Buford Massacre or as the Waxhaw massacre, is the subject of debate. According to an American field surgeon named Robert Brownfield who witnessed the events, the Continental Army Col. Buford raised a white flag of surrender, "expecting the usual treatment sanctioned by civilized warfare". While Buford was calling for quarter, Tarleton's horse was struck by a musket ball and fell. This gave the Loyalist cavalrymen the impression that the Continentals had shot at their commander while asking for mercy. Enraged, the Loyalist troops charged at the Virginians. According to Brownfield, the Loyalists attacked, carrying out "indiscriminate carnage never surpassed by the most ruthless atrocities of the most barbarous savages".
In Tarleton's own account, he stated that his horse had been shot from under him during the initial charge in which he was knocked out for several minutes and that his men, thinking him dead, engaged in "a vindictive asperity not easily restrained".[33]
Tarleton's role in the Revolutionary War in the Carolinas is examined by Ben Rubin who shows that historically, while the actual events of the Battle of the Waxhaws were presented differently according to which side was recounting them, the story of Tarleton's atrocities at Waxhaws and on other occasions became a rallying cry, particularly at the Battle of King's Mountain.[34] The tales of Tarleton's atrocities were a part of standard U.S. accounts of the war and were described by Washington Irving and by Christopher Ward in his 1952 history, The War of the Revolution, where Tarleton is described as "cold-hearted, vindictive, and utterly ruthless. He wrote his name in letters of blood all across the history of the war in the South."[35] Not until Anthony Scotti's 2002 book, Brutal Virtue: The Myth and Reality of Banastre Tarleton, were Tarleton's actions fully reexamined. Scotti challenged the factual accounts of atrocities and stressed the "propaganda value that such stories held for the Americas both during and after the war".[36] Scotti's book, however, did not come out until two years after The Patriot. Screenwriters consulting American works to build the character Tavington based on Tarleton would have commonly found descriptions of him as barbaric and accounts of his name being used for recruiting and motivation during the Revolutionary War itself.[37]
Whereas Tavington is depicted as aristocratic but penniless, Tarleton came from a wealthy Liverpool merchant family. Tarleton did not die in battle or from impalement, as Tavington did in the film. Tarleton died on January 16, 1833, in Leintwardine, Herefordshire, England, at the age of 78, nearly 50 years after the war ended. He outlived Col. Francis Marion who died in 1795, by 38 years. Before his death, Tarleton had achieved the military rank of General, equal to that held by the overall British Commanders during the American Revolution, and became a baronet and a member of the British Parliament.
Depiction of atrocities in the Revolutionary War[edit]
The Patriot was criticized for misrepresenting atrocities during the Revolutionary War, including the killing of prisoners of war and wounded soldiers and burning a church filled with townsfolk. While atrocities occurred during the war, the most striking of the film's depictions of British atrocities—the burning of a church full of unarmed colonial civilians—had virtually no factual basis nor parallel in the American or European 18th century wars, with the exception of the Massacre at Lucs-sur-Boulogne in 1794. The New York Post film critic Jonathan Foreman was one of several focusing on this distortion in the film and wrote the following in an article at Salon.com:
"The most disturbing thing about The Patriot is not just that German director Roland Emmerich (director of Independence Day) and his screenwriter Robert Rodat (who was criticized for excluding the roles played by British, Canadian (Juno Beach) and other Allied troops in the Normandy landings from his script for Saving Private Ryan) depicted British troops as committing savage atrocities, but that those atrocities bear such a close resemblance to war crimes carried out by German troops—particularly the SS in World War II. It's hard not to wonder if the filmmakers have some kind of subconscious agenda....They have made a film that will have the effect of inoculating audiences against the unique historical horror of Oradour—and implicitly rehabilitating the Nazis while making the British seem as evil as history's worst monsters....So it's no wonder that the British press sees this film as a kind of blood libel against the British people."[38]
The Washington Post film critic Stephen Hunter, a historian of the era, said: "Any image of the American Revolution which represents you Brits as Nazis and us as gentle folk is almost certainly wrong. It was a very bitter war, a total war, and that is something that I am afraid has been lost to history....[T]he presence of the Loyalists (colonists who did not want to join the fight for independence from Britain) meant that the War of Independence was a conflict of complex loyalties."[39] The historian Richard F. Snow, editor of American Heritage magazine, said of the church-burning scene: "Of course it never happened—if it had do you think Americans would have forgotten it? It could have kept us out of World War I."[40][41]
