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Interphase
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Not to be confused with Interface (chemistry).
This article is about the phase in the cell cycle. For the video game, see Interphase (video game).
An illustration of interphase. The chromatin has not yet condensed, and the cell is undergoing its normal functions.
An image of the nucleus of a cell (HT1080) currently in interphase (likely G1). Note: Cytoplasm of this cell or the neighboring cell is not visible (top-left), which is currently in the telophase of mitosis. Image taken using an optical microscope and DAPI staining of DNA.
Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which a typical cell spends most of its life. During this phase, the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis.[1] Interphase is the 'daily living' or metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts other "normal" cell functions.[1] The majority of eukaryotic cells spend most of their time in interphase. This phase was formerly called the resting phase. However, interphase does not describe a cell that is merely resting; rather, the cell is living, and preparing for later cell division, so the name was changed. A common misconception is that interphase is the first stage of mitosis. However, since mitosis is the division of the nucleus, prophase is actually the first stage.[2]
In interphase, the cell gets itself ready for mitosis or meiosis. Somatic cells, or normal diploid cells of the body, go through mitosis in order to reproduce themselves through cell division, whereas diploid germ cells (i.e., primary spermatocytes and primary oocytes) go through meiosis in order to create haploid gametes (i.e., sperm and ova) for the purpose of sexual reproduction. Chromosomes are copied.
Contents
[hide]
1 Stages of interphase
2 Interphase within sequences of cellular processes
2.1 Interphase and the cell cycle
2.2 Interphase and other cellular processes
3 See also
4 References
Stages of interphase[edit]
There are three stages of cellular interphase, with each phase ending when a cellular checkpoint checks the accuracy of the stage's completion before proceeding to the next. The stages of interphase are:
G1 (Gap 1), in which the cell grows and functions normally. During this time, a high amount of protein synthesis occurs and the cell grows (to about double its original size) - more organelles are produced and the volume of the cytoplasm increases. If the cell is not to divide again, it will enter G0.[3]
Synthesis (S), in which the cell duplicates its DNA (via semiconservative replication).
G2 (Gap 2), in which the cell resumes its growth in preparation for division. The mitochondria divide and the cell continues to grow until mitosis begins. In plants, chloroplasts also divide during G2.
In addition, some cells that do not divide often or ever, enter a stage called G0 (Gap zero), which is either a stage separate from interphase or an extended G1.
The duration of time spent in interphase and in each stage of interphase is variable and depends on both the type of cell and the species of organism it belongs to. Most cells of adult mammals spend about 20 hours in interphase; this accounts for about 90% of the total time involved in cell division.[4] Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases. Mitosis and cytokinesis, however, are separate from interphase.
Interphase within sequences of cellular processes[edit]
Interphase and the cell cycle[edit]
When G2 is completed, the cell enters a relatively brief period of nuclear and cellular division, composed of mitosis and cytokinesis, respectively. After the successful completion of mitosis and cytokinesis, both resulting daughter cells re-enter G1 of interphase.
In the cell cycle, interphase is preceded by telophase and cytokinesis of the M phase. In alternative fashion, interphase is sometimes interrupted by G0 phase, which, in some circumstances, may then end and be followed by the remaining stages of interphase. After the successful completion of the G2 checkpoint, the final checkpoint in interphase, the cell proceeds to prophase, or in plants to preprophase, which is the first stage of mitosis.
G0 phase is viewed as either an extended G1 phase where the cell is neither dividing nor preparing to divide and or as a distinct quiescent stage which occurs outside of the cell cycle.[5]
Interphase and other cellular processes[edit]
In gamete production interphase is succeeded by meiosis. In programmed cell death, interphase is followed or preempted by apoptosis.
See also[edit]
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Marieb, Elaine (2000), Essentials of human anatomy and physiology, San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, ISBN 0805349405
Jump up ^ The Cell Cycle & Mitosis Tutorial The Biology Project – Cell Biology. University of Arizona.
Jump up ^ Cummings, M. R. (2014). Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (10th ed., pp. 28-29). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
Jump up ^ Mader, S. S. 2007. Biology 9th Ed. McGraw Hill Higher Education, Boston, MA, USA. ISBN 978-0-07-325839-3
Jump up ^ Re: Are the cells in the G0 (g zero) phase of mitosis really suspended? Erin Cram, Grad student, Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley. 1999. MadScience Network. Question ID 942142089.Cb.
[hide]
v
t
e
Cell cycle proteins
Cyclin
A (A1, A2)
B (B1, B2, B3)
D (D1, D2, D3)
E (E1, E2)
CDK
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
CDK-activating kinase
CDK inhibitor
INK4a/ARF (p14arf/p16, p15, p18, p19)
cip/kip (p21, p27, p57)
P53 p63 p73 family
p53
p63
p73
Other
Cdc2
Cdc25
Cdc42
Cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein
E2F
Maturation promoting factor
Wee
Cullin (CUL7)
Phases and
checkpoints
Interphase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase
Mitosis (Preprophase
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase)
Cytokinesis
Cell cycle checkpoints
Restriction point
Spindle checkpoint
Postreplication checkpoint
Other cellular phases
Apoptosis
G0 phase
Meiosis
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DC Talk
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the album, see DC Talk (album).
DC Talk
DC Talk members left to right: Michael Tait, Kevin Max Smith, Toby McKeehan
Background information
Origin
Lynchburg, Virginia, U.S.
Genres
Christian hip hop
Christian rock
rap rock
pop rock
alternative rock
Years active
1987–present (hiatus)
Labels
ForeFront, Virgin
Website
www.dctalk.com
Members
Toby McKeehan
Michael Tait
Kevin Max
DC Talk (stylized as dc Talk) is a Christian rap and rock trio. The group was formed at Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia in 1987 by Toby McKeehan, Michael Tait, and Kevin Max Smith. They released five major studio albums together: DC Talk (1989), Nu Thang (1990), Free at Last (1992), Jesus Freak (1995), and Supernatural (1998). In 2002, the Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music called DC Talk "the most popular overtly Christian act of all time."[1]
In 2000, the group released an EP titled Solo, which contained two solo songs from each member. Since that time, DC Talk has been on an indefinite hiatus, and the three band members all have led solo careers. They performed and recorded individual songs together several times during the 2000s, although the group never officially reunited or disbanded.
