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Falcon Heavy
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Falcon Heavy
Falcon Heavy on pad LC-39A, being prepared for its first launch
Function
Orbital heavy-lift launch vehicle
Manufacturer
SpaceX
Country of origin
United States
Cost per launch
Reusable: $90M[1]
Expendable: $150M[2]
Size
Height
70 m (230 ft)[3]
Diameter
3.66 m (12.0 ft)[3]
Width
12.2 m (40 ft)[3]
Mass
1,420,788 kg (3,132,301 lb)[3]
Stages
2+
Capacity
Payload to LEO (28.5°)
63,800 kg (140,700 lb)[3]
Payload to GTO (27°)
26,700 kg (58,900 lb)[3]
Payload to Mars
16,800 kg (37,000 lb)[3]
Payload to Pluto
3,500 kg (7,700 lb)[3]
Associated rockets
Family
Falcon 9
Comparable
Delta IV Heavy
Long March 5
New Glenn
Saturn C-3
Vulcan
Launch history
Status
Active
Launch sites
Kennedy LC-39A
Boca Chica (under construction)
Total launches
1
Successes
1
Failures
0
Partial failures
0
Landings
2 / 3 attempts
First flight
February 6, 2018[4][5]
Boosters
No. boosters
2
Engines
9 Merlin 1D per booster
Thrust
Sea level: 7.6 MN (1,700,000 lbf) (each)
Vacuum: 8.2 MN (1,800,000 lbf) (each)
Total thrust
Sea level: 15.2 MN (3,400,000 lbf)
Vacuum: 16.4 MN (3,700,000 lbf)
Specific impulse
Sea level: 282 seconds[6]
Vacuum: 311 seconds[7]
Burn time
154 seconds
Fuel
Subcooled LOX / Chilled RP-1[8]
First stage
Engines
9 Merlin 1D
Thrust
Sea level: 7.6 MN (1,700,000 lbf)
Vacuum: 8.2 MN (1,800,000 lbf)
Specific impulse
Sea level: 282 seconds
Vacuum: 311 seconds
Burn time
187 seconds
Fuel
Subcooled LOX / Chilled RP-1
Second stage
Engines
1 Merlin 1D Vacuum
Thrust
934 kN (210,000 lbf)[3]
Specific impulse
348 seconds[3]
Burn time
397 seconds[3]
Fuel
LOX / RP-1
Falcon Heavy is a partially reusable super heavy-lift launch vehicle[9] designed and manufactured by SpaceX. It is derived from the Falcon 9 vehicle and consists of a strengthened Falcon 9 first stage as a central core with two additional first stages as strap-on boosters.[10] Falcon Heavy is the world's fourth-highest capacity rocket ever built, after Saturn V, Energia and N1, and the most powerful rocket in operation as of 2018.
SpaceX conducted Falcon Heavy's maiden launch on February 6, 2018, at 3:45 p.m. EST (20:45 UTC).[5][11][12] The rocket carried a Tesla Roadster belonging to SpaceX founder Elon Musk as a dummy payload.[13][14]
Wikinews has related news: SpaceX Falcon Heavy rocket blasts Elon Musk's personal Tesla into solar orbit
Falcon Heavy was designed to carry humans into space beyond low Earth orbit, especially to the Moon, Mars, and potentially to asteroids for mining, although as of February 2018[update], Musk does not plan to apply for a human-rating certification to carry NASA astronauts.[15]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Conception and funding
1.2 Design and development
1.3 Testing
1.4 Maiden flight
2 Design
3 Capabilities
3.1 Reusability
3.2 Propellant crossfeed
4 Launch prices
5 Launches and payloads
5.1 First commercial contracts
5.2 First DoD contract: USAF
5.2.1 Payload
5.3 Crewed circumlunar flight
5.4 Solar System transport missions
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
SpaceX breaking ground at Vandenberg AFB SLC-4E in June 2011 for the Falcon Heavy launch pad
Concepts for a Falcon Heavy launch vehicle were initially discussed as early as 2004. SpaceX unveiled the plan for the Falcon Heavy to the public at a Washington DC news conference in April 2011, with initial test flight expected in 2013.[16]
A number of factors delayed the planned maiden flight by 5 years to 2018, including two anomalies with Falcon 9 launch vehicles, which required all engineering resources to be dedicated to failure analysis, halting flight operations for many months. The integration and structural challenges of combining three Falcon 9 cores were much more difficult than expected.[17]
In July 2017, Elon Musk said, "It actually ended up being way harder to do Falcon Heavy than we thought. ... Really way, way more difficult than we originally thought. We were pretty naive about that."[18]
The initial test flight for a Falcon Heavy lifted off on February 6, 2018, at 3:45 pm EST,[12][19] after a two-hour delay due to unfavorable wind conditions.
Conception and funding[edit]
Musk mentioned Falcon Heavy in a September 2005 news update, referring to a customer request from 18 months prior.[20] Various solutions using the planned Falcon 5 had been explored, but the only cost-effective, reliable iteration was one that used a 9-engine first stage – the Falcon 9. The Falcon Heavy was developed with private capital with Musk stating that the cost was more than $500 million. No government financing was provided for its development.[21]
Design and development[edit]
Conceptual rendering of Falcon Heavy at Pad 39A, Cape Canaveral
The Falcon Heavy design is based on Falcon 9's fuselage and engines.
