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Endless Love (2014 film)
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Endless Love
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Shana Feste
Produced by
Scott Stuber
Pamela Abdy
Josh Schwartz
Stephanie Savage
Screenplay by
Shana Feste
Joshua Safran
Based on
Endless Love
by Scott Spencer
Starring
Alex Pettyfer
Gabriella Wilde
Bruce Greenwood
Joely Richardson
Robert Patrick
Music by
Christophe Beck
Cinematography
Andrew Dunn
Edited by
Maryann Brandon
Production
company
Bluegrass Films
Fake Empire Productions
Distributed by
Universal Pictures
Release date
February 14, 2014 (2014-02-14)
Running time
105 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$20 million[2]
Box office
$34.7 million[3]
Endless Love is a 2014 American romantic drama film directed by Shana Feste and co-written by Feste with Joshua Safran. A second adaptation of Scott Spencer's novel, the film stars Alex Pettyfer, Gabriella Wilde, Bruce Greenwood, Joely Richardson, and Robert Patrick.
The film was released on February 14, 2014 by Universal Pictures in the US and UK, and on February 13, 2014 in Australia.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
4 Differences between the film and the novel
5 Release
6 Reception
7 Soundtrack
8 References
9 External links
Plot[edit]
Beautiful-but-shy Atlanta native Jade Butterfield, age 17, has not made any friends throughout her four years of high school. She has missed a social life in favor of studies, wanting to do well in memory of her eldest brother Chris - who died from cancer. David Elliot, another graduating senior, has had a crush on her since they were both freshmen, yet he never had the courage to act on said crush.
Jade - along with her elder brother Keith, and their parents Hugh and Anne - stop at an upscale restaurant where David works as a parking valet. When Jade drops her (empty) yearbook, David retrieves it, mentions that they were classmates and agrees to sign it. Inside the restaurant, Jade asks her parents for a graduation party. When Anne and Hugh approve, Jade excitedly invites David. David thrills Jade by taking her on a brief joyride in the car of a snobby guest - partly in retaliation for the guest's demeaning behavior toward David's best friend Mace, another valet. David punches the client when he insults Jade; this gets David and Mace fired, but wins Jade's appreciation.
Jade's party disappoints her at first. Then David arrives and informs Jade their classmates are attending another graduation party, one being held that same evening by his former girlfriend Jenny. David gets a large crowd of their peers to attend Jade's party by calling in a false noise complaint to the police. Bonding that night, Jade and David sneak into a closet where they share a kiss. Hugh gathers everybody together for a speech about how proud he is of Jade. When called for, Jade sheepishly comes out of the closet followed by David. Her father completes the toast and then politely asks them all to leave.
David introduces himself and apologizes to Hugh for making such a bad first impression. David makes it clear how much he cares for Jade - who secretly listens to this conversation from inside the house, and who is delighted by his words. As David leaves, Jade runs after him for a passionate kiss.
David, who works at his widowed father Harry's garage, tries to please Hugh by fixing Chris's broken car. Ironically, Hugh is the only one not pleased by David's gesture. Anne invites David to dinner, over which Hugh reveals that Jade is soon leaving for an internship. When asked of his future plans, David states that - despite scoring high on his SATs - his main goal is to keep working as an auto mechanic and to find true love with "the" girl. While Anne is impressed, Hugh finds it unrealistic. As David is leaving, Jade throws him a paper plane from her balcony - asking him to come back when the lights are off. He does so and finds Jade waiting for him in a sheer negligee by the fireplace. David assures her they can wait, but Jade insists that "I want to feel this with you," and the two have sex.
Jade explains to David that she cannot pass up the internship, for which she's leaving in ten days. They agree to make the most of their remaining time together. A montage shows them enjoying each other’s company with reckless abandon. After what was intended to be their final evening together, Jade decides to spend the summer with him. When she explains this change of heart to her father, Hugh knows it’s because of David and is furious.
The next morning, Jade's father announces that the family is going to their lake house - obviously to keep her and David away from each other. She invites David, who indeed shows up; he is welcomed with open arms by everybody except Hugh, who demands that David leave. Jade makes it very clear that she wants David to stay. When Hugh talks with Anne about Jade's uncharacteristically bold self-assertiveness, Anne is pleased to see their daughter truly happy for the first time since they buried Chris. When David is convinced to apply for college, Anne writes a letter of recommendation in order to bolster his admission. That night, David is shocked to find Hugh cheating on his wife in the garage. The next morning, Hugh intimidates David into remaining quiet about the affair.
Mace, the Butterfield siblings, David, and Keith's girlfriend Sabine sneak into a local zoo after hours for a night of fun. To get even with David for sabotaging her graduation party, Jenny informs the police about said break-in. David lets the police catch him so that the others can escape. Hugh agrees to bail David out, on the condition that Jade leaves as planned for her internship. When Hugh tells David that his relationship with Jade is over, David speculates on what Hugh's family would think of him for his cheating. Hugh counters this by revealing that David's late mother cheated on Harry shortly before her death. In the process, Hugh manipulates David into punching him. Returning home, Hugh proclaims that David is out of control.
Jade seeks out David to learn his side of things. Mace, figuring that David could use a sympathetic ear, invites Jenny over for lunch; as luck would have it, Jade shows up just as David and Jenny are in the middle of a chat. Jumping to the wrong conclusion, Jade accuses David of not having it in him to do what is necessary for maintaining a relationship like theirs. She drives off in a fit and is slammed from the side by another car.
At the hospital, Hugh gives Harry a copy of the restraining order which is to keep David away from Jade. Harry protests, but to no effect. Jade wakes up, having suffered only minor injuries. She wants to see David, realizing now that he was never unfaithful to her and never would be. Jade goes to the Elliot residence, but Harry won't let her inside since doing so would land David in prison.