The concept of patriotism[edit]
Slate columnist Michael Lind criticized the identification of the leading character's actions with patriotism. Specifically, Lind stated that "this movie is deeply subversive patriotism. Indeed, patriotism is a concept that neither the screenwriter...nor the director...seems to understand". He further wrote that "the message of The Patriot is that country is an abstraction, family is everything. It should have been called The Family Man".[42]
In contrast, historian Ben Rubin argues that because the American Revolution was a conflict that as often pitted neighbor against neighbor—Whigs (advocates of Revolution) against Tories (loyalists to Britain)—as it pitted nascent Americans against the British, many people stayed neutral until goaded into taking a stand in reaction to perceived atrocities.[43] From this perspective, Benjamin Martin's joining of the militia becomes, according to commentator Jon Roland, a deep patriotism that "shows them being called up, not as an act of an official, but by private persons aware of a common threat...[reacting to a] militia duty to defend one another".[44]
Homages[edit]
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In the film, Gibson's character asks, "Why should I trade one tyrant three thousand miles away for three thousand tyrants one mile away?" "They Call me a brainless Tory," said (Doctor) Reverend Mather Byles while watching three thousand Sons of Liberty parading the streets of Boston, "but tell me my young friend, which is better, to be ruled by one tyrant three thousand miles away or three thousand tyrants not a mile away".[45]
Paul Revere And The World He Lived In by Ester Forbes Riverside Press Cambridge, Massachusetts 1942
The Patriot: The Official Companion by Suzanne Fritz and Rachel Aberly
The Patriot: A Novel by Stephen Molstad
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Patriot (15)". British Board of Film Classification. June 22, 2000. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Patriot (2000)". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. October 16, 2000. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ Bettridge, Daniel (April 13, 2012). "How accurate is Hollywood history? We asked an expert which films got their facts wrong". Yahoo Movies, U.K. & Ireland. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
Jump up ^ Edwards, David. "The Patriot"[review]. Urban Cinefile. July 2000. [1]
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger. "The Patriot". Retrieved May 12, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h The Patriot (DVD). Columbia Pictures. 2000. ISBN 0-7678-5846-8. Special features – True Patriots featurette
Jump up ^ "The Patriot on TNT". TNT (TV network). 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Movies Filmed in South Carolina – The Patriot". South Carolina Information Highway. SCIway.net. 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Filmtracks: The Patriot (John Williams)". Filmtracks.com. June 22, 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Patriot Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Reviews for The Patriot". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved March 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ The Patriot, retrieved October 20, 2017
Jump up ^ Mitchell, Elvis (June 28, 2000). "Film Review; A Gentle Farmer Who's Good at Violence". The New York Times. Retrieved November 20, 2014.
Jump up ^ Malanowski, Jamie (July 2, 2000). "The Revolutionary War Is Lost on Hollywood". The New York Times. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
Jump up ^ Horn, John (June 2, 2001). "The Reviewer Who Wasn't There". MSNBC. Newsweek. Archived from the original on June 9, 2001. Retrieved October 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Shearer, Harry (June 10, 2001). "le Show". HarryShearer.com. Archived from the original on May 30, 2008. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Sony to pay $1.5m for film hoax," Irish Independent, August 5, 2005.
Jump up ^ "Weekend Box Office Results for June 30 – July 2, 2000". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. July 3, 2000. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The 73rd Academy Awards (2001) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
Jump up ^ "15th Annual ASC Awards – 2000". ASC Roster. American Society of Cinematographers. 2000. Archived from the original on May 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hollywood Makeup Artist and Hair Stylist Guild Awards, 2001, IMDb: Internet Movie Database
Jump up ^ Moore, Lucinda (July 2000). "Capturing America's Fight for Freedom". Smithsonian.
