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16th Lok Sabha
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Members of the 16th Lok Sabha were elected during the 2014 Indian general election. The elections were conducted in 9 phases from 7 April 2014 to 12 May 2014 by the Election Commission of India.[1] The results of the election were declared on 16 May 2014. The Bharatiya Janata Party (of the NDA) achieved an absolute majority with 282 seats out of 543, 166 more than previous 15th Lok Sabha. Its PM candidate Narendra Modi took office on 26 May 2014 as the 14th prime minister of independent India. The first session was scheduled to be convened from June 4 to June 11, 2014.[2] There is no leader of the opposition in the 16th Lok Sabha as the Indian Parliament rules state that a party in the Lok Sabha must have at least 10% of total seats (545) in order to be considered the opposition party. The Indian National Congress (of the UPA) could only manage 44 seats while the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party from Tamil Nadu came a close third with 37 seats. Mallikarjun Kharge has been declared the leader of the Indian National Congress in the Lok Sabha.[3] 5 sitting members from Rajya Sabha, the Upper House of Indian Parliament, were elected to 16th Lok Sabha after the Indian general elections, 2014.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Members
1.1 Party-wise Distribution of Seats
1.2 Criminal background
1.3 Financial background
1.4 Age
2 References
3 External links
Members[edit]
Seat distribution in the 16th Lok Sabha
Main article: List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha
Speaker: Sumitra Mahajan, BJP[5]
Deputy Speaker: M. Thambidurai, AIADMK
Leader of the House: Narendra Modi, BJP
Leader of the Opposition: None, as no opposition party received 10% membership of the House. The single largest opposition party currently it is the Indian National Congress, with 48 seats.[6][7]
Secretary-General: Snehlata Shrivastava
Party-wise Distribution of Seats[edit]
Following 37 political parties are represented in 16th Lok Sabha[8]:
Party
Abr.
Seats
Leader in Lok Sabha
Bharatiya Janata Party BJP 271 (270 + 1 Speaker) Narendra Modi
Indian National Congress INC 48[9] Mallikarjun Kharge[10]
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam AIADMK 37 Ponnusamy Venugopal / M. Thambidurai[11]
All India Trinamool Congress AITC 34 Sudip Bandyopadhyay[12]
Biju Janata Dal BJD 20 Bhartruhari Mahtab
Shiv Sena SS 18 Anant Geete[13]
Telugu Desam Party TDP 16 Thota Narasimham[14]
Telangana Rashtra Samithi TRS 11 A. P. Jithender Reddy[15]
Communist Party of India (Marxist) CPI(M) 9 P. Karunakaran
YSR Congress Party YSRCP 9 Mekapati Rajamohan Reddy[16]
Samajwadi Party SP 7 Mulayam Singh Yadav
Lok Janshakti Party LJP 6 Ram Vilas Paswan[17]
Nationalist Congress Party NCP 6 Tariq Anwar
Aam Aadmi Party AAP 4 Bhagwant Mann[18]
Shiromani Akali Dal SAD 4 Ranjit Singh Brahmpura
All India United Democratic Front AIUDF 3 Badruddin Ajmal
Independents IND 3 -
Rashtriya Janata Dal RJD 3 Jay Prakash Narayan Yadav
Rashtriya Lok Samta Party RLSP 3 Upendra Kushwaha
Apna Dal AD 2 Anupriya Patel
Indian National Lok Dal INLD 2 Charanjeet Singh Rori
Indian Union Muslim League IUML 2 E. T. Mohammed Basheer
Janata Dal (United) JD(U) 2 Kaushalendra Kumar
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha JMM 2 Shibu Soren
All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen AIMIM 1 Asaduddin Owaisi
All India N.R. Congress AINRC 1 R. Radhakrishnan
Communist Party of India CPI 1 C. N. Jayadevan
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference JKNC 1 Farooq Abdullah
Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party JKPDP 1 Muzaffar Hussain Baig
Janata Dal (Secular) JD(S) 1 H. D. Deve Gowda
Kerala Congress (M) KC(M) 1 Jose K. Mani
National Peoples Party NPP 1 Conrad Sangma
Pattali Makkal Katchi PMK 1 Anbumani Ramadoss
Revolutionary Socialist Party RSP 1 N. K. Premachandran
Sikkim Democratic Front SDF 1 Prem Das Rai
Swabhimani Paksha SWP 1 Raju Shetti
Jan Adhikar Party (Loktantrik) JAP(L) 1 Pappu Yadav
Nominated Anglo-Indians (Bharatiya Janata Party) NOM 2 Richard Hay and George Baker
Vacant 8 [19] (Anantnag, Bhandara–Gondiya, Palghar, Kairana, Nagaland, Bellary, Shimoga and Mandya constituencies)
Criminal background[edit]
Case-wise distribution of the 542 members of the 16th Lok Sabha.[20]
With serious criminal cases (20.66%)
With non-serious criminal cases (13.47%)
Without any criminal cases (65.87%)
About one-third of all winners had at least one pending criminal case against them, with some having serious criminal cases.[21]
* Criteria for "serious" criminal cases:[20]
Offence for which maximum punishment is of 5 years or more.
If an offence is non-bailable.
If it is an electoral offence (e.g. IPC 171E or bribery).
Offence related to loss to exchequer.
Offences that are assault, murder, kidnap, rape related.
Offences that are mentioned in Representation of the People Act (Section 8).
Offences under Prevention of Corruption Act.
Crimes against women.
