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Days of Our Lives characters (1990s)
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A list of notable characters from the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 1, 1990, and the end of 1999.
Contents
1 Stephanie Johnson
2 Joey Kiriakis
3 Victor Kiriakis II
4 Lisanne Gardner
5 Jamie Caldwell
6 Peter Blake
7 Franco Kelly
8 Eliana
9 Father Timothy Jansen
10 Bart Beiderbecke
11 Steven "Jonesy" Jones
12 Wilhelm Rolf
13 Dr. Debra Thomas
14 Edmund Crumb
15 Lili Faversham
16 Jan Spears
17 Conner Lockhart
18 See also
19 Notes and references
Stephanie Johnson[edit]
Stephanie Johnson
Days of Our Lives character
Portrayed by
Amanda and Jessica Gunnarson (1990–92)
Shayna Rose (2006–07)
Shelley Hennig (2007–11, 2017)
Duration
1990–92
2006–11
2017
First appearance
February 19, 1990
Last appearance
February 16, 2017
Created by
Richard J. Allen and Anne Schoettle
Introduced by
Ken Corday and Al Rabin (1990)
Ken Corday and Stephen Wyman (2006)
Ken Corday, Albert Alarr and Greg Meng (2017)
Classification
Former; recurring
Profile
Other names
Stephanie Kay Johnson
Occupation
Accountant
Racecar Driver
Residence
Seattle, Washington
showFamily
Family
Brady
Johnson
Parents
Steve Johnson
Kayla Brady
Brothers
Joey Johnson
Half-brothers
Tripp Dalton
Grandparents
Duke Johnson
Jo Johnson
Shawn Brady
Caroline Brady
Aunts and uncles
Jack Deveraux
Adrienne Johnson
Roman Brady
Bo Brady
Kimberly Brady
Frankie Brady (adoptive)
Max Brady (adoptive)
First cousins
Carrie Brady
Sami Brady
Eric Brady
Rex Brady
Cassie Brady
Andrew Donovan IV
Theresa Donovan
Abigail Deveraux
JJ Deveraux
Joey Kiriakis (adoptive)
Victor Kiriakis II (adoptive)
Sonny Kiriakis
Shawn-Douglas Brady
Chelsea Brady
Zack Brady
Ciara Brady
Stephanie Johnson was created by head writer Richard J. Allen, and was originated by actresses Amanda and Jessica Gunnarson. Shayna Rose briefly stepped into the role in 2006–07. The role was taken over by Shelley Hennig in 2007.[1] Henning was nominated for a Daytime Emmy for her role as Stephanie, in the category of Outstanding Younger Actress in a Daytime Drama.[2] Her last airdate as Stephanie was on April 6, 2011.[3] In December 2016, it was revealed that Hennig will return for her parents' wedding in February 2017.[4]
Stephanie is the daughter of supercouple, Steve Johnson and Kayla Brady.[5][6][7] She is the ex-fiancée of Philip Kiriakis, and Nathan Horton. Stephanie is born in 1990 while Kayla is serving jail time.[5] She and Kayla depart the series in 1992, with a teenage Stephanie, played by Shayna Rose, returning without her mother in 2006. Shayna Rose departed the series in 2007. A new looking Stephanie, played by Shelley Hennig arrives in Salem in 2007 with parents Steve Johnson, and Kayla Brady. Hennig has portrayed the role from 2007 to 2011, even being nominated in 2010 for a Daytime Emmy in Outstanding Younger Actress.[8][9] Despite only airing into April 2011, Hennig managed to receive another Daytime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Younger Actress in 2012.
Joey Kiriakis[edit]
Joey Kiriakis
Days of Our Lives character
Portrayed by
Candace Mead (1990)
Benjamin Iorio (1990–91)
Duration
1990–91
First appearance
September 17, 1990
Last appearance
January 23, 1991
Created by
Richard J. Allen and Anne Schoettle
Introduced by
Ken Corday and Al Rabin
Classification
Former; recurring
Profile
Other names
Joseph Kiriakis
showFamily
Family
Kiriakis (adoptive)
Johnson (adoptive)
Parents
J.J. Bagwood
Stanley Krakowski
Justin Kiriakis
Adrienne Johnson Kiriakis (adoptive)
Brothers
Victor Kiriakis II
Sonny Kiriakis (adoptive)
Half-brothers
Alexander Kiriakis II (adoptive)
Grandparents
Alexander Kiriakis (adoptive)
Christina Kiriakis (adoptive)
Duke Johnson (adoptive)
Jo Johnson (adoptive)
Uncles
Steve Johnson (adoptive)
Jack Deveraux (adoptive)
Hank Tobin
First cousins
Abigail Deveraux (adoptive)
Stephanie Johnson (adoptive)
JJ Deveraux (adoptive)
Joey Johnson (adoptive)
Tripp Dalton
Other relatives
Victor Kiriakis (adoptive)
Joey Kiriakis was introduced in September 1990 and was portrayed by child actors Candace Mead and Benjamin Iorio until the character left the series in 1991. Joey is the biological twin son of Kiriakis family nanny, J.J. Bagwood (Patti Johns) and Stanley Krakowski (Dick Christie), who along with his brother was later adopted by Adrienne Johnson Kiriakis (Judi Evans) and her husband Justin Kiriakis (Wally Kurth).
J.J. was the babysitter to Alexander Kiriakis (Jonathan Thornton), Justin's son with Anjelica Deveraux (Judith Chapman). After Anjelica and Alexander supposedly died in a plane crash, J.J. left town, but returned a few months later, pregnant, and about ready to give birth. She knew she couldn't give the baby a good home, so she asked Justin and Adrienne to give her baby a home. Delighted and unable to conceive, Justin and Adrienne agreed, and were thrilled when they learned the child was really twins. Just when it seem like Justin and Adrienne's family was complete, J.J.'s married lover, Stanley, showed up, and refused to sign papers giving up rights to his children. J.J. would soon second thoughts, but after Justin and Adrienne let her spend a month living with them and the twins, she was able to convince Stanley that their twins would have a wonderful life with the Kiriakises. J.J. and Stanley would later leave town after letting the twins be adopted by Justin and Adrienne. Shortly after, Joey left with the rest of his family to Texas, where their brother Sonny Kiriakis (Freddie Smith) was born.
Although never shown on-screen, Joey returned to Salem in 2007 with his parents and brothers. He attended Salem High School, with his siblings. His time in town was short lived, however, and by January 2008 when the entire family moved again - this time to Dubai.