The group's musical style evolved significantly throughout its career. Its first two releases, DC Talk and Nu Thang, were of the hip hop genre. DC Talk's third album, Free at Last, also mainly took influence from the hip hop style, although the group's music began taking on a rock sound. The trio's last two albums, Jesus Freak and Supernatural, were predominantly pop rock.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Formation
1.2 DC Talk (1989)
1.3 Nu Thang (1990–1992)
1.4 Free at Last (1992–1994)
1.4.1 Free at Last: The Movie
1.5 Jesus Freak (1995–1997)
1.6 Supernatural (1998–2000)
1.7 Hiatus begins (2000)
1.8 Reunions and developments since hiatus (2000–present)
2 Solo efforts
2.1 Toby McKeehan
2.2 Michael Tait
2.3 Kevin Max
3 Activism
4 Group members
5 Band
6 Discography
7 Bibliography
8 Awards and nominations
8.1 Grammy Awards
8.2 Dove Awards
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
Formation[edit]
"DC Talk" was a nickname that Toby Michael McKeehan, later "TobyMac", (1964- ), who was born in Falls Church, Virginia, was given for being from the Washington D.C., area.[2] While attending Liberty University, McKeehan met Michael DeWayne Tait (1966- ), and the two began to perform together. Tait had been featured singing on Jerry Falwell’s The Old Time Gospel Hour and recorded with the Falwell Singers.[3] He also performed solo, what TobyMac later described his "kind of an R&B / church-oriented music."[4]
The two joined forces to record a song that McKeehan had written, "Heavenbound".[3] They performed the song before an audience of 8,000 Liberty students with McKeehan rapping and Tait singing the chorus.[3] The song was well received, selling out the approximately 3,000 copies[3] of their demo tape, Christian Rhymes to a Rhythm. The tape included "Heavenbound" and was distributed by the group in the Washington D.C. area.[2] The group’s demo tape eventually led to a recording contract with Forefront Records in 1988.[3] Kevin Max Smith, later "Kevin Max", (1967- ) came from a campus rock band to join the group,[4] and the trio called themselves "DC Talk and the One Way Crew".[2] The name was later simplified to "DC Talk", which came to stand for "decent Christian talk".[2]
DC Talk (1989)[edit]
After signing the recording contract with ForeFront the label released their self-titled debut album, DC Talk, in 1989 with Mike Valliere and Vic Mignogna. The music video for their first single, "Heavenbound", received airplay on the BET network.[5]
Nu Thang (1990–1992)[edit]
Their follow-up release, Nu Thang, and a Christmas EP titled Yo, Ho, Ho!, were released in 1990. Yo Ho Ho had three songs — the title track, "Reason for the Season" and "The King", which was also on DC Talk's first album. Nu Thang had two successful singles: "I Luv Rap Music" and "Can I Get a Witness".[6] Apart from dealing strictly with Christian themes, the band incorporated songs addressing social issues, such as racism in the song "Walls" and abortion in "Children Can Live Without It".[5] The hip hop/pop styling of the album earned the band attention, expanding the group's audience, and by 1991, Nu Thang had sold 200,000 copies.[2] The band became an opening act for Michael W. Smith and received a Dove Award.[2][7] The release of their Rap, Rock, n' Soul video garnered a wider audience for the group, being certified gold for long form video.[1][7]
In 1992, a year after its release, Nu Thang sold more than 300,000 copies and gave the trio two more Dove Awards.[2] In addition to the increasing attention that the group began to receive, DC Talk appeared on The Arsenio Hall Show that same year.[2] "Nu Thang" was eventually certified gold, selling over 500,000 copies, an impressive feat for a Christian artist at that time.[1]
Free at Last (1992–1994)[edit]
In November 1992, the group released an album that would forever change the landscape of Christian music, Free at Last, which was certified as platinum by the RIAA in 1995.[8] In 2001, CCM ranked "Free at Last" as the 9th best album in Christian music.[9] The album included "The Hardway"; a cover version of the Bill Withers song "Lean on Me"; and a remake of "Jesus Is Just Alright", originally recorded by the Art Reynolds Singers.[6] It stayed at the No. 1 spot on the Billboard CCM sales chart for 34 weeks.[6][7] DC Talk became one of the first contemporary Christian groups to perform on late-night television when, on November 12, 1993, the band performed "Jesus Is Still Alright" on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.[10] Free at Last also garnered the group's first Grammy Award for Best Rock Gospel Album in 1994.[1][6] The success of the album is attributed to the group moving away from a strictly rap sound to a blend of hip hop and pop.[7] The album also prompted the filming of a documentary film with the same name.
Free at Last: The Movie[edit]
Main article: Free at Last: The Movie
During the Free at Last tour, the band was followed around by camera crews to film a documentary. The documentary was going to be released as a theatrical film, Free at Last: The Movie, and was heavily promoted on Lightmusic TV, a Christian music video show. After months of teaser trailers, they abruptly stopped. A trailer included in the enhanced CD single of "Jesus Freak" advertised a September 17, 1995 theatrical release date for the film. It was never released to theaters, as it could not find a distributor.[11] Eight years after the film was to be released theatrically, the movie was finally released on DVD in unfinished form. Some of the footage used for the movie was shown in the video for the song "The Hardway". In 1994, they released one more Christmas single which was their remix version of the classic, "We Three Kings" which was on the album "Joyful Christmas" featuring many other Christian artists.
Jesus Freak (1995–1997)[edit]
Jesus Freak was released in 1995, and it achieved the highest first-week sales of any Christian release in history,[6] reaching No. 16 on the Billboard 200.[12] The album, which was ultimately certified double platinum,[8] was certified gold within thirty days of its release.[13] This album was a fusion of the musical stylings, with a more pop-rock oriented sound combined with hip hop.
