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Bud Roberts
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Bud J. Roberts, Jr.
Patrick Labyorteaux as then-Lieutenant Commander Bud Roberts Jr.
First appearance
A New Life (JAG)
Last appearance
Dark Secrets (NCIS)
Portrayed by
Patrick Labyorteaux
Information
Occupation
Judge Advocate, USN
Family
Bud "Big Bud" Roberts, Sr. (father)
Michael "Mikey" Roberts (brother)
Spouse(s)
Harriet Sims[1]
Children
5
Rank
Captain
Alma mater
George Mason University School of Law
Captain Bud J. Roberts Jr., JAGC, USN is a fictional character in the JAG TV series played by Patrick Labyorteaux.
The character has also appeared three times on NCIS.
Contents
1 Character arc
1.1 On NCIS
2 Dates of rank
3 Awards and decorations
4 Nuclear Football
5 References
Character arc[edit]
Son of a retired Master Chief, Roberts joined the Navy, and as an Ensign was assigned to sea duty aboard the USS Seahawk as the Public Affairs officer under Captain Ross. It was during this role as the PAO aboard the Seahawk, that he first met LT Harmon Rabb, and his partner LTJG Caitlin Pike, when they arrived to investigate a murder. This got him interested in a career in law, and it was later LTJG Meg Austin who recommended him for transfer to JAG prior to her own transfer from JAG staff. He attended law school in the evenings at George Mason University School of Law and, upon scoring top grades in his finals, was assigned extra legal responsibilities and acted as a trial counsel for special courts-martial. Sarah MacKenzie and his wife Harriet Sims are the only people Roberts will allow to view his law school grades. He, his younger brother Mikey (Michael Bellisario) and sister Winifred (Winnie) had a somewhat strained relationship with their father, who raised them himself after the death of their mother, due to his physical and sometimes abusive methods of disciplining them. Bud's last meeting with LCDR Rabb prior to his transfer to JAG Headquarters was in the first-season episode "Skeleton Crew," when Rabb had been dispatched to investigate the murder of a former Academy classmate (and a love interest).
Roberts is well liked and well respected by everyone at JAG headquarters, and is often considered one of the better trial lawyers there. His success rate in the courtroom is often contributed to by his opponents' underestimation of him and his abilities. Harm had once said of him, "Watch out for his 'Aw, shucks, I have a lot to learn' routine", alluding to Roberts' ability to appear less intelligent than he actually was.
Though not the physical type, Bud has been known to become so when the situation demands it; he once caught a punch thrown by his father, and was able to subdue the larger man without difficulty. The incident where his jaw was broken when he stepped between two simultaneous punches from Rabb and the Australian officer Lt. Cmdr. Mic Brumby outside of an Australian courtroom had more to do with the physical limitations of the human body than lack of physical prowess. At the time of the taping, actor Patrick Labyorteaux had earlier suffered an accident that had broken his jaw, causing it to be wired shut and producers opted to write it into the storyline.
LTJG Roberts married Ensign Harriet Sims in 1998.[1] Together, they had five children:
A.J. Roberts (named in the honor of RADM A.J. Chegwidden, however not taking his proper first and middle names Albert Jethro.)
Sarah Roberts (named in the honor of LtCol Sarah MacKenzie). Unfortunately, the child died due to complications in childbirth.
James Kirk Roberts (named in the honor of Capt. James T. Kirk). Bud was a big Star Trek fan.
Unnamed twins (a boy and a girl) born towards the end of the series (the girl is called Nikki in episode "Straits of Malacca").
LT Roberts was assigned as Judge Advocate on the USS Seahawk during the beginning of the War on Terrorism in 2002. He lost a leg trying to save a boy from a field of landmines in Afghanistan that year.[2] He was transferred back to JAG HQ after his operation and proving that he was still able to meet the fitness requirements of the U.S. Navy.
After returning to JAG headquarters following the loss of his lower right leg from a landmine, Bud was assigned to working disability cases; he proved his worth to JAG when he investigated and successfully turned in a refusal of benefits when he noticed a sailor damaging his eyes with self-inflicted laser burns. Shortly thereafter, Bud returned to full limited duty in the court room.
Roberts was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Commander in 2004 in "Hail and Farewell" Part 1, which was the final act of command of the Judge Advocate General, Rear Admiral A.J. Chegwidden, at his dining out. Bud had already been passed over for promotion twice, meaning that if he were to be passed over a third time, he would have been involuntarily separated from the Navy. It should be noted that Admiral Chegwidden "went to the mat" with the Secretary of the Navy to get Bud his promotion.
