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King Arthur: Legend of the Sword
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King Arthur: Legend of the Sword
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Guy Ritchie
Produced by
Akiva Goldsman
Joby Harold
Tory Tunnell
Steve Clark-Hall
Guy Ritchie
Lionel Wigram
Screenplay by
Joby Harold
Guy Ritchie
Lionel Wigram
Story by
David Dobkin
Joby Harold
Starring
Charlie Hunnam
Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey
Djimon Hounsou
Aidan Gillen
Jude Law
Eric Bana
Music by
Daniel Pemberton
Cinematography
John Mathieson
Edited by
James Herbert
Production
companies
Warner Bros. Pictures[1]
Weed Road Pictures[1]
Safehouse Pictures[1]
Ritchie/Wigram Productions[1]
Village Roadshow Pictures[1]
Distributed by
Warner Bros. Pictures
Release date
May 8, 2017 (2017-05-08) (TCL Chinese Theatre)
May 12, 2017 (2017-05-12) (United States)
May 19, 2017 (2017-05-19) (United Kingdom)
Running time
126 minutes[2]
Country
United States[3]
Australia[3]
United Kingdom[3]
Language
English
Budget
$175 million[4]
Box office
$148.7 million[5]
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword is a 2017 epic fantasy film written and directed by Guy Ritchie and co-written by Joby Harold and Lionel Wigram, inspired by Arthurian legends. The film stars Charlie Hunnam as the eponymous character, with Jude Law, Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey, Djimon Hounsou, Aidan Gillen and Eric Bana in supporting roles.[6]
King Arthur premiered at the TCL Chinese Theater on May 8, 2017 and was theatrically released in 2D and RealD 3D on May 12, 2017 in the United States and May 19, 2017 in the United Kingdom. The film grossed $148 million worldwide against its $175 million production budget, with critics "warning audiences to stay away".[7] Originally, the film was meant to be the first in a six film franchise, but the planned sequels were cancelled after it underperformed at the box office and lost Warner Bros. $150 million.[8][9]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Casting
3.2 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Promotion
4.2 Home media
5 Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical response
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Mordred, an iron-fisted warlock, and his armies lay siege to Camelot, seeking to establish the dominance of magic-wielding mages over humankind. Uther Pendragon, king of the Britons, infiltrates Mordred's lair and beheads him, saving Camelot. Uther's treacherous brother Vortigern, who covets the throne, orchestrates a coup and sacrifices his wife Elsa to moat hags to become a demon knight, who kills Uther's wife and slays him in combat. The only survivor is Uther's son, who drifts away in a boat and ends up in Londinium, where he is found and raised by prostitutes.
Arthur grows into a skilled fighter and man of the streets. Arthur and his friends confront a group of Vikings who had mistreated one of the prostitutes, forcing him to pay her restitution. Afterwards, the brothel is raided by the Blacklegs, Vortigern's minions, and Arthur learns that the Vikings were under the king's protection. Arthur tries to escape the city but is caught and put on a ship with hundreds of other men; the Blacklegs have been forcing all men of Arthur's age to try to pull a sword that has appeared near the castle from the surrounding stone. Arthur is able to remove the sword but is quickly overwhelmed by its power and passes out. Vortigern meets with him in the dungeon, revealing his true lineage.
Meanwhile, a mage identifying herself as an acolyte of Merlin presents herself to Uther's former general, Sir Bedivere. At Arthur's planned execution, the mage uses her magic to stage a diversion while Bedivere's men rescue Arthur. Taken to Bedivere's hideout, Arthur initially refuses to help them. The mage persuades Bedivere to take Arthur to a realm called the "Darklands," where he's given a vision of how Uther sacrificed himself to save Arthur and entomb the sword in stone. Arthur learns Vortigern was responsible for persuading Mordred to rebel against humanity, and he returns determined to destroy Vortigern.
With his friends and Bedivere's men, Arthur stages a series of ambushes against Vortigern, culminating in an assassination attempt in Londinium. The rebels sense a trap but attack anyway, fleeing to a fighters' school run by Arthur's mentor George, where they are overrun by the Blacklegs. Seeing the mage held at knifepoint, Arthur unleashes Excalibur's potential, single-handedly killing all of the soldiers. The rebels are able to escape the city except for Arthur's injured friend Back Lack, who is killed at Vortigern's hand in front of his son Blue.
Ashamed of his failures, Arthur tries to throw away the sword, but the Lady of the Lake returns it and shows him a vision of England's future under Vortigern's rule. Coming to terms with his responsibility, Arthur reunites with Bedivere. When they return to the rebel hideout, however, they discover all of their allies dead, Vortigern having found them and delivered an ultimatum: if Arthur does not surrender himself, the captured mage and Blue will die.
Arthur surrenders himself, but as Vortigern is about to execute his nephew, a giant snake summoned by the mage attacks and devours Vortigern's men. While Bedivere and the others lead an attack on the castle, a desperate Vortigern sacrifices his only daughter and is transformed into the demon knight, confronting Arthur in a separate dimension. Despite his fighting skill, Arthur is beaten, and he is about to submit when he witnesses a vision of his father, convincing him to accept the sword and his character as his own. Arthur violently slays Vortigern but blesses him as he dies.
