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War for the Planet of the Apes
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War for the Planet of the Apes
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Matt Reeves
Produced by
Peter Chernin
Dylan Clark
Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Written by
Mark Bomback
Matt Reeves
Based on
Characters created
by Rick Jaffa
Amanda Silver
Premise suggested by Planet of the Apes
by Pierre Boulle (uncredited)
Starring
Andy Serkis
Woody Harrelson
Steve Zahn
Music by
Michael Giacchino
Cinematography
Michael Seresin
Edited by
William Hoy
Stan Salfas
Production
company
Chernin Entertainment
TSG Entertainment
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
July 10, 2017 (2017-07-10) (SVA Theatre)[1]
July 14, 2017 (2017-07-14) (United States)
Running time
140 minutes[2]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$150 million[3]
Box office
$490.7 million[4]
War for the Planet of the Apes is a 2017 American science fiction drama film directed by Matt Reeves and written by Mark Bomback and Reeves. A sequel to Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011) and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014), it is the third and final installment in the Planet of the Apes reboot series. The film stars Andy Serkis, Woody Harrelson and Steve Zahn, and follows a confrontation between the apes, led by Caesar, and the humans for control of Earth. Like its predecessor, its premise shares several similarities to the fifth film in the original series, Battle for the Planet of the Apes, but it is not a direct remake.
Principal photography began on October 14, 2015, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. War for the Planet of the Apes premiered in New York City on July 10, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on July 14, 2017, by 20th Century Fox.[5] The film has grossed over $490 million and received critical praise, with many reviewers highlighting the performances (particularly Serkis), visual effects, story, direction, and musical score. The film received a nomination for Best Special Visual Effects at the 71st British Academy Film Awards,[6] and was also nominated for Best Visual Effects at the 90th Academy Awards.[7] It was also nominated for four Saturn Awards, including Best Director for Reeves and Best Actor for Serkis.[8]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
2.1 Apes
2.2 Humans
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Casting
3.3 Filming
3.4 Visual effects
4 Influences
5 Soundtrack
6 Release
6.1 Marketing
6.2 Home media
7 Reception
7.1 Box office
7.2 Critical response
7.3 Accolades
8 Future
9 References
10 External links
Plot[edit]
Two years have passed[9] since the human-hating bonobo Koba attacked the human survivors in San Francisco. Since then, Caesar and his tribe of intelligent apes have been forced against a rogue U.S. military faction known as Alpha-Omega. Led by a ruthless Colonel, Alpha-Omega employs many apes formerly loyal to Koba, derogatorily called "donkeys".
An Alpha-Omega platoon launches an attack on an ape outpost, but it fails and four soldiers, including one named Preacher and a "donkey" gorilla named Red, are captured. Caesar releases the soldiers, hoping the display of mercy will show the Colonel that the apes are not savages; Red escapes by injuring the albino gorilla Winter. Later, Caesar's eldest son Blue Eyes and lieutenant Rocket return from a long journey. Blue Eyes reports that they found a place across the desert that is ideal for the apes. Despite an uneasy Winter asserting that the apes should leave immediately, Caesar decides they need to prepare first. That night, the Colonel leads a team of soldiers in infiltrating the apes' home, where he kills Blue Eyes and Caesar's wife Cornelia. Upon discovering this, Caesar attempts to prevent the Colonel's escape but fails. Afterward, the apes are unable to find Winter, who they believe betrayed them out of fear.
In the morning, the tribe gathers to journey to safety. Leaving his youngest son, Cornelius, in the care of Blue Eyes' wife Lake, Caesar departs to exact revenge while serving as the decoy for the other apes. Accompanied by Rocket, his orangutan adviser Maurice, and his gorilla lieutenant Luca, the apes enter a seemingly abandoned village, where they come upon a soldier who deserted the Colonel's army. Caesar kills him in self-defense. They then discover a mute girl, who Maurice befriends and adopts, giving her a small rag doll. They then find Winter at a beachside military camp, having become a "donkey". They confront Winter, who tells Caesar that the Colonel departed for the border, to meet more soldiers. Winter then attempts to call out for help, but the other apes restrain him, and Caesar accidentally suffocates him. While following the military, the apes discover soldiers who have been shot and left for dead. Their examination of a surviving soldier reveals that he is mute like the girl. Caesar then kills him in an act of mercy.
Later, the apes give chase after a hooded figure who stole one of their horses and are surprised to discover he is an intelligent ape from another zoo, named Bad Ape. While camping with Bad Ape, they discover that he knows where the border is and he hesitantly agrees to lead them there. The group reaches the border, where they see a quarantine facility. While attempting to get a closer look, Luca is killed protecting Caesar from some soldiers. An angered Caesar decides to proceed alone rather than continue to endanger his allies. While there, however, Caesar learns that Alpha-Omega captured his tribe and are forcing them to build a wall without food or water. Caesar is then captured by Red, who brings him to the Colonel. He is forced to work with the other apes, and when he inspires them to stop working, the Colonel threatens to kill Caesar to get the apes to continue.
Caesar deduces that the Colonel is barricading the facility to fend off other military forces who are against him for killing his own soldiers. The Colonel informs Caesar that the Simian Flu virus had mutated, and the human carriers subsequently became mute and devolved into a primitive state. He then has Caesar tortured with starvation to force the other apes to work. The mute girl, named Nova by Maurice, sneaks into the facility to give Caesar food, water, and her rag doll. To prevent her from being discovered, Rocket allows himself to be captured as a diversion. The next day, the Colonel comes to see if Caesar is still alive, and confiscates the doll upon discovering it. Together, Caesar and Rocket are able to work out a means of escape via an underground tunnel leading out of the facility. Though the plan is successful, Caesar remains behind to confront the Colonel as the facility comes under attack by the army of dissenting soldiers. However, he finds the Colonel infected by the virus via contact with Nova's doll. Caesar chooses not to kill the Colonel, instead watching him commit suicide.
The escaping apes are caught in the crossfire between the two armies while Red watches uncertainly. Caesar attempts to blow up a large fuel tank to take out the Alpha-Omega forces from behind, but he is shot with a crossbow by Preacher. Red then uses a grenade launcher to kill Preacher and save Caesar's life before he is shot dead by a soldier. Caesar succeeds in blowing up the tank and escapes the facility as it is consumed in a cascade of explosions, which then triggers an avalanche that wipes out the dissenting soldiers. The apes, carrying Nova, all survive by climbing nearby trees. They then cross the desert to find an oasis. While the other apes celebrate their new home, Maurice discovers Caesar's fatal wound. He promises to tell Cornelius who his father was and what he did for the apes. Caesar then dies peacefully while Maurice mourns his death and the other apes look on.
Cast[edit]
Apes[edit]
Andy Serkis as Caesar, an intelligent common chimpanzee who is leader to a tribe of genetically enhanced apes.[10]
Steve Zahn as "Bad Ape", a common chimpanzee who lived in a zoo before the Simian Flu outbreak, and was a hermit before joining Caesar's group.[11][12]
Karin Konoval as Maurice, a Bornean orangutan who is Caesar's adviser.[10]
Terry Notary as Rocket, a common chimpanzee who is Caesar's brother-figure.[13]
Ty Olsson as Red, a Western lowland gorilla who was once a follower of Koba, now serving the Colonel to defeat Caesar. Olsson previously played Chief Hamill in Rise.[14]
Michael Adamthwaite as Luca, a Western lowland gorilla in Caesar's tribe. Luca was previously played by Scott Lang in Dawn.[15]
Toby Kebbell as Koba, a bonobo who had previously waged war against the humans in Dawn; he now appears in Caesar's hallucinations.
Judy Greer as Cornelia, Caesar's wife.[10]
Sara Canning as Lake, a common chimpanzee in Caesar's tribe, who is also Blue Eyes' mate and later Cornelius's caretaker.[16]
Max Lloyd-Jones as Blue Eyes, Caesar and Cornelia's oldest son.[17]
Devyn Dalton as Cornelius, Caesar and Cornelia's youngest son, and Blue Eyes' younger brother. Dalton previously played Cornelia in Rise.