By 2008, SpaceX had been aiming for the first launch of Falcon 9 in 2009, while "Falcon 9 Heavy would be in a couple of years". Speaking at the 2008 Mars Society Conference, Musk also indicated that he expected a hydrogen-fueled upper stage would follow 2–3 years later (which would have been around 2013).[22]
By April 2011, the capabilities and performance of the Falcon 9 vehicle were better understood, SpaceX having completed two successful demonstration missions to LEO, one of which included reignition of the second-stage engine. At a press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, DC. on April 5, 2011, Musk stated that Falcon Heavy would "carry more payload to orbit or escape velocity than any vehicle in history, apart from the Saturn V Moon rocket ... and Soviet Energia rocket".[23] In the same year, with the expected increase in demand for both variants, SpaceX announced plans to expand manufacturing capacity "as we build towards the capability of producing a Falcon 9 first stage or Falcon Heavy side booster every week and an upper stage every two weeks".[23]
In 2015, SpaceX announced a number of changes to the Falcon Heavy rocket, worked in parallel to the upgrade of the Falcon 9 v1.1 launch vehicle.[24] In December 2016, SpaceX released a photo showing the Falcon Heavy interstage at the company headquarters in Hawthorne, California.[25]
Testing[edit]
By May 2013, a new, partly underground test stand was being built at the SpaceX Rocket Development and Test Facility in McGregor, Texas, specifically to test the triple cores and twenty-seven rocket engines of the Falcon Heavy.[26] However, no triple-core tests at McGregor have occurred. By May 2017, SpaceX did the first static fire test of flight-design Falcon Heavy center core at the McGregor facility.[27][28]
In July 2017, Musk discussed publicly the challenges of testing a complex launch vehicle like the three-core Falcon Heavy, indicating that a large extent of the new design "is really impossible to test on the ground" and could not be effectively tested independent of actual flight tests.[18]
By September 2017, all three first stage cores had completed their static fire tests on the ground test stand.[29] The first Falcon Heavy static fire test was conducted on January 24, 2018.[30]
Maiden flight[edit]
Main article: Falcon Heavy test flight
In April 2011, Musk was planning for a first launch of Falcon Heavy from Vandenberg Air Force Base on the West Coast in 2013.[23][31] SpaceX refurbished Launch Complex 4E at Vandenberg AFB to accommodate Falcon 9 and Heavy. The first launch from the Cape Canaveral East Coast launch complex was planned for late 2013 or 2014.[32]
Due partly to the failure of SpaceX CRS-7 in June 2015, SpaceX rescheduled the maiden Falcon Heavy flight in September 2015 to occur no earlier than April 2016,[33] but by February 2016 had postponed it again to late 2016. The flight was to be launched from the refurbished Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A.[34][35]
In August 2016, the demonstration flight was moved to early 2017,[36] then to summer 2017,[37] to late 2017[38] and to January 2018.[39] Future missions were rescheduled accordingly.[citation needed]
A second demonstration flight is currently scheduled for 2018 with the STP-2 U.S. Air Force payload.[40] Operational GTO missions for Intelsat and Inmarsat, which were planned for late 2017, were moved to the Falcon 9 Full Thrust rocket version as it became powerful enough to lift those heavy payloads in its expendable configuration.[41][42] The first commercial GTO mission is also scheduled in 2018 for Arabsat.[43]
At a July 2017 meeting of the International Space Station Research and Development meeting in Washington, D.C., Musk downplayed expectations for the success of the maiden flight:
There's a real good chance the vehicle won't make it to orbit ... I hope it makes it far enough away from the pad that it does not cause pad damage. I would consider even that a win, to be honest.[18]
Musk went on to say the integration and structural challenges of combining three Falcon 9 cores were much more difficult than expected.[17][18] The plan was for all three cores to land back on Earth after launch.[44]
In December 2017, Musk tweeted that the dummy payload on the maiden Falcon Heavy launch would be his personal midnight cherry Tesla Roadster playing David Bowie's "Life on Mars", and that it would be launched into an orbit around the Sun that will take it as far out as Mars' orbit.[44][45] He released pictures in the following days.[46] The car has three cameras attached that provided "epic views".[14]
Falcon Heavy a few seconds after liftoff
On December 28, 2017, the Falcon Heavy was moved to the launch pad in preparation of a static fire test of all 27 engines, which was expected on January 19, 2018.[47] However, due to the U.S. government shutdown that began on January 20, the testing and launch were further delayed.[48]
The static fire test was conducted on January 24, 2018.[30][49] Musk confirmed via Twitter that the test "was good" and announced the rocket would be launched in approximately one week.[50]
On February 6, 2018, after a delay of over two hours due to high winds, a successful maiden flight of the Falcon Heavy started at 3:45pm EST,[51] with its side boosters landing safely on Landing Zones 1 and 2.[52] However, only one of three engines on the center booster ignited during its descent, causing it to hit the water next to the droneship at a speed of over 480 km/h (300 mph).[53][54]
Initially, Elon Musk tweeted that the Roadster had overshot its planned heliocentric orbit, and would reach the asteroid belt. In fact, observations by telescopes showed that the Roadster would only slightly exceed the orbit of Mars at aphelion.[55]
Design[edit]
From left to right, Falcon 1, Falcon 9 v1.0, three versions of the Falcon 9 v1.1, three versions of Falcon 9 v1.2 (Full Thrust), and the Falcon Heavy
The Heavy configuration consists of a structurally strengthened Falcon 9 as the "core" component, with two additional Falcon 9 first stages acting as liquid fuel strap-on boosters,[10] which is conceptually similar to EELV Delta IV Heavy launcher and proposals for the Atlas V Heavy and Russian Angara A5V. Falcon Heavy has more lift capability than any other operational rocket, with a payload of 64,000 kilograms (141,000 lb) to low earth orbit and 16,800 kg (37,000 lb) to trans-Mars injection.[56] The rocket was designed to meet or exceed all current requirements of human rating. The structural safety margins are 40% above flight loads, higher than the 25% margins of other rockets.[57] Falcon Heavy was designed from the outset to carry humans into space and it would restore the possibility of flying crewed missions to the Moon or Mars.[3]
The first stage is powered by three Falcon 9 derived cores, each equipped with nine Merlin 1D engines. The Falcon Heavy has a total sea-level thrust at liftoff of 22,819 kN (5,130,000 lbf), from the 27 Merlin 1D engines, while thrust rises to 24,681 kN (5,549,000 lbf) as the craft climbs out of the atmosphere.[3] The upper stage is powered by a single Merlin 1D engine modified for vacuum operation, with a thrust of 934 kN (210,000 lbf), an expansion ratio of 117:1 and a nominal burn time of 397 seconds. At launch the center core throttles to full power for a few seconds for additional thrust, then throttles down. This allows a longer burn time. After the side boosters separate, the center core throttles back up to maximum thrust. For added reliability of restart, the engine has dual redundant pyrophoric igniters (TEA-TEB).[10] The interstage, which connects the upper and lower stage for Falcon 9, is a carbon fiber aluminum core composite structure. Stage separation occurs via reusable separation collets and a pneumatic pusher system. The Falcon 9 tank walls and domes are made from aluminium-lithium alloy. SpaceX uses an all-friction stir welded tank. The second stage tank of Falcon 9 is simply a shorter version of the first stage tank and uses most of the same tooling, material and manufacturing techniques. This approach reduces manufacturing costs during vehicle production.[10]
All three cores of the Falcon Heavy arrange the engines in a structural form SpaceX calls Octaweb, aimed at streamlining the manufacturing process,[58] and each core includes four extensible landing legs.[59] To control the descent of the boosters and center core through the atmosphere, SpaceX uses small grid fins which deploy from the vehicle after separation.[60] Immediately after the side boosters separate, the center engine in each burns for a few seconds in order to control the booster’s trajectory safely away from the rocket.[59][61] The legs then deploy as the boosters turn back to Earth, landing each softly on the ground. The center core continues to fire until stage separation, after which its legs deploy and land back on Earth on a drone ship. The landing legs are made of carbon fiber with aluminum honeycomb structure. The four legs stow along the sides of each core during liftoff and later extend outward and down for landing.[62]
Capabilities[edit]
The partially reusable Falcon Heavy falls into the heavy-lift range of launch systems, capable of lifting 20 to 50 metric tons into low Earth orbit (LEO), under the classification system used by a NASA human spaceflight review panel.[63] A fully expendable Falcon Heavy may also reach the super heavy-lift category (above 50 metric tons to LEO).
