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Territorial evolution of North America since 1763
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Territorial evolution of North America of non-native nation states from 1750 to 2008
The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the major war known by Americans as the French and Indian War and by Canadians as the Seven Years' War / Guerre de Sept Ans, or by French-Canadians, La Guerre de la Conquête. It was signed by Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. Preferring to keep Guadeloupe, France gave up Canada and all of its claims to territory east of the Mississippi River to Britain. With France out of North America this dramatically changed the European political scene on the continent.
At first only the imperial powers of Europe had the resources to support and expand settlements in North America. As time went on the colonies became more powerful and sought independence from the Old World. These demands for more autonomy sparked several wars, including the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and the Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821). The last major colonial power on the continent, the United Kingdom, granted dominion status to Canada in 1867 and slowly turned over its remaining land to that country over the next 100 years, with the last land transfer being the Dominion of Newfoundland in 1949. Throughout this period, France maintained the small North American territory of Saint Pierre and Miquelon off the coast of the island of Newfoundland.[1]
From independence, the United States expanded rapidly to the west, acquiring the massive Louisiana territory in 1803 and fighting a war with Mexico to push west to the Pacific. At the same time, British settlement in Canada increased. US expansion was complicated by the division between "free" and "slave" states, which led to the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Likewise, Canada faced tensions between settlers, including French and English communities, and the colonial administration that led to the outbreak of civil strife in 1837. Mexico faced constant political tensions between liberals and conservatives, as well as the rebellion of the English-speaking region of Texas, which declared itself the Republic of Texas in 1836. In 1845 Texas joined the United States and in 1867 the United States acquired Alaska from Russia. The last major territorial change occurred when Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949,[2] but there have been a number of small adjustments like the Boundary Treaty of 1970 where the city of Rio Rico, Texas, was ceded to Mexico.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 See also
2 Notes
3 Before 1763
4 1763
5 1774
6 1775
7 1778
8 1779
9 1783
10 1784
11 October 28, 1790
12 1791
13 1792
14 1793
15 1796
16 1799
17 1800
18 January 1, 1801
19 1802
20 1803
21 1805
22 March 1, 1809
23 1810
24 1812
25 December 11, 1816
26 1817
27 1818
28 1819
29 1820
30 1821
31 1824
32 February 28, 1825
33 1828
34 September 30, 1830
35 1835
36 1836
37 January 26, 1837
38 July 4, 1838
39 January 17, 1840
40 1841
41 1842
42 1845
43 1846
44 1848
45 1849
46 1850
47 1853
48 May 30, 1854
49 February 12, 1857
50 1858
51 1859
52 1861
53 July 14, 1862
54 1863
55 1864
56 1865
57 1866
58 1867
59 1868
60 1869
61 July 15, 1870
62 July 20, 1871
63 October 21, 1872
64 July 1, 1873
65 July 26, 1874
66 1876
67 February 8, 1879
68 1880
69 July 1, 1881
70 March 28, 1882
71 1884
72 May 7, 1886
73 1889
74 1890
75 November 24, 1894
76 October 2, 1895
77 1896
78 1897
79 June 13, 1898
80 May 23, 1901
81 November 24, 1902
82 1903
83 September 1, 1905
84 1906
85 1907
86 1912
87 February 5, 1917
88 March 28, 1921
89 March 11, 1927
90 1928
91 November 11, 1930
92 February 7, 1931
93 1934
94 1948
95 March 31, 1949
96 November 21, 1952
97 1959
98 1970
99 October 8, 1974
100 April 1, 1999
101 Annotations
102 Bibliography
102.1 Citations
102.2 References
See also[edit]
Territorial evolution of the United States
Territorial evolution of Canada
Territorial evolution of Mexico
Animated map of North America
Animated map of the Canada provinces evolution version 1
Animated map of the Canada provinces evolution version 2
Animated map of US states by date of statehood
Animated map of Mexico
Notes[edit]
France is still listed as a nation in North America throughout its history because of their possession of the small islands Saint Pierre and Miquelon off the Canadian coast of Newfoundland (the island).[1]
Republic of Indian Stream (1832–1835) is represented on the map as the disputed territory between Maine and New Hampshire of the U.S. and Quebec and New Brunswick of Canada.
Republic of Madawaska (1827–1842) is represented on the map as the disputed territory between Maine (U.S.) and Canada; the area was known as Madawaska Valley. It was then transferred to Quebec in 1842, then transferred to New Brunswick at some point in the 1850s (see Mitchell maps of Canada-East of 1850 & 1860).
Territories of a nation are represented by a lighter color than that for that nation's states or provinces.
Before 1763[edit]
See Territorial evolution of North America prior to 1763
1763[edit]
February 10, 1763
The 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. It was signed by Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. Preferring to keep Guadeloupe, France gave up Canada and all of its claims to territory east of the Mississippi River to Britain.[4]
his Most Christian Majesty cedes and guaranties to his said Britannick Majesty, in full right, Canada, with all its dependencies, as well as the island of Cape Breton, and all the other islands and coasts in the gulph and river of St. Lawrence, and in general, every thing that depends on the said countries, lands, islands, and coasts, with the sovereignty, property, possession, and all rights acquired by treaty, or otherwise, which the Most Christian King and the Crown of France have had until now over the said countries, lands, islands, places, coasts, and their inhabitants" – French King[4]
Spain ceded Florida to the British, but later received New Orleans and French Louisiana from them.[4]
October 7, 1763
By the Royal Proclamation of 1763, King George III of Great Britain created the Province of Quebec in the St. Lawrence valley, the part of the former French province of Canada that was settled by people of French descent. The Great Lakes basin was barred to European settlement, reserved as exclusive “hunting grounds” for the “several nations or tribes of Indians” under the king's “protection.”[5]
1774[edit]
By the Quebec Act, the territory of the Province of Quebec was expanded to take over part of the Indian Reserve, including much of what is now southern Ontario, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin, and parts of Minnesota.[6]
1775[edit]
To ensure their claim on the Pacific coast the Spanish sent Bruno de Hezeta and Francisco Mourelle in the Santiago and Sonora sailed to what is now Vancouver Island and then south along the coast before continuing north as far as modern day Alaska.[7]
1778[edit]
In 1778 Saint Pierre and Miquelon were attacked by a force led by Newfoundland's Governor John Montagu and then population deported by the British as retaliation for French support of the American Revolutionary War. The residents were sent to France and their homes were destroyed.[8]
1779[edit]
In another attempt to assert Spanish authority over the Pacific coast the Spanish sent Ignatio de Arteaga in La Princesa to what is now Prince of Wales Island and as far north and west as Unalaska.[7]
1783[edit]
January 20, 1783
Great Britain surrendered East Florida and West Florida to Spain; British inhabitants had 18 months from the date of ratification to leave.[9]
September 3, 1783
The 1783 Treaty of Paris formally ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States of America, which had rebelled against British rule. The other combatant nations, France, Spain and the Dutch Republic, had separate agreements, known as the Peace of Paris (1783). The Kingdom of Great Britain recognized the territory south of what is now Canada, east of the Mississippi and north of Florida as American property.[4] Vermont remained independent until 1791.[10] France regained Saint Pierre and Miquelon in 1783 after the Peace of Paris and some residents returned to the islands.[8]
1784[edit]
In 1784, Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov, who later set up the Russian-Alaska Company that colonized early Alaska, arrived in Three Saints Bay on Kodiak Island with two ships, the Three Saints and the St. Simon.[11] The indigenous Koniag harassed the Russian party and Shelikhov responded by killing hundreds and taking hostages to enforce the obedience of the rest. Having established his authority on Kodiak Island, Shelikhov founded the second permanent Russian settlement in Alaska (after Unalaska) on the island's Three Saints Bay.
