text:
Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte
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For other uses, see Hush... Hush, Sweet Charlotte (disambiguation).
Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte
Promotional poster
Directed by
Robert Aldrich
Produced by
Robert Aldrich
Written by
Henry Farrell
Lukas Heller
Starring
Bette Davis
Olivia de Havilland
Joseph Cotten
Agnes Moorehead
Cecil Kellaway
Mary Astor
Music by
Frank De Vol
Cinematography
Joseph Biroc
Edited by
Michael Luciano
Production
company
The Associates and Aldrich
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
December 15, 1964 (1964-12-15)
Running time
133 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$2,235,000[1]
Box office
$4,000,000 (US/Canada) (rentals)[2]
79,168 admissions (France)[3]
Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte is a 1964 American psychological thriller film directed and produced by Robert Aldrich,[4] and starring Bette Davis, Olivia de Havilland, Joseph Cotten, Agnes Moorehead and Mary Astor in her final film role.[5]
The movie was adapted for the screen by Henry Farrell and Lukas Heller, from Farrell's unpublished short story "What Ever Happened to Cousin Charlotte?" It received seven Academy Award nominations.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Principal cast
3 Production
4 Critical reception
5 Accolades
6 Home media releases
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Plot summary[edit]
In 1927, young Southern belle Charlotte Hollis (Bette Davis) and her married lover John Mayhew (Bruce Dern) plan to elope during a party at the Hollis family's antebellum mansion in Ascension Parish, Louisiana. Charlotte's father (Victor Buono) confronts John over the affair and intimidates him with the news that John's wife Jewel (Mary Astor) visited the day before and revealed the affair. John pretends to Charlotte that he no longer loves her and that they must part.
John is then brutally decapitated in the summerhouse with a cleaver, with one hand severed. Charlotte discovers his body. She returns traumatized to the party in a bloody dress, and most of the guests assume Charlotte is the murderer.
The story jumps to 1964. Charlotte is now a wealthy[spinster, still living on the plantation that has been in her family for generations. Charlotte's father died the year after Mayhew's murder, believing his daughter guilty. Throughout the years, Charlotte believed her father killed John Mayhew. Everyone else assumes that Charlotte, the crazy recluse, decapitated her lover.
The Louisiana Highway Commission intends to demolish her house and build a new highway through the plantation. Charlotte refuses to leave and ignores the eviction notice. She keeps the foreman (George Kennedy), his demolition crew, and the bulldozer away by shooting at them with a rifle. They temporarily give up and leave.
Charlotte is living alone as a virtual recluse in the Hollis mansion, tended by Velma (Agnes Moorehead), her housekeeper. Seeking help in her fight against the Highway Commission, she calls upon Miriam (Olivia de Havilland), a poor cousin who lived with the family as a girl, but has since moved to New York City and has become wealthy. Miriam renews her relationship with Drew Bayliss (Joseph Cotten), a local doctor who jilted her after the murder.
Charlotte's sanity deteriorates with Miriam's arrival, her nights haunted by a mysterious harpsichord playing the song Mayhew wrote for her and by the appearance of Mayhew's disembodied hand and head. Suspecting that Miriam and Drew are after Charlotte's money, Velma seeks help from Mr. Willis (Cecil Kellaway), an insurance investigator who is still interested in the Mayhew case and who has visited Mayhew's ailing widow Jewel.
Miriam fires Velma, who later returns to discover that Charlotte is being drugged. Miriam sees the housekeeper trying to take Charlotte out of the house. The two argue at the top of the stairs. Velma tries to escape, but knowing that Velma has discovered the drugs, Miriam smashes a chair over her head. Velma falls down the stairs to her death.
One night, a drugged Charlotte runs downstairs in the grip of a hallucination, believing John has returned to her. Miriam and Drew trick Charlotte into shooting Drew with a gun loaded with blanks, and then Miriam helps dispose of the "body" in a swamp. Charlotte returns to the house and sees the supposedly dead Drew at the top of the stairs, reducing her to whimpering insanity.
Now believing Charlotte completely mad and secure in her room, Miriam and Drew go into the garden to discuss their plan: to drive Charlotte insane to get her money. Miriam also tells Drew that back in 1927 she saw Jewel murder her husband. She's been using this knowledge to blackmail Jewel throughout the years while plotting to gain possession of Charlotte's wealth.
Charlotte overhears the plan. She moves toward a huge stone urn on the ledge of the balcony directly over the lovers' heads. Miriam embraces Drew, then she looks up and becomes paralyzed by the sight of Charlotte's tipping the stone urn off the ledge, crushing both to death.
The next morning the authorities take Charlotte away. Many neighbors and locals gather at the Hollis home to watch the proceedings, believing that crazy Charlotte has murdered again, although some are complimentary and sympathetic toward her. Willis hands her an envelope from the now-dead Jewel Mayhew, who had a stroke after hearing of the incident the previous night. The envelope contains Jewel's confession to the murder of her husband. As the authorities drive Charlotte away, she looks back at her beloved plantation.
