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Uno (card game)
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For the video game adaptation, see Uno (video game).
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Uno
Type
Shedding-type
Players
2 – 10[1]
Skills required
Keeping important cards for later, knowing when to put them down, concealing your hand.
Age range
7+[1]
Cards
108
Playing time
Normally, up to an hour but can go longer
Random chance
easy
Uno (/ˈuːnoʊ/; from Italian and Spanish for 'one'; stylized as UNO) is an American shedding-type card game that is played with a specially printed deck. The game's general principles put it into the Crazy Eights family of card games. The game was originally developed in 1971 by Merle Robbins in Reading, Ohio, a suburb of Cincinnati. It has been a Mattel brand since 1992. When his family and friends began to play more and more, he spent $8,000 to have 5,000 copies of the game made. He sold it from his barbershop at first, and local businesses began to sell it as well. Robins later sold the rights to UNO to a group of friends headed by Robert Tezak, a funeral parlor owner in Joliet, Illinois, for $50,000 plus royalties of 10 cents per game. Tezak formed International Games, Inc., to market UNO, with offices behind his funeral parlor. The games were produced by Lewis Saltzman of Saltzman Printers in Maywood, Illinois. In 1992, International Games became part of the Mattel family of companies.[2]There can be 2-10 players.
Contents
1 Official rules
1.1 Penalties
1.2 Two-player game
1.3 House rules
2 Strategies
3 Card and deck styles
4 Theme packs
4.1 Themed My First Uno games
4.2 Themed video games
4.3 Themed sports teams
5 Special Uno games
6 Video games
7 Variations
8 UNO: Slots
9 UNO: The Game Show
10 Similar games
11 Notes
12 References
13 Bibliography
Official rules[edit]
Uno cards
Uno cards
UNO cards deck
The aim of the game is to be the first player to score 500 points, achieved (usually over several rounds of play) by a player discarding all of their cards and earning points corresponding to the value of the remaining cards still held by the other players. Action cards (Skip, Draw Two and Reverse) are worth 20 Points while Wild and Wild Draw Four cards are worth 50 Points.
The deck consists of 108 cards, of which there are 25 of each color (red, green, blue, and yellow), each color having two of each rank except zero. The ranks in each color are zero to nine, "Skip", "Draw Two", and "Reverse" (the last three being "action cards"). In addition, the deck contains four each of "Wild" and "Wild Draw Four" cards.
To start a hand, seven cards are dealt to each player, with the top card of the deck flipped over and set aside to begin the discard pile. The player to the dealer's left plays first unless the first card on the discard pile is an action or Wild card (see below). On a player's turn, they must do one of the following:
play a card matching the discard in color, number, or symbol
play a Wild card, or a playable Wild Draw Four card (see restriction below)
draw the top card of the deck
Play proceeds clockwise around the table.
Action and Wild cards have the following effects:
Card
Effect when played from hand
Effect as first discard
Skip Next player in sequence misses a turn Player to dealer's left misses a turn
Reverse Order of play switches directions (clockwise to counterclockwise, or vice versa) Dealer plays first; play proceeds counterclockwise
Draw Two (+2) Next player in sequence draws two cards and misses a turn Player to dealer's left draws two cards and misses a turn
Wild Player determines the next color to be matched (may be used on any turn even if the player has matching color) Player who puts the color card down chooses the color of the new card by putting down a card of that color.
Wild Draw Four/Draw Four Wild (+4 and wild) Player determines next color to be matched; next player in sequence draws four cards and misses a turn. May be legally played only if the player has no cards of the current color (see Penalties) Return card to the deck, shuffle, flip top card to start discard pile
A player who draws from the deck must either play or keep that card and may play no other card from their hand on that turn.
A player may play a Wild card at any time, even if that player has other playable cards.
A player may play a Wild Draw Four card only if that player has no cards matching the current color. The player may have cards of a different color matching the current number or symbol or a Wild card and still play the Wild Draw Four card.[3] A player who plays a Wild Draw Four may be challenged by the next player in sequence (see Penalties) to prove that their hand meets this condition.
If the entire deck is used during play, the top discard is set aside and the rest of the pile is shuffled to create a new deck. Play then proceeds normally.
It is illegal to trade cards of any sort with another player.
A player who plays their next-to-last-card must call "Uno" as a warning to the other players.[4]
The first player to get rid of their last card ("going out") wins the hand and scores points for the cards held by the other players. Number cards count their face value, all action cards count 20, and Wild and Wild Draw Four cards count 50. If a Draw Two or Wild Draw Four card is played to go out, the next player in the sequence must draw the appropriate number of cards before the score is tallied. If the next player has a Draw Two or Wild Draw Four card, it can be stacked and possibly bring the "out" player back into play.
The first player to score 500 points wins the game.
Penalties[edit]
If a player does not call "Uno" after laying down their next-to-last card and is caught before the next player in sequence takes a turn (i.e., plays a card from their hand, draws from the deck, or touches the discard pile), they must draw two cards as a penalty. If the player is not caught in time (subject to interpretation) or remembers to call "Uno" before being caught, they suffer no penalty. If a player falsely calls "Uno" while having multiple cards in their hand, they must draw two cards.[3]
If a player plays a Wild Draw Four card, the following player can challenge its use. The player who used the Wild Draw Four must privately show their hand to the challenging player, in order to demonstrate that they had no matching colored cards. If the challenge is correct, then the challenged player draws four cards instead. If the challenge is wrong, then the challenger must draw six cards; the four cards they were already required to draw plus two more cards.[3]
Two-player game[edit]
In a two-player game, the Reverse card acts like a Skip card; when played, the other player misses a turn.
