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Live with Kelly and Ryan
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Live with Kelly and Ryan
Also known as
The Morning Show (1983–88)
Live with Regis and Kathie Lee (1988–2000)
Live with Regis (2000–01)
Live with Regis and Kelly (2001–11)
Live with Kelly (2011–12 and 2016–17)
Live with Kelly and Michael (2012–16)
Presented by
Regis Philbin (1983–2011)
Cyndy Garvey (1983–1984)
Ann Abernathy (1984–1985)
Kathie Lee Gifford (1985–2000)
Kelly Ripa (2001–present)
Michael Strahan (2012–2016)
Ryan Seacrest (2017–present)
Narrated by
Tony Pigg
Theme music composer
Gabriel Saientz
Country of origin
United States
No. of seasons
30
No. of episodes
7,580 (as of April 11, 2016) (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
Michael Gelman
Kelly Ripa
Ryan Seacrest
Location(s)
New York City, New York
Running time
42 minutes
Production company(s)
WABC-TV
Distributor
Disney-ABC Domestic Television
Release
Original network
WABC-TV (1983–1988)
Syndicated (1988–)
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
720p (HDTV)
Original release
April 4, 1983 (1983-04-04) – present
External links
Website
kellyandryan.com
Live with Kelly and Ryan is an American syndicated morning talk show, hosted by Kelly Ripa and Ryan Seacrest. Executive produced by Michael Gelman, the Live with... show formula has aired under various hosts since 1983 locally on WABC-TV in New York City and 1988 nationwide. As of 2016, it is produced by WABC.[1]
With roots in A.M. Los Angeles and A.M. New York, Live began as The Morning Show, hosted by Regis Philbin and Cyndy Garvey; the show rose to national prominence as Live with Regis and Kathie Lee, when Philbin was joined by Kathie Lee Gifford. That incarnation of the program ran for 12 years and continuing as Live with Regis and Kelly for another decade before Ripa, after hosting with guest co-hosts for nearly a year, was paired with former NFL star Michael Strahan. The franchise has had longstanding success and has won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show and Outstanding Talk Show Hosts.[2] On January 19, 2016, the show was renewed through the 2019–20 season. On February 12, 2016, a special episode focused on Ripa's 15 years as part of the program. On April 18, 2016, Strahan and ABC announced that he was leaving the show to join ABC's Good Morning America full-time. On May 1, 2017, it was announced that Ryan Seacrest will join Ripa as her new permanent co-host, succeeding Strahan.
Contents
[hide]
1 Production
1.1 Concept
1.2 Recurring segments
1.3 Specials
1.4 On location
2 History
2.1 Co-host timeline
2.2 1971–1981: A.M. Los Angeles
2.3 1970–1983: A.M. New York, The Stanley Siegel Show, Good Morning New York
2.4 1983–1988: The Morning Show
2.5 1988–2000: Live with Regis and Kathie Lee
2.6 2000–2001: Live with Regis
2.7 2001–2011: Live! with Regis and Kelly
2.8 2011–2012: Live! with Kelly
2.9 2012–2016: Live with Kelly and Michael
2.10 2016–2017: Live with Kelly
2.11 2017–present: Live with Kelly and Ryan
3 Critical reception
4 International broadcast
5 References
6 External links
Production[edit]
See also: List of Live episodes
Concept[edit]
Executive producer Michael Gelman said in 1993, "The real concept of the show, in a symbolic sense, is that they are husband and wife. They have their coffee mugs and they're chit-chatting about what's going on." That is the basis of the show's signature "Host Chat", an unscripted on-air conversation between the co-hosts that opens each show. Then, a home viewer is called to answer a trivia question about the show, with the opportunity to win a vacation. The show then continues with interviews with celebrity guests, musical performances, and other recurring segments, including regular features showcasing fashion, food, health, and lifestyle topics.[3]
The format of Live! has been emulated by other successful talk shows such as the British programmes Richard & Judy and Today with Des and Mel. However, it has also proven to be resilient against similarly-formatted talk shows from other syndicators or networks, seeing programs such as Mike and Maty, George & Alana, Caryl & Marilyn: Real Friends, Donny & Marie, Living It Up! With Ali & Jack, The Morning Show with Mike and Juliet, and Anderson Live all launch and end in short periods of time throughout its entire run, and fail to make any headway in the traditional 9 a.m. local time slot Live! has been traditionally slotted in for most markets.
The show is broadcast live from New York City, on weekdays at 9 a.m. for stations in the Eastern Time Zone, and is tape-delayed for the rest of the country. Although the program is generally associated with the ABC network and airs on all ABC owned-and-operated stations, in many markets the program is syndicated to stations affiliated with other networks.[4] Live did not air in a morning timeslot on all ABC-owned stations until September 2013, as WLS Chicago programmed the 9 a.m. timeslot with The Oprah Winfrey Show as the originating station for the program in the 1980s, then Windy City Live after the end of Oprah, while the New York-based Live had aired on The CW affiliate WGN since 2002 (although WLS had carried the show in an overnight timeslot earlier in its run).[5][6]
Recurring segments[edit]
Guinness World Record Breaker Week, New York Auto Show Week, Broadway Week, and Top Teacher Week are examples of features frequently visited on the show, highlighting a different aspect of the theme everyday that week. Live will also invite "whiz kids" to oppose the co-hosts at spelling, athletics, mathematics, sport stacking, and technology, among other tasks. A recurring gag with Philbin as co-host was him challenging seniors—preferably over the age of 100—at tennis, basketball, ping-pong, and bowling, for example. Also, regular contributors to the show include toy enthusiast Chris Byrne, style maven Lawrence Zarian, animal expert Peter Gros, automotive expert Alan Taylor, pediatrician Greg Yapalater, home and gardening show host Katie Brown, technology specialist Leo Laporte, entrepreneur Carley Roney, Science Bob, veterinarian Jennifer Jellison, and nutrition expert Wendy Bazilian.[7]
Specials[edit]
Every year at Halloween, the co-hosts wear dozens of costumes and portray some of the most famous and infamous names in pop culture.[8] The 2013 special, entitled the "Best Halloween Show Ever," had the most costume changes to date with over 50 in one hour.
In February, Live throws a wedding for a couple who writes in with reasons why they should be married on the show.[9] Viewer submissions are also accepted for their "Moms Dream Come True Special," where the co-hosts pay tribute to a select group of mothers.[10]
Live from the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood, the show airs its Post-Oscar Special the day after the awards ceremony.[11] The co-hosts interview winners and presenters as well as other attendees on the red carpet, backstage and live on the show. Also, a panel recaps the best and worst of fashions worn at the event.
