text:
Caboose
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For the United Kingdom equivalent, see Brake van. For other uses, see Caboose (disambiguation).
A Burlington Northern Railroad extended-vision caboose at the end of a train in 1993
A caboose is a manned North American railroad car coupled at the end of a freight train. Cabooses provide shelter for crew at the end of a train, who were long required for switching and shunting, and to keep a lookout for load shifting, damage to equipment and cargo, and overheating axles.
Originally flatcars fitted with cabins or modified box cars, they later became purpose-built with projections above or to the sides of the car to allow crew to observe the train from shelter. The caboose also served as the conductor's office, and on long routes included accommodation and cooking facilities.
A similar railroad car design, the brake van, was used on British and Commonwealth railways. These provided the additional function of serving as a supplemental braking system for trains not fitted with a continuous braking system, and keeping chain couplings taut.
Cabooses were used on every freight train until the 1980s, when safety laws requiring the presence of cabooses and full crews were relaxed. Developments in monitoring and safety technology such as lineside defect detectors and end-of-train devices resulted in crew reductions and the phasing out of caboose cars. Nowadays, they are generally only used on rail maintenance or hazardous materials trains, or on heritage and tourist railroads.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Decline
2 Types
2.1 Cupola or "standard"
2.2 Bay window
2.3 Extended-vision
2.4 Transfer
2.5 Drover's
3 Etymology
4 Preservation and reuse
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
The interior of an Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad caboose in 1943
Use of cabooses began in the 1830s, when railroads housed trainmen in shanties built onto boxcars or flatcars.[1] The caboose provided the train crew with a shelter at the rear of the train. The crew could exit the train for switching or to protect the rear of the train when stopped. They also inspected the train for problems such as shifting loads, broken or dragging equipment, and hot boxes (overheated axle bearings, a serious fire and derailment threat). The conductor kept records and handled business from a table or desk in the caboose. For longer trips, the caboose provided minimal living quarters, and was frequently personalized and decorated with pictures and posters.
Early cabooses were nothing more than flat cars with small cabins erected on them, or modified box cars. The standard form of the American caboose had a platform at either end with curved grab rails to facilitate train crew members' ascent onto a moving train. A caboose was fitted with red lights called markers to enable the rear of the train to be seen at night. This has led to the phrase "bringing up the markers" to describe the last car on a train (these lights were officially what made a train a "train").[2] Originally lit with oil lamps, with the advent of electricity, later caboose versions incorporated an electrical generator driven by belts coupled to one of the axles, which charged a lead-acid storage battery when the train was in motion. The addition of the cupola, a lookout post atop the car, was introduced in 1863.[3]
Coal or wood was originally used to fire a cast-iron stove for heat and cooking, later giving way to a kerosene heater. Now rare, the old stoves can be identified by several essential features. They were without legs, bolted directly to the floor, and featured a lip on the top surface to keep pans and coffee pots from sliding off. They also had a double-latching door, to prevent accidental discharge of hot coals caused by the rocking motion of the caboose.
Cabooses are nonrevenue equipment and were often improvised or retained well beyond the normal lifetime of a freight car. Tradition on many lines held that the caboose should be painted a bright red, though on many lines it eventually became the practice to paint them in the same corporate colors as locomotives. The Kansas City Southern Railway was unique in that it bought cabooses with a stainless steel car body, so were not obliged to paint them.
Decline[edit]
Main article: End-of-train device
An end-of-train device on a train in 2005
Until the 1980s, laws in the United States and Canada required all freight trains to have a caboose and a full crew, for safety. Technology eventually advanced such that the railroads, in an effort to save money and reduce crew members, stated that a caboose was unnecessary, since bearings were improved and lineside detectors were used to detect hot boxes, and better-designed cars avoided problems with the loads. The railroads also claimed a caboose was also a dangerous place, as slack run-ins could hurl the crew from their places and even dislodge weighty equipment.
Railroads proposed the end-of-train device (EOT or ETD) as an alternative. An ETD could be attached to the rear of the train to detect the train's air brake pressure and report any problems to the locomotive. The ETD also detects movement of the train upon start-up and radios this information to the engineers so they know all of the slack is out of the couplings and additional power could be applied. The machines also have blinking red lights to warn following trains that a train is ahead. With the introduction of the ETD, the conductor moved up to the front of the train with the engineer.
A 1982 Presidential Emergency Board convened under the Railway Labor Act directed United States railroads to begin eliminating caboose cars where possible to do so.[4] A legal exception was the state of Virginia, which had a 1911 law mandating cabooses on the ends of trains, until the law's final repeal in 1988. With this exception aside, year by year, cabooses started to fade away.[5] Very few cabooses remain in operation today, though they are still used for some local trains where it is convenient to have a brakeman at the end of the train to operate switches, on long reverse movements, and are also used on trains carrying hazardous materials.
