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Aravalli Range
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This article is about the mountain range in western India. For information about the district in Gujarat state, see Aravali district.
Aravalli Range
The Aravali Range in Rajasthan
Highest point
Peak
Guru Shikhar, Mount Abu
Elevation
1,722 m (5,650 ft)
Coordinates
24°35′33″N 74°42′30″E / 24.59250°N 74.70833°E / 24.59250; 74.70833
Dimensions
Length
692 km (430 mi)
Naming
Pronunciation
Hindustani pronunciation: [ aa ra vli]
Geography
Topographic map of India showing the range
Country
India
States
Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi and Gujarat
Region
North India, Western India
Settlement
Delhi, Gurugram, Mount Abu
Range coordinates
25°00′N 73°30′E / 25°N 73.5°E / 25; 73.5Coordinates: 25°00′N 73°30′E / 25°N 73.5°E / 25; 73.5
Rivers
Banas, Luni, Sakhi and Sabarmati
Geology
Orogeny
Aravalli-Delhi Orogen
Age of rock
Precambrian
Type of rock
Fold mountains from Plate tectonics
The Aravalli Range is a range of mountains running approximately 692 km (430 mi) in a northwest direction, starting in North India from Delhi and passing through southern Haryana,[1] through to Western India across the states of Rajasthan and ending in Gujarat.[2][3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Etymology
2 Natural History
2.1 Geology
2.2 Minerals
2.3 Mining
2.4 Geographical features
3 Human history
3.1 Early stone age
3.2 Mid-stone age
3.3 Post stone age
3.3.1 Ganeshwar sunari Cultural Complex
4 Environment
4.1 Climate
4.2 Rivers
5 Ecology
5.1 Flora
5.2 Fauna
5.3 Concerns
6 Economy
7 Tourism
8 Concerns
9 Gallery
10 See also
11 Further reading
11.1 External links
11.2 Books
12 References
Etymology[edit]
Aravalli, a composite Sanskrit word from "ara" and "vali", literally means the "line of peaks".[4][5]
Natural History[edit]
Geology[edit]
Main article: Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli Mountains
Map of prominent mountain ranges in India, showing Aravalli in north-west India
The Aravalli Range, an eroded stub of ancient mountains, is the oldest range of fold mountains in India.[6] The natural history of the Aravalli Range dates back to times when the Indian Plate was separated from the Eurasian Plate by an ocean. The Proterozoic Aravalli-Delhi orogenic belt in north west India is similar to the younger Himalayan-type orogenic belts of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic era (of the Phanerozoic) in terms of component parts and appears to have passed through a near-orderly Wilson supercontinental cycle of events. The range rose in a Precambrian event called the Aravalli-Delhi Orogen. The Aravalli Range is a northeast-southwest trending orogenic belt that is located in the northwestern part of Indian Peninsula. It is part of the Indian Shield that was formed from a series of cratonic collisions.[7] In ancient times, Aravalli were extremely high but since have worn down almost completely by millions of years of weathering, where as the Himalayas being young fold mountains are still continuously rising. Aravalli, being the old fold mountains, have stopped growing higher due to the cessation of upward thrust caused by the stopping of movement of the tectonic plates in the Earth's crust below them. The Aravalli Range joins two of the ancient earth's crust segments that make up the greater Indian craton, the Aravalli Craton which is the Marwar segment of earths crust to the northwest of the Aravalli Range, and the Bundelkand Craton segment of earths crust to the southeast of the Aravalli Range. Cratons, generally found in the interiors of tectonic plates, are old and stable parts of the continental lithosphere that has remained relatively undeformed during the cycles of merging and rifting of continents.
volcanic arc and geological process of undersea subduction during tactonic collusion
global convergent boundary of plate margins
It consists of two main sequences formed in Proterozoic eon, metasedimentary rock (sedimentary rocks metamorphised under pressure and heat without melting) and metavolcanic rock (metamorphised volcanic rocks) sequences of the Aravalli Supergroup and Delhi Supergroup. These two supergroups rest over the Archean Bhilwara Gneissic Complex basement, which is a gneissic (high-grade metamorphism of sedimentary or igneous rocks) basement formed during the archean eon 4 Ga ago. It started as an inverted basin, that rifted and pulled apart into granitoid basement, initially during Aravalli passive rifting around 2.5 to 2.0 Ga years ago and then during Delhi active rifting around 1.9 to 1.6 Ga years ago. It started with rifting of a rigid Archaean continent banded gneissic complex around 2.2 Ga with the coexisting formation of the Bhilwara aulacogen in its eastern part and eventual rupturing and separation of the continent along a line parallel to the Rakhabdev (Rishabhdev) lineament to the west, simultaneous development of a passive continental margin with the undersea shelf rise sediments of the Aravalli-Jharol belts depositing on the attenuated crust on the eastern flank of the separated continent, subsequent destruction of the continental margin by accretion of the Delhi island arc (a type of archipelago composed of an arc-shaped chain of volcanoes closely situated parallel to a convergent boundary between two converging tectonic plates) from the west around 1.5 Ga. This tectonic plates collision event involved early thrusting with partial obduction (overthrusting of oceanic lithosphere onto continental lithosphere at a convergent plate boundary) of the oceanic crust along the Rakhabdev lineament, flattening and eventual wrenching (also called strike-slip plate fault, side ways horizontal movement of colliding plates with no vertical motion) parallel to the collision zone. Associated mafic igneous rocks show both continental and oceanic tholeiitic geochemistry (magnesium and iron rich igneous rocks) from phanerozoic eon (541–0 million) with rift-related magmatic rock formations.[8]
