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Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)
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"Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)"
Single by Waylon Jennings
from the album Music Man
B-side
"It's Alright"
Released
August 1980
Format
7"
Recorded
1980
Genre
Country
Length
2:06
Label
RCA 12067
Songwriter(s)
Waylon Jennings
Producer(s)
Richie Albright
Waylon Jennings singles chronology
"Clyde"
(1980) "Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)"
(1980) "Storms Never Last"
(1981)
"Clyde"
(1980) "Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)"
(1980) "Storms Never Last"
(duet with Jessi Colter)
(1981)
The "Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)" is a song written and recorded by American country music singer Waylon Jennings. It was released in August 1980 as the second single from the album Music Man. Recognizable to fans as the theme to the CBS comedy adventure television series The Dukes of Hazzard, the song became a #1 hit on the Billboard magazine Hot Country Singles chart in 1980.
Contents
[hide]
1 Song history
2 Commercial performance
2.1 Charts
3 Other versions
4 Other artists
5 References
6 Further reading
Song history[edit]
As the narrator for the movie Moonrunners (1975), Jennings was tapped to serve in the same capacity for The Dukes of Hazzard which premiered on CBS in 1979 and was based on Moonrunners. Jennings wrote the theme song for the show and recorded two versions: the television theme version and a slightly different version made commercially available on both single and album which received radio airplay.[1]
The television show version features Larry McNeely's banjo work which the commercially available version does not. Additionally, the television version's third verse contains the lyric, "Fightin' the system like two modern-day Robin Hoods", which is accompanied by a "Yee-haw!" said by characters, Bo Duke (John Schneider) and Luke Duke (Tom Wopat), though it is in fact Schneider's vocal used twice.
The commercially available version receiving radio airplay contains a musical bridge which follows the first verse and chorus. Also, following the commercial version's second chorus, Jennings makes a tongue-in-cheek reference to his faceless appearance in the credits by singing, "I'm a good ol' boy, you know my mama loves me, but she don't understand why they keep showing my hands and not my face on TV" (a statement referring to the opening shot in the television theme version where Jennings is only shown below the neck playing guitar).
Most of Jennings' greatest hits albums and various compilation releases containing the "Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)" feature the commercially available version.
Commercial performance[edit]
In November 1980, "Theme from The Dukes of Hazzard (Good Ol' Boys)" became Jennings' twelfth #1 country hit overall (tenth as a solo recording act). The song spent seventeen weeks on the Billboard country singles charts and became his biggest hit on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at #21.[2] It also appeared on several other music charts. The original 1980 single was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for sales over a million. Subsequent to the 2005 movie, the song was certified platinum in 2007 for a million ringtone sales.[3] Note: the certification sales qualification levels had been changed in 1989.
Charts[edit]
Chart (1980)
Peak
position
New Zealand Singles Chart 26
Canadian RPM Country Tracks 2
US Billboard Hot 100[4] 21
US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[5] 1
U.S. Cashbox Top 100 22
Other versions[edit]
The song was covered by the Swedish Lo-fi-group Loosegoats on their demo For Sale by Owner but has never been featured on any of their full-length albums.
Rapper Lil Wyte sampled the song on his song "Comin' Yo Direction" off his album Doubt Me Now.
Other artists[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Waylon Jennings' son Shooter Jennings is known for singing "Good ol' Boys" at the Dukefests, which honor the series, and his late father.
Along with Willie Nelson and Ben L. Jones (Cooter on the series), Waylon Jennings sang the song in an extended version.
Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song while driving The General Lee for their album The Chipmunks Go Hollywood (1982).
In 2006, John Schneider (Bo Duke), Tom Wopat (Luke Duke), and Catherine Bach (Daisy Duke) made a music video, as seen on the 7th Season DVD of the series. John Schneider also covered the song.[6]
In The Dukes of Hazzard film adaptation (2005), a recording of Waylon Jennings was used in one scene, also, as heard on the soundtrack, by Willie Nelson (Uncle Jesse in the film).
In the film The Dukes of Hazzard: The Beginning (2007), country singer John Anderson sings the theme.
Rock band Cage9, performed a cover version of the song was heard in the trailers from the same two films.
Nike used the song in an advertising campaign featuring NFL star Randy Moss and NBA star Jason Williams, who were teammates in the same high school in rural Belle, West Virginia.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Roland, Tom, "The Billboard of Number One Country Hits" (Billboard Watson-Guptill Publications, New York, 1991 (ISBN 0-82-307553-2)), p. 426-427
Jump up ^ Bruce Eder (1996-11-05). "Television's Greatest Hits, Vol. 6 - Various Artists | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
Jump up ^ "Gold & Platinum Certification - RIAA". RIAA. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
Jump up ^ "Waylon Jennings Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Waylon Jennings Chart History (Hot Country Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Good Ol' Boys by John Schneider". YouTube. 2013-05-04. Retrieved 2016-10-17.
Further reading[edit]
Whitburn, Joel, "Top Country Songs: 1944-2005," 2006.
Whitburn, Joel, "Top Pop Singles: 1955-2006," 2007.
Preceded by
"I Believe in You"
by Don Williams Billboard Hot Country Singles
number-one single
November 1, 1980 Succeeded by
"On the Road Again"
by Willie Nelson
[hide]
v
t
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Albums
Singles
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A Man Called Hoss
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Too Dumb for New York City, Too Ugly for L.A.
Ol' Waylon Sings Ol' Hank
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Right for the Time
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Waylon Forever
Goin' Down Rockin': The Last Recordings
Live albums
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Notable singles
1960s
"That's the Chance I'll Have to Take"
"Stop the World (And Let Me Off)"
"Anita, You're Dreaming"
"Time to Bum Again"
"(That's What You Get) For Lovin' Me"
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"I Got You" with Anita Carter
"Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line"
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"The Days of Sand and Shovels"
"Brown Eyed Handsome Man"
1970s
"Singer of Sad Songs"
"The Taker"
"(Don't Let the Sun Set on You) Tulsa"
"Mississippi Woman"
"Under Your Spell Again" with Jessi Colter
"Cedartown, Georgia"
"Good Hearted Woman"
"Sweet Dream Woman"
"Pretend I Never Happened"
"You Can Have Her"
"We Had It All"
"You Ask Me To"
"This Time"
"I'm a Ramblin' Man"
"Rainy Day Woman"
"Dreaming My Dreams with You"
"Are You Sure Hank Done It This Way"
"Bob Wills Is Still the King"
"Can't You See"
"Are You Ready for the Country"
"Luckenbach, Texas (Back to the Basics of Love)"
"I've Always Been Crazy"
"Don't You Think This Outlaw Bit's Done Got Out of Hand"
"Amanda"
"Come With Me"
"I Ain't Living Long Like This"
1980s – 1990s
"Clyde"
"Good Ol' Boys"
"Storms Never Last" with Jessi Colter
"Shine"
"Just to Satisfy You" with Willie Nelson
"Women Do Know How to Carry On"
"Lucille (You Won't Do Your Daddy's Will)"
"Breakin' Down"
"Hold On, I'm Comin'" with Jerry Reed
"The Conversation" with Hank Williams Jr.
