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Capital punishment by the United States federal government
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Capital punishment is a legal penalty under the United States federal government criminal justice system.
It can be handed down for treason, espionage, murder, large-scale drug trafficking, or attempting to kill a witness, juror, or court officer in certain cases; but all inmates currently under federal death sentences were condemned for aggravated murder. Executions performed by the federal government are infrequent compared to those performed by state governments.[1][2]
The Federal Bureau of Prisons manages the housing and execution of federal death row prisoners. As of January 1, 2017, 62 offenders were on the federal death row, most of them at Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Histories
2 Legal process
2.1 Sentencing
2.2 Appeals
3 Capital offenses
4 Method
5 Post-Furman executions
6 Presidential assassins
7 Military executions
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
Histories[edit]
Main article: Capital punishment in the United States
United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute, Indiana, the location of the federal death row for men and the federal execution chamber
Some male death row inmates are instead held at Florence ADMAX
The Crimes Act of 1790 defined some capital offenses: treason, murder, robbery, piracy, mutiny, hostility against the United States, counterfeiting, and aiding the escape of a capital prisoner.[4] The first federal execution was that of Thomas Bird on June 25, 1790 due to his committing "murder on the high seas".[5]
The use of the death penalty in U.S. territories was handled by federal judges and the U.S. Marshal Service.
Historically, members of the U.S. Marshalls Service conducted all federal executions.[5] Pre-Furman executions by the federal government were normally carried out within the prison system of the state in which the crime was committed. Only in cases where the crime was committed in a territory, the District of Columbia, or a state without the death penalty was it the norm for the court to designate the state in which the death penalty would be carried out, as the federal prison system lacked an execution facility.
Capital punishment was halted in 1972 after the Furman v. Georgia decision, but was once again permitted under the Gregg v. Georgia decision in 1976.
The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 restored the death penalty under federal law for drug offenses and some types of murder.[6] President Bill Clinton signed the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, expanding the federal death penalty in 1994.[7] In response to the Oklahoma City bombing, the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 was passed in 1996. Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute became the only federal prison to execute people and one of only two prisons to hold federally condemned people.
In the late 1980s, Senator Alfonse D'Amato, from New York State, sponsored a bill to make certain federal drug crimes eligible for the death penalty as he was frustrated by the lack of a death penalty in his home state.[8] Prior to the 1990s bills, federal death penalty cases only covered crimes not in state criminal codes such as treason. Since the 1990s some federal death penalty laws cover acts already covered under state criminal codes.[9] However before 2001, federal attorneys had a policy stating that there would be no reason to seek a federal death penalty in a state that does not have its own death penalty, and until that point federal attorneys never pursued capital punishment in states without their own death penalties.[8] The policy was later abandoned and Marvin Gabrion, who committed his crime in Michigan, became the first post-Furman person in a non-death penalty state to receive the federal death penalty; he was sentenced on March 16, 2002. By October 2009 federal courts gave death sentences to eight other persons from non-death penalty states.[10]
Timothy McVeigh was executed on June 11, 2001, for his involvement in the Oklahoma City bombing where 168 people were killed. It was the first federal execution since 1963; it was broadcast on a closed circuit-television to survivors and victims' families.[11] Other executions by the United States include Juan Raul Garza on June 19, 2001, and Louis Jones Jr. on March 18, 2003. Sentences of death are now handed down by a jury, and the judge lacks discretion to reject the recommendation.[12]
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev
The use of the federal death penalty increased in the 2000s, with the number of those sentenced to death federally climbing from 18 to 50 by 2007. Most such sentences were given in states which have active death state penalty statutes, with the largest number of federal death sentences handed down in Texas. However U.S. attorneys increasingly began pursuing death sentences in states with no state death penalties and/or with inactive state death penalties. In federal trials, courts may exclude jurors who are opposed to the death penalty, even in trials taking place in non-death penalty states.[8] In 2004 Brigham stated that due to an increase of federal death penalty verdicts in the preceding decade, "some fear a "federalization" of the death penalty is taking place".[2]
The two most recent offenders sentenced to death by federal courts are Dzhokhar Tsarnaev in 2015 for his role in the Boston Marathon bombing, and white supremacist Dylann Roof in 2016 for the Charleston church shooting where he killed nine people.
As of July 25, 2017, there are 61 offenders on federal death row, most of them at Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana.[13] The only woman on federal death row as of 2017, Lisa M. Montgomery,[13] is held at Federal Medical Center, Carswell, in Fort Worth, Texas.[14] Aside from those at Terre Haute, three male death row inmates are held at ADX Florence, two are held at Springfield MCFP, and one is held at USP Beaumont. [15] Two people have been re-sentenced since 1976 to life in prison and one had the sentence commuted to life in prison by President Bill Clinton in 2001. In 2017, President Barack Obama commuted two death sentences, one handed down by a federal district court and one other issued by a court-martial.[16]
Legal process[edit]
Sentencing[edit]
In the federal system, the final decision to seek the death penalty rests with the United States Attorney General. This differs from states, where local prosecutors have the final say with no involvement from the state attorney general.[17]
The sentence is decided by the jury and must be unanimous.
In case of a hung jury during the penalty phase of the trial, a life sentence is issued, even if a single juror opposed death (there is no retrial).[18]
Appeals[edit]
While death row inmates sentenced by state governments may appeal to both state courts and federal courts, federal death row inmates may only appeal to federal courts; this gives them fewer avenues of appeal.[19]
The power of clemency belongs to the President of the United States.
Capital offenses[edit]
Federal Medical Center, Carswell, Texas, houses the female death row inmates
These are the offenses punishable by life imprisonment or death under United States Code:[20]
Causing death by using a chemical weapon or a weapon of mass destruction
Killing a member of the Congress, the Cabinet or United States Supreme Court
Kidnapping a member of the Congress, the Cabinet or Supreme Court resulting in death
Conspiracy to kill a member of the Congress, the Cabinet or Supreme Court resulting in death
Causing death by using an explosive
Causing death by using an illegal firearm
Causing death during a drug-related drive-by shooting
Genocide resulting in death
Carjacking resulting in death
Willful destruction of aircraft or motor vehicles resulting in death.
Causing death by aircraft hijacking or any attempt to commit aircraft hijacking.
Causing death by kidnapping or hostage taking.
First degree murder
Murder perpetrated by poison or lying in wait
Murder that is willful, deliberate, malicious, and premeditated
Murder in the perpetration of, or in the attempt to perpetrate, any arson, torture, escape, kidnapping, treason, espionage, sabotage, aggravated sexual abuse or sexual abuse, child abuse, burglary, or robbery.
Murder perpetrated as part of a pattern or practice of assault or torture against a child or children
Murder committed by a federal prisoner or an escaped federal prisoner sentenced to 15 years to life or a more severe penalty
Assassinating the President or a member of his or her staff
Kidnapping the President or a member of his staff resulting in death
Killing persons aiding federal investigations or State correctional officers
Willful wrecking of a train resulting in death
Sexual abuse resulting in death
Sexual exploitation of children resulting in death
Torture resulting in death
War crimes resulting in death
Large-scale drug trafficking (ie: high-level selling of cocaine)
Attempting, authorizing or advising the killing of any officer, juror, or witness in cases involving a Continuing Criminal Enterprise, even if such killing does not occur.
Deprivation of constitutional rights or conspiracy to do so, involving kidnapping or rape, or resulting in serious bodily harm or death.
Espionage
Treason
Method[edit]
The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution.
The federal government has a facility and regulations only for executions by lethal injection, but the United States Code allows U.S. Marshals to use state facilities and employees for federal executions.[21][22]
Federal executions by lethal injection occur at United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute.[23]
Post-Furman executions[edit]
Three executions (none of them military) have occurred in the modern post-Gregg era. This list only includes those executed under federal jurisdiction. Since 1963, three people have been executed by the federal government of the United States. All were executed by lethal injection at USP Terre Haute.