The Aravalli-Delhi Orogen is an orogen event that led to a large structural deformation of the Earth's lithosphere (crust and uppermost mantle, such as Aravalli and Himalayas fold mountains) due to the interaction between tectonic plates when a continental plate is crumpled and is pushed upwards to form mountain ranges, and involve a great range of geological processes collectively called orogenesis.[9][10]
Minerals[edit]
The achean basement served as a rigid indentor which controlled the overall wedge shaped geometry of the orogen. Lithology of area shows that the base rocks of Aravalli are of Mewar Gneiss formed by high-grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally sedimentary rock with earliest life form that were formed during the archean eon, these contain fossils of unicellular organism such as green algae and cyanobacteria in stromatolitic carbonate ocean reefs formed during the paleoproterozoic era. Sedimentary exhalative deposits of base metal sulfide ores formed extensively along several, long, linear zones in the Bhilwara aulacogen or produced local concentration in the rifted Aravalli continental margin, where rich stromatolitic phosphorites also formed. Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli Mountains shows Mewar Geniss rocks are overlain by Delhi Supergroup type of rocks that also have post-Aravalli intrusions. Metal sulfide ores were formed in two different epocs, lead and zinc sulfide ores were formed in the sedimentary rocks around 1.8 Ga years ago during Paleoproterozoic phase. The tectonic setting of Zinc-lead-copper sulfides mineralization in Delhi supergroup rocks in Haryana-Delhi were formed in mantle plume volcanic action around 1 Ga years ago covering Haryana and Rajasthan during mesoproterozoic. In the southern part of Aravalli supergroup arc base metal sulfides were generated near the subduction zone on the western fringe and in zones of back-arc extension to the south-east. Continued subduction produced W-Sn (Tungsten-Tin) mineralisation in S-type (sedimentary unmetamorphosed rock) felsic (volcanic rock) plutons (underground crystallised solidified magma). This includes commercially viable quantities of minerals, such as rock phosphate, lead-zinc-silver mineral deposits at Zawar, Rikahbdev serpentinite, talc and pyrophyllite) and asbestos, apatite, kyanite and beryl.[11][12]
Mining[edit]
Mining of copper and other metals in the Aravalli range dates back to at least 5th century BC, based on carbon dating.[13][14] Recent research indicates that copper was already mined here during Sothi-Siswal period going back to c. 4000 BCE. Ancient Kalibangan and Kunal, Haryana settlements obtained copper here.[15]
Geographical features[edit]
See also: Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli Mountains § General formation
The Aravalli Range, seen from the range's highest point at Guru Shikhar, in Rajasthan.
The Aravalli Range can be divided into the following parts (north to south direction):
Archean basement, is a Banded Gneissic Complex (BGC) with schists (medium grade metamorphic rock), gneisses (high grade regional metamorphic rock), composite gneiss and quartzites. It forms the basement rock for both Delhi Supergroup and Aravalli Supergroup.
Delhi Supergroup
Alwar Group, with arenaceous and mafic volcanic rocks
Delhi Ridge, in north
Haryana Aravalli ranges, in the west
Tosham Hill range, basement rocks are quartzite with chiastolite, the upper layers of quartz porphyry ring dyke, felsite, welded tuff and muscovite biotite granite rocks have commercially nonviable tin, tungsten and copper.
Rajasthan Alwar range, in the east
Ajabgarh Group-Kumbhalgarh Group, with Carbonate, mafic volcanic and argillaceous rocks
Raialo Group, with Mafic volcanic and calcareous rocks
Aravalli Supergroup
Debari Group, with Carbonates, quartzite, and pelitic rocks
Jharol Group, with Turbidite facies and argillaceous rocks
The Delhi Ridge is the northernmost end of the Aravalli range, which begins in Central Delhi at Raisina hill. The ridge diagonally traverses to the South Delhi (hills of Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary), where at the hills of Bandhwari, it meets the Haryana Aravalli range consisting of various isolated hills and rocky ridges passing along the southern border of Haryana.[16]
The Aravalli supergroup passes through Rajasthan state, dividing it into two halves, with three-fifths of Rajasthan on the western side towards Thar Desert and two third on the eastern side consisting of the catchment area of Banas and Chambal rivers bordering the state of Madhya Pradesh. Guru Shikhar, the highest peak in the Aravalli Range at 5650 feet (1722 meters) in Mount Abu of Rajasthan, lies near the south-western extremity of the Central Aravalli range, close to the border with Gujarat state. The southern Aravalli Supergroup enters the northeast of Gujarat near Modasa where it lends its name to the Aravalli district, and ends at the center of the state at Palanpur near Ahmedabad.
Human history[edit]
The Aravalli Range has been site of three broad stages of human history, early stone age saw the use of flint stones; mid-stone age starting from 20,000 BP saw the domestication of cattle for agriculture; and post stone age starting from 10,000 BP saw the development of the Kalibangan civilization, 4,000 years old Aahar civilization and 2,800 years old Gneshwar civilization, Aarayan civilization and Vedic era civilizations.
Early stone age[edit]
Mid-stone age[edit]
Post stone age[edit]
Ganeshwar sunari Cultural Complex[edit]
Ganeshwar sunari Cultural Complex (GSCC) is a collection of third millennium BC settlements in the area of the Aravalli Hill Range. Among them, there are similarities in material culture, and in the production of copper tools. They are located near the copper mines.