August 23, 1784
Delegates from the North Carolina counties of Washington, Sullivan, Spencer (now Hawkins) and Greene — all in present-day Tennessee — convened in the town of Jonesborough and declared the lands the State of Frankland, independent of North Carolina. A constitution modeled on that of North Carolina was adopted with few changes, and the state name was changed to "Franklin". By 1790, the state government had collapsed entirely and the territory was again firmly under the control of North Carolina.[12]
October 28, 1790[edit]
In 1789 in attempt to assert its sovereignty over the Pacific coast the Spanish seized British ships in Nootka Sound on Vancouver Island. This action sparked an international incident that resulted in the Nootka Convention which was signed on October 28, 1790. The conventions stated that the English had the right to found settlements anywhere on the Pacific claimed by Spain but never settled by Spain. As a result claims of sovereignty on the Pacific were determined by settlement or feet on the ground as opposed to claims based on prior discovery.[13]
1791[edit]
March 4, 1791
The Vermont Republic, which included land claimed by New York and New Hampshire and, while unrecognized by the United States, was a de facto independent country, was admitted to the US as the 14th state, Vermont.[10]
December 26, 1791
The Province of Quebec was divided into two parts, Lower Canada and Upper Canada. The Province of Upper Canada (French: province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario in Canada. Upper Canada officially existed from 26 December 1791 to 10 February 1841. Its name reflected its position higher up the river or closer to the headwaters of the St. Lawrence River than that of Lower Canada, present-day southern Quebec. The division was effected so that Loyalist American settlers and British immigrants in Upper Canada could have English laws and institutions, and the French-speaking population of Lower Canada could maintain French civil law and the Catholic religion.[14]
1792[edit]
March 3, 1792
The US federal government sold the Erie Triangle to Pennsylvania.[15]
June 1, 1792
The western counties of Virginia beyond the Appalachian Mountains were split off and admitted to the US as the 15th state, Kentucky.
1793[edit]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon saw action during the French Revolution when France had declared war on the United Kingdom as part of the War of the First Coalition. This led to a British attack on the islands under Captain William Affleck of Halifax who captured the islands in May 1793.[16]
1796[edit]
June 1, 1796
The Southwest Territory was admitted to the US as the 16th state, Tennessee.
August 2, 1796
Pinckney's Treaty, also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo, settled the northern border of West Florida as the 31st parallel.[17]
1799[edit]
Sitka was originally settled by the native Tlingit people. Old Sitka was founded in 1799 by Alexandr Baranov, the governor of Russian America. Baranov arrived under the auspices of the Russian-American Company, a "semi-official" colonial trading company chartered by Tsar Paul I.[18]
1800[edit]
July 4, 1800
Indiana Territory was formed from the western portion of Northwest Territory.[19] It corresponded to present-day Illinois, Indiana, northeastern Minnesota, and Wisconsin, as well as the western half of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan and all but the eastern tip of the Upper Peninsula. Northwest Territory was left with only most of Ohio and the rest of Michigan.
October 1, 1800
In the secretly negotiated Third Treaty of San Ildefonso (formally titled the Preliminary and Secret Treaty between the French Republic and His Catholic Majesty the King of Spain, Concerning the Aggrandizement of His Royal Highness the Infant Duke of Parma in Italy and the Retrocession of Louisiana), Spain returned the colonial territory of Louisiana to France.[20]
January 1, 1801[edit]
The Kingdom of Great Britain or Great Britain changed its name to United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland or United Kingdom on January 1, 1801 due to the Act of Union 1800.[A 1]
1802[edit]
Amiens Treaty of 1802 specified that Saint Pierre and Miquelon would again be returned to France. Although it took until 1816 for the British to honor the Treaty and allow the French to return.[21]
1803[edit]
March 1, 1803
The southeastern portion of Northwest Territory was admitted to the US as the 17th state, Ohio. The remainder of Northwest Territory was transferred to Indiana Territory.[19]
April 30, 1803
The Louisiana Purchase was made, expanding the United States west of the Mississippi River. There was a dispute with West Florida over how much land east of the Mississippi River it included.[22] The purchase extended slightly north of the modern borders, as it was defined only as the watershed of the Mississippi River.[23] The purchase consisted of the whole of present-day Arkansas, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, and Oklahoma, and portions of Colorado, Louisiana, Minnesota, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Texas and Wyoming. It also included the southernmost portions of the present-day Canadian provinces of Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The cost was 60 million francs ($11,250,000) plus cancellation of debts worth 18 million francs ($3,750,000). Including interest, the U.S. finally paid $23,213,568 (US$371,262,331 in 2017) for the Louisiana territory.
September 1803
The North West Company organized an overland expedition from Montreal to James Bay and a second expedition by sea. In September 1803, the overland party met the company's ship at Charlton Island in what is now Nunavut. There, they lay claim to the territory that drained into the Arctic in the name of the North West Company.[24]
1805[edit]
January 11, 1805
Michigan Territory was split from Indiana Territory, including the whole of the lower peninsula of present-day Michigan but only that eastern tip of the upper peninsula which was held by the Northwest Territory after Indiana Territory had been split from it.[19]
July 4, 1805
The District of Louisiana was organized as Louisiana Territory.[25]
March 1, 1809[edit]
Illinois Territory was split from Indiana Territory. Illinois Territory included present-day Illinois, northeastern Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Indiana Territory included the present-day borders of Indiana, with its western and eastern borders continuing northward; thus, it also included the central portion of the upper peninsula of Michigan, as well as Door Peninsula of present-day Wisconsin.[19]
1810[edit]
September 23, 1810
The short-lived Republic of West Florida declared its independence from Spain.[26][A 2]
October 27, 1810
US President James Madison proclaimed the annexation of the Baton Rouge and Mobile Districts of West Florida, declaring them part of the Louisiana Purchase. The US Army occupied the capital, St. Francisville, on December 6 and Baton Rouge on December 10, bringing an end to the Republic of West Florida after 90 days.[26]
1812[edit]
April 30. Most of the Territory of Orleans was admitted to the US as the 18th state, Louisiana. The rest of the territory (the northwestern tip) was ceded to Louisiana Territory.