Jesus Freak marked a milestone in the group's commercial career as they signed a deal with Virgin Records in 1996 to distribute their music to the mainstream market.[7][14] It also earned dc Talk their second Grammy.[1]
The title track is also of historical importance. It is believed to be the first link between grunge and rapcore in Contemporary Christian music, and was the first non–Adult Contemporary song to win the Dove Award for Song of the Year. The song was also played on some secular stations.[1]
[15] "Between You and Me" was a successful single, reaching No. 24 and No. 29 respectively on Billboard's Adult Contemporary and Hot 100[12] and No. 12 on Casey's Top 40, while the video received regular airtime on MTV and VH1.[6]
With the release of the album, the group launched a massive tour titled the Freakshow Tour,[6] which took the trio across the United States, Canada, and Europe. The group released a live video titled Live in Concert: Welcome To The Freak Show which contained footage from the Freakshow tour.[7] An audio CD of the soundtrack from the video was also released under the same title, reaching No. 109 on the Billboard 200.[12] The CD Welcome to the Freakshow was certified gold and won dc Talk another Grammy award.[1]
The album is looked at by many as one of the greatest and most important albums to be released in Christian music.[16]
Supernatural (1998–2000)[edit]
Supernatural, released in 1998, was their last all-new studio album. Upon release, the album overtook Jesus Freak to set a new record for the highest first week sales for a Christian release.[6] It debuted at No. 4 on the Billboard 200 charts, a feat for a Christian rock album.[7] Supernatural abandoned the hip hop/rap style found on the group's earlier releases to settle for the pop/rock sound.[7] The group has stated in The Supernatural Experience video that this album was different; it was a collaborative effort of all three members.[7] The songs "Consume Me", "Into Jesus", "Red Letters", and "My Friend (So Long)" received their fair share of radio play on Modern Rock, Contemporary Christian, and Alternative outlets. The group then embarked on a 60-city tour across the United States titled, The Supernatural Experience. Footage from the tour was combined with interviews and released as The Supernatural Experience video and was certified gold for long form video.[1]
In addition to touring and recording Supernatural, the members of the group went on to co-author a book titled Jesus Freaks in collaboration with The Voice of the Martyrs in 1999. The book contains the shortened biographies and incidents in the lives of famous and lesser-known Christians who stood up for their faith. Since then, the group has co-authored a series of other books.
Hiatus begins (2000)[edit]
In 2000, DC Talk hosted a show titled Intermission: A Decade of DC Talk.[17] A compilation album titled Intermission: The Greatest Hits was then released, containing many of their previously recorded songs either remixed or in their original formats. Two new songs, "Chance" and "Sugar Coat It", were recorded for the album. Intermission reached No. 81 on the Billboard 200.[12]
In 2000, the members announced that they would be taking a break from the group to pursue solo efforts. They released Solo: Special Edition EP, which contained two new songs from each member's solo ventures and a live version of the U2 song "40" performed by all three members. The EP reached No. 142 on the Billboard 200 and won dc Talk their fourth Grammy award.[1][12]
Reunions and developments since hiatus (2000–present)[edit]
In September 2002, DC Talk recorded and released a single about the September 11, 2001 attacks titled "Let's Roll". A 10th Anniversary Edition of Free at Last, which includes all of the songs from the original album (including interludes), a 2002 remake of "The Hardway", as well as a commentary at the end was released. The Special Edition releases also include the DVD of their Free at Last documentary, as well as the music videos for "The Hardway" and "Jesus Is Just Alright".
In 2004, they performed together on a remix of tobyMac's "Atmosphere" as the final track of the Welcome to Diverse City album.
On September 12, 2005, they performed "In the Light" and "Jesus Freak" together during a September 12 concert in Redmond, WA.
On January 12, 2006, Gotee Records (co-founded by DC Talk's TobyMac) announced the production of a 10th anniversary Jesus Freak tribute album entitled, Freaked!. This album, which was released in June 2006, features songs from such Gotee Records artists as Relient K, Sarah Kelly, The Showdown, House of Heroes, Verbs, Liquid, and Family Force 5. It also features a reunion of the Gotee Brothers. In August 2006 an album titled The Early Years, a compilation of songs from their first three albums, was released. On December 26, 2006, a 10th anniversary special edition of Jesus Freak was released.
In 2007, the members joined together to cover the Prince-penned song "The Cross", featuring on Kevin's album, The Blood.
In 2008, Gospel Music Channel interviewed TobyMac, Michael Tait, Joey Elwood, Michael W. Smith, Greg Ham, Peter York, Amanda McKeehan, and Dan Pitts for a TV show called Faith and Fame. Another Greatest Hits album was also released that year.
In 2010, the trio performed with Aaron Shust, Brandon Heath, Matthew West, Natalie Grant, Steven Curtis Chapman, Casting Crowns, and many other artists to serve as backing choir for "Come Together Now", a song about the 2010 Haiti earthquakes. The song was co-written by Michael W. Smith, David Mullen, and Cindy Morgan.[18] On February 21, 2010 TobyMac and Michael Tait, along with the Newsboys, performed the song "Jesus Freak" during Winter Jam in Nashville, Tennessee.[19] In June 2010 Kevin Max tweeted that he was trying to arrange a reunion tour for "perhaps" 2011.[20] On August 3, 2010 "Jesus Freak" was released as a download to the Rock Band store. The song has a "Supervision Recommended" rating.[21] The Rock Band store states that "Supervision Recommended" tracks "may contain suggestive lyrics and the infrequent use of strong language," and the song is not playable in LEGO Rock Band due to the rating.[22] In October 2010 Kevin Max discussed the prospect of new DC Talk music. He admitted that he would love to make more music but he thinks "that time has passed us by...". He then explained, "as individuals we are so different in our approaches that it might be quite a process." Kevin expressed interest in a reunion tour for the fans.[23]
In January 2011, TobyMac stated that a reunion tour would probably happen "sooner or later". He mentioned talking with Michael and Kevin about "when it should be" and "what it could look like." Fans hoping for a reunion tour in the near future may be disappointed: "Right now, I think we're really just enjoying the mountain we're climbing, each of us individually. It's never been a completely closed door. We've always sort of laughed about it, smiled about it. It's timing, I guess."[24] On May 28 and 29, 2011, at the Big Church Day Out in Wiston, UK, TobyMac joined the Newsboys twice to perform "Jesus Freak", and Michael sang "In the Light" on both days with Toby's band, Diverse City.[25] In June 2011 Toby admitted that he thought about Kevin and Michael for every song that he writes. His song "Wonderin'" is about his past with Kevin and Michael in DC Talk. "It's just a warm look back at DC Talk," says Toby, almost wistfully. "It's reminiscing about Michael and Kevin and what we did together, and recognizing their influence on me. I love what I do today, but there are times when I wonder, What if we stayed together? I've got these dreams I'm pursuing now, but are they stealing me from you?"[26] On June 7, 2011, Back 2 Back Hits, featuring songs off Jesus Freak and Supernatural, was released.[27]
In January 2014, Tait indicated that he liked the sound of a "20-years-later" tour in 2015, and that he and tobyMac continue to have conversations on the subject, but that tickets would be pricey.[28] In February 2014, tobyMac admitted he is asked "close to every day" about a reunion tour and that "nothing concrete is in the works" due to conflicting schedules, but that he had not ruled out a reunion.[29] The three celebrated TobyMac's 50th birthday on October 22, 2014.[30]
In 2015 it was announced by Gotee Records that they would be issuing Jesus Freak and Supernatural on vinyl for the first time.[31] The trio also reunited for their first studio track since 2007 to record "Love Feels Like" on TobyMac's sixth studio album This Is Not a Test.[32] It was accompanied with a lyric video.[33]
On May 11, 2016, DC Talk announced a 2017 reunion cruise.[34]
On October 11, 2016, DC Talk performed "Love Feels Like" [35] at the Allen Arena in Nashville, Tennessee at the 47th Annual GMA Dove Awards.[36] The performance was posted Live on the DC Talk Facebook page,[37] making it the very first Facebook Live[38] performance for the band.
