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Van Helsing (film)
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Van Helsing
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Stephen Sommers
Produced by
Stephen Sommers
Bob Ducsay
Written by
Stephen Sommers
Based on
Van Helsing by Bram Stoker
Starring
Hugh Jackman
Kate Beckinsale
Richard Roxburgh
David Wenham
Will Kemp
Kevin J. O'Connor
Shuler Hensley
Music by
Alan Silvestri
Cinematography
Allen Daviau
Edited by
Bob Ducsay
Kelly Matsumoto
Production
companies
Sommers Company
Stillking Films[1]
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
May 7, 2004 (2004-05-07)
Running time
131 minutes
Country
United States[2]
Czech Republic[1]
Language
English
Budget
$160 million[3]
Box office
$300.3 million[3]
Van Helsing is a 2004 American horror film[3] written and directed by Stephen Sommers. It stars Hugh Jackman as vigilante monster hunter Van Helsing, and Kate Beckinsale as Anna Valerious. The film is an homage and tribute to the Universal Horror Monster films from the 1930s and '40s (also produced by Universal Studios which were in turn based on novels by Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley), of which Sommers is a fan.
The eponymous character was inspired by the Dutch vampire hunter Abraham Van Helsing from Irish author Bram Stoker's novel Dracula. Distributed by Universal Pictures, the film includes a number of monsters such as Count Dracula, Frankenstein's monster, Mr. Hyde and werewolves in a way similar to the multi-monster movies that Universal produced in the 1940s, such as Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man, House of Frankenstein and House of Dracula.
Despite mostly negative reviews, the film grossed over $300 million worldwide.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Soundtrack
4 Merchandise
4.1 Video game
4.2 Slot games
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical reception
5.3 Accolades
6 Spin-offs
7 Reboot and shared universe
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1887 Transylvania, Doctor Victor Frankenstein creates a monster with the aid of Count Dracula, who reveals that he intends to use the creature for his own evil plans. Dracula kills the doctor as a mob of villagers storms the castle. His assistant Igor escapes, but the villagers chase the monster to an old windmill and set it ablaze. The villagers are scared off by Dracula and his brides, who witness the monster and the doctor's research apparently destroyed by the fire.
One year later, after killing the elusive Mr. Hyde at the Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris, monster hunter Van Helsing returns to the Vatican in Rome. He learns that his mission to destroy Dracula and his amnesia are penance for unremembered sins that cause nightmares. He is tasked with helping the last of an ancient Romanian bloodline, Velkan and Anna Valerious, who must kill Dracula so that their ancestors may enter Heaven. Carl, a friar, provides Van Helsing with aid and weapons. In Transylvania, Velkan is apparently killed during an attempt to trap and kill the Wolf Man, and Anna is attacked by Dracula's brides shortly after Van Helsing's arrival. He saves her life and kills Marishka, one of the brides, but as the last of her line, Anna becomes more determined to kill Dracula. In order to protect her, Van Helsing knocks her out to prevent her from leaving. She awakens that night and encounters Velkan, who reveals Dracula has a dark secret, but to her horror, he becomes the Wolf Man after having been bitten by the original one earlier and attacks. After she and Van Helsing track him to Frankenstein's castle, they discover that the vampires are attempting to give life to their born-dead children, using Velkan as the source of the power. Van Helsing, dubbed "Gabriel" by Dracula, realizes they had ties in the past. Van Helsing refuses Dracula's offer to return his memory and escapes. The experiment fails, and the vampire children die, but Velkan turns on Anna as he is consumed by his curse. Van Helsing and Anna escape together.
Under the remains of the old windmill, Van Helsing and Anna encounter Frankenstein's monster. Because he is not evil, Van Helsing cannot allow him to be killed, even though he claims to be key to Dracula's experiment. The Wolf Man witnesses the conversation and escapes to inform Dracula. Meanwhile, Carl discovers a painting that comes to life, depicting a werewolf and a vampire battling. The group travels by carriage to Budapest, luring the remaining brides into a trap and killing Verona. The Wolf Man ambushes the real carriage and bites Van Helsing before being killed. Anna is captured and held as a bargaining chip in exchange for Frankenstein's monster. They hide him in a crypt, but he is taken by the count's undead underlings while Van Helsing and Carl rescue Anna. Returning to the Valerious' castle, Carl discovers an inscription and creates a doorway to the castle. After failing to free Frankenstein's monster from his imprisonment, he lets them know of a cure to lycanthropy that Dracula possesses. Carl determines that the bite of the Wolf Man is the only way to kill Dracula. He and Anna take Igor to find the cure while Van Helsing goes to free Frankenstein's monster. Igor escapes while the final bride, Aleera, beats Anna. Carl tries delivering the cure to Van Helsing. Igor confronts Carl on a bridge, but the confrontation sends Igor falling to his demise. Frankenstein's monster saves Anna and urges her to help Carl and Van Helsing. She kills Aleera and arrives at the castle. As the Wolf Man, Van Helsing and Dracula battle. Dracula tries reasoning with the Wolf Man, but Van Helsing bites Dracula, who dissolves into a skeleton. Anna bursts in, causing her to be attacked and accidentally killed by Van Helsing, but not before she delivers the cure. Van Helsing returns to normal, stricken with grief over what he has done.
At a funeral pyre, Van Helsing witnesses the spirits of Anna and her family ascending into the clouds while Frankenstein's monster rows away on a raft out to sea. Van Helsing and Carl ride off into the sunset.
Cast[edit]
Hugh Jackman as Gabriel Van Helsing, a legendary hunter of monsters.
Kate Beckinsale as Anna Valerious, together with her brother are the last descendants of an ancient Romanian family.
Richard Roxburgh as Count Vladislaus Dracula, the ruler of Transylvania and Lord of the Vampires.
David Wenham as Carl, a friar of the Holy Order.
Shuler Hensley as Frankenstein's monster.
Elena Anaya as Aleera, Dracula's most sadistic concubine.
Will Kemp as Velkan Valerious, Anna's brother, who is turned into a werewolf.
Kevin J. O'Connor as Igor, a former servant of Frankenstein's, now working for Dracula.
Alun Armstrong as Cardinal Jinette, Van Helsing's superior in the Holy Order.
Silvia Colloca as Verona, Dracula's consort and the leader of the Brides.
Josie Maran as Marishka, Dracula's youngest concubine.
Tom Fisher as Top Hat, a Transylvanian grave digger.
Samuel West as Dr. Victor Frankenstein.
Stephen H. Fisher as Dr. Jekyll.
Robbie Coltrane as the voice of Mr. Hyde.
Soundtrack[edit]
Van Helsing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Soundtrack album by Alan Silvestri
Released
May 4, 2004
Recorded
2004
Genre
Soundtrack
Length
43:45
Label
Decca Records
Producer
Alan Silvestri, David Bifano
The film's original soundtrack was composed by Alan Silvestri.
Merchandise[edit]
Video game[edit]
Vivendi Universal Games published a Van Helsing video game for PlayStation 2, Xbox, PC and Game Boy Advance. The game follows a similar plot to the movie, has gameplay similar to Devil May Cry and the PS2 and Xbox versions feature the voice talent of many of the actors including Hugh Jackman.