Russian Colony Fort Ross was created.[27]
December 11, 1816[edit]
The southern portion of Indiana Territory was admitted as the 19th state, Indiana. The remainder became unorganized.[19]
1817[edit]
March 3, 1817
Alabama Territory was split from Mississippi Territory; both correspond to their present-day counterparts.[28]
December 10, 1817
Mississippi Territory was admitted to the US as the 20th state, Mississippi.
1818[edit]
October 20, 1818
The Treaty of 1818 established the 49th parallel north west of the Lake of the Woods as the border with British-held lands, and Oregon Country was established as a shared land between the United States and United Kingdom.[29] Oregon Country consisted of most of present-day Idaho and Oregon, all of Washington, and a portion of Montana, as well as the southern part of the unorganized British territory which became British Columbia. The treaty transferred the Red River Basin to the United States, consisting of northwestern Minnesota, northeastern North Dakota, and the northeastern tip of South Dakota.
December 3, 1818
The southern portion of Illinois Territory was admitted as the 21st state, Illinois. The remainder was reassigned to Michigan Territory. The unorganized lands which had been a part of Indiana Territory prior to the admission of Indiana as a state were also assigned to Michigan Territory.[19]
1819[edit]
February 22, 1819
The Adams-Onís Treaty or Transcontinental Treaty was signed in Washington, establishing a defined border between the United States and New Spain. The treaty ceded Spain's claims to Oregon Country to the United States and American claims to Texas to Spain; moved portions of present-day Colorado, Oklahoma, and Wyoming, and all of New Mexico and Texas, to New Spain; and all of Spanish Florida as well as a small portion of modern day Colorado to the United States.[30] The new borders intruded on Arkansaw Territory's Miller County, created on April 1, 1820, which dipped below the Red River and into land ceded to Spain. However, the remoteness of the region caused no serious conflict with Spain.[31]
March 2, 1819
The southern part of Missouri Territory was organized as Arkansaw Territory, consisting of present-day Arkansas as well as part of Oklahoma.[32] It was not officially spelled Arkansas until later.
December 14, 1819
Alabama Territory was admitted to the US as the 22nd state, Alabama.
1820[edit]
March 16, 1820
The Maine District of Massachusetts was split off and admitted to the US as the 23rd state, Maine, as part of the Missouri Compromise.
1821[edit]
July 1821
In 1821, the North West Company of Montreal and the Hudson's Bay Company merged, with a combined territory that was further extended by a license to the watershed of the Arctic Ocean on the north and the Pacific Ocean on the west.[33]
August 10, 1821
The southeastern corner of Missouri Territory was admitted to the US as the 24th state, Missouri. The remainder became unorganized. Missouri did not include its northwestern triangle at this point, that being added later in the Platte Purchase.[34]
1824[edit]
October 4, 1824
The 1824 Constitution of Mexico was enacted, creating the United Mexican States and replacing the Mexican Empire, which had collapsed on March 19, 1823. The constitution organized the country into 19 states and four territories. In the aftermath of the end of the empire, Central American regions mostly voted not to stay a part of Mexico, with Chiapas, formerly part of Guatemala, being the only area that favored remaining in Mexico. However, rebels in one part of Chiapas, Soconusco, proclaimed its separation from Mexico on July 24, 1824, and it was formally annexed by the Federal Republic of Central America on August 18, 1824.[35]
November 15, 1824
Arkansas Territory was shrunk, the western portion becoming unorganized.[36]
February 28, 1825[edit]
The Treaty of Saint Petersburg of 1825, also known as the Anglo-Russian Convention of 1825, defined the boundaries between Russian America and British claims and possessions in the Pacific Northwest of North America at 54 degrees 40 minutes north latitude.[37]
1828[edit]
May 6, 1828
Arkansas Territory was shrunk further, attaining the present-day borders of Arkansas, with the remainder again becoming unorganized, excepting the land it still claimed as Miller County.[36]
September 30, 1830[edit]
The state of Sonora y Sinaloa was split into two states, Sinaloa and Sonora.[35]
1835[edit]
May 23, 1835
The territory of Aguascalientes was split from the state of Zacatecas.[35]
June 30, 1834
A large portion of unorganized land was added to Michigan Territory, corresponding to present-day Iowa, western Minnesota, and eastern North Dakota and South Dakota.[19]
1836[edit]
June 15, 1836
Arkansas Territory was admitted to the US as the 25th state, Arkansas. It continued to claim Miller County, with increasing irrelevance.[31]
March 2, 1836
Due to disapproval of the government of Antonio López de Santa Anna, the Tejas region of the state of Coahuila y Tejas declared independence. The remainder was renamed simply Coahuila. The Treaties of Velasco signified the end of the Texas Revolution on May 14, 1836, creating the Republic of Texas.[35]
July 4, 1836
Wisconsin Territory was split off from Michigan Territory, consisting of present-day Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and eastern North and South Dakota. As an inducement to give up its claim over the Toledo Strip to Ohio, the whole of the present-day upper peninsula was assigned to Michigan Territory, giving it the present-day borders of Michigan.[19]
January 26, 1837[edit]
Michigan Territory was admitted to the US as the 26th state, Michigan.[19]
March 28, 1837
The Platte Purchase added a small area of land to Missouri, giving it its present-day boundaries.[38]
July 4, 1838[edit]
Iowa Territory was split off from Wisconsin Territory, consisting of present-day Iowa, western Minnesota, and eastern North Dakota and South Dakota, leaving Wisconsin Territory with northeastern Minnesota and Wisconsin.[19]
January 17, 1840[edit]
Voicing the same concerns as Texas, the states of Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas declared independence from Mexico as the Republic of the Rio Grande; since the border of Texas was never conclusively decided, they claim a northern border of the Nueces River, while Texas claims a southern border of the Rio Grande.[39] The rebellion lasted until November 6, 1840. The nation was never fully established, and only existed in the minds of a few.
