text:
Criticism of capitalism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article lists arguments against capitalism. For a summary of ideologies opposed to capitalism, see Anti-capitalism.
Part of a series on
Capitalism
Concepts[show]
Business
Business cycle
Businessperson
Capital
Capital accumulation
Capital markets
Capitalist mode of production
Company
Corporation
Competitive markets
Economic interventionism
Economic surplus
Entrepreneurship
Fictitious capital
Financial market
Free price system
Free market
Goods and services
Investor
Invisible hand
Liberalization
Marginalism
Money
Private property
Privatization
Profit
Rent seeking
Supply and demand
Surplus value
Value
Wage labour
Economic systems[show]
Anglo-Saxon
Free market
Laissez-faire
Mercantile
Mixed
Nordic
Regulated market
Regulatory
Rhine
Social market
State
Welfare
East Asian
Economic theories[show]
American
Austrian
Chicago
Classical
Institutional
Keynesian
Marxian
Modern Monetary
Monetarist
Neoclassical
New institutional
New Keynesian
Supply-side
Origins[show]
Age of Enlightenment
Capitalism and Islam
Commercial Revolution
Feudalism
Industrial Revolution
Mercantilism
Primitive accumulation
Physiocracy
Simple commodity production
Development[show]
Advanced
Consumer
Corporate
Crony
Finance
Global
Late
Marxist
Merchant
Rentier
State monopoly
Techno
People[show]
Adam Smith
John Stuart Mill
David Ricardo
Thomas Malthus
Jean-Baptiste Say
Karl Marx
Milton Friedman
Friedrich Hayek
John Maynard Keynes
Alfred Marshall
Ludwig von Mises
Ayn Rand
Murray Rothbard
Joseph Schumpeter
Thorstein Veblen
Max Weber
Ronald Coase
Related topics[show]
Anti-capitalism
Capitalist state
Consumerism
Corporatism
Crisis theory
Criticism of capitalism
Cronyism
Culture of capitalism
Exploitation
Globalization
History
History of theory
Market economy
Periodizations of capitalism
Perspectives on capitalism
Post-capitalism
Speculation
Spontaneous order
Venture philanthropy
Ideologies[show]
Anarcho-capitalism
Democratic capitalism
Dirigisme
Eco-capitalism
Humanistic capitalism
Inclusive capitalism
Liberalism (economic)
Libertarianism
Neo-Capitalism
Neoliberalism
Objectivism
Ordoliberalism
Social democracy
Capitalism portal
Economics portal
Philosophy portal
Politics portal
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Socialism
Development[show]
History of socialism
Socialist calculation debate
Socialist economics
Ideas[show]
Calculation in kind
Collective ownership
Cooperative
Common ownership
Commune (model of government)
Economic democracy
Economic planning
Equal opportunity
Free association
Industrial democracy
Input–output model
Internationalism
Labor-time calculation
Labour voucher
Material balance planning
Peer‑to‑peer economics
(Sharing economy)
Production for use
Social dividend
Social ownership
Socialism in one country
Socialist mode of production
State ownership
To each according
to his contribution/needs
Workplace democracy
Workers' self-management
Models[show]
Decentralized planning
Participatory economics
Market socialism
Lange model
Mutualism
Planned economy
Soviet-type
OGAS
Project Cybersyn
Socialist market economy
Socialist-oriented market
Variants[show]
21st-century
African
Arab
Agrarian
Anarchist
Authoritarian
Blanquism
Communism
Conservative
Democratic
Ethical
Ecological
Feminist
Gandhian
Guild
Liberal
Libertarian
Market
Marhaenism
Marxism
Municipal
Owenism
Reformism
Religious
Revolutionary
Ricardian
Scientific
Social democracy
Socialist nationalism
State
Syndicalism
Technocracy
Third World
Utopian
Zionist
History by country[show]
Australia
Bangladesh
Brazil
Canada
China
Estonia
France
Hong Kong
India
Iran
Netherlands
New Zealand
Pakistan
South Korea
Tunisia
United Kingdom
United States
People[show]
Thomas More
Henri de Saint-Simon
François-Noël Babeuf
Charles Hall
Robert Owen
Charles Fourier
William Thompson
Thomas Hodgskin
Étienne Cabet
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Louis Blanc
Mikhail Bakunin
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Ferdinand Lassalle
William Morris
Mary Harris Jones
Peter Kropotkin
Eduard Bernstein
Errico Malatesta
Fred M. Taylor
Georgi Plekhanov
John Dewey
Enrico Barone
W. E. B. Du Bois
Emma Goldman
Rosa Luxemburg
Léon Blum
Bertrand Russell
Antonie Pannekoek
Luis Emilio Recabarren
Albert Einstein
Leon Trotsky
Helen Keller
Clement Attlee
Karl Polanyi
Nestor Makhno
G. D. H. Cole
Imre Nagy
Einar Gerhardsen
George Orwell
Tommy Douglas
Léopold Sédar Senghor
Tage Erlander
Salvador Allende
Bruno Kreisky
François Mitterrand
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Nelson Mandela
Murray Bookchin
Alexander Dubček
Howard Zinn
E. P. Thompson
Michael Manley
Noam Chomsky
Martin Luther King Jr.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Jack Layton
Bernie Sanders
Tariq Ali
Abdullah Öcalan
Slavoj Žižek
Jeremy Corbyn
Cornel West
Hugo Chávez
Chris Hedges
Yanis Varoufakis
Organizations[show]
First International
(International Workingmen's Association)
Second International
Third International
(Comintern)
Fourth International
Fifth International
Labour and Socialist International
Socialist International
World Federation of
Democratic Youth
International Union of
Socialist Youth
World Socialist Movement
International Committee
of the Fourth International
Progressive Alliance
Related topics[show]
Anarchism
Capitalism
Communist society
Criticism of capitalism
Economic system
French Left
List of socialist economists
Nanosocialism
Progressivism
Right-wing socialism
Socialism and LGBT rights
Socialist bloc
Socialist Party
Socialist state
Socialism portal
Economics portal
Politics portal
v
t
e
Part of the Politics series on
Anarchism
Schools of thought[show]
Black
Capitalist
Christian
Collectivist
Communist
Egoist
Existentialist
Feminist
Green
Individualist
Insurrectionary
Leftist
Left-wing market
Magonist
Mutualist
Naturist
Pacifist
Philosophical
Platformist
Post-anarchist
Post-colonial
Post-left
Primitivist
Queer
Social
Syndicalist
Synthesist
Vegan
Without adjectives
Theory
Practice
[show]
Anarchy
Anarchist Black Cross
Anationalism
Anti-authoritarianism
Anti-militarism
Affinity group
Black bloc
Classless society
Class struggle
Communes
Consensus democracy
Conscientious objector
Counter-economics
Decentralization
Deep ecology
Direct action
Direct democracy
Dual power
Especifismo
Expropriative anarchism
Free association
Free love
Free school
Freethought
Horizontalidad
Illegalism
Individualism
Individual reclamation
Isocracy
Law
Mutual aid
Participatory politics
Permanent autonomous zone
Prefigurative politics
Proletarian internationalism
Propaganda of the deed
Refusal of work
Revolution
Rewilding
Self-ownership
Social center
Social ecology
Social insertion
Somatherapy
Spontaneous order
Squatting
Temporary Autonomous Zone
Union of egoists
People[show]
Émile Armand
Mikhail Bakunin
Alexander Berkman
Alfredo M. Bonanno
Murray Bookchin
Noam Chomsky
Buenaventura Durruti
Sébastien Faure
David D. Friedman
Mahatma Gandhi
William Godwin
Emma Goldman
Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia
Peter Kropotkin
Gustav Landauer
Ricardo Flores Magón
Nestor Makhno
Errico Malatesta
Louise Michel
Johann Most
Rudolf Rocker
Murray Rothbard
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Diego Abad de Santillán
Lysander Spooner
Max Stirner
Henry David Thoreau
Leo Tolstoy
Benjamin Tucker
Volin
Colin Ward
Josiah Warren
John Zerzan
Issues[show]
Anarcho-capitalism
Crypto-anarchism
Animal rights
Capitalism
Education
Criticisms
Islam
Lifestylism
Marxism
Nationalism
Orthodox Judaism
Religion
Love and sex
Violence
History[show]
Paris Commune
Cantonal Revolution
Hague Congress
International Conference of Rome
Trial of the Thirty
Haymarket affair
May Day
Anarchist Exclusion Act
Congress of Amsterdam
Tragic Week
High Treason Incident
Manifesto of the Sixteen
Individualist anarchism in the United States
1919 United States bombings
Biennio Rosso
German Revolution of 1918–19
Bavarian Council Republic
Kronstadt rebellion
Third Russian Revolution
Free Territory
Amakasu Incident
Escuela Moderna
Individualist anarchism in
Europe (in France)
Spanish Revolution
Barcelona May Days
Red inverted triangle
Labadie Collection
May 1968
Provo
LIP
Kate Sharpley Library
Australian Anarchist Centenary
Carnival Against Capital
1999 Seattle WTO protests
Occupy movement
Culture[show]
Films
Anarchist Bookfair
Anarcho-punk
Arts
Culture jamming
DIY culture
Freeganism
Hip hop
Independent Media Center
Infoshop
The Internationale
Jewish anarchism
"Land and liberty"
Lifestylism
"No gods, no masters"
Popular education
"Property is theft!"
Radical cheerleading
Radical environmentalism
Red and Anarchist Skinheads
Squatting
Symbolism
Glossary
A las Barricadas
Economics[show]
Communization
Co-operatives
Cost the limit of price
Economic democracy
Economic secession
Gift economy
Give-away shop
Market abolitionism
Mass strike
Mutual aid
Participatory economics
Really Really Free Market
Socialization
Wage slavery
Workers' self-management
By region[show]
Africa
Argentina
Australia
Azerbaijan
Bolivia
Brazil
Canada
China
Cuba
Ecuador
Egypt
France
French Guiana
Germany
Greece
India
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Monaco
New Zealand
Poland
Puerto Rico
Romania
Russia
Singapore
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Transnistria
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Venezuela
Vietnam
Lists[show]
Anarcho-punk bands
Communities
Fictional characters
Jewish anarchists
Love & sex
Musicians
Organizations
Periodicals
Poets
Russian anarchists
Films
Related topics[show]
Anti-capitalism
Anti-corporatism
Anti-consumerism
Anti-fascism
Anti-globalization
Anti-statism
Anti-war
Autarchism
Autonomism
Communism
Labour movement
Left communism
Libertarianism
Libertarian socialism
Libertarian marxism
Marxism
Situationist International
Socialism
Spontaneous order
Anarchism portal
Politics portal
v
t
e
Syndicalism
Precursors[show]
Guild socialism
Utopian socialism
Revolutions of 1848
Orthodox Marxism
Variants[show]
Anarcho-syndicalism
Syndical communism
De Leonism
National syndicalism
Sorelianism
Economics[show]
Co-operative economics
Corporatism
Labour
Labour rights
Mass strike
Workers' self-management
Labour unionisation
Mutual aid
Organisations[show]
Federación Obrera Regional Argentina
Solidaridad Obrera
Industrial Workers of the World
Brazilian Workers Confederation
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
Industrial Syndicalist Education League
Syndicalist League of North America
International Socialist League
Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund
International Workers' Association
National Libertarian Federation of Trade Unions
Freie Arbeiterinnen- und
Arbeiter-Union
Confederación General del Trabajo
Solidaridad Obrera
Solidarity Federation
Konfederatsiya Revolyutsionnikh
Anarkho-Sindikalistov
National Labor Secretariat
Leaders[show]
Daniel De Leon
Victor Griffuelhes
Hubert Lagardelle
Juan García Oliver
Rudolf Rocker
Georges Sorel
Fernand Pelloutier
James Thompson Bain
Mary Fitzgerald
Related subjects[show]
Criticism of capitalism
Post-capitalism
Criticism of copyright
Libertarian socialism
Criticism of wage labour
Labour power
Revisionism
Copyleft
Fascism
Socialism
Communism
Syndicalism
Labour economics
v
t
e
Part of a series on
Libertarian socialism
Political concepts[show]
Anti-authoritarianism
Anti-Leninism
Anti-Stalinist left
Anti-statism
Classless society
Consensus democracy
Commune
Decentralization
Direct democracy
Dual power
Class struggle
Egalitarian community
Free association
Free love
Free school
General strike
Libertarian municipalism
Libertarian possibilism
Mutual aid
Prefigurative politics
Proletarian internationalism
Refusal of work
Social center
Stateless society
Squatting
Ultra-leftism
Wage slavery
Workers' control
Workers' council
Economics[show]
Anarchist economics
Anti-capitalism
Anti-consumerism
Cooperative
Common ownership
Common resources
Cost the limit of price
Decentralized planning
Economic democracy
Free store
Gift economy
Guilds
Industrial democracy
Really Really Free Market
Social economy
Social enterprise
Socialization
State capitalism
Use value
Worker cooperative
People[show]
William Godwin
Charles Fourier
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Mikhail Bakunin
Louise Michel
Peter Kropotkin
Karl Marx
William Morris
Oscar Wilde
Benjamin Tucker
Errico Malatesta
Leo Tolstoy
Albert Parsons
Lucy Parsons
Francisco Ferrer Guardia
Emma Goldman
Alexander Berkman
Leon Czolgosz
Ricardo Flores Magón
Rosa Luxemburg
Karl Liebknecht
Gustav Landauer
Sacco and Vanzetti
Rudolf Rocker
Otto Rühle
Antonie Pannekoek
Buenaventura Durruti
Diego Abad de Santillán
Federica Montseny
Nestor Makhno
Stepan Maximovich Petrichenko
Marinus van der Lubbe
Sylvia Pankhurst
Paul Mattick
Wilhelm Reich
Dorothy Day
Albert Camus
Jean-Paul Sartre
Karl Korsch
Herbert Marcuse
Cornelius Castoriadis
C. L. R. James
Dorothy Thompson
Raya Dunayevskaya
Grace Lee Boggs
Paul Goodman
Colin Ward
Chris Pallis
Daniel Guérin
Murray Bookchin
Guy Debord
Raoul Vaneigem
Abbie Hoffman
Antonio Negri
Silvia Federici
Félix Guattari