Over the next few months, David and Jade each try to move on with their lives - including seeing other people - but neither is happy. Then David runs into Anne at a bookstore. She tells him that she's always admired his and Jade's love for each other. Anne arranges for David to meet her daughter at the airport, when Jade comes home for the holidays. The teenagers reaffirm their love, and Jade plans to move in with David that night, while Anne confronts Hugh about his obsession with destroying David's life. Anne learns that Hugh prevented her recommendation letter for David from being sent out to college. Anne makes clear her disapproval of what Hugh has let himself become in the years since Chris's untimely demise.
In the shrine that was his brother's bedroom, Keith and Sabine enjoy records from Chris's collection - despite Hugh's orders never to do so. Discovering this, Hugh reams Sabine and his son for their defiance. Keith, who angrily seconds his mom's feelings about what losing Chris has done to Hugh, announces that he's moving out of the Butterfield residence and in with Sabine; Anne goes with them. Hugh finds Jade preparing to go off with David, who is waiting outside. Hugh furiously attacks David with a baseball bat, accusing the younger man of generating a rift between him, his wife, and their children. Jade rushes to David's defense, proclaiming that it was not him but Hugh himself who tore their family apart.
As the defeated Hugh returns inside, a smoke alarm goes off. A candle, which was knocked over during Hugh's confrontation with Jade in Chris's room, has started a fire. Just as David and Jade are leaving, they see the Butterfield house in flames. David rushes inside as Hugh struggles to rescue his late son's belongings from the bedroom, which is now an inferno. When David is knocked unconscious by a backdraft, Hugh leaves Chris’s possessions behind and instead helps David out of the burning house. Both men put aside their differences, Hugh having finally recovered from his son's death.
Anne and Hugh amicably get a separation. Jade visits Chris's grave, en route to meeting David at the airport. They fly to meet Sabine and Keith in California. To David and Jade's surprise, they are welcomed as Maid of Honor and Best Man for Keith and Sabine's private wedding. Both couples celebrate on the beach, where they camp for the night. Jade and David share a bedroll, gazing contentedly at the stars overhead. Jade fondly recalls how her first love - the relationship she shares with David - was everything all at once, the kind of undying love that is worth fighting for.
Cast[edit]
Alex Pettyfer as David Elliot
Gabriella Wilde as Jade Butterfield
Bruce Greenwood as Hugh Butterfield
Joely Richardson as Anne Butterfield
Robert Patrick as Harry Elliot
Rhys Wakefield as Keith Butterfield
Dayo Okeniyi as Mace
Emma Rigby as Jenny
Anna Enger as Sabine
Patrick Johnson as Chris Butterfield
Alexandra Bartee as Kelly
Sharon Conley as Dr. Edie Watanabe
Stephanie Northrup as Dawn Besser
Matthew Withers as Miles
Production[edit]
Emma Roberts was originally offered the role of Jade, but turned it down. Sophie Lowe, Gabriella Wilde, Sarah Bolger and Olivia Cooke were on the final shortlist for the role, with Wilde ultimately being cast.
Principal photography began in May 2013 in Georgia.[4] Filming wrapped in July 2013. Scenes were shot in Savannah, Georgia, Fayette County, Georgia, Butts County, Georgia at Lake Jackson, and at the Atlanta Botanical Garden.[5]
Differences between the film and the novel[edit]
[citation needed]
The novel and film differ in several respects.
In the novel, David purposely starts the fire which destroys the Butterfields' house. In the film, Hugh starts the fire by accident.
Hugh does not die in the film; in fact, he and David save each other's lives during the climactic fire sequence.
Jenny, Mace, and Sabine are not mentioned in the novel.
In the film, David is arrested for breaking and entering, but he is never sent to a psychiatric hospital. However, both he and Jade seek counseling in the wake of Hugh's restraining order.
The novel is set in Chicago, NYC and Vermont. The film is set in Atlanta.
At the film's end, Jade happily reunites with David; it is implied, but never specified, that they have married since then.
In the novel, Jade ultimately moves to Europe with her new husband (not David). In the film, she and David move to California for Keith and Sabine's wedding.
In the novel, Keith introduces David and Jade to each other. In the film, the lovers meet by a twist of fate.
In the film, David's last name is Elliot; in the novel, it is Axelrod.
Hugh does not cheat on Anne in the novel, nor do they divorce.
In the novel, Jade and Keith's younger brother is Sammy; in the film, their late elder brother was Chris.
In the film, David's father is a widowed auto mechanic; in the novel, both of David's parents are alive and work as political activists.
The novel begins with Jade, David, and Keith still in high school. The film begins with David and Jade graduating high school.
Release[edit]
The first trailer was released on December 23, 2013.[6]
Reception[edit]
Like the first film version, Endless Love has received negative reviews from film critics. Criticism was mainly made towards the many liberties taken with the original source material. The film currently holds a 15% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 85 reviews with the consensus:[7] "Blander than the original Endless Love and even less faithful to the source material, this remake is clichéd and unintentionally silly." On Metacritic, the film has a score of 30 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews" from critics.[8] The film was not a box office success, earning a domestic gross of $23,438,250, barely over its estimated production budget of $20 million.
In 2013, after reading the screenplay for the film, Scott Spencer - the author of the novel on which the film was based - wrote that "It’s about one hundred pages, and the only ones that were not dreary were sciatica inducing".[9] In 2014 he wrote that his novel "has been even more egregiously and ridiculously misunderstood" in making the remake than in the 1981 film.[10]
Film historian Leonard Maltin was actually kinder to the remake, giving it 2 out of a possible 4 stars (he declared its 1981 predecessor a bomb). Yet he also said it was "Mediocre...This is sure to connect with its target audience - and it's Oscar-worthy compared to the 1981 version - but it remains overwrought and pointless for fans of the novel. Moreover, Lionel Richie's smash-hit title song (the only memorable thing about the first film) is sorely missed here."