Victor Kiriakis II[edit]
Victor Kiriakis II
Days of Our Lives character
Portrayed by
Loren Mead (1990)
Jacob Iorio (1990–91)
Duration
1990–91
First appearance
September 17, 1990
Last appearance
January 23, 1991
Created by
Richard J. Allen and Anne Schoettle
Introduced by
Ken Corday and Al Rabin
Classification
Former; recurring
showFamily
Family
Kiriakis (adoptive)
Johnson (adoptive)
Parents
J.J. Bagwood
Stanley Krakowski
Justin Kiriakis
Adrienne Johnson Kiriakis (adoptive)
Brothers
Joey Kiriakis
Sonny Kiriakis (adoptive)
Half-brothers
Alexander Kiriakis II (adoptive)
Grandparents
Alexander Kiriakis (adoptive)
Christina Kiriakis (adoptive)
Duke Johnson (adoptive)
Jo Johnson (adoptive)
Uncles
Steve Johnson (adoptive)
Jack Deveraux (adoptive)
Hank Tobin
First cousins
Abigail Deveraux (adoptive)
Stephanie Johnson (adoptive)
JJ Deveraux (adoptive)
Joey Johnson (adoptive)
Tripp Dalton
Other relatives
Victor Kiriakis (adoptive)
Victor Kiriakis II was introduced in September 1990 and portrayed by child actors Loren Mead and Jacob Iorio. Victor is the biological twin son of Kiriakis family nanny, J.J. Bagwood (Patti Johns) and Stanley Krakowski (Dick Christie), he with his twin brother were adopted by Adrienne Johnson Kiriakis (Judi Evans) and her husband Justin Kiriakis (Wally Kurth).
Adrienne and Justin had a difficult time getting pregnant, so J.J. who was the babysitter to Alexander Kiriakis (Jonathan Thornton), Justin's son with Anjelica Deveraux (Judith Chapman), decided to let Justin and Adrienne adopt her unborn twins. When J.J.'s lover, Stanley arrived to Salem he refused to sign papers giving up rights of his children to Justin and Adrienne. Ultimately, J.J. also had second thoughts, but after Justin and Adrienne let her spend a month living with them and the boys, she convinced Stanley that they twins would have a wonderful life. Shortly thereafter, Victor left with the rest of his family to Texas, where their brother Jackson (Freddie Smith) was born.
Although never shown on-screen, Victor returned to Salem in 2007 with his parents and brothers. He attended Salem High School, with his siblings. His time in town was short lived, however, and by January 2008 when the entire family moved again - this time to Dubai.
Lisanne Gardner[edit]
Lisanne Gardner
Days of Our Lives character
Portrayed by
Lynn Herring
First appearance
April 2, 1992
Last appearance
October 30, 1992
Created by
Richard J. Allen & Beth Milstein
Profile
Occupation
Corporate lawyer
Lisanne Gardner was portrayed by Lynn Herring.
Lisanne came to Salem in 1992, where she began working for Lawrence Alamain as Alamain Industries corporate lawyer. She and Lawrence began a relationship, but Lawrence still had feelings for Carly Manning. Lisanne learned that Vivian and Carly were keeping a secret involving a past pregnancy, so told Lawrence, and it eventually emerged that Carly had been pregnant with Lawrence's child, who it was believed had died. However, when Vivian Alamain brought her adopted son, Nicky, to the United States later that year, a different story was to emerge. After some investigation into Nicky's background, Lisanne discovered that he was, in fact Lawrence and Carly's son, who Vivian had actually stolen. Lisanne began to blackmail Vivian with this information, but her plans were to lead to her demise. Nikki returned home one day to find his aunt and Lisanne engaged in a heated argument. He saw Vivian falling to the floor and, believing that Lisanne was hurting his aunt, he tried to separate the two. But in the process of this, Lisanne fell and struck her head on a stone cat. The fall proved fatal for Lisanne, but Vivian told Nicky that she was just unconscious. Vivian and Lawrence's servant, Ivan Marais, then concealed Lisanne's body in the basement, before later making it look as though she had been killed in a car crash. But Lisanne's death led Lawrence to realise that Nicky was his son, something which caused Vivian to suffer a heart attack. While recovering in hospital, she revealed the truth to Lawrence - i.e., that she had told Carly that Nicky had died, then raised him as her own, even buying her servant's son's birth certificate to cover up the truth. Lawrence subsequently told Carly, who confronted Vivian, threatening to take Nicky away from her. Vivian then tried to leave Salem with Nicky, but was stopped from doing so. Kidnapping charges were brought against Vivian, but later dropped; while she desperately tried to hide the truth from Nicky. However, he was ultimately to learn his real identity. Meanwhile, suspecting that Lisanne's death may have been the result of foul play, Bo Brady began investigating the Alamains. Vivian told Lawrence to dispose of the stone cat and the rug on which Lisanne had fallen, as both had traces of her blood. Lawrence buried the items in the woods, but was seen by a prostitute, who reported it to the police. Soon afterwards, Bo caught Lawrence trying to dig up the stone cat and arrested him. Lawrence was charged with Lisanne's murder, and sent for trial, but it was to emerge that Nicky had killed her. The charges against Lawrence were dropped, but Nicky never found out that he'd been responsible for the death.
Jamie Caldwell[edit]
Jamie Caldwell, played by Miriam Parrish, first appeared on a recurring status on April 16, 1993 until November 15, 1993 before being upgraded to contract status from November 29, 1993 until August 29, 1996. Jamie is Sami Brady's best friend and the godmother of Will Horton. Jamie worked with Sami at Salem University Hospital as a candy striper and was the first one to find out about her bulimia. She alerted Roman to this fact, while Sami originally believed Marlena told Roman. Jamie also frowned on many of Sami's many schemes to break up Austin and Carrie, including drugging Austin into sleeping with her. Friends later discovered that Jamie has been raped by her father and Jamie moved out of her house and into the Brady Pub. Jamie's character vanished soon after she revealed to Kate that Sami drugged Austin. The actress' contract was not renewed in late 1996 with Jamie simply disappearing without mention. Throughout her time in Salem, Jamie had a crush on Lucas Roberts.
Peter Blake[edit]
Peter Blake
Days of Our Lives character
Portrayed by
Jason Brooks
Duration
1993–98
First appearance
September 1, 1993
Last appearance
February 23, 1998
Created by
James E. Reilly
Introduced by
Ken Corday and Tom Langan
Classification
Former; regular
Profile
Other names
Peter DiMera
Occupation
Attorney
showFamily
Family
DiMera
Mother
Rachel Blake
Adoptive father
Stefano DiMera
Sisters
Kristen DiMera
Half-brothers
André DiMera (adoptive)
Benjy Hawk (adoptive)
EJ DiMera (adoptive)
Chad DiMera (adoptive)
Stefan DiMera (adoptive)
Tony DiMera (legal/adoptive)
Half-sisters
Renée DuMonde (adoptive)
Megan Hathaway (adoptive)
Lexie Carver (adoptive)
Wife
Jennifer Horton (1995–96)
Grandfathers
Santo DiMera (adoptive)
Uncles
Ryan Brady (adoptive)
Nephews
Theo Carver (adoptive)
Steven Hawk (adoptive)
Johnny DiMera (adoptive)
Thomas DiMera (adoptive)
Nieces
Sydney DiMera (adoptive)
Grace Brady (adoptive)
Peter Blake is a fictional character from the American NBC Daytime soap opera Days of Our Lives, portrayed by Jason Brooks. Brooks joined the cast of Days of Our Lives in 1993, airing on September 1, 1993 until November 23, 1993 on a recurring status until upgrading to contract status from December 1, 1993 till December 24, 1996, when the character was presumed dead after being shot by Jack Deveraux. Brooks returned to the role nearly a year later on November 21, 1997 until his departure on February 23, 1998. Peter and his sister Kristen were raised but not legally adopted by super villain Stefano DiMera at a very young age following the deaths of their parents; however, their mother Rachel was later revealed to be alive.[10][11] Peter is known for his relationship and marriage to Jennifer Horton and contracting the jungle madness illness.