The initial concept (Falcon 9-S9 2005) envisioned payloads of 24,750 kg (54,560 lb) to LEO, but by April 2011 this was projected to be up to 53,000 kg (117,000 lb)[64] with GTO payloads up to 12,000 kg (26,000 lb).[65] Later reports in 2011 projected higher payloads beyond LEO, including 19,000 kilograms (42,000 lb) to geostationary transfer orbit,[66] 16,000 kg (35,000 lb) to translunar trajectory, and 14,000 kg (31,000 lb) on a trans-Martian orbit to Mars.[67][68]
By late 2013, SpaceX raised the projected GTO payload for Falcon Heavy to up to 21,200 kg (46,700 lb).[69]
In April 2017, the projected LEO payload for Falcon Heavy was raised from 54,400 kg (119,900 lb) to 63,800 kg (140,700 lb). The maximum payload is achieved when the rocket flies a fully expendable launch profile, not recovering any of the three first-stage boosters.[70]
Payload capacity history
Destination
Falcon Heavy
Falcon 9
Aug 2013
to Apr 2016
May 2016
to Mar 2017
Since Apr 2017
LEO (28.5°) 53,000 kg 54,400 kg 63,800 kg 22,800 kg
GTO (27°) 21,200 kg 22,200 kg 26,700 kg 8,300 kg
GTO (27°) reusable 6,400 kg 6,400 kg 8,000 kg 5,500 kg
Mars 13,200 kg 13,600 kg 16,800 kg 4,020 kg
Pluto – 2,900 kg 3,500 kg –
Reusability[edit]
Main article: SpaceX reusable launch system development program
Falcon Heavy reusable side boosters land in unison at Cape Canaveral Landing Zones 1 and 2 following test flight on 6 February 2018.
From 2013 to 2016, SpaceX conducted parallel development of a reusable rocket architecture for Falcon 9, that applies to parts of Falcon Heavy as well.
Early on, SpaceX had expressed hopes that all rocket stages would eventually be reusable.[71] SpaceX has since demonstrated routine land and sea recovery of the Falcon 9 first stage, and has made attempts to recover the payload fairing.[72] In the case of Falcon Heavy, the two outer cores separate from the rocket earlier in the flight, and are thus moving at a lower velocity than in a Falcon 9 launch profile.[62] For the first flight of Falcon Heavy, SpaceX had considered attempting to recover the second stage,[73] but did not execute this plan.
SpaceX has indicated that the Falcon Heavy payload performance to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO) will be reduced due to the addition of the reusable technology, but the rocket would fly at a much lower price. When recovering all three booster cores, GTO payload is 8,000 kg (18,000 lb). If only the two outside cores are recovered while the center core is expended, GTO payload would be approximately 16,000 kg (35,000 lb).[74] As a comparison, the next-heaviest contemporary rocket, the fully expendable Delta IV Heavy, can deliver 14,210 kg (31,330 lb) to GTO.[75] Thus, if recovering all three cores the Falcon Heavy can deliver only 56% as much mass to GTO as the Delta IV Heavy, but if the center core is expended it can deliver 12% more.