1841[edit]
February 10, 1841
The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was created by combining Lower Canada and Upper Canada. It was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867. Its formation reflected recommendations made by John Lambton, 1st Earl of Durham in the Report on the Affairs of British North America following the Rebellions of 1837. The Province of Canada ceased to exist at Canadian Confederation on July 1, 1867, when it was redivided into the modern Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec.[40]
The Russians were forced to sell Fort Ross due to its economic failure. A private investor, John Sutter, agreed to pay $30,000 (US$696,484 in 2017) over a three-year period.[41]
1842[edit]
September 11, 1842
The district of Soconusco rejoined Mexico as part of the state of Chiapas.[35]
November 10, 1842
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty settled the border between the United States and lands held by the United Kingdom east of the Rocky Mountains, ending the disputes over the northern border of the state of Maine and northeastern border of Wisconsin Territory, which today resides in present day Minnesota.[42]
1845[edit]
March 3, 1845
Florida Territory was admitted to the US as the 27th state, Florida.
December 29, 1845
The Republic of Texas was admitted to the US as the 28th state, Texas. The United States Congress passed the joint resolution of annexation on March 1, 1845,[43] but Texas did not agree to join the union for some time after. Although the annexation resolution avoided specifying Texas's boundaries, the U.S. inherited Texas's unenforced claims to South Texas, West Texas, over half of New Mexico, a third of Colorado, and small parts of Oklahoma, Kansas and Wyoming. With Texas joining the union, Arkansas finally gave up its claim on Miller County.
1846[edit]
January 1, 1846
The state of Yucatán declares independence, for the same reasons as the Republic of Texas and Republic of the Rio Grande, forming the Republic of Yucatán.[35]
June 14, 1846
The California Republic, also called the Bear Flag Republic, was proclaimed by settlers in Sonoma in the then-Mexican province of California. Declared during the Mexican-American War, the republic lasted less than a month.[A 3][44]
June 18, 1846
The Oregon Treaty established the 49th parallel west of the Lake of the Woods as the continental border (so it did not include Vancouver Island) with the lands held by the United Kingdom. The sharing of Oregon Country ended, and the American portion becomes unorganized territory.[45]
December 28, 1846
The southeast portion of Iowa Territory was admitted to the US as the 29th state, Iowa. The remainder became unorganized.[19]
1848[edit]
February 2, 1848
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican-American War. Mexico ceded the Texas-claimed areas as well as a large area of land[46] consisting of all of present-day California, Nevada, and Utah, most of Arizona, and portions of Colorado, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
August 17, 1848
The Republic of Yucatán rejoined Mexico after the Caste War of Yucatán forced them to seek outside help.[35]
May 29, 1848
The southeastern portion of Wisconsin Territory was admitted to the US as the 30th state, Wisconsin. The remainder became unorganized.[19]
August 14, 1848
Oregon Territory was organized, including present-day Idaho, northwestern Montana, Oregon, Washington, and western Wyoming.[47]
1849[edit]
January 13, 1849
Colony of Vancouver Island is formed as a British crown colony.
March 3, 1849
Minnesota Territory was organized, consisting of present-day Minnesota, and eastern portions of North Dakota and South Dakota.[48]
1850[edit]
September 9, 1850
The Compromise of 1850 divided the Mexican Cession and land claimed by Texas but ceded to the federal government in exchange for taking on its debts. The western portion was admitted to the US as the 31st state, California, most of the rest was organized as Utah Territory and New Mexico Territory, and a small portion became unorganized land.[49] New Mexico Territory consisted of most of present-day Arizona and New Mexico, as well as a southern portion of Colorado and the southern tip of Nevada. Utah Territory consisted of present-day Utah, most of Nevada, and portions of Colorado and Wyoming.
1853[edit]
March 2, 1853
Washington Territory was split from Oregon Territory, consisting of present-day Washington, northern Idaho, and the western tip of Montana, leaving Oregon Territory with all of Oregon, southern Idaho and a portion of Wyoming.[50]
December 30, 1853
The Gadsden Purchase added some land to New Mexico Territory, corresponding to the southernmost areas of present-day Arizona and New Mexico.[51]
May 30, 1854[edit]
Kansas Territory and Nebraska Territory were organized; the remaining unorganized land colloquially became known as Indian Territory.[52] Kansas Territory consisted of present-day Kansas and eastern Colorado. Nebraska Territory consisted of present-day Nebraska, and parts of Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. Indian Territory corresponds to eastern Oklahoma.
A peculiarity appeared at this time, when a small strip of land north of Texas was not officially assigned by any state or territory; this came to be called the Neutral Strip or "No Man's Land", which corresponds to the present-day panhandle of Oklahoma.[53]
February 12, 1857[edit]
The 1857 Constitution of Mexico was adopted, reorganizing some states. Nuevo León is merged into Coahuila; Aguascalientes, Colima, and Tlaxcala all had their status changed from territory to state; and the state of Guerrero was created from portions of México and Puebla.[35]
1858[edit]
August 2, 1858
The Colony of British Columbia was a crown colony in British North America from 1858 until 1871.[54]
May 11, 1858
The eastern portion of Minnesota Territory was admitted to the US as the 32nd state, Minnesota. The remainder became unorganized.[19]
1859[edit]
February 14, 1859
The western portion of Oregon Territory was admitted to the US as the 33rd state, Oregon. The remainder was assigned to Washington Territory.[55]
1859
A boundary commission was set up to delineate the border between Vancouver Island and the Washington State coast. The commission could not come to agreement on where the middle of the Strait was so in 1859 things came to a head during the bloodless Pig War.[56]
1861[edit]
January 29, 1861
The eastern portion of Kansas Territory was admitted as the 34th state, Kansas. The western portion was added to Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861, but for the month between statehood for Kansas and the formation of Colorado Territory, it appears to have had no official status.[57]
March 4, 1861
The Confederate States of America (CSA) was formed. The Southern states seceded at different dates and joined the CSA at different dates; to simplify the map, only the final form of the CSA is shown here. There were rebel governments as well as Union governments in Kentucky and Missouri, and the CSA had full control over Indian Territory. To view a detailed animated map depicting the various state secessions see CSA states evolution.[58]
February 28, 1861
Colorado Territory was organized, with land from Utah, New Mexico, and Nebraska Territories, as well as the land left over from Kansas Territory; it corresponded already to present-day Colorado.[57] Also, the eastern tip of Washington Territory was transferred to Nebraska Territory.
