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Electrical conduction system of the heart
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Electrical conduction system of the heart
Heart; conduction system. 1. SA node. 2. AV node. 3. Bundle of His. 8. Septum
Details
Identifiers
Latin
systema conducens cordis
TA
A12.1.06.002
FMA
9476
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
The electrical conduction system of the heart transmits signals generated usually by the sinoatrial node to cause contraction of the heart muscle. The pacemaking signal generated in the sinoatrial node travels through the right atrium to the atrioventricular node, along the Bundle of His and through bundle branches to cause contraction of the heart muscle. This signal stimulates contraction first of the right and left atrium, and then the right and left ventricles. This process allows blood to be pumped throughout the body.
The conduction system consists of specialised heart muscle cells, and is situated within the myocardium. There is a skeleton of fibrous tissue that surrounds the conduction system which can be seen on an ECG. Dysfunction of the conduction system can cause irregular, fast, or slow heart rhythms.
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
1.1 Development
2 Function
2.1 Action potential generation
2.2 Requirements for effective pumping
3 ECG
3.1 SA node: P wave
3.2 AV node and bundles: PR interval
3.3 Purkinje fibers/ventricular myocardium: QRS complex
3.4 Ventricular repolarization
4 Clinical significance
4.1 Arrhythmia
4.1.1 Speed
4.1.2 Physiological
4.2 Pacemakers
5 See also
6 References
Structure[edit]
Overview of the system of electrical conduction which maintains the rhythmical contraction of the heart
Electrical signals arising in the SA node (located in the right atrium) stimulate the atria to contract and travel to the atrioventricular node (AV node), which is located in the interatrial septum. After a delay, the stimulus diverges and is conducted through the left and right bundle of His to the respective Purkinje fibers for each side of the heart, as well as to the endocardium at the apex of the heart, then finally to the ventricular epicardium.[1]
On the microscopic level, the wave of depolarization propagates to adjacent cells via gap junctions located on the intercalated disc. The heart is a functional syncytium (not to be confused with a true "syncytium" in which all the cells are fused together, sharing the same plasma membrane as in skeletal muscle). In a functional syncytium, electrical impulses propagate freely between cells in every direction, so that the myocardium functions as a single contractile unit. This property allows rapid, synchronous depolarization of the myocardium. While advantageous under normal circumstances, this property can be detrimental, as it has potential to allow the propagation of incorrect electrical signals. These gap junctions can close to isolate damaged or dying tissue, as in a myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Development[edit]
Embryologic evidence of generation of the cardiac conduction system illuminates the respective roles of this specialized set of cells. Innervation of the heart begins with a brain only centered parasympathetic cholinergic first order. It is then followed by rapid growth of a second order sympathetic adrenergic system arising from the formation of the thoracic spinal ganglia. The third order of electrical influence of the heart is derived from the vagus nerve as the other peripheral organs form.[2]
Function[edit]
Action potential generation[edit]
Main article: Cardiac action potential
Cardiac muscle has some similarities to neurons and skeletal muscle, as well as important unique properties. Like a neuron, a given myocardial cell has a negative membrane potential when at rest. Stimulation above a threshold value induces the opening of voltage-gated ion channels and a flood of cations into the cell. The positively charged ions entering the cell cause the depolarization characteristic of an action potential. Like skeletal muscle, depolarization causes the opening of voltage-gated calcium channels and release of Ca2+ from the t-tubules. This influx of calcium causes calcium-induced calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and free Ca2+ causes muscle contraction. After a delay, potassium channels reopen, and the resulting flow of K+ out of the cell causes repolarization to the resting state.[3][4]
There are important physiological differences between nodal cells and ventricular cells; the specific differences in ion channels and mechanisms of polarization give rise to unique properties of SA node cells, most important, the spontaneous depolarizations necessary for the SA node's pacemaker activity.
Requirements for effective pumping[edit]
In order to maximize efficiency of contractions and cardiac output, the conduction system of the heart has:
Substantial atrial to ventricular delay. This will allow the atria to completely empty their contents into the ventricles; simultaneous contraction would cause inefficient filling and backflow. The atria are electrically isolated from the ventricles, connected only via the AV node which briefly delays the signal.
Coordinated contraction of ventricular cells. The ventricles must maximize systolic pressure to force blood through the circulation, so all the ventricular cells must work together.
Ventricular contraction begins at the apex of the heart, progressing upwards to eject blood into the great arteries. Contraction that squeezes blood towards the exit is more efficient than a simple squeeze from all directions. Although the ventricular stimulus originates from the AV node in the wall separating the atria and ventricles, the Bundle of His conducts the signal to the apex.
Depolarization propagates through cardiac muscle very rapidly. Cells of the ventricles contract nearly simultaneously.
The action potentials of cardiac muscle are unusually sustained. This prevents premature relaxation, maintaining initial contraction until the entire myocardium has had time to depolarize and contract.
Absence of tetany. After contracting, the heart must relax to fill up again. Sustained contraction of the heart without relaxation would be fatal, and this is prevented by a temporary inactivation of certain ion channels.