House rules[edit]
The following house rules are suggested in the Uno rulebook, to alter the game:
Progressive Uno: If a draw card is played, and the following player has the same card, they can play that card and "stack" the penalty, which adds to the current penalty and passes it to the following player.[3]
Seven-O: When a certain card is played, the player is able to trade hands with another player or with all players. For example, the person who played the 7 card is able to switch all of their cards with another player; the player who played the 0 card is able to make every player exchange all their cards to the next player.[3]
Jump-In: If a player has exactly the same card (both number and color) as the top card of the discard pile, they may play it immediately, even if it is not their turn. The game then continues as if that player had just taken their turn.[3]
Strategies[edit]
A strategy at Uno may be offensive (aiming to go out), or defensive (aiming to minimize the value of one's hand, in the event that another player goes out, thus getting those points). Part of the skill of playing Uno is knowing when to adopt an offensive or defensive strategy.
An offensive strategy would be holding on to Wild and Wild Draw Four cards because they can be played near the end of the hand in order to go out (when it's harder to play a matching card). However, a defensive strategy would advise getting rid of such cards early, because they have a high point value.
A defensive strategy would advise playing a high card in order to reduce the point value of the hand. However, an offensive strategy would suggest playing a 0 when the player wants to continue on the current color, because it is less likely to be matched by another 0 of a different color (there is only one 0 of each color, but two of each 1–9).
A player holding only one card is required to call out "Uno" or risk being penalized if caught. A player who calls "Uno" risks being the target of concerted action by the other players, who may be able to use action cards to prevent that player from going out. Depending on the level and seriousness of play, some players may deliberately avoid saying "Uno", in the hope of avoiding detection and then going out on the next turn. For this reason, it is useful to conceal how many cards are in your hand and to keep track of how many cards every other player holds.
Little has been published on the optimal strategy for the game of Uno. Simulations of games may shed some light on the matter. Attempts to reduce point count in a player's hands can be "read" by other players if too transparent. This information can be exploited by other players, and it follows that a mixed strategy may be more appropriate.
Some work has been done into the psychology of Uno as it relates to individual and group behavior.[5] Players may exhibit physical tells,[6] in which a subtle, often repeated, cue inadvertently reveals their state of mind during a game. Alternatively, they may change their playing style, switching from an aggressive card-shedding strategy to a more subdued one, or vice versa.
Card and deck styles[edit]
A deck of English Uno cards from 1994. This particular deck uses the older card design, where letters appear on the action cards instead of symbols.
The new Uno action cards bear symbols which denote their action, except for the Wild cards which still bear the word "Wild." Before the design change, such cards in English versions of the game had letters only. Especially old English versions can be denoted by the absence of the white rim that surrounds the edge of most Uno cards. Other versions use symbols and images in both old and new designs, especially ones with Wild cards that do not bear the word "Wild". The Xbox 360 version of the game uses the new English style of the cards. There are also language-free versions of the newer styles that do not bear the word "Wild" but have the same styling. There is a new version called "Uno Mod" where the cards have symbols instead of letters or numbers. This version also comes in a red and white case. It is one of several "Mod" games by Mattel, the others being Othello (game) Mod, Apples to Apples Mod, Phase 10 Mod, and Skip-Bo Mod.
Theme packs[edit]
There are many different themes and versions of Uno. These theme games may come with slightly different directions and special cards.
American Kennel Club (Herding Breeds) Uno
American Kennel Club (Non-Sporting Group) Uno (2006)
American Kennel Club (Sporting Group) Uno
American Kennel Club (Terrier Breeds) Uno
Angry Birds Uno (2012)
Arsenal Highbury Legends Uno (2007)
Avengers Uno (2015)
Avengers Assemble Uno (2013)
Bandai Uno[a]
Barbie Uno[b]
Barbie Cali Girl Edition Uno (2004)
Barbie - Life in the Dream House Uno (2014)
Batman Uno (2005)
Batman Begins Uno (2005)
Batman: The Dark Knight Uno (2008)
Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice Uno (2015)
Beach Uno (2011)
Betty Boop Uno (2005)
The Big Bang Theory Uno (2012)
Braille Uno (2012)
Care Bears Uno (2003)
Car-Go Uno (2004)
Cars Uno (2006)
Cars 2 Uno (2011)
Cars 3 Uno (2017)
Cinderella Uno (2012)
Coca-Cola Uno (1998, 2004)
Coco (2018)
Dare (2014)
DC Super Heroes Uno
Diary of a Wimpy Kid Uno (2012)
Disney Uno (2002)
Disney Electronic Uno (Classic) (2003)
Disney Electronic Uno (Modern)
