text:
Military history of Scotland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Thin Red Line of 1854, by Robert Gibb, in his 1881 painting
Historically, Scotland has a long military tradition that predates the Act of Union with England. Its soldiers form part of the armed forces of the United Kingdom, more usually referred to domestically within Britain as the British Armed Forces.
Contents
[hide]
1 History prior to the Union
1.1 Royal Scots Navy
1.2 Scottish armies
1.3 Wars and battles to 1707
1.4 Castles
2 Part of the British Armed Forces
2.1 Napoleonic Wars
2.2 Victorian & Colonial Warfare
2.3 First World War
2.4 Second World War
2.5 The Cold War & The End of Empire
3 Defence establishments in Scotland
3.1 Army
3.2 Royal Naval
3.3 Royal Air Force
3.4 Military Training Areas
3.5 Industry
3.6 Royal Navy bases in Scotland
3.6.1 Former Royal Navy bases in Scotland
3.6.2 Former Royal Naval Air Stations in Scotland
3.7 Royal Air Force stations in Scotland
3.7.1 Former Royal Air Force stations in Scotland
3.8 Scottish Units in the British Army
3.8.1 Former Scottish Units in the British Army
3.9 Regular British Army Units currently based in Scotland
3.10 Scottish units that are not part of the British Army
4 Scottish regiments in other countries
4.1 Australia
4.2 Canada
4.3 France
4.4 South Africa
4.5 New Zealand
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links
History prior to the Union[edit]
Royal Scots Navy[edit]
Main articles: Royal Scots Navy and History of the Royal Navy
A carving of a birlinn from a sixteenth-century tombstone in MacDufie's Chapel, Oronsay, as engraved in 1772
There are mentions in Medieval records of fleets commanded by Scottish kings including William the Lion[1] and Alexander II. The latter took personal command of a large naval force which sailed from the Firth of Clyde and anchored off the island of Kerrera in 1249, intended to transport his army in a campaign against the Kingdom of the Isles, but he died before the campaign could begin.[2][3] Viking naval power was disrupted by conflicts between the Scandinavian kingdoms, but entered a period of resurgence in the thirteenth century when Norwegian kings began to build some of the largest ships seen in Northern European waters. These included king Hakon Hakonsson's Kristsúðin, built at Bergen from 1262–63, which was 260 feet (79 m) long, of 37 rooms.[4] In 1263 Hakon responded to Alexander III's designs on the Hebrides by personally leading a major fleet of forty vessels, including the Kristsúðin, to the islands, where they were swelled by local allies to as many as 200 ships.[5] Records indicate that Alexander had several large oared ships built at Ayr, but he avoided a sea battle.[1] Defeat on land at the Battle of Largs and winter storms forced the Norwegian fleet to return home, leaving the Scottish crown as the major power in the region and leading to the ceding of the Western Isles to Alexander in 1266.[6]
English naval power was vital to Edward I's successful campaigns in Scotland from 1296, using largely merchant ships from England, Ireland and his allies in the Islands to transport and supply his armies.[7] Part of the reason for Robert I's success was his ability to call on naval forces from the Islands. As a result of the expulsion of the Flemings from England in 1303, he gained the support of a major naval power in the North Sea.[7] The development of naval power allowed Robert to successfully defeat English attempts to capture him in the Highlands and Islands and to blockade major English controlled fortresses at Perth and Stirling, the last forcing Edward II to attempt the relief that resulted at English defeat at Bannockburn in 1314.[7] Scottish naval forces allowed invasions of the Isle of Man in 1313 and 1317 and Ireland in 1315. They were also crucial in the blockade of Berwick, which led to its fall in 1318.[7]
After the establishment of Scottish independence, Robert I turned his attention to building up a Scottish naval capacity. This was largely focused on the west coast, with the Exchequer Rolls of 1326 recording the feudal duties of his vassals in that region to aid him with their vessels and crews. Towards the end of his reign he supervised the building of at least one royal man-of-war near his palace at Cardross on the River Clyde. In the late fourteenth century naval warfare with England was conducted largely by hired Scots, Flemish and French merchantmen and privateers.[8] James I took a greater interest in naval power. After his return to Scotland in 1424, he established a shipbuilding yard at Leith, a house for marine stores, and a workshop. King's ships were built and equipped there to be used for trade as well as war, one of which accompanied him on his expedition to the Islands in 1429. The office of Lord High Admiral was probably founded in this period. In his struggles with his nobles in 1488 James III received assistance from his two warships the Flower and the King's Carvel also known as the Yellow Carvel.[8]
A model of the Great Michael in the Royal Museum
There were various attempts to create royal naval forces in the fifteenth century. James IV put the enterprise on a new footing, founding a harbour at Newhaven and a dockyard at the Pools of Airth.[9] He acquired a total of 38 ships including the Great Michael,[10] at that time, the largest ship in Europe.[10][11] Scottish ships had some success against privateers, accompanied the king on his expeditions in the islands and intervened in conflicts Scandinavia and the Baltic,[8] but were sold after the Flodden campaign and after 1516 and Scottish naval efforts would rely on privateering captains and hired merchantmen.[8] James V did not share his father's interest in developing a navy and shipbuilding fell behind the Low Countries.[12] Despite truces between England and Scotland there were periodic outbreaks of a guerre de course.[13] James V built a new harbour at Burntisland in 1542.[14] The chief use of naval power in his reign was a series of expeditions to the Isles and France.[15] After the Union of Crowns in 1603 conflict between Scotland and England ended, but Scotland found itself involved in England's foreign policy, opening up Scottish shipping to attack. In 1626 a squadron of three ships were bought and equipped.[11] There were also several marque fleets of privateers.[16] In 1627, the Royal Scots Navy and accompanying contingents of burgh privateers participated in the major expedition to Biscay.[17] The Scots also returned to West Indies[18] and in 1629 took part in the capture of Quebec.[19]
During the Bishop's Wars the king attempted to blockade Scotland and planned amphibious assaults from England on the East coast and from Ireland to the West.[20] Scottish privateers took a number of English prizes.[21] After the Covenanters allied with the English Parliament they established two patrol squadrons for the Atlantic and North Sea coasts, known collectively as the "Scotch Guard".[22] The Scottish navy was unable to withstand the English fleet that accompanied the army led by Cromwell that conquered Scotland in 1649-51 and the Scottish ships and crews were split up among the Commonwealth fleet.[23] Scottish seamen received protection against arbitrary impressment by English men of war, but a fixed quota of conscripts for the Royal Navy was levied from the sea-coast burghs during the second half of the seventeenth century.[24] Royal Navy patrols were now found in Scottish waters even in peacetime.[25] In the Second (1665–67) and Third Anglo-Dutch Wars (1672–74) between 80 and 120 captains, took Scottish letters of marque and privateers played a major part in the naval conflict.[26] In the 1690s a small fleet of five ships was established by merchants for the Darien Scheme,[27] and a professional navy was established for the protection of commerce in home waters during the Nine Years War, with three purpose-built warships bought from English shipbuilders in 1696. After the Act of Union in 1707, these vessels were transferred to the Royal Navy.[28]
Scottish armies[edit]
Main articles: Warfare in Medieval Scotland, Warfare in early modern Scotland, and Royal Scottish Army
Scottish soldiers in the period of the Hundred Years' War, detail from an edition of Froissart's Chronicles