Principal cast[edit]
Bette Davis as Charlotte Hollis
Olivia de Havilland as Miriam Deering
Joseph Cotten as Doctor Drew Bayliss
Agnes Moorehead as Velma Cruther
Cecil Kellaway as Harry Willis
Mary Astor as Jewel Mayhew
Victor Buono as Big Sam Hollis
Wesley Addy as Sheriff Luke Standish
William Campbell as Paul Merchand
Bruce Dern as John Mayhew
Frank Ferguson as editor
George Kennedy as the foreman
Percy Helton as funeral director
Carol Delay as Geraldine
Idell James as Ginny Mae
Robert Adler as Mr. Howard
Ellen Corby, Marianne Stewart and Helen Kleeb as the town gossips
Lillian Randolph, Geraldine West and Maye Henderson as the cleaning women
Production[edit]
Following the unexpected box-office success of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962), director Robert Aldrich wanted to make a film on similar themes that reunited stars Joan Crawford and Bette Davis. Writer Henry Farrell, on whose novel the film had been based, had written an unpublished short story called "What Ever Happened to Cousin Charlotte?" that seemed to make an excellent followup. It told a similar story of a woman who manipulates a relative for personal gain, but for this film, Aldrich's idea was that the two actresses would switch the roles from the previous one, with Crawford playing the devious cousin trying to manipulate the innocent Davis into giving up her estate.[6]
However, Davis was incensed when Crawford accepted Anne Bancroft's Oscar for The Miracle Worker on the absent winner's behalf at that year's ceremony, an award for which Davis had been nominated but not Crawford. She believed Crawford had somehow ensured Bancroft would win so she could upstage her costar and rival. After asking Aldrich if he had been having a sexual relationship with Crawford (much as Crawford had asked the director the same question about him and Davis before Baby Jane), she agreed to take the role only if she got a producing credit.[6]
Aware of this, Crawford was convinced that Davis was trying to undermine her in retaliation for the Oscar-night humiliation. Her suspicions only increased when no one came to pick her up at the airport in Baton Rouge for the film's principal photography at the location shooting. At that time, Davis was asking crew members to decide whether they were with her or Crawford, and wound up with support from those who had disliked Crawford’s imperious behavior on the shoot. On the last day of filming on location, Crawford, who had gone back to her trailer and fallen asleep in case she was needed for anything extra, awoke to find everyone had left her behind, having gone back to the hotel after wrapping.[6]
Crawford was convinced Davis had engineered this, and upon returning to Hollywood where production was to continue on set, announced after one day that she was sick—at first a ploy to get changes made to the script, but then she actually convinced herself she was sick. Production was suspended to allow her to recover, and she returned for a day, but then after two months, during which a private investigator trailed her to see whether she was really sick or not, the producers were told that either Crawford would be replaced or the production would be canceled. After Aldrich spent four days at Olivia de Havilland's home in Switzerland, she agreed to take the part. Crawford later complained that she only learned of her firing during the news on the radio.[6]
Three other cast members from What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? did appear in Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte: Wesley Addy, Dave Willock (as a taxi driver) and Victor Buono. The cast also included Mary Astor, a friend and former co-worker of Davis' during her time at Warner Bros.[4]
Scenes outside the Hollis mansion were shot on location at Houmas House plantation in Louisiana.[7][8] The inside scenes were shot on a soundstage in Hollywood.
Critical reception[edit]
Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte was another hit for Aldrich, opening to positive reviews. A pan, however, came from The New York Times. Bosley Crowther observed, "So calculated and coldly carpentered is the tale of murder, mayhem and deceit that Mr. Aldrich stages in this mansion that it soon appears grossly contrived, purposely sadistic and brutally sickening. So, instead of coming out funny, as did Whatever Happened to Baby Jane?, it comes out grisly, pretentious, disgusting and profoundly annoying."[9]
Variety's reviewer wrote: "Davis' portrayal is reminiscent of Jane in its emotional overtones, in her style of characterization of the near-crazed former Southern belle, aided by haggard makeup and outlandish attire. It is an outgoing performance, and she plays it to the limit. De Havilland, on the other hand, is far more restrained but nonetheless effective dramatically in her offbeat role."[10]
Time Out London observed: "Over the top, of course, and not a lot to it, but it's efficiently directed, beautifully shot, and contains enough scary sequences amid the brooding, tense atmosphere. Splendid performances from Davis and Moorehead, too."[11]
Judith Crist wrote about the film, "The guignol is about as grand as it gets."
Kenneth Tynan asserted that "(Davis) has done nothing better since The Little Foxes."
The film maintains a rating of 85% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 20 reviews.[12]
Accolades[edit]
Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte received Academy Award nominations for the following:
Best Supporting Actress (Agnes Moorehead)
Best Art Direction (Black-and-White) (William Glasgow and Raphaël Bretton for set decoration)
Best Black-and-White Cinematography (Joseph Biroc)
Best Costume Design Black-and-White (Norma Koch)
Best Film Editing (Michael Luciano)
Best Original Score (Frank De Vol)
Best Song (Frank De Vol and Mack David).[13]
Moorehead won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. Farrell and Heller won a 1965 Edgar Award, from the Mystery Writers of America, for Best Motion Picture Screenplay. The title song became a hit for Patti Page, who took it to no. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100. The film's seven Oscar nominations were the most for a movie of the horror genre up to that time.
Home media releases[edit]
Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte was first released on DVD on August 9, 2005. It was re-released on April 8, 2008 as part of The Bette Davis Centenary Celebration Collection 5-DVD box-set.[14]
On October 17, 2016, Hush...Hush Sweet Charlotte was released onto high-definition Blu-ray by Twilight Time as a 3,000-print limited edition.[15]
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1964
Psycho-biddy
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Aubrey Solomon, Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History, Scarecrow Press, 1989 p254
Jump up ^ This figure consists of anticipated rentals accruing distributors in North America. See "Big Rental Pictures of 1965", Variety, January 5, 1966, p. 6 and Solomon, p. 229. Please note figures are rentals, not total gross.
Jump up ^ French box office results for Robert Aldrich films at Box Office Story (in French)
^ Jump up to: a b "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964) – Overview". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Erickson, Hal. "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte". Allmovie. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Longworth, Karina (March 10, 2017). "Did Bette and Joan Really Have a Feud?". Slate. Retrieved March 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Houmas House Plantation – 40136 Highway 942, Burnside, Louisiana, USA". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Movies Filmed Here". Houmas House Plantation and Gardens. Retrieved March 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Movie Review – Hush Hush Sweet Charlotte – New Movie at Capitol Echoes Baby Jane". The New York Times. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ Variety staff. "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte". Variety. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte". Time Out London. Retrieved February 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte". Retrieved May 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte". The New York Times. Retrieved December 25, 2008.
Jump up ^ ASIN B0012KSUTK
Jump up ^ "Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte (Blu-ray)". Twilight Time Movies. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
External links[edit]
Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte on IMDb
Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte at AllMovie
Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte at the TCM Movie Database
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Robert Aldrich
Big Leaguer (1953)
World for Ransom (1954)
Apache (1954)
Vera Cruz (1954)
Kiss Me Deadly (1955)
The Big Knife (1955)
Autumn Leaves (1956)
Attack (1956)
Ten Seconds to Hell (1959)
The Angry Hills (1959)
The Last Sunset (1961)
Sodom and Gomorrah (1962)
What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962)
4 for Texas (1963)
Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964)
The Flight of the Phoenix (1965)
The Dirty Dozen (1967)
The Legend of Lylah Clare (1968)
The Killing of Sister George (1968)
Too Late the Hero (1970)
The Grissom Gang (1971)
Ulzana's Raid (1972)
Emperor of the North Pole (1973)
The Longest Yard (1974)
Hustle (1975)
Twilight's Last Gleaming (1977)
The Choirboys (1977)
The Frisco Kid (1979)
...All the Marbles (1981)
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Edgar Award-winning works
Films about murder
Films based on short fiction
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Cilium
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about organelles. For fine hairs on insect wings, see Cilium (entomology).
