text:
Peking Gazette
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The Peking Gazette was an official bulletin published with changing frequency in Beijing until 1912, when the Qing Dynasty fell and Republican China was born. The translated name, as it is known to Western sources, comes from Ming Dynasty era Jesuits, who followed the bulletin for its political contents. The Peking Gazette became a venue for political grievances and infighting during the reign of the Wanli Emperor in the late Ming Dynasty, when literati factions would submit politicized memorials that the Emperor often abstained from reviewing.[1] From around 1730, the publication was in Chinese called Jing Bao (京报, sometimes transliterated Ching Pao), literally "the Capital Report". It contained information on court appointments, edicts, and the official memorials submitted to the emperor, and the decisions made or deferred.[2]
Author J.C. Sun in his book Modern Chinese Press, published in 1946, said the Gazette seemed to have been
designed entirely for officers of the Chinese Government, and its publication to the people was merely by connivance contrary to law, as was formerly the case with regard the publication of parliamentary speeches in England. The recommendation of individuals for promotion, the impeachment of others, notices of removal from office and of rewards or degradations – these were the chief topics which filled its columns.
Contents
[hide]
1 Publication type
2 References
3 See also
4 External links
Publication type[edit]
Contrary to a sometimes voiced belief, the Peking Gazette was not a newspaper, but a government bulletin, although it might be considered a distant precursor:
The East Asian press was studied relatively late in the West. One of the reasons is that newspapers did not exist in China, Japan, and Korea until these countries opened to Western influences. There were certainly forerunners of newsprint also in the indigenous tradition, like the famous Peking Gazette (Jingpao) which is often claimed to be oldest newspaper of the world. We find numerous little articles in Western papers on the Jingbao, usually from secondary or tertiary sources; they do not take into account that this gazette had limited circulation and that it just contained edicts and decrees – thus it does not fit the modern definition of newspaper. But it definitely was a forerunner of newsprint.[3]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Pierre-Etienne Will, "Sprouts of Democracy in Chinese History", 2011.http://www.booksandideas.net/Sprouts-of-Democracy-in-Chinese.html
Jump up ^ Wolfgang Mohr, Die moderne chinesische Tagespresse, vol. 1 (Wiesbaden, 1976), pp. 13–14.
Jump up ^ Hartmut Walravens: "The Early East Asian Press in the Eyes of the West. Some bibliographical notes", World Library and Information Congress, 72nd General Conference and Council of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA), 20-24 August 2006, Seoul, Korea, p. 2
See also[edit]
Tipao
Kaiyuan Za Bao
History of Chinese newspapers
List of the earliest newspapers
External links[edit]
English translations from the Peking Gazette from the 1870s
This article related to the history of China is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peking_Gazette&oldid=801923411"
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Blind carbon copy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Blind carbon copy (abbreviated Bcc:) allows the sender of a message to conceal the person entered in the Bcc: field from the other recipients. This concept originally applied to paper correspondence and now also applies to email.[1]
In some circumstances, the typist creating a paper correspondence must ensure that multiple recipients of such a document do not see the names of other recipients. To achieve this, the typist can:
Add the names in a second step to each copy, without carbon paper;
Set the ribbon not to strike the paper, which leaves names off the top copy (but may leave letter impressions on the paper).
With email, recipients of a message are specified using addresses in any of these three fields:
To: Primary recipients
Cc: Carbon copy to secondary recipients—other interested parties
Bcc: Blind carbon copy to tertiary recipients who receive the message. The primary and secondary recipients cannot see the tertiary recipients. Depending on email software, the tertiary recipients may only see their own email address in Bcc, or they may see the email addresses of all primary and secondary recipients.
It is common practice to use the Bcc: field when addressing a very long list of recipients, or a list of recipients that should not (necessarily) know each other, e.g. in mailing lists.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Benefits
2 Disadvantages
3 Carbon vs. courtesy
4 References
5 External links
Benefits[edit]
There are a number of reasons for using this feature:
Bcc is often used to prevent an accidental "Reply All" from sending a reply intended for only the originator of the message to the entire recipient list.[3]
To send a copy of one's correspondence to a third party (for example, a colleague) when one does not want to let the recipient know that this is being done (or when one does not want the recipient to know the third party's e-mail address, assuming the other recipient is in the To: or Cc: fields).
To send a message to multiple parties with none of them knowing the other recipients. This can be accomplished by addressing a message to oneself and filling in the actual intended recipients in the Bcc: field. However, this does not ensure that the Bcc: addresses will be hidden from other Bcc: addresses in all implementations.
To prevent the spread of computer viruses, spam, and malware by avoiding the accumulation of block-list e-mail addresses available to all Bcc: recipients, which often occurs in the form of chain letters.
