text:
Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
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"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" is a frequently anthologized short story written by Joyce Carol Oates. The story first appeared in the Fall 1966 edition of Epoch magazine. It was inspired by four Tucson, Arizona murders committed by Charles Schmid, which were profiled in Life magazine in an article written by Don Moser on March 4, 1966. Oates said that she dedicated the story to Bob Dylan because she was inspired to write it after listening to his song "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue."[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Critical review
3 Adaptations
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
The story was originally named "Death and the Maiden". The main character of Oates' story is Connie, a beautiful, self-absorbed 15-year-old girl, who is at odds with her mother—once a beauty herself—and with her dutiful, "steady", and homely older sister. Without her parents' knowledge, she spends most of her evenings picking up boys at a Big Boy restaurant, and one evening captures the attention of a stranger in a gold convertible covered with cryptic writing. While her parents are away at her aunt's barbecue, two men pull up in front of Connie's house and call her out. She recognizes the driver, Arnold Friend, as the man from the drive-in restaurant, and is initially charmed by the smooth-talking, charismatic stranger. He tells Connie he is 18 and has come to take her for a ride in his car with his sidekick Ellie. Connie slowly realizes that he is actually much older,[2] and grows afraid. When she refuses to go with them, Friend becomes more forceful and threatening, saying that he will harm her family, while at the same time appealing to her vanity, saying that she is too good for them. Connie is compelled to leave with him and do what he demands of her.
Critical review[edit]
Considerable academic analysis has been written about the story, with scholars divided on whether it is intended to be taken literally or as allegory. Several writers focus on the series of numbers written on Friend's car, which he indicates are a code of some sort, but which is never explained:
"'Now, these numbers are a secret code, honey,' Arnold Friend explained. He read off the numbers 33, 19, 17 and raised his eyebrows at her to see what she thought of that, but she didn't think much of it." (p. 41)
Literary scholars have interpreted this series of numbers as different Biblical references,[2][3] as an underlining of Friend's sexual deviancy,[4] or as a reference to the ages of Friend and his victims.[2]
The narrative has also been viewed as an allegory for initiation into sexual adulthood,[5] an encounter with the devil, a critique of modern youth's obsession with sexual themes in popular music,[6] or as a dream sequence.[7]
Adaptations[edit]
The story was loosely adapted into the 1985 film Smooth Talk, starring Laura Dern and Treat Williams.[8] Oates has written an essay named "Smooth Talk: Short Story into Film" about the adaptation.
The short story is the inspiration and basis for The Blood Brothers' song "The Salesman, Denver Max".
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Oates, J.C. & Showalter, E. (1994). "Introduction". Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been. Rutgers University Press. p. 9. ISBN 0-8135-2135-1.
^ Jump up to: a b c Pinewski, David (Spring 1991). "Oates's 'Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?'". Explicator. 49 (3): 195–196. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Robson, Mark (Summer 1982). "Oates's 'Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?'". The Explicator. 40: 59–60.
Jump up ^ Hurley, C. Harold (Winter 1987). "Cracking the Secret Code in Oats's 'Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been'". Studies in Short Fiction. 24 (1): 62–66.
Jump up ^ Urbanski, Marie Mitchell Olesen (1978). "Existential Allegory: Joyce Carol Oates's 'Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?'". Studies in Short Fiction. 15: 200–203. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Petry, Alice Hall (Spring 1988). "Who Is Ellie? Oates's 'Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?'". Studies in Short Fiction. 25 (2): 155–157. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Rubin, Larry (Summer 1984). "Oates's 'Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?'". Explicator. 42 (4): 57–59. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Dickinson, P. (July 2008). "Riding in Cars with Boys: Reconsidering 'Smooth Talk'". Literature Film Quarterly. 36 (3): 202–214. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
External links[edit]
Complete text on Celestial Timepiece, an authorized Joyce Carol Oates Home Page
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Where_Are_You_Going,_Where_Have_You_Been%3F&oldid=812482596"
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Go Go Power Rangers
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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"Go Go Power Rangers"
Single by Ron Wasserman
from the album Mighty Morphin Power Rangers The Album: A Rock Adventure
Released
US: December 2, 1994
UK: December 14, 1994
Format
Cassette tape
Genre
Heavy metal, power metal
Length
4:43
Label
Saban Records[1]
Songwriter(s)
Haim Saban
Shuki Levy
Producer(s)
Ron Wasserman
"Go Go Power Rangers" is a single by Ron Wasserman who recorded the song as "Aaron Waters - The Mighty RAW." It was released by Saban Records, later renamed Saban Music Group of Saban Capital Group,[1] on CD and cassette formats in the US on December 2, 1994, and in the UK December 14, 1994. The song serves as the opening theme for the first three seasons of the original Power Rangers series Mighty Morphin Power Rangers. The song, with minor alterations of its lyrics, was also used for the mini-series Alien Rangers. The titular refrain, "Go Go Power Rangers!", has become a popular catchphrase associated with the show, and it has been used in several other themes for the series.
The instrumental track was originally written for use in X-Men but never used, then chosen among available tracks for Power Rangers. The lyrics and melody were then added. A long version was also produced for the album.
A cover of the song, performed by Noam Kaniel, has been used as the show's intro theme since 2011, starting with the 18th season of the franchise, Power Rangers Samurai. A rearrangement of Kaniel's version was used for 2013's Power Rangers Megaforce, revising some lyrics to reflect that season. Another rearrangement, again with revised lyrics, was later used for Power Rangers Dino Charge and Power Rangers Ninja Steel.
Contents
[hide]
1 Track list
2 1995 film version
3 2012 Re-Recording
4 Cover version
5 Newer versions
6 References
Track list[edit]
Cassette tape
Go Go Power Rangers (Euro Mix)
Go Go Power Rangers (Original LP Long Version)
1995 film version[edit]
"Go Go Power Rangers"
Single by The Power Rangers Orchestra
from the album Mighty Morphin Power Rangers The Movie: Original Soundtrack Album
Released
May 30, 1995
Format
Cassette tape
Recorded
Rumbo Recorders, Canoga Park, Los Angeles
Genre
Heavy metal, power metal
Length
5:03
Songwriter(s)
Ron Westerman
Ron Kenan
Producer(s)
Ron Neverlaid
For the 1995 film adaptation Mighty Morphin Power Rangers: The Movie a new Dr. Strange arrangement of "Go Go Power Rangers" was recorded for the film's soundtrack. The song was performed by "The Power Rangers Orchestra:" a collaboration that featured credits of Mr. Big front man Eric Martin, guitarist Tim Pierce, former Pablo Cruise bass player John Pierce, singer-pianist Kim Bullard, and former Guns N' Roses drummer Matt Sorum. This version of the song is also featured in 2017's Power Rangers.