Not to be confused with Psyllium.
Cilium
SEM micrograph of the cilia projecting from respiratory epithelium in the lungs
Details
Identifiers
Latin
Cilium
TH
H1.00.01.1.01014
Anatomical terms of microanatomy
[edit on Wikidata]
A cilium (from Latin, meaning 'eyelash';[1] the plural is cilia) is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Cilia are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.[2]
There are two types of cilia: motile cilia and nonmotile, or primary, cilia, which typically serve as sensory organelles. In eukaryotes, motile cilia and flagella together make up a group of organelles known as undulipodia.[3] Eukaryotic cilia are structurally identical to eukaryotic flagella, although distinctions are sometimes made according to function and/or length.[4] Biologists have various ideas about how the various flagella may have evolved.
Contents
[hide]
1 Types
1.1 Primary/Immotile cilia
1.2 Motile cilia
2 Structure
2.1 Ciliary rootlet
3 Development
4 Function
4.1 Sensing the extracellular environment
5 Clinical significance
5.1 Ciliopathy as an origin for many multi-symptom genetic diseases
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Types[edit]
Cilia can be divided into primary forms and motile forms.[5]
Primary/Immotile cilia[edit]
In animals, primary cilia are found on nearly every cell.[2]
In comparison to motile cilia, non-motile (or primary) cilia usually occur one per cell; nearly all mammalian cells have a single non-motile primary cilium. In addition, examples of specialized primary cilia can be found in human sensory organs such as the eye and the nose:
The outer segment of the rod photoreceptor cell in the human eye is connected to its cell body with a specialized non-motile cilium.[6]
The dendritic knob of the olfactory neuron, where the odorant receptors are located, also contains non-motile cilia (about 10 cilia per dendritic knob).
Although the primary cilium was discovered in 1898, it was largely ignored for a century. Only recently has great progress been made in understanding the function of the primary cilium. Until the 1990s, the prevailing view of the primary cilium was that it was merely a vestigial organelle without important function.[2] Recent findings regarding its physiological roles in chemical sensation, signal transduction, and control of cell growth, have led scientists to acknowledge its importance in cell function, with the discovery of its role in diseases not previously recognized to involve the dysgenesis and dysfunction of cilia, such as polycystic kidney disease,[7] congenital heart disease,[8] and an emerging group of genetic ciliopathies.[9] The primary cilium is now known to play an important role in the function of many human organs.[2] The current scientific understanding of primary cilia views them as "sensory cellular antennae that coordinate a large number of cellular signaling pathways, sometimes coupling the signaling to ciliary motility or alternatively to cell division and differentiation.".[10]
Illustration depicting motile cilia.
Motile cilia[edit]
Larger eukaryotes, such as mammals, have motile cilia as well. Motile cilia are usually present on a cell's surface in large numbers and beat in coordinated waves.[11]
In humans, for example, motile cilia are found in the lining of the trachea (windpipe), where they sweep mucus and dirt out of the lungs.[12]
In female mammals, the beating of cilia in the Fallopian tubes moves the ovum from the ovary to the uterus.[12][13]
The functioning of motile cilia is strongly dependent on the maintenance of optimal levels of fluid bathing the cilia. Epithelial sodium channels ENaC that are specifically expressed along the entire length of cilia apparently serve as sensors that regulate fluid level surrounding the cilia.[12][14]
Ciliates are microscopic organisms that possess motile cilia exclusively and use them for either locomotion or to simply move liquid over their surface.
Structure[edit]
Eukaryotic motile cilium
Inside cilia and flagella is a microtubule-based cytoskeleton called the axoneme. The axoneme of primary cilia typically has a ring of nine outer microtubule doublets (called a 9+0 axoneme), and the axoneme of a motile cilium has two central microtubule singlets in addition to the nine outer doublets (called a 9+2 axoneme). The axonemal cytoskeleton acts as a scaffolding for various protein complexes and provides binding sites for molecular motor proteins such as kinesin II, that help carry proteins up and down the microtubules.[2][15][16] On the outside of cilia is a membrane like the plasma membrane, but compositionally distinct due to a blocking ring ("necklace") around the base,[17] and distinct also in its population of receptors and other integral proteins.