Jump up ^ Malanowski, Jamie (July 2, 2000). "Film: The Revolutionary War is Lost on Hollywood". The New York Times. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Crawford, Amy (July 1, 2007). "The Swamp Fox – Elusive and crafty, Francis Marion outwitted British troops during the American Revolution". Smithsonian. Retrieved June 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Spike Lee slams Patriot". The Guardian. London. July 6, 2000. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ ‘Mel Gibson's latest hero: a rapist who hunted Indians for fun’, Guardian Unlimited, June 15, 2000. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b Graham, Michael (June 26, 2000). "The British Are Crying, the British Are Crying (guest column)". National Review. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Crawford, Amy (July 1, 2007). "The Swamp Fox". Smithsonian. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Spike Lee slams Patriot", Guardian Unlimited, July 6, 2000. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
Jump up ^ Dunkel, Tom (June 2000). "Mel Gibson Pops an American Myth". George.
Jump up ^ Fenton, Ben (June 19, 2000). "Truth is first casualty in Hollywood's war". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved April 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Patriotic Liverpool up in arms over Gibson's blockbuster". Guardian Unlimited. London. June 30, 2000. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
Jump up ^ Hickman, Kennedy. "American Revolution: Battle of Waxhaws". About.com. Retrieved December 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rubin, Ben. "The Rhetoric of Revenge: Atrocity and Identity in Revolutionary Carolinas". Journal of Backcountry Studies, vol. 5, No. 2, 2010. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rubin, 2010, p. 17
Jump up ^ Scotti, Anthony, Jr. (July 2002). Brutal Virtue: The Myth and Reality of Banastre Tarleton. Boise, MD: Heritage Books. ISBN 978-0788420993. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Rubin, 2010, p. 21.
Jump up ^ Jonathan Foreman, 'The Nazis, er, the Redcoats are coming!', Salon.com, July 3, 2000. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fenton, Ben (June 19, 2000). "Truth is first casualty in Hollywood's war". The Daily Telegraph. London.
Jump up ^ "The Patriot: more flag-waving rot with Mel Gibson". The Guardian. London. July 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Tony Parsons Column: Danger in Mel's deceit". The Free Library. Farlex.
Jump up ^ Lind, Michael (July 28, 2000). "Unpatriotic: Gibson's patriot is Sonny Corleone, not Sgt. York". Slate. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Rubin, Ben (2010). "The Rhetoric of Revenge: Atrocity and Identity in Revolutionary Carolinas" (PDF). Journal of Backcountry Studies. 102 (84). Retrieved June 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Patriot not just about the American Revolution, Review by Jon Roland". July 4, 2000. Retrieved June 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ Smith, John Howard (Fall 2001). "The Irrepressible Rev. Mather Byles, Sr.: Loyalist Wit". DLAR News: The Newsletter of the David Library of the American Revolution. 5 (2).
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Patriot (2000 film)
The Patriot on IMDb
The Patriot at Box Office Mojo
The Patriot at Rotten Tomatoes
The Patriot at Metacritic
Government info on Southern Campaign, Banastre Tarleton, and Benjamin Martin
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text:
The NeverEnding Story (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The NeverEnding Story
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Wolfgang Petersen
Produced by
Bernd Eichinger
Dieter Geissler
Screenplay by
Wolfgang Petersen
Herman Weigel
Based on
The Neverending Story
by Michael Ende
Starring
Noah Hathaway
Barret Oliver
Tami Stronach
Patricia Hayes
Sydney Bromley
Gerald McRaney
Moses Gunn
Narrated by
Alan Oppenheimer
Music by
Klaus Doldinger
Giorgio Moroder
Cinematography
Jost Vacano
Edited by
Jane Seitz
Production
company
Producers Sales Organization
Distributed by
Neue Constantin Film
(West Germany)
Warner Bros.
