text:
Celebratory gunfire
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Celebratory gunfire (also called aerial firing or happy fire) is the shooting of a firearm into the air in celebration. It is culturally accepted in parts of the Balkans, the Middle East, the Central Asian region of Afghanistan, and the South Asian region of Pakistan. In regions such as Puerto Rico and continental areas of the United States it is practiced illegally, especially on holidays like New Year's Eve.[1]
Common occasions for celebratory gunfire include New Year's Day as well as the religious holidays Christmas and Eid.[2] The practice may result in random death and injury from stray bullets. Property damage is sometimes another result of celebratory gunfire; shattered windows and damaged roofs are often found after such celebrations.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Falling-bullet injuries
2 Property damage
3 Trends
4 Notable incidents
4.1 Middle East
4.2 United States
4.3 South Asia
4.4 Europe
4.5 South America
5 Penalties
6 Cultural references
7 See also
8 References
9 Further reading
10 External links
Falling-bullet injuries[edit]
"Bullets are not greeting cards. Celebrate without firearms." From the IANSA Macedonian poster campaign, December 2005
Bullets fired into the air usually fall back with terminal velocities much lower than their muzzle velocity when they leave the barrel of a firearm. Nevertheless, people can be injured, sometimes fatally, when bullets discharged into the air fall back down to the ground. Bullets fired at angles less than vertical are more dangerous as the bullet maintains its angular ballistic trajectory and is far less likely to engage in tumbling motion; it therefore travels at speeds much higher than a bullet in free fall.
A study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that 80% of celebratory gunfire-related injuries are to the head, feet, and shoulders.[4] In Puerto Rico, about two people die and about 25 more are injured each year from celebratory gunfire on New Year's Eve, the CDC says.[5] Between the years 1985 and 1992, doctors at the King/Drew Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, treated some 118 people for random falling-bullet injuries. Thirty-eight of them died.[6]
Firearms expert Julian Hatcher studied falling bullets in the 1920s and calculated that .30 caliber rounds reach terminal velocities of 90 m/s (300 feet per second or 186 miles per hour).[7] A bullet traveling at only 61 m/s (200 feet per second) to 100 m/s (330 feet per second) can penetrate human skin.[8]
In 2005, the International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA) ran education campaigns on the dangers of celebratory gunfire in Serbia and Montenegro.[9] In Serbia, the campaign slogan was "every bullet that is fired up, must come down."[10]
Property damage[edit]
Bullets often lodge in roofs, causing minor damage that requires repair in most cases. Normally, the bullet will penetrate the roof surface through to the roof deck, leaving a hole where water may run into the building and cause a leak.[11]
Trends[edit]
Philippine Health Secretary Francisco Duque III noted the drop in stray bullet injuries, in that country, during the 2005 year-end holiday period – from 33 cases to 19.[12]
The number of complaints regarding random shooting in Dallas, Texas, on New Year's Eve declined from approximately 1,000 in 1999 to 800 each in 2001 and 2002.[3]
In early 2008, increased partisanship in Lebanon led to the practice of firing celebratory gunfire in support when politicians appeared on local television, leading to multiple deaths and to calls from these leaders to end the practice.[13]
Notable incidents[edit]
Middle East[edit]
April 6, 2014: A 20-year-old pregnant mother of two, Wadia Baidawi, was struck in the head and killed by a stray bullet from her neighbor’s wedding in Sidon, Lebanon.[14]
November 21, 2012: Following a cease-fire ending fighting with Israel, celebratory gunfire in the Gaza Strip killed a man and wounded three others.[15]
October 30, 2012: Twenty-three people were electrocuted after celebratory gunfire brought down a power cable during a wedding party in eastern Saudi Arabia.[16]
August 2012: A Kuwaiti bridegroom was killed when a friend of his accidentally shot him as he charged his gun to fire into the air in celebration.[17]
August 2010: 2 people were killed and 13 were injured in Jordan, as part of the yearly celebration of the announcement of the result of Tawjihi.[18]
July 29, 2007: At least four people were killed and 17 others wounded by celebratory gunfire in the capital city of Baghdad, Iraq, following the victory of the national football team in the AFC Asian Cup.[19][20] Celebratory gunfire occurred despite warnings issued by Iraqi security forces and the country's leading Shiite cleric, Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani, who forbade the gunfire with a religious fatwā.[21]
July 22, 2003: More than 20 people were killed in Iraq from celebratory gunfire following the deaths of Saddam Hussein's sons Uday and Qusay in 2003.[13]
United States[edit]
July 1, 2017: A 13-year-old boy, Noah Inman, was struck in his head and killed while playing basketball in the street.[22]
January 1, 2017: Armando Martinez, a Texas state Representative, was wounded in the head by a stray bullet during a New Year's celebration.[23]
January 1, 2015: A 43-year-old man, Javier Suarez Rivera, was struck in his head and killed while watching fireworks with his family in Houston.[24][25]
July 4, 2013: A 7-year-old boy, Brendon Mackey, was struck in the top of his head and killed while walking with his father shortly before 9 p.m. amid a large crowd prior to the fireworks display over the Swift Creek Reservoir, outside Richmond, Virginia.[26]
January 1, 2013: A 10-year-old girl, Aaliyah Boyer, collapsed after being struck in the back of the head while watching the neighborhood fireworks in Eklton, Maryland. She died two days later of her injuries. [27]
July 4, 2012: A 34-year-old woman, Michelle Packard, was struck in the head and killed while watching the fireworks with her family. The police believe the shot could have come from a mile away.[28]
January 1, 2010: A four-year-old boy, Marquel Peters, was struck by a bullet and killed inside his church The Church of God of Prophecy in Decatur, GA. It is presumed the bullet may have penetrated the roof of the church around 12:20AM.[29]
December 28, 2005: A 23-year-old U.S. Army private on leave after basic training fired a 9mm pistol into the air in celebration with friends, according to police, one of the bullets came through a fifth-floor apartment window in the New York City borough of Queens, striking a 28-year-old mother of two in the eye. Her husband found her lifeless body moments later. The shooter had been drinking the night before and turned himself in to police the next morning when he heard the news. He was charged with second-degree manslaughter and weapons-related crimes,[30][31] and was later found guilty and sentenced to 4 to 12 years in prison.[32]
June 14, 1999: Arizona, A 14-year-old girl, Shannon Smith, was struck on the top of her head by a bullet and killed while in the backyard of her home.[33] This incident resulted in Arizona enacting "Shannon's Law" in 2000, that made the discharge of a firearm into the air illegal.
December 31, 1994: Amy Silberman, a tourist from Boston, was killed by a falling bullet from celebratory firing while walking on the Riverwalk in the French Quarter of New Orleans, Louisiana. The Police Department there has been striving to educate the public on the danger since then, frequently making arrests for firing into the air.[34]
July 4, 1950: Bernard Doyle was killed in his seat while attending a New York Giants game at the Polo Grounds. The bullet was determined to have been fired by Robert Peebles, a juvenile, from an apartment building some distance away on Coogan's Bluff, presumably in celebration of Independence Day.[35][36][37]
South Asia[edit]
November 16, 2016: A self-proclaimed godwoman and her private guards went on a celebratory shooting spree at a wedding in Haryana's Karnal town in India, killing the groom's aunt and leaving three of his relatives critically wounded.[38]