Soundtrack[edit]
End title track "Don't Find Another Love" was sung by Tegan and Sara and written by Golden Globe award-winning composer Julie Frost. Singer/songwriter Skylar Grey's cover of Robert Palmer's "Addicted to Love" was used for the trailer of the film.[11] In addition, the song "Explosions" by Ellie Goulding was used in trailers adapted as television commercials.[12] Another song which was taken is the track "Pumpin Blood" by the Swedish dance-pop trio NONONO.[13]
Director Shana Feste had considered using the original film's iconic theme song in one scene but eventually decided against it.[14]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "ENDLESS LOVE (12A)". Universal Pictures. British Board of Film Classification. January 27, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'RoboCop,' 'About Last Night' likely no match for 'Lego Movie' - Los Angeles Times". Latimes.com. 2014-02-13. Retrieved 2014-06-07.
Jump up ^ "Endless Love (2014) (2014)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2015-11-28.
Jump up ^ "‘Endless Love’, starring Alex Pettyfer, filming in Georgia". OnLocationVacations.com. Retrieved May 30, 2013.
Jump up ^ Brett, Jennifer (July 17, 2013). ""Endless Love" wraps with scene at Atlanta Botanical Garden". AccessAtlanta.com. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Endless Love Official International Trailer (2014) - Alex Pettyfer Romantic Drama HD". YouTube. 2013-12-23. Retrieved 2014-02-11.
Jump up ^ "Endless Love (2014) Release". rottentomatoes.com. 15 February 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Endless Love Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved October 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ Spencer, Scott (September 10, 2013). "Spoiler Alert". The Paris Review. Paris. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Appelo, Tim (February 14, 2014). "'Endless Love' Author Trashes Remake: 'Stick With the Paperback'". The Hollywood Reporter. Hollywood. Retrieved June 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ 10/17/13 (2013-10-17). ""'Endless Love'" | Movie Trailer". MTV. Retrieved 2014-02-11.
Jump up ^ "Endless Love - Trailer". YouTube. 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2014-02-11.
Jump up ^ Soundtrack on iTunes
Jump up ^ IAR EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: DIRECTOR SHANA FESTE TALKS 'ENDLESS LOVE'
External links[edit]
Endless Love on IMDb
Endless Love at Box Office Mojo
Endless Love at Rotten Tomatoes
Endless Love at Metacritic
[hide]
v
t
e
Shana Feste
Director
The Greatest (2009)
Country Strong (2010)
Endless Love (2014)
Boundaries (2017)
Screenwriter only
You're Not You (2014)
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Forrest Gump
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about the film. For other uses, see Forrest Gump (disambiguation).
Forrest Gump
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Robert Zemeckis
Produced by
Wendy Finerman
Steve Tisch
Steve Starkey
Screenplay by
Eric Roth
Based on
Forrest Gump
by Winston Groom
Starring
Tom Hanks
Robin Wright
Gary Sinise
Mykelti Williamson
Sally Field
Music by
Alan Silvestri
Cinematography
Don Burgess
Edited by
Arthur Schmidt
Distributed by
Paramount Pictures
Release date
June 23, 1994 (1994-06-23) (Los Angeles)
July 6, 1994 (1994-07-06) (United States)
Running time
142 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$55 million[1]
Box office
$677.9 million[1]
Forrest Gump is a 1994 American comedy-drama film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom. The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis and stars Tom Hanks, Robin Wright, Gary Sinise, Mykelti Williamson, and Sally Field. The story depicts several decades in the life of Forrest Gump, a slow-witted but kind-hearted, good-natured and athletically prodigious man from Alabama, who witnesses, and in some cases influences, some of the defining events of the latter half of the 20th century in the United States; more specifically, the period between Forrest's birth in 1944 and 1982. The film differs substantially from Winston Groom's novel, including Gump's personality and several events that were depicted.
Principal photography took place in late 1993, mainly in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Extensive visual effects were used to incorporate the protagonist into archived footage and to develop other scenes. A comprehensive soundtrack was featured in the film, using music intended to pinpoint specific time periods portrayed on screen. Its commercial release made it a top-selling soundtrack, selling over 12 million copies worldwide.
Released in the United States on July 6, 1994, Forrest Gump became a commercial success as the top-grossing film in North America released in that year, being the first major success for Paramount Pictures since the studio's merger with Viacom, earning over US$677 million worldwide during its theatrical run. In 1995, it won the Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director for Robert Zemeckis, Best Actor for Tom Hanks, Best Adapted Screenplay for Eric Roth, Best Visual Effects, and Best Film Editing. It also garnered multiple other awards and nominations, including Golden Globes, People's Choice Awards, and Young Artist Awards, among others. Since the film's release, varying interpretations have been made of the film's protagonist and its political symbolism. In 1996, a themed restaurant, Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, opened based on the film and has since expanded to many locations worldwide. The scene of Gump running across the country is often referred to when real-life people attempt the feat.[2] In 2011, the Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Script
3.2 Filming
3.3 Visual effects
4 Release
4.1 Critical reception
4.2 Box office performance
4.3 Home media
4.4 Accolades
5 Author controversy
6 Symbolism
6.1 Feather
6.2 Political interpretations
7 Soundtrack
8 Proposed sequel
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
In 1981, Forrest Gump recounts his life story to strangers who sit next to him on a bench in Savannah, Georgia.
On his first day of school in 1950s Greenbow, Alabama, Forrest meets a girl named Jenny Curran who, unlike the other children, immediately befriends young Forrest. Due to leg braces fitted to correct a curved spine, Forrest is unable to walk properly. One day, a young truck driver stays at the boarding house that Forrest lives in with his mother. The young truck driver turns out to be Elvis Presley who, while playing guitar for him, becomes enthralled at the jerky hip thrusting movements the hobbled Forrest makes while trying to dance. Later on, Elvis becomes famous by imitating the dance.
