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Lists of earthquakes
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Earthquakes (M6.0+) between 1900 and 2017
The following is a list of earthquake lists, and of top earthquakes by magnitude and fatalities.
Contents
1 Lists by period
2 Lists by country
3 Lists by region
4 Largest earthquakes by year
5 Largest earthquakes by magnitude
6 Largest earthquakes by country/territory
7 Costliest earthquakes
8 Deadliest earthquakes
9 Most studied earthquakes
10 See also
11 References
12 External links
Lists by period[edit]
Before 1901
1901–2000
2001–present
Lists by country[edit]
Afghanistan
Algeria
Argentina
Mendoza Province
Armenia
Australia
Azerbaijan
Azores, autonomous region of Portugal
Bulgaria
Canada
Chile
China
Sichuan Province
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Cyprus
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Fiji
Georgia (country)
Germany
Greece
Guam
Guatemala
Haiti
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Italy
Japan
Mexico
Nepal
Netherlands
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Pakistan
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
Romania
Vrancea County
Russia
Samoa
Saudi Arabia
South Africa
South Korea
Spain
Tajikistan
Taiwan
Tonga
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Alaska
California
Hawaii
Illinois
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Washington
Vanuatu
Venezuela
Yemen
Lists by region[edit]
Caribbean
Levant
South Asia
Largest earthquakes by year[edit]
These are the largest or most notable earthquakes per year since the start of the 21st century.
Year
Magnitude
Death toll
Location / Name
Date
2018* 7.9 0 United States January 23
2017 7000820009999999999♠8.2 7001980000000000000♠98 Mexico September 8
2016 7000780000000000000♠7.8 7002676000000000000♠676 Ecuador April 16
2015 7000830000000000000♠8.3 7001140000000000000♠14 Chile September 16
2014 7000820009999999999♠8.2 7000600000000000000♠6 Chile April 1
2013 7000830000000000000♠8.3 5000000000000000000♠0 Russia May 24
2012 7000860000000000000♠8.6 7001100000000000000♠10 Indonesia, Indian Ocean April 11
2011 7000910000000000000♠9.1 7004208960000000000♠20,896 Japan March 11
2010 7000880000000000000♠8.8 7002525000000000000♠525 Chile February 27
2009 7000810000000000000♠8.1 7002192000000000000♠192 Samoa September 29
2008 7000790000000000000♠7.9 7004875870000000000♠87,587 China May 12
2007 7000850000000000000♠8.5 7001230000000000000♠23 Indonesia September 12
2006 7000830000000000000♠8.3 5000000000000000000♠0 Russia November 15
2005 7000860000000000000♠8.6 7003130000000000000♠1,300 Indonesia March 28
2004 7000920000000099999♠9.2 7005227898000000000♠227,898 Indonesia, Indian Ocean December 26
2003 7000830000000000000♠8.3 5000000000000000000♠0 Japan September 25
2002 7000790000000000000♠7.9 5000000000000000000♠0 United States November 3
2001 7000840000000000000♠8.4 7002100000000000000♠100 Peru June 23
Largest earthquakes by magnitude[edit]
A pie chart comparing the seismic moment release of the three largest earthquakes for the hundred-year period from 1906 to 2005 with that for all earthquakes of magnitudes <6, 6 to 7, 7 to 8 and >8 for the same period. Notably, the 2011 Japan quake would be roughly similar to Sumatra.
Earthquakes of magnitude 8.0 and greater since 1900. The apparent 3D volumes of the bubbles are linearly proportional to their respective fatalities.[1] The colour indicates the continent, and the legend counts the number of quakes for each. Notice the absence of Africa.
Listed below are all the 36 known earthquakes with an estimated magnitude of 8.5 or higher since the year 1500. Limited to a timeframe with enough data, this gives a rough estimate of its frequency per century. (The timeframe does not include outlying events like the earlier 1361 Shōhei earthquake and 869 Sanriku earthquake, both estimated to have magnitude ≥ 8.5.)