CSX Transportation is one of the only Class 1 railroads that still maintains a fleet of modified cabooses for regular use. Employed as "shoving platforms" at the rear of local freight trains which must perform long reverse moves or heavy switching, these are generally rebuilt bay-window cabooses with their cabin doors welded shut (leaving their crews to work from the rear platform). BNSF also maintains a fleet of former wide-vision cabooses for a similar purpose, and in 2013 began repainting some of them in heritage paint schemes of BNSF's predecessor railroads.
Types[edit]
A cupola caboose at the US National Railroad Museum
Seating area in a cupola caboose
The form of cabooses varied over the years, with changes made both to reflect differences in service and improvements in design. The most commonly seen types are:
Cupola or "standard"[edit]
The most common caboose form in American railroad practice has a small windowed projection on the roof, called the cupola. The crew sat in elevated seats to inspect the train from this perch.
The invention of the cupola caboose is generally attributed to T. B. Watson, a freight conductor on the Chicago and North Western Railway. In 1898, he wrote:
During the '60s I was a conductor on the C&NW. One day late in the summer of 1863 I received orders to give my caboose to the conductor of a construction train and take an empty boxcar to use as a caboose. This car happened to have a hole in the roof about two feet square. I stacked the lamp and tool boxes under the perforation end and sat with my head and shoulders above the roof ... (Later) I suggested putting a box around the hole with glass in, so I could have a pilot house to sit in and watch the train.
The position of the cupola varied. In most eastern railroad cabooses, the cupola was in the center of the car, but most western railroads preferred to put it toward the end of the car. Some conductors preferred to have the cupola toward the front, others liked it toward the rear of the train, and some just did not care. ATSF conductors could refuse to be assigned to a train if they did not have their cabooses turned to face the way they preferred. However, this would be a rare union agreement clause that could be used, but was not a regular issue.
The classic idea of the "little red caboose" at the end of every train came about when cabooses were painted a reddish brown; however, some railroads (UP, and NKP, for example) painted their cabooses yellow or red and white. The most notable was the Santa Fe which in the 1960s started a rebuild program for their cabooses in which the cars were painted bright red with an eight-foot-diameter Santa Fe cross herald emblazoned on each side in yellow. Some railroads, chiefly the Wabash Railway, Norfolk and Western and Illinois Central Gulf, also built or upgraded cabooses with streamlined cupolas for better aerodynamics and to project a more modern image.
A bay window caboose at the Illinois Railway Museum
Bay window[edit]
In a bay window caboose, the crew monitoring the train sits in the middle of the car in a section of wall that projects from the side of the caboose. The windows set into these extended walls resemble architectural bay windows, so the caboose type is called a bay window caboose. This type afforded a better view of the side of the train and eliminated the falling hazard of the cupola.[citation needed] It is thought to have first been used on the Akron, Canton and Youngstown Railroad in 1923, but is particularly associated with the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which built all of its cabooses in this design starting from an experimental model in 1930. The bay window gained favor with many railroads because it eliminated the need for additional clearances in tunnels and overpasses.
On the West Coast, the Milwaukee Road and the Northern Pacific Railway used these cars, converting over 900 roof top cabooses to bay windows in the late 1930s.[6] Milwaukee Road rib-side bay window cabooses are preserved at New Lisbon, Wisconsin, the Illinois Railway Museum, the Mt. Rainier Scenic Railroad and Cedarburg, Wisconsin, among other places.
The Western Pacific Railroad was an early adopter of the type, building their own bay window cars starting in 1942 and acquiring this style exclusively from then on. Many other roads operated this type, including the Southern Pacific Railroad, St. Louis – San Francisco Railway, Katy Railroad, Kansas City Southern Railway, the Southern Railway, and the New York Central Railroad.
In the UK, brake vans are usually of this basic design: the bay window is known as a lookout or ducket.
An extended-vision caboose on static display in O'Fallon, Illinois
Extended-vision[edit]
In the extended-vision or wide-vision caboose, the sides of the cupola project beyond the side of the car body. Rock Island created some of these by rebuilding some standard cupola cabooses with windowed extensions applied to the sides of the cupola itself, but by far, the greatest number have the entire cupola compartment enlarged. This model was introduced by the International Car Company and saw service on most U.S. railroads. The expanded cupola allowed the crew to see past the top of the taller cars that began to appear after World War II, and also increased the roominess of the cupola area.
Additionally, Monon Railroad had a unique change to the extended-vision cabooses. They added a miniature bay to the sides of the cupola to enhance the views further. This created a unique look for their small fleet. Seven of the eight Monon-built cabooses have been saved. One was scrapped after an accident in Kentucky. The surviving cars are at the Indiana Transportation Museum (operational), the Indiana Railway Museum (operational), the Kentucky Railway Museum (fire damaged), and the Bluegrass Railroad Museum (unrestored but servicable). The remaining three are in private collections.
Transfer[edit]
A Conrail transfer caboose
A transfer caboose looks more like a flat car with a shed bolted to the middle of it than it does a standard caboose. It is used in transfer service between rail yards or short switching runs, and as such, lacks sleeping, cooking or restroom facilities. The ends of a transfer caboose are left open, with safety railings surrounding the area between the crew compartment and the end of the car.