"I May Be Used (But Baby I Ain't Used Up)"
"Never Could Toe the Mark"
"America"
"Waltz Me to Heaven"
"Drinkin' and Dreamin'"
"The Devil's on the Loose"
"Working Without a Net"
"Will the Wolf Survive"
"What You'll Do When I'm Gone"
"Rose in Paradise"
"Fallin' Out"
"My Rough and Rowdy Days"
"If Ole Hank Could Only See Us Now"
"How Much Is It Worth to Live in L.A."
"Which Way Do I Go (Now That I'm Gone)"
"Trouble Man"
"You Put the Soul in the Song"
"Wrong"
"Where Corn Don't Grow"
"What Bothers Me Most"
"The Eagle"
"Just Talkin'"
"Too Dumb for New York City"
"Wild Ones"
"I Know About Me Don't Know About You"
"Outlaw Shit"
Collaborations
Waylon & Willie
Albums: Waylon & Willie
WWII
Take It to the Limit
Clean Shirt
Super Hits
Singles: "The Wurlitzer Prize (I Don't Want to Get Over You)"
"Mammas Don't Let Your Babies Grow Up to Be Cowboys"
"(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay"
"Take It to the Limit"
"If I Can Find a Clean Shirt"
Other collaborations
Country-Folk with The Kimberlys
Leather and Lace with Jessi Colter
Heroes with Johnny Cash
Old 97's & Waylon Jennings with Old 97's
Collaboration singles
"MacArthur Park" with The Kimberlys
"Suspicious Minds" with Jessi Colter
"Good Hearted Woman" with Willie Nelson (Re-recording)
"Suspicious Minds" with Jessi Colter (Re-release from Wanted! The Outlaws)
"There Ain't No Good Chain Gang" with Johnny Cash
"Wish I Was Crazy Again" with Johnny Cash
"The Wild Side of Life/It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels" with Jessi Colter
"Leave Them Boys Alone" with Hank Williams Jr. and Ernest Tubb
"Even Cowgirls Get the Blues" with Johnny Cash
"Ballad of Forty Dollars" with Johnny Cash
"Somewhere Between Ragged and Right" with John Anderson
"High Ridin' Heroes" with David Lynn Jones
"One Good Love" with Neil Diamond
Compilations
The Best of Waylon Jennings
Don't Think Twice
Ruby, Don't Take Your Love to Town
Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line
Heartaches by the Number
Greatest Hits
Waylon's Greatest Hits, Vol. 2
The Best of Waylon
New Classic Waylon
Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line: The RCA Years
The Journey: Six Strings Away
The Journey: Destiny's Child
The Restless Kid: Live at JD's
20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Waylon Jennings
RCA Country Legends
Ultimate Waylon Jennings
16 Biggest Hits
Nashville Rebel
The Essential Waylon Jennings
Related
The Waylors
Outlaw country
Wanted! The Outlaws
"We Are the World"
The Highwaymen
Old Dogs
Jessi Colter
Waylon Albright "Shooter" Jennings
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theme_from_The_Dukes_of_Hazzard_(Good_Ol%27_Boys)&oldid=816261814"
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Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles
Television theme songs
The Dukes of Hazzard
Songs written by Waylon Jennings
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Pressure Flow Hypothesis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Pressure Flow Hypothesis, also known as the Mass Flow Hypothesis, is the best-supported theory to explain the movement of sap through the phloem.[1][2] It was proposed by Ernst Munch, a German plant physiologist in 1930.[3] A high concentration of organic substances, particularly sugar, inside cells of the phloem at a source, such as a leaf, creates a diffusion gradient (osmotic gradient) that draws water into the cells from the adjacent xylem. This creates turgor pressure, also known as hydrostatic pressure, in the phloem. Movement of phloem sap occurs by bulk flow (mass flow) from sugar sources to sugar sinks. The movement in phloem is bidirectional, whereas, in xylem cells, it is unidirectional (upward). Because of this multi-directional flow, coupled with the fact that sap cannot move with ease between adjacent sieve-tubes, it is not unusual for sap in adjacent sieve-tubes to be flowing in opposite directions.
Contents
[hide]
1 Sources and sinks
2 Mechanisms
3 Evidence
4 Criticisms
5 Other theories
6 References
Sources and sinks[edit]
A sugar source is any part of the plant that is producing or releasing sugar.
During the plant's growth period, usually during the spring, storage organs such as the roots are sugar sources, and the plant's many growing areas are sugar sinks.
After the growth period, when the meristems are dormant, the leaves are sources, and storage organs are sinks. Developing seed-bearing organs (such as fruit) are always sinks.
Mechanisms[edit]
While movement of water and minerals through the xylem is driven by negative pressures (tension) most of the time, movement through the phloem is driven by positive hydrostatic pressure. This process is termed translocation, and is accomplished by a process called phloem loading and unloading. Cells in a sugar source "load" a sieve-tube element by actively transporting solute molecules into it. This causes water to move into the sieve-tube element by osmosis, creating pressure that pushes the sap down the tube. In sugar sinks, cells actively transport solutes out of the sieve-tube elements, producing the exactly opposite effect. The gradient of sugar from source to sink causes pressure flow through the sieve tube toward the sink.
The mechanisms are as follows:
Glucose is produced by photosynthesis in the mesophyll cells of green leaves. Some glucose is used within the cells during respiration. The rest of the glucose is converted into non-reducing sugar i.e. sucrose. It has been shown that the sucrose concentration in sieve tubes in leaves is commonly between 10 and 30 percent whereas it forms only 0.5% solution in the photosynthesis cells.
The sucrose is actively transported to the companion cells of the smallest veins in the leaves.
The sucrose diffuses through the plasmodesmata from the companion cells to the sieve tube elements. As a result, concentration of sucrose increases in the sieve tube elements.
Water moves by osmosis from the nearby xylem in the same leaf vein. This increases the hydrostatic pressure of the sieve tube elements.
Hydrostatic pressure moves the sucrose and other substances through the sieve tube cells, towards a sink.
In the storage sinks, such as sugar beet root and sugar cane stem, sucrose is removed into apoplast prior to entering the symplast of the sink.
Water moves out of the sieve tube cells by osmosis, lowering the hydrostatic pressure within them. Thus the pressure gradient is established as a consequence of entry of sugars in sieve elements at the source and removal of sucrose at the sink. The presence of sieve plates greatly increases the resistance along the pathway and results in the generation and maintenance of substantial pressure gradients in the sieve elements between source and sink.
The phloem sugar is removed by the cortex of both stem and root, and is consumed by cellular respiration or else converted into starch. Starch is insoluble and exerts no osmotic effect. Consequently, the osmotic pressure of the contents of phloem decreases. Finally relatively pure water is left in the phloem and this is thought to leave by osmosis or be drawn back into nearby xylem vessels by suction of the transpiration pull.
The pressure flow mechanism depends upon:
Turgor pressure
Difference of osmotic pressure gradient along the direction of flow between the source and the sink.