Aleks Paunovic as Winter, an albino Western lowland gorilla in Caesar's tribe who sided with the Colonel out of fear.[18]
Humans[edit]
Amiah Miller as Nova, a mute orphan whom Maurice befriends and cares for.[19][20]
Woody Harrelson as The Colonel, the leader of the paramilitary organization Alpha-Omega, who is obsessed with wiping out Caesar and his tribe to preserve humans as the dominant species.[21][22] His full name was revealed in the film's screenplay as Colonel J. Wesley McCullough.[23]
Gabriel Chavarria as Preacher, a human soldier working under the Colonel in Alpha-Omega.[24]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
Matt Reeves, Andy Serkis and Dylan Clark at New York Comic-Con 2016 for the War for the Planet of the Apes panel
After seeing his cut of Dawn, 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. In January 2014, the studio announced the third film, with Reeves returning to direct and co-write along with Bomback, and Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver serving as producers.[25][26] During an interview in mid-November 2014 with MTV, Andy Serkis said they did not know the next film's setting. "...It could be five years after the event. It could be the night after the events of where we left 'Dawn.'"[27] In May 2015, the title was first given as War of the Planet of the Apes.[28] By October 2015, it had been retitled as War for the Planet of the Apes.[11]
When director Reeves and screenwriter Bomback came on board to helm Dawn, the film already had a release date, which led to an accelerated production schedule. However, with the third installment, Fox wanted to give the duo plenty of time to write and make the film. Taking advantage of this, the two bonded with each other more than before.[29]
In interviews for Dawn, Reeves talked about the inevitable war Caesar would have with the humans: "As this story continues, we know that war is not avoided by the end of Dawn. That is going to take us into the world of what he is grappling with. Where he is going to be thrust into circumstances that he never, ever wanted to deal with, and was hoping he could avoid. And now he is right in the middle of it. The things that happen in that story test him in huge ways, in the ways in which his relationship with Koba haunts him deeply. It’s going to be an epic story. I think you’ve probably read that I sort of described it where in the first film was very much about his rise from humble beginnings to being a revolutionary. The second movie was about having to rise to the challenge of being a great leader in the most difficult of times. This is going to be the story that is going to cement his status as a seminal figure in ape history, and sort of leads to an almost biblical status. He is going to become like a mythic ape figure, like Moses."[30]
Toby Kebbell, who portrayed Koba in Dawn, had expressed interest in reprising his role or performing as other characters.[31] Plans to include Koba in a larger role in the film were abandoned early, with Bomback saying, "If you stayed until the very end of Dawn of the Planet of the Apes, you hear Koba’s breathing. We did that to give us a tiny crack of a possibility that we could revive Koba if we wanted to. Very early on in spitballing, we realized there was nothing more to do with Koba – certainly nothing that would exceed what he had done in the last story. But we knew we wanted to keep him alive as an idea. In playing out the reality of what happened at the end of the last film, Caesar would be traumatized by having to kill his brother. That would have resonance, and we wanted to make sure that did not get lost. So the answer was that we could go inside Caesar’s mind at this point and revisit Koba that way."[32]
Casting[edit]
In August 2015, Deadline reported that Gabriel Chavarria had been cast as one of the humans in the film.[33] In September 2015, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist, and that Chavarria's role was supporting.[21] In October 2015, TheWrap reported that Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film.[11] It was also announced that actress Amiah Miller was cast as one of the film's humans, with Judy Greer and Karin Konoval reprising their roles as Cornelia and Maurice,[10][19] while Aleks Paunovic and Sara Canning were cast as new apes.[18][16]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began on October 14, 2015 in the Lower Mainland in Vancouver, under the working title Hidden Fortress.[34][35] Filming was expected to take place there until early March 2016.[36] Parts of the film were expected to shoot for up to five days in the Kananaskis in late January and early February.[37] In March, Serkis confirmed that he had finished shooting his portions.[38]
Visual effects[edit]
As with Rise and Dawn, the visual effects for War were created by Weta Digital; the apes were created with a mixture of motion-capture and CGI key-frame animation, as they were performed in motion-capture technology and animated in CGI.
Influences[edit]
At New York Comic-Con 2016, Reeves explained that he and Bomback were influenced by many films before writing. He said, "One of the first things that Mark and I did because we had just finished Dawn was that we decided to watch a million movies. We decided to do what people fantasize what Hollywood screenwriters get to do but no one actually does. We got Fox to give us a theater and we watched movie after movie. We watched every Planet of the Apes movie, war movies, westerns, Empire Strikes Back... We just thought, 'We have to pretend we have all the time in the world,' even though we had limited time. We got really inspired."[39]
Additionally, during production, Reeves and Bomback sought broader inspirations from films like The Bridge on the River Kwai and The Great Escape. Feeling that there was a need to imbue Biblical themes and elements, they also watched Biblical epics like Ben-Hur and The Ten Commandments. The influences and inspirations were made evident in the relationship between Caesar and Woody Harrelson's Colonel, a military leader with pretensions toward godhood. Reeves has compared their relationship to the dynamic between Alec Guinness's British Commander and Sessue Hayakawa's prison camp Colonel in Bridge on the River Kwai. Another comparison is in Caesar's journey to find the Colonel, flanked by a posse of close friends – a situation Reeves explicitly tied to Clint Eastwood's war-weary soldier in The Outlaw Josey Wales.[29] Influences from the film Apocalypse Now, notably Harrelson's character and his Alpha-Omega faction being similar to Colonel Kurtz's renegade army, were also noted by several journalists.[40][41][42] Harrelson has also acknowledged the similarities and inspiration.[43]
Soundtrack[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes
Soundtrack album by Michael Giacchino
Released
July 7, 2017 (Digital)
July 21, 2017 (Physical)
Recorded
2017
Genre
Film score
Label
Sony Masterworks
Michael Giacchino film scores chronology
Spider-Man: Homecoming
(2017)Spider-Man: Homecoming2017 War for the Planet of the Apes
(2017) Coco
(2017)Coco2017
On October 17, 2015, it was confirmed that Michael Giacchino, the composer and writer of the soundtrack for Dawn, would return to compose War's score.[44] The soundtrack was digitally released to iTunes and Amazon on July 7, 2017,[45] and in its physical form by Sony Masterworks on July 21, 2017.