"The GSCC is east of the Harappan culture, to the north-east of Ahar-Banas Complex, north/north west to the Kayatha Culture and at a later date, west of the OCP-Copper Hoard sites (Ochre Coloured Pottery culture-Copper Hoard Culture). Located within the regions of the Aravalli Hill Range, primarily along the Kantli, Sabi, Sota, Dohan and Bondi rivers, the GJCC is the largest copper producing community in third millennium BC South Asia, with 385 sites documented. Archaeological indicators of the GSCC were documented primarily in Jaipur, Jhunjhunu, and Sikar districts of Rajasthan, India ..."[17]
Among their pottery, we find the incised ware, and reserved slip ware.
There are two main type sites, Ganeshwar, and Sunari, in Tehsil Kot Putli, Jaipur District (Geo coordinates: N 27° 35' 51", 76° 06' 85" E).
Environment[edit]
A lake nested within Aravali Hills.
Climate[edit]
The Northern Aravalli range in Delhi and Haryana has humid subtropical climate and hot semi-arid climate continental climate with very hot summers and relatively cool winters.[18] The main characteristics of climate in Hisar are dryness, extremes of temperature, and scanty rainfall.[19] The maximum daytime temperature during the summer varies between 40 and 46 °C (104 and 115 °F). During winter, its ranges between 1.5 and 4 °C.[20]
The Central Aravalli range in Rajasthan has an arid and dry climate.
The Southern Aravalli range in Gujarat has a tropical wet and dry climate
Rivers[edit]
Following rivers flow from the Aravalli range.
North-to-south flowing rivers, originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, pass through the southeastern portion of the Thar Desert, and end into Gujarat.
Luni River, originates in the Pushkar valley near Ajmer, ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch.
Sakhi river, ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch.
Sabarmati River, originates one the western slopes of Aravalli range of the Udaipur District, end into the Gulf of Cambay of Arabian Sea.
West to north-west flowing rivers, originate from the western slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, flow through semi-arid historical Shekhawati region, drain into southern Haryana. Several Ochre Coloured Pottery culture sites, also identified as late Harappan phase of Indus Valley Civilisation culture,[21] has been found along the banks of these rivers.
Sahibi River, originates near Manoharpur in Sikar district flows through Haryana, along with its following tributaries:[22][23][24][25]
Dohan river, tributary of Sahibi river, originates near Neem Ka Thana in Alwar district).
Sota River, tributary of Sahibi river, merges with Sahibi river at Behror in Alwar district.
Krishnavati river, former tributary of Sahibi river, originates near near Dariba copper mines in Rajsamand district of Rajasthan, flows through Patan in Dausa district and Mothooka in Alwar district, then disappears in Mahendragarh district in Haryana much before reaching Sahibi river.
West to north-east flowing rivers, originating from the eastern slopes of Aravalli range in Rajasthan, flow northwards to Yamuna.
Chambal River, a southern-side tributary of Yamuna river.
Banas River, a northern-side tributary of Chambal river.
Berach River, a southern-side tributary of Banas River, originates in the hills of Udaipur District.
Ahar River, a right-side (or eastern side) tributary of the Berach river, originates in the hills of Udaipur District, flows through Udaipur city forming the famous Lake Pichola.
Wagli River, a right-side tributary of the Berach River.
Wagon River, a right-side tributary of the Berach River.
Gambhiri River, a right-side tributary of the Berach river.
Orai River, a right-side tributary of the Berach River.
Ecology[edit]
Flora[edit]
The Aravalli Range has several forests with a diversity of environment.[26]
Fauna[edit]
Ranthambore National Park, in Rajasthan.
The Aravalli Range is rich in wildlife. The first ever 2017 wildlife survey of 200 square meter area cross five districts (Gurgaon, Faridabad, Mewat, Rewari and Mahendergarh) of Haryana done by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII) found 14 species, including leopards, striped hyena (7 sightings), golden jackal (9 sightings, with 92% occupancy across the survey area), nilgai (55 sightings), palm civet (7 sightings), wild pig (14 sightings), rhesus macaque (55 sightings), peafowl (57 sightings) and Indian crested porcupine (12 sightings). Encouraged by first survey, wildlife department has prepared a plan for the comprehensive study and census of wildlife across the whole Aravalli range, including radio collar tracking of the wild animals.[26]
Concerns[edit]
In May 1992, some parts of the Aravalli hills in Rajasthan and Haryana were protected from mining through the Ecologically Sensitive Areas clauses of Indian laws. In 2003, the central government of India prohibited mining operations in these areas. In 2004, India's Supreme Court banned mining in the notified areas of Aravalli Range. In May 2009, the Supreme Court extended the ban on mining in an area of 448 km2 across the Faridabad, Gurgaon and Mewat districts in Haryana, covering the Aravalli Range.[27][28]
A 2013 report used high resolution Cartosat-1 & LISS-IV satellite imaging to determine the existence and condition of mines in the Aravalli Range. In the Guru Gram district, the Aravalli hills occupy an area of 11,256 hectares, of which 491 (4.36%) hectares had mines, of which 16 hectares (0.14%) were abandoned flooded mines. In the Faridabad and Mewat districts, about 3610 hectares were part of mining industry, out of a total of 49,300 hectares. These mines were primarily granite and marble quarries for India's residential and real estate construction applications.[29] In the Central Rajasthan region, Sharma states that the presence of some mining has had both positive and negative effects on neighboring agriculture and the ecosystem. The rain induced erosion brings nutrients as well as potential contaminants.[30]
Economy[edit]
The Aravali Range is the source area of many rivers, resulting in development of human settlements with sustainable economy since pre-historic times. The Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project, Western Dedicated Freight Corridor, Mumbai–Ahmedabad high-speed rail corridor, North Western Railway network, Jaipur-Kishangarh Expressway and Delhi-Jaipur Expressway, all run parallel to the length of the Aravalli Range providing an economic boost.[31]
Tourism[edit]
Aravali range is the home of several forests, wildlife and protected areas, UNESCO heritage listed forts, hundreds of rivers and ancient history to sustain a large tourism industry.