Compared to the 15th Lok Sabha, there is an increase of members with criminal cases. In 2009, 158 (30%) of the 521 members analysed had criminal cases, of which 77 (15%) had serious criminal cases.[20][22]
Financial background[edit]
Asset-wise distribution of the 542 members in the 16th Lok Sabha.[20]
Assets > ₹10 crore (US$1.5 million) (24.35%)
Assets between ₹5 crore (US$770,000) and ₹10 crore (US$1.5 million) (12.92%)
Assets between ₹1 crore (US$150,000) and ₹5 crore (US$770,000) (44.46%)
Assets < ₹1 crore (US$150,000) (18.27%)
Out of the 542 members analysed, 443 (82%) are having assets of ₹1 crore (US$150,000) or more. In the 15th Lok Sabha, out of 521 members analysed, 300 (58%) members had assets of ₹1 crore (US$150,000) or more.[20]
The average assets per member are ₹14.7 crore (US$2.3 million) (in 2009, this figure was ₹5.35 crore (US$820,000)).
Political party
No. of members
Average assets per member[20]
BJP 273 ₹11.5 crore (US$1.8 million)
INC 48 ₹13.2 crore (US$2.0 million)
AIADMK 37 ₹6.4 crore (US$980,000)
AITC 34 ₹2.5 crore (US$380,000)
Others 151 (5 Vacant) ₹25.0 crore (US$3.8 million)
Total 543 ₹14.7 crore (US$2.3 million)
Age[edit]
Age-wise distribution of the 542 members in the 16th Lok Sabha as of 16 May 2018[23]
Age Group
No. of members
Age> 80 8
Age between 71 and 80 53
Age between 61 and 70 161
Age between 51 and 60 164
Age between 41 and 50 103
Age <= 40 46
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "General Elections – 2014 : Schedule of Elections" (PDF). 5 March 2014. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "First Session of 16th Lok Sabha scheduled from June 4 to 11". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 30 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Kharge to lead Congress in Lok Sabha|Business Line
Jump up ^ "Bye - elections to the Council of State s from various States" (PDF). ECI, New Delhi. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "New responsibility a challenge: Mahajan". The Hindu. 6 June 2014. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "No Leader of the Opposition in the 16th Lok Sabha". NDTV. June 9, 2014. Retrieved June 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Congress wrests back Ratlam in Madhya Pradesh from BJP in by-election, its tally goes up to 45 in Lok Sabha". CNN-IBN. 24 November 2015.
Jump up ^ http://164.100.47.194/loksabha/Members/PartyWiseStatisticalList.aspx
Jump up ^ "Congress wrests back Ratlam in Madhya Pradesh from BJP in by-election, its tally goes up to 45 in Lok Sabha". CNN-IBN. 24 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Rahul ducks, Kharge to lead Congress in Lok Sabha - Hindustan Times
Jump up ^ L. Renganathan (18 August 2014). "Venugopal to become AIADMK leader in LS". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sudip Bandopadhyay to be TMC party leader in Lok Sabha". Kolkata: Zee News. 18 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sena MP's 'saffron flag atop Red Fort' remark invites Opposition ire". Indian Express. 11 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Satyanarayana Chowdary named TDP Parliamentary Party leader". The Economic Times. 4 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jitender Reddy to lead TRS MPs in LS". Hyderabad: The Hindu. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 11 June 2014.
Jump up ^ వైఎస్ఆర్ సిపి పార్లమెంటరీ పార్టీ నేతగా మేకపాటి
Jump up ^ "Ram Vilas Paswan elected LJSP parliamentary party leader". The Economic Times. 19 May 2014. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/vacant.aspx
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Association for Democratic Reforms
Jump up ^ A third of MPs have criminal cases, Shiv Sena tops list: report | NDTV.com
Jump up ^ Every third newly-elected MP has criminal background - The Times of India
Jump up ^ http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Members/MemberSearchByAge.aspx
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 16th Lok Sabha members.
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Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (season 4)
Region 1 Season 4 DVD cover
Starring
Sarah Michelle Gellar
Nicholas Brendon
Alyson Hannigan
Seth Green
Marc Blucas
James Marsters
Anthony Stewart Head
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
22
Release
Original network
The WB
Original release
October 5, 1999 (1999-10-05) – May 23, 2000 (2000-05-23)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 3
Next →
Season 5
List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes
The fourth season of the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer premiered on October 5, 1999, on The WB and concluded its 22-episode season on May 23, 2000. It maintained its previous timeslot, airing Tuesdays at 8:00 pm ET. Beginning with this season, the character of Angel was given his own series, which aired on The WB following Buffy. Various Buffy characters made appearances in Angel, including Buffy herself; Cordelia Chase, formerly a regular in Buffy, and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, who appeared in Buffy season three.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast and characters
2.1 Main cast
2.2 Recurring cast
3 Crew
4 Episodes
4.1 Crossovers with Angel
5 Reception
6 DVD release
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Season four sees Buffy and Willow enroll at UC Sunnydale while Xander joins the workforce. The vampire Spike, having been left by Drusilla, returns to Sunnydale and is abducted by The Initiative, a top-secret military installation based beneath the UC Sunnydale campus, led by Maggie Walsh. They implant a microchip in his head which prevents him from harming humans. He reluctantly helps the Scooby Gang throughout the season and eventually begins to fight on their side after learning that he can harm other demons. But Buffy and her friends don't trust him except Willow who opts to give him a chance to redeem himself, which they eventually do.
Oz leaves town after realizing that he is too dangerous as a werewolf and after a horrific encounter with The Initiative. Willow falls in love with Tara Maclay, another witch. They begin a relationship.
Another focus of the season is Xander's relationship with a former vengeance demon named Anya Jenkins, who becomes infatuated with him due to him making her feel human and Xander returns these feelings as she makes him feel like a man. Anya tries to get Xander off her mind but their feelings are developed and they begin a relationship.