Release[edit]
The film was initially set for a July 29, 2016, release. However, in January 2015, Fox postponed the film's release date to about a year later on July 14, 2017.[46][5]
Marketing[edit]
Special behind-the-scenes footage for the film was aired on TV on November 22, 2015, as part of a contest announcement presented by director Matt Reeves and Andy Serkis.[47] The footage aired during The Walking Dead on AMC.[48][49] The announcement allowed winners to wear a performance-capture suit and appear in a scene as an ape.[50] The announcement was released on 20th Century Fox's official YouTube page later the same day.[51]
At a New York Comic Con special event on October 6, Reeves, Serkis and producer Dylan Clark debuted an exclusive look at the film.[52]
Serkis has also mentioned that the film would be accompanied by a video game, for which he performed motion capture.[53] Titled Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier, the game was released for the PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC in fall 2017.[54]
Home media[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes was released on Digital HD on October 10, 2017, and on Blu-ray and DVD on October 24, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.[55]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes grossed $146.9 million in the United States and Canada and $343.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $490.7 million, against a production budget of $150 million.[4]
In North America, the film was projected to gross $50–60 million in its opening weekend,[56] however, given its acclaimed status and strong word-of-mouth, rival studios believed the film had the potential to debut as high as $70–80 million.[3][57][58] War was closely monitored by analysts while the summer was witnessing a decline in ticket sales, a situation that they blamed on franchise fatigue for an overabundance of sequels and reboots (such as Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales, Transformers: The Last Knight and The Mummy). However, box office analysts noted that well-reviewed films have tended to perform in-line with estimates (Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, Wonder Woman and Spider-Man: Homecoming).[59][60][61] The film grossed $5 million from Thursday night previews at 3,021 theaters, up 22% from the $4.1 million earned by its predecessor, and $22.1 million on its first day. It went on to debut to $56.3 million, topping the box office, albeit with a 22% drop from Dawn's $72.6 million debut.[62][63] In its second weekend, the film grossed $20.9 million (a drop of 62.9%, more than the 50.4% fall Dawn saw), finishing 4th at the box office.[64] In its third weekend, the film made $10.5 million (dropping another 49.9%), finishing 6th at the box office. It was lower than the third weeks of both Rise ($16.1 million) and Dawn ($16.8 million).[65]
Outside North America, War for the Planet of the Apes received a scattered release in a span of three months (July–September). The film began its release in about a third of the marketplace on July 14, albeit only in two major markets, and was projected to have an opening of $50–60 million, with the potential to go higher if smaller Asian markets over-perform, as they have for recent tent poles.[3] The film ended up having an international debut of $44.2 million, including $9.27 million in the United Kingdom.[66]
Critical response[edit]
War for the Planet of the Apes received praise for the cast's performances (particularly Serkis), Reeves's direction, visual effects, musical score, cinematography and its morally complex storyline.[67] On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 93% based on 296 reviews, with a rating average of 8.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "War for the Planet of the Apes combines breathtaking special effects and a powerful, poignant narrative to conclude this rebooted trilogy on a powerful – and truly blockbuster – note."[68] On review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating to reviews, the film has a score of 82 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[69] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, the same score earned by its two immediate predecessors.[62]
Scott Collura of IGN awarded the film a score of 9.5 out of 10, saying: "War for the Planet of the Apes is an excellent closing act to this rebooted trilogy, but also one that does enough world-building that the series can potentially continue from here – and it’s a rare case where, after three movies, we’re left wanting more."[70] A.O. Scott of The New York Times said of the film, "“War for the Planet of the Apes,” directed by Matt Reeves, is the grimmest episode so far, and also the strongest, a superb example — rare in this era of sloppily constructed, commercially hedged cinematic universes — of clear thinking wedded to inventive technique in popular filmmaking," and lauded Andy Serkis's performance in the film, stating that "Andy Serkis’s performance as Caesar is one of the marvels of modern screen acting."[71]
Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, and said that Serkis performed "with a resonant power and depth of feeling that's nearly Shakespearean. Oscar, get busy: Serkis deserves the gold," and went on to say that "War for the Planet of the Apes – No. 9 in the simian cinema canon – is the best of the Apes films since the 1968 original."[72] Eric Kohn of Indiewire gave the film a B+ rating, and praised Matt Reeves's directing, saying "It’s a given that an expensive 21st century sci-fi movie with talking animals, exploding tanks, and jarring machine guns would look and sound great, but Reeves applies these effects with such a measured strategy that they’re always working in service of a greater narrative agenda." Kohn went on to applaud the visuals and musical score, stating that "The breathlessly paced montage of flying bullets and angry monkeys raining down on terrified men, aided by Michael Giacchino’s vibrant score, is a strong indicator of the next-level craftsmanship that distinguishes these movies from so many cacophonous Hollywood spectacles; not only is the action easy to follow, but you care for the motion-captured characters at the center of it, while the humans cower in fear."[73]
Accolades[edit]
List of awards and nominations
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.
Golden Trailer Awards June 6, 2017 Best Motion/Title Graphics War for the Planet of the Apes: 20th Century Fox, Wild Card Nominated [74][75]
Best Summer 2017 Blockbuster TV Spot
Hollywood Film Awards November 5, 2017 Hollywood Visual Effects Award Dan Barrett, Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, and Erik Winquist Won [76][77]
Hollywood Post Alliance November 16, 2017 Outstanding Visual Effects - Feature Film Dan Barrett, Anders Langlands, Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, Luke Millar, Erik Winquist, and Weta Digital Won [78][79]
Teen Choice Awards August 13, 2017 Choice Movie: Summer 20th Century Fox Nominated
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association December 8, 2017 Best Motion Capture Performance Andy Serkis Won [80]
Best Motion Capture Performance Steve Zahn Nominated
San Francisco Film Critics Circle December 10, 2017 Best Actor Andy Serkis Won [81][82]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated
San Diego Film Critics Society December 11, 2017 Best Visual Effects War for the Planet of the Apes Won [83]
Chicago Film Critics Association December 12, 2017 Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated [84]
Seattle Film Critics Society December 18, 2017 Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated [85][86]
Best Visual Effects Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, Dan Barrett, and Joel Whist Won
Utah Film Critics Association Best Actor Andy Serkis Won [87]
Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society December 19, 2017 Best Animated / Visual Effect Performance Andy Serkis Won [88][89][90]
Best Score Michael Giacchino Nominated
Best Action / War War for the Planet of the Apes Nominated
Best Blockbuster Nominated
Best Visual Effects Won
Phoenix Film Critics Society Best Visual Effects War for the Planet of the Apes Won [91]
North Carolina Film Critics Association December 29, 2017 Best Special Effects War for the Planet of the Apes Won [92]
Columbus Film Critics Association January 4, 2018 Actor of the Year (for an exemplary body of work) Woody Harrelson Runner-up [93]
Golden Tomato Awards January 3, 2018 Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Movie 2017 War for the Planet of the Apes 2nd Place [94]
Houston Film Critics Society January 6, 2018 Best Actor Andy Serkis Nominated [95][96]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino
Best Visual Effects War for the Planet of the Apes
Critics' Choice Movie Awards January 11, 2018 Best Action Movie War for the Planet of the Apes Nominated [97]
Best Visual Effects Won
Georgia Film Critics Association January 12, 2018 Best Actor Andy Serkis Nominated [98]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated
Screen Actors Guild Awards January 21, 2018 Outstanding Performance by a Stunt Ensemble in a Motion Picture War for the Planet of the Apes Nominated [99][100]
Art Directors Guild January 27, 2018 Excellence in Production Design for a Fantasy Film James Chinlund Nominated [101]
Annie Awards February 3, 2018 Outstanding Achievement for Character Animation in a Live Action Production Daniel Barrett, Sidney Kombo-Kintombo, Emile Ghorayeb, Luisma Lavin Peredo, and Alessandro Bonora Won [102]
Satellite Awards February 10, 2018 Best Film Editing William Hoy Won [103]
Best Original Score Michael Giacchino Nominated
Best Sound War for the Planet of the Apes Nominated
Best Visual Effects Nominated
Visual Effects Society Awards February 13, 2018 Outstanding Visual Effects in a Photoreal Feature Joe Letteri, Ryan Stafford, Daniel Barrett, Dan Lemmon, Joel Whist Won [104]
Outstanding Animated Character in a Photoreal Feature Eteuati Tema, Aidan Martin, Florian Fernandez, Mathias Larserud for "Bad Ape" Nominated
Dennis Yoo, Ludovic Chailloleau, Douglas McHale, Tim Forbes for "Caesar" Won
Outstanding Created Environment in a Photoreal Feature Chris McLaughlin, Ryan Salcombe, Seungjin Woo, Francesco Dell'Anna for "Hidden Fortress" Nominated
Phillip Leonhardt, Paul Harris, Jeremy Fort, Thomas Lo for "Prison Camp" Nominated
Outstanding Effects Simulations in a Photoreal Feature David Caeiro Cebrian, Johnathan Nixon, Chet Leavai, Gary Boyle Won
Outstanding Compositing in a Photoreal Feature Christoph Salzmann, Robin Hollander, Ben Morgan, Ben Warner Won
British Academy Film Awards February 18, 2018 Best Special Visual Effects Daniel Barrett, Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, and Joel Whist Nominated [6]
Golden Reel Awards February 18, 2018 Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Dialogue / ADR Supervising Sound Editors: Douglas Murray, Will Files; Supervising Dialogue Editor: R.J. Kizer; Vocal Editors: Kim Foscato, P.K. Hooker, Doug Jackson, Lindsay Alvarez; ADR Editors: Laura Graham, and Jim Brookshire Won [105][106]
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Effects / Foley Supervising Sound Editors: Douglas Murray, Will Files; Sound Effects Editors: David Grimaldi, Jack Whittaker, Ken McGill, P.K. Hooker, Doug Jackson, Lindsay Alvarez; Foley Editors: John Morris, Matthew Harrison, Thom Brennan, Willard Overstreet; Foley Artists: Dan O'Connell, and John T. Cucci Nominated
International Film Music Critics Association Awards February 22, 2018 Score of the Year Michael Giacchino Nominated [107][108]
Best Original Score for a Fantasy/Science Fiction/Horror Film Michael Giacchino Won
Film Music Composition of the Year "End Credits" from War for the Planet of the Apes by Michael Giacchino Won
Academy Awards March 4, 2018 Best Visual Effects Daniel Barrett, Dan Lemmon, Joe Letteri, and Joel Whist Nominated [109]
Saturn Awards June 2018 Best Science Fiction Film Peter Chernin, Dylan Clark, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver Pending [110]
Best Director Matt Reeves Pending
Best Actor Andy Serkis Pending
Best Special Effects Joe Letteri, Dan Lemmon, Daniel Barrett and Joel Whist Pending
Future[edit]
In October 2016, it was reported that a fourth Planet of the Apes film was being discussed.[111][112]
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b Pedersen, Erik (October 13, 2015). "Eugene Cordero Heads To 'Kong: Skull Island'; Amiah Miller Joins 'War For The Planet Of The Apes'". deadline.com. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ Sullivan, Kevin P. (December 22, 2016). "War for the Planet of the Apes brings back original series character". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on December 22, 2016. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Kit, Borys (September 15, 2015). "Woody Harrelson to Play Villain in New 'Planet of the Apes' Movie (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Brandon Davis (June 19, 2017). "Woody Harrelson Was Once In Talks For A Marvel Or DC Movie". ComicBook. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ [1], Colonel J. Wesley McCullough's full name is revealed in the War for the Planet of the Apes screenplay.
