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Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)
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Alice in Wonderland
1951 original theatrical release poster
Directed by
Clyde Geronimi
Wilfred Jackson
Hamilton Luske
Produced by
Walt Disney
Story by
Milt Banta
Del Connell
William Cottrell
Joe Grant
Winston Hibler
Dick Huemer
Dick Kelsey
Tom Oreb
Bill Peet
Erdman Penner
Joe Rinaldi
Ted Sears
John Walbridge
Based on
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass
by Lewis Carroll
Starring
Kathryn Beaumont
Ed Wynn
Richard Haydn
Sterling Holloway
Jerry Colonna
Verna Felton
J. Pat O'Malley
Bill Thompson
Heather Angel
Music by
Oliver Wallace
Edited by
Lloyd Richardson
Production
company
Walt Disney Productions
Distributed by
RKO Radio Pictures
Release date
July 26, 1951 (1951-07-26) (World premiere-London)[1]
July 28, 1951 (1951-07-28) (US)[1]
Running time
75 minutes[2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$3 million[3]
Box office
$5.2 million (US, 1951)[4]
Alice in Wonderland is a 1951 American animated musical fantasy-adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions and based on the Alice books by Lewis Carroll. The 13th of Disney's animated features, the film premiered in New York City and London on July 26, 1951. The film features the voices of Kathryn Beaumont as Alice, Sterling Holloway as the Cheshire Cat, Verna Felton as the Queen of Hearts, and Ed Wynn as the Mad Hatter.
Walt Disney first attempted unsuccessfully to adapt Alice into an animated feature film during the 1930s. However, he finally revived the idea in the 1940s. The film was originally intended to be a live-action/animated film; however, Disney decided to make it an all-animated feature in 1946. The theme song of the same name has since become a jazz standard. While the film was critically panned on its initial release, the movie proved to be ahead of its time and has since been regarded as one of Disney's greatest animated classics, notably one of the biggest cult classics in the animation medium, as well as one of the best film adaptations of Alice.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Directing animators[6]
4 Production
4.1 Development
4.2 Writing
4.3 Music
5 Release and reception
6 Soundtrack
6.1 Audio CD track listing
7 Media and merchandise
7.1 Stage version
7.2 References in other Disney films
7.3 Theme parks
7.4 Video games
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
On a riverbank, Alice spots a White Rabbit in a waistcoat passing by, exclaiming that he is "late for a very important date". She gives chase, following him into a large rabbit hole. She sees him leave through a tiny door, whose talking knob advises her to shrink to an appropriate height by drinking from a bottle marked "Drink Me". She does so and floats out through the keyhole in a sea of her own tears, which she cried after eating a biscuit marked "Eat Me" caused her to grow very large. As she continues to follow the Rabbit, she meets numerous characters, including Tweedledum and Tweedledee, who recount the tale of "The Walrus and the Carpenter".
Alice tracks the Rabbit to his house; he sends her to retrieve his gloves after mistaking her for his housemaid. While searching for them, she eats another cookie marked “Eat Me” from his cookie canister and grows large again, getting stuck in the house. Thinking she is a monster, he brings the Dodo over to help him get rid of her. When the Dodo decides to burn the house down, Alice escapes by eating a carrot from the Rabbit's garden, which causes her to shrink to three inches tall, and continues following him. Along the way, she meets a garden of talking flowers who initially welcome her with a song, but then mistake her for a weed and order her to leave, followed by a Caterpillar, who becomes enraged after she tells him she is distressed at her current height, as he is the same height, and turns into a butterfly. Before leaving, he advises her to eat a piece of his mushroom to alter her size. She does so and manages to return to her original height, and continues following the Rabbit.
In the woods, Alice meets the Cheshire Cat, who advises her to visit the Mad Hatter or the March Hare to find out where the Rabbit is. She encounters both, along with the Dormouse, at the Hare's house having a mad tea party and celebrating their "unbirthday". They celebrate her unbirthday too, but she becomes frustrated at them interrupting her every time she tries to speak. As she is above to leave, the Rabbit appears, continuing to exclaim that he is late; the Hatter examines his pocket watch and says it is "two days slow", and attempts to “fix” it by filling it with food and tea but ends up having to destroy it after it goes "mad". The Rabbit laments that his watch was an "unbirthday present", and the Hatter and Hare sing "The Unbirthday Song" to him before throwing him back into the woods. Fed up with the nonsense, Alice decides to go home, but her surroundings have completely changed and she gets lost. Fearing she is lost forever, she sits on a rock sobbing.
The Cheshire Cat reappears and advises Alice to ask the Queen of Hearts for directions home, showing her a "shortcut" to the King and tyrannical Queen's castle. The Queen orders the beheading of a trio of playing card gardeners who mistakenly planted white roses instead of red ones, and invites (or rather forces) Alice to play against her in a croquet match, in which live flamingos, card guards and hedgehogs are used as equipment. The animals and card guards rig the game in favor of the Queen. The Cat appears again and plays a trick on the Queen, causing her to fall over. She blames Alice for this, and Alice is arrested and put on trial.
At Alice's trial, the Mad Hatter, March Hare and Dormouse are called to the stand as witnesses, briefly celebrating the Queen's unbirthday and giving her a headpiece as a present, which turns into the Cat. Chaos ensues when the frightened Dormouse runs around the courtroom. As the Queen orders Alice’s execution, Alice eats the pieces of the Caterpillar's mushroom she saved and grows large again. The King and Queen order her to leave the courthouse, but she refuses and insults the Queen. As she does so, she returns to her normal size, and the Queen orders her execution. Alice flees, and the Queen, King, card guards and other characters give chase. When she reaches the small door she encountered at the beginning of the film, he shows her that she is actually already outside, asleep. She wakes up and leaves the riverbank with her sister and Dinah to go home for tea.
Cast[edit]
Kathryn Beaumont as Alice
Ed Wynn as Mad Hatter
Jerry Colonna as March Hare
Richard Haydn as Caterpillar