DC Talk performed two concerts on July 13, 2017, and a third show on July 14, 2017. These were aboard the MSC Divina in the Bahamas on the reunion cruise announced over a year earlier. The group hinted at more reunions to take place in the future.[39]
Solo efforts[edit]
Toby McKeehan[edit]
Main article: tobyMac
Toby McKeehan assumed the stage name of TobyMac, a name that was first mentioned in the lyrics of "Jesus Is Just Alright" when McKeehan rapped, "TobyMac, and the Mac is back no slack". He has focused mostly on the pop/hip-hop genre. His first solo album, Momentum, was released in 2001 and included, "J Train", "Somebody's Watching", "Irene", "Extreme Days", "Get this Party Started", and "Love is in the House". Since then, he has released five other full albums, four remixed albums, and a both a Christmas EP and album, Christmas in Diverse City. Welcome to Diverse City, released in 2004, contained "Diverse City", "Catchafire (Whoopsi-Daisy)", "Gone", "Burn for You", and the remix of "Atmosphere", which featured his former band-mates. Portable Sounds, released in February 2007 and debuted at No. 10 on the Billboard 200.[40] In 2008, he released a live CD/DVD combo entitled Alive and Transported. On February 9, 2010, Tonight, his fourth studio album was released. His 2012 release, Eye on It, was only the third Christian album with a No. 1 debut on the Billboard 200 chart, and the first since 1997.[41] He released his sixth full studio album, This Is Not a Test, on August 7, 2015.
McKeehan has had some success in reaching the mainstream market.[42][43][44][44]
Michael Tait[edit]
Main article: Michael Tait
Michael Tait pursued his solo efforts with the band, Tait. The band's first release was Empty in 2001, which included the single "Loss for Words". Lose This Life was the follow-up album released in 2003. It contained the singles "Lose This Life", "God Can You Hear Me", and a hidden track, "Christmas Song".[45] Tait planned to release Loveology in 2007, an album he has been working on for a few years with Ben Moody.[46] Its release has been delayed for unknown reasons. Tait also featured in the rock opera !Hero, as the main character, "Hero". The production is a modern retelling of Jesus' life, as if he were born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. On March 9, 2009, it was announced that Peter Furler was stepping down from touring and from his role as lead singer of Newsboys, with Tait replacing him.[47] His first album with the band was Born Again, which was released in July 2010. After a reissue of the Born Again album the band released their second album with Tait as the frontman entitled God's Not Dead. The album went to No. 1 on the Billboard Christian charts and the title track was one of the top songs in Christian radio throughout the next year.[citation needed] A live album, Newsboys Live in Concert: God's Not Dead, was released in late 2012 and marked the band's return to Sparrow Records.[citation needed] In September 2013 the third studio album with Tait in the band, Restart, was released and contained the songs "Live With Abandon" and "We Believe". In March 2014 the film, God's Not Dead, was released and the band's song played a prominent role throughout, serving as the main theme song of the movie and soundtrack.[citation needed] The popularity of the film prompted a renewed interest in the 2011 song pushing it to become the most watched Christian music video on YouTube with nearly 50 million views as of 2016.[citation needed] The band signed with Fair Trade Services in 2015 and in early 2016 released Love Riot.[citation needed]
Kevin Max[edit]
Main article: Kevin Max
Kevin Max has released seven albums since the group's hiatus. Stereotype Be was released by Forefront Records in 2001, and included the singles "You", "Be", and "Existence". He signed with Northern Records to release his next three projects. Between the Fence and the Universe was an EP released in 2004, and his next major studio album, The Imposter, was released in 2005. Holy Night, a Christmas album, was also released in 2005 through the Northern label. The Blood was released on December 26, 2007 by Infinity Music Distribution. It features covers of several well-known gospel songs, both classic and contemporary, as well as the original-written track "One Way, One Blood". The album includes collaborations with several other artists, including Chris Sligh and Amy Grant. DC Talk made an appearance on his version of Prince's song "The Cross", with each member singing one verse in the beginning of the song. In 2008, Max starred in the independent film The Imposter, named after his first full length project on Northern Records, and also went on to saying it was not executed the way he wanted it to be. In early 2009 he released an EP titled "Crashing Gates" and partnered with independent label dpulse, which subsequently re-released his previous poetry collaboration with Adrian Belew. In August 2012, he became the lead singer for Christian rock band Audio Adrenaline after Mark Stuart retired and started writing for the band.[citation needed] In June 2014, he left the group to resume his solo career. In 2015 he independently released Broken Temples through crowd funding.[48]The album contained unfinished songs from his time in Audio Adrenaline. The song "Infinite" gained Christian radio airplay even though it was released independently. He now releases albums at his own pace through PledgeMusic.[49][50]
Activism[edit]
The group is notable for its stances against racism (as evidenced by "Colored People", the second track of Jesus Freak), as well as the uncompromising Christian message in its music. "We're very open about our Christian faith," says McKeehan, "but when we make our records we want to create a musical experience that anyone can immerse themselves in." But still, he says, "one of our goals is to encourage listeners to question themselves and to seek out truth."[51]
E.R.A.C.E. (Eliminating Racism And Creating Equality) was launched in September 1997 when DC Talk participated in the "Racial Reconciliation Rally" in Little Rock, Arkansas. The rally was part of a week-long emphasis on racial reconciliation.[52]
In 1998, the group began the E.R.A.C.E. Foundation to combat racism.[52] The foundation was started after four years of discussion and planning with manager Dan Pitts and Gotee Records President, Joey Elwood. The primary aim of the foundation is to educate and equip America's youth with "an understanding of the importance of interracial unity". The foundation works on healing historically divided groups and healing rifts within the society.[52]
Group members[edit]
Toby McKeehan
Michael Tait
Kevin Max
Album chart
Band[edit]
Jason Halbert – keyboard, organ
Otto "Sugar Bear" Price – bass
Mark Townsend – guitar
Martin Upton – guitar
Brent Barcus – guitar
Will Denton,
Rick "Mayday" May – drums
Ric "DJ Form" Robbins – DJ
Marvin Sims – percussion
GRITS – choreography
Barry Graul - guitar
Discography[edit]
Main article: DC Talk discography
1989: DC Talk
1990: Nu Thang
1992: Free at Last