February 25, 2007: Five people were killed by stray bullets fired at a kite festival in Lahore, Pakistan, including a six-year-old schoolboy who was struck in the head near his home in the city's Mazang area.[39]
December 1859: An autopsy showed that a native servant in India, who suddenly fell dead for no apparent reason, was mortally wounded from a bullet fired from a distance too far for the shot to be heard. The falling bullet had sufficient energy to pass through the victim's shoulder, a rib, a lung, his heart and his diaphragm.[40]
June 6, 2013: a 42-year-old Pakistani woman was killed by a stray bullet from celebratory gunfire. The gunfire was attributed to celebrations for the election of Pakistan's prime minister Newaz Sharif. Her 19-year-old niece was also hit, and rushed to hospital in critical condition.[41]
Europe[edit]
January 1, 2005: A stray bullet hit a young girl during New Year celebrations in the central square of downtown Skopje, Macedonia. She died two days later. This incident led to the 2006 IANSA awareness campaign in that country.[2]
October 12, 2003: Wedding guests in Belgrade, Serbia mistakenly shot down a small aircraft.[42]
On 7 January 2008, at about 9:30 pm, a Montenegro Airlines Fokker 100 (4O-AOK) was shot at while landing at Podgorica Airport. A routine inspection of the aircraft led to the discovery of a bullet hole in the aircraft's tail. The aircraft was carrying 20 passengers, but no one was injured. The reason for the incident is unknown; however, reports indicate that it may have been an inadvertent result of guns being fired during celebrations for Orthodox Christmas.
South America[edit]
December 25, 2012: A stray bullet killed a three-year-old girl in Asunción, Paraguay.[43]
Penalties[edit]
In the Republic of Macedonia, a person found guilty of firing off a gun during celebrations faces a jail sentence of up to ten years.[2]
In Pakistan, section 144 of the law is imposed to prevent aerial firing during celebrations if harm is caused, and an FIR may be registered against a person who does so. However, many cases of aerial firing go unreported.[1]
In the United States, crime classifications vary from a misdemeanor to a felony in different states:
In Arizona, firing a gun into the air was raised from a misdemeanor to a felony by Shannon's law, in response to the death of a 14-year-old from a stray bullet in 1999.[44]
In California, discharging a firearm into the air is a felony punishable by three years in state prison. If the stray bullet kills someone, the shooter can be charged with murder.[45][46]
In Minnesota, it is illegal to discharge a firearm over a cemetery, or at or in a public transit vehicle. Additionally, local governments may regulate the discharge of a weapon within their jurisdictions.[44]
In Ohio, discharging a firearm or a deadly weapon in a public place is classified as disorderly conduct, a Class B misdemeanor, punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000.[47]
In Texas, random gunfire is a Class A misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum one year in jail and $4,000 fine. Anyone who injures or kills someone with a stray bullet could face more serious felony charges.[3]
In Wisconsin, criminal charges for this type of offense range from "endangering safety by use of a dangerous weapon" to "reckless homicide" in the event of a death, with penalties ranging from nine months to 25 years in prison."[5]
Cultural references[edit]
The non-fiction U.S. cable television program MythBusters on the Discovery Channel covered this topic in Episode 50: "Bullets Fired Up" (original airdate: April 19, 2006). Special-effects experts Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman conducted a series of experiments to answer the question: "Can celebratory gunfire kill when the bullets fall back to earth?"
Using pig carcasses, they worked out the terminal velocity of a falling bullet and had a mixed result, answering the question with all three of the show's possible outcomes: Confirmed, Plausible and Busted.[48] They tested falling bullets by firing them from both a handgun and a rifle, by firing them from an air gun designed to propel them at terminal velocity, and by dropping them in the desert from an instrumented balloon.
They found that while bullets traveling on a perfectly vertical trajectory tumble on the way down, creating turbulence that reduces terminal velocity below that which would kill, it was very difficult to fire a bullet in a near-ideal vertical trajectory. In practice, bullets were likely to remain spin-stabilized on a ballistic trajectory and fall at a potentially lethal terminal velocity. They also verified cases of actual deaths from falling bullets.[49]
See also[edit]
Feu de joie
21-gun salute
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Shaikh, Hassan Latif (29 June 2012). "Celebratory gunfire". Dawn. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Campaign in Macedonia raises awareness of dangers posed by gunfire (SETimes.com)". Retrieved 2007-08-01.
^ Jump up to: a b c "New Year's Eve gunfire may bring jail time". United Press International. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ "New Year's Eve Injuries Caused by Celebratory Gunfire --- Puerto Rico, 2003". Retrieved 2007-07-31.
^ Jump up to: a b Abdul-Alim, Jamaal (2005-12-29). "JS Online: Hold the gunfire". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
Jump up ^ Incorvaia, A.N.; Poulos, D.M.; Jones, R.N.; Tschirhart, J.M. (2007-01-01). "Can a Falling Bullet Be Lethal at Terminal Velocity? Cardiac Injury Caused by a Celebratory Bullet". The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 83 (1): 283–4. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.04.046. PMID 17184680. Archived from the original (abstract) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ Hatcher, Julian Sommerville (1962). Hatcher's Notebook. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 514. ISBN 0-8117-0795-4.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Michael J. (2005). Head, Face and Neck Trauma: Comprehensive Management. New York: Thieme Medical Publishers. p. 189. ISBN 1-58890-308-7.
Jump up ^ "Shooting in the air: turning celebration into tragedy". International Action Network on Small Arms. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
Jump up ^ "Serbs Told To Keep Guns Quiet On New Year's Eve – RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY". Retrieved 2007-08-01.
Jump up ^ "Professionals Topics Library : Roofs & Bullets". Archived from the original on 2007-08-17. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ Javellana-Santos, Julie. "3 Killed, Over 600 Injured in Philippine Year-End Revelry". Arab News. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
^ Jump up to: a b Ayed, Nahlah (2008-04-15). "Mideast Dispatches: Deadly merriment, the fallout from celebratory gunfire". CBC News. Retrieved 2008-08-17.
Jump up ^ Mohammed Zaatari (2014-04-07). "Sidon demands security after stray-bullet death". The Daily Star, Lebanon. Retrieved 2014-04-14.
Jump up ^ "Man killed by celebratory gunfire in Gaza". Ma'an News Agency. 22 November 2011.
Jump up ^ "Celebratory gunfire at Saudi wedding cuts cable, 23 electrocuted". Reuters. 2012-10-31. Retrieved 2012-10-31.
Jump up ^ "Celebratory fire kills Kuwaiti groom at wedding". AFP. 22 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Jordanian King Goes to War Over Celebratory Gunfire". Green Prophet. 2010-08-20. Retrieved 2012-11-06.
Jump up ^ Burton, Randy (2007-07-31). "Raining bullets in the Middle East". The StarPhoenix. Archived from the original on 2007-12-06. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
Jump up ^ "Gunshots celebrate Iraq soccer win, leave 4 dead". Associated Press. AM New York. 2007-07-30. p. 9.
Jump up ^ "Soccer underdogs unite Iraqis". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2007-08-01. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ Quinn, Michelle L. (2017-07-10). "Boy, 13, dies after being hit by falling bullet in Hammond". Chicago Post-Tribune. Retrieved 2017-07-11.
Jump up ^ http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/02/us/texas-representative-bullet-hits-head/index.html
Jump up ^ http://www.star-telegram.com/news/state/texas/article5292357.html