On location[edit]
Live has been to eight countries and nearly 25 states, logging 200,000 miles (320,000 km).[12] The list of remotes includes: Tampa, Hawaii, Monaco, Banff, San Antonio, Aspen, Walt Disney World, New Orleans, Disneyland, Las Vegas, San Francisco, Paris, Detroit, Chicago, The Bronx, Los Angeles, the USS Intrepid, Minneapolis–Saint Paul, Maui, Prince Edward Island, London, Scottsdale, the White House, Charlotte, Churchill Downs, Niagara Falls, Puerto Rico, Marina del Rey, Philadelphia, Branson, Mount Rushmore, The Bahamas, and the Dolby Theatre's set for the 85th Academy Awards. While on location, the co-hosts transplant the franchise's own brand of entertainment-oriented talk with the beauty of the particular location providing a colorful backdrop to the show's segments.
History[edit]
Co-host timeline[edit]
Co-host
Seasons
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Regis Philbin
Kathie Lee Gifford
Kelly Ripa
Michael Strahan
Ryan Seacrest
1971–1981: A.M. Los Angeles[edit]
The show has part of its origins in A.M. Los Angeles, a local show that was broadcast on KABC-TV in Los Angeles from 1971 to 1981 that was originally created and hosted by Ralph Story, with Stephanie Edwards as co-host.[13] When the format went national as AM America in 1975 (taking Edwards along with it), Regis Philbin assumed hosting duties of the Los Angeles version, with Sarah Purcell as his original co-host. Purcell departed the show in 1978 and was replaced by Cyndy Garvey. Philbin and Garvey hosted A.M. Los Angeles until 1981.
1970–1983: A.M. New York, The Stanley Siegel Show, Good Morning New York[edit]
Meanwhile, there were also two different morning-show predecessors on WABC-TV in New York City. The first was A.M. New York which debuted on May 18, 1970 as a local answer to NBC's Today show,[14] and was originally hosted by John Bartholomew Tucker. After he left in 1972, a succession of hosts came and went, until Stanley Siegel took over in late 1975. Under Siegel's stint, the show went from last to first in the ratings for a brief period, and from 1977 until his departure in 1978 it was known as The Stanley Siegel Show.[15] Following Siegel's departure for rival WCBS-TV, the show reverted to the A.M. New York name until its cancellation in 1980, by which point it had been hosted by Janet Langhart and Clay Cole. A few weeks later, WABC tried again with Good Morning New York, hosted originally by Spencer Christian and Andrea Kirby; Kirby would eventually be replaced by Judy Licht, and Christian was followed by the likes of Dick Wolfsie and longtime Eyewitness News reporter and anchor Doug Johnson. Like its predecessor for much of its run, Good Morning New York failed to make a dent in the ratings against Donahue on WNBC, and was cancelled in early 1983, with The Morning Show as its replacement.[16]
1983–1988: The Morning Show[edit]
The Morning Show, co-hosted by Regis Philbin and Cyndy Garvey, premiered locally on WABC-TV in New York on April 4, 1983. In 1984, Garvey left the show and Philbin hired Ann Abernathy, whom he remembered from his time at KABC-Television for her engaging personality, to assume the co-host duties.[17] After Abernathy got married and decided to return to Los Angeles, Kathie Lee Johnson (later Gifford) joined Philbin officially on June 24, 1985. Their chemistry proved to be successful as The Morning Show soon became number 1 in the market[18] and went on to debut in national syndication on September 5, 1988, when the title was changed to Live with Regis and Kathie Lee.
1988–2000: Live with Regis and Kathie Lee[edit]
Early on, Live matched its local success with impressive national ratings and established itself as a dominant fixture in American television.[19] Entertainment Weekly described Regis Philbin and Kathie Lee Gifford as "an agreeable mismatch" and their famous banter as "playful, edgy, and amusing."[20] Gifford's positivity throughout public scandals such as the 1996 accusation that her clothing line was being run under sweatshop conditions and her husband Frank Gifford's 1997 affair with a flight attendant resonated with the female demographic of the show, but ultimately made her a media target prompting her emotional departure on July 28, 2000. "Over a third of my life has been [at Live]," she said. "This is family. It's been an amazing journey."[17] Gifford appeared on Live with Regis and Kelly on three occasions, for the show's 20th Anniversary special on September 14, 2007, to promote her book Just When I Thought I'd Dropped My Last Egg: Life and Other Calamities on April 14, 2009, and again as a guest to bid farewell to Philbin on his second to last show, November 17, 2011. Gifford is now host of the live fourth hour of Today with Hoda Kotb; that show mainly airs an hour after Live! in most markets, though a few markets where both shows air at 10 a.m against each other do exist.
2000–2001: Live with Regis[edit]
When looking for Gifford's replacement, Philbin and executive producer Michael Gelman teamed Philbin with a handful of potential co-hosts, including Joy Philbin, Kathleen Murphy, Rosie O'Donnell, Jann Carl, Whoopi Goldberg, Kathy Fountain, Gloria Estefan, Jillian Reynolds, Caroline Rhea and Suzanne Sena. This met with positive fan response and a 26 percent ratings increase.[21] Philbin won his first Daytime Emmy Award for Live during the six-month period, which he would go on to win twice with co-host Kelly Ripa. Ripa had auditioned four months into the search, on November 1, 2000.[22] Ripa was announced as the official replacement on February 5, 2001.[citation needed]
2001–2011: Live! with Regis and Kelly[edit]
Live! with Regis and Kelly's young-audience demographics increased by 80 percent, with Ripa credited[by whom?] for bringing "a new life to the show." Seven months into Philbin and Ripa's run, the September 11 attacks on New York occurred, with coverage beginning twelve minutes before that day's episode would have started. The show was pre-empted for a week following the attacks and returned September 18, 2001, with Philbin opening the episode saying:
The last time we saw you was a week ago this morning when our lives seemed normal... then the unthinkable happened. Just then, our worst nightmare occurred, a second plane slammed into the South Tower. Now it was clear. This was a terrible act of terrorism. Then came the news that the Pentagon was hit and another hijacked plane crashed in Pennsylvania killing everybody on board. Today, the heroic effort continues and the death toll rises. But amid the despair, we continue to hope for signs of life beneath the debris. Exhausted rescue workers refuse to give up. Our nation has never been more united. Across the country, Americans are pulling together and everywhere you look, there are tremendous shows of support, patriotism, and faith. Terrorists tried to tear us apart but they failed. Instead, we as a nation have become stronger and have only been brought closer together.[23]
Live! with Regis and Kelly logo from 2009–2011
Shortly after celebrating his and Ripa's 10th anniversary together, Philbin announced on January 18, 2011 that he would leave Live!.[24] The show then held a "Regis Farewell Celebration Season", showcasing Philbin's top moments from 28 years on the program.[25] His final show aired November 18, 2011.[26]
2011–2012: Live! with Kelly[edit]
Live! with Kelly logo from 2011–2012
After Philbin's departure, the show was renamed Live! with Kelly. Joining Ripa were various co-hosts from broadcasting and entertainment. On November 21, 2011, Jerry Seinfeld was the first of 60[27] men and women to join Ripa at the co-host desk, including: Reggie Bush, Kyle MacLachlan, Russell Brand, Howie Mandel, Carl Edwards, Chris Harrison, Daniel Radcliffe, Michael Buckley, Michael Catherwood, Rob Lowe, Martin Short, Neil Patrick Harris, Peter Facinelli, Boomer Esiason, Ben Mulroney, Dan Abrams, Rob Thomas, David Duchovny, Pat Kiernan, Derek Hough, D. L. Hughley, Jesse Palmer, Carson Kressley, Carrie Ann Inaba, Mark Feuerstein, Jim Parsons, Nick Lachey, Jonah Hill, Michael Strahan, Apolo Anton Ohno, Joel McHale, Cat Deeley, Tyler Perry, Andy Cohen, Alec Baldwin, Josh Groban, Jerry O'Connell, Seth Meyers, Mike Greenberg, Kristin Chenoweth, Andy Samberg, Mark Consuelos, Lucy Liu, Taye Diggs, Randy Jackson, Mario Lopez, Matthew Broderick, Mary J. Blige, Ed Robertson, Michael Bublé, Matthew Morrison, Kevin Jonas, Tony Potts, Dana Carvey, Jimmy Kimmel, Kim Kardashian, L.A. Reid, Bryant Gumbel, Daniel Dae Kim and Sam Champion.[28]
In April 2012, Live! debuted a new set described as a "contemporary downtown-style loft, spacious and yet maintaining the studio's warmth and intimacy."[29] It was the first major set re-design since the start of the show's 10th season in national syndication (1997–98).