In the aftermath, Arthur dissolves Vortigern's pact with the Vikings and begins building a Round Table where his knighted friends will meet. Blue and the prostitutes arrive with the crown of Uther, which Arthur accepts, holding the sword aloft.
Cast[edit]
Charlie Hunnam as King Arthur, Uther's son, Vortigern's nephew and the would-be king of Britain who was raised by prostitutes.
Jude Law as Vortigern, Uther's brother, Elsa's husband, Catia's father, Arthur's uncle and the tyrannical ruthless king of Britain.
Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey as the Mage, a woman working for Merlin who supports Arthur and the resistance.
Djimon Hounsou as Sir Bedivere, the leader of the resistance and a former knight of Uther.
Aidan Gillen as Goosefat Bill Wilson, a skilled archer, Bedivere's friend, former knight of Uther and member of the resistance.
Eric Bana as Uther Pendragon, Vortigern's brother, Arthur's father and the king of Britain.
Kingsley Ben-Adir as Sir Tristan "Wet Stick", Arthur and Back Lack's childhood friend who is later knighted by Bedivere.
Craig McGinlay as Sir Percival, a member of the resistance who is later knighted by Bedivere.
Tom Wu as Sir George, Arthur's mentor and a skilled fighter who helps the resistance and is later knighted by Bedivere.
Neil Maskell as Back Lack, Arthur and Tristan's childhood friend and Blue's father, who helps the resistance.
Freddie Fox as Rubio, a member of the resistance who later betrays them under torture and helps Vortigern.
Annabelle Wallis as Maggie, Vortigern's maid who helps the resistance.
Bleu Landau as Blue, Back Lack's son.
Mikael Persbrandt as Greybeard, a viking who has deals with Vortigern.
Poppy Delevingne as Igraine, Arthur's mother and Uther's wife: she is killed by Vortigern in the beginning of the film.
Jacqui Ainsley as Lady of the Lake
Rob Knighton as Mordred
Katie McGrath as Elsa, Vortigern's wife.
Millie Brady as Catia, Vortigern's daughter.
Lorraine Bruce, Eline Powell and Hermione Corfield as the three Syrens.
Michael McElhatton as Jack's Eye, Arthur's scout on the kingdom.
David Beckham as Trigger, a smart-mouthed and scarred soldier of King Vortigern
Production[edit]
After 2004's King Arthur, Warner Brothers made multiple attempts to make a new film based on Arthurian legend: One was to be a remake of Excalibur, helmed by Bryan Singer, while the other was a movie to have been titled Arthur & Lancelot, which would have starred Kit Harington and Joel Kinnaman, as King Arthur and Lancelot respectively.[10] Warner Brothers suits worried that names were not big enough, and attempted to replace both actors with more profitable ones, before eventually dropping the project all together.[10]
Warner's next attempt to create a new King Arthur film was an attempt to create an Arthurian cinematic universe which would span six films, following different characters before their eventual team up.[10] For this endeavour they hired director Guy Ritchie, who has himself attempted to make a King Arthur movie prior to that. According to The Guardian, the script soon became "a strange Frankenstein's Monster-style screenplay" incorporating elements from several of the unproduced Arthurian scripts.[10]
Casting[edit]
Film's cast at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con International, to promote King Arthur: Legend of the Sword.
In August 2014, Charlie Hunnam, Ritchie's choice for the role, was cast to play King Arthur.[11] Elizabeth Olsen was in talks for the female lead,[12] but on September 18, Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey landed the role instead.[13] On November 14, Jude Law was in talks to play the lead villain role in the film.[14] On February 11, 2015, Eric Bana was added to the cast to play Uther, the father of King Arthur.[15] Mikael Persbrandt joined the film on March 6 2015, to play a villainous role.[16] Although there were reports Idris Elba had been cast, he would confirm, in a Reddit AMA, this was a rumour.[17][18]
Filming[edit]
Filming in Windsor Great Park was underway in February 2015,[19] then later in North Wales from March 2, 2015.[20] Later on March 10, 2015, Ritchie tweeted a photo and confirmed the first day of shooting.[citation needed] In April 2015, filming took place in Snowdonia, where locations used were Tryfan, Nant Gwynant near Beddgelert and Capel Curig.[21] Early in July filming continued in the Shieldaig, Loch Torridon and Applecross areas of Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands. One day of filming also took place at The Quiraing on the Isle of Skye. Filming also took place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden.
Release[edit]
In April 2014, Warner Bros. set the film for a July 22, 2016 release, alongside Lights Out, but it was then moved by Warner Bros. from its original release date of July 22, 2016 to February 17, 2017, alongside Maze Runner: The Death Cure.[22] Warner Bros. moved the release date from February 17, 2017 to March 24, 2017.[23] The title was changed to King Arthur: Legend of the Sword in July 2016.[24] In December 2016 the release date was again moved, this time to May 12, 2017, possibly so as not to compete with CHiPs.[25][26]
Promotion[edit]
The trailer was released on 23 July 2016, during the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con and was attached to screenings of Mechanic: Resurrection, Don't Breathe, Shut In, and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.
It was originally planned for an IMAX release on 22 July 2016, as evident in the Comic-Con trailer,[27] but was cancelled due to it being postponed and only received non-IMAX presentations. The first extended TV spot was released on 22 January 2017, and was shown on the 2017 NFC Championship Game on Fox Broadcasting Company between the Atlanta Falcons and the Green Bay Packers and the 2017 AFC Championship Game on CBS between the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots.