Jump up ^ https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/02/us-usa-texas-death-idUSKBN0KB1B420150102
Jump up ^ http://www.timesdispatch.com/news/local/chesterfield/boy-shot-in-head-at-chesterfield-fireworks-celebration/article_95a28426-e549-11e2-a881-001a4bcf6878.html
Jump up ^ https://www.thetrace.org/2015/12/celebratory-gunfire-new-years/
Jump up ^ Rowe, Kellie (2012-07-08). "Student shot at fireworks show, died next morning". The State News. Retrieved 2013-06-06.
Jump up ^ "Falling Bullet Kills 4-Year-Old Boy In DeKalb". wsbtv.com. 2010-01-02. Retrieved 2012-01-13.
Jump up ^ "Stray bullet kills S Asian expat". BBC NEWS. 2005-12-31. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ Kilgannon, Corey (2005-12-31). "Soldier Charged in Shooting Death of Woman at Window". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ Meenan, Mick (2006-06-01). "Metro Briefing : New York: Queens: Ex-Private Gets 4 To 12 Years For Manslaughter". New York Times. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ http://www.azcentral.com/specials/special14/articles/1015coldcase15.html
Jump up ^ "History Of The New Orleans Police Department". Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
Jump up ^ "Mystery Bullet Kills Baseball Fan In Midst of Crowd at Polo Grounds". The New York Times. July 5, 1950. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Mystery Shot Kills Baseball Fan in Crowd of 49,000". Chicago Tribune. July 5, 1950. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Boy Confesses Firing Shot into Polo Grounds". The Day (New London). July 8, 1950. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sadhvi Deva Thakur booked as celebratory firing kills woman". Indian Express.
Jump up ^ "11 Dead At Pakistani Kite Festival, Metal Kite Strings, Stray Celebratory Gunfire Claim Lives At Annual Event, More Than 100 Injured". CBS News. 2007-02-26. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ Longmore, Thomas (1895). Gunshot Injuries, Their History, Characteristic Features, Complications, and General Treatment. Longmans, Green.
Jump up ^ "Celebratory gunfire kills woman". IOL News. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
Jump up ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3185884.stm
Jump up ^ "Bala perdida mata a una niña de tres años". Retrieved 2012-12-27.
^ Jump up to: a b "Celebratory Gunfire". Citizens For A Safer Minnesota. Retrieved 2007-08-03. [permanent dead link]
Jump up ^ "4th of July Gunfire Reduction Program". Official web site of the Los Angeles Police Department. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
Jump up ^ "New Years' Eve Gunfire Can Be Deadly". MyMotherLode.com News. Clarke Broadcasting Corporation. 2002-12-31. Archived from the original on 2006-11-30.
Jump up ^ "WTAW News Talk 1620 – News Archives". Retrieved 2007-08-02. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Discovery Channel :: Mythbusters: Episode Guide". StarPhoenix. CanWest Interactive. Archived from the original on 2007-08-23. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
Jump up ^ "Annotated Mythbusters: Episode 50: Bullets Fired Up, Vodka Myths III". Retrieved 2007-08-01.
Further reading[edit]
"Falling bullets: terminal velocities and penetration studies", by L. C. Haag, Wound Ballistics Conference, April 1994, Sacramento, California.
External links[edit]
UN Development Programme activity report
Can a bullet fired into the air kill someone when it comes down? The Straight Dope
Celebratory Gunfire: Good Idea or Not?
'Celebratory' shot kills groom
Spreading the Word About Dangers of Celebratory Gunfire: Henry Louis Adams
Minister Fighting to End Celebratory Gunfire
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text:
Clarinet Quintet (Mozart)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Quintet in A major for Clarinet and Strings, K. 581, was written in 1789 for the clarinetist Anton Stadler. A clarinet quintet is a work for one clarinet and a string quartet (two violins, a viola and a cello). Although originally written for basset clarinet,[1] in contemporary performances it is usually played on a clarinet in A or B-flat for convenience's sake. It was Mozart's only completed clarinet quintet, and is one of the earliest and best-known works written especially for the instrument. It remains to this day one of the most admired of the composer's works. The quintet is sometimes referred to as the Stadler Quintet; Mozart so described it in a letter of April 1790.
A fragment of score exists for a second (though possibly written first) clarinet quintet in B-flat, of which a complete exposition survives.[citation needed] It is possible that Mozart completed the movement, as the score continues into the development section on the last surviving page.[citation needed] This fragment is unlikely to be a sketch, as it bears no marks of correction. Nevertheless, the A major quintet is Mozart's sole surviving complete work for clarinet quintet.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition and premiere
2 Structure
2.1 First movement
2.2 Second movement
2.3 Third movement
2.4 Fourth movement
3 Analysis
4 References
5 External links
Composition and premiere[edit]
The composer indicated that the work was finished on 29 September 1789. It received its premiere on 22 December of the same year, in one of the four annual Vienna performances of the Tonkünstler-Societät, an organization that existed to fund pensions for widows and orphans of musicians. The main item on the program was a cantata, Il natale d'Apollo, by Vincenzo Righini; Mozart's work was performed between the two halves of this work. The solo clarinet part was taken by Stadler, the first violin part by Joseph Zistler.[2]
Structure[edit]
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The quintet consists of four movements:
Allegro, 2/2
Larghetto, 3/4 in D major
Menuetto – Trio I – Trio II, 3/4 (Trio I in A minor)
Allegretto con Variazioni, 2/2
First movement[edit]
1. Allegro
Problems playing this file? See media help.
The first movement sets the mood for the entire piece. It has beautiful moving lines in all of the parts and in the second half there is a virtuoso run that is passed throughout the strings, based on material from the second section of the exposition.
Second movement[edit]
2. Larghetto
The second movement, in sonata form[citation needed] with a six-bar transition in place of a central development section, opposes a first section which is mostly a long-breathed clarinet melody over muted strings, to a second group of themes in which —as in the first movement— several upward runs of scales are given to the first violin, alternating with brief phrases of clarinet melody. These scales are given to the clarinet in the recapitulation, and then in the last few bars of the movement, more chromatic than the rest, the scales turn into triplet arpeggios traded between the strings under the closing clarinet phrases.
Third movement[edit]
3. Menuetto
The third movement consists of a minuet and, unusually, two trios. The first trio is for the strings alone, with a theme that has a signature acciaccatura every few notes. The second trio is a clarinet solo over the strings, whereas in the minuet the roles are distributed more evenly.
Fourth movement[edit]
4. Allegretto con variazioni
All performed by William McColl with the Philadelphia String Quartet
The finale is in variation form, unexpectedly substituting for the more conventional rondo (Warrack 3). There are five variations. The theme is in two repeated halves, with the clarinet joining in but only for a few of its bars. As often with Mozart, phrase structure is generally the same throughout the variations even if other qualities change – the theme consists of four four-bar phrases (Mozart is often more irregular in his phrasing than this), the first going harmonically from A to E, the second back from E to A, etc. and likewise with the variations.
The first of its variations gives the clarinet a new theme, in counterpoint with the theme of the variations divided amongst the quartet. The second alternates phrases for quartet only with phrases for full quintet, the latter answering the former. The third, in A minor, also begins without clarinet, with a viola melody —also with signature acciaccatura— but the clarinet joins in to finish. The major mode returns for the fourth variation, as does the main theme to the accompaniment of semiquaver virtuosity – given to the clarinet only in the first repeated half, first violin and clarinet in the second. There are four bars of dramatic interruption leading to a pause; the next variation is a lyrical Adagio. A transition brings us to an Allegro coda, containing much of a variation itself.