Sterling Holloway as Cheshire Cat
Verna Felton as Queen of Hearts
J. Pat O'Malley as Tweedledum and Tweedledee/The Walrus and the Carpenter/Mother Oyster
Bill Thompson as White Rabbit/The Dodo
Heather Angel as Alice's sister
Joseph Kearns as Doorknob
Larry Grey as Bill the Lizard/Card Painter
Queenie Leonard as A Bird in a Tree/Snooty Flower
Dink Trout as King of Hearts
Doris Lloyd as The Rose
Jimmy MacDonald as The Dormouse
The Mellomen (Thurl Ravenscroft, Bill Lee, Max Smith, and Bob Hamlin) as Card Painters
Don Barclay as Other Cards
Lucille Bliss as Flowers[5]
Pinto Colvig as Flamingos
Tommy Luske as Young Pansy
Marni Nixon as Singing Flowers
Norma Zimmer as White Rose
Directing animators[6][edit]
Marc Davis (Alice)
Milt Kahl (The Dodo, Alice, Flamingo)
Eric Larson (Alice, Caterpillar, Queen of Hearts)
Frank Thomas (Doorknob, Queen of Hearts, Wonderland Creatures)
Ollie Johnston (Alice, King of Hearts)
Ward Kimball (Tweedledee and Tweedledum, The Walrus and The Carpenter, Oysters, Cheshire Cat, Mad Hatter, March Hare, Dormouse)
John Lounsbery (Flowers, Caterpillar, Cheshire Cat, Mad Hatter, Wonderland creatures)
Wolfgang Reitherman (White Rabbit, The Carpenter, The Dodo, Mad Hatter, March Hare)
Les Clark (Alice, Wonderland creatures)
Norm Ferguson (The Walrus and The Carpenter)
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
The history of Walt Disney's association with Lewis Carroll's Alice books (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass) stretches all the way back to his childhood. Like many children of the time he was familiar with the Alice books and had read them as a school boy.[7]
In 1923, Disney was still a 21-year-old filmmaker trying to make a name for himself by working at the Laugh-O-Gram Studio in Kansas City, making the unsuccessful short cartoon series by the name of Newman Laugh-O-Grams. The last of Newman Laugh-O-Grams was called Alice's Wonderland, which was loosely inspired by the Alice books. The short featured a live-action girl (Virginia Davis) interacting in an animated world. Faced with business problems, however, the Laugh-O-Gram Studio went bankrupt in July 1923, and the film was never released to the general public.[8] However, Disney left for Hollywood and used the film as a sort of pilot to show to potential distributors. Margaret J. Winkler of Winkler Pictures agreed to distribute the Alice Comedies, and Disney partnered with his older brother Roy O. Disney and re-hired Kansas City co-workers including Ub Iwerks, Rudolph Ising, Friz Freleng, Carman Maxwell and Hugh Harman to form Disney Bros. Studios (later Walt Disney Productions).[8] The series began in 1924 before being retired in 1927.
In 1932, Disney began playing with the idea of making an animated feature film and repeatedly turned to the idea of making a feature-length animated/live-action version of Alice starring Mary Pickford, and even purchased the rights to Sir John Tenniel's illustrations (still under copyright at the time).[7][9] However, these plans were eventually scrapped in favor of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, mainly because Disney was put off by Paramount's 1933 live-action adaptation.[7] However, Disney did not completely abandon the idea of adapting Alice, and in 1936 made the Mickey Mouse cartoon Thru the Mirror.
In 1938, after the enormous success of Snow White, Disney revived the idea of making an Alice feature and officially registered the title Alice in Wonderland with the Motion Picture Association of America and hired storyboard artist Al Perkins and art director David S. Hall to develop the story and concept art for the film.[7] A storyreel was complete in 1939, but Walt was not pleased as he felt that Hall's drawings resembled Tenniel's drawings too closely making them too difficult to animate and that the overall tone of Perkins' script was too grotesque and dark.[7] Realising the amount of work needed for Alice in Wonderland, as well as the economic devastation of the World War II and the production demands of Pinocchio, Fantasia, and Bambi, Walt shelved production on Alice in Wonderland shortly after the screening.[9]
In 1945, shortly after the war ended, Disney once again revived Alice in Wonderland and assigned British author Aldous Huxley to re-write the script. However, Walt felt that Huxley's version was too much of a literal adaptation of Carroll's book.[9] Background artist Mary Blair submitted some concept drawings for Alice in Wonderland. Blair's paintings moved away from Tenniel's sketchy illustrations by taking a modernist stance, using bold and unreal colors. Walt liked Blair's designs, and the script was re-written to focus on comedy, music, and the whimsical side to Carroll's book.[9]
Disney toyed with the idea of having a live-action/animated version of Alice in Wonderland (in a similar fashion to his Alice Comedies) that would star Ginger Rogers and would utilize the recently developed sodium vapor process.[10] Lisa Davis Waltz (who would later voice Anita Radcliffe in One Hundred and One Dalmatians) and Luana Patten were also considered for the role of Alice.[9][11] However, Walt soon realized that he could only do justice to the book by making an all-animated feature, and in 1946, work began on an all-animated version of Alice in Wonderland.[7]
Writing[edit]
Through various drafts of the script, many sequences that were present in Caroll's book drifted in and out of the story. However, Walt insisted that the scenes themselves keep close to those in the novel since most of its humor is in the writing.[7]
One omitted scene from the 1939 treatment of the film occurred outside the Duchess' manor, where The Fish Footman is giving a message to The Frog Footman to take to the Duchess saying that she is invited to play croquet with The Queen of Hearts. Alice overhears this and sneaks into the kitchen of the manor, where she finds the Duchess' Cook maniacally cooking and the Duchess nursing her baby. The cook is spraying pepper all over the room causing the Duchess and Alice to sneeze and the Baby to cry. After a quick conversation between Alice and the Duchess, the quick-tempered Cook starts throwing pots and pans at the noisy baby. Alice rescues the baby, but as she leaves the house the baby turns into a pig and runs away.[12] The scene was scrapped for pacing reasons.
Another scene that was deleted from a later draft occurred in Tulgey Wood, where Alice encountered what appeared to be a sinister-looking Jabberwock hiding in the dark, before revealing himself as a comical looking dragon-like beast with bells and factory whistles on his head. A song, "Beware the Jabberwock", was also written. However, the scene was scrapped in favor of The Walrus and the Carpenter poem.[7] Out of a desire to keep the Jabberwocky poem in the film, it was made to replace an original song for the Cheshire Cat, "I'm Odd".