Franco Kelly[edit]
Franco Kelly, played by Victor Alfieri from June 1996 to October 1998, first came to Salem to model for Titan. It was soon revealed that Kate Roberts hired him to break up Bo and Hope Brady so that her daughter Billie Reed could reunite with her former lover Bo. After Franco was exposed he tried to con Sami Brady into marriage so that he could hide from his mob past and obtain a real green card. Kate planned revenge on Sami by exposing Franco's true motives at their wedding. Before the wedding could take place, Sami discovered the truth and announced that she was going to "kill that bastard". Franco meanwhile, attempted to beat and kill Kate for threatening him but was stopped when Lucas Horton shot Franco, killing him.
Kate wanted to protect Lucas and staged the scene to look like Sami killed Franco. Sami was put on trial and sentenced to death by lethal injection. In early June 1999, Sami nearly died but was saved when Lucas and Franco's old mob boss, Roberto, both confessed to the murder at the last minute. Although Lucas was the real shooter, the police believed a dying Roberto's confession. The truth of Franco's real murderer was never revealed except to Sami and Brandon Walker.
Eliana[edit]
Eliana, played by Ann Werner,[12] was the long-time housekeeper of Stefano Dimera at the DiMera mansion. Ann Werner left the show to pursue a writing career, and the character of Eliana was said to have retired.
Father Timothy Jansen[edit]
Played by three different actors from 1996–2008, Father Jansen has been a consistent figure for the church going citizens of Salem at weddings, funerals and death-beds. He has been played by Michael O'Neil (1996), Jim Beaver (96-97, 2000, 2002–03), and James Lancaster (2003–2005, 2008).
Bart Beiderbecke[edit]
Bart Beiderbecke is a longtime DiMera family associate portrayed by Steve Blackwood. Introduced in 1997, he was originally the right-hand man of Dr. Wilhelm Rolf. Following his death, Bart became Tony's loyal assistant. He appears to be the only member of the DiMera organization who feels any remorse for the pain that is inflicted upon the citizens of Salem as a result of the DiMeras' influence. However, he is smart enough to keep his mouth closed around Tony and Stefano when it comes to this. After Tony's failed attempt at escaping from prison, Bart was seen occasionally for a little longer before vanishing from the canvas completely. When Bart returned two years later, he was assigned the task of killing Sami Brady, a task which he attempted to complete by drugging her and tying her up inside her car, which was filling with carbon monoxide. He failed, however, when EJ DiMera rescued her.
On August 3, 2007, Bart died when he was stabbed by André DiMera during a sword fight between Andre and Tony DiMera. Stefano mourned Bart's death and is now concerned that Bart may not have made sure that the key to ending the vendetta was kept out of Tony's possession.
Steven "Jonesy" Jones[edit]
Jonesy, played by Robert Mandan from 1997–1998, was Vivian's bizarre husband and caretaker of the DiMera townhouse in Salem. Vivian was first interested in Jonesy because she thought he owned the expensive townhouse and all of its treasures. Vivian accomplished this by hosting a mock séance in which the real Flora Dora told Jonesy to move on with Vivian. Jonesy was not a well man and Vivian and he married in England, with Susan Banks and Edmund Crumb standing up for them. Jonesy died of a heart attack after consummating the marriage. Vivian inherited all of Jonesy's treasures which forced Stefano, the original owner of the townhouse, to marry Vivian in order to reclaim his possessions.
Wilhelm Rolf[edit]
Wilhelm Rolf
Days of Our Lives character
Portrayed by
William Utay
Duration
1997–2003
2007–2008
2017–
First appearance
September 19, 1997 (1997-09-19)
Classification
Present; recurring
Profile
Occupation
Physician
showFamily
Nieces
Marlo Ungerschterner
Other relatives
J.T. Reiber
Wilhelm Rolf has been portrayed by William Utay from September 19, 1997, to June 12, 2003, and June 4, 2007, to September 24, 2008, and again briefly from October 20 to November 21, 2017. Introduced in September 1997, Dr. Wilhelm Rolf was the DiMera family's jack-of-all-trades and was responsible for: saving Roman's life from jungle fever, brainwashing Hope in order to turn her into Princess Gina, orchestrating the infamous baby switch using his niece Margo's daughter, creating the Gemini Twins (Rex and Cassie Brady), and erasing Patch's and John's memories. He was 'killed' in June 2003 when a crate landed on him and his corpse was subsequently used to fake Larry Welch's death. Utay reprised his role in 2017 from October 20 to October 31.[13][14]
Rolf returned from the dead, explaining that his death "didn't take." He assumed his old position as a lackey for the DiMeras when he was instructed to kill Sami by poisoning her food at the hospital. After Marlena put Stefano in a coma, Rolf became John's butler. Unbeknownst to John, Rolf began helping Marlena try to repair the disc that contains his memories. Rolf obeyed both John and Marlena in order to avoid jail time for many of his past evil deeds. His character frequently provided comic relief by dressing up in silly costumes or cracking one-liners, often in collaboration with Stefano's other henchman Bart Beiderbecke.
In 2017, Clyde Weston (James Read) reveals that Rolf told him that Sami's late son Will Horton (Chandler Massey) is alive, therefore exonerating Clyde's deranged son Ben (Robert Scott Wilson) of the crime. On Oct. 24, 2017, after claiming to have revived the corpse of Will Horton while posing as a medical examiner in Salem, Rolf ingested a cyanide capsule and committed suicide as Sami Brady and Hope Brady looked on.
On October 31, 2017 Rolf once again returned from the dead in a dream sequence, revived by Ben to bring his victims back to life. The pair later strangle Kayla Brady to death. Rolf dug up the graves of Serena Mason and Paige Larson, the two killing Chad, Abby and Lani respectively. Confronted by a surprised Hope and Rafe, Rolf turns her into Princess Gina via satellite and has Gina murder Rafe via lipstick laced with poison. Hope snaps out of it demanding to know what Rolf made her do. This is ultimately revealed as a nightmare of Abby's
Rolf returns on October 22, 2018 in Kristen's Nashville warehouse.
Dr. Debra Thomas[edit]
Debra, played by Paige Rowland, is an ex-girlfriend of Mike Horton's with whom he reunited with in Rome, in 1997. Debra and Mike did not reunite romantically but this did not stop Carrie from getting jealous. Sami became aware of Carrie' feelings towards Debra and Mike and used this turn of events to push Mike and Carrie closer together so she could be with Austin.
Edmund Crumb[edit]
Edmund Phineas Crumb, played by Adam Caine from January 8, 1998, to May 8, 1998. Edmund is the husband of Susan Banks and the stepfather of EJ DiMera.
Edmund was a soft-hearted and somewhat dimwitted pilot who fell in love with Susan Banks after Susan came to stay at his mother Violet's pub in England. Edmund came to Salem to find Susan, who was a suspect in Kristen's murder, and proposed to her. It wasn't Susan, however, but actually Kristen posing as Susan without anyone else knowing. Edmund and Kristen married while the real Susan was held prisoner in an island harem. Susan escaped and found Edmund and Kristen shortly after Edmund confessed to "Susan" that he accidentally killed Kristen. When Edmund saw both Kristen and Susan he was confused as to whom he had accidentally murdered. It turns out it was Susan's other sister, Penelope Kent. Susan forgave Edmund and they locked Kristen up in the harem and raised baby Elvis together in England.