(United States)
Release date
6 April 1984 (1984-04-06) (West Germany)
20 July 1984 (1984-07-20) (United States)
Running time
94 minutes[1]
Country
West Germany
United States
Language
English
Budget
DM 60 million (~US$27 million)
Box office
US$100 million
The NeverEnding Story (German: Die unendliche Geschichte) is a 1984 epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende, about a boy in our world who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark force called the Nothing from engulfing a mystical world. The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen (his first English-language film) and starred Noah Hathaway, Barret Oliver, Tami Stronach, Patricia Hayes, Sydney Bromley, Gerald McRaney, Moses Gunn, and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork (as well as other characters). At the time of its release, it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union. The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels.[2]
The film only adapts the first half of the book, and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel. The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the primary rough basis for the second film, The Next Chapter. The third film, Escape from Fantasia, primarily features an original new plot.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Music
4 Reaction
4.1 Release dates
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Box office
4.4 Awards
5 Home media
5.1 LaserDisc
5.2 DVD
5.3 Blu-ray
6 Legacy
6.1 Music
7 Warner Bros. planned adaptation of the novel
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Bastian Balthazar Bux is a shy and outcast bibliophile ten-year-old raised by his widowed father, teased by bullies from school. On his way to school, he hides from the bullies in a bookstore, interrupting the grumpy bookseller, Mr. Coreander. Bastian asks about one of the books he sees, but Mr. Coreander advises against it. With his curiosity piqued, Bastian seizes the book, leaving a note promising to return it, and hides in the school's attic to read.
The book describes the fantasy world of Fantasia slowly being devoured by a malevolent force called "The Nothing". Fantasia's ruler, the Childlike Empress, has fallen ill, and Atreyu is tasked to discover the cure, believing that once the Empress is well, the Nothing will no longer be a threat. Atreyu is given a medallion named the AURYN that can guide and protect him in the quest. As Atreyu sets out, the Nothing summons Gmork, a vicious and highly intelligent wolf-like creature, to kill Atreyu.
The Auryn, based on the Ouroboros, representing infinity/eternity. The original prop is now owned by Steven Spielberg.[3]
Atreyu's quest directs him to the adviser Morla the Ancient One in the Swamps of Sadness. Though the Auryn protects Atreyu, his beloved horse Artax is lost to the swamp, and he continues alone. Later, Atreyu is surprised by the sudden appearance of Morla, a giant turtle. Bastian, reading, is also surprised and lets out a scream, which Atreyu and Morla appear to hear. Morla does not have the answers Atreyu seeks, but directs him to the Southern Oracle, ten thousand miles distant. Atreyu succumbs to exhaustion trying to escape the Swamps but is saved by the luckdragon Falkor. Falkor takes him to the home of two gnomes that live near the entrance to the Southern Oracle. The gnomes explain that Atreyu will face various trials before reaching the Oracle. Atreyu proceeds to enter the Oracle, and is perplexed when one second trial, a mirror that shows the viewer's true self, reveals a boy which Bastian recognizes as himself. Bastian throws the book aside, but after catching his breath, continues to read. Atreyu eventually meets the Southern Oracle who tells him the only way to save the Empress is to find a human child to give her a new name, beyond the boundaries of Fantasia.
Atreyu and Falkor flee before the Nothing consumes the Southern Oracle. In flight, Atreyu is knocked from Falkor's back into the Sea of Possibilities, losing the Auryn in the process. He wakes on the shore of the abandoned ruins, where he meets Rock Biter, who laments the loss of his friends. Atreyu finds a series of paintings depicting his quest. Gmork reveals himself, having been lying in wait and explains that Fantasia represents humanity's imagination, and that the Nothing represents adult apathy and cynicism against it. Atreyu fends off and kills Gmork as the Nothing begins to consume the ruins. Falkor, who had managed to locate the Auryn, rescues Atreyu in time. The two find themselves in a void with only small fragments of Fantasia remaining, and fear they have failed when they spot the Empress's Ivory Tower among the fragments. Inside, Atreyu apologizes for failing the Empress, but she assures him he has succeeded in bringing to her a human child who has been following his quest: Bastian. She further explains that, just as Bastian is following Atreyu's story, "others" are following Bastian's, making this part of the neverending story. As the Nothing begins to consume the Tower, the Empress pleads directly to Bastian to call out her new name, but in amazement that he himself has been incorporated into the story as the child they were looking for, he denies the events as just being a story and Atreyu dies. Bastian runs to the window and calls out the name he had selected into the storm (Moonchild), and loses consciousness.