Disadvantages[edit]
In some cases, use of Blind Carbon Copy may be viewed as mildly unethical. The original addressee of the mail (To: address) is left under the impression that communication is proceeding between the known parties, and is knowingly kept unaware of others participating in the primary communication.
A related risk is that by (unintentional) use of 'reply to all' functionality by someone on Bcc, the original addressee is (inadvertently) made aware of this participation. For this reason, it is in some cases better to separately forward the original e-mail.
Depending on the particular email software used, the recipient may or may not know that the message has been sent via Bcc. In some cases, ‘undisclosed recipients’ placed in the To: line (by the software) shows that Bcc has been used. In other cases, the message appears identical to one sent to a single addressee. The recipient does not necessarily see the email address (and real name, if any) originally placed in the To: line.
When it is useful for the recipients to know who else has received a Bcc message,
their real names, but not their email addresses, can be listed in the body of the message, or
a meaningful substitute for the names can be placed in the body of the message, e.g. ‘[To General Manager and members of Remunerations Committee]’, or ‘[To the whole Bloggs family]’.
Carbon vs. courtesy[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The interpretation of "Bcc:" as "blind courtesy copy" is a backronym and not the original meaning; the historic RFC 733 has an explicit "blind carbon" annotation in its definition of the Bcc: header field syntax. "Cc:" and "Bcc:" mean "carbon copy" and "blind carbon copy" respectively.
Sending courtesy copies of mailing list replies also directly to the author(s) of answered message(s) is a common practice on some lists[citation needed], and matches a new interpretation of "Cc:" as abbreviation for "courtesy copy".[dubious – discuss]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Stout, Chris. "DEAR NERD: Blind carbons hide addresses." Charleston Gazette (West Virginia, USA). 1998-01-18. page P5B. NewsBank record number 100F35638A890441.
Jump up ^ Husted, Bill. "Bad e-mail habits can be bothersome, embarrassing" Atlanta Journal-Constitution, The (Georgia, USA). 2009-08-30. page E15. NewsBank record number 103419444.
Jump up ^ Boodhoo, Niala; Carey, Bridget (2009-08-25). "Be careful when you 'reply all' to e-mail". Miami Herald. pp. C8. |access-date= requires |url= (help) NewsBank record number 200908250100KNRIDDERFLMIAMIH_poked-08-25-09.
External links[edit]
US-CERT Cyber Security Tip ST04-008, "Benefits of BCC"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blind_carbon_copy&oldid=826887465"
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The Shallows (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Shallows
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Jaume Collet-Serra
Produced by
Lynn Harris
Matti Leshem
Written by
Anthony Jaswinski
Starring
Blake Lively
Music by
Marco Beltrami
Cinematography
Flavio Labiano
Edited by
Joel Negron
Production
companies
Weimaraner Republic Pictures
Ombra Films
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures
Release date
June 21, 2016 (2016-06-21) (New York City)
June 24, 2016 (2016-06-24) (United States)
Running time
86 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$17–25 million[2][3]
Box office
$119.1 million[2]
The Shallows is a 2016 American survival thriller film directed by Jaume Collet-Serra, written by Anthony Jaswinski and starring Blake Lively. In the film, a surfer gets stranded 200 yards (180 m) from shore, and must use her wits and determination to survive a great white shark attack. Principal photography began in October 2015 in New South Wales and Queensland, Australia.
The film was released in the United States on June 24, 2016, by Columbia Pictures. The film received generally positive reviews and grossed over $119 million against a production budget in the range of $17–25 million, becoming a box office success.
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Box office
4.2 Critical response
4.3 Accolades
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Shortly after the death of her mother, medical student Nancy Adams travels to a secluded beach in Mexico, the same beach her mother visited while she was pregnant with Nancy. Carlos, a friendly local resident, gives Nancy a ride and drops her off at the beach. Nancy joins two other locals and the three surf for several hours. Taking a break from surfing, Nancy video-chats with her sister Chloe. When she talks to her father in an emotional and strained conversation, it is revealed that her mother's death caused Nancy to consider dropping out of medical school.
While surfing one last time for the day, Nancy notices the carcass of a large humpback whale nearby. As she rides the last wave back to the beach, a large great white shark knocks her off her surfboard and bites her leg. Nancy climbs onto the whale carcass, but the shark rams it from underneath, forcing her to swim to an isolated rock. She uses her surfboard strap to slow the bleeding from her leg. Later she uses her jewelry to put rudimentary stitches in place to hold her torn flesh together. Nancy is left alone when the unaware locals leave the beach, and she spends the night on the rock with a wounded seagull, which was also injured by the shark, and names him Steven Seagull. The next morning, a drunk local man on the beach steals Nancy's belongings. While wading out into the shallow water to steal Nancy's surfboard, however, he is killed by the shark. Several hours later, the two locals Nancy had surfed with the day before return. They get into the water before Nancy can warn them away, and are also killed by the shark.