Forrest is often bullied because of his physical disability and marginal intelligence. One day, while trying to escape some bullies chasing him, his braces fall off revealing the young Forrest to be a very fast runner. Despite his low intelligence quotient, Forrest's new running ability leads to him receiving a football scholarship to the University of Alabama in the early 1960s, becoming a top running back, being named on the All-American team, and meeting President John F. Kennedy. After his college graduation, he enlists in the US Army, where he befriends a fellow soldier named Bubba, who convinces Forrest to go into the shrimping business with him when the war is over. In 1967, they are sent to Vietnam and, during an ambush, Bubba is killed in action. Forrest saves many of his platoon, including his Lieutenant, Dan Taylor, who loses both his legs. Forrest is awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism.
While Forrest is in recovery for a gunshot wound to his buttocks received while saving his platoon-mates, he discovers a talent for ping pong. He becomes a ping pong celebrity and plays competitively against Chinese teams in ping pong diplomacy. At an anti-war rally in Washington, D.C., Forrest briefly reunites with Jenny, who has been living a hippie lifestyle. While in D.C. in 1972, Forrest meets president Richard Nixon and is put up in the Watergate hotel, where he accidentally reveals the Watergate scandal, ultimately forcing Nixon to resign.
Returning home, Forrest endorses a company that makes ping pong paddles. He uses the earnings to buy a shrimping boat, fulfilling his promise to Bubba. Taylor joins Forrest in 1974, and although they initially have little success, after their boat becomes the only one to survive Hurricane Carmen, they pull in huge amounts of shrimp. They use their income to purchase a fleet of shrimp boats. Dan invests the money in Apple Computer (which Forrest naively thinks is "some kind of fruit company") and Forrest is financially secure for the rest of his life, but gives half of his earnings to Bubba's family. He then returns home to see his mother's last days.
In the late 1970s, Jenny returns to visit Forrest and he soon proposes to her. She declines, but slips into his bedroom and makes love to him that night before leaving early the next morning. Heartbroken, Forrest elects to go for a run. He decides to keep running across the country several times, over three and a half years, becoming famous in the process.
In the present, Forrest reveals that he is waiting at the bus stop because he received a letter from Jenny who, having seen him run on television, asked him to visit her. Reunited with Jenny, she introduces him to his son, named Forrest Gump, Jr. Jenny tells Forrest she is sick with an unknown virus. The three move back to Greenbow, Alabama. Jenny and Forrest finally marry but she dies a year later. Forrest and his son await the school bus on Forrest Jr.'s first day of school.
Cast[edit]
Tom Hanks (left) and Gary Sinise on the film set in 1993
Tom Hanks as Forrest Gump: Though at an early age he is deemed to have a below average IQ of 75, he has an endearing character and shows devotion to his loved ones and duties, character traits which bring him into many life-changing situations. Along the way, he encounters many historical figures and events throughout his life. Tom's younger brother Jim Hanks is his acting double in the movie for the scenes when Forrest runs across the U.S. Tom's daughter Elizabeth Hanks appears in the movie as the girl on the school bus who refuses to let young Forrest (Michael Conner Humphreys) sit next to her. John Travolta was the original choice to play the title role, and admits passing on the role was a mistake.[4][5][6] Bill Murray and Chevy Chase were also considered for the role.[7] Sean Penn stated in an interview having been second choice for the role. Hanks revealed that he signed onto the film after an hour and a half of reading the script.[8] He initially wanted to ease Forrest's pronounced Southern accent, but was eventually persuaded by director Robert Zemeckis to portray the heavy accent stressed in the novel.[8] Hanks agreed to take the role only on the condition that the film was historically accurate.
Michael Conner Humphreys portrayed the young Forrest Gump. Hanks revealed in interviews that after hearing Michael's unique accented drawl, he incorporated it into the older character's accent. Winston Groom, who wrote the original novel, describes the film as having taken the "rough edges" off of the character, and envisioned him being played by John Goodman.[9]
Robin Wright as Jenny Curran: Forrest's childhood friend with whom he immediately falls in love, and never stops loving throughout his life. A victim of child sexual abuse at the hands of her bitterly widowed father, Jenny embarks on a different path from Forrest, leading a self-destructive life and becoming part of the hippie movement in the 1960s and the 1970s/1980s drug culture. She re-enters Forrest's life at various times in adulthood. Jenny eventually becomes a waitress in Savannah, Georgia, where she lives in an apartment with her (and Forrest's) son, Forrest Jr. They eventually get married, but soon afterwards she dies of an unnamed illness, but given the time period, the movie's propensity for showing the major aspects of U.S. culture, and the character's depicted actions during the 60s and 70s, it can be speculated that she died of AIDS or Hepatitis C.
Hanna R. Hall portrayed the young Jenny.
Gary Sinise as Lieutenant Dan Taylor: Forrest and Bubba Blue's platoon leader during the Vietnam War, whose ancestors have died in every U.S. war and who regards it as his destiny to do the same. After losing his legs in an ambush and being rescued against his will by Forrest, he is initially bitter and antagonistic towards Forrest for leaving him a "cripple" and denying him his family's destiny, falling into a deep depression. He later serves as Forrest's first mate at the Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, gives most of the orders, becoming wealthy with Forrest, and regains his will to live. He ultimately forgives and thanks Forrest for saving his life. By the end of the film, he is engaged to be married and is sporting "magic legs" – titanium alloy prosthetics which allow him to walk again.