Jump up ^ Fleming Jr, Mike; Hipes, Patrick (August 24, 2015). "'War Of The Planet Of The Apes' Recruits Gabriel Chavarria For Lead Role". deadline.com. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Mike (January 7, 2014). "Matt Reeves To Direct 'Planet Of The Apes 3'". Deadline. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / ERCboxoffice: The damn dirty apes will return yet again, as UNTITLED PLANET OF THE APES (not the official title) stakes out 7/29/16". Twitter.com. January 14, 2014. Retrieved June 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ P. Sullivan, Kevin (November 20, 2014). "Current 'Planet Of The Apes' Series Might Not Be Just A Trilogy". MTV News. Retrieved November 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Matt Goldberg. "New Planet of the Apes Movie Title Revealed". Collider. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Darren Franich (April 28, 2017). "War for the Planet of the Apes director reveals films that influenced the sequel". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved May 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Germain Lussier (December 4, 2014). "Matt Reeves Talks About New 'Apes' Films Eventually Reaching the 1968 'Planet of the Apes' Story". Slashfilm. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Couch, Aaron (November 10, 2014). "Andy Serkis on Next 'Planet of the Apes': "There's Potential War"". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Christopher McKittrick (July 14, 2017). "War for the Planet of the Apes: a "Biblical Epic Western War Movie"". Creative Screenwriting. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Fleming, Jr, Mike; Hipes, Patrick (August 24, 2015). "'War Of The Planet Of The Apes' Recruits Gabriel Chavarria For Lead Role". Deadline. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
Jump up ^ Brown, Scott (September 15, 2015). "Bruce Lee biopic begins filming in Vancouver next month". calgaryherald.com. Retrieved September 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes Filming Starts". SuperHeroHype. Retrieved October 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Susan Gittins (October 12, 2015). "Big Budget: War for the Planet of the Apes With Motion-Captured Andy Serkis & Steve Zahn And Woody Harrelson Starts Filming Mid-Week in Metro Vancouver". yvrshoots.com. Retrieved October 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ Volmers, Eric (12 November 2015). "Parts of Planet of the Apes sequel to be shot in Alberta in January". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "Andy Serkis unsure about Tin Tin sequel". TV 3. March 29, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2016.
Jump up ^ McKittrick, Christopher (October 12, 2016). "Interview: 'War for the Planet of the Apes' Matt Reeves & Dylan Clark". ThoughtCo.com. Retrieved May 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chang, Justin (July 13, 2017). "'War For The Planet Of The Apes' Offers A Masterful Vision Of Humanity's Many Forms". NPR. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Marshall, Rick (July 14, 2017). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' review: The trilogy's epic conclusion holds nothing back". NPR. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Edelstein, David (July 11, 2017). "War for the Planet of the Apes Isn't the Apocalypse Now Remake It Wants to Be". Vulture. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ THR Staff (July 14, 2017). "Woody Harrelson Says He's Not Doing Brando in 'War for the Planet of the Apes'". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jayson, Jay (October 17, 2015). "First Official War For The Planet Of The Apes Set Photo Released". Comicbook.com. Retrieved October 17, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sony Masterworks to Release 'War for the Planet of the Apes' Soundtrack". Filmmusicreporter.com. May 26, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (January 5, 2015). "Fox Pushes 'Apes' Sequel By A Year; 'X-Men' Spinoff, 'Assassin's Creed' Set For 2016". Deadline.com. Retrieved September 21, 2015.
Jump up ^ Jayson, Jay (November 22, 2015). "First War For The Planet Of The Apes Footage; Contest To Be An Ape In The Film Announced". Comicbook.com. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Chitwood, Adam (November 20, 2015). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' Logo Revealed; Trailer Coming Sunday?". Collider. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Jayson, Jay. "War For The Planet Of The Apes Announcement Coming During The Walking Dead". Comicbook.com. Retrieved 21 November 2015.
Jump up ^ "#WarForTheApesContest". 20th Century Fox. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ 20th Century Fox (November 22, 2015). "War for the Planet of the Apes | Contest TV Commercial [HD] | 20th Century FOX". YouTube. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes Footage Coming to NYCC". Comingsoon.net. 30 September 2016. Retrieved 3 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Mat Paget. "War for the Planet of the Apes Video Game Coming to Consoles". GameSpot. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Planet of the Apes Video Game Announced for This Fall". ComingSoon.net. 17 August 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes DVD Release Date October 24, 2017". DVDs Release Dates. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Brad Brevet (July 13, 2017). "Will 'War for the Planet of the Apes' Top 'Spider-Man' for #1 at the Weekend Box Office?". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Seth Kelly. "'War for the Planet of the Apes' Eyes $65 Million Domestic Opening in Early Box Office Tracking". Variety. Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Jeremy Fuster (July 11, 2017). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' to Do Battle With 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' at Box Office". Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ryan Faughnder (July 12, 2017). "Hollywood's summer box-office lesson: 'The disconnect between critics and audiences is largely gone'". Retrieved July 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ Brent Lang, Seth Kelley (July 11, 2017). "How Too Many Aging Franchises Wrecked the Summer Box Office". Variety. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pamela McClintock (June 13, 2017). "Box-Office Preview: 'War for the Planet of the Apes' to Battle 'Spider-Man'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 13, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "'War For The Planet Of The Apes' Loots $56.5M In Box Office Spoils". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Box office top 20: The Apes unseat Spider-Man". Associated Press. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Dunkirk' Seizes $50.5M; 'Girls Trip' Is Malcolm D. Lee's Highest Opening; The Reasons Why 'Valerian' Crashed". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Dunkirk' Marches Ahead Of 'Emoji Movie' For Top Spot With $28M+". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'War For The Planet Of The Apes' Marshals $44.2M In Bow; 'Spider-Man' Rises To $260M Overseas". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Graeme McMillan (June 26, 2017). "'War for the Planet of the Apes': What the Critics Are Saying". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 28, 2017.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved March 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ 2017, 26 Jun. "War for the Planet of the Apes Review". IGN. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Scott, A. O. (July 12, 2017). "Review: New 'Planet of the Apes' Makes You Root Against Your Species". Retrieved December 14, 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
Jump up ^ "'War for the Planet of the Apes': Series Ends With Best 'Apes' Movie Yet". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kohn, Eric (June 26, 2017). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' Review: Matt Reeves Concludes the Best Sci-Fi Trilogy Since the First 'Star Wars'". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Golden Trailer Awards (2017)". IMDb. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.goldentrailer.com/gta-18-nominees/
Jump up ^ "War for the Planet of the Apes". Retrieved December 14, 2017 – via www.imdb.com.
Jump up ^ "2017 Honorees - Hollywood Film Awards". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ lidplussdesign. "HPA Online, Hollywood Professional Association". www.hollywoodprofessionalassociation.com. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Outstanding Visual Effects – Feature Film - HPA Awards: 'Dunkirk' Wins Best Editing in a Feature". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 WAFCA Award Winners - The Washington DC Area Film Critics Association (WAFCA)". www.wafca.com. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 San Francisco Film Critics Nominate Andy Serkis for Best Actor, go deep in for Shape of Water". December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The San Francisco Film Critics Announce Nominations - Awards Daily". December 8, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 San Diego Film Critics Society Award Winners". December 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Awards". Chicago Film Critics Association. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Davis, Clayton (December 11, 2017). "Seattle Film Critics Society Nominations - 'Blade Runner 2049' Leads the Fray".