Concerns[edit]
Damage to the environment and ecology from the unorganised urbanisation, overexploitation of the natural resources including water and minerals, mining, untreated human waste and disposal, pollution, loss of forest cover and wildlife habitat, unprotected status of most of the Aravalli and the lack of an integrated Aravalli management agency are the major causes of concern.
Gallery[edit]
The Aravali Range inside Ranthambhore National Park, in Rajasthan.
Aravalli range near Udaipur Rajasthan
See also[edit]
Mountains portal
Environment portal
Ecology portal
Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary, Delhi
Aravali Biodiversity Park[disambiguation needed]
Arid Forest Research Institute
Hill Forts of Rajasthan
Pinangwan
Further reading[edit]
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aravalli Range.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Western India.
Aravali Range Homepage India Environment Portal]
Rainfall
Books[edit]
Watershed Management in Aravali Foothills, by Gurmel Singh, S. S. Grewal, R. C. Kaushal. Published by Central Soil & Water Conservation Research & Training Institute, 1990.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Aravalli Biodiversity Park, Gurgaon". Archived from the original on 2012-05-28.
Jump up ^ Kohli, M.S. (2004), Mountains of India: Tourism, Adventure, Pilgrimage, Indus Publishing, pp. 29–, ISBN 978-81-7387-135-1
Jump up ^ Dale Hoiberg; Indu Ramchandani (2000). "Aravali Range". Students' Britannica India. Popular Prakashan. pp. 92–93. ISBN 0-85229-760-2.
Jump up ^ George Smith (1882). The Geography of British India, Political & Physical. J. Murray. p. 23.
Jump up ^ "Aravali Range". Britannica.com.
Jump up ^ Roy, A. B. (1990). Evolution of the Precambrian crust of the Aravalli Range. Developments in Precambrian Geology, 8, 327-347.
Jump up ^ Mishra, D.C.; Kumar, M. Ravi. Proterozoic orogenic belts and rifting of Indian cratons: Geophysical constraints. Geoscience Frontiers. 2013 March. 5: 25–41.
Jump up ^ P. K. VermaR. O. Greiling, December 1995, "Tectonic evolution of the Aravalli orogen (NW India): an inverted Proterozoic rift basin?", Geologische Rundschau, Volume 84, Issue 4, pp 683–696.
Jump up ^ Tony Waltham (2009). Foundations of Engineering Geology (3rd ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 20. ISBN 0-415-46959-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Kearey; Keith A. Klepeis; Frederick J. Vine (2009). "Chapter 10: Orogenic belts". Global Tectonics (3rd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. p. 287. ISBN 1-4051-0777-4.
Jump up ^ M. Deb and Wayne David Goodfellow, 2004, "Sediment Hosted Lead-Zinc Sulphide Deposits", Narosa Publishing, pp 260.
Jump up ^ Naveed Qamar, "Indian shield rocks".
Jump up ^ SM Gandhi (2000) Chapter 2 – Ancient Mining and Metallurgy in Rajasthan, Crustal Evolution and Metallogeny in the Northwestern Indian Shield: A Festschrift for Asoke Mookherjee, ISBN 978-1842650011
Jump up ^ Shrivastva, R. (1999). Mining of copper in ancient India. Indian Journal of History of Science, 34, 173-180
Jump up ^ Jane McIntosh, The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives. Understanding ancient civilizations. ABC-CLIO, 2008 ISBN 1576079074 p77
Jump up ^ Bhuiyan, C., Singh, R. P., & Kogan, F. N. (2006). Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 8(4), 289-302
Jump up ^ Uzma Z. Rizvi (2010) Indices of Interaction: Comparisons between the Ahar-Banas and Ganeshwar Jodhpura Cultural Complex Archived May 9, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., in EASAA 2007: Special Session on Gilund Excavations, edited by T. Raczek and V. Shinde, pp. 51-61. British Archaeological Reports: ArchaeoPress
Jump up ^ "Climate of Hisar". PPU. Archived from the original on 5 May 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "Climate of Hisar". District Administration, Hisar. Retrieved 27 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "More snowfall in Himachal". The Hindu. Retrieved 24 March 2016.
Jump up ^ Gupta, S.P. (ed.) (1995), The lost Sarasvati and the Indus Civilization, Jodhpur: Kusumanjali Prakashan CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Cultural Contours of India: Dr. Satya Prakash Felicitation Volume, Vijai Shankar Śrivastava, 1981. ISBN 0391023586
Jump up ^ Sahibi river
Jump up ^ Google Books: Page 41, 42, 43, 44, 47 (b) Sahibi Nadi (River), River Pollution, By A.k.jain
Jump up ^ Minerals and Metals in Ancient India: Archaeological evidence, Arun Kumar Biswas, Sulekha Biswas, University of Michigan. 1996. ISBN 812460049X.
^ Jump up to: a b Aravalis in Gurugram, Faridabad core area for leopards, finds survey, The Times of India, 17 June 2017
Jump up ^ SC bans all mining activity in Aravali hills area of Haryana, May 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ Mission Green: SC bans mining in Aravali hills Hindustan Times, May 9, 2009.