July 14, 1862[edit]
Due to its nature as a mining and grazing area, land started to be added to Nevada Territory to accommodate these activities. Its eastern border was moved eastward from the 39th meridian west from Washington, to the 38th meridian west from Washington, transferring the land from Utah Territory.[59]
1863[edit]
April 29, 1863
The Mexican state of Campeche was split from Yucatán.[35]
February 24, 1863
The Union created its own Arizona Territory, splitting it off from New Mexico Territory, making both territories correspond to their present-day states, except for Arizona Territory including the southern tip of present-day Nevada.[60]
March 4, 1863
Idaho Territory was created from portions of Washington, Dakota, and Nebraska Territories, consisting of present-day Idaho, Montana, and most of Wyoming. Nebraska and Washington Territories were left corresponding to their present-day counterparts.[61]
June 20, 1863
Several counties of northwestern Virginia who did not want to be part of the Confederacy split off and were admitted to the US as the 35th state, West Virginia.
1864[edit]
February 26, 1864
The Mexican state of Nuevo León was re-split from Coahuila.[35]
May 26, 1864
Montana Territory was split from Idaho Territory, which also had some land transferred to Dakota Territory. Montana Territory corresponded to present-day Montana, Idaho Territory consisted of Idaho and western Wyoming, and Dakota Territory included both North and South Dakota, and most of Wyoming.[62]
October 31, 1864
Nevada Territory was admitted to the US as the 36th state, Nevada; it was a bit smaller than it is today, lacking area in both the east and south.
1865[edit]
April 9, 1865
The Confederate States of America surrendered. The process of Reconstruction and readmission to the union would take several years; to simplify the map, they are shown as already readmitted. To view a detailed animated map depicting the various state readmission during Reconstruction see CSA states evolution.
1866[edit]
August 2, 1866
Colony of Vancouver Island and Colony of British Columbia merge to form United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia
1867[edit]
January 18, 1867
Nevada's eastern border was moved from the 38th meridian west from Washington, to the 37th meridian west from Washington, transferring land to it from Utah Territory.[59] Also, the northwestern corner of Arizona Territory was transferred to the state of Nevada, giving it its present-day borders.[63]
March 1, 1867
Nebraska Territory was admitted to the US as the 37th state, Nebraska.
July 1, 1867
Canada was formed from three provinces of British North America: the Province of Canada, which was split into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and the colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.[64]
At this time, though, Canada did not become independent according to the modern meaning of the word. The Statute of Westminster 1931 made Canada much closer to being independent, but not completely.
October 11, 1867
The United States purchased Alaska from Russia; it was designated the Department of Alaska, and corresponds, except for a boundary dispute, to present-day Alaska.[65] The United States Senate approved the purchase of Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 (US$123,377,142.86 in 2017) on April 9, 1867.
1868[edit]
July 25, 1868
Wyoming Territory was formed from portions of Dakota, Idaho, and Utah Territories, corresponding to the present-day borders of Wyoming.[66] Idaho Territory then corresponds to present day Idaho, and Utah Territory to present-day Utah.
1869[edit]
January 15, 1869
The Mexican state of Hidalgo was split from the state of México.[35]
April 16, 1869
The Mexican state of Morelos was split from the state of México.[35]
July 15, 1870[edit]
The United Kingdom ceded most of its remaining land in North America to Canada, with Rupert's Land and the North-Western Territory becoming the North-West Territories. The Rupert's Land Act 1868 transferred the region to Canada as of 1869, but it was only consummated in 1870 when £300,000 were paid to the Hudson's Bay Company. At this time, the Manitoba Act took effect, and a small square of the newly acquired region surrounding the city of Winnipeg was made the province of Manitoba.[67][68]
Unlike what this map shows, the actual border between Newfoundland & Quebec is still unknown. Mapmakers have mostly made their own guesses until 1927, pretending that the border was more known than it really was. The problem didn't stop in 1927 (see 1927).
July 20, 1871[edit]
The British colony of British Columbia joined Canada as the sixth province.[69] British Columbia joined the Canadian confederation following The Great Confederation Debates in the spring of 1870 and the Confederation Negotiations of the following summer and winter.[70]
October 21, 1872[edit]
The San Juan Islands were awarded to the US, formally ending the Pig War with Britain.[71]
July 1, 1873[edit]
The British colony of Prince Edward Island joined Canada as the seventh province by an Act of Parliament (and, as part of the terms of union, was guaranteed a ferry link, a term which was deleted upon completion of the Confederation Bridge in 1997).[72]
July 26, 1874[edit]
The borders of Ontario were provisionally expanded north and west. When the Province of Canada was formed, its borders were not entirely clear, and Ontario claimed to eventually reach all the way to the Rocky Mountains and Arctic Ocean. With Canada's acquisition of Rupert's Land, Ontario was interested in clearly defining its borders, especially since some of the new areas it was interested in were rapidly growing. After the federal government asked Ontario to pay for construction in the new disputed area, the province asked for an elaboration on its limits, and its boundary was moved north to the 51st parallel north.[73][74]
1876[edit]
April 12, 1876
The District of Keewatin was created by the passage of the Keewatin Act on April 12, 1876 in a central separate strip from the North-West Territories, in order to provide government for the growing area north of Manitoba and west of Ontario.[75][76]
August 1, 1876
Colorado Territory was admitted to the US as the 38th state, Colorado.
February 8, 1879[edit]
Arenas Key is claimed for the United States under the Guano Islands Act
1880[edit]
September 1, 1880
The United Kingdom ceded its Arctic Islands to Canada,[77] and they were made part of the North-West Territories.[78]
September 13, 1880
The Western Triangle Islands are claimed for the United States under the Guano Islands Act.
July 1, 1881[edit]
Manitoba's borders were expanded to a larger postage stamp province taking land easterly from the District of Keewatin to the western boundary of Ontario. Since the province's eastern border was defined as the "western boundary of Ontario", the exact definition of which was still unclear, Ontario disputed a portion of the new region.[79]
March 28, 1882[edit]
The part of Dakota Territory south of 43° north and north of the Keya Paha and Niobrara Rivers was transferred to Nebraska.[80]
1884[edit]
June 21, 1884
The Islands of Perez Chica and Pajora of the Alacrene Islands in the bay of Campeche are claimed for the United States under the Guano Islands Act.