Disney Fairies Uno (2009)
Disney Pixar Uno (2012)
Disney Princess Uno[c]
Disney Channel / Disney Shows Uno[d]
Disney Sofia The First Uno[e]
Disney Theme Park Uno[f]
Doc McStuffins Uno (2013)
Dog Uno (2003)
Doraemon Uno[g]
Doctor Who Uno (2007)
Elvis Uno (2000)
Emoji Uno
Eragon Uno (2006)
Family Guy Uno (2004)
Fantastic Four Uno (2005)
Fat Albert Uno (2005)
Ferrari Uno (2000)
Finding Dory Uno (2016)
Fishing Uno (2012)
Florida State University Uno (2011)
Fraggle Rock Uno[h]
Frozen Uno (2014)
Glee Uno (2011)
Ghostbusters Uno (2016)
Golden Compass Uno (2007)
Green Lantern Uno (2011)
Hairspray Uno (2007)
Hanna-Barbera Uno (2004)
Hannah Montana Backstage Pass Uno
Hannah Montana Best of Both Worlds Uno (2007)
Happy Feet Uno (2006)
Harry Potter Uno[i]
Hello Kitty Bow Uno (2012)
Hello Kitty Friendship Uno (2003)
Hi Hi Puffy Amiyumi Uno (2006)
High School Musical Uno (2006)
High School Musical 2 Uno (2007)
High School Musical 3 Uno (2008)
Holiday Uno (2009)
Hoops and Yoyo Uno
Horses Uno (2011)
Hot Death Uno (2001)
Hot Wheels Uno (2012)
House Rules Uno (1998)
Hulk Uno (2003)
H2O[j]
H2O To Go
H2O Splash (2005)
Iron Man 2 Uno (2010)
Jelly Belly Uno (2012)
John Deere Uno(2010)[k]
Justice League Uno (2017)[l]
Kittens Uno
Kung Fu Panda Uno (2008)
Limited Too It's A Girl's World Uno (2008)
Macy's Parade Uno
Magic Tree House Uno (2007)
Marvel Heroes Uno (2010)
Mario Bros. Uno (2012)
Mini Party Favors Uno
Muppet Show Uno[m]
My Scene Uno (2005)
MyUno Uno (2005)
National Parks Uno (2002, 2009)
New York City Uno (2001)
NHL Uno
Nightmare Before Christmas Uno (2007)
Nintendo Uno (2004)
North American Wildlife Uno
Notre Dame Uno (2005)
NSYNC Uno(2000)
One Piece Uno (2003, 2011)
One Piece: The New World Uno (Japan-2012)
Over the Hedge Uno (2006)
Paw Patrol Uno (2015)
Peanuts Uno (2002)[n]
Peanuts – A Charlie Brown Christmas Uno[o]
Peanuts – It's the Great Pumpkin Uno (2006)
Peanuts - Be My Valentine Uno (2006)
Peanuts Movie Uno (2015)
Peanuts – Vintage Peanuts Uno (2005)
The Penguins of Madagascar Uno (2012)
Penn State University Uno
Phineas and Ferb Uno (2012)
Pinkalicious Uno (2010)
Pirates of the Caribbean Uno (2007)
Planes Uno (2013)
Planes - Fire and Rescue! Uno (2014)
Pokémon Uno (2006)
Pokémon: Best Wishes (Japan)
Pokémon: XY (Japan)
Polly Pocket Uno (2006)
Power Rangers Super Samurai Uno
Puppies Uno
Ratatouille Uno (2007)
Ren and Stimpy Uno (2004)
Retro Uno (2014)
Scooby-Doo Uno
Sesame Street Uno (2004)
Shopkins Uno (2015)
Shrek Uno
Shrek 2 Uno (2004)
Shrek the Third Uno[p]
The Simpsons Uno (2003)
The Simpsons (D'oh) Uno (2009)
The Simpsons: Springfield / Great Scot Uno (2006)
The Simpsons: Treehouse of Horror Uno (2005)
Sock Monkey Uno
South Park Uno (2004)
Speed Racer[q]
Spider-Man Uno (2002)
Spider-Man 2 Uno (2004)
Spider-Man Spider Sense Uno*
Marvel Ultimate Spider-Man Web-Warriors Uno (2014)
Splash Uno[r]*
Splash: Finding Dory Uno[s]
SpongeBob SquarePants #1[t]
SpongeBob SquarePants #2[u]
SpongeBob SquarePants #3[v]
SpongeBob SquarePants - Eye Eye SpongeBob! (2008)
SpongeBob SquarePants - Jellyfishing (2008)
SpongeBob SquarePants - Lost in Time (2006)
St. Louis Uno (2005)
Star Trek Uno[w]
Mattel-produced "Special Edition"[x]
Fundex Games "Collector's Edition"[y]
Star Wars: The Clone Wars Uno
Super Mario (2016)
Superman Uno (2005)
Superman Returns Uno (2005)
Sydney 2000 Uno (1999)
Teen Titans Uno (2006)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Uno (2014)
Texas Uno (2006)
Toy Story Uno (2010)
University of Alabama Uno
University of Florida Uno
University of Georgia Uno
University of Kentucky Uno
University of Michigan Uno
University of North Carolina Uno
University of Texas Uno
Uno (1971)
Uno 25th Anniversary (1996)
Uno 30th Anniversary (2001)
Uno 35th Anniversary (2011)
UNO in FitSand Travel Zipper Carry EVA Hard Case (2016)
Uno Deluxe in box[z]
Uno Deluxe in Wood Box
UNO With Customizable Wild Cards (2015)
Uno Mod (2010)
USA Uno
Vacation Uno[aa]
Wilderness Uno (2016)
Wildlife Uno (2012)
Wizard of Oz Uno(2007) [ab]
WWE Legends Uno (2005)
X-Games (1999, 2007)
X-Men Uno (2003)
Note: * indicates HIT Entertainment character, by which Mattel acquired HIT in 2012.
Themed My First Uno games[edit]
Card sets only have 36 cards designed for children at least 3 years of age. These sets come in several variants, based on titles for children. My First Uno versions:
Angelina Ballerina Uno (2005)
Animals Uno
Bob The Builder Uno (2007)
Clifford the Big Red Dog
Curious George Uno (2005)
Dora the Explorer Uno (2003, 2010)
Elmo Uno
Handy Manny Uno (2009)
Disney's Jake and the Neverland Pirates Uno (2011)
Koala Brothers Uno (2005)
Little People Uno (2006)
Mickey Mouse Club Uno (2008)
Miss Spider's Sunny Patch Friends Uno (2006)
Rugrats Uno (1991)
Sesame Street Uno (2004)
SpongeBob SquarePants and Friends Uno (2012)
Thomas & Friends Uno (2010)
Where the Wild Things Are Uno (2007)
Winnie the Pooh and Friends Uno (2002, 2011, 2012)
Yo Gabba Gabba! Uno
Themed video games[edit]
Uno versions available on the Xbox 360:
Street Fighter II Uno[ac]
Project Gotham Racing Uno[ad]
Kameo: Elements of Power Uno[ae]
Uno 35th Anniversary (see above)
Themed sports teams[edit]
Several sports teams each have 112-card sets, featuring players from those teams. The special cards in each deck vary depending on the card set itself. The following teams have confirmed Uno sets.