A recent variation on the transfer caboose is the "pushing" or "shoving" platform. It can be any railcar where a brakeman can safely ride for some distance to help the engineer with visibility at the other end of the train. Flatcars and covered hoppers have been used for this purpose, but often the pushing platform is a caboose that has had its windows covered and welded shut and permanently locked doors. CSX uses former Louisville & Nashville short bay window cabooses and former Conrail waycars as pushing platforms.
Drover's[edit]
Drover's cabooses looked more like combine cars than standard cabooses. The purpose of a drover's caboose was much more like a combine, as well. On longer livestock trains in the American West, the drover's caboose is where the livestock's handlers would ride between the ranch and processing plant. The train crew rode in the caboose section while the livestock handlers rode in the coach section. Drover's cabooses used either cupolas or bay windows in the caboose section for the train crew to monitor the train. The use of drover's cars on the Northern Pacific Railway, for example, lasted until the Burlington Northern Railroad merger of 1970. They were often found on stock trains originating in Montana.
Etymology[edit]
A retired wooden Grand Trunk Western Railroad caboose
Railroad historian David L. Joslyn (a retired Southern Pacific Railroad draftsman) has traced the possible root of "caboose" to the obsolete Low German word Kabhuse, a small cabin erected on a sailing ship's main deck. This was absorbed into Middle Dutch and entered the Dutch language circa 1747 as kabhuis, the compartment on a ship's main deck in which meals were prepared.
Eighteenth century French naval records also make reference to a cambose or camboose, which described both the food preparation cabin on a ship's main deck and its stove. Camboose may have entered English through American sailors who had come into contact with their French allies during the American Revolution. It was already in use in U.S. naval terminology by the 1797 construction of the USS Constitution, whose wood-burning food preparation stove is known as the camboose.[7]
Camboose as a cook shack was in use in English at least by 1805, when it was used in a New York Chronicle article cited in the New English Dictionary describing a New England shipwreck, which reported that "[Survivor] William Duncan drifted aboard the canboose [sic]."[8] As the first railroad cabooses were wooden shanties erected on flat cars as early as the 1830s,[9] they would have resembled the cook shack on a ship's deck.
The earliest known printed record of "caboose" used to describe the railcar appeared in 1859 in court records in conjunction with a lawsuit filed against the New York and Harlem Railway.[8]
Like many nautical terms this one may have come from Danish. The Danish word for a galley is "kabys". The Danish "y" is pronounced like the English "oo", thus "caboose". The plural is "kabyser".
There is some disagreement on what constitutes the proper plural form of the word "caboose." Similar words, like goose (pluralized as "geese") and moose (pluralized as "moose"), differ. The most common pluralization of caboose is "cabooses," with some arguing it should remain "caboose".
It was common for railroads to officially refer to cabooses as "cabin cars."
A two-axled "bobber" cupola caboose at the Colorado Railroad Museum, known for the uneven ride its lack of trucks created
Preservation and reuse[edit]
Former Seaboard Coast Line class M-6 caboose on display at the Mulberry Phosphate Museum in Florida
Although the caboose has largely fallen out of use, some are still retained by railroads in a reserve capacity. These cabooses are typically used in and around railyards. Other uses for the caboose include "special" trains, where the train is involved in some sort of railway maintenance, or as part of survey trains that inspect remote rail lines after natural disasters to check for damage. Others have been modified for use in research roles to investigate complaints from residents or business owners regarding trains in certain locations. Finally, some are coupled to trains for special events, including historical tours.
The Chihuahua al Pacífico Railroad in Mexico still uses cabooses to accompany their motorail trains between Chihuahua and Los Mochis.
Cabooses have also become popular for collection by railroad museums and for city parks and other civic uses, such as visitor centers. Several railroad museums roster large numbers of cabooses, including the Illinois Railway Museum with 19 examples and the Western Pacific Railroad Museum at Portola, California, with 17. Many shortline railroads still use cabooses today. Large railroads also use cabooses as "shoving platforms" or in switching service where it is convenient to have crew at the rear of the train.
Cabooses have been reused as vacation cottages,[10] garden offices in private residences, and as portions of restaurants. Also, caboose motels have appeared, with the old cars being used as cabins.[11]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ A Brief History of the Caboose, Union Pacific
Jump up ^ Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (1948). Rules: Operating Department. p. 7.
Jump up ^ The Caboose's Early Uses, Union Pacific
Jump up ^ "Chesapeake Railway Association". www.chessierail.org. Retrieved 2015-08-31.
Jump up ^ LANCASTER, JOHN (1988-02-25). "End of the Line : U.S. Railroads Phasing Out Cabooses". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2015-08-31.
Jump up ^ "Caboose Gets A Bay Window In Place Of Familiar Cupola". Popular Mechanics. August 1937. Retrieved 2017-08-22.
Jump up ^ USS Constitution Gun Deck Archived 2007-02-16 at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b Beebe, Lucius (1945). Highball! A Pageant of Trains. pp. 207–223.
Jump up ^ Union Pacific Railroad. "The Caboose's Early Uses".