Before the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in 1644, there was no standing army in the Kingdom of Scotland. In the Early Middle Ages war in Scotland was characterised by the use of small war-bands of household troops often engaging in raids and low level warfare.[29] By the High Middle Ages, the kings of Scotland could command forces of tens of thousands of men for short periods as part of the "common army", mainly of poorly armoured spear and bowmen. After the "Davidian Revolution" of the 12th century, which introduced elements of feudalism to Scotland, these forces were augmented by small numbers of mounted and heavily armoured knights. These armies rarely managed to stand up to the usually larger and more professional armies produced by England, but they were used to good effect by Robert I of Scotland at Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 to secure Scottish independence.[30] After the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France played a large part in the country's military activities, especially during the Hundred Years' War. In the Late Middle Ages under the Stewart kings forces were further augmented by specialist troops, particularly men-at-arms and archers, hired by bonds of manrent, similar to English indentures of the same period.[31] Archers became much sought after as mercenaries in French armies of the 15th century in order to help counter the English superiority in this arm, becoming a major element of the French royal guards as the Garde Écossaise.[32] The Stewarts also adopted major innovations in continental warfare, such as longer pikes and the extensive use of artillery. However, in the early 16th century one of the best armed and largest Scottish armies ever assembled still met with defeat at the hands of an English army at the Battle of Flodden in 1513, which saw the destruction of a large number of ordinary troops, a large section of the nobility and the king James IV.[33]
The earliest image of Scottish soldiers wearing tartan, from a woodcut c. 1631
In the sixteenth century the crown took an increasing role in the supply of military equipment.[34] The pike began to replace the spear and the Scots began to convert from the bow to gunpowder firearms.[35] The feudal heavy cavalry had begun to disappear from Scottish armies and the Scots fielded relatively large numbers of light horse, often drawn from the borders.[36] James IV brought in experts from France, Germany and the Netherlands and established a gun foundry in 1511.[15] In the early seventeenth century relatively large numbers of Scots took service in foreign armies involved in the Thirty Years War.[37] As armed conflict with Charles I in the Bishop's Wars became likely, hundreds of Scots mercenaries returned home from foreign service, including experienced leaders like Alexander and David Leslie and these veterans played an important role in training recruits.[20] These systems would form the basis of the Covenanter armies that intervened in the Civil Wars in England and Ireland.[38] Scottish infantry were generally armed, as was almost universal in Western Europe, with a combination of pike and shot. Scottish armies may also have had individuals with a variety of weapons including bows, Lochaber axes, and halberds.[39] Most cavalry were probably equipped with pistols and swords, although there is some evidence that they included lancers.[40] Royalist armies, like those led by James Graham, Marquis of Montrose (1643–44) and in Glencairn's rising (1653–54), were mainly composed of conventionally armed infantry with pike and shot.[41] Montrose's forces were short of heavy artillery suitable for siege warfare and had only a small force of cavalry.[42]
Soldier of the Black Watch c. 1740
At the Restoration the Privy Council established a force of several infantry regiments and a few troops of horse and there were attempts to found a national militia on the English model. The standing army was mainly employed in the suppression of Covenanter rebellions and the guerilla war undertaken by the Cameronians in the East.[43] Pikemen became less important in the late seventeenth century and after the introduction of the socket bayonet disappeared altogether, while matchlock muskets were replaced by the more reliable flintlock.[43] On the eve of the Glorious Revolution the standing army in Scotland was about 3,000 men in various regiments and another 268 veterans in the major garrison towns.[44] After the Glorious Revolution the Scots were drawn into King William II's continental wars, beginning with the Nine Years' War in Flanders (1689–97).[45] By the time of the Act of Union, the Kingdom of Scotland had a standing army of seven units of infantry, two of horse and one troop of Horse Guards, besides varying levels of fortress artillery in the garrison castles of Edinburgh, Dumbarton, and Stirling.[46]
Wars and battles to 1707[edit]
Main article: List of battles involving the Kingdom of Scotland
The earliest known depiction of the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314 from a 1440s manuscript of Walter Bower's Scotichronicon
Battle of Pinkie, woodcut illustration from William Patten, (1548)
Scottish–Norwegian War
Battle of Largs
Wars of Scottish Independence
First War of Scottish Independence
Battle of Dunbar
Battle of Stirling Bridge
Battle of Falkirk
Battle of Bannockburn
Second War of Scottish Independence
Battle of Halidon Hill
Battle of Nesbit Moor
Anglo-Scottish Wars
Battle of Otterburn
Battle of Nesbit Moor
War of the League of Cambrai
Battle of Flodden
Rough Wooing
Battle of Ancrum Moor
Battle of Pinkie Cleugh
Siege of Haddington
Marian civil war
Battle of Langside
Lang Siege
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
Bishops' Wars
Irish Confederate Wars
First English Civil War
Second English Civil War
Battle of Preston
Third English Civil War
Battle of Dunbar
Battle of Worcester
Jacobite Risings
Jacobite Rising (1689–92)
Battle of Killiecrankie
Castles[edit]
Main article: Scottish castles
Caerlaverock Castle, a moated triangular castle, first built in the thirteenth century
Castles arrived in Scotland with the introduction of feudalism in the twelfth century.[47] Initially these were wooden motte-and-bailey constructions,[48] but many were replaced by stone castles with a high curtain wall.[49] During the Wars of Independence, Robert the Bruce pursued a policy of castle slighting.[50] In the late Middle Ages new castles were built, some on a grander scale as "livery and maintenance" castles that could support a large garrison.[49] Gunpowder weaponry led to the use of gun ports, platforms to mount guns and walls adapted to resist bombardment.[51]
Many of the late Medieval castles built in the borders were in the form of tower houses, smaller pele towers or simpler bastle houses.[52] From the fifteenth century there was a phase of Renaissance palace building, which restructured them as castle-type palaces, beginning at Linlithgow.[53] Elements of Medieval castles, royal palaces and tower houses were used in the construction of Scots baronial estate houses, which were built largely for comfort, but with a castle-like appearance.[54][55] In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the military significance of castles declined,[56][57] but they increasingly became tourist attractions.[58] Elements of the Scots Baronial style would be revived from the late eighteenth century[59] and the trend would be confirmed in popularity by the rebuilding of Balmoral Castle in the nineteenth century and its adoption as a retreat by Queen Victoria.[60] In the twentieth century there were only isolated examples of new castle-influenced houses.[61][62]
Part of the British Armed Forces[edit]
Scottish soldier's cap worn after the 1707 Union
Comical depiction of a Scottish soldier, c.1720
Main articles: British military history and History of the British Army
After the Act of Union in 1707, the Scottish Army and Navy merged with those of England. The new British Army incorporated existing Scottish regiments, such as the Scots Guards (Marquis of Argyll's Royal Regiment), The Royal Scots 1st of Foot (Royal Regiment of Foot), King's Own Scottish Borderers 25th of Foot (Leven's Regiment), The 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot (The Earl of Angus's Regiment), Scots Greys (Scots Dragoons) and the Royal Scots Fusiliers 21st of Foot (Earl of Mar's Regiment of Foot). The three vessels of the small Royal Scottish Navy were transferred to the Royal Navy (Royal William, a fifth-rate 32-gun frigate, became HMS Edinburgh; Royal Mary, a sixth-rate 24 gun frigate, became HMS Glasgow; Dumbarton Castle, a sixth-rate frigate, became HMS Dumbarton Castle). The new Armed Forces were controlled by the War Office and Admiralty from London. From the mid-eighteenth century the British Army began to recruit relatively large numbers of Highlanders. The first official Highland regiment to be raised for the British army was the Black Watch in 1740, but the growth of Highland regiments was delayed by the 1745 Jacobite Rebellion.[63] During this period, Scottish soldiers and sailors were instrumental in supporting the expansion of the British Empire and became involved in many international conflicts. These included the War of the Spanish Succession (1702–13), the Quadruple Alliance (1718-20), the War of the Spanish Succession (1740–48), the Seven years War (1756-63) and the American Wars of Independence (1775–83).[43]