Propellant crossfeed[edit]
Falcon Heavy was originally designed with a unique "propellant crossfeed" capability, whereby the center core engines would be supplied with fuel and oxidizer from the two side cores until their separation.[76] Operating all engines at full thrust from launch, with fuel supplied mainly from the side boosters, would deplete the side boosters sooner, allowing their earlier separation. This would in turn leave most of the center core propellant available after booster separation, with a lighter load to accelerate.[77] The propellant crossfeed system was originally proposed in a 1998 book on orbital mechanics by Tom Logsdon, and nicknamed "asparagus staging".[78]
Musk stated in 2016 that crossfeed would not be implemented.[79] Instead, the center booster throttles down shortly after liftoff to conserve fuel, and resumes full thrust after the side boosters have separated.[3]
Launch prices[edit]
At an appearance in May 2004 before the United States Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, Musk testified, "Long term plans call for development of a heavy lift product and even a super-heavy, if there is customer demand. We expect that each size increase would result in a meaningful decrease in cost per pound to orbit. ... Ultimately, I believe $500 per pound or less is very achievable."[80] This $1,100 per kilogram ($500/lb) goal stated by Musk in 2011 is 35% of the cost of the lowest-cost-per-pound LEO-capable launch system in a circa-2000 study: the Zenit, a medium-lift launch vehicle that can carry 14,000 kilograms (30,000 lb) into LEO.[81]
As of March 2013[update], Falcon Heavy launch prices are below $2,200/kg ($1,000/lb) to low-Earth orbit when the launch vehicle is transporting its maximum delivered cargo weight.[82] The published prices for Falcon Heavy launches have changed somewhat from year to year, with announced prices for the various versions of Falcon Heavy priced at $80–125 million in 2011,[64] $83–128M in 2012,[65] $77–135M in 2013,[83] $85M for up to 6,400 kg (14,100 lb) to GTO in 2014, $90M for up to 8,000 kg (18,000 lb) to GTO in 2016,[84] and $150M for 63,800 kg (140,700 lb) to LEO or 26,700 kg (58,900 lb) to GTO (fully expendable)，or $95M for 90% of its maximum capacity in 2018.[2] Launch contracts typically reflect launch prices at the time the contract is signed. In 2011, SpaceX stated that the cost of reaching low Earth orbit could be as low as $2,200/kg ($1,000/lb) if an annual rate of four launches can be sustained, and as of 2011 planned to eventually launch as many as 10 Falcon Heavies and 10 Falcon 9s annually.[67] A third launch site, intended exclusively for SpaceX private use, is planned at Boca Chica Village, Texas. SpaceX started construction on the third Falcon Heavy launch facility in 2014, with the first launches from the facility no earlier than late 2018.[85][86] In late 2013, SpaceX had projected Falcon Heavy's inaugural flight to be in 2014, but it did not occur until February 2018 due to limited manufacturing capacity and the need to deliver on the Falcon 9 launch manifest.[87][88]
By late 2013, SpaceX prices for space launch were already the lowest in the industry.[89] SpaceX's price for reused spacecraft could be reduced up to 30% short term, and potentially even further in the future.[21][90]
Launches and payloads[edit]
Main article: List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches
SpaceX anticipated the next Falcon Heavy launch would be three to six months after a successful maiden flight.[91]
Flight №
Launch date
Payload
Customer
Outcome
Remarks
1 February 6, 2018, 20:45 UTC[19] Elon Musk's Tesla Roadster SpaceX Success[92] Musk's Roadster was sent to a trans-Mars injection heliocentric orbit.[93][94] Both side boosters landed successfully; the center booster suffered two engine failures on re-entry and struck the ocean, damaging two of the drone ship’s engines.[54]
2 June 2018[95] USAF STP-2 DoD Planned The mission will support the U.S. Air Force EELV certification process for the Falcon Heavy.[96] Secondary payloads include LightSail,[97] Prox-1 nanosatellite,[97] GPIM,[98][99][100] the Deep Space Atomic Clock,[101] six COSMIC-2 satellites,[102][103] and the ISAT satellite.[104]
3 2018[95] Arabsat-6A Arabsat Planned Saudi Arabian communications satellite
2020[105] ViaSat-3[106] ViaSat Planned
First commercial contracts[edit]
In May 2012, SpaceX announced that Intelsat had signed the first commercial contract for a Falcon Heavy flight. It was not confirmed at the time when the first Intelsat launch would occur, but the agreement will have SpaceX delivering satellites to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO).[107][108] In August 2016, it emerged that this Intelsat contract had been reassigned to a Falcon 9 Full Thrust mission to deliver Intelsat 35e into orbit in the third quarter of 2017.[41] Performance improvements of the Falcon 9 vehicle family since the 2012 announcement, advertising 8,300 kg to GTO for its expendable flight profile,[109] enable the launch of this 6,000 kg satellite without upgrading to a Falcon Heavy variant.
In 2014, Inmarsat booked 3 launches with Falcon Heavy,[110] but due to delays they switched a payload to Ariane 5 for 2017.[111] Similarly to the Intelsat 35e case, another satellite from this contract, Inmarsat 5-F4, was switched to a Falcon 9 Full Thrust thanks to the increased liftoff capacity.[42] The remaining contract covers the launch of Inmarsat 6-F1 in 2020 on a Falcon 9.[112]
First DoD contract: USAF[edit]
In December 2012, SpaceX announced its first Falcon Heavy launch contract with the United States Department of Defense (DoD). The United States Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center awarded SpaceX two Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV)-class missions, including the Space Test Program 2 (STP-2) mission for Falcon Heavy, originally scheduled to be launched in March 2017,[113][114] to be placed at a near circular orbit at an altitude of ~700 km, with an inclination of 70°.[115]
In April 2015, SpaceX sent in April 14 to the U.S. Air Force an updated letter of intent outlining a certification process for its Falcon Heavy rocket to launch national security satellites. The process includes three successful flights of the Falcon Heavy including two consecutive successful flights, and states that Falcon Heavy can be ready to fly national security payloads by 2017.[116] But in July 2017, SpaceX announced that the first test flight would take place in December 2017, pushing the launch of the second launch (Space Test Program 2) to June 2018.[117]
Payload[edit]
The payload for the STP-2 mission is composed of 25 small spacecraft from the U.S. military, NASA, and research institutions: [117] The Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM) will be a payload; it is a new non-toxic propellant demonstrator project partly developed by the US Air Force.[98][118] Another secondary payload is the miniaturized Deep Space Atomic Clock that is expected to facilitate autonomous navigation.[119] The Air Force Research Laboratory's Demonstration and Science Experiments (DSX) has a mass of 500 kg and will measure the effects of very low frequency radio waves on space radiation.[117] The British 'Orbital Test Bed' payload is hosting several commercial and military experiments.