Executed person
Date
Crime
State where crime occurred
1 Timothy McVeigh June 11, 2001 Murder of eight federal law enforcement officers through the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building. Oklahoma
2 Juan Raul Garza June 19, 2001 Murder of Thomas Albert Rumbo, ordering the murders of Gilberto Matos, Erasmo De La Fuente, Antonio Nieto, Bernabe Sosa, Diana Flores Villareal, Oscar Cantu, and Fernando Escobar Garcia in conjunction with a drug-smuggling ring Texas
3 Louis Jones, Jr. March 18, 2003 Rape and murder of Pvt. Tracie McBride, USA Texas
Presidential assassins[edit]
Execution of Mary Surratt, Lewis Powell, David Herold, and George Atzerodt on July 7, 1865 at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C.
Executed person
Date of execution
Method
President Assassinated
Under President
George Atzerodt July 7, 1865 hanging Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson
David Herold July 7, 1865 hanging Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson
Lewis Powell July 7, 1865 hanging Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson
Mary Surratt July 7, 1865 hanging Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson
Charles J. Guiteau June 30, 1882 hanging James Garfield Chester A. Arthur
The assassinations of Lincoln and Garfield were prosecuted by the federal government because they took place in the District of Columbia. Guiteau's trial was held in D.C. court while the trial of the Lincoln conspirators was held in a special military tribunal. The assassin of William McKinley, Leon Czolgosz, was tried and executed for murder by New York state authorities. The accused assassin of John F. Kennedy, Lee Harvey Oswald, would presumably have been tried for murder by Texas state authorities had he not been killed two days later by Jack Ruby in the basement of the Dallas Municipal Building (then Dallas Police Department headquarters) while being transferred to the county jail. (Ruby himself was initially tried and convicted of murder in a Texas state court, but that was overturned by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals and he died before he could be retried.) Only after Kennedy's death was it made a federal crime to murder the President of the United States.
Military executions[edit]
Main article: Capital punishment by the United States military
The United States military has executed 135 people since 1916. The most recent person to be executed by the military is U.S. Army Private John A. Bennett, executed on April 13, 1961 for rape and attempted murder. Since the end of the Civil War in 1865, only one person has been executed for a purely military offense: Private Eddie Slovik, who was executed on January 31, 1945 after being convicted of desertion.
See also[edit]
Government of the United States portal
Law portal
Death portal
List of people executed by the United States federal government
List of death row inmates held by the United States federal government
Crime in the United States
Law of the United States
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Tirschwell, Eric A. and Theodore Hertzberg (both of Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP). "Politics and Prosecutions: A Historical Perspective on Shifting Federal Standards for Pursuing the Death Penalty in non-Death Penalty States." Journal of Constitutional Law. October 2009. Volume 12 Issue 1. p. 57-98. CITED: p. 59.
^ Jump up to: a b Brigham, John (University of Massachusetts). "Unusual Punishment: The Federal Death Penalty in the United States." Washington University Journal of Law & Policy. January 2004. Volume 16 (Access to Justice: The Social Responsibility of Lawyers | New Federalism). p. 195-233. See profile page. CITED: p. 212.
Jump up ^ Federal Death Row Prisoners, Death Penalty Information Center, January 1, 2017
Jump up ^ Crimes Act of 1790, ch. 9, §§ 1, 3, 8–10, 14, 23, 1 Stat. 112, 112–15, 117.
^ Jump up to: a b "History - Historical Federal Executions ." U.S. Marshals Service. Retrieved on July 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ (Pub.L. 100–690, 102 Stat. 4181, enacted November 18, 1988, H.R. 5210)
Jump up ^ H.R. 3355, Pub.L. 103–322
^ Jump up to: a b c Greenblatt, Alan. "Death From Washington." Governing. May 2007. Retrieved on June 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Shapiro, Bruce. "What’s Wrong With the Federal Death Penalty." The Nation. May 19, 2015. Retrieved on March 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Tirschwell, Eric A. and Theodore Hertzberg (both of Kramer Levin Naftalis & Frankel LLP). "Politics and Prosecutions: A Historical Perspective on Shifting Federal Standards for Pursuing the Death Penalty in non-Death Penalty States." Journal of Constitutional Law. October 2009. Volume 12 Issue 1. p. 57-98. CITED: p. 62.
Jump up ^ "THE McVEIGH EXECUTION: OKLAHOMA CITY; Execution on TV Brings Little Solace". nytimes.com. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ 18 U.S.C. § 3594; see also U.S. v. Henderson, 485 F.Supp.2d 831, 857 (S.D. Ohio 2007) (recognizing that jury's "recommendation" is binding on the court).
^ Jump up to: a b "Federal Death Row Prisoners: Updated July 25, 2017". Death Penalty Information Center. deathpenaltyinfo.org. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lisa M Montgomery" (inmate entry), in the "Find an Inmate" inmate locator database, Federal Bureau of Prisons; accessible via search for BOP Register Number 11072-031. Retrieved September 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sargent, Hillary and Dialynn Dwyer. "Tsarnaev moved to supermax prison. Here’s how he’ll live" (Archive). Boston Globe. July 17, 2015. Retrieved on December 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Obamas overlooked last-minute commutation lifts death sentence for disabled inmate". lawbreakingnews.com. Retrieved June 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ "U.S. Attorneys' Manual » Title 9: Criminal - 9-10.000 - Capital Crimes". justice.gov. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Section 3594 - Imposition of a sentence of death". law.justia.com. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Potter, Kyle. "Dru Sjodin’s killer drags out death row delays ." Associated Press at the Twin Cities Pioneer Press. March 22, 2014. Retrieved on June 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ Title 18 Chapter 228, U.S. Code
Jump up ^ "§ 26.3 Date, time, place, and method of execution.". law.cornell.edu. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "18 U.S. Code § 3597 - Use of State facilities". law.cornell.edu. Retrieved March 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "The plan to kill Tsarnaev" (Archive). Boston Globe. April 9, 2015. Retrieved on December 13, 2015.
Further reading[edit]
Academic articles
Ross, Jonathan. "The Marriage of State Law and Individual Rights and a New Limit on the Federal Death Penalty." Cleveland State Law Review, 2014. Volume 63, Issue 101. p. 101-146 (46 pages in document).
Texts of relevant laws
Using a chemical weapon where the use causes death
Killing a member of the congress, the cabinet or Supreme Court, Kidnapping a member of the congress, the cabinet or Supreme Court resulting in death and Conspiracy to kill a member of the congress, the cabinet or Supreme Court resulting in death
Espionage
Using an explosive device to knowingly kill a person
Causing death using an illegal firearm
Genocide where death results
First Degree Murder
Murder by a federal prisoner
Killing persons aiding Federal investigations or State correctional officers
Murdering the president or his staff and Kidnapping the president or his staff resulting in death
Sexual abuse resulting in death
Sexual exploitation of children resulting in death
Torture resulting in death
Treason
War Crimes Resulting in death
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text:
Sara Ramirez
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the Mexican-American singer and actress. For other uses, see Sara Ramírez (disambiguation).
This is an American name. The family name Ramirez is sometimes transliterated as Ramírez in Spanish-language text.
Sara Ramírez
Ramirez in 2008.
Born
Sara Elena Ramírez
(1975-08-31) August 31, 1975 (age 43)
Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
Citizenship
Mexico
United States
Education
Juilliard School (BFA)
Occupation
Actress
singer
songwriter
Years active
1998–present
Spouse(s)
Ryan Debolt (m. 2012)
Website
www.sararamirez.com
Sara Elena Ramírez (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈsaɾa eˈlena raˈmiɾes]; born August 31, 1975) is a Mexican American actress, singer, and songwriter. Born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, she graduated with a fine arts degree from the Juilliard School. She began acting in Broadway productions, making her debut with Paul Simon's The Capeman, and later ventured into film and television roles. Ramirez is a recipient of a Tony Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, and a Satellite Award, among other accolades.