Minnesota Patriots
Auburn Tigers (NCAA)
England FA (2010)
England Rugby (2010)
Manchester United
Hockey
Calgary Flames (2010)
NHL
NHL Stars of Finland
MLB All-Stars
American League (2005)
American League - Stars of the American League (2006)[af]
American League - Baltimore Orioles Miguel Tejada
American League - Boston Red Sox (Regular (2004) and World Series editions (2007))
American League - Boston Red Sox David Ortiz Limited (2007)
American League - Chicago White Sox (2007)
American League - Chicago White Sox World Series Championship
American League - Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim (2005)
American League - New York Yankees (2006)
American League - New York Yankees Derek Jeter Limited (2007)
American League - Seattle Mariners (2003)
American League - Texas Rangers (2006)

National League
National League - MLB All Stars National League
National League - Chicago Cubs[ag]
National League - Chicago Cubs: Derek Lee (2006)
National League - Houston Astros (2005)
National League - New York Mets (2005)
National League - New Your Mets: David Wright Special (2007)
National League - Philadelphia Phillies (2005)
National League - St. Louis Cardinals (2006)
NBA All-Stars
(East and West)
Eastern Conference - NBA All Stars Eastern Conference (2006)
Eastern Conference - Boston Celtics Legends (2005)
Eastern Conference - Cleveland Cavaliers: LeBron James Special Edition (2007)
Eastern Conference - New York Knicks (2006)
Western Conference - NBA All Stars Western Conference (2006)
Western Conference - Los Angeles Lakers Legends Edition (2006)
Western Conference - Los Angeles Lakers Kobe Bryant Special Edition (2007)
Western Conference - San Antonio Spurs (2006)
American Football
Chicago Bears (2006)
Dallas Cowboys (2006)
Green Bay Packers (2007)
Minnesota Vikings
National Football League NFC Edition (2006)
New England Patriots (2007)
New York Giants (2006)
New York Jets (2009)
NFL American League (2006)
NFL National League (2006)
Phil. Eagles (2006)
Pittsburgh Steelers (2006)
Super Bowl XL Steelers Special Edition (2006)
NFL Greatest Players Editions
Tom Brady (2007)
Reggie Bush(2007)
Brett Favre (2007)
LaDanian Tomlinson (2007)
Brian Urlacher (2007)
Special Uno games[edit]
Uno Attack (Uno Extreme in the UK and Canada) (1999)
Uno Attack Refill Deck
Uno Bingo (1997)
Uno Blast (2012)
Uno Blitzo (2000)
Uno Choo-Choo (2011)
Uno Color Screen
Uno Deluxe
Uno Dare (2014)
Uno Dice (1987, 1996, 2011)
Uno Dominoes (1986)
Electronic Uno
Uno Flash (2007)
Uno Flip (2009)
Giant Uno (2016)
Uno H2O (2004)
Uno H2O To Go
Uno Hearts (1994)
Uno Junior (1992)
King Size Uno The oversized cards have animal illustrations in addition to numbers (1-6) and colors to help children make matches. The deck also contains 4 wild cards, a Draw 2 card for each suit, and a Free Turn card for each suit. (1994)
Killer Uno (1995)
Uno Madness (1995)
Uno Moo (2008, 2014)
Uno Power Grab
Uno Reflex
Uno Roboto
Uno Royal Revenge Whoever wears the crown makes the rules! (2014)
Uno Rummy Up (1993)
Uno Spin (2005)
Uno Spin Hannah Montana (2005)
Uno Spin One Piece (Japan)
Uno Spin To Go (2010)
Uno Stacko (1994)
Travel Uno Stacko
Uno Tippo (2009)
Uno Slam
Uno Tiki Twist (2014)
Uno Wild Jackpot (2016)
Uno Wild Tiles (1982)
Get Wild for Uno (2016)
Uno MineCraft (201x)
Video games[edit]
Hot Death UNO (IBM - 1993)
Uno (handheld video game - 2000)
Uno (handheld video game for the Game Boy Color of the classic Uno board game)
UNO DX (Japanese exclusive Sega Saturn game by Mitsui & Co. - 1998)
Uno (PlayStation Network)
Uno (Xbox Live Arcade)
Uno Rush (Xbox Live Arcade)
Uno Challenge (mobile version of the classic Uno board game)
Uno Free Fall (puzzle game for mobile phones)
Uno 52 (Nintendo Game Boy Advance)
Super Uno (Super Famicom)
Uno (Facebook) (Adobe Flash–based version of the classic Uno card game produced by GameHouse Studios)
Uno iPhone version featuring online and local play. Produced by Gameloft
Uno The same as on the iPhone, but with enhanced graphics. Produced by Gameloft
Uno Released as three versions: SD, HD and Free with adverts. Produced by Gameloft
Uno
Uno & Friends (various platforms)
Pocket Uno
Uno and UNO & Friends for Windows Phone
Uno Undercover (Windows)
Uno (2016 video game for PC, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One by Ubisoft)
Uno (2017 video game for Nintendo Switch, produced by Ubisoft)
Variations[edit]
Many variations from standard gameplay exist, such as Elimination Uno, Speed Uno, French Uno, Pirate Uno, and Pakistani Uno.[7]
A variation of Uno named Dos that includes math and the player having to say "Dos!" when they have 2 cards left. This spinoff of Uno was introduced in 2018.[8]
UNO: Slots[edit]
In 2002, International Gaming Technology (IGT)[9]released a video slot machine based on UNO.
UNO: The Game Show[edit]
In March 2013, it was announced that Mattel and The Gurin Company[10][11]are teaming up to create a game show based on UNO where contestants will match colors, numbers and wits for a shot at a big cash prize. The show would be produced as a half-hour daily strip with a $100,000 cash jackpot along with a primetime version in which contestants competed for 1 million dollars. However, the idea was scrapped later on.
Similar games[edit]
Uno is a member of the shedding family of card games. The shedding family of card games consists of games where the objective is to get rid of all your cards while preventing the other players from getting rid of their cards.