Other small satellites include Prox 1, built by Georgia Tech students to test out a 3D-printed thruster and a miniaturized gyroscope, LightSail by the Planetary Society,[97] Oculus-ASR nanosatellite,[120] and CubeSats from the U.S. Air Force Academy, the Naval Postgraduate School, the Naval Research Laboratory, the University of Texas at Austin, Michigan Tech, Cal Poly, and a CubeSat assembled by students at Merritt Island High School in Florida.[117]
Crewed circumlunar flight[edit]
Main article: SpaceX lunar tourism mission
On February 27, 2017, Musk announced that SpaceX would attempt to fly two private citizens on a free-return trajectory around the Moon in late 2018, somewhat paralleling Apollo 8.[121] The Dragon 2 spacecraft would launch on the Falcon Heavy booster. The two private citizens, who have not yet been named, approached SpaceX about taking a trip around the Moon and have "already paid a significant deposit" for the cost of the mission, according to a statement from the company. The names of the two individuals will be announced later, pending the result of initial health tests to ensure their fitness for the mission, the statement said.[122] The two passengers would be the only people on board what SpaceX expects to be about a week-long trip around the Moon, according to Musk, who spoke with reporters during a phone conference. "This would be a long loop around the moon. ... It would skim the surface of the moon, go quite a bit further out into deep space and then loop back to Earth," Musk said during the teleconference. "So I'm guessing, distance-wise, maybe [about 500,000 to 650,000 kilometers]."[123] The Dragon spacecraft would operate, in large part, autonomously, but the passengers would have to train for emergency procedures. The Dragon 2 capsule will require some upgrades for the deep-space flight, but Musk said that those would be limited mainly to installing a long-range communications system.
In February 2018, Elon Musk announced that SpaceX would not go through the process of human-rating the Falcon Heavy rocket, likely foregoing SpaceX's 2018 lunar tourism mission plans.[124][125]
Solar System transport missions[edit]
In 2011, NASA Ames Research Center proposed a Mars mission called Red Dragon that would use a Falcon Heavy as the launch vehicle and trans-Martian injection vehicle, and a variant of the Dragon capsule to enter the Martian atmosphere. The proposed science objectives were to detect biosignatures and to drill 1.0 meter (3.3 ft) or so underground, in an effort to sample reservoirs of water ice known to exist under the surface. The mission cost as of 2011 was projected to be less than US$425,000,000, not including the launch cost.[126] SpaceX 2015 estimation was 2,000–4,000 kg (4,400–8,800 lb) to the surface of Mars, with a soft retropropulsive landing following a limited atmospheric deceleration using a parachute and heat shield.[127] Beyond the Red Dragon concept, SpaceX was seeing potential for Falcon Heavy and Dragon 2 to carry science payloads across much of the Solar System, particularly to Jupiter's moon Europa.[127] SpaceX announced in 2017 that propulsive landing for Dragon 2 would not be developed further, and that the capsule would not receive landing legs. Consequently, the Red Dragon missions to Mars were cancelled in favor of the BFR, a larger vehicle using a different landing technology.[128]
See also[edit]
Spaceflight portal
United States portal
Companies portal
Comparison of orbital launch systems
Comparison of orbital launchers families
SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure
Saturn C-3
Space Launch System
New Glenn
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ Musk, Elon (August 16, 2008). "Transcript – Elon Musk on the future of SpaceX". Shit Elon Says. Mars Society Conference, Boulder Colorado. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "F9/Dragon: Preparing for ISS" (Press release). SpaceX. August 15, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ de Selding, Peter B. (March 20, 2015). "SpaceX Aims To Debut New Version of Falcon 9 this Summer". Space News. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Falcon Heavy Test Stand". Retrieved May 6, 2013.
Jump up ^ Berger, Eric (May 9, 2017). "SpaceX proves Falcon Heavy is indeed a real rocket with a test firing". Ars Technica. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ @SpaceX (May 9, 2017). "First static fire test of a Falcon Heavy center core completed at our McGregor, TX rocket development facility last week" (Tweet). Retrieved May 13, 2017 – via Twitter.
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^ Jump up to: a b "SpaceX performs crucial test fire of Falcon Heavy, potentially paving way for launch". The Verge. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
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Jump up ^ de Selding, Peter B. (June 26, 2017). "SpaceX's Shotwell: 1 Falcon Heavy demo this year; satellite broadband remains 'on the side'". Space Intel Report. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Clark, Stephen (August 30, 2016). "SES agrees to launch satellite on 'flight-proven' Falcon 9 rocket". Spaceflight Now.
^ Jump up to: a b de Selding, Peter B. (November 3, 2016). "Inmarsat, juggling two launches, says SpaceX to return to flight in December". SpaceNews. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Arabsat contracts go to Lockheed Martin, Arianespace and SpaceX". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Plait, Phil. "Elon Musk: On the Roadster to Mars". Syfy Wire. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Musk says Tesla car will fly on first Falcon Heavy launch - SpaceNews.com". December 2, 2017.
Jump up ^ Knapp, Alex (December 22, 2017). "Elon Musk Shows Off Photos of a Tesla Roadster Getting Prepped to Go to Mars". Forbes. Retrieved December 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kelly, Emre (January 17, 2018). "SpaceX Falcon Heavy status updates: Now targeting Friday for test fire at KSC". Florida Today. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
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Jump up ^ Kapatos, Dennis (January 24, 2018), 01/24/2018 – Historic Falcon 9 Heavy Test Fire!, retrieved January 24, 2018
Jump up ^ Musk, Elon (January 24, 2018). "Falcon Heavy hold-down firing this morning was good. Generated quite a thunderhead of steam. Launching in a week or so.pic.twitter.com/npaqatbNir". @elonmusk. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ SpaceX [@SpaceX] (February 6, 2018). "Continue to monitor the upper level wind shear. New T-0 is 3:45 p.m. EST, 20:45 UTC." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk] (February 6, 2018). "Falcon Heavy side cores have landed at SpaceX's Landing Zones 1 and 2" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ "SpaceX Landed the Falcon Heavy's Two Boosters, But Its Core Clipped Its Drone Ship at 300 MPH". Gizmodo. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "The middle booster of SpaceX's Falcon Heavy rocket failed to land on its drone ship". The Verge. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Elon Musk's Tesla overshot Mars' orbit, but it won't reach the asteroid belt as claimed". The Verge. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
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^ Jump up to: a b Simberg, Rand (February 8, 2012). "Elon Musk on SpaceX's Reusable Rocket Plans". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved February 7, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Seeking a Human Spaceflight Program Worthy of a Great Nation" (PDF). NASA. October 2009. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Clark, Stephen (April 5, 2011). "SpaceX enters the realm of heavy-lift rocketry". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved June 4, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Space Exploration Technologies Corporation – Falcon Heavy". SpaceX. December 3, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2011. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "SpaceX Brochure" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 9, 2011. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "SpaceX Press Conference". SpaceX. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
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Jump up ^ Clark, Stephen (March 31, 2017). "SpaceX flies rocket for second time in historic test of cost-cutting technology". SpaceFlightNow. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Elon Musk [@elonmusk] (March 31, 2017). "Considering trying to bring upper stage back on Falcon Heavy demo flight for full reusability. Odds of success low, but maybe worth a shot" (Tweet). Retrieved June 24, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Svitak, Amy (March 5, 2013). "Falcon 9 Performance: Mid-size GEO?". Aviation Week. Retrieved June 24, 2017. Falcon 9 will do satellites up to roughly 3.5 tonnes, with full reusability of the boost stage, and Falcon Heavy will do satellites up to 7 tonnes with full reusability of all three boost stages," [Musk] said, referring to the three Falcon 9 booster cores that will comprise the Falcon Heavy's first stage. He also said Falcon Heavy could double its payload performance to GTO "if, for example, we went expendable on the center core.