Napoleonic Wars[edit]
Scots had a notable influence in warfare during this period. Prominent sailors of the era included:
Admiral Sir Charles (John) Napier.
Admiral Adam Duncan, 1st Viscount Duncan of Camperdown, led the Royal Navy fleet that defeated the Dutch at the Battle of Camperdown on 11 October 1797.
Admiral Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald, was one of the most daring and successful captains of the Napoleonic Wars, leading the French to nickname him "le loup de mer" ("the sea wolf"). After being dismissed from the Royal Navy, he served in the rebel navies of Chile, Brazil and Greece during their wars of independence, before being reinstated as an admiral in the Royal Navy. His life and exploits were one of the inspirations for the twentieth-century novelists C. S. Forester's Horatio Hornblower and Patrick O'Brian's Jack Aubrey.
Lieutenant-general Sir John Moore.
Alexander Abercromby.
Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch.
George Ramsay, 9th Earl of Dalhousie.
Robert Craufurd.
John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun
Victorian & Colonial Warfare[edit]
First World War[edit]
Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig led the British Army on the Western Front from 1915, and oversaw some of the largest and bloodiest episodes of the war. Battles included the Somme(1916) Ypres (1917) Cambrai (1917) Amiens (1918) and Arras (1918) Due to the kilts worn by the Scottish soldiers on the World War I battlefront, their German enemies called them the "ladies from hell".[64] Haig founded the Earl Haig Poppy Fund, for ex-servicemen in the aftermath.
According to the historian T C Smout, "It is still not known how many Scots died in the war. One well-argued estimate put the figure at 110,000, equivalent to about 10 percent of the Scottish male population aged between sixteen and fifty, and probably to about 15 per cent of total British war dead — the sacrifice was higher in proportionate terms than for any other country in the Empire."[65]
Second World War[edit]
The Cold War & The End of Empire[edit]
Defence establishments in Scotland[edit]
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2012)
Army[edit]
In the wake of the Jacobite risings, several fortresses were built throughout the Highlands in the 18th century by General Wade in order to pacify the region, including Fort George, Fort Augustus and Fort William. The Ordnance Survey was also commissioned to map the region. Later, due to their topography and perceived remoteness, parts of Scotland have housed many sensitive defence establishments, some controversial. During World War II, Allied and British Commandos trained at Achnacarry in the Highlands and the island of Gruinard was used for an exercise in biological warfare. Regular British Army Garrisons currently operational in Scotland are: Fort George near Inverness; Redford Barracks and Dreghorn Barracks in Edinburgh; and Glencorse Barracks at Penicuik.
Royal Naval[edit]
Between 1960 and 1991, the Holy Loch was a base for the US Navy's fleet of Polaris-armed George Washington class ballistic missile submarines. Today, HM Naval Base Clyde, 25 miles (40 km) west of Glasgow, is the base for the four Trident-armed Vanguard class ballistic missile submarines which are armed with approximately 200 Trident nuclear warheads.[66] Since the decommissioning of free-falling bombs in 1998, the Trident SLBM system is the UK's only nuclear deterrent. HMS Caledonia at Rosyth in Fife is the support base for navy operations in Scotland and also serves as the Naval Regional Office (NRO Scotland and Northern Ireland). The Royal Navy’s LR5 and Submarine Rescue Service is based in Renfrew, near Glasgow. The Royal Navy's submarine nuclear reactor development establishment, is located at Vulcan NTRE, adjacent to Dounreay, which was the site of the UK's fast breeder nuclear reactor programme. RM Condor at Arbroath, Angus is home to 45 Commando, Royal Marines, part of 3 Commando Brigade. Also, the Fleet Protection Group Royal Marines is based at HMNB Clyde.
Since 1999, the Scottish Government has had devolved responsibility over fisheries protection duties in Scotland's Exclusive Economic Zone, carried out by the Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency, which consists of a fleet of four Offshore Patrol Vessels and two Cessna 406 maritime patrol aircraft.[67]
Royal Air Force[edit]
A single front-line Royal Air Force station is located in Scotland. RAF Lossiemouth, located in Moray, is the RAF's northern QRA(I) base, supported by 3 Squadrons of Typhoons, and is also home to a squadron of Tornado.
Military Training Areas[edit]
The only open air live depleted uranium weapons test range in the British Isles is located near Dundrennan.[68] As a result, over 7000 weakly radioactive munitions lie on the seabed of the Solway Firth.[69] In 2007, the MoD land holdings in Scotland (owned, leased or with legal rights) was 1,153 km2 representing 31.5% of the MoD's British estate.[70] Prominent Training Areas include Garelochhead, Cape Wrath, Barry Buddon, The Army Selection and Development Center in Penicuik, and Castlelaw in the Pentland Hills.
Industry[edit]
The bulk of the Royal Navy's surface fleet, such the Type 45 Destroyer HMS Daring, is designed and built by BAE Systems Surface Ships in Glasgow. Although diminished from its early 20th century heights, Glasgow remains the hub of the UK's Shipbuilding industry.
Defence contractors and related companies employ around 30,000 people in Scotland and form an important part of the economy. The principal companies operating in the country include: BAE Systems, Rolls-Royce, Raytheon, Thales and Babcock.
Royal Navy bases in Scotland[edit]
HMNB Clyde (HMS Neptune), Argyll and Bute
Rosyth Dockyard (HMS Caledonia), Fife
DM Beith, Beith, North Ayrshire
RM Condor formerly HMS Condor, Arbroath, Angus
Loch Ewe
Former Royal Navy bases in Scotland[edit]
Scapa Flow, Orkney
Invergordon, Easter Ross
Port Edgar, South Queensferry, City of Edinburgh
HMS Cochrane, Rosyth
Port HHZ, Loch a' Chàirn Bhàin, Kylesku, Sutherland, Highland
HMS Columbine. Royal Navy Destroyer Depot. Based at Port Edgar 1917–1938
HMS Curlew, Inellan, Dunoon, Argyll & Bute Harbour Defence Depot
HMS Dundonald, Troon, Combined Operations Craft Working up base
HMS Hopetoun. Combined Operations Training Centre. Based at Port Edgar 1943–1945
HMS Lochinvar. Minesweeping & Fisheries Protection Depot. Based at Port Edgar 1939–1943 and 1946–1975. Based at Granton 1943–1946
HMS Quebec, Inverary, Argyll & Bute, Combined Operations Craft Working up base
HMS Varbel, Port Bannatyne, Argyll & Bute, Midget Submarine training shore base
HMS Western Isles, Tobermory, Argyll & Bute, Anti-Submarine Working Up base
Former Royal Naval Air Stations in Scotland[edit]
HMS Condor, Arbroath, Angus
HMS Fieldfare, Evanton, Ross and Cromarty, Highland
HMS Fulmar, Lossiemouth, Moray
HMS Gannet, Prestwick, South Ayrshire
HMS Jackdaw, Crail, Fife
HMS Landrail, Macrihanish, Argyll and Bute
HMS Merganser, Rattray, Aberdeenshire
HMS Merlin, Donibristle, Fife
HMS Nighthawk, Drem, East Lothian
HMS Owl, Fearn, Wester Ross, Highland
HMS Peewit, East Haven, Angus
HMS Robin, Grimsetter, Kirkwall, Orkney
HMS Sanderling, Abbotsinch, Renfrewshire: (Now Glasgow International Airport)
HMS Sparrowhawk, Hatston, Orkney
HMS Tern, Twatt, Orkney
HMS Wagtail, Heathfield, Ayr, South Ayrshire
Royal Air Force stations in Scotland[edit]
RAF Lossiemouth No. 617 Squadron RAF Tornado GR4 aircraft
RAF Benbecula
RAF Kirknewton
RAF Lossiemouth
RAF Tain
Former Royal Air Force stations in Scotland[edit]
RAF Alness
RAF Annan
RAF Banff
RAF Bishopbriggs
RAF Black Isle
RAF Bowmore
RAF Brackla
RAF Buchan
RAF Buttergask
RAF Castle Kennedy
RAF Castletown
RAF Charterhall
RAF Connel
RAF Dalcross
RAF Dallachy
RAF Dornoch
RAF Drem
RAF Dumfries
RAF Dundonald
RAF Dunino
RAF Dyce
RAF East Fortune
RAF Edzell
RAF Elgin
RAF Errol
RAF Fordoun
RAF Forres
RAF Fraserburgh
RAF Gailes
RAF Grangemouth
RAF Greenock
RAF Helensburgh
RAF Inverness
RAF Isbister Bay
RAF Kidsdale (Burrow Head)
RAF Kinloss
RAF Kirkandrews
RAF Kirkpatrick
RAF Kirkton
RAF Kirkwall
RAF Largs
RAF Leanach
RAF Lennoxlove
RAF Lerwick
RAF Leuchars
RAF Lossiemouth
RAF Low Eldrig
RAF Machrihanish
RAF Milltown
RAF Montrose
RAF Oban
RAF Perth
RAF Peterhead
RAF Portellon
RAF Prestwick
RAF Renfrew
RAF Saxa Vord
RAF Skatsa
RAF Skeabrae
RAF Skitten
RAF Stornoway
RAF Stravithie
RAF Sullom Voe
RAF Sumburgh
RAF Tealing
RAF Tiree
RAF Turnberry
RAF Turnhouse