A second trailer was released on 20 February 2017 and was attached to Logan, Kong: Skull Island, Power Rangers and Ghost in the Shell. The third and final trailer was released on 1 April 2017 and was attached to The Fate of the Furious, The Lost City of Z (which also starred Hunnam) and Free Fire. All-in-all, Warner Bros. spent $135 million on marketing the film.[7]
The film was shown at select AMC Theatres in a special preview on 27 April 2017, in a promotional event titled "King for a Day." Demand for tickets led AMC to expand the event to 200 theatres.[28]
Home media[edit]
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword was released on DVD, Blu-ray, 3D Blu-ray and Ultra HD on 8 August 2017.[29]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword grossed $39.2 million in the United States and Canada and $107 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $146.2 million, against a production budget of $175 million.[5]
In North America, the film was released alongside Snatched and was initially projected to gross around $25 million from 3,702 theatres during its opening weekend.[4] It made $1.15 million from Thursday night previews at about 3,200 theatres, but after making just $5.3 million on Friday, weekend projections were lowered to $15 million.[30] It ended up debuting to $15.4 million, finishing third at the box office. Deadline.com noted that due to the film's $175 million production budget, as well as at least an additional $100 million spent on marketing, the film was destined to be a box office bomb.[31] Regarding the cost of the film, the site quoted one finance expert as saying: "Make original IP [intellectual property] for a cost effective price. If it works then spend more if necessary on the sequel. King Arthur should have been done for $60M–80M. Warner Bros. had no reason to spend $175M-plus on this picture."[7] Comparing its opening to cost, IndieWire called the film's failings "historic".[32] The Hollywood Reporter noted that the film would likely lose about $150 million.[8] In its second weekend the film grossed $7.2 million (a drop of 53.5%), finishing 5th at the box office.[33]
The film debuted at No. 1 in an estimated 29 countries, including Russia and Scandinavia, with openings to follow in the United Kingdom, France, South Korea, and Australia.[34] Over its opening weekend, it made only $29.1 million worldwide, in 51 non-American countries.[35]
Critical response[edit]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 28% based on 217 reviews and an average rating of 4.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword piles mounds of modern action flash on an age-old tale – and wipes out much of what made it a classic story in the first place."[36] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating, the film has a score 41 out of 100 based 45 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[37] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale; 56% of the opening weekend filmgoers were under the age of 35, and 59% were men.[7]
Writing for The Guardian, Peter Bradshaw gave the film a generally positive review: "Guy Ritchie’s cheerfully ridiculous Arthur is a gonzo monarch, a death-metal warrior-king. Ritchie’s film is at all times over the top, crashing around its digital landscapes in all manner of beserkness, sometimes whooshing along, sometimes stuck in the odd narrative doldrum. But it is often surprisingly entertaining, and whatever clunkers he has delivered in the past, Ritchie again shows that a film-maker of his craft and energy commands attention, and part of his confidence in reviving King Arthur resides here in being so unselfconscious and unconcerned about the student canon that has gone before."[38]
In a pan of the film for the Chicago Tribune, Michael Phillips questioned the long-term longevity of the projected series of six Arthur films from Ritchie: "I'm no businessman, but plans for a six-film franchise may be optimistic. Optimism is nowhere to be found in Ritchie's movie itself. It is a grim and stupid thing, from one of the world's most successful mediocre filmmakers, and if Shakespeare's King Lear were blogging today, he'd supply the blurb quote: 'Nothing will come of nothing.'."[39] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film one-and-a-half out of four stars, stating that despite the potential for a revisionist King Arthur story with "[t]he Ritchie sense of style", the overall problem is the film's lack of modulation: "Ritchie keeps rushing us along for two hours, as if to make absolutely certain that we never have time to absorb any character or moment, much less revel in the glorious, cheeky ridiculousness of the whole thing."[40]
Alissa Wilkinson of Vox writes that the film is "surprisingly good, and surprisingly political" in relation to the British withdrawal from the European Union, and "occasionally, it's even pretty great".[41] Chris Hartwell of The Hollywood Reporter expressed disappointment in the film's lackluster box office performance denying a sequel for the introduction of Merlin, stating it would have been more successful as a solo film instead of setting up a franchise.[42]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Film releases". Variety Insight. Archived from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword". AMC Theatres. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017)". AllMovie. Retrieved 12 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "'King Arthur: Legend of the Sword' poised for soft box office opening as 'Guardians' rules". Los Angeles Times. 9 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved September 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jenkins, Mark (May 11, 2017). "'King Arthur: Legend Of The Sword': An Edgy Script, Dulled By CGI". NPR. Retrieved May 17, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "'King Arthur's Head Cut Off With $14.7M Opening As 'Snatched' Swims To $17.5M in A 'Guardians'-Ruled Mother's Day Weekend". Deadline.com. 14 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Box-Office Meltdown: 'King Arthur' Could Lose $150M After Falling on Its Sword". The Hollywood Reporter. 15 May 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-4508778/Plans-King-Arthur-franchise-dead.html
^ Jump up to: a b c d White, Adam. "The fall of Camelot: how Guy Ritchie's King Arthur became a $175 million box office bomb". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Sons of Anarchy's Charlie Hunnam Is Guy Ritchie's Choice For King Arthur". deadline.com.