Ramirez's portrayal of the original Lady of the Lake in the 2005 Broadway musical Spamalot won her acclaim and the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical. She gained wider recognition for her role as Dr. Callie Torres, in Grey's Anatomy. She made her debut as a voice artist with the 1999 video game entitled UmJammer Lammy, and has voiced Queen Miranda in the animated series Sofia the First (2012–present).
Ramirez released her first single "Silent Night" in 2009. Her self titled extended play debuted at no. 37 at the Billboard 200 in 2011. Ramirez is also an activist and extensively campaigns for LGBT rights. She was awarded the Ally for Equality Award by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation in 2015.
Contents
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Broadway breakthrough and other roles (1998–2005)
2.2 Grey's Anatomy and other projects (2006–2016)
3 Personal life and off-screen work
3.1 Singing career
3.2 Philanthropy
4 Filmography and awards
4.1 Accolades
5 Discography
5.1 Extended plays
5.2 Singles
5.3 Soundtracks
6 References
7 External links
Early life[edit]
Ramirez was born in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, in the northwestern Pacific coast of Mexico. Her father is Mexican and her mother is of Mexican and Irish-American descent.[1] Her parents divorced when she was eight years old, and Ramirez went to live with her mother.[2] They eventually settled in Tierrasanta, San Diego, California. Ramirez's interest in music encouraged her mother to send her to San Diego School of Creative and Performing Arts, where she discovered her singing talent during an audition.[2] Ramirez started acting in stage productions at her high school.[3]
After having played such roles as the Witch in Into the Woods, Dolly in Hello, Dolly! and Miss Hannigan in Annie,[3] Ramirez was recommended for the Juilliard School, New York City. She graduated with a Bachelor's of Fine Arts (Dramatics).[2] At Juilliard, she further worked on her acting skills and trained as an alto singer.[4] Ramirez speaks both Spanish and English fluently.[5]
Career[edit]
Broadway breakthrough and other roles (1998–2005)[edit]
While still at Juilliard, Ramirez was discovered by a casting director and was offered the role of Wahzinak in Paul Simon's 1998 Broadway musical The Capeman.[6] Based on the life of the Puerto Rican gangster Salvador Agron, the production garnered negative reviews, but Ramirez was singled out for her "outstanding" performance.[7] She made her screen debut in the same year, with a minor yet "memorable" role in the romantic comedy You've Got Mail.[8] Starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan, the film had Ramirez play Rose, a Zabars cashier who was "very serious about her line's cash-only policy."[9] Ramirez voiced the titular character of Lammy in the video game UmJammer Lammy, a spin-off of PaRappa the Rapper, on Sony's PlayStation console. She later reprised her role in the latter's sequel for PlayStation 2, but had a smaller role.[10]
In 1999, Ramirez appeared in Mark Lamos' The Gershwins' Fascinating Rhythm (1999). She garnered praise for her performance and received an Outer Critics Circle Award nomination for her role. Charles Isherwood of Variety praised her "beautiful, smoky voice" but was critical of her "torchy" performance of "The Man I Love," which ignored "the wry irony that infuses Ira's lyrics".[11] Ramirez then appeared in the 2001 Broadway production of Edward Kleban's A Class Act. She replaced Julia Murney (from the off-Broadway) to play the role of Felecia, the protagonist Ed's boss.[12] The same year, she starred in other productions including Fascinating Rhythm and Dreamgirls, and then performed in the 2002 production of The Vagina Monologues with Tovah Feldshuh and Suzanne Bertish.[13] During this time, Ramirez also appeared in guest roles in several television series, including NYPD Blue, Law & Order: SVU, Third Watch, and Spin City among others.[14]
Ramirez's breakout role came when she was cast as the Lady of the Lake in Eric Idle and John Du Prez's musical Spamalot.[15] Based on the 1975 film Monty Python and the Holy Grail, the musical opened on Broadway in 2005 to widespread acclaim.[16] Ramirez was singled out for her performance, winning several awards including the 2005 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical and the Drama League Award for Distinguished Performance.[17] Ben Brantley of The New York Times described her as "a toothsome devourer of scenery",[18] and another reviewer for The Playgoer emphasizing her stage presence remarked, "Her intensity is totally serious and totally ludicrous and totally on key".[19] An Entertainment Weekly review gave her the highest praise by calling her a show-stealer.[20]
Grey's Anatomy and other projects (2006–2016)[edit]
After her success on Broadway, Ramirez joined the cast of Grey's Anatomy in a recurring role as Dr. Calliope 'Callie' Torres, a love interest for Dr. George O'Malley, in the show's second season. On a special Grey's Anatomy-themed episode of The Oprah Winfrey Show, she revealed that top executives from ABC, who were greatly impressed by her performance in Spamalot, offered her a role in any ABC show she wanted. She picked Grey's, as she was already a fan of the show.[21] Ramirez further explained that at her initial audition, the producers liked her and intended to add her to the show but did not know who to cast her as.[22] She also said she was in awe of how the executives said, "Pick a show, any show", explaining that it is rare.[23] The series creator and executive producer, Shonda Rhimes explained, "I was looking for a girlfriend for George, but it was in the infancy stages, so I had no idea what I was looking for." Rhimes built the character around Ramirez after she met her.[24] Ramirez, who was initially given a recurring status at the time of the character's inception, received a star billing in the show's third season, alongside fellow cast member Eric Dane, who portrayed Dr. Mark Sloan.[25]
Ramirez provided a cappella vocals in the song "Silent Night" for the soundtrack of the show's sixth season episode "Holidaze," airing on November 19, 2009. Ramirez served as the main vocalist for the musical episode of Grey's Anatomy, "Song Beneath the Song", which on aired March 31, 2011. Marcus James Dixon of Gold Derby calling her the "show-stopper", wrote that she "stole the show in a gut-wrenching performance worthy of an Emmy award."[26] In May 2016, Ramirez left the show at the conclusion of the twelfth season, after having played the character for a decade.[27] She released a statement saying, "I'm deeply grateful to have spent the last 10 years with my family at Grey's Anatomy and ABC, but for now I'm taking some welcome time off".[27]
As the series progressed, the character's popularity soared and Ramirez garnered widespread recognition and critical acclaim for her portrayal of a complex character on television.[28][29] Reviewing the performances of Ramirez and Jessica Capshaw an episode of the eleventh season, Maggie Fremont of Vulture called them "goddesses walking amongst mere mortals".[30] Rhimes wrote of Ramirez's work on the show, "Dr. Callie Torres came into our lives dancing it out in her underwear almost a decade ago, and I could not be happier or more proud of her journey. Sara Ramirez's performance inspired me as well as millions of fans each week."[31] Ramirez was nominated for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Television Series at the Alma Awards in 2007 and 2008.[32] Also in 2007, at the 13th Screen Actors Guild Awards, the cast of Grey's Anatomy received the Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.[33] She and the cast were nominated for the same award in 2008.[34] In 2011, at the 42nd NAACP Image Awards, Ramirez was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series.[35]
Ramirez turned producer with the 2016 teen comedy film, Loserville. The project was released in partnership with the Pacer Foundation's Center for Bullying Prevention & Stomp Out Bullying.[36]
Most recently, Ramirez joined the cast of Madam Secretary as series regular Kat Sandoval, Secretary McCord's new policy advisor.