Crazy Eights
Eleusis
Last Card
Macau
Mao
Mau Mau (game)
O'NO 99
One Card (game)
Phase 10
SKIP-BO
Taki
Whot!
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ A version released in Japan.
Jump up ^ Features the "friendship" card, where the player can swap his/her hand with another player. (2002, 2010)
Jump up ^ Features the Dragon Card, when played, all players must discard a prince card (regardless of color or number) to kill the dragon before continuing play. If a player does not have a prince card in their hand, they must pick up cards until they find a prince card. (2004) (2013)
Jump up ^ Deck features many of the characters on the Disney Channel.
Jump up ^ Card game in Foil Bag.
Jump up ^ Evil card: the player holding this card can steal the top card from the DISCARD pile at any point in the game, even if it's not his or her turn. (2005, 2012)
Jump up ^ Released in Japan
Jump up ^ Includes the Travel card (featuring Traveling Matt), which allows the player to "travel" to another player's spot and view his or her entire hand. (2006)
Jump up ^ which features a Draw Three (instead of Draw Two) card; also features a "howler" wild card where, if played, the player who uses the card may select another player to say all of their cards aloud; also features an "invisibility" wild card where, if played, the player can block any card placed down (such as, a card that forces them to draw cards). (2000, 2003, 2005, 2010)
Jump up ^ A deck with transparent waterproof cards. It includes 4 (2 of which are +1 2 of which are +2 downpour cards) black action cards called "wild DownPour" cards; when played, all the other players must pick up the number specified on the card and may choose the next color of play these cards replace two of the wild cards and two of the wild draw four cards out of the original deck, and also double as wild cards. (2004)
Jump up ^ Features farm equipment graphics and a "Harvest" card-The player who plays the harvest card selects another player to draw from the DRAW pile until he/she draws a green card, which will allow them to complete the harvest (or, until they draw 5 cards, whichever comes first).
Jump up ^ Features X-Ray card that lets a player see another's hand and strategically exchange a card.
Jump up ^ Mayhem card: the player who plays it causes everyone to swap hands. The direction of the swap is determined by the player playing the card. (2003)
Jump up ^ Wei, R. H. "Gamebits: Peanuts at Play". Games. Issue 196 (Vol. 27, No. 10). Pg.4. December 2003.
Jump up ^ Happy Holidays Card (2007, 2008, 2010)
Jump up ^ In a Shrek-faced package. 'Merlin Card' When you play this card you call out a color of your choice. All other players draw cards from the DRAW pile until each draws a card of that color. All of the cards that they draw are added to the cards in their hands. (2007)
Jump up ^ This set has a special Racer X card. The player who uses this card draws a card from the draw pile onto the discard pile and the depending on the number, the next player must place a card that follows the number drawn before. For example, player A draws the racer X card and draws a card with the number 3. The next player must place a card with the number 4 (regardless of colour) and the next player must place a card with the number 5 and so on. If they reach 9, they must start over with 0 until a player is unable to place a card and he/she must draw three cards. (2007)
Jump up ^ Comes with a handy clip that keeps all the cards together and attaches to a beach bag, backpack or camping gear. Seems to be about the same as H20 To Go.
Jump up ^ Comes with a handy clip that keeps all the cards together and attaches to a beach bag, backpack or camping gear.
Jump up ^ Super Absorbency (#1) Uno – which features the Super Absorbency card, a wild card which requires the next player to draw one card from all other players' hands at random. There is controversy as to what happens when the Super Absorbency card is played as the player's penultimate card. Some contend that the person playing the card would win as the next player would be required to take that card from him/her. However, some say that there is an exception whereas the Super Absorbency requires a card to be drawn from all players' hands except those who are in the uno stage. Clarification can be found on the back of the SpongeBob metallic tin. (2002)
Jump up ^ Secret Recipe (#2) Uno – Secret Recipe – Allows the player to look at another player's hand. The player can also select a new color just like a wild card.
Jump up ^ Lost in Time (#3 Uno) – Daredevil – Can be played to counter a Draw 2 or Draw 4 card. Can also be used as a wild card.
Jump up ^ Two Editions, both based on Star Trek: The Original Series
Jump up ^ With special cards, each of which appears once per pack: Double Tribble card – The player who plays this card chooses the color of play, then next player doubles the number of cards in their hand and forfeits their turn; Beam Me Up, Scotty card – This can played to stop any command card (a "Draw 2" card, for example) and allows for the color of play to be chosen; Mind Meld card – This commands the next player to show the person who played this card their hand; Live Long & Prosper card – This can be played at any time to discard the players hand and pick up an entirely new one, then allows him/her to choose color of play. (1999)
Jump up ^ Simplifies the special WILDs to one kind: 4 "Beam Up WILD" cards that can negate the effects of any DRAW 2 or DRAW 4 WILD cards played against a player. That player can then call a new color, and play resumes as if they had played a regular WILD. (It can also be used as a regular WILD if desired.) (2008)
Jump up ^ Some versions with erasable score pad. (1978, 1979, 1983, 1986, 1987, 1991, 1993, 2001, 2000, 2004, 2008)
Jump up ^ When this Check Two Card played by a player, he/she can:
immediately play another card of the same suit color, OR
play either Wild or Wild Draw 4 Card, the wild color called must match the color of the Check Two Card played.
However, this Check Two Card cannot be played:
on its own (without a card of the same suit color), OR
as the last card in your hand.
If the Check Two Card is the last card in a player hand, he/she must take another card from the draw pile. If the card just drawn matches the suit color of the Check Two Card, he/she may directly play the Check Two Card, say UNO, and play the matching suit color card to complete the game. (2002)
Jump up ^ Includes a special "Over The Rainbow" card where the person playing this card chooses someone hand to look at, also acts as a wild which then the person chooses the color of play.
Jump up ^ In this game, the cards show different characters from the Street Fighter II video game. This deck contains a special Hadouken card, which allows the user to choose 1 player to draw cards until they have drawn a Skip or a Reverse card. Play then continues on as normal.