Another deleted scene in Tulgey Wood shows Alice consulting with The White Knight, who was meant to be somewhat of a caricature of Walt Disney. Although Walt liked the scene, he felt it was better if Alice learned her lesson by herself, hence the song "Very Good Advice".[7]
Other characters, such as The Mock Turtle and the Gryphon were discarded for pacing reasons.
Music[edit]
In an effort to retain some of Carroll's imaginative verses and poems, Disney commissioned top songwriters to compose songs built around them for use in the film. A record number of potential songs were written for the film, based on Carroll's verses—over 30—and many of them found a way into the film, if only for a few brief moments. Alice in Wonderland would boast the greatest number of songs included in any Disney film, but because some of them last for mere seconds (like "How Do You Do and Shake Hands", "We'll Smoke the Monster Out", "'Twas Brillig", "The Caucus Race", and others), this fact is frequently overlooked. The original song that Alice was to sing in the beginning was titled "Beyond the Laughing Sky". The song, like so many other dropped songs, was not used by the producers. However, the composition was kept and the lyrics were changed. It later became the title song for Peter Pan (which was in production at the same time), "The Second Star to the Right".
The title song, composed by Sammy Fain, has become a jazz standard, first adopted by jazz pianist Dave Brubeck; featured first in 1952, then on his 1957 Columbia album Dave Digs Disney.
Izumi Yukimura sang her own theme song for the Japanese release of the film.
The song, "In a World of My Own," is included on the orange disc of Classic Disney: 60 Years of Musical Magic.
Release and reception[edit]
At the time, these creative decisions were met with great criticism from Carroll fans, as well as from British film and literary critics who accused Disney of "Americanizing" a great work of English literature.[13] Disney was not surprised by the critical reception to Alice in Wonderland – his version of Alice was intended for large family audiences, not literary critics – but despite all the long years of thought and effort, the film met with a lukewarm response at the box office and was a sharp disappointment in its initial release,[14] earning an estimated $2.4 million at the US box office in 1951.[15]
Though not an outright disaster, the film was never re-released theatrically in Disney's lifetime, airing instead every so often on network television. In fact, Alice in Wonderland aired as the second episode of Walt Disney's Disneyland TV series on ABC in 1954, in a severely edited version cut down to less than an hour. In The Disney Films, Leonard Maltin relates animator Ward Kimball felt the film failed because "it suffered from too many cooks – directors. Here was a case of five directors each trying to top the other guy and make his sequence the biggest and craziest in the show. This had a self-canceling effect on the final product."[16] Walt Disney himself felt that the film failed because there was no "warmth" in Alice's character.[17]
Almost two decades after its original release, after the North American success of George Dunning's animated film Yellow Submarine (1968), Disney's version of Alice in Wonderland suddenly found itself in vogue with the times. In fact, because of Mary Blair's art direction and the long-standing association of Carroll's Alice in Wonderland with the drug culture, the feature was re-discovered as something of a "head film" (along with Fantasia and The Three Caballeros) among the college-aged and was shown in various college towns across the country. Disney resisted this association, and even withdrew prints of the film from universities, but then, in 1974, Disney gave Alice in Wonderland its first theatrical re-release ever, and the company even promoted it as a film in tune with the "psychedelic" times (mostly from the hit song "White Rabbit" performed by Jefferson Airplane). This re-release was so successful it warranted a subsequent re-release in 1981. Its first UK re-release was on July 26, 1979.
Later, with the advent of the home video market, Disney chose to make Alice in Wonderland one of the first titles available for the rental market on VHS and Beta and for retail sale on RCA's short-lived CED Videodisc format. The film was released on October 15, 1981 on VHS, CED Videodisc, and Betamax and May 28, 1986 on VHS, Betamax, and Laserdisc in the Walt Disney Classics, (though it was mastered for tape in 1985), staying in general release ever since, with a 40th Anniversary video release in 1991 (this and the 1986 video release were in Disney's Classics Collection), followed by an October 28, 1994 October 14, 1997 VHS and Laserdisc release as a part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection.VHS and Laserdisc release as a part of the Walt Disney Masterpiece Collection. It was released on Region 1 DVD on July 4, 2000 (under the Gold Classic Collection DVD series). A fully restored two-disc "Masterpiece Edition" was released on January 27, 2004, including the full hour-long episode of the Disney television show with Kathryn Beaumont, Edgar Bergen, Charlie McCarthy and Mortimer Snerd, Bobby Driscoll and others that promoted the film, computer games, deleted scenes, songs and related materials, which went back on moratorium in January 2009. Disney released a 2-disc special "Un-Anniversary" edition DVD on March 30, 2010 in order to promote the then-new Tim Burton film.[18] The movie was released in a Blu-ray/DVD combo on February 1, 2011 to celebrate its 60th anniversary[19] featuring a new HD restoration of the movie and many released bonus features. Disney re-released the film on Blu-ray and DVD on April 26, 2016 to celebrate the film's 65th anniversary.
On the film aggregator website, Rotten Tomatoes, the overall rating of the film is a "fresh" 79% from 28 critical reviews with an average rating of 6.4/10. Its consensus states that "A good introduction to Lewis Carroll's classic, Alice in Wonderland boasts some of the Disney canon's most surreal and twisted images."[20]
The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture, but lost to An American in Paris.[21]
Soundtrack[edit]
The film soundtrack was first released on LP record on July 28, 1951. The soundtrack was re-released on Audio CD by Walt Disney Records on February 3, 1998.;[22] Songs in the film
"Alice in Wonderland" – The Jud Conlon Chorus and The Mellomen
"In a World of My Own" – Alice
"I'm Late" – White Rabbit
"The Sailor's Hornpipe" – Dodo
"The Caucus Race" – Dodo and Animals