In the series' final episode, LCDR Roberts chose to remain at JAG HQ after being offered billets by CAPT Rabb and LtCol MacKenzie.
On NCIS[edit]
Bud Roberts also appears in the first season of the JAG spin-off NCIS (which took place simultaneously with Season 9 of JAG), where Special Agent Leroy Jethro Gibbs hopes Roberts will help "lawyer" him past a prohibition on the use of the DNA profiles stored by the Department of Defense.[3]
He then reappears after an absence of more than eleven years in the fourteenth season, having been promoted to Captain and still assigned to JAG Headquarters, where he meets up with Special Agent Timothy McGee and assisted the NCIS MCRT in the investigation of the homicide of a fellow JAG officer. McGee asks him about Harm and Mac, but Roberts is interrupted by the arrival of Special Agent Alexandra Quinn before he can reveal the results of the series' controversial final coin toss.[4]
The next year, while serving as Commanding Officer, Regional Legal Service Office Mid-Atlantic at Naval Station Norfolk, Bud assists Special Agent Gibbs in the death investigation of one of his JAG officers.[5]
Bud Roberts and A.J. Chegwidden (played by John M. Jackson) are thus far the only two characters from the regular JAG cast who have appeared in NCIS as the same character they played in the parent show. Chegwidden also recurs on the spinoff show NCIS: Los Angeles around the same time that Roberts reappeared on NCIS during its fifteenth season.
Dates of rank[edit]
Rank
Date
Ensign Original rank from the Pilot episode
Lieutenant Junior Grade sometime between episode 1.22 Skeleton Crew (unaired) and episode 2.01 We the People (original air date January 3, 1997)
Lieutenant in episode 4.19 The Adversaries (original air date April 13, 1999)
Lieutenant Commander in episode 9.23 Hail and Farewell (Part 1) (original air date May 21, 2004)
Commander (off-camera - not in episodes)
Presumably five or six years after his previous promotion in relation to Time In Rank/Eligibility to be promoted.
Captain prior to his appearance in NCIS's fourteenth season. (original air date September 20, 2016)
Awards and decorations[edit]
The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Bud Roberts, as seen in the NCIS episodes "Rogue" and "Dark Secrets". The names are given in order of precedence, according to SECNAVINST 1650.1F and the U.S. Navy Uniform Regulations (NAVPERS 1566.5G).
Purple Heart Meritorious Service Medal Joint Service Commendation Medal
Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal
with one award star Navy and Marine Corps Achievement Medal Joint Meritorious Unit Award
Navy Unit Commendation
with one service star National Defense Service Medal
with one service star Global War on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal
Global War on Terrorism Service Medal Humanitarian Service Medal Navy & Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon
with two award stars
Bud was awarded the Purple Heart after stepping on a landmine, and losing his right leg.
On JAG, Bud wore the Sea Service Deployment Ribbon (with a service star in later seasons); in NCIS, the Sea Service Deployment Ribbon has been replaced by the Navy & Marine Corps Overseas Service Ribbon (with two service stars).
As the Commanding Officer of a Regional Legal Service Office, Bud is eligible to wear the Command Ashore insignia.
Nuclear Football[edit]
In one episode, LT Roberts was selected to carry the nuclear football. He had trepidations about this duty, as he was worried that he would be responsible for the deaths of many innocent people. While he was on duty as the Military Aide to the White House, the President whose "nuclear football" he was guarding (George W. Bush) attended a conference. During this conference, Bud had to go to the bathroom. When he reemerges, the President is gone. Bud then runs the three miles to the White House with the 40 pound nuclear football. This closely resembles a real event, when President Bill Clinton once left a meeting in such haste that he left behind his military aide, who then ran to the White House.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Wedding Bell Blues". JAG. Season 3. Episode 23. May 12, 1998. CBS.
Jump up ^ "Enemy Below". JAG. Season 7. Episode 24. May 21, 2002.
Jump up ^ "Hung Out to Dry". NCIS. Season 1. Episode 2. September 30, 2003.
Jump up ^ "Rogue". NCIS. Season 14. Episode 1. September 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Dark Secrets". NCIS. Season 15. Episode 12. January 9, 2018.
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Harmon Rabb
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Time in New Zealand
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"NZT" redirects here. For the fictional pill, see Limitless (film).