RAF Twatt
RAF West Freugh
RAF Whitefield
RAF Wick
RAF Windyhead
RAF Wigtown
RAF Winterseugh
RAF Woodhaven
Scottish Units in the British Army[edit]
Previously within the British Army, the Scottish Infantry comprised a number of 'county regiments', each recruiting from a local area. In 2006, the remaining regiments, known collectively as the Scottish Division, were amalgamated to form the Royal Regiment of Scotland. The amalgamation was vigorously opposed by veterans and supporters of the old regiments. Scottish soldiers also serve in all Combat Support Arms and Services (RA, RE, Signals, Intelligence, AAC, RLC, AGC, REME and AMS), Special Forces, the Household Cavalry and the Parachute Regiment of the British Army, with the following current Formations and Units having specific Scottish connections:
51 (Scottish) Brigade
52 Infantry Brigade
Royal Regiment of Scotland
Scots Guards
Royal Scots Dragoon Guards
1st Royal Tank Regiment
19th Regiment Royal Artillery
40th Regiment Royal Artillery
A (London Scottish) Company London Regiment
105th Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers)
32 (Scottish) Signal Regiment
The Scottish Transport Regiment
A (Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry) & C (Fife and Forfar Yeomanry/Scottish Horse) Squadrons of the Queen's Own Yeomanry Regiment
Former Scottish Units in the British Army[edit]
9th (Scottish) Division
15th (Scottish) Division
51st (Highland) Division
52nd (Lowland) Division
Highland Brigade
Lowland Brigade
4th Royal Tank Regiment
The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)
Glasgow Highlanders
The Gordon Highlanders
Highland Light Infantry
King's Own Scottish Borderers
Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders
Queen's Own Highlanders (Seaforth and Camerons)
The Royal Scots
Royal Scots Fusiliers
Scots Greys
Seaforth Highlanders
93rd (Sutherland) Highlanders
Liverpool Scottish
2nd Division (disbanded 2012)
Regular British Army Units currently based in Scotland[edit]
The Royal Highland Fusiliers, 2nd Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland - Glencorse Barracks
The Black Watch, 3rd Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland - Fort George
3rd Battalion, The Rifles - Redford Barracks
Balaklava Company (Argylls) 5th Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland - Redford Barracks Edinburgh
Scottish units that are not part of the British Army[edit]
Atholl Highlanders
Royal Company of Archers
High Constables of Holyroodhouse
Scottish regiments in other countries[edit]
Australia[edit]
List of active regiments in the Australian Army:
5th/6th Battalion, Royal Victoria Regiment (Victorian Scottish Regiment)
10th/27th Battalion, Royal South Australia Regiment (South Australian Scottish Regiment)
16th Battalion, Royal Western Australia Regiment (Cameron Highlanders)
41st Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment (Byron Scottish Regiment)
List of former Scottish regiments in Australia:
30th Battalion (The New South Wales Scottish Regiment)
61st Battalion (The Queensland Cameron Highlanders)
List of former Scottish regiments in the Australian colonial forces:
Byron Regiment (Sutherland)
New South Wales Scottish Regiment
South Australian Scottish Regiment
Victorian Scottish Regiment (VSR)
Canada[edit]
List of active regiments in the Canadian Forces:
42nd Field Artillery Regiment (Lanark and Renfrew Scottish), RCA
48th Highlanders of Canada 1891
The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's) 1903
The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada 1862
The Calgary Highlanders 1910
The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (Duke of Edinburgh's Own) 1881
The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's) 1912
The Essex and Kent Scottish 1954
The Lake Superior Scottish Regiment 1905
The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment) 1866
The Nova Scotia Highlanders 1871
The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada 1910
The Royal Highland Fusiliers of Canada late 1940s
The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada 1910
The Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders 1804
The Toronto Scottish Regiment (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's Own) 1920
Defunct Scottish regiments, many merged to former larger regiments:
The Essex Scottish Regiment 1885–1954 – merged into The Essex and Kent Scottish
The Pictou Highlanders 1871–1954, Cape Breton Highlanders 1871–1954 and The North Nova Scotia Highlanders – 1936–1954 merged to form The Nova Scotia Highlanders
Highland Light Infantry of Canada 1886–1954 – merged into The Perth and Waterloo Regiment (Highland Light Infantry of Canada)
The New Brunswick Scottish 1946–1954 – merged into The Royal New Brunswick Regiment
16th Canadian Battalion (The Canadian Scottish), CEF 1914–1920 – disbanded
The 13th Scottish Light Dragoons 1872–1936 – disbanded
Lorne Rifles (Scottish) – became The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment)
Cameronians Regiment of Foot
Glengarry Fencibles, Glengarry Light Infantry
France[edit]
Inactive regiments of the French Army:
Garde Écossaise 1418-1830
Gens d’Armes Ecossais (Scots Men-At-Arms) - formed 1419 and dissolved 1791
South Africa[edit]
There are three regiments in the South African Defence Force with Scottish roots:
Pretoria Highlanders 1939
Transvaal Scottish Regiment 1902
Cape Town Highlanders Regiment 1885
New Zealand[edit]
New Zealand Scots Regiment (1st NZ Scottish Regiment and 1st Armoured Car Regiment) was raised in 1939 and renamed 1990 as New Zealand Scottish and disbanded amongst other units:
1st Royal New Zealand Armoured Regiment of the Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps
See also[edit]
Scotland portal
British Army portal
Nemo me impune lacessit
Scottish National War Memorial
National War Museum of Scotland
Army School of Bagpipe Music and Highland Drumming
Claymore
Schiltron
Tam o'Shanter
Earl Haig Fund Scotland
Edinburgh Military Tattoo
Highland charge
Lord High Constable of Scotland
Scottish Militia Bill 1708
The Poker Club
Garde du Corps
The Thin Red Line (1854 battle)
Scottish regiment
Scottish War Memorials
Munitions production:
HM Factory, Gretna
Nobel Industries (Scotland)
ROF Bishopton
ROF Dalmuir
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b P. F. Tytler, History of Scotland, Volume 2 (London: Black, 1829), pp. 309-10.
Jump up ^ J. Hunter, Last of the Free: A History of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland (London: Random House, 2011), ISBN 1-78057-006-6, pp. 106–111.
Jump up ^ A. Macquarrie, Medieval Scotland: Kinship and Nation (Thrupp: Sutton, 2004), ISBN 0-7509-2977-4, p. 147.
Jump up ^ N. A. M. Rodger, The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain 660-1649 (London: Penguin UK, 2004), ISBN 0-14-191257-X, pp. 74-5.
Jump up ^ P. J. Potter, Gothic Kings of Britain: the Lives of 31 Medieval Rulers, 1016-1399 (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2008), ISBN 0-7864-4038-4, p. 157.
Jump up ^ A. Macquarrie, Medieval Scotland: Kinship and Nation (Thrupp: Sutton, 2004), ISBN 0-7509-2977-4, p. 153.
^ Jump up to: a b c d N. A. M. Rodger, The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Britain. Volume One 660-1649 (London: Harper, 1997) pp. 74-90.
^ Jump up to: a b c d J. Grant, "The Old Scots Navy from 1689 to 1710", Publications of the Navy Records Society, 44 (London: Navy Records Society, 1913-4), pp. i-xii.
Jump up ^ N. Macdougall, James IV (Tuckwell, 1997), p. 235.
^ Jump up to: a b T. Christopher Smout, Scotland and the Sea (Edinburgh: Rowman and Littlefield, 1992), ISBN 0-85976-338-2, p. 45.
^ Jump up to: a b S. Murdoch, The Terror of the Seas?: Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513-1713 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), ISBN 90-04-18568-2, pp. 33-4.
Jump up ^ J. E. A. Dawson, Scotland Re-Formed, 1488-1587 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), ISBN 0748614559, pp. 181-2.
Jump up ^ S. Murdoch, The Terror of the Seas?: Scottish Maritime Warfare 1513-1713 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), ISBN 9004185682, p. 39.
Jump up ^ T. Andrea, The Princelie Majestie: The Court of James V of Scotland 1528-1542 (Birlinn, 2005), p. 164.
^ Jump up to: a b J. E. A. Dawson, Scotland Re-Formed, 1488-1587 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), ISBN 0-7486-1455-9, p. 76.
Jump up ^ S. Murdoch, The Terror of the Seas?: Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513-1713 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), ISBN 90-04-18568-2, p. 169.
Jump up ^ R. B. Manning, An Apprenticeship in Arms: The Origins of the British Army 1585-1702 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), ISBN 0199261490, p. 118.