John Holloway
André Gorz
Noam Chomsky
Howard Zinn
Gilles Dauvé
Alfredo M. Bonanno
David Graeber
Subcomandante Marcos
Yanis Varoufakis
Abdullah Öcalan
Philosophies and tendencies[show]
Anarchist tendencies
Anarcho-communism
Anarcho-pacifism
Anarcho-syndicalism
Christian anarchism
Collectivist anarchism
Egoist anarchism
Individualist anarchism
Insurrectionary anarchism
Left-wing market anarchism
Magonism
Makhnovism
Mutualism
Participism
Platformism
Synthesis anarchism
Libertarian Marxist tendencies
Autonomism
Communization
Council communism
Johnson-Forest Tendency
Luxemburgism
Situationist International
Other tendencies
Communalism
Democratic Confederalism
Fourierism
Inclusive Democracy
Neozapatismo
Significant events[show]
Diggers
Enragés
Paris Commune
Haymarket affair
Assassination of William McKinley
Strandzha Commune
Russian Revolution
Bavarian Soviet Republic
German Revolution of 1918–1919
Biennio Rosso
Ukrainian War of Independence
Left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks (Kronstadt uprising)
Escuela Moderna
Mexican Revolution
Reichstag fire
Spanish Revolution
1953 East German uprising
1956 Hungarian Revolution
May 1968 in France
Prague Spring
Left communism in China
Hippie movement
Autonomia Operaia
Zapatista uprising
1999 Seattle WTO protests
Argentinazo
Occupy movement
Kurdisk-Turkish conflict (2015 rebellion)
Iran-PJAK conflict
Rojava Revolution
Related topics[show]
Anarchism
Libertarianism
Left-libertarianism
Marxism
Socialism
Anarchism portal
Socialism portal
Libertarianism portal
Philosophy portal
Politics portal
v
t
e
Social democracy
Development[show]
Humanism
Age of Enlightenment
French Revolution
Utopian socialism
Revolutions of 1848
Marxism
Orthodox
Revisionist
Ethical socialism
Democratic socialism
Liberal socialism
Market socialism
Progressivism
Reformism
Gradualism
Frankfurt Declaration
Keynesianism
Welfare capitalism
Third Way
Ideas[show]
Social justice
Democracy
economic
industrial
representative
Labor rights
Mixed economy
Welfare
Trade unionism
Fair trade
Environmental protection
Negative and positive rights
Secularism
Social corporatism
Social market economy
Variants[show]
Bernsteinism
Liberal socialism
Nordic model
Godesberg
Third Way
Reformist Left
People[show]
Ardern
Attlee
Awolowo
Ben-Gurion
Bernstein
Betancourt
Bhutto
Blanc
Brandt
Branting
Clark
Corbyn
Correa
Craxi
Crosland
Curtin
Daszyński
Debs
Douglas
Ecevit
Fraser
González
Goulart
Hilferding
Jaurès
Junmai
Katayama
Kennedy
Kerensky
Kéthly
Kirk
Lagos
Lassalle
Layton
Lévesque
MacDonald
Mandela
Morales
Nehru
Batlle y Ordóñez
Ortega
Palme
Plekhanov
Prodi
Sanders
Savage
Stauning
Thomas
Organizations[show]
Social democratic parties
Socialist International
International Union of Socialist Youth
Party of European Socialists
Progressive Alliance
Young European Socialists
International Trade Union Confederation
Economics portal
Politics portal
v
t
e
Criticism of capitalism ranges from expressing disagreement with the principles of capitalism in its entirety to expressing disagreement with particular outcomes of capitalism.
Criticism of capitalism comes from various political and philosophical approaches, including anarchist, socialist, religious and nationalist viewpoints. Some believe that capitalism can only be overcome through revolution, and some believe that structural change can come slowly through political reforms. Some critics believe there are merits in capitalism and wish to balance it with some form of social control, typically through government regulation (e.g. the social market movement).
Prominent among critiques of capitalism are accusations that capitalism is inherently exploitative, that it is unsustainable, that it creates economic inequality, that it is anti-democratic and leads to an erosion of human rights and that it incentivizes imperialist expansion and war.
Contents
1 Issues
1.1 Democracy and freedoms
1.2 Exploitation of workers
1.3 Imperialism and political oppression
1.4 Inefficiency, irrationality and unpredictability
1.4.1 Market failure
1.5 Inequality
1.6 Market instability
1.7 Property
1.8 Sustainability
2 History
3 Criticisms of capitalism
3.1 Anarchist criticisms of capitalism
3.2 Socialist criticisms
3.2.1 Marxian criticisms
3.3 Religious criticisms
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Issues[edit]
"Capitalism is the astounding belief that the most wickedest of men will do the most wickedest of things for the greatest good of everyone".
— John Maynard Keynes[1]
Democracy and freedoms[edit]
Further information: Free market § Criticisms
Economist Branko Horvat stated that "[I]t is now well known that capitalist development leads to the concentration of capital, employment and power. It is somewhat less known that it leads to the almost complete destruction of economic freedom".[2]
Critics argue that capitalism leads to a significant loss of political, democratic and economic power for the vast majority of the global human population. The reason for this is they believe capitalism creates very large concentrations of money and property in the hands of a relatively small minority of the global human population (the elite or the "power elite"), leading, they say, to very large and increasing, wealth and income inequalities between the elite and the majority of the population.[3] "Corporate capitalism" and "inverted totalitarianism" are terms used by the aforementioned activists and critics of capitalism to describe a capitalist marketplace—and society—characterized by the dominance of hierarchical, bureaucratic, large corporations, which are legally required to pursue profit without concern for social welfare. Corporate capitalism has been criticized for the amount of power and influence corporations and large business interest groups have over government policy, including the policies of regulatory agencies and influencing political campaigns. Many social scientists have criticized corporations for failing to act in the interests of the people; they claim the existence of large corporations seems to circumvent the principles of democracy, which assumes equal power relations between all individuals in a society.[4] As part of the political left, activists against corporate power and influence support a decreased income gap and improved economical equity.
The rise of giant multinational corporations has been a topic of concern among the aforementioned scholars, intellectuals and activists, who see the large corporation as leading to deep, structural erosion of such basic human rights and civil rights as equitable wealth and income distribution, equitable democratic political and socio-economic power representation and many other human rights and needs. They have pointed out that in their view large corporations create false needs in consumers and—they contend—have had a long history of interference in and distortion of the policies of sovereign nation states through high-priced legal lobbying and other almost always legal, powerful forms of influence peddling. In their view, evidence supporting this belief includes invasive advertising (such as billboards, television ads, adware, spam, telemarketing, child-targeted advertising and guerrilla marketing), massive open or secret corporate political campaign contributions in so-called "democratic" elections, corporatocracy, the revolving door between government and corporations, regulatory capture, "too big to fail" (also known as "too big to jail"), massive taxpayer-provided corporate bailouts, socialism/communism for the very rich and brutal, vicious, Darwinian capitalism for everyone else, and—they claim—seemingly endless global news stories about corporate corruption (Martha Stewart and Enron, among many[citation needed] other examples). Anti-corporate-activists express the view that large corporations answer only to large shareholders, giving human rights issues, social justice issues, environmental issues and other issues of high significance to the bottom 99% of the global human population virtually no consideration.[5][6]
David Schweickart wrote that in capitalist societies:
Ordinary people are deemed competent enough to select their political leaders-but not their bosses. Contemporary capitalism celebrates democracy, yet denies us our democratic rights at precisely the point where they might be utilized most immediately and concretely: at the place where we spend most of the active and alert hours of our adult lives.[7]
Thomas Jefferson, one of the founders of the United States, said "I hope we shall crush [...] in its birth the aristocracy of our moneyed corporations, which dare already to challenge our government to a trial of strength and bid defiance to the laws of our country".[8] In an April 29, 1938 message to Congress, Franklin D. Roosevelt warned that the growth of private power could lead to fascism:
[T]he liberty of a democracy is not safe if the people tolerate the growth of private power to a point where it becomes stronger than their democratic state itself. That, in its essence, is fascism—ownership of government by an individual, by a group, or by any other controlling private power.[9][10][11] [...] Statistics of the Bureau of Internal Revenue reveal the following amazing figures for 1935: "Ownership of corporate assets: Of all corporations reporting from every part of the Nation, one-tenth of 1 percent of them owned 52 percent of the assets of all of them".[9][11]
United States President Dwight D. Eisenhower criticized the notion of the confluence of corporate power and de facto fascism[12] and in his 1961 Farewell Address to the Nation brought attention to the "conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry" in the United States[13] and stressed "the need to maintain balance in and among national programs—balance between the private and the public economy, balance between cost and hoped for advantage".[13]
Exploitation of workers[edit]
See also: Wage slavery
"Of usury", from Sebastian Brant's Stultifera Navis (the Ship of Fools; woodcut attributed to Albrecht Dürer)
Critics of capitalism view the system as inherently exploitative. In an economic sense, exploitation is often related to the expropriation of labor for profit and based on Karl Marx's version of the labor theory of value. The labor theory of value was supported by classical economists like David Ricardo and Adam Smith who believed that "the value of a commodity depends on the relative quantity of labor which is necessary for its production".[14]
In Das Kapital, Marx identified the commodity as the basic unit of capitalist organization. Marx described a "common denominator" between commodities, in particular that commodities are the product of labor and are related to each other by an exchange value (i.e. price).[15] By using the labor theory of value, Marxists see a connection between labor and exchange value, in that commodities are exchanged depending on the socially necessary labor time needed to produce them.[16] However, due to the productive forces of industrial organization, laborers are seen as creating more exchange value during the course of the working day than the cost of their survival (food, shelter, clothing and so on).[17] Marxists argue that capitalists are thus able to pay for this cost of survival while expropriating the excess labor (i.e. surplus value).[16]
Marxists further argue that due to economic inequality, the purchase of labor cannot occur under "free" conditions. Since capitalists control the means of production (e.g. factories, businesses, machinery and so on) and workers control only their labor, the worker is naturally coerced into allowing their labor to be exploited.[18] Critics argue that exploitation occurs even if the exploited consents, since the definition of exploitation is independent of consent. In essence, workers must allow their labor to be exploited or face starvation. Since some degree of unemployment is typical in modern economies, Marxists argue that wages are naturally driven down in free market systems. Hence, even if a worker contests their wages, capitalists are able to find someone from the reserve army of labor who is more desperate.[19]
Unions are the "traditional method" for workers to have more bargaining power in the marketplace.[citation needed] The act (or threat) of striking has historically been an organized action to withhold labor from capitalists, without fear of individual retaliation.[20] Some critics of capitalism, while acknowledging the necessity of trade unionism, believe that trade unions simply reform an already exploitative system, leaving the system of exploitation intact.[21][22] Lysander Spooner argued that "almost all fortunes are made out of the capital and labour of other men than those who realize them. Indeed, large fortunes could rarely be made at all by one individual, except by his sponging capital and labour from others".[23]
Labor historian Immanuel Wallerstein has argued that unfree labor—by slaves, indentured servants, prisoners and other coerced persons—is compatible with capitalist relations.[24]