In July 2012, People magazine reported that Meyers, Groban and Strahan were the top three contenders in the running to replace Philbin.[30]
2012–2016: Live with Kelly and Michael[edit]
On the September 4, 2012 episode, Michael Strahan made his 16th appearance on the show and was introduced as Ripa’s permanent co-host. The former New York Giants defensive end had begun his TV career on Fox NFL Sunday, a job he said he would keep even though it shoots in Los Angeles. The Ripa-Strahan chemistry proved to be successful. Live With Kelly & Michael had been the No. 2 syndicated talk show averaging a 2.8 national rating over Strahan’s entire tenure while Live With Regis & Kelly averaged a 2.6. Live With Kelly & Michael brought in 268,000 more audience members daily, on average, than the show attracted during the end of the Regis run.[31] On January 19, 2016, the show was renewed through at least the 2019–2020 season.[32]
On April 19, 2016, it was announced that Strahan would leave Live to join Good Morning America full-time.[33] The decision was revealed to the program's production staff just after that day's broadcast of Live, and officially announced on the program by Strahan the following day. Ripa, however, was absent from that day's episode, and ABC announced later in the day that Live would have guest co-hosts through April 25, 2016. Although speculated to have been a reaction to Strahan's abrupt exit, an ABC staff member stated to Variety that Ripa's sudden absence was a "pre-scheduled vacation".[34]
Ripa returned on April 26, 2016, using the opening of the episode to address the reception to Strahan's exit, and ABC's continued commitment to Live as a series.[35] Strahan's final episode on Live occurred on May 13, 2016 and featured several flashback moments from the four years that he co-hosted the show.
2016–2017: Live with Kelly[edit]
This section, except for one footnote, does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section, except for one footnote, by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Live with Kelly logo from 2016–2017
On Monday, May 16, 2016, Ripa began the second era of her Live career as a single co-host. Jimmy Kimmel joined her as her first guest co-host. A total of 67 men and women joined Ripa in the search, including, Jussie Smollett, Cedric the Entertainer, David Muir, Daniel Dae Kim,[36][37] Fred Savage, Seal, Andy Cohen, Common, Anderson Cooper, Mark Consuelos, D.L. Hughley, Joel McHale, Ryan Seacrest, Alec Baldwin, Morris Chestnut, Jerry O'Connell, Kevin Hart, John Leguizamo, Josh Groban, Jim Parsons, Dwyane Wade, Guillermo Diaz, Carrie Ann Inaba, Keegan-Michael Key, Tony Goldwyn, Taye Diggs, Christian Slater, Alan Cumming, Josh Gad, Nick Lachey, Chris Harrison, Michael Weatherly, Neil Patrick Harris, Busy Philipps, Chris Pratt, Ashton Kutcher, Zachary Quinto, Tyler Perry, Sam Champion, Matt Bomer, Ciara, Richard Curtis, Michael Bublé, Scott Wolf, Vince Vaughn, Megyn Kelly, Alex Rodriguez, Chris Hardwick, Billy Gardell, Max Greenfield, Joe Jonas, Billy Eichner, Jeffrey Dean Morgan, Corbin Bleu, Ilana Glazer, Octavia Spencer, Taraji P. Henson, Van Jones, John Mulaney, Mark Cuban, Bellamy Young, Leslie Mann, Rita Ora, Zach Braff, Jason Derulo and Jason Silva. [38]
2017–present: Live with Kelly and Ryan[edit]
Logo from May through September 2017
On May 1, 2017, it was announced that Ryan Seacrest would succeed Strahan as the new permanent co-host, after a year long syndicated co-host search. Seacrest will also join as an executive producer to the show.[39][40]
On September 5, 2017, Live with Kelly and Ryan updated the show’s look, with a new, modern logo, modifications to the studio, and a brand new show open.
Critical reception[edit]
The New York Daily News gave the program a positive review, " … When it comes to the amount and playfulness of morning talk, nothing beats Live".[41] In 2001, 2011, 2012, 2015, and 2016 the show won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show Hosts and in its 24th year, after twenty-one nominations, it won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Talk Show. In addition, its co-hosts have received two TV Guide Award nominations for Favorite Daytime Talk Show and multiple People's Choice nominations for Favorite Talk Show Host.
According to daytime television ratings, viewership averages 5 million per episode,[42] ranking number 1 in all big markets, such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Dallas, San Francisco, Miami, West Palm Beach, and many others. Dominating its time periods, Live is the top-rated morning show and regularly the #1 syndicated talk show.[43]
International broadcast[edit]
Country
Television Network(s)
Weekly schedule (local time)
Period
Canada CTV Monday–Friday 9:00 am ET/PT 10:00 MT/AT 10:30 NT
Varies in some markets to allow for local simsubs of United States stations 1988–present
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Steinberg, Brian (April 20, 2016). "ABC's Morning Madness: Will Michael Strahan Blitz Score Touchdowns For 'GMA,' 'Live'?". Variety. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016. The morning-news crew from WABC, which produces the program, simply turn around after their local duties and work on "Live," which has been led for years by executive producer Michael Gelman.