Jump up ^ S. Murdoch, The Terror of the Seas?: Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513-1713 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), ISBN 90-04-18568-2, p. 172.
Jump up ^ S. Murdoch, The Terror of the Seas?: Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513-1713 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), ISBN 90-04-18568-2, p. 174.
^ Jump up to: a b J. S. Wheeler, The Irish and British Wars, 1637-1654: Triumph, Tragedy, and Failure (London: Routledge, 2002), ISBN 0415221315, pp. 19-21.
Jump up ^ S. Murdoch, The Terror of the Seas?: Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513-1713 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), ISBN 90-04-18568-2, p. 198.
Jump up ^ S. Murdoch, The Terror of the Seas?: Scottish Maritime Warfare, 1513-1713 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), ISBN 90-04-18568-2, pp. 204-10.
Jump up ^ S. Murdoch, The Terror of the Seas?: Scottish Maritime Warfare 1513-1713 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), ISBN 9004185682, p. 239.
Jump up ^ D. Brunsman, The Evil Necessity: British Naval Impressment in the Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World (University of Virginia Press, 2013), ISBN 0813933528.
Jump up ^ A.Campbell, A History of Clan Campbell: From The Restoration To The Present Day (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004), ISBN 0748617906, p. 44.
Jump up ^ S. Murdoch, The Terror of the Seas?: Scottish Maritime Warfare 1513-1713 (Leiden: Brill, 2010), ISBN 9004185682, pp. 239-41.
Jump up ^ A. I. MacInnes and A. H. Williamson, eds., Shaping the Stuart World, 1603-1714: The Atlantic Connection (Brill, 2006), ISBN 900414711X, p. 349.
Jump up ^ J. Grant, "The Old Scots Navy from 1689 to 1710", Publications of the Navy Records Society, 44 (London: Navy Records Society, 1913-4), p. 48.
Jump up ^ L. Alcock, Kings and Warriors, Craftsmen and Priests in Northern Britain AD 550–850 (Edinburgh: Society of Antiquaries of Scotland), ISBN 0-903903-24-5, p. 56.
Jump up ^ M. Brown, Bannockburn: the Scottish War and the British Isles, 1307-1323 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008), ISBN 0-7486-3333-2, pp. 95-9.
Jump up ^ M. Brown, The Wars of Scotland, 1214-1371 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004), ISBN 0-7486-1238-6, p. 58.
Jump up ^ P. Contamine, "Scottish soldiers in France in the second half of the 15th century: mercenaries, immigrants, or Frenchmen in the making?" in G. G. Simpson, ed., The Scottish Soldier Abroad, 1247-1967 (Edinburgh: Rowman & Littlefield, 1992), ISBN 0-85976-341-2, pp. 16-30.
Jump up ^ J. Wormald, Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470-1625 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN 0-7486-0276-3, p. 19.
Jump up ^ G. Phillips, The Anglo-Scots Wars, 1513-1550: A Military History (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1999), ISBN 0851157467, p. 61.
Jump up ^ G. Phillips, The Anglo-Scots Wars, 1513-1550: A Military History (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1999), ISBN 0851157467, p. 68.
Jump up ^ G. Phillips, The Anglo-Scots Wars, 1513-1550: A Military History (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1999), ISBN 0851157467, pp. 69-70.
Jump up ^ R. Mitchison, A History of Scotland (London: Routledge, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 0415278805, p. 183.
Jump up ^ J. S. Wheeler, The Irish and British Wars, 1637-1654: Triumph, Tragedy, and Failure (London: Routledge, 2002), ISBN 0415221315, p. 48.
Jump up ^ P. Edwards, S. Murdoch and A. MacKillop, Fighting for Identity: Scottish Military Experience c. 1550-1900 (Leiden: Brill, 2002), ISBN 9004128239, p. 240.
Jump up ^ M. C. Fissel, The Bishops' Wars: Charles I's Campaigns Against Scotland, 1638-1640 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), ISBN 0521466865, p. 28.
Jump up ^ S. Reid, The Campaigns of Montrose: A Military History of the Civil War in Scotland 1639-1646 (Mercat Press, 1990), ISBN 0901824925, p. 51.
Jump up ^ J. Barratt, Cavalier Generals: King Charles I and his Commanders in the English Civil War, 1642-46 (Pen & Sword Military, 2004), ISBN 184415128X, p. 169.
^ Jump up to: a b c E. M. Furgol, "Warfare, weapons and fortifications: 3 1600-1700" in M. Lynch, ed., The Oxford Companion to Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), ISBN 0-19-211696-7, pp. 637-8.
Jump up ^ J. Young, "Army: 1600-1750" in M. Lynch, ed., The Oxford Companion to Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), ISBN 0-19-211696-7, pp. 24-5.
Jump up ^ Leask, Anthony (2006). Sword of Scotland: Our Fighting Jocks. Pen and Sword Books Limited. p. 85. ISBN 184415405X.
Jump up ^ D. Grove, and C. Abraham, Fortress Scotland and the Jacobites (Batsford/Historic Scotland, 1995), ISBN 978-0-7134-7484-8, p. 38.
Jump up ^ G. G. Simpson and B. Webster, "Charter Evidence and the Distribution of Mottes in Scotland", in R. Liddiard, ed., Anglo-Norman Castles (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2003), ISBN 978-0-85115-904-1, p. 225.
Jump up ^ T. W. West, Discovering Scottish Architecture (Botley: Osprey, 1985), ISBN 0-85263-748-9, p. 21.
^ Jump up to: a b T. W. West, Discovering Scottish Architecture (Botley: Osprey, 1985), ISBN 0-85263-748-9, p. 26.
Jump up ^ J. S. Hamilton, The Plantagenets: History of a Dynasty (London: Continuum, 2010), ISBN 1-4411-5712-3, p. 116.
Jump up ^ T. W. West, Discovering Scottish Architecture (Botley: Osprey, 1985), ISBN 0-85263-748-9, p. 27.
Jump up ^ S. Reid, Castles and Tower Houses of the Scottish Clans, 1450–1650 (Botley: Osprey, 2006), ISBN 1-84176-962-2, p. 12.
Jump up ^ M. Glendinning, R. MacInnes and A. MacKechnie, A History of Scottish Architecture: From the Renaissance to the Present Day (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1996), ISBN 0-7486-0849-4, p. 16.
Jump up ^ J. Summerson, Architecture in Britain, 1530 to 1830 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 9th edn., 1993), ISBN 0-300-05886-1, pp. 502–11.
Jump up ^ J. Summerson, Architecture in Britain, 1530 to 1830 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 9th edn., 1993), ISBN 0-300-05886-1, p. 502.
Jump up ^ I. D. Whyte, and K. A. Whyte, The Changing Scottish Landscape, 1500–1800 (London: Routledge, 1991), ISBN 978-0-415-02992-6, p. 77.
Jump up ^ S. Reid, Castles and Tower Houses of the Scottish Clans, 1450–1650 (Botley: Osprey, 2006), ISBN 1-84176-962-2, p. 57.
Jump up ^ K. H. Grenier, Tourism and Identity in Scotland, 1770–1914: Creating Caledonia (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), ISBN 978-0-7546-3694-6, pp. 19 and 152.
Jump up ^ A. Jackson, The Two Unions: Ireland, Scotland, and the Survival of the United Kingdom, 1707–2007 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), ISBN 0-19-959399-X, p. 152.
Jump up ^ H.-R. Hitchcock, Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 4th edn., 1989), ISBN 0-300-05320-7, p. 146.
Jump up ^ D. Mays, "Housing: 4 Country seat, c. 1600–Present", in M. Lynch, ed., Oxford Companion to Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), ISBN 0-19-969305-6, pp. 326–8.
Jump up ^ "New hotel is Scotland's first castle of the 21st century". Sourcewire. 10 August 2007.
Jump up ^ A. Mackillop, "Highland Regiments 1750-1830" in M. Lynch, ed., The Oxford Companion to Scottish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), ISBN 0-19-211696-7, pp. 25-6.
Jump up ^ "Ladies From Hell, Chicago Chapter". 28 July 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
Jump up ^ T C Smout, A Century of The Scottish People, 1830-1950, Collins 1986, p.267
Jump up ^ House of Commons Written Answers, Hansard, 14 Jul 1998 : Column: 171
Jump up ^ Scottish Fisheries Protection Agency
Jump up ^ BBC Scotland News Online "DU shell test-firing resumes", BBC Scotland News, 2001-02-21. Retrieved on 2006-09-13. (in English)
Jump up ^ Parliament of the United Kingdom - Debates 7 February 2001 Depleted Uranium (Shelling)
Jump up ^ UK Defence Statistics, 2005 [1].
Further reading[edit]
Dziennik, Matthew. "Fatal land: war, empire, and the Highland soldier in British America, 1756-1783." (PhD dissertation, University of Edinburgh, 2011). Online, With detailed bibliography
Henshaw, Victoria. Scotland and the British Army, 1700-1750: Defending the Union (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014)
Kenyon, John, and Jane Ohlmeyer. The British and Irish Civil Wars: A Military History of Scotland, Ireland, and England, 1638-1660 (1998).
Konstam, Angus, and Peter Dennis. Strongholds of the Picts: The fortifications of Dark Age Scotland (2013)
Murdoch, Steve, and A. Mackillop. Fighting for Identity: Scottish Military Experience C. 1550-1900 (2003)