Academics such as Howard Gardner have proposed the adoption of upper limits in individual wealth as "a solution that would make the world a better place".[25]
Imperialism and political oppression[edit]
Critics of capitalism (e.g. John Bellamy Foster and Robert W. McChesney) argue that the system is responsible for not only economic exploitation, but also imperialist, colonial and counter-revolutionary wars and repression of workers and trade unionists.[26]
Near the start of the 20th century, Vladimir Lenin claimed that state use of military power to defend capitalist interests abroad was an inevitable corollary of monopoly capitalism.[27][28] He argued that capitalism needs imperialism in order to survive.[29] According to Lenin, the export of financial capital superseded the export of commodities; banking and industrial capital merged to form large financial cartels and trusts in which production and distribution are highly centralized; and monopoly capitalists influenced state policy to carve up the world into spheres of interest. These trends led states to defend their capitalist interests abroad through military power.
The military–industrial complex, mentioned in Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidential farewell address, appears to play a significant role in the American capitalist system. It may be one of the driving forces of American militarism and intervention abroad.[30]
Inefficiency, irrationality and unpredictability[edit]
Some opponents criticize capitalism's perceived inefficiency. They note a shift from pre-industrial reuse and thriftiness before capitalism to a consumer-based economy that pushes "ready-made" materials.[31] It is argued that a sanitation industry arose under capitalism that deemed trash valueless—a significant break from the past when much "waste" was used and reused almost indefinitely.[31] In the process, critics say, capitalism has created a profit driven system based on selling as many products as possible.[32] Critics relate the "ready-made" trend to a growing garbage problem in which 4.5 pounds of trash are generated per person each day (compared to 2.7 pounds in 1960).[33] Anti-capitalist groups with an emphasis on conservation include eco-socialists and social ecologists.
Planned obsolescence has been criticized as a wasteful practice under capitalism. By designing products to wear out faster than need be, new consumption is generated.[31] This would benefit corporations by increasing sales while at the same time generating excessive waste. A well-known example is the charge that Apple designed its iPod to fail after 18 months.[34] Critics view planned obsolescence as wasteful and an inefficient use of resources.[35] Other authors such as Naomi Klein have criticized brand-based marketing for putting more emphasis on the company's name-brand than on manufacturing products.[36]
Some economists, most notably Marxian economists, argue that the system of perpetual capital accumulation leads to irrational outcomes and a mis-allocation of resources as industries and jobs are created for the sake of making money as opposed to satisfying actual demands and needs.[37]
Market failure[edit]
Market failure is a term used by economists to describe the condition where the allocation of goods and services by a market is not efficient. Keynesian economist[38] Paul Krugman views this scenario in which individuals' pursuit of self-interest leads to bad results for society as a whole.[39] John Maynard Keynes preferred economic intervention by government to free markets.[40] Some believe that the lack of perfect information and perfect competition in a free market is grounds for government intervention. Others perceive certain unique problems with a free market including: monopolies, monopsonies, insider trading and price gouging.[41]
Inequality[edit]
Main article: Economic inequality
A man at the protest event Occupy Wall Street
Critics argue that capitalism is associated with the unfair distribution of wealth and power; a tendency toward market monopoly or oligopoly (and government by oligarchy); imperialism, counter-revolutionary wars and various forms of economic and cultural exploitation; repression of workers and trade unionists and phenomena such as social alienation, economic inequality, unemployment and economic instability. Critics have argued that there is an inherent tendency toward oligopolistic structures when laissez-faire is combined with capitalist private property. Capitalism is regarded by many socialists to be irrational in that production and the direction of the economy are unplanned, creating many inconsistencies and internal contradictions and thus should be controlled through public policy.[42]
In the early 20th century, Vladimir Lenin argued that state use of military power to defend capitalist interests abroad was an inevitable corollary of monopoly capitalism.[43]
Che Guevara wrote:
The laws of capitalism, which are blind and are invisible to ordinary people, act upon the individual without he or she being aware of it. One sees only the vastness of a seemingly infinite horizon ahead. That is how it is painted by capitalist propagandists who purport to draw a lesson from the example of Rockefeller—whether or not it is true—about the possibilities of individual success. The amount of poverty and suffering required for a Rockefeller to emerge, and the amount of depravity entailed in the accumulation of a fortune of such magnitude, are left out of the picture, and it is not always possible for the popular forces to expose this clearly.... It is a contest among wolves. One can win only at the cost of the failure of others.[44]
A modern critic of capitalism is Ravi Batra, who focuses on inequality as a source of immiserization but also of system failure. Batra popularised the concept "share of wealth held by richest 1%" as an indicator of inequality and an important determinant of depressions in his best-selling books in the 1980s.[45][46]
In the United States, the shares of earnings and wealth of the households in the top 1 percent of the corresponding distributions are 21 percent (in 2006) and 37 percent (in 2009), respectively.[47] Critics, such as Ravi Batra, argue that the capitalist system has inherent biases favoring those who already possess greater resources. The inequality may be propagated through inheritance and economic policy. Rich people are in a position to give their children a better education and inherited wealth and that this can create or increase large differences in wealth between people who do not differ in ability or effort. One study shows that in the United States 43.35% of the people in the Forbes magazine "400 richest individuals" list were already rich enough at birth to qualify.[48] Another study indicated that in the United States wealth, race and schooling are important to the inheritance of economic status, but that IQ is not a major contributor and the genetic transmission of IQ is even less important.[49] Batra has argued that the tax and benefit legislation in the United States since the Reagan presidency has contributed greatly to the inequalities and economic problems and should be repealed.[50]
Market instability[edit]
Business might "fail", or not sell enough to pay bills
Critics of capitalism, particularly Marxists, identify market instability as a permanent feature of capitalist economy.[51][52] Marx believed that the unplanned and explosive growth of capitalism does not occur in a smooth manner, but is interrupted by periods of overproduction in which stagnation or decline occur (i.e. recessions).[53] In the view of Marxists, several contradictions in the capitalist mode of production are present, particularly the internal contradiction between anarchy in the sphere of capital (i.e. free market) and socialised production in the sphere of labor (i.e. industrialism).[54] In The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels highlighted what they saw as a uniquely capitalist juxtaposition of overabundance and poverty: "Society suddenly finds itself put back into a state of momentary barbarism. And why? Because there is too much civilization, too much means of subsistence, too much industry, too much commerce".[53]
Property[edit]
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Friedrich Engels argue that the free market is not necessarily free, but weighted towards those who already own private property.[19][55] They view capitalist regulations, including the enforcement of private property on land and exclusive rights to natural resources, as unjustly enclosing upon what should be owned by all, forcing those without private property to sell their labor to capitalists and landlords in a market favorable to the latter, thus forcing workers to accept low wages in order to survive.[56] In his criticism of capitalism, Proudhon believed that the emphasis on private property is the problem. He argued that property is theft, arguing that private property leads to despotism: "Now, property necessarily engenders despotism—the government of caprice, the reign of libidinous pleasure. That is so clearly the essence of property that, to be convinced of it, one need but remember what it is, and observe what happens around him. Property is the right to use and abuse".[55] Many left-wing anarchists, such as anarchist communists, believe in replacing capitalist private property with a system where people can lay claim to things based on personal use and claim that "[private] property is the domination of an individual, or a coalition of individuals, over things; it is not the claim of any person or persons to the use of things" and "this is, usufruct, a very different matter. Property means the monopoly of wealth, the right to prevent others using it, whether the owner needs it or not".[57]
Mutualists and some anarchists support markets and private property, but not in their present form.[58] They argue that particular aspects of modern capitalism violate the ability of individuals to trade in the absence of coercion. Mutualists support markets and private property in the product of labor, but only when these markets guarantee that workers will realize for themselves the value of their labor.[55]
In recent times, most economies have extended private property rights to include such things as patents and copyrights. Critics see this as coercive against those with few prior resources. They argue that such regulations discourage the sharing of ideas and encourage nonproductive rent seeking behavior, both of which enact a deadweight loss on the economy, erecting a prohibitive barrier to entry into the market.[59] Not all pro-capitalists support the concept of copyrights, but those who do argue that compensation to the creator is necessary as an incentive.[59]
Sustainability[edit]
See also: Steady-state economy § Capitalism without growth
One of the main modern criticisms to the sustainability of capitalism is related to the so-called commodity chains, or production/consumption chains.[60][61] These terms refer to the network of transfers of materials and commodities that is currently part of the functioning of the global capitalist system. Examples include high tech commodities produced in countries with low average wages by multinational firms and then being sold in distant high income countries; materials and resources being extracted in some countries, turned into finished products in some others and sold as commodities in further ones; and countries exchanging with each other the same kind of commodities for the sake of consumer's choice (e.g. Europe both exporting and importing cars to and from the United States). According to critics, such processes, all of which produce pollution and waste of resources, are an integral part of the functioning of capitalism (i.e. its "metabolism").[62]
Critics note that the statistical methods used in calculating ecological footprint have been criticized and some find the whole concept of counting how much land is used to be flawed, arguing that there is nothing intrinsically negative about using more land to improve living standards (rejection of the intrinsic value of nature).[63][64]
Many environmentalists[who?] have long argued that the real dangers are due to the world's current social institutions that claim to promote environmentally irresponsible consumption and production. Under what they call the "grow or die" imperative of capitalism, they say there is little reason to expect hazardous consumption and production practices to change in a timely manner.[citation needed] They also claim that markets and states invariably drag their feet on substantive environmental reform and are notoriously slow to adopt viable sustainable technologies.[65][66] Immanuel Wallerstein, referring to the externalization of costs as the "dirty secret" of capitalism, claims that there are built-in limits to ecological reform and that the costs of doing business in the world capitalist economy are ratcheting upward because of deruralization and democratization.[67]