Prior to the development and deployment of seismographs – starting around 1900 – magnitudes can only be estimated, based on historical reports of the extent and severity of damage.[2]
Rank
Date
Location
Event
Magnitude
1
May 22, 1960 Valdivia, Chile 1960 Valdivia earthquake 9.4–9.6
2
March 27, 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States 1964 Alaska earthquake 9.2
3
December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake 9.1–9.3
4
March 11, 2011 Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan 2011 Tōhoku earthquake 9.1[3]
5
November 4, 1952 Kamchatka, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union 1952 Kamchatka earthquakes 9.0[4]
6
August 13, 1868 Arica, Chile (then Peru) 1868 Arica earthquake 8.5–9.0 (est.)
7
January 26, 1700 Pacific Ocean, USA and Canada (then claimed by the Spanish Empire and the British Empire) 1700 Cascadia earthquake 8.7–9.2 (est.)
8
April 2, 1762 Chittagong, Bangladesh (then Kingdom of Mrauk U) 1762 Arakan earthquake 8.8 (est.)
9
November 25, 1833 Sumatra, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) 1833 Sumatra earthquake 8.8 (est.)
10
January 31, 1906 Ecuador – Colombia 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake 8.8[5]
11
February 27, 2010 Offshore Maule, Chile 2010 Chile earthquake 8.8[5]
12
August 15, 1950 Assam, India – Tibet, China 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake 8.7
13
October 28, 1707 Pacific Ocean, Shikoku region, Japan 1707 Hōei earthquake 8.7–9.3 (est.)
14
July 8, 1730 Valparaiso, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1730 Valparaiso earthquake 8.7 (est.)[6]
15
November 1, 1755 Atlantic Ocean, Lisbon, Portugal 1755 Lisbon earthquake 8.5–9.0
16
February 4, 1965 Rat Islands, Alaska, United States 1965 Rat Islands earthquake 8.7
17
October 28, 1746 Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake 8.6 (est.)
18
March 28, 1787 Oaxaca, Mexico (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1787 Mexico earthquake 8.6 (est.)
19
March 9, 1957 Andreanof Islands, Alaska, United States 1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake 8.6[5]
20
March 28, 2005 Sumatra, Indonesia 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake 8.6[5]
21
April 11, 2012 Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia 2012 Aceh earthquake 8.6
22
December 16, 1575 Valdivia, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1575 Valdivia earthquake 8.5 (est.)
23
November 24, 1604 Arica, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1604 Arica earthquake 8.5 (est.)
24
May 13, 1647 Santiago, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1647 Santiago earthquake 8.5 (est.)
25
May 24, 1751 Concepción, Chile (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1751 Concepción earthquake 8.5 (est.)
26
November 19, 1822 Valparaíso, Chile 1822 Valparaíso earthquake 8.5 (est.)
27
February 20, 1835 Concepción, Chile 1835 Concepción earthquake 8.5 (est.)
28
February 16, 1861 Sumatra, Indonesia 1861 Sumatra earthquake 8.5
29
May 9, 1877 Iquique, Chile (then Peru) 1877 Iquique earthquake 8.5 (est.)
30
November 10, 1922 Atacama Region, Chile Catamarca Province, Argentina 1922 Vallenar earthquake 8.5[7]
31
February 1, 1938 Banda Sea, Indonesia (then part of the Dutch East Indies) 1938 Banda Sea earthquake 8.5[5]
32
October 13, 1963 Kuril Islands, Russia (USSR) 1963 Kuril Islands earthquake 8.5[5]
33
September 12, 2007 Sumatra, Indonesia 2007 Sumatra earthquakes 8.5[5]
34
October 20, 1687 Lima, Peru (then part of the Spanish Empire) 1687 Peru earthquake 8.5 (est.)
35
October 17, 1737 Kamchatka, Russia 1737 Kamchatka earthquakes 8.5 (est.)
36
June 15, 1896 Pacific Ocean, Tōhoku region, Japan 1896 Sanriku earthquake 8.5 (est.)
Statistics are,
Century
Number with
magnitude ≥ 8.5
1501-1600 1
1601-1700 4
1701-1800 8
1801-1900 7
1901-2000 10
2001–present 6
Total 36