Jump up ^ "Charlie Hunnam to Play King Arthur for Guy Ritchie". Variety.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (September 18, 2014). "'King Arthur' Finds Guinevere With 'Pirates of the Caribbean' Actress". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 19, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (November 14, 2014). "Jude Law Circling Villainous Role in Guy Ritchie's King Arthur Film". Variety. Retrieved November 16, 2014.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (11 February 2015). "Eric Bana to Play King Arthur's Father in 'Knights of the Round Table' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Ford, Rebecca (March 6, 2015). "Guy Ritchie's 'King Arthur' Adds Swedish Actor Mikael Persbrandt". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Idris Elba Eyes Guy Ritchie's 'King Arthur' at Warner Bros". Variety. 21 July 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Freeman, Molly. "Idris Elba Talks Luke Cage & Debunks 'King Arthur' Casting Rumor". Screenrant. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Phillip Williams. "Vans & signs left after filming (C) Phillip Williams : Geograph Britain and Ireland". geograph.org.uk. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ "On the Set for 3/2/15: Matthew McConaughey & Gugu Mbatha-Raw Start 'Free State of Jones', 'Kickboxer' Wraps & More". ssninsider.com. 2 March 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015.
Jump up ^ Crump, Eryl (April 10, 2015). "Filming of Hollywood movie King Arthur set to start in Snowdonia". dailypost.co.uk. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
Jump up ^ Anthony D'Alessandro (21 December 2015). "Guy Ritchie's King Arthur Film Gallops To 2017, 'Lights Out' On July 22, 2016: WB Release Date Changes". Deadline.com. Retrieved 22 December 2015.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (7 December 2016). "Charlie Hunnam's King Arthur Movie Pushed Back to March 2017". Comingsoon.net. Retrieved 7 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "Warner Bros. Pictures Comic-Con Plans Announced!". 11 July 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Guy Ritchie's King Arthur Has A New Release Date, And It's Brutal". CinemaBlend. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Warner Bros. Shifts King Arthur, CHiPS & Annabelle 2 Release Dates". screenrant.com. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword in IMAX". imax.com. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (20 April 2017). "'King Arthur: Legend Of The Sword' Advance Previews In Huge Demand; AMC Ups Theater Count". Deadline. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword". Amazon.com. 8 August 2017. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "'King Arthur' Delivers $1.15M from Thursday Previews, 'Snatched' Takes in $650k". Box Office Mojo. 12 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Box-Office Bomb: 'King Arthur' Opens to Disastrous $15M Behind 'Snatched'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "'King Arthur: Legend of the Sword' is a Failure, and Summer Box Office Could Follow". IndieWire. 14 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Moviegoers Make $40M Pact With 'Alien: Covenant', 2nd Best Debut For Sci-Fi Series". Deadline.com. 22 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Box Office: ‘King Arthur’ Stumbles Overseas With $29.1 Million", Seth Kelly. Variety. 14 May 2017. Retrieved May, 14 2017
Jump up ^ Schwartzel, Erich (14 May 2017). "'King Arthur' Movie Falls on Its Sword in Opening Weekend". The Wall Street Journal.
Jump up ^ "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 2 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Bradshaw, Peter (9 May 2017). "Review of Guy Ritchie's King Arthur". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Michael Phillips. Review of Guy Ritchie's King Arthur Chicago Tribune.
Jump up ^ Seitz, Matt Zoller (12 May 2017). "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword Movie Review (2017)". RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword is surprisingly good, and surprisingly political", Alissa Wilkinson. Vox.com. 11 May 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017
Jump up ^ "How 'King Arthur' Was Killed by a Would-Be Franchise".