Peters, David. Scotland's Military History (2013)
Phillips, Gervase. The Anglo-Scots Wars, 1513-1550: A Military History (1999)
Scobie, Ian Hamilton Mackay, ed. The Scottish regiments of the British army (Oliver and Boyd, 1942)
Spiers, Edward M. and Jeremy A. Crang. A Military History of Scotland (2014)
Spiers, Edward M. The Scottish Soldier and Empire, 1854-1902 (Edinburgh University Press, 2006).
Wood, Stephen. The Scottish Soldier: An illustrated social and military history of Scotland's fighting men through two thousand years (1999)
External links[edit]
National War Museum of Scotland, National Museums of Scotland
Military Collection, Historic Scotland
Military Records, National Archives of Scotland
Military Records, Scottish Archive Network
Scots at War Trust, Fettes College
Regimental Page, Fettes College
Scottish War Memorials Forum (public access forum recording all of Scotland's War Memorials)
Scottish Military Research Group
Scottish Military History Website
Scottish Military History Website
Quick Guide to Scottish Regiments
[show]
v
t
e
Royal Regiment of Scotland
Battalions
RSB (1 SCOTS)
RHF (2 SCOTS)
BW (3 SCOTS)
HLDRS (4 SCOTS)
52 LOWLAND (6 SCOTS)
51 HIGHLAND (7 SCOTS)
Predecessors
1st generation
Royal Scots (1633–2006)
42nd Regiment of Foot ( 1661–1881)
Royal Scots Fusiliers (1678–1959)
King's Own Scottish Borderers (1689–2006)
73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of Foot (1756–1881)
71st (Highland) Regiment of Foot (1758–1881)
91st (Argyllshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot (1759–1881)
74th (Highland) Regiment of Foot (1787–1881)
75th (Stirlingshire) Regiment of Foot (1787–1881)
72nd Regiment, Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders (1788–1881)
Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders (1793–1961)
78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot (1793–1881)
92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot (1794–1881)
93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot (1799–1881)
2nd generation
Highland Light Infantry (1881–1959)
Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) (1881–2006)
Seaforth Highlanders (1881–1961)
Gordon Highlanders (1881–1994)
Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (1881–2006)
3rd generation
Royal Highland Fusiliers (1959–2006)
Queen's Own Highlanders (Seaforth and Camerons) (1961–1994)
Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons) (1994–2006)
Victoria Cross
Joseph Prosser
Henry Howey Robson
William Angus
Robert Dunsire
Henry Reynolds
Hugh McIver
Roland Elcock
David Stuart McGregor
David Ferguson Hunter
Charles Thomas Kennedy
George Rodgers
George Wilson
William Herbert Anderson
Frank Gerald Blaker
Walter Lorrain Brodie
William Edwards
John Brown Hamilton
Alexander Gore Hore-Ruthven
John Shaul
James Youll Turnbull
Gustavus Hamilton Blenkinsopp Coulson
Daniel Laidlaw
John Kendrick Skinner
William Henry Grimbaldeston
Louis McGuffie
Bill Speakman
Francis Edward Henry Farquharson
John Simpson
Alexander Thompson
James Davis
Edward Spence
William Gardner
Walter Cook
Duncan Millar
Samuel McGaw
Thomas Edwards
John Ripley
David Finlay
Charles Melvin
Lewis Pugh Evans
Andrew Cathcart Bogle
Joseph Petrus Hendrik Crowe
Herbert Taylor MacPherson
Joseph Jee
Valentine Munbee McMaster
Stewart McPherson
Henry Ward
James Hollowell
Aylmer Spicer Cameron
George Sellar
John MacKenzie
Sidney William Ware
Walter Potter Ritchie
Thomas Steele
Donald MacKintosh
Alexander Edwards
Robert McBeath
John Meikle
Angus Falconer Douglas-Hamilton
James Dalgleish Pollock
Ross Tollerton
Thomas Beach
Richard Wadeson
Patrick Green
Cornelius Coughlan
George White
William Henry Dick-Cunyngham
Edward Lawson
George Findlater
Matthew Meiklejohn
William Robertson
Ernest Towse
John Frederick MacKay
William Eagleson Gordon
David Reginald Younger
William Kenny
James Anson Otho Brooke
George Imlach McIntosh
Allan Ebenezer Ker
George Allan Mitchell
John Dunlay
William George Drummond Stewart
Peter Grant
David MacKay
James Munro
John Paton
William McBean
John Aidan Liddell
Reginald Graham
Arthur Henderson
John Crawford Buchan
David Lowe MacIntyre
William Davidson Bissett
Lorne MacLaine Campbell
John Thompson McKellar Anderson
Kenneth Muir
See also
Scots Guards
Royal Scots Dragoon Guards
Scottish Division
Highland Brigade
Lowland Brigade
Scottish regiment
Military history of Scotland
Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)
[show]
v
t
e
Militaries of Europe
Sovereign states
Albania
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Greenland
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Kazakhstan
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
Vatican City
States with limited
recognition
Abkhazia
Artsakh
Kosovo
Northern Cyprus
South Ossetia
Transnistria
Other entities
European Union
Sovereign Military Order of Malta
[show]
v
t
e
Scotland articles
List of topics
History
Timeline
Prehistoric
Roman times
Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages
Kingdom
High Middle Ages
Davidian Revolution
Wars of Independence
Late Middle Ages
Renaissance
Early modern
Reformation
Colonisation of the Americas
Glorious Revolution
1707 Acts of Union
Jacobitism
Enlightenment
Lowland Clearances
Highland Clearances
Industrial Revolution
Romanticism
Modern
Geography
Anglo-Scottish border
Central Belt
Climate
Fauna
Flora
Geology
Highlands
Islands
Lochs
Lowlands
Mountains and hills
Waterfalls
Politics
Government
Politics
Devolution
Elections
First Minister
Government
Human rights
LGBT rights
Independence
Local government
Military
Monarchs
Parliament
Political parties
Republicanism
Scotland Office
Secretary of State
Nationalism
Unionism
Law
Advocate General
Courts
Crown Office
Lord Advocate
Lord President
Procurator fiscal
Solicitor General
Sheriff principal
College of Justice
Udal law
Economy
Agriculture
Bank of Scotland
Charities
Companies
Fishing
Harris Tweed
Housing
Media
North Sea oil
Power stations
Renewable energy
Royal Bank of Scotland
Tourism
Transport
Whisky
Silicon Glen
Unemployment
Society
Culture
Architecture
Art
Clans
Cuisine
Education
Hogmanay
Identity
Inventions and discoveries
Literature
Museums
Music
Oldest buildings
Performing arts
Prostitution
Royal National Mòd
Sport
Surnames
Symbols
anthem
coat of arms
flags
Tartan
unicorn
World Heritage Sites
Demographics
Languages
Highland English
Scottish English
Scottish Gaelic
Scots
British Sign Language
People (list)
Actors
Artists
Inventors
Musicians
Scientists
Writers
Religion
Bahá'í Faith
Buddhism
Christianity
Christmas
Church of Scotland
General Assembly
Moderators
Roman Catholicism
Scottish Episcopal Church
Hinduism
Islam
Judaism
Sikhism
Outline
Category
Portal
[show]
v
t
e
Kingdom of Scotland
History
Timeline
Prehistoric
Roman times
Early Middle Ages
High Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
Davidian Revolution
Wars of Independence
Late Middle Ages
Renaissance
Reformation
Union of the Crowns
Jacobean era
Wars of the Three Kingdoms
Interregnum
Commonwealth
Restoration
Popish Plot
Glorious Revolution
Maritime history
Economy in the Middle Ages
Colonization of the Americas
Darien scheme
Union with England
Royal Houses
Alpin
Balliol
Bruce
Dunkeld
Orange-Nassau
Stuart
Sverre
Politics
and law
Court
Estates of Parliament
General Council
Convention of the Estates
Monarchy
Guardian
Peerage
Privy Council
Government
Medieval
Early Modern
Acts of Parliament
to 1707
Lord Chancellor
Secretary of State
Regiam Majestatem
Whigs
Covenanters
Military
Gaelic warfare
Medieval warfare
Early modern warfare
Royal Scots Army
Royal Scots Navy
History
Lord High Admiral
Ships
Geography
Burghs
Castles
Islands
Palaces
Places
Shires
Demographics
Scots language
Scottish Gaelic
Scottish people
list
Culture
Art
Church of Scotland
Country dance
Cuisine
Highland dance
Mythology
Religion
Architecture
Vernacular
Medieval
Early Modern
Castles
Churches
Palladian
Jacobean
Georgian
Scottish Baronial
Neoclassic
Symbols
National flag
Union Flag
list
Heraldry
Court of the Lord Lyon
Royal coat of arms
Royal Banner
Crown Jewels
Scots pine
Thistle
St Andrew
St Andrew's Day
Unicorn
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_history_of_Scotland&oldid=799002612"
Categories:
Military of Scotland
Highland regiments
Scottish regiments
Hidden categories:
Use dmy dates from May 2012
Use British English from May 2012
Articles needing additional references from December 2011
All articles needing additional references
Wikipedia articles in need of updating from April 2012
All Wikipedia articles in need of updating
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Français
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 5 September 2017, at 02:17.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/The_Thin_Red_Line_(1854_battle)
mw-redirect
The Thin Red Line (1854 battle)