One of the local surfers was wearing a GoPro camera on his helmet. When he was attacked by the shark, his helmet had come off and floated to the surface. Nancy later sees the helmet floating in the water. After some struggle, she is able to retrieve it and notices in the footage of the attack, the shark has a large hook stuck in its mouth after a possible encounter with fishermen. Nancy uses the GoPro to leave messages for her sister and father as well as information about the shark attack and her location.
With high tide approaching, Nancy realizes the rock will be submerged soon. After sending Steven Seagull toward shore on a piece of the surfboard, and timing the shark's circles from the whale carcass to the rock, Nancy swims to a nearby buoy, narrowly avoiding the shark by swimming through a group of jellyfish, which sting both the shark and her. Nancy finds a flare gun on the buoy. She shoots one flare to draw the attention of a faraway cargo ship, but the ship has already turned away and does not see her. She then fires another flare at the shark, setting the oil from the whale carcass alight and angering it, but otherwise having no effect. The shark then ferociously attacks the buoy and rips out the chains securing it to the ocean bed. Nancy straps herself to the last remaining chain and as it is ripped from the buoy, she is pulled down to the ocean floor, pursued by the shark. At the last moment, Nancy pulls out of the dive, and the shark impales itself on some rebar from the buoy's anchor.
Later, a boy named Miguel at the beach finds the action camera and informs his father, Carlos. Carlos finds Nancy floating close to shore and revives her. Nancy briefly sees a hallucination of her mother. As she looks around the beach, she sees that Steven Seagull has made it to the shore. One year later, a healed Nancy (now a doctor) and her sister Chloe go surfing in Galveston, Texas, as their father tells Nancy that her mother would have been proud.
Cast[edit]
Blake Lively as Nancy Adams
Óscar Jaenada as El Questro
Brett Cullen as Mr. Adams
Sedona Legge as Chloe Adams
Pablo Calva as Miguel, Carlos' son
Janelle Bailey as Mrs. Adams
Sully Seagull as Sully 'Steven' Seagull[4]
Production[edit]
Initially, Louis Leterrier was to direct, though he dropped out in June 2015,[5][6] leading to Jaume Collet-Serra being considered for the job.[7] Collet-Serra viewed the movie as one about survival and noted "this isn't a creature movie".[8] Likewise from the very beginning Collet-Serra decided not to place an emphasis on gore.[8] Blake Lively joined the cast in August 2015.[9] Lively was partly inspired by her husband, Ryan Reynolds', work in the similarly minimalist film Buried, stating "that was one of the reasons why I wanted to take on this movie so much, because I know how tough that was for him and how rewarding it was."[10]
For the seagull character of Steven Seagull, the usage of both CGI and a puppet was considered based on the belief that it would be inordinately hard to train such a bird to act. This "horrified" both producers, Matti Leshem and Lynn Harris, who wanted to work with an actual animal. While scouting for location in Australia, Lively was able to feed a group of seagulls, at which point it was realized that it would be possible to use them for production.[11] The initial script featured Lively talking to the bird much more, and likewise, scenes featuring such an interaction were shot. However, in the end, Collet-Serra decided on a less-is-more approach,[12] noting to Yahoo! that "...we didn't want her to be like Snow White talking to animals. When you see her predicament, you get it. You don't need her to explain everything to a seagull!"[13]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began on October 28, 2015 in New South Wales, Australia.[14][15] Filming also took place at Lord Howe Island,[16][17] Mount Tamborine, Queensland and Village Roadshow Studios. It originally was going to be filmed on the Gulf Coast of Texas near Galveston, but the filmmakers were denied a film permit for safety reasons.[17] Filming wrapped on January 15, 2016.[18]
Much of the film was shot in a tank using bluescreens for effects. Still, Collet-Serra wanted to avoid the "more stylized look" of similar films using the set up and estimated that 10% of the film was shot on location in order to "trick" the audience into believing the setting was real: he explains: "Every scene has one shot that is real, and the other 99% is not – but the one real shot tricks you".[8] The shark was made entirely through computer generated imagery, which was only completed close to the start of the marketing campaign for the film.[19] /Film noted that the use of CGI was unusual for Collet-Serra, as he typically used practical effects as opposed to the digital ones required by the shoot.[19] Lively ended up performing several of her own stunts, including a scene where her character breaks her nose. In reality, Lively really did hurt herself in that scene and the blood on her nose is real.[11]
Release[edit]
The Shallows was originally supposed to be released on June 29, 2016, but to avoid The Purge: Election Year and their second weekend being on the holiday of July 4, the film was instead released on Friday, June 24, 2016, by Columbia Pictures.[20]
Box office[edit]
The Shallows grossed $55.1 million in North America and $64 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $119.1 million,[2] against a budget of $25 million.[3]