Analysis[edit]
There are a number of similarities between this quintet and Mozart's Clarinet Concerto. Both are in the key of A major and were written for the same soloist, Anton Stadler. Both pieces are written for the basset clarinet, which has an extended lower range. Also, the first theme of the first movement of each piece begins with a falling minor third. Both the second movements are in the same key (D major) and have similar characters and many similar phrases, although they have different tempo markings. There is a direct quotation of two bars in the second movement of the Quintet of the clarinet line in the Concerto's second movement.
Mozart also wrote a trio for clarinet, viola and piano for Stadler, the so-called Kegelstatt Trio, in 1786.
Alfred Einstein[3] notes that while the clarinet "predominates as primus inter pares" (first amongst equals) this is nonetheless "chamber music work of the finest kind" and the roles are distributed more equally than they would be in a more concertante quintet for wind and strings.
References[edit]
Notes
Jump up ^ Oxford Music Online, "Basset clarinet", Nicholas Shackleton
Jump up ^ Otto Erich Deutsch (1965) Mozart: A Documentary Biography. Stanford: Stanford University Press. p. 359
Jump up ^ Einstein, Alfred, trans. Mendel, A. and Broder, N.Mozart, His Character, His Work, 194. Oxford University Press 1945
Sources
Einstein, Alfred. translated by Mendel, A. and Broder, N. Mozart, His Character, His Work. Dover Publications paperback 1972 republication of 1945 Oxford University Press edition. ISBN 978-0-19-500732-9.
Warrack, John. "The Mellowness of Maturity." Liner notes for Mozart/Brahms, Clarinet Quintets, Harold Wright and Boston Symphony Chamber Players, Philips, 1993.
External links[edit]
Quintett in A KV 581: Score and critical report (in German) in the Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
Clarinet Quintet in A major: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
Clarinet Quintet (Mozart) at the Mutopia Project
Student recording by Umesh Shankar
Sound clip at Encarta (Archived 2009-10-31)
Music of Reed at Closed End
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List of Grand Slam men's singles champions
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article details the list of men's singles Grand Slam tournaments tennis champions. Some major changes have taken place in history and have affected the number of titles that have been won by various players. These have included the opening of the French national championships to international players in 1925, the elimination of the challenge round in 1922, and the admission of professional players in 1968 (the start of the 'Open' era).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
Note: All of these tournaments have been listed since they began, rather than when they officially became majors. The Australian and US tournaments have only been officially regarded as majors by the ILTF (now the ITF) since 1924 (though many regarded the US Championships as a major before then). The French Championships have only been a major since 1925 (when it became open to all amateurs internationally). Before 1924 (since 1912/1913 to 1923) there were 3 official majors: Wimbledon, the World Hard Court Championships (played on clay) and the World Covered Court Championships (played on an indoor wood surface).
Roger Federer has won 19 Major singles titles, 8 of them at Wimbledon - the most by any man in history.
Rod Laver is the only man in history to win all four Majors in the same calendar year "The Grand Slam" twice (1962 and 1969)
Don Budge is the only male player in tennis history to have won six consecutive Grand Slam singles titles, from Wimbledon 1937 to U.S. Championships 1938.
Rafael Nadal has won 16 Major titles, including 10 French Open titles at Roland Garros, making him the only male player with ten titles at one particular Grand Slam event.
Pete Sampras won 14 Major titles, 7 of them at Wimbledon. 14 Major titles was the world record at the time of his retirement in 2002.
Bill Tilden won 10 Major titles in the 1920s, becoming the first male player to achieve this feat.
Ken Rosewall holds a record 15 Pro Slam titles, and a record 23 overall Major titles, counting both Amateur and Pro circuits.
Roy Emerson was the first male player in history to win each Major title twice, and the only player to have won a career Grand Slam in both singles and doubles.
Novak Djokovic is the first player to hold all four major titles on three different surfaces simultaneously. He is tied with Roy Emerson for 12 major titles and for the all-time record of 6 Australian titles.
Andre Agassi was the first male player to complete the Career Grand Slam on three different surfaces, and the first male player in history to win the Career Golden Slam (winning the four Grand Slams and the Olympic Gold Medal in singles).
Contents
[hide]
1 Champions by year
2 Statistics
2.1 Grand Slam singles titles by decade
2.1.1 1920s
2.1.2 1930s
2.1.3 1940s
2.1.4 1950s
2.1.5 1960s
2.1.6 1970s
2.1.7 1980s
2.1.8 1990s
2.1.9 2000s
2.1.10 2010s
2.2 Most Grand Slam singles titles (5 or more)
2.3 Most singles titles by Grand Slam tournament
2.4 Grand Slam singles titles by country (open era)
2.5 Most consecutive years with at least one Grand Slam title
2.6 Achieved a Career Grand Slam
2.7 Completed the Grand Slam
2.8 Winners of three Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
2.9 Winners of two Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
2.10 Winners of three or more consecutive Grand Slam singles titles
2.11 Winners of five or more singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
2.12 Winners of four or more consecutive singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
2.13 Winning a Grand Slam singles tournament without losing a set
2.13.1 Chronological timeline (by player)
2.13.2 Occurrences by Grand Slam tournament
3 See also
4 Notes
Champions by year
Year
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
1877 started in 1905 started in 1891 Spencer Gore started in 1881
1878 tournament not created tournament not created Frank Hadow tournament not created
1879 tournament not created tournament not created John Hartley (1/2) tournament not created
1880 tournament not created tournament not created John Hartley (2/2) tournament not created
1881 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (1/7) Richard Sears (1/7)
1882 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (2/7) Richard Sears (2/7)
1883 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (3/7) Richard Sears (3/7)
1884 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (4/7) Richard Sears (4/7)
1885 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (5/7) Richard Sears (5/7)
1886 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (6/7) Richard Sears (6/7)
1887 tournament not created tournament not created Herbert Lawford Richard Sears (7/7)
1888 tournament not created tournament not created Ernest Renshaw Henry Slocum (1/2)
1889 tournament not created tournament not created William Renshaw (7/7) Henry Slocum (2/2)
1890 tournament not created tournament not created Willoughby Hamilton Oliver Campbell (1/3)
1891 tournament not created Briggs, H.H. Briggs * Wilfred Baddeley (1/3) Oliver Campbell (2/3)
1892 tournament not created Schopfer, JeanJean Schopfer * Wilfred Baddeley (2/3) Oliver Campbell (3/3)
1893 tournament not created Riboulet, LaurentLaurent Riboulet * Joshua Pim (1/2) Robert Wrenn (1/4)
1894 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Joshua Pim (2/2) Robert Wrenn (2/4)
1895 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Wilfred Baddeley (3/3) Fred Hovey
1896 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Harold Mahony Robert Wrenn (3/4)
1897 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (1/4) Robert Wrenn (4/4)