values:
/wiki/British_military_history
mw-redirect
British military history

values:
/wiki/Armed_forces
mw-redirect
Armed forces

values: Edit section: History prior to the Union

values:
/wiki/Hakon_Hakonsson
mw-redirect
Hakon Hakonsson

values:
/wiki/Cardross,_Argyll_and_Bute
mw-redirect
Cardross, Argyll and Bute

values:
/wiki/Lord_High_Admiral_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
Lord High Admiral of Scotland

values:
/wiki/Michael_(ship)
mw-redirect
Michael (ship)

values:
/wiki/Royal_Museum
mw-redirect
Royal Museum

values:
/wiki/Guerre_de_course
mw-redirect
Guerre de course

values:
/wiki/Union_of_Crowns
mw-redirect
Union of Crowns

values:
/wiki/Darien_Scheme
mw-redirect
Darien Scheme

values:
/wiki/Royal_Scottish_Army
mw-redirect
Royal Scottish Army

values: Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms

values:
/wiki/Kings_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
Kings of Scotland

values:
/wiki/Royal_House_of_Stewart
mw-redirect
Royal House of Stewart

values:
/wiki/Thirty_Years_War
mw-redirect
Thirty Years War

values:
/wiki/Socket_bayonet
mw-redirect
Socket bayonet

values:
/wiki/King_William_III
mw-redirect
King William III

values: List of battles involving the Kingdom of Scotland

values:
/wiki/Jacobite_rising
mw-redirect
Jacobite rising

values:
/wiki/Scottish_Wars_of_Independence
mw-redirect
Scottish Wars of Independence

values:
/wiki/Livery_and_maintenance
mw-redirect
Livery and maintenance

values:
/wiki/Tower_houses
mw-redirect
Tower houses

values:
/wiki/Pele_towers
mw-redirect
Pele towers

values:
/wiki/Scots_baronial
mw-redirect
Scots baronial

values:
/wiki/Estate_houses
mw-redirect
Estate houses

values: Edit section: Part of the British Armed Forces

values:
/wiki/The_Royal_Scots_1st_of_Foot
mw-redirect
The Royal Scots 1st of Foot

values: King's Own Scottish Borderers 25th of Foot

values:
/wiki/Scots_Greys
mw-redirect
Scots Greys

values:
/wiki/Seven_years_War
mw-redirect
Seven years War

values:
/wiki/American_Wars_of_Independence
mw-redirect
American Wars of Independence

values:
/wiki/Charles_John_Napier
mw-redirect
Charles John Napier

values: Alexander Abercromby (British Army officer)

values: Edit section: Victorian & Colonial Warfare

values:
/wiki/Douglas_Haig
mw-redirect
Douglas Haig

values: Edit section: The Cold War & The End of Empire

values: Edit section: Defence establishments in Scotland

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update

values:
/wiki/George_Washington_class_submarine
mw-redirect
George Washington class submarine

values:
/wiki/Trident_missiles
mw-redirect
Trident missiles

values:
/wiki/Vanguard_class_submarine
mw-redirect
Vanguard class submarine

values:
/wiki/Nuclear_warhead
mw-redirect
Nuclear warhead

values:
/wiki/Fast_breeder
mw-redirect
Fast breeder

values:
/wiki/Scottish_Executive
mw-redirect
Scottish Executive

values:
/wiki/Exclusive_Economic_Zone
mw-redirect
Exclusive Economic Zone

values:
/wiki/OPV_(naval)
mw-redirect
OPV (naval)

values:
/wiki/Type_45_Destroyer
mw-redirect
Type 45 Destroyer

values:
/wiki/BAE_Systems_Surface_Ships
mw-redirect
BAE Systems Surface Ships

values:
/wiki/Defense_contractor
mw-redirect
Defense contractor

values:
/wiki/Rolls-Royce_plc
mw-redirect
Rolls-Royce plc

values:
/wiki/Babcock_International_Group
mw-redirect
Babcock International Group

values: Edit section: Royal Navy bases in Scotland

values: Edit section: Former Royal Navy bases in Scotland

values:
/wiki/City_of_Edinburgh
mw-redirect
City of Edinburgh

values:
/wiki/Argyll_%26_Bute
mw-redirect
Argyll & Bute

values:
/wiki/Combined_Operations
mw-redirect
Combined Operations

values: Edit section: Former Royal Naval Air Stations in Scotland

values:
/wiki/HMS_Merganser
mw-redirect
HMS Merganser

values:
/wiki/HMS_Sanderling
mw-redirect
HMS Sanderling

values:
/wiki/Glasgow_International_Airport
mw-redirect
Glasgow International Airport

values:
/wiki/HMS_Wagtail
mw-redirect
HMS Wagtail

values: Edit section: Royal Air Force stations in Scotland

values:
/wiki/Tornado_GR4
mw-redirect
Tornado GR4

values:
/wiki/RAF_Benbecula
mw-redirect
RAF Benbecula

values: Edit section: Former Royal Air Force stations in Scotland

values:
/wiki/RAF_Bishopbriggs
mw-redirect
RAF Bishopbriggs

values:
/wiki/RAF_Bowmore
mw-redirect
RAF Bowmore

values:
/wiki/RAF_Brackla
mw-redirect
RAF Brackla

values: RAF Castle Kennedy (page does not exist)

values: RAF Kidsdale (Burrow Head) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/RAF_Leuchars
mw-redirect
RAF Leuchars

values:
/wiki/RAF_Renfrew
mw-redirect
RAF Renfrew

values:
/wiki/RAF_Turnhouse
mw-redirect
RAF Turnhouse

values: border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:100%;

values: Edit section: Scottish Units in the British Army

values:
/wiki/British_Army_Infantry
mw-redirect
British Army Infantry

values: Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers

values:
/wiki/British_51st_Infantry_Brigade
mw-redirect
British 51st Infantry Brigade