Note that historical records are known to be incomplete. Earthquakes that occurred in remote areas prior to the advent of modern instrumentation in the early to mid 1900's were not well-reported, and exact locations and magnitudes of such events are often unknown. Therefore, the apparent increase in large earthquake frequency over the last few centuries is unlikely to be real.
Largest earthquakes by country/territory[edit]
This list is a work in progress. Information is likely to be changed.
Please note, multiple countries could have the same earthquake listed, such as the 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake being listed for both Ecuador and Colombia.
Unless otherwise noted, magnitudes are reported on the Moment magnitude scale (Mw).
Country
Magnitude
Date
More information
Afghanistan 7000780000000000000♠7.8 15 November 1921 [8]
Albania 7000670000000000000♠6.7 30 November 1967 [9]
Algeria 7000710000000000000♠7.1 10 October 1980 1980 El Asnam earthquake
Antarctica 7000810000000000000♠8.1 25 March 1998 [10]
Armenia 7000680000000000000♠6.8 Ms 7 December 1988 1988 Armenian earthquake
Argentina 7000750000000000000♠7.5 27 October 1894 1894 San Juan earthquake
Australia 7000670000000000000♠6.7 22 January 1988 [11]
Austria 7000550000000000000♠5.5–6.0 15 September 1590 1590 Neulengbach earthquake
Azerbaijan 7000690000000000000♠6.9 25 November 1667 1667 Shamakhi earthquake
Bangladesh 7000880000000000000♠8.8 2 April 1762 1762 Arakan earthquake
Belgium 7000630000000000000♠6.3 18 September 1692 Epicentre: Verviers[12]
Bhutan 7000660000000000000♠6.6 21 January 1941 [13]
Bolivia 7000820009999999999♠8.2 9 June 1994 1994 Bolivia earthquake
Bosnia and Herzegovina 7000640000000000000♠6.4 27 October 1969 Banja Luka earthquake
Botswana 7000650000000000000♠6.5 3 April 2017 2017 Botswana earthquake
Brazil 7000760000000000000♠7.6 9 November 1963 [14]
British Indian Ocean Territory 7000600000000000000♠6.0 29 April 1952 [15]
Bulgaria 7000720000000000000♠7.2 Ms[16] 4 April 1904 see List of earthquakes in Bulgaria
Burundi 7000530000000000000♠5.3 29 January 1978 [17]
Canada 7000870000000099999♠8.7–9.2 26 January 1700 1700 Cascadia earthquake
Chile 7000940000000000000♠9.4–9.6 22 May 1960 1960 Valdivia earthquake
China 7000860000000000000♠8.6 15 August 1950 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Cocos Islands 7000790000000000000♠7.9 18 June 2000 [18]
Colombia 7000880000000000000♠8.8 31 January 1906 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Comoros 7000600000000000000♠6.0 29 April 1952 [19]
Costa Rica 7000770000000000000♠7.7 22 April 1991 1991 Limon earthquake
Croatia 7000630000000000000♠6.3 ML 9 November 1880 1880 Zagreb earthquake
Cuba 7000750000000000000♠7.5–7.9 Ms[20][21] 21 June 1900 List of earthquakes in Cuba[20]
Cyprus 7000700000000000000♠7.0 11 May 1222 1222 Cyprus earthquake
Czech Republic 7000480000000000000♠4.8 23 December 1985 [22]
Democratic Republic of the Congo 7000680000000000000♠6.8 5 December 2005 2005 Lake Tanganyika earthquake
Denmark 7000440000000000000♠4.4[23][24][25] 19 February 2010 Jutland
Djibouti 7000650000000000000♠6.5 20 August 1989 [26]
Dominican Republic 7000810000000000000♠8.1 Ms 4 August 1946 1946 Dominican Republic earthquake
Ecuador 7000880000000000000♠8.8 31 January 1906 1906 Ecuador–Colombia earthquake
Egypt 7000730000000000000♠7.3 22 November 1995 1995 Gulf of Aqaba earthquake
El Salvador 7000800000000000000♠8.0 19 December 1862 [27]
Eritrea 7000620000000000000♠6.2 23 September 1915 [28]
Estonia 7000470000000000000♠4.7 25 October 1976 1976 Osmussaare earthquake
Ethiopia 7000650000000000000♠6.5 30 June 1919 [29]
Finland 7000470000000000000♠4.7 4 November 1898 Tornio, 66.2°N, 25.0°E[30]
Fiji 7000780000000000000♠7.8 1 January 1919 [31]
France 7000620000000000000♠6.2 11 June 1909 1909 Provence earthquake
Gabon 7000620000000000000♠6.2 23 September 1974 [32]
Germany 7000610000000000000♠6.1 18 February 1756 1756 Düren earthquake
Georgia 7000700000000000000♠7.0 29 April 1991 1991 Racha earthquake
Ghana 7000640000000000000♠6.4 22 June 1939 [33]
Greece 7000850000000000000♠8.5+ 21 July 365 365 Crete earthquake