The film opened on June 24, 2016, alongside Independence Day: Resurgence and Free State of Jones, and was projected to gross around $7 million from 2,800 theaters in its opening weekend, with some estimates going as high as $11–12 million.[21] The film grossed $1.3 million from Thursday night previews[22] and $6.8 million on its first day.[23] In its opening weekend, the film grossed $16.7 million, finishing fourth at the box office behind Finding Dory ($73.2 million), Independence Day: Resurgence ($41.6 million) and Central Intelligence ($18.4 million). This was nearly double the expectations of the studio, with Josh Greenstein, Sony president of worldwide marketing and distribution, saying, "We had the best reviewed new movie of the weekend and combined with a great audience response saw a fantastic result. People wanted to watch a film with quality that was original in this summer landscape."[24]
Critical response[edit]
The Shallows received generally positive reviews from critics, with Lively's performance being praised.[25] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 78% based on 200 reviews with an average rating of 6.5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Lean and solidly crafted, The Shallows transcends tired shark-attack tropes with nasty thrills and a powerful performance from Blake Lively."[26] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 59 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[27] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[28]
Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times, enjoyed the film, calling it an "immensely entertaining millennial B-Movie, made for summertime viewing."[29] Simon Thompson of IGN gave the film a 9/10, noting, "The Shallows does for surfing what The Blair Witch Project did for camping and makes Jaws look like a children's tea party... Terrifyingly good."[30] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film three stars, commending the performance of Blake Lively while adding "Lively is superb here, giving one of those hyper-focused, action-lead performances that's as much an athletic feat as an aesthetic one."[31]
Staci Layne Wilson of Dread Central gave the film a negative review, saying although she wanted to like it, she felt that with "Jaume Collet-Serra's sledgehammer-style direction, Anthony Jaswinski's intelligence-insulting screenplay, and Marco Beltrami's misguided musical score, The Shallows is impossible to endorse."[32] The A.V. Club's Ignatiy Vishnevetsky, while finding the film intermittently entertaining, considered it a step down from director Collet-Serra's previous "gimmicky genre piece" Non-Stop as well as lacking a genuine, sustained sense of suspense. He also took issue with the writing, stating: "Anthony Jaswinski’s screenplay bogs down this no-brainer survival premise (“get off the rock and don’t die”) with needless backstory and inchoate themes. Can’t a heroine just survive a vicious shark attack without also having to overcome a family trauma and make a decision about whether or not she wants to be a doctor?"[33]
Accolades[edit]
List of awards and nominations
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)
Golden Tomato Awards January 12, 2017 Best Thriller Movie 2016 The Shallows 5th place [34]
People's Choice Awards January 18, 2017 Favorite Thriller Movie The Shallows Nominated [35]
Saturn Awards June 28, 2017 Best Thriller Film The Shallows Nominated [36]
Teen Choice Awards July 31, 2016 Choice Summer Movie Star: Female Blake Lively Nominated [37]
See also[edit]
List of killer shark films
Jaws
Horror portal
Film portal
Sharks portal
2010s portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Shallows (15)". British Board of Film Classification. June 27, 2016. Retrieved June 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Shallows (2016)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved October 4, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "About Weimaraner Republic Pictures". Weimaraner Republic Pictures. Retrieved 4 April 2018. ...Produced for a modest budget of $25M, THE SHALLOWS grossed an impressive $118M worldwide in its theatrical release window...
Jump up ^ https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4052882/
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike (March 23, 2015). "Louis Letterier in Swim on Sony Shark Tale 'In The Deep'". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
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^ Jump up to: a b c Donato, Matt. "Exclusive Interview: Jaume Collet-Serra Talks The Shallows". Wegotthiscovered. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (August 11, 2015). "Blake Lively in Talks to Star in Shark Thriller 'In The Deep'". hollywoodreporter.com. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
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^ Jump up to: a b Greco, Patti. "13 Crazy Behind-the-Scenes Facts About Blake Lively's Shark Movie, The Shallows". Cosmopolitan. Retrieved August 16, 2016.
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Jump up ^ Marcus, Stephanie (November 3, 2015). "Blake Lively Is A Beach Babe in Tiny Bikini While Filming in Australia". huffingtonpost.com. Retrieved November 3, 2015.
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Jump up ^ "Golden Tomato Awards - Best of 2016". Rotten Tomatoes. January 12, 2017.
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External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Shallows (film)
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Jaume Collet-Serra
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House of Wax (2005)
Goal II: Living the Dream (2007)
Orphan (2009)
Unknown (2011)
Non-Stop (2014)
Run All Night (2015)
The Shallows (2016)
The Commuter (2018)
Jungle Cruise (2019)
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The River (2012)
Mindscape (2013)
Hooked Up (2013; exec)
Eden (2015)
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Curve (2015)
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