Slot games[edit]
Van Helsing also features in a slot game produced by International Game Technology. The game is available in real world casinos and online, though users in Argentina, Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey and the US are excluded from playing the online games.[4]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
The film opened at #1 in the weekend of May 7–9, 2004. The film grossed US$300,257,475 worldwide of which US$120,177,084 was from the US.[3]
Critical reception[edit]
Van Helsing received mostly negative reviews by critics.[5] Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 23% of 213 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating was 4.2/10. The site's consensus reads: "A hollow creature feature that suffers from CGI overload."[6] Metacritic rated it 35/100 based on 38 reviews.[7] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[8] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave an extremely negative review, rating the film half a star out of four and calling it "the worst would-be summer blockbuster since Battlefield Earth". Furthermore, he wrote "There are quite a few unintentionally funny moments, although the overall experience was too intensely painful for me to be able to advocate it as being "so bad, it's good." ... Some, however, will doubtless view it as such. More power to them, since sitting through this movie requires something more than a strong constitution and a capacity for self-torture."[9] Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle greatly disliked the film, writing: "Writer-director Stephen Sommers (...) throws together plot strains from various horror movies and stories and tries to muscle things along with flash and dazzle. But his film just lies there, weighted down by a complete lack of wit, artfulness and internal logic. ... What Sommers tries to do here is use action as the only means of involving an audience. So story is sacrificed. Character development is nonexistent, and there are no attempts to incite emotion. Instead, Sommers tries to hold an audience for two hours with nothing up his sleeve but colored ribbons, bright sparklers and a kazoo. What he proves is that this is no way to make movies."[10] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun Times gave the film 3 stars out of 4 stating that "At the outset, we may fear Sommers is simply going for f/x overkill, but by the end, he has somehow succeeded in assembling all his monsters and plot threads into a high-voltage climax. Van Helsing is silly, spectacular and fun."[11]
Accolades[edit]
Award
Subject
Nominee
Result
Saturn Award Best Horror Film Nominated[12]
Best Costume Design Gabriella Pescucci, Carlo Poggioli
Best Make-Up Greg Cannom, Steve LaPorte
Best Special Effects Scott Squires, Ben Snow, Daniel Jeannette, Syd Dutton
Best Music Alan Silvestri Won[13]
Visual Effects Society Outstanding Special Effects in Service to Visual Effects in a Motion Picture Geoff Heron, Chad Taylor Nominated[14]
Spin-offs[edit]
Sommers expanded the story of Van Helsing in two direct spin-offs:
The animated prequel titled Van Helsing: The London Assignment takes place before the main events of the film, focusing on Van Helsing's mission to try to stop Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde from terrorizing London.
There is also a one-shot comic book, published by Dark Horse Comics, titled Van Helsing: From Beneath the Rue Morgue, that follows Van Helsing on a self-contained adventure that occurs during the events of the film, just after the death of Jekyll/Hyde in Paris but before Van Helsing returned to Rome. In the adventure, Van Helsing deals with Doctor Moreau and his hybrid mutants.
Reboot and shared universe[edit]
See also: Dark Universe (franchise)
In May 2012, Universal Pictures announced that they would be rebooting the film with Alex Kurtzman and Roberto Orci as a two-year deal to produce a modern reimagining and Tom Cruise to star as the title character and also produce the film.[15] Rupert Sanders is in talks to direct the film.[16] Orci spoken to IGN that he has hinted that both The Mummy and Van Helsing reboots will have a shared universe.[17][18] On November 11, 2015, Variety reports that Jon Spaihts and Eric Heisserer will write the reboot, but Cruise left the film. However, in 2016, Cruise signed back on to star in Kurtzman's The Mummy, which was released in theaters on June 9, 2017.[19]
See also[edit]
Abraham Van Helsing
Universal Monsters
Vampire film
List of films featuring Frankenstein's monster
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (film)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Van Helsing". www.filmcommission.cz (in Czech). Retrieved 13 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Van Helsing (2004)". British Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-07.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Van Helsing". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
Jump up ^ "IGT Slots Blocked Territories". Archived from the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2014-05-12.
Jump up ^ Wloszczyna, Susan (2004-05-10). "Marketing goes to heroic measures". USA Today. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
Jump up ^ "Van Helsing". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Van Helsing". Metacritic. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com.
Jump up ^ Berardinelli, James. "Van Helsing". ReelViews. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
Jump up ^ LaSalle, Mick (May 7, 2004). "'Van Helsing' a monstrosity of a movie". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (May 7, 2004). "Van Helsing". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 2012-05-09.
Jump up ^ "NOMINATIONS FOR 31ST ANNUAL SATURN AWARDS ANNOUNCED". Film Threat. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
Jump up ^ ""Spider-man 2" Big Winner at the 31st Annual Saturn Awards". Saturn Awards. Archived from the original on 2005-07-25. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (2005-01-10). "Spidey pic catches 6 f/x noms from VES". Variety. Retrieved 2018-01-22.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (2012-05-02). "Orci, Kurtzman sign two-year Universal deal". Variety. Retrieved 2012-05-02.
Jump up ^ "BREAKING: Rupert Sanders Circling Universal's Tom Cruise-Starring VAN HELSING". Twich. 2012-10-10. Archived from the original on 2013-01-18. Retrieved 2013-01-23.
Jump up ^ Tilly, Chris (18 October 2013). "Bob Orci Discusses Van Helsing Reboot". IGN. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (January 6, 2014). "Forget Franchises: Why 2014 Will Be Hollywood's Year of the 'Shared Universe'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (November 11, 2015). "Universal's 'Van Helsing' Reboot Enlists Scribes Jon Spaihts and Eric Heisserer (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved April 28, 2018.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Van Helsing
Official website
Van Helsing on IMDb
Van Helsing at AllMovie
Van Helsing at Rotten Tomatoes
Van Helsing at Metacritic
Van Helsing at Box Office Mojo
Dark Horse Comics' Van Helsing one-shot comic book
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Films directed by Stephen Sommers
Catch Me If You Can (1989)
The Adventures of Huck Finn (1993)
The Jungle Book (1994)
Deep Rising (1998)
The Mummy (1999)
The Mummy Returns (2001)
Van Helsing (2004)
G.I. Joe: The Rise of Cobra (2009)
Odd Thomas (2013)
show
v
t
e
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Characters
Frankenstein's monster
Victor Frankenstein
Bride of Frankenstein
Doctor Waldman
Elizabeth Lavenza
show
Films (expands on the right)
Film characters
Igor
Doctor Septimus Pretorius
Wolf Frankenstein
Universal series
Frankenstein (1931)
Bride of Frankenstein (1935)
Son of Frankenstein (1939)
The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942)
Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943)
House of Frankenstein (1944)
House of Dracula (1945)
Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948)
Hammer series
The Curse of Frankenstein (1957)
The Revenge of Frankenstein (1958)
The Evil of Frankenstein (1964)
Frankenstein Created Woman (1967)
Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed (1969)
The Horror of Frankenstein (1970)
Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell (1974)
Toho series
Frankenstein Conquers the World (1965)
The War of the Gargantuas (1966)
Parodies
Mad Monster Party? (1967)
Mad Mad Mad Monsters (1972)
Young Frankenstein (1974)
Frankenstein all'italiana (1975)
Frankenweenie (1984)
Transylvania 6-5000 (1985)
The Monster Squad (1987)
Frankenhooker (1990)
Monster Mash (1995)
Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein (1999)
Monster Mash (2000)
Frankenthumb (2002)
Hotel Transylvania (2012)
Frankenweenie (2012)
Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015)
Monster Family (2017)
Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (2018)
Others
Frankenstein (1910)
Life Without Soul (1915)
The Monster of Frankenstein (1920)
I Was a Teenage Frankenstein (1957)
Frankenstein 1970 (1958)
Frankenstein's Daughter (1958)
Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster (1965)
Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter (1966)
Los Monstruos del Terror (1970)
Lady Frankenstein (1971)
Dracula vs. Frankenstein (1971)
Frankenstein '80 (1972)
Flesh for Frankenstein (1973)
Blackenstein (1973)
Frankenstein's Castle of Freaks (1974)
Frankenstein Legend of Terror (1981)
Frankenstein Island (1981)
The Bride (1985)
Frankenstein Unbound (1990)
Frankenstein (1992)
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1994)
Van Helsing (2004)
Frankenstein vs. the Creature from Blood Cove (2005)
Vampire Girl vs. Frankenstein Girl (2009)
House of the Wolf Man (2009)
Frankenstein: Day of the Beast (2011)
Frankenstein's Army (2013)
The Frankenstein Theory (2013)
I, Frankenstein (2014)
Army of Frankensteins (2014)
Frankenstein (2015)
Victor Frankenstein (2015)
Television
Tales of Frankenstein (1958)
Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles (1966–1968)
Groovie Goolies (1970-1971)
Frankenstein: The True Story (1973)
Monster Squad (1976)
Struck by Lightning (1979)
Monster Force (1994)
House of Frankenstein (1997)
Frankenstein (2004 TV film)
Frankenstein (2004 miniseries)
Frankenstein (2007)
Mary Shelley's Frankenhole (2010)
Once Upon a Time
"The Doctor" (2012)
"In the Name of the Brother" (2013)
Penny Dreadful (2014–2016)
The Frankenstein Chronicles (2015)
Second Chance (2016)
Stage
Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein (1823)
Frankenstein, or The Vampire's Victim (1887)
Joined At The Heart (2007)
Frankenstein – A New Musical (2007)
Young Frankenstein (2007)
Frankenstein (2011 play)
Frankenstein's Wedding (2011 play)
Novels
Frankenstein's Aunt (1978)
Frankenstein's Aunt Returns (1989)
Frankenstein's Cat (2001)
Dean Koontz's Frankenstein
Prodigal Son (2005)
City of Night (2005)
Dead and Alive (2009)
Lost Souls (2010)
Frankenstein in Baghdad (2013)
Comics
Bernie Wrightson's Frankenstein
Frankenstein (DC Comics)
Frankenstein (Dell Comics)
Doc Frankenstein
Embalming
Frankenstein's Monster (Marvel Comics)
Frankenstein (Prize Comics)
Young Frankenstein
Video games
Frankenstein
Frankenstein: The Monster Returns
Dr. Franken
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
Frankenstein: Through the Eyes of the Monster
Van Helsing
Related
Frankenstein in popular culture
Frankenstein Castle
Johann Conrad Dippel
Frankenstrat (guitar)
"Frankenstein" (1973 single)
Frankenstein (Death Race)
Frankenstein, MD (2014)
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Bram Stoker's Dracula
Characters
Original novel
Count Dracula
Abraham Van Helsing
Jonathan Harker
Mina Harker
Lucy Westenra
Arthur Holmwood
Dr. John Seward
Quincey Morris
Renfield
Brides
Other works
Adri Nital
Alucard
Count Alucard
Count Orlok
Count von Count
Doctor Sun
Eva
Hamilton Slade
Janus
Postmortem
Turac
Historical
Vlad II Dracul
Vlad Călugărul
Vlad the Impaler
Films
Universal
series
Dracula (1931 English-language)
Drácula (1931 Spanish-language)
Dracula's Daughter (1936)
Son of Dracula (1943)
House of Frankenstein (1944)
House of Dracula (1945)
Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948)
Hammer
series
Dracula (1958)
The Brides of Dracula (1960)
Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966)
Dracula Has Risen from the Grave (1968)
Taste the Blood of Dracula (1970)
Scars of Dracula (1970)
Dracula A.D. 1972 (1972)
The Satanic Rites of Dracula (1973)
The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires (1974)
Dracula
2000
Dracula 2000 (2000)
Dracula II: Ascension (2003)
Dracula III: Legacy (2005)
Parodies
Mad Monster Party? (1967)
Batman Fights Dracula (1967)
Blacula (1972)
Mad Mad Mad Monsters (1972)
Blood for Dracula (1974)
Vampira (1974)
Son of Dracula (1974)
Dracula in the Provinces (1975)
Dracula and Son (1976)
Love at First Bite (1979)
The Halloween That Almost Wasn't (1979)
Fracchia contro Dracula (1985)
Transylvania 6-5000 (1985)
The Monster Squad (1987)
Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf (1988)
Dracula: Dead and Loving It (1995)
Monster Mash (1995)
Monster Mash (2000)
Zora the Vampire (2000)
Hotel Transylvania (2012)
Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015)
Monster Family (2017)
Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (2018)
Other
Dracula's Death (1921)
Nosferatu (1922)
The Return of the Vampire (1943)
Drakula İstanbul'da (1953)
Blood of Dracula (1957)
The Return of Dracula (1958)
Batman Dracula (1964)
Billy the Kid Versus Dracula (1966)
Dracula (1968)
Blood of Dracula's Castle (1969)
Count Dracula (1970)
Los Monstruos del Terror (1970)
Cuadecuc, vampir (1971)
Vampyros Lesbos (1971)
Dracula vs. Frankenstein (1971)
Bram Stoker's Dracula (1973)
Count Dracula's Great Love (1974)
Count Dracula (1977)
Dracula's Dog (1978)
Doctor Dracula (1978)
Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979)
Dracula (1979)
Nocturna: Granddaughter of Dracula (1979)
Dracula's Widow (1988)
To Die For (1989)
Sundown: The Vampire in Retreat (1989)
Bram Stoker's Dracula (1992)
Nadja (1994)
Shadow of the Vampire (2000)
Dark Prince: The True Story of Dracula (2000)
Dracula: Pages from a Virgin's Diary (2002)
Dracula (2002)
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003)
Van Helsing (2004)
Van Helsing: The London Assignment (2004)
Dracula 3000 (2004)
The Vulture's Eye (2004)
Blade: Trinity (2004)
The Batman vs. Dracula (2005)
Bram Stoker's Dracula's Curse (2006)
Dracula (2006)
Bram Stoker's Dracula's Guest (2008)
The Librarian: Curse of the Judas Chalice (2008)
House of the Wolf Man (2009)
Young Dracula (2011)
Dracula Reborn (2012)
Dracula 3D (2012)
Saint Dracula 3D (2012)
Dracula 2012 (2013)
Dracula: The Dark Prince (2013)
Dracula Untold (2014)
Television
Series
Monster Squad (1976)
Draculas ring (1978)
Cliffhangers (1979)
Drak Pack (1980)
Count Duckula (1988–1993)
Dracula: The Series (1990–1991)
Little Dracula (1991–1999)
Monster Force (1994)
Ace Kilroy (2011–2012)
Young Dracula (2006–2014)
characters
episodes
Dracula (2013–2014)
Penny Dreadful (2014–2016)
Episodes
"Treehouse of Horror IV" (1993)
"Treehouse of Horror XXI" (2010)
"Buffy vs. Dracula" (2000)
Other
novels
The Dracula Tape and sequels (1975–2002)
Anno Dracula series (1992–present)
Anno Dracula
The Bloody Red Baron
Dracula Cha Cha Cha
Dracula's Guest and Other Weird Stories (1914)
The Revenge of Dracula (1978)
Little Dracula (1986)
Dracula the Undead (1997)
The Historian (2005)
The Book of Renfield (2005)
Bloodline (2005)
Young Dracula and Young Monsters (2006)
Fangland (2007)
Dracula the Un-dead (2009)
Radio
Dracula (1938)
Dracula (1975)
Plays
Dracula (1924)
Dracula (1995)
Dracula (1996)
Musicals
Dracula (Czech musical) (1995)
Dracula: A Chamber Musical (1997)
Dracula, the Musical (2004)
Dracula – Entre l'amour et la mort (2006)
Dracula: the Musical (2010)
Dracula – L'amour plus fort que la mort (2011)
Comics
The Tomb of Dracula
Dracula (Marvel Comics)
Dracula (Dell Comics)
Dracula Lives!