Personal life and off-screen work[edit]
Ramirez at the Designs for Cure Gala, 2011
In June 2011, Ramirez got engaged to her longtime partner, Ryan DeBolt, a business analyst at TIMEC in Paris, France.[37] They were married on July 4, 2012 in a private beachside ceremony in New York.[38][39] Ramirez came out as bisexual at the October 2016 40 To None summit, organised by True Colors Fund's in Los Angeles, California.[40][41] She wrote to The Huffington Post in an e-mail that her decision to come out publicly was a "very organic and natural" one.[42] In September 2016, Ramirez donated her hair to "Locks of Love", an organization that makes wigs for children who suffer from medical conditions that lead to hair loss. She sports a buzz cut.[43]
Singing career[edit]
Ramirez released her first single, a rendition of Silent Night, in 2009.[44] Her debut self titled extended play came out in March 2011, on the iTunes Store under the label of Atrevida Records. The EP included four songs, including a cover of "The Story", which was originally recorded by Brandi Carlile in her 2007 album. Two of the three songs were co-written by Ramirez and the album's writer-producer Rob Giles.[45][46] Sara Ramirez debuted at number thirty-seven on the Billboard 200, number nine on Billboard's Independent Albums chart, and number thirty-eight on the Canadian Albums Chart.[47][48][49] "The Story" debuted the same week at number 69 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 72 on the Canadian Hot 100, and number 34 on the Irish Singles Chart.[50][51][52] Soundtracks for Monty Python's Spamalot (Original Broadway Cast Recording) (2005) and Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event (2011) were released under the labels of Decca Records and ABC Studios respectively.[53][54]
Philanthropy[edit]
Ramirez is an activist and extensively campaigns for LGBT rights. She is a member of the True Colors Fund's Board of Directors and The Task Force, and the San Diego, New York, and San Francisco LGBT Centers. She spoke in support of homeless LGBTQ youth at a True Colors Fund conference.[42] In addition, Ramirez supports other groups including Bisexual Organizing Project, NDLON, and Mujerez De Maiz. In 2015, she was awarded the Ally for Equality Award by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation.[36]
Filmography and awards[edit]
Main article: List of roles and awards of Sara Ramirez
Accolades[edit]
Ramirez won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical and the Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical for her role in the 2005 Broadway musical Spamalot.[14] She gained widespread acclaim for her portrayal of Dr. Callie Torres in ABC's medical drama Grey's Anatomy. She garnered nominations for the Best Actress at the NAACP Image Award, the ALMA Award, and won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series.[35][32][33]
Discography[edit]
Extended plays[edit]
List of albums, with selected chart positions
Title
Album details
Peak chart positions
US
[50]
US
Indie
[55]
CAN
[56]
Sara Ramirez
Released: March 27, 2011
Label: Atrevida
Format: digital download
37 7 38
Singles[edit]
"Silent Night" (2009)
"Rollercoaster" (2015)
Soundtracks[edit]
Year
Title
Chart positions
US
US
Indie
2005 Monty Python's Spamalot (Original Broadway Cast Recording)
Released: May 3, 2005
Label: Decca Records
Format: Compact disc, digital download
69[57] —
2011 Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event
Released: March 31, 2011
Label: ABC Studios
Format: digital download
24[58] 5[59]
"—" denotes items which were not released in that country or failed to chart.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Sara Ramirez- Biography". Yahoo! Movies. Archived from the original on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c Yang, Jeff (12 November 2015). "Video: 'Grey's Anatomy' Star Sara Ramirez Brings Empathy And Activism To Acting". NPR. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sara Ramirez". TV Guide. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Alumni News Reflections: Sara Ramirez". The Juilliard School. May 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-05-03. Retrieved 2008-07-12.
Jump up ^ Gostin, Nicki (3 July 2012). "AlumniSara Ramirez Talks 'Grey's Anatomy,' Being Labeled A Latina Actress". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Sandell, Laurie (30 November 2006). "Getting Over Myself: I'm a Size 12 in a Size 0 Town". Glamour. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sara Ramirez". AskMen. Archived from the original on 1 November 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Lee (10 March 2011). "Sara Ramirez: A Career Retrospective". Latina. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Wickman, Kase (20 December 2013). "'You've Got Mail' Turns 15: Here's 10 Things You Didn't Know About The Film". MTV. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Nededog, Jethro (23 June 2011). "'Grey's Anatomy's' Sara Ramirez: 5 Things You Didn't Know". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Isherwood, Charles (26 April 1999). "Review : 'The Gershwins' Fascinating Rhythm'". Variety. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "A Class Act At The Landor". Overtures. 13 February 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bertish, Feldshuh, Class Act's Ramirez Next in Vagina Monologues Nov. 12-Dec. 1". Playbill. 12 November 2002. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Hernandez, Ernio (11 October 2005). "Spamalot Tony Winner Sara Ramirez Leaves Lady of the Lake in December". PlayBill. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Charles (9 July 2009). "Theater review: 'Spamalot' at the Ahmanson Theatre*". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Sage, Mark (14 January 2005). "Spamalot acclaimed". The Age. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "2004-5 Drama League Award Winners Announced". Broadway World. 13 March 2005. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Brantley, Ben (18 March 2005). "A Quest Beyond the Grail". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Review: Spamalot". The Playgoer. 31 May 2005. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Must List 2005: Sara Ramirez". Entertainment Weekly. 17 June 2005. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sara Ramirez Chandra Wilson Kate Walsh OP". YouTube. 5 April 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Yuan, Jada (18 September 2006). "Belle Curves: Sara Ramirez". New York Magazine. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Sara Ramirez, Kate Walsh, Chandra Wilson, Oprah Winfrey (5 April 2008). Sara Ramirez Chandra Wilson Kate Walsh OP. Los Angeles, California: Oprah Winfrey.
Jump up ^ Hendrickson, Paula (6 May 2009). "Casting chemistry keeps 'Grey's' fresh". Variety. Reed Business Information. Retrieved 9 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (16 November 2005). "Spamalot's Ramirez Lands Role on TV's "Grey's Anatomy"". Playbill. Philip S Birsh. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Dixon, Marcus (1 April 2011). "Sara Ramirez is show-stopper in musical 'Grey's Anatomy'". Gold Derby. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Grey's Anatomy' Star Sara Ramirez Exits Series After 10 Years as Callie: See Her Emotional Comments". Us Weekly. 19 May 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Yuan, Jada (18 September 2006). "Belle Curves: Sara Ramirez". Bustle. New York Media, LLC. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Hendricks, Jaclyn (10 October 2016). "'Grey's Anatomy' star Sara Ramirez comes out as bisexual". Page Six. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Fremont, Maggie (6 May 2016). "Grey's Anatomy Recap: Calzona Implodes". Vulture. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Ausiello, Michael (19 May 2016). "Sara Ramirez Confirms Grey's Anatomy Departure: 'I'm Taking Some Time Off'". TV Line. Retrieved 5 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Past ALMA Recipients". Alma Awards. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "The 13th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "The 14th Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards". Screen Actors Guild Awards. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "The 42nd NAACP Image Awards". NAACP Image Awards. Archived from the original on 8 March 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Sara Ramirez". TED. Retrieved 20 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Chaney, Jen (24 June 2011). "Sara Ramirez engaged; Curtis Stone and Lindsay Price expecting baby". The Washington Post. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 27 June 2011.