Ciliary rootlet[edit]
The ciliary rootlet is a cytoskeleton-like structure that originates from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium. It extends proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm. According to the Gene Ontology, the following proteins localize to the ciliary rootlet: amyloid precursor protein, rootletin, kinesins (KIF5B, KIF5C, KLC2, KLC3), and presenilins (PSEN1, PSEN2).[18]
Development[edit]
Cilia are formed through the process of ciliogenesis. The building blocks of the cilia such as tubulins and other partially assembled axonemal proteins are added to the ciliary tips which point away from the cell body.[19] In most species bi-directional motility called intraflagellar transport (IFT) plays an essential role in moving these building materials from the cell body to the assembly site.[20] IFT also carries the disassembled material to be recycled from the ciliary tip back to the cell body. By regulating the equilibrium between these two IFT processes, the length of cilia can be maintained dynamically. Disassembly of cilia requires the action of the Aurora A kinase .[21]
Exceptions where IFT is not present include Plasmodium falciparum, which is one of the species of Plasmodium that cause malaria in humans. In this parasite, cilia assemble in the cytoplasm.[22]
At the base of the cilium where it attaches to the cell body is the microtubule organizing center, the basal body. Some basal body proteins as CEP164, ODF2 [23] and CEP170,[24] regulate the formation and the stability of the cilium. A transition zone between the basal body and the axoneme "serves as a docking station for intraflagellar transport and motor proteins."[2]
In effect, the cilium is a nanomachine composed of perhaps over 600 proteins in molecular complexes, many of which also function independently as nanomachines.[10]
Function[edit]
The dynein in the axoneme forms bridges between neighbouring microtubule doublets. When ATP activates the motor domain of dynein, it attempts to walk along the adjoining microtubule doublet. This would force the adjacent doublets to slide over one another if not for the presence of Nexin between the microtubule doublets. And thus the force generated by dyenin is instead converted into a bending motion.[25]
Sensing the extracellular environment[edit]
Some primary cilia on epithelial cells in eukaryotes act as cellular antennae, providing chemosensation, thermosensation and mechanosensation of the extracellular environment.[26] These cilia then play a role in mediating specific signalling cues, including soluble factors in the external cell environment, a secretory role in which a soluble protein is released to have an effect downstream of the fluid flow, and mediation of fluid flow if the cilia are motile.[26] Some epithelial cells are ciliated, and they commonly exist as a sheet of polarized cells forming a tube or tubule with cilia projecting into the lumen. This sensory and signalling role puts cilia in a central role for maintaining the local cellular environment and may be why ciliary defects cause such a wide range of human diseases.[27]
Clinical significance[edit]
Main article: Ciliopathy
Ciliary defects can lead to a number of human diseases. Genetic mutations compromising the proper functioning of cilia, ciliopathies, can cause chronic disorders such as primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), nephronophthisis or Senior-Loken syndrome. In addition, a defect of the primary cilium in the renal tube cells can lead to polycystic kidney disease (PKD). In another genetic disorder called Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), the mutant gene products are the components in the basal body and cilia.[9]
Lack of functional cilia in female Fallopian tubes can cause ectopic pregnancy. A fertilized ovum may not reach the uterus if the cilia are unable to move it there. In such a case, the ovum will implant in the Fallopian tubes, causing a tubal pregnancy, the most common form of ectopic pregnancy.[28]
As noted above, epithelial sodium channels ENaC that are expressed along the length of cilia regulate fluid level surrounding the cilia. Mutations that decrease the activity of ENaC result in multisystem pseudohypoaldosteronism, that is associated with fertility problems.[12] In cystic fibrosis that results from mutations in the chloride channel CFTR, ENaC activity is enhanced leading to a severe reduction of the fluid level that causes complications and infections in the respiratory airways.[14]
Since the flagellum of human sperm is actually a modified cilium, ciliary dysfunction can also be responsible for male infertility.[29]
Of interest, there is an association of primary ciliary dyskinesia with left-right anatomic abnormalities such as situs inversus (a combination of findings known as Kartagener's syndrome) and other heterotaxic defects. These left-right anatomic abnormalities can also result in congenital heart disease.[30] It has been shown that proper cilial function is responsible for the normal left-right asymmetry in mammals.[31]
Ciliopathy as an origin for many multi-symptom genetic diseases[edit]
Recent findings in genetic research have suggested that a large number of genetic disorders, both genetic syndromes and genetic diseases, that were not previously related in the medical literature, may be, in fact, highly related in the root cause of the widely varying set of medical symptoms that are clinically visible in the disorder. These have been grouped as an emerging class of diseases called ciliopathies. The underlying cause may be a dysfunctional molecular mechanism in the primary/immotile cilia, organelles which are present in many diverse cellular types throughout the human body. Cilia defects adversely affect numerous critical developmental signaling pathways essential to cellular development and thus offer a plausible hypothesis for the often multi-symptom nature of a large set of syndromes and diseases.[9] Known ciliopathies include primary ciliary dyskinesia, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, polycystic kidney and liver disease, nephronophthisis, Alstrom syndrome, Meckel-Gruber syndrome, Sensenbrenner syndrome and some forms of retinal degeneration.[9][26]
See also[edit]
Biological machines
Flagellum
Kinocilium
Mucociliary clearance
Protein domain dynamics
Protein flexibility
Stereocilia
Undulipodia
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Mosby’s Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Dictionary, Fourth Edition, Mosby-Year Book Inc., 1994, p. 336
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Gardiner, Mary Beth (September 2005). "The Importance of Being Cilia" (PDF). HHMI Bulletin. Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 18 (2). Retrieved 2008-07-26.
Jump up ^ A Dictionary of Biology , 2004, accessed 2010-04-06.
Jump up ^ Haimo LT, Rosenbaum JL (December 1981). "Cilia, flagella, and microtubules". J. Cell Biol. 91 (3 Pt 2): 125s–130s. doi:10.1083/jcb.91.3.125s. PMC 2112827  . PMID 6459327.
Jump up ^ Karen Field Murray (1 June 2009). Fibrocystic Diseases of the Liver. Springer. pp. 47–. ISBN 978-1-60327-523-1. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
Jump up ^ Wolfrum, U., & Schmitt, A. (2000). Rhodopsin transport in the membrane of the connecting cilium of mammalian photoreceptor cells. Cell motility and the cytoskeleton, 46(2), 95-107.
Jump up ^ Wagner CA (2008). "News from the cyst: insights into polycystic kidney disease". Journal of Nephrology. 21 (1): 14–6. PMID 18264930.
Jump up ^ Brueckner M (June 2007). "Heterotaxia, congenital heart disease, and primary ciliary dyskinesia". Circulation. 115 (22): 2793–5. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699256. PMID 17548739.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Badano JL, Mitsuma N, Beales PL, Katsanis N (2006). "The ciliopathies: an emerging class of human genetic disorders". Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics. 7: 125–48. doi:10.1146/annurev.genom.7.080505.115610. PMID 16722803.
^ Jump up to: a b Satir, Peter; Christensen, Søren T. (2008). "Structure and function of mammalian cilia". Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 129 (6): 687–93. doi:10.1007/s00418-008-0416-9. PMC 2386530  . PMID 18365235.
Jump up ^ Benjamin Lewin (2007). Cells. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 359. ISBN 978-0-7637-3905-8. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Enuka Y, Hanukoglu I, Edelheit O, Vaknine H, Hanukoglu A (Mar 2012). "Epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) are uniformly distributed on motile cilia in the oviduct and the respiratory airways". Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 137 (3): 339–53. doi:10.1007/s00418-011-0904-1. PMID 22207244.
Jump up ^ "Cilia in nature" (PDF). hitech-projects.com. 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
^ Jump up to: a b Hanukoglu I, Hanukoglu A (Jan 2016). "Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) family: Phylogeny, structure-function, tissue distribution, and associated inherited diseases". Gene. 579 (2): 95–132. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.061. PMC 4756657  . PMID 26772908.
Jump up ^ rosenbaum, JL; Witman G (November 2002). "Intraflagellar transport". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 3 (11): 813–25. doi:10.1038/nrm952. PMID 12415299.