Jump up ^ ""Get Out" Named Best Picture of 2017 By Seattle Film Critics Society - Seattle Film Critics Society". December 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Surreal 'A Ghost Story' is best movie of 2017, says Utah Film Critics Association".
Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society Film Nominations – LA Online Film Critics Society". laofcs.org. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2017 Los Angeles Online Film Critics Society Nominations". December 4, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (December 19, 2017). "Los Angeles Online Film Critics Name 'The Shape Of Water' Best Picture".
Jump up ^ "PFCS 2017 Award Winners". Phoenix Film Critics Society.
Jump up ^ "2017 North Carolina Film Critics Association Awards - North Carolina Film Critics Association". ncfilmcritics.org.
Jump up ^ "Awards 2017 - COFCA".
Jump up ^ "Golden Tomato Awards - Best of 2017". Rotten Tomatoes. January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'The Shape of Water' inundates Houston critics' film awards nominations". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "And the HFCS winner is: Lady Bird". www.movingpictureblog.com.
Jump up ^ "Critics' Choice Awards 2018: Complete List of Movie and TV Nominations". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Georgia Film Critics Association Announces 2017 Award Winners". GeorgiaEntertainmentNews.com. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ CNN, Sandra Gonzalez,. "SAG Award nominations 2018: The list". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The 24th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards - Screen Actors Guild Awards". www.sagawards.org. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Contemporary Film - Art Directors Guild Awards: 'Dunkirk,' 'Shape of Water,' 'Blade Runner 2049' Among Nominees".
Jump up ^ Hipes, Patrick (December 4, 2017). "Annie Awards: Disney/Pixar's 'Coco' Tops Nominations". Retrieved December 14, 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Dunkirk,' 'The Shape of Water' Lead Satellite Award Nominations". The Wrap. November 30, 2017. thewrap.com. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Giardina, Carolyn (January 16, 2018). "Visual Effects Society Awards: 'Apes,' 'Blade Runner 2049' Lead Feature Nominees". Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved January 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ http://www.mpse.org/outstanding-achievement-in-sound-editing---feature-motion-picture---dialogue-adr
Jump up ^ http://www.mpse.org/outstanding-achievement-in-sound-editing---feature-motion-picture---effects-foley
Jump up ^ http://filmmusiccritics.org/2018/02/ifmca-award-nominations-2017/
Jump up ^ http://filmmusiccritics.org/2018/02/ifmca-award-winners-2017/
Jump up ^ Merry, Stephanie (January 23, 2018). "Analysis - Oscar nominations 2018: 'The Shape of Water' leads with 13; 'Get Out' nominated for best picture". Retrieved January 24, 2018 – via www.WashingtonPost.com.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (March 15, 2018). "'Black Panther,' 'Walking Dead' Rule Saturn Awards Nominations". Variety. Archived from the original on March 15, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Han, Angie (October 11, 2016). "'War for the Planet of the Apes' Director Matt Reeves "Absolutely" Has Ideas About Where the Story Goes Next". SlashFilm.com. Retrieved August 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Owen, Luke (October 12, 2016). "Planet of the Apes 4 already being developed". Flickering Myth. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
External links[edit]
Official website
War for the Planet of the Apes on IMDb
War for the Planet of the Apes at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Planet of the Apes
Films
Original series
Planet of the Apes (1968)
Beneath the Planet of the Apes (1970)
Escape from the Planet of the Apes (1971)
Conquest of the Planet of the Apes (1972)
Battle for the Planet of the Apes (1973)
Remake
Planet of the Apes (2001)
Reboot series
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
Television
Planet of the Apes (1974)
Return to the Planet of the Apes (1975)
Behind the Planet of the Apes (1998)
Video games
Planet of the Apes (2001)
Revenge of the Apes (2003)
Planet of the Apes: Last Frontier (2017)
Other
La Planète des singes
Characters
Comics
Star Trek/Planet of the Apes: The Primate Directive
Tarzan on the Planet of the Apes
Planet of the Apes/Green Lantern
[show]
v
t
e
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The Pallbearer (1996)
Cloverfield (2008)
Let Me In (2010)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
[show]
v
t
e
Films by Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver
Written and produced
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (2011)
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes (2014)
Written
The Hand That Rocks the Cradle (1992, Silver only)
Eye for an Eye (1996)
The Relic (1997)
Jurassic World (2015)
In the Heart of the Sea (2015)
Avatar 3 (2021)
Produced
Love Shack (2010)
War for the Planet of the Apes (2017)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=War_for_the_Planet_of_the_Apes&oldid=843356362"
Categories:
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text:
Heart of Darkness
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Heart of Darkness (disambiguation).
Heart of Darkness
Heart of Darkness was first published as a three-part serial story in Blackwood's Magazine.
Author
Joseph Conrad
Country
United Kingdom
Language
English
Genre
Novella
Published
1899 serial; 1902 book
Publisher
Blackwood's Magazine
Media type
Print
Preceded by
The Nigger of the 'Narcissus' (1897)
Followed by
Lord Jim (1900)
Heart of Darkness (1899) is a novella by Polish-British novelist Joseph Conrad, about a voyage up the Congo River into the Congo Free State, in the heart of Africa, by the story's narrator Charles Marlow.[1] Marlow tells his story to friends aboard a boat anchored on the River Thames, London, England. This setting provides the frame for Marlow's story of his obsession with the ivory trader Kurtz, which enables Conrad to create a parallel between London and Africa as places of darkness.[2]
Central to Conrad's work is the idea that there is little difference between so-called civilised people and those described as savages; Heart of Darkness raises questions about imperialism and racism.[3]
Originally issued as a three-part serial story in Blackwood's Magazine to celebrate the thousandth edition of the magazine,[4] Heart of Darkness has been widely re-published and translated into many languages. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Heart of Darkness sixty-seventh on their list of the hundred best novels in English of the twentieth century.[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition and publication
2 Plot summary
3 Reception
4 Adaptations and influences
4.1 Radio and stage plays
4.2 Film and television
4.3 Video games
4.4 Literature
5 Notes
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
Composition and publication[edit]
In 1890, at the age of 32, Conrad was appointed by a Belgian trading company to serve on one of its steamers. While sailing up the Congo river from one station to another, the captain became ill and Conrad assumed command, guiding the ship to the trading company's innermost station. The story's main narrator, Charles Marlow, is based upon the author himself.[6]
Joseph Conrad based Heart of Darkness on his own experiences in the Congo.
When Conrad began to write the novella, eight years after returning from Africa, he drew inspiration from his travel journals.[6] He described Heart of Darkness as "a wild story" of a journalist who becomes manager of a station in the (African) interior and makes himself worshipped by a tribe of savages. Thus described, the subject seems comic, but it isn't."[7] The tale was first published as a three-part serial, February, March and April 1899, in Blackwood's Magazine (February 1899 was the magazine's 1000th issue: special edition). Then later, in 1902, Heart of Darkness was included in the book Youth: a Narrative, and Two Other Stories (published on 13 November 1902, by William Blackwood).
The volume consisted of Youth: a Narrative, Heart of Darkness and The End of the Tether in that order. For future editions of the book, in 1917 Conrad wrote an "Author's Note" where he, after denying any "unity of artistic purpose" underlying the collection, discusses each of the three stories, and makes light commentary on the character Marlow—the narrator of the tales within the first two stories. He also mentions how Youth marks the first appearance of Marlow.