Mykelti Williamson as Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue: Bubba was originally supposed to be the senior partner in the Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, but due to his death in Vietnam, their platoon leader, Dan Taylor, took his place. The company posthumously carried his name. Forrest later gave Bubba's mother Bubba's share of the business. Throughout filming, Williamson wore a lip attachment to create Bubba's protruding lip.[10] David Alan Grier, Ice Cube and Dave Chappelle were all offered the role but turned it down.[7][11] Chappelle said he believed the film would be unsuccessful, and also acknowledged that he regrets not taking the role.[7]
Sally Field as Mrs. Gump: Field reflected on the character, "She's a woman who loves her son unconditionally. … A lot of her dialogue sounds like slogans, and that's just what she intends."[12]
Haley Joel Osment as Forrest Gump, Jr.: Osment was cast in the film after the casting director noticed him in a Pizza Hut commercial.[13]
Peter Dobson as Elvis: Although Kurt Russell was uncredited, he provided the voice for Elvis in the scene.[14]
Dick Cavett as himself: Cavett played a version of himself in the 1970s, with makeup applied to make him appear younger. Consequently, Cavett is the only well-known figure in the film to play a cameo role rather than be represented through the use of archival footage like John Lennon or President John F. Kennedy[15]
Sonny Shroyer as Coach Paul "Bear" Bryant
Grand L. Bush, Michael Jace, Conor Kennelly, and Teddy Lane Jr. as the Black Panthers
Production[edit]
Script[edit]
Main article: Forrest Gump (novel)
"The writer, Eric Roth, departed substantially from the book. We flipped the two elements of the book, making the love story primary and the fantastic adventures secondary. Also, the book was cynical and colder than the movie. In the movie, Gump is a completely decent character, always true to his word. He has no agenda and no opinion about anything except Jenny, his mother and God."
—director Robert Zemeckis[16]
The film is based on the 1986 novel by Winston Groom. Both center on the character of Forrest Gump. However, the film primarily focuses on the first eleven chapters of the novel, before skipping ahead to the end of the novel with the founding of Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. and the meeting with Forrest, Jr. In addition to skipping some parts of the novel, the film adds several aspects to Gump's life that do not occur in the novel, such as his needing leg braces as a child and his run across the United States.[17]
Gump's core character and personality are also changed from the novel; among other things his film character is less of an autistic savant—in the novel, while playing football at the university, he fails craft and gym, but receives a perfect score in an advanced physics class he is enrolled in by his coach to satisfy his college requirements.[17] The novel also features Gump as an astronaut, a professional wrestler, and a chess player.[17]
Two directors were offered the opportunity to direct the film before Robert Zemeckis was selected. Terry Gilliam turned down the offer.[18] Barry Sonnenfeld was attached to the film, but left to direct Addams Family Values.[19]
Filming[edit]
The shrimping boat Jenny used in the film.
Filming began in August 1993 and ended in December of that year.[20] Although most of the film is set in Alabama, filming took place mainly in and around Beaufort, South Carolina, as well as parts of coastal Virginia and North Carolina,[8] including a running shot on the Blue Ridge Parkway.[21] Downtown portions of the fictional town of Greenbow were filmed in Varnville, South Carolina.[22] The scene of Forrest running through Vietnam while under fire was filmed on Fripp Island, South Carolina.[23] Additional filming took place on the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina, and along the Blue Ridge Parkway near Boone, North Carolina. The most notable place was Grandfather Mountain where a part of the road is named "Forrest Gump Curve".[24] The Gump family home set was built along the Combahee River near Yemassee, South Carolina, and the nearby land was used to film Curran's home as well as some of the Vietnam scenes.[25] Over 20 palmetto trees were planted to improve the Vietnam scenes.[25] Forrest Gump narrated his life's story at the southern edge of Chippewa Square in Savannah, Georgia, as he sat at a bus stop bench. There were other scenes filmed in and around the Savannah area as well, including a running shot on the Richard V. Woods Memorial Bridge in Beaufort while he was being interviewed by the press, and on West Bay Street in Savannah.[25] Most of the college campus scenes were filmed in Los Angeles at the University of Southern California. The lighthouse that Forrest runs across to reach the Atlantic Ocean the first time is the Marshall Point Lighthouse in Port Clyde, Maine. Additional scenes were filmed in Arizona, Utah's Monument Valley, and Montana's Glacier National Park.[citation needed]
Visual effects[edit]
Gump with President John F. Kennedy. A variety of visual effects were used to incorporate Tom Hanks into archive footage with various historical figures and events.
Ken Ralston and his team at Industrial Light & Magic were responsible for the film's visual effects. Using CGI techniques, it was possible to depict Gump meeting deceased personages and shaking their hands. Hanks was first shot against a blue screen along with reference markers so that he could line up with the archive footage.[26] To record the voices of the historical figures, voice actors were filmed and special effects were used to alter lip-syncing for the new dialogue.[16] Archival footage was used and with the help of such techniques as chroma key, image warping, morphing, and rotoscoping, Hanks was integrated into it.
Extensive visual effects were used to create the scene of the napalm bombing.