Guam 7000780000000000000♠7.8 8 August 1993 [34]
Guatemala 7000770000000000000♠7.7 6 August 1942 1942 Guatemala earthquake
Guyana 7000530000000000000♠5.3 22 January 1976 [35]
Guinea 7000630000000000000♠6.3 22 December 1983 1983 Guinea earthquake[36]
Haiti 7000810000000000000♠8.1 Ms 7 May 1842 1842 Cap-Haïtien earthquake
Honduras 7000750000000000000♠7.5 10 January 2018 2018 Swan Islands earthquake
Hungary 7000630000000000000♠6.3 ML 28 June 1763 1763 Komárom earthquake
Iceland 7000690000000000000♠6.9 28 March 1963 [37]
India 7000860000000000000♠8.6 15 August 1950 1950 Assam–Tibet earthquake
Indonesia 7000910000000000000♠9.1–9.3 26 December 2004 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
Iran 7000790000000000000♠7.9 Ms 22 December 856 856 Damghan earthquake
Iraq 7000580000000000000♠5.8 18 December 1980 [38]
Israel 7000630000000000000♠6.3 11 July 1927 1927 Jericho earthquake
Italy 7000740000000000000♠7.4 11 January 1693 1693 Sicily earthquake
Japan 7000910000000000000♠9.1 11 March 2011 2011 Tōhoku earthquake
Jordan 7000630000000000000♠6.3 11 July 1927 1927 Jericho earthquake
Kazakhstan 7000770000000000000♠7.7 3 January 1911 1911 Kebin earthquake
Kenya 7000700000000000000♠7.0 6 January 1928 [39]
Kyrgyzstan 7000770000000000000♠7.7 3 January 1911 1911 Kebin earthquake
Laos 7000690000000000000♠6.9 24 June 1983 [40]
Lebanon 7000750000000000000♠7.5 9 July 551 551 Beirut earthquake
Libya 7000680000000000000♠6.8 19 April 1935 [41]
Macedonia 7000610000000000000♠6.1 26 July 1963 1963 Skopje earthquake
Madagascar 7000560000000099999♠5.6 21 April 1991 [42]
Malawi 7000620000000000000♠6.2 10 March 1989 [43]
Malaysia 7000620000000000000♠6.2 26 July 1976 1976 Sabah earthquake
Malta 7000740000000000000♠7.4 11 January 1693 1693 Sicily earthquake [44]
Mauritius 7000670000000000000♠6.7 26 July 1976 [45]
Mayotte 7000600000000000000♠6.0 29 April 1952 [46]
Mexico 7000860000000000000♠8.6 28 March 1787 1787 Mexico earthquake
Micronesia 7000710000000000000♠7.1 15 November 1929 [47]
Mongolia 7000840000000000000♠8.4 23 July 1905 1905 Bolnai earthquake
Montenegro 7000690000000000000♠6.9 15 April 1979 1979 Montenegro earthquake
Morocco 7000630000000000000♠6.3 24 February 2004 2004 Al Hoceima earthquake
Mozambique 7000700000000000000♠7.0 22 February 2006 2006 Mozambique earthquake
Myanmar 7000800000000000000♠8.0 12 September 1946 [48]
Namibia 7000510000000099999♠5.1 31 July 2009 [49]
Nepal 7000820009999999999♠8.2–8.8 (Estimated) 6 June 1505 1505 Lo Mustang earthquake
Netherlands 7000530000000000000♠5.3 13 April 1992 1992 Roermond earthquake
New Zealand 7000830000000000000♠8.3 23 January 1855 1855 Wairarapa earthquake
Nicaragua 7000770000000000000♠7.7 2 September 1992 1992 Nicaragua earthquake
North Korea 7000630000000000000♠6.3 19 March 1952 [50]
Northern Mariana Islands 7000770000000000000♠7.7 29 July 2016 [51]
Norway 7000620000000000000♠6.2 21 February 2008 2008 Svalbard earthquake (no)
Pakistan 7000810000000000000♠8.1 28 November 1945 1945 Balochistan earthquake
Palau 7000780000000000000♠7.8 16 August 1911 [52]
Panama 7000750000000000000♠7.5 18 July 1934 [53]
Papua New Guinea 7000810000000000000♠8.1 26 July 1971 1971 Solomon Islands earthquakes
Paraguay 7000650000000000000♠6.5 28 February 1989 [54]
Peru 7000860000000000000♠8.6 28 October 1746 1746 Lima–Callao earthquake
Philippines 7000830000000000000♠8.3 15 August 1918 1918 Celebes Sea earthquake
Poland 7000580000000000000♠5.8 6 August 1983 near Głogów [55]
Portugal 7000850000000000000♠8.5–9.0 1 November 1755 1755 Lisbon earthquake
Puerto Rico 7000800000000000000♠8.0 2 May 1787 1787 Boricua earthquake
Réunion 7000530000000000000♠5.3 6 April 2007 [56]
Romania 7000790000000000000♠7.9 26 October 1802 1802 Vrancea earthquake
Rwanda 7000590000000000000♠5.9 3 February 2008 [57]
Russia 7000900000000000000♠9.0 4 November 1952 1952 Kamchatka earthquake
Samoa 7000850000000000000♠8.5 26 June 1917 1917 Samoa earthquake
Saudi Arabia 7000620000000000000♠6.2 11 January 1941 Jizan Region