Hellsing
The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen
Sword of Dracula
Batman & Dracula: Red Rain
Victorian Undead
Wolves at the Gate
X-Men: Apocalypse vs. Dracula
Purgatori
Video
games
The Count (1981)
Ghost Manor (1983)
Castlevania series
1986–present
Dracula
Dracula (1986)
Dracula the Undead (1991)
Dracula Hakushaku (1992)
Bram Stoker's Dracula (1993)
Bram Stoker's Dracula (handheld) (1993)
Dracula Unleashed (1993)
Dracula: Resurrection (2000)
Dracula 2: The Last Sanctuary (2000)
Van Helsing (2004)
Dracula 3: The Path of the Dragon (2008)
Dracula: Origin (2008)
Vampire Season Monster Defense (2012)
Dracula 4: The Shadow of the Dragon (2013)
Dracula 5: The Blood Legacy (2013)
The Incredible Adventures of Van Helsing (2013)
Drac's Night Out (unreleased)
Pinball
Dracula (1979)
Bram Stoker's Dracula (1993)
Monster Bash (1998)
Other games
The Fury of Dracula
Castles
Castle Dracula
Bran Castle
Poenari Castle
Corvin Castle
Albums
Dracula
Dracula 2000
Iubilaeum Anno Dracula 2001
Perfect Selection: Dracula Battle
Transylvania
Van Helsing
Songs
"Love Song for a Vampire"
Audio dramas
Son of the Dragon
Related topics
Dracula in popular culture
Don Dracula
Transylvanian Society of Dracula
Dracula Society
Dracula tourism
Lugosi v. Universal Pictures
"Dracula/The Rose"
show
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The Wolf Man film series
Original
The Wolf Man (1941)
Sequels
Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man (1943)
House of Frankenstein (1944)
House of Dracula (1945)
Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein (1948)
Remake
The Wolfman (2010)
Characters
Larry Talbot
Other films
Mad Monster Party? (1967)
Mad Mad Mad Monsters (1972)
The Monster Squad (1987)
Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet the Wolfman (2000)
Monster Mash (2000)
Van Helsing (2004)
House of the Wolf Man (2009)
Hotel Transylvania (2012)
Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015)
Monster Family (2017)
show
v
t
e
Universal Monsters
Films
Dracula
Dracula (English)/(Spanish) (1931)
Dracula's Daughter (1936)
Son of Dracula (1943)
Remakes
Dracula (1979)
Dracula Untold (2014)
Frankenstein
Frankenstein (1931)
Bride of Frankenstein (1935; character)
Son of Frankenstein (1939)
The Ghost of Frankenstein (1942)
Edgar Allan Poe
Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932)
The Black Cat (1934)
The Raven (1935)
The Black Cat (1941)
The Mystery of Marie Roget (1942)
Mummy
(Imhotep
• Kharis)
The Mummy (1932)
The Mummy's Hand (1940)
The Mummy's Tomb (1942)
The Mummy's Ghost
The Mummy's Curse (1944)
The Mummy (2017)
The Mummy
The Mummy (1999)
The Mummy Returns (2001)
Tomb of the Dragon Emperor (2008)
Invisible Man
The Invisible Man (1933)
Returns
The Invisible Woman (1940)
Invisible Agent (1942)
The Invisible Man's Revenge (1944)
Werewolves (The Wolf Man)
Werewolf of London (1935)
The Wolf Man (1941)
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Cohort study
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other senses of this word, see cohort (disambiguation).
A cohort study is a particular form of longitudinal study that sample a cohort (a group of people who share a defining characteristic, typically those who experienced a common event in a selected period, such as birth or graduation), performing a cross-section at intervals through time. While a cohort study is a panel study, a panel study is not always a cohort study as individuals in a panel study do not always share a common characteristic.[1]
Cohort studies represent one of the fundamental designs of epidemiology which are used in research in the fields of medicine, nursing, psychology, social science, and in any field reliant on 'difficult to reach' answers that are based on evidence (statistics). In medicine for instance, while clinical trials are used primarily for assessing the safety of newly developed pharmaceuticals before they are approved for sale, epidemiological analysis on how risk factors affect the incidence of diseases is often used to identify the causes of diseases in the first place, and to help provide pre-clinical justification for the plausibility of protective factors (treatments). Cohort studies differ from clinical trials in that no intervention, treatment, or exposure is administered to participants in a cohort design; and no control group is defined. Rather, cohort studies are largely about the life histories of segments of populations, and the individual people who constitute these segments.[2][3] Exposures or protective factors are identified as preexisting characteristics of participants. The study is controlled by including other common characteristics of the cohort in the statistical analysis. Both exposure/treatment and control variables are measured at baseline. Participants are then followed over time to observe the incidence rate of the disease or outcome in question. Regression analysis can then be used to evaluate the extent to which the exposure or treatment variable contributes to the incidence of the disease, while accounting for other variables that may be at play.
Double-blind randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are generally considered superior methodology in the hierarchy of evidence in treatment, because they allow for the most control over other variables that could affect the outcome, and the randomization and blinding processes reduce bias in the study design. This minimizes the chance that results will be influenced by confounding variables, particularly ones that are unknown. However, educated hypotheses based on prior research and background knowledge are used to select variables to be included in the regression model for cohort studies, and statistical methods can be used to identify and account potential confounders from these variables. Bias can also be mitigated in a cohort study when selecting participants for the cohort. It is also important to note that RCTs may not be suitable in all cases; such as when the outcome is a negative health effect and the exposure is hypothesized to be a risk factor for the outcome. Ethical standards, and morality, would prevent the use of risk factors in RCTs. The natural or incidental exposure to these risk factors (e.g. time spent in the sun), or self-administered exposure (e.g. smoking), can measured without subjecting participants to risk factors outside of their individual lifestyles, habits, and choices.
Cohort studies can be retrospective (looking back in time, thus using existing data such as medical records or claims database) or prospective (requiring the collection of new data).[4] Retrospectives cohort studies restrict the investigators ability to reduce confounding and bias because collected information is restricted to data that already exists. There are advantages to this design however, as retrospective studies are much cheaper and faster because the data has already been collected and stored.
A cohort is a group of people who share a common characteristic or experience within a defined period (e.g., are currently living, are exposed to a drug or vaccine or pollutant, or undergo a certain medical procedure). Thus a group of people who were born on a day or in a particular period, say 1948, form a birth cohort. The comparison group may be the general population from which the cohort is drawn, or it may be another cohort of persons thought to have had little or no exposure to the substance under investigation, but otherwise similar. Alternatively, subgroups within the cohort may be compared with each other.
Indicators of cohort study:
When there is a strong association between cause and effect, established by any observational study
When the exposure is rare, but incidence of disease among exposed is high
When people's attrition can be minimized
When resources are ample
Contents
1 Application
2 Examples
3 Variations
3.1 Current and historical cohorts
3.2 Nested case-control study
3.3 Household panel survey
3.4 Cohort analysis in business
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Application[edit]
In medicine, a cohort study is often undertaken to obtain evidence to try to refute the existence of a suspected association between cause and effect; failure to refute a hypothesis often strengthens confidence in it. Crucially, the cohort is identified before the appearance of the disease under investigation. The study groups follow a group of people who do not have the disease for a period of time and see who develops the disease (new incidence). The cohort cannot therefore be defined as a group of people who already have the disease. Prospective (longitudinal) cohort studies between exposure and disease strongly aid in studying causal associations, though distinguishing true causality usually requires further corroboration from further experimental trials.
The advantage of prospective cohort study data is that it can help determine risk factors for contracting a new disease because it is a longitudinal observation of the individual through time, and the collection of data at regular intervals, so recall error is reduced. However, cohort studies are expensive to conduct, are sensitive to attrition and take a long follow-up time to generate useful data. Nevertheless, the results that are obtained from long-term cohort studies are of substantially superior quality to those obtained from retrospective/cross-sectional studies. Prospective cohort studies are considered to yield the most reliable results in observational epidemiology. They enable a wide range of exposure-disease associations to be studied.
Some cohort studies track groups of children from their birth, and record a wide range of information (exposures) about them. The value of a cohort study depends on the researchers' capacity to stay in touch with all members of the cohort. Some studies have continued for decades.
In a cohort study, the population under investigation consists of individuals who are at risk of developing a specific disease or health outcome.[5]
Examples[edit]
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An example of an epidemiological question that can be answered using a cohort study is whether exposure to X (say, smoking) associates with outcome Y (say, lung cancer). In 1951 commenced the British Doctors Study, a cohort that included both smokers (the exposed group) and non-smokers (the unexposed group). The study continued through 2001. By 1956, the study provided convincing proof of the association of smoking with the incidence of lung cancer. In a cohort study, the groups are matched in terms of many other variables such as economic status and other health status so that the variable being assessed, the independent variable (in this case, smoking) can be isolated as the cause of the dependent variable (in this case, lung cancer). In this example, a statistically significant increase in the incidence of lung cancer in the smoking group as compared to the non-smoking group is evidence in favor of the hypothesis. However, rare outcomes, such as lung cancer, are generally not studied with the use of a cohort study, but are rather studied with the use of a case-control study.
Shorter term studies are commonly used in medical research as a form of clinical trial, or means to test a particular hypothesis of clinical importance. Such studies typically follow two groups of patients for a period of time and compare an endpoint or outcome measure between the two groups.
Randomized controlled trials, or RCTs are a superior methodology in the hierarchy of evidence, because they limit the potential for bias by randomly assigning one patient pool to an intervention and another patient pool to non-intervention (or placebo). This minimizes the chance that the incidence of confounding variables will differ between the two groups.
Nevertheless, it is sometimes not practical or ethical to perform RCTs to answer a clinical question. To take our example, if we already had reasonable evidence that smoking causes lung cancer then persuading a pool of non-smokers to take up smoking in order to test this hypothesis would generally be considered quite unethical.