2012 Re-Recording[edit]
In 2012, Wasserman re-recorded "Go Go Power Rangers," along with "the best known songs"[2] from the first four seasons of Power Rangers, and released a digital album titled Power Rangers Redux to both his personal Bandcamp and iTunes. Of the album, Wasserman said, "The original recordings were done quickly to keep up with the production schedule...I wanted to use today’s technology, and my additional 20+ years of experience as a producer, to 'punch up' the performances and energy to match today's sound.” [2]
Cover version[edit]
As part of his cover album Enson released in 2008, Masaaki Endoh of JAM Project recorded a cover of "Go Go Power Rangers."[3]
Newer versions[edit]
The song, when used as the main theme for Power Rangers Samurai and Power Rangers Super Samurai, was performed by Noam Kaniel. Different arrangements, with some of the lyrics altered for each, were used for the subsequent series, Power Rangers Megaforce and Power Rangers Super Megaforce, Power Rangers Dino Charge and Power Rangers Dino Super Charge, and Power Rangers Ninja Steel all were also performed by Kaniel.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Saban Music Group". Saban. Archived from the original on March 4, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
^ Jump up to: a b http://ronwasserman.bandcamp.com/album/power-rangers-redux
Jump up ^ Wasserman, Ron (2008). "Go Go Power Rangers" (CD) (in Japanese). Endoh, Masaaki. Japan: Lantis.
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A Tribute to Sonata Arctica
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Soil fertility
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Soil fertility refers to the ability of a soil to sustain agricultural plant growth, i.e. to provide plant habitat and result in sustained and consistent yields of high quality.[1] A fertile soil has the following properties:[2]
The ability to supply essential plant nutrients and water in adequate amounts and proportions for plant growth and reproduction; and
The absence of toxic substances which may inhibit plant growth.
The following properties contribute to soil fertility in most situations:
Sufficient soil depth for adequate root growth and water retention;
Good internal drainage, allowing sufficient aeration for optimal root growth (although some plants, such as rice, tolerate waterlogging);
Topsoil with sufficient soil organic matter for healthy soil structure and soil moisture retention;
Soil pH in the range 5.5 to 7.0 (suitable for most plants but some prefer or tolerate more acid or alkaline conditions);
Adequate concentrations of essential plant nutrients in plant-available forms;
Presence of a range of microorganisms that support plant growth.
In lands used for agriculture and other human activities, maintenance of soil fertility typically requires the use of soil conservation practices. This is because soil erosion and other forms of soil degradation generally result in a decline in quality with respect to one or more of the aspects indicated above.
Soil scientists use the capital letters O, A, B, C, and E to identify the master horizons, and lowercase letters for distinctions of these horizons. Most soils have three major horizons—the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C). Some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but this horizon can also be buried. The master horizon, E, is used for subsurface horizons that have a significant loss of minerals (eluviation). Hard bedrock, which is not soil, uses the letter R.
Contents
[hide]
1 Soil fertilization
2 Light and CO2 limitations
3 Soil depletion
4 Irrigation water effects
5 Global distribution
6 See also
7 References
Soil fertilization[edit]
Main article: Fertilizer
Bioavailable phosphorus is the element in soil that is most often lacking. Nitrogen and potassium are also needed in substantial amounts. For this reason these three elements are always identified on a commercial fertilizer analysis. For example, a 10-10-15 fertilizer has 10 percent nitrogen, 10 percent (P2O5) available phosphorus and 15 percent (K2O) water-soluble potassium. Sulfur is the fourth element that may be identified in a commercial analysis—e.g. 21-0-0-24 which would contain 21% nitrogen and 24% sulfate.
Inorganic fertilizers are generally less expensive and have higher concentrations of nutrients than organic fertilizers. Also, since nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium generally must be in the inorganic forms to be taken up by plants, inorganic fertilizers are generally immediately bioavailable to plants without modification.[3] However, some have criticized the use of inorganic fertilizers, claiming that the water-soluble nitrogen doesn't provide for the long-term needs of the plant and creates water pollution. Slow-release fertilizers may reduce leaching loss of nutrients and may make the nutrients that they provide available over a longer period of time.
Soil fertility is a complex process that involves the constant cycling of nutrients between organic and inorganic forms. As plant material and animal wastes are decomposed by micro-organisms, they release inorganic nutrients to the soil solution, a process referred to as mineralization. Those nutrients may then undergo further transformations which may be aided or enabled by soil micro-organisms. Like plants, many micro-organisms require or preferentially use inorganic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium and will compete with plants for these nutrients, tying up the nutrients in microbial biomass, a process often called immobilization. The balance between immobilization and mineralization processes depends on the balance and availability of major nutrients and organic carbon to soil microorganisms.[4][5] Natural processes such as lightning strikes may fix atmospheric nitrogen by converting it to (NO2). Denitrification may occur under anaerobic conditions (flooding) in the presence of denitrifying bacteria. Nutrient cations, including potassium and many micronutrients, are held in relatively strong bonds with the negatively charged portions of the soil in a process known as cation exchange.
In 2008 the cost of phosphorus as fertilizer more than doubled, while the price of rock phosphate as base commodity rose eight-fold. Recently the term peak phosphorus has been coined, due to the limited occurrence of rock phosphate in the world. Nathai
Light and CO2 limitations[edit]
Photosynthesis is the process whereby plants use light energy to drive chemical reactions which convert CO2 into sugars. As such, all plants require access to both light and carbon dioxide to produce energy, grow and reproduce.
While typically limited by nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, low levels of carbon dioxide can also act as a limiting factor on plant growth. Peer-reviewed and published scientific studies have shown that increasing CO2 is highly effective at promoting plant growth up to levels over 300 ppm. Further increases in CO2 can, to a very small degree, continue to increase net photosynthetic output.[6]
Soil depletion[edit]
Soil depletion occurs when the components which contribute to fertility are removed and not replaced, and the conditions which support soil's fertility are not maintained. This leads to poor crop yields. In agriculture, depletion can be due to excessively intense cultivation and inadequate soil management.