Serbia 7000550000000000000♠5.5 22 September 1998 1998 Mionica earthquake
Slovenia 7000560000000099999♠5.6 12 April 1998 [58]
Solomon Islands 7000810000000000000♠8.1 1 April 2007 2007 Solomon Islands earthquake
Somalia 7000560000000099999♠5.6 3 July 1951 [59]
South Africa 7000630000000000000♠6.3 29 September 1969
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 7000810000000000000♠8.1 27 June 1929 [60]
South Korea 7000540000000000000♠5.4 12 September 2016 2016 Gyeongju earthquake
South Sudan 7000720000000000000♠7.2 20 May 1990 [61]
Spain 7000780000000000000♠7.8 29 March 1954 [62]
Sweden 7000480000000000000♠4.8 ML 14 July 1986 Skultorp, Västra Götaland[63]
Switzerland 7000650000000000000♠6.5 18 October 1356 1356 Basel earthquake
Syria 7000760000000000000♠7.6 20 May 1202 1202 Syria earthquake
Taiwan 7000820009999999999♠8.2 5 June 1920 [64]
Tajikistan 7000750000000000000♠7.5 10 July 1949 1949 Khait earthquake
Tanzania 7000730000000000000♠7.3 13 December 1910 [65]
Thailand 7000610000000000000♠6.1 5 May 2014 2014 Mae Lao earthquake
Tonga 7000810000000000000♠8.1 30 April 1919 [66]
Trinidad-and-Tobago 7000670000000000000♠6.7 22 April 1997 [67]
Tunisia 7000550000000000000♠5.5 20 February 1957 [68]
Turkey 7000780000000000000♠7.8 27 December 1939 1939 Erzincan earthquake
Turkmenistan 7000730000000000000♠7.3 5 October 1948 1948 Ashgabat earthquake
Uganda 7000650000000000000♠6.5 30 June 1952 [69]
Ukraine 7000670000000000000♠6.7 11 September 1927 1927 Crimean earthquakes
United Kingdom 7000610000000000000♠6.1 ML 7 June 1931 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake
United States 7000920000000099999♠9.2 27 March 1964 1964 Alaska earthquake
Uruguay 7000550000000000000♠5.5 5 June 1888 1888 Rio de la Plata earthquake
Uzbekistan 7000700000000000000♠7.0 19 March 1984 [70]
Vanuatu 7000810000000000000♠8.1 20 September 1920 [71]
Venezuela 7000760000000000000♠7.6 29 October 1900 [72]
Vietnam 7000670000000000000♠6.7 1 June 1935 [73]
Yemen 7000630000000000000♠6.3 13 December 1982 1982 North Yemen earthquake
Zambia 7000670000000000000♠6.7 1 May 1919 [74]
Costliest earthquakes[edit]
This is a list or major earthquakes by the dollar value of property (public and private) losses directly attributable to the earthquake. Rank values are assigned based on inflation-adjusted comparison of property damage in US dollars. Wherever possible, indirect and socioeconomic losses are excluded. Please note that damage estimates for particular earthquakes may vary through time as more data becomes available.
Rank
Event
Location
Magnitude
Property damage
1
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami Japan 9.1[3] $235 billion[75][76]
2
1995 Great Hanshin earthquake Japan 6.9 $200 billion[77]
3
2008 Sichuan earthquake Sichuan, China 8.0 $86 billion[78]
4
1994 Northridge earthquake Los Angeles, United States 6.7 $13–44 billion
5
1980 Irpinia earthquake Italy 6.9[79] $15 billion[79]
6
1976 Tangshan earthquake Hebei, China 7.8 $10 billion[80]
7
2011 Christchurch earthquake South Island, New Zealand 6.3[81] $15–40 billion[82][83]
8
2004 Chūetsu earthquake Japan 6.8 $28 billion[79][84]
9
1999 İzmit earthquake Turkey 7.6 $20 billion[79]
10
2010 Chile earthquake Chile 8.8[85] $15–30 billion[85]
11
2012 Emilia earthquakes Italy 6.1[86] $15.8 billion[87]
12
1999 Jiji earthquake Taiwan 7.6 $10 billion
13
April 2015 Nepal earthquake Nepal 7.8 $10 billion to rebuild.[88]
14
1906 San Francisco earthquake San Francisco, United States 7.7 to 7.9 (est.)[86] $400 million[86]
15
1923 Great Kantō earthquake Tokyo, Japan 7.9 $600 million[79]
16
1989 Loma Prieta earthquake California, United States 6.9 $5.6–6 billion
Deadliest earthquakes[edit]
Main article: List of natural disasters by death toll § Deadliest_earthquakes
The following is a summary list of earthquakes with over approximately 100,000 deaths:
Deadliest earthquakes[89]
Rank
Event
Date
Location
Fatalities
Magnitude
Notes
1
1556 Shaanxi earthquake January 23, 1556 Shaanxi, China 820,000–830,000 [90] 8.0 Estimated death toll in Shaanxi, China