Two examples of cohort studies that have been going on for more than 50 years are the Framingham Heart Study and the National Child Development Study (NCDS), the most widely researched of the British birth cohort studies. Key findings of NCDS and a detailed profile of the study appear in the International Journal of Epidemiology.[6]
The Dunedin Longitudinal Study, started in 1975, has been studying the thousand people born in Dunedin, New Zealand in 1972-73. The subjects are interviewed regularly, with Phase 45 starting in 2017.
The largest cohort study in women is the Nurses' Health Study. Started in 1976, it is tracking over 120,000 nurses and has been analyzed for many different conditions and outcomes.
The largest cohort study in Africa is the Birth to Twenty Study, which began in 1990 and tracks a cohort of over 3,000 children born in the weeks following Nelson Mandela's release from prison.
Other famous examples are the Grant Study tracking a number of Harvard graduates from ca. 1950.77, the Whitehall Study tracking 10,308 British civil servants, and the Caerphilly Heart Disease Study, which since 1979 has studied a representative sample of 2,512 men, drawn from the Welsh town of Caerphilly.[7]
Variations[edit]
Comparison of timelines of case-control and cohort studies
The diagram indicates the starting point and direction of cohort and case-control studies. In Case-control studies the analysis proceeds from documented disease and investigations are made to arrive at the possible causes of the disease. In cohort studies the assessments starts with the putative cause of disease, and observations are made of the occurrence of disease relative to the hypothesized causal agent.[8]
Current and historical cohorts[edit]
Main article: Retrospective cohort study
A current cohort study represents a true prospective study where the data concerning exposure are assembled prior to the occurrence of the fact to be studied, for instance a disease. An example of a current cohort study is the Oxford Family Planning Association Study in the United Kingdom, which aimed to provide a balanced view of the beneficial and harmful effects of different methods of contraception. This study has provided a large amount of information on the efficacy and safety of contraceptive methods, and in particular oral contraceptives (OCs), diaphragms and intrauterine device (IUDs).[citation needed]
In a historical cohort study the data concerning exposure and occurrence of a disease, births, a political attitude or any other categorical variable are collected after the events have taken place, and the subjects (those exposed and unexposed to the agent under study) are assembled from existing records or health care registers.
A "prospective cohort" defines the groups before the study is done, while historical studies, which are sometimes referred to as "retrospective cohort", defines the grouping after the data is collected. Examples of a retrospective cohort are Long-Term Mortality after Gastric Bypass Surgery[9] and The Lothian Birth Cohort Studies.[10]
Though historical studies are sometimes referred to as retrospective study, it a misnomer as the methodological principles of historical cohort studies and prospective studies are the same.[8]
Nested case-control study[edit]
Main article: Nested case-control study
An example of a nested case-control study is Inflammatory markers and the risk of coronary heart disease in men and women, which was a case control analyses extracted from the Framingham Heart Study cohort.[11]
Household panel survey[edit]
Household panel surveys are an important sub-type of cohort study. These draw representative samples of households and survey them, following all individuals through time on a usually annual basis. Examples include the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics (since 1968), the German Socio-Economic Panel (since 1984), the British Household Panel Survey (since 1991), the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (since 2001) and the European Community Household Panel (1994–2001).
Cohort analysis in business[edit]
For an example in business analysis, see cohort analysis.
See also[edit]
Panel analysis
Panel data
Cohort (statistics)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "What is the difference between a Panel Study and a Cohort Study?". Academia Stack Exchange. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Cohort Studies". Web Center for Social Research Methods. Archived from the original on 2011-09-09.
Jump up ^ Porta, Miquel, ed. (2008). A Dictionary of Epidemiology (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Jump up ^ "FAQ: What is a cohort study?". California Department of Public Health, Environmental Health Investigations Branch. June 2, 2001.
Jump up ^ Blumenthal, Ursula J.; Fleisher, Jay M.; Esrey, Steve A.; Peasey, Anne (2001). "Chapter 7: Epidemiology: a tool for the assessment of risk" (PDF). In Fewtrell, Lorna; Bartram, Jamie. Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards, and Health : Assessment of Risk and Risk Management for Water-related Infectious Disease. IWA Publishing. pp. 143–144.
Jump up ^ Power C, Elliott J (2006). "Cohort profile: 1958 British Cohort Study". International Journal of Epidemiology. 35 (1): 34–41. doi:10.1093/ije/dyi183. PMID 16155052.
Jump up ^ "Caerphilly and Speedwell collaborative heart disease studies. The Caerphilly and Speedwell Collaborative Group". Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 38 (3): 259–262. 1984. doi:10.1136/jech.38.3.259. PMC 1052363  . PMID 6332166. .
^ Jump up to: a b Meirik, O. "Cohort and Case-Control Studies". In Campana, Aldo. Reproductive Health. Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
Jump up ^ Adams TD, Gress RE, Smith SC, et al. (2007). "Long-term mortality after gastric bypass surgery". N. Engl. J. Med. 357 (8): 753–61. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa066603. PMID 17715409.
Jump up ^ "The Lothian Birth Cohort Studies". University of Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 2009-10-22. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Pai, JK; Pischon, T; Ma, J; et al. (2004). "Inflammatory markers and the risk of coronary heart disease in men and women". N. Engl. J. Med. 351 (25): 2599–2610. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa040967. PMID 15602020.
External links[edit]
Prospective cohorts
Retrospective cohorts
Study Design Tutorial Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine
Birth cohort study timelines (ESDS Longitudinal)
Centre for Longitudinal Studies
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Minnesota Vikings statistics
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Minnesota Vikings is an American football franchise based in Minneapolis. The team was established in 1961 and is part of the National Football League's NFC North division. Since then, the team has taken part in the NFL playoffs 28 times, reaching four Super Bowls in 1970, 1974, 1975 and 1977.
This list encompasses the major records set by the team, its coaches and its players. The players section of this page lists the individual records for passing, rushing and receiving, as well as selected defensive records. The team has had three full-time home stadiums since its establishment – Metropolitan Stadium, Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, and U.S. Bank Stadium; attendance records, both home and away, are included on this page.