Jump up ^ Rai and Kumar, MAPPING OF MINING AREAS IN ARAVALLI HILLS IN GURGAON, FARIDABAD & MEWAT DISTRICTS OF HARYANA USING GEO-INFORMATICS TECHNOLOGY, International Journal of Remote Sensing & Geoscience, Volume 2, Issue 1, Jan. 2013
Jump up ^ Sharma, K. C. (2003). Perplexities and Ecoremediation of Central Aravallis of Rajasthan. Environmental Scenario for 21st Century, ISBN 978-8176484183, Chapter 20
Jump up ^ Jha, Bagis, TNN. 195-km super expressway to link Delhi, Jaipur, [[The Economic Times], 21 March 2017, Accessed on 20 June 2017.
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text:
South Africa at the Rugby World Cup
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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South Africa have played at six of the eight Rugby World Cup tournaments, having been unable to compete in the first two tournaments due to a sports boycott during the apartheid era. Following the end of apartheid, they hosted the 1995 Rugby World Cup and won the tournament, and were champions again at the 2007 tournament in France. With two tournament wins, they are one of the three best performing teams, along with Australia who have also won twice, and New Zealand with three wins, the only team to do better.
Map of nations best results, excluding nations which unsuccessfully participated in qualifying tournaments.
England playing South Africa in the 2007 World Cup.
Contents
[hide]
1 By position
2 By matches
2.1 1995
2.1.1 Pool
2.1.2 Knock-out stages
2.2 1999
2.2.1 Pool
2.2.2 Knock-out stages
2.3 2003
2.3.1 Pool
2.3.2 Knock-out stages
2.4 2007
2.4.1 Pool
2.4.2 Knock-out stages
2.5 2011
2.5.1 Pool
2.5.2 Knockout Stages
2.5.3 Quarter-Final
2.6 2015
2.6.1 Pool
3 References
By position[edit]
South Africa was barred from the first two World Cups due to its controversial apartheid regime.
1987 Disallowed due to apartheid
1991 Disallowed due to apartheid
1995 Champions
1999 Third
2003 Eliminated in the quarter finals
2007 Champions
2011 Eliminated in the quarter finals
2015 Third
By matches[edit]
1995[edit]
Pool[edit]
1995-05-25
South Africa
27 – 18
Australia
Tries: Pieter Hendriks, Joel Stransky
Con: Joel Stransky
Pen: Joel Stransky (4)
Drop: Joel Stransky Tries: Phil Kearns, Michael Lynagh
Con: Michael Lynagh
Pen: Michael Lynagh
Newlands, Cape Town
Attendance: 51 000 (capacity)
Referee: Derek Bevan
1995-05-30
South Africa
21 – 8
Romania
Tries: Adriaan Richter (2)
Con: Gavin Johnson
Pen: Gavin Johnson (3) Tries: Andrei Guranescu
Pen: Ilie Ivancuic
Newlands, Cape Town
Attendance: 35 000
Referee: Ken McCartney
1995-06-03
South Africa
20 – 0
Canada
Tries: Adriaan Richter (2)
Con: Joel Stransky (2)
Pen: Joel Stransky (2)
Boet Erasmus Stadium, Port Elizabeth
Attendance: 31 000
Referee: David McHugh (Ireland)
Knock-out stages[edit]
Quarter-final
1995-06-10
South Africa
42 – 14
Western Samoa
Tries: Chester Williams (4), Chris Rossouw, Mark Andrews
Con: Gavin Johnson (3)
Pen: Gavin Johnson (2) Tries: Shem Tatupu, Toetu Nu'uali'itia
Con: Tupo Fa'amasin (2)
Ellis Park, Johannesburg
Attendance: 52 000
Referee: Jim Fleming
Semi-final
1995-06-17
South Africa
19 – 15
France
Tries: Ruben Kruger
Con: Joel Stransky
Pen: Joel Stransky (4) Pen: Thierry Lacroix (5)
Kings Park Stadium, Durban
Attendance: 50 000 (capacity)
Referee: Derek Bevan
Final
1995-06-24
South Africa
15 – 12 (a.e.t.)