History[edit]
According to contemporary critics[quantify] of capitalism, rapid industrialization in Europe created working conditions viewed as unfair, including 14-hour work days, child labor and shanty towns.[68] Some modern economists argue that average living standards did not improve, or only very slowly improved, before 1840.[69]
Early socialist thinkers rejected capitalism altogether, attempting to create socialist communities free of the perceived injustices of early capitalism. Among these utopian socialists were Charles Fourier and Robert Owen. In 1848, Karl Marx and Frederich Engels released The Communist Manifesto, which outlined a political and economic critique of capitalism based on the philosophy of historical materialism. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, a contemporary of Marx, was another notable critic of capitalism and was one of the first to call himself an anarchist.
By the early 20th century, myriad socialist tendencies (e.g. anarcho-syndicalism, social democracy and Bolshevism) had arisen based on different interpretations of current events. Governments also began placing restrictions on market operations and created interventionist programs, attempting to ameliorate perceived market shortcomings (e.g. Keynesian economics and the New Deal). Starting with the 1917 Russian Revolution, Communist states increased in numbers and a Cold War started with the developed capitalist nations. Following the Revolutions of 1989, many of these Communist states adopted market economies. The notable exceptions to this trend have been North Korea, Cuba and Venezuela, the latter instituting a philosophy referred to as "socialism of the 21st century".
Criticisms of capitalism[edit]
Anarchist criticisms of capitalism[edit]
Emma Goldman denounced wage slavery by saying: "The only difference is that you are hired slaves instead of block slaves"[70]
The authors of An Anarchist FAQ state that anarchists have long recognised that capitalism is by its very nature hierarchical. The worker is subjected to the authority of the boss during working hours (sometimes outside work too). They state: "This hierarchical control of wage labour has the effect of alienating workers from their own work, and so from themselves. Workers no longer govern themselves during work hours and so are no longer free".[71] According to them, this is why "[c]apitalism, by treating labour as analogous to all other commodities denies the key distinction between labour and other "resources"—that is to say its inseparability from its bearer—labour, unlike other "property," is endowed with will and agency. Thus when one speaks of selling labour there is a necessary subjugation of will (hierarchy)... Creative, self-managed work is a source of pride and joy and part of what it means to be fully human. Wrenching control of work from the hands of the worker profoundly harms his or her mental and physical health. Capitalism itself was created by state violence and the destruction of traditional ways of life and social interaction was part of that task. From the start, bosses spent considerable time and energy combating attempts of working people to join together to resist the hierarchy they were subjected to and reassert human values. Such forms of free association between equals (such as trade unions) were combated, just as attempts to regulate the worse excesses of the system by democratic governments. Indeed, capitalists prefer centralized, elitist and/or authoritarian regimes precisely because they are sure to be outside of popular control (see section B.2.5). They are the only way that contractual relations based on market power could be enforced on an unwilling population".[72]
For the influential German individualist anarchist philosopher Max Stirner, "private property is a spook which "lives by the grace of law" and it "becomes 'mine' only by effect of the law". In other words, private property exists purely "through the protection of the State, through the State's grace". Recognising its need for state protection, Stirner is also aware that "[i]t need not make any difference to the 'good citizens' who protects them and their principles, whether an absolute King or a constitutional one, a republic, if only they are protected. And what is their principle, whose protector they always 'love'? Not that of labour", rather it is "interest-bearing possession [...] labouring capital, therefore [...] labour certainly, yet little or none at all of one's own, but labour of capital and of the—subject labourers".[73] French anarchist Pierre-Joseph Proudhon opposed government privilege that protects capitalist, banking and land interests and the accumulation or acquisition of property (and any form of coercion that led to it) which he believed hampers competition and keeps wealth in the hands of the few. The Spanish individualist anarchist Miguel Giménez Igualada sees "capitalism is an effect of government; the disappearance of government means capitalism falls from its pedestal vertiginously...That which we call capitalism is not something else but a product of the State, within which the only thing that is being pushed forward is profit, good or badly acquired. And so to fight against capitalism is a pointless task, since be it State capitalism or Enterprise capitalism, as long as Government exists, exploiting capital will exist. The fight, but of consciousness, is against the State".[74]
Within anarchism there emerged a critique of wage slavery which refers to a situation perceived as quasi-voluntary slavery,[75] where a person's livelihood depends on wages, especially when the dependence is total and immediate.[76][77] It is a negatively connoted term used to draw an analogy between slavery and wage labor by focusing on similarities between owning and renting a person. The term "wage slavery" has been used to criticize economic exploitation and social stratification, with the former seen primarily as unequal bargaining power between labor and capital (particularly when workers are paid comparatively low wages, e.g. in sweatshops)[78] and the latter as a lack of workers' self-management, fulfilling job choices and leisure in an economy.[79][80][81] Libertarian socialists believe if freedom is valued, then society must work towards a system in which individuals have the power to decide economic issues along with political issues. Libertarian socialists seek to replace unjustified authority with direct democracy, voluntary federation and popular autonomy in all aspects of life,[82] including physical communities and economic enterprises. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, thinkers such as Proudhon and Marx elaborated the comparison between wage labor and slavery in the context of a critique of societal property not intended for active personal use,[83][84] Luddites emphasized the dehumanization brought about by machines while later Emma Goldman famously denounced wage slavery by saying: "The only difference is that you are hired slaves instead of block slaves".[85] American anarchist Emma Goldman believed that the economic system of capitalism was incompatible with human liberty. "The only demand that property recognizes", she wrote in Anarchism and Other Essays, "is its own gluttonous appetite for greater wealth, because wealth means power; the power to subdue, to crush, to exploit, the power to enslave, to outrage, to degrade".[86] She also argued that capitalism dehumanized workers, "turning the producer into a mere particle of a machine, with less will and decision than his master of steel and iron".[87]
Noam Chomsky contends that there is little moral difference between chattel slavery and renting one's self to an owner or "wage slavery". He feels that it is an attack on personal integrity that undermines individual freedom. He holds that workers should own and control their workplace.[88] Many libertarian socialists argue that large-scale voluntary associations should manage industrial manufacture while workers retain rights to the individual products of their labor.[89] As such, they see a distinction between the concepts of "private property" and "personal possession". Whereas "private property" grants an individual exclusive control over a thing whether it is in use or not and regardless of its productive capacity, "possession" grants no rights to things that are not in use.[90]
In addition to anarchist Benjamin Tucker's "big four" monopolies (land, money, tariffs and patents) that have emerged under capitalism, neo-mutualist economist Kevin Carson argues that the state has also transferred wealth to the wealthy by subsidizing organizational centralization in the form of transportation and communication subsidies. He believes that Tucker overlooked this issue due to Tucker's focus on individual market transactions, whereas Carson also focuses on organizational issues. The theoretical sections of Studies in Mutualist Political Economy are presented as an attempt to integrate marginalist critiques into the labor theory of value.[91] Carson has also been highly critical of intellectual property.[92] The primary focus of his most recent work has been decentralized manufacturing and the informal and household economies.[93] Carson holds that "[c]apitalism, arising as a new class society directly from the old class society of the Middle Ages, was founded on an act of robbery as massive as the earlier feudal conquest of the land. It has been sustained to the present by continual state intervention to protect its system of privilege without which its survival is unimaginable".[94] Carson coined the pejorative term "vulgar libertarianism", a phrase that describes the use of a free market rhetoric in defense of corporate capitalism and economic inequality. According to Carson, the term is derived from the phrase "vulgar political economy", which Karl Marx described as an economic order that "deliberately becomes increasingly apologetic and makes strenuous attempts to talk out of existence the ideas which contain the contradictions [existing in economic life]".[95] Capitalism has been criticized for establishing power in the hands of a minority capitalist class that exists through the exploitation of a working class majority; for prioritizing profit over social good, natural resources and the environment; and for being an engine of inequality and economic instabilities.
Socialist criticisms[edit]
Main article: Socialism
Industrial Workers of the World's "Pyramid of Capitalist System" cartoon is an example of socialist critique of capitalism and of social stratification
Socialists argue that the accumulation of capital generates waste through externalities that require costly corrective regulatory measures. They also point out that this process generates wasteful industries and practices that exist only to generate sufficient demand for products to be sold at a profit (such as high-pressure advertisement), thereby creating rather than satisfying economic demand.[96][97]
Socialists argue that capitalism consists of irrational activity, such as the purchasing of commodities only to sell at a later time when their price appreciates, rather than for consumption, therefore a crucial criticism often made by socialists is that making money, or accumulation of capital, does not correspond to the satisfaction of demand (the production of use-values).[98] The fundamental criterion for economic activity in capitalism is the accumulation of capital for reinvestment in production. This spurs the development of new, non-productive industries that do not produce use-value and only exist to keep the accumulation process afloat. An example of a non-productive industry is the financial industry, which contributes to the formation of economic bubbles.[99]
Socialists view private property relations as limiting the potential of productive forces in the economy. According to socialists, private property becomes obsolete when it concentrates into centralized, socialized institutions based on private appropriation of revenue (but based on cooperative work and internal planning in allocation of inputs) until the role of the capitalist becomes redundant.[100] With no need for capital accumulation and a class of owners, private property of the means of production is perceived as being an outdated form of economic organization that should be replaced by a free association of individuals based on public or common ownership of these socialized assets.[101][102] Private ownership imposes constraints on planning, leading to uncoordinated economic decisions that result in business fluctuations, unemployment and a tremendous waste of material resources during crisis of overproduction.[103]