Buffy begins dating Riley Finn, a grad student who she later discovers is a member of The Initiative. He tries to get her recruited but she becomes an object of negative attention from Maggie Walsh. Walsh believes Buffy to be a bad influence to Riley, threatening his ties with The Initiative. After Buffy and Riley's first sexual encounter, Walsh tries to get Buffy killed, which causes Riley to cut ties with Walsh and The Initiative.
The Initiative's more sinister secret purpose is revealed when its composite demonic cyborg, Adam, kills Walsh, escapes and rampages through the town. After getting Spike to temporarily work for him, Adam plots to create others like him to overthrow humanity, though Adam sees Riley as a "brother".
Buffy and her allies unite to defeat Adam and destroy The Initiative. The demons and other supernatural creatures fight back against their former captors, while the Scoobies temporarily transfer all their skills into Buffy to fight the physically superior Adam. Magically enhanced, she kills Adam by ripping out his uranium core. Soon The Initiative is defeated and the Scoobies recover. The government recognizes that Maggie Walsh's plan is a failure, and orders her project to be terminated. The Scoobies later encounter the spirit of The First Slayer, who gives Buffy a cryptic message.
Cast and characters[edit]
Main cast[edit]
Sarah Michelle Gellar as Buffy Summers (22 episodes)
Nicholas Brendon as Xander Harris (22 episodes)
Alyson Hannigan as Willow Rosenberg (22 episodes)
Seth Green as Daniel "Oz" Osbourne (8 episodes)
Marc Blucas as Riley Finn (20 episodes)
James Marsters as Spike (18 episodes)
Anthony Stewart Head as Rupert Giles (22 episodes)
Recurring cast[edit]
Emma Caulfield as Anya Jenkins (15 episodes)
Amber Benson as Tara Maclay (12 episodes)
Leonard Roberts as Forrest Gates (12 episodes)
Bailey Chase as Graham Miller (10 episodes)
Lindsay Crouse as Maggie Walsh (9 episodes)
George Hertzberg as Adam (9 episodes)
Adam Kaufman as Parker Abrams (5 episodes)
Kristine Sutherland as Joyce Summers (5 episodes)
Mercedes McNab as Harmony Kendall (4 episodes)
Paige Moss as Veruca (3 episodes)
Conor O'Farrell as Colonel McNamara (3 episodes)
Phina Oruche as Olivia (3 episodes)
Jack Stehlin as Dr. Angleman (3 episodes)
David Boreanaz as Angel (2 episodes)
Eliza Dushku as Faith (2 episodes)
Dagney Kerr as Kathy Newman (2 episodes)
Elizabeth Anne Allen as Amy Madison (1 episode)
Ethan Erickson as Percy West (1 episode)
Sharon Ferguson as First Slayer (1 episode)
Harry Groener as Mayor Richard Wilkins (1 episode)
Saverio Guerra as Willy the Snitch (1 episode)
Jason Hall as Devon MacLeish (1 episode)
Robin Sachs as Ethan Rayne (1 episode)
Armin Shimerman as Principal Snyder (1 episode)
Danny Strong as Jonathan Levinson (1 episode)
Andy Umberger as D'Hoffryn (1 episode)
Crew[edit]
Series creator Joss Whedon served as executive producer and showrunner, and wrote and directed four episodes including the season premiere and finale. Marti Noxon was promoted to supervising producer and wrote or co-wrote five episodes. Jane Espenson was promoted to co-producer and wrote or co-wrote five episodes. David Fury, who as a freelancer had written or co-written three episodes in seasons 2 and 3, was hired as producer and wrote or co-wrote four episodes. Douglas Petrie was promoted to executive story editor and wrote three episodes. The only new addition was Tracey Forbes, who served as a staff writer and wrote three episodes.[1]
James A. Contner (also co-producer) directed the highest amount of episodes in the fourth season, directing six episodes. Joss Whedon and David Grossman each directed four.
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)
57
1 "The Freshman" Joss Whedon Joss Whedon October 5, 1999 (1999-10-05) 4ABB01 N/A
While Willow blossoms in the college environment, Buffy has a difficult time adjusting - getting lost, getting kicked out of a class for talking, meeting her Celine Dion-loving roommate Kathy (Dagney Kerr) - and her Slaying suffers because of it.
58
2 "Living Conditions" David Grossman Marti Noxon October 12, 1999 (1999-10-12) 4ABB02 N/A
Buffy becomes convinced that her annoying roommate is evil, but her friends think she is crazy. Buffy steals Kathy's toenail clippings to prove that Kathy is a demon and they get into a fight.
59
3 "The Harsh Light of Day" James A. Contner Jane Espenson October 19, 1999 (1999-10-19) 4ABB03 N/A
Spike returns to Sunnydale for a gem that will make him invincible. He finds it, but Buffy gets it away from him and decides to send it to Angel. Buffy returns to dating but ends up being let down and hurt.
60
4 "Fear, Itself" Tucker Gates David Fury October 26, 1999 (1999-10-26) 4ABB04 N/A
The gang find themselves in a real-life house of horrors while at a Halloween frat party, in which a fear demon feeds on their individual fears. Meanwhile, Anya needs Giles to help her save Xander when she realizes something is amiss.
61
5 "Beer Bad" David Solomon Tracey Forbes November 2, 1999 (1999-11-02) 4ABB05 N/A
Xander gets a job bartending at the college pub; Buffy drinks with upperclassmen at that pub. It turns out that the bar manager is spiking the beer with some supernatural mojo, causing the targets to revert to caveman mentality.