1995: Jesus Freak
1998: Supernatural
Bibliography[edit]
Jesus Freaks (1999)
Live Like a Jesus Freak (2001)
Jesus Freaks: Promises for a Jesus Freak (2001)
Jesus Freaks Volume II: Stories of Revolutionaries Who Changed Their World Fearing God, Not Man (2002)
Jesus Freaks: Revolutionaries (2005)
Jesus Freaks: Martyrs (2005)
Awards and nominations[edit]
Grammy Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1992 Nu Thang Best Rock/Contemporary Gospel Album Nominated
1993 Free at Last Grammy Award for Best Rock Gospel Album Won
1996 Jesus Freak Grammy Award for Best Rock Gospel Album Won
1997 Welcome to the Freak Show Grammy Award for Best Rock Gospel Album Won
1999 Supernatural Grammy Award for Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album Nominated
2001 Solo Grammy Award for Best Rock Gospel Album Won
Dove Awards[edit]
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result
1992 Rap, Rock, & Soul Long Form Music Video of the Year Won
"I Love Rap Music" Rap/Hip Hop Recorded Song of the Year Won
1993 "Can I Get a Witness" Rap/Hip Hop Recorded Song of the Year Won
1994 "Socially Acceptable" Rap/Hip Hop Recorded Song of the Year Won
"Jesus is Just Alright" Rock Recorded Song of the Year Won
1994 "Luv is a Verb" Rap/Hip Hop Recorded Song of the Year Won
1996 DC Talk Artist of the Year Won
"Jesus Freak" Song of the Year Won
"Jesus Freak" Rock Recorded Song of the Year Won
1997 "Between You and Me" Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year Won
Jesus Freak Rock Album of the Year Won
"Like It, Love It, Need It" Rock Recorded Song of the Year Won
"Jesus Freak" Short Form Music Video of the Year Won
1998 "Colored People" Short Form Music Video of the Year Won
1999 DC Talk Group of the Year Nominated
DC Talk Artist of the Year Nominated
"My Friend (So Long)" Rock Recorded Song of the Year Nominated
Supernatural Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year Nominated
2000 The Supernatural Experience Long Form Music Video of the Year Won
2001 "Dive" Alternative/Modern Rock Song Won
2004 Free at Last: The Movie (10th Anniversary) Long Form Music Video of the Year Nominated
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Powell, Mark Allan (2002). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Christian Music. Peabody, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishers. pp. 239–42. ISBN 1-56563-679-1.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Gersztyn, Bob (2005). "DC Talk". Encyclopedia of American Gospel Music. 1 (1 ed.). Routledge. pp. 97–98. ISBN 0-415-94179-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Dougherty, Steve (January 24, 1994). "Rap Finds God". People Magazine. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Newcomb, Brian Quincy (April 1990). "Rhythm, Rhyme, & The New World Music". CCM Magazine. 12 (10): 38, 40–41. ISSN 1524-7848.
^ Jump up to: a b "DC TALK-Def, Not Dumb". CCM Magazine. Archived from the original on July 20, 2010. Retrieved June 21, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "dc Talk homepage". Dctalk.com. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Soupernatural Movie Soundtrack - dc Talk Bio". Soupernaturalmovie.com. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "RIAA - Gold & Platinum Searchable Database". RIAA. Archived from the original on June 26, 2007.
Jump up ^ Granger, Thom (2001). The 100 Greatest Albums n Christian Music. Eugene, Oregon: Harvest House Publishers. pp. 44–47. ISBN 0-7369-0281-3.
Jump up ^ "Jesus Is Just Alright (Live on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno) 1993". dc Talk. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Danél Griffin. "Film as Art: Danél Griffin's Guide to Cinema:DC Talk: Free at Last". University of Alaska Southeast. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "dc talk: Chart History". billboard.com. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ Herman, Michael (2000). "Expect the Supernatural...". Christianity Today. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Supermen". CCM Magazine. October 2000. Archived from the original on July 20, 2010. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
Jump up ^ John Bush. "dc Talk: Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on October 6, 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-08.
Jump up ^ "dc Talk Timeline". Dctalkunite.com. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ ""Come Together Now" … the Christian music community is uniting, in song, to help Haiti | CrossRock". LancasterOnline.com. January 26, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "TobyMac and Michael Tait are freaks...Jesus Freaks". YouTube. February 21, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ kevinmax (June 1, 2010). "Twitter / kevinmax: Trying to get a dct tour h". Twitter.com. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Jesus Freak by dc Talk // Songs // Rock Band®". Rockband.com. August 3, 2010. Archived from the original on June 24, 2012. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "What are Song Ratings? // Support // Rock Band®". Rockband.com. October 21, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Christian Pop Star Kevin Max On Wanting To Stay Close To Home". Celebrity Baby Scoop. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ "News - TobyMac & Michael Tait Reunited On Stage At BigChurchDayOut". Louder Than The Music. May 31, 2011. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Weekend22". Weekend22. June 4, 2011. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Back 2 Back Hits: Supernatural/Jesus Freak | dc Talk | Album". MTV. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "DC Talk Reunion 'Jesus Freak 20 Years Later Tour' Confirmed by Michael Tait? TobyMac, Audio Adrenaline, and Newsboys on the Dream Tour Bill Too : Song Stories". breathecast. January 2, 2014. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Ageless TobyMac Talks about DC Talk Reunion (It Could Happen)". GCUToday. February 24, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "DC Talk Reunion? 'The 3 Amigos Reunite at Tobymac's 50th Birthday Bash". BREATHEcast. October 23, 2014. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ Staff. "First Ever Vinyl Release of dc Talk's 'Jesus Freak' and 'Supernatural'". CCM Magazine. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
Jump up ^ "DC Talk's 'Love Feels Like' Reunion Makes Long Awaited Debut on TobyMac's 'This is Not a Test' [LISTEN HERE]". BREATHEcast. 2015-08-07. Retrieved 2016-02-07.
Jump up ^ TobyMacVEVO (2015-08-07), TobyMac - Love Feels Like (Lyric Video) ft. dc Talk, retrieved 2016-02-07
Jump up ^ Jesus Freak Cruise
Jump up ^ "Home". TOBYMAC. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
Jump up ^ "The 48th Annual GMA Dove Awards | Honoring Outstanding Achievements and Excellence in Christian Music". doveawards.com. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
Jump up ^ "dc Talk | Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
Jump up ^ "Live | Facebook". live.fb.com. Retrieved 2016-10-12.