Jump up ^ In this game, the cards are drawn like cars seen in the Project Gotham Racing series of video games. In this game, the rules include a card called the "Gotham Live" card, which is the same name used as the replay feature in Project Gotham Racing 3. This card allows a player to look at the hand of any of the other players.
Jump up ^ This pack was released on 1 November 2006. This is a custom deck with artwork from the Kameo game. In addition, a special play card allows you to swap your hand with the hand of another player in the game.
Jump up ^ This may be the same as the "American League" deck
Jump up ^ Different sources list 2005, 2006, & 2007
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b UNO instruction sheet, 1983, International Games Ltd.
Jump up ^ "30 Anniversary rule Book" (PDF). Mattel. 2001. Retrieved 2013-02-09.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "UNO Basic Instructions" (PDF). Mattel. 2008.
Jump up ^ Exact wording of the official rules: 'When you play your next-to-last card, you must yell "UNO" (meaning "one") to indicate that you have only one card left'.
Jump up ^ "How to Play UNO in Large Groups". UNOtips.org. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
Jump up ^ "Tells". Unotips.org. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
Jump up ^ "Uno Variations".
Jump up ^ Friedman, Megan (February 13, 2018). "The Makers of UNO Are Releasing a Spinoff Game Called DOS". Good Housekeeping. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
Jump up ^ "UNO Slots" (PDF).
Jump up ^ "'UNO: The Game Show' In The Cards From Mattel And Gurin Co". Deadline. March 25, 2013. Retrieved March 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lyons, Margaret (March 26, 2013). "Who Doesn't Want an UNO TV Show?". Vulture. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
Bibliography[edit]
Current official rules, from Mattel
Official Mattel Uno site
Uno Rules at UnoRulesonline.com
Uno Variations at UnoVariations.com
Uno variants at pagat.com
Uno News at Wonkavator
Uno at BoardGameGeek
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text:
Fool (If You Think It's Over)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Fool (If You Think It's Over)"
Single by Chris Rea
from the album Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?
B-side
"Midnight Love"
Released
July 1978
Format
7" vinyl
Recorded
1977 at The Mill
Genre
Soft rock[1]
Length
3:39 (single version)
4:47 (album version)
Label
Magnet (UK)
United Artists (US)
Songwriter(s)
Chris Rea
Producer(s)
Gus Dudgeon
Chris Rea singles chronology
"String Module Error: Match not found"
(1974) "Fool (If You Think It's Over)"
(1978) "Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?"
(1978)
"So Much Love
(1974)" "Fool (If You Think It's Over)"
(1978) "Whatever Happened to Benny Santini?"
(1978)
Music video
"Fool (TopPop 1978)" on YouTube
"Fool (If You Think It's Over)"
Single by Chris Rea
from the album New Light Through Old Windows
B-side
"Loving You Again (live)"
Released
October 1988
Format
7" vinyl
Genre
Pop rock, soft rock
Length
4:03
Label
Magnet
Songwriter(s)
Chris Rea
Producer(s)
Chris Rea, Jon Kelly
Chris Rea Dutch singles chronology
"On The Beach (Summer '88)"
(1988) "Fool (If You Think It's Over)"
(1988) "Driving Home for Christmas - The Christmas EP"
(1988)
"On The Beach (Summer '88)"
(1988) "Fool (If You Think It's Over)"
(1988) "Driving Home for Christmas - The Christmas EP"
(1988)
"Fool If You Think It's Over"
Single by Elkie Brooks
from the album Pearls
B-side
"Givin' It Up For Your Love"
Released
December 1981
Format
7" vinyl
Recorded
1980 at The Mill
Genre
Pop rock, soft rock
Length
3:55 (single version)
4:58 (album version)
Label
A&M
Songwriter(s)
Chris Rea
Producer(s)
Gus Dudgeon
Elkie Brooks singles chronology
"Warm & Tender Lover"
(1981) "Fool If You Think It's Over"
(1981) "Our Love"
(1982)
"Warm & Tender Lover"
(1981) "Fool If You Think It's Over"
(1981) "Our Love"
(1982)
"Fool (If You Think It's Over)" is the title of a popular song originally publicly released in 1978 by the British singer-songwriter Chris Rea. Rea also wrote the words and composed the music of the song, which appears on his 1978 debut album, Whatever Happened to Benny Santini? The single's charting success in the USA earned him a Grammy nomination as Best New Artist in 1979.[2]
Contents
1 Background
2 Chart performance (Chris Rea)
3 Covers
3.1 Elkie Brooks version
3.2 Other versions
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Background[edit]
"Fool (If You Think It's Over)" was the lead single from Rea's debut album Whatever Happened to Benny Santini? which was recorded at producer Gus Dudgeon's Thames Valley recording studio The Mill. The song's inspiration was the experience Rea's younger sister Paula had had some years previously of being devastated at losing her first boyfriend, "Fool..."'s lyrics being the advice (real or imagined) with which Rea had responded to his sister's experience.[3] Rea would recall that he had written "Fool..." as a song which Al Green might record:[4][5] (quote:) "I’d always seen it as a Memphis [soul] song [but] I never had the chance to voice my opinion about what I thought about the production" of his own recording of the song [3] of which Rea has elsewhere stated: "[It was in the] wrong key. It ended up being this huge California thing [see California Sound]. It’s the only track I never played guitar on which tells you something about the spirit of it. On top of that, it was just a huge hit. So there was nothing I could do. It was like: 'This is not me!'"[6] Rea did play keyboards on "Fool..." with the track's background vocals provided by Rea and the Mill's assistant engineer Stuart Epps.