ECG[edit]
See also: Electrocardiogram
The ECG complex. P=P wave, PR=PR interval, QRS=QRS complex, QT=QT interval, ST=ST segment, T=T wave
Principle of ECG formation. Note that the red lines represent the depolarization wave, not bloodflow.
An electrocardiogram is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart.
SA node: P wave[edit]
Under normal conditions, electrical activity is spontaneously generated by the SA node, the cardiac pacemaker. This electrical impulse is propagated throughout the right atrium, and through Bachmann's bundle to the left atrium, stimulating the myocardium of the atria to contract. The conduction of the electrical impulses throughout the atria is seen on the ECG as the P wave.[3][5]
As the electrical activity is spreading throughout the atria, it travels via specialized pathways, known as internodal tracts, from the SA node to the AV node.
AV node and bundles: PR interval[edit]
The AV node functions as a critical delay in the conduction system. Without this delay, the atria and ventricles would contract at the same time, and blood wouldn't flow effectively from the atria to the ventricles. The delay in the AV node forms much of the PR segment on the ECG, and part of atrial repolarization can be represented by PR segment.
The distal portion of the AV node is known as the bundle of His.[6] The bundle of His splits into two branches in the interventricular septum: the left bundle branch and the right bundle branch. The left bundle branch activates the left ventricle, while the right bundle branch activates the right ventricle.
The left bundle branch is short, splitting into the left anterior fascicle and the left posterior fascicle. The left posterior fascicle is relatively short and broad, with dual blood supply, making it particularly resistant to ischemic damage. The left posterior fascicle transmits impulses to the papillary muscles, leading to mitral valve closure. As the left posterior fascicle is shorter and broader than the right, impulses reach the papillary muscles just prior to depolarization, and therefore contraction, of the left ventricle myocardium. This allows pre-tensioning of the chordae tendinae, increasing the resistance to flow through the mitral valve during left ventricular contraction.[3] This mechanism works in the same manner as pre-tensioning of car seatbelts.
Purkinje fibers/ventricular myocardium: QRS complex[edit]
The two bundle branches taper out to produce numerous Purkinje fibers, which stimulate individual groups of myocardial cells to contract.[3]
The spread of electrical activity through the ventricular myocardium produces the QRS complex on the ECG.
Atrial repolarization occurs and is masked during the QRS complex by ventricular depolarization on the ECG.
Ventricular repolarization[edit]
The last event of the cycle is the repolarization of the ventricles. It is the restoring of the resting state. In the ECG, repolarization includes the J point, ST-segment, and T- and U-waves.[7]
The transthoracically measured PQRS portion of an electrocardiogram is chiefly influenced by the sympathetic nervous system. The T (and occasionally U) waves are chiefly influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system guided by integrated brainstem control from the vagus nerve and the thoracic spinal accessory ganglia.
An impulse (action potential) that originates from the SA node at a relative rate of 60 - 100bpm is known as normal sinus rhythm. If SA nodal impulses occur at a rate less than 60bpm, the heart rhythm is known as sinus bradycardia. If SA nodal impulses occur at a rate exceeding 100bpm, the consequent rapid heart rate is sinus tachycardia. These conditions are not necessarily bad symptoms, however. Trained athletes, for example, usually show heart rates slower than 60bpm when not exercising. If the SA node fails to initialize, the AV junction can take over as the main pacemaker of the heart. The AV junction consists of the AV node, the bundle of His and the surrounding area; it has a regular rate of 40 to 60bpm. These "junctional" rhythms are characterized by a missing or inverted P-Wave. If both the SA node and the AV junction fail to initialize the electrical impulse, the ventricles can fire the electrical impulses themselves at a rate of 20 to 40bpm and will have a QRS complex of greater than 120 ms. This is necessary for the heart to be in good function.
Clinical significance[edit]
Arrhythmia[edit]
Main article: Cardiac arrhythmia
An 'arrhythmia' refers to an abnormal rhythm or speed of rhythm of the heartbeat. An abnormal rhythm or speed is defined as one which is not physiological.
Speed[edit]
Main articles: Bradycardia and Tachycardia
A resting heart that beats slower than 60 beats per minute, or faster than 100 beats per minute, is regarded as having an arrhythmia. A heartbeat slower than 60 beats per minute is known as bradycardia, and a heartbeat faster than 100 is known as a tachycardia.
Physiological[edit]
Some individuals, for example trained athletes, may have heart beats slower than 60 beats per minute when not exercising. If the SA node fails to initialize, the AV junction can take over as the main pacemaker of the heart. The AV junction "surrounds" the AV node (the AV node is not able to initialize its own impulses) and has a regular rate of 40 to 60 bpm. These "junctional" rhythms are characterized by a missing or inverted P-Wave. If both the SA node and the AV junction fail to initialize the electrical impulse, the ventricles can fire the electrical impulses themselves at a rate of 20 to 40 bpm and will have a QRS complex of greater than 120 ms.
Pacemakers[edit]
Main article: Artificial cardiac pacemaker
In the event of arrhythmia, a pacemaker may be surgically inserted into the conduction system.