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Lee (9 July 2012). "Sara Ramirez, Grey's Anatomy Star, is Married! (EXCLUSIVE)". Huffington Post. Huffington Post. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
Jump up ^ "Tony Winner and Grey's Anatomy Star Sara Ramirez Ties the Knot!". Broadway.com. Broadway.com. 9 July 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Erin Rook (8 October 2016). "'Grey's Anatomy' star Sara Ramirez comes out as bisexual and queer". LGBTQ Nation. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Sara Ramirez [@SaraRamirez] (8 October 2016). "#40ToNoneSummit #SpeakingMyTruth! Will post full video of speech soon! #ThankYou @TrueColorsFund #WomanOfColor #Bisexual #Queer #Immigrant" (Tweet). Retrieved 8 October 2016 – via Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b Wong, Curtis (11 October 2016). "'Grey's Anatomy' Star Sara Ramirez Comes Out As Bisexual". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Aiello, McKenna (16 September 2016). "Former Grey's Anatomy Star Sara Ramirez Gets a Buzz Cut for a Worthy Cause". E!. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Silent Night". Amazon. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (25 March 2011). "Tony Winner Sara Ramirez's EP Will Be Available on ITunes March 27". Playbill. Philip S Birsh. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sara Ramirez". iTunes Store. Apple Inc. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Caulfield, Keith; Trust, Gary (7 April 2011). "Chart Moves: Katy Perry, Rihanna, Elton John, Lil Wayne, Celtic Thunder". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Independent Albums: Week of April 16, 2011". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "ALBUMS : Top 100". JAM! Music. Nielsen Soundscan. 7 April 2011. Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Caulfield, Keith; Trust, Gary (7 April 2011). "Chart Moves: Katy Perry, Rihanna, Elton John, Lil Wayne, Celtic Thunder". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Canadian Hot 100: Week of April 16, 2011 (Biggest Jump)". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Irish Music Charts Archive: Top 50 Singles, Week Ending 7 April 2011". Chart-Track. GfK. 7 April 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Hernandez, Ernio (26 November 2007). "Monty Python's Spamalot Climbs Billboard Cast Albums Chart". PlayBill. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Grey's Anatomy: The Music Event". i Tunes Store. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Independent Albums: Week of April 16, 2010". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "ALBUMS : Top 100". JAM! Music. Nielsen Soundscan. 7 April 2011. Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 10 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Week of July 09, 2005". Billboard. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Kaufman, Gil (6 April 2011). "Britney Spears' Femme Fatale Debuts At #1 On Billboard". MTV. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Soundtracks: Week of April 16, 2011" (Note: to access peak, click the white area around the song). Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sara Ramírez.
Official website
Sara Ramirez at the Internet Broadway Database
Sara Ramirez on IMDb
show
v
t
e
Satellite Award for Best Cast – Television Series
2000
The West Wing
Alan Alda
Stockard Channing
Kristin Chenoweth
Dulé Hill
Allison Janney
Moira Kelly
Rob Lowe
Joshua Malina
Mary McCormack
Janel Moloney
Richard Schiff
Martin Sheen
Jimmy Smits
John Spencer
Bradley Whitford
2001
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Amber Benson
Marc Blucas
David Boreanaz
Nicholas Brendon
Charisma Carpenter
Emma Caulfield
Sarah Michelle Gellar
Seth Green
Alyson Hannigan
Anthony Head
James Marsters
Michelle Trachtenberg
2005
Rescue Me
Denis Leary
John Scurti
Daniel Sunjata
Mike Lombardi
Steven Pasquale
Andrea Roth
Callie Thorne
Adam Ferrara
Larenz Tate
James McCaffrey
Dean Winters
2006
Grey's Anatomy
Justin Chambers
Eric Dane
Patrick Dempsey
Katherine Heigl
T. R. Knight
Sandra Oh
James Pickens Jr.
Ellen Pompeo
Sara Ramirez
Kate Walsh
Isaiah Washington
Chandra Wilson
2007
Mad Men
Bryan Batt
Anne Dudek
Michael Gladis
Jon Hamm
Christina Hendricks
January Jones
Vincent Kartheiser
Robert Morse
Elisabeth Moss
Kiernan Shipka
Maggie Siff
John Slattery
Rich Sommer
Aaron Staton
2009
True Blood
Chris Bauer
Mehcad Brooks
Anna Camp
Nelsan Ellis
Michelle Forbes
Mariana Klaveno
Ryan Kwanten
Todd Lowe
Michael McMillian
Stephen Moyer
Anna Paquin
Jim Parrack
Carrie Preston
William Sanderson
Alexander Skarsgård
Sam Trammell
Rutina Wesley
Deborah Ann Woll
2012
The Walking Dead
Andrew Lincoln
Sarah Wayne Callies
Laurie Holden
Norman Reedus
Steven Yeun
Lauren Cohan
Chandler Riggs
Melissa McBride
Scott Wilson
Danai Gurira
Michael Rooker
David Morrissey
2013
Orange Is the New Black
Taylor Schilling
Laura Prepon
Michael Harney
Michelle Hurst
Kate Mulgrew
Jason Biggs
2014
The Knick
Clive Owen
André Holland
Jeremy Bobb
Juliet Rylance
Eve Hewson
Michael Angarano
Chris Sullivan
Cara Seymour
Eric Johnson
David Fierro
Maya Kazan
Leon Addison Brown
Grainger Hines
Matt Frewer
2015
American Crime
Felicity Huffman
Timothy Hutton
W. Earl Brown
Richard Cabral
Regina King
Caitlin Gerard
Benito Martinez
Penelope Ann Miller
Elvis Nolasco
Johnny Ortiz
2016
Outlander
Caitriona Balfe
Sam Heughan
Tobias Menzies
Lotte Verbeek
Laura Donnelly
Steven Cree
Duncan Lacroix
Grant O'Rourke
Gary Lewis
Graham McTavish
Stephen Walters
Simon Callow
Nell Hudson
Dominique Pinon
Stanley Weber
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2017
Poldark
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Heida Reed
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show
v
t
e
Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series (2000–2009)
2000: The West Wing, season 1/season 2
Hill
Janney
Kelly
Lowe
Moloney
Schiff
Sheen
Spencer
Whitford
2001: The West Wing, season 2/season 3
Hill
Janney
Lowe
Moloney
Schiff
Sheen
Spencer
Whitford
2002: Six Feet Under, season 2
Ambrose
Conroy
Griffiths
Hall
Krause
Rodríguez
St. Patrick
2003: Six Feet Under, season 3
Ambrose
Conroy
Foster
Griffiths
Hall
Krause
Macdissi
Machado
Rodríguez
St. Patrick
Taylor
Wilson
2004: CSI: Crime Scene Investigation,
season 4/season 5
Dourdan
Eads
Fox
Guilfoyle
Hall
Helgenberger
Petersen
Szmanda
2005: Lost, season 1/season 2
Akinnuoye-Agbaje
Andrews
de Ravin
Fox
Garcia
Grace
Holloway
Kelley
D. D. Kim
Y. Kim
Lilly
Monaghan
O'Quinn
Perrineau
Rodriguez
Somerhalder
Watros
2006: Grey's Anatomy, season 2/season 3
Chambers
Dane
Dempsey
Heigl
Knight
Oh
Pickens
Pompeo
Ramirez
Walsh
Washington
Wilson
2007: The Sopranos, season 6, part II
Antonacci
Bracco
Falco
Gandolfini
Grimaldi
Iler
Imperioli
Nascarella
Schirripa
Servitto
Sigler
Sirico
Turturro
Van Zandt
Vincent
2008: Mad Men, season 2
Batt
Brie
Gladis
Hamm
Hart
Hendricks
Jones
Kartheiser
Moses
Moss
Shipka
Slattery
Sommer
Staton
2009: Mad Men, season 3
Alemanni
Batt
Gilmore
Gladis
Hamm
Harris
Hendricks
Jones
Kartheiser
Morse
Moss
Shipka
Slattery
Sommer
Stanley
Staton
Complete list
(1994–1999)
(2000–2009)
(2010–present)
show
v
t
e
Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical
Juanita Hall (1950)
Isabel Bigley (1951)
Helen Gallagher (1952)
Sheila Bond (1953)
Gwen Verdon (1954)
Carol Haney (1955)
Lotte Lenya (1956)
Edie Adams (1957)
Barbara Cook (1958)
Pat Stanley (1959)
Patricia Neway (1960)
Tammy Grimes (1961)
Phyllis Newman (1962)
Anna Quayle (1963)
Tessie O'Shea (1964)
Maria Karnilova (1965)
Beatrice Arthur (1966)
Peg Murray (1967)
Lillian Hayman (1968)
Marian Mercer (1969)
Melba Moore (1970)
Patsy Kelly (1971)
Linda Hopkins (1972)
Patricia Elliott (1973)
Janie Sell (1974)
Dee Dee Bridgewater (1975)
Kelly Bishop (1976)
Delores Hall (1977)
Nell Carter (1978)
Carlin Glynn (1979)
Priscilla Lopez (1980)
Marilyn Cooper (1981)
Liliane Montevecchi (1982)
Betty Buckley (1983)
Lila Kedrova (1984)
Leilani Jones (1985)
Bebe Neuwirth (1986)
Frances Ruffelle (1987)
Judy Kaye (1988)
Debbie Shapiro (1989)
Randy Graff (1990)
Daisy Eagan (1991)
Tonya Pinkins (1992)
Andrea Martin (1993)
Audra McDonald (1994)
Gretha Boston (1995)
Ann Duquesnay (1996)
Lillias White (1997)
Audra McDonald (1998)
Kristin Chenoweth (1999)
Karen Ziemba (2000)
Cady Huffman (2001)
Harriet Sansom Harris (2002)
Jane Krakowski (2003)
Anika Noni Rose (2004)
Sara Ramirez (2005)
Beth Leavel (2006)
Mary Louise Wilson (2007)
Laura Benanti (2008)
Karen Olivo (2009)
Katie Finneran (2010)
Nikki M. James (2011)
Judy Kaye (2012)
Andrea Martin (2013)
Lena Hall (2014)
Ruthie Ann Miles (2015)
Renée Elise Goldsberry (2016)
Rachel Bay Jones (2017)
Lindsay Mendez (2018)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
GND: 135502411
ISNI: 0000 0001 1946 3003
LCCN: no2005052489
MusicBrainz: 92f91947-0d8e-4a9c-ae6a-68906e93a079
VIAF: 7123362
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sara_Ramirez&oldid=865629646"
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Cash Money Records
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Rich Gang" redirects here. For the album, see Rich Gang (album).