"How Do You Do and Shake Hands?" – Tweedledee and Tweedledum
"The Walrus and the Carpenter" – Tweedledee and Tweedledum
"Old Father William" – Tweedledee and Tweedledum
"Smoke the Blighter Out" – Dodo and White Rabbit
"All in the Golden Afternoon" – The Flowers and Alice
"A-E-I-O-U" – Caterpillar
"'Twas Brillig" – Cheshire Cat
"The Unbirthday Song" – Mad Hatter, March Hare, and Alice
"Very Good Advice" – Alice
"Painting the Roses Red" – The Playing Cards (The Jud Conlon Chorus) and Alice/"Who's Been Painting My Roses Red?" (Reprise) – Queen of Hearts and The Playing Cards
"The Unbirthday Song" (Reprise) – Mad Hatter, March Hare, The Queen of Hearts, and The Playing Cards
"The Caucus Race" (Reprise) – The Entire Cast Minus Alice
"Alice in Wonderland" (Reprise) – The Jud Conlon Chorus and The Mellomen
Songs written for film but did not appear
"Beyond the Laughing Sky" – Alice (replaced by "In a World of My Own"; this melody was later used for "The Second Star to the Right" in Peter Pan)
"Dream Caravan" – Caterpillar (replaced by "A-E-I-O-U")
"I'm Odd" – Cheshire Cat (replaced by "'Twas Brillig")
"Beware the Jabberwock" – Chorus (Stan Freberg, Daws Butler, and the Rhythmaires), referring to deleted character
"So They Say" – Alice
"If You'll Believe in Me" – The Lion and The Unicorn (deleted characters)
"Beautiful Soup" – The Mock Turtle and The Gryphon (almost yet deleted characters) set to the tune of the Blue Danube (the Walt Disney company also used Blue Danube in the two cartoons, Jungle Rhythm and Night).
"Everything Has a Useness" – Meant for Caterpillar, in which he explains to Alice that everything has a purpose—in this case, the use of the mushroom.
"Curiosity" – unknown purpose
"Humpty Dumpty"
"Speak Roughly to Your Little Boy" – The Duchess (deleted character)
"Will You Join the Dance?"
Audio CD track listing[edit]
"Main Title (Alice in Wonderland)"
"Pay Attention/In a World of My Own"
"I'm Late"
"Curiosity Leads to Trouble/Simply Impassable"
"The Sailor's Hornpipe/The Caucus Race"
"We're Not Waxworks"
"How D'Ye Do and Shake Hands/Curious?"
"The Walrus and the Carpenter"
"Old Father William"
"Mary Ann!/A Lizard with a Ladder/We'll Smoke the Blighter Out"
"The Garden/All in the Golden Afternoon"
"What Genus Are You?"
"A-E-I-O-U (Ray the Caterpillar Song/Who R U?)"
"A Serpent!"
"Alone Again/'Twas Brillig/Lose Something"
"The Mad Tea Party/The Unbirthday Song"
"The Tulgey Wood" (Music incomplete on audio CD)
"Very Good Advice"
"Whom Did You Expect"
"Painting the Roses Red/March of the Cards"
"Marie the Queen of Hearts/Who's Been Painting My Roses Red?"
"A Little Girl/Let the Game Begin/I Warn You Child"
"The Trial/The Unbirthday Song (Reprise)/Rule 42/Off with Her Head/The Caucus Race"
Media and merchandise[edit]
Stage version[edit]
Alice in Wonderland has been condensed into a one act stage version entitled, Alice in Wonderland, Jr.. The stage version is solely meant for middle and high school productions and includes the majority of the film's songs and others including Song of the South's "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah", two new reprises of "I'm Late!", and three new numbers entitled "Ocean of Tears", "Simon Says", and "Who Are You?" respectively. This 60–80 minute version is licensed by Music Theatre International in the Broadway, Jr. Collection along with other Disney Theatrical shows such as Disney's Aladdin, Jr., Disney's Mulan, Jr., Beauty and the Beast, Disney's High School Musical: On Stage!, Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida, and many more.[23]
References in other Disney films[edit]
In Donald in Mathmagic Land, Donald Duck wears Alice's dress and has her hairstyle but brown not blond. A larger pencil bird is in the film as well.
Bill the Lizard appears as one of Professor Ratigan's henchmen in The Great Mouse Detective.
Alice and several other characters from the film were featured as guests in House of Mouse, and the Queen of Hearts was one of the villains featured in Mickey's House of Villains. The Mad Hatter was also featured in Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse.
The Mad Hatter and the March Hare were also featured in several episodes of Bonkers.
Bill the Lizard, Tweedledum, Cheshire Cat and the doorknob also appear in the 1988 Disney film Who Framed Roger Rabbit.
In the opening of Aladdin, the peddler tries to sell a hookah much like the one the Caterpillar used.
In Aladdin and the King of Thieves, the Genie turns into the White Rabbit.
On Darkwing Duck, there is a villain called Tuskernini, a character that somewhat resembles the walrus.
Weebo shows clips of the film on her screen in Flubber.
An episode of Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, entitled "Mickey's Adventures in Wonderland", is based on the film.
During the song When You Wish upon a Star in Disney's Pinocchio, the book for Alice in Wonderland can be seen on the bookshelf where Jiminy Cricket is singing from. This reference can be considered indirect as the film was released 11 years prior to Alice in Wonderland.
Theme parks[edit]
Alice at Disneyland, 2012.
Costumed versions of Alice, The Mad Hatter, The White Rabbit, The Queen of Hearts, Tweedledum, and Tweedledee make regular appearances at the Disney theme parks and resorts, and other characters from the film (including the Walrus and the March Hare) have featured in the theme parks. More famously, all five Disneyland-style theme parks feature Mad Tea Party, a teacups ride based on Disney's adaptation of Alice in Wonderland.
Alice in Wonderland is also frequently featured in many parades and shows in the Disney Theme Parks, including The Main Street Electrical Parade, SpectroMagic, Fantasmic!, Dreamlights, The Move It! Shake It! Celebrate It! Street Party and Walt Disney's Parade of Dreams. Disneyland contains a dark ride based on the film in addition to the teacups,[24] and Disneyland Paris also contains a hedge maze called Alice's Curious Labyrinth, which takes its inspiration from the film.[25] The now-defunct Mickey Mouse Revue, shown at Walt Disney World and later at Tokyo Disneyland, contained characters and scenes from the film.
The 2010 Tim Burton adaptation had much less of an effect on the park, only inspiring Mad T Party, a nighttime event at Disney California Adventure.
Video games[edit]
In Disney's Villains' Revenge, the Queen of Hearts is one of the villains who tries to turn the ending to her story to where she finally cuts off Alice's head. Mickey Mousecapade features various characters from the film. The Japanese version, in fact, is based very heavily on the film, with almost every reference in the game coming from the film.