New Zealand
Pen: Joel Stransky (3)
Drop: Joel Stransky (2) Pen: Andrew Mehrtens (3)
Drop: Andrew Mehrtens
Ellis Park, Johannesburg
Attendance: 65 000 (capacity)
Referee: Ed Morrison
1999[edit]
Pool[edit]
1999-10-03
Scotland
29 – 46
South Africa
Tries: Martin Leslie, Alan Tait
Con: Kenny Logan (2)
Pen: Kenny Logan (4)
Drop: Gregor Townsend Tries: Ollie Le Roux, Deon Kayser, Joost van der Westhuizen, Robbie Fleck, Andre Venter, Brendan Venter
Con: Jannie de Beer (5)
Pen: Jannie de Beer (2)
Murrayfield, Edinburgh
Referee: Colin Hawke
1999-10-10
South Africa
47 – 3
Spain
Tries: André Vos (2), Anton Leonard, Pieter Muller, Bob Skinstad, Werner Swanepoel
Con: Jannie de Beer (6) Pen: Ferran Velazco Querol
Murrayfield, Edinburgh
Referee: Paul Honiss
1999-10-15
South Africa
39 – 3
Uruguay
Tries: Albert van den Berg (2), Joost van der Westhuizen, Deon Kayser, Robbie Fleck
Con: Jannie de Beer (4)
Pen: Jannie de Beer (2) Pen: Diego Aguirre
Hampden Park, Glasgow
Referee: Peter Marshall
Knock-out stages[edit]
Quarter-final
1999-10-24
South Africa
44 – 21
England
Tries: Joost van der Westhuizen, Pieter Rossouw
Con: Jannie de Beer (2)
Pen: Jannie de Beer (5)
Drop: Jannie de Beer (5) Pen: Paul Grayson (6), Jonny Wilkinson
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 80,000
Referee: Jim Fleming
Semi-final
1999-10-30
South Africa
21 – 27
(a.e.t)
Australia
Pen: Jannie de Beer (6)
Drop: Jannie de Beer Pen: Matthew Burke (8)
Drop: Stephen Larkham
Twickenham, London
Attendance: 75,000
Referee: Derek Bevan
Third place play-off
1999-11-04
South Africa
22 – 18
New Zealand
Tries: Breyton Paulse
Con: Henry Honiball
Pen: Henry Honiball (3)
Drop goals: Percy Montgomery (2) Pen: Andrew Mehrtens (6)
Millennium Stadium, Cardiff
Attendance: 74,500
Referee: Peter Marshall
2003[edit]
Pool[edit]
2003-10-11
South Africa
72 – 6
Uruguay
Tries: van der Westhuizen (3), van Niekerk, Botha, Delport, Fourie, Bands, Rossouw, Scholtz, Greef
Con: Koen (5), Hougaard Pen: Aguirre (2)
Subiaco Oval, Perth
Attendance: 16,906
Referee: Paddy O'Brien
2003-10-18
South Africa
6 – 25
England
Pen: Koen (2) Tries: Greenwood
Con: Wilkinson
Pen: Wilkinson (4)
Drop: Wilkinson (2)
Subiaco Oval, Perth
Attendance: 38,834
Referee: Peter Marshall
2003-10-24
South Africa
46 – 19
Georgia
Tries: Rossouw (2), Hougaard, van Niekerk, Fourie, Botha, Burger
Con: Hougaard (4)
Pen: Hougaard Tries: Dadunashvili
Con: Jimsheladze
Pen: Jimsheladze (3), Kvirikashvili
Aussie Stadium, Sydney
Attendance: 34,308
Referee: Stuart Dickinson
2003-11-01
South Africa
60 – 10
Samoa
Tries: van Niekerk, Muller, Hougaard, Smith, Willemse, Fourie, van der Westhuyzen, de Kock
Con: Hougaard (5), Koen (2)
Pen: Hougaard
Drop: Hougaard Tries: Palepoi
Con: Va'a
Pen: Va'a
Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane
Attendance: 48,496
Referee: Chris White
Knock-out stages[edit]
Quarter-final
2003-11-08
New Zealand
29 – 9
South Africa
Tries: MacDonald 16' c
Mealamu 59' m
Rokocoko 72' m
Con: MacDonald
Pen: MacDonald (3)
Drop: Mauger 45' Pen: Hougaard (3)
Telstra Dome, Melbourne
Attendance: 40,734
Referee: Tony Spreadbury
2007[edit]
Pool[edit]
9 September 2007
16:00
South Africa
59 – 7
Samoa
Tries: Habana (4) 33' m, 56' c, 66' c, 76' m
Montgomery (2) 40+' c, 53' m
Fourie 47' c
JP Pietersen 80+' c
Con: Montgomery (5/8)
Pen: Montgomery (3/3) 3', 10', 15' Report Try: Williams 18' c
Con: Williams (1/1)
Parc des Princes, Paris
Attendance: 46,575
Referee: Paul Honiss
14 September 2007
21:00
England
0 – 36
South Africa
Report Tries: Smith 6' c
Pietersen (2) 38' c, 64' c
Con: Montgomery (3/3)
Pen: Steyn (1/1) 11'
Montgomery (4/4) 36', 46', 55', 79'
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 77,523
Referee: Joël Jutge
22 September 2007
14:00
South Africa
30 – 25
Tonga
Tries: Pienaar (2) 18' c, 65' m
Smith 59' c
Skinstad 62' m
Con: Pretorius (1/1)
Montgomery (1/3)
Pen: Steyn (1/1) 54'
Montgomery (1/1) 76' Report Tries: Pulu 44' c
Hufanga 70' m
Vaki 72' c
Con: Hola (2/3)
Pen: Hola (2/3) 9', 78'
Stade Félix Bollaert, Lens
Attendance: 40,069
Referee: Wayne Barnes
30 September 2007
20:00
South Africa
64 – 15
United States
Tries: Burger 10' c
Steyn 28' c
Habana (2) 35' c, 42' m
van der Linde 48' c
du Preez 54' c
Fourie (2) 64' c, 73' c
Smith 77' c
Con: Montgomery (6/7)
James (2/2)
Pen: Montgomery (1/1) 17' Report Tries: Ngwenya 39' c
Wyles 51' m
Con: Hercus (1/2)
Pen: Hercus (1/1) 20'
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier
Attendance: 28,750
Referee: Tony Spreadbury
Knock-out stages[edit]
Quarter-final
7 October 2007
15:00
South Africa
37 – 20
Fiji
Tries: Fourie 13' m
Smit 35' m
Pietersen 51' c
Smith 70' c
James 80' c
Con: Montgomery (3/5)
Pen: Steyn (1/1) 8'
Montgomery (1/2) 63' Report Tries: Delasau 57' c