2
1976 Tangshan earthquake July 28, 1976 Hebei, China 242,769–700,000+ [91][92][93] 7.8
3
1920 Haiyuan earthquake December 16, 1920 Ningxia–Gansu, China 273,400[91][94] 7.8 Major fractures, landslides.
4
526 Antioch earthquake May 21, 526 Antioch, Turkey (then Byzantine Empire) 250,000[95] 7.0 [96] Procopius (II.14.6), sources based on John of Ephesus.
5
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake December 26, 2004 Indian Ocean, Sumatra, Indonesia 227,898 9.1–9.3 Deaths from earthquake and resulting tsunami.
6
1138 Aleppo earthquake October 11, 1138 Aleppo, Syria 230,000 Unknown The figure of 230,000 dead is based on a historical conflation of this earthquake with earthquakes in November 1137 on the Jazira plain and on September 30, 1139 in the Azerbaijani city of Ganja. The first mention of a 230,000 death toll was by Ibn Taghribirdi in the fifteenth century.[97]
7
2010 Haiti earthquake January 12, 2010 Haiti 100,000–316,000 7.0 Estimates vary from 316,000 (Haitian government) to 222,570 (UN OCHA estimate)[98] to 158,000 (Medicine, Conflict and Survival) to between 85,000 and 46,000 (report commissioned by USAID).[99][100]
8
1303 Hongdong earthquake September 25, 1303 Shanxi, China 200,000 [101] 8.0 Taiyuan and Pingyang were leveled.
9
856 Damghan earthquake December 22, 856 Damghan, Iran 200,000 7.9 Ms
10
893 Ardabil earthquake March 22, 893 Ardabil, Iran 150,000 Unknown Reports probably relate to the 893 Dvin earthquake, due to misreading of the Arabic word for Dvin, 'Dabil' as 'Ardabil'.[102] This is regarded as a 'fake earthquake'.[103]
11
533 Aleppo earthquake November 29, 533 Syria 130,000[104] Unknown
12
1908 Messina earthquake December 28, 1908 Messina, Italy 123,000[105] 7.1 The ground shook for 30 to 40 seconds around 5:20 am, and destruction occurred within a 300 km radius. 91% of structures in Messina were destroyed and ~70,000 residents died. Rescuers searched for weeks, and whole families were pulled out alive days later. A 40-foot (12 m) tsunami struck nearby coasts. Reggio Calabria on the Italian mainland also suffered heavy damage.
13
1948 Ashgabat earthquake October 6, 1948 Ashgabat, Turkmen SSR (modern-day Turkmenistan) 10,000–110,000 7.3 Ms
14
1923 Great Kantō earthquake September 1, 1923 Kantō region, Japan 105,385[106] 7.9 This earthquake with an epicenter beneath Izu Ōshima Island in Sagami Bay, shook the Kantō plain on the Japanese island of Honshū at 11:58 am. Shaking duration reported between 4 and 10 minutes, devastating Tokyo, Yokohama, Chiba, Kanagawa, and Shizuoka.[107] Shaking slid the 93-ton Great Buddha statue at Kamakura almost two feet forward. Casualty estimates range from 100,000 to 142,800, the latter figure including ~40,000 missing later presumed dead.
15
1290 Chihli earthquake September 27, 1290 Ningcheng, China 100,000[108] 6.8 Ms
Most studied earthquakes[edit]
The 50 most studied earthquakes according to the International Seismological Centre (ISC), based on a count of scientific papers (mostly in English) that discuss that earthquake; subsequent additions are not included in the counts. The "Event #" is linked to the ISC Event Bibliography for that event.
Rank
Event origin time
ISC Event #
Papers
ISC code
Wikipedia article
1
2011-03-11 05:46:23 16461282 1263 TOHOKU2011 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2
2008-05-12 06:27:59 13228125 1088 WENCHUAN2008 2008 Sichuan earthquake
3
2004-12-26 00:58:52 7453151 762 SUMATRA2004 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
4
1999-09-20 17:47:16 1718616 590 CHI-CHI1999 1999 Jiji earthquake
5
1994-01-17 12:30:54 189275 428 NORTHRIDGE1994 1994 Northridge earthquake
6
1995-01-16 20:46:51 124708 412 SHYOGO1995 Great Hanshin earthquake
7
1989-10-18 00:04:14 389808 392 LOMAPRIETA1989 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
8
2009-04-06 01:32:42 13438018 376 LAQUILA2009 2009 L'Aquila earthquake
9