See also[edit]
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Your Heart's Electrical System". National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. National Institutes of Health. November 17, 2011. Retrieved January 1, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Innervation of the heart". Human Embryology: Organogenesis: Functional development of the heart.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity". OpenStax CNX: Anatomy & Physiology. OpenStax CNX. November 7, 2014. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cardiac Muscle Fibers". ZY 560 Mammalian Physiology. Auburn University. Archived from the original on June 1, 2005. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Cardiac Cycle". ECG Tutorial. University of Michigan Health System. Retrieved January 2, 2015.
Jump up ^ Anderson, Robert H.; Mori, Shumpei (2016). "Wilhelm His Junior and his bundle". Journal of Electrocardiology. doi:10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2016.06.003. ISSN 0022-0736.
Jump up ^ Kowey, P., Yan, Gan-Xin. "Ventricular repolarization components on the electrocardiogram". Retrieved 2013-03-08.
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Transport in Darjeeling
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Transport in Darjeeling consists of the intra-city transport and the communication between the city and other locations in Darjeeling district. Darjeeling ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a hill station in the Indian state of West Bengal and it is the headquarters of Darjeeling district situated in the Mahabharat Range (or Lesser Himalaya) at an average elevation of 2,134 m above sea level.
Contents
[hide]
1 Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
2 Road transport
3 Airway
4 Railway
5 Intra-city transport
6 Ropeway
7 Notes
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway[edit]
Himalayan Bird at Ghum railway station
The "Toy Train" approaching Darjeeling
Darjeeling trainstation.
A hawker at Darjeeling train station
The town of Darjeeling can be reached by the 80-kilometre long Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, nicknamed the "Toy Train", from Siliguri. It is a 60-centimetre (2-foot) narrow-gauge railway run by the Indian Railways.
Established in 1881, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999, only the second railway after the Semmering Railway in Austria to have this honour.[1] The toy train leaves from Siliguri, a station located a few kilometres from New Jalpaiguri, and takes about 8 hours to reach Darjeeling through the meandering mountain railway line. The elevation level is from about 100 m in Siliguri to about 2200 m in Darjeeling. It is till to this day powered by a steam engine. A modern diesel engine is used for Darjeeling’s mail. The railway has long been viewed with affection and enthusiasm by travellers to the region, and the Earl of Ronaldshay gave the following description of a journey in the early 1920s:
"Siliguri is palpably a place of meeting.[.....] The discovery that here the metre gauge system ends and the two foot gauge of the Darjeeling-Himalayan railway begins, confirms what all these things hint at.[....]One steps into a railway carriage which might easily be mistaken for a toy, and the whimsical idea seizes hold of one that one has accidentally stumbled into Lilliput. With a noisy fuss out of all proportion to its size the engine gives a jerk - and starts.[....] No special mechanical device such as a rack is employed - unless, indeed, one can so describe the squat and stolid hill-man who sits perched over the forward buffers of the engine and scatters sand on the rails when the wheels of the engine lose their grip of the metals and race, with the noise of a giant spring running down when the control has been removed. Sometimes we cross our own track after completing the circuit of a cone, at others we zigzag backwards and forwards; but always we climb at a steady gradient - so steady that if one embarks in a trolley at Ghum, the highest point on the line, the initial push supplies all the energy necessary to carry one to the bottom."[2]
The trip up to Darjeeling on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway has changed little since that time, and continues to delight travellers and rail enthusiasts, so much so that it has its own preservation and support group, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway Society.
The Operation of Darjeeling Himalayan Railways between Siliguri and Kurseong was temporarily suspended following a Landslide at Tindharia between 2010 and 2015.[3]
Road transport[edit]
The Hill Cart Road (National Highway 55) connects Darjeeling with Siliguri. There is another road connecting the two towns via Mirik. There are two different shortcut routes off the Hill Cart Road that go through Pankhabari and Rohini, respectively. Four wheel drives are the most popular means of transport, as they can easily navigate the steep slopes in the region. Many vintage Land Rovers ply in the route. Also Maruti Omni and several SUVs are common. The road and toy train communication often get disrupted during the monsoons season due to landslides.
Airway[edit]
Darjeeling does not have an airstrip. The nearest airport is Bagdogra airport (IXB), near Siliguri, which is a 3-hour (approx. 90 km) drive from Darjeeling. Air India, Jet Airways, GoAir, IndiGo and SpiceJet fly to Bagdogra.
Railway[edit]
New Jalpaiguri, serving the town of Siliguri, is the nearest major railway station. New Jalpaiguri is well connected to major Indian cities, especially Kolkata.
Intra-city transport[edit]
Intra-city transport is mostly by hired taxis. However, walking remains the most widely used method for travelling in this hilly town. Two-wheelers are also popularly used by the residents.
Ropeway[edit]
The 8 km (5 mi) long Darjeeling Ropeway connecting Darjeeling’s North Point with Singla, which was started in 1968, was closed after an accident in 2003.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Mountain Railways of India". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2006-04-30.