Jump up ^ Daytime Emmy for 'Live!'.
Jump up ^ "LIVE! with Kelly". Disney ABC Domestic TV Medianet. Retrieved 2012-09-05.
Jump up ^ Disney-ABC Domestic Television. "Live with Kelly and Michael Local Listings". Retrieved 2015-08-26.
Jump up ^ Knox, Merrill (2013-06-20). "WLS Adds 'Live With Kelly and Michael,' Drops 11 a.m. Newscast". TVSpy. Retrieved 2015-08-26.
Jump up ^ Feder, Robert (2012-05-13). "Daytime drama: How will ABC 7 make room for Katie & Kelly?". Time Out Chicago. Retrieved 2015-08-26.
Jump up ^ Latest Features.
Jump up ^ Exciting Roster of Guest Co-Hosts.
Jump up ^ 'Live!' Heads to Paradise from The Futon Critic
Jump up ^ Audience of Deserving Moms from prnewswire.com
Jump up ^ ""Live! With Kelly" Presents A Special One-Hour Post-Oscar Show Live From The Kodak Theatre In Hollywood". TVbytheNumbers.
Jump up ^ Around the World in 28 Years.
Jump up ^ R.I.P. for 'A.M. L.A.' : 20-Year Run on KABC Ends With Cost-Cutting Move by Dennis McDougal. Los Angeles Times, September 24, 1991. Retrieved 2012-07-05.
Jump up ^ Best Bets. New York, May 18, 1970, p. 52. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Give Us a Kiss, Stanley" by Jonathan Reynolds. New York, September 12, 1977, pp. 41–45. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ "ABC-TV Memo: Wasps Preferred" (Intelligencer). New York, March 21, 1983, p. 14. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b How I Got This Way.
Jump up ^ Disney-ABC Domestic Television.
Jump up ^ Show Page.
Jump up ^ Live with Regis and Kathie Lee.
Jump up ^ Fans love the new format.
Jump up ^ A Revealing Audition.
Jump up ^ 'Live' Returns to the Air Following 9/11 on YouTube
Jump up ^ Ask Regis Philbin A Question! from huffingtonpost.com
Jump up ^ 'Live!' Kicks Off "Regis Farewell Celebration" from abcmedianet.com
Jump up ^ Philbin's Last Guests.
Jump up ^ Jerry Seinfeld joins Kelly Ripa for first post-Regis 'Live!' shows – Screener, November 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ Schneider, Michael (September 15, 2011). "Live Producer announces how they will replace Reege". TV Guide.
Jump up ^ 'Live!' Gets A New Set from huffingtonpost.com
Jump up ^ "Seth Meyers: Should He Join Kelly Ripa on Live!?". Retrieved July 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Michael Strahan Lifted TV Ratings for 'Live' With Kelly Ripa". 21 April 2016.
Jump up ^ Littleton, Cynthia (January 19, 2016). "ABC Stations Renew 'Live with Kelly and Michael,' 'Who Wants to Be a Millionaire'". Variety. Archived from the original on February 6, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ Steinberg, Brian (April 19, 2016). "Michael Strahan Quits 'Live' To Join ABC's 'Good Morning America'". Variety. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016. Retrieved April 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Inside Kelly Ripa's Awkward Absence From 'Live'". Variety. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kelly Ripa Strikes a Powerful Chord in Her Return to Live!". Time. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Kelly Ripa is ABC's bachelorette: Meet eligible 'Live' co-hosts". NY Daily News.
Jump up ^ Moraes, Lisa de (4 May 2016). "David Muir, Jussie Smollett Join Kelly Ripa's 'Live' Guest Co-Host List – Update".
Jump up ^ "All the Top Contenders for the Co-Host Spot on Live — Before Ryan Seacrest Got the Job". PEOPLE.com. 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Melas, Chloe; Stelter, Brian (May 1, 2017). "Ryan Seacrest is Kelly Ripa's new co-host on 'Live'". CNNMoney. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ryan Seacrest Tapped as 'Live with Kelly' Co-Host". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
Jump up ^ Releases.
Jump up ^ "'Live' Takes Top Talk Show Honors". TV by the Numbers. December 1, 2011. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
Jump up ^ "'LIVE! With Kelly' Grows in Target Markets and Demos". TV by the Numbers. March 1, 2012. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Live with Regis and Kelly
Wikinews has related news:
World record set for balloon blowing with nose, on US talk show
Man pulls a 126,292-pound truck over 137 feet, sets world record
US talk show: Daily Guinness attempts to return on talk show Live with Regis and Kelly
Official website
Live with Kelly and Ryan on IMDb
Live with Kelly and Michael at TV.com
Live with Kelly and Michael at TVGuide.com
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All-India Muslim League
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
All-India Muslim League
Presiding Leader(s)
Muhammad Ali Jinnah
A. K. Fazlul Huq
Aga Khan III
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
Sir Feroz Khan Noon
Khwaja Nazimuddin
Liaquat Ali Khan
Khaliq-uz-Zaman
Mohammad Ali Bogra
Founder
Nawab Viqar ul Malik
Founded
30 December 1906 (1906-12-30) at Dacca, British raj (now in Dhaka, Bangladesh)
Dissolved
15 August 1947
Succeeded by
Muslim League in Pakistan, Awami League in Bangladesh and Indian Union Muslim League in India
Headquarters
Lucknow
Newspaper
Dawn
Student wing
AIMSF
Paramilitary wing
Khaki
Ideology
Pan-Islamism
conservatism
Two-nation theory
Civil rights for Muslims in India
Religion
Islam
International affiliation
All–India Muslim League (London Chapter)
Election symbol
Crescent and Star
Politics of India
Political parties
Elections
The All-India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire. Its strong advocacy for the establishment of a separate Muslim-majority nation-state, Pakistan, successfully led to the partition of British India in 1947 by the British Empire.[1] The party arose out of a literary movement begun at The Aligarh Muslim University in which Syed Ahmad Khan was a central figure.[2][page needed] Sir Syed had founded, in 1886, the Muhammadan Educational Conference, but a self-imposed ban prevented it from discussing politics. In December 1906 conference in Dhaka, attended by 3,000 delegates, the conference removed the ban and adopted a resolution to form an All Indian Muslim League political party.[citation needed] Its original political goal was to define and advance the Indian Muslim's civil rights and to provide protection to the upper and gentry class of Indian Muslims. It remained an elitist organisation until 1937, when the leadership began mobilising the Muslim masses and the League then became a popular organisation.[3][4]
Following in the 1930s, the idea of a separate nation-state and influential philosopher Sir Muhammad Iqbal's vision of uniting the four provinces in North-West British India further supported the rationale of two-nation theory. Constitutional struggle of Jinnah and political struggle of founding fathers, the Muslim League played a decisive role in World War II in the 1940s and as the driving force behind the division of India along religious lines and the creation of Pakistan as a Muslim state in 1947.[5][6][page needed] The events leading the World War II, the Congress effective protest against the United Kingdom unilaterally involving India in the war without consulting with the Indian people; the Muslim League went on to support the British war efforts, and later agitated against the Congress with the cry of "Islam in Danger".[7]
After the partition and subsequent establishment of Pakistan, the Muslim League continued as a minor party in India where it was often part of the government. In Bangladesh, the Muslim League was revived in 1976 but it was reduced, rendering it insignificant in the political arena. In India Indian Union Muslim League and in Pakistan, the Pakisthan Muslim League became the original successors of the All-India Muslim League. Under the leadership Of Qaede millath Muhammad Ismail Sahib Muslim league is reconstituted in India.The founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah (and after Jinnah's death by Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan), but suffered with ill-fate following the military intervention in 1958. One of its faction remained to supportive of President Ayub Khan until 1962 when the all factions decided to reform into the Pakistan Muslim League led by Nurul Amin supporting Fatima Jinnah in the presidential elections in 1965. Furthermore, it was the only party to have received votes from both East and West Pakistan during the elections held in 1970. During the successive periods of Pakistan, the Muslim League continued to be a ruling party in the different periods of Pakistan.