1992-06-28 11:57:35 289086 351 LANDERS1992 1992 Landers earthquake
10
2010-02-27 06:34:13 14340585 337 MAULE2010 2010 Chile earthquake
11
1999-08-17 00:01:38 1655218 332 IZMIT1999 1999 İzmit earthquake
12
1964-03-28 03:36:13 869809 217 ALASKA1964 1964 Alaska earthquake
13
1985-09-19 13:17:50 516095 216 MEXICOCITY1985 1985 Mexico City earthquake
14
1971-02-09 14:00:40 787038 208 SANFERNANDO1971 1971 San Fernando earthquake
15
2001-01-26 03:16:40 1763683 199 BHUJ2001 2001 Gujarat earthquake
16
1960-05-22 19:11:20 879136 186 CHILE1960 1960 Valdivia earthquake
17
1976-07-27 19:42:53 711732 178 TANGSHAN1976 1976 Tangshan earthquake
18
1976-05-06 20:00:12 713583 161 FRIULI1976 1976 Friuli earthquake
19
2015-04-25 06:11:26 607208674 160 GORKHA2015 April 2015 Nepal earthquake
20
2010-09-03 16:35:46 15155483 158 DARFIELD2010 2010 Canterbury earthquake
21
1980-11-23 18:34:52 635924 157 IRPINIA1980 1980 Irpinia earthquake
22
2003-09-25 19:50:07 7134409 156 TOKACHI-0KI2003 2003 Hokkaidō earthquake
23
2004-09-28 17:15:24 7406045 150 PARKFIELD2004 Parkfield earthquake
24
2004-10-23 08:55:58 742105 145 MID-NIIGATA2004 2004 Chūetsu earthquake
25
1999-10-16 09:46:45 1643776 144 HECTOR-MINE1999 1999 Hector Mine earthquake
26
2005-03-28 16:09:35 7486110 143 NIAS2005 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake
27
2001-11-14 09:26:10 2331800 135 KUNLUN2001 2001 Kunlun earthquake
28
1988-12-07 07:41:24 417441 134 ARMENIA1988 1988 Armenian earthquake
29
2013-04-20 00:02:47 607304721 133 LUSHAN2013 2013 Lushan earthquake
30
2012-05-20 02:03:53 601025379 130 EMILIA2012A 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
31
2002-11-03 22:12:41 6123395 127 DENALI2002 2002 Denali earthquake
32
1999-11-12 16:57:19 1650092 124 DUZCE1999 1999 Düzce earthquake
33
2003-12-26 01:56:53 7217667 121 BAM2003 2003 Bam earthquake
34
2005-10-08 03:50:35 7703077 119 KASHMIR2005 2005 Kashmir earthquake
35
2011-02-21 23:51:42 16168897 117 CHRISTCHURCH2011A 2011 Christchurch earthquake
36
2010-01-12 21:53:10 14226221 110 HAITI2010 2010 Haiti earthquake
37
1979-10-15 23:16:57 657282 110 IMPERIAL1979 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake
38
1983-05-26 02:59:58 577008 108 SEAOFJAPAN1983 1983 Sea of Japan earthquake
39
1997-09-26 09:40:25 1043512 97 UMBRIA-MARCHE1997B 1997 Umbria and Marche earthquake
40
2012-05-29 07:00:04 605482196 96 EMILIA2012B 2012 Northern Italy earthquakes
41
2000-10-06 04:30:17 1839998 92 TOTTORI2000 2000 Tottori earthquake
42
2007-07-16 01:13:21 12769769 87 CHUETSU-0KI2007 2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake
43
2008-06-13 23:43:46 13377361 84 IWATE-MIYAGI2008 2008 Iwate–Miyagi Nairiku earthquake
44
2010-04-13 23:49:37 14573075 83 YUSHU 2010 2010 Yushu earthquake
45
2016-04-15 16:25:06 610289055 82 KUMAMOTO2016 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes
46
2011-10-23 10:41:22 17394270 80 VAN2011 2011 Van earthquakes
47
1977-03-04 19:21:54 700695 78 ROMANIAN1977 1977 Vrancea earthquake
48
1923-09-01 02:58:35 911526 75 KANTO1923 1923 Great Kantō earthquake
49
2007-03-25 00:41:57 11703278 73 NOTO-HANTO2007 2007 Noto earthquake
50
1975-02-04 11:36:05 731961 73 HAICHENG1975 1975 Haicheng earthquake
Transcribed from figure 2, "The most studied events", at the ISC's Overview of the ISC Event Bibliography.
International Seismological Centre. Event Bibliography. Thatcham, United Kingdom, http://www.isc.ac.uk/ . 2018.
See also[edit]
Earthquakes portal
Disasters portal
List of deadly earthquakes since 1900
List of natural disasters by death toll#Earthquakes
Lists of earthquakes by year
References[edit]
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^ Jump up to: a b The 1766 Santiago earthquake killed more people, but the 1900 earthquake had a higher intensity. "14 Significant Earthquakes where (Year <= 2016 and Year >= 1000) and Country = CUBA and Region Code = 90". NCEI Significant Earthquake search. National Centers for Environmental Information, United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on April 18, 2016.