Jump up ^ http://www.cedarplace.com/caboose/
Jump up ^ Doug Kirby; Larry Bleiberg (June 28, 2012). "10 great places to stay at a vintage motel". USA Today.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cabooses.
Look up caboose in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
"The Wood Shanty Disappears" from Southern Pacific Bulletin, January, 1962, pp 22–26
"The Colorful Caboose" from Trains Magazine (undated article)
CBC Radio Archives Talking about the end of the caboose in Canada (1989)
The Warrenton Caboose How a restored N&W railroad caboose has become an integral part of a local community in Virginia
The Caboose Station at Romney from the Potomac Eagle Scenic Railroad website: has information on introduction of the bay window caboose

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Friend of Mine (Kelly Price song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Friend of Mine"
Single by Kelly Price featuring R. Kelly and Ronald Isley
from the album Soul of a Woman
Released
May 5, 1998
Format
CD
Genre
R&B, soul
Length
5:29
6:17 (remix)
Label
T-Neck, Island
Songwriter(s)
Anthony Dent, Steve Jordan, Kelly Price, Jeffrey Walker, R. Kelly
Producer(s)
Dent, Stevie J. & J-Dub, R. Kelly
Kelly Price featuring R. Kelly and Ronald Isley singles chronology
"Friend of Mine"
(1998) "It's Gonna Rain"
(1999)
"Friend of Mine"
(1998) "It's Gonna Rain"
(1999)
"Friend of Mine" is a Grammy nominated number-one R&B song recorded by singer Kelly Price. It spent five weeks at number-one on the U.S. R&B chart and was awarded a Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist.
A remix was made of the song featuring R. Kelly and Ronald Isley. This version became a pop hit in 1998, peaking at number twelve on the U.S. Pop chart.
Contents
[hide]
1 Music video
2 Song information
3 Charts and certifications
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
3.3 Certifications
4 See also
5 External links
6 References
Music video[edit]
The music video for the remix is directed by Hype Williams.
Song information[edit]
The song opens up with Ronald Isley (Mr. Biggs) returning from to his goddaughter Kelly. In tears, Kelly says she just discovered that her best friend had been sleeping with her husband (portrayed by R. Kelly). Outraged to hear this, Biggs tells Kelly to call up her ex so he can talk to him. Kelly reluctantly does so and the song ends with Biggs scolding her ex for what he did while Kelly says she doesn't want him anymore.
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1998)
Peak
position
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[1] 19
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[2] 26
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[3] 24
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[4] 25
UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[5] 5
US Billboard Hot 100[6] 12
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[7] 1
US Rhythmic (Billboard)[8] 33
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1998)
Peak
position
US Billboard Hot 100[9]
72
U.S. Billboard R&B/Hip Hop Chart[10] 10
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United States (RIAA)[11]
Gold 600,000[12]
See also[edit]
List of number-one R&B singles of 1998 (U.S.)
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 45, 1998" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Kelly Price – Friend of Mine" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Kelly Price – Friend of Mine". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Official R&B Singles Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Kelly Price Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Kelly Price Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Kelly Price Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard. Retrieved May 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Billboard Top 100 – 1998". Archived from the original on 2009-03-09. Retrieved 2010-08-28.
Jump up ^ "R&B Rap Hip-Hop Year-End Charts - 1998 - Soul System". www.soulsystem.it.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – Price, Kelly – Friend of Mine". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
Jump up ^ "Best-Selling Records of 1998". Billboard. BPI Communications Inc. 111 (5): 75. January 30, 1999. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved May 31, 2015.
[show]
v
t
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Kelly Price
Discography
Awards and nominations
Studio albums
Soul of a Woman
Mirror Mirror
One Family: A Christmas Album
Priceless
This Is Who I Am
Kelly
Sing Pray Love, Vol. 1: Sing
Singles
"Friend of Mine"
"Secret Love"
"It's Gonna Rain"
"As We Lay"
"Love Sets You Free (Remix)"
"You Should've Told Me"
"Mirror, Mirror"
"In Love at Christmas"
"Take It 2 The Head"
"Someday"
"How Does It Feel (Married Your Girl)"
"He Proposed"
"God's Gift"
"Healing"
"Tired"
"Not My Daddy"
"Himaholic"
Featured singles
"Nothin' Move But the Money"
"You and Me"
"Heartbreak Hotel
Related articles
Def Jam Recordings
[show]
v
t
e
R. Kelly singles
Discography
Production Discography
Videography
Awards and nominations
Born into the 90's
"She's Got That Vibe"
"Honey Love"
"Slow Dance (Hey Mr. DJ)"
"Dedicated"
"Hey Love (Can I Have a Word)"
12 Play
"Sex Me (Parts I and II)"
"Bump N' Grind"
"Your Body's Callin'"
"Summer Bunnies"
"It Seems Like You're Ready"
R. Kelly
"You Remind Me of Something"
"Down Low (Nobody Has to Know)"
"Thank God It's Friday"
"I Can't Sleep Baby (If I)"
R.