External links[edit]
Official website
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword on IMDb
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword at Box Office Mojo
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword at Metacritic
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Guy Ritchie
The Hard Case (1995)
Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998)
Snatch (2000)
Swept Away (2002)
Revolver (2005)
RocknRolla (2008)
Sherlock Holmes (2009)
Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows (2011)
The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (2015)
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017)
Aladdin (2019)
[show]
v
t
e
Films based on Arthurian legends
Live-action
Army of Darkness
Arthur and Merlin
Avalon High
The Black Knight
Camelot
Dragonheart
Dragons of Camelot
Dr. Strange (1978)
Excalibur
First Knight
The Four Diamonds
Gawain and the Green Knight
Guinevere
King Arthur
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017)
Knights of the Round Table
Lancelot and Guinevere
Lancelot du Lac
The Last Legion
Merlin and the War of the Dragons
Merlin: The Return
Merlin: The Quest Begins
Perceval le Gallois
Prince Valiant (1954)
Prince Valiant (1997)
Siege of the Saxons
The Sorcerer's Apprentice
Sword of the Valiant
Young Arthur
Films from Twain's
Connecticut Yankee
A Connecticut Yankee (1931)
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1921)
A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1949)
A Kid in King Arthur's Court
A Knight in Camelot
New Adventures of a Yankee in King Arthur's Court
Unidentified Flying Oddball
Films based on
Tristan and Iseult legend
Fire and Sword
Lovespell
Tristan & Isolde
Films based on
Wagner's Parsifal
Parsifal (1904)
The Evil Forest (1951)
Parsifal (1982)
Comedies
King Arthur Was a Gentleman
Knutzy Knights
Monty Python and the Holy Grail
Squareheads of the Round Table
Animation
Knight-mare Hare
Merlin and the Dragons
Pound Puppies and the Legend of Big Paw
Quest for Camelot
The Sword in the Stone
[show]
v
t
e
Works by Akiva Goldsman
Films directed
Winter's Tale (2014)
Stephanie (2017)
Films written
The Client (1994)
Silent Fall (1994)
Batman Forever (1995)
A Time to Kill (1996)
Batman & Robin (1997)
Lost in Space (1998)
Practical Magic (1998)
A Beautiful Mind (2001)
I, Robot (2004)
Cinderella Man (2005)
The Da Vinci Code (2006)
I Am Legend (2007)
Angels & Demons (2008)
Winter's Tale (2014)
The Divergent Series: Insurgent (2015)
Rings (2017)
Transformers: The Last Knight (2017)
The Dark Tower (2017)
Films produced
Lost in Space (1998)
Deep Blue Sea (1999)
Starsky & Hutch (2004)
Mindhunters (2004)
Constantine (2005)
Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005)
Poseidon (2006)
I Am Legend (2007)
Hancock (2008)
The Losers (2010)
Fair Game (2010)
Jonah Hex (2010)
Lone Survivor (2013)
Winter's Tale (2014)
King Arthur: Legend of the Sword (2017)
The Dark Tower (2017)
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Holland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the region in the Netherlands, not the country itself. For the country of the Netherlands as a whole, see Netherlands. For other uses of "Holland", see Holland (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Holland

North and South Holland (in orange) shown together within the Netherlands
Country
Netherlands
Largest settlements
List[show]
Amsterdam
Rotterdam
The Hague
Haarlem
Zoetermeer
Dordrecht
Leiden
Area
• Total
5,488 km2 (2,119 sq mi)
Population (January 2017)[1]
• Total
6,466,735
• Density
1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
Demonym(s)
Hollander
Time zone
CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)
CEST (UTC+2)
Holland is a region and former province on the western coast of the Netherlands. The name Holland is also frequently used informally to refer to the whole of the country of the Netherlands. This usage is commonly accepted in other countries, and not entirely uncommon among the Dutch themselves. However, some in the Netherlands, particularly in other regions of the country, may find it undesirable[2] or misrepresentative.
From the 10th to the 16th century, Holland proper was a unified political region within the Holy Roman Empire as a county ruled by the Counts of Holland. By the 17th century, Holland had risen to become a maritime and economic power, dominating the other provinces of the newly independent Dutch Republic.
The area of the former County of Holland roughly coincides with the two current Dutch provinces of North Holland and South Holland, which together include the Netherlands' three largest cities: the de jure capital city of Amsterdam; Rotterdam, home of Europe's largest port; and the seat of government of The Hague.
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology and terminology
2 History
2.1 County of Holland
2.2 Dutch Republic
2.3 Under French rule
2.4 Kingdom of the Netherlands
3 Geography
3.1 Reclamation of the land
4 Culture
4.1 Languages
5 Legacy
5.1 New Holland
5.2 As contemporary exonym for the Netherlands
6 References
7 External links
Etymology and terminology[edit]
The name Holland first appeared in sources for the region around Haarlem, and by 1064 was being used as the name of the entire county. By the early twelfth century, the inhabitants of Holland were called Hollandi in a Latin text.[3] Holland is derived from the Old Dutch term holtlant ("wood-land").[4] This spelling variation remained in use until around the 14th century, at which time the name stabilised as Holland (alternative spellings at the time were Hollant and Hollandt). A popular folk etymology holds that Holland is derived from hol land ("hollow land") and was inspired by the low-lying geography of Holland.[4]
The proper name of the area in both Dutch and English is "Holland". Holland is a part of the Netherlands. "Holland" is informally used in English and other languages, including sometimes the Dutch language itself, to mean the whole of the modern country of the Netherlands.[2] This example of pars pro toto or synecdoche is similar to the tendency to refer to the United Kingdom as "England",[5][6] and developed due to Holland becoming the dominant province and thus having the majority of political and economic interactions with other countries.[7]
Under Napoleon this usage was made official, the puppet kingdom ruled by his brother Louis Bonaparte being given the name "Kingdom of Holland" – but this was dropped after Napoleon's defeat and the restoration of the House of Orange.
The people of Holland are referred to as "Hollanders" in both Dutch and English, though in English this now unusual and nearly-archaic. Today this refers specifically to people from the current provinces of North Holland and South Holland. Strictly speaking, the term "Hollanders" does not refer to people from the other provinces in the Netherlands, but colloquially "Hollanders" is sometimes used in this wider sense.
In Dutch, the Dutch word "Hollands" is the adjectival form for "Holland". The Dutch word "Hollands" is also colloquially and occasionally used by some Dutch people in the sense of "Nederlands" (Dutch), but then often with the intention of contrasting with other types of Dutch people or language, for example Limburgish, the Belgian form of the Dutch language ("Flemish"), or even any southern variety of Dutch within the Netherlands itself.