Since 1985, the Pakistan Muslim League split into various factions; all factions which had little ideological connection with the original Muslim League. However, the PML-N remains to be influential faction than others,[8][9] and has been in power during the elections held in 1990 and in the 1997. As of current of 2013 elections, the PML-N remains to be a ruling party of Pakistan.[10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Foundation
2 Early years
3 Communalism grows
4 Conception of Pakistan
5 Campaign for Pakistan
6 Impact on the future courses of Subcontinent
6.1 Pakistan
6.2 India
6.3 Bangladesh
6.4 United Kingdom
7 Historical versions
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Foundation[edit]
The AIME Conference in 1906, held at the Ahsan Manzil palace of the Dhaka Nawab Family, laid the foundation of the Muslim League.
The All-India Muslim League (AIML) was formed with the help from the reformist Syed Ahmad Khan. His strong advocacy for British education and political activism had inspired Subhan Muslims to support the cause for the AIML. Originally hosting the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference in 1886 in a vision to uplift the cause for the British education especially science and literature, among India's Muslims. The conference, in addition to generating funds for Sir Syed's Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), motivated Muslim upper class to propose expansion of educational uplift elsewhere, known as the Aligarh Movement. In turn this new awareness of Muslim needs helped stimulate a political consciousness among Muslim elites that went on to form the AIML.[11]
The formation of a Subhan political party on national level was seen as essential by 1901. The first stage of its formation was the meeting held at Lucknow in September 1906, with participation of representatives from all over India. The decision for re-consideration to form the all Indian Muslim political party was taken and further proceedings were adjourned until the next meeting of All India Muhammadan Educational Conference. The Simla Deputation reconsidered the issue in October 1906 and decided to frame the objectives of the party on the occasion of the annual meeting of Educational Conference; that was later, scheduled to be held at Dhaka. Meanwhile, Nawab Salimullah Khan published a detailed scheme through which he suggested the party to be named All-India Muslim Confederacy. Pursuant upon the decisions taken earlier in Lucknow meeting and later in Simla; the annual meeting of the All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference was held at Dhaka that continued from 27 December, until 30 December 1906. that was headed by both Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk and Nawab Muhasan-ul-Mulk (the Secretary of the Muhammaden Educational Conference); in which he explained its objectives and stressed the unity of the Muslims under the banner of an association.[12] It was formally proposed by Nawab Salimullah Khan and supported by Hakim Ajmal Khan, Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, Zafar Ali Khan, Syed Nabiullah Bar at Law Lucknow and Syed Zahur Ahmad an eminent lawyer and several others. The political party was established at the end of the conference.[1] The Founding meeting was hosted by Nawab Sir Khwaja Salimullah and attended by three thousand delegates, while Ameer Ali, Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi were also the founding fathers who attended this meeting. The name "All-India Muslim League" was proposed by Sir Mian Muhammad Shafi. Sir Agha Khan III was appointed its first president. Fifty eight delegates from all over the Subcontinent were the founding members of League.[13] The League's constitution was framed in 1907 in Karachi. In 1910, Nawaab Syed Shamsul Huda selected as the president of the party.[14]
Early years[edit]
Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah (Aga Khan III) was appointed the first Honorary President of the Muslim League. The headquarters were established at Lucknow. There were also six vice-presidents, a secretary and two joint secretaries initially appointed for a three-years term, proportionately from different provinces.[15] The principles of the League were espoused in the "Green Book," which included the organisation's constitution, written by Maulana Mohammad Ali. Its goals at this stage did not include establishing an independent Muslim state, but rather concentrated on protecting Muslim liberties and rights, promoting understanding between the Muslim community and other Indians, educating the Muslim and Indian community at large on the actions of the government, and discouraging violence.
Aga Khan III (1877–1957) played a leading role in founding AIML; his goal was the advancement of Muslim agendas and protection of Muslim rights in India. He shared Ahmad Khan's belief that Muslims should first build up their social capital through advanced education before engaging in politics. Agha Khan boldly told the British Raj that Muslims must be considered a separate nation within India. Even after he resigned as president of the AIML in 1912, he still exerted major influence on its policies and agendas.[16] in 1913 Mohammed Ali Jinnah joined the Muslim league.
Intellectual support and a cadre of young activists emerged from Aligarh Muslim University. Hasan reports that in the early 20th century, this Muslim institution, designed to prepare students for service to the British Raj, exploded into political activity. Until 1939, the faculty and students supported an all-India nationalist movement. After 1939, however, sentiment shifted dramatically toward a Muslim separatist movement, as students and faculty mobilised behind Jinnah and the Muslim League.[17]
Communalism grows[edit]
Politically there was a degree of unity between Muslim and Hindu leaders after World War I, as typified by the Khilafat Movement. Relationships cooled sharply after that campaign ended in 1922. Communalism grew rapidly, forcing the two groups apart. Major riots broke out in numerous cities, including 91 in U.P. alone.[18][19] At the leadership level, the proportion of Muslims among delegates to Congress fell sharply, from 11% in 1921 to under 4% in 1924.[20]
Muhammad Ali Jinnah became disillusioned with politics after the failure of his attempt to form a Hindu-Muslim alliance, and he spent most of the 1920s in Britain. The leadership of the League was taken over by, Sir Muhammad Iqbal, who in 1930 first put forward the demand for a separate Muslim state in India. The "Two-Nation Theory", the belief that Hindus and Muslims were two different nations who could not live in one country, gained popularity among Muslims. The two-state solution was rejected by the Congress leaders, who favoured a united India based on composite national identity. Congress at all times rejected "communalism"—that is, basing politics on religious identity.[21] Iqbal's policy of uniting the North-West Frontier Province, Baluchistan, Punjab, and Sindh into a new Muslim majority state became part of the League's political platform.[22]
The League rejected the Committee report (the Nehru Report), arguing that it gave too little representation (only one quarter) to Muslims, established Devanagari as the official language of the colony, and demanded that India turn into a de facto unitary state, with residuary powers resting at the centre – the League had demanded at least one-third representation in the legislature and sizeable autonomy for the Muslim provinces. Jinnah reported a "parting of the ways" after his requests for minor amendments to the proposal were denied outright, and relations between the Congress and the League began to sour.[23]
Conception of Pakistan[edit]
Main articles: Pakistan Movement and Allahabad Address
On 29 December 1930 Sir Muhammad Iqbal delivered his monumental presidential address to the All India Muslim League annual session. He said:[24]
I would like to see Punjab, North-West Frontier Province [now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa], Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of North-West India.