Jump up ^ Scholey, JM (2008). "Intraflagellar transport motors in cilia: Moving along the cell's antenna". Journal of Cell Biology. 180 (1): 23–29. doi:10.1083/jcb.200709133. PMC 2213603  . PMID 18180368.
Jump up ^ Rohatgi, Rajat; Snell, William (2010). "The Ciliary Membrane". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 22 (4): 541–546. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2010.03.010. PMC 2910237  .
Jump up ^ "Ciliary Rootlet". Gene Ontology. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Johnson, KA; Rosenbaum, JL (1992). "Polarity of flagellar assembly in Chlamydomonas". Journal of Cell Biology. 119 (6): 1605–1611. doi:10.1083/jcb.119.6.1605. PMC 2289744  . PMID 1281816.
Jump up ^ Hao, L; Thein M; Brust-Mascher I; Civelekoglu-Scholey G; Lu Y; Acar S; Prevo B; Shaham S; Scholey JM (2011). "Intraflagellar transport delivers tubulin isotypes to sensory cilium middle and distal segments". Nature Cell Biology. 13 (7): 790–798. doi:10.1038/ncb2268. PMC 3129367  . PMID 21642982.
Jump up ^ Pugacheva EN, Jablonski SA, Hartman TR, Henske EP, Golemis EA (June 2007). "HEF1-dependent Aurora A activation induces disassembly of the primary cilium". Cell. 129 (7): 1351–63. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.04.035. PMC 2504417  . PMID 17604723.
Jump up ^ Of cilia and silliness (more on Behe) - The Panda's Thumb Archived 17 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Ishikawa H, Kubo A, Tsukita S, Tsukita S (May 2005). "Odf2-deficient mother centrioles lack distal/subdistal appendages and the ability to generate primary cilia". Nature Cell Biology. 7 (5): 517–24. doi:10.1038/ncb1251. PMID 15852003.
Jump up ^ "Functional characterisation of the centrosomal protein Cep170".
Jump up ^ Alberts, Bruce. Molecular Biology of the Cell.
^ Jump up to: a b c Adams, M.; Smith, U. M.; Logan, C. V.; Johnson, C. A. (2008). "Recent advances in the molecular pathology, cell biology and genetics of ciliopathies". Journal of Medical Genetics. 45 (5): 257–267. doi:10.1136/jmg.2007.054999. PMID 18178628.
Jump up ^ Singla, Veena; Reiter, Jeremy F. (August 2006). "The primary cilium as the cell's antenna: signaling at a sensory organelle". Science. 313 (5787): 629–633. doi:10.1126/science.1124534. PMID 16888132.
Jump up ^ Horne, Andrew W.; Critchley, Hilary O. D. (2012-03-02). "Mechanisms of disease: the endocrinology of ectopic pregnancy". Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine. 14: e7. doi:10.1017/erm.2011.2. ISSN 1462-3994. PMID 22380790.
Jump up ^ Ichioka K, Kohei N, Okubo K, Nishiyama H, Terai A (July 2006). "Obstructive azoospermia associated with chronic sinopulmonary infection and situs inversus totalis". Urology. 68 (1): 204.e5–7. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2006.01.072. PMID 16850538.
Jump up ^ Kennedy MP, Omran H, Leigh MW, et al. (June 2007). "Congenital heart disease and other heterotaxic defects in a large cohort of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia". Circulation. 115 (22): 2814–21. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.649038. PMID 17515466.
Jump up ^ McGrath J, Brueckner M (August 2003). "Cilia are at the heart of vertebrate left-right asymmetry". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 13 (4): 385–92. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(03)00091-1. PMID 12888012.
External links[edit]
Brief summary of importance of cilia to many organs in human physiology
The Ciliary Proteome Web Page at Johns Hopkins
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A Star Is Born (2018 film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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A Star Is Born
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Bradley Cooper
Produced by
Bill Gerber
Jon Peters[1]
Bradley Cooper
Todd Phillips
Lynette Howell Taylor[2]
Screenplay by
Eric Roth
Bradley Cooper
Will Fetters
Based on
A Star Is Born
by William A. Wellman
Robert Carson
Dorothy Parker
Alan Campbell
Starring
Bradley Cooper
Lady Gaga
Andrew Dice Clay
Dave Chappelle
Sam Elliott
Cinematography
Matthew Libatique[2]
Edited by
Jay Cassidy[2]
Production
companies
Warner Bros. Pictures
Live Nation Productions
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures
Gerber Pictures
Peters Entertainment[3]
Joint Effort[4]
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures[5]
Release date
August 31, 2018 (2018-08-31) (Venice)
October 5, 2018 (2018-10-05) (United States)
Running time
135 minutes[6]
Country
United States
Budget
$36–40 million[7][8]
Box office
$254.6 million[9]
A Star Is Born is a 2018 American music-themed romantic drama film produced and directed by Bradley Cooper (in his directorial debut) and written by Cooper, Eric Roth and Will Fetters. A remake of the 1937 film of the same name, it stars Cooper, Lady Gaga, Andrew Dice Clay, Dave Chappelle, and Sam Elliott, and follows a hard-drinking musician (Cooper) who discovers and falls in love with a young singer (Gaga). It marks the fourth remake of the original 1937 film, after the 1954 musical, the 1976 rock musical and the 2013 Bollywood romance film.
Talks of a remake of A Star Is Born began in 2011, with Clint Eastwood attached to direct and Beyoncé set to star. The film was in development hell for several years with various actors approached to co-star, including Christian Bale, Leonardo DiCaprio, Will Smith, and Tom Cruise. In March 2016, Cooper signed on to star and direct, and Lady Gaga joined the cast in August 2016. Principal photography began at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2017.
A Star Is Born premiered at the 75th Venice International Film Festival on August 31, 2018, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 5, 2018, by Warner Bros. The film has grossed over $254 million worldwide and received critical acclaim, with praise for Cooper, Gaga and Elliott's performances and Cooper's direction, as well as the screenplay, cinematography and music.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Music
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
5.3 Accolades
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Plot
Jackson Maine, a famous country music singer privately battling an alcohol and drug addiction, plays a concert in California. His main support is Bobby, his manager and significantly older half-brother. After the show, Jackson happens upon a drag bar where he witnesses a performance by Ally, a waitress and singer-songwriter. Jackson is amazed by her talent; they spend the night speaking to each other, where Ally discloses to him the troubles she has faced in pursuing a professional music career.