Jump up ^ The Earl of Ronaldshay Lands of the Thunderbolt. Sikhim, Chumbi and Bhutan (London: Constable & Company) 1923 pp10-12
Jump up ^ "Historic Toy Train of Darjeeling to start rolling again". Retrieved 1 October 2013.
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text:
Brad William Henke
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Brad William Henke
No. 68
Position:
Defensive End
Personal information
Born:
(1966-04-10) April 10, 1966 (age 52)[1]
Columbus, Nebraska
Height:
6 ft 4[2] in (1.93 m)
Weight:
275 lb (125 kg)
Career information
High school:
Littleton (CO) Heritage
College:
Arizona
NFL Draft:
1989 / Round: 4 / Pick: 105
Career history
Denver Broncos (1989)
Fort Worth Cavalry (1994)
Career NFL statistics
Player stats at NFL.com
Player stats at ArenaFan.com
Brad William Henke (born April 10, 1966) is an American actor and former National Football League and Arena Football League player. He is best known for his role as prison guard Desi Piscatella on Orange Is The New Black, for which he won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series in 2016.[3]
Contents
1 Early life and education
2 Football career
3 Acting career
4 Personal life
5 Filmography
5.1 Film
5.2 Television
6 References
7 External links
Early life and education[edit]
Henke was born in Columbus, Nebraska. He attended the University of Arizona and played football as a defensive lineman.
Football career[edit]
Henke was drafted by the New York Giants in the 1989 NFL Draft but got cut. He was picked up by the Denver Broncos, and he played in Super Bowl XXIV against the San Francisco 49ers. Repeated injuries, which required six ankle surgeries, led to his retirement from professional football in 1994.[4]
Year
Team
Number
Position
1989 Denver Broncos 68 Defensive Linemen
1994 Fort Worth Cavalry 96 Defensive Linemen
Acting career[edit]
Henke began acting in 1994, starting with commercials.[4] He appeared in October Road, Around June, The Amateurs, World Trade Center, In the Valley of Elah, Choke, Sherrybaby, Must Love Dogs and Fury.[4][5]
His television career includes roles in ARLI$$, ER, Dexter, Lost, Justified, The Office (American version), Orange Is The New Black, Sneaky Pete & MacGyver (2016).[4][6].
Henke's breakout role has been on Orange Is The New Black as Desi Piscatella, a gay corrections officer at Litchfield Federal Penitentiary. He joined OITNB in the fourth season.[5] He was part of the cast that won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series for 2016.[7][8]
Personal life[edit]
Henke was married to actress Katelin Chesna from 2001 to 2008.[9][10] Henke was engaged to actress Anastacia Spiegel from 1998 - 2000.
Filmography[edit]
Film[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1996 Mr. Wrong Bob
1996 Space Jam Stars Catcher
1996 The Fan Tjader
2003 Love Object Dotson credited as Brad Henke
2005 Must Love Dogs Leo
2005 North Country Mr. Lattavansky
2005 Me and You and Everyone We Know Andrew
2006 Sherrybaby Bobby Swanson
2006 World Trade Center Allison's brother
2006 Hollywoodland Russ Taylor
2006 Altered Duke
2008 Choke Denny
2008 Around June Henry
2010 The Space Between Will
2011 The Trouble with Bliss Steven 'Jetski' Jouseski also known as East Fifth Bliss
2011 Magic Valley Jerry Garabrant
2012 I Am Not a Hipster Bradley Haines
2012 Struck by Lightning Principal Gifford
2013 Jobs Paul Terrell
2013 Pacific Rim Construction foreman
2013 The Frozen Ground Carl Galenski
2014 Draft Day Tony 'Bagel' Bagli
2014 Fury Sgt. Davis credited as Brad Henke
2015 Pure Love Detective Dillard
2016 The Tank Dane Hankeard
2016 Pee Wee's Big Holiday Grizzly Bear Daniels
2016 Split Uncle John
2017 Bright Dorghu
2018 Inherit the Viper Tedd Wallace In post-production
2018 Cold Brook Chip In post-production
2019 The Translation of Wounds In post-production
Television[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
1998 Sports Night Christian Patrick Episode: "Mary Pat Shelby"
2000-2001 Going to California Henry "Hank" Ungalow 20 episodes
2006 Dexter Tony Tucci 4 episodes
2007 Cold Case Mike Chulaski Episode: "Cargo"
2008 Law & Order Ted Sanderson Episode: "Strike"
2007/2008 October Road Owen Dennis Rowan 19 Episodes
2009–10 Lost Bram 6 episodes
2011 Criminal Minds Steve Episode: "Sense Memory"
2011 Shameless Hal Hollander Episode: "Daddyz Girl"
2011 Justified Coover Bennett 9 episodes
2011 Grimm Hap Lasser Episode: "The Three Bad Wolves"
2012 Bones Melvin Carville Episode: "The Bod in the Pod"
2013 The Office Frank Episode: "Vandalism"
2013 Longmire Sal Vayas Episode: "Death Came In Like Thunder"
2015 Uncle (TV series) Background Singer Episode: " I'm Back"
2016–18 Orange Is The New Black Desi Piscatella 26 episodes
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series
2017 Sneaky Pete Brendon 6 episodes
2018 MacGyver (2016) Jonah Walsch Season 02 Episode 23 "MacGyver + MacGyver"
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Brad Henke". NFL.com.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (October 19, 2016). "'Orange Is the New Black' Actor Brad William Henke Joins Will Smith in 'Bright' (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Holmes, Jonathan (October 19, 2016). "Orange Is the New Black actor joins Will Smith's Netflix movie". Radio Times. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Petruska, Dave (January 24, 1998). "Ex-Wildcat Brad Henke tackles whole new career as an actor". Tucson Citizen. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Herman, James Patrick (July 29, 2016). "OITNB's Brad William Henke Talks Openly Gay 'Papa Bear' Piscatella (Exclusive)". Out Magazine. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Petski, Denise (February 22, 2017). "Brad William Henke Joins CBS' Jenny Lumet Drama Pilot; Emayatzy Corinealdi In 'The Get'". Deadline. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Screen Actors Guild Awards 2017: Orange Is the New Black Wins Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series". People. January 30, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'OITNB' Cast After SAG Win: 'What Unites Us Is Stronger Than What Divides Us'". Entertainment Weekly. January 30, 2017. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Actor Brad William Henke's been busy adding to his family and resume". People. September 27, 2006. Retrieved April 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Simone's Airbrush Tanning's Bodybuilder Spray Tan Helps Female Bodybuilder Katelin Chesna Prepare for Her Competition". PRWeb. March 9, 2014. Retrieved April 25, 2017.