In one Vietnam War scene, Gump carries Bubba away from an incoming napalm attack. To create the effect, stunt actors were initially used for compositing purposes. Then, Hanks and Williamson were filmed, with Williamson supported by a cable wire as Hanks ran with him. The explosion was then filmed, and the actors were digitally added to appear just in front of the explosions. The jet fighters and napalm canisters were also added by CGI.[27]
The CGI removal of actor Gary Sinise's legs, after his character had them amputated, was achieved by wrapping his legs with a blue fabric, which later facilitated the work of the "roto-paint" team to paint out his legs from every single frame. At one point, while hoisting himself into his wheelchair, his legs are used for support.[28]
The scene where Forrest spots Jenny at a peace rally at the Lincoln Memorial and Reflecting Pool in Washington, D.C., required visual effects to create the large crowd of people. Over two days of filming, approximately 1,500 extras were used.[29] At each successive take, the extras were rearranged and moved into a different quadrant away from the camera. With the help of computers, the extras were multiplied to create a crowd of several hundred thousand people.[8][29]
Release[edit]
Critical reception[edit]
The film received generally positive reviews. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 72% of critics gave the film a positive review, with an average rating of 7.2/10, based on a sample of 85 reviews. Its consensus states "Forrest Gump may be an overly sentimental film with a somewhat problematic message, but its sweetness and charm are usually enough to approximate true depth and grace."[30] At the website Metacritic, the film earned a rating of 82/100 based on 19 reviews by mainstream critics.[31] CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[32]
The story was commended by several critics. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "I've never met anyone like Forrest Gump in a movie before, and for that matter I've never seen a movie quite like 'Forrest Gump.' Any attempt to describe him will risk making the movie seem more conventional than it is, but let me try. It's a comedy, I guess. Or maybe a drama. Or a dream. The screenplay by Eric Roth has the complexity of modern fiction...The performance is a breathtaking balancing act between comedy and sadness, in a story rich in big laughs and quiet truths...What a magical movie."[33] Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote that the film "has been very well worked out on all levels, and manages the difficult feat of being an intimate, even delicate tale played with an appealingly light touch against an epic backdrop."[34] The film did receive notable pans from several major reviewers. Anthony Lane of The New Yorker called the film "Warm, wise, and wearisome as hell."[35] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly said that the film "reduces the tumult of the last few decades to a virtual-reality theme park: a baby-boomer version of Disney's America."[36]
Critics have compared Gump with various characters and people including Huckleberry Finn, Bill Clinton, and Ronald Reagan.[37][38][39] Peter Chomo writes that Gump acts as a "social mediator and as an agent of redemption in divided times".[40] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called Gump "everything we admire in the American character – honest, brave, and loyal with a heart of gold."[41] The New York Times reviewer Janet Maslin called Gump a "hollow man" who is "self-congratulatory in his blissful ignorance, warmly embraced as the embodiment of absolutely nothing."[42] Marc Vincenti of Palo Alto Weekly called the character "a pitiful stooge taking the pie of life in the face, thoughtfully licking his fingers."[43] Bruce Kawin and Gerald Mast's textbook on film history notes that Forrest Gump's dimness was a metaphor for glamorized nostalgia in that he represented a blank slate by which the Baby Boomer generation projected their memories of those events.[44]
The film is commonly seen as a polarizing one for audiences, with Entertainment Weekly writing in 2004, "Nearly a decade after it earned gazillions and swept the Oscars, Robert Zemeckis's ode to 20th-century America still represents one of cinema's most clearly drawn lines in the sand. One half of folks see it as an artificial piece of pop melodrama, while everyone else raves that it's sweet as a box of chocolates."[45]
Box office performance[edit]
Produced on a budget of $55 million, Forrest Gump opened in 1,595 theaters in its first weekend of domestic release, earning $24,450,602.[1] Motion picture business consultant and screenwriter Jeffrey Hilton suggested to producer Wendy Finerman to double the P&A (film marketing budget) based on his viewing of an early print of the film. The budget was immediately increased, per his advice. The film placed first in the weekend's box office, narrowly beating The Lion King, which was in its fourth week of release.[1] For the first ten weeks of its release, the film held the number one position at the box office.[46] The film remained in theaters for 42 weeks, earning $329.7 million in the United States and Canada, making it the fourth-highest-grossing film at that time (behind only E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Star Wars IV: A New Hope, and Jurassic Park).[46][47] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 78.5 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[48]
The film took 66 days to surpass $250 million and was the fastest grossing Paramount film to pass $100 million, $200 million, and $300 million in box office receipts (at the time of its release).[49][50][51] The film had gross receipts of $329,694,499 in the U.S. and Canada and $347,693,217 in international markets for a total of $677,387,716 worldwide.[1] Even with such revenue, the film was known as a "successful failure"—due to distributors' and exhibitors' high fees, Paramount's "losses" clocked in at $62 million, leaving executives realizing the necessity of better deals.[52] This has, however, also been associated with Hollywood accounting, where expenses are inflated in order to minimize profit sharing. It is Robert Zemeckis' highest-grossing film to date.
Home media[edit]
Forrest Gump was first released on VHS tape on April 27, 1995, as a two-disc Laserdisc set on April 28, 1995, (including the "Through the Eyes of Forrest" special feature), before being released in a two-disc DVD set on August 28, 2001. Special features included director and producer commentaries, production featurettes, and screen tests.[53] The film was released on Blu-ray disc in November 2009.[54]
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Forrest Gump
Forrest Gump won Best Picture, Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Director, Best Visual Effects, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Film Editing at the 67th Academy Awards. The film was nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards, winning three of them: Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, Best Director – Motion Picture, and Best Motion Picture – Drama. The film was also nominated for six Saturn Awards and won two for Best Fantasy Film and Best Supporting Actor (Film).
In addition to the film's multiple awards and nominations, it has also been recognized by the American Film Institute on several of its lists. The film ranks 37th on 100 Years...100 Cheers, 71st on 100 Years...100 Movies, and 76th on 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition). In addition, the quote "Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get," was ranked 40th on 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes.[55] The film also ranked at number 240 on Empire's list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time.[56]
In December 2011, Forrest Gump was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry.[57] The Registry said that the film was "honored for its technological innovations (the digital insertion of Gump seamlessly into vintage archival footage), its resonance within the culture that has elevated Gump (and what he represents in terms of American innocence) to the status of folk hero, and its attempt to engage both playfully and seriously with contentious aspects of the era's traumatic history."[58]
American Film Institute Lists
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #71
AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:
Forrest Gump – Nominated Hero
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
"Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get." – #40
"Mama says, 'Stupid is as stupid does.'" – Nominated
AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #37
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – #76
AFI's 10 Top 10 – Nominated Epic Film
Author controversy[edit]
Winston Groom was paid $350,000 for the screenplay rights to his novel Forrest Gump and was contracted for a 3 percent share of the film's net profits.[59] However, Paramount and the film's producers did not pay him, using Hollywood accounting to posit that the blockbuster film lost money. Tom Hanks, by contrast, contracted for a percent share of the film's gross receipts instead of a salary, and he and director Zemeckis each received $40 million.[59][60] Additionally, Groom was not mentioned once in any of the film's six Oscar-winner speeches.[61]
Groom's dispute with Paramount was later effectively resolved after Groom declared he was satisfied with Paramount's explanation of their accounting, this coinciding with Groom receiving a seven-figure contract with Paramount for film rights to another of his books, Gump & Co.[62]
Symbolism[edit]
Feather[edit]
"I don't want to sound like a bad version of 'the child within'. But the childlike innocence of Forrest Gump is what we all once had. It's an emotional journey. You laugh and cry. It does what movies are supposed to do: make you feel alive."