Soil fertility can be severely challenged when land use changes rapidly. For example, in Colonial New England, colonists made a number of decisions that depleted the soils, including: allowing herd animals to wander freely, not replenishing soils with manure, and a sequence of events that led to erosion.[7] William Cronon wrote that "...the long-term effect was to put those soils in jeopardy. The removal of the forest, the increase in destructive floods, the soil compaction and close-cropping wrought by grazing animals, plowing--all served to increase erosion."[7]
Karl Marx wrote of the role of capitalism in soil depletion. In Capital, Volume I, he wrote:
...all progress in capitalistic agriculture is a progress in the art, not only of robbing the labourer, but of robbing the soil; all progress in increasing the fertility of the soil for a given time, is a progress towards ruining the lasting sources of that fertility. The more a country starts its development on the foundation of modern industry, like the United States, for example, the more rapid is this process of destruction. Capitalist production, therefore, develops technology, and the combining together of various processes into a social whole, only by sapping the original sources of all wealth — the soil and the labourer.[8]
One of the most widespread occurrences of soil depletion as of 2008[update] is in tropical zones where nutrient content of soils is low. The combined effects of growing population densities, large-scale industrial logging, slash-and-burn agriculture and ranching, and other factors, have in some places depleted soils through rapid and almost total nutrient removal.
Topsoil depletion occurs when the nutrient-rich organic topsoil, which takes hundreds to thousands of years to build up under natural conditions, is eroded or depleted of its original organic material.[9] Historically, many past civilizations' collapses can be attributed to the depletion of the topsoil. Since the beginning of agricultural production in the Great Plains of North America in the 1880s, about one-half of its topsoil has disappeared.[10]
Depletion may occur through a variety of other effects, including overtillage (which damages soil structure), underuse of nutrient inputs which leads to mining of the soil nutrient bank, and salinization of soil.
Irrigation water effects[edit]
The quality of irrigation water is very important to maintain soil fertility and tilth, and for using more soil depth by the plants.[11] When soil is irrigated with high alkaline water, unwanted sodium salts build up in the soil which would make soil draining capacity very poor. So plant roots can not penetrate deep into the soil for optimum growth in Alkali soils. When soil is irrigated with low pH / acidic water, the useful salts ( Ca, Mg, K, P, S, etc.) are removed by draining water from the acidic soil and in addition unwanted aluminium and manganese salts to the plants are dissolved from the soil impeding plant growth.[12] When soil is irrigated with high salinity water or sufficient water is not draining out from the irrigated soil, the soil would convert into saline soil or lose its fertility. Saline water enhance the turgor pressure or osmotic pressure requirement which impedes the off take of water and nutrients by the plant roots.
Top soil loss takes place in alkali soils due to erosion by rain water surface flows or drainage as they form colloids (fine mud) in contact with water. Plants absorb water-soluble inorganic salts only from the soil for their growth. Soil as such does not lose fertility just by growing crops but it lose its fertility due to accumulation of unwanted and depletion of wanted inorganic salts from the soil by improper irrigation and acid rain water (quantity and quality of water). The fertility of many soils which are not suitable for plant growth can be enhanced many times gradually by providing adequate irrigation water of suitable quality and good drainage from the soil.
Global distribution[edit]
Global distribution of soil types of the USDA soil taxonomy system. Mollisols, shown here in dark green, are a good (though not the only) indicator of high soil fertility. They coincide to a large extent with the world's major grain producing areas like the North American Prairie States, the Pampa and Gran Chaco of South America and the Ukraine-to-Central Asia Black Earth belt.
See also[edit]
Arable land
Fertilizer
Plaggen soil
Shifting cultivation
Soil contamination
Soil life
Terra preta
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Bodenfruchtbarkeit, Retrieved on 2015-11-09.
Jump up ^ "Soil Fertility". www.fao.org. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Brady N., Weil R. 2002 Nitrogen and sulfur economy of soils. pp. 543-571 in Helba (ed.), The Nature and properties of soils. Pearson Education, NJ.
Jump up ^ Sims, G. K., and M. M. Wander. 2002. Proteolytic activity under nitrogen or sulfur limitation. Appl. Soil Ecol. 568:1-5.
Jump up ^ Sims, G.K. 2006. Nitrogen Starvation Promotes Biodegradation of N-Heterocyclic Compounds in Soil. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 38:2478-2480.
Jump up ^ F. Stuart Chapin III; Pamela A. Matson; Harold A. Moon (2002). Principles of Terrestrial Ecosystem Ecology. Springer. ISBN 0387954392.
^ Jump up to: a b Cronon, William, Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England, NY: Hill & Wang, 1983, p. 145-152.
Jump up ^ Marx, Karl. 1867. "Modern Industry and Agriculture," in Capital, Volume I, pp. 244-5. http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1867-c1/ch15.htm#S10
Jump up ^ Bjonnes, R., 1997, Food vs Feed, People's News Agency; Frederiksberg C, Denmark
Jump up ^ Kötke, William H. (1993). The Final Empire: The Collapse of Civilization and the Seed of the Future. Arrow Point Press. ISBN 0963378457.
Jump up ^ Managing Soil Tilth; Colorado state university garden notes, Retrieved on 2014-10-04.
Jump up ^ Managing irrigation water quality, Oregon State University, USA, Retrieved on 2012-10-04.
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text:
By the Grace of God (song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other songs, see By the Grace of God (disambiguation).
"By the Grace of God"
Song by Katy Perry
from the album Prism
Recorded
November 2012
Studio
Rocket Carousel Studios
(Los Angeles, California)
Genre
Christian pop
Length
4:27
Label
Capitol
Songwriter(s)
Katy Perry
Greg Wells
Producer(s)
Perry
Wells
Prism track listing
"Double Rainbow"
(12) "By the Grace of God"
(13) "Spiritual"
(14)
"By the Grace of God" is a song by American singer Katy Perry from her fourth studio album, Prism (2013), included as its closing track. The song was written and produced by Perry and Canadian record producer Greg Wells. It was conceived following Perry's divorce from English actor and comedian Russell Brand. This initially made Perry consider making a "darker" album, but instead was channeled into the song. Throughout its autobiographical lyrics, Perry is depicted finding her strength and standing up for herself.
The track was first unveiled at Perry's headlining set at the 2013 iTunes Festival. Upon the release of Prism, "By the Grace of God" received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who appreciated its vulnerability and picked it as one of the musical highlights from the album, but criticized its placement on the record. Following the album's release, it has entered various musical charts due to strong digital downloads.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background and production
2 Composition
3 Critical reception
4 Commercial performance
5 Live performances
6 Credits and personnel
7 Charts
8 References
9 External links
Background and production[edit]
Canadian record producer and frequent collaborator Greg Wells (pictured) co-wrote and co-produced "By the Grace of God" with Perry.