External links[edit]
Brad William Henke on IMDb
Brad William Henke on Twitter
show
v
t
e
New York Giants 1989 NFL draft selections
Brian Williams
Bob Kratch
Greg Jackson
Lewis Tillman
Brad Henke
Dave Meggett
Howard Cross
Dave Popp
Myron Guyton
A. J. Greene
Rodney Lowe
Jerome Rinehart
Eric Smith
show
v
t
e
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series (2010–2019)
Modern Family, season 1/season 2 (2010): Bowen, Burrell, Ferguson, Gould, Hyland, O'Neill, Rodriguez, Stonestreet, Vergara, Winter
Modern Family, season 2/season 3 (2011): Anderson-Emmons, Bowen, Burrell, Ferguson, Gould, Hyland, O'Neill, Rodriguez, Stonestreet, Vergara, Winter
Modern Family, season 3/season 4 (2012): Anderson-Emmons, Bowen, Burrell, Ferguson, Gould, Hyland, O'Neill, Rodriguez, Stonestreet, Vergara, Winter
Modern Family, season 4/season 5 (2013): Anderson-Emmons, Bowen, Burrell, Ferguson, Gould, Hyland, O'Neill, Rodriguez, Stonestreet, Vergara, Winter
Orange Is the New Black, season 2 (2014): Aduba, Biggs, Brooks, Cox, Cruz, Curtin, DeLaria, Fowler, Freeman, Gardner, Glenn, Golden, Guerrero, Harney, Jeudy, Lake, Lapkus, Leyva, Lyonne, Manning, Marsh Garland, McGorry, Moore, Mulgrew, Myles, Pimentel, Polanco, Reiner, Roberts, Rodriguez, Rosenblat, Sandow, Savage, Schilling, Shulman, Soules, Stone, Toussaint, Tucci, Wiley
Orange Is the New Black, season 3 (2015): Aduba, Birbiglia, Blake, Brooks, Cox, Cruz, Curtin, DeLaria, Fowler, Glenn, Golden, Guerrero, Harney, Jeudy, Leyva, Manning, Marsh Garland, Moore, Mulgrew, Myles, Peters, Petty, Pimentel, Polanco, Prepon, Rodriguez, Rose, Sandow, Savage, Schilling, Shulman, Soules, Stone, Wiley
Orange Is the New Black, season 4 (2016): Aduba, Aisenberg, Brooks, Brown, Cruz, DeLaria, Dover, Glenn, Golden, Gómez, Guerrero, Harney, Henke, Jeudy, Lake, Leyva, Lyonne, Manning, McMenamin, Moore, Mulgrew, Myles, Peters, Petty, Pimentel, Polanco, Prepon, Purdy, Rodriguez, Sandow, Savage, Schilling, Shulman, Soules, Stone, Tucci, Wiley
Veep, season 6 (2017): Bakkedahl, Chlumsky, Cole, Colin, Dunn, DuVall, Franklin, Hale, Louis-Dreyfus, Richardson, Scheer, Scott, Simons, Sutherland, Walsh
Complete list
(1994–1999)
(2000–2009)
(2010–2019)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
BNE: XX4419366
ISNI: 0000 0001 1457 9621
LCCN: no2007059240
VIAF: 162385247
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brad_William_Henke&oldid=855927519"
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Hong Kong Phooey
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Hong Kong Fuey" redirects here. For the snooker player with this nickname, see Marco Fu.