Jump up ^ 7 Takeaways from the DCTalk Cruise, retrieved 2017-07-21
Jump up ^ "TobyMac: Chart History". Billboard.com. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Christian Music, Christian Music Video, Christian Music News". Billboard. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
Jump up ^ "tobyMac News - Yahoo! Music". New.music.yahoo.com. February 15, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ Christian Music Songs (June 30, 2010). "tobyMac's song to play at WWE Fatal 4-way | Christian Music Songs". Christianmusicsongs.brightlightreview.com. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "EMI CMG Distribution". EMI CMG Distribution. February 9, 2010. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ Taylor, David (November 1, 2003). "Tait: Loose This Life". Jesus Freak Hideout. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Loveology". Cross Rhythms. May 21, 2007. Retrieved August 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Michael Tait to Join Newsboys". CCM Magazine. March 2009. Archived from the original on March 22, 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2009.
Jump up ^ "PledgeMusic Project". pledgemusic.com.
Jump up ^ "PledgeMusic Campaigns". pledgemusic.com.
Jump up ^ * "Interview with Kevin Max". decentchristiantalk.
Jump up ^ "DC Talk: Bio Page".
^ Jump up to: a b c "the E.R.A.C.E. foundation - our history". Erace.com. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
External links[edit]
Official website
[show]
v
t
e
DC Talk
Toby McKeehan
Michael Tait
Kevin Max
Studio albums
DC Talk (1989)
Nu Thang (1990)
Free at Last (1992)
Jesus Freak (1995)
Supernatural (1998)
Solo (2001)
Live albums
Welcome to the Freak Show (1997)
Compilation albums
Intermission: the Greatest Hits (2000)
The Early Years (2006)
Greatest Hits (2007)
Singles
"Jesus Is Just Alright"
"Lean On Me"
"Jesus Freak"
"Between You and Me"
"What If I Stumble?"
"Colored People"
Videography
Welcome to the Freak Show (1997)
Free at Last: The Movie (2002)
Related articles
Discography
Freaked!
[show]
v
t
e
TobyMac
Studio albums
Momentum (2001)
Welcome to Diverse City (2004)
Portable Sounds (2007)
Tonight (2010)
Eye on It (2012)
This Is Not a Test (2015)
Remix albums
Re:Mix Momentum (2003)
Renovating Diverse City (2005)
Dubbed and Freq'd: A Remix Project (2012)
Eye'm All Mixed Up (2014)
Live albums
Alive and Transported (2008)
Christmas albums
This Christmas (2002)
Christmas in Diverse City (2011)
Singles
"Gone"
"Made to Love"
"I'm for You"
"Lose My Soul"
"City on Our Knees"
"ShowStopper"
"Get Back Up"
"Me Without You"
"Love Broke Thru"
Related articles
TobyMac discography
The Diverse City Band
dc Talk
Portable Sounds Tour
[show]
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Tait
Chad Chapin
Jordan Hester
Michael Tait
Evan Weatherford
Lonnie Chapin
Dave Clo
Brian Nutter
Pete Stewart
Justin York
Albums
Empty
Lose This Life
Loveology (unreleased)
[show]
v
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e
Kevin Max
Studio albums
Stereotype Be
The Imposter
Holy Night
The Blood
Cotes d'Armor (True Rebels)
Broken Temples
EPs
At the Foot of Heaven: a Mini Audio Book
Between the Fence & the Universe
Crashing Gates
Fiefdom of Angels-Side One
Collaborations
Raven Songs 101
Related articles
dc Talk
Adrian Belew
Audio Adrenaline
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MusicBrainz: 77215d1d-9d7e-443d-9f1e-da34e1e3d6e4
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Chyme
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Not to be confused with Chyle, Chymex, or Chime.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Chyme
Identifiers
FMA
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Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
Chyme or chymus (/kaɪm/; from Greek χυμός khymos, "juice"[1][2]) is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum[3] (the beginning of the small intestine).
Chyme results from the mechanical and chemical breakdown of a bolus and consists of partially digested food, water, hydrochloric acid, and various digestive enzymes. Chyme slowly passes through the pyloric sphincter and into the duodenum, where the extraction of nutrients begins. Depending on the quantity and contents of the meal, the stomach will digest the food into chyme in anywhere between 40 minutes to a few hours. 40 minutes to 3 hours at most. The chyme is black looking.
With a pH of approximately 2, chyme emerging from the stomach is very acidic. The duodenum secretes a hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK), which causes the gall bladder to contract, releasing alkaline bile into the duodenum. CCK also causes the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas. The duodenum is a short section of the small intestine located between the stomach and the rest of the small intestine. The duodenum also produces the hormone secretin to stimulate the pancreatic secretion of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate, which then raises pH of the chyme to 7. The chyme then moves through the jejunum and the ileum, where digestion progresses, and the nonuseful portion continues onward into the large intestine. The duodenum is protected by a thick layer of mucus and the neutralizing actions of the sodium bicarbonate and bile.
At a pH of 7, the enzymes that were present from the stomach are no longer active. This then leads into the further breakdown of the nutrients still present by anaerobic bacteria, which at the same time help to package the remains. These bacteria also help synthesize vitamin B and vitamin K, which will be absorbed along with other nutrients.
Contents
1 Properties
2 Path of chyme
3 Uses
4 References
Properties[edit]
Chyme has a low pH that is countered by the production of bile, helping to further digest food. Chyme is part liquid and part solid: a thick semifluid mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions that is formed in the stomach and small intestine during digestion. Chyme also contains cells from the mouth and esophagus that slough off from the mechanical action of chewing and swallowing.
Path of chyme[edit]
After hours of mechanical and chemical digestion, food has been reduced into chyme. As particles of food become small enough, they are passed out of the stomach at regular intervals into the small intestine, which stimulates the pancreas to release fluid containing a high concentration of bicarbonate. This fluid neutralizes the gastric juices, which can damage the lining of the intestine and result in duodenal ulcer. Other secretions from the pancreas, gallbladder, liver, and glands in the intestinal wall help in digestion.
When food particles are sufficiently reduced in size and composition, they are absorbed by the intestinal wall and transported to the bloodstream. Some food material is passed from the small intestine to the large intestine. In the large intestine, bacteria break down proteins and starches in chyme that were not digested fully in the small intestine.
When all of the nutrients have been absorbed from chyme, the remaining waste material changes into semisolids that are called feces. The feces pass to the rectum, to be stored until ready to be discharged from the body during defecation.