After English actor and comedian Russell Brand divorced Perry in late December 2011, she was so distraught over the event that she considered committing suicide.[1] Greg Wells, who assisted Perry with the composition of "By the Grace of God", commented on the situation: "I think she felt so kicked in the head and so publicly embarrassed at being divorced by a text message".[2] After overcoming her suicidal thoughts and initial shock, she felt prompted to create a "darker" project as compared to her previous albums.[3] Instead, she channelled the entire divorce event into "By the Grace of God", in which its lyrics depict Perry battling against her suicidal thoughts while lying on her bathroom floor. During an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Perry spoke on how she felt during the breakup: "Imagine what you go through. Imagine what happens when you go through a break up. We all go through break ups and we all get very depressed and desperate."[4]
"By the Grace of God" was unveiled to industry insiders during a listening party for Prism held in Manhattan,[5] while its inclusion on the album track list was confirmed on October 1, 2013.[6] Perry confirmed that the song was the only one included in Prism about her divorce from Brand.[4] However, the song "Ghost", also present on Prism, includes references to the divorce, particularly the lyric "You sent a text, it was like the wind changed your mind", although Perry stated that the track was not about the split. She further stated: "That's the funny thing – it's not about that chapter in my life, people think that certain songs are about certain people and there is only one song about that time in my life and that song is 'By the Grace of God'".[7]
Unlike many of the album's songs which were written by a multitude of collaborators, "By the Grace of God" was composed solely by Perry and Greg Wells. Wells also co-wrote "Choose Your Battles", the third bonus track from the album's deluxe edition. For this track, he contributed with playing drums, piano, and the synthesizer. The song was engineered by Ian McGregor at Rocket Carousel Studio in Los Angeles, and mixed by Serban Ghenea at MixStar Studios, Virginia Beach.[8]
Composition[edit]
'By the Grace of God'
A 22-second sample of the song's chorus, in which Perry finds her strength, singing "By the grace of God / I picked myself back up / I put one foot in front of the other and I / Looked in the mirror and decided to stay".
Problems playing this file? See media help.
At a length of four minutes and twenty-seven seconds, "By the Grace of God" is a pop[9] piano-driven power ballad.[10][11][12] With a stripped-down production, its instrumental is essentially composed of the sounds of various musical instruments, such as drums, piano and synthesizers along with military drums.[8][9][13] Throughout the song, drums, piano, and synthesizers are used in its instrumental.[8][14] According to the sheet music published by Alfred Publishing Co., Inc. on Musicnotes.com, it is composed in the key of G minor and set in a 4
4 time signature at a tempo of 82 beats per minute. The melody spans the tonal range of B♭3 to D5, while the music follows the chord progression of Gm—E♭sus2—B♭—Gm—E♭sus2—Fsus4.[14]
"I had sweaty palms presenting the lyrics. To this day I still feel very vulnerable about revealing that snapshot in my life but the feedback I have gotten from it is more valuable than my own insecurities. It makes people feel like they are not so alone in their situation..... that they don't feel crazy because they think 'Oh my God, someone else has that feeling too and I can hear it in their song'." —Perry, on "By the Grace of God"[7]
Lyrically, Perry is depicted as having suicidal thoughts and lying on the floor of a bathroom. The song opens with only piano and Perry's vocals, while she sings "Was twenty-seven, surviving my return from Saturn",[8] and as the song carries on, she finds her strength,[1] singing "By the grace of God / I picked myself back up / I put one foot in front of the other and I / Looked in the mirror and decided to stay / Wasn't gonna let love take me out that way".[9] Perry commented on the lyrics: "[They] are very exact and autobiographical. That's how I write. But the one thing about those lyrics is you can hear me finding my strength throughout the song. It starts off really low and then I kind of stand up for myself and say, 'No!'."[4] The song also sees Perry rejecting the idea that the relationship ended because of her.[15]
Kitty Empire from The Guardian observed that the song served as a "vulnerable yin" to Perry's hit single "Roar"'s "righteous yang".[16] Josh Duboff from Vanity Fair highlighted the titles of "By the Grace of God" and deluxe edition song "Spiritual", concluding that the religious undertones were "more prominent" in Prism.[17] Helen Brown from The Daily Telegraph deemed the song "tender",[18] and Jason Lipshutz from Billboard said it "is the most revealing song Perry will likely ever pen".[12]
Critical reception[edit]
Upon its release, "By the Grace of God" received generally positive reviews. Jason Lipshutz from Billboard thought the song was "obviously not the radio fare fans are used to from the pop star (Perry)", but that it was "crucial for anyone trying to understand Perry's Prism mind set".[12] Philip Matusavage from musicOMH considered that "the fact that ["By the Grace of God"] is the album highlight and is the only song written by less than three people" is an indicator of what Perry should do next.[19] Greg Kot from Chicago Tribune appreciated "Ghost" and "By the Grace of God" for allowing Perry's vulnerability "to seep through".[20] In his review of Prism, Sam Lansky from Idolator showed himself divided relatively to the song: he classified it as the "most sonically conventional thing [in the album]" although he immediately stated it was "also the most emotionally gripping" in it.[21]
Randall Roberts from Los Angeles Times affirmed that the song was "cosmic" and that it had a "humming, dark tension in which Perry and melody float like red balloons".[22] Helen Brown from The Daily Telegraph declared that, in the song, Perry "sounds like a woman, and an artist, who's finally found herself".[18] Allison Stewart from The Washington Post said that "By the Grace of God" ranked "among Perry's strongest (tracks)", and that it was "her most strangely sensible and affecting song ever, one that distances her from her suddenly-more-callow-seeming peers and also from Brand".[23] John Walker from MTV highlighted the fact that the song is "light on figures of speech and all-too accessible platitudes", as compared to the metaphors present on the lyrics of "Wide Awake".[9]
In contrast, Sal Cinquemani from Slant Magazine described it as "a sappy Paula Cole-style statement of self-actualization".[24] Jon Dolan from Rolling Stone criticized its lyrics and negatively likened them to those of Alanis Morissette.[25] Kitty Empire from The Guardian found the song to be "ridden with cliché".[16] Mesfin Fekadu from ABC News thought both tracks were "good", but stated that they "could be great if Perry didn't hold back and explored more lyrically and sonically".[26] Chris Bosman from Consequence of Sound criticized its placement on the album track listing and thought that they "would stand out more if they ('By The Grace of God', and closing track 'Double Rainbow') hadn't been forced to rub elbows, thus stealing momentum and impact from each other".[27] Carl Williott from Idolator praised the track as a "nice counterpart to Roar".[28]
Commercial performance[edit]
Following the album's release, "By the Grace of God" entered the UK Singles Chart at number 179 on the week of November 2, 2013,[29] and peaked on the US Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart at number 10, which represents the 25 songs which failed to chart on the Billboard Hot 100.[30] It also appeared on the US Hot Digital Songs chart at number 71, where it stayed for only one week.[31] It also entered the South Korea Gaon International Chart at number 77 with sales of 2,104.[32]
Live performances[edit]
Perry performing "By the Grace of God" on her Prismatic World Tour.