December 12, 1884
The Mexican territory of Tepic was split from the state of Jalisco.[35]
May 7, 1886[edit]
The southwestern border of the District of Keewatin was adjusted to conform to the boundaries of the new provisional districts of the North-West Territories created in 1882, returning some land to the North-West Territories.[81] The provisional districts were the District of Alberta, the District of Athabasca, District of Assiniboia and the District of Saskatchewan, which all remained administrative areas of the North-West Territories, unlike the District of Keewatin.[68]
1889[edit]
November 2, 1889
Dakota Territory was split in two, and it was admitted to the US as the 39th state, North Dakota, and 40th state, South Dakota.
November 8, 1889
Montana Territory was admitted to the US as the 41st state, Montana.
November 11, 1889
Washington Territory was admitted to the US as the 42nd state, Washington.
August 12, 1889
The dispute between Manitoba and Ontario ended as Ontario's borders were finalized in accordance with the Canada (Ontario Boundary) Act, 1889, which extended the province west to the Lake of the Woods and north to the Albany River.[82]
1890[edit]
May 2, 1890
Oklahoma Territory was organized from the western portion of Indian Territory, and included the Neutral Strip, corresponding to the western half of present-day Oklahoma.[83]
July 3, 1890
Idaho Territory was admitted to the US as the 43rd state, Idaho.
July 10, 1890
Wyoming Territory was admitted to the US as the 44th state, Wyoming.
November 24, 1894[edit]
The American claims over the Western Triangle, Areaas, Perez, Chica, Pajoras, and Arenas Keys are all waived by the American government in favor of Mexico.
October 2, 1895[edit]
Keewatin covered the portion of the North-West Territories north of Manitoba on the mainland, and all islands within Hudson, James, and Ungava Bays. The portion between the District of Keewatin, Ontario, and Hudson Bay was not in a district, and was assigned to the District of Keewatin by an Order of Council. Four additional provisional districts of the North-West Territories were formed, the District of Yukon, the District of Ungava, the District of Mackenzie, and the District of Franklin.[84][85]
1896[edit]
January 4, 1896
Utah Territory was admitted to the US as the 45th state, Utah.
May 4, 1896
A Supreme Court ruling officially assigns Greer County to Oklahoma Territory.[86]
1897[edit]
The borders of the District of Keewatin were adjusted.[87] Southampton Island, Coats Island, Mansel Island, Akimiski Island, and other islands were transferred to Keewatin. [A 4]
June 13, 1898[edit]
Yukon Territory was created from the District of Yukon in the northwestern part of the North-West Territories, and the Quebec Boundary Extension Act, 1898 expanded the borders of Quebec north to the Eastmain River.[88]
May 23, 1901[edit]
The eastern border of Yukon Territory was adjusted to the eastern edge of the Peel River watershed, and also to include some more islands.[89]
November 24, 1902[edit]
The Mexican territory of Quintana Roo was split from the state of Yucatán.[35]
1903[edit]
The Alaska Boundary Dispute was a territorial dispute between the United States and Canada (then a British Dominion with its foreign affairs controlled from London), and at a subnational level between Alaska on the US side and British Columbia and the Yukon on the Canadian side. It was resolved by arbitration in 1903, generally favoring the American claim.[90]
September 1, 1905[edit]
The provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan were created from the North-West Territories. Saskatchewan's western border and Alberta's eastern border run concurrent with the 4th meridian[A] or the 110°W longitude. Saskatchewan's eastern border is not a meridian, but instead follows a staircase-shaped Dominion Land Survey range line. Alberta's southern and northern borders are the same as Saskatchewan's: the southern border is the Canada–United States border or the 49th parallel and the northern border is the 60th parallel. Alberta's western border runs along peaks of the Rocky Mountain ridge and then extends north to the 60th parallel.[91][92][93][94] The District of Keewatin became an administrative unit of the Northwest Territories.
1906[edit]
In 1906, the American Rio Grande Land and Irrigation Company performed an unauthorized diversion of the Rio Grande, which moved a 413-acre (167 ha) tract of land, including the American village of Rio Rico, south of the river. Since the 1845 Border Treaty all land south of the Rio Grande was Mexican. Mexican authorities unknowingly assumed control of the area, which became known as the Horcón Tract.[95]
1907[edit]
September 26, 1907
The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British dominion from 1907 (before which the territory had the status of a British colony, self-governing from 1855) to 1949. The Dominion of Newfoundland was situated in northeastern North America along the Atlantic coast and comprised the island of Newfoundland and Labrador on the mainland.[96]
Newfoundland never became independent according to the modern meaning of the word. The Statute of Westminster 1931 would have made Newfoundland much closer to being independent, but not completely. However, the government of Newfoundland did not ratify it, and furthermore, abolished itself in 1934 because of bankruptcy.
November 16, 1907
Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were combined and admitted to the US as the 46th state, Oklahoma.
1912[edit]
January 6, 1912
New Mexico Territory was admitted to the US as the 47th state, New Mexico.
February 14, 1912
Arizona Territory was admitted to the US as the 48th state, Arizona.
May 15, 1912
Manitoba, Ontario, and Quebec were all expanded into their present-day boundaries. The Northwest Territories is now only situated north of the 60th parallel (except Hudson Bay and James Bay islands) with three districts, Keewatin, Mackenzie and Franklin.[97]
February 5, 1917[edit]
With the promulgation of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico, the territory of Tepic had its name and status changed to the state of Nayarit.[35]
March 28, 1921[edit]
The dispute over a square mile between Delaware and Pennsylvania, The Wedge, is finally resolved in favor of Delaware.[98]
March 11, 1927[edit]
A decision of the Judicial Committee of the British Privy Council of 1927 decided the issue of the border between the Dominion of Newfoundland and Canada in favour of Newfoundland. The issue had been the precise boundary between the Canadian province of Quebec and Labrador, part of Newfoundland. The boundary ruling clarified that a large area of the disputed land belonged to Newfoundland, not to Canada.[99][100]
Maps prior to 1927 wildly disagreed on the actual position of the border, instead of agreeing upon marking the area as being disputed. Maps after 1927 tended to agree with the decision, but due to protests, some mapmakers in Quebec still disagreed. In the 60's, logos of the two biggest political parties of Quebec (PLQ & UN) both included the shape of the province as including all of Labrador. Disagreements persist even today (to a lesser extent), as Quebec insists on including the rest of the gulf's basin in its maps, separated with a dotted line saying 1927 border, non-final.[101] Newfoundland complains in 2014,[102] even though older electoral maps showed the same.