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Jump up ^ "5.6 magnitude earthquake near Berbera, Woqooyi Galbeed, Somalia and Sanaa, Yemen : July 03, 1951 18:15". earthquaketrack.com. Retrieved 2017-04-04.
Jump up ^ "8.1 magnitude earthquake near Grytviken, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands : June 27, 1929 12:47". earthquaketrack.com. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
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Jump up ^ "The Largest Earthquakes in Tanzania". earthquaketrack.com. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
Jump up ^ "8.1 magnitude earthquake near Neiafu, Vava'u, Tonga : April 30, 1919 07:17". earthquaketrack.com. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
Jump up ^ "M 6.7 - Tobago region, Trinidad and Tobago". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
Jump up ^ "M 5.5 - Tunisia". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
Jump up ^ "The Largest Earthquakes in Uganda". earthquaketrack.com. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
Jump up ^ "M 7.0 - western Uzbekistan". earthquake.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
Jump up ^ "The Largest Earthquakes in Vanuatu". earthquaketrack.com. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
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Jump up ^ "The Largest Earthquakes in Zambia". earthquaketrack.com. Retrieved 2017-04-03.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Significant Earthquake Database". NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Events and Developments (P. 3, "Calendar of events 2010: February 27")" (PDF). Yearbook. UNEP. 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Where can I learn more about the 1906 Earthquake?". Berkeley Seismological Lab. December 11, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Significant Earthquakes Full Search, sort by $Millions Damage, Date". www.ngdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2015-10-08.
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^ Jump up to: a b "Death toll of 1920 China earthquake higher than previously estimated". xinhuanet.com.
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External links[edit]
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2004 Indian Ocean earthquake

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Al Jazira, Mesopotamia

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Kamakura, Kanagawa

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http://www.isc.ac.uk/event_bibliography

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//doi.org/10.4401/ag-3614

values: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

values: Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland

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//doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5155.67

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//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075

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PubMed Identifier

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//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17778134

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http://gemecd.org/event/132

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http://www.scec.org

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values: List of accidents and disasters by death toll

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List of volcanic eruptions

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List of man-made disasters

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values: List of earthquakes in 1979 (page does not exist)

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values: قائمة الزلازل – Arabic

values: Llista de terratrèmols de més magnitud – Catalan

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