Cash Money Records
Parent company
Universal Music Group
Founded
1991; 27 years ago (1991)
Founder
Ronald "Slim" Williams
Bryan "Birdman" Williams
Status
Active
Distributor(s)
Republic Records
(In the US)
Universal Music Group
(Worldwide)
Genre
Various
Country of origin
United States
Location
New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.
Miami, Florida, U.S.[1]
Official website
www.cashmoney-records.com
Cash Money Records (formerly styled as Ca$h Money Records) is an American record label founded by two brothers, Bryan "Birdman" Williams and Ronald "Slim" Williams. The label is distributed by Republic Records, which used to be Universal Republic. The label itself has been home to a roster of prominent hip hop artists that include Drake, Lil Wayne and Nicki Minaj, which has led Cash Money to being described as one of the most iconic and successful record labels in hip-hop history.[2] Cash Money is estimated to be worth $300 million USD.[3]
Artists signed to Cash Money Records (Lil Wayne, Drake and Nicki Minaj) have achieved a combined 12 number one albums on the Billboard 200 chart and 3 number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart (Lil Wayne's "Lollipop", Jay Sean's "Down" and Drake's "One Dance").
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 1991–99: Beginnings and deal with Universal Records
1.2 2000–12: Continued success and various signings
1.3 2013–present: Rich Gang and dissension
2 Current artists
3 In-house producers
4 Legal issues
5 Discography
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
1991–99: Beginnings and deal with Universal Records[edit]
Cash Money Records was founded in 1991. Bryan Williams told some of his close friends the motivation for starting the label:
"I was hoping it would get us out of the projects and into a positive way of life. And we wanted to help other people get out of this poverty"[4]
Bryan "Birdman" Williams (pictured) founded Cash Money Records in 1991 with his brother Ronald "Slim" Williams.
Along the way he met a lot of influential people on the road with the Hot Boys. Wendy Day negotiated the deal between Cash Money and Universal Músic Group's Universal Records (now Republic Records), which became an 80%-20% distribution deal. Later, UMG acquired a portion of Cash Money Records, making it a UMG subsidiary.
For its first few years (1991–1994), Cash Money played host to a number of local releases by artists, selling only one album, without ever releasing a music video or having a Billboard hit. Some of the label's releases garnered some regional success in New Orleans, Louisiana, but the label was little known to the national rap scene. Artists on the label during this period included the group U.N.L.V. (Uptown Niggas Living Violently), Kilo G, Lil Slim, Pimp Daddy, and PxMxWx. In 1995, the label signed young rappers B.G., Turk and Lil Wayne. The signees marked what would be the second wave of Cash Money artists. Cash Money Records’ opening salvo was the release of Kilo G’s ‘The Sleepwalker.’ Rapper Kilo G was just 15 years old when his Cash Money debut arrived in 1992, and his album was sold out of the trunk of the Williams brothers’ car.[5]
In 1997, B.G. and Lil Wayne formed the group the Hot Boys together with Juvenile (who had already been regionally successful before Cash Money). Although they made little impact outside of the region in the beginning, they became the label's most well-known artists early on.
Cash Money's big break came in 1998 when the Hot Boys, B.G. and Juvenile in particular, caught the attention of Universal Records executives. In 1998, Cash Money signed a $30 million pressing and distribution with $3 million advance contract with Universal, entitling the label to 85% of its royalties, 50% of its publishing revenues and ownership of all masters. Dino Delvaille, who orchestrated the deal, later told HitQuarters: "I made certain they retained 100% ownership of their work. They deserve it."[6]
Lil Wayne started as a member of the Hot Boys and became the label's best-selling artist.
After the deal Cash Money records achieved a new level of success. The release of Juvenile's 1998 album 400 Degreez, which was certified 4X Platinum by the RIAA, solidified Cash Money as a powerful label in the national hip-hop scene. Later albums in 1999 such as the Hot Boys' Guerrilla Warfare, B.G.'s Chopper City in the Ghetto, and Lil Wayne's Tha Block Is Hot also saw great chart success and furthered the label's reputation. These albums contained major Billboard hits such as Juvenile's "Back That Azz Up" (#19 on the Billboard Hot 100), B.G.'s "Bling Bling" (#36), and the Hot Boys' "I Need a Hot Girl" (#65). All of Cash Money's albums and singles in this period were solely produced by the label's in-house producer, Mannie Fresh. Their A&R at Universal, Dino Delvaille, said:
"When they first came into the business, they were very reluctant to make records with other people. They probably felt that people would steal their style or flavor, and I had to work hard to get them to open up to making records with Cam’ron, Puffy, and Clipse, among others."[6]
2000–12: Continued success and various signings[edit]
This label's success continued into the 2000s. Between 2001 and 2003, the label sold 7 million albums. The song "Still Fly" by the Big Tymers was nominated for two Grammy Awards. However, B.G. and Juvenile left the label in 2002, claiming financial mismanagement.[7] In April 2003, Juvenile returned to the label for a reported $4 million deal, and in return, he signed over the rights to Juve The Great, an album which sold over a million copies and contained the Billboard Hot 100 No. 1 hit "Slow Motion". In 2007, former Hot Boys member Lil Wayne was named president of Cash Money Records and CEO of Young Money Entertainment. Later that year, Lil Wayne stepped down as president to focus on his career, especially Tha Carter III.[8] In 2008, Lil Wayne re-signed with Cash Money, ensuring that his next few albums will be produced by the label.[9]
Drake signed to the label in 2009 and has released Thank Me Later, Take Care, Nothing Was the Same, Views and More Life.