Sir Muhammad Iqbal did not use the word "Pakistan" in his address. According to some scholars, Iqbal had not presented the idea of a separate Muslim State; rather he wanted a large Muslim province by amalgamating Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and Baluchistan into a big North-Western province within India.[25] They argued that "Iqbal never pleaded for any kind of partition of the country. Rather he was an ardent proponent of a 'true' federal setup for India..., and wanted a consolidated Muslim majority within the Indian Federation".[26]
Another Indian historian, Tara Chand, also held that Iqbal was not thinking in terms of partition of India, but in terms of a federation of autonomous states within India.[27] Dr. Safdar Mehmood also asserted in a series of articles that in the Allahabad address Iqbal proposed a Muslim majority province within an Indian federation and not an independent state outside an Indian Federation.[28]
On 28 January 1933, Choudhary Rahmat Ali, founder of the Pakistan National Movement, voiced his ideas in the pamphlet entitled "Now or Never;[29] Are We to Live or Perish Forever?" The word 'P In a subsequent book Rehmat Ali discussed the etymology in further detail.[30] "Pakistan' is both a Persian and an Urdu word. It is composed of letters taken from the names of all our South Asia homelands; that is, Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh and Balochistan. It means the land of the Pure".
The British and the Indian Press vehemently criticised these two different schemes and created a confusion about the authorship of the word "Pakistan" to such an extent that even Jawaharlal Nehru had to write:[31]
Iqbal was one of the early advocates of Pakistan and yet he appears to have realised its inherent danger and absurdity. Edward Thompson has written that in the course of conversation, Iqbal told him that he had advocated Pakistan because of his position as President of Muslim League session, but he felt sure that it would be injurious to India as a whole and to Muslims especially.
Campaign for Pakistan[edit]
Main article: Pakistan Movement
Muslim League Working Committee at the Lahore session
Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman seconding the Resolution with Jinnah and Liaquat presiding the session.
Until 1937 the Muslim League had remained an organisation of elite Indian Muslims. The Muslim League leadership then began mass mobilisation and the League then became a popular party with the Muslim masses in the 1940s, especially after the Lahore Resolution.[3][32] Under Jinnah's leadership its membership grew to over two million and became more religious and even separatist in its outlook.[33][34]
The Muslim League's earliest base was the United Provinces.[35] The Muslim League successfully mobilised the religious community in the United Provinces in the late 1930s. Jinnah worked closely with local politicians. However, there was a lack of uniform political voice by the League during the 1938–1939 Madhe Sahaba riots of Lucknow.[36] From 1937 onwards, the Muslim League and Jinnah attracted large crowds throughout India in its processions and strikes.[37]
At a League conference in Lahore in 1940, Jinnah said:
Hindus and the Muslims belong to two different religions, philosophies, social customs and literature.... It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims derive their inspiration from different sources of history. They have different epics, different heroes and different episodes.... To yoke together two such nations under a single state, one as a numerical minority and the other as a majority, must lead to growing discontent and final destruction of any fabric that may be so built up for the government of such a state.[38]
In response to Jinnah's speech, the All-India Jamhur Muslim League (AIJML) was formed to counter the move of Jinnah on his support for Sir Syed's two-nation theory and to oppose the creation of Pakistan. The Raja of Mahmoodabad was elected its president and Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi was its first general secretary. Perhaps it was the first split of Muslim League on ideological ground.[39] This party however merged with Indian Congress latter on to strengthen its views on partition.
At Lahore the Muslim League formally recommitted itself to creating an independent Muslim state, including Sindh, Punjab, Baluchistan, the North West Frontier Province and Bengal, that would be "wholly autonomous and sovereign". The resolution guaranteed protection for non-Muslim religions. The Lahore Resolution, moved by the sitting Chief Minister of Bengal A. K. Fazlul Huq, was adopted on 23 March 1940, and its principles formed the foundation for Pakistan's first constitution. Talks between Jinnah and Gandhi in 1944 in Bombay failed to achieve agreement. This was the last attempt to reach a single-state solution.[40]
First Session of All India Jamhur Muslim League
In the 1940s, Jinnah emerged as a leader of the Indian Muslims and was popularly known as Quaid-e-Azam (lit. Great Leader). In the Constituent Assembly of India's elections of 1946, the Muslim League won 425 out of 476 seats reserved for Muslims (and about 89.2% of Muslim votes) on a policy of creating an independent state of Pakistan, and with an implied threat of secession if this was not granted. Congress, led by Gandhi and Nehru remained adamantly opposed to dividing India.[citation needed]
However, 1947 saw violent and bloody battles caused due to the communal clashes between the two communities in India. Millions of people migrated from India to Pakistan and vice versa. The situation continued to be tense even after the governments of the two nations were formed.[41]
The partition seems to have been inevitable after all, one of the examples being Lord Mountbatten's statement on Jinnah: "There was no argument that could move him from his consuming determination to realize the impossible dream of Pakistan."[42]
Impact on the future courses of Subcontinent[edit]
Pakistan[edit]
Main articles: Politics in Pakistan and Pakistan Muslim League
After the partition of British Indian Empire, the Muslim League played a major role in giving the birth of modern conservatism and the introduction of the democratic process in the country.[43]
From 1947–51, Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan spearheaded the Muslim League's government until 1955 when Awami League came to power with Huseyn Suhrawardy becoming the Prime Minister. After Jinnah and Ali Khan, Nazimuddin struggled to lead the party, primarily due to lack of its social programmes. During this time, the Republican Party, led by Iskander Mirza, had taken over the credibility and prestige of Muslim League in all over the country. In 1958, the Muslim League nearly lost its influence when General Ayub Khan, army chief at that time, imposed martial law to with the support of Republican President Iskander Mirza against Prime Minister Feroz Khan Noon, a leader of Muslim League.[citation needed]
The Federative constitution allowed the ailing Muslim League to be reformed itself as the Pakistan Muslim League (PML) and endorsed for Fatima Jinnah for the presidential bid in 1965. However, one of its convention actively supported President Ayub Khan.[44]
India[edit]
Main article: Indian Union Muslim League
With the partition of British Indian Empire, the Muslim League lost all influence in the United Provinces and Indian states with significant Muslim population. In 1948, the Indian Muslim League was formed as breakaway faction of the Muslim League by those members who did not migrate to Pakistan. During its successive periods, the Indian Muslim League remained a part of the Kerala government; nonetheless, the Indian Muslim League disintegrated after the general elections of 1980. Many of its leaders later joined Congress and some migrated to Pakistan. The party has still has a stronghold in northern Kerala and is the second largest party within the present ruling coalition in the state.