Evidence[edit]
There are different pieces of evidences that support the hypothesis. Firstly, there is an exudation of solution from the phloem when the stem is cut or punctured by the mouthparts of an aphid, a classical experiment demonstrating the translocation function of phloem, indicating that the phloem sap is under pressure. Secondly, concentration gradients of organic solutes are proved to be present between the sink and the source. Thirdly, when viruses or growth chemicals are applied to a well-illuminated (actively photosynthesising) leaf, they are translocated downwards to the roots. Yet, when applied to shaded leaves, such downward translocation of chemicals does not occur, hence showing that diffusion is not a possible process involved in translocation.
Criticisms[edit]
Opposition or criticisms against the hypothesis are often voiced. Some argue that mass flow is a passive process while sieve tube vessels are supported by companion cells. Hence, the hypothesis neglects the living nature of phloem. Moreover, it is found that amino acids and sugars (examples of organic solutes) are translocated at different rates, which is contrary to the assumption in the hypothesis that all materials being transported would travel at uniform speed. Bi-directional movements of solutes in translocation process as well as the fact that translocation is heavily affected by changes in environmental conditions like temperature and metabolic inhibitors are two defects of the hypothesis.
An objection leveled against the pressure flow mechanism is that it does not explain the phenomenon of bidirectional movement i.e. movement of different substances in opponent directions at the same time. The phenomenon of bidirectional movement can be demonstrated by applying two different substances at the same time to the phloem of a stem at two different points, and following their longitudinal movement along the stem. If the mechanism of translocation operates according to pressure flow hypothesis, bidirectional movement in a single sieve tube is not possible. Experiments to demonstrate bidirectional movement in a single sieve tube are technically very difficult to perform. Some experiments indicate that bidirectional movement may occur in a single sieve tube, whereas others do not.[citation needed]
Other theories[edit]
Some plants appear not to load phloem by active transport. In these cases a mechanism known as the polymer trap mechanism was proposed by Robert Turgeon.[4] In this case small sugars such as sucrose move into intermediary cells through narrow plasmodesmata, where they are polymerised to raffinose and other larger oligosaccharides. Now they are unable to move back, but can proceed through wider plasmodesmata into the sieve tube element.
The symplastic phloem loading is confined mostly to plants in tropical rain forests and is seen as more primitive. The actively transported apoplastic phloem loading is viewed as more advanced, as it is found in the later-evolved plants, and particularly in those in temperate and arid conditions. This mechanism may therefore have allowed plants to colonise the cooler locations.
Organic molecules such as sugars, amino acids, certain hormones, and even messenger RNAs are transported in the phloem through sieve tube elements.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Translocation of Food
Jump up ^ Michael Kent (2000). Advanced Biology: A new mainstream text for the new specifications (illustrated ed.). OUP Oxford. p. 286. ISBN 9780199141951.
Jump up ^ Münch, E (1930). "Die Stoffbewegungen in der Pflanze". Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena: 234.
Jump up ^ Turgeon, R (1991). "Symplastic phloem loading and the sink-source transition in leaves: a model". In VL Bonnemain; S Delrot; J Dainty; WJ Lucas. Recent Advances Phloem Transport and Assimilate Compartmentation.
Ho, Y.K. (Manhattan, 2004.)Advanced Level Biology for Hong Kong 3,Page, 203. 4.http://bcs.whfreeman.com/webpub/Ektron/Hillis%20Principles%20of%20Life2e/Animated%20Tutorials/pol2e_at_2504_The_Pressure_Flow_Model/pol2e_at_2504_The_Pressure_Flow_Model.html
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pressure_Flow_Hypothesis&oldid=808979143"
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Courts of Scotland
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Entrance to the Parliament House, the home of the Supreme Courts of Scotland, in Parliament Square, Edinburgh.
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The courts of Scotland are responsible for administration of justice in Scotland, under statutory, common law and equitable provisions within Scots law. The courts are presided over by the judiciary of Scotland, who are the various judicial office holders responsible for issuing judgments, ensuring fair trials, and deciding on sentencing. The Court of Session is the supreme civil court of Scotland, subject to appeals to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, and the High Court of Justiciary is the supreme criminal court, which is only subject to the authority of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom on devolution issues and human rights compatibility issues.
The judiciary of Scotland, except the Lord Lyon King of Arms, are united under the leadership and authority of the Lord President and Lord Justice General, who is the president of the Court of Session and High Court of Justiciary. The Court of Session has the authority, under the Courts Reform (Scotland) Act 2014, to regulate civil procedure through passing subordinate legislation knows as Acts of Sederunt, and the High Court of Justiciary has the authority to regulate criminal procedure through passing Acts of Adjournal. Both Acts of Sederunt and Acts of Adjournal have the capacity to amend primary legislation where it deals with civil or criminal procedure respectively.
The majority of criminal and civil justice in Scotland is handled by the local sheriff courts, which are arranged into six sheriffdoms led by a sheriff principal. The sheriff courts have exclusive jurisdiction over all civil cases with a monetary value up to £100,000, and are able to try criminal cases both on complaint for summary offences, and with a jury for indictable offences. Treason, murder, and rape are in the exclusive jurisdiction of the High Court of Justiciary, and whilst the High Court and sheriff courts have concurrent jurisdiction over armed robbery, drug trafficking, and sexual offences involving children virtually all these cases are heard by the High Court.
Administration for the courts is provided by the Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service, a non-ministerial department of the Scottish Government. The Scottish Courts and Tribunal Service is operationally independent of the Scottish Ministers, and is governed by a corporate board chaired by the Lord President, and with a majority of judicial members.
There are various specialist courts and tribunals with specialist jurisdictions, which are subject to the ultimate jurisdiction of either the Court of Session or High Court of Justiciary, including . Children under the age of 16 who face allegations of criminal conduct are dealt with through the Children's Hearings, which are quasi-judicial in nature. Disputes involving agricultural tenancies and crofting are dealt with by the Scottish Land Court, and disputes about private rights in titles for land ownership and land valuation are dealt with by the Lands Tribunal for Scotland. Heraldry is regulated in Scotland both by the civil and criminal law, with prosecutions taken before the Court of the Lord Lyon.
Defunct and historical courts include the Admiralty Court, Court of Exchequer, district courts, and the High Court of Constabulary.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
3 Civil courts
3.1 Court of Session
3.2 Sheriff Appeal Court
3.3 Sheriff Personal Injury Court
3.4 Sheriff Court
4 Criminal courts
4.1 High Court of Justiciary
4.2 Sheriff Appeal Court
4.3 Sheriff courts
4.4 Justice of the Peace Courts
5 Specialist courts
5.1 Children's Hearings
5.2 Court of the Lord Lyon
5.3 Lands Valuation Appeal Court
5.4 Scottish Land Court
5.5 General Assembly of the Church of Scotland
6 Scottish tribunals
7 United Kingdom tribunals
8 Historical courts and tribunals
8.1 Bill Chamber
8.2 Court of Exchequer
8.3 District Court
8.4 High Court of Constabulary
8.5 Jury Court
9 See also
10 References
11 External links
Background[edit]
Schematic of court system for Scotland
The United Kingdom does not have a single judicial system — England and Wales have one system, Scotland another, and Northern Ireland a third. The Military Courts of the United Kingdom have jurisdiction over all members of the armed forces of the United Kingdom and civilians subject to service discipline in relation to offences against military law. The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom operates across all three separate jurisdictions, hearing some civil - but not criminal - appeals in Scottish cases, and determining certain devolution and human rights issues.