Jackson invites Ally to his next show. Despite her initial refusal she attends and, with Jackson's encouragement, sings on stage with him. Jackson invites Ally to go on tour with him, and they form a romantic relationship. In Arizona, Ally and Jackson visit the ranch where Jackson grew up and where his father is buried, only to discover that Bobby sold the land. Angered at his betrayal, Jackson punches Bobby, who subsequently quits as his manager. Before doing so, Bobby reveals that he did inform Jackson about the sale, but the latter was too inebriated to notice.
While on tour Ally meets Rez, a record producer who offers her a contract. Although visibly bothered, Jackson still supports her decision. Rez refocuses Ally away from country music and towards pop. Jackson misses one of Ally's performances after he passes out drunk in public; he recovers at the home of his friend Noodles, and later makes up with Ally. There he proposes to Ally with a ring made from a loop of guitar string, and they are married that same day.
During Ally's performance on Saturday Night Live, Bobby reconciles with Jackson. Later, Jackson and Ally fight after he drunkenly voices his disapproval of Ally's new image and music, which is nominated for Grammy Awards. At the Grammys, a visibly intoxicated Jackson performs in a tribute to Roy Orbison, and Ally wins the Best New Artist award. When she goes up on stage to receive her award, Jackson follows her, where he wets himself and passes out. Ally's father Lorenzo berates Jackson and Ally helps him sober up. Jackson joins a drug rehabilitation program shortly thereafter.
Jackson recovers in rehab, where he discloses to his counselor that he attempted suicide as a teenager. He tearfully apologizes to Ally for his behavior, and returns home. Ally wishes to bring Jackson to perform with her on the European leg of her tour; Rez refuses, prompting Ally to cancel the remainder of the tour so she can care for Jackson.
Rez later confronts Jackson, informing him of Ally's decision to cancel her tour and accusing him of holding Ally back. That evening, Ally lies to Jackson, and tells him that her record label has cancelled her tour so she can focus on her second album. Jackson promises that he will come to her concert that night, but after Ally leaves, he hangs himself in their garage.
Ally becomes inconsolable after Jackson's death. She is visited by Bobby, who explains Jackson's death was his own fault and not hers. Ally takes a song that Jackson had written but never performed and sings it at a tribute concert, introducing herself as Ally Maine.
Cast
Bradley Cooper as Jackson Maine, an established singer-songwriter and alcoholic. He is Ally's mentor and love interest.
Lady Gaga as Ally Campana-Maine, a nightclub singer-songwriter who is discovered by Jackson.
Sam Elliott as Bobby Maine, Jackson's older brother and manager.
Dave Chappelle as George "Noodles" Stone, Jackson's close friend, himself a retired musician.
Andrew Dice Clay as Lorenzo Campana, Ally's father.
Anthony Ramos as Ramon, Ally's friend.
Michael Harney as Wolfie, a limo driver and friend of Lorenzo.
Rafi Gavron as Rez Gavron, a music producer and Ally's manager.
Additionally, Rebecca Field appears as Gail, Shangela Laquifa Wadley as the drag bar emcee, Willam Belli as drag queen Emerald, Greg Grunberg as Jackson's driver Phil, and Ron Rifkin as Carl. Lukas Nelson & Promise of the Real appear as Jackson's band, Eddie Griffin appears as a local preacher and Luenell appears as a cashier. Marlon Williams, Brandi Carlile, Halsey, Alec Baldwin, and Don Roy King cameo as themselves.
Production
Development
In January 2011, it was announced that Clint Eastwood was in talks to direct Beyoncé in a third American remake of the 1937 film A Star Is Born; however, the project was delayed due to Beyoncé's pregnancy.[10] In April 2012, writer Will Fetters told Collider that the script was inspired by Kurt Cobain.[11] Talks with Christian Bale, Leonardo DiCaprio, Tom Cruise, Johnny Depp, and Will Smith to play the male lead failed to come to fruition. On October 9, 2012, Beyoncé left the project, and it was reported that Bradley Cooper was in talks to star. Eastwood was interested in Esperanza Spalding to play the female lead.[12]
On March 24, 2015, Warner Bros. announced that Cooper was in final talks to make his directorial debut with the film, and potentially to star with Beyoncé, who was again in talks to join;[13] Cooper did become the male lead.[14][15][16] On August 16, 2016, it was reported that Lady Gaga had officially become attached and the studio had green-lit the project to begin production early 2017.[17] It marks the fourth remake of the original 1937 film, after the 1954 musical, the 1976 rock musical and the 2013 Bollywood romance film.[18] On November 9, 2016, it was reported that Ray Liotta was in talks to join the film in the role of the manager to Cooper's character, though he ultimately was not involved.[19] On March 17, 2017, Sam Elliott joined the film,[20] with Andrew Dice Clay entering negotiations to play Lorenzo, the father of Lady Gaga's character.[21] Clay was selected over Robert De Niro, John Turturro and John Travolta.[22] In April 2017, Rafi Gavron, Michael Harney, and Rebecca Field also joined the cast.[23]
Filming began on April 17, 2017.[2] In May, Dave Chappelle was cast in the film.[24] In April 2018, it was announced that Halsey would have a small role.[25]
Music
Main article: A Star Is Born (2018 soundtrack)
After seeing him perform at Desert Trip festival, Cooper approached Lukas Nelson (son of country music singer Willie Nelson) and asked him to help work on the film. Nelson agreed and wrote several songs, which he sent to the producers.[26] Nelson subsequently met Lady Gaga and began writing songs with her and she, in turn, provided backing vocals on two tracks on his self-titled 2017 album.[27] The soundtrack, performed by Gaga and Cooper, was released on October 5, 2018, by Interscope Records. The studio announced that the album "features 19 songs in a wide range of musical styles + 15 dialogue tracks that will take you on a journey that mirrors the experience of seeing the film."[28]
Release
A Star Is Born had its world premiere at the Venice Film Festival on August 31, 2018.[29][30] It also screened at the Toronto International Film Festival,[31] the San Sebastián International Film Festival, and the Zurich Film Festival in September 2018.[32][33] The film was theatrically released in the United States on October 5, 2018,[34] distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures, after initially having been set for September 28, 2018, and May 18, 2018, releases.[35][36]
Reception
Box office
As of October 28, 2018[update], A Star Is Born has grossed $148.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $106 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $254.6 million, against a production budget of $36–40 million.[9]
In the United States and Canada, A Star Is Born grossed $1.35 million from select Tuesday and Wednesday night screenings, and $15.8 million on its first day, including $3.2 million from Thursday night previews. It went on to debut to $42.9 million for the weekend and finished second at the box office, behind fellow newcomer Venom.[8] The film remained in second place in its second, third and fourth weekends, grossing a respective $28 million, $19.3 million and $14.1 million.[37][38][39]
Outside North America, the film was released day-and-date with the U.S. in 31 other countries, and made $14.2 million in its opening weekend; its largest markets were the United Kingdom ($5.3 million), France ($2.1 million) and Germany ($1.9 million).[40]
Critical response
The performances of Bradley Cooper, Lady Gaga, and Sam Elliott (all three seen here at the film's screening at the 2018 Toronto International Film Festival), as well as Cooper's direction, garnered widespread critical acclaim.[41][42]
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, A Star Is Born holds an approval rating of 90% based on 394 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "With appealing leads, deft direction, and an affecting love story, A Star Is Born is a remake done right—and a reminder that some stories can be just as effective in the retelling."[43] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 88 out of 100, based on 60 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[44] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale,[45] while PostTrak reported film-goers gave it a 90% positive score.[8]