Bangladesh[edit]
Main article: Awami League
The Muslim League formed its government in East Bengal immediately after partition of Bengal, with Nurul Amin becoming the first Chief Minister.
Problems in East Pakistan for Muslim League began rise following the issue of Constitution. Furthermore, the language movement proved to be a last event that led the Muslim League to lose its mandate in the East Bengal. Muslim League's national conservatism program also faced several set back and resistance from the Communist Party of Pakistan. In an interview given to print media, Nurul Amin stated that the communists had played an integral and major role in staging the massive protests, mass demonstration, and strikes for the Bengali Language Movement.[45]
All over the country, the political parties had favoured the general elections in Pakistan with the exception of Muslim League.[46] In 1954, the legislative elections were to be held for the Parliament.[46] Unlike in West, not all of the Hindu population migrated to India, instead a large number of Hindu population was in fact presented in the state.[46] The communist influence deepened and was finally realised in the elections. The United Front, Communist Party and the Awami League returned to power, inflicting a severe defeat to Muslim League.[46] Out of 309, the Muslim League only won 10 seats, whereas the communist party had 4 seats of the ten contested. The communists working with other parties had secured 22 additional seats, totalling 26 seats. The right-wing Jamaat-e-Islami had completely failed in the elections.[46]
In 1955, the United Front named Abu Hussain Sarkar as the Chief minister of the State who ruled the state in two non-consecutive terms until 1958 when the martial law was imposed.[46] The Muslim League remained to be a minor party in East Pakistan but participated with full rigour during the general elections in 1970. It had won 10 seats from East Pakistan and 7 seats from other parts of Pakistan. After the independence of Bangladesh, the Muslim League was revived in 1976 but it was reduced, rendering it insignificant in the political arena.
United Kingdom[edit]
During the 1940s, the Muslim League had a United Kingdom section active in the British politics. After the establishment of Pakistan, the Pakistani community's leaders took over the UK branch, making Zubeida Habib Rahimtoola as president of party to continue to serve its purpose in the United Kingdom.[47] As of current, the Muslim League's UK branch is taken over by the PML-N, with Zubair Gull its president, and Nawaz Sharif serving its patron-in-chief.[47]
Historical versions[edit]
Historically, Pakistan Muslim League can also refer to any of the following political parties in Pakistan:[48]
Muslim League, the original successor of All-India Muslim League, which was disbanded on first martial law.
Convention Muslim League, a political platform created by General Ayub Khan in 1962 when he became the president.
Council Muslim League, a party created by political leaders who opposed General Ayub Khan.
Muslim League, a party created by Khan Abdul Qayyum Khan when he split with the Council Muslim League to run for the 1970 general elections.
See also[edit]
Indian Independence Movement
Indian Muslim nationalism
Indian Nationalism
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Establishment of All India Muslim League". Story of Pakistan. p. 1. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Sequeira, Dolly. Total History and Civics ICSE 10.New Delhi:MSB publushers,2016.Print.
^ Jump up to: a b H. Rizvi (15 May 2000). Military, State and Society in Pakistan. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 69–. ISBN 978-0-230-59904-8. The Muslim League maintained an elitist character until 1937 when its leadership began to engage in popular mobilisation. It functioned as a mass and popular party for 7-8 years after the Congress provincial ministries resigned in 1939, more so, after the passage of the Lahore Resolution in March 1940.
Jump up ^ John Keay (2001). India: A History. Grove Press. p. 468. ISBN 9780802137975.
Jump up ^ "Muslim League and the impact of World War II". Story of Pakistan. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Ayesha Jalal (1994). The Sole Spokesman: Jinnah, the Muslim League, and the Demand for Pakistan. Cambridge Cambridgeshire New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-45850-4.
Jump up ^ Pan-Islam in British Indian politics, pgs 57,245 by M.Naeem Qureshi
Jump up ^ "PML-N's popularity up by four percent: survey". The News International. 28 January 2013. Archived from the original on 28 January 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Iqbal, Anwar (30 September 2012). "PTI losing ground amid PML-N surge: IRI survey". Dawn. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan Election 2013: Live Election Results". Geo News. Archived from the original on 12 June 2013. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Rashid Kahn, Abdul (2007). "All-India Muhammadan Educational Conference and the Foundation of the All-India Muslim League". Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. 55 (1/2): 65–83.
Jump up ^ Pakistan movement. Commencement and evolution, p. 167, 168, by Dr. Sikandar Hayat Khan and Shandana Zahid, published by Urdu Science Board, Lahore. ISBN 969-477-122-6
Jump up ^ Wolpert, Stanley (2013). Jinnah of Pakistan. Karachi, Pakistan: 2013. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-19-577389-7.
Jump up ^ The Muslim Heritage of Bengal-by Muhammad Mojlum Khan-Kube Publishing Ltd., UK- ISBN 978-1-84774-059-5
Jump up ^ "Establishment of All India Muslim League". Story of Pakistan. p. 2. Retrieved 11 May 2007.
Jump up ^ Amin Valliani, "Aga Khan's Role in the Founding and Consolidation of the All-India Muslim League", Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society (2007) 55# 1/2, pp 85–95.
Jump up ^ Mushirul Hasan, "Nationalist and Separatist Trends in Aligarh, 1915–47," Indian Economic and Social History Review, (Jan 1985) 22#1 pp 1–33
Jump up ^ Sumit Sarkar (1983). Modern India: 1885–1947. Macmillan. p. 233.
Jump up ^ Markovits, Claude, ed. (2004) [First published 1994 as Histoire de l'Inde Moderne]. A History of Modern India, 1480–1950. London: Anthem Press. pp. 371–372. ISBN 978-1-84331-004-4. Remarkable unity shown between Hindus and Muslims [during the Khilafat movement] ... tension between the religious communities worsened ... the reforms of 1919 had encouraged Muslim separatism by maintaining constituencies reserved for Muslims: having to get only the votes of their coreligionists, Hindu and Muslim politicians tended to emphasise what divided rather than what united the two communities.