Contents
[hide]
1 All-time series
2 Team records
2.1 Firsts
2.2 Biggest results
2.3 Wins/losses in a season
2.4 Streaks
2.5 Points
2.6 Touchdowns
2.7 Field goals
2.8 Attendances
3 Individual records
3.1 Most career rushing yards
3.2 Most career rushing touchdowns
3.3 Most career passing yards
3.4 Most career passing touchdowns
3.5 Most career receiving yards
3.6 Most career receiving touchdowns
3.7 Most career points
3.8 Most career interceptions
3.9 Most career sacks
3.10 Most career tackles
3.11 Scoring
3.12 Rushing
3.13 Passing
3.14 Receiving
3.15 Defense
3.16 Special teams
4 References
All-time series[edit]
Team
W
L
T
Win%
Points scored
Points allowed
W
L
Win%
Points scored
Points allowed
Regular season
Playoffs
Arizona
14 11 0 0.560 595 559 2 0 1.000 71 35
Atlanta
17 10 0 0.630 643 452 1 1 0.500 57 54
Baltimore
3 3 0 0.500 147 153 0 0 — — —
Buffalo
8 5 0 0.615 314 222 0 0 — — —
Carolina
8 5 0 0.615 236 254 0 0 — — —
Chicago
59 51 2 0.536 2,361 2,171 0 1 0.000 18 35
Cincinnati
6 6 0 0.500 253 236 0 0 — — —
Cleveland
11 4 0 0.733 410 240 1 0 1.000 27 7
Dallas
11 12 0 0.478 549 532 3 4 0.429 135 123
Denver
7 7 0 0.500 305 316 0 0 — — —
Detroit
71 38 2 0.649 2,386 2,054 0 0 — — —
Green Bay
51 59 2 0.464 2,173 2,459 1 1 0.500 41 41
Houston
4 0 0 1.000 116 68 0 0 — — —
Indianapolis
7 16 1 0.313 488 619 0 1 0.000 14 24
Jacksonville
5 1 0 0.833 161 110 0 0 — — —
Kansas City
5 6 0 0.455 241 186 0 1 0.000 7 23
Los Angeles
21 14 2 0.595 844 813 5 2 0.714 150 150
Miami
4 7 0 0.364 212 230 0 1 0.000 7 24
New England
4 8 0 0.333 244 260 0 0 — — —
New Orleans
19 10 0 0.655 732 531 2 1 0.667 106 57
NY Giants
15 10 0 0.600 602 459 1 2 0.333 33 80
NY Jets
2 8 0 0.200 172 250 0 0 — — —
Oakland
5 9 0 0.357 280 335 0 1 0.000 14 32
Philadelphia
13 10 0 0.565 533 507 0 3 0.000 44 84
Pittsburgh
9 8 0 0.529 389 336 0 1 0.000 6 16
San Diego
6 6 0 0.500 279 300 0 0 — — —
San Francisco
21 19 1 0.524 905 925 1 4 0.200 94 154
Seattle
5 9 0 0.357 324 374 0 1 0.000 9 10
Tampa Bay
33 22 0 0.600 1,183 1,000 0 0 — — —
Tennessee
9 4 0 0.692 345 204 0 0 — — —
Washington
10 10 0 0.500 500 451 2 3 0.400 86 102
Totals
463
388
10
0.544
18,932
17,627
19
28
0.404
919
1,051
Last updated: Week 9 of the 2017 NFL season[1]
Team records[edit]
Firsts[edit]
First home game: Chicago Bears 13–37 Minnesota Vikings, September 17, 1961
First road game: Minnesota Vikings 7–21 Dallas Cowboys, September 24, 1961
First postseason game: Minnesota Vikings 14–24 Baltimore Colts, Divisional Round, December 22, 1968
First postseason win: Los Angeles Rams 20–23 Minnesota Vikings, Divisional Round, December 27, 1969
First Super Bowl: Minnesota Vikings 7–23 Kansas City Chiefs, Super Bowl IV, January 11, 1970
First game at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome: Seattle Seahawks 3–7 Minnesota Vikings, August 21, 1982
First regular season game at the Metrodome: Tampa Bay Buccaneers 10–17 Minnesota Vikings, September 12, 1982
First game at U.S. Bank Stadium: San Diego Chargers 10–23 Minnesota Vikings, August 28, 2016
First regular season game at U.S. Bank Stadium: Green Bay Packers 14–17 Minnesota Vikings, September 18, 2016
Biggest results[edit]
Largest margin of victory (home): 48, Cleveland Browns 3–51 Minnesota Vikings, November 9, 1969
Largest margin of victory (road): 40, Minnesota Vikings 43–3 Dallas Cowboys, November 13, 1988
Largest margin of defeat (home): 35, Philadelphia Eagles 42–7 Minnesota Vikings, September 14, 1980
Largest margin of defeat (road): 44, Minnesota Vikings 7–51 San Francisco 49ers, December 8, 1984
Most points scored in a game: 54, Dallas Cowboys 13–54 Minnesota Vikings, October 18, 1970
Most points allowed in a game: 56, St. Louis Cardinals 56–14 Minnesota Vikings, October 6, 1963
Most points in a game (both teams): 89, Minnesota Vikings 41–48 Chicago Bears, October 19, 2008
Wins/losses in a season[edit]
Most games won in a season (regular season): 15, 1998
Most games won in a season (including postseason): 16, 1998
Most games lost in a season: 13
1984
2011
Streaks[edit]
Most consecutive games won (regular season): 13, 1974–1975
Most consecutive games won (including postseason): 12, 1969
Most consecutive home games won: 15, 1974–1976
Most consecutive road games won: 7
1970–1971
1973–1974
Most consecutive games lost: 8, 2001–2002
Most consecutive home games lost: 5
1966–1967
2011
Most consecutive road games lost: 16, 2000–2002
Most consecutive games scoring: 260, 1991–2007
Most consecutive games with a touchdown: 97, 1995–2001
Most consecutive games with a field goal: 31, 1968–1970
Points[edit]
Most points scored in a season: 556, 1998
Fewest points scored in a season: 187, 1982 (season reduced to 9 games)
Fewest points scored in a 16-game season: 259, 1979
Most points allowed in a season: 484, 1984
Fewest points allowed in a season: 133, 1969
Fewest points allowed in a 16-game season: 233, 1988
Touchdowns[edit]
Most touchdowns scored in a season: 64, 1998
Fewest touchdowns scored in a season: 23, 1982 (season reduced to 9 games)
Fewest touchdowns scored in a 16-game season: 28, 1993
Most touchdowns allowed in a season: 59, 1984
Fewest touchdowns allowed in a season: 14
1970
1971
Most touchdowns scored in a game: 7
vs. Baltimore Colts, September 28, 1969
vs. Pittsburgh Steelers, November 23, 1969
at Tampa Bay Buccaneers, October 23, 1988
Most touchdowns allowed in a game: 8, vs. St. Louis Cardinals, October 6, 1963
Most touchdowns in a game (both teams): 12, at Chicago Bears, December 17, 1961
Field goals[edit]
Most field goals made in a season: 35
1998 (Gary Anderson)
2012 (Blair Walsh)
Most field goals made by opponents in a season: 34, 2006
Fewest field goals made in a season: 8
1977
1982 (season reduced to 9 games)
Most field goals made in a game: 7, vs. Los Angeles Rams, November 5, 1989
Most field goals made by an opponent in a game: 6
vs. Detroit Lions, November 13, 1966
at Detroit Lions, October 17, 1999
Attendances[edit]
Largest home attendance (regular season): 66,860, vs. Dallas Cowboys, December 1, 2016[2][3]
Largest home attendance (postseason): 64,060, vs. Atlanta Falcons, NFC Championship Game, January 17, 1999[3]
Largest road attendance (regular season): 90,608, at Washington Redskins, September 11, 2006[3]
Largest road attendance (postseason): 103,438, vs. Oakland Raiders, Super Bowl XI, Rose Bowl, Pasadena, January 9, 1977[3]
Largest total home attendance in a season: 513,437, 2003 (8 games)
Smallest home attendance (regular season): 13,911, vs. Green Bay Packers, October 4, 1987[3]
Smallest home attendance (postseason): 44,626, vs. St. Louis Cardinals, Divisional Round, December 21, 1974[3]
Smallest home attendance at the Metrodome (postseason): 57,353, vs. Washington Redskins, Wildcard Round, January 2, 1993[3]
Smallest road attendance (regular season): 12,992, at Dallas Cowboys, September 24, 1961[3]
Smallest road attendance (postseason): 54,593, at Washington Redskins, Divisional Round, January 15, 1983[3]
Individual records[edit]
Note: Bold indicates the record is still active as of week 7 of the 2017 NFL season.