In English, "Dutch" refers to the Netherlands as a whole, but there is no commonly used adjective for "Holland". The word "Hollandish" is no longer in common use. "Hollandic" is the name linguists give to the dialect spoken in Holland, and is occasionally also used by historians and when referring to pre-Napoleonic Holland.
History[edit]
Initially, Holland was a remote corner of the Holy Roman Empire. Gradually, its regional importance increased until it began to have a decisive, and ultimately dominant, influence on the History of the Netherlands.
County of Holland[edit]
Further information: County of Holland
Coat of arms of the County of Holland
Until the start of the 12th century, the inhabitants of the area that became Holland were known as Frisians. The area was initially part of Frisia. At the end of the 9th century, West-Frisia became a separate county in the Holy Roman Empire. The first Count known about with certainty was Dirk I, who ruled from 896 to 931. He was succeeded by a long line of counts in the House of Holland (who were in fact known as counts of Frisia until 1101). When John I, count of Holland, died childless in 1299, the county was inherited by John II of Avesnes, count of Hainaut. By the time of William V (House of Wittelsbach; 1354–1388) the count of Holland was also the count of Hainaut and Zealand.
After the St. Lucia's flood in 1287 the part of Frisia west of the later Zuiderzee, West Friesland, was conquered. As a result, most provincial institutions, including the States of Holland and West Frisia, would for more than five centuries refer to "Holland and West Frisia" as a unit. The Hook and Cod wars started around this time and ended when the countess of Holland, Jacoba or Jacqueline was forced to give up Holland to the Burgundian Philip III, known as Philip the Good, in 1432.
In 1432, Holland became part of the Burgundian Netherlands and since 1477 of the Habsburg Seventeen Provinces. In the 16th century the county became the most densely urbanised region in Europe, with the majority of the population living in cities. Within the Burgundian Netherlands, Holland was the dominant province in the north; the political influence of Holland largely determined the extent of Burgundian dominion in that area. The last count of Holland was Philip III, better known as Philip II, king of Spain. He was deposed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, although the kings of Spain continued to carry the titular appellation of Count of Holland until the Peace of Münster signed in 1648.
Dutch Republic[edit]
A map of Holland from 1682.
In the Dutch Rebellion against the Habsburgs during the Eighty Years' War, the naval forces of the rebels, the Watergeuzen, established their first permanent base in 1572 in the town of Brill. In this way, Holland, now a sovereign state in a larger Dutch confederation, became the centre of the rebellion. It became the cultural, political and economic centre of the United Provinces (Dutch: Verenigde Provinciën), in the 17th century, the Dutch Golden Age, the wealthiest nation in the world. After the King of Spain was deposed as the count of Holland, the executive and legislative power rested with the States of Holland, which was led by a political figure who held the office of Grand Pensionary.
The largest cities in the Dutch Republic were in the province of Holland, such as Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Leiden, Alkmaar, The Hague, Delft, Dordrecht and Haarlem. From the great ports of Holland, Hollandic merchants sailed to and from destinations all over Europe, and merchants from all over Europe gathered to trade in the warehouses of Amsterdam and other trading cities of Holland.
Many Europeans thought of the United Provinces first as Holland rather than as the Republic of the Seven United Provinces of the Netherlands. A strong impression of Holland was planted in the minds of other Europeans, which then was projected back onto the Republic as a whole. Within the provinces themselves, a gradual slow process of cultural expansion took place, leading to a "Hollandification" of the other provinces and a more uniform culture for the whole of the Republic. The dialect of urban Holland became the standard language.
Under French rule[edit]
Further information: Kingdom of Holland
Departments of French Empire North 1811
The formation of the Batavian Republic, inspired by the French revolution, led to a more centralised government. Holland became a province of a unitary state. Its independence was further reduced by an administrative reform in 1798, in which its territory was divided into several departments called Amstel, Delf, Texel, and part of Schelde en Maas.
From 1806 to 1810 Napoleon styled his vassal state, governed by his brother Louis Napoleon and shortly by the son of Louis, Napoleon Louis Bonaparte, as the "Kingdom of Holland". This kingdom encompassed much of what would become the modern Netherlands. The name reflects how natural at the time it had become to equate Holland with the non-Belgian Netherlands as a whole.[8]
During the period the Low Countries were annexed by the French Empire and actually incorporated into France (from 1810 to 1813), Holland was divided into départements Zuyderzée, and Bouches-de-la-Meuse. From 1811 to 1813 Charles-François Lebrun, duc de Plaisance served as governor-general. He was assisted by Antoine de Celles, Goswin de Stassart and François Jean-Baptiste d'Alphonse.[9]
Kingdom of the Netherlands[edit]
After 1813, Holland was restored as a province of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Holland was divided into the present provinces North Holland and South Holland in 1840, after the Belgian Revolution of 1830. This reflected a historical division of Holland along the IJ into a Southern Quarter (Zuiderkwartier) and a Northern Quarter (Noorderkwartier),[citation needed] but the actual division is different from the old division. From 1850, a strong process of nation formation took place, the Netherlands being culturally unified and economically integrated by a modernisation process, with the cities of Holland as its centre.[10]
Geography[edit]
Further information: Geography of the Netherlands
North Holland
South Holland
Holland is situated in the west of the Netherlands. A maritime region, Holland lies on the North Sea at the mouths of the Rhine and the Meuse (Maas). It has numerous rivers and lakes and an extensive inland canal and waterway system. To the south is Zealand. The region is bordered on the east by the IJsselmeer and four different provinces of the Netherlands.