Uses[edit]
The chyme of an unweaned calf is the defining ingredient of pajata, a traditional Roman recipe.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Chyme, Online Etymology Dictionary
Jump up ^ χυμός, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
Jump up ^ chyme, Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chyme&oldid=854207330"
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RF power amplifier
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Not to be confused with Audio power amplifier.
An RF power amplifier
Class C VHF power amplifier based on the transistor MRF317.
A radio frequency power amplifier (RF power amplifier) is a type of electronic amplifier that converts a low-power radio-frequency signal into a higher power signal. Typically, RF power amplifiers drive the antenna of a transmitter. Design goals often include gain, power output, bandwidth, power efficiency, linearity (low signal compression at rated output), input and output impedance matching, and heat dissipation.
Contents
[hide]
1 Amplifier classes
2 Solid state vs. vacuum tube amplifiers
3 Applications
4 Wideband amplifier design
5 References
6 External links
Amplifier classes[edit]
Many modern RF amplifiers operate in different modes, called “classes”, to help achieve different design goals. Some classes are class A, class B, class C and class E.[1] There is a Class D, but those amplifiers can work only with low frequency signals typically used in audio equipment.
Solid state vs. vacuum tube amplifiers[edit]
Modern RF power amplifiers use solid-state devices such as bipolar junction transistors and MOSFETs.[2] Transistors and other modern solid-state devices have replaced vacuum tubes in most electronic devices, but tubes are still used in some high-power transmitters (see Valve RF amplifier). Although mechanically robust, transistors are electrically fragile – they are easilly damaged by excess voltage or current. Tubes are mechanically fragile, but electrically robust – they can handle remarkably high electrical overloads without appreciable damage.
Applications[edit]
The basic applications of the RF power amplifier include driving to another high power source, driving a transmitting antenna and exciting microwave cavity resonators. Among these applications, driving transmitter antennas is most well known. The transmitter–receivers are used not only for voice and data communication but also for weather sensing (in the form of a radar).[citation needed]
Wideband amplifier design[edit]
Impedance transformations over large bandwidth are difficult to realize, thus most wideband amplifiers use 50 Ω output loading. Transistor output power is then limited to
P o u t ≤ ( V b r − V k ) 2 8 Z o {\displaystyle P_{out}\leq {\frac {(V_{br}-V_{k})^{2}}{8Z_{o}}}}
V b r {\displaystyle V_{br}} is defined as the breakdown voltage
V k {\displaystyle V_{k}} is defined as the knee voltage
and typically Z o = 50 Ω {\displaystyle Z_{o}=50\Omega \,}
The loadline method is often used in RF power amplifier design.[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Cloutier, Stephen R. "Class E AM Transmitter Descriptions, Circuits, Etc.". www.classeradio.com. WA1QIX. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
Jump up ^ MFJ Enterprises. "Ameritron ALS-1300 1200-watt NO TUNE TMOS-FET AMPLIFIER" (PDF). MFJ Enterprises. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Matthew Ozalas (January 14, 2015). "How to Design an RF Power Amplifier: The Basics". youtube.com. Retrieved 2015-02-10.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to RF power amplifiers.
Carlos Fuentes (October 2008). "Microwave Power Amplifier Fundamentals" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-03-05.
Khanifar, Ahmad. "RF Power Amplifier Design for Digital Predistortion". www.linamptech.com. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RF_power_amplifier&oldid=803702078"
Categories:
Electronic amplifiers
Radio electronics
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List of fictional characters with stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
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The Hollywood Walk of Fame awards people of notability in the film, television, music, radio and theatre industry. However, stars have also been awarded to fictional characters. The following is a list of fictional characters with stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, including the category and location of each honoree.
Contents
[hide]
1 Fictional characters
2 Live-action animals
3 Corporate entities
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Fictional characters[edit]
The following fictional characters have received stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame; 13 in motion pictures and four in television.
Character
Current copyright holder
In
Creator
Date
Location
Reason
Big Bird Sesame Workshop Jim Henson (1994-04-21)April 21, 1994[1] 7021 Hollywood Blvd. For his role on the children television show, Sesame Street.
Bugs Bunny Warner Bros. Tex Avery (1985-12-10)December 10, 1985[2] 7007 Hollywood Blvd. For his role in Looney Tunes short films.
Donald Duck The Walt Disney Company Walt Disney (2004-08-09)August 9, 2004[3] 6840 Hollywood Blvd. For his role in animated films.
Godzilla Toho Tomoyuki Tanaka (2004-11-29)November 29, 2004[4] 6925 Hollywood Blvd. For his role in films.
Kermit the Frog The Walt Disney Company Jim Henson (2002-11-14)November 14, 2002[5] 6801 Hollywood Blvd. For his leading role in The Muppet Show.
Mickey Mouse Walt Disney
Ub Iwerks (1978-11-13)November 13, 1978[6] 6925 Hollywood Blvd. For his role in animated films. Dedicated on his 50th Anniversary.
Minnie Mouse Walt Disney
Ub Iwerks (2018-01-22)January 22, 2018[7] 6834 Hollywood Blvd. For her role in animated films, and for her role as a prominent fashion influencer since her debut.
The Munchkins Turner Entertainment [8] L. Frank Baum (2007-11-20)November 20, 2007[9] 6900 Hollywood Blvd. For their role in The Wizard of Oz.
The Muppets The Walt Disney Company
Jim Henson (2012-03-20)March 20, 2012[10] 6834 Hollywood Blvd. For their role in motion pictures.
Rugrats Nickelodeon Arlene Klasky
Gábor Csupó
Paul Germain (2001-06-28)June 28, 2001[11] 6600 Hollywood Blvd. For their 10th anniversary on their television show, Rugrats.
Shrek Universal Studios William Steig (2010-05-20)May 20, 2010[12] 6931 Hollywood Blvd. For his role in his animated feature films.
The Simpsons 20th Century Fox Matt Groening (2000-01-14)January 14, 2000[13] 7021 Hollywood Blvd. For their 10th anniversary on their television show, The Simpsons.
Snoopy Peanuts Worldwide Charles M. Schulz (2015-11-02)November 2, 2015[14] 7021 Hollywood Blvd. For his role in the Peanuts animated television specials and films.
Snow White The Walt Disney Company The Brothers Grimm (1987-06-28)June 28, 1987[15] 6920 Hollywood Blvd. For her role in the first feature-length Disney animated film, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Perhaps dedicated on the film's 50th anniversary.
Tinker Bell J. M. Barrie (2010-09-21)September 21, 2010[16] 6834 Hollywood Blvd. For her silent role in all of the Neverland films.