values:
/wiki/British_52nd_Infantry_Brigade
mw-redirect
British 52nd Infantry Brigade

values:
/wiki/London_Scottish_Regiment
mw-redirect
London Scottish Regiment

values: 105th Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers)

values:
/wiki/32_(Scottish)_Signal_Regiment
mw-redirect
32 (Scottish) Signal Regiment

values:
/wiki/The_Scottish_Transport_Regiment
mw-redirect
The Scottish Transport Regiment

values: Ayrshire (Earl of Carrick's Own) Yeomanry

values: Edit section: Former Scottish Units in the British Army

values:
/wiki/British_9th_(Scottish)_Division
mw-redirect
British 9th (Scottish) Division

values:
/wiki/British_15th_(Scottish)_Division
mw-redirect
British 15th (Scottish) Division

values:
/wiki/British_51st_(Highland)_Division
mw-redirect
British 51st (Highland) Division

values:
/wiki/British_52nd_(Lowland)_Division
mw-redirect
British 52nd (Lowland) Division

values:
/wiki/Highland_Brigade_(Scottish)
mw-redirect
Highland Brigade (Scottish)

values:
/wiki/Lowland_Brigade_(Scottish)
mw-redirect
Lowland Brigade (Scottish)

values:
/wiki/The_Cameronians_(Scottish_Rifles)
mw-redirect
The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles)

values:
/wiki/The_Gordon_Highlanders
mw-redirect
The Gordon Highlanders

values: Queen's Own Highlanders (Seaforth and Camerons)

values:
/wiki/The_Royal_Scots
mw-redirect
The Royal Scots

values:
/wiki/93rd_Regiment_of_Foot
mw-redirect
93rd Regiment of Foot

values:
/wiki/British_2nd_Infantry_Division
mw-redirect
British 2nd Infantry Division

values: Edit section: Regular British Army Units currently based in Scotland

values:
/wiki/The_Royal_Highland_Fusiliers
mw-redirect
The Royal Highland Fusiliers

values:
/wiki/The_Royal_Regiment_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
The Royal Regiment of Scotland

values: Edit section: Scottish units that are not part of the British Army

values: High Constables and Guard of Honour of the Palace of Holyroodhouse

values: Edit section: Scottish regiments in other countries

values:
/wiki/Australian_colonial_forces
mw-redirect
Australian colonial forces

values:
/wiki/Canadian_Forces
mw-redirect
Canadian Forces

values: 42nd Field Artillery Regiment (Lanark and Renfrew Scottish), RCA

values: The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's)

values: The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada

values: The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa (Duke of Edinburgh's Own)

values: The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)

values: The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment)

values:
/wiki/The_Nova_Scotia_Highlanders
mw-redirect
The Nova Scotia Highlanders

values: The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada

values: The Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders

values: The Perth and Waterloo Regiment (Highland Light Infantry of Canada) (page does not exist)

values: 16th Canadian Battalion (The Canadian Scottish), CEF

values: Lorne Rifles (Scottish) (page does not exist)

values: Cameronians Regiment of Foot (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Glengarry_Fencibles
mw-redirect
Glengarry Fencibles

values: New Zealand Scots Regiment (page does not exist)

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/National_War_Museum_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
National War Museum of Scotland

values: Army School of Bagpipe Music and Highland Drumming

values:
/wiki/Tam_o%27shanter_(hat)
mw-redirect
Tam o'shanter (hat)

values:
/wiki/Edinburgh_Military_Tattoo
mw-redirect
Edinburgh Military Tattoo

values:
/wiki/Scottish_Militia_Bill_1708
mw-redirect
Scottish Militia Bill 1708

values:
/wiki/Scottish_War_Memorials
mw-redirect
Scottish War Memorials

values:
/wiki/Nobel_Industries_(Scotland)
mw-redirect
Nobel Industries (Scotland)

values:
nofollow
http://geocities.com/lfhchi/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.sfpa.gov.uk/
external text

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/National_Museums_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
National Museums of Scotland

values: Scottish Archive Network (page does not exist)

values:
nofollow
http://warmemscot.s4.bizhat.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.scotwars.com/
external text

values: Template talk:Royal Regiments of Scotland

values: Highlanders (Seaforth, Gordons and Camerons)

values: 91st (Argyllshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot

values: 72nd Regiment, Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders

values: 92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot

values: 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot

values:
/wiki/Frank_Gerald_Blaker
mw-redirect
Frank Gerald Blaker

values:
/wiki/Alexander_Gore_Hore-Ruthven
mw-redirect
Alexander Gore Hore-Ruthven

values:
/wiki/Francis_Edward_Henry_Farquharson
mw-redirect
Francis Edward Henry Farquharson

values:
/wiki/Herbert_Taylor_MacPherson
mw-redirect
Herbert Taylor MacPherson

values:
/wiki/Valentine_Munbee_McMaster
mw-redirect
Valentine Munbee McMaster

values:
/wiki/Aylmer_Spicer_Cameron
mw-redirect
Aylmer Spicer Cameron

values:
/wiki/Angus_Falconer_Douglas-Hamilton
mw-redirect
Angus Falconer Douglas-Hamilton

values:
/wiki/William_Henry_Dick-Cunyngham
mw-redirect
William Henry Dick-Cunyngham

values:
/wiki/David_Reginald_Younger
mw-redirect
David Reginald Younger

values:
/wiki/George_Imlach_McIntosh
mw-redirect
George Imlach McIntosh

values:
/wiki/Allan_Ebenezer_Ker
mw-redirect
Allan Ebenezer Ker

values:
/wiki/William_George_Drummond_Stewart
mw-redirect
William George Drummond Stewart

values:
/wiki/Sir_Reginald_Graham,_3rd_Baronet
mw-redirect
Sir Reginald Graham, 3rd Baronet

values:
/wiki/John_Thompson_McKellar_Anderson
mw-redirect
John Thompson McKellar Anderson

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Estonia_Defence_Forces
mw-redirect
Estonia Defence Forces

values: Armed Forces of the Republic of Kazakhstan

values:
/wiki/Military_of_Montenegro
mw-redirect
Military of Montenegro

values: Military of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

values:
/wiki/List_of_Scotland-related_topics
mw-redirect
List of Scotland-related topics

values: Royal Arms of the Kingdom of Scotland.svg

values:
navbox-image
5
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/List_of_lochs_in_Scotland
mw-redirect
List of lochs in Scotland

values:
/wiki/Waterfalls_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
Waterfalls of Scotland

values:
/wiki/Government_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
Government of Scotland

values:
/wiki/Politics_in_Scotland
mw-redirect
Politics in Scotland

values:
/wiki/Human_rights_in_Scotland
mw-redirect
Human rights in Scotland

values:
/wiki/Military_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
Military of Scotland

values: Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service

values:
/wiki/Oldest_buildings_in_Scotland
mw-redirect
Oldest buildings in Scotland

values:
/wiki/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
Royal coat of arms of Scotland

values:
/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland
mw-redirect
World Heritage Sites in Scotland

values:
/wiki/Demographics_of_Scotland
mw-redirect
Demographics of Scotland

values: General Assembly of the Church of Scotland

values: List of Moderators of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland

values:
/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Scotland
mw-redirect
Roman Catholicism in Scotland

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Royal coat of arms of the Kingdom of Scotland

values:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Government_in_Medieval_Scotland
mw-redirect
Government in Medieval Scotland

values: List of Acts of the Parliament of Scotland to 1707

values:
/wiki/Secretary_of_State,_Scotland
mw-redirect
Secretary of State, Scotland

values:
/wiki/Royal_Scots_Army
mw-redirect
Royal Scots Army

values: Architecture of Scotland in the Middle Ages

values:
/wiki/Scottish_Baronial_architecture
mw-redirect
Scottish Baronial architecture

values:
/wiki/Scottish_Union_Flag
mw-redirect
Scottish Union Flag

values:
/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Day
mw-redirect
St. Andrew's Day

values: Category:Use British English from May 2012

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from December 2011

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from April 2012

values: Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Military_history_of_Scotland
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Military_history_of_Scotland rootpage-Military_history_of_Scotland vector-experimental-print-styles vector-nav-directionality skin-vector action-view