In September 2008, Cash Money released rocker Kevin Rudolf's smash-hit debut single "Let It Rock" featuring label-mate Lil Wayne. On October 15, 2008 at the MOBO Awards, British R&B singer Jay Sean announced that he had signed with Cash Money Records.[10][11] In February 2009, the Williams brothers were featured in CNBC's Newbos: The Rise of America's New Black Overclass, a documentary show profiling several black multi-millionaires.[12] In early 2009 former Roc-A-Fella Records artist Freeway signed with the label.[13] On August 16, 2009, Bow Wow announced that he signed with Cash Money Records.[14]
In 2009, they took part in a major label bidding war for Queens native rapper Nicki Minaj. Eventually, they won the bidding war and Nicki Minaj was signed to them exclusively for Young Money. Cash Money Records popularity grew after signing Minaj and Canadian rapper Drake. On August 5, 2010, production group Cool & Dre signed with Cash Money Records. The production group announced the news via Twitter. They are the first in house producer Cash Money has had since Mannie Fresh.[15][16]
On August 19, 2010, Birdman signed DJ Khaled to the label also signing his label We the Best Music Group as a subsidiary of Cash Money.[17] On February 24, 2012, Cash Money Records signed the nu metal band Limp Bizkit.[18] Wayne said the same day they were close to signing Ashanti.[19]
In 2011, Cash Money Records signed a co-publishing venture with the Atria Publishing Group called Cash Money Content.[20]
2013–present: Rich Gang and dissension[edit]
Nicki Minaj and Tyga signed to the label in the late 2000s and have both released highly commercially successful singles.
In February 2013, Birdman released a compilation mixtape with Cash Money and Young Money, entitled Rich Gang: All Stars. Shortly afterwards, he announced a compilation album entitled Rich Gang: Flashy Lifestyle that was due to be released on May 21, 2013—it featured members of Cash Money, Young Money, and various collaborators.[21] The first single from the project, "Tapout" was released on March 19, 2013, and features Lil Wayne, Future, Mack Maine, and Nicki Minaj, with production by 808 Mafia's Southside and TM88.[22] "Fly Rich" featuring Stevie J, Future, Tyga, Meek Mill and Mystikal was also released as a promotional single.[23]
The album's release date was then pushed back to July 23, 2013,[24] while the title was also shortened to just Rich Gang. The album garnered a mixed critical reception and debuted at number 7 on the Billboard 200. On October 12, 2013, Birdman announced that he had signed West Coast gangsta rapper The Game, to Cash Money, in addition to several unnamed New York rappers.[25] On December 11, 2013 The Game would then later clarify that he was not officially signed to Cash Money Records.[26][27]
On December 4, 2014, just five days before Tha Carter V was due to be released, Wayne issued a statement saying the album would not be released on its expected release date due to his displeasure with Birdman refusing to release the album, although it had been completed. Wayne also expressed his feelings by stating he felt he and his creative partner were being held "prisoner". Lil Wayne filed a lawsuit.[28][29] On January 20, 2015, Wayne self-released Sorry 4 the Wait 2, a sequel to his 2011 mixtape, to compensate for the continued delay of Tha Carter V.[30][31] Upon Sorry for the Wait 2's release, it was noted that Wayne disses Birdman and Cash Money Records several times throughout.[32][33][34] Birdman was reported to be upset with this.[35] In late January 2015, Lil Wayne filed a $51 million lawsuit against Birdman and Cash Money over the delay of Tha Carter V.[36]
In January 2015, Wayne stated that when he leaves Cash Money, he is taking Drake and Nicki Minaj with him.[37] On June 22, TMZ reported new details on the lawsuit. According to documents filed by Lil Wayne, Birdman and Cash Money have mismanaged Young Money, including Drake and Minaj. The documents allege that Birdman and Cash Money haven't paid people. Mainly the Mother, creative talent and mastermind behind the Like Father Like Son Era, Shiloh The Mystery, patiently waited for inclusion. Nothing happened and lawsuits ensued. Free C5 became the mantra to get money to the unpaid artist.[38][39][40] In June 2015, Wayne joined Jay-Z's Tidal as an artist owner and exclusively released a single on the service titled "Glory."[41] On July 4, 2015, Wayne released Free Weezy Album exclusively through Tidal under Young Money and Republic Records.[42] On July 15, prosecutors allege Birdman and Young Thug conspired to murder Lil Wayne and were involved in the April 26 shooting.[43] On July 16, Birdman filed a $50 million lawsuit against Jay Z's Tidal streaming service over Lil Wayne's Free Weezy Album. The lawsuit claims that Cash Money Records exclusively owns the rights to Lil Wayne's music, although he is now independent and the label no longer owns these rights.[44]
On April 12, 2017, Birdman took to Instagram to announce he had accepted a plaque in honor of Cash Money Records selling one billion units. [45]
Current artists[edit]
See also: List of former Cash Money Records artists
Act
Year signed (as of 2017)
# Albums released under Cash Money
Birdman 1991 6
Slim tha Don 1991 1
Lil Wayne 1991 10
Gudda Gudda 2005 1
T-Streets 2005 –
Mack Maine 2005 –
Lil Twist 2007 1
Shanell 2008 1
Drake 2009 5
Nicki Minaj 2009 3
Cory Gunz 2010 –
Paris Hilton 2010 1
Stafford Brothers 2012 –
Jacquees 2013 2
Euro 2013 1
Karine Hannah 2013 1
Caskey 2013 –
Rich Homie Quan 2014 2
Young Thug 2014 2
Juvenile 2014 (resigned) 5
Turk 2015 (resigned) 1
AR-Ab 2015 –
Compton Menace 2015 –
Neno Calvin 2015 –
J-Soul 2015 –
Derez De'shon Lenard 2015 –
Sy Ari da Kid 2016 –
Money Man 2017 –
Robb Banks 2017 –
In-house producers[edit]
From its founding until 2005, Mannie Fresh was the well-known production head of all Cash Money releases, as the label's resident producer. The label would be without a proper in-house producer until August 2010, when production duo Cool & Dre signed to the label.[46] Since then, the label has grown its production division by signing more producers.
The Avengerz[47]
Bangladesh
The Beat Bully[48]
Birdman
Cool & Dre[46]
Detail
DJ Nasty & LVM[49]
DJ Swamp Izzo
Dub Tha Prodigy
Illa Jones
London on da Track
Natra Average
Mr. Beatz[50]
TEAUXNY
The Olympicks[51][52]
RedOne
The Renegades[53]
Sap[54]
Yung Berg
JAE L.A.[55]
Legal issues[edit]
In October 2009, Cash Money Records, Birdman, Lil Wayne and various music distribution outlets were sued for copyright infringement by Thomas Marasciullo, who claims his voice was used without permission. The rappers asked him to record some "Italian-styled spoken word recordings" in 2006. The lyrics were allegedly used on "Respect" and other tracks from the rappers' collaboration album Like Father, Like Son and Birdman's 5 * Stunna.[56]
In 2011, Cash Money Records, Lil Wayne, Universal Music Group, and Young Money Entertainment were sued for US$15 million by Done Deal Enterprises, who claim Lil Wayne's song "BedRock" was stolen from Done Deal.[57]
Discography[edit]
Main article: Cash Money Records discography
Compilation albums
Rich Gang (with Young Money Entertainment) (2013)
See also[edit]
List of former Cash Money Records artists
Young Money Entertainment
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ben Westhoff (January 14, 2010). "Cash Money Records, now based in Miami, again dominates the charts like it's 1999 – Page 1 – Music – Miami". Miami New Times. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Jump up ^ "Cash Money Sued Over Missing Drake Profits: Report". Billboard. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
Jump up ^ "Ca$h Money Net Worth". Retrieved August 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Jan Blumentrath (6 February 2012). "Interview with BRYAN "BIRDMAN" WILLIAMS, co-owner of Cash Money Records - Feb 6, 2012". HitQuarters. HitQuarters. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
Jump up ^ "Cash Money Records: The Birth of a Dynasty (Part 1)". Theboombox.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Interview With Dino Delvaille". HitQuarters. March 1, 2004. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
Jump up ^ Reid, Shaheen. Juvenile Tears Into Cash Money, Lil Wayne — And FEMA, MTV News. Published March 9, 2006. Retrieved January 6, 2009.