On 31 May 1902, in a letter to William Blackwood, Conrad remarked:
I call your own kind self to witness ... the last pages of Heart of Darkness where the interview of the man and the girl locks in—as it were—the whole 30000 words of narrative description into one suggestive view of a whole phase of life and makes of that story something quite on another plane than an anecdote of a man who went mad in the Centre of Africa.[8]
There have been many proposed sources for the character of the antagonist, Kurtz. Georges-Antoine Klein, an agent who became ill and later died aboard Conrad's steamer, has been identified by scholars and literary critics as one basis for Kurtz. The principal figures involved in the disastrous "rear column" of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition have also been identified as likely sources, including column leader Edmund Musgrave Barttelot, slave trader Tippu Tip and the expedition's overall leader, Welsh explorer Henry Morton Stanley.[9][10] Adam Hochschild, in King Leopold's Ghost, believes that the Belgian soldier Léon Rom is the most important influence on the character.[11]
Plot summary[edit]
Aboard the Nellie, anchored in the River Thames near Gravesend, England, Charles Marlow tells his fellow sailors about the events that led to his appointment as captain of a river steamboat for an ivory trading company. As a child, Marlow had been fascinated by "the blank spaces" on maps, particularly by the biggest, which by the time he had grown up was no longer blank but turned into "a place of darkness" (Conrad 10). Yet there remained a big river, "resembling an immense snake uncoiled, with its head in the sea, its body at rest curving afar over a vast country and its tail lost in the depths of the land" (Conrad 10). The image of this river on the map fascinated Marlow "as a snake would a bird" (Conrad 10). Feeling as though "instead of going to the centre of a continent I were about to set off for the centre of the earth", Marlow takes passage on a French steamer bound for the African coast and then into the interior (Conrad 18). After more than thirty days the ship anchors off the seat of the government near the mouth of the big river. Marlow, with still some two hundred miles to go, now takes passage on a little sea-going steamer captained by a Swede. He departs some thirty miles up the river where his Company's station is. Work on the railway is going on, involving removal of rocks with explosives. Marlow enters a narrow ravine to stroll in the shade under the trees, and finds himself in "the gloomy circle of some Inferno": the place is full of diseased Africans who worked on the railroad and now await their deaths, their sickened bodies already as thin as air (Conrad 24–25). Marlow witnesses the scene "horror-struck" (Conrad 26).
Marlow has to wait for ten days in the Company's Outer Station, where he sleeps in a hut. At this station, which strikes Marlow as a scene of devastation, he meets the Company's impeccably dressed chief accountant who tells him of a Mr. Kurtz, who is in charge of a very important trading-post, and a widely respected, first-class agent, a "'very remarkable person'" who "'Sends in as much ivory as all the others put together'" (Conrad 28). The agent predicts that Kurtz will go very far: "'He will be a somebody in the Administration before long. They, above—the Council in Europe, you know—mean him to be'" (Conrad 29).
Belgian river station on the Congo River, 1889
Marlow departs with a caravan of sixty men to travel on foot some two hundred miles into the wilderness to the Central Station, where the steamboat that he is to captain is based. On the fifteenth day of his march, he arrives at the station, which has some twenty employees, and is shocked to learn from a fellow European that his steamboat had been wrecked in a mysterious accident two days earlier. He meets the general manager, who informs him that he could wait no longer for Marlow to arrive, because the up-river stations had to be relieved, and rumours had one important station in jeopardy because its chief, the exceptional Mr. Kurtz, was ill. "Hang Kurtz", Marlow thinks, irritated (Conrad 34). He fishes his boat out of the river and is occupied with its repair for some months, during which a sudden fire destroys a grass shed full of materials used to trade with the natives. While one of the natives is tortured for allegedly causing the fire, Marlow is invited in the room of the station's brick-maker, a man who spent a year waiting for material to make bricks. Marlow gets the impression the man wants to pump him, and is curious to know what kind of information he is after. Hanging on the wall is "a small sketch in oils, on a panel, representing a woman draped and blindfolded carrying a lighted torch" (Conrad 39). Marlow is fascinated with the sinister effect of the torchlight upon the woman's face, and is informed that Mr. Kurtz made the painting in the station a year ago. The brick-maker calls Kurtz "'a prodigy'" and "'an emissary of pity, and science, and progress'", and feels Kurtz represents the "'higher intelligence, wide sympathies, a singleness of purpose'" needed for the cause Europe entrusts the Company with (Conrad 39). The man predicts Kurtz will rise in the hierarchy within two years and then makes the connection to Marlow: "'The same people who sent him specially also recommended you'" (Conrad 39–40).
Marlow is frustrated by the months it takes to perform the necessary repairs, made all the slower by the lack of proper tools and replacement parts at the station. During this time, he learns that Kurtz is far from admired, but more or less resented (mostly by the manager).
Once underway, the journey up-river to Kurtz's station takes two months to the day. The steamboat stops briefly near an abandoned hut on the riverbank, where Marlow finds a pile of wood and a note indicating that the wood is for them and that they should proceed quickly but with caution as they near the Inner Station.
The Roi des Belges ("King of the Belgians"—French), the Belgian riverboat Conrad commanded on the upper Congo, 1889
The journey pauses for the night about eight miles below the Inner Station. In the morning the crew awakens to find that the boat is enveloped by a thick white fog. From the riverbank they hear a very loud cry, followed by a discordant clamour. A few hours later, as safe navigation becomes increasingly difficult, the steamboat is attacked with a barrage of small arrows from the forest. The helmsman is impaled by a spear and falls at Marlow's feet. Marlow sounds the steam whistle repeatedly, frightening the attackers and causing the shower of arrows to cease. Marlow and a pilgrim watch the helmsman die. In a flash forward, Marlow notes that the International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs had commissioned Kurtz to write a report, which he did eloquently. A handwritten postscript, apparently added later by Kurtz, reads "Exterminate all the brutes!" (Conrad 83).
At Kurtz's station Marlow sees a man on the riverbank waving his arm, urging them to land. The pilgrims, heavily armed, escort the manager on to the shore to retrieve Mr. Kurtz. The man from the bank boards the steamboat, and turns out to be a Russian wanderer who had happened to stray into Kurtz's camp. He explains that he had left the wood and the note at the abandoned hut. Through conversation Marlow discovers just how wanton Kurtz can be; how the natives worship him; and how very ill he has been of late. The Russian admires Kurtz for his intellect and his insights into love, life, and justice, and suggests that he is a poet. He tells of how Kurtz opened his mind, and seems to admire him even for his power—and for his willingness to use it. Marlow, on the other hand, suggests that Kurtz has gone mad.
From the steamboat, Marlow observes the station in detail and is surprised to see near the station house a row of posts topped with the severed heads of natives. Around the corner of the house, the manager appears with the pilgrims, bearing a gaunt and ghost-like Kurtz on an improvised stretcher. The area fills with natives, apparently ready for battle, but Kurtz shouts something from the stretcher, and the natives retreat into the forest. The pilgrims carry Kurtz to the steamer and lay him in one of the cabins, where he and the manager have a private conversation. Marlow watches a beautiful native woman walk in measured steps along the shore and stop next to the steamer. When the manager exits the cabin he pulls Marlow aside and tells him that Kurtz has harmed the Company's business in the region, that his methods are "unsound". Later, the Russian reveals that Kurtz believes the Company wants to remove him from the station and kill him, and Marlow confirms that hangings had been discussed.
Léon Rom, photographed c. 1880, who some have argued served as the inspiration for Kurtz
After midnight, Marlow discovers that Kurtz has left his cabin on the steamer and returned to shore. He goes ashore and finds a very weak Kurtz crawling his way back to the station house, though not too weak to call to the natives for help. Marlow threatens to harm Kurtz if he raises an alarm, but Kurtz only laments that he had not accomplished more in the region. The next day they prepare for their journey back down the river. The natives, including the ornately dressed woman, once again assemble on shore and begin to shout unintelligibly. Noticing the pilgrims readying their rifles, Marlow sounds the steam whistle repeatedly to scatter the crowd of natives. Only the woman remains unmoved, with outstretched arms. The pilgrims open fire as the current carries them swiftly downstream.
Kurtz's health worsens on the return trip, and Marlow himself becomes increasingly ill. The steamboat breaks down and, while it is stopped for repairs, Kurtz gives Marlow a packet of papers, including his commissioned report and a photograph, telling him to keep them away from the manager. When Marlow next speaks with him, Kurtz is near death; as he dies, Marlow hears him weakly whisper: "The horror! The horror!" (Conrad 116). A short while later, the "manager's boy" announces to the rest of the crew, in a scathing tone, "Mistah Kurtz—he dead" (Conrad 117). The next day Marlow pays little attention to the pilgrims as they bury "something" in a muddy hole (Conrad 117). He falls very ill, himself near death.