—producer Wendy Finerman[39]
Various interpretations have been suggested for the feather present at the opening and conclusion of the film. Sarah Lyall of The New York Times noted several suggestions made about the feather: "Does the white feather symbolize the unbearable lightness of being? Forrest Gump's impaired intellect? The randomness of experience?"[63] Hanks interpreted the feather as: "Our destiny is only defined by how we deal with the chance elements to our life and that's kind of the embodiment of the feather as it comes in. Here is this thing that can land anywhere and that it lands at your feet. It has theological implications that are really huge."[64] Sally Field compared the feather to fate, saying: "It blows in the wind and just touches down here or there. Was it planned or was it just perchance?"[65] Visual effects supervisor Ken Ralston compared the feather to an abstract painting: "It can mean so many things to so many different people."[66]
Political interpretations[edit]
In Tom Hanks' words, "The film is non-political and thus non-judgmental."[39] Nevertheless, in 1994, CNN's Crossfire debated whether the film promoted conservative values or was an indictment of the counterculture movement of the 1960s. Thomas Byers, in a Modern Fiction Studies article, called the film "an aggressively conservative film".[67]
"...all over the political map, people have been calling Forrest their own. But, Forrest Gump isn't about politics or conservative values. It's about humanity, it's about respect, tolerance and unconditional love."
—producer Steve Tisch[67]
It has been noted that while Gump follows a very conservative lifestyle, Jenny's life is full of countercultural embrace, complete with drug usage, promiscuity, and antiwar rallies, and that their eventual marriage might be a kind of reconciliation.[33] Jennifer Hyland Wang argued in a Cinema Journal article that Jenny's death to an unnamed virus "...symbolizes the death of liberal America and the death of the protests that defined a decade [1960s]." She also notes the film's screenwriter, Eric Roth, when developing the screenplay from the novel, had "...transferred all of Gump's flaws and most of the excesses committed by Americans in the 1960s and 1970s to her [Jenny]."[40]
Other commentators believe the film forecast the 1994 Republican Revolution and used the image of Forrest Gump to promote movement leader Newt Gingrich's traditional, conservative values. Jennifer Hyland Wang observes the film idealizes the 1950s, as made evident by the lack of "whites only" signs in Gump's southern childhood, and "revisions" the 1960s as a period of social conflict and confusion. She argues this sharp contrast between the decades criticizes the counterculture values and reaffirms conservatism.[68] As viewed by political scientist Joe Paskett,[35] this film is "one of the best films of all time".[69] Wang argued the film was used by Republican politicians to illustrate a "traditional version of recent history" to gear voters towards their ideology for the congressional elections.[40] In addition, presidential candidate Bob Dole cited the film's message in influencing his campaign due to its "...message that has made [the film] one of Hollywood's all-time greatest box office hits: no matter how great the adversity, the American Dream is within everybody's reach."[40]
In 1995, National Review included Forrest Gump in its list of the "Best 100 Conservative Movies" of all time.[70] Then, in 2009, the magazine ranked the film number four on its 25 Best Conservative Movies of the Last 25 Years list.[71] "Tom Hanks plays the title character, an amiable dunce who is far too smart to embrace the lethal values of the 1960s. The love of his life, wonderfully played by Robin Wright Penn, chooses a different path; she becomes a drug-addled hippie, with disastrous results."[71]
James Burton, a communication arts professor at Salisbury University, argued that conservatives claimed Forrest Gump as their own due less to the content of the film and more to the historical and cultural context of 1994. Burton claimed the film's content and advertising campaign were affected by the cultural climate of the 1990s, which emphasized family values and "American values"—values epitomized in the successful book Hollywood vs. America. He claimed this climate influenced the apolitical nature of the film, which allowed for many different political interpretations.[72]
Burton points out that many conservative critics and magazines (John Simon, James Bowman, the World Report) initially either criticized the film or praised it only for its non-political elements. Only after the popularity of the film was well-established did conservatives embrace the film as an affirmation of traditional values. Burton implies the liberal-left could have prevented the conservatives from claiming rights to the film, had it chosen to vocalize elements of the film such as its criticism of military values. Instead, the liberal-left focused on what the film omitted, such as the feminist and civil rights movements.[72]
Some commentators see the conservative readings of Forrest Gump as indicants of the death of irony in American culture. Vivian Sobchack notes that the film's humor and irony relies on the assumption of the audience's historical (self-) consciousness.[72]
Soundtrack[edit]
Main articles: Forrest Gump (soundtrack) and Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score
The 32-song soundtrack from the film was released on July 6, 1994. With the exception of a lengthy suite from Alan Silvestri's score, all the songs are previously released; the soundtrack includes songs from Elvis Presley, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Aretha Franklin, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Three Dog Night, The Byrds, The Beach Boys, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, The Doors, The Mamas & the Papas, The Doobie Brothers, Simon & Garfunkel, Bob Seger, and Buffalo Springfield among others. Music producer Joel Sill reflected on compiling the soundtrack: "We wanted to have very recognizable material that would pinpoint time periods, yet we didn't want to interfere with what was happening cinematically."[73] The two-disc album has a variety of music from the 1950s–1980s performed by American artists. According to Sills, this was due to Zemeckis' request, "All the material in there is American. Bob (Zemeckis) felt strongly about it. He felt that Forrest wouldn't buy anything but American."[73]
The soundtrack reached a peak of number 2 on the Billboard album chart.[73] The soundtrack went on to sell twelve million copies, and is one of the top selling albums in the United States.[74] The score for the film was composed and conducted by Alan Silvestri and released on August 2, 1994.