Alonso Duralde of TheWrap gave the film a positive review, saying, "Cooper and Lady Gaga are dynamite together; this is a story that lives and dies by the central relationship and the instant chemistry that must blossom between them, and these two have it in spades," and praised the musical numbers, describing them as "electrifying".[46] Owen Gleiberman of Variety lauded Cooper's directing, co-writing, and acting, and called the film "a transcendent Hollywood movie".[47] Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B+, singling out Gaga's performance, saying, "she deserves praise for her restrained, human-scale performance as a singer whose real-girl vulnerability feels miles away from the glittery meat-dress delirium of her own stage persona."[41] Stephanie Zacharek of Time magazine found the film superior to its previous iterations and similarly praised Cooper's direction, the writing, as well the performances and chemistry of Cooper and Gaga. She stated: "You come away feeling something for these people, flawed individuals who are trying to hold their cracked pieces of self together–or to mend the cracks of those they love," also describing Gaga's performance as a "knockout."[48]
In his review for Los Angeles Times, Justin Chang called the film "remarkable," and praised Cooper for his fresh take on the well-worn formula of 1937 film, as well his direction, the performances, writing, and the cinematography.[42] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 4.5 out of five stars, and deemed it as a "modern classic," hailing the performances of Cooper and Gaga, and Cooper's direction. He found the film's screenplay and the original songs "seamless" and "terrific," and also called the film a major Oscar contender of the year and one of the year's best films.[49] The Washington Post's Ann Hornaday described the film as "lavishly delightful" and "earthly convincing," and added that it "offers a suitably jaundiced glimpse of starmaking machinery at its most cynical, but also its most thrilling and gratifying." She similarly praised Cooper's direction, the performances and chemistry of Cooper and Gaga, and the supporting performances, particularly Andrew Dice Clay and Sam Elliott.[50]
While praising the direction, acting, and writing, Michael Phillips in the Chicago Tribune argues that a A Star is Born's formula has always been very seductive to audiences, even when it has been written poorly, and Cooper's few missteps include being a bit of a scene hog.[51] Admitting audiences love it, and he just liked it, Phillips drew attention to a skeptical review by Lindsey Romaine of Medium.com who criticized the story's marginalization of the Gaga character in dealing with Cooper's manipulative addict. She at least wanted a scene where Gaga's character processed her behavior of letting the addict boyfriend get away with it. Phillips argued that it is in part the skillful musicianship which gets audiences to blow past such flaws.[52]
Accolades
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)
Hollywood Music in Media Awards November 14, 2018 Best Original Song – Feature Film "Shallow" by Lady Gaga, Mark Ronson, Anthony Rossomando, and Andrew Wyatt Pending [53]
Outstanding Music Supervision – Film Julianne Jordan and Julia Michels Pending
Best Soundtrack Album A Star Is Born Pending
Venice Film Festival September 8, 2018 Smithers Foundation Award A Star Is Born Won [54]
See also
Book: A Star Is Born (2018 film)
List of films featuring the deaf and hard of hearing
References
Jump up ^ Yang, Rachel (September 14, 2018). "'A Star Is Born' Director Bradley Cooper Talks Jon Peters Allegations". Variety. Retrieved October 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Perry, Spencer (April 17, 2017). "First Look at Lady Gaga in A Star is Born Remake". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Star Is Born (billing block)". Warner Bros. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Star Is Born trailer with Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga". Film-news.co.uk. June 7, 2018. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Star is Born". warnerbros.com. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Star is Born". Toronto International Film Festival. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kilday, Gregg (August 22, 2018). "How 'A Star Is Born' Re-created the "Man's World" of Music, Coachella Concert Scenes". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 17, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 7, 2018). "'Venom' Still Showing $80M Fangs; 'A Star Is Born' Hitting $42M+ High Note In Record October Weekend". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b "A Star Is Born (2018)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Magrath, Andrea (January 21, 2011). "A Star Is Born... again: Clint Eastwood in talks to direct Beyonce in yet another remake of Hollywood classic". Daily Mail. London. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Adam (April 1, 2012). "Screenwriter Will Fetters Talks Clint Eastwood's A STAR IS BORN; Says Script Was Inspired by Kurt Cobain". Collider.com. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (October 9, 2012). "Beyonce exits Eastwood's 'A Star Is Born' (Exclusive)". Variety. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (March 24, 2015). "Bradley Cooper To Make Directing Debut, Hopes To Star With Beyonce In 'A Star Is Born' For Warner Bros". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
Jump up ^ Bart, Peter; Fleming Jr, Mike (May 2, 2016). "Bart & Fleming: Bradley Cooper & Lady Gaga Road Test 'A Star Is Born' Team-Up". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (June 16, 2016). "Lady Gaga Looking Like A Strong Match With Bradley Cooper In 'A Star Is Born'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved June 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (June 16, 2016). "Lady Gaga Joins Bradley Cooper's 'A Star Is Born' Remake". Variety. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (August 16, 2016). "'A Star Is Born' Gets Warner Bros Green Light; Bradley Cooper Directs, Stars With Lady Gaga". Deadline Hollywood. Archived from the original on August 17, 2016. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ Noelfi, Joel (April 18, 2017). "How Lady Gaga's A Star Is Born evolved with Jennifer Lopez, Beyoncé, more". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Galuppo, Mia (November 9, 2016). "Ray Liotta in Talks to Join Lady Gaga in 'A Star Is Born' Remake". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (March 17, 2017). "Sam Elliott Joins Bradley Cooper & Lady Gaga In 'A Star Is Born'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (March 23, 2017). "Andrew Dice Clay In Negotiations To Join 'A Star Is Born' In Key Role". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Andrew Dice Clay Says He Beat Robert De Niro, John Travolta for ‘A Star Is Born’ Role
Jump up ^ N'Duka, Amanda (April 28, 2017). "'A Star Is Born' Adds Rafi Gavron & Michael Harney". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (May 5, 2017). "Dave Chappelle Joins 'A Star Is Born' Redo". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (April 26, 2018). "Sony Pictures Makes Deal With Halsey For Movie Inspired By Singer's Life". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
Jump up ^ Finn, Timothy (February 2, 2018). "He's worked with Neil Young, Gaga and his dad, Willie Nelson. Now he's coming to KC". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Stephens, Samantha (September 18, 2017). "How Lady Gaga Brought Lukas Nelson and Promise of the Real's "Find Yourself" to Life". CMT. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ @Interscope (August 30, 2018). "#AStarIsBornSoundtrack features 19 songs in a wide range of musical styles + 15 dialogue tracks that will take you on a journey that mirrors the experience of seeing the film" (Tweet). Retrieved August 30, 2018 – via Twitter.