When he wakes, he finds himself in blackness with the Empress, with only a grain of sand, the last bit of Fantasia remaining. The Empress tells Bastian that he has the power to bring Fantasia back with his imagination. Bastian re-creates Fantasia, and as he flies on Falkor's back, he sees the land and its inhabitants restored, and that Atreyu has been reunited with Artax. When Falkor asks what his next wish will be, Bastian then brings Falkor back to the real world to chase down the bullies from before. The film ends with the narration that Bastian had many more wishes and adventures, and adds: "but that's another story".
Cast[edit]
Falkor the Luckdragon
Main article: List of The Neverending Story characters
Barret Oliver as Bastian Balthazar Bux.
Noah Hathaway as Atreyu.
Tami Stronach as The Childlike Empress, to whom Bastian gives the new name of "Moon Child".
Patricia Hayes as Urgl, Engywook's wife and a healer.
Sydney Bromley as Engywook, a gnomish scientist.
Gerald McRaney as Mr. Bux, Bastian's widowed, workaholic father.
Moses Gunn as Cairon, a servant of the Empress.
Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of Falkor, Gmork, Rock Biter, and the Narrator (the latter three are uncredited).
Thomas Hill as Mr. Coreander, a grumpy bookseller.
Deep Roy as Teeny Weeny, a messenger riding on a racing snail.
Tilo Prückner as Nighthob, a messenger riding a narcoleptic bat.
Darryl Cooksey, Drum Garrett, and Nicholas Gilbert as Ethan, Todd, and Lucas, three bullies who torment Bastian.
Production[edit]
The adaptation only covered the first half of the book. The majority of the film was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich, except for the street scenes and the school interior in the real world, which were shot in Vancouver, Canada (the Gastown steam clock can be seen in the bully chase scene near the beginning[4]),[5] and the beach where Atreyu falls, which was filmed at Monsul Beach in Almería (Spain). It was Germany's highest-budgeted film at the time.
Music[edit]
The film score of The NeverEnding Story was composed by Klaus Doldinger of the German jazz group Passport. The theme song of the North American release of the film was composed by Giorgio Moroder with lyrics by Keith Forsey, and performed by Christopher "Limahl" Hamill, once the lead singer of Kajagoogoo, and Beth Anderson. Released as a single in 1984, it peaked at No. 4 on the UK singles chart, No. 6 on the US Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, and No. 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song has been covered by The Birthday Massacre, Creamy, Dragonland, Kenji Haga, and New Found Glory. More recent covers were done by Norwegian synthpop group Echo Image on their 2001 maxi-single Skulk and by German techno group Scooter on their 2007 album Jumping All Over the World. This Limahl song, along with other "techno-pop" treatments to the soundtrack, is not present in the German version of the film, which features Doldinger's orchestral score exclusively.
In 1994, Italian house music group Club House released the song "Nowhere Land," featuring Carl, which combines the melody of the tune "Bastian's Happy Flight" with original lyrics.
An official soundtrack album was released featuring Doldinger's score and Moroder's theme tune (Moroder also rescored several scenes for the version released outside Germany).[6] The track listing (Doldinger is responsible for everything from track 6 onwards) is as follows:
showThe NeverEnding Story (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
No.