Hong Kong Phooey
Genre
Animation
Directed by
Charles A. Nichols
Wally Burr (recording director)
Voices of
Scatman Crothers
Richard Dawson
Kathy Gori
Don Messick
Joe E. Ross
Theme music composer
Hoyt Curtin
Composer(s)
Hoyt Curtin
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of episodes
90
Production
Executive producer(s)
William Hanna
Joseph Barbera
Producer(s)
Iwao Takamoto (creative producer)
Running time
30 minutes (approximately)
Production company(s)
Hanna-Barbera Productions
Distributor
Taft Broadcasting (1974–1979)
Worldvision Enterprises (1979–1991)
Turner Program Services (1991–1996)
Warner Bros. Television Distribution (1996–present)
Release
Original network
ABC
Original release
September 7, 1959 (1959-09-07) – December 21, 2004 (2004-12-21)
Hong Kong Phooey was a 30-minute Saturday morning animated series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions and broadcast on ABC from September 7, 1974 (1974-09-07), to December 21, 1974 (1974-12-21). It was a parody of kung fu shows and movies of the time. The main character, Hong Kong Phooey himself, is the clownishly clumsy secret identity of Penrod "Penry" Pooch, working at a police station as a "mild-mannered" janitor under the glare of Sergeant Flint ("Sarge").
Penry disguises himself as Hong Kong Phooey by jumping into a filing cabinet despite always getting stuck – and unstuck by his striped cat Spot – and once disguised, gets equipped with the "Phooeymobile" vehicle that transforms itself into a boat, a plane, or a telephone booth depending on the circumstances by banging his gong or changes automatically whenever necessary.
He fights crime relying on his copy of The Hong Kong Book of Kung Fu,[1] a correspondence-course martial-arts instruction handbook. However, his successes are only either thanks to Spot, who provides a solution to the challenges, or the direct result of a comically unintended side effect of his conscious efforts. The humor of incompetence of the Hong Kong Phooey is a recurring theme of each episode, and is not unlike the recurring theme in Klondike Kat, whose successes are only thanks to unintended circumstances, not his own skills as a Royal Canadian Mounted Police officer. The background was designed by Lorraine Andrina and Richard Khim.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Production
3 Theme song
4 Episode guide
5 Home media releases
6 Voices
6.1 Additional voices
7 Other media
7.1 Film
7.2 Music
7.3 Literature
7.4 Art
7.5 Comics
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Synopsis[edit]
Mosaic in Hong Kong by Invader
Each episode begins with Rosemary, the telephone operator, getting a call (and routinely saying "Hallo, hallo, police headquarters, this is Rosemary, the lovely lassie with the classy chassis") and explaining the crime to Sergeant Flint. Penry, the janitor, overhears Rosemary and proceeds to transform himself into the crime-fighting canine (whom Rosemary has a crush on) by slipping behind the vending machine, then jumping into the bottom drawer of his filing cabinet, getting stuck, and, with help from Spot, coming out of the top drawer.
After sliding behind an ironing board to the floor below, he bounces off an old sofa, through an open window, into a dumpster outside, and emerges in the Phooeymobile. Even when he crashes into, harms, or otherwise inconveniences a civilian, the passer-by feels honored, as opposed to being annoyed or embarrassed, when they see who did it. One example was when he drove the Phooeymobile through wet cement, splattering the workers: they responded that it was an honor to have a whole day's work ruined by "the great Hong Kong Phooey."
Production[edit]
Hong Kong Phooey was voiced by Scatman Crothers. Sergeant Flint was voiced by Joe E. Ross, best known as Officer Gunther Toody in the early '60s television series Car 54, Where Are You? As Flint, Ross revived Toody's famous "Ooh! Ooh!" exclamation.
The final episode, "Comedy Cowboys," was a backdoor pilot for a new series. In this two-part episode, several new cartoon characters (Honcho, The Mystery Maverick and Posse Impossible) appeared and helped to clear Hong Kong Phooey of a crime he did not commit. These characters later appeared in their own continuing segment, "Posse Impossible" on CB Bears. Like many animated series created by Hanna-Barbera in the 1970s, the show used the limited Hanna-Barbera laugh track.
Theme song[edit]
The show’s theme song, titled "Hong Kong Phooey," was written and composed by Hoyt Curtin, William Hanna, and Joseph Barbera, and was sung by lead character-voice provider Scatman Crothers. A cover of the show’s theme song, performed by Sublime, is included on the 1995 tribute album Saturday Morning: Cartoons' Greatest Hits, produced by Ralph Sall for MCA Records.
Episode guide[edit]
Nº
Title(s)
Air date
HKP-1
"Car Thieves / Zoo Story" 7 September 1974 (1974-09-07)
Car Thieves: A stolen car ring is operating in town, and it's up to Hong Kong Phooey to break through the ring's sneaky secrets and stop them in their fiendish tracks.
Zoo Story: A kangaroo helps Phooey capture a gang of animal thieves.
HKP-2
"Iron Head the Robot / Cotton Pickin' Pocket Picker" 14 September 1974 (1974-09-14)
Iron Head the Robot: When a crook commands his robot to steal every safe in town, Hong Kong Phooey gives chase — resulting in a showdown in the crook's gym.