"I Believe I Can Fly"
"Gotham City"
"Half on a Baby"
"Home Alone"
"I'm Your Angel"
"When a Woman's Fed Up"
"Did You Ever Think"
"If I Could Turn Back the Hands of Time"
"Only the Loot Can Make Me Happy"
TP-2.com
"I Wish"
"The Storm Is Over Now"
"Fiesta (Remix)"
"Feelin' on Yo Booty"
"A Woman's Threat"
Chocolate Factory
"The World's Greatest"
"Ignition (Remix)"
"Snake"
"Step in the Name of Love (Remix)"
The R. in R&B Collection, Vol. 1
"Thoia Thoing"
Happy People/U Saved Me
"Happy People"
"U Saved Me"
TP.3 Reloaded
"In the Kitchen"
"Trapped in the Closet (Chapter 1)"
"Playa's Only"
"Slow Wind"
"Burn It Up"
Double Up
"I'm a Flirt (Remix)"
"Same Girl"
"Double Up"
"Rock Star"
Untitled
"Supaman High"
"Number One"
"Religious"
"Echo"
"Be My #2"
Love Letter
"When a Woman Loves"
"Love Letter"
"Radio Message"
"Number One Hit"
Write Me Back
"Share My Love"
"Feelin' Single"
"When a Man Lies"
Black Panties
"My Story"
"Genius"
"Cookie"
"Legs Shakin'"
The Buffet
"Backyard Party"
"Switch Up"
Other singles
"Soldier's Heart"
"Take You Home With Me (A.K.A. Body)"
"Honey"
"Big Chips"
"Hair Braider"
"Skin"
"I Believe"
"Sign of a Victory"
"Platinum"
"To the World"
"I Look to You"
"Bump & Grind 2014"
"Ignition (Viceroy Remix)"
Featured singles
"Down with the Clique"
"Street Dreams (Remix)"
"Be Careful"
"Friend of Mine (Remix)"
"Satisfy You"
"Contagious"
"We Thuggin'"
"Gigolo"
"Hotel"
"Gangsta Girl"
"Till the World Ends"
"So Sexy"
"So Sexy: Chapter II (Like This)"
"Wonderful"
"That's That Shit"
"Go Getta"
"Speedin'"
"All the Above"
"Ms. Chocolate"
"Throwin' My Money"
"We Been On"
"Do What U Want"
"PYD"
"Make The World Go Round"
"It's Your World"
Soundtrack singles
"I Believe I Can Fly"
"Gotham City"
"Bad Man"
"World's Greatest
"I Believe"
"Christmas, I'll Be Steppin'"
Other songs
"It Seems Like You're Ready"
"Sadie"
"TP-2"
"R&B Thug"
"Heaven I Need a Hug"
"I Need an Angel"
"Real Talk"
"You Are Not Alone"
"Shut Up
"Betcha Gon' Know"
"Marching Band"
"Wake Up Everybody"
Category:R. Kelly songs
Category:Songs written by R. Kelly
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friend_of_Mine_(Kelly_Price_song)&oldid=837123660"
Categories:
1998 songs
1998 singles
Kelly Price songs
R. Kelly songs
Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs number-one singles
Songs written by Anthony Dent
Songs written by Kelly Price
Songs written by R. Kelly
Island Records singles
Music videos directed by Hype Williams
Songs about infidelity
Contemporary R&B ballads
Soul ballads
Hidden categories:
Articles with hAudio microformats
Singlechart usages for Dutch40
Singlechart called without song
Singlechart usages for Dutch100
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United States Senate election in Nebraska, 2018
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
United States Senate election in Nebraska, 2018
← 2012 November 6, 2018 2024 →
Nominee
Deb Fischer Jane Raybould
Party
Republican Democratic
Incumbent U.S. Senator
Deb Fischer
Republican

Elections in Nebraska
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v
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The 2018 United States Senate election in Nebraska will take place on November 6, 2018, in order to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the state of Nebraska. Incumbent Republican Deb Fischer is running for re-election to a second term against Lincoln city councilwoman Jane Raybould and Libertarian candidate Jim Schultz. The election comprises part of the 2018 U.S. Senate elections.