Bobo 59' c
Con: Bai (2/2)
Pen: Bai (2/2) 26', 44'
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille
Attendance: 55,943
Referee: Alan Lewis (Ireland)
Semi-final
14 October 2007
21:00
South Africa
37 – 13
Argentina
Tries: du Preez 7' c
Habana (2) 32' c, 76' c
Rossouw 40' c
Con: Montgomery (4/4)
Pen: Montgomery (3/3) 17', 71', 75' Report Try: M. Contepomi 45' c
Con: F. Contepomi (1/1)
Pen: F. Contepomi (2/4) 15', 30'
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 77,055
Referee: Steve Walsh
Final
Main article: 2007 Rugby World Cup Final
20 October 2007
21:00
England
6 – 15
South Africa
Pen: Wilkinson (2/2) 13', 44' Report Pen: Montgomery (4/4) 7', 16', 40', 51'
Steyn (1/2) 62'
Stade de France, Saint-Denis
Attendance: 80,430
Referee: Alain Rolland (Ireland)
2011[edit]
Pool[edit]
2011-09-11
South Africa
17 – 16
Wales
Tries: F. Steyn,
Hougaard
Con: M. Steyn (2)
Pen: M. Steyn (Report) Tries: Faletau
Con: Hook
Pen: Hook (3)
Westpac Stadium, Wellington
Attendance: 33,331
Referee: Wayne Barnes
2011-09-17
South Africa
49 – 3
Fiji
Tries: Steenkamp
Fourie
F. Steyn
M. Steyn
Mtawarira
Rossouw
Con: M. Steyn
Pen: M. Steyn, F. Steyn (Report) Pen: Bai
Westpac Stadium, Wellington
Attendance: 33,262
Referee: Romain Poite
2011-09-22
South Africa
87 – 0
Namibia
Tries: Aplon (2),
Habana,
Fourie,
F. Steyn,
M. Steyn,
de Jongh (2),
Hougaard (2)
Con: M. Steyn,
Pienaar
Pen: M. Steyn (Report)
North Harbour Stadium, Auckland
Attendance: 26,839
Referee: George Clancy (Ireland)
2011-09-30
South Africa
13 – 5
Samoa
Tries: Habana
Con: M. Steyn (2)
Pen: M. Steyn,
F. Steyn (Report) Tries: Stowers
North Harbour Stadium, Auckland
Attendance: 29,734
Referee: Nigel Owens
Knockout Stages[edit]
Quarter-Final[edit]
2011-10-09
South Africa
9 – 11
Australia
Pen: M. Steyn (2),
Drop: M. Steyn (Report) Tries: Horwill,
Pen: O'Connor (2)
Regional Stadium, Wellington
Attendance: 29,734
Referee: Bryce Lawrence
2015[edit]
Pool[edit]
2015-09-19
South Africa
32 – 34
Japan
Tries: Francois Louw 18'c
Bismarck du Plessis 33'm
Lood de Jager 44'c
Adriaan Strauss 62'c
Con:Pat Lambie (2/3) 19' 45'
Handre Pollard (1/1) 63'
Pen:Pat Lambie (1/1) 57'
Handre Pollard (1/1) 73' Tries:
Brighton Community Stadium, Brighton
Attendance: 29,290
Referee: Jerome Garces
2015-09-26
South Africa
46 – 6
Samoa
Tries: Pen:
Villa Park, Birmingham
2015-10-03
South Africa
34 –16
Scotland
Tries:
St. James' Park, Newcastle
2015-10-07
South Africa
64 – 0
United States
Tries: Tries:
Olympic Stadium, London
2015-10-17
South Africa
23 – 19
Wales
Tries: F.du Preez
Pen: H.Pollard (6/8)
Pen: D.Biggar(2/3)
Tries: G.Davies
Con:Dan Biggar
Twickenham
Referee: Wayne Barnes
References[edit]
Davies, Gerald (2004) The History of the Rugby World Cup (Sanctuary Publishing Ltd, (ISBN 1860746020)
Farr-Jones, Nick, (2003). Story of the Rugby World Cup, Australian Post Corporation, (ISBN 0-642-36811-2)
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Moran (surname)
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Moran
Family name
Meaning
"the big or great chieftain"
Region of origin
Ireland
Related names
Ó Móráin
Moran (Irish: Ó Móráin) is a modern Irish surname and derived from membership of a medieval dynastic sept. The name means a descendent of Mórán. “Mor” in Gaelic translates as big or great and “an” as the prefix the. Morans were a respected sept of the Uí Fiachrach dynasty in the western counties of Mayo and Sligo. In Ireland, where the name descended from the Gaelic, it is generally pronounced /ˈmɒrən/ MORR-ən[1] anglicised approximate of the Irish pronunciation.
Elsewhere, pronunciation follows the French surname, Morant, anglicised to /məˈræn/ mə-RAN or /mɒˈræn/ morr-AN.[1][2] There are many different crests of Moran, many bearing three stars and the motto Lucent in tenebris, Latin for "They shine in darkness".[3] Another crest, attributed to the family of a Moran family living in Ballina, County Mayo, is described thus: "Azure on a mount proper, two lions combatant or, holding between them a flagstaff also proper, therefrom a flag argent; a crest: out of amural crown, a demi-saracen, head in profile, all proper; and a motto: 'Fides non timet.'" (This motto translates as "Faith does not fear" or "The Faithful Fear Not".)[4][5][6]
The majority bearers of this surname in County Mayo are descended from the Ó Móráin sept whose ancient kingdom was in north Mayo, surrounding the modern town of Ballina. Following the Norman invasion, their territory was usurped by the Barretts and Burkes and the sept lost its central organisation. The modern distribution of the surname within Mayo suggests that the Morans spread southwards and today are chiefly found in the central area of the county, particularly in the barony of Carra.