Cotton Pickin' Pocket Picker: Phooey is sent to capture legendary pickpocket Fingers Fazoo.
HKP-3
"Grandma Goody (Cat Burglar) / Candle Power" 21 September 1974 (1974-09-21)
Grandma Goody (Cat Burglar): This time cats are being stolen all over town, including Spot — and Grandma Goody is not what she seems, as Hong Kong Phooey finds out in a bubble-filled climax.
Candle Power: Two villainous criminals force the city to use candles so that they can build their very own wax museum.
HKP-4
"The Penthouse Burglaries / Batty Bank Mob" 28 September 1974 (1974-09-28)
The Penthouse Burglaries: Phooey is called to investigate a number of robberies from penthouse apartments.
Batty Bank Mob: Phooey enlists the help of Spot and a friendly octopus to stop a bank robbery.
HKP-5
"The Voltage Villain / The Giggler" 5 October 1974 (1974-10-05)
The Voltage Villain: Phooey is called to investigate a villain who can control electrical appliances.
The Giggler: A crazed clown-like criminal uses laughing gas to rob the senses of the guests attending high-society parties of an important mayor and Phooey must defeat the deranged lunatic before everyone dies laughing.
HKP-6
"The Gumdrop Kid / Professor Presto (The Malevolent Magician)" 12 October 1974 (1974-10-12)
The Gumdrop Kid: Phooey investigates a child-sized villain's plans to take over the town's sweet production.
Professor Presto (The Malevolent Magician): Phooey is asked to track down a magician who disappeared from the police station.
HKP-7
"TV or Not TV / Stop Horsing Around" 19 October 1974 (1974-10-19)
TV or Not TV: Phooey attempts to sabotage plans by thieves to steal everyone's television sets.
Stop Horsing Around: Phooey tracks down a circus gang that's kidnapping horses.
HKP-8
"Mirror, Mirror on the Wall / Great Movie Mystery" 26 October 1974 (1974-10-26)
Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Phooey investigates a number of robberies in a health salon.
Great Movie Mystery: Phooey is asked to participate in the filming of a bank robbery, unaware that it's real.
HKP-9
"The Claw / Hong Kong Phooey vs. Hong Kong Phooey" 2 November 1974 (1974-11-02)
The Claw: Phooey investigates how a mechanical claw is stealing gold from the National Bank.
Hong Kong Phooey vs. Hong Kong Phooey: An impostor starts to claim all of Phooey's rewards for fighting crime.
HKP-10
"The Abominable Snowman / Professor Crosshatch" 9 November 1974 (1974-11-09)
The Abominable Snowman: Phooey tracks down a snowman who's stealing equipment for a luxury ski resort.
Professor Crosshatch: Phooey is asked to capture an evil professor who has trained his pet bird to steal jewels from shop windows.
HKP-11
"Goldfisher / Green Thumb" 16 November 1974 (1974-11-16)
Goldfisher: A villainous gang plans to raise the cost of fishing by stealing its competitor's fish.
Green Thumb: Phooey tracks down a gang who want to rid the entire city of plants.
HKP-12
"From Bad to Verse (Rotten Rhymer) / Kong and the Counterfeiters" 23 November 1974 (1974-11-23)
From Bad to Verse (Rotten Rhymer): The villainous Rotten Rhymer plans to steal the nation's book collection.
Kong and the Counterfeiters: Phooey is called to investigate a bogus money-making scheme.
HKP-13
"The Great Choo Choo Robbery / Patty Cake, Patty Cake, Bakery Man" 30 November 1974 (1974-11-30)
The Great Choo Choo Robbery: The villainous Jim Shady plans to steal every railroad car in the country.
Patty Cake, Patty Cake, Bakery Man: Phooey investigates the mysterious theft of jewels by people hiding in baker's food.
HKP-14
"Mr. Tornado / The Little Crook Who Wasn't There" 7 December 1974 (1974-12-07)
Mr. Tornado: Phooey tracks down a super-villain who robs banks by using his tornado-strength lung power.
The Little Crook Who Wasn't There: Phooey is called to track down a criminal who can disappear without a trace.
HKP-15
"Dr. Disguiso / The Incredible Mr. Shrink" 14 December 1974 (1974-12-14)
Dr. Disguiso: A villainous master of disguise uses his skills for a number of bank robberies.
The Incredible Mr. Shrink: An evil businessman terrorizes the town into buying his umbrellas.
HKP-16
"Comedy Cowboys" 21 December 1974 (1974-12-21)
Tin Nose, a conniving cowboy of crime, frames Hong Kong Phooey for the theft of a rare map to The Lost Dutchman Mine from a museum. It's up to Honcho, The Mystery Maverick, and Posse Impossible to help corral Tin Nose and clear Hong Kong's name.
Home media releases[edit]
On August 15, 2006, Warner Home Video released the complete series on 2-disc DVD in Region 1. The DVD set includes commentary on select episodes as well as a documentary of the show from its development through its legacy. The set also includes production designs, never-before-seen original artwork, new interviews, and the special feature Hong Kong Phooey—The Batty Bank Gang: The Complete Storyboard. The series is also available in the UK as a Region 2 two-disc set, and as two separate volumes in Region 4. The shorts "Car Thieves" and "Zoo Story" were also released on a 1970s Saturday morning cartoon compilation.