Title
Length
1. "The NeverEnding Story" 3:32
2. "Swamps of Sadness" 1:57
3. "Ivory Tower" 3:10
4. "Ruined Landscape" 3:03
5. "Sleepy Dragon" 3:59
6. "Bastian's Happy Flight" 3:16
7. "Fantasia" 0:56
8. "Atreyu's Quest" 2:52
9. "Theme of Sadness" 2:43
10. "Atreyu Meets Falkor" 2:31
11. "Mirror Gate - Southern Oracle" 3:10
12. "Gmork" 0:29
13. "Moon Child" 1:24
14. "AURYN" 2:20
15. "Happy Flight" 1:21
In Germany, an album featuring Doldinger's score was released.
showDie Unendliche Geschichte — Das Album
No.
Title
Length
1. "Flug auf dem Glücksdrachen (Flight of the Luckdragon)" 3:12
2. "Die Unendliche Geschichte (Titelmusik) (The NeverEnding Story (Main Title))" 2:44
3. "Im Haulewald (In the Howling Forest)" 3:01
4. "Der Elfenbeinturm (The Ivory Tower)" 1:54
5. "Atréjus Berufung – AURYN Thema (Atreyu's Quest - AURYN Theme)" 2:47
6. "Phantásien (Fantasia)" 0:52
7. "Artax's Tod (The Death of Artax)" 1:13
8. "Die Sümpfe der Traurigkeit (The Swamps of Sadness)" 2:39
9. "Atréju's Flug (Atreyu's Flight)" 2:27
10. "Die uralte Morla (Morla, the Ancient One)" 2:27
11. "Das südliche Orakel (The Southern Oracle)" 3:19
12. "Die drei magischen Tore (The Three Magic Gates)" 3:25
13. "Spukstadt (Spook City)" 1:37
14. "Flug zum Elfenbeinturm (Flight to the Ivory Tower)" 3:02
15. "Mondenkind (Moon Child)" 1:19
16. "Die kindliche Kaiserin (The Childlike Empress)" 2:16
17. "Flug auf dem Glücksdrachen (Schlußtitel) (Flight of the Luckdragon (End Title))" 1:19
Reaction[edit]
Release dates[edit]
Some international release dates:
6 April 1984 in West Germany (Die unendliche Geschichte)[7]
20 July 1984 in the United States (The NeverEnding Story)[8][9]
6 October 1984 in Brazil (A História Sem Fim)
21 November 1984 in France (L'Histoire sans fin)[10]
6 December 1984 in Spain (La Historia Interminable)[11]
7 December 1984 in Italy (La storia infinita)[12]
4 April 1985 in the United Kingdom (The NeverEnding Story)[13]
Critical response[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2016)
The film has a Rotten Tomatoes score of 82% based on reviews from 39 critics. The critical consensus reads: "A magical journey about the power of a young boy's imagination to save a dying fantasy land, The NeverEnding Story remains a much-loved kids' adventure."[14] Metacritic gives the film a score of 46/100 based on reviews from 10 critics.[15]
Film critic Roger Ebert gave it three out of four stars and praised its visual effects, saying that "an entirely new world has been created" because of them,[16] a comment echoed by Variety.[2] Joshua Tyler of CinemaBlend referred to it as "One of a scant few true Fantasy masterpieces".[14]
Vincent Canby panned the film as a "graceless, humorless fantasy for children" in a 1984 New York Times review. Canby's criticism charged that parts of the film "sounded like 'The Pre-Teenager's Guide to Existentialism'". He further criticized the "tacky" special effects, and that the construction of the dragon looked like "an impractical bathmat".[17]
Ende felt that this adaptation's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film's title be changed; when the producers did neither, he sued them and subsequently lost the case.[18] Ende called the film a "gigantic melodrama of kitsch, commerce, plush and plastic" [Ein "gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch, Kommerz, Plüsch und Plastik"].[19]
Box office[edit]
The film performed very well at the box office, grossing US$100 million worldwide against a production budget of DM60 million (approximately US$27 million at the time). Almost five million people went to see it in Germany, a number rarely achieved by German productions, resulting in a gross of about US$20 million domestically. It also grossed a similar amount in the United States; only a modest sum in the American market, which director Wolfgang Petersen ascribed to the film's European sensibilities.[20]
Awards[edit]
Wins
1984 - Bambi Award for: National film
1984 - Golden Screen Award
1985 - Saturn Award for: Best Performance by a Young Actor (Noah Hathaway)
1985 - Brazilian Film Award for: Best Production
1985 - Film Award in Gold for: Best Production Design
Nominations
1985 - Saturn Award for: Best Fantasy Film, and Best Music
1985 - International Fantasy Film Award for: Best Film
1985 - Young Artist Award for: Best Family Motion Picture, Best Young Actor, Best Young Supporting Actress.