62
6 "Wild at Heart" David Grossman Marti Noxon November 9, 1999 (1999-11-09) 4ABB06 N/A
Oz encounters another werewolf, Veruca (Paige Moss), who wants him to stop caging himself and hurt people. Physically attracted to her, Oz locks her in his cage to prevent her from attacking people. Willow finds them in the morning both naked. Heartbroken, she tries to do a spell but can't go through with it, leaving her vulnerable to wolf Veruca. Oz and Buffy save the day with Oz leaving town soon after.
63
7 "The Initiative" James A. Contner Douglas Petrie November 16, 1999 (1999-11-16) 4ABB07 N/A
Spike, who was captured by the commandos, is being held hostage by them in a hi-tech facility underneath the University. Spike escapes and heads to find Buffy, who he assumes is behind this; Riley realizes he has a crush on Buffy.
64
8 "Pangs" Michael Lange Jane Espenson November 23, 1999 (1999-11-23) 4ABB08 N/A
Xander accidentally releases Hus (Tod Thawley), a Native American vengeance spirit. Angel secretly arrives in Sunnydale to protect Buffy (who is attempting a perfect Thanksgiving) from the spirit.
65
9 "Something Blue" Nick Marck Tracey Forbes November 30, 1999 (1999-11-30) 4ABB09 N/A
A spell by Willow goes awry, blinding Giles, making Xander a literal demon-magnet, and causing Buffy and Spike to fall in love and get engaged. Once Willow realizes her mistake, she goes about reversing it.
66
10 "Hush" Joss Whedon Joss Whedon December 14, 1999 (1999-12-14) 4ABB10 N/A
The Gentlemen steal the voices of the population of Sunnydale, rendering everyone in the town (including the Scooby Gang) unable to speak. Giles reveals that the only thing that can defeat The Gentleman is a real human scream. This episode is mostly silent (aside from music) from the point The Gentlemen steal Sunnydale's voices.
67
11 "Doomed" James A. Contner Marti Noxon & David Fury & Jane Espenson January 18, 2000 (2000-01-18) 4ABB11 5.4[2]
An earthquake occurs in Sunnydale, which signifies the Hellmouth is opening. The gang must return to the remains of Sunnydale High to stop it; Buffy and Riley struggle with each other's secrets.
68
12 "A New Man" Michael Gershman Jane Espenson January 25, 2000 (2000-01-25) 4ABB12 N/A
Giles, feeling left out, goes out for drinks with Ethan Rayne (Robin Sachs). He wakes up in the morning as a Fyarl demon, and hires Spike to help him. Mistaking him for a Fyarl demon, The Initiative and Buffy try to hunt him down.
69
13 "The I in Team" James A. Contner David Fury February 8, 2000 (2000-02-08) 4ABB13 N/A
When Professor Walsh (Lindsay Crouse) decides Buffy is a threat to The Initiative, she decides to kill her by sending her on a dangerous mission. Riley discovers that Professor Walsh has tried to kill Buffy and begins to think seriously of leaving the organization.
70
14 "Goodbye Iowa" David Solomon Marti Noxon February 15, 2000 (2000-02-15) 4ABB14 N/A
Buffy discovers The Initiative's secret weapon; Riley becomes unstable due to the death of Professor Walsh and drug withdrawal; Adam (George Hertzberg) reveals some information about himself, while trying to learn about people by investigating their insides.
71
15 "This Year's Girl" Michael Gershman Douglas Petrie February 22, 2000 (2000-02-22) 4ABB15 N/A
Faith (Eliza Dushku) wakes up from her eight-month coma and seeks revenge against Buffy. After failing to attack her, she switches bodies with Buffy using a gift left to her by Richard Wilkins III (Harry Groener), the now-dead mayor.
72
16 "Who Are You" Joss Whedon Joss Whedon February 29, 2000 (2000-02-29) 4ABB16 N/A
Buffy (in Faith's body) is abducted by the Council's team, while Faith (in Buffy's body) has ruthless fun at the expense of Buffy. After Faith and Buffy (as each other) rescue a group of people in a church that has been attacked by vampires, they switch their bodies back. Faith begins to feel remorse, and heads to L.A.
73
17 "Superstar" David Grossman Jane Espenson April 4, 2000 (2000-04-04) 4ABB17 N/A
Jonathan (Danny Strong) casts a spell to cause all of Sunnydale to believe that he is the titular "superstar". However, the spell comes with a price - it conjures up a monster which endangers the town.
74
18 "Where the Wild Things Are" David Solomon Tracey Forbes April 25, 2000 (2000-04-25) 4ABB18 N/A
When Buffy and Riley rouse a supernatural force at the fraternity party house, they are held hostage by ghost children who were abused by a Christian fundamentalist (Kathryn Joosten) and now seek revenge. Willow, Tara, and Giles perform a spell to stop the spirits.
75
19 "New Moon Rising" James A. Contner Marti Noxon May 2, 2000 (2000-05-02) 4ABB19 N/A
Oz returns to Sunnydale after learning to control his werewolf instincts. However, he loses control when he suspects Tara (Amber Benson) and Willow's relationship, and is subsequently caught by the Initiative.
76
20 "The Yoko Factor" David Grossman Douglas Petrie May 9, 2000 (2000-05-09) 4ABB20 N/A
Riley spars with Angel (David Boreanaz) when Angel visits Sunnydale; Adam convinces Spike that he will take his chip out if he helps him get Buffy where he wants, Spike agrees and sets out to distance the Scoobies from each other.
77
21 "Primeval" James A. Contner David Fury May 16, 2000 (2000-05-16) 4ABB21 N/A
The Scoobies reveal Adam's plan of releasing an army of hybrid cyborg monsters. A composite being created by a spell, combining the powers and personalities of Buffy, Willow, Xander, and Giles kill Adam after an intense fight.