Voices[edit]
Scatman Crothers – Hong Kong Phooey/Penrod "Penry" Pooch
Kathy Gori – Rosemary
Joe E. Ross – Sergeant Flint
Don Messick – Spot, Narrator, Additional Voices
Additional voices[edit]
Daws Butler
Richard Dawson
Ron Feinberg
Bob Holt
Casey Kasem
Jay Lawrence
Peter Leeds
Allan Melvin
Alan Oppenheimer
Robert Ridgely
Fran Ryan
Hal Smith
Jean Vander Pyl
Lee Vines
Janet Waldo
Lennie Weinrib
Frank Welker
Paul Winchell
Other media[edit]
With a copyright of 2001, Alan Lau in conjunction with Wildbrain.com produced a flash animation webshow cartoon that was prominently featured on CartoonNetwork.com, and could still be found there as of the middle of June 2015. While Penry appears identical to the original incarnation, Hong Kong Phooey is a much larger, cut, and highly competent and skilled fighter—even without Spot the cat. Hong Kong Phooey faces off against and easily defeats evil anthropomorphic animals: a trio of rabbits, what appears to be a crane, and a reptilianoid (that appears to be a Komodo dragon). At the end he morphs back to Penry with a smile and sparkle in his eye.
Film[edit]
On July 12, 2009, it was announced that David A. Goodman had been hired to write the screenplay for a Hong Kong Phooey film.[2] Alex Zamm was slated to direct, and Broderick Johnson, Andrew Kosove, Brett Ratner, and Jay Stern were identified as producers.[3] According to the announcement, Alcon Entertainment would back the film.[4]
It was announced on August 10, 2011, that Eddie Murphy would be voicing Penry/Hong Kong Phooey in the film.[4] On December 28, 2012, test footage of the film was leaked, showing a computer generated character in live action scenery.[5]
Music[edit]
The Bloodhound Gang song "Why's Everybody Always Pickin' on Me?" describes a person as looking "like Chewie, Baba Booey and Hong Kong Phooey all in one."
The Moldy Peaches song "Nothing Came Out" mentions Hong Kong Phooey among other cartoons: "I want you to watch cartoons with me. He-Man, Voltron, and Hong Kong Phooey."
The song "Sugarcane" by The Space Monkeys mentions the side-effect of drugs as being "Quicker than the human eye or Hong Kong Phooey."
The song "Old School" by Danger Doom, features a few classic cartoon mentions. One of these is a mention of Phooey by rapper MF Doom in the line "Ooh Wee, like a Hong Kong Phooey Kick," reminiscing about his childhood.[6]
Literature[edit]
The short children's novel Hong Kong Phooey and The Fortune Cookie Caper by Jean Lewis, illustrated by Phil Ostapczuk, was published in 1975 by Rand McNally and Company, as well as Hong Kong Phooey and the Bird Nest Snatchers (1976).
Art[edit]
In January 2015, a street art ceramic mosaic of Hong Kong Phooey sold at a Sotheby's auction for HK$2 million. The copy sold was a re-creation by the artist Invader after the original was removed from a city wall by Hong Kong authorities.[7]
Comics[edit]
The character appears in 2017 in Scooby-Doo Team-Up #51-52 digital comic (released in print as #26).
See also[edit]
List of works produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions
List of Hanna-Barbera characters
1970s portal
Cartoon portal
United States portal
Animation portal
Television portal
References[edit]
Jump up ^ CD liner notes: Saturday Morning: Cartoons' Greatest Hits, 1995 MCA Records
Jump up ^ "'Hong Kong Phooey' lands Goodman". The Hollywood Reporter. July 12, 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-07-17. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (July 12, 2009). "'Phooey' kicks into high gear". Variety. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Fleming, M. "Eddie Murphy Lends Voice To 'Hong Kong Phooey' Feature" Deadline.com (August 10, 2011).
Jump up ^ "'Hong Kong Phooey' Movie Test Footage Revealed; 'Marvin The Martian' As Well (VIDEO)". Huffington Post. December 28, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2012.
Jump up ^ Danger Doom; MF Doom, Danger Mouse, Talib Kweli. "Old School Rules". Epitaph Records. Retrieved May 28, 2013. Ooh wee, like a Hong Kong Phooey Kick. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ "Hong Kong Phooey takes his revenge at Sotheby's". January 21, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links[edit]
Hong Kong Phooey on IMDb
Hong Kong Phooey at TV.com
Hong Kong Phooey at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on February 5, 2016.
Big Cartoon DataBase: Hong Kong Phooey
Hong Kong Phooey – Profile on Hong Kong Phooey
Hong Kong Phooey – Cartoon Network Department of Cartoons (Archive)
Hong Kong Phooey Fanriffic Zone – Featuring an interview with Kathy Gori, voice of Rosemary the telephone operator
InternationalHero Hong Kong Phooey tribute
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