Jump up ^ Judith Margaret Brown (1994). Modern India: the origins of an Asian democracy. Oxford U. Press. p. 228. ISBN 9780198731122.
Jump up ^ David E. Ludden (1996). Contesting the nation: religion, community, and the politics of democracy in India. U. of Pennsylvania Press. p. 93. ISBN 0812215850.
Jump up ^ Peter Lyon (2008). Conflict between India and Pakistan: an encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 85. ISBN 9781576077122.
Jump up ^ P. M. Holt; Peter Malcolm Holt; Ann K. S. Lambton (1977). The Cambridge History of Islam. Cambridge University Press. p. 103ff. ISBN 9780521291378.
Jump up ^ A.R. Tariq (ed.), Speeches and Statements of Iqbal (Lahore: 1973),
Jump up ^ K.K. Aziz, Making of Pakistan (London: 1970), p.81.
Jump up ^ Verinder Grover (ed.), Muhammad Iqbal: Poet Thinker of Modern Muslim India Vol. 25 (New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1995), pp.666–67.
Jump up ^ Tara Chand, History of Freedom Movement in India Vol. III (New Delhi: 1972), p.253.
Jump up ^ lang, 23, 24 & 25 March 2003; Also see, Safdar Mahmood, Iqbal, Jinnah aur Pakistan (Lahore: Khazina Ilm-wa-Adab, 2004), pp.52–69.
Jump up ^ Full text of the pamphlet "Now or Never", published by Choudhary Rahmat Ali, http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00islamlinks/txt_rahmatali_1933.html
Jump up ^ Choudhary Rahmat Ali, 1947, Pakistan: the fatherland of the Pak nation, Cambridge, OCLC: 12241695
Jump up ^ J.L. Nehru, Discovery of India (New York: 1946), p.353.
Jump up ^ Venkat Dhulipala (9 February 2015). Creating a New Medina: State Power, Islam, and the Quest for Pakistan in Late Colonial North India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 50–. ISBN 978-1-316-25838-5. During this growth spurt, the ML itself was transformed from an elite moribund organization into a mass-based party that gave itself a new constitution, a more radical ideology and a revamped organizational structure.
Jump up ^ Victor Sebestyen (1 October 2014). 1946: The Making of the Modern World. Pan Macmillan UK. pp. 247–. ISBN 978-1-74353-456-4. That, too, had begun life as a cosy club of upper-class Indians, seeking a limited range of extra privileges for Indian Muslims. However, under the leadership of Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the League grew rapidly to a membership of more than two million and its message became increasingly religious and separatist in tone.
Jump up ^ Yasmin Khan (4 July 2017). The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan, New Edition. Yale University Press. pp. 18–. ISBN 978-0-300-23364-3. Although it was founded in 1909 the League had only caught on among South Asian Muslims during the Second World War. The party had expanded astonishingly rapidly and was claiming over two million members by the early 1940s, an unimaginable result for what had been previously thought of as just one of numerous pressure groups and small but insignificant parties.
Jump up ^ Talbot, Ian (1982). "The growth of the Muslim League in the Punjab, 1937–1946". Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics. 20 (1): 5–24. Despite their different viewpoints all these theories have tended either to concentrate on the All-India struggle between the Muslim League and the Congress in the pre-partition period, or to turn their interest to the Muslim cultural heartland of the UP where the League gained its earliest foothold and where the demand for Pakistan was strongest.
Jump up ^ Venkat Dhulipala (2010). "Rallying the Qaum: The Muslim League in the United Provinces, 1937–1939". Modern Asian Studies. 44 (3): 603–640. doi:10.1017/s0026749x09004016. JSTOR 40664926.
Jump up ^ Talbot, Ian (1993). "The role of the crowd in the Muslim League struggle for Pakistan". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 21 (2): 307–333. Huge crowds attended Muslim League meetings and flocked to glimpse Jinnah as he journeyed about India from 1937 onwards. They also joined in processions, strikes, and riots.
Jump up ^ Cited in Ainslie T. Embree
Jump up ^ South Asian History and Culture vol.2 no.1 pp 16–36, Taylor and Francis Group
Jump up ^ Peter Lyon, Conflict between India and Pakistan: an encyclopedia (2008) p 108
Jump up ^ Yasmin Khan, The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan (2008)
Jump up ^ Akbar S. Ahmed (1997). Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin. London: Routledge. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-415-14966-2.
Jump up ^ M S, Amogh (20 May 2011). "A history project on the impact of the AIMD on the future courses of India and Pakistan". Online Daily.
Jump up ^ Masood, Alauddin (25 January 2008). "PML Perpetually Multiplying Leagues". The Weekly.
Jump up ^ Nair, M. Bhaskaran (1990). Politics in Bangladesh: A Study of Awami League, 1949-58. New Delhi, India: Northern Book Centre. pp. 73–. ISBN 978-81-85119-79-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Ali, Tariq (2002). The Clash of Fundamentalism. United Kingdom: New Left Book plc. p. 181. ISBN 1-85984-457-X.
^ Jump up to: a b "Muslim League in UK". PMLN Muslim League in UK. Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
Jump up ^ Ashraf Mumtaz. Dawn Newspaper, 14 May 2006
Further reading[edit]
Cohen, Stephen Philip (2004). The Idea of Pakistan. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-1503-0.
Graham, George Farquhar Irving (1974). The Life and Work of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. Karachi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-636069-0.
Malik, Iftikar H. (2008). The History of Pakistan. The Greenwood Histories of the Modern Nations. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34137-3.
Moore, R. J. (1983). "Jinnah and the Pakistan Demand". Modern Asian Studies. Cambridge University Press. 17 (4): 529–561. doi:10.1017/s0026749x00011069. JSTOR 312235.
al Mujahid, Shairf (2007). "Reconstructing the Saga of the All India Muslim League (1906–47)". Journal of the Pakistan Historical Society. 55 (1/2): 15–26.
Wolpert, Stanley (1984). Jinnah of Pakistan. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-503412-7.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to All-India Muslim League.
Government of Pakistan website
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Chronicles Of Pakistan
Jinnah at a Meeting of the Muslim League 16-second QuickTime film clip
Colloquium on the One Hundred Years of Muslim League at the University of Chicago, 4 Nov 2006
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values: ముస్లిం లీగ్ – Telugu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-te
display: none;

values: สันนิบาตมุสลิมแห่งอินเดีย – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values: Tüm Hindistan Müslüman Birliği – Turkish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values: Мусульманська ліга – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: آل انڈیا مسلم لیگ – Urdu

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: 全印穆斯林联盟 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

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