Winnie the Pooh A. A. Milne (2006-04-11)April 11, 2006[17] 6834 Hollywood Blvd. For his role in his animated films.
Woody Woodpecker Universal Studios Walter Lantz (1990-09-13)September 13, 1990[18] 7000 Hollywood Blvd. For his role in his animated films.
Live-action animals[edit]
Three live-action canines have stars on the Walk.
Character
Parent Company
In
Date
Location
Lassie MGM (1960-02-08)February 8, 1960[19] 6368 Hollywood
Rin Tin Tin Warner Bros.
Mascot Pictures (1960-02-08)February 8, 1960[20] 1623 Vine
Strongheart Associated First National Pictures (1960-02-11)February 11, 1960[21] 1724 Vine
Corporate entities[edit]
Several corporate entities are on the Walk. All are nominated in the "Special Recognition Category", and as with Tom Bradley and Johnny Grant, many have special logos other than the five normal categories.
Company
Product
Logo
Date
Location
Reason
Disneyland Theme park Sleeping Beauty Castle 14 July 2005 6834 Hollywood For the park's 50th anniversary.
See also[edit]
List of stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Big Bird". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Bugs Bunny". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Donald Duck". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Godzilla". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Kermit the Frog". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Mickey Mouse". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Minnie Mouse". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Version of the characters depicted in the 1939 The Wizard of Oz film. L. Frank Baum's literature is in the public domain.
Jump up ^ "Mickey Mouse". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Muppets". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Rugrats". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shrek". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shrek". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Seth Kelley (November 2, 2015). "Snoopy Honored With Star on Walk of Fame as 'Peanuts Movie' Opens". Variety. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Snow White". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tinker Bell". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Winnie the Pooh". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Woody Woodpecker". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Lassie". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Rin Tin Tin". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Strongheart". Hollywood Chamber of Commerce. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
External links[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_fictional_characters_with_stars_on_the_Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame&oldid=822400292"
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Eye of a needle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For similar uses, see Eye of the Needle (disambiguation).
Eye of a needle
The eye of a needle is the part of a sewing needle formed into a loop for pulling thread, located at the end opposite from the point. These loops are often in the shape of an eye.
Contents
[hide]
1 Aphorisms
1.1 Judaism
1.2 Christianity
1.2.1 Gate
1.3 Islam
2 See also
3 References
4 External links
Aphorisms[edit]
Judaism[edit]
The Babylonian Talmud applies the aphorism to unthinkable thoughts. To explain that dreams reveal the thoughts of a man's heart, the product of reason rather than the absence of it, some rabbis say:
They do not show a man a palm tree of gold, nor an elephant going through the eye of a needle.[1]
A Midrash on the Song of Songs uses the phrase to speak of God's willingness and ability beyond comparison, to accomplish the salvation of a sinner:
The Holy One said, open for me a door as big as a needle's eye and I will open for you a door through which may enter tents and [camels?].[2]
Rav Sheishet of Nehardea applies the same aphorism to the convoluted reasoning for which the sages of Pumbedita were evidently famous: "Are you from Pumbedita, where they push an elephant through the eye of a needle?" (Baba Metzia, 38b).
Christianity[edit]
A church portal relief in Dortmund referencing Jesus's use of "camel through the eye of a needle" aphorism.
Dromedary passing through the eye of a needle, symbol of the improbable Peace of Westphalia. Engraving. Johann Vogel: Meditationes emblematicae de restaurata pace Germaniae, 1649.
"The eye of a needle" is scripture quoting Jesus recorded in the synoptic gospels:
I tell you the truth, it is hard for a rich man to enter the kingdom of heaven. Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God. When the disciples heard this, they were greatly astonished and asked, “Who then can be saved?” Jesus looked at them and said, “With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.” Matthew 19:23-26
Parallel versions appear in Mark 10:24-27, and Luke 18:24-27.
The saying was a response to a young rich man who had asked Jesus what he needed to do in order to inherit eternal life. Jesus replied that he should keep the commandments, to which the man stated he had done. Jesus responded, "If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven. Then come, follow me." The young man became sad and was unwilling to do this. Jesus then spoke this response, leaving his disciples astonished.
Cyril of Alexandria claimed that "camel" is a Greek misspelling; that kamêlos (camel) was a written in place of kamilos, meaning "rope" or "cable".[2][3]
Schopenhauer, in The World as Will and Representation, Volume 1, § 68, quoted Matthew 19:24. "Es ist leichter, daß ein Ankertau durch ein Nadelöhr gehe, denn daß ein Reicher ins Reich Gottes komme." This is translated into English as "It is easier for an anchor cable to go through an eye of a needle than for a rich person to come to God’s kingdom."
Gate[edit]
The "Eye of the Needle" has been claimed to be a gate in Jerusalem, which opened after the main gate was closed at night. A camel could only pass through this smaller gate if it was stooped and had its baggage removed. This story has been put forth since at least the 15th century, and possibly as far back as the 9th century. However, there is no widely accepted evidence for the existence of such a gate.[4][5]
Islam[edit]
According to the English interpretation of the Quran:
To those who reject Our signs and treat them with arrogance, no opening will there be of the gates of heaven, nor will they enter the garden, until the camel [or cable[6]] can pass through the eye of the needle: Such is Our reward for those in sin.[7]
See also[edit]
Christian views on poverty and wealth
Eyelet
Simple living
References[edit]
Jump up ^ B.T. Berakhot 55b
^ Jump up to: a b "'The camel and the eye of the needle', Matthew 19:24, Mark 10:25, Luke 18:25". Hebrew New Testament Studies. Retrieved 21 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Manlio Simonetti - 2002 -"Cyril of Alexandria: By "camel" here he means not the living thing, the beast of burden, but the thick rope to which ... "This interpretation — "rope" (kamilos) and not "camel" (kamelos) — rests on the homonymic character of the two .."
Jump up ^ Егор Розенков, Верблюд и игольное ушко // Духовный вестник высшей школы, № 8 (24), 01.09.2007
Jump up ^ Morris, Leon (1992). The Gospel according to Matthew. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. p. 493. ISBN 978-0-8511-1338-8.
Jump up ^ Edward Lane's Arabic-English lexicon.
Jump up ^ Al-Araf (The Heights) 7:40
"Through the eye of a needle." are the first words in The Aglet Song in Phineas and Ferb Episode "Tip of the Day".
External links[edit]
"What's the meaning of Jesus' teaching about the camel going through the eye of a needle?" from The Straight Dope
Tampa Christian Singles quotes this scripture on their website.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eye_of_a_needle&oldid=786941620"
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