1898 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (2/4) Malcolm Whitman (1/3)
1899 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (3/4) Malcolm Whitman (2/3)
1900 tournament not created Aymé, PaulPaul Aymé * Reginald Doherty (4/4) Malcolm Whitman (3/3)
1901 tournament not created Vacherot, AndréAndré Vacherot * Arthur Gore (1/3) William Larned (1/7)
1902 tournament not created Vacherot, MichelMichel Vacherot * Laurence Doherty (1/6) William Larned (2/7)
1903 tournament not created Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Laurence Doherty (2/6) Laurence Doherty (3/6)
1904 tournament not created Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Laurence Doherty (4/6) Holcombe Ward
1905 Rodney Heath (1/2) Germot, MauriceMaurice Germot * Laurence Doherty (5/6) Beals Wright
1906 Anthony Wilding (1/6) Germot, MauriceMaurice Germot * Laurence Doherty (6/6) William Clothier
1907 Horace Rice Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Norman Brookes (1/3) William Larned (3/7)
1908 Fred Alexander Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Arthur Gore (2/3) William Larned (4/7)
1909 Anthony Wilding (2/6) Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Arthur Gore (3/3) William Larned (5/7)
1910 Rodney Heath (2/2) Germot, MauriceMaurice Germot * Anthony Wilding (3/6) William Larned (6/7)
1911 Norman Brookes (2/3) Gobert, AndréAndré Gobert * Anthony Wilding (4/6) William Larned (7/7)
1912 James Cecil Parke Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Anthony Wilding (5/6) Maurice McLoughlin (1/2)
1913 Ernie Parker Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Anthony Wilding (6/6) Maurice McLoughlin (2/2)
1914 Arthur O'Hara Wood Decugis, MaxMax Decugis * Norman Brookes (3/3) Richard Williams (1/2)
1915 Francis Lowe no competition no competition William Johnston (1/3)
1916 no competition no competition no competition Richard Williams (2/2)
1917 no competition no competition no competition Robert Lindley Murray (1/2)
1918 no competition no competition no competition Robert Lindley Murray (2/2)
1919 Algernon Kingscote † no competition Gerald Patterson (1/3) William Johnston (2/3)
1920 Pat O'Hara Wood (1/2) Gobert, AndréAndré Gobert * Bill Tilden (1/10) Bill Tilden (2/10)
1921 Rhys Gemmell Samazeuilh, JeanJean Samazeuilh * Bill Tilden (3/10) Bill Tilden (4/10)
1922 James Anderson (1/3) Cochet, HenriHenri Cochet * Gerald Patterson (2/3) Bill Tilden (5/10)
1923 Pat O'Hara Wood (2/2) †† Blanchy, FrançoisFrançois Blanchy * William Johnston (3/3) Bill Tilden (6/10)
1924 James Anderson (2/3) Borotra, JeanJean Borotra * Jean Borotra (1/4) Bill Tilden (7/10)
1925 James Anderson (3/3) René Lacoste (1/7) ** René Lacoste (2/7) Bill Tilden (8/10)
1926 John Hawkes Henri Cochet (1/7) Jean Borotra (2/4) René Lacoste (3/7)
1927 Gerald Patterson (3/3)††† René Lacoste (4/7) Henri Cochet (2/7) René Lacoste (5/7)
1928 Jean Borotra (3/4) Henri Cochet (3/7) René Lacoste (6/7) Henri Cochet (4/7)
1929 John Gregory René Lacoste (7/7) Henri Cochet (5/7) Bill Tilden (9/10)
1930 Edgar Moon Henri Cochet (6/7) Bill Tilden (10/10) John Doeg
1931 Jack Crawford (1/6) Jean Borotra (4/4) Sidney Wood Ellsworth Vines (1/3)
1932 Jack Crawford (2/6) Henri Cochet (7/7) Ellsworth Vines (2/3) Ellsworth Vines (3/3)
1933 Jack Crawford (3/6) Jack Crawford (4/6) Jack Crawford (5/6) Fred Perry (1/8)
1934 Fred Perry (2/8) Gottfried von Cramm (1/2) Fred Perry (3/8) Fred Perry (4/8)
1935 Jack Crawford (6/6) Fred Perry (5/8) Fred Perry (6/8) Wilmer Allison
1936 Adrian Quist (1/3) GER Gottfried von Cramm (2/2) Fred Perry (7/8) Fred Perry (8/8)
1937 Vivian McGrath Henner Henkel Don Budge (1/6) Don Budge (2/6)
1938 Don Budge (3/6) Don Budge (4/6) Don Budge (5/6) Don Budge (6/6)
1939 John Bromwich (1/2) Don McNeill (1/2) Bobby Riggs (1/3) Bobby Riggs (2/3)
1940 Adrian Quist (2/3) no competition no competition Don McNeill (2/2)
1941 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Bobby Riggs (3/3)
1942 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Ted Schroeder (1/2)
1943 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Joseph Hunt
1944 no competition held under German occupation *** no competition Frank Parker (1/4)
1945 no competition Yvon Petra—unrecognized winner *** no competition Frank Parker (2/4)
1946 John Bromwich (2/2) Marcel Bernard Yvon Petra Jack Kramer (1/3)
1947 Dinny Pails HUN József Asbóth Jack Kramer (2/3) Jack Kramer (3/3)
1948 Adrian Quist (3/3) Frank Parker (3/4) Bob Falkenburg Pancho Gonzales (1/2)
1949 Frank Sedgman (1/5) Frank Parker (4/4) Ted Schroeder (2/2) Pancho Gonzales (2/2)
1950 Frank Sedgman (2/5) Budge Patty (1/2) Budge Patty (2/2) Arthur Larsen
1951 Richard Savitt (1/2) EGY Jaroslav Drobný (1/3) Richard Savitt (2/2) Frank Sedgman (3/5)
1952 Ken McGregor Jaroslav Drobný (2/3) Frank Sedgman (4/5) Frank Sedgman (5/5)
1953 Ken Rosewall (1/8) Ken Rosewall (2/8) Vic Seixas (1/2) Tony Trabert (1/5)
1954 Mervyn Rose (1/2) Tony Trabert (2/5) Jaroslav Drobný (3/3) Vic Seixas (2/2)
1955 Ken Rosewall (3/8) Tony Trabert (3/5) Tony Trabert (4/5) Tony Trabert (5/5)
1956 Lew Hoad (1/4) Lew Hoad (2/4) Lew Hoad (3/4) Ken Rosewall (4/8)
1957 Ashley Cooper (1/4) Sven Davidson Lew Hoad (4/4) Malcolm Anderson
1958 Ashley Cooper (2/4) Mervyn Rose (2/2) Ashley Cooper (3/4) Ashley Cooper (4/4)
1959 Alex Olmedo (1/2) Nicola Pietrangeli (1/2) Alex Olmedo (2/2) Neale Fraser (1/3)
1960 Rod Laver (1/11) Nicola Pietrangeli (2/2) Neale Fraser (2/3) Neale Fraser (3/3)
1961 Roy Emerson (1/12) Manuel Santana (1/4) Rod Laver (2/11) Roy Emerson (2/12)
1962 Rod Laver (3/11) Rod Laver (4/11) Rod Laver (5/11) Rod Laver (6/11)
1963 Roy Emerson (3/12) Roy Emerson (4/12) Chuck McKinley Rafael Osuna
1964 Roy Emerson (5/12) Manuel Santana (2/4) Roy Emerson (6/12) Roy Emerson (7/12)
1965 Roy Emerson (8/12) Fred Stolle (1/2) Roy Emerson (9/12) Manuel Santana (3/4)
1966 Roy Emerson (10/12) Tony Roche Manuel Santana (4/4) Fred Stolle (2/2)
1967 Roy Emerson (11/12) Roy Emerson (12/12) John Newcombe (1/7) John Newcombe (2/7)
1968 William Bowrey Amateur era tennis ends Open era tennis begins Ken Rosewall (5/8) Rod Laver (7/11) Arthur Ashe (1/3)
1969 Rod Laver (8/11) Rod Laver (9/11) Rod Laver (10/11) Rod Laver (11/11)
1970 Arthur Ashe (2/3) Jan Kodeš (1/3) John Newcombe (3/7) Ken Rosewall (6/8)
1971 Ken Rosewall (7/8) Jan Kodeš (2/3) John Newcombe (4/7) Stan Smith (1/2)
1972 Ken Rosewall (8/8) Andrés Gimeno Stan Smith (2/2) Ilie Năstase (1/2)
1973 John Newcombe (5/7) Ilie Năstase (2/2) Jan Kodeš (3/3) John Newcombe (6/7)
1974 Jimmy Connors (1/8) Björn Borg (1/11) Jimmy Connors (2/8) Jimmy Connors (3/8)
1975 John Newcombe (7/7) Björn Borg (2/11) Arthur Ashe (3/3) Manuel Orantes
1976 Mark Edmondson Adriano Panatta Björn Borg (3/11) Jimmy Connors (4/8)
1977 Roscoe Tanner (Jan) Guillermo Vilas (1/4) Björn Borg (4/11) Guillermo Vilas (2/4)
Vitas Gerulaitis (Dec)
1978 Guillermo Vilas (3/4) †††† Björn Borg (5/11) Björn Borg (6/11) Jimmy Connors (5/8)
1979 Guillermo Vilas (4/4) †††† Björn Borg (7/11) Björn Borg (8/11) John McEnroe (1/7)
1980 Brian Teacher †††† Björn Borg (9/11) Björn Borg (10/11) John McEnroe (2/7)
1981 Johan Kriek (1/2) †††† Björn Borg (11/11) John McEnroe (3/7) John McEnroe (4/7)
1982 Johan Kriek (2/2) †††† Mats Wilander (1/7) Jimmy Connors (6/8) Jimmy Connors (7/8)
1983 Mats Wilander (2/7) †††† Yannick Noah John McEnroe (5/7) Jimmy Connors (8/8)
1984 Mats Wilander (3/7) †††† Ivan Lendl (1/8) John McEnroe (6/7) John McEnroe (7/7)
1985 Stefan Edberg (1/6) †††† Mats Wilander (4/7) Boris Becker (1/6) Ivan Lendl (2/8)
1986 no competition Ivan Lendl (3/8) Boris Becker (2/6) Ivan Lendl (4/8)
1987 Stefan Edberg (2/6) Ivan Lendl (5/8) Pat Cash Ivan Lendl (6/8)
1988 Mats Wilander (5/7) Mats Wilander (6/7) Stefan Edberg (3/6) Mats Wilander (7/7)
1989 Ivan Lendl (7/8) Michael Chang Boris Becker (3/6) Boris Becker (4/6)
1990 Ivan Lendl (8/8) Andrés Gómez Stefan Edberg (4/6) Pete Sampras (1/14)
1991 Boris Becker (5/6) Jim Courier (1/4) Michael Stich Stefan Edberg (5/6)
1992 Jim Courier (2/4) Jim Courier (3/4) Andre Agassi (1/8) Stefan Edberg (6/6)
1993 Jim Courier (4/4) Sergi Bruguera (1/2) Pete Sampras (2/14) Pete Sampras (3/14)
1994 Pete Sampras (4/14) Sergi Bruguera (2/2) Pete Sampras (5/14) Andre Agassi (2/8)
1995 Andre Agassi (3/8) Thomas Muster Pete Sampras (6/14) Pete Sampras (7/14)
1996 Boris Becker (6/6) Yevgeny Kafelnikov (1/2) Richard Krajicek Pete Sampras (8/14)