Holland is protected from the sea by a long line of coastal dunes. Most of the land area behind the dunes consists of polder landscape lying well below sea level. At present the lowest point in Holland is a polder near Rotterdam, which is about seven metres (23 ft) below sea level. Continuous drainage is necessary to keep Holland from flooding. In earlier centuries windmills were used for this task. The landscape was (and in places still is) dotted with windmills, which have become a symbol of Holland.
Holland is 7,494 square kilometres (2,893 square miles) (land and water included), making it roughly 13% of the area of the Netherlands. Looking at land alone, it is 5,488 square kilometres (2,119 square miles) in area. The combined population is 6.1 million.
The main cities in Holland are Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague. Amsterdam is formally the capital of the Netherlands and its largest city. The Port of Rotterdam is Europe's largest and most important harbour and port. The Hague is the seat of government of the Netherlands. These cities, combined with Utrecht and other smaller municipalities, effectively form a single metroplex—a conurbation called Randstad.
The Randstad area is one of the most densely populated regions of Europe, but still relatively free of urban sprawl. There are strict zoning laws. Population pressures are enormous, property values are high, and new housing is constantly under development on the edges of the built-up areas. Surprisingly, much of the province still has a rural character. The remaining agricultural land and natural areas are highly valued and protected. Most of the arable land is used for intensive agriculture, including horticulture and greenhouse agri-businesses.
Reclamation of the land[edit]
Benthuizen polder, as seen from a dike
The land that is now Holland had never been stable. Over the millennia the geography of the region had been dynamic. The western coastline shifted up to thirty kilometres (19 miles) to the east and storm surges regularly broke through the row of coastal dunes. The Frisian Isles, originally joined to the mainland, became detached islands in the north. The main rivers, the Rhine and the Meuse (Maas), flooded regularly and changed course repeatedly and dramatically.
The people of Holland found themselves living in an unstable, watery environment. Behind the dunes on the coast of the Netherlands a high peat plateau had grown, forming a natural protection against the sea. Much of the area was marsh and bog. By the tenth century the inhabitants set about cultivating this land by draining it. However, the drainage resulted in extreme soil shrinkage, lowering the surface of the land by up to fifteen metres (49 feet).
To the south of Holland, in Zeeland, and to the north, in Frisia, this development led to catastrophic storm floods literally washing away entire regions, as the peat layer disintegrated or became detached and was carried away by the flood water. From the Frisian side the sea even flooded the area to the east, gradually hollowing Holland out from behind and forming the Zuiderzee (the present IJsselmeer). This inland sea threatened to link up with the "drowned lands" of Zealand in the south, reducing Holland to a series of narrow dune barrier islands in front of a lagoon. Only drastic administrative intervention saved the county from utter destruction. The counts and large monasteries took the lead in these efforts, building the first heavy emergency dikes to bolster critical points. Later special autonomous administrative bodies were formed, the waterschappen ("water control boards"), which had the legal power to enforce their regulations and decisions on water management. As the centuries went by, they eventually constructed an extensive dike system that covered the coastline and the polders, thus protecting the land from further incursions by the sea.
However, the Hollanders did not stop there. Starting around the 16th century, they took the offensive and began land reclamation projects, converting lakes, marshy areas and adjoining mudflats into polders. This continued right into the 20th century. As a result, historical maps of mediaeval and early modern Holland bear little resemblance to the maps of today.
This ongoing struggle to master the water played an important role in the development of Holland as a maritime and economic power and in the development of the character of the people of Holland.
Culture[edit]
Holland tends to be associated with a particular image. The stereotypical image of Holland is an artificial amalgam of tulips, windmills, clogs, cheese and traditional dress (klederdracht). As is the case with many stereotypes, this is far from the truth and reality of life in Holland. This can at least in part be explained by the active exploitation of these stereotypes in promotions of Holland and the Netherlands. In fact only in a few of the more traditional villages, such as Volendam and locations in the Zaan area, are the different costumes with wooden shoes still worn by some inhabitants.
The predominance of Holland in the Netherlands has resulted in regionalism on the part of the other provinces. This is a reaction to the perceived threat that Holland poses to the identities and local cultures of the other provinces. The other provinces have a strong, and often negative,[11] image of Holland and the Hollanders, to whom certain qualities are ascribed within a mental geography, a conceptual mapping of spaces and their inhabitants.[12] On the other hand, some Hollanders take Holland's cultural dominance for granted and treat the concepts of "Holland" and the "Netherlands" as coincidental. Consequently, they see themselves not primarily as "Hollanders", but simply as "Dutch" (Nederlanders).[13] This phenomenon has been called "hollandocentrism".[14]
Languages[edit]
The predominant language spoken in Holland is Dutch. Hollanders sometimes refer to the Dutch language as "Hollands,"[15] instead of the standard term Nederlands. Inhabitants of Belgium and other provinces of the Netherlands refer to "Hollands" to indicate someone speaking in a Hollandic dialect, or strong accent.