Upon his return to Europe, Marlow is embittered and contemptuous of the "civilised" world. Many callers come to retrieve the papers Kurtz had entrusted to him, but Marlow withholds them or offers papers he knows they have no interest in. He then gives Kurtz's report to a journalist, for publication if he sees fit. Finally Marlow is left with some personal letters and a photograph of Kurtz's fiancée, whom Kurtz referred to as "My Intended" (Conrad 79). When Marlow visits her, she is dressed in black and still deep in mourning, although it has been more than a year since Kurtz's death. She presses Marlow for information, asking him to repeat Kurtz's final words. Uncomfortable, Marlow lies and tells her that Kurtz's final word was her name.
Reception[edit]
Literary critic Harold Bloom wrote that Heart of Darkness had been analysed more than any other work of literature that is studied in universities and colleges, which he attributed to Conrad's "unique propensity for ambiguity". However, it was not a big success during Conrad's life.[12][13] When it was published as a single volume in 1902 with two more novellas, "Youth" and "The End of the Tether", it received the least commentary from critics.[13] F. R. Leavis referred to Heart of Darkness as a "minor work" and criticised its "adjectival insistence upon inexpressible and incomprehensible mystery".[14] Conrad himself did not consider it to be particularly notable.[13] By the 1960s, though, it was a standard assignment in many college and high school English courses.
In King Leopold's Ghost (1998), Adam Hochschild wrote that literary scholars have made too much of the psychological aspects of Heart of Darkness, while paying scant attention to Conrad's accurate recounting of the horror arising from the methods and effects of colonialism in the Congo Free State. "Heart of Darkness is experience ... pushed a little (and only very little) beyond the actual facts of the case."[15] Other critiques include Hugh Curtler's Achebe on Conrad: Racism and Greatness in Heart of Darkness (1997).[16] Moving beyond ideology critique, French philosopher Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe called Heart of Darkness "one of the greatest texts of Western literature" and used Conrad's tale for a reflection on "The Horror of the West".[17]
Chinua Achebe's 1975 lecture on the book sparked decades of debate.
Heart of Darkness is criticised in postcolonial studies,[18] particularly by Nigerian novelist Chinua Achebe.[19] In his 1975 public lecture "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness", Achebe described Conrad's novella as "an offensive and deplorable book" that de-humanised Africans.[20] Achebe argued that Conrad, "blinkered ... with xenophobia", incorrectly depicted Africa as the antithesis of Europe and civilisation, ignoring the artistic accomplishments of the Fang people who lived in the Congo River basin at the time of the book's publication. Since the book promoted and continues to promote a prejudiced image of Africa that "depersonalises a portion of the human race", he concluded that it should not be considered a great work of art.[21][18]
Zimbabwean scholar Rino Zhuwarara broadly agreed with Achebe, though considered it important to be "sensitised to how peoples of other nations perceive Africa".[22] In 2003, Botswanan scholar Peter Mwikisa concluded the book was "the great lost opportunity to depict dialogue between Africa and Europe."[23] In 1983, British academic Cedric Watts published an essay expressing indignation at his perceived implication of Achebe's criticism: that only black people may accurately analyse and assess the novella. Stan Galloway writes, in a comparison of Heart of Darkness with Jungle Tales of Tarzan, "The inhabitants [of both works], whether antagonists or compatriots, were clearly imaginary and meant to represent a particular fictive cipher and not a particular African people."[24]
Fellow novelist Caryl Phillips stated after a 2003 interview: "Achebe is right; to the African reader the price of Conrad's eloquent denunciation of colonisation is the recycling of racist notions of the 'dark' continent and her people. Those of us who are not from Africa may be prepared to pay this price, but this price is far too high for Achebe."[25] More recent critics have stressed that the "continuities" between Conrad and Achebe are profound and that a form of "postcolonial mimesis" ties the two authors.[26]
Adaptations and influences[edit]
Radio and stage plays[edit]
Orson Welles adapted and starred in Heart of Darkness in a CBS Radio broadcast on 6 November 1938 as part of his series, The Mercury Theatre on the Air. In 1939 Welles adapted the story for his first film for RKO Pictures, writing a screenplay with John Houseman. It was intended to be entirely filmed as a POV from Marlow's eyes. Welles even filmed a short presentation film illustrating his intent. It has been reported as lost to history. The project was never realised; one reason given was the loss of European markets after the outbreak of war. Welles still hoped to produce the film when he presented another radio adaptation of the story as his first program as producer-star of the CBS radio series This Is My Best. Welles scholar Bret Wood called the broadcast of 13 March 1945, "the closest representation of the film Welles might have made, crippled, of course, by the absence of the story's visual elements (which were so meticulously designed) and the half-hour length of the broadcast."[27]:95, 153–156,136–137
In 1991, Australian author and playwright Larry Buttrose wrote and staged a theatrical production of Kurtz (based on Heart of Darkness) with the Crossroads Theatre Company, Sydney.[28] The play was announced to be broadcast as a radio play to Australian radio audiences in August 2011 by the Vision Australia Radio Network,[29] and also by the RPH – Radio Print Handicapped Network across Australia.
In 2011, an operatic adaptation by composer Tarik O'Regan and librettist Tom Phillips was premiered at the Linbury Theatre of the Royal Opera House in London.[30] A suite for orchestra and narrator was subsequently extrapolated from it.[31]
In 2015, an adaption of Orson Welles' screenplay by Jamie Lloyd and Laurence Bowen was aired on BBC Radio 4.[32] The production starred James McAvoy as Marlow.
Film and television[edit]
The CBS television anthology Playhouse 90 aired a 90-minute loose adaptation in 1958. This version, written by Stewart Stern, uses the encounter between Marlow (Roddy McDowall) and Kurtz (Boris Karloff) as its final act, and adds a backstory in which Marlow had been Kurtz's adopted son. The cast includes Inga Swenson and Eartha Kitt.[33]
The most famous adaptation is Francis Ford Coppola's 1979 motion picture Apocalypse Now based on the screenplay by John Milius, which moves the story from the Congo to Vietnam and Cambodia during the Vietnam War.[34] In Apocalypse Now, Martin Sheen plays Captain Benjamin L. Willard, a US Army Captain assigned to "terminate the command" of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz. Marlon Brando played Kurtz, in one of his most famous roles. A production documentary of the film, titled Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse, exposed some of the major difficulties which director Coppola faced in seeing the movie through to completion. The difficulties that Coppola and his crew faced mirrored some of the themes of the book.
On 13 March 1993 TNT aired a new version of the story directed by Nicolas Roeg, starring Tim Roth as Marlow and John Malkovich as Kurtz.[35]
Video games[edit]
The video game Far Cry 2, released on 21 October 2008, is a loose modernised adaptation of Heart of Darkness. The player assumes the role of a mercenary operating in Africa whose task it is to kill an arms dealer, the elusive "Jackal". The last area of the game is called 'The Heart of Darkness'.[36][37][38]
The video game Spec Ops: The Line, released on 26 June 2012, is a direct modernised adaptation of Heart of Darkness. The character John Konrad, who replaces the character Kurtz, is a reference to the author of the novella.[39]
Victoria II, a grand strategy game produced by Paradox Interactive, launched an expansion pack titled "Heart of Darkness" on 16 April 2013, which revamped the game's colonial system, and naval warfare.[40]
Literature[edit]
The novel Hearts of Darkness, by Paul Lawrence, moves the events of the novel to England in 1666. Marlow's journey into the jungle is reimagined as the journey of the narrator, Harry Lytle, and his friend Davy Dowling out of London and towards Shyam, a plague-stricken town that has descended into cruelty and barbarism loosely modelled on real-life Eyam. While Marlow must return to civilisation with Kurtz, Lytle and Dowling are searching for the spy James Josselin. Like Kurtz, Josselin's reputation is immense, and the protagonists are well-acquainted with his accomplishments by the time they finally meet him.[41]
Poet Yedda Morrison's 2012 book Darkness erases Conrad's novella, "whiting out" his text so that only images of the natural world remain.[42]
James Reich's Mistah Kurtz! A Prelude to Heart of Darkness presents the early life of Kurtz, his appointment to his station in the Congo, and his messianic disintegration in a novel that dovetails with the conclusion of Conrad's novella. Reich's novel is premised upon the papers Kurtz leaves to Marlow at the end of Heart of Darkness.[43]
T. S. Eliot wrote "Mistah Kurtz—he dead" at the beginning of the poem The Hollow Men, quoting the "manager's boy" when he announced the death of Kurtz to the crew.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Heart of Darkness Novella by Conrad – Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2 August 2015
Jump up ^ Chinua Achebe "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness" in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, vol. 2 (7th edition) (2000), p. 2036.