Jump up ^ "ULA Delta IV Reference Page". United Launch Alliance. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
Jump up ^ Strickland, John K., Jr. (September 2011). "The SpaceX Falcon Heavy Booster". National Space Society. Retrieved November 24, 2012.
Jump up ^ "SpaceX Announces Launch Date for the World's Most Powerful Rocket". SpaceX. April 5, 2011. Retrieved April 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Logsdon, Tom (1998). Orbital Mechanics – Theory and Applications. New York: Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 978-0-471-14636-0. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Elon Musk [@elonmusk] (May 1, 2016). ""Does FH expendable performance include crossfeed?" "No cross feed. It would help performance, but is not needed for these numbers."" (Tweet). Retrieved June 24, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Testimony of Elon Musk (May 5, 2004). "Space Shuttle and the Future of Space Launch Vehicles". U.S. Senate. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sietzen, Frank, Jr. (March 18, 2001). "Spacelift Washington: International Space Transportation Association Faltering; The myth of $10,000 per pound". SpaceRef. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Brian Wang (March 22, 2013). "Upgraded Spacex Falcon 9.1.1 will launch 25% more than old Falcon 9 and bring price down to $4109 per kilogram to LEO". NextBigFuture. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved September 28, 2013. . Retrieved March 25, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Capabilities and Services". SpaceX. May 3, 2016. Archived from the original on July 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rumbaugh, Andrea (January 11, 2018). "Aerospace talent in Texas lauded". Houston Chronicle. SpaceX has a rocket engine testing facility in McGregor and is building a launch site in Boca Chica, said Gwynne Shotwell, president and chief operating officer of SpaceX. The latter project, she said, will be ready late this year or early next year for early vehicle testing. SpaceX will then continue working toward making it a launch site. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Foust, Jeff (April 1, 2013). "The great state space race". The Space Review. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ Svitak, Amy (March 5, 2014). "SpaceX to Compete for Air Force Launches This Year". Aviation Week. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Svitak, Amy (March 10, 2014). "SpaceX Says Falcon 9 To Compete For EELV This Year". Aviation Week. Retrieved March 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Belfiore, Michael (December 9, 2013). "The Rocketeer". Foreign Policy; Feature article. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Messier, Doug (January 14, 2014). "Shotwell: Reusable Falcon 9 Would Cost $5 to $7 Million Per Launch". Parabolic Arc. Retrieved January 15, 2014.
Jump up ^ SpaceX set for Falcon Heavy debut. Jeff Foust. Space News. February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Chang, Kenneth (February 6, 2018). "Falcon Heavy, in a Roar of Thunder, Carries SpaceX's Ambition Into Orbit" – via NYTimes.com.
Jump up ^ Musk, Elon [@elonmusk] (December 1, 2017). "Payload will be my midnight cherry Tesla Roadster playing Space Oddity. Destination is Mars orbit. Will be in deep space for a billion years or so if it doesn't blow up on ascent" (Tweet). Retrieved December 2, 2017 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ SpaceX [@SpaceX] (December 22, 2017). "A Red Car for the Red Planet instagram.com/p/BdA94kVgQhU" (Tweet). Retrieved January 8, 2018 – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b Clark, Stephen (January 15, 2018). "Launch schedule". SpaceFlight Now. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Leone, Dan (July 24, 2014). "Solar Probe Plus, NASA's 'Mission to the Fires of Hell,' Trading Atlas 5 for Bigger Launch Vehicle". Space News. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Lightsail". Planetary Society. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "About Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM)". NASA. 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM)". Ball Aerospace. 2014. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM)" (PDF). Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 20, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Deep Space Atomic Clock". NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. April 27, 2015. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "SpaceX Awarded Two EELV-Class Missions From The United States Air Force". SpaceX. December 5, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "FORMOSAT 7 / COSMIC-2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Falcon overloaded with knowledge – Falcon Heavy rocket under the Space Test Program 2 scheduled in October 2016". Spaceflights News. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ de Selding, Peter B. (February 10, 2016). "ViaSat details $1.4-billion global Ka-band satellite broadband strategy to oust incumbent players". SpaceNews. Retrieved February 13, 2016. The ViaSat-2 satellite, now in construction at Boeing Space and Intelligence Systems of El Segundo, California, will be launched in the first three months of 2017 aboard a European Ariane 5 rocket, and not the SpaceX Falcon Heavy vehicle as previously contracted. [...] ViaSat is maintaining its Falcon Heavy launch contract, which will now be used to launch one of the ViaSat-3 satellites around 2020, and has booked a reservation for a future Falcon Heavy, also for ViaSat-3, which is not yet a contract.
Jump up ^ "Third Quarter Fiscal Year 2016 Results" (Press release). ViaSat. February 9, 2016. Retrieved February 13, 2016.
Jump up ^ "SpaceX Announces First Commercial Contract For Launch In 2013". Red Orbit. May 30, 2012. Retrieved December 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Intelsat Signs First Commercial Falcon Heavy Launch Agreement With SpaceX" (Press release). SpaceX. May 29, 2012. Retrieved December 16, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Falcon 9". SpaceX. Archived from the original on August 5, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ de Selding, Peter B. (July 2, 2014). "Inmarsat Books Falcon Heavy for up to Three Launches". SpaceNews. Retrieved August 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Foust, Jeff (December 8, 2016). "Inmarsat shifts satellite from SpaceX to Arianespace". SpaceNews.