The candidate filing deadline was March 1, 2018, and the primary election was held on May 15, 2018.[1]
Contents
1 Republican primary
1.1 Candidates
1.1.1 Nominated
1.1.2 Eliminated in Primary
1.1.3 Declined
1.2 Endorsements
1.3 Results
2 Democratic primary
2.1 Candidates
2.1.1 Nominated
2.1.2 Eliminated in Primary
2.2 Endorsements
2.3 Results
3 Libertarian primary
3.1 Candidates
3.1.1 Declared
3.2 Results
4 General election
4.1 Predictions
4.2 Debates
4.3 Polling
4.4 Results
5 References
6 External links
Republican primary[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Nominated[edit]
Deb Fischer, incumbent U.S. Senator[2][3]
Eliminated in Primary[edit]
Jack Heidel, retired University of Nebraska at Omaha professor[4][5]
Dennis Frank Macek[6]
Jeffrey Lynn Stein[7]
Todd Watson, businessman and independent candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2014[8]
Declined[edit]
Shane Osborn, former State Treasurer and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2014[9][10][11]
Don Stenberg, State Treasurer, former Attorney General, nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2000 and candidate in 1996, 2006 and 2012[10][11]
Endorsements[edit]
showDeb Fischer
Federal officials
Donald Trump, President of the United States[12]
Governors
Dave Heineman, Nebraska (former);[13]
Kay Orr, Nebraska (former);[13]
Charles Thone, Nebraska (former);[13]
Pete Ricketts, Nebraska[13]
U.S. Senators
Ben Sasse, Nebraska[13]
U.S. Representatives
Jeff Fortenberry, Nebraska[13]
Don Bacon, Nebraska[13]
Adrian Smith, Nebraska[13]
Statewide politicians
Mike Foley, Lieutenant Governor[13]
Doug Peterson, Attorney General[13]
Charlie Janssen, Auditor of Public Accounts[13]
Shane Osborn, former State Treasurer[11]
Don Stenberg, State Treasurer and former Attorney General[11]
Mayors
Jean Stothert, Omaha[13]
Organizations
Susan B. Anthony List[14]
Nebraska Farm Bureau[15]
National Federation of Independent Business[16]
Nebraska Cattlemen[17]
Maggie's List[18]
U.S. Chamber of Commerce[19]
National Right to Life[20]
Omaha Professional Fire Fighters Association, IAFF L385[21]
Results[edit]
Results by county:
Fischer[show]
80–90%
70–80%
60–70%
50–60%
Republican primary results
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Republican Deb Fischer (incumbent) 128,157 75.79
Republican Todd F. Watson 19,661 11.63
Republican Jack Heidel 9,413 5.57
Republican Jeffrey Lynn Stein 6,380 3.77
Republican Dennis Frank Macek 5,483 3.24
Total votes
169,094 100.00
Democratic primary[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Nominated[edit]
Jane Raybould, Lincoln City Councilwoman, former Lancaster County Commissioner and nominee for Lieutenant Governor in 2014[22]
Eliminated in Primary[edit]
Chris Janicek[23]
Larry Marvin, perennial candidate[24]
Frank Svoboda[6]
Endorsements[edit]
showJane Raybould
U.S. Senators
Ben Nelson, Nebraska (2001–2013)[25]
Local and statewide politicians
Chris Beutler, Mayor of Lincoln[26]
Labor unions
National Education Association Fund[27]
Nebraska State Education Association[28]
Organizations
End Citizens United[29]
League of Conservation Voters [30]
Planned Parenthood Action Fund [31]
Rachel's Action Network[32]
Sierra Club[33]
Results[edit]
Results by county:
Raybould[show]
80–90%
70–80%
60–70%
50–60%
40–50%
Svoboda[show]
50–60%
40-50%
30-40%
Democratic primary results
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic Jane Raybould 59,067 63.68
Democratic Chris Janicek 18,752 20.22
Democratic Frank B. Svoboda 10,548 11.37
Democratic Larry Marvin 4,393 4.74
Total votes
92,760 100.00
Libertarian primary[edit]
Candidates[edit]
Declared[edit]
Jim Schultz[7]
Results[edit]
Results by county:
Schultz[show]
100%
No votes[show]
No votes
Libertarian primary
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Libertarian Jim Schultz 1,169 100.0
Total votes
1,169 100.0
General election[edit]
Predictions[edit]
Source
Ranking
As of
The Cook Political Report[34] Safe R September 28, 2018
Inside Elections[35] Safe R April 9, 2018
Sabato's Crystal Ball[36] Safe R April 5, 2018
Fox News[37] Likely R^ July 9, 2018
CNN[38] Solid R July 12, 2018
RealClearPolitics[39] Safe R June 2018
^Highest rating given
Debates[edit]
Host
network/sponsors
Date
Link(s)
Participants
Jane
Raybould (D)
Deb
Fischer (R)
KMTV-TV August 27, 2018 [40] Invited Invited
Polling[edit]
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Deb
Fischer (R)
Jane
Raybould (D)
Undecided
DFM Research October 23–27, 2018 683 ± 3.8% 54% 39% 7%
Grassroots Targeting (R) Late June 2018 1,000 ± 3.1% 63% 28% –
Meeting Street Research (R-Fischer) January 24–28, 2018 500 – 51% 34% –
Public Policy Polling (D-Raybould) November 10–12, 2017 1,190 ± 2.8% 42% 31% 27%
showHypothetical polling
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Generic
Republican
Generic
Democrat
Undecided
Meeting Street Research (R-Fischer) January 24–28, 2018 500 – 47% 32% –
Results[edit]
United States Senate election in Nebraska, 2018
Party
Candidate
Votes
%
Democratic Jane Raybould
Republican Deb Fischer (incumbent)
Libertarian Jim Schultz
Total votes
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "United States Senate election in Nebraska, 2018 - Ballotpedia". Retrieved March 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Rindels, Michelle (November 25, 2016). "Fresh off 2016 losses, Democrats target 2018 Senate races". McClatchy DC. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ Walton, Don (June 18, 2017). "Don Walton: Deb Fischer embarks on re-election bid". Lincoln Journal Star. Retrieved June 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Retired professor will challenge Fischer in GOP primary
Jump up ^ Sen. Fischer’s Latest Rival Asking a Lot
^ Jump up to: a b Deb Fischer enters election year with $2.4 million; challenger Jane Raybould has $200,000
^ Jump up to: a b Several Nebraska incumbents are running unopposed, but Deb Fischer faces 10 challengers
Jump up ^ Walton, Don (November 21, 2017). "Fischer faces Republican challenge from the right". Lincoln Journal Star. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kraushaar, Josh (October 17, 2017). "Bannon's Bark Is Worse Than His Bite". National Journal. Retrieved October 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Jordan, Joe (October 20, 2017). "All Quiet on the Fischer Front as Money Rolls In". News Channel Nebraska. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Moring, Roseann (November 28, 2017). "Don Stenberg, Shane Osborn endorse Deb Fischer in U.S. Senate race". Omaha World-Herald. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
Jump up ^ Donald Trump. "Nebraska - make sure you get out to the polls and VOTE for Deb Fischer today!". Twitter.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Deb Fischer. "I'm honored to have the endorsement of more than 500 leaders across #Nebraska. Check out the full list here:". Twitter.