A video game version of the film was released on Game Boy Color by Nintendo of America on October 4, 2000 in North America. Additionally, in the video games Kingdom Hearts and Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, Wonderland is a playable world. Alice is also a major character in the overall plot of the first game due to her role as one of seven "Princesses of Heart". Other characters from the movie that appear include the Queen of Hearts, the Cheshire Cat, the White Rabbit, the Doorknob, the Caterpillar (V Cast only), and the Deck of Cards. The Mad Hatter and the March Hare appear in portrait form as well. All except the Doorknob also appear in Chain of Memories, albeit in the form of illusions made from the main character's memory.[26] While the world is absent in Kingdom Hearts II, it returns in Kingdom Hearts 358/2 Days and Kingdom Hearts coded, the latter featuring a digitized version of the world originating from data in Jiminy Cricket's royal journal.
In Toy Story 3: The Video Game, the Mad Hatter's hat is one of the hats you can have the townsfolk wear. In Kinect Disneyland Adventures, Alice, Mad Hatter, White Rabbit, and the Queen of Hearts make appearances.
In Disney Infinity there are power discs based on Alice in Wonderland.
Several characters of the movie make appearances throughout the Epic Mickey-games. For example, the cards are seen throughout Mickeyjunk Mountain in the original Epic Mickey, Alice appears as a statue carrying a projector screen in Epic Mickey 2 and Alice, the Mad Hatter, the Cheshire Cat and the Queen of Hearts appear as unlockable characters in Epic Mickey: Power of Illusion.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Alice in Wonderland: Detail View". American Film Institute. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
Jump up ^ "ALICE IN WONDERLAND (U)". British Board of Film Classification. July 3, 1951. Retrieved June 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Magical Kingdoms
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0043274/business
Jump up ^ http://voicechasers.com/database/showprod.php?prodid=56
Jump up ^ "A. Film L.A.".
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Through the Keyhole: A Companion's Guide to Alice in Wonderland, Alice in Wonderland: 60th Anniversary Edition, 2011 Blu-Ray
^ Jump up to: a b Barrier, Michael, 1999, Hollywood Cartons, Oxford University Press, United Kingdom
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Reflections on Alice, Alice in Wonderland: 50th Universary Edition, 2005 DVD
Jump up ^ Gabler, Neal, 2006, Walt Disney: The Triumph of American Imagination, Alfred A. Knoff, New York City, USA
Jump up ^ UltimateDisney.com's Interview with Lisa Davis, the voice and model for 101 Dalmatians' Anita Radcliff
Jump up ^ Deleted Scene: The Pig and Pepper, Alice in Wonderland, 2011 Blu-Ray
Jump up ^ Thomas, Bob (1976). Walt Disney: An American Original. New York: Hyperion Press. pp. 220–221. ISBN 0-7868-6027-8.
Jump up ^ "Alice in Wonderland: The Aftermath". [not in citation given]
Jump up ^ 'The Top Box Office Hits of 1951', Variety, January 2, 1952
Jump up ^ Maltin, Leonard (1973). The Disney Films. New York: Crown. p. 103. ISBN 0-7868-8527-0.
Jump up ^ Disney, Tim Burton & Linda Woolverton deliver an “Alice” for the ages
Jump up ^ "Official DVD website". Disney.Go.com. Archived from the original on July 25, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Justin Sluss (July 28, 2010). "A Hi-Def sneak peek at Disney’s planned 2011 Blu-ray titles". highdefdiscnews.com. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Alice in Wonderland Movie Reviews, Pictures". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Romanization". Retrieved July 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Walt Disney's Alice In Wonderland: Classic Soundtrack Series: Sammy Fain, Bob Hilliard". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ http://www.mtishows.com/show_detail.asp?showid=000277
Jump up ^ "Disneyland's Mad Tea Party Page". Archived from the original on June 20, 2010. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Disneyland Paris' Alice's Curious Labyrinth Page". Archived from the original on January 5, 2009. Retrieved July 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Kingdom Hearts Official Page". Retrieved July 13, 2010.
External links[edit]
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Lewis Carroll's Alice
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Through the Looking-Glass
The Nursery "Alice"
The Hunting of the Snark
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Alice's Adventures
in Wonderland
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Looking-Glass
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Related topics
Alice Liddell
Alice's Shop
John Tenniel
Theophilus Carter
The Annotated Alice
Wonderland
Looking-Glass Land
Mischmasch
Works based on Alice in Wonderland
Films and television
Disney franchise
Translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
Translations of Through the Looking-Glass
Adaptations
Poems
"All in the golden afternoon..."
"How Doth the Little Crocodile"
"The Mouse's Tale"
"Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Bat"
"You Are Old, Father William"
"'Tis the Voice of the Lobster"
"Jabberwocky"
"The Walrus and the Carpenter"
"Haddocks' Eyes"
"They told me you had been to her..."
"The Mock Turtle's Song"
"The Hunting of the Snark"
Sequels
A New Alice in the Old Wonderland (1895)
New Adventures of Alice (1917)
Alice of Wonderland in Paris (1966)
Alice Through the Needle's Eye (1984)
Automated Alice (1996)
Wonderland Revisited and the Games Alice Played There (2009)
Retellings
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland retold in words of one syllable (1905)
Alice in Verse: The Lost Rhymes of Wonderland (2010)
Parodies
The Westminster Alice (1902)
Clara in Blunderland (1902)
Lost in Blunderland (1903)
John Bull's Adventures in the Fiscal Wonderland (1904)
Alice in Blunderland: An Iridescent Dream (1904)
Imitations
Mopsa the Fairy (1869)
Davy and the Goblin (1884)
The Admiral's Caravan (1891)
Gladys in Grammarland (1896)
A New Wonderland (1898)
Rollo in Emblemland (1902)
Justnowland (1912)
Alice in Orchestralia (1925)
Reimagining
Alice in Wonderland or What's a Nice Kid Like You Doing in a Place Like This? (1966)
Alice or the Last Escapade (1977)
Adventures in Wonderland (1991)
The Looking Glass Wars (2006)
Alice (2009)
Malice in Wonderland (2009)
Alice in Wonderland (2010)
Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016)
Film
1903
1910
1915
1931
1933
1949
1951
1966
1972
1976
1982
1985
1987
1988 (Czechoslovak)
1988 (Australian)
1995
1999
Stage
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (ballet)
Alice in Wonderland (musical)
Alice in Wonderland (opera)
Peter and Alice (2013 play)