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom[edit]
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom was created on 1 October 2009 by the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. The Supreme Court will hear civil appeals from the Court of Session, and it hears appeals from all the civil and criminal courts of England and Wales and of Northern Ireland. The Supreme Court has no authority to hear appeals on criminal matters from the High Court of Justiciary. Until the creation of the Supreme Court, ultimate appeal lay to the House of Lords, a chamber of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (though in modern practice only the Law Lords sitting in the Appellate Committee, rather than the whole House, heard appeals). The Supreme Court took over the judicial functions of the House of Lords, and also assumed the jurisdiction over devolution and human rights issues vested in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.[1][2]
Cases involving "devolution issues" arising under the Scotland Act 1998, as amended by the Scotland Act 2016, which includes disputes regarding the validity of Acts of the Scottish Parliament or executive functions of the Scottish Government, are heard by the Supreme Court. These cases may reach the Court as follows:
The Court of Session may remit a case to the Supreme Court.
The High Court of Justiciary can refer a point of law to the Supreme Court.
The Law Officers of the Crown (namely the Lord Advocate, Attorney General for England and Wales, and Advocate General for Scotland) may refer a bill from the Scottish Parliament to the Supreme Court.
Any court, if a Law Officer so desires, may refer a case to the Supreme Court.
Law Officers may refer any issue not related to a bill or case to the Supreme Court.
The parties to a case may appeal a case from the Inner House of the Court of Session.
Civil courts[edit]
Court of Session[edit]
Parliament Hall inside Parliament House, Edinburgh
The Court of Session is the supreme civil court. It is both a court of first instance and a court of appeal, and sits exclusively in Parliament House in Edinburgh. The court of first instance is known as the Outer House, the court of appeal the Inner House.
Sheriff Appeal Court[edit]
The Sheriff Appeal Court is a national court with a jurisdiction over civil appeals from the Sheriff Courts, and replaces appeals previously made to the Sheriffs Principal.[3]
The Sheriff Appeal Court is a national court with a jurisdiction over appeals summary criminal proceedings, and bail decision in solemn procedure, from the Sheriff Courts and Justice of the Peace Courts.[4]
The Sheriff Appeal Court had its jurisdiction extended on 1 January 2016, by the Scottish Ministers through the commenced the provisions of the Court Reform (Scotland) Act 2014 to extended civil appeals to the Sheriff Appeal Court.[5]
Sheriff Personal Injury Court[edit]
The Sheriff Personal Injury Court has is a specialist all-Scotland court with exclusive competence to hear cases, with and without a jury, that relate to personal injury. The Personal Injury Court has concurrent jurisdiction with local sheriff courts, over claims relating to personal injury where the case is for a work-related accident claim in excess of £1,000, or where the total amount claimed is in excess of £5,000. The choice of local sheriff court or the Personal Injury Court is left to the pursuer. However, where a sheriff believes the case is so complex as to require the specialist expertise of the personal injury sheriffs they can remit the case to the Sheriff Personal Injury Court.[6]
In Scotland, all monetary claims for amounts not in excess of £100,000 are in the exclusive jurisdiction of the sheriff courts, with the Court of Session having concurrent jurisdiction for amounts of more than £100,000.[7]
The Personal Injury Court was established by the Courts Reform (Scotland) Act 2014 and the All-Scotland Sheriff Court (Sheriff Personal Injury Court) Order 2015.[8][9]
Sheriff Court[edit]
The Sheriff Court is the other civil court; this sits locally. The Court of Session and Sheriff Courts have a co-extensive jurisdiction for all cases with a monetary value in excess of £100,000, with the choice of court being given in the first place to the pursuer (the claimant), the majority of difficult or high-value cases in Scotland are brought in the Court of Session.
Any final decision of a Sheriff may be appealed against. There is a right of appeal in civil cases to the Sheriff Appeal Court, and, with permission, to the Inner House of the Court of Session.
Criminal courts[edit]
High Court of Justiciary[edit]
The High Court of Justiciary is the supreme criminal court.[citation needed]
The High Court is both a court of first instance and also a court of appeal. As a court of first instance, the High Court sits mainly in the former Sheriff Court buildings in the Lawnmarket in Edinburgh, in dedicated premises at the Saltmarket in Glasgow, and also sits from time to time in various other places in Scotland. As a court of appeal, it sits only in Edinburgh.[citation needed]
Appeals may be made to the High Court of Justiciary sitting as the Court of Criminal Appeal from the lower courts in criminal cases. An appeal may also be made to the High Court if the High Court itself heard the case at first instance. Two judges sit to hear an appeal against sentence, and three judges sit to hear an appeal against conviction.[citation needed]
There is no further appeal from the High Court's decision on appeal, in contrast to the Court of Session, from which it is possible to appeal to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, the highest court. Appeals under the Human Rights Act 1998 and devolution appeals under the Scotland Act 1998 are heard by the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (previously these were head by the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council).[citation needed]
Sheriff Appeal Court[edit]
The Sheriff Appeal Court is a national court with jurisdiction over appeals from summary criminal proceedings in the Sheriff Courts and Justice of the Peace Courts, and from bail decision in solemn procedure at the sheriff court.
The Sheriff Appeal Court was established on 22 September 2015 to deal with appeals against conviction and sentence in summary proceedings before the deal with criminal appeals. The Bench generally comprises three Appeal Sheriffs when considering appeals against conviction, and two appeal sheriffs when considering appeals against sentence. A single Appeal Sheriff hears appeals against bail decisions made by a sheriff or justices of the peace. The criminal Court is based at the courthouse at Lawnmarket, Edinburgh, and will initially sit on two consecutive days each fortnight. Substantive criminal appeals will be heard on Tuesdays and appeals against sentence on Wednesdays.[4][10]
Sheriff courts[edit]
an example of a sheriff court in Kirkcaldy
The sheriff courts are the main criminal courts; they sits locally in sheriff courts throughout Scotland organised in the six sheriffdoms. The procedure followed may either be solemn procedure, where the Sheriff sits with a jury of fifteen; or summary procedure, where the sheriff sits alone in a bench trial. From 10 December 2007, the maximum penalty that may be imposed in summary cases is 12 months imprisonment or a £10,000 fine, and in solemn cases 5 years imprisonment or an unlimited fine.[11]
A higher sentence in solemn cases may be imposed upon remittance of the case to the High Court of Justiciary.
Justice of the Peace Courts[edit]
The Justice of the Peace Court is a criminal court which sits locally under summary procedure, where the Justice sits alone or in some areas as a bench of three. Justices are lay magistrates who as advised by a legally qualified clerk, known as the legal adviser. The court handles a variety of minor common law crimes such as breach of the peace, theft and assault, as well as statutory offences such as vandalism, road traffic offences and other public order offences. The maximum penalty which can be imposed at this level is 60 days' imprisonment or a fine up to £2,500.