1928[edit]
Norway asserted its claim of sovereignty over the Sverdrup Islands. The islands are named after Norwegian explorer Otto Sverdrup, who explored and mapped them from 1898 to 1902 with the vessel Fram, although some were previously inhabited by Inuit people. Sverdrup claimed the islands for Norway, but the Norwegian government showed no interest in pursuing the claim until 1928. At that point, the Norwegian government raised the claim, primarily to use the islands as bargaining chips in negotiations with the United Kingdom over the status of the Arctic island Jan Mayen and the Antarctic Bouvet Island.[103]
November 11, 1930[edit]
Sverdrup Islands are ceded to Canada by Norway, in exchange for British recognition of Norway's sovereignty over Jan Mayen.[103]
February 7, 1931[edit]
The Mexican Baja California Territory was split into North Territory of Baja California and South Territory of Baja California.[35]
Statute of Westminster 1931 allows dominions to become independent. Dominion of Canada decides to become almost independent, whereas Newfoundland does not sign (see 1934).
1934[edit]
The Dominion of Newfoundland, because of financial difficulties, was obliged to give up its self-governing status and the Commission of Government took its place.[2]
1948[edit]
Air Force Island, Prince Charles Island, and Foley Island are discovered and added to Northwest Territories.
March 31, 1949[edit]
The Dominion of Newfoundland and its dependency of Labrador joined Canada as the tenth province, named Newfoundland as proclaimed by the British North America Act 1949.[2]
November 21, 1952[edit]
The North Territory of Baja California changed its status and became the state of Baja California.[35]
1959[edit]
January 3, 1959
Alaska Territory was admitted to the US as the 49th state, Alaska.
1970[edit]
The city of Rio Rico, Texas, was ceded to Mexico in the Boundary Treaty of 1970. The handover officially took place in 1977 and the city was added to the Mexican state of Tamaulipas.[3]
October 8, 1974[edit]
The territory of Quintana Roo changed into a state status. The South Territory of Baja California changed its status and became the state of Baja California Sur, giving Mexico its present-day configuration.[35]
April 1, 1999[edit]
The Canadian territory of Nunavut was created from the Northwest Territories. The provisional districts are no longer administrative areas of the Northwest Territories.[104]
Annotations[edit]
Jump up ^ Not shown on the map as it a name change not a territorial change
Jump up ^ Not shown on the map as the Republic only lasted 90 days
Jump up ^ Not shown on the map as the Republic only lasted under a month
Jump up ^ Not shown on the map as maritime borders are not displayed
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CMS Grammar School, Lagos
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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CMS Grammar School, Lagos
Address
St. Finbarr's College Road, Bariga
Bariga-Lagos, Lagos State
Nigeria
Coordinates
6°32′04″N 3°23′19″E / 6.534583°N 3.388638°E / 6.534583; 3.388638Coordinates: 6°32′04″N 3°23′19″E / 6.534583°N 3.388638°E / 6.534583; 3.388638
Information
School type
Secondary
Motto
Nisi Dominus Frustra
(Without God we labor in vain)
Established
6 June 1859 (1859-06-06)
Principal
Olaoluwa Adeyemi Present (2017)
The CMS Grammar School in Bariga, a suburb of Lagos in Lagos State, is the oldest secondary school in Nigeria, founded on 6 June 1859 by the Church Missionary Society. For decades it was the main source of African clergymen and administrators in the Lagos Colony.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Foundation
2 Principals
3 Alumni
4 References
Foundation[edit]
The seed funding for CMS Grammar School, Lagos was made possible by James Pinson Labulo Davies who in April 1859 provided Babington Macaulay with £50 (equivalent of ₦1.34 million as of 1914) to buy books and equipment for the school. With the seed funding Macaulay opened CMS Grammar School on June 6, 1859.[2] In 1867, Davies contributed another £100 (₦2.68 million as of 1914) toward a CMS Grammar School Building Fund.[3] Other contributors to the CMS Building Fund were non Saros such as Daniel Conrad Taiwo AKA Taiwo Olowo who contributed £50. Saro contributors also included men such as Moses Johnson, I.H. Willoughby, T.F. Cole, James George, and Charles Foresythe who contributed £40.[4] The CMS Grammar School in Freetown, founded in 1848, served as a model.
The school began with six students, all boarders in a small, single story building called the 'Cotton House' at Broad Street. The first pupils were destined to be clergymen.[1] The curriculum included English, Logic, Greek, Arithmetic, Geometry, Geography, History, Bible Knowledge and Latin.[5] The first principal of the school was the scholar and theologian Babington Macaulay, who served until his death in 1878.[6] He was the father of Herbert Macaulay.[7] When the British colony of Lagos was established in 1861, the colonial authorities obtained most of their African clerical and administrative staff from the school.[1]
Principals[edit]
Babington Macaulay, 1859–1878.
Henry Johnson, 1879 - 1881 (acting).
Isaac Oluwole, 1881–1893.
James Johnson, 1893-1894 (acting).
E. A. Godson, 1894-1895.
Melville Jones 1895–1896 (acting)
Joseph Suberu Fanimokun, 1896-1914.
E. J. Evans, 1915-1927.
A. Hobson, 1927-1929.
F. Watherton 1929–1932.
J. Olumide Lucas, 1932-1935 (acting).
C. G. Thorne, 1935-1936.
Solomon Odunaiya Odutola, 1936-1938. (acting)
Leonard John Lewis, 1938-1943.
Seth Irunsewe Kale, 1944–1950.
B. A. Adelaja, 1950–1970.
T. A. Ojo, 1970-1972, (acting).
I. A. Olowu 1972-1984.
B. A. Nigwo, 1984-1986.
J. B. A. Edema, 1986-1997.
Taiwo O. Jemilugba, 1997–2001.
Johnson Onayinka, 2001–2005.
Tunde Oduwole, 2005-2017
OlaOluwa Adeyemi, 2017-present.
Alumni[edit]
Main page: Category:CMS Grammar School, Lagos alumni
Some notable alumni:

9ice (born 1980), musician
Adeyemo Alakija(1884–1952), media entrepreneur and co-founder of Daily Times of Nigeria
Akin Babalola Kamar Odunsi, businessman and Senator
Akin Euba (born 1935), professor of music
Akintola Williams (born 1919), accountant
Alexander Akinyele (1875–1968), Bishop
Ayodele Awojobi (1937–84), academic and activist
Babs Fafunwa (1923–2010), Federal Minister of Education
Bode Thomas (1918–53), politician
Candido Da Rocha (1860-1959), businessman
Charles A. Adeogun-Phillips (born 1966), lawyer
Emeka Ojukwu, Biafran General and former Governor of the Eastern Region of Nigeria
Dandeson Crowther, Archbishop of the Niger and son of Samuel Ajayi Crowther
Dare Art Alade, musician
Ernest Shonekan (born 1936), President of Nigeria
Fela Sowande (1905–87), musician and composer
Frederick Rotimi Williams (1920–2005), lawyer
George Da Costa (1853–1929), photographer
Henry Adefope (1926–2012), Minister of External Affairs
Henry Fajemirokun, Business Magnate
Herbert Macaulay (1864–1946), surveyor and nationalist
Israel Oludotun Ransome-Kuti (1891 - 1955), Educationist and father of Olikoye Ransome-Kuti, Beko Ransome-Kuti, and Fela Kuti
Ibikunle Akitoye (1871-1928), Oba of Lagos
Karim Olowu (born 1924), athlete
Kitoye Ajasa (1866–1937), lawyer and politician
Niyi Adebayo (born 1958), Governor, Ekiti State
Oguntola Sapara (1861–1935), medical doctor, gynaecologist.