Excessive disparities in income distribution lead to social instability and require costly corrective measures in the form of redistributive taxation. This incurs heavy administrative costs while weakening the incentive to work, inviting dishonesty and increasing the likelihood of tax evasion (the corrective measures) while reducing the overall efficiency of the market economy.[104] These corrective policies limit the market's incentive system by providing things such as minimum wages, unemployment insurance, taxing profits and reducing the reserve army of labor, resulting in reduced incentives for capitalists to invest in more production. In essence, social welfare policies cripple capitalism's incentive system and are thus unsustainable in the long-run.[105] Marxists argue that the establishment of a socialist mode of production is the only way to overcome these deficiencies. Socialists and specifically Marxian socialists, argue that the inherent conflict of interests between the working class and capital prevent optimal use of available human resources and leads to contradictory interest groups (labor and business) striving to influence the state to intervene in the economy at the expense of overall economic efficiency.
Early socialists (utopian socialists and Ricardian socialists) criticized capitalism for concentrating power and wealth within a small segment of society[106] who do not utilize available technology and resources to their maximum potential in the interests of the public.[102]
Marxian criticisms[edit]
Main article: Marxism
Karl Marx saw capitalism as a historical stage, once progressive but which would eventually stagnate due to internal contradictions and would eventually be followed by socialism. Marx claimed that capitalism was nothing more than a necessary stepping stone for the progression of man, which would then face a political revolution before embracing the classless society.[107] Marxists define capital as "a social, economic relation" between people (rather than between people and things). In this sense, they seek to abolish capital. They believe that private ownership of the means of production enriches capitalists (owners of capital) at the expense of workers ("the rich get richer and the poor get poorer"). In brief, they argue that the owners of the means of production do not work and therefore exploit the workerforce. In Marx's view, the capitalists would eventually accumulate more and more capital impoverishing the working class, creating the social conditions for a revolution that would overthrow the institutions of capitalism. Private ownership over the means of production and distribution is seen as a dependency of non-owning classes on the ruling class and ultimately a source of restriction of human freedom.
Marxists have offered various related lines of argument claiming that capitalism is a contradiction-laden system characterized by recurring crises coming from the tendency of the rate of profit to fall and having a tendency towards increasing severity. Capitalism is seen as just one stage in the evolution of the economic system. Immanuel Wallerstein, approaching matters from a world-systems perspective, cites the intransigence of rising real wages, rising costs of material inputs and steadily rising tax rates, along with the rise of popular antisystemic movements as the most important global secular trends creating unprecedented limiting pressures on the accumulation of capital. According to Wallerstein, "the capitalist world-economy has now entered its terminal crisis, a crisis that may last up to fifty years. The real question before us is what will happen during this crisis, this transition from the present world-system to some other kind of historical system or systems".[108].
In mainland China, differences in terminology sometimes confuse and complicate discussions of Chinese economic reform. Under Marxist ideology, capitalism refers to a stage of history in which there is a class system in which the proletariat is exploited by the bourgeoisie. Officially, according to the Chinese governments stateideology, China is currently in the primary stage of socialism. However, because of Deng Xiaoping and subsequent leaders' Chinese economic reforms, instituting pragmatism within policy, China has undertaken policies that are commonly considered capitalistic, including employing wage labor, increasing unemployment to motivate those who are still working,[citation needed] transforming state owned enterprises into joint stock companies and encouraging the growth of the joint venture and private capitalist sectors. A contrary Marxist view would describe China as just another variant of capitalism (state capitalism), much like the former Soviet Union, which was also claiming to be operating on principals of socialism. This is echoed by what Mao Zedong termed "capitalist roaders", who he argued existed within the ruling party structures and would try to restore the bourgeoisie and thus their class interests to power reflected in new policies while only keeping the outer appearance of socialism for legitimacy purposes. Deng Xiaoping was identified as one of these "capitalist roaders" during the Cultural Revolution, when he was placed under house arrest.[citation needed]
Religious criticisms[edit]
See also: Religious communism, Christian communism, Christian socialism, Islamic socialism, Jewish left, Liberation theology, and Social gospel
The Catholic Church forbids usury.[citation needed] According to Rerum Novarum and Quadragesimo Anno, Catholic social teaching does not support "political capitalism",[clarification needed] primarily because it is considered part of liberalism and secondly by its nature, which goes against social justice. In 2013, Pope Francis said that more restrictions on the free market were required because the "dictatorship" of the global financial system and the "cult of money" were making people miserable.[109]
Islam forbids lending money at interest, the mode of operation of capitalist finance,[110][111] although Islamic banks have developed alternative methods of making profits in transactions that are traditionally arranged using interest.
See also[edit]
Almighty dollar
Anarchism and capitalism
Anti-globalisation
Capital in the Twenty-First Century, a 2013 book by Thomas Piketty
Capitalist mode of production
Crisis (Marxian)
Criticisms of Marxism
Culture of capitalism
Cyberpunk
Economic calculation problem
Market fundamentalism
Post-capitalism
Social criticism
Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor
Technological fix § Concerns
This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate, a 2014 book by Naomi Klein
References[edit]
Jump up ^ The Origin of Wealth: Evolution, Complexity, and the Radical Remaking of Economics, by Eric D. Beinhocker, Harvard Business Press, 2006, ISBN 157851777X, p. 408.
Jump up ^ Horvat, Branko, The Political Economy of Socialism (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc.) p. 11.
Jump up ^ Bakan, Joel (writer) The Corporation (2003) (Documentary)
Jump up ^ Abeles, Marc (2006). "Globalization, Power, and Survival: an Anthropological Perspective". Anthropological Quarterly. 79 (3): 484–86.
Jump up ^ Abeles, Marc (2006). "Globalization, Power, and Survival: an Anthropological Perspective" (Submitted manuscript). Anthropological Quarterly. 79 (3): 484–86. doi:10.1353/anq.2006.0030.
Jump up ^ "The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy". Inclusivedemocracy.org. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
Jump up ^ Weiss, Adam (2005-05-04). "A Comparison of Economic Democracy and Participatory Economics". ZMag. Archived from the original on 2009-07-29. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
Jump up ^ "Home – Thomas Jefferson". etext.virginia.edu. UVa Research Portal at UVa Library. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
^ Jump up to: a b Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Recommendations to the Congress to Curb Monopolies and the Concentration of Economic Power," April 29, 1938, in The Public Papers and Addresses of Franklin D. Roosevelt, ed. Samuel I. Rosenman, vol. 7, (New York, MacMillan: 1941), pp. 305–15.
Jump up ^ "Anti-Monopoly". TIME. 1938-05-09. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
^ Jump up to: a b Franklin D. Roosevelt, "Appendix A: Message from the President of the United States Transmitting Recommendations Relative to the Strengthening and Enforcement of Anti-trust Laws", The American Economic Review, Vol. 32, No. 2, Part 2, Supplement, Papers Relating to the Temporary National Economic Committee (Jun., 1942), pp. 119–28.
Jump up ^ Ira Chernus, "Eisenhower's Ideology in World War II," Armed Forces & Society (1997) 23(4): 595–613
^ Jump up to: a b "Military-Industrial Complex Speech, Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1961". coursesa.matrix.msu.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-08-12. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ Ricardo, David. "Chapter 1: On Value – On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
Jump up ^ Marx, Karl (1992). Chapter 1: Commodities – Capital, Volume 1. Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0140445688.
^ Jump up to: a b Marx, Karl. "Value, Price, and Profit". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
Jump up ^ Marx, Karl. "Wage Labour and Capital". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
Jump up ^ Engels, Frederick. "Competition – The Condition of the Working Class in England". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
^ Jump up to: a b Engels, Frederick. "Historical Materialism – Socialism: Utopian and Scientific". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
Jump up ^ Kautsky, Karl. "Trade Unions and Socialism". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
Jump up ^ Smith, Sharon (2006). Subterranean Fire: A History of Working Class Radicalism in the United States. Haymarket Books. p. 320. ISBN 978-1931859233.
Jump up ^ Luxembourg, Rosa. "Chapter VII: Co-operatives, Unions, Democracy – Reform or Revolution". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
Jump up ^ Martin, James J. Men Against the State, p. 173
Jump up ^ That unfree labor is acceptable to capital was argued during the 1980s by Tom Brass. See Towards a Comparative Political Economy of Unfree Labor (Cass, 1999). Marcel van der Linden (Fall 2003). "Labour History as the History of Multitudes". Labour/Le Travail. 52: 235–44. Archived from the original on 2007-12-17. Retrieved 2008-02-26.
Jump up ^ "When the Rich Make Too Much: Is it Time for a Maximum Wage?". alternet.org. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Capitalism, the Absurd System: A View from the United States". Monthly Review. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
Jump up ^ Vladimir Lenin. "Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism". Retrieved June 29, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Lenin: Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism". marxists.org. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ Lenin’s Selected Works, Progress Publishers, 1963, Moscow, Volume 1, pp. 667–766
Jump up ^ "The Doctrine of Armed Exceptionalism". Common Dreams. Retrieved 2017-02-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c Rogers, Heather. "The Conquest of Garbage". isreview.org. International Socialist Review (1997). Retrieved 2008-03-13.
Jump up ^ Hawken, Paul. "Natural Capitalism". Retrieved 2008-03-13.
Jump up ^ U.S. EPA. "Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Pie Chart". Retrieved 2008-03-13.
Jump up ^ Inman, Phillip (2006-09-30). "When your iPod isn't all that it's cracked up to be". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
Jump up ^ McMinn, David. "Planned Obsolescence: The Ultimate Economic Inefficiency". Retrieved 2008-03-13.
Jump up ^ PBS Frontline. "Interview with Naomi Klein". Retrieved 2008-03-13.
Jump up ^ Shutt, Harry (March 2010). Beyond the Profits System: Possibilities for a post-capitalist era. Zed Books. ISBN 978-1848134171.
Jump up ^ "The Unofficial Paul Krugman Web Page". pkarchive.org. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ Krugman, Paul, Wells, Robin, Economics, Worth Publishers, New York, (2006)
Jump up ^ Keynes, John Maynard (2007). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0230004764.
Jump up ^ Rea, K.J. "Monopoly, Imperfect Competition, and Oligopoly". Retrieved 2008-03-11.
Jump up ^ Brander, James A. Government policy toward business. 4th ed. Mississauga, Ontario: John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd., 2006. Print.
Jump up ^ Vladimir Lenin. "Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism". Retrieved 2008-02-26.
Jump up ^ "Socialism and Man in Cuba" A letter to Carlos Quijano, editor of Marcha, a weekly newspaper published in Montevideo, Uruguay; published as "From Algiers, for Marcha: The Cuban Revolution Today" by on March 12, 1965
Jump up ^ "Best Sellers From 1987's Book Crop". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Ravi Batra. "Regular economic cycles : money, inflation, regulation and depressions, Venus Books, 1985". Retrieved 13 October 2011.