1997 Pete Sampras (9/14) Gustavo Kuerten (1/3) Pete Sampras (10/14) Patrick Rafter (1/2)
1998 Petr Korda Carlos Moyá Pete Sampras (11/14) Patrick Rafter (2/2)
1999 Yevgeny Kafelnikov (2/2) Andre Agassi (4/8) Pete Sampras (12/14) Andre Agassi (5/8)
2000 Andre Agassi (6/8) Gustavo Kuerten (2/3) Pete Sampras (13/14) Marat Safin (1/2)
2001 Andre Agassi (7/8) Gustavo Kuerten (3/3) Goran Ivanišević Lleyton Hewitt (1/2)
2002 Thomas Johansson Albert Costa Lleyton Hewitt (2/2) Pete Sampras (14/14)
2003 Andre Agassi (8/8) Juan Carlos Ferrero Roger Federer (1/19) Andy Roddick
2004 Roger Federer (2/19) Gastón Gaudio Roger Federer (3/19) Roger Federer (4/19)
2005 Marat Safin (2/2) Rafael Nadal (1/16) Roger Federer (5/19) Roger Federer (6/19)
2006 Roger Federer (7/19) Rafael Nadal (2/16) Roger Federer (8/19) Roger Federer (9/19)
2007 Roger Federer (10/19) Rafael Nadal (3/16) Roger Federer (11/19) Roger Federer (12/19)
2008 Novak Djokovic (1/12) Rafael Nadal (4/16) Rafael Nadal (5/16) Roger Federer (13/19)
2009 Rafael Nadal (6/16) Roger Federer (14/19) Roger Federer (15/19) Juan Martín del Potro
2010 Roger Federer (16/19) Rafael Nadal (7/16) Rafael Nadal (8/16) Rafael Nadal (9/16)
2011 Novak Djokovic (2/12) Rafael Nadal (10/16) Novak Djokovic (3/12) Novak Djokovic (4/12)
2012 Novak Djokovic (5/12) Rafael Nadal (11/16) Roger Federer (17/19) Andy Murray (1/3)
2013 Novak Djokovic (6/12) Rafael Nadal (12/16) Andy Murray (2/3) Rafael Nadal (13/16)
2014 Stan Wawrinka (1/3) Rafael Nadal (14/16) Novak Djokovic (7/12) Marin Čilić
2015 Novak Djokovic (8/12) Stan Wawrinka (2/3) Novak Djokovic (9/12) Novak Djokovic (10/12)
2016 Novak Djokovic (11/12) Novak Djokovic (12/12) Andy Murray (3/3) Stan Wawrinka (3/3)
2017 Roger Federer (18/19) Rafael Nadal (15/16) Roger Federer (19/19) Rafael Nadal (16/16)
Legend
Player won all 4 Grand Slam tournaments in the same year
Player won 3 Grand Slam tournaments in the same year
Player won 2 Grand Slam tournaments in the same year
Italics – open only to specific club members of the host country
* authorities differ on whether these events should count toward grand slam totals
** The French Championships opened itself to international competitors and renamed as Championnats Internationaux de France (de tennis).
*** French Championships held between 1941 and 1945 are not recognized by the tournament organizer. See Tournoi de France
† Held in January 1920, before the 1920 Australasian Championships
†† Held in August 1923, after Wimbledon and before the US National Championships
††† Renamed from Australasian Championships to Australian Championships
†††† Australian Open held in December of the year it is listed under, after the US Open
Statistics
Grand Slam singles titles by decade
1920s
9
Tilden
7
Lacoste
5
Cochet
3
Anderson, Borotra
2
Patterson, Wood
1
Gemmel, Gregory, Hawkes, Johnston
1930s
8
Perry
6
Budge, Crawford
3
Vines
2
Cochet, von Cramm, Riggs
1
Allison, Borotra, Bromwich, Doeg, Henkel, McGrath, McNeill, Moon, Quist, Tilden, Wood
1940s
4
Parker
3
Kramer
2
Gonzales, Quist, Schroeder
1
Asboth, Bernard, Bromwich, Falkenburg, Hunt, McNeill, Pails, Petra, Riggs, Sedgman
1950s
5
Trabert
4
Cooper, Hoad, Rosewall, Sedgman
3
Drobny
2
Olmedo, Patty, Rose, Savitt, Seixas
1
Anderson, Davidson, Fraser, Larsen, McGregor, Pietrangeli
1960s
12
Emerson
11
Laver
4
Santana
2
Fraser, Newcombe, Stolle
1
Ashe, Bowrey, McKinley, Osuna, Pietrangeli, Roche, Rosewall
1970s
8
Borg
5
Newcombe, Connors
4
Vilas
3
Rosewall, Kodes
2
Smith, Năstase, Ashe
1
Edmondson, Gerulaitis, Gimeno, McEnroe, Orantes, Panatta, Tanner
1980s
7
Lendl, Wilander
6
McEnroe
4
Becker
3
Borg, Connors, Edberg
2
Kriek
1
Cash, Chang, Noah, Teacher
1990s
12
Sampras
5
Agassi
4
Courier
3
Edberg
2
Becker, Bruguera, Kafelnikov, Rafter
1
Gómez, Korda, Krajicek, Kuerten, Lendl, Moyá, Muster, Stich
2000s
15
Federer
6
Nadal
3
Agassi
2
Hewitt, Safin, Sampras, Kuerten
1
Costa, Djokovic, Ferrero, Gaudio, Ivanišević, Johansson, del Potro, Roddick
2010s
11
Djokovic
10
Nadal
4
Federer
3
Murray, Wawrinka
1
Čilić
Most Grand Slam singles titles (5 or more)
All time
Rank
Player
Total
Winning Span
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
1 Roger Federer 19 15 5 1 8 5
2 Rafael Nadal 16 13 1 10 2 3
3 Pete Sampras 14 13 2 0 7 5
4 Roy Emerson 12 7 6 2 2 2
Novak Djokovic 12 9 6 1 3 2
6 Rod Laver 11 10 3 2 4 2
Björn Borg 11 8 0 6 5 0
8 Bill Tilden 10 11 0 0 3 7
9 Fred Perry 8 4 1 1 3 3
Ken Rosewall 8 20 4 2 0 2
Jimmy Connors 8 10 1 0 2 5
Ivan Lendl 8 7 2 3 0 3
Andre Agassi 8 12 4 1 1 2
14 Richard Sears 7 7 0 0 0 7
William Renshaw 7 9 0 0 7 0
William Larned 7 11 0 0 0 7
René Lacoste 7 5 0 3 2 2
Henri Cochet 7 7 0 4 2 1
John Newcombe 7 9 2 0 3 2
John McEnroe 7 6 0 0 3 4
Mats Wilander 7 7 3 3 0 1
22 Laurence Doherty 6 5 0 0 5 1
Tony Wilding 6 8 2 0 4 0
Jack Crawford 6 5 4 1 1 0
Don Budge 6 2 1 1 2 2
Stefan Edberg 6 8 2 0 2 2
Boris Becker 6 12 2 0 3 1
28 Frank Sedgman 5 4 2 0 1 2
Tony Trabert 5 3 0 2 1 2
Open Era
Rank
Player
Total
Winning Span
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
1 Roger Federer 19 15 5 1 8 5
2 Rafael Nadal 16 13 1 10 2 3
3 Pete Sampras 14 13 2 0 7 5
4 Novak Djokovic 12 9 6 1 3 2
5 Björn Borg 11 8 0 6 5 0
6 Jimmy Connors 8 10 1 0 2 5
Ivan Lendl 8 7 2 3 0 3
Andre Agassi 8 12 4 1 1 2
9 John McEnroe 7 6 0 0 3 4
Mats Wilander 7 7 3 3 0 1
11 Stefan Edberg 6 8 2 0 2 2
Boris Becker 6 12 2 0 3 1
13 Rod Laver 5 10 1 1 2 1
John Newcombe 5 9 2 0 2 1
Most singles titles by Grand Slam tournament
All Time
Grand Slam
Wins #
Player(s)
Australian Open 6 Roy Emerson
Novak Djokovic
French Open 10 Rafael Nadal
Wimbledon 8 Roger Federer
US Open 7 Richard Sears
William Larned
Bill Tilden
Open Era
Grand Slam
Wins #
Player(s)
Australian Open 6 Novak Djokovic
French Open 10 Rafael Nadal
Wimbledon 8 Roger Federer
US Open 5 Jimmy Connors
Pete Sampras
Roger Federer
Note: Bold indicates player still active.
Grand Slam singles titles by country (open era)
51
United States
25
Sweden
23
Spain
22
Switzerland
20
Australia
12
Czechoslovakia (one as Czech Republic)
12
Serbia
7
Germany (also West Germany)
6
Argentina
4
Russia
3
Brazil, United Kingdom
2
Croatia, Romania, South Africa
1
Austria, Ecuador, France, Italy, Netherlands
Most consecutive years with at least one Grand Slam title
Year #
Span
Player(s)
10 2005–2014 Rafael Nadal
8 1974–1981 Björn Borg
8 1993–2000 Pete Sampras
8 2003–2010 Roger Federer
7 1881–1887 Richard Sears
Note: * indicates ongoing streak, bold indicates player still active.
Achieved a Career Grand Slam
These players won all four majors. The year listed is the year the player first won each tournament; the last one is marked in bold. The age listed is the age at the end of that last tournament, i.e., the age at which the player completed his Career Grand Slam.
Player
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
Age
Fred Perry 1934 1935 1934 1933 26 years, 15 days
Don Budge 1938 1938 1937 1937 22 years, 357 days
Rod Laver 1960 1962 1961 1962 24 years, 32 days
Roy Emerson 1961 1963 1964 1961 27 years, 244 days
Andre Agassi 1995 1999 1992 1994 29 years, 38 days
Roger Federer 2004 2009 2003 2004 27 years, 203 days
Rafael Nadal 2009 2005 2008 2010 24 years, 101 days
Novak Djokovic 2008 2016 2011 2011 29 years, 14 days
Completed the Grand Slam
(Winners of all four Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year[9][10][11][12][13])
Australian—French—Wimbledon—U.S.:
1938 Don Budge
1962 Rod Laver
1969 Rod Laver (2)
Winners of three Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
Note: players with four titles are not included here.
Australian—French—Wimbledon:
1933 J Crawford
1956 L Hoad
Australian—French—U.S.:
1988 M Wilander
Australian—Wimbledon—U.S.:
1934 F Perry
1958 A Cooper
1964 R Emerson
1974 J Connors
2004 R Federer
2006 R Federer (2)
2007 R Federer (3)
2011 N Djokovic
2015 N Djokovic (2)
French—Wimbledon—U.S.:
1955 T Trabert
2010 R Nadal
Winners of two Grand Slam singles tournaments in the same calendar year
Note: players with more than two titles are not included here.
Australian—French:
1953 Ken Rosewall
1963 Roy Emerson
1967 Roy Emerson (2)
1992 Jim Courier
2016 Novak Djokovic
Australian—Wimbledon:
1951 Dick Savitt
1959 Alex Olmedo
1965 Roy Emerson
1994 Pete Sampras
1997 Pete Sampras (2)
2017 Roger Federer
Australian—U.S.:
1961 Roy Emerson
1973 John Newcombe