Most career rushing yards[edit]
Rank
Player
Total yards
1 Adrian Peterson 11,747
2 Robert Smith 6,818
3 Chuck Foreman 5,879
4 Bill Brown 5,757
5 Ted Brown 4,546
6 Dave Osborn 4,320
7 Darrin Nelson 4,231
8 Tommy Mason 3,252
9 Michael Bennett 3,174
10 Chester Taylor 2,797
Most career rushing touchdowns[edit]
Rank
Player
Touchdowns
1 Adrian Peterson 97
2 Chuck Foreman 52
Bill Brown 52
4 Ted Brown 40
5 Robert Smith 32
6 Daunte Culpepper 29
Dave Osborn 29
8 Tommy Mason 28
9 Leroy Hoard 26
10 Terry Allen 23
Most career passing yards[edit]
Rank
Player
Total yards
1 Fran Tarkenton 33,098
2 Tommy Kramer 24,775
3 Daunte Culpepper 20,162
4 Wade Wilson 12,135
5 Brad Johnson 11,098
6 Warren Moon 10,102
7 Brett Favre 6,711
8 Christian Ponder 6,658
9 Rich Gannon 6,457
10 Teddy Bridgewater 6,150
Most career passing touchdowns[edit]
Rank
Player
Touchdowns
1 Fran Tarkenton 239
2 Tommy Kramer 159
3 Daunte Culpepper 135
4 Wade Wilson 66
5 Brad Johnson 65
6 Warren Moon 58
7 Randall Cunningham 48
8 Brett Favre 44
9 Rich Gannon 40
10 Christian Ponder 38
Most career receiving yards[edit]
Rank
Player
Total yards
1 Cris Carter 12,383
2 Randy Moss 9,316
3 Anthony Carter 7,635
4 Jake Reed 6,433
5 Sammy White 6,400
6 Steve Jordan 6,307
7 Ahmad Rashād 5,489
8 Hassan Jones 3,733
9 Percy Harvin 3,302
10 John Gilliam 3,297
Most career receiving touchdowns[edit]
Rank
Player
Touchdowns
1 Cris Carter 110
2 Randy Moss 92
3 Anthony Carter 52
4 Sammy White 50
5 Ahmad Rashād 34
6 Jake Reed 33
7 Kyle Rudolph 32
8 Steve Jordan 28
9 John Gilliam 27
10 Hassan Jones 24
Visanthe Shiancoe 24
Most career points[edit]
Rank
Player
Points
1 Fred Cox 1,365
2 Cris Carter 670
3 Ryan Longwell 633
4 Adrian Peterson 614
5 Fuad Reveiz 598
6 Randy Moss 564
7 Blair Walsh 555
8 Gary Anderson 542
9 Bill Brown 456
10 Chuck Foreman 450
Most career interceptions[edit]
Rank
Player
Interceptions
1 Paul Krause 53
2 Bobby Bryant 51
3 Ed Sharockman 40
4 Joey Browner 37
5 Nate Wright 31
6 Carl Lee 29
7 John Turner 22
Orlando Thomas 22
9 Antoine Winfield 21
10 Audray McMillian 19
Karl Kassulke 19
Most career sacks[edit]
Rank
Player
Sacks
1 Carl Eller 130
2 Jim Marshall 127
3 John Randle 114
4 Alan Page 108
5 Chris Doleman 96.5
6 Jared Allen 85.5
7 Kevin Williams 60
8 Everson Griffen 58
9 Brian Robison 57
10 Henry Thomas 56
*Sacks were not official until 1992
Most career tackles[edit]
Rank
Player
Tackles
1 Scott Studwell 1,981
2 Matt Blair 1,452
3 Jeff Siemon 1,382
4 Chad Greenway 1,350
5 Alan Page 1,120
*Tackles were not official until 2001
*Totals are defensive and special teams
Scoring[edit]
Most touchdowns in a season: 41, Daunte Culpepper (2004)
Most touchdowns in a season (non QB): 22, Chuck Foreman (1975)
Most rushing touchdowns in a season: 18, Adrian Peterson (2009)
Most rushing touchdowns in a rookie season: 12, Adrian Peterson (2007)
Most rushing touchdowns in a game: 3, 18 times
Tommy Mason
Clinton Jones
Chuck Foreman x2
D. J. Dozier
Herschel Walker
Daunte Culpepper
Onterrio Smith
Artose Pinner
Adrian Peterson x5
Chester Taylor
Matt Asiata x3
Most consecutive games with a rushing TD: 7, Moe Williams (2002)
Most passing touchdowns in a season: 39, Daunte Culpepper (2004)
Most passing touchdowns in a rookie season: 18, Fran Tarkenton (1961)
Most passing touchdowns in a game: 7, Joe Kapp (September 28, 1969) – NFL record
Most consecutive games with a passing TD: 24, Daunte Culpepper (2000–2001)
Most receiving touchdowns in a season: 17
Cris Carter (1995)
Randy Moss (twice: 1998, 2003)
Most receiving touchdowns in a rookie season: 17, Randy Moss (1998)
Most receiving touchdowns in a game: 4, Ahmad Rashād (September 2, 1979)
Most consecutive games with a receiving TD: 10, Randy Moss (2003–2004)
Most points scored in a season: 164, Gary Anderson (1998)
Most points scored in a rookie season: 141, Blair Walsh (2012)
Rushing[edit]
Most rushing attempts in a career: 2,418, Adrian Peterson (2007–2016)
Most rushing attempts in a season: 363, Adrian Peterson (2008)
Most rushing attempts in a rookie season: 238, Adrian Peterson (2007)
Most rushing attempts in a game: 35, Adrian Peterson (December 1, 2013)
Most consecutive attempts without a fumble: 478, Robert Smith (1996–1998)
Most rushing yards in a season: 2,097, Adrian Peterson (2012)
Most rushing yards in a rookie season: 1,341, Adrian Peterson (2007)
Most rushing yards in a game: 296, Adrian Peterson (November 4, 2007) – NFL record
Longest run: 95, Chester Taylor (October 22, 2006)
Most seasons with 1000+ yards rushing: 7, Adrian Peterson (2007–2010, 2012–2013, 2015)
Most consecutive seasons with 1000+ yards rushing: 4
Robert Smith (1997–2000)
Adrian Peterson (2007–2010)
Most games with 100+ yards rushing: 49, Adrian Peterson (2007–2016)[4]
Most games with 200+ yards rushing: 6, Adrian Peterson (2007–2016) – NFL record[4]
Most consecutive games with 100+ yards rushing: 8, Adrian Peterson (October 21, 2012–December 16, 2012)
Most games with 100+ yards rushing in a season: 10, Adrian Peterson (twice: 2008, 2012)
Passing[edit]
Most passing attempts in a career: 4,569, Fran Tarkenton (1961–1966, 1972–1978)
Most passing attempts in a season: 606, Warren Moon (1995)
Most passing attempts in a rookie season: 402, Teddy Bridgewater (2014)
Most passing attempts in a game: 63, Rich Gannon (October 20, 1991)
Most completions in a career: 2,635, Fran Tarkenton (1961–1966, 1972–1978)
Most completions in a season: 379, Daunte Culpepper (2004)
Most completions in a rookie season: 259, Teddy Bridgewater (2014)
Most completions in a game: 38, Tommy Kramer (twice: December 14, 1980, November 29, 1981)
Most consecutive completions: 16, Tommy Kramer (November 11, 1979)
Most passing yards in a season: 4,717, Daunte Culpepper (2004)
Most passing yards in a rookie season: 2,919, Teddy Bridgewater (2014)
Most passing yards in a game: 490, Tommy Kramer (November 2, 1986 OT)
Longest pass completion: 99 yards, Gus Frerotte (to Bernard Berrian) (November 30, 2008)
Longest pass completion by a rookie: 87 yards, Teddy Bridgewater (December 7, 2014)
Most seasons with 3,000+ yards passing: 5, Tommy Kramer (1979–1981, 1985–1986)
Most games with 300+ yards passing: 19
Tommy Kramer
Daunte Culpepper
Most consecutive games with 300+ yards passing: 4, Daunte Culpepper (September 20, 2004–October 17, 2004)
Most consecutive attempts without an interception: 193, Warren Moon (1995)
Receiving[edit]
Most receptions in a career: 1,004, Cris Carter (1990–2001)
Most receptions in a season: 122, Cris Carter (twice: 1994, 1995)
Most receptions in a rookie season: 69, Randy Moss (1998)
Most receptions in a game: 15, Rickey Young (December 16, 1979)
Most consecutive games with a reception: 111, Cris Carter (1991–1998)
Most seasons with 50+ receptions: 11, Cris Carter (1991–2001)
Most receiving yards in a season: 1,632, Randy Moss (2003)
Most receiving yards in a rookie season: 1,313, Randy Moss (1998)
Most receiving yards in a game: 210, Sammy White (November 7, 1976)
Longest reception: 99 yards, Bernard Berrian (from Gus Frerotte) (November 30, 2008)
Most seasons with 1,000+ yards receiving: 8, Cris Carter (1993–2000)
Most games with 100+ yards receiving: 41, Randy Moss (1998–2004)
Most consecutive games with 100+ yards receiving: 4
Jake Reed (1997)
Cris Carter (1999)
Randy Moss (twice: 2000, 2003)
Defense[edit]
Most tackles in a season: 230, Scott Studwell (1981)
Most tackles in a game: 24, Scott Studwell (November 17, 1985)
Most sacks in a season: 22, Jared Allen (2011)
Most sacks in a game: 5.0, Randy Holloway (September 16, 1984)
Most consecutive games with a sack: 11, Jared Allen (December 28, 2010 – November 14, 2011)[5]
Most fumble recoveries in a career: 29, Jim Marshall (1961–1979)
Most fumble recoveries in a season: 9, Don Hultz (1963) – NFL record
Most fumble recoveries in a game: 3, Joey Browner (September 8, 1985)
Longest fumble recovery: 94, Dwayne Rudd (December 6, 1998)
Most interceptions in a season: 10, Paul Krause (1975)
Most interceptions in a rookie season: 9, Orlando Thomas (1995)
Most consecutive games with an interception: 6
Paul Krause (1968)