"By the Grace of God" was debuted during Perry's headlining set at the Roundhouse in London, England for her iTunes Festival, held on September 30, 2013.[33][34][35] Once she finished singing, Perry thanked her fans for "letting [her] stay".[36] On October 22, 2013, Perry held a release party for Prism where she performed "By the Grace of God" along with the other songs from Prism. Tiffany Lee from Yahoo! Music wrote that Perry's renditions of "Unconditionally" and "By the Grace of God" "shone like lights through a prism in their acoustic setting".[37] The song was included as part of the setlist on The Prismatic World Tour.[38]
Perry performed the song at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards which were held on February 8, 2015. The performance was in support of domestic violence and sexual assault victims. Before she appeared on stage, a prerecorded video message from U.S. President Barack Obama was screened, which featured him encouraging musicians to support the "#ItsOnUs" sexual assault campaign. Then, domestic violence victim Brooke Axtell delivered a brief speech about her story.[39] During the performance, Perry was clothed in a white dress, while shadows danced behind her.[40] MTV's John Walker labelled it as her most "powerful performance yet",[41] while Arienne Thompson of USA Today wrote that it was "powerful and subdued" compared to the "flamboyant and playful" sets Perry is known for.[42]
Credits and personnel[edit]
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Prism, Capitol Records.[8]
Recording locations
Recorded at Rocket Carousel Studios in Los Angeles, California.
Mixed at MixStar Studios in Virginia Beach, Virginia.
Personnel
Katy Perry – backing vocals, lead vocals, songwriting, production, vocal production
Greg Wells – songwriting, production, drums, piano, synths, and programming
Serban Ghenea – mixing
John Hanes – mixing engineer
Charts[edit]
Book: Prism
Chart (2013)
Peak
position
South Korea (Gaon Chart)[32]
77
UK Singles (The Official Charts Company)[29]
179
US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)[43]
10
US Hot Digital Songs (Billboard)[31]
71
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Diehl, Matt (September 27, 2013). "Katy Perry's 'PRISM': The Billboard Cover Story". Billboard. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Monde, Chiderah (December 9, 2013). "Katy Perry: Russell Brand divorce was 'too intense', reveals she coped by eating 'Cheetos and drinking'". Daily News (New York). Daily News, L.P. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Fossi, Michele (June 22, 2012). "The new cover with Katy Perry on L'Uomo Vogue". Vogue Italia. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Stack, Tim (October 22, 2013). "Katy Perry explains new album 'Prism' and writing about her divorce from Russell Brand -- EXCLUSIVE". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved December 5, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lipshutz, Jason (September 6, 2013). "Katy Perry's 'Prism' Album Preview: 10 Things You Need To Know". Billboard. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Vena, Jocelyn (October 1, 2013). "Katy Perry Puts 'God' On Her Prism Track List". MTV. Viacom. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Wigney, James (October 30, 2013). "Big Read: Loved-up Katy Perry lets go of demons on new album Prism". News.com.au. News Corp Australia. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Prism (liner notes). Katy Perry. United States: Capitol Records. 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Walker, John (October 22, 2013). "Katy Perry's 'Prism': A Track-By-Track Review..... In Cat GIFs!". MTV. Viacom. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Petridis, Alexis (October 17, 2013). "Katy Perry: Prism – review". The Guardian. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ James, Nicole (October 1, 2013). "Katy Perry 'By the Grace of God', Talks Suicide With Billboard". Fuse. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Lipshutz, Jason (October 21, 2013). "Katy Perry's 'PRISM': Track-By-Track Review". Billboard. Retrieved November 11, 2013.
Jump up ^ Sperounes, Sandra (October 22, 2013). "Album review: New Katy Perry CD too safe". The Edmonton Journal. Postmedia Network. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Katy Perry 'By the Grace of God' Sheet Music". MusicNotes.com. Alfred Music. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Holz, Adam. "Katy Perry – Prism". Plugged In. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Empire, Kitty (October 20, 2013). "Katy Perry: Prism – review". The Guardian. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Duboff, Josh (October 22, 2013). "Is This Prism Lyric About God or John Mayer?: A Katy Perry Guessing Game". Vanity Fair. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Brown, Helen (October 17, 2013). "Katy Perry, Prism, review". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Matusavage, Philip (October 19, 2013). "Katy Perry – Prism". musicOMH. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Kot, Greg (October 20, 2013). "Kate Perry album review; Prism reviewed". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lansky, Sam (October 22, 2013). "Katy Perry's 'Prism': Album Review". Idolator. Retrieved December 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Randall (October 22, 2013). "Review: Hits pack Katy Perry's 'Prism'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Stewart, Allison (October 22, 2013). "Album review: Katy Perry grows up, gets spiritual on 'Prism'". The Washington Post. Nash Holdings LLC. Retrieved November 10, 2013.
Jump up ^ Cinquemani, Sal (October 17, 2013). "Katy Perry: Prism". Slant Magazine.
Jump up ^ Dolan, Jon (October 16, 2013). "Katy Perry 'Prism' Review". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Fekadu, Mesfin (October 21, 2013). "Music Review: Katy Perry Plays It Safe on 'Prism'". ABC News. The Walt Disney Company.