Proposed sequel[edit]
Main article: Gump and Co.
The screenplay for the sequel was written by Eric Roth in 2001. It is based on the original novel's sequel, Gump and Co. written by Winston Groom in 1995. Roth's script begins with Forrest sitting on a bench waiting for his son to return from school. After the September 11 attacks, Roth, Zemeckis, and Hanks decided the story was no longer "relevant."[75] In March 2007, however, it was reported Paramount producers took another look at the screenplay.[76]
On the very first page of the sequel novel, Forrest Gump tells readers "Don't never let nobody make a movie of your life's story," though "Whether they get it right or wrong, it doesn't matter."[77] The first chapter of the book suggests the real-life events surrounding the film have been incorporated into Forrest's storyline, and that Forrest got a lot of media attention as a result of the film.[17] During the course of the sequel novel, Gump runs into Tom Hanks and at the end of the novel in the film's release, including Gump going on The David Letterman Show and attending the Academy Awards.
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Jump up ^ "Fastest to $300 million". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ McDonald, Paul, and Janet Wasko. The Contemporary Hollywood Film Industry. Malden: Blackwell, 2008. Pg:79 #
Jump up ^ Lowman, Rob (August 28, 2001). "Video Enchanted Forrest the Much-beloved "Forrest Gump" Arrives on DVD with Sweetness Intact" (Fee required). Beacon Journal. Retrieved July 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ Schweiger, Arlen (June 23, 2009). "Paramount Saves Top Titles for Blu-ray 'Sapphire' Treatment". Electronic House. Archived from the original on October 21, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years... The Complete Lists". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved July 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ Braund, Simon; et al. "Empire's 500 Greatest Movies Of All Time". Empire. Retrieved November 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Nuckols, Ben (December 28, 2011). "Forrest Gump, Hannibal Lecter join film registry". Associated Press. Cox Newspapers. Archived from the original on January 11, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "2011 National Film Registry More Than a Box of Chocolates". Library of Congress. December 28, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Horn, John (May 25, 1995). "'Forrest Gump' Has Yet to Make a Net Profit". The Journal Record. FindArticles. Retrieved July 1, 2009. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Davis, Charles E. (Summer 1997). "Accounting is like a box of chocolates: A lesson in cost behavior". Journal of Accounting Education. 15 (3): 307–318. doi:10.1016/S0748-5751(97)00008-0.
Jump up ^ Turan, Kenneth (March 28, 1995). "Calender Goes to the Oscars Analysis Life Is Like a Box of Oscars But Statues Are Divvied Up, Quite Fittingly" (Fee required). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
Jump up ^ "'Gump' Author Settles Fight With Studio". San Francisco Chronicle (June 15, 1995). Retrieved on June 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Lyall, Sarah (July 31, 1994). "It's 'Forrest Gump' vs. Harrumph". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 22, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Forrest Gump-(Through the eyes of Forrest Gump) (DVD). Paramount Pictures. August 28, 2001. Event occurs at 23:27.
Jump up ^ Forrest Gump-(Through the eyes of Forrest Gump) (DVD). Paramount Pictures. August 28, 2001. Event occurs at 23:57.
Jump up ^ Forrest Gump-(Through the eyes of Forrest Gump) (DVD). Paramount Pictures. August 28, 2001. Event occurs at 26:29.
^ Jump up to: a b Byers, Thomas B. (1996). "History Re-Membered: Forrest Gump, Postfeminist Masculinity, and the Burial of the Counterculture". Modern Fiction Studies. 42 (2): 419–444. doi:10.1353/mfs.1995.0102. Retrieved July 2, 2009.
Jump up ^ Wang, Jennifer (Spring 2000). ""A Struggle of Contending Stories": Race, Gender, and Political Memory in "Forrest Gump"". Cinema Journal. 39 (3): 92–115. doi:10.1353/cj.2000.0009.
Jump up ^ Gordinier, Jeff (February 10, 1995). "Mr. Gump Goes to Washington". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on October 22, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Quillen, Ed (May 7, 1995). "Why are modern conservatives so enchanted with Forrest Gump?". Denver Post.
^ Jump up to: a b Miller, John J. (February 23, 2009). "The Best Conservative Movies". National Review. Archived from the original on October 26, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c Burton, James Amos (September 2007). "Film, History and Cultural Memory: Cinematic Representations of Vietnam-Era America During the Culture Wars, 1987–1995". PhD Thesis.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rice, Lynette (August 14, 1994). "Songs Set the Mood for 'Gump'". Gainesville Sun. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Top Albums at the Recording Industry Association of America". Recording Industry Association of America. Archived from the original on June 19, 2004. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
Jump up ^ Sciretta, Peter (December 7, 2008). "9/11 Killed the Forrest Gump Sequel". /Film. Archived from the original on October 22, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Tyler, Josh (March 7, 2007). "Forrest Gump Gets A Sequel". Cinema Blend. Archived from the original on October 22, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ Groom, Winston (1996). Gump & Co. Pocket Books. p. 1. ISBN 0-671-52264-7.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Forrest Gump.
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values: ფორესტ გამპი (ფილმი) – Mingrelian

values: Форрест Гамп – Mongolian

values: फरेस्ट गम्प – Nepali

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values: فورسټ ګمپ – Pashto

values: Форрест Гамп – Russian

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values: Форест Гамп – Serbian

values: ஃபாரஸ்ட் கம்ப் (திரைப்படம்) – Tamil

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values: Форрест Гамп – Ukrainian

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