Wonder.land (musical)
Television
Fushigi no Kuni no Alice
Once Upon a Time
Once Upon a Time in Wonderland
Literary
Alice in Murderland
Alice in the Country of Hearts
Miyuki-chan in Wonderland
Video games
Alice no Paint Adventure (1995)
Alice in Wonderland (2000)
American McGee's Alice (2000)
Alice in Wonderland (2010)
Alice: Madness Returns (2011)
Kingdom Hearts
Book
Category
[show]
v
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Films directed by Clyde Geronimi
Victory Through Air Power (1943)
The Three Caballeros (1944)
Make Mine Music (1946)
Melody Time (1948)
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)
Cinderella (1950)
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
Peter Pan (1953)
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One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)
[show]
v
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Films directed by Hamilton Luske
Pinocchio (1940)
Fantasia (1940)
The Reluctant Dragon (1941)
Saludos Amigos (1942)
Make Mine Music (1946)
Fun and Fancy Free (1947)
Melody Time (1948)
So Dear to My Heart (1948)
Cinderella (1950)
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
Peter Pan (1953)
Ben and Me (1953)
Lady and the Tramp (1955)
Donald in Mathmagic Land (1959)
One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)
[show]
v
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Films directed by Wilfred Jackson
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
Pinocchio (1940)
Fantasia (1940)
Dumbo (1941)
Saludos Amigos (1942)
Song of the South (1946)
Melody Time (1948)
Cinderella (1950)
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
Peter Pan (1953)
Lady and the Tramp (1955)
[show]
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Disney theatrical animated features
Walt Disney
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films
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
Pinocchio (1940)
Fantasia (1940)
Dumbo (1941)
Bambi (1942)
Saludos Amigos (1942)
The Three Caballeros (1944)
Make Mine Music (1946)
Fun and Fancy Free (1947)
Melody Time (1948)
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)
Cinderella (1950)
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
Peter Pan (1953)
Lady and the Tramp (1955)
Sleeping Beauty (1959)
One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)
The Sword in the Stone (1963)
The Jungle Book (1967)
The Aristocats (1970)
Robin Hood (1973)
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)
The Rescuers (1977)
The Fox and the Hound (1981)
The Black Cauldron (1985)
The Great Mouse Detective (1986)
Oliver & Company (1988)
The Little Mermaid (1989)
The Rescuers Down Under (1990)
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
Aladdin (1992)
The Lion King (1994)
Pocahontas (1995)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)
Hercules (1997)
Mulan (1998)
Tarzan (1999)
Fantasia 2000 (1999)
Dinosaur (2000)
The Emperor's New Groove (2000)
Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)
Lilo & Stitch (2002)
Treasure Planet (2002)
Brother Bear (2003)
Home on the Range (2004)
Chicken Little (2005)
Meet the Robinsons (2007)
Bolt (2008)
The Princess and the Frog (2009)
Tangled (2010)
Winnie the Pooh (2011)
Wreck-It Ralph (2012)
Frozen (2013)
Big Hero 6 (2014)
Zootopia (2016)
Moana (2016)
Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2 (2018)
Frozen 2 (2019)
Gigantic (2020)
Live-action films
with animation
The Reluctant Dragon (1941)
Victory Through Air Power (1943)
Song of the South (1946)
So Dear to My Heart (1948)
Mary Poppins (1964)
Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)
Pete's Dragon (1977)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
Enchanted (2007)
DisneyToon Studios
films
DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp (1990)
A Goofy Movie (1995)
The Tigger Movie (2000)
Return to Never Land (2002)
The Jungle Book 2 (2003)
Piglet's Big Movie (2003)
Pooh's Heffalump Movie (2005)
Bambi II (2006)
Planes (2013)
Planes: Fire & Rescue (2014)
Other Disney units films
The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993)
James and the Giant Peach (1996)
Doug's 1st Movie (1999)
Recess: School's Out (2001)
Teacher's Pet (2004)
A Christmas Carol (2009)
Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)
Mars Needs Moms (2011)
Frankenweenie (2012)
Strange Magic (2015)
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Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937)
Pinocchio (1940)
Fantasia (1940)
Dumbo (1941)
Bambi (1942)
Saludos Amigos (1942)
The Three Caballeros (1944)
Make Mine Music (1946)
Fun and Fancy Free (1947)
Melody Time (1948)
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949)
Cinderella (1950)
Alice in Wonderland (1951)
Peter Pan (1953)
Lady and the Tramp (1955)
Sleeping Beauty (1959)
One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961)
The Sword in the Stone (1963)
The Jungle Book (1967)
The Aristocats (1970)
Robin Hood (1973)
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977)
The Rescuers (1977)
The Fox and the Hound (1981)
The Black Cauldron (1985)
The Great Mouse Detective (1986)
Oliver & Company (1988)
The Little Mermaid (1989)
The Rescuers Down Under (1990)
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
Aladdin (1992)
The Lion King (1994)
Pocahontas (1995)
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996)
Hercules (1997)
Mulan (1998)
Tarzan (1999)
Fantasia 2000 (1999)
Dinosaur (2000)
The Emperor's New Groove (2000)
Atlantis: The Lost Empire (2001)
Lilo & Stitch (2002)
Treasure Planet (2002)
Brother Bear (2003)
Home on the Range (2004)
Chicken Little (2005)
Meet the Robinsons (2007)
Bolt (2008)
The Princess and the Frog (2009)
Tangled (2010)
Winnie the Pooh (2011)
Wreck-It Ralph (2012)
Frozen (2013)
Big Hero 6 (2014)
Zootopia (2016)
Moana (2016)
Upcoming films
Ralph Breaks the Internet: Wreck-It Ralph 2 (2018)
Frozen 2 (2019)
Gigantic (2020)
Associated productions
The Reluctant Dragon (1941)
Victory Through Air Power (1943)
Song of the South (1946)
So Dear to My Heart (1949)
Mary Poppins (1964)
Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971)
Pete's Dragon (1977)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988)
Enchanted (2007)
[show]
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Edwin Catmull
Roy Conli
Roy E. Disney
Walt Disney
Don Hahn
Jeffrey Katzenberg
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Marc Davis
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12 basic principles of animation
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GND: 4478992-0
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Categories:
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values: أليس في بلاد العجائب (فيلم 1951) – Arabic