Ola Vincent (1925–2012), Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria
Oliver Ogedengbe Macaulay, son of Herbert Macaulay, journalist, and nationalist
Remi Fani-Kayode (1921–95), politician
Samuel Herbert Pearse (born 1865), businessman
Samuel Manuwa (1903–76), surgeon
Talabi Braithwaite (1928–2011), insurance broker
Taslim Olawale Elias (1914–91), Chief Justice of Nigeria
Thomas King Ekundayo Phillips (1884–1969), musicologist, father of Nigerian church music
Thomas Leighton Decker (1916–78), linguist and journalist
T. O. S. Benson (1917–2008), lawyer, politician
Tunji Sowande (1912–96), lawyer and musician
Victor Adetunji Haffner (born 1919), engineer
Wahab Goodluck (died 1991), President, Nigeria Labour Congress
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "School History". Old Grammarians Society. Retrieved 2011-05-21.
Jump up ^ Elebute, Adeyemo. The Life of James Pinson Labulo Davies: A Colossus of Victorian Lagos. Kachifo Limited/Prestige. p. 190. ISBN 9789785205763.
Jump up ^ Herskovits Kopytoff, Jean. A preface to modern Nigeria: the "Sierra Leonians" in Yoruba, 1830-1890. University of Wisconsin Press, 1965. p. 244.
Jump up ^ Herskovits Kopytoff, Jean. A preface to modern Nigeria: the "Sierra Leonians" in Yoruba, 1830-1890. University of Wisconsin Press, 1965. p. 365 note 87.
Jump up ^ Ambassador Dapo Fafowora (June 4, 2009). "150 years of the CMS Grammar School, Lagos". The Nation (Nigeria). Retrieved May 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Macaulay, Thomas Babington 1826 to 1878 Anglican Nigeria". Dictionary of African Christian Biography. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Brief History of CMS Grammar School". CMS Grammar School. Retrieved 2011-05-21.
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=CMS_Grammar_School,_Lagos&oldid=827583992"
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Desreta Jackson
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Desreta Jackson
Born
(1975-04-19) April 19, 1975 (age 42)
Tortola, British Virgin Islands
Occupation
Actress
Years active
1985 to Present
Known for
Actress
Founder, Black Silk Products[1]
Notable work
The Color Purple[2]
Website
http://desretajackson.com/
Desreta Jackson (born April 19, 1975) is a Virgin Islander actress, producer and entrepreneur. She is best known for her role as Young Celie in the movie The Color Purple.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life and education
2 Acting career
2.1 Filmography
2.2 Theater
3 Personal life
4 References
5 External links
Early life and education[edit]
Jackson was born in Tortola in the British Virgin Islands and immigrated to the United States at the age of nine. Her family settled in a skid row area of Los Angeles and her mother collected cans to support her. After two years, her mother found housing in South Central Los Angeles. After acting in a scene in a school play, she told her mother that she wanted to take drama classes. Her mother enrolled her in acting classes to keep her away from gang activity where they lived in California.[3]
After landing various roles in television and movies, Jackson earned a degree in Directing from Los Angeles City College.[4]
Acting career[edit]
Jackson's career began after only a short time in acting school. She was at a casting call for the movie The Color Purple when she was spotted by Producer Reuben Cannon. She was called back for more casting calls after her first audition.[2] She landed the role of the young Celie Harris (with Whoopi Goldberg as adult Celie), who is forced to marry a wealthy young local widower (Danny Glover) who abuses her.[5]
Jackson continued her career while landing roles in both television and film.
Filmography[edit]
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2008 Creating Celebrity Self / Producer
1992 Sister Act Teenage Girl Minor Role
1989 Mancuso, F.B.I. Appeared in episode 2 (Racial Matters) which aired on October 19, 1989.
1987 Mighty Pawns Lucy Made for TV movie starring Rosalind Cash, Shawn Harrison, and Desreta Jackson.
1985 The Color Purple Young Celie [6][7]
Theater[edit]
Andie (1995)[8]
Alien Garden (1996)[9]
Personal life[edit]
Jackson is the founder of BlackSilk Products, a hair care product company that she launched in 2011. She began the business from home in 2002, making her own hair care products such as oils, hair treatments, as well as shampoos and conditioners.[1][4]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Cane, Clay (16 November 2010). "Exclusive: Desreta Jackson Talks Behind The Scenes Of Oprah's The Color Purple Reunion". BET. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Whoopi Goldberg And 25 Years Later: The Color Purple Reunion". The Oprah Winfrey Show. Chicago, IL. 15 November 2010. Syndicated.
Jump up ^ "Actors enrich roles with personal experiences". The Gazette (Cedar Rapids-Iowa City). November 1, 1996. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Poetic Justice – This Actress From The Movie The Color Purple Creates A Beauty Innovation To Protect Women's Health". Innotech Breakthroughs. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
Jump up ^ Carr, Jay (19 July 1987). "Purple Powerful". The Boston Globe. HighBeam Research. Retrieved 30 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "Film: "The Color Purple," from Steven Spielberg". NY Times. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
Jump up ^ Bogle, Donald (1989). Blacks in American films and television: an encyclopedia. Fireside. pp. 61, 150. ISBN 0671675389.
Jump up ^ "THEATER REVIEW : A Funny Social Study at Theatre Center". LA Times. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
Jump up ^ "'Alien Garden' enthralls, disturbs". The Gazette (Cedar Rapids-Iowa City). November 9, 1996. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
External links[edit]
Official website
Desreta Jackson on IMDb
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desreta_Jackson&oldid=798514061"
Categories:
1975 births
American film actresses
Actresses from Los Angeles
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African-American actresses
American actresses
British Virgin Islands emigrants to the United States
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This page was last edited on 2 September 2017, at 09:34.
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