Standard Dutch was historically largely based on the dialect of the County of Holland, incorporating many traits derived from the dialects of the previously more powerful Duchy of Brabant and County of Flanders. Strong dialectal variation still exists throughout the Low Countries. Today, Holland-proper is the region where the original dialects are least spoken, in many areas having been completely replaced by standard Dutch, and the Randstad has the largest influence on the developments of the standard language—with the exception of the Dutch spoken in Belgium.[16]
Despite this correspondence between standard Dutch and the Dutch spoken in the Randstad, there are local variations within Holland itself that differ from standard Dutch. The main cities each have their own modern urban dialect, that can be considered a sociolect.[17] A small number of people, especially in the area north of Amsterdam, still speak the original dialect of the county, Hollandic. The Hollandic dialect is present in the north: Volendam and Marken and the area around there, West Friesland and the Zaanstreek; and in a south-eastern fringe bordering on the provinces of North Brabant and Utrecht. In the south on the island of Goeree-Overflakkee, Zealandic is spoken.
Legacy[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
New Holland[edit]
Further information: New Holland
The province of Holland gave its name to a number of colonial settlements and discovered regions that were called Nieuw Holland or New Holland. The most extensive of these was the island continent presently known as Australia: New Holland was first applied to Australia in 1644 by the Dutch seafarer Dirk Hartog as a Latin Nova Hollandia, and remained in international use for 190 years. Another Dutch explorer, Abel Tasman named New Zealand after the Dutch province of Zealand. In the Netherlands Nieuw Holland would remain the usual name of the continent until the end of the 19th century; it is now no longer in use there, the Dutch name today being Australië.
As contemporary exonym for the Netherlands[edit]
Further information: Terminology of the Low Countries § Holland as exonym
While "Holland" has been replaced in English as the official name for the country of the Netherlands, other languages still use it or a variant of it to officially refer to the Netherlands. This is still the case in all Indonesian languages, for example:
Acehnese: Blanda
Banjar: Walanda
Banyumasan: Landa
Indonesian: Belanda
Javanese: Walanda
Malay: Belanda
Minangkabau: Balando
References[edit]
Jump up ^ (in Dutch) [1] Statline CBS: Bevolkingsontwikkeling per maand
^ Jump up to: a b "Holland or the Netherlands?". Dutch Embassy in Sweden. Retrieved 15 December 2012.
Jump up ^ Antheun Janse, "Een zichzelf verdeeld rijk" in Thimo de Nijs and Eelco Beukers (eds.), 2003, Geschiedenis van Holland, Volume 1, p. 73
^ Jump up to: a b Oxford English Dictionary, "Holland, n.1," etymology.
Jump up ^ "The majority of English people still behave as if 'English' and 'British' are synonymous", historian Norman Davies quoted in The English: Europe's lost tribe, BBC News Story, January 14, 1999
Jump up ^ George Mikes, How to be an Alien, "When people say England, they sometimes mean Great Britain, sometimes the United Kingdom, sometimes the British Isles - but never England."
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ Willem Frijhoff, "Hollands hegemonie" in Thimo de Nijs and Eelco Beukers (eds.), 2002, Geschiedenis van Holland, Volume 2, p. 468
Jump up ^ C.F. Gijsberti Hodenpijl (1904) Napoleon in Holland, p. 6-7.
Jump up ^ Hans Knippenberg and Ben de Pater, "Brandpunt van macht en modernisering" in Thimo de Nijs and Eelco Beukers (eds.), 2003, Geschiedenis van Holland, Volume 3, p. 548
Jump up ^ Rob van Ginkel, "Hollandse Tonelen" in Thimo de Nijs and Eelco Beukers (eds.), Geschiedenis van Holland, Volume 3, p. 688
Jump up ^ Hans Knippenberg and Ben de Pater, "Brandpunt van macht en modernisering" in Thimo de Nijs and Eelco Beukers (eds.), 2003, Geschiedenis van Holland, Volume 3, p. 556
Jump up ^ Thimo de Nijs, "Hollandse identiteit in perspectief" in Thimo de Nijs and Eelco Beukers (eds.), 2003, Geschiedenis van Holland, Volume 3, p. 700
Jump up ^ Rob van Ginkel, "Hollandse Tonelen" in Thimo de Nijs and Eelco Beukers (eds.), 2003, Geschiedenis van Holland, Volume 3, p. 647
Jump up ^ Dutch: An Essential Grammar, p.15, William Z. Shetter, Esther Ham, Routlege, 2007
Jump up ^ Sijs, Nicoline van der, 2006, De geschiedenis van het Nederlands in een notendop, Amsterdam, Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, pp. 127–128
Jump up ^ Sijs, Nicoline van der, 2006, De geschiedenis van het Nederlands in een notendop, Amsterdam, Uitgeverij Bert Bakker, pp. 123
External links[edit]
[3] a journey through the landscape and history of HOLLAND, a TV-series (2003) by Kees Slager and Theo Uittenbogaard
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Holland.
Coordinates: 52°15′00″N 4°40′01″E / 52.250°N 4.667°E / 52.250; 4.667
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holland&oldid=809049191"
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Nation building

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Geography of the Netherlands

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Meuse (river)

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Utrecht (city)

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Intensive agriculture

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Meuse River

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Dike (construction)

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Water management

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New Holland

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