values: Alisa möcüzələr ölkəsində (cizgi filmi, 1951) – Azerbaijani

values: Алиса в Страната на чудесата (филм, 1951) – Bulgarian

values: Alice in Wonderland (film, 1951) – Breton

values: Alícia al país de les meravelles (pel·lícula de 1951) – Catalan

values: Alice in Wonderland (ffilm 1951) – Welsh

values: Alice i Eventyrland (film fra 1951) – Danish

values: Η Αλίκη στη Χώρα των Θαυμάτων (ταινία, 1951) – Greek

values: Alicia en el país de las maravillas (película de 1951) – Spanish

values: Alice in Wonderland (filmo de 1951) – Esperanto

values: Alizia Irrigarrizko Munduan (1951ko filma) – Basque

values: آلیس در سرزمین عجایب (فیلم ۱۹۵۱) – Persian

values: Alice in Wonderland (1951 filmur) – Faroese

values: Alice au pays des merveilles (film, 1951) – French

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle

values: Alice in Wonderland (scannán 1951) – Irish

values: Alice in Wonderland (film 1951) – Scottish Gaelic

values: Alice in Wonderland (filme de 1951) – Galician

values: 이상한 나라의 앨리스 (1951년 영화) – Korean

values: Ալիսան հրաշքների աշխարհում (մուլտֆիլմ, 1951) – Armenian

values: Alice in Wonderland (film 1951) – Indonesian

values: Lísa í Undralandi (kvikmynd 1951) – Icelandic

values: Alice nel Paese delle Meraviglie (film 1951) – Italian

values: עליסה בארץ הפלאות (סרט, 1951) – Hebrew

values: ალისა საოცრებათა ქვეყანაში (1951 წლის ფილმი) – Georgian

values: Alice in Wonderland (pellicula 1951) – Latin

values: Alice Csodaországban (film, 1951) – Hungarian

values: آلیس این واندرلند (۱۹۵۱) – Mazanderani

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Triskaidekaphobia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Fear of 13" redirects here. For the film, see The Fear of 13.
Stall numbers at Santa Anita Park progress from 12 to 12A to 14.
Triskaidekaphobia ( /ˌtrɪskaɪˌdɛkəˈfoʊbiə, ˌtrɪskə-/, TRIS-kye-DEK-ə-FOH-bee-ə or TRIS-kə-DEK-ə-FOH-bee-ə; from Greek triskaideka = “thirteen” (tris = “three” + kai = “and” + deka = “ten”) + phobos = “fear”[1]) is fear or avoidance of the number 13. It is also a reason for the fear of Friday the 13th, called paraskevidekatriaphobia (from Παρασκευή Paraskevi, Greek for Friday) or friggatriskaidekaphobia (after Frigg, the Norse goddess after whom Friday is named in English).
The term was used as early as in 1910 by Isador Coriat in Abnormal Psychology.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
1.1 Judas theory
1.2 Hammurabi theory
2 Events related to unlucky 13
3 Similar phobias
4 Lucky 13
5 Effect on US Shuttle program mission naming
6 Famous people with triskaidekaphobia
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
Origins[edit]
Judas theory[edit]
From the 1890s, a number of English language sources relate the "unlucky" thirteen to an idea that at the Last Supper, Judas, the disciple who betrayed Jesus, was the 13th to sit at the table.[3] The Bible says nothing about the order in which the Apostles sat, but there were thirteen people at the table. Also, the number 13 is not uniformly bad in the Judeo-Christian tradition. For example, the attributes of God (also called the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy) are enumerated in the Torah (Exodus 34:6–7).[4]
Hammurabi theory[edit]
There is a myth that the earliest reference to thirteen being unlucky or evil is in the Babylonian Code of Hammurabi (circa 1780 BCE), where the thirteenth law is said to be omitted. In fact, the original Code of Hammurabi has no numeration. The translation by L.W. King (1910), edited by Richard Hooker, omitted one article:[5]
If the seller have gone to (his) fate (i. e., have died), the purchaser shall recover damages in said case fivefold from the estate of the seller.
Other translations of the Code of Hammurabi, for example the translation by Robert Francis Harper, include the 13th article.[6]
Events related to unlucky 13[edit]
The exposed lift shaft of an apartment block under construction. The lift shaft has numbers marking the levels, but the 13th level is instead marked with a heart.
Apollo 13 was launched on April 11, 1970 at 13:13:00 CST and suffered an oxygen tank explosion on April 13 at 21:07:53 CST. It returned safely to Earth on April 17.[7][8]
The Costa Concordia Disaster occurred on Friday 13 January 2012, with the loss of 33 lives.
The November 2015 Paris terrorist attacks took place on Friday 13 November 2015.
On Friday, October 13, 1307, the arrest of the Knights Templar was ordered by Philip IV of France. While the number 13 was considered unlucky, Friday the 13th was not considered unlucky at the time. The incorrect idea that their arrest was related to the phobias surrounding Friday the 13th was invented early in the 21st century and popularized by the novel The Da Vinci Code.[9]
In 1881 an influential group of New Yorkers, led by US Civil War veteran Captain William Fowler, came together to put an end to this and other superstitions. They formed a dinner cabaret club, which they called the Thirteen Club. At the first meeting, on January 13, 1881, at 8:13 p.m., thirteen people sat down to dine in Room 13 of the venue. The guests walked under a ladder to enter the room and were seated among piles of spilled salt. Many "Thirteen Clubs" sprang up all over North America over the next 45 years. Their activities were regularly reported in leading newspapers, and their numbers included five future US presidents, from Chester A. Arthur to Theodore Roosevelt. Thirteen Clubs had various imitators, but they all gradually faded from interest.[10]
Vehicle registration plates in the Republic of Ireland are such that the first two digits represent the year of registration of the vehicle (i.e., 11 is a 2011 registered car, 12 is 2012, and so on). In 2012, there were concerns among members of the Society of the Irish Motor Industry (SIMI) that the prospect of having "13" registered vehicles might discourage motorists from buying new cars because of superstition surrounding the number thirteen, and that car sales and the motor industry (which was already failing) would suffer as a result. The government, in consultation with SIMI, introduced a system whereby 2013 registered vehicles would have their registration plates' age identifier string modified to read "131" for vehicles registered in the first six months of 2013 and "132" for those registered in the latter six months of the year.[11][12]1
Similar phobias[edit]
An elevator in a residential apartment building in Shanghai. Floor numbers 4, 13 and 14 are missing, and there is a button for the "negative first floor".
Number 666 (Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia) or 616 (see Number of the Beast).
Tetraphobia, fear of the number 4. In China, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan, Korea and Vietnam, as well as in some other East Asian and South East Asian countries, it is not uncommon for buildings (including offices, apartments, hotels) to omit floors with numbers that include the digit 4, and Finnish mobile phone manufacturer Nokia's 1xxx-9xxx series of mobile phones does not include any model numbers beginning with a 4. This originates from Classical Chinese, in which the pronunciation of the word for "four" (四, sì in Mandarin) is very similar to that of the word for "death" (死, sǐ in Mandarin), and remains so in the other countries' Sino-Xenic vocabulary (Korean sa for both; Japanese shi for both; Vietnamese tứ "four" vs. tử "death").
17 is an unlucky number in Italy, perhaps because in Roman numerals 17 is written XVII, which can be rearranged to "VIXI", which in Latin means "I have lived" but can be a euphemism for "I am dead." In Italy, some planes have no row 17 and some hotels have no room 17.[13]
Paraskevidekatriaphobia is the fear of Friday the 13th, which is considered to be a day of bad luck in a number of western cultures. In Greece and some areas of Spain and Latin America, Tuesday the 13th is similarly considered unlucky.2
Curse of 39, a belief in some parts of Afghanistan that the number 39 (thrice thirteen) is cursed or a badge of shame.[14]
Lucky 13[edit]
In some regions 13 is considered a lucky number. For example, 13 is lucky in Italy except in some contexts, such as sitting at the dinner table.[15] In Cantonese-speaking areas, including Hong Kong and Macau, the number 13 is considered lucky because it sounds similar to the Cantonese words meaning "sure to live" (as opposed to the unlucky number 14 which in Cantonese sounds like the words meaning "sure to die"). Colgate University was started by 13 men with $13 and 13 prayers, so 13 is considered a lucky number. Friday the 13th is the luckiest day at Colgate.[16]
A number of sportspeople are known for wearing the number 13 jersey and performing successfully. In 1966, Portugal achieved their best-ever result at the World Cup final tournaments by finishing third, thanks to a Mozambican-born striker, Eusebio, who has scored nine goals at World Cup — four of them in a 5-3 quarterfinal win over North Korea — and won the Golden Boot award as the tournament’s top scorer while wearing the number 13. In the 1954 and 1974 World Cup finals, Germany’s Max Morlock and Gerd Müller, respectively, played and scored in the final, wearing the number 13.[17] More recently, other top footballers are playing successfully despite wearing #13, including Michael Ballack, Alessandro Nesta, Rafinha, and others.[18] Among other sportspeople who have chosen 13 as squad number, are the Venezuelans Dave Concepción, Omar Vizquel, Oswaldo Guillén and Pastor Maldonado.