Lili Faversham[edit]
Ms. Faversham, played by Millicent Martin from 1998–2001, was an eccentric older woman from Lugano, Switzerland. Ms Faversham had lost a great deal of art treasures due to theft and was close friends with Princess Gina Von Amberg. Ms. Faversham recognized Hope as one of her European high society friends, Princess Gina von Amberg and believed that the resemblance meant that Hope was Gina. At one point, Ms. Faversham insisted that Hope accompany her on the Empress Express. Stefano was one of the honored guests of the gathering, and is using the name Rudolfo Meradi. The train derailed with them all aboard but there were no serious injuries. Ms. Faversham learned the truth about the real Princess Gina but befriended Hope and Greta anyway. She moved briefly to Salem where she recognized Vivian Alamain. Lili was the one to finally recognize that the real Princess Gina was posing as Hope in Salem because of a scar that only Gina could have had. She returned to Switzerland and has not been seen since.
Jan Spears[edit]
Jan Spears
Days of Our Lives character
Portrayed by
Natalie Ramsey (1999)
Heather Lauren Olson (1999–2004)
Heather Lindell (2004–05)
Duration
1999–2005
First appearance
April 1999
Last appearance
May 19, 2005
Created by
Sally Sussman Morina
Jan Spears, played by three actresses: Natalie Ramsey (1999), Heather Lauren Olson (1999 to 2002; November 2003 to April 6, 2004) and Heather Lindell (April 6, 2004 to May 19, 2005), was introduced as the mean girl at Salem High. Jan was one of the first girls to taunt Chloe Lane and call her "Ghoul Girl" and was responsible for putting pictures of a naked Chloe up on the internet. Jan's boyfriend, Jason Masters, was a real jerk and she finally had enough of him while on an Island. Also while on the Island, Nicole's father, Paul Mendez, rapes Jan, giving her gonorrhea and leaving her pregnant. Jan is humiliated but Shawn felt bad and promised to marry her and raise the baby as their own, devastating Belle. Jan lost the baby and left town. When Jan returned years later, her parents were dead and she was still obsessed with Shawn. Nicole also convinced a deeply disturbed Jan to help her kill Victor Kiriakis which she did (later it was revealed that Victor survived). Jan kidnapped Shawn and held him prisoner in a cage. When Shawn escaped he crashed his motorcycle and lost his memory. He woke up thinking that he wanted to be with Jan and she manipulated him until he regained his memory. Jan's grip on Shawn was loosening so she blackmailed Mimi to help her keep Shawn. Mimi and Jan argued and Jan fell, hitting her head on a rock. Jan remains in a coma. Jan was last mentioned by Nicole while on a dinner date with Phillip Kiriakis, April 2008.
Conner Lockhart[edit]
Conner David Lockhart is the youngest child of David and Bonnie Lockhart. The character was played by Austin Wolff as a child during the summer of 1999, and Noah Segan took over the role on a temporary basis on January 8, 2007. Recasting Segan in the role aged the character to his late teens. Conner left town with Mimi to live in Arizona.
See also[edit]
Days of Our Lives characters
Days of Our Lives characters (1960s)
Days of Our Lives characters (1970s)
Days of Our Lives characters (1980s)
Days of Our Lives characters (2000s)
Days of Our Lives characters (2010s)
Days of Our Lives cast members
List of previous Days of Our Lives cast members
Notes and references[edit]
Jump up ^ "Shelly Henning Bio". SoapOpera.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ "37th Annual Daytime Emmy Nominations". Daytime Confidential.com. Retrieved January 21, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Days of our Lives - Episode Guide". Archived from the original on November 2, 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Fix, Christine (December 6, 2016). "Shelley Hennig returns to Days for a big celebration". Soaps.com. United States: SheKnows Media. Archived from the original on December 8, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Waggett, Gerard J. (November 1997). "Days of our Lives". The Soap Opera Encyclopedia. Harper Paperbacks. pp. 87–111. ISBN 0-06-101157-6.
Jump up ^ "Kayla Brady Bio". TV Fanatic. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Stephanie Johnson Bio". TV Fanatic. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Shelley Hennig - Stephanie - DAYS OF OUR LIVES - DAYS - Bio". Soapoperadigest.com. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
Jump up ^ "2010 Emmy Nomination Reactions". Soapoperadigest.com. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
Jump up ^ Corday, Ken (2010). The Days of our Lives: The True Story of One Family's Dream and the Untold History of Days of our Lives. United States: SourceBooks. ISBN 1402242220.
Jump up ^ "Yearly Update for 1996". Sony Pictures Television. Daysofourlives.com. 1996. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
Jump up ^ "About the Author". Annwerner.net. Archived from the original on 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
Jump up ^ Soaps SheKnows (October 12, 2017). "William Utay Returns to Days of our Lives as Diabolical Dr. Rolf". Soaps.com. United States: SheKnows Media. Retrieved October 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Who's Going". Comings and Goings. Soap Opera Digest. American Media, Inc. 42 (44): 12–13. October 30, 2017.