Specialist courts[edit]
Scotland has several courts with specialist jurisdictions.
Children's Hearings[edit]
The specialist system of Children's Hearings handles the majority of cases involving allegations of criminal conduct involving persons under 16 in Scotland. These tribunals have wide-ranging powers to issue supervision orders for the person referred to them by the Scottish Children's Reporter Administration. Serious crimes, at the direction of the Procurator Fiscal, are still dealt with in the usual criminal courts.
Court of the Lord Lyon[edit]
The Court of the Lord Lyon, the standing court of heraldry and genealogy, is responsible for civil and criminal enforcement of armorial bearings and the right to use certain titles. It is headed by the Lord Lyon, who is King of Arms and senior herald for Scotland.
Lands Valuation Appeal Court[edit]
The Lands Valuation Appeal Court is a Scottish civil court, composed of 3 Court of Session judges, and established under Section 7 of the Valuation of Lands (Scotland) Amendment Act 1879.[12] It hears cases where the decision of a local Valuation Appeal Committee is disputed.[13] The Senators who make up the Lands Valuation Appeal Court was specified in 2013 by the Act of Sederunt (Lands Valuation Appeal Court) 2013, which has both Lord Carloway (Lord President) and Lady Dorrian (Lord Justice Clerk) as members with a further four Senators specified.[14]
Scottish Land Court[edit]
The Scottish Land Court has jurisdiction over disputes involving agricultural tenancies and crofting rights.
General Assembly of the Church of Scotland[edit]
Under the terms of the Church of Scotland Act 1921 the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland has sole jurisdiction over its own spiritual affairs, including matters of discipline.[15][additional citation needed]
Scottish tribunals[edit]
There are several specialist tribunals in Scotland which often have exclusive jurisdiction over cases relevant to their remit. They are subject to the oversight and ultimate authority of the Court of Session, which can review decisions through either a final appeal or through judicial review.[16]
Lands Tribunal for Scotland: title and land obligations
Scottish Charity Appeals Panel
Mental Health Tribunal for Scotland
Pensions Appeal Tribunals for Scotland
United Kingdom tribunals[edit]
There are several tribunals that have jurisdiction over either the whole United Kingdom, or over Great Britain. Where these tribunals make an adjudication in Scotland they are subject to the oversight and ultimate authority of the Court of Session, which can review decisions through either a final appeal or through judicial review.[16][17] When making an Employment Tribunals makes a determination in Scotland it is subject to practice directions from the President of Employment Tribunals (Scotland), and operates under Scots law.[18] These tribunals are administered by Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service.[19]
In many cases there is a statutory right of appeal from a tribunal to either an upper tribunal or senior tribunal, or to the Court of Session: for example Employment Tribunal cases are appealed to the Employment Appeals Tribunal, which in turn allows appeals to the Court of Session. In the absence of a specific appeals court, the only remedy from a decision of a Tribunal is an appeal to, or judicial review by, the Court of Session, which will often be more limited in scope than an appeal.
Tribunals
Copyright Tribunal
Employment Tribunal
Employment Appeal Tribunal
First-tier Tribunal
Investigatory Powers Tribunal
Office of the Social Security Commissioners
Special Immigration Appeals Commission
Proscribed Organisations Appeal Commission
Traffic Commissioners for Great Britain
Upper Tribunal
Historical courts and tribunals[edit]
Bill Chamber[edit]
The Bill Chamber was formerly a court of Scotland, often considered as part of the Court of Session but in fact separate from it. It dealt with petitions for suspension (appeal), interdict, sequestrations etc., and was the approximate equivalent to sittings in camera (in chambers) in American or English law.
The Bill Chamber was "under the same roof" as the Court of Session, but was a separate court or jurisdiction.[20] Its history and function were discussed in the report of the Royal Commission on the Court of Session and the Office of Sheriff Principal (1927) which concluded "the usefulness of the Bill Chamber as a Court separate from the Court of Session no longer exists" and it was thus abolished by the Administration of Justice (Scotland) Act 1933.
Some of its processes are now carried out by the Accountant in Bankruptcy.[citation needed]
Court of Exchequer[edit]
Until 1856, there was a Court of Exchequer in Scotland, which was established Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act 1707, pursuant to a requirement of the Act of Union 1707 which stated:
And that there be a Court of Exchequer in Scotland after the Union, for deciding Questions concerning the Revenues of Customs and Excises there, having the same power and authority in such cases, as the Court of Exchequer has in England And that the said Court of Exchequer in Scotland have power of passing Signatures, Gifts Tutories, and in other things as the Court of Exchequer in Scotland hath; And that the Court of Exchequer that now is in Scotland do remain, until a New Court of Exchequer be settled by the Parliament of Great Britain in Scotland after the Union;
—  Article 16, Act of Union 1707[21]
The judges of the Court were the Barons of Exchequer who acted in both a judicial capacity, dealing with revenue cases, debts to the crown, seizure of smuggled goods and prosecutions for illicit brewing and distilling, and in an administrative capacity, mainly auditing accounts. The president of the Exchequer Court was known as the Chief Baron of Exchequer, and the initial president was the Lord High Treasurer. The 1707 Act limited the numbers of Barons to 5.[22][23]
A separate Exchequer Court was abolished by the Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act 1856, and all of its powers were transferred to the Court of Session. With its abolishment no further Barons of Exchequer were appointed.[24]
District Court[edit]
District Courts are no longer in existence. They were introduced in 1975 and sat in each local authority area under summary procedure only. The Scottish Government merged the management of the Sheriff and Justice of the Peace Courts (formerly known as District courts), retaining lay Justices. The Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007 enabled the Scottish Ministers to replace District Courts by "Justice of the Peace Courts".[25] The process is concluded and all District Courts are now abolished and replaced with the new Justice of the Peace courts throughout Scotland, which have strengthened powers to allow more cases to be dealt with at this level.[citation needed]
High Court of Constabulary[edit]
The High Court of Constabulary was a court in Scotland presided over by the Lord High Constable of Scotland and deputes appointed by the Lord High Constable. Established in the late 13th century the Court was empowered to judge all cases of rioting, disorder, bloodshed, and murder if such crimes occurred within four miles of the King of Scots, the King's Council, or the Parliament of Scotland. Following James VI's move to England, the jurisdiction of the Lord High Constable was defined in terms of the "resident place" appointed for the Privy Council.[26][27]:128
Jury Court[edit]
In 1815, the Jury Trials (Scotland) Act 1815 created the Jury Court to allow certain civil cases to be tried by jury. The Jury Court was subordinate to the Court of Session, and appeals were heard by the Inner House of the Court of Session.[28] In 1830 the Jury Court, along with the Admiralty and Commissary Courts, was absorbed into the Court of Session following the enactment of the Court of Session Act 1830.[29]
See also[edit]
Office of the Accountant of Court
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Part 3, Constitutional Reform Act 2005". Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. 4. 2005-03-24. p. 3. Retrieved 2009-09-02.