78
22 "Restless" Joss Whedon Joss Whedon May 23, 2000 (2000-05-23) 4ABB22 N/A
A primordial spirit haunts Buffy, Giles, Willow, and Xander in their individual, cryptic nightmares involving the First Slayer (Sharon Ferguson) as a result of the magic done in the previous episode.
Crossovers with Angel[edit]
Beginning with this season, Buffy the Vampire Slayer and its spin-off Angel both aired on The WB Television Network. Both shows aired on Tuesdays, Buffy at 8:00 PM ET, and Angel at 9:00 PM ET. The fourth season of Buffy aired along with the first season of Angel. Both shows featured crossover episodes, in which characters of one series appeared in the other. Angel (David Boreanaz), Cordelia Chase (Charisma Carpenter) and Wesley Wyndam-Pryce (Alexis Denisof), who had been introduced in Buffy, became main characters in the spinoff series.
The first crossover appeared in the premiere episodes, where Angel calls Buffy but doesn't say anything; on Buffy, she is seen answering the phone. After the events of "The Harsh Light of Day", Oz (Seth Green) visits Los Angeles in the Angel episode "In the Dark" to give Angel the Gem of Amara (a ring that makes vampires unkillable), and Spike (James Marsters) follows him.
In the Angel episode "Bachelor Party", Doyle (Glenn Quinn) has a vision of Buffy in danger. This causes Angel to secretly visit Sunnydale in the episode "Pangs", to protect her. After learning that he was in town, Buffy (Sarah Michelle Gellar) visits L.A. in the Angel episode "I Will Remember You" to express her displeasure in his not telling her that he was there.
Buffy season three recurring character Wesley Wyndam-Pryce (Alexis Denisof) makes his first appearance on Angel in "Parting Gifts" and would become a series regular in the next episode for the remainder of the series.
After the events of the two-part episode "This Year's Girl" and "Who Are You", Faith (Eliza Dushku) leaves Sunnydale and goes to L.A. in the Angel two-part episode "Five by Five" and "Sanctuary" and is hired by Wolfram & Hart to kill Angel. Buffy makes her second and final appearance on Angel in "Sanctuary".
Angel visits Sunnydale again in "The Yoko Factor" to apologize to Buffy after the way he treated her in "Sanctuary". Angel meets Buffy's new boyfriend, Riley Finn (Marc Blucas).
The vampire Darla (Julie Benz), who was killed in Buffy episode "Angel", is resurrected by Wolfram & Hart in the Angel season one finale, "To Shanshu in L.A.", and subsequently becomes a recurring character there.
Reception[edit]
The series received three Primetime Emmy Award nominations, for Outstanding Hairstyling for a Series for "Beer Bad", Outstanding Cinematography for a Single Camera Series (Michael Gershman) for "Hush", and Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series (Joss Whedon) for "Hush".
The series was nominated for two Television Critics Association Awards, for Outstanding Achievement in Drama and Program of the Year.[3]
In particular, the episode "Hush" was highly praised when it aired. Robert Bianco from USA Today comments, "(i)n a medium in which producers tend to grow bored with their own creations, either trashing them or taking them in increasingly bizarre directions, Whedon continues to find new ways to make his fabulously entertaining series richer and more compelling. With or without words, he's a TV treasure."[4] Alan Sepinwall in The Star-Ledger calls it a "magnificently daring episode", explaining "(w)hat makes it particularly brave is that, even when Buffy has been failing to click dramatically this year, the show has still been able to get by on the witty dialogue, which is all but absent after the first few scenes. Whedon finds ways to get around that, with several cast members—particularly Anthony Head as the scholarly Giles and Alyson Hannigan as nervous witch Willow—proving to be wonderfully expressive silent comedians."[5] In the New York Daily News, David Bianculli states that the episode is "a true tour de force, and another inventive triumph for this vastly underrated series."[6] Robert Hanks from The Independent in the UK writes that "Buffy the Vampire Slayer, in most weeks the funniest and cleverest programme on TV, reached new heights" with "Hush".[7] Noel Murray in The A.V. Club calls it an "episode unlike any other, with a lusher score and some of the most genuinely disturbing imagery I’ve yet seen on Buffy."[8] The episode was included among 13 of the scariest films or television shows by Salon.com, and justified by Stephanie Zacharek, who states it "scans just like one of those listless dreams in which you try to scream, and can't. Everybody's had 'em—and yet the way the eerie quiet of 'Hush' sucks you in, you feel as if the experience is privately, and unequivocally, your own."[9] Following the series finale in 2003, "Hush" continued to receive praise. Lisa Rosen in the Los Angeles Times states that the episode is "one of TV's most terrifying hours".[10] Smashing Magazine counted "Hush" as one of the top ten television episodes that inspire creativity.[11] Keith McDuffee of TV Squad named it the best Buffy episode in the series, writing "(i)f someone who had never seen Buffy (blasphemy!) asked me to show them just one episode of the show to get them hooked, this would be it".[12] TV.com named it as the fourth most frightening episode in television history.[13]
The Futon Critic named "Restless" the best episode of 2000.[14]
The fourth season averaged 5.1 million viewers.[15] Rotten Tomatoes gave season four a score of 64% with an average rating of 7 out of 10 based on 14 reviews with a critics consensus stating, "Buffy enters its fourth season on shaky ground but finishes with a surprisingly satisfying season finale."[16]
DVD release[edit]
Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Complete Fourth Season was released on DVD in region 1 on June 10, 2003[17] and in region 2 on May 13, 2002.[18] The DVD includes all 22 episodes on 6 discs presented in full frame 1.33:1 aspect ratio (region 1) and in anamorphic widescreen 1.78:1 aspect ratio (region 2 and 4). Special features on the DVD include seven commentary tracks—"Wild at Heart" by creator Joss Whedon, writer Marti Noxon, and actor Seth Green (region 1 only); "The Initiative" by writer Doug Petrie; "Hush" by writer and director Joss Whedon; "This Year's Girl" by writer Doug Petrie; "Superstar" by writer Jane Espenson; "Primeval" by writer David Fury and director James A. Contner; and "Restless" by writer and director Joss Whedon. Scripts for "Fear, Itself", "Hush", and "Who Are You" are included. Featurettes include, "Spike Me", which details the character of Spike; "Oz Revelations: A Full Moon", which details the departure of the character with insights by actor Seth Green; "Hush", where cast and crew members discuss the unique episode; "Buffy: Inside Sets of Sunnydale" showcases all the sets on the show with tours of sets; "Buffy: Inside the Music", which details the music and bands featured on the show; and "Season 4 Overview", a 30-minute featurette where cast and crew members discuss the season. Also included are cast biographies and photo galleries.[19]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "A Brief History of Mutant Enemy". Whedon.info. May 24, 2004. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Episode List: Buffy the Vampire Slayer". TV Tango. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ ""Buffy the Vampire Slayer" (1997) - Awards". IMDb. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ Bianco, Robert (December 14, 1999). "Critic's Corner". USA Today: 12D.