Jump up ^ Krebs, Gunter. "Inmarsat-6 F1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ David, Leonard (April 13, 2016). "Spacecraft Powered by 'Green' Propellant to Launch in 2017". Space.com. Retrieved April 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Foust, Jeff (August 9, 2016). "SpaceX offers large rockets for small satellites". SpaceNews. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "DSAC (Deep Space Atomic Clock)". NASA. Earth Observation Resources. 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ Gruss, Mike (April 15, 2015). "SpaceX Sends Air Force an Outline for Falcon Heavy Certification". Space News. Retrieved April 21, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Rideshare mission for U.S. military confirmed as second Falcon Heavy launch. Stephen Clark, Spaceflight Now. 1 March 2018.
Jump up ^ "Green Propellant Infusion Mission Project" (PDF). NASA. July 2013. Retrieved February 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Deep Space Atomic Clock". NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. NASA. April 27, 2015. Retrieved October 28, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Oculus-ASR". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
Jump up ^ Kenneth Chang (February 27, 2017). "SpaceX Plans to Send 2 Tourists Around Moon in 2018". The New York Times. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "SpaceX To Send Privately Crewed Dragon Spacecraft Beyond The Moon Next Year". SpaceX. February 27, 2017. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Calla Cofield (February 27, 2017). "SpaceX to Fly Passengers On Private Trip Around the Moon in 2018". Space.com. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Foust, Jeff. "SpaceX no longer planning crewed missions on Falcon Heavy". Spacenews. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Pasztor, Andy. "Elon Musk Says SpaceX's New Falcon Heavy Rocket Unlikely to Carry Astronauts". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wall, Mike (July 31, 2011). "'Red Dragon' Mission Mulled as Cheap Search for Mars Life". SPACE.com. Retrieved July 31, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Bergin, Chris (May 11, 2015). "Falcon Heavy enabler for Dragon solar system explorer". NASASpaceFlight. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Elon Musk suggests SpaceX is scrapping its plans to land Dragon capsules on Mars The Verge July 19, 2017
External links[edit]
Falcon Heavy official page
Falcon Heavy flight animation, February 2018.
Elon Musk on how Falcon Heavy will change space travel, The Verge YouTube
[show]
v
t
e
SpaceX
History of SpaceX
Vehicles
Rockets
Current
Falcon 9
Full Thrust
Falcon Heavy
In development
Falcon 9 Block 5
BFR
Retired
Falcon 1
Falcon 9
v1.0
v1.1
Cancelled
Falcon 1e
Falcon 5
Falcon 9 Air
ITS launch vehicle
Test vehicles
Grasshopper (retired)
F9R Dev1† (destroyed)
DragonFly
Spacecraft
Dragon
Dragon 2
BFR satellite delivery spacecraft
BFR spaceship
BFR tanker
Reusable hardware
First-stage boosters
B1019
B1021
B1029
Cargo capsules
C106
Engines
Merlin (1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, Vacuum)
Kestrel (retired)
Draco
SuperDraco
Raptor
Methalox thruster
Missions
Falcon 1 launches
Falcon 9 launches
Falcon Heavy launches
test flight
Lunar tourism
Launch sites
Orbital
Cape Canaveral, Florida
CCAFS Launch Complex 40
Kennedy Launch Pad 39A
Vandenberg, California
Launch Complex 4E
Brownsville, Texas
Boca Chica
Kwajalein, Marshall Islands
Omelek Island†
Suborbital
McGregor test site
New Mexico test site†
Landing sites
Autonomous spaceport drone ships
Landing Zones 1 and 2, Cape Canaveral
Launch Complex 4W, Vandenberg
Other facilities
Headquarters and factory (Hawthorne, California)
Rocket development and test facility (McGregor, Texas)
Satellite development facility (Redmond, Washington)
Regional offices (Chantilly, Houston, Seattle, Washington DC)
Contracts
Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS)
Commercial Resupply Services (CRS)
Commercial Crew Development (CCDev)
Commercial Crew integrated Capability (CCiCap)
R&D programs
SpaceX reusable launch system development program
Falcon 9 first-stage landing tests
Red Dragon (cancelled)
SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure
Starlink
People
Elon Musk (CEO, CTO)
Gwynne Shotwell (President & COO)
Tom Mueller (VP of Propulsion Development)
Italics indicate unflown vehicles and future missions or sites. † denotes failed missions, destroyed vehicles and abandoned sites.
[show]
v
t
e
Falcon rocket launches
SpaceX
Falcon rocket family
Falcon 1
Falcon 9
v1.0
v1.1
Full Thrust
Block 5
Falcon Heavy
Falcon 1 missions
Demo 1† (FalconSAT-2)
Demo 2†
Flight 3†
Trailblazer
PRESat
NanoSail-D
Explorers
Ratsat
RazakSAT
Falcon 9 missions
Demonstration flights
Dragon Spacecraft Qualification Unit
NASA COTS Demo Flight 1
Dragon C2+
SpX-DM1
SpX-DM2
Dragon ISS logistics
CRS-1
CRS-2
CRS-3
CRS-4
CRS-5
CRS-6
CRS-7†
CRS-8
CRS-9
CRS-10
CRS-11
CRS-12
CRS-13
CRS-14
CRS-15
CRS-16
CRS-17
CRS-18
CRS-19
CRS-20
(missions contracted up to CRS-26)
Commercial satellites
SES-8
Thaicom 6
Orbcomm OG2 × 6
AsiaSat 8
AsiaSat 6
ABS-3A / Eutelsat 115 West B
TürkmenÄlem 52°E
Orbcomm OG2 × 11
SES-9
JCSAT-14
Thaicom 8
ABS-2A / Eutelsat 117 West B
JCSAT-16
Amos-6†
Iridium NEXT 1–10
EchoStar 23
SES-10
Inmarsat-5 F4
BulgariaSat-1
Iridium NEXT 11–20
Intelsat 35e
Iridium NEXT 21–30
SES-11
Koreasat 5A
Iridium NEXT 31–40
Hispasat 30W-6
Iridium NEXT 41–50
Bangabandhu-1
Iridium NEXT 51–55
SES-12
Telstar 19V
Iridium NEXT 56–65
SSO-A
Telkom 4
Iridium NEXT 66–75
Telstar 18V
Scientific satellites
CASSIOPE
DSCOVR
Jason-3
Formosat-5
TESS
GRACE-FO
SAOCOM 1A
RADARSAT Constellation
Military satellites
NROL-76
X-37B OTV-5
Zuma
GovSat-1
Paz
GPS IIIA-01
Falcon Heavy missions
Test flight
Tesla Roadster
USAF STP-2
DSX
FormoSat-7
LightSail 2
GPIM
DSAC
ISAT
ArabSat 6A
ViaSat 3
Italics indicate future missions and vehicles under development. † denotes failed missions and destroyed vehicles.