French—Wimbledon:
1925 René Lacoste
1935 Fred Perry
1950 Budge Patty
1978 Björn Borg
1979 Björn Borg (2)
1980 Björn Borg (3)
2008 Rafael Nadal
2009 Roger Federer
French—U.S.:
1927 René Lacoste
1928 Henri Cochet
1977 Guillermo Vilas
1986 Ivan Lendl
1987 Ivan Lendl (2)
1999 Andre Agassi
2013 Rafael Nadal
2017 Rafael Nadal (2)
Wimbledon—U.S.:
1903 Laurence Doherty
1920 Bill Tilden
1921 Bill Tilden (2)
1932 Ellsworth Vines
1936 Fred Perry
1937 Don Budge
1939 Bobby Riggs
1947 Jack Kramer
1952 Frank Sedgman
1960 Neale Fraser
1967 John Newcombe
1981 John McEnroe
1982 Jimmy Connors
1984 John McEnroe (2)
1989 Boris Becker
1993 Pete Sampras
1995 Pete Sampras (2)
2005 Roger Federer
Winners of three or more consecutive Grand Slam singles titles
Titles
Players
Years
6 Don Budge 1937–38
4 Rod Laver 1962
Rod Laver 1969
Novak Djokovic 2015–16
3 Jack Crawford 1933
Tony Trabert 1955
Lew Hoad 1956
Roy Emerson 1964–65
Pete Sampras 1993–94
Roger Federer 2005–06
Roger Federer 2006–07
Rafael Nadal 2010
Novak Djokovic 2011–12
Winners of five or more singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
All-time
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
10 Rafael Nadal French Open
8 Roger Federer Wimbledon
7 Richard Sears U.S. Championships
William Renshaw Wimbledon Championships
William Larned U.S. Championships
Bill Tilden U.S. Championships
Pete Sampras Wimbledon
6 Roy Emerson Australian Championships
Björn Borg French Open
Novak Djokovic Australian Open
5 Laurence Doherty Wimbledon
Björn Borg Wimbledon
Jimmy Connors US Open
Pete Sampras US Open
Roger Federer US Open
Roger Federer Australian Open
Open Era
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
10 Rafael Nadal French Open
8 Roger Federer Wimbledon
7 Pete Sampras Wimbledon
6 Björn Borg French Open
Novak Djokovic Australian Open
5 Björn Borg Wimbledon
Jimmy Connors US Open
Pete Sampras US Open
Roger Federer US Open
Roger Federer Australian Open
Winners of four or more consecutive singles titles at one Grand Slam tournament
All-time
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
Years
7 Richard Sears U.S. Championships 1881–87
6 William Renshaw Wimbledon 1881–86
Bill Tilden U.S. Championships 1920–25
5 Laurence Doherty Wimbledon 1902–06
William Larned U.S. Championships 1907–11
Roy Emerson Australian Championships 1963–67
Björn Borg Wimbledon 1976–80
Roger Federer Wimbledon 2003–07
Roger Federer US Open 2004–08
Rafael Nadal French Open 2010–14
4 Reginald Doherty Wimbledon 1897–1900
Tony Wilding Wimbledon 1910–13
Björn Borg French Open 1978–81
Pete Sampras Wimbledon 1997–2000
Rafael Nadal French Open 2005–08
Open Era
Titles
Player
Grand Slam
Years
5 Björn Borg Wimbledon 1976–80
Roger Federer Wimbledon 2003–07
Roger Federer US Open 2004–08
Rafael Nadal French Open 2010–14
4 Björn Borg French Open 1978–81
Pete Sampras Wimbledon 1997–2000
Rafael Nadal French Open 2005–08
Bold = Active Streaks
Winning a Grand Slam singles tournament without losing a set
Chronological timeline (by player)
Most in category *
Player
Times
Grand Slam Tournaments
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon
US Open
Richard Sears 3 * — — — 1881, 1882, 1883 *
Laurence Doherty 1 — — — 1903
Holcombe Ward 1 — — — 1904
William Larned 1 — — — 1907
Tony Wilding 1 1909 * — — —
Rodney Heath 1 1910 * — — —
Pat O'Hara Wood 1 1923 * — — —
Don Budge 2 1938 * — 1938 * —
John Bromwich 1 1939 * — — —
Frank Parker 1 — — — 1945
Frank Sedgman 1 — — — 1952
Tony Trabert 3 * — — 1955 * 1953, 1955
Neale Fraser 1 — — — 1960[14]
Chuck McKinley 1 — — 1963 * —
Roy Emerson 1 1964 * — — —
Ken Rosewall 1 1971 * — — —
Ilie Năstase 1 — 1973 — —
Björn Borg 3 * — 1978, 1980 1976 * —
Roger Federer 2 2007 * — 2017 * —
Rafael Nadal 3 * — 2008, 2010, 2017 * — —
Occurrences by Grand Slam tournament
Grand Slam Tournament
Times
Number of Players
Player(s)
Australian Open 8 8 Tony Wilding
Rodney Heath
Pat O'Hara Wood
Don Budge
John Bromwich
Roy Emerson
Ken Rosewall
Roger Federer
French Open 6 3 Ilie Năstase
Björn Borg (twice)
Rafael Nadal (3 times)
Wimbledon 5 5 Don Budge
Tony Trabert
Chuck McKinley
Björn Borg
Roger Federer
US Open 11 8 Richard Sears (3 times)
Laurence Doherty
Holcombe Ward
William Larned
Frank Parker
Frank Sedgman
Tony Trabert (twice)
Neale Fraser
See also
Tennis statistics
Chronological list of men's major tennis champions
List of Grand Slam women's singles champions
List of Grand Slam men's doubles champions
List of Grand Slam women's doubles champions
List of Grand Slam mixed doubles champions
List of Grand Slam boys' singles champions
List of Grand Slam girls' singles champions
List of men's Grand Slam, Olympic and ATP Tour Finals and Masters Series singles champions
Notes
Jump up ^ ESPN Sports Almanac 2006, page 814
Jump up ^ World Book Encyclopedia 2008 T p166a
Jump up ^ Compton Encyclopedia 1975 ST p301
Jump up ^ Concord Encyclopedia
Jump up ^ CBS Sports "[1]"
Jump up ^ Top End Sports "[2]"
Jump up ^ USA Today Tennis "[3]"
Jump up ^ Tennis 28 Slams "[4]"
Jump up ^ USOpen.org Archived 1 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "WTA Tour". wtatour.com. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "ROGER FEDERER “CERTAINLY HAS THE CHANCE” AT THE GRAND SLAM, SAYS LAVER". worldtennismagazine.com. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Stats - All Grand Slam Winners - Grand Slam History". www.grandslamhistory.com. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ CROWE, JERRY (22 May 1994). "Return to Grand Slam Glory : Rod Laver Was the Last Man to Sweep Four Major Titles and Thinks It Can Be Done Again". Retrieved 5 September 2017 – via LA Times.
Jump up ^ "Neale Fraser wins 1960 US Open without dropping set". ATP World Tour. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
[show]
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Grand Slam tournament champions
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[show]
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Grand_Slam_men%27s_singles_champions&oldid=800043920"
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values: List of Australian Open women's singles champions