Time zone
Standard Time
Daylight Time
New Zealand UTC+12:00 UTC+13:00
Chatham Islands UTC+12:45 UTC+13:45
The current time in New Zealand (main islands) is: 20:53, 30 May 2018
The current time in the Chatham Islands is: 21:38, 30 May 2018
These may be outdated if caching occurs, Refresh this page
Standard time zones of the world
Time in New Zealand, by law, is divided into two standard time zones. The main islands use New Zealand Standard Time (NZST), 12 hours in advance of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) / military M (Mike),[1] while the outlying Chatham Islands use Chatham Standard Time (CHAST), 12 hours 45 minutes in advance of UTC / military M^ (Mike-Three).[1][2]
During summer months—from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April—daylight saving time is observed and clocks are advanced one hour. New Zealand Daylight Time (NZDT) is 13 hours ahead of UTC, and Chatham Daylight Time (CHADT) 13 hours 45 minutes ahead.[3]
New Zealand dependencies, the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau, use several different times zones at their own discretion.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Daylight saving time (DST)
3 Standards
4 Dependencies and associated states
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
On 2 November 1868, New Zealand officially adopted a standard time to be observed nationally, and was perhaps the first country to do so. It was based on longitude 172° 30′ East of Greenwich, 11 1⁄2 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).[4] This standard was known as New Zealand Mean Time (NZMT).[5]
In 1941, during the Second World War, clocks were advanced half an hour, making New Zealand 12 hours ahead of GMT. This change was made permanent from 1946 by the Standard Time Act 1945,[6] at which the time at the 180°E meridian was made the basis for New Zealand Time.[7] NZST remained half an hour ahead of NZMT, and the Chatham Islands 45 minutes ahead of NZST.
The use of atomic clocks, which can measure time extremely accurately, led to the adoption of UTC. This was incorporated into New Zealand law in 1974.
In the late 1940s the atomic clock was developed and several laboratories began atomic time scales. A new time scale known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) was adopted internationally in 1972.[8] This was based on the readings of atomic clocks, updated periodically in accordance with time variations in the Earth's rotation by the addition or deletion of seconds (called leap seconds). The Time Act 1974 defines New Zealand Standard Time as 12 hours in advance of UTC.[9]
In 2011, the New Zealand dependency of Tokelau moved its time zone forward by 24 hours, by skipping 30 December.[10]
Daylight saving time (DST)[edit]
Starting in 1909, the Honourable Sir Thomas Kay Sidey annually put forward a bill to advance the clocks an hour from September to the following March and The Summer Time Act 1927 succeeded: first Sunday in November to the first Sunday in March. This proved unpopular so The Summer Time Act 1928 revised this to a half-hour shift from the 14 October 1928 (second Sunday) to 17 March 1929 (third Sunday), then The Summer Time Act 1929 fixed this half-hour shift to run from the second Sunday in October to the third Sunday in March. In 1933, the period was extended from the first Sunday in September to the last Sunday in April. This continued until the Second World War, when emergency regulations in 1941 extended daylight saving to cover the whole year with annual re-applications until the Standard Time Act of 1945 made the abandonment of NZMT permanent in 1946, so that 180° becomes the base longitude and what was called N.Z. Summer Time (NZST) became N.Z. Standard Time.
The Time Act 1974 empowered the Governor-General to declare by Order in Council a period when daylight saving time is to be observed.[9] This was a one-hour shift (on top of the earlier half hour shift) from the first Sunday in November to the last Sunday in February, promptly changed the next year by The New Zealand Time Order 1975 which fixed the period of observance from the last Sunday in October to the first Sunday in March.
In 1985 a comprehensive survey was undertaken by the Department of Internal Affairs. Public attitudes towards NZDT (New Zealand Daylight Time) and its effects on work, recreation and particular groups of people in society were surveyed. The survey indicated that 76.2% of the population wanted NZDT either continued or extended.[11]
The strongest opposition to DST has traditionally come from dairy farmers[12] due to disrupted schedules and shorter working times.
The survey also concluded that opinion on the topic differed little between sexes, and that support for NZDT was generally higher in urban centres. Daylight saving was famously opposed in the small Northland dairy farming community of Ararua,[12] which refused to adjust its clocks for some years. Support for shortening or abolishing NZDT was always in the minority in the areas surveyed.