Jump up ^ Sepinwall, Alan (December 14, 1999). "All TV - Buffy loses voice, gains magic". The Star-Ledger.
Jump up ^ Bianculli, David (March 21, 2000). "TV Tonight". New York Daily News: 78.
Jump up ^ Hanks, Robert (December 22, 2000). "Television Review". The Independent: 18.
Jump up ^ Murray, Noel (August 14, 2009). "Buffy / Angel: "Hush," etc. "Hush", etc". The A.V. Club. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Truly scary stuff". Salon.com. October 31, 2002. Retrieved June 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ Rosen, Lisa (May 20, 2003). "R.I.P. 'Buffy': You Drove a Stake Through Convention". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lazaris, Louis (April 13, 2009). "Unique TV Series Episodes That Inspire Creativity". Smashing Magazine. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ McDufee, Keith (October 24, 2005). "The Five (by Five): Best episodes of Buffy". Aol TV. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Lawson, Richard (October 26, 2009). "The Five Scariest Episodes in TV History". TV.com. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ Brian Ford Sullivan (January 4, 2001). "The 20 Best Episodes of 2000". The Futon Critic. Retrieved August 2, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Rétrospective Buffy Contre Les Vampires" (in French). Audiences USA. December 30, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Season 4 (1999-2000)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Buffy the Vampire Slayer - The Complete Fourth Season (1997)". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 30, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Buffy DVD and VHS". BBC. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Buffy the Vampire Slayer - Season 4". TVShowsOnDVD.com. Archived from the original on October 9, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
External links[edit]
List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes on IMDb
List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 4 episodes at TV.com
List of Buffy the Vampire Slayer season 4 episodes at BuffyGuide.com
Buffy the Vampire Slayer at epguides.com
[show]
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[show]
v
t
e
Buffy the Vampire Slayer episodes
Season 1
"Welcome to the Hellmouth"
"The Harvest"
"Witch"
"Teacher's Pet"
"Never Kill a Boy on the First Date"
"The Pack"
"Angel"
"I, Robot... You, Jane"
"The Puppet Show"
"Nightmares"
"Out of Mind, Out of Sight"
"Prophecy Girl"
Season 2
"When She Was Bad"
"Some Assembly Required"
"School Hard"
"Inca Mummy Girl"
"Reptile Boy"
"Halloween"
"Lie to Me"
"The Dark Age"
"What's My Line, Parts One and Two"
"Ted"
"Bad Eggs"
"Surprise"
"Innocence"
"Phases"
"Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered"
"Passion"
"Killed by Death"
"I Only Have Eyes for You"
"Go Fish"
"Becoming, Parts One and Two"
Season 3
"Anne"
"Dead Man's Party"
"Faith, Hope & Trick"
"Beauty and the Beasts"
"Homecoming"
"Band Candy"
"Revelations"
"Lovers Walk"
"The Wish"
"Amends"
"Gingerbread"
"Helpless"
"The Zeppo"
"Bad Girls"
"Consequences"
"Doppelgangland"
"Enemies"
"Earshot"
"Choices"
"The Prom"
"Graduation Day, Parts One and Two"
Season 4
"The Freshman"
"Living Conditions"
"The Harsh Light of Day"
"Fear, Itself"
"Beer Bad"
"Wild at Heart"
"The Initiative"
"Pangs"
"Something Blue"
"Hush"
"Doomed"
"A New Man"
"The I in Team"
"Goodbye Iowa"
"This Year's Girl"
"Who Are You"
"Superstar"
"Where the Wild Things Are"
"New Moon Rising"
"The Yoko Factor"
"Primeval"
"Restless"
Season 5
"Buffy vs. Dracula"
"Real Me"
"The Replacement"
"Out of My Mind"
"No Place Like Home"
"Family"
"Fool for Love"
"Shadow"
"Listening to Fear"
"Into the Woods"
"Triangle"
"Checkpoint"
"Blood Ties"
"Crush"
"I Was Made to Love You"
"The Body"
"Forever"
"Intervention"
"Tough Love"
"Spiral"
"The Weight of the World"
"The Gift"
Season 6
"Bargaining, Parts One and Two"
"After Life"
"Flooded"
"Life Serial"
"All the Way"
"Once More, with Feeling"
"Tabula Rasa"
"Smashed"
"Wrecked"
"Gone"
"Doublemeat Palace"
"Dead Things"
"Older and Far Away"
"As You Were"
"Hell's Bells"
"Normal Again"
"Entropy"
"Seeing Red"
"Villains"
"Two to Go"
"Grave"
Season 7
"Lessons"
"Beneath You"
"Same Time, Same Place"
"Help"
"Selfless"
"Him"
"Conversations with Dead People"
"Sleeper"
"Never Leave Me"
"Bring On the Night"
"Showtime"
"Potential"
"The Killer in Me"
"First Date"
"Get It Done"
"Storyteller"
"Lies My Parents Told Me"
"Dirty Girls"
"Empty Places"
"Touched"
"End of Days"
"Chosen"
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List of Padma Shri award recipients (1954–1959)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Padma Shri
Awarded by Government of India
Type
Civilian
Category
National
Description
Obverse
A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Shri" is placed below the lotus.