Jump up ^ Bosman, Chris (October 21, 2013). "Album Review: Katy Perry – Prism". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Williott, Carl (October 1, 2013). "Watch Katy Perry Debut 'By The Grace of God' & Perform More 'Prism' Tracks at iTunes Festival". Idolator. Spin Media. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Chart Log UK: New Entries Update". Zobbel. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Chart Search". Billboard. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Katy Perry – Chart history". Billboard. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "South Korea Gaon International Chart". Gaon Chart. Archived from the original on November 3, 2013. Retrieved October 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ Williott, Carl (October 1, 2013). "Watch Katy Perry Debut 'By The Grace of God' & Perform More 'Prism' Tracks at iTunes Festival". Idolator. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
Jump up ^ Corner, Lewis (October 1, 2013). "Katy Perry performs new song 'By the Grace of God' – video". Digital Spy. Retrieved December 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Malec, Brett (October 1, 2013). "Katy Perry Performs New Song 'By the Grace of God' About Russell Brand Divorce, Gets Asked to Army Ball on YouTube". E!. NBCUniversal. Retrieved April 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Savage, Mark (October 1, 2013). "Katy Perry closes iTunes Festival". BBC News. Retrieved November 9, 2013.
Jump up ^ Lee, Tiffany (October 22, 2013). "7 Cool Things Katy Perry Revealed at Her iHeartRadio Album Release Party". Yahoo! Music. Yahoo!. Retrieved December 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Katy Perry Brings Eye-Popping 'Prism' Spectacle to London". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ Welsh, Daniel (February 8, 2015). "Grammys 2015: Katy Perry Supports Domestic Violence Victims With 'By The Grace of God' Performance (PICS)". The Huffington Post UK. HuffPost Entertainment. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Spanos, Brittany (February 8, 2015). "Katy Perry Spotlights Domestic Abuse in Grammy Performance". Rolling Stone. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Walker, John (February 9, 2015). "Katy Perry Ditches Left Shark For Her Most Powerful Performance Yet: Watch". MTV News. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Thompson, Arienne (February 8, 2015). "Grammys take a serious turn with domestic violence PSA". USA Today. Retrieved February 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Katy Perry Chart History (Bubbling Under Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved November 8, 2013.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
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Katy Perry
Discography
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One of the Boys
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text:
Music from McLeod's Daughters
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
McLeod's Daughters have had many different songs for their closing credits which are written by Posie Graeme-Evans & Chris Harriot and performed by singer Rebecca Lavelle who also had a guest role in series 6 as Bindi Martin
Contents
[hide]
1 Song List
2 Other
3 List of Released Songs
4 List of Unreleased Songs
5 References
6 External links
Song List[edit]
Song Name
Performer
Featured In Episode/s
Love You, Hate You Rebecca Lavelle Episode 1, 8, 86, 98, 102, 119, 131
Am I Crazy Rebecca Lavelle Episode 1, 6
Room to Move Rebecca Lavelle Episode 2, 16
Common Ground Rebecca Lavelle Episode 2, 6, 9, 12, 13, 25, 33, 59, 74, 78, 110
McLeod's Daughters Theme Rebecca Lavelle Episode 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
Don't Judge Rebecca Lavelle Episode 3, 6, 14, 56, 130
Feet On The Ground Rebecca Lavelle Episode 3, 32, 54
Hopeless Case Rebecca Lavelle Episode 3, 11, 15, 37, 38, 39, 55, 66, 80, 87, 92, 114, 116, 121
Understand Me Rebecca Lavelle Episode 4, 58, 76, 125
My Heart Is Like A River Rebecca Lavelle Episodes 5, 7, 31, 32, 52, 73, 178
Heat Rebecca Lavelle Episode 8, 26
Matter Of Time Rebecca Lavelle Episode 11, 33
Just A Child Rebecca Lavelle Episode 24, 29
I Reach Out Rebecca Lavelle Episode 28
Never Enough Rebecca Lavelle Episodes 30, 31, 43, 115, 132
We Got It Wrong Rebecca Lavelle Episode 35, 64, 77, 127
The Sirens Song Rebecca Lavelle Episode 36, 40, 44, 68, 103, 124
Take The Rain Away Rebecca Lavelle Episode 45, 69, 73, 107, 138
Brick & Becky Theme - Instrumental Instrumental Episode 47
By My Side Rebecca Lavelle Episode 48, 81, 99
The First Touch Rebecca Lavelle Episode 50, 145
In His Eyes Rebecca Lavelle Episode 53, 137
Gentle, Gentle (Life Of Your Life) Rebecca Lavelle Episodes 60, 61, 62, 83
Did I Tell You? Rebecca Lavelle Episodes 67, 72, 135
Hey Girl (You Got A New Life) Rebecca Lavelle Episodes 70, 88, 91, 101, 109, 113, 117, 142
The Stranger Rebecca Lavelle Episodes 71, 90
Don't Give Up Rebecca Lavelle Episode 75, 106, 139
Sometimes (You Can't Go Back) Rebecca Lavelle Episode 79, 105, 123, 133, 144
Too Young Rebecca Lavelle Episode 82
Charlotte's Song Rebecca Lavelle Episode 84
Strip Jack Naked Rebecca Lavelle Episodes 85, 94, 111, 120
Had To Happen Rebecca Lavelle Episode 89, 93, 95, 122
Something So Strong Rebecca Lavelle Episode 96
All I Ever Wanted Was Love Rebecca Lavelle Episode 97, 129
This Perfect Day Rebecca Lavelle Episode 100
Broken Dreams Rebecca Lavelle Episode 104, 128
Stay Rebecca Lavelle Episode 108, 112
So Sorry Rebecca Lavelle Episode 126
I Wish The Past Was Different Rebecca Lavelle Episode 134
Love Is Endless Rebecca Lavelle Episode 146
Life Makes A Fool Of Us Rebecca Lavelle Episode 159
Our Place Rebecca Lavelle Episode 163
It Comes To This Rebecca Lavelle Episode 167
You Believed Rebecca Lavelle Episode 169
Locked Away Inside My Heart Rebecca Lavelle Episode 170
Drovers Run Rebecca Lavelle Episode 178
One True Thing Rebecca Lavelle Episode 184
Belonging Rebecca Lavelle Episode 198
Alone & Afraid Rebecca Lavelle Episode 199
Other[edit]
Hey You by Abi Tucker who plays Grace McLeod from 2007 - 2008 and featured the song in Episode 196, My Enemy, My Friend.
List of Released Songs[edit]
Rebecca Lavelle
Understand Me
Common Ground
Never Enough
Don't Judge
Love You, Hate You
Heat
Am I Crazy?
We Got It Wrong
The Siren's Song
Hopeless Case
Just A Child
My Heart Is Like A River
Theme Song - Version 1
Hey Girl (You Got A New Life)
Take The Rain Away
The Stranger
Sometimes
Too Young
The First Touch
In His Eyes
By My Side
Did I Tell You?