Jump up ^ "Working Paper No. 589" (PDF). Levyinstitute.org. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
Jump up ^ [1] Archived August 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "C:\Papers\JEP-Paper\INTERG~1.dvi" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-02-23.
Jump up ^ Ravi Batra. ""The Occupy Wall Street Movement and the Coming Demise of Crony Capitalism", Foreign Affairs, October 11, 2011". Retrieved 13 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Engels, Frederick. "On the Question of Free Trade". Retrieved 2008-03-11.
Jump up ^ Easterling, Earl. "Marx's Theory of Economic Crisis". International Socialist Review. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
^ Jump up to: a b Marx, Karl. "The Communist Manifesto". Retrieved 2008-03-11.
Jump up ^ Engels, Frederick. "Part III: Socialism (Theoretical) – Anti-Duhring". Retrieved 2008-03-11.
^ Jump up to: a b c Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph. "What Is Property? An Inquiry Into the Principle of Right and Government". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
Jump up ^ D'Amato, Paul (2006). The Meaning of Marxism. Haymarket Books. p. 60. ISBN 978-1931859295.
Jump up ^ Anarchist Essays, pp. 22–23, 40. Freedom Press, London, 2000.
Jump up ^ Carson, Kevin (2007). Studies in Mutualist Political Economy. BookSurge Publishing. ISBN 978-1419658693.
^ Jump up to: a b Landes, William M.; Posner, Richard A. "An Economic Analysis of Property Law". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
Jump up ^ "de beste bron van informatie over it-environment. Deze website is te koop!" (PDF). it-environment.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-12-02. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
Jump up ^ "Geregistreerd via Argeweb". Unpop.nl. Archived from the original on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ "Industrial metabolism: Restructuring for sustainable development". unu.edu. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh and Harmen Verbruggen (1998-09-28). "EconPapers: Spatial Sustainability, Trade and Indicators". Econpapers.repec.org. Retrieved 2014-01-18.
Jump up ^ "Planning and Markets: Peter Gordon and Harry W. Richardson". -pam.usc.edu. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ [2] Archived December 25, 2005, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Capitalism's Environmental Crisis – Is Technology the Answer?". monthlyreview.org. Retrieved 2014-01-11.
Jump up ^ [3] Archived January 28, 2006, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Engels, Frederick. "The Condition of the Working Class in England". Retrieved 2008-04-16.
Jump up ^ Clark Nardinelli, economist at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. "Industrial Revolution and the Standard of Living". The concise encyclopedia of economics. The Library of Economics and Liberty. Retrieved 2008-04-20.
Jump up ^ Goldman 2003, p. 283.
Jump up ^ "B.1.2 Is capitalism hierarchical? by An Anarchist FAQ
Jump up ^ "B.1.2 Is capitalism hierarchical?" by An Anarchist FAQ
Jump up ^ Lorenzo Kom'boa Ervin. "G.6 What are the ideas of Max Stirner? in An Anarchist FAQ". Infoshop.org. Archived from the original on November 23, 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-20.
Jump up ^ "el capitalismo es sólo el efecto del gobierno; desaparecido el gobierno, el capitalismo cae de su pedestal vertiginosamente...Lo que llamamos capitalismo no es otra cosa que el producto del Estado, dentro del cual lo único que se cultiva es la ganancia, bien o mal habida. Luchar, pues, contra el capitalismo es tarea inútil, porque sea Capitalismo de Estado o Capitalismo de Empresa, mientras el Gobierno exista, existirá el capital que explota. La lucha, pero de conciencias, es contra el Estado."Anarquismo by Miguel Gimenez Igualada
Jump up ^ Ellerman 1992.
Jump up ^ "wage slave". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "wage slave". dictionary.com. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Sandel 1996, p. 184
Jump up ^ "Conversation with Noam Chomsky". Globetrotter.berkeley.edu. p. 2. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
Jump up ^ Hallgrimsdottir & Benoit 2007.
Jump up ^ "The Bolsheviks and Workers Control, 1917–1921: The State and Counter-revolution". Spunk Library. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
Jump up ^ Harrington, Austin, et al. 'Encyclopedia of Social Theory' Routledge (2006) p. 50
Jump up ^ Proudhon 1890.
Jump up ^ Marx 1969, Chapter VII
Jump up ^ Goldman 2003, p. 283
Jump up ^ Goldman, Emma. Anarchism and Other Essays. 3rd ed. 1917. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1969., p. 54.
Jump up ^ Goldman, Emma. Anarchism and Other Essays. 3rd ed. 1917. New York: Dover Publications Inc., 1969. p. 54
Jump up ^ "Conversation with Noam Chomsky, p. 2 of 5". Globetrotter.berkeley.edu. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Lindemann, Albert S. 'A History of European Socialism' Yale University Press (1983) p. 160
Jump up ^ Ely, Richard et al. 'Property and Contract in Their Relations to the Distribution of Wealth' The Macmillan Company (1914)
Jump up ^ Kevin A. Carson, Studies in Mutualist Political Economy Archived 2010-12-21 at WebCite chs. 1–3
Jump up ^ Carson, Kevin. "Intellectual Property – A Libertarian Critique". c4ss.org. Retrieved May 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ Carson, Kevin. "Industrial Policy: New Wine in Old Bottles". c4ss.org. Retrieved May 26, 2009.
Jump up ^ Richman, Sheldon, Libertarian Left, The American Conservative (March 2011)
Jump up ^ Marx, Theories of Surplus Value, III, p. 501.
Jump up ^ [4] Archived July 16, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Fred Magdoff and Michael D. Yates. "What Needs To Be Done: A Socialist View". Monthly Review. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
Jump up ^ Let's produce for use, not profit. Retrieved August 7, 2010, from worldsocialism.org: "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 16, 2010. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
Jump up ^ Professor Richard D. Wolff (2009-06-29). "Economic Crisis from a Socialist Perspective". Rdwolff.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-28. Retrieved 2014-02-23.
Jump up ^ Engels, Fredrich. Socialism: Utopian and Scientific. Retrieved October 30, 2010, from Marxists.org: http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1880/soc-utop/ch03.htm, "The bourgeoisie demonstrated to be a superfluous class. All its social functions are now performed by salaried employees."
Jump up ^ The Political Economy of Socialism, by Horvat, Branko. 1982. Chapter 1: Capitalism, The General Pattern of Capitalist Development (pp. 15–20)
^ Jump up to: a b Marx and Engels Selected Works, Lawrence and Wishart, 1968, p. 40. Capitalist property relations put a "fetter" on the productive forces.
Jump up ^ The Political Economy of Socialism, by Horvat, Branko. 1982. (p. 197)
Jump up ^ The Political Economy of Socialism, by Horvat, Branko. 1982. (pp. 197–98)
Jump up ^ Market Socialism: The Debate Among Socialists, 1998. pp. 60–61"
Jump up ^ in Encyclopædia Britannica (2009). Retrieved October 14, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/551569/socialism, "Main" summary: "Socialists complain that capitalism necessarily leads to unfair and exploitative concentrations of wealth and power in the hands of the relative few who emerge victorious from free-market competition—people who then use their wealth and power to reinforce their dominance in society."
Jump up ^ Immanuel, Wallerstein (September 1974). "The Rise and Future Demise of the World Capitalist System: Concepts for Comparative Analysis" (PDF). Comparative Studies in Society and History. 16 (4): 387–415. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Wallerstein, Immanuel. The Decline of American Power, New Press Books, p. 66
Jump up ^ Squires, Nick (18 May 2013). Pope blames tyranny of capitalism for making people miserable. The Age. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "Riba in Islam". Learndeen.com. 2008-05-29. Retrieved 2012-11-20.
Jump up ^ Last Sermon of Muhammad given on 10 Dul-hajj 10 hijra, mentioned in all book of Hadith. Sahih Bukhari mentions parts of it. Musnad Imam Ahmed recorded the longest and complete speech.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Criticism of capitalism
A Reconsideration of the Theory of Entrepreneurship: a participatory approach – critique of capitalism
How The Miners Were Robbed – 1907 anti-capitalist pamphlet by John Wheatley
Information and Economics: A Critique of Hayek by Allin F. Cottrell and W. Paul Cockshott
Value, Price and Profit – Karl Marx on the basic features of capitalism
Crisis of Capitalism by David Harvey. Royal Society of Arts. 28 June 2010.
Richard Wolff on Curing Capitalism. Moyers & Company. 22 March 2013.
Occupy was right: capitalism has failed the world. Andrew Hussey. The Guardian. 12 April 2014 (interview with Thomas Piketty).
Unless It Changes, Capitalism Will Starve Humanity By 2050. Forbes. 9 February 2016.
New Zealand's new prime minister calls capitalism a 'blatant failure'. The Independent. 22 October 2017.
show
Links to related articles
show
v
t
e
Syndicalism
Precursors
Guild socialism
Utopian socialism
Revolutions of 1848
Orthodox Marxism
Variants
Anarcho-syndicalism
Syndical Communism
National syndicalism
Revolutionary syndicalism
Yellow syndicalism
DeLeonism
Economics
Co-operative economics
Labour economics
Labour rights
General strike
Workers' self-management
Labour unionisation
Mutual aid
Organisations
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
International Workers' Association (IWA-AIT) and affiliates:
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT-AIT, Spain)
Brazilian Workers Confederation (COB)
Argentine Regional Workers' Federation (FORA)
Free Workers' Union (FAU, Germany)
Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists (CRAS, Russia)
Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund (NSF-IAA, Norway)
Solidarity Federation (SF-IWA, Britain)
Leaders
Daniel De Leon
Victor Griffuelhes
Hubert Lagardelle
Juan García Oliver
Rudolf Rocker
Georges Sorel
Fernand Pelloutier
Related subjects
Criticism of capitalism
Post-capitalism
Libertarian socialism
Criticism of wage labour
Labour power
Revisionism
Category
show
v
t
e
Liberalism
Development
Contributions to liberal theory
History of liberalism
Ideas
Civil and political rights
Cultural liberalism
Democracy
Liberal democracy
Economic liberalism
Egalitarianism
Free market
Free trade
Freedom of the press
Freedom of religion
Freedom of speech
Gender equality
Harm principle
Internationalism
Laissez-faire
Liberty
Market economy
Natural and legal rights
Negative/Positive liberty
Open society
Permissive society
Private property
Rule of law
Secularism
Separation of church and state
Social contract
Welfare state
Schools
Anarcho-capitalism
Classical liberalism
Libertarianism
Geolibertarianism
Constitutional patriotism
Civic nationalism
Conservative liberalism
Democratic liberalism
Green liberalism
Liberal feminism
Equity feminism
Liberal internationalism
Liberal socialism
Muscular liberalism
Neoliberalism
Ordoliberalism
Radical centrism
Radicalism
Religious liberalism
Christian
Islamic
Secular liberalism
Social liberalism
Technoliberalism
Key figures
Juan Bautista Alberdi
Jean le Rond d'Alembert
Rifa'a al-Tahtawi
Chu Anping
Matthew Arnold
Raymond Aron
Frédéric Bastiat
Simone de Beauvoir
Jeremy Bentham
Isaiah Berlin
Eduard Bernstein
William Beveridge
Norberto Bobbio
Ludwig Joseph Brentano
John Bright
Edmund Burke
Thomas Carlyle
Anders Chydenius
Richard Cobden
R. G. Collingwood
Marquis de Condorcet
Benjamin Constant
Benedetto Croce
Ralf Dahrendorf
Guido De Ruggiero
John Dewey
Charles Dickens
Denis Diderot
Zhang Dongsun
Ronald Dworkin
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Karl-Hermann Flach
Milton Friedman
John Kenneth Galbraith
William Lloyd Garrison
David Lloyd George
William Gladstone
Piero Gobetti
Francisco Luís Gomes
John Gray
Thomas Hill Green
Friedrich Hayek
Auberon Herbert
Thomas Hobbes
Leonard Hobhouse
John A. Hobson
Qin Hui
Wilhelm von Humboldt
Thomas Jefferson
Immanuel Kant
Namık Kemal
John Maynard Keynes
Will Kymlicka
Mariano José de Larra
John Locke
Salvador de Madariaga
James Madison
Harriet Martineau
Minoo Masani
Jules Michelet
James Mill
John Stuart Mill
John Milton
Ludwig von Mises
Donald Barkly Molteno
Leo Chiozza Money
Charles de Montesquieu
José María Luis Mora
Janusz Korwin-Mikke
Chantal Mouffe
Dadabhai Naoroji
Friedrich Naumann
Robert Nozick
Bertil Ohlin
José Ortega y Gasset
Thomas Paine
Alan Paton
Karl Popper
Richard Price
Joseph Priestley
Guillermo Prieto
François Quesnay
Ignacio Ramírez
Ayn Rand
Walther Rathenau
John Rawls
Joseph Raz
Charles Renouvier
David Ricardo
Wilhelm Röpke
Richard Rorty
Carlo Rosselli
Murray Rothbard
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Baptiste Say
Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed
Amartya Sen
Li Shenzhi
Hu Shih