Reverse
A platinum State Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script
Ribbon
Statistics
Instituted
1954
First awarded
1954
Total awarded
95
Previous name(s)
Padma Vibhushan "Tisra Warg" (Class III)
Award rank
← Padma Bhushan N/A →
Padma Shri Award, India's fourth highest civilian honours - Winners, 1954-1959:[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 List of recipients
2 References
3 Explanatory notes
4 External links
List of recipients[edit]
Award recipients by year[1]
Year
Number of recipients
1954
17
1955
14
1956
9
1957
16
1958
19
1959
20
Award recipients by field[1]
Field
Number of recipients
Arts
9
Civil Service
19
Literature & Education
11
Medicine
13
Public Affairs
9
Science & Engineering
15
Social Work
13
Sports
4
Trade & Industry
2
List of Padma Shri award recipients, showing the year, field, and state/country[1]
Year
Recipient
Field
State
1954
Aryanayakam, Asha DeviAsha Devi Aryanayakam
Public Affairs Maharashtra
1954
Bhatia, Bir BhanBir Bhan Bhatia
Medicine Delhi
1954
Captain, PerinPerin Captain
Public Affairs Maharashtra
1954
Chakravorty, K. R.K. R. Chakravorty
Science & Engineering West Bengal
1954
Das, AmalpravaAmalprava Das
Public Affairs Assam
1954
Das, MathuraMathura Das
Medicine Assam
1954
Dey, Surinder KumarSurinder Kumar Dey
Civil Service West Bengal
1954
Khanolkar, Ramji VasantRamji Vasant Khanolkar
Medicine Maharashtra
1954
Mathai, AchammaAchamma Mathai
Public Affairs Maharashtra
1954
Mehta, BhagBhag Mehta
Civil Service Gujarat
1954
Mitra, Akhil ChandraAkhil Chandra Mitra
Science & Engineering Uttar Pradesh
1954
Pant, Apa Saheb Bala SahebApa Saheb Bala Saheb Pant
Civil Service Maharashtra
1954
Pillai, K. ShankarK. Shankar Pillai
Literature & Education Delhi
1954
Ray, MirnamayeeMirnamayee Ray
Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
1954
Singh, TarlokTarlok Singh
Civil Service Punjab
1954
Somappa, MachaniMachani Somappa
Public Affairs Andhra Pradesh
1954
Thorat, S. P. PatilS. P. Patil Thorat
Civil Service Maharashtra
1955
Benjamin, Perakath VerghesePerakath Verghese Benjamin
Medicine Kerala
1955
Choudhary, Kewal SinghKewal Singh Choudhary
Civil Service Punjab
1955
Currimbhoy, ZarinaZarina Currimbhoy
Social Work Maharashtra
1955
Handique, Krishna KantaKrishna Kanta Handique
Literature & Education Assam
1955
Jadhav, Mary ClubwalaMary Clubwala Jadhav
Social Work Tamil Nadu
1955
Joglekar, Digamber VasudevDigamber Vasudev Joglekar
Civil Service Maharashtra
1955
Kaul, Sidda NathSidda Nath Kaul
Medicine Delhi
1955
Maneckji, Manak Jehangir BhickajiManak Jehangir Bhickaji Maneckji
Civil Service Maharashtra
1955
Mehray, Mahesh PrasadMahesh Prasad Mehray
Medicine Uttar Pradesh
1955
Mirza, HumayunHumayun Mirza
Civil Service Karnataka
1955
Rahman, HabiburHabibur Rahman
Science & Engineering Delhi
1955
Sahu, LaxminarayanLaxminarayan Sahu
Literature & Education Odisha
1955
Shastri, RatanRatan Shastri
Literature & Education Rajasthan
1955
Thakur, OmkarnathOmkarnath Thakur
Arts Gujarat
1956
Bhakna, Sohan SinghSohan Singh Bhakna
Medicine Punjab
1956
Bhuyan, Surya KumarSurya Kumar Bhuyan
Literature & Education Assam
1956
Lal, MohanMohan Lal
Medicine Uttar Pradesh
1956
Majumdar, Satish ChandraSatish Chandra Majumdar
Science & Engineering West Bengal
1956
Modi, Murugappa ChannaveerappaMurugappa Channaveerappa Modi
Medicine Karnataka
1956
Pande, SukhdavSukhdav Pande
Literature & Education Uttarakhand
1956
Pandit, Chintaman GovindChintaman Govind Pandit
Medicine Gujarat
1956
Rao, Sthanam NarasimhaSthanam Narasimha Rao
Arts Andhra Pradesh
1956
Santra, IsaacIsaac Santra
Medicine West Bengal
1957
Anjaria, Jaswantrai JayantilalJaswantrai Jayantilal Anjaria
Civil Service Maharashtra
1957
Chellani, Atmaram RamchandAtmaram Ramchand Chellani
Civil Service Andhra Pradesh
1957
Chitale, Laxman MahadeoLaxman Mahadeo Chitale
Science & Engineering Maharashtra
1957
Devi, Nalini BalaNalini Bala Devi
Literature & Education Assam
1957
Dharmarajan, Narayan SwamiNarayan Swami Dharmarajan
Civil Service Tamil Nadu
1957
Dhillon, Gurbaksh SinghGurbaksh Singh Dhillon
Civil Service Tamil Nadu
1957
Gehlote, Ram PrakashRam Prakash Gehlote
Science & Engineering Delhi
1957