Don't Give Up
Gentle Gentle (Life of Your Life)
Theme Song - Version 2
You Believed
Had To Happen
It Comes To This
Charlotte's Song
One True Thing
I Wish The Past Was Different
Locked Away Inside My Heart
Our Home, Our Place
Strip Jack Naked
Broken Dreams
This Perfect Day
Trust The Night
The Man I Loved (We Had No Time)
Time Turn Over
Drover's Run (My Heart's Home)
Abi Tucker Hey You Speak My Angel
List of Unreleased Songs[edit]
Feet on The Ground by Rebecca Lavelle
Room To Move by Rebecca Lavelle
A Matter of Time by Rebecca Lavelle
All I Ever Wanted was Love by Rebecca Lavelle
Alone & Afraid by Rebecca Lavelle
Belonging by Rebecca Lavelle
I Reach Out by Naomi Starr
Life Makes A Fool of Us by Rebecca Lavelle
Love is Endless by Rebecca Lavelle
Something So Strong by Rebecca Lavelle
Sorrow by Rebecca Lavelle
Stay by Rebecca Lavelle
Tears on My Pillow by Rebecca Lavelle & Glenda Linscott
Kate's Lullaby by Michala Banas
Wake Up Gungellan by Doris Younane (Abi Tucker & Gillian Alexy Short Clip)
Truckstop Woman by Doris Younane, Simmone Jade Mackinnon, Luke Jacobz, Gillian Alexy & Chorus
Forever by Doris Youanne, Peter Hardy, Abi Tucker & Matt Passmore
References[edit]
External links[edit]
McLeod's Daughters Official Website
Dutch McLeod's Daughters Website
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Music_from_McLeod%27s_Daughters&oldid=824736097"
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text:
National Voter Registration Act of 1993
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Motor Voter" redirects here. For state-level automatic registration, see Voter registration in the United States § Automatic registration.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
National Voter Registration Act of 1993
Long title
An Act to establish national voter registration procedures for Federal elections, and for other purposes.
Acronyms (colloquial)
NVRA
Nicknames
National Voter Registration Act, Motor Voter
Enacted by
the 103rd United States Congress
Effective
January 1, 1995
Citations
Public law
103-31
Statutes at Large
107 Stat. 77
Codification
Titles amended
42 U.S.C.: Public Health and Social Welfare transferred to 52 U.S.C.: Voting and Elections
U.S.C. sections created
42 U.S.C. ch. 20, subch. I-H § 1973gg et seq. transferred to 52 U.S.C. §§ 20501–20511
Legislative history
Introduced in the House as H.R. 2 by Al Swift (D-WA) on January 5, 1993
Committee consideration by House Administration
Passed the House on February 4, 1993 (259–160)
Passed the Senate on March 17, 1993 (62–37)
Reported by the joint conference committee on April 28, 1993; agreed to by the House on May 5, 1993 (259–164) and by the Senate on May 11, 1993 (62–36)
Signed into law by President Bill Clinton on May 20, 1993
Clinton signing the bill
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (NVRA) (52 U.S.C. § 20501 - 52 U.S.C. § 20511) (formerly 42 U.S.C. §§ 1973gg–1973gg-10), also known as the Motor Voter Act, is a United States federal law signed into law by President Bill Clinton on May 20, 1993, and which came into effect on January 1, 1995. The law was enacted under the Elections Clause of the United States Constitution. The law advances voting rights in the United States by requiring state governments to offer voter registration opportunities to any eligible person who applies for or renews a driver's license or applies for public assistance. The law requires states to register applicants that use a federal voter registration form to apply, and prohibits states from removing registered voters from the voter rolls unless certain criteria are met.
The Act exempts from its requirements the states that have continuously, since March 11, 1993, not required voter registration for federal elections or that have offered Election Day voter registration (EDR) for federal general elections. Six states qualify for exemption from the Act: North Dakota (which does not require registration), Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Wisconsin and Wyoming. Maine lost the exemption when it abolished EDR in 2011, although EDR was subsequently restored in that state.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Provisions
2.1 Purposes
2.2 Scope and exemption
2.3 Voter registration of driver's license applicants
2.4 Voter registration agencies
2.5 Mail voter registration
2.6 Federal voter registration form
3 Impact
4 References
5 External links
Background[edit]
After Congress enacted the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to address rampant voting discrimination against racial minorities, voting rights advocates argued for federal legislation to remove other barriers to voter registration in the United States. The basic requirements to vote are the same in all states. A person has to be a U.S. citizen, of at least 18 years old and a resident of the state in which he or she is voting. However, initial legislative efforts to create national voter registration standards for federal elections failed. In the early 1970s, Congress considered several legislative proposals to require the U.S. Census Bureau to mail voter registration forms to every household, none of which passed. In the mid and late 1970s, legislative proposals to require certain public agency offices to make voter registration forms available and to require states to allow Election Day voter registration failed. Similar bills introduced throughout the 1980s also failed.[1]:1–2
Congress passed two pieces of legislation in the 1980s that made voter registration for federal elections more accessible for certain disadvantaged populations. In 1984, Congress passed the Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, which requires that states make available to elderly and handicapped voters "a reasonable number of accessible permanent registration facilities" and registration aids. Congress also passed the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (1986), requiring states to mail federal voter registration forms to overseas and military voters and permit them to register by mail.[1]:2
In light of low voter turnout in federal elections throughout the 1980s, Congress returned its attention to creating general voter registration standards in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Members of Congress introduced a series of "motor voter" bills that would require state motor vehicle agencies to offer voter registration opportunities to clients applying for driver's licenses. The first of these bills, the proposed National Voter Registration Act of 1989, passed in the House of Representatives with bipartisan support, but it stalled in the Senate. A similar bill, the proposed National Voter Registration Act of 1991, gained less bipartisan support; it passed in both the Senate and the House, but it was vetoed by President George H.W. Bush. Two years later, Congress passed a nearly identical bill: the National Voter Registration Act of 1993.[1]:2–3[2]:91–94
In March 1991, the American rock band R.E.M. placed a mail-away petition in support of the act on the back of the longbox for their latest album Out of Time and encouraged their fans to fill them out and mail them to Rock the Vote.[3] Rock the Vote received over 100,000 such petitions from the band's fans, and subsequently delivered them to the United States Senate in April 1991.[3] The band's campaign has been credited with raising significant public awareness and support of the act before it was signed into law.[3]
Provisions[edit]
Purposes[edit]
The purposes of the Act are set out in Section 2:
to increase the number of registered voters,
to enhance voter participation,
to protect election integrity, and
to ensure states maintain accurate voter rolls.[4]:5[5]
Scope and exemption[edit]
The Act formally applies only to federal elections. However, because states have unified their voter registration systems for state and federal elections, the provisions functionally apply to both state and federal elections.[4]:5–6
The Act exempts from its requirements states that have continuously, since March 11, 1993, not required voter registration for federal elections or that have offered Election Day voter registration for federal general elections. Six states satisfy these exemption requirements: North Dakota is exempt for having continuously allowed its residents to vote in federal elections without registering, while Idaho, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Wisconsin, and Wyoming have continuously offered Election Day voter registration for federal general elections.[6]:444 (Several states have since adopted some form of same-day voter registration, but these states are nevertheless subject to the Act.)