[show]
v
t
e
Reusable launch systems
[hide]
Partially reusable
Active
Falcon 9 Full Thrust (first stage)
Falcon Heavy (core stages)
In development
Adeline engine pack for Ariane 6
Baikal booster for Angara
New Glenn (first stage)
RLV-TD
Vulcan (engines)
Retired
Buran
Space Shuttle
Cancelled
Ares I
Ares V
Falcon 1e
Falcon 5
HOPE-X
Hopper / Phoenix
Liquid Fly-back Booster
MAKS
Reusable Booster System
Saturn-Shuttle
[hide]
Completely reusable
Active
New Shepard
SpaceShipTwo
In development
BFR
Skylon
Retired
SpaceShipOne
X-15
Cancelled
Avatar
Energia II (Uragan)
Goodyear Meteor Junior
HOTOL
ITS
K-1
Lynx
Roton
Sea Dragon
SOAR
SpaceShipThree
VentureStar
X-30 NASP
X-33
MUSTARD
Italics indicates suborbital launch systems
‡ - Reusability currently in development
[show]
v
t
e
Orbital launch systems
Current
Spaceflight portal
Angara
A5
Antares 230
Ariane 5
Atlas V
Delta
II
IV
Electron
Epsilon
Falcon 9
v1.2 "Full Thrust"
Falcon Heavy
GSLV
Mk II
Mk III
H-IIA
H-IIB
Kuaizhou
1
1A
Long March
2C
2D
2F
3A
3B/E
3C
4B
4C
5
6
7
11
Minotaur
I
IV
V
C
Pegasus
Proton-M
PSLV
Rokot
Safir
Shavit
Simorgh
Soyuz-FG
Soyuz-2
2.1a / STA
2.1b / STB
2-1v
SPARK
SS-520
Strela
Unha
Vega
Zenit
3SL
3SLB
3F
In development
Angara
1.2
A5P
Antares 300
Ariane 6
Arion 2
BFR
Cyclone-4M
Eris
Falcon 9 Block 5
Firefly Alpha
H3
Haas 2CA
Kuaizhou
11
21
31
LandSpace-1
Long March
8
9
LauncherOne
Mayak
Naga-L
Naro-2
New Glenn
New Line 1
NGL
Oril (uk)
Proton
Light
Medium
RPS
SLS
Soyuz-5
Soyuz-7
Tronador II
ULV
Vector-R
Vector-H
VLM
Vulcan
Xinshi-1
Yun Feng
Retired
Antares 110/120/130
Ariane
1
2
3
4
ASLV
Athena
I
II
Atlas
B
D
E/F
G
H
I
II
III
LV-3B
SLV-3
Able
Agena
Centaur
Black Arrow
Conestoga
Delta
A
B
C
D
E
G
J
L
M
N
0100
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
III
Diamant
Dnepr
Energia
Europa
Falcon 1
Falcon 9
v1.0
v1.1
Feng Bao 1
GSLV
Mk I
H-I
H-II
Juno I
Juno II
Kaituozhe-1
Kosmos
1
2I
3
3M
Lambda 4S
Long March
1
2A
2E
3
3B
4A
Mu
4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII
V
N1
N-I
N-II
Naro-1
Paektusan
Pilot
Proton
UR-500
K
R-7
Luna
Molniya
M
L
Polyot
Soyuz
original
L
M
U
U2
Soyuz/Vostok
Sputnik
Voskhod
Vostok
L
K
2
2M
R-29
Shtil'
Volna
Saturn
I
IB
V
INT-21
Scout
SLV
Space Shuttle
Sparta
Start-1
Thor
Able
Ablestar
Agena
Burner
Delta
DSV-2U
Thorad-Agena
Titan
II GLV
IIIA
IIIB
IIIC
IIID
IIIE
34D
23G
CT-3
IV
Tsyklon
2
3
4
Vanguard
VLS-1
Zenit
2
2M
List of orbital launch systems
Comparison of orbital launch systems
[show]
v
t
e
Orbital launch systems developed in the United States
Active
Antares
Atlas V
Delta
II
IV
Heavy
Falcon 9
v1.2 "Full Thrust"
Falcon Heavy
Minotaur
I
IV
V
C
Pegasus
SPARK
In development
BFR
Falcon 9 Block 5
New Glenn
SLS
Vulcan
Retired
Ares
I
V
Athena
I
II
Atlas
B
D
E/F
G
H
I
II
III
LV-3B
SLV-3
Able
Agena
Centaur
Conestoga
Delta
A
B
C
D
E
G
J
L
M
N
0100
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
III
Falcon 1
Falcon 9
v1.0
v1.1
H-I*
Juno I
Juno II
N-I*
N-II*
Pilot
Saturn
I
IB
V
INT-21
Scout
Shuttle
Sparta
Thor
Able
Ablestar
Agena
Burner
Delta
DSV-2U
Thorad-Agena
Titan
II GLV
IIIA
IIIB
IIIC
IIID
IIIE
34D
23G
CT-3
IV
Vanguard
* - Japanese projects using US rockets or stages
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Falcon_Heavy&oldid=835473350"
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Falcon Heavy
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