Effect on US Shuttle program mission naming[edit]
The disaster that occurred on Apollo 13 may have been a factor that led to a renaming that prevented a mission called STS-13[19][20]
Alternate mission patch of STS-41C, with a 13 and a black cat, as it landed on April 13th, which was a Friday the 13th and this was the mission originally scheduled as STS-13.[21]
STS-41-G was the name of the thirteenth Space Shuttle flight.[22] However, originally STS-41-C was the mission originally numbered STS-13[23][24] STS-41-C was the eleventh orbital flight of the space shuttle program.[25]
The numbering system of the Space Shuttle was changed to a new one after STS-9.[26] The new naming scheme started with STS-41B, the previous mission was STS-9, and the thirteenth mission (what would have been STS-13) would be STS-41C.[26] The new scheme had first number stand for the U.S. fiscal year, the next number was a launch site (1 or 2), and the next was the number of the mission numbered with a letter for that period.[26] In the case of the actual 13th flight, the crew was apparently not superstitious and made a humorous mission patch that had a black cat on it.[26] Also, that mission re-entered and landed on Friday the 13th which one crew described as being "pretty cool".[26] Because of the way the designations and launch manifest work, the mission numbered STS-13 might not have actually been the 13th to launch as was common throughout the shuttle program; indeed it turned out to be the eleventh.[27][25] One of the reasons for this was when a launch had to be scrubbed, which delayed its mission.[28]
NASA said in a 2016 news article it was due to a much higher frequency of planned launches (pre-Challenger disaster).[26] As it was, the Shuttle program did have a disaster on its one-hundred and thirteenth mission going by date of launch, which was STS-107.[29] The actual mission STS-113 was successful, and had actually launched earlier due to the nature of the launch manifest.[30]
At first glance, it may seem surprising that an agency whose focus lies in science and technology should devote such an emphasis to an ancient superstition.. but for one thing: the unlucky voyage of Apollo 13.
—  Tragedy and Triumph in Orbit: The Eighties and Early Nineties By Ben Evans[31]
Famous people with triskaidekaphobia[edit]
Arnold Schoenberg
Franklin Roosevelt
Sholom Aleichem
Stephen King
See also[edit]
List of phobias
National Accident Day (Finland)
Notes[edit]
^1 The main reason for this was stated to be to increase the number of car sales in the second half of the year. Even though 70% of new cars are bought during the first four months of the year, some consumers believe that the calendar year of registration does not accurately reflect the real age of a new car, since cars bought in January will most likely have been manufactured the previous year, while those bought later in the year will be actually made in the same year.
^2 Tuesday is generally unlucky in Greece for the fall of Byzantium Tues 29th May 1453.[32]In Spanish-speaking countries, there is a proverb: En martes no te cases, ni te embarques 'On Tuesday, do not get married or set sail'.[33] The 13th card in Tarot's major arcana is Death.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "triskaidekaphobia - Origin and meaning of triskaidekaphobia by Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Abnormal Psychology" p. 319, published in 1910, Moffat, Yard and company (New York). Library of Congress Control No. 10011167.
Jump up ^ Cecil Adams (1992-11-06). "Why is the number 13 considered unlucky?". The Straight Dope. Retrieved 2011-05-13.
Jump up ^ Ronald L. Eisenberg. "The 13 Attributes of Mercy". MyJewishLearning. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Harper, Robert Francis (5 November 2017). "The Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon: About 2250 B.C. : Autographed Text, Transliteration, Translation, Glossary Index of Subjects, Lists of Proper Names, Signs, Numuerals ..." The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. Retrieved 5 November 2017 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ "The Code of Hammurabi". Oll.libertyfund.org. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "13 Things That Saved Apollo 13, Part 9: Position of the Tanks - Universe Today". Universetoday.com. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "WHAT REALLY HAPPENED TO APOLLO 13 HOME PAGE". Spaceacts.com. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Robinson, John J. (1990). Born in Blood: The Lost Secrets of Freemasonry. ISBN 978-0-87131-602-8.
Jump up ^ Nick Leys, If you bought this, you've already had bad luck, review of Nathaniel Lachenmayer's Thirteen: The World's Most Popular Superstition, Weekend Australian, 8–9 January 2005
Jump up ^ 2013 number plates to be changed to avoid ‘unlucky 13’ , Irish Independent, 24 August 2012
Jump up ^ "2013 Number Plates To Be Changed To Avoid 'Unlucky 13'". Irish Independent.
Jump up ^ Harris, Nick (15 November 2007). "Bad Omen for Italy as Their Unlucky Number Comes Up". The Independent. London.
Jump up ^ Jon Boone. "The curse of number 39 and the steps Afghans take to avoid it". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Aggiungi un posto a tavola, siamo in 13!" (in Italian). Retrieved 31 March 2012.
Jump up ^ Colgate University. "Lucky 13". Retrieved 20 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Dpa (1 July 2010). "Unlucky 13, unless your name is Mueller". Thehindu.com. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Football Facts: Who Wears Number 13?". Thefootballnation.co.uk. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Almeida, Andres (5 December 2016). "Behind the Space Shuttle Mission Numbering System". Nasa.gov. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Evans, Ben (2012-06-01). Tragedy and Triumph in Orbit: The Eighties and Early Nineties. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781461434306. p. 211
Jump up ^ Ben Evans (2007). Space Shuttle Challenger: Ten Journeys into the Unknown. Google Books. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
Jump up ^ "41-G -- Challenger mission No. 6 (13th shuttle program mission overall)". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 5 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "James D. A. van Hoften" (PDF). NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project. December 5, 2007. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Terry J. Hart" (PDF). NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project. April 10, 2003. Retrieved July 20, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "STS-41-C Information". Astonautix. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Almeida, Andres (2016-12-05). "Behind the Space Shuttle Mission Numbering System". NASA. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
Jump up ^ Evans, Ben (2012-06-01). Tragedy and Triumph in Orbit: The Eighties and Early Nineties. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781461434306.
Jump up ^ Evans, Ben (2012-06-01). Tragedy and Triumph in Orbit: The Eighties and Early Nineties. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781461434306. Page 211
Jump up ^ "The Columbia Disaster". SpaceSafetyMagazine. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
Jump up ^ KSC, Lynda Warnock:. "NASA STS-113". Nasa.gov. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
Jump up ^ Evans, Ben (2012-06-01). Tragedy and Triumph in Orbit: The Eighties and Early Nineties. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781461434306. p. 211
Jump up ^ Margarita Papantoniou. "Why Are Tuesday and 13 Bad Luck?". GreekReporter. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tuesday the 13th… the Friday the 13th of the Spanish-speaking world (and vice-versa)". WordPress. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Triskaidekaphobia.
'Unlucky' airline logo grounded BBC, 21 February 2007
Would you buy a number 13 house? BBC Magazine, Friday, 12 December 2008
Triskaidekaphobia on MathWorld
Who's Afraid Of Friday The 13th? on NPR
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values: Трискаидекафобија – Macedonian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ja
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
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values: Трискайдекафобия – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
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values: Трискаидекафобија – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
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values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
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values: Трискаидекафобия – Tatar

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tt
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values: อาการกลัวเลขสิบสาม – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
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values: Трискайдекафобія – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
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values: 13 کی گنتی کا خوف – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
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values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

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