Algernon Sidney
Emmanuel Sieyès
Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi
İbrahim Şinasi
Adam Smith
Hernando de Soto
Herbert Spencer
Anne Louise Germaine de Staël
William Graham Sumner
R. H. Tawney
Johan Rudolph Thorbecke
Henry David Thoreau
Alexis de Tocqueville
Antoine Destutt de Tracy
Anne Robert Jacques Turgot
Voltaire
Lester Frank Ward
Max Weber
Mary Wollstonecraft
Tao Xingzhi
Gu Zhun
Regional
variants
Africa
Egypt
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Tunisia
Zimbabwe
Asia
China
Hong Kong
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
South Korea
Philippines
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Europe
Albania
Armenia
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech lands
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Moldova
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Latin America and the Caribbean
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Cuba
Ecuador
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
North America
Canada
United States
Modern liberalism
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
Organisations
Liberal parties
Africa Liberal Network (ALN)
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE)
Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDEP)
Arab Liberal Federation
Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats (CALD)
European Democratic Party (EDP)
European Liberal Youth (LYMEC)
International Federation of Liberal Youth (IFLRY)
Liberal International
Liberal Network for Latin America (Relial)
Liberal South East European Network (LIBSEEN)
Related
Liberal bias in academia
Liberal conservatism
Liberal socialism
National liberalism
Regressive left
Portal
show
v
t
e
Anarchism
Schools
of thought
Classical
Individualist
Egoist
Mutualist
Social / Left
Collectivist
Communist
Magonist
Post-classical
Feminist
Green
Naturist
Primitivist
Vegan
Pacifist
Insurrectionary
Religious
Christian
Buddhist
Jewish
Panarchism
Without adjectives
Contemporary
Black
Cryptographic
Free-market
Agorist
Postcolonial
Post-left
Post-anarchist
Queer
Transhumanist
Philosophical
Existentialist
Voluntaryism
Theory
and practice
Types of federation
Affinity group
Anarcho-syndicalism
Synthesis anarchism
Platformism
Anarchy
Anarchist Black Cross
Anationalism
Anti-authoritarianism
Anti-militarism
Autonomous zone
Permanent
Temporary
Black bloc
Classless society
Class struggle
Commune
Human community
Model of government
Community unionism
Consensus democracy
Conscientious objector
Counter-economics
Decentralization
Deep ecology
Direct action
Direct democracy
Dual power
Especifismo
Expropriative anarchism
Free association
Free love
Free school
Freethought
Grassroots
Horizontalidad
Illegalism
Individualism
Individual reclamation
Industrial unionism
Isocracy
Law
Non-Aggression Principle
Participism
Parecon
Parpolity
Prefigurative politics
Proletarian internationalism
Propaganda of the deed
Revolution
Rewilding
Social center
Social ecology
Somatherapy
Spontaneous order
Stateless society
Squatting
Union of egoists
Issues
Anarcho-capitalism
Animal rights
Arts
Capitalism
Education
Criticisms
Islam
Marxism
Nationalism
Orthodox Judaism
Religion
Love and sex
Violence
People
17-18th c.
Gerrard Winstanley
Sylvain Maréchal
Gracchus Babeuf
19th c.
William Godwin
Max Stirner
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Josiah Warren
Henry David Thoreau
Mikhail Bakunin
Lysander Spooner
Gustave Courbet
Eugène Pottier
Camille Pissarro
Louise Michel
Élisée Reclus
Leo Tolstoy
Ravachol
Johann Most
Giovanni Passannante
Peter Kropotkin
Francisco Ferrer Guardia
Leon Czolgosz
Voltairine de Cleyre
Luigi Lucheni
20th c.
Errico Malatesta
Gustav Landauer
Luigi Galleani
Benjamin Tucker
Ricardo Flores Magón
Lucy Parsons
Alexander Berkman
Franz Kafka
Emma Goldman
Max Nettlau
Erich Mühsam
Sacco and Vanzetti
Nestor Makhno
Volin
Rudolf Rocker
Buenaventura Durruti
Albert Camus
Daniel Guérin
Federica Montseny
Jacques Ellul
Salvador Puig Antich
Abbie Hoffman
Murray Bookchin
Ivan Illich
Kurt Vonnegut
Howard Zinn
Ursula Le Guin
Noam Chomsky
Gary Snyder
Alfredo M. Bonanno
John Zerzan
Bob Black
21st c.
Subcomandante Marcos
David Graeber
Peter Gelderloos
History
19th c.
Paris Commune
Cantonal rebellion
Hague Congress
International Conference of Rome
Trial of the Thirty
Haymarket affair
May Day
20th c.
Anarchist Exclusion Act
Congress of Amsterdam
Tragic Week
High Treason Incident
Manifesto of the Sixteen
1919 United States bombings
Biennio Rosso
German Revolution of 1918–19
Bavarian Soviet Republic
Kronstadt rebellion
Third Russian Revolution
Free Territory
Amakasu incident
Escuela Moderna
Individualist anarchism in Europe (in France)
Spanish Revolution and Civil War
Barcelona May Days
Labadie Collection
May 1968
Provo
LIP
Kate Sharpley Library
Australian Anarchist Centenary
Carnival Against Capital
1999 WTO Conference protest
21st c.
Occupy movement
Culture
Films
Anarchist Bookfair
Anarcho-punk
Culture jamming
DIY culture
Freeganism
Independent Media Center
Infoshop
"The Internationale"
Jewish anarchism
"Land and liberty"
Lifestylism
"No gods, no masters"
Popular education
"Property is theft!"
Radical cheerleading
Radical environmentalism
Squatting
Symbolism
Glossary
A las Barricadas
Economics
Communization
Co-operatives
Cost the limit of price
Counter-economics
Decentralized planning
Economic democracy
Economic secession
Free store
Gift economy
Laissez-faire
Market abolitionism
Mass strike
Mutual aid
Participatory economics
Really Really Free Market
Social ownership
Wage slavery
Refusal of work
Workers' self-management
By region
Africa
Argentina
Australia
Azerbaijan
Brazil
Canada
China
Cuba
Ecuador
Egypt
France
Germany
Greece
India
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Monaco
New Zealand
Poland
Romania
Russia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Vietnam
Lists
Anarcho-punk bands
Communities
Fictional characters
Jewish anarchists
Love and sex
Musicians
Organizations
Outline of anarchism
Periodicals
Poets
Russian anarchists
Related topics
Anti-corporatism
Anti-capitalism
Anti-consumerism
Anti-fascism
Anti-globalization
Anti-statism
Anti-war
Autarchism
Autonomism
International relations theory
Classical liberalism
Labour movement
Left communism
Libertarian socialism
Libertarianism
Neozapatismo
Non-aggression principle
Situationist International
Spontaneous order
Portal
show
v
t
e
Socialism
Variants
Agrarian
Democratic
Ecological
Ethical
Guild
Liberal
Libertarian
Social anarchism
Market
Marxism and Communism
State
Authoritarian socialism
Revolutionary
Scientific
Social democracy
Socialist feminism
Syndicalism
Utopian
Religious
Buddhist
Christian
Islamic
Jewish left
Regional
African socialism
Arab socialism
Bolivarianism
Gandhian socialism
Indian socialism
Labor Zionism
Marhaenism
Naxalism
Neozapatismo
Socialism in One Country
Socialism of the 21st century
Socialist nationalism
Third World Socialism
Key topics and issues
History of socialism
Economics
State
Criticism
Concepts
Socialist mode of production
Commune (model of government)
Economic planning
Free association
Equal opportunity
Direct democracy
Adhocracy
Technocracy
Self-management
Industrial democracy
Economic democracy
Public ownership
Common ownership
Cooperative ownership
Social dividend
Basic income
Production for use
Calculation in kind
Labour voucher
Workplace democracy
People
16th c.
Thomas More
Tommaso Campanella
18th c.
Gracchus Babeuf
Henri Saint-Simon
Charles Fourier
Robert Owen
19th c.
William Thompson
Étienne Cabet
Thomas Hodgskin
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Louis Blanc
Mikhail Bakunin
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Ferdinand Lassalle
William Morris
Mary Harris Jones
Peter Kropotkin
Eduard Bernstein
Errico Malatesta
Fred M. Taylor
Eugene Debs
Georgi Plekhanov
John Dewey
Enrico Barone
W. E. B. Du Bois
Emma Goldman
Rosa Luxemburg
Vladimir Lenin
Léon Blum
Antonie Pannekoek
Bertrand Russell
Luis Emilio Recabarren
Albert Einstein
Clement Attlee
Karl Polanyi
Nestor Makhno
G. D. H. Cole
Imre Nagy
Einar Gerhardsen
20th c.
George Orwell
Léopold Sédar Senghor
Salvador Allende
François Mitterrand
Nelson Mandela
Gamal Abdel Nasser
Murray Bookchin
Alexander Dubček
Howard Zinn
Tony Benn
Noam Chomsky
Martin Luther King Jr.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Arthur Scargill
Bernie Sanders
Tariq Ali
Ken Livingstone
Abdullah Öcalan
Slavoj Žižek
Jeremy Corbyn
Cornel West
Jack Layton
Hugo Chávez
Chris Hedges
Yanis Varoufakis
Bob Crow
Pablo Iglesias
Organizations
First International (International Workingmen's Association)
Second International
Third International (Comintern)
Fourth International
Fifth International
Socialist International
Foro de São Paulo
World Federation of Democratic Youth (WFDI)
International Union of Socialist Youth (IUSY)
World Socialist Movement
International League of Religious Socialists
International Marxist Tendency
Related topics
Criticism of capitalism
Class struggle
Democracy
Dictatorship of the proletariat
Egalitarianism
Equality of outcome
Impossibilism
Internationalism
State-owned enterprise
Left-wing politics
Marxism
Mixed economy
Mode of production
Nanosocialism
Nationalization
Socialisation of production
Planned economy
Proletarian revolution
Reformism
Socialism in One Country
Socialist market economy
Post-capitalism
"The Internationale"
Trade union
Politics portal
Socialism portal
show
v
t
e
Social democracy
Precursors
Humanism
Age of Enlightenment
French Revolution
Utopian socialism
Trade unionism
Revolutions of 1848
Orthodox Marxism
Development
Revisionism
Reformism
Gradualism
Democratic socialism
Frankfurt Declaration
Keynesianism
Welfare capitalism
Third Way
Modern European socialism
Policies
Representative democracy
Civil liberties
Labor rights
Mixed economy
Land reform
Nationalization
Welfare state
Fair trade
Environmental protection
Secularism
Organizations
Social democratic parties
Socialist International
Party of European Socialists
Progressive Alliance
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
People
Jacinda Ardern
Clement Attlee
Obafemi Awolowo
José Batlle y Ordóñez
David Ben-Gurion
Eduard Bernstein
Rómulo Betancourt
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Louis Blanc
Willy Brandt
Hjalmar Branting
Gro Harlem Brundtland
Jeremy Corbyn
Bettino Craxi
Ignacy Daszyński
Eugene V. Debs
Tommy Douglas
Willem Drees
Émile Durkheim
Friedrich Ebert
Bülent Ecevit
Albert Einstein
Tage Erlander
Einar Gerhardsen
Felipe González
João Goulart
Bob Hawke
Rudolf Hilferding
Jean Jaurès
Zhang Junmai
Tetsu Katayama
Karl Kautsky
Charles Kennedy
Alexander Kerensky
Martin Luther King Jr.
Wim Kok
Ricardo Lagos
Ferdinand Lassalle
Jack Layton
René Lévesque
Ramsay MacDonald
Nelson Mandela
Evo Morales
Jawaharlal Nehru
Daniel Ortega
Olof Palme
Georgi Plekhanov
Romano Prodi
John Ruskin
Bertrand Russell
Bernie Sanders
Michael Joseph Savage
Thorvald Stauning
Norman Thomas
Joop den Uyl
Anthem
The Internationale
Portal:Politics
Portal:Economics
Portal:Socialism
show
v
t
e
Aspects of capitalism (academic views)
General
Business cycle
Competition
Economic bubble
Economic development
Entrepreneurship
Ecoprenuership
Externalities
Financial Revolution
Globalization
History of capitalist theory
Industrial Revolution
Innovation
Invention
Market failure
Merit
Multinational corporation
Oligopoly
Privatization
Profit
Property rights
Regulation
Wage labour
Wealth
Ideology
American Dream
Bipartisanship
Democracy
Free market
Individualism
Laissez-faire
Liberalism
Libertarianism
Neoliberalism
Cultural aspects
Culture of capitalism
Advertising
Consumerism
Decentralization
Economic mobility
Liberty
Mainstream
Philanthropy
Private foundation
Rule of law
Social alienation
Spontaneous order
Social aspects
Economic inequality
Employment
Freedom of association
Labour market flexibility
Labour supply
Productivity
Prosperity
Social venture capital
Unemployment
Criticism
Criticism
Anti-capitalism
Market fundamentalism
Marxism
Wage slavery
Antithesis
Anarchism
Anarcho-syndicalism
Communism
Eco-socialism
Libertarian socialism
Mercantilism
Post-scarcity economy
Sharing economy
Social anarchism
Socialism
Syndicalism
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_capitalism&oldid=856590389"
Categories:
Criticism of capitalism
Criticisms by ideology
Issues in anarchism
Marxian economics
Social philosophy
Socialism
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Webarchive template webcite links
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010
All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2010
Articles with unsourced statements from October 2010
Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010
Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2016
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Wikiquote
Languages
Català
Dansk
Deutsch
Español
Français
Galego
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Nederlands
Português
Tiếng Việt
4 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 26 August 2018, at 08:44 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href title