Jump up ^ "SBA List Endorses Deb Fischer for Senate". Susan B. Anthony List. November 8, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Farm Bureau endorses Sen. Deb Fischer". Lincoln Journal Star. February 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Aaron Sanderford (March 23, 2018). "Fischer announces endorsement from national small business group". Omaha World-Herald.
Jump up ^ "NEBRASKA CATTLEMEN ANNOUNCE SUPPORT FOR FISCHER FOR U.S. SENATE". April 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/DebFischerNE/status/992458236199661569
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/DebFischerNE/status/993598921619529728
Jump up ^ https://twitter.com/DebFischerNE/status/994959366884397057
Jump up ^ Sanderford, Aaron (August 24, 2018). "Omaha fire union endorses Deb Fischer, a red flag for Jane Raybould". Omaha World-Herald.
Jump up ^ Walton, Don (August 25, 2017). "Jane Raybould will challenge Sen. Deb Fischer". Lincoln Journal Star. Retrieved August 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Several Nebraska incumbents are running unopposed, but Deb Fischer faces 10 challengers
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ Samantha. "Please join us for an evening featuring Senator Ben Nelson and in support of Jane Raybould for US Senate". Douglas County Democrats.
Jump up ^ Bischof, Bayley. "Jane Raybould kicks off campaign for U.S. Senate". KLKN-TV.
Jump up ^ "NEA Fund - Recommended Candidates". www.neafund.org.
Jump up ^ Benson, Jenni (March 15, 2018). "NSEA endorses Raybould in challenge to Fischer". JournalStar.com. Don Walton.
Jump up ^ Muller, Tiffany (March 29, 2018). "End Citizens United Endorses Jane Raybould for U.S. Senate in Nebraska - End Citizens United". End Citizens United.
Jump up ^ "LCV Action Fund Endorses Jane Raybould for Senate". League of Conservation Voters. June 12, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/elections/endorsements
Jump up ^ "Endorsed Candidates | Rachel's Action Network". rachelsactionnetwork.org.
Jump up ^ https://www.sierraclubindependentaction.org/endorsements
Jump up ^ "2018 Senate Race Ratings". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Senate Ratings". The Rothenberg Political Report. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Crystal Ball Senate race ratings". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
Jump up ^ "2018 Senate Power Rankings". Retrieved July 10, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Key Races: Senate". Retrieved July 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Battle for the Senate 2018". Retrieved July 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ https://www.c-span.org/video/?450392-1/nebraska-us-senate-debate
External links[edit]
Candidates at Vote Smart
Candidates at Ballotpedia
Campaign finance at FEC
Campaign finance at Center for Responsive Politics
Official campaign websites
Deb Fischer (R) for Senate
Jane Raybould (D) for Senate
Jim Schultz (L) for Senate
show
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text:
Get Low (Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Get Low"
Single by Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz featuring Ying Yang Twins
from the album Kings of Crunk
Released
February 19, 2003 (2003-02-19)
Recorded
2002 (2002)[citation needed]
Genre
Crunk
Southern hip hop
dirty rap
Length
5:34 (album version)
Label
TVT
Songwriter(s)
Deongelo Holmes
Vinay Rao
Eric Jackson
Jonathan Smith
Producer(s)
Lil Jon
Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz singles chronology
"Get Low"
(2003) "Damn!"
(2003)
"Get Low"
(2003) "Damn!"