Jump up ^ Statutory Instrument 2009 No. 1604 The Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (Commencement No. 11) Order 2009 (Coming into force 2009-10-01)
Jump up ^ Hastings, Mark (30 October 2015). "An overview of the new Sheriff Appeal Court". www.bto.co.uk. BTO Solicitors LLP. Retrieved 3 May 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Criminal Sheriff Appeal Court (SAC) – Questions and Answers" (PDF) (PDF). Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service. 22 September 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Scottish Parliament. The Courts Reform (Scotland) Act 2014 (Commencement No. 5, Transitional and Saving Provisions) Order 2015 as made, from legislation.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ Stachura, Karen (25 June 2015). "Scottish Court Reform – What insurers need to know". www.bto.co.uk. BTO Solicitors LLP. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Personal Injury Specialist Sheriffs Appointed | Media and Publications | Judiciary of Scotland". www.scotland-judiciary.org.uk. Judicial Office for Scotland. 22 September 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Scottish Parliament. Courts Reform (Scotland) Act 2014 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ Scottish Parliament. The All-Scotland Sheriff Court (Sheriff Personal Injury Court) Order 2015 as made, from legislation.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ "Sheriff Appeal Court - Criminal". www.scotcourts.gov.uk. Scottish Courts and Tribunal Service. 22 September 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Part III of the Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007
Jump up ^ UK Parliament. Valuation of Lands (Scotland) Amendment Act 1879 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ "Non-Domestic Rates - Valuation Appeals". www.gov.scot. Scottish Government. 10 February 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
Jump up ^ {{cite legislation Scotland|type=ssi|year=2013|number=161|ssi=Act of Sederunt (Lands Valuation Appeal Court) 2013
Jump up ^ UK Parliament. Church of Scotland Act 1921 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
^ Jump up to: a b Bremner, Abigail (7 December 2016). "SPICe Briefing | Civil Justice - Civil Courts and Tribunals" (PDF). www.parliament.scot. Scottish Parliament Information Centre. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
Jump up ^ UK Parliament. Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ "Directions and Guidance for Employment Tribunals (Scotland)". www.judiciary.gov.uk. Courts and Tribunals Judiciary. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
Jump up ^ "About us - HM Courts & Tribunals Service - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service. Retrieved 20 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Report of the Royal Commission on the Court of Session and the Office of Sheriff Principal with Summary of Evidence. Royal Commission on Court of Session and Office of Sheriff Principal. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ Act of Union 1707 at Wikisource.
Jump up ^ National Records of Scotland. "Exchequer Records". www.nrscotland.gov.uk. National Records of Scotalnd.
Jump up ^ UK Parliament. Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act, 1707 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ "The whole power, authority, and jurisdiction at present belonging to the Court of Exchequer in Scotland, as at present constituted, shall be transferred to and vested in the Court of Session, and the Court of Session shall be also the Court of Exchequer in Scotland": UK Parliament. Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act 1856 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ "The Scottish Ministers may by order establish courts of summary criminal jurisdiction to be known as justice of the peace courts." Scottish Parliament. Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007 as amended (see also enacted form), from legislation.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ "Historic Earls and Earldoms of Scotland - Chapter IV - Earldom and Earls of Erroll - Section II". www.electricscotland.com. Electric Scotland. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Hannay, R.K. (1932). "Observations on the Officers of the Scottish Parliament". Juridical Review. 44 (125): 125–138. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Court of Session – other series". National Archives of Scotland. Retrieved 2010-08-09.
Jump up ^ Shand, Charles Farquhar; Darling, James Johnston (1848). "Chapter I. Of the institution of the Court". The practice of the Court of Session: on the basis of the late Mr. Darling's work of 1833. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark.
External links[edit]
Scottish Courts & Tribunals Service
Scottish Government
Faculty of Advocates
Law Society of Scotland
Jurisdiction of Scottish courts
Scottish Legal Aid Board
Judicial Appointments Board
Judicial Appointments Board description of post of Sheriff
Organisation of justice in Scotland (pdf)
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Criminal Courts Rules Council
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Lord Lyon King of Arms
Sheriff principal
Appeal Sheriff
Sheriff
Justice of the peace
Civil courts
Supreme Court
Court of Session
Office of the Accountant of Court
Auditor of the Court of Session
Sheriff Appeal Court
Sheriff Personal Injury Court
Sheriff court
Criminal courts
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text:
List of patron saints by occupation and activity
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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It has been suggested that Patron saints of ailments, illness, and dangers, Patron saints of places and Patron saints of ethnic groups be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since March 2016.
This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (December 2006)
This is a list of patron saints of occupations and activities or of groups of people with a common occupation or activity.
Contents
0–9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
A[edit]
Adrian of Nicomedia – arms dealers, butchers, guards, soldiers[1]
Agatha – bakers, bellmaking, nurses[2]
Albertus Magnus – natural scientists[3]
Alexander of Comana – charcoal-burners[4][page needed]
Alexius – belt makers and nurses[5]
Aloysius Gonzaga – Catholic students, Jesuit scholastics[6]
Amand – bartenders, brewers, innkeepers, merchants, vine growers, vintners,[4][page needed]
Ambrose of Milan – bee keepers, beggars,[7] candle-makers,[8] chandlers,[9] wax-melters and refiners
Anastasius the Fuller – fullers[10]
Anastasia of Sirmium – weavers, healers, martyrs, exorcists[11]
Andrew the Apostle – fishmongers, fishermen[4][page needed]
Andrew Kim – clergy of Korea
Anne – miners,[4][page needed] mothers,[9] equestrians,[12] cabinet makers,[9] homemakers,[11] teachers, stablemen, French-Canadian voyageurs, and sailors
Ansovinus – gardeners
Anthony Mary Claret – weavers[7]
Anthony the Abbot – basket-makers,[4][page needed] gravediggers, butchers,[7] swineherds and motorists
Anthony of Padua – those seeking lost items or people,[4][page needed] nomadic travelers, brush makers, women seeking a husband