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: td

value: tr

value: th

attrs: class id href style

values:
NavToggle
NavToggle1
#
color: black;

attrs: class style

value: li

values:
/wiki/Rent_seeking
mw-redirect
Rent seeking

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values:
/wiki/Rhine_capitalism
mw-redirect
Rhine capitalism

values:
/wiki/State-sponsored_capitalism
mw-redirect
State-sponsored capitalism

values:
/wiki/Global_capitalism
mw-redirect
Global capitalism

values: Capitalist mode of production (Marxist theory)

values:
/wiki/Perspectives_on_capitalism
mw-redirect
Perspectives on capitalism

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0px 0px 0.4em; text-align: center; display: none;

values: Free association (communism and anarchism)

values:
/wiki/Socialism_in_one_country
mw-redirect
Socialism in one country

values: From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs

values: padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.15em;

values: padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.25em;

values:
/wiki/Socialism_in_Bangladesh
mw-redirect
Socialism in Bangladesh

values: History of the socialist movement in Brazil

values: History of the socialist movement in Canada

values:
/wiki/Socialism_in_China
mw-redirect
Socialism in China

values:
/wiki/Socialism_in_France
mw-redirect
Socialism in France

values:
/wiki/Socialism_in_South_Korea
mw-redirect
Socialism in South Korea

values: History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom

values: History of the socialist movement in the United States

values: padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em; line-height:1.1em;

values: International Committee of the Fourth International

values:
/wiki/Right-wing_socialism
mw-redirect
Right-wing socialism

values:
/wiki/Socialist_bloc
mw-redirect
Socialist bloc

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;font-weight:normal;

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-spacing:0.2em 0;

values:
/wiki/File:Anarchy-symbol.svg
image
"Circle-A" anarchy symbol

values:
/wiki/Anarchist_communism
mw-redirect
Anarchist communism

values:
/wiki/Commune_(socialism)
mw-redirect
Commune (socialism)

values:
/wiki/Social_ecology_(theory)
mw-redirect
Social ecology (theory)

values:
/wiki/Social_insertion
mw-redirect
Social insertion

values:
/wiki/Anarchism_and_anarcho-capitalism
mw-redirect
Anarchism and anarcho-capitalism

values:
/wiki/Anarchism_and_Marxism
mw-redirect
Anarchism and Marxism

values: Anarchism and issues related to love and sex

values:
/wiki/Cantonal_Revolution
mw-redirect
Cantonal Revolution

values: International Conference of Rome for the Social Defense Against Anarchists

values: International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam

values: Individualist anarchism in the United States

values:
/wiki/Bavarian_Council_Republic
mw-redirect
Bavarian Council Republic

values: Left-wing uprisings against the Bolsheviks

values:
/wiki/Amakasu_Incident
mw-redirect
Amakasu Incident

values:
/wiki/Barcelona_May_Days
mw-redirect
Barcelona May Days

values:
/wiki/Red_inverted_triangle
mw-redirect
Red inverted triangle

values: Australian Anarchist Centenary Celebrations

values:
/wiki/Red_and_Anarchist_Skinheads
mw-redirect
Red and Anarchist Skinheads

values:
/wiki/Socialization_(economics)
mw-redirect
Socialization (economics)

values:
/wiki/Anarchism_in_Ukraine
mw-redirect
Anarchism in Ukraine

values:
/wiki/Lists_of_anarchism_topics
mw-redirect
Lists of anarchism topics

values:
/wiki/Libertarian_marxism
mw-redirect
Libertarian marxism

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;

values: "The Hand That Will Rule The World—One Big Union"

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.3em; text-align: center; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); display: none;

values:
/wiki/Labour_rights
mw-redirect
Labour rights

values:
/wiki/Brazilian_Workers_Confederation
mw-redirect
Brazilian Workers Confederation

values: International Socialist League (South Africa)

values: National Libertarian Federation of Trade Unions

values: Confederacion General del Trabajo de España

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.3em; text-align: center; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.65em; white-space: nowrap; display: none;

values:
/wiki/Criticism_of_copyright
mw-redirect
Criticism of copyright

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: font-size:105%;background:transparent;text-align:left;border-top: 1px #aaa solid;padding-bottom:0;text-align:center;

values:
/wiki/Libertarian_municipalism
mw-redirect
Libertarian municipalism

values:
/wiki/Mutual_aid_(organization)
mw-redirect
Mutual aid (organization)

values:
/wiki/Common_resources
mw-redirect
Common resources

values:
/wiki/Francisco_Ferrer_Guardia
mw-redirect
Francisco Ferrer Guardia

values:
/wiki/Paul_Goodman_(writer)
mw-redirect
Paul Goodman (writer)

values:
/wiki/Johnson-Forest_Tendency
mw-redirect
Johnson-Forest Tendency

values:
/wiki/Democratic_Confederalism
mw-redirect
Democratic Confederalism

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none

values:
/wiki/Kronstadt_uprising
mw-redirect
Kronstadt uprising

values:
/wiki/Iran-PJAK_conflict
mw-redirect
Iran-PJAK conflict

values:
NavToggle
NavToggle39
#
color: rgb(182, 2, 2);

values: font-size: 105%; text-align: center; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0.6em 0.6em; display: none;

values:
NavToggle
NavToggle40
#
color: rgb(182, 2, 2);

values:
NavToggle
NavToggle41
#
color: rgb(182, 2, 2);

values:
NavToggle
NavToggle42
#
color: rgb(182, 2, 2);

values:
/wiki/Zhang_Junmai
mw-redirect
Zhang Junmai

values:
NavToggle
NavToggle43
#
color: rgb(182, 2, 2);

values: Progressive Alliance (political international)

values: text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;border-top:1px solid red;

values:
/wiki/Social_market
mw-redirect
Social market

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
quotebox pullquote floatright
width:25%; ;

values:
/wiki/Political_left
mw-redirect
Political left

values:
/wiki/Civil_rights
mw-redirect
Civil rights

values:
/wiki/Wealth_inequality
mw-redirect
Wealth inequality

values:
/wiki/Nation_states
mw-redirect
Nation states

values:
/wiki/Spam_(electronic)
mw-redirect
Spam (electronic)

values:
/wiki/Corporate_corruption
mw-redirect
Corporate corruption

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Socially_necessary_labor_time
mw-redirect
Socially necessary labor time

values:
/wiki/Reserve_army_of_labor
mw-redirect
Reserve army of labor

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2010)

values:
/wiki/Indentured_servant
mw-redirect
Indentured servant

values:
/wiki/Penal_labor
mw-redirect
Penal labor

values: Edit section: Imperialism and political oppression

values:
/wiki/Monopoly_capitalism
mw-redirect
Monopoly capitalism

values: Edit section: Inefficiency, irrationality and unpredictability

values:
/wiki/Marxian_economists
mw-redirect
Marxian economists

values:
/wiki/Efficiency_(economics)
mw-redirect
Efficiency (economics)

values:
/wiki/Economic_intervention
mw-redirect
Economic intervention

values:
/wiki/Property_is_theft
mw-redirect
Property is theft

values:
/wiki/Anarchist_communist
mw-redirect
Anarchist communist

values: The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (October 2010)

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2010)

values: This term requires quantification. (April 2010)

values: Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers

values:
/wiki/Child_labor
mw-redirect
Child labor

values:
/wiki/Shanty_towns
mw-redirect
Shanty towns

values:
/wiki/Frederich_Engels
mw-redirect
Frederich Engels

values: Edit section: Anarchist criticisms of capitalism

values:
/wiki/German_people
mw-redirect
German people

values:
/wiki/Individualist_anarchist
mw-redirect
Individualist anarchist

values:
/wiki/Economic_exploitation
mw-redirect
Economic exploitation

values:
/wiki/Libertarian_socialists
mw-redirect
Libertarian socialists

values:
/wiki/Unemployment_benefit
mw-redirect
Unemployment benefit

values:
/wiki/Socialism_(Marxism)
mw-redirect
Socialism (Marxism)

values:
/wiki/Marxian_Socialism
mw-redirect
Marxian Socialism

values:
/wiki/Utopian_socialist
mw-redirect
Utopian socialist

values:
/wiki/Power_(philosophy)
mw-redirect
Power (philosophy)

values: The rich get richer and the poor get poorer

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2010)

values:
/wiki/Social_gospel
mw-redirect
Social gospel

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2018)

values:
/wiki/Rerum_Novarum
mw-redirect
Rerum Novarum

values:
/wiki/Quadragesimo_Anno
mw-redirect
Quadragesimo Anno

values: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (June 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Crisis_(Marxian)
mw-redirect
Crisis (Marxian)

values: Socialism for the rich and capitalism for the poor

values: refbegin columns references-column-count references-column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values:
nofollow
http://www.thecorporation.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1353/anq.2006.0030

values:
nofollow
external text
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1805350

values:
nofollow
http://www.alternet.org/economy/62507/
external text

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.epa.gov/msw/facts-text.htm

values: International Socialist Review (1997) (page does not exist)

values:
nofollow
external autonumber
http://fbc.binghamton.edu/iwecol.htm

values:
/wiki/Merriam_Webster
mw-redirect
Merriam Webster

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.mutualist.org/id112.html

values:
nofollow
external text
http://c4ss.org/content/521

values:
nofollow
external text
http://c4ss.org/content/78

values:
navbox-image
6
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: navigation navbox Syndicalism padding:3px

values: background:white; -moz-box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFBF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFBF00; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFBF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFBF00; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFBF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFBF00;;colour:black; background-color:#FFBF00;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;

values: background:white; -moz-box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFBF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFBF00; -webkit-box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFBF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFBF00; box-shadow: inset 1px 1px 0 #FFBF00, inset -1px -1px 0 #FFBF00;;width:1%

values: Liberalism and progressivism within Islam

values:
/wiki/Charles_Renouvier
mw-redirect
Charles Renouvier

values: Liberalism and radicalism in Switzerland

values: Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America

values: Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe

values: Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

values: International Federation of Liberal Youth

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: background: #000; color: white;;background:#000;color:white;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;

values: background: #000; color: white;;background:#000;color:white;

values: background: #000; color: white;;width:1%;background:#1f1f1f;color:white;

values:
/wiki/Religious_anarchism
mw-redirect
Religious anarchism

values:
/wiki/Buddhist_anarchism
mw-redirect
Buddhist anarchism

values:
navbox-image
10
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
navbox-abovebelow
3
background: #000; color: white;

values: background: #dc241f; color:white;background: #dc241f;;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;

values: background: #dc241f; color:white;background: #dc241f;

values:
/wiki/Criticisms_of_socialism
mw-redirect
Criticisms of socialism

values: International League of Religious Socialists

values:
navbox-abovebelow hlist
2
background: #dc241f; color:white

values:
/wiki/Template_talk:Social_democracy
mw-redirect
Template talk:Social democracy

values:
/wiki/Modern_European_socialism
mw-redirect
Modern European socialism

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Webarchive template webcite links

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2010

values: Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases

values: Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2010

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2010

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2018

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from June 2016

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Criticism_of_capitalism
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: 자본주의에 대한 비판 – Korean

values: Kritik terhadap kapitalisme – Indonesian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Criticism_of_capitalism rootpage-Criticism_of_capitalism skin-vector action-view