Voter registration of driver's license applicants[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2014)
Section 5 requires state motor vehicle offices to provide voter registration opportunities to anyone applying for a new or renewed driver's license or state identification card. The Act reduces costs of voting registration by accumulating individual data when applying for a drivers license or receiving social assistance.[7] The "motor voter" nickname came from the idea that most of the NVRA data was accumulated from applicants renewing or obtaining driver's licenses.[7]
Voter registration agencies[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2014)
Section 7 requires state agencies that provide public assistance – including those that administer federal assistance programs such as food stamps, Medicaid, TANF, and WIC, and disability offices – to assist their applicants and clients in registering to vote during the application process.[8]
The Federal Voting Assistance Program (FVAP) is responsible for administering NVRA for U.S. citizens abroad. FVAP allows eligible citizens to register to vote at 6000 Armed Forces Recruitment Offices nationwide.[citation needed]
Mail voter registration[edit]
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2014)
Section 6 allows for more accessible voter registration through mail voter registration.
In 2004, the Nu Mu Lambda chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity held a voter registration drive in DeKalb County, Georgia, from which Georgia Secretary of State Cathy Cox (Dem.) rejected all 63 voter registration applications on the basis that the fraternity did not follow correct procedures, including obtaining specific pre-clearance from the state to conduct their drive. Nu Mu Lambda filed Charles H. Wesley Education Foundation v. Cathy Cox (Wesley v. Cox) on the basis that Georgia's long-standing policy and practice of rejecting mail-in voter registration applications that were submitted in bundles, by persons other than registrars, deputy registrars, or "authorized persons", violated the requirements of the National Voter Registration Act by undermining voter registration drives. A senior U.S. District Judge upheld earlier federal court decisions in the case, which also found private entities have a right, under the federal law, to engage in organized voter registration activity in Georgia at times and locations of their choosing, without the presence or permission of state or local election officials.[9]
Federal voter registration form[edit]
The Act requires States to "accept and use" a uniform federal form to register voters for federal elections.[10] The National Mail Voter Registration Form (commonly referred to as the "Federal Form") was developed by the federal Election Assistance Commission (EAC), and requires only that an applicant affirm, under penalty of perjury, various matters including that he or she is a citizen. (The Federal Form can be used as an alternative to any state form.)
Arizona, however, requires voter-registration officials to "reject" any application for registration, including a Federal Form, that is not accompanied by documentary evidence of citizenship. A group of Arizona residents and a group of nonprofit organizations challenged the Arizona law in court. Ultimately, the District Court granted Arizona summary judgment on the respondents' claim that the federal Act preempts Arizona’s requirement. The Ninth Circuit reversed, holding that the state's documentary-proof-of-citizenship requirement is preempted by the federal Act.[11] On June 17, 2013, the United States Supreme Court ruled against Arizona in Arizona v. Inter Tribal Council of Ariz., Inc., holding that the federal Act preempted a 2004 Arizona proposition, Arizona Proposition 200 (2004), which was a ballot initiative designed in part "to combat voter fraud by requiring voters to present proof of citizenship when they register to vote and to present identification when they vote on election day."[12] In a 7–2 decision the Court struck down the state law. Justice Antonin Scalia wrote the majority opinion, holding that the State requirements were pre-empted by the federal law, which mandates states to "accept and use" the Federal Form. Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito dissented.[11]
Impact[edit]
Voting rights organizations argue that some states have not been complying with the National Voter Registration Act. In several states, organizations such as Demos, Project Vote, and Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law have filed lawsuits or sent pre-litigation letters. In some of these cases, this has resulted in changes in compliance by states.[8]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c This article incorporates public domain material from the Congressional Research Service document "The National Voter Registration Act of 1993: History, Implementation, and Effects". Retrieved June 8, 2014.
Jump up ^ Gemmiti, Nathan V. (January 1, 1998). "Porsche or Pinto? The Impact of the "Motor Voter Registration Act" on Black Political Participation". Boston College Third World Law Journal. 18 (1). Retrieved June 8, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c Jones, Whitney (25 July 2014). "Why R.E.M.'s Out of Time Is the Most Politically Significant Album in U.S. History". Slate. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Rogers, Estelle H. (2009). "The National Voter Registration Act at Fifteen" (PDF). Project Vote. Retrieved June 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 U.S.C § 20501(b))
Jump up ^ Shordt, Richard F. (February 2010). "Not Registered to Vote? Sign This, Mail It, and Go Hire a Lawyer" (PDF). George Washington Law Review (78). Retrieved June 2, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Wolfinger, Raymond E.; Hoffman, Jonathan (March 2001). "Registering and Voting with Motor Voter". Political Science and Politics. American Political Science Association. 34 (1): 85–92. doi:10.1017/s1049096501000130. JSTOR 1350315.
^ Jump up to: a b "Background on Delgado v. Galvin Interim Settlement" (Press release). Demos. 2012-08-09. Retrieved 2012-08-09.
Jump up ^ "Cox Violated Voter Rights, Judge Declares". Archived from the original on 2014-08-29.
Jump up ^ 42 U.S.C. §1973gg–4(a)(1).
^ Jump up to: a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a work in the public domain: https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/12-71_7l48.pdf
Jump up ^ Purcell v. Gonzalez, 549 U.S. 1, 2 (2006) (per curiam).
External links[edit]
ARIZONA ET AL. v. INTER TRIBAL COUNCIL OF ARIZONA, INC., ET AL.
Senate roll call vote
House roll call vote
Full text of statute from United States Department of Justice
The National Voter Registration Act of 1993: History, Implementation, and Effects Congressional Research Service
Charles H. Wesley Education Foundation v. Cathy Cox.[dead link]
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