Home media[edit]
LaserDisc[edit]
The film was released by Warner Bros. on LaserDisc with a digital stereo soundtrack in 1985.
A widescreen laserdisc was released on 28 August 1991; no special features were included.
DVD[edit]
The Region 1 DVD was first released in 2001 by Warner Bros, containing only the North American release of the film. The only audio option is a 2.0 stereo mix in either English or Spanish. The theatrical trailer is the lone extra feature presented.
There is also a quite lavish 2003 European version, which is a two-disc special edition with packaging shaped like the book from the film and containing both the North American and German releases of the film. Various extras, such as a 45-minute documentary, music video, and galleries, are presented on the second disc.[21] However, there is no English audio for the German version of the film. This edition is currently[when?] out of print. The standard single-disc edition is also available for the Region 2 market.
A Dutch import has also appeared on the Internet in various places, which only contains the North American release of the film but also includes a remastered DTS surround track, which is not found in either the German or the Region 1 release.
Also, in 2008, Czech- and Slovak-language DVD versions appeared in Czech Republic and Slovakia.
Blu-ray[edit]
The first Blu-ray release was a region-free Dutch edition on 24 March 2007.
On 2 March 2010, Warner released a Region A Blu-ray edition of the film. The disc includes a lossless DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 surround track, which marks the first time a 5.1 surround track has been included in a US home video version of the film. No special features or theatrical trailer are included.[22]
Recent German releases feature the original Klaus Doldinger soundtrack with the original English audio track.
On 7 October 2014, a 30th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray was released, which duplicates the DTS surround track of its predecessor. Originally described as a "newly" remastered version of the film, Warner released a statement indicating that "the only remastered version is The NeverEnding Story II", while not elaborating further on this current US release.[23] The 30th Anniversary Edition contains the original theatrical trailer, a commentary track by director Wolfgang Petersen, documentaries and interviews from both 1984 and 2014, and a German-language/English-subtitled feature detailing the digital restoration process of the film.
Legacy[edit]
The film has since been an inspiration in popular culture.
Music[edit]
The American metal band Atreyu derived their name from the character of Atreyu.
The Mexican pop punk band Fälkor derived their name from the character of Falkor, changing the styling of the middle a for ä.
The American rock band Bayside have used quotes from the film as titles of their songs. Examples include "They look like strong hands" and "They're not horses, they're unicorns".
The American rock band Rooney made reference to the film in the song "I'm Shakin'" ("I tossed and turned all night 'cause I was looking for an ending / This was so because I watched all day The NeverEnding Story with Atreyu")
The American pop punk band, New Found Glory, covered the film's theme song on their album, From the Screen to Your Stereo.
The Spanish indie-rock band Vetusta Morla derived their name from the character of Morla the Ancient One ("vetusta" means "ancient" in spanish).
The American rock band The Aquabats describe Falkor's potential romantic life in their song "Luck Dragon Lady!" on the album Hi-Five Soup!.
Warner Bros. planned adaptation of the novel[edit]
In 2009, it was reported that Warner Bros., The Kennedy/Marshall Company and Leonardo DiCaprio's Appian Way were in the early stages of creating another adaptation of Ende's novel. They intend to "examine the more nuanced details of the book" rather than remake the original film by Petersen.[24]
In 2011, producer Kathleen Kennedy said that problems securing the rights to the story may mean a second adaptation is "not meant to be."[25]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "THE NEVER ENDING STORY (U)". British Board of Film Classification. 26 June 1984. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Variety staff (1984-01-01). "The Neverending Story Review". Variety. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
Jump up ^ Brian Jacks (2010-03-15). "EXCLUSIVE: The Never-Before-Told Tale Of Steven Spielberg's Involvement In 'The Neverending Story'". MTV. Retrieved 2014-07-06.