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Claire Brady
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Hope Brady
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Abe Carver
Tripp Dalton
Abigail Deveraux
JJ Deveraux
Chad DiMera
Kristen DiMera
Stefan DiMera
Eve Donovan
Marlena Evans
Eli Grant
Valerie Grant
Gabi Hernandez
Rafe Hernandez
Jennifer Horton
Lucas Horton
Maggie Horton
Will Horton
Adrienne Johnson
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Parker Jonas
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Victor Kiriakis
Chloe Lane
Paul Narita
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Notable past
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Alice Horton
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Max Brady
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Dr. Lexie Carver
Theo Carver
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Xander Cook
Don Craig
Neil Curtis
Cameron Davis
Jack Deveraux
Andre DiMera
Anna DiMera
Daphne DiMera
EJ DiMera
Johnny DiMera
Santo DiMera
Stefano DiMera
Sydney DiMera
Tony DiMera
Drew Donovan
Shane Donovan
Theresa Donovan
Nick Fallon
Megan Hathaway
Benjy Hawk
Arianna Hernandez
Eduardo Hernandez
Addie Horton
Allie Horton
Bill Horton
Jeremy Horton
Laura Horton
Marie Horton
Melissa Horton
Mickey Horton
Nathan Horton
Sarah Horton
Tommy Horton
Robin Jacobs
Madison James
Aiden Jennings
Chase Jennings
Joey Johnson
Stephanie Johnson
Daniel Jonas
Melanie Jonas
Calliope Jones
Deimos Kiriakis
Philip Kiriakis
Paige Larson
Bonnie Lockhart
Mimi Lockhart
Patrick Lockhart
Carly Manning
Alex Marshall
Serena Mason
Colin Murphy
Tori Narita
Celeste Perrault
Austin Reed
Billie Reed
Curtis Reed
Jordan Ridgeway
Ben Rogers
Jan Spears
Isabella Toscano
Ava Vitali
Gina Von Amberg
Brandon Walker
Nicole Walker
Taylor Walker
Nancy Wesley
Clyde Weston
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Ciara Brady
Claire Brady
Eric Brady
Hope Brady
Kayla Brady
Rex Brady
Roman Brady
Sami Brady
Shawn-Douglas Brady
Abe Carver
Tripp Dalton
Abigail Deveraux
JJ Deveraux
Chad DiMera
EJ DiMera
Kristen DiMera
Stefan DiMera
Thomas DiMera
Eve Donovan
Marlena Evans
Eli Grant
Valerie Grant
Gabi Hernandez
Rafe Hernandez
Arianna Horton
Jennifer Horton
Lucas Horton
Maggie Horton
Will Horton
Adrienne Johnson
Justin Kiriakis
Sonny Kiriakis
Victor Kiriakis
Xander Kiriakis
Chloe Lane
Bonnie Lockhart
Mimi Lockhart
Paul Narita
Lani Price
Kate Roberts
Ben Weston
Doug Williams
Julie Olson Williams
show
Past characters
Tom Horton
Alice Horton
Hattie Adams
Lawrence Alamain
Vivian Alamain
Bart Beiderbecke
Tate Black
Peter Blake
Eugene Bradford
Bo Brady
Caroline Brady
Carrie Brady
Cassie Brady
Chelsea Brady
Frankie Brady
Kimberly Brady
Max Brady
Shawn Brady
Lexie Carver
Theo Carver
Liz Chandler
Don Craig
Neil Curtis
Cameron Davis
Anjelica Deveraux
Jack Deveraux
André DiMera
Anna DiMera
Daphne DiMera
Johnny DiMera
Santo DiMera
Stefano DiMera
Sydney DiMera
Tony DiMera
Drew Donovan
Shane Donovan
Theresa Donovan
Lee DuMonde
Renée DuMonde
Nick Fallon
Megan Hathaway
Benjy Hawk
Arianna Hernandez
Dario Hernandez
Eduardo Hernandez
Addie Horton
Allie Horton
Bill Horton
Jeremy Horton
Laura Horton
Marie Horton
Melissa Horton
Mickey Horton
Nathan Horton
Sarah Horton
Tommy Horton
Robin Jacobs
Madison James
Aiden Jennings
Chase Jennings
Joey Johnson
Stephanie Johnson
Steve Johnson
Daniel Jonas
Melanie Jonas
Parker Jonas
Calliope Jones Bradford
Alexander Kiriakis
Deimos Kiriakis
Philip Kiriakis
Maxine Landis
Paige Larson
Patrick Lockhart
Carly Manning
Alex Marshall
Serena Mason
Mia McCormick
Jade Michaels
Anne Milbauer
Colin Murphy
Tori Narita
Celeste Perrault
Austin Reed
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Wilhelm Rolf
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Progressive Party (United States, 1912)
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Progressive Party
The bull moose was the party's official logo
Chairman
Theodore Roosevelt
Founded
1912 (1912)
Split from
Republican Party
Headquarters
Washington, D.C.
Ideology
Progressivism
New Nationalism
Political position
Center-left
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None
Colors
Light green
Politics of United States
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The 1912 Progressive National Convention at the Chicago Coliseum
The Progressive Party was a third party in the United States formed in 1912 by former President Theodore Roosevelt after he lost the presidential nomination of the Republican Party to his former protégé, incumbent President William Howard Taft. The new party was known for taking advanced positions on progressive reforms and attracting some leading reformers. After the party's defeat in the 1912 presidential election, it went into rapid decline, disappearing by 1918. The Progressive Party was nicknamed the "Bull Moose Party" after journalists quoted Roosevelt saying that he felt "fit as a bull moose" following an assassination attempt on the campaign trail shortly after the new party was formed.[1]
As a member of the Republican Party, Roosevelt had served as President from 1901 to 1909, becoming increasingly progressive in the later years of his presidency. In the 1908 presidential election, Roosevelt helped ensure that he would be succeeded by Secretary of War Taft. After Taft took office, he hewed closer to the conservative wing of the party and this and other actions alienated Roosevelt from his former friend. Progressive Republican leader Robert La Follette had already announced a challenge to Taft for the 1912 Republican nomination, but many of his supporters shifted to Roosevelt after the former President decided to seek a third presidential term, which was permissible under the Constitution prior to the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment. At the 1912 Republican National Convention, Taft narrowly defeated Roosevelt for the party's presidential nomination. After the convention, Roosevelt, Frank Munsey, George Walbridge Perkins and other progressive Republicans established the Progressive Party and nominated a ticket of Roosevelt and Hiram Johnson of California at the 1912 Progressive National Convention. The new party attracted several Republican officeholders, although nearly all of them remained loyal to the Republican Party—in California, Johnson and the Progressives took control of the Republican Party.
The party's platform built on Roosevelt's Square Deal domestic program and called for several progressive reforms. The platform asserted that "to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmanship of the day". Proposals on the platform included restrictions on campaign finance contributions, a reduction of the tariff and the establishment of a social insurance system, an eight-hour workday and women's suffrage. The party was split on the regulation of large corporations, with some party members disappointed that the platform did not contain a stronger call for "trust-busting". Party members also had different outlooks on foreign policy, with pacifists like Jane Addams opposing Roosevelt's call for a naval build-up.
In the 1912 election, Roosevelt won 27.4% of the popular vote compared to Taft's 23.2%, making Roosevelt the only third party presidential nominee to finish with a higher share of the popular vote than a major party's presidential nominee. Both Taft and Roosevelt finished behind Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson, who won 41.8% of the popular vote and the vast majority of the electoral vote. The Progressives elected several Congressional and state legislative candidates, but the election was marked primarily by Democratic gains. The 1916 Progressive National Convention was held in conjunction with the 1916 Republican National Convention in hopes of reunifying the parties with Roosevelt as the presidential nominee of both parties. The Progressive Party collapsed after Roosevelt refused the Progressive nomination and insisted his supporters vote for Charles Evans Hughes, the moderately progressive Republican nominee. Most Progressives joined the Republican Party, but some converted to the Democratic Party and Progressives like Harold L. Ickes would play a role in President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration. In 1924, La Follette established another Progressive Party and a third Progressive Party would be established in 1948 under the leadership of Henry A. Wallace.
Contents
[hide]
1 Birth of a new party
2 The Progressive convention and platform
3 Elections
3.1 1912
3.2 1914
3.3 1916
3.4 1918
3.5 Later years
4 Electoral history
4.1 In congressional elections
4.2 In presidential elections
5 Office holders from the Progressive Party
6 See also
7 Footnotes
8 Further reading
9 External links
Birth of a new party[edit]
Theodore Roosevelt was the founder of the Progressive Party and thus is often associated with the party
Roosevelt left office in 1909. He had selected Taft, his Secretary of War, to succeed him as presidential candidate and Taft easily won the 1908 presidential election. Roosevelt became disappointed by Taft's increasingly conservative policies. Taft upset Roosevelt when he used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to sue U.S. Steel for an action that President Roosevelt had explicitly approved.[2] They became openly hostile and Roosevelt decided to seek the presidency. Roosevelt entered the campaign late as Taft was already being challenged by progressive leader Senator Robert La Follette of Wisconsin. Most of La Follette's supporters switched to Roosevelt, leaving the Wisconsin Senator embittered.