Antipas – dentists
Apollonia – dentists [4][page needed]
Arnold of Soissons – brewers
Arnulph – millers
Augustine of Hippo – printers,[7] brewers and theologians[11]
B[edit]
Barbara – miners, artillerymen, military engineers and firemen, Italian marines,[4] architects, builders,[11] foundry workers, fireworks makers,[10] service-men of the Russian Strategic Rocket Forces,[13] mathematicians,[14] geoscientist, stonemasons
Bartholomew the Apostle – leatherworkers, plasterers,[11] tanners, trappers,[15] curriers
Basil the Great – hospital administrators[16]
Basilides - Italian prison officers[4]
Basilissa - nursing mothers [4]
Bede – historians and English writers
Benedict of Nursia – farmers, farmhands, engineers, architects, Italian speleologists,[4] students,[11] husbandry, heraldry and officers of arms
Bénézet – bridge-builders[11]
Benno – fishermen
Bernadette of Lourdes – shepherds[7]
Bernardine of Feltre - pawnbrokers, bankers[4]
Bernardine of Siena – advertisers[4]
Bernard of Clairvaux – bee keepers, chandlers, advertisers,[9] wax melters and refiners[17]
Bernard of Menthon – mountaineers, skiers[4]
Bernard of Vienne – farmers, farmhands, husbandry
Bernward of Hildesheim – architects
Blaise – veterinarians,[11] wool combers and weavers,[17] town criers
Boethius – philosophy
Bona of Pisa – flight attendants,[4] travelers, specifically couriers, guides, pilgrims
Botulph – farmers, farmhands, husbandry
Brendan the Navigator – sailors,[7] navigators,[12] mariners, seafarers, those traveling by sea
Brigid of Ireland – dairy workers, scholars, nuns,[7] medicine/healers
C[edit]
Cajetan – unemployed, gamblers, odd lot dealers, and of job seekers
Camillus of Lellis – nurses,[4] hospital workers[18]
Cassian of Imola – shorthand writers, stenographers,[4] school teachers, parish clerks
Catherine of Alexandria – tanners, librarians,[19] students, philosophers,[7] secretaries, scribes, stenographers, preachers,[11] nurses
Catherine of Siena – jurors,[12] Italian nurses[20]
Cecilia – musicians[7]
Charles Borromeo – Catechists, seminarians[7]
Christina the Astonishing – millers, psychiatrists[12]
Christopher – travelers, bookbinders, gardeners, mariners,[11] drivers,[12] surfers, athletes, pilots
Clare of Assisi – theatre performers,[7] embroiderers,[11] gilders,[21] laundry workers, goldsmiths
Claude – sculptors, secretaries[7]
Clement – marble-workers,[11] tanners, mariners,[12] stonecutters
Columbanus – motorcyclists
Cosmas – doctors, pharmacists, surgeons, barbers[7]
Crispin – tanners, shoemakers, cobblers, leatherworkers, curriers, saddle-makers
Cuthbert – shepherds
Cuthman – shepherds
D[edit]
Damian – doctors, pharmacists, surgeons, barbers[11]
Dismas – undertakers[22]
Dominic – astronomers, astronomy,[12] scientists
Dominic de la Calzada – civil engineers
Dominic of Silos – shepherds
Dorothea of Caesarea – florists,[7] horticulture, brewers
Drogo of Sebourg – coffee house keepers, coffee house owners,[23] shepherds
Dunstan – blacksmiths,[7] goldsmiths, musicians,[11] locksmiths[12]
Dymphna – mental health professionals, psychiatrists, therapists[14]

E[edit]
Edward the Confessor – kings
Eligius – metal-workers, jewelers,[11] mechanics, taxi drivers,[12] farriers,[10] harness makers,[16] numismatists,[20] Royal Electrical Mechanical Engineers soldiers, veterinarians, farmers, farmhands, husbandry
Elisabeth of Hungary – bakers,[7] beggars,[9] nursing services[20]
Elizabeth Seton - sailors
Erasmus of Formiae or Elmo – sailors,[7] pyrotechnicians,[11] steeplejacks, chimney sweeps and anyone who works at great heights
Ephrem the Syrian – spiritual directors and spiritual leaders
Eustachius – hunters,[7] trappers,[15] firefighters
F[edit]
Ferdinand III – engineers[24]
Fiacre – taxi-drivers, veterinarians, drivers, gardeners,[7] horticulturists[16]
Florian – firefighters,[7] chimney sweeps[12]
Foillan – dentists, surgeons, truss-makers, children's nurses
Frances of Rome – automobile drivers[7]
Francis de Sales – writers/authors,[7] journalists[11]
Francis of Assisi – ecologists,[11] merchants,[9] animal welfare, and rights workers[25]
Francis Caracciolo – chefs
G[edit]
Archangel Gabriel – communications workers, postal workers, broadcasters, messengers, radio/television workers, radiologists,[7] diplomats, ambassadors, emergency dispatchers, police dispatchers
Gabriel of Our Lady of Sorrows – students, seminarians, clerics
Gangulphus – tanners, shoemakers
Gemma Galgani – students, pharmacists
Genesius – actors, comedians, clowns, dancers, theatrical performers of all kinds, also attorneys, barristers, lawyers
George – agricultural workers,[9] archers, armourers,[24] Boy Scouts,[11] butchers, cavalry,[9] soldiers,[11] Crusaders, equestrians, horsemen, husbandry, knights, saddle makers, shepherds, Teutonic Knights (policemen and firefighters in Brazil)
Germaine Cousin – shepherdesses[26]
Giles – beggars, spur makers[27]
Gregory the Great – teachers
Gottschalk – linguists, princes, translators
Gummarus – lumberjacks
René Goupil – nurse anesthetists [28]

H[edit]
Hervé – bards, musicians
Homobonus – businessmen, tailors, and clothworkers
Honorius of Amiens (Honoratus) – bakers, confectioners, bakers of holy wafers, candle-makers, florists, flour merchants, oil refiners, and pastry chefs
Hubertus – hunters, furriers
Hunna – laundresses, laundry workers, washerwomen
I[edit]
Isidore the Farmer – farmers, farmhands, husbandry, manual laborers
Isidore of Seville – computer scientists, software engineers, computer programmers, computer technicians, computer users, schoolchildren, students
Ignatius of Loyola – Military Ordinariate of the Philippines, Society of Jesus, soldiers, Educators and Education.
J[edit]
Jadwiga of Poland – queens
James, son of Zebedee – veterinarians, equestrians, furriers, tanners, pharmacists
James, son of Alphaeus – pharmacists
Jerome – librarians,[19] translators, spectacle makers
Joan of Arc – Soldiers
John the Almoner – Knights Hospitaller
John the Apostle – tanners
John the Baptist – farriers, bird dealers, Knights Hospitaller
John of Damascus – makers of images of the crucifix
John the Evangelist – editors, authors, art dealers, tanners, and theologians
John of God – hospital workers, nurses, booksellers
John Baptist de la Salle – teachers of youth
John Berchmans – altar servers
John Bosco – apprentices, editors, printers/publishers
John Gualbert – foresters
John Vianney – priests
Joseph – cabinetmakers, carpenters, craftsmen, laborers, workers, and working people[29]
Joseph of Arimathea – funeral directors,[30] tinsmiths
Joseph of Cupertino – air travelers, aviators, astronauts, test takers, poor students
John of Capistrano – jurists
Jude (also known as Jude Thaddeus) – police officers, hospital workers, lost (or impossible) causes[31]
Julian the Hospitaller – shepherds, boatmen
Justa and Rufina – potters
K[edit]
Kateri – ecologists, environmentalists, thomasites
L[edit]
Lawrence – librarians,[19] archivists, students, tanners, cooks, comedians.[citation needed]
Leodegar – millers[32]
Lidwina – ice skaters
Lucy - Sight
Luke the Evangelist – doctors, surgeons, artists, painters, notaries
M[edit]
Madeleine Sophie Barat
Marcellin Champagnat – education and teachers
Margaret of Antioch – nurses
Martha – dieticians, cooks
Mary Magdalene – tanners, hairdressers, pharmacists, prostitutes.