(2003)
Ying Yang Twins singles chronology
"Naggin'"
(2003) Naggin'2003 "Get Low"
(2003) Get Low2003 "Salt Shaker"
(2004) Salt Shaker2004
"Get Low" is a song by Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz, featuring Ying Yang Twins, released in 2003. It is featured on the 2002 album Kings of Crunk. The song reached number two on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 20 on the US Hot Digital Songs. It was number five on the top Hot R&B/Hip-Hop songs of 2003. It is also known as a breakthrough single for the crunk genre, as the song's success helped it become mainstream.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Remixes
3 Chart positions
3.1 End-of-decade chart
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Three different radio edits of "Get Low" have been released. One had amended lyrics (i.e. "take that thang to the floor, you skank, you skank"), while the other two bleeped out certain profanities. Of the two bleep censored versions, one version left the word "goddamn" intact while the other censored the word.
The song is referenced by Vampire Weekend in their song "Oxford Comma" from their 2008 self-titled album, proclaiming "First the window, then it's to the wall/ Lil' Jon, he always tells the truth." Chris Rock also referenced the song in a sketch about rap music in his special Never Scared, stating that it was currently his favorite, but due to the song's lyrics, "We all should be ashamed of ourselves for liking this fucking song!"
The Ying Yang Twins used their lines from the song later in their song "Hanh!" from the album Me & My Brother, and in the remix of Pitbull's song "Bojangles".
A version of the song, edited due to its subject matter and use of profanity, was featured on the Need For Speed Underground soundtrack. The same edited version was featured 9 years later on the Kinect game Dance Central 3.
This song was also featured in the movies White Chicks, Coach Carter, The Proposal.
Remixes[edit]
Two official remixes were released in the EP Part II by Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz.
Remix - featuring Elephant Man and Busta Rhymes (also released as a single)
remix - featuring KRS-One, Snoop Dogg, MC Ren, Petey Pablo, Dr. Dre and DJ Pollo
Merengue Remix - featuring vocals by Pitbull
A mix of the song is featured as a blazing song in the video game Def Jam: Fight for NY
Also in the video game Def Jam: Icon
FreeStyleGames included a mix of the song with 50 Cent's "In Da Club" in the game DJ Hero 2.
Chart positions[edit]
Chart (2003–04)[2][3]
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[4] 23
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[5] 21
Germany (Official German Charts)[6] 11
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[7] 28
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[8] 44
US Billboard Hot 100 2
US Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks 2
US Billboard Hot Rap Tracks 1
US Mainstream Top 40 10
End-of-decade chart[edit]
Chart (2000–2009)
Rank
US Billboard Hot 100[9] 70
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Crunk Basement". RapBasement.com. Retrieved 2014-08-30.
Jump up ^ "Lil Jon & the East Side Boyz: Charts & Awards: Billboard Singles". allmusic. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Lil Jon featuring The East Side Boyz, Busta Rhymes, Elephant Man and Ying Yang Twins - Get Low". aCharts.us. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz feat. Busta Rhymes, Elephant Man & Ying Yang Twins – Get Low". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz feat. Busta Rhymes, Elephant Man & Ying Yang Twins – Get Low" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz feat. Busta Rhymes, Elephant Man & Ying Yang Twins Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz feat. Busta Rhymes, Elephant Man & Ying Yang Twins – Get Low". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Lil Jon & The East Side Boyz feat. Busta Rhymes, Elephant Man & Ying Yang Twins – Get Low". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "The Billboard Hot 100 Singles & Tracks - Decade Year End Charts". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[show]
v
t
e
Lil Jon
Studio albums
Get Crunk, Who U Wit: Da Album
We Still Crunk!!
Put Yo Hood Up
Kings of Crunk
Part II
Crunk Juice
Crunk Rock
Score
MTV VMA Score 2005
Singles
"Get Low"
"What U Gon' Do"
"Real Nigga Roll Call"
"Lovers & Friends"
"Snap Yo Fingers"
"Act a Fool"
"I Do"
"Give It All U Got"
"Ms. Chocolate"
"Hey"
"Turn Down for What"
"Bend Ova"
"Take It Off"
Featured singles
"Damn!"
"Salt Shaker"
"Shake That Monkey"
"Come Get Some"
"Yeah!"
"Culo"
"Let's Go"
"Real Gangstaz"
"That's Nasty"
"Toma"
"Girlfight"
"Okay"
"Bojangles (Remix)"
"Go to Church"
"Gangsta Gangsta"
"The Anthem"
"Get Buck in Here"
"Krazy"
"Let Me See the Booty"
"Patron Tequila"
"Shots"
"Do You Remember"
"Watagatapitusberry"
"Turbulence"
"Hard White (Up in the Club)"
"Bobble"
Related articles
Discography
Production discography
BME Recordings
Crunk Energy Drink
The Celebrity Apprentice 4
[show]
v
t
e
Ying Yang Twins
Studio albums
Thug Walkin'
Alley: The Return of the Ying Yang Twins
Me & My Brother
U.S.A. (United State of Atlanta)
Chemically Imbalanced
Ying Yang Forever
Remix albums
My Brother & Me
U.S.A. Still United
Mixtapes
The Official Work
Singles
"Salt Shaker"
"Wait (The Whisper Song)"
"Badd"
"Shake"
"Dangerous"
Featured singles
"Get Low"
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This page was last edited on 23 September 2017, at 14:02.
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