Nine of the states where progressive elements were strongest had set up preference primaries, which Roosevelt won, but Taft had worked far harder than Roosevelt to control the Republican Party's organizational operations and the mechanism for choosing its presidential nominee, the 1912 Republican National Convention. For example, he bought up the votes of delegates from the southern states, copying the technique Roosevelt himself used in 1904. The Republican National Convention rejected Roosevelt's protests. Roosevelt and his supporters walked out and the convention re-nominated Taft. The next day, Roosevelt supporters met to form a new political party of their own. California governor Hiram Johnson became its chairman and a new convention was scheduled for August. Most of the funding came from wealthy sponsors, magazine publisher Frank A. Munsey provided $135,000; and George W. Perkins, a director of U.S. Steel and chairman of the International Harvester Company, gave $130,000 and became its executive secretary. Roosevelt's family gave $77,500 and others gave $164,000. The total was nearly $600,000, far less than the major parties.[3][4]
The new party had serious structural defects. Since it insisted on running complete tickets against the regular Republican ticket in most states, few Republican politicians were willing to support it. The exception was California, where the progressive element took control of the Republican Party and Taft was not even on the November ballot. Only five of the 15 more progressive Republican Senators declared support for it. Republican Representatives, Governors, committeemen and the publishers and editors of Republican-leaning newspapers showed comparable reluctance. Many of Roosevelt's closest political allies supported Taft, including his son-in-law, Nicholas Longworth (though Roosevelt's daughter Alice stuck with her father, causing a permanent chill in her marriage). For men like Longworth, expecting a future of his own in Republican politics, bolting the party would have seemed tantamount to career suicide. However, many independent reformers still signed up.
Historian Jonathan Lurie notes that scholars usually identify Roosevelt as the leader most identified with progressive conservatism. Roosevelt said he had "always believed that wise progressivism and wise conservatism go hand in hand".[5] However, Taft and his supporters often hailed Taft as the model progressive conservative and Taft himself said he was "a believer in progressive conservatism".[6] Four decades later Dwight D. Eisenhower declared himself an advocate of "progressive conservatism".[7]
The Progressive convention and platform[edit]
Main article: 1912 Progressive National Convention
Despite these obstacles, the August convention opened with great enthusiasm. Over 2,000 delegates attended, including many women. In 1912, neither Taft nor Wilson endorsed women's suffrage on the national level.[8] The notable suffragist and social worker Jane Addams gave a seconding speech for Roosevelt's nomination, but Roosevelt insisted on excluding black Republicans from the South (whom he regarded as a corrupt and ineffective element).[9] Yet he alienated white Southern supporters on the eve of the election by publicly dining with black people at a Rhode Island hotel.[10][11] Roosevelt was nominated by acclamation, with Johnson as his running mate.
The main work of the convention was the platform, which set forth the new party's appeal to the voters. It included a broad range of social and political reforms long advocated by progressives. It spoke with near-religious fervor and the candidate himself promised: "Our cause is based on the eternal principle of righteousness; and even though we, who now lead may for the time fail, in the end the cause itself shall triumph".[12]
16-page campaign booklet with the platform of the new Progressive Party
The platform's main theme was reversing the domination of politics by business interests, which allegedly controlled the Republican and Democratic parties, alike. The platform asserted:
To destroy this invisible Government, to dissolve the unholy alliance between corrupt business and corrupt politics is the first task of the statesmanship of the day.[13]
To that end, the platform called for:
Strict limits and disclosure requirements on political campaign contributions
Registration of lobbyists
Recording and publication of Congressional committee proceedings
In the social sphere, the platform called for:
A national health service to include all existing government medical agencies.
Social insurance, to provide for the elderly, the unemployed, and the disabled
Limited the ability of judges to order injunctions to limit labor strikes.
A minimum wage law for women
An eight-hour workday
A federal securities commission
Farm relief
Workers' compensation for work-related injuries
An inheritance tax
The political reforms proposed included:
Women's suffrage
Direct election of Senators
Primary elections for state and federal nominations
Easier amending of the United States Constitution[14][15][16]
The platform also urged states to adopt measures for "direct democracy", including:
The recall election (citizens may remove an elected official before the end of his term)
The referendum (citizens may decide on a law by popular vote)
The initiative (citizens may propose a law by petition and enact it by popular vote)
Judicial recall (when a court declares a law unconstitutional, the citizens may override that ruling by popular vote)[17]
Besides these measures, the platform called for reductions in the tariff and limitations on naval armaments by international agreement.
The biggest controversy at the convention was over the platform section dealing with trusts and monopolies. The convention approved a strong "trust-busting" plank, but Perkins had it replaced with language that spoke only of "strong National regulation" and "permanent active [Federal] supervision" of major corporations. This retreat shocked reformers like Pinchot, who blamed it on Perkins. The result was a deep split in the new party that was never resolved.[18]
The platform in general expressed Roosevelt's "New Nationalism", an extension of his earlier philosophy of the Square Deal. He called for new restraints on the power of federal and state judges along with a strong executive to regulate industry, protect the working classes and carry on great national projects. This New Nationalism was paternalistic, in direct contrast to Wilson's individualistic philosophy of "New Freedom". However, once elected, Wilson's actual program resembled Roosevelt's ideas, apart from the notion of reining in judges.[19]
Roosevelt also favored a vigorous foreign policy, including strong military power. Though the platform called for limiting naval armaments, it also recommended the construction of two new battleships per year, much to the distress of outright pacifists such as Jane Addams.[20]
Elections[edit]
1912[edit]
See also: United States presidential election, 1912
Roosevelt mixing spicy ingredients in his speeches in this 1912 editorial cartoon by Karl K. Knecht (1883–1972) in the Evansville Courier
Roosevelt and Hiram Johnson after nomination
Roosevelt ran a vigorous campaign, but the campaign was short of money as the business interests which had supported Roosevelt in 1904 either backed the other candidates or stayed neutral. Roosevelt was also handicapped because he had already served nearly two full terms as President and thus was challenging the unwritten "no third term" rule.
In the end, Roosevelt fell far short of winning. He drew 4.1 million votes—27%, well behind Wilson's 42%, but ahead of Taft's 23% (6% went to Socialist Eugene Debs). He received 88 electoral votes, compared to 435 for Wilson and 8 for Taft.[21] This was nonetheless the best showing by any third party since the modern two-party system was established in 1864. Roosevelt was the only third-party candidate to outpoll a candidate of an established party.
Pro-Roosevelt cartoon contrasts the Republican Party bosses in back row and Progressive Party reformers in front
Many historians have concluded that the Republican split was essential to allow Wilson to win the presidency. Others argue that even without the split, Wilson would have won (as he did in 1916).
In addition to Roosevelt's presidential campaign, hundreds of other candidates sought office as Progressives in 1912.
Twenty-one ran for governor. Over 200 ran for U.S. Representative (the exact number is not clear because there were many Republican-Progressive fusion candidacies and some candidates ran with the labels of ad hoc groups such as "Bull Moose Republicans" or (in Pennsylvania) the "Washington Party".