values: List of Australian Open men's doubles champions

values: List of Australian Open women's doubles champions

values: List of Australian Open mixed doubles champions

values: List of Australian Open singles finalists during the open era

values: List of French Open women's singles champions

values: List of French Open men's doubles champions

values: List of French Open women's doubles champions

values: List of French Open mixed doubles champions

values: List of French Open singles finalists during the open era

values: List of Wimbledon ladies' singles champions

values: List of Wimbledon gentlemen's doubles champions

values: List of Wimbledon ladies' doubles champions

values: List of Wimbledon mixed doubles champions

values: List of Wimbledon singles finalists during the open era

values: List of US Open women's singles champions

values: List of US Open women's doubles champions

values: List of US Open singles finalists during the open era

values: List of Grand Slam boys' doubles champions

values: List of Grand Slam girls' doubles champions

values: List of Grand Slam related tennis records

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values: Chronological list of men's Grand Slam tennis champions

values: Chronological list of women's Grand Slam tennis champions

values: List of Grand Slam singles champions by country

values: List of Open Era Grand Slam men's singles finals

values: List of Open Era Grand Slam women's singles finals

values: List of Grand Slam singles champions in Open Era with age of first title

values: List of ATP Tour Top-level tournament singles champions

values: List of men's Grand Slam, Olympic and ATP Tour Finals and Masters Series doubles champions

values: List of ATP number 1 ranked singles tennis players

values: List of ATP number 1 ranked doubles tennis players

values: World number 1 male tennis player rankings

values: List of Open Era men's singles tennis players by career match wins

values: Tennis Masters Series records and statistics

values: Open Era tennis records – women's singles

values: All-time tennis records – women's singles

values: List of Grand Slam and WTA Tour Tier I/Premier singles tennis champions

values: List of WTA number 1 ranked tennis players

values: Tennis players with most titles in the Open Era

values: Tennis tournament records and statistics

values: List of tennis players by number of wins in one doubles tournament

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values: Category:Lists of Grand Slam (tennis) champions

values: Category:Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles

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values: Campions d'individual masculí dels torneigs del Grand Slam – Catalan

values: Seznam vítězů na grandslamových turnajích v tenise – Czech

values: Liste der Sieger der Grand-Slam-Turniere (Herreneinzel) – German

values: interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist

values: Anexo:Campeones de torneos de Grand Slam (individual masculino) – Spanish

values: Liste des champions de tennis vainqueurs en Grand Chelem en simple – French

values: ग्रैंड स्लैम टेनिस विजेताओं की सूची – Hindi

values: Pobjednici Grand Slam turnira (pojedinačno muškarci) – Croatian

values: رجاله كسبو جراند سلام ف فردى التنس – Egyptian Arabic

values: グランドスラム男子シングルス優勝者一覧 – Japanese

values: Lista de campeões em simples de torneios do Grand Slam – Portuguese

values: Список победителей турниров Большого шлема в мужском одиночном разряде – Russian

values: Seznam zmagovalcev turnirjev za Grand Slam - moški posamično – Slovenian

values: Победници Гренд слем турнира — мушкарци појединачно – Serbian

values: Luettelo tenniksen miesten kaksinpelin Grand Slam -voittajista – Finnish

values: Grand Slam tek erkekler şampiyonları listesi – Turkish

values: Список переможців турнірів Великого шолома серед чоловіків в одиночному розряді – Ukrainian

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values: 網球四大滿貫及ATP年終賽男單冠軍 – Chinese

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