Unsuccessful in its initial UK single release in March 1978, "Fool..." was afforded a June 1978 release in the US where it entered the Top 40 of the Hot 100 singles chart in Billboard magazine in July 1978 to reach a #12 peak on the Hot 100 dated 16 September 1978,[7][8] then being in the second week of a three-week tenure at #1 on the Billboard Easy Listening chart.[9] On the strength its US success Rea was invited to perform "Fool..." on the 28 September 1978 TOTP broadcast which evidently facilitated a belated UK chart run for the single with a 28 October 1978 peak of #30.[8][10]
The considerable success of "Fool..." particularly in the US was evidently lost on Rea who recalls being dejected during the 1978 Yuletide overnight drive home from London which inspired "Driving Home for Christmas", at the time considering abandoning what he saw as his failing singing career to fall back on his family's established business of running a restaurant. However, when Rea and his wife Joan reached their Middlesbrough home in the early morning "we opened the door of the house we were just about to lose the mortgage on, and the snow fell into the hall and it didn’t melt - it was that cold - and there was one letter on the floor" - the letter in fact accompanied by a substantial royalty cheque generated by "Fool...".[11]
Rea would remake "Fool (If You Think It's Over)" for his 1988 self-produced album New Light Through Old Windows, and this version of "Fool..." would have a Dutch single release charting at #90. In 2007 Rea would again remake "Fool..." in a session at The Mill - now known as Sol Studios - where the original had been recorded: Rea produced and played all instruments on the track which was included on his 2008 European CD release Fool If You Think It's Over (The Definitive Greatest Hits).
The music journalist Wayne Jacik mentioned the single in his work Billboard Book of One-Hit Wonders.[12]
Chart performance (Chris Rea)[edit]
Weekly singles charts (1978 if not otherwise indicated)
Year-end charts (1978)
Regional chart
Peak #
Regional chart
Peak #
Regional chart
Yr.-end #
Australia [13] 39 New Zealand [14] 31 Australia [13] —
Canada RPM Top Singles [15] 15 UK [10] 30 Canada [16] 101
RPM Adult
OrientedPlaylist [17] 1 U.S. Billboard
Hot 100 [8] 12 U.S. Billboard
Hot 100 [18] 84
France 52
Nether-
lands Dutch Top 40 [19] 25 Cash Box
Top 100 [20] 10 Cash Box
Top 100 [21] 86
Single Top 100
('88 remake) 1988 90 Billboard
Easy Listening [8] 1 Billboard
Easy Listening [22] 7
Covers[edit]
Elkie Brooks version[edit]
In 1982 Elkie Brooks had a Top 20 UK hit with her remake of "Fool If You Think It's Over" - so titled - which like the Chris Rea original was produced by Gus Dudgeon and recorded at the Mill. Brooks' version was one of eight tracks recorded with Dudgeon in 1980 for her 1981 twelve-track album release Pearls which also included four of Brooks' previous hit singles: Brooks (quote) - "Most of [Pearl's new] material had been chosen by [A&M exec] Derek Green or Gus Dudgeon. I had insisted that we did [sic] 'Fool...'. Chris Rea has always been one of my favourite musicians and writers and I thought the song was pure class." [23]
Brooks' version of "Fool..." was issued as a single in December 1981 when Pearls issued the previous month was in the Top Ten of the UK album chart - three advance singles had been issued off the album since July 1980 without charting - with "Fool..." rising to a #17 peak on the UK chart dated 27 February 1982 assisted by two TOTP performances by Brooks one of which was re-run. (After taping her 11 February 1982 TOTP performance of "Fool...", Brooks was approached backstage by a fan asking for her autograph who Brooks soon intuited was in fact Chris Rea incognito.) [23] In Ireland "Fool..." became Brooks' highest-charting single with a #6 chart peak.[24]
In a 2014 pre-concert interview Brooks, when asked what "big numbers" she looked forward to singing, replied: "I still really like 'Don't Cry Out Loud', 'Sunshine After the Rain' and of course 'Fool If You Think It’s Over': that is a terrific song." [25]
"Fool If You Think It's Over" by Elkie Brooks was the first track played on Radio Caroline when the station resumed broadcasting at 10 am 20 August 1983 after a down period of 41 months.[3]
Other versions[edit]
Thomas Anders remade "Fool (If You Think It's Over)" for his 1989 album release Different, said version being the third produced by Gus Dudgeon. The song has also been recorded by Dave (as "Le palmier du pauvre" French, 1978), Kirka (as "Luulitko kaiken menneen" Finnish, 1979), Greger (fi) (as "Luulitko kaiken menneen" Finnish - album Greger, 1980) and Paul Nicholas (album Just Good Friends, 1986). The song served as the theme to the 1990s British sitcom Joking Apart. Kenny Craddock arranged and performed this version.[26]
See also[edit]
List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1978 (U.S.)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Fletcher, Rebecca (28 September 2002). "Interview: Chris Rea - MY ROAD FROM HELL; How a near-death experience made singer Chris Rea realise what he really wanted out of life". Daily Mirror. TheFreeLibrary.com. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bee Gees Head Lists For 6 Grammy Awards". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. The News-Journal Corporation. 9 January 1979. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Fool If you Think It's Over (Chris Rea)". JonKutner.com. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
Jump up ^ http://www.guitar-bass.net/features/chris-rea/
Jump up ^ "How I got started... Chris Rea". The Guitar Magazine. 18 March 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
Jump up ^ http://teamrock.com/feature/2015-12-01/chris-rea-straight-shooter
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1996). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits (6th ed.). Billboard Publications.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Chris Rea > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles". AllMusic. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
Jump up ^ Hyatt, Wesley (1999). The Billboard Book of #1 Adult Contemporary Hits. Billboard Publications.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chart Stats - Chris Rea - Fool (If You Think It's Over)". Retrieved 17 December 2009.
Jump up ^ Henry Stancu (2015-12-22). "Christmas Drive: Festive tune for the road home | Toronto Star". Thestar.com. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ Wayne Jancik (1998). The Billboard Book of One-hit Wonders. Billboard Books. p. 380. ISBN 978-0-8230-7622-2.