Jump up ^ The Norton Anthology, 7th edition, (2000), p. 1957.
Jump up ^ National Library of Scotland: Blackwoods magazine exhibition
Jump up ^ 100 Best Archived 7 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine., Modern Library's website. Retrieved 12 January 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Bloom 2009, p. 15
Jump up ^ Karl & Davies 1986, p. 407
Jump up ^ Karl & Davies 1986, p. 417
Jump up ^ Bloom 2009, p. 16
Jump up ^ Hochschild, Adam (1998). King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa. New York: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 98, 145. ISBN 0-395-75924-2 – via Google Books.
Jump up ^ Ankomah, Baffour (October 1999). "The Butcher of Congo". New African.
Jump up ^ Bloom 2009, p. 17
^ Jump up to: a b c Moore 2004, p. 4
Jump up ^ Moore 2004, p. 5
Jump up ^ Hochschild 1999, p. 143
Jump up ^ Curtler, Hugh (March 1997). "Achebe on Conrad: Racism and Greatness in Heart of Darkness". Conradiana. 29 (1): 30–40.
Jump up ^ Lacoue-Labarthe, Philippe. "The Horror of the West". Bloomsbury.
^ Jump up to: a b Podgorski, Daniel (6 October 2015). "A Controversy Worth Teaching: Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness and the Ethics of Stature". The Gemsbok. Your Tuesday Tome. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
Jump up ^ "Chinua Achebe Biography". Biography.com. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Watts, Cedric (1983). "'A Bloody Racist': About Achebe's View of Conrad". The Yearbook of English Studies. 13: 196. doi:10.2307/3508121. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Achebe, Chinua (1978). "An Image of Africa". Research in African Literatures. doi:10.2307/3818468. Retrieved 13 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Moore 2004, p. 6
Jump up ^ Mwikisa, Peter. "Conrad's Image of Africa: Recovering African Voices in Heart of Darkness. Mots Pluriels 13 (April 2000): 20–28.
Jump up ^ Galloway, Stan. The Teenage Tarzan: A Literary Analysis of Edgar Rice Burroughs, Jungle Tales of Tarzan. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2010. p. 112.
Jump up ^ Phillips, Caryl. "Out of Africa". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Lawtoo, Nidesh (2013). "A Picture of Africa: Frenzy, Counternarrative, Mimesis". Modern Fiction Studies. 59 (1): 26–52. doi:10.1353/mfs.2013.0000.
Jump up ^ Wood, Bret, Orson Welles: A Bio-Bibliography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1990 ISBN 0-313-26538-0
Jump up ^ "Larry Buttrose". doollee.com.
Jump up ^ "Vision Australia". Visionaustralia.org. Archived from the original on 1 August 2012. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Royal Opera House Page for Heart of Darkness Archived 20 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine. by Tarik O'Regan and Tom Phillips
Jump up ^ Suite from Heart of Darkness first London performance, Cadogan Hall, retrieved 17 June 2015
Jump up ^ "Orson Welles' Heart of Darkness, Unmade Movies, Drama – BBC Radio 4". BBC. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
Jump up ^ Cast and credits are available at "The Internet Movie Database". Retrieved 2 December 2010. A full recording of the show can be viewed onsite by members of the public upon request at The Paley Center for Media (formerly the Museum of Television & Radio) in New York City and Los Angeles.
Jump up ^ Scott, A. O. (3 August 2001). "Aching Heart of Darkness". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 September 2008.
Jump up ^ Tucker, Ken. Heart of Darkness. Entertainment Weekly, 11 March 1994. Retrieved 4 April 2010.
Jump up ^ Mikel Reparaz (30 July 2007). "The Darkness". GamesRadar+.
Jump up ^ "Africa Wins Again: Far Cry 2's literary approach to narrative". Infovore.org. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Far Cry 2 – Jorge Albor – ETC Press". Cmu.edu. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Spec Ops: The Line preview – heart of darkness". Metro.
Jump up ^ "Victoria 2: Heart of Darkness – Paradox Interactive". Paradoxplaza.com. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Hearts of Darkness". Allisonandbusby.com. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Morrison, Yedda. "Yedda Morrison". Yeddamorrison.com. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Hurley, Brian. "Q&A with James Reich, Author of Mistah Kurtz". Retrieved 15 March 2016.
References[edit]
Bloom, Harold, ed. (2009). Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 1438117108.
Hochschild, Adam (October 1999). "Chapter 9: Meeting Mr. Kurtz". King Leopold's Ghost. Mariner Books. pp. 140–149. ISBN 0-618-00190-5.
Karl, Frederick R.; Davies, Laurence, eds. (1986). The Collected Letters of Joseph Conrad – Volume 2: 1898 – 1902. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-25748-4.
Moore, Gene M., ed. (2004). Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness: A Casebook. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195159969.
Murfin, Ross C., ed. (1989). Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness. A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-00761-2.
Sherry, Norman (30 June 1980). Conrad's Western World. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-29808-3.
Further reading[edit]
Farn, Regelind Colonial and Postcolonial Rewritings of "Heart of Darkness" – A Century of Dialogue with Joseph Conrad (2004). A dissertation.
Firchow, P. Envisioning Africa: Racism and Imperialism in Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2000).
Lawtoo, Nidesh, ed. Conrad's Heart of Darkness and Contemporary Thought: Revisiting the Horror with Lacoue-Labarthe (London: Bloomsbury, 2012).
Parry, Benita Conrad and Imperialism (London: Macmillan, 1983).
Said, Edward W. Joseph Conrad and the Fiction of Autobiography (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1966) [no ISBN].
Watts, Cedric Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness': A Critical and Contextual Discussion (Milan: Mursia International, 1977).
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Heart of Darkness
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Heart of Darkness
Heart of Darkness at Project Gutenberg
Animated Serialized Adaptation of Heart of Darkness on Instagram
Heart of Darkness on In Our Time at the BBC.
Downloadable audio book of Heart of Darkness by LoudLit.org
Heart of Darkness public domain audiobook at LibriVox
Orson Welles' Mercury Theatre on the Air audio books, also of Heart of Darkness
Orson Welles Mercury Theatre 1938, also of Heart of Darkness
This Is My Best — Heart of Darkness (13 March 1945) at the Paley Center for Media
Heart of Darkness Map
[show]
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Works by Joseph Conrad
Novels and
novellas
Almayer's Folly
An Outcast of the Islands
The Nigger of the 'Narcissus'
Heart of Darkness
The End of the Tether
Lord Jim
The Inheritors
Typhoon
Romance
Nostromo
The Secret Agent
Under Western Eyes
Freya of the Seven Isles
Chance
Victory
The Shadow Line
The Arrow of Gold
The Rescue
The Nature of a Crime
The Rover
Suspense
Short stories
"The Idiots"
"An Outpost of Progress"
"The Lagoon"
"Youth"
"Amy Foster"
"The Secret Sharer"
Other works
The Inheritors (1901)
Romance (1903)
A Personal Record
Last Essays
Adaptations
Victory (1919)
Lord Jim (1925)
The Silver Treasure (1926)
Dangerous Paradise (1930)
Sabotage (1936)
Victory (1940)
Outcast of the Islands (1951)
Lord Jim (1965)
The Rover (1967)
The Duellists (1977)
Apocalypse Now (1979)
Heart of Darkness (1993)
Victory (1996)
The Secret Agent (1996)
Nostromo (1997 TV)
Gabrielle (2005)
Almayer's Folly (2011)
Hanyut (2014)
Spec Ops: The Line
The Secret Agent
[show]
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Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness
Adaptations
Apocalypse Now (1979 film)
Heart of Darkness (1993 film)
Apocalypse Now Redux (2001 film)
Heart of Darkness (2011 opera)
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Charles Marlow
International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs
Cannibal Women in the Avocado Jungle of Death
Shatterpoint
"An Image of Africa"
Hearts of Darkness: A Filmmaker's Apocalypse
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