Magnus of Avignon – fish dealers, fishmongers
Albertus Magnus – chemists, medical technicians
Macarius of Unzha, Venerable – craftsmen, merchants, travelers[33]
Malo – pig-keepers
Martin of Tours – soldiers
Matthew – accountants, tax collectors, bankers, bookkeepers, joiners, custom agents, security guards, perfumers
Maturinus – comic actors, jesters, clowns, sailors (in Brittany), tinmen (in Paris)[34] and of plumbers.[35]
Maurice and Lydia – dyers
Maurice – infantrymen
Michael the Archangel – soldiers, paramedics, paratroopers, police officers, security officers
N[edit]
Nicholas of Myra – sailors, merchants, archers, repentant thieves, the falsely accused, brewers, pawnbrokers and students in various cities and countries around Europe
Nicholas of Tolentine – Mariners
Notburga – farmers, farmhands, husbandry
O[edit]
Our Lady of Salambao – fishermen
Our Lady of Loreto – aviators
P[edit]
Pantaleon – doctors, midwives, physicians
Patrick – engineers
Paul the Apostle – hospital public relations
Peter the Apostle – popes, fishermen, fishmongers, sailors, bakers, harvesters, butchers, glass makers, carpenters, shoemakers, clockmakers, blacksmiths, potters, bridge builders, cloth makers
Peter of Alcantara – guards
Peter Damian – traceurs/freerunners
Phocas the Gardener – farmers, farmhands, husbandry
Pope John XXIII – Papal delegates
Pope Celestine V – bookbinders
Piran – tinners, tin miners
Philip – Special Forces, pastry chefs
Q[edit]
Quentin – bombardiers, chaplains, locksmiths, porters, tailors, surgeons
R[edit]
Raphael the Archangel – doctors, pharmacists, nurses, shepherds, matchmakers, travelers[36]
Raymond Nonnatus – midwives, obstetricians
Raymond of Penyafort – medical record librarians, Canon lawyers
Rebekah – physicists
Regina – shepherdesses
John Regis – medical social workers
Reinold – Stonemasons
Robert Bellarmine – Catechists[7]
Roch – surgeons, tile-makers, second-hand dealers, gravediggers
Rose of Lima – embroiderers, gardeners

S[edit]
Sebastian – soldiers, athletes
Scott[disambiguation needed][citation needed] – patience and tolerance, origin : Norwich
Severus of Avranches – silk and wool makers, drapers; milliners and hatters
Simon – tanners
Solange – shepherdesses
Stephen – bricklayers, casketmakers, deacons, altar servers
T[edit]
Tatiana of Rome – students
Theobald of Provins – Farmers, winegrowers, shoemakers, beltmakers, charcoal-burners
Thérèse of Lisieux – florists, aviators, missionaries
Teresa of Ávila- lace workers, chess
Thomas – architects, politicians, land surveyors
Thomas Aquinas – students, teachers, academics
Thomas Becket – diocesan priests
Thomas More – politicians, statesmen, lawyers, civil servants, court clerks
U[edit]
Urban of Langres – vine-growers, vine-dressers, gardeners, vintners, and coopers
Ursula – archers, orphans, students
V[edit]
Valentine – beekeeping
Venerius the Hermit – lighthouse keepers[37]
Veronica – laundry workers; photographers[38]
Vincent of Saragossa – winemakers
Vincent de Paul – volunteers[39]
Vincent Ferrer – builders
Vitus – comedians, dancers
W[edit]
Walstan – farmers, farmhands, husbandry
Winnoc – millers
Wolbodo – students
Wolfgang of Regensburg – woodworkers, woodcarvers
X[edit]
Frances Xavier Cabrini – hospital administrators
Y[edit]
Yves – lawyers
Z[edit]
Zeno of Verona – fishermen
Zita – domestic servants, waiters
See also[edit]
Saints portal
Patron saints of ailments, illness, and dangers
Patron saints of places
Patronage of the Blessed Virgin Mary
Saint symbolism
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Saint Adrian of Nicomedia". CatholicSaints.Info. SQPN. 1 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Zannoni, Valentina (7 November 2013). "The Culture of Fashion: Agatha of Sicily". Swide. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Wallace, William A. (1970). "Albertus Magnus, Saint" (PDF). In Gillispie, Charles. Dictionary of Scientific Biography. 1. New York: Scribner & American Council of Learned Societies. p. 99. ISBN 978-0-684-10114-9.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Butler, Alban (1987). Walsh, Michael, ed. Butler's Lives of Patron Saints. San Francisco: Harper and Row. ISBN 0-06-069262-6. OCLC 16998215.
Jump up ^ "Saint Alexius of Rome". CatholicSaints.Info. SQPN. 13 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Richert, Scott P. "St. Aloysius Gonzaga, the Patron Saint of Youth". About.com. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "Roman Catholic Patron Saints | Saint of the Day | AmericanCatholic.org". www.americancatholic.org. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
Jump up ^ "Patron Saints: C - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "Patron Saints". www.ourcatholicfaith.org. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Patron Saints: F - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Saint Charles Borromeo Catholic Church of Picayune, MS - Devotion - Patron Saints - by Patronage". www.scborromeo.org. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j "List of Patron Saints and Patronage". www.catholic-saints.info. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
Jump up ^ "Interfax-Religion".
^ Jump up to: a b "Patron Saints: M - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Patron Saints: T - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Patron Saints: H - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
^ Jump up to: a b "Patron Saints: W - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2015-12-30.
Jump up ^ "Patron Saints: H - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2016-01-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c http://saints.sqpn.com/pst00431.htm
^ Jump up to: a b c "Patron Saints: N - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2016-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Patron Saints: G - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2016-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Patron Saints: U - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2016-01-02.
Jump up ^ "Patron Saints: C - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2016-01-02.
^ Jump up to: a b "St. Ferdinand III of Castile - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". Catholic Online. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Patron Saints: A - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2016-01-05.
Jump up ^ "Patron Saints: S - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2016-01-02.
Jump up ^ "St. Giles, Abbot - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". Catholic Online. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.aana.com/newsandjournal/Documents/imagining_in_time_0695_p191.pdf
Jump up ^ "Saint Joseph". CatholicSaints.Info. SQPN. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
Jump up ^ Craughwell, Thomas (2005). "A Patron Saint for Funeral Directors". Catholicherald.com. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Saint Jude Thaddeus". CatholicSaints.Info. SQPN. 3 July 2015. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "St. Leodegarius - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". Catholic Online. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Macarius of Unzha (Introduction by Metropolitan Bishop Nicholas of Nizhny Novgorod and Arzamas) (in Russian)
Jump up ^ "Saint Mathurin".
Jump up ^ "San Maturino". Santiebeati.it.
Jump up ^ "Dictionary of Patron Saints' Names", Thomas W. Sheehan, p514, Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, 2001, ISBN 0-87973-539-2
Jump up ^ "Patron Saints: L - Saints & Angels - Catholic Online". www.catholic.org. Retrieved 2016-01-02.
Jump up ^ Patron Saints Index: Saint Veronica
Jump up ^ "St. Vincent de Paul - www.marypages.com"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_patron_saints_by_occupation_and_activity&oldid=815865276"
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