Jump up ^ Checkoway, Laura. Weezy F. Baby: Uncut Archived June 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Vibe. Published October 2, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
Jump up ^ Hobbs, Linda. Lil Wayne Re-Signs With Cash Money Records Archived April 25, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., Vibe. Published September 16, 2008. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Miah, Shuhel. Jay Sean to take on the U.S., insidedesi.com. Published October 16, 2008. Retrieved January 3, 2009.
Jump up ^ Beyond Bhangra, The Independent. Published February 27, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ Hinckley, David. 'Black overclass' rich in opinion Money talks – via affluent athletes and music-biz bigs, The New York Daily News. Published February 25, 2009. Retrieved March 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Weezy Pushed Again, Freeway Signs To Cash Money | Lil Wayne". Rap Basement. June 3, 2009. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
Jump up ^ "Bow Wow Joins Cash Money". MTV. New York.
Jump up ^ Production group Cool & Dre signed with Cash Money Records, Zillasays. Published August 2010. Retrieved August 5, 2010.
Jump up ^ Harling, Danielle (August 5, 2010). "Producers Cool & Dre To Join Cash Money | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Jump up ^ "DJ Khaled Joins Cash Money Records". Rap Radar. August 19, 2010. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
Jump up ^ "Birdman, Slim and Fred Durst Discuss Limp Bizkit Deal". AllHipHop.com. 2012-02-27. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
Jump up ^ "13. Fred Durst Signs to YMCMB — The 25 Biggest Hip-Hop Fails of 2012". Complex. 2012-12-23. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
Jump up ^ "Partnership Models and the African-American Book Market". PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved 2017-01-08.
Jump up ^ Harling, Danielle (2013-03-12). "Tyga "Hotel California" Tracklist & Cover Art | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
Jump up ^ "Listen: Birdman f/ Lil Wayne, Future, Mack Maine, and Nicki Minaj "Tapout"". Complex. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
Jump up ^ "iTunes - Music - Fly Rich (feat. Stevie J, Future, Tyga, Meek Mill & Mystikal) - Single by Rich Gang". Itunes.apple.com. 2013-03-05. Retrieved 2013-06-25.
Jump up ^ Paine, Jake. "YMCMB & Friends "Rich Gang" Release Date & Cover Art". HipHop DX. Retrieved 2013-06-10.
Jump up ^ C. Vernon Coleman (2013-10-13). "UPDATE: Game Confirms Signing To Cash Money Records - XXL". Xxlmag.com. Retrieved 2014-08-20.
Jump up ^ "The Game Still Technically Isn't Signed To Cash Money". Vibe. 2013-12-10. Retrieved 2014-08-20.
Jump up ^ Muhammad, Latifah. "Game Clears Up Cash Money Deal | News". BET. Retrieved 2014-08-20.
Jump up ^ Grow, Kory (December 4, 2014). "Lil Wayne Blasts Cash Money: 'I Want Off This Label'". Rolling Stone. United States: rollingstone.com. Wenner Media LLC. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Ramirez, Erika (December 4, 2014). "Lil Wayne: Birdman & Cash Money Records 'Refuse to Release' 'Tha Carter V'". Billboard. United States: billboard.com. Prometheus Media Group. Retrieved December 4, 2014.
Jump up ^ Minsker, Evan. "Lil Wayne Drops Sorry 4 the Wait 2". Pitchfork. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Regan, Helen. "Lil Wayne Just Dropped His New Mixtape Sorry 4 the Wait 2". Time. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Lil Wayne Disses Cash Money On "Sorry 4 The Wait 2"". HipHopDX. 21 January 2015.
Jump up ^ Rose Lilah (26 January 2015). "Shots Fired: All The Disses Aimed At Birdman & Cash Money On Lil Wayne's "Sorry 4 The Wait 2"". HotNewHipHop.
Jump up ^ Chris Rogers. "Lil Wayne's Mixtape: He Disses Birdman & Cash Money Records On 'Sorry 4 The Wait 2′ - Hollywood Life". Hollywood Life.
Jump up ^ "Report: Birdman Upset With Lil Wayne Over Cash Money Diss Song". BET.com. 23 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Lil Wayne Sues Birdman and Cash Money for $51 Million, Freedom From Label". Pitchfork.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lil Wayne -- When I Leave Cash Money ... I'm Taking Drake & Nicki Minaj With Me". Tmz.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lil Wayne Claims That Drake & Nicki Minaj Might Leave Young Money Because Of Birdman". Hotnewhiphop.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lil Wayne Says Drake and Nicki Minaj May Leave Cash Money". Stack.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lil Wayne: Drake & Nicki Minaj To Leave Cash Money Records". Hiphopdx.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lil Wayne Says He Signed A Deal With Jay Z". Hotnewhiphop.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Lil Wayne Drops 'Free Weezy Album' on Tidal". Rolling Stone.
Jump up ^ "Prosecutors allege Birdman and Young Thug conspired to murder Lil Wayne". Consequence of Sound. July 16, 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Birdman Is Now Suing TIDAL Over "Free Weezy Album"". Hotnewhiphop.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Birdman Gets Plaque In Honor Of Cash Money Selling A Billion Units". Hotnewhiphop.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Harling, Danielle (2010-08-05). "Producers Cool & Dre To Join Cash Money | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / TheAvengerz: Bow! The Avengerz have officially". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
Jump up ^ "YMCMB Signed Chester, Pa's Producer, The Beat Bully". HipHopSince1987. July 12, 2012. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
Jump up ^ "Cash Money Signs Orlando Rapper Caskey - XXL". Xxlmag.com. 2012-09-19. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
Jump up ^ "Mystikal in Talks to Sign With Cash Money Since 2004, Says Birdman - XXL". Xxlmag.com. 2011-12-15. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
Jump up ^ "The Olympicks Sign to Cash Money/Young Money". Hotnewhiphop.com. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
Jump up ^ Nolan Strong (2012-08-27). "Young Money/Cash Money Signs Production Crew The Olympicks". AllHipHop.com. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
Jump up ^ "DJ Khaled & The Renegades define "We The Best"". Fearfactormarketing.com. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved August 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ Steve Raze (@SteveRaze) (2012-02-14). "Sap: From the Back of the Boards to the Center Stage". AllHipHop.com. Retrieved 2014-08-20.
Jump up ^ "Twitter / JAELAMUSIC: Compton Menace sign Producer Jae L.A. to MHG, Cash Money Records". Twitter.com. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
Jump up ^ "Rapper Wayne sued over copyright". BBC. October 31, 2009. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Lil Wayne Accused of Stealing 'BedRock'". Rolling Stone. August 4, 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2011.
External links[edit]
Official site
[show]
v
t
e
Cash Money Records
Discography
Founders
Bryan "Birdman" Williams
Ronald "Slim" Williams
Compilations
Rich Gang
Singles
"Tapout"
"Lifestyle"
Subsidiaries
Young Money Entertainment
We the Best Music Group
[show]
v
t
e
Young Money Entertainment
Founder
Lil Wayne
Compilations
We Are Young Money
Rich Gang (with Rich Gang)
Young Money: Rise of an Empire
Singles
"Every Girl"
"BedRock"
"Roger That"
"Tapout"
"We Alright"
"Trophies"
"Lookin Ass"
Related articles
Cash Money Records
Republic Records
Sqad Up
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 130412240
LCCN: no2002001254
ISNI: 0000 0001 2157 3586
BNF: cb14277779d (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cash_Money_Records&oldid=828018314"
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1991 establishments in the United States
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