Jump up ^ Chu, Henry (July 23, 2018). "'A Star Is Born' to World Premiere at Venice Film Festival". Variety. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Tartaglione, Nancy; Hammond, Pete. "Bradley Cooper's 'A Star Is Born' Headed To Venice After 1st Hollywood Screening Impresses Exhibitors – Update". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved July 23, 2018.
Jump up ^ Orlova-Alvarez, Tamara; Alvarez, Joe (September 10, 2018). "' Lady Gaga 'A Star Is Born' Premiere Toronto Film Festival 2018". Ikon London Magazine. Retrieved September 29, 2018.
Jump up ^ Vlessing, Etan (July 24, 2018). "Toronto: Timothee Chalamet Starrer 'Beautiful Boy,' Dan Fogelman's 'Life Itself' Among Festival Lineup". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ Wiseman, Andreas (August 14, 2018). "Damien Chazelle's 'First Man', Alfonso Cuaron's 'Roma', Bradley Cooper's 'A Star Is Born' Head To San Sebastian Fest". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lawrence, Derek (December 20, 2017). "Lady Gaga's A Star Is Born shifts release date back to fall 2018". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (November 10, 2016). "Bradley Cooper-Lady Gaga Movie 'A Star Is Born' Gets 2018 Release Date". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin. "Bradley Cooper-Lady Gaga's 'Star is Born' Moves to May 2018". Variety. Retrieved September 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 14, 2018). "'Sony Swings Past $1 Billion As 'Venom' Bites $35M+; 'First Man' Lands Third With $16M+ – Sunday AM". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved October 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 21, 2018). "'Halloween' Scares Up Second-Best October Opening With $77M+; Best Debut For Blumhouse & Carpenter Canon; Great Launch For Miramax". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (October 28, 2018). "'Halloween' Screams $32M Second Weekend As October B.O. Moves Toward Record". Deadline Hollywood. Penske Business Media. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ Tartaglione, Nancy (October 7, 2018). "'Venom' Sinks Teeth Into $205M Global Bow; Sets Biggest October Debut WW – International Box Office". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved October 7, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Greenblatt, Leah (August 31, 2018). "Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper make (mostly) beautiful music in A Star Is Born: EW review". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Chang, Justin (September 8, 2018). "'A Star Is Born,' 'Beautiful Boy' bring stories of love and addiction to Toronto". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Star Is Born (2018)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved October 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ "A Star Is Born (2018) reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Find CinemaScore" (Type "Star Is Born, A" in the search box). CinemaScore. Retrieved October 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ Duralde, Alonso (August 31, 2018). "A Star Is Born Film Review: Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga Reinvigorate a Classic". The Wrap. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Gleiberman, Owen (August 31, 2018). "Venice Film Review: Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga in A Star Is Born". Variety. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ Zacharek, Stephanie (August 31, 2018). "Lady Gaga Delivers a Knockout Performance in A Star Is Born". Time. Retrieved September 14, 2018.
Jump up ^ Travers, Peter (October 1, 2018). "'A Star Is Born' Review: Cooper, Lady Gaga Hit All the Right Notes". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ Hornaday, Ann (September 21, 2018). "Bradley Cooper and Lady Gaga's hotly anticipated 'A Star is Born' is here — and it is lavishly delightful". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Michael (October 1, 2018). "'A Star is Born' review: Bradley Cooper goes Gaga in directing debut". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2018-10-21.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Michael (October 18, 2018). "How destructive male behavior in 'A Star is Born' is eclipsed by beautiful music". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2018-10-21.
Jump up ^ Yang, Rachel (October 16, 2018). "'Black Panther', 'A Star Is Born' Lead 2018 Hollywood Music in Media Awards Nominees". Variety. Retrieved October 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Collateral Awards of the 75th Venice Film Festival". Venice Biennale. September 7, 2018. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
External links
Film portal
Lady Gaga portal
Official website
A Star Is Born on IMDb
A Star Is Born at the TCM Movie Database
A Star Is Born at Box Office Mojo
A Star Is Born (trailer) on YouTube
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values: مولد نجم (فيلم 2018) – Arabic

values: Ulduz doğuldu (film, 2018) – Azerbaijani

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values: Роди се звезда – Bulgarian

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values: A Star Is Born (película de 2018) – Spanish

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values: Taip gimė žvaigždė (2018 filmas) – Lithuanian

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values: A Star Is Born (vuoden 2018 elokuva) – Finnish

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values: Bir Yıldız Doğuyor (film, 2018) – Turkish

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