Jagadisan, Thackkadu NatesasastrigalThackkadu Natesasastrigal Jagadisan
Social Work Tamil Nadu
1957
Khastgir, SudhirSudhir Khastgir
Arts Uttar Pradesh
1957
Khathing, RalengnaoRalengnao Khathing
Public Affairs Manipur
1957
Naidu, Dwaram VenkataswamyDwaram Venkataswamy Naidu
Arts Andhra Pradesh
1957
Ramiah, KrishnaswamiKrishnaswami Ramiah
Science & Engineering Andhra Pradesh
1957
Ranganathan, S. R.S. R. Ranganathan
Literature & Education Karnataka
1957
Sen, SamarendranathSamarendranath Sen
Civil Service West Bengal
1957
Singh, BalbirBalbir Singh
Sports Chandigarh
1957
Singh, KhushdevaKhushdeva Singh
Medicine Punjab
1958
Bose, DebakiDebaki Bose
Arts West Bengal
1958
Ekambaranathan, PunamalaiPunamalai Ekambaranathan
Social Work Tamil Nadu
1958
Ismail, FatimaFatima Ismail
Social Work Maharashtra
1958
Maharaj, ShambhuShambhu Maharaj
Arts Uttar Pradesh
1958
Nargis, Nargis
Arts Maharashtra
1958
Nijhawan, Bal RajBal Raj Nijhawan
Science & Engineering Australia
1958
Pal, Benjamin PearyBenjamin Peary Pal
Science & Engineering Delhi
1958
Parthasarthy, NavalpakkamNavalpakkam Parthasarthy
Science & Engineering – [a]
1958
Puri, Balwant SingBalwant Sing Puri
Social Work Punjab
1958
Ramdas, Lakshminarayana Pulram AnanthakrishnanLakshminarayana Pulram Ananthakrishnan Ramdas
Science & Engineering Delhi
1958
Rani, DevikaDevika Rani
Arts Karnataka
1958
Rao, Argula NagarajaArgula Nagaraja Rao
Trade & Industry Andhra Pradesh
1958
Ray, SatyajitSatyajit Ray
Arts West Bengal
1958
Satyanarayana, MoturiMoturi Satyanarayana
Public Affairs Tamil Nadu
1958
Singh, Brig. RamBrig. Ram Singh
Civil Service Punjab
1958
Singh, Kunwar DigvijaiKunwar Digvijai Singh
Sports Uttar Pradesh
1958
Subbalakshmi, R. S.R. S. Subbalakshmi
Social Work Tamil Nadu
1958
Varma, Ram ChandraRam Chandra Varma
Literature & Education Uttar Pradesh
1958
Vyas, Magan Lal TribhuvandasMagan Lal Tribhuvandas Vyas
Literature & Education Gujarat
1959
Chandrasekharan, K. S.K. S. Chandrasekharan
Literature & Education Tamil Nadu
1959
Das, SailabalaSailabala Das
Social Work Odisha
1959
Diwan, Manchar BalvantManchar Balvant Diwan
Social Work Maharashtra
1959
Issac, Mary RatnammaMary Ratnamma Issac
Social Work Karnataka
1959
Jangpangi, Lakshman SinghLakshman Singh Jangpangi
Social Work Odisha
1959
Kar, SurendranathSurendranath Kar
Science & Engineering West Bengal
1959
Karkhanis, Ganesh GobindGanesh Gobind Karkhanis
Social Work Karnataka
1959
Majumdar, Parixitalal Lallu BhaiParixitalal Lallu Bhai Majumdar
Social Work Gujarat
1959
Mathulla, Mathew KandathilMathew Kandathil Mathulla
Civil Service Karnataka
1959
Mathur, Om PrakashOm Prakash Mathur
Science & Engineering West Bengal
1959
Mehta, Pratapri Girdhari LalPratapri Girdhari Lal Mehta
Public Affairs Maharashtra
1959
Murthy, Onkar SrinivasaOnkar Srinivasa Murthy
Civil Service Tamil Nadu
1959
Nag, Balwant SinghBalwant Singh Nag
Civil Service Punjab
1959
Panikkar, Parameswaran KuttappParameswaran Kuttapp Panikkar
Civil Service Kerala
1959
Patwardhan, Shivaji GaneshShivaji Ganesh Patwardhan
Medicine Maharashtra
1959
Ram, AtmaAtma Ram
Trade & Industry West Bengal
1959
Sen, MihirMihir Sen
Sports West Bengal
1959
Sethna, HomiHomi Sethna
Science & Engineering Maharashtra
1959
Singh, MilkhaMilkha Singh
Sports Chandigarh
1959
Uppal, Badri NathBadri Nath Uppal
Science & Engineering Chandigarh
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2014. pp. 2–11. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
Explanatory notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Navalpakkam Parthasarthy was citizen of Thailand.
External links[edit]
Official website
"Awards & Medals". Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 14 September 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
[show]
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Padma Shri awards
1954–1959
1960–1969
1970–1979
1980–1989
1990–1999
2000–2009
2010–2019
[show]
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Padma_Shri_award_recipients_(1954–1959)&oldid=797678985"
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values: पद्म श्री पुरस्कार (१९५४-५९) – Hindi

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