Jump up ^ "The NeverEnding Story Movie Filming Locations - The 80s Movies Rewind". www.fast-rewind.com. Retrieved 2017-08-29.
Jump up ^ Wolfgang Petersen (2014). The NeverEnding Story: 30th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray commentary. Warner Bros. Pictures.
Jump up ^ "Klaus Doldinger / Original Soundtrack - Never Ending Story". Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Die unendliche Geschichte" (in German). www.filmstarts.de. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Movies - Theater Guide New York Magazine. 25 July 1984, p.64
Jump up ^ "Around Town". New York Magazine. 25 July 1984. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "L'Histoire sans fin - film 1984 - AlloCiné" (in French). www.allocine.fr. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "30 años de 'La Historia Interminable' - Noticias de cine" (in Spanish). www.cinemascomics.com. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Prime visioni a Roma - La storia infinita (prima) L'Unità. 7 December 1984, page 17. (in Italian)
Jump up ^ "The NeverEnding Story - Reelease date in UK". www.filmdates.co.uk. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Neverending Story at Rotten Tomatoes". Flixster. Retrieved 2018-07-28. TOMATOMETER 82% Average Rating: 6.9/10 Reviews Counted: 39 Fresh: 32 Rotten: 7 Critics Consensus: A magical journey about the power of a young boy's imagination to save a dying fantasy land, The NeverEnding Story remains a much-loved kids adventure.
Jump up ^ Metacritic (2010-10-30). "The NeverEnding Story at Metacritic". CBS Interactive. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
Jump up ^ Roger Ebert (1984-01-01). "Roger Ebert reviews The Neverending Story". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2008-07-13.
Jump up ^ Canby, Vincent (20 July 1984). "The Neverending Story (1984)". New York Times. Retrieved 11 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Logan Bentley (1984-08-24). "An Irate Michael Ende Blasts the 'Disgusting' Film Made from His Best-Seller, The Neverending Story". People. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
Jump up ^ url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-65917115.html | title=Ende gegen die "Unendliche Geschichte" page 274 PublisherSpiegel | date=1984-04-02 | Spiegel.de]
Jump up ^ Haase, Christine (2007). When Heimat Meets Hollywood: German Filmmakers and America, 1985-2005. Studies in German Literature Linguistics and Culture. 14. Camden House Publishing. p. 80. ISBN 9781571132796.
Jump up ^ "Review of: The Neverending Story - Special Edition". Retrieved 23 January 2010.
Jump up ^ Blu-ray.com
Jump up ^ Blu-ray.com
Jump up ^ ""The NeverEnding Story" to be Rebooted". WorstPreviews. 26 February 2009.
Jump up ^ IGN
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The NeverEnding Story (film).
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The NeverEnding Story (film)
The NeverEnding Story on IMDb
The NeverEnding Story at Box Office Mojo
The NeverEnding Story at Rotten Tomatoes

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The Neverending Story by Michael Ende
Films
The NeverEnding Story
The NeverEnding Story II: The Next Chapter
The NeverEnding Story III
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"The NeverEnding Story" (song)
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Films directed by Wolfgang Petersen
One or the Other of Us (1974)
Vier gegen die Bank (1976)
The Consequence (1977)
Black and White Like Day and Night (1978)
Das Boot (1981)
The NeverEnding Story (1984)
Enemy Mine (1985)
Shattered (1991)
In the Line of Fire (1993)
Outbreak (1995)
Air Force One (1997)
The Perfect Storm (2000)
Troy (2004)
Poseidon (2006)
Vier gegen die Bank (2016)
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_NeverEnding_Story_(film)&oldid=865406042"
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