On October 14, 1912, while Roosevelt was campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a saloonkeeper from New York, John Flammang Schrank, shot him, but the bullet lodged in his chest only after penetrating both his steel eyeglass case and a 50-page single-folded copy of the speech titled "Progressive Cause Greater Than Any Individual", he was to deliver, carried in his jacket pocket. Schrank was immediately disarmed, captured and might have been lynched had Roosevelt not shouted for Schrank to remain unharmed.[22] Roosevelt assured the crowd he was all right, then ordered police to take charge of Schrank and to make sure no violence was done to him.[23] As an experienced hunter and anatomist, Roosevelt correctly concluded that since he was not coughing blood, the bullet had not reached his lung and he declined suggestions to go to the hospital immediately. Instead, he delivered his scheduled speech with blood seeping into his shirt.[24] He spoke for 90 minutes before completing his speech and accepting medical attention. His opening comments to the gathered crowd were: "Ladies and gentlemen, I don't know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot, but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose".[25][26][26][citation needed] Afterwards, probes and an x-ray showed that the bullet had lodged in Roosevelt's chest muscle, but did not penetrate the pleura. Doctors concluded that it would be less dangerous to leave it in place than to attempt to remove it and Roosevelt carried the bullet with him for the rest of his life.[27][28] In later years, when asked about the bullet inside him, Roosevelt would say: "I do not mind it any more than if it were in my waistcoat pocket".[29]
Both Taft and Democratic nominee Woodrow Wilson suspended their own campaigning until Roosevelt recovered and resumed his. When asked if the shooting would affect his election campaign, he said to the reporter "I'm fit as a bull moose", which inspired the party's emblem.[30] He spent two weeks recuperating before returning to the campaign trail. Despite his tenacity, Roosevelt ultimately lost his bid for reelection.[31]
In California, the state Republican Party was controlled by Governor and Roosevelt ally Hiram Johnson, the vice presidential nominee, so Progressives there stayed with the Republican label (with one exception).
Most of the Progressive candidates were in New York, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Massachusetts. Only a few were in the South.
The lesser Progressive candidates generally got between 10% and 30% of the vote. Nine Progressives were elected to the House and none won governorships.[32]
Some historians speculate that if the Progressive Party had run only the Roosevelt presidential ticket, it might have attracted many more Republicans willing to split their ballot, but the progressive movement was strongest at the state level and so the new party had fielded candidates for governor and state legislature. In Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the local Republican boss, at odds with state party leaders, joined Roosevelt's cause. In spite of this, about 250 Progressives were elected to local offices. The Democrats gained many state legislature seats, which gave them 10 additional U.S. Senate seats—they also gained 63 U.S. House seats.
1914[edit]
Despite the failure of 1912, the Progressive Party did not disappear at once. One hundred thirty eight candidates, including women,[33] ran for the U.S. House as Progressives in 1914 and 5 were elected. However, almost half the candidates failed to get more than 10% of the vote.[34]
Gifford Pinchot placed second in the Senate election in Pennsylvania, gathering 24% of the vote.
Hiram Johnson was denied renomination for governor as a Republican—he ran as a Progressive and was re-elected. Seven other Progressives ran for governor; none got more than 16%.[35] Some state parties remained fairly strong. In Washington, Progressives won a third of the seats in the Washington State Legislature.
1916[edit]
Main article: 1916 Progressive National Convention
Louisiana businessman John M. Parker ran for governor as a Progressive early in the year (the Republican Party was deeply unpopular in Louisiana). Parker got a respectable 37% of the vote and was the only Progressive to run for governor that year.[36]
Later that year, the party held its second national convention, in conjunction with the Republican National Convention as this was to facilitate a possible reconciliation. Five delegates from each convention met to negotiate and the Progressives wanted reunification with Roosevelt as nominee, which the Republicans adamantly opposed. Meanwhile, Charles Evans Hughes, a moderate Progressive, became the front-runner at the Republican convention. He had been on the Supreme Court in 1912 and thus was completely neutral on the bitter debates that year. The Progressives suggested Hughes as a compromise candidate, then Roosevelt sent a message proposing conservative Senator Henry Cabot Lodge. The shocked Progressives immediately nominated Roosevelt again, with Parker as the vice presidential nominee. Roosevelt refused to accept the nomination and endorsed Hughes, who was immediately approved by the Republican convention.[37]
The remnants of the national Progressive party promptly disintegrated. Most Progressives reverted to the Republican Party, including Roosevelt, who stumped for Hughes; and Hiram Johnson, who was elected to the Senate as a Republican. Some leaders, such as Harold Ickes of Chicago, supported Wilson.
1918[edit]
All the remaining Progressives in Congress rejoined the Republican Party, except Whitmell Martin, who became a Democrat. No candidates ran as Progressives for governor, senator or representative.
Later years[edit]
Robert M. La Follette, Sr. broke bitterly with Roosevelt in 1912 and ran for President on his own ticket, the 1924 Progressive Party, during the 1924 presidential election.
From 1916 to 1932, the Taft wing controlled the Republican Party and refused to nominate any prominent 1912 Progressives to the Republican national ticket. Finally, Frank Knox was nominated for Vice President in 1936.
The relative domination of the Republican Party by conservatives left many former Progressives with no real affiliation until the 1930s, when most joined the New Deal Democratic Party coalition of President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Electoral history[edit]
In congressional elections[edit]
United States
House of Representatives
Election year
No. of
overall seats won
+/–
Presidency
1912
9 / 435
9 Woodrow Wilson
1914
6 / 435
3
1916
3 / 435
3
United States
Senate
Election year
No. of
overall seats won
+/–
Presidency
1912/1913
0 / 96
0 Woodrow Wilson
1914/1915
1 / 96
1
1916
0 / 96
1
In presidential elections[edit]
Election
Candidate
Votes
Vote %
Electoral votes
+/-
Outcome of election
1912 Theodore Roosevelt 4,122,721 27.4
88 / 531
88 Democratic victory
1916 None 33,406 0.2
0 / 531
88 Democratic victory
Office holders from the Progressive Party[edit]
Position
Name
State
Dates held office
Representative James W. Bryan Washington 1913–1915
Governor Joseph M. Carey Wyoming 1911–1912 as a Republican, 1912-1915 as a Progressive
Representative Walter M. Chandler New York 1913–1919
Representative Ira Clifton Copley Illinois 1915–1917 as a Progressive
Representative John Elston California 1915–1917 as a Progressive, 1917–1921 as a Republican
Lieutenant Governor John Morton Eshleman California 1915–1917
Representative Jacob Falconer Washington 1913–1915
Representative William H. Hinebaugh Illinois 1913–1915
Representative Willis J. Hulings Pennsylvania 1913–1915
Governor Hiram Johnson California 1911–1917
Representative Melville Clyde Kelly Pennsylvania 1917–1919 as a Progressive, 1919–1935 as a Republican
Representative William MacDonald Michigan 1913–1915
Representative Whitmell Martin Louisiana 1915–1919 as a Progressive, 1919–1929 as a Democrat
Senator Miles Poindexter Washington 1913–1915
Representative William Stephens California 1913–1917
Representative Henry Wilson Temple Pennsylvania 1913–1915
Representative Roy Woodruff Michigan 1913–1915
State Treasurer Homer D. Call New York 1914
Mayor Louis Will Syracuse, New York 1914–1916
Representative Parley P. Christensen Utah 1914–1916
See also[edit]
Committee of 48
Lincoln–Roosevelt League, the California Progressive Party in the early 1900s
List of United States Progressive Party presidential tickets
Progressive Party (United States, 1924)
Progressive Party (United States, 1948)
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ Morris, Edmund. Colonel Roosevelt. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks. p. 215.