Brian Russell (2003)
Longest interception return: 100, Xavier Rhodes (November 20, 2016)
Special teams[edit]
Most punts in a career: 720, Greg Coleman (1978–1987)
Most punts in a season: 93, Chris Kluwe (2006)
Most punts in a rookie season: 75, Jeff Locke (2013)
Most punts in a game: 12, Greg Coleman (November 21, 1982)
Most punts in a game by an opponent: 12, Tom Blanchard (New Orleans Saints – November 21, 1982)
Longest punt: 84 yards Harry Newsome (December 20, 1992)
Longest average gross punt in a career (200 punts minimum): 44.4, Chris Kluwe (2005–2012)
Longest average net punt in a career (200 punts minimum): 38.8, Jeff Locke (2013–2016)
Most punts inside the 20 in a career: 198, Chris Kluwe (2005–2011)
Most punt returns in a career: 194, Leo Lewis (1981–1991)
Most punt returns in a season: 58, Leo Lewis (1988)
Most punt returns in a rookie season: 48, Kevin Miller (1978)
Most punt returns in a game: 8, Kevin Miller (December 2, 1979)
Most punt return yards in a career: 1,972, Marcus Sherels (2011–present)
Most punt return yards in a season: 550, Leo Lewis (1988)
Most punt return yards in a rookie season: 247, Keenan Howry (2003)
Most punt return yards in a game: 119, Marcus Sherels (October 21, 2013)
Longest punt return: 98 yards, Charlie West (November 3, 1968)
Longest average punt return in a career (minimum 50): 10.66, Marcus Sherels (2011–present)
Most punt return touchdowns in a career: 5, Marcus Sherels (2011–present)
Most kickoff returns in a career: 159, Darrin Nelson (1982–1989, 1991–1992)
Most kickoff returns in a season: 53
Eddie Payton (1980)
Buster Rhymes (1985)
Most kickoff returns in a rookie season: 53, Buster Rhymes (1985)
Most kickoff returns in a game: 9, Nate Jacquet (November 11, 2001)
Most kickoff return yards in a career: 4,075, Cordarrelle Patterson (2013–2016)
Most kickoff return yards in a season: 1,393, Cordarrelle Patterson (2013)
Most kickoff return yards in a rookie season: 1,393, Cordarrelle Patterson (2013)
Most kickoff return yards in a game: 237 yards, Nate Jacquet (November 11, 2001)
Longest kickoff return: 109 yards, Cordarrelle Patterson (October 27, 2013) – NFL record
Longest average kickoff return in a season (minimum 20): 32.4, Cordarrelle Patterson (2013)
Longest average kickoff return in a career (minimum 75): 30.4, Cordarrelle Patterson (2013–2016)
Most kickoff return touchdowns in a career: 5, Percy Harvin (2009–2012) and Cordarrelle Patterson (2013–2016)[6]
References[edit]
General
West, Tom, ed. (2012). Minnesota Vikings 2012 Team Guide (PDF). Minneapolis: Minnesota Vikings Football.
West, Tom, ed. (2013). Minnesota Vikings 2013 Team Guide (PDF). Minneapolis: Minnesota Vikings Football.
West, Tom, ed. (2014). Minnesota Vikings 2014 Team Guide (PDF). Minneapolis: Minnesota Vikings Football.
West, Tom, ed. (2015). Minnesota Vikings 2015 Team Guide (PDF). Minneapolis: Minnesota Vikings Football.
West, Tom, ed. (2016). 2017 Minnesota Vikings Team Guide. Minneapolis: Minnesota Vikings Football.
Specific
Jump up ^ "Minnesota Vikings Head-to-Head Records". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/VikingsPR/status/804526084486209537
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Attendance Records". vikings.com. Minnesota Vikings Football. Retrieved December 29, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b http://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/P/PeteAd01/gamelog//#stats::10
Jump up ^ "Minnesota Vikings records, Team and Player records". VikingsMania.com.com. Retrieved 30 October 2017.
Jump up ^ http://prod.www.vikings.clubs.nfl.com/news/article-1/Patterson-Ties-Vikings-Record-with-5th-Kickoff-Return-TD/c8daa63b-58b4-42c5-aa38-40408fed0537
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Honing oil
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Honing oil is a liquid, solution or emulsion used to aid in the cutting or grinding of metal, typically by abrasive tools or stones, and may or may not contain oil. It can also be called machining oil, tool oil, cutting fluid, and cutting oil.
In the context of hand blade sharpening, honing oil is used on a sharpening stone to protect the stone, carry away the debris (swarf), and to more efficiently produce a keen edge on a metal blade such as a knife.[1] In a machine shop it also carries away excess heat and depending on composition, may prevent unintentional tearing and welding of the metal. Or when used with materials such as soft copper, it may have extra additives to prevent stone loading, or metal deactivators to prevent staining of copper containing alloys.[2] To achieve maximum cutting rates and abrasive life with petroleum (mineral) based machining oils when honing difficult materials like stainless steel, a higher level of surface active lubricity agents are combined with sulfur extreme pressure additives.[3] Industrial honing oil is typically available in: 5 gal pails, 55 gal drums, 275 gal and 330 gal totes, while home knife honing oils are typically available in 1 oz, 4 oz, and 12 oz. bottles.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Composition
3 References
4 External links
Background[edit]
There are many different kinds of "honing oils" to suit different needs. It is important to use the appropriate solution for the job. In the case of knife sharpening, motor oil is too thick or "heavy" and can over-lubricate or clog a sharpening stone, whereas WD-40 is too "light" an oil and will not carry the metal filings plus stone dust (collectively known as "swarf") away from the stone, and clog it. Not using any oil at all will also clog or "glaze" the stone, again reducing its cutting power.[5] Historically sperm whale oil, Neatsfoot oil, and other animal fats were popular.
Oils were once exclusively used in part because the high carbon steels of the time, such as 1095, could rust using simple water-based solutions, and the term honing "oil" is used today even for water based honing solutions.
Commercial honing oil, light sewing machine oil or, "in a pinch", heavier oil thinned with paint thinner (white spirit) or kerosine is suggested by veteran Swedish wood carver Wille Sundqvist.[6] And "Kerosine alone works well on fine, hard stones."
Composition[edit]
The two most common classes of honing oil are petroleum based (typically mineral oils), and non-petroleum (typically water or vegetable oil) based. Common additives include chlorine, sulfur, rust inhibitors, and detergents.[7]
Honing oil has just the right consistency for sharpening stones. It will not gum it up nor glaze it, and it will provide just enough lubrication to avoid wearing out the stone prematurely.[8]
Stone and wood carver Dr Dick Reid OBE,[9] used white spirit rather than oil for honing on fine oilstones.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Frequently Asked Questions Answered - Even Before You Ask Them: Honing and Stropping, The Beginning of the Edge. Classic Shaving: the Refined Edge. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Sunnen industrial Honing Oils and Coolants, Honing Fluids: KG3X Honing Oil "Chemistry: Contains no mineral oil, sulfur or chlorine"
Jump up ^ Specs and description of Sunnen MB-30 multi-purpose industrial honing oil.
Jump up ^ http://www.ohiotoolworks.com/products/honing-fluids
Jump up ^ What is Honing Oil?. Complete Multi-tool Sharpening Kit. Swiss Army Supplies Website. 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Swedish Woodcarving Techniques by Wille Sundqvist, 1990
Jump up ^ MAN-852 Honing Oil, SPECIFICATIONS: "Chemistry: Contains no mineral oil, sulfur or chlorine"
Jump up ^ What is Honing Oil?. Complete Multi-tool Sharpening Kit. Swiss Army Supplies Website. 2011. Retrieved 8 December 2012.
Jump up ^ OBE for Dick Reid in New Year's Honours
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Knife Sharpener Manufacturers.
Knife Maintenance and Sharpening, by Chad Ward, eGullet Culinary Institute
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honing_oil&oldid=680689032"
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