^ Jump up to: a b Steffen Hung. "Forum - 1970 (ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts)". Australian-charts.com. Archived from the original on 2016-06-02. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
Jump up ^ "Chris Rea - Fool (If You Think It's Over)". Charts.org.nz. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "RPM Volume 29 No. 26, September 23, 1978 - RPM". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Item Display - RPM - Library and Archives Canada". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
Jump up ^ "RPM Volume 29 No. 25, September 16, 1978 - RPM". Collectionscanada.gc.ca. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1978/Top 100 Songs of 1978". Musicoutfitters.com. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 - Week 40, 1978". Top40.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 17 December 2009.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box Top 100 9/16/78". 50.6.195.142. 1978-09-16. Archived from the original on 2015-01-18. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
Jump up ^ "Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1978". 50.6.195.142. 1978-12-30. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-11-03.
Jump up ^ Billboard volume 90 #51 (23 December 1978) p.110
^ Jump up to: a b Brooks, Elkie (2012). Finding My Voice: my autobiography. London: Robson Press. ISBN 978-1-8495-4299-9.
Jump up ^ "Chart Stats - Elkie Brooks - Fool If You Think It's Over". Retrieved 17 December 2009.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Jo (2014-12-17). "'British Queen of Blues' Elkie Brooks is coming to the Britannia Theatre, Chatham". Kentonline.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-10-13.
Jump up ^ "Joking Apart: The Composers". Retrieved 17 December 2009.
External links[edit]
Song review by Mike DeGagne at Allmusic
List of cover versions of "Fool (If You Think It's Over)"
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National Theater of the United States of America
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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National Theater of the United States of America is a theatre company in New York City. The theatre has no connection with the American government, the name is intended to be humorous.
The troupe, founded in 2000, has been lauded by Gothamist as a "mischievous gang of innovators (that) represents some of the best attributes of downtown "experimental" theatre".[1] The New York Times praised the troupe of having "stealthily become one of the most exciting and eccentric young theatre companies in town".[2]
External links[edit]
ntusa.org
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://gothamist.com/2009/03/01/opinionist_chautauqua.php
Jump up ^ Ada Calhoun (January 1, 2006). "Seven Characters Not in Search of a Director". The New York Times.

This theatre-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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text:
Skeleton key
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is the current revision of this page, as edited by 99.204.145.152 (talk) at 11:14, 20 August 2017 ("misapplied" is an opinion, not a fact). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this version.
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For other uses, see Skeleton Key (disambiguation).
A padlock skeleton key that can open any lock with this keyhole (right), compared to a normal key that can open only the lock for which it was made (left).
A skeleton key (also known as a passkey) is a type of master key in which the serrated edge has been filed down so that it can open numerous locks,[1] most commonly the warded lock. The term derives from the fact that the key has been reduced to its essential parts.[1]
In a broader sense the term can be used synonymously with master key to refer to any key, keycard or other device capable of opening a variety of locks.
In U.S. English, "skeleton key" can often refer to any lever lock key or antique key.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Master keys
2 Lever lock keys
3 See also
4 References
Master keys[edit]
A skeleton key is a key that has been filed or cut to create a master that can be used to unlock a variety of warded locks each with a different configuration of wards. This can usually be done by removing most of the centre of the key, allowing it to pass by the wards without interference, operating the lock. To counteract the illicit creation of such keys, locksmiths can put wards not just in the centre but on the outside as well, making the creation of a skeleton key more difficult.
Lever lock skeleton keys are used in a lock with usually three or five levers and a set of wards that come into contact with the bit of the key only on the sides – the top is for pushing the levers to their correct heights while the warded section of the key just has to pass uninterrupted to allow the key to rotate fully. A master key system of lever locks has the same lever heights in all locks. Each door will have different wards and can only be opened by the correctly warded key or the master key. A skeleton key has the warded section of the key removed so that it opens all the doors of a system. Some applications, such as a building with multiple entrance doors, have numerous locks that are keyed alike; one key will open every door. A keyed-alike system is different to a master key system as none of the locks have a key that can open only that lock.
Skeleton keys have often been associated with attempts to defeat locks for illicit purposes, to release handcuffs for example, and standard keys have been filed down for that purpose. Legitimate skeleton or master keys are used in many modern contexts where lock operation is required and the original key has been lost or is not available. In hotels without electronic locks, skeleton keys are used by housekeeping services to enter the rooms.
Lever lock keys[edit]
A lever lock key.
These keys were common in both cabinetry and door locks in early Colonial America and remained in common usage within the United States through the 1940s, giving way after World War II to the pin tumbler lock. Most keys of this type and their locks were formed of brass, although pewter was sometimes used. They were commonly available at hardware and other stores. Today, lever lock keys are associated with fine cabinetry.
See also[edit]
Bump key, a similar universal key / pick used on pin-tumbler locks.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Collins English Dictionary (10th ed.). Glasgow: Collins. 2009. ISBN 978-0-00-729846-4.
Jump up ^ For example, a leading U.S. dealer in reproduction hardware defines it so: "Also called a bit key, a skeleton key is an old style key which operates a mortise or rim lock." "Hardware Glossary". House of Antique Hardware. Retrieved 14 January 2017.
[hide]
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Locksmithing & lock picking
Topics
Electric strike
Key control
Key relevance
Lock bumping
Lock picking
Lockout-tagout
Maison key system
Rekeying
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Skeleton key
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Mechanical locks
Bored cylindrical lock
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Cylinder lock
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Key retainer
Lever tumbler lock (Chubb detector lock)
Magnetic-coded lock
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Mortise lock
Padlock
Combination lock
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Time-delay combination locks
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Protector lock
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Electronic locks
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Electronic lock
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Magnetic-coded lock
Keycard lock
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Specific lock types
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Luggage lock
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The Club
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Tools
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Related
Bolt cutter
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Category:Locksmithing
Keys
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skeleton_key&oldid=796371173"
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