Jump up ^ Jean Strouse (2012). Morgan: American Financier. Random House. p. 1413.
Jump up ^ John A. Garraty, Right Hand Man: The Life of George W. Perkins (1960)
Jump up ^ James Chace (2009). 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft and Debs -The Election that Changed the Country. Simon and Schuster. p. 250.
Jump up ^ Jonathan Lurie. William Howard Taft: The Travails of a Progressive Conservative (Cambridge University Press, 2012). p. 196.
Jump up ^ Lurie, William Howard Taft: The Travails of a Progressive Conservative p ix.
Jump up ^ Günter Bischof. "Eisenhower, the Judiciary, and Desegregation" by Stanley I. Kutler, Eisenhower: a centenary assessment. pp. 98.
Jump up ^ "Bull Moose years of Theodore Roosevelt by Theodore Roosevelt Association". Theodoreroosevelt.org. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
Jump up ^ George E. Mowry, "The South and the Progressive Lily White Party of 1912". Journal of Southern History 6#2 (1940): 237–247. JSTOR 2191208.
Jump up ^ Baum, B.; Harris, D. (2009). Racially Writing the Republic: Racists, Race Rebels, and Transformations of American Identity. Durham: Duke University Press. p. 188. ISBN 9780822344353.
Jump up ^ Paul D. Casdorph, Republicans, Negroes, and Progressives in the South, 1912-1916 (1981).
Jump up ^ Melanie Gustafson (2001). Women and the Republican Party, 1854–1924. p. 117.
Jump up ^ Patricia OToole (2006-06-25). ""The War of 1912," ''Time'' in partnership with CNN, Jun. 25, 2006". Time.com. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
Jump up ^ See clause # 4.
Jump up ^ Progressive Historians, by Richard Hofstadter, "He (Goodnow) was troubled by the thought that twentieth-century United States was governed by eighteenth-century precepts, and hence was caught between a virtually unamendable Constitution and wholly unamendable judges."
Jump up ^ Democratic Ideals, by Theodore Roosevelt, "We propose to make the process of constitutional amendment far easier, speedier, and simpler than at present."
Jump up ^ Gary Murphy, "'Mr. Roosevelt is Guilty': Theodore Roosevelt and the Crusade for Constitutionalism, 1910–1912". Journal of American Studies 36#3 (2002): 441-457.
Jump up ^ William Kolasky, "The Election of 1912: A Pivotal Moment in Antitrust History". Antitrust 25 (2010): 82+
Jump up ^ Robert Alexander Kraig, "The 1912 Election and the Rhetorical Foundations of the Liberal State". Rhetoric and Public Affairs (2000): 363–395. JSTOR 41940243.
Jump up ^ Gustafson (2001). Women and the Republican Party, 1854-1924. p. 117.
Jump up ^ Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U. S. elections. Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1985. pp. 295, 348.
Jump up ^ "The Bull Moose and related media". Archived from the original on March 8, 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2010. to make sure that no violence was done.
Jump up ^ Remey, Oliver E.; Cochems, Henry F.; Bloodgood, Wheeler P. (1912). The Attempted Assassination of Ex-President Theodore Roosevelt. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The Progressive Publishing Company. p. 192.
Jump up ^ "Medical History of American Presidents". Doctor Zebra. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Excerpt", Detroit Free Press, History buff .
^ Jump up to: a b "It Takes More Than That to Kill a Bull Moose: The Leader and The Cause". Theodore Roosevelt Association. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Roosevelt Timeline". Theodore Roosevelt. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ Timeline of Theodore Roosevelt's Life by the Theodore Roosevelt Association at www.theodoreroosevelt.org
Jump up ^ Donavan, p. 119
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on September 19, 2015. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Justice Story: Teddy Roosevelt survives assassin when bullet hits folded speech in his pocket". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on January 30, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. elections (1985), pp. 489–535, 873–879
Jump up ^ "A Kansas Woman Runs for Congress". The Independent. Jul 13, 1914. Retrieved August 14, 2012.
Jump up ^ Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U. S. elections (1985), pp. 880–885
Jump up ^ Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U. S. elections (1985), pp. 489–535
Jump up ^ Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U. S. elections (1985), p. 503
Jump up ^ Fred L. Israel, "Bainbridge Colby and the Progressive Party, 1914–1916". New York History 40.1 (1959): 33–46. JSTOR 23153527.
Further reading[edit]
Broderick, Francis L. Progressivism at risk: Electing a President in 1912 (Praeger, 1989).
Chace, James. 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft & Debs—the Election That Changed the Country (2004).
Cowan, Geoffrey. Let the People Rule: Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of the Presidential Primary (2016).
Delahaye, Claire. "The New Nationalism and Progressive Issues: The Break with Taft and the 1912 Campaign," in Serge Ricard, ed., A Companion to Theodore Roosevelt (2011) pp. 452–467. online.
DeWitt, Benjamin P. The Progressive Movement: A Non-Partisan, Comprehensive Discussion of Current Tendencies in American Politics (1915).
Flehinger, Brett. The 1912 Election and the Power of Progressivism: A Brief History with Documents (Bedford/St. Martin's, 2003).
Gable, John A. The Bullmoose Years: Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Party. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1978.
Gould, Lewis L. Four hats in the ring: The 1912 election and the birth of modern American politics (Univ Pr of Kansas, 2008).
Jensen, Richard. "Theodore Roosevelt" in Encyclopedia of Third Parties (ME Sharpe, 2000). pp. 702–707.
Kraig, Robert Alexander. "The 1912 Election and the Rhetorical Foundations of the Liberal State". Rhetoric and Public Affairs (2000): 363–395. JSTOR 41940243.
Milkis, Sidney M., and Daniel J. Tichenor. "'Direct Democracy' and Social Justice: The Progressive Party Campaign of 1912". Studies in American Political Development 8#2 (1994): 282–340.
Milkis, Sidney M. Theodore Roosevelt, the Progressive Party, and the Transformation of American Democracy. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 2009.
Mowry, George E. The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America. New York: Harper and Row, 1962.
Painter, Carl, "The Progressive Party In Indiana", Indiana Magazine of History, vol. 16, no. 3 (Sept. 1920), pp. 173–283. JSTOR 27785944.
Pinchot, Amos. What's the Matter with America: The Meaning of the Progressive Movement and the Rise of the New Party. n.c.: Amos Pinchot, 1912.
Pinchot, Amos. History of the Progressive Party, 1912–1916. Introduction by Helene Maxwell Hooker. (New York University Press, 1958).
Roosevelt, Theodore. Bull Moose on the Stump: The 1912 Campaign Speeches of Theodore Roosevelt Ed. Lewis L. Gould. (UP of Kansas, 2008).
Selmi, Patrick. "Jane Addams and the Progressive Party Campaign for President in 1912". Journal of Progressive Human Services 22.2 (2011): 160–190.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Progressive Party (United States, 1912).
editorial cartoons
TeddyRoosevelt.com: Bull Moose Information
1912 platform of the Progressive Party
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