As a consequence of the survey and further feedback from the public, in 1988 the Minister of Internal Affairs arranged for a trial period of extended NZDT to be held from the second Sunday in October 1989 to the third Sunday in March 1990. The Minister invited the public to write to him with their views on the five-week extension.[11]
The Daylight Time Order 1990 declared that NZDT would run from 2 am NZST on the first Sunday in October to 3 am NZDT on the third Sunday in March.[6]
On 30 April 2007 the government announced that it had extended the daylight saving period from 24 to 27 weeks.[13] From September 2007, daylight saving is now observed from the last Sunday in September until the first Sunday in April. From 30 April 2007, DST begins at 02:00 NZST on the last Sunday in September each year, and ends at 03:00 NZDT (or 02:00 NZST as defined in the Time Act 1974) on the first Sunday in April.
New Zealand time, including DST, is used by several Antarctic bases that are supplied from New Zealand. This results in the oddity that the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station sets its clocks an hour further ahead during the southern summer, when the sun is constantly above the horizon, than in the southern winter, when the sun is constantly below the horizon. The extreme geographic position of the base means that no possible adjustment of the daily activity cycle can have any effect on the amount of sunlight received during those activities. However, the arrangement presumably makes real time communications with New Zealand more practical, particularly in dealing with offices.
The New Zealand dependencies of Cook Islands, Tokelau and Niue do not maintain DST. Two of them are the other side of the International Date Line and have 22–24 hours time difference to New Zealand.
Standards[edit]
New Zealand standard time is maintained by the Measurement Standards Laboratory (MSL), part of Industrial Research Limited (IRL). New Zealand standard time is based on Co-ordinated Universal Time (UTC). UTC (MSL) is kept within 200 nanoseconds of the international atomic time scale maintained by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures in Paris.[8]
It is disseminated by various means, including time pips broadcast on Radio New Zealand,[14], speaking clock and Network Time Protocol.[15]
Dependencies and associated states[edit]
Time zone
Standard Time
Daylight Time
Tokelau UTC+13:00
Cook Islands UTC−10:00
Niue UTC−11:00
Ross Dependency UTC+12:00 UTC+13:00
There are dependencies of New Zealand in the Pacific Ocean, in three different time zones, two of them on the other side of the International Date Line:
The Cook Islands are in the UTC−10:00 time zone /Military W (Whiskey) [1] and do not observe daylight saving time. Clocks in the Cook Islands are 22 or 23 hours behind New Zealand: at noon on Thursday in New Zealand, it is 1 pm or 2 pm on Wednesday in the Cook Islands.
Niue is in the UTC−11:00 time zone /Military X (X-ray) [1] and does not observe daylight saving time. Clocks in Niue are 23 or 24 hours behind New Zealand: at noon on Thursday in New Zealand, it is noon or 1 pm on Wednesday in Niue.
Tokelau is in the UTC+13:00 time zone [16] /Military M′ (Mike Prime)[1] and does not observe daylight saving time. Clocks in Tokelau are set to the same time as or 1 hour ahead of New Zealand: at noon on Thursday in New Zealand, it is noon or 1 pm on Thursday in Tokelau.
The Ross Dependency, McMurdo Station and the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica maintain NZST/NZDT.[17]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Military Time Zone map
Jump up ^ "Time Act 1974". New Zealand Legislation. 1987-03-30. Retrieved 2017-07-29.
Jump up ^ "New Zealand Daylight Time Order 2007 (SR 2007/185) (as at 06 July 2007) – New Zealand Legislation". www.legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Evening Post — 8 April 1929 — OUR TIME". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 2011. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 1869. p. 48.
^ Jump up to: a b "Daylight Saving History". www.dia.govt.nz. The Department of Internal Affairs. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Standard Time Act 1945 (9 GEO VI 1945 No 15)". www.nzlii.org. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "COORDINATED UNIVERSAL TIME (UTC) (CCTF/09-32)" (PDF). Bureau International des Poids et Mesures. p. 3. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Time Act 1974 No 39 (as at 30 March 1987), Public Act Contents – New Zealand Legislation". www.legislation.govt.nz. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Tokelau to follow Samoa on dateline switch". Radio New Zealand International. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 22 November 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Pearce, Chris (6 April 2017). "The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy". Australian eBook Publisher. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Ararua time". Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
Jump up ^ "Daylight Saving". The Department of Internal Affairs.
Jump up ^ "Radio New Zealand's pips are being fixed". Radio New Zealand. 1 October 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "Time and Frequency Standards Services". Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand. MSL. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Tokelau in wrong time zone?, Time zone database.
Jump up ^ "Time Zones in Antarctica". Retrieved 4 May 2017.
External links[edit]
Measurement Standards Laboratory
"Time Zones of New Zealand". Statoids.
Daylight Saving page from The Department of Internal Affairs.
Timekeeping in Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
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