Contents
[hide]
1 People named Moran
2 Fictional characters
3 See also
4 References
People named Moran[edit]
Bill Moran (disambiguation)
Brad Moran (AFL) (born 1986), Australian rules football player
Brian Moran (born 1959), American politician
Bugs Moran (1891–1957), Chicago prohibition-era gangster
Caitlin Moran (born 1975), British writer and journalist
Charles Moran (baseball) (1879–1934), American baseball player
Charley Moran (1878–1949), American baseball player and football coach
Chris Moran (1956–2010), Royal Air Force officer
Chris Moran (ice hockey) (born 1987), American ice hockey player
Colin Moran (disambiguation)
Crissy Moran (born 1975), American former pornographic actress & model
Daniel Keys Moran (born 1962), American computer programmer and science fiction writer
David Moran (disambiguation)
Denis Moran (Gaelic footballer) (born 1956), Irish Gaelic football player
Dennis Moran (computer criminal) (1982–2013), American computer
Dennis Moran (rugby league) (born 1977), British rugby league
Diana Moran (born 1939), British model, fitness expert and journalist
Dolores Moran (1926–1982), American film actress and model
Dov Moran (born c.1956), Israeli engineer, inventor and businessman
Dylan Moran (born 1971), Irish comedian, writer, actor and film-maker
Earl Moran (1893–1984), American pin-up and glamour artist
Edward Moran (disambiguation)
Ellen Moran (born 1967), American politician
Emilio Moran, American anthropologist
Erin Moran (1960–2017), American actress
Frank Moran (1887–1967), American boxer and film actor
Gayle Moran (fl. 1970s), British musician
Gussie Moran (1923–2013), American tennis player
Hap Moran (1901–1994), American professional football player
Herbert Moran (1885–1945), Australian rugby union player
Ian Moran (born 1972), American professional ice hockey player
Ian Moran (born 1979), Australian cricketer
Jack Moran (disambiguation)
Jackie Moran (1923–1990), American movie actor
James Moran (disambiguation)
Jason Moran (1967–2003), Australian criminal
Jason Moran (musician) (born 1975), American jazz pianist
Jerry Moran (born 1954), United States Senator from Kansas
Jim Moran (disambiguation)
Joe Moran, British social and cultural historian
John Moran (disambiguation)
Judy Moran (born 1944), matriarch of Australian criminal family
Julie Moran (born 1962), American television personality
Kenneth Moran (c. 1919–1946), New Zealand boxer
Kevin Moran (disambiguation)
Lewis Moran (1941–2004), Australian criminal
Lindsay Moran (born 1969), American former Central Intelligence Agency officer, now a writer
Lois Moran (1909–1990), American actress
Malcolm Moran, American sports writer
Margaret Moran (born 1955), British politician
Margarita Moran-Floirendo (born 1953), Filipino former Miss Universe, peace advocate
Mark Moran (disambiguation)
Matt Moran, Australian chef
Mayo Moran (born 1959), dean of the Faculty of Law of the University of Toronto
Michael Moran (disambiguation)
Michelle Moran (born 1980), American novelist
Mike Moran (music producer) (born 1948), English keyboard musician and producer
Montgomery Moran (born 1966), American businessman (co-CEO - Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc.)
Nancy Moran, American singer and songwriter
Nick Moran (born 1968), British actor
Paddy Moran (disambiguation)
Pat Moran (disambiguation)
Patrick Moran (disambiguation)
Paul Moran (disambiguation)
Pauline Moran (born 1947), English actress
Peggy Moran (1918–2002), American film actress
Percy Moran (1862–1935), American artist
Peter K. Moran (1767–1831), Irish composer and pianist
Polly Moran (1883–1952), American actress and comedian
Rachel Moran (born 1976), Irish feminist activist and author
Reid Venable Moran (1916–2010), American botanist and museum curator
Richard Moran (disambiguation)
Robert Moran (born 1937), American composer
Robert Moran (shipbuilder) (1857–1943), American shipbuilder
Rocky Moran (born 1950), American race car driver
Roger Moran, British hillclimb driver
Ronnie Moran (1934–2017), British football coach
Sam Moran (born 1978), Australian entertainer
Sean Moran (born 1973), American football player
Shawn Moran (born 1961), American speedway rider
Simon Moran, British concert promoter
Shlomo Moran (born 1947), Israeli computer scientist
Steve Moran (born 1961), English football player
Terry Moran (born 1959), American journalist
Terry Moran (public servant) (born 1947), senior official in the Australian Public Service
Thomas Moran (disambiguation)
Tom Moran (disambiguation)
Tony Moran, American remixer, producer and singer-songwriter
Tony Moran (actor) (born 1957), American actor and producer
William Joseph Moran (1906–1996), American Roman Catholic bishop
William L. Moran (1921–2000), American Assyriologist
Fictional characters[edit]
Alex Moran, principal character in the Spike TV series Blue Mountain State
Blake Moran, main character of the TV series Madam Secretary who is also played by a Jewish actor.
Jacques Moran, second narrator and seeker of the eponymous Molloy in the novel by Samuel Beckett
Lucy Moran, character in Twin Peaks
Michael Moran, the central character in John McGahern's novel Amongst Women
Moran, a female Irish Quidditch player in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
Pamela Moran, a main character from the TV series Army Wives
Sebastian Moran, Moriarty's henchman in the Sherlock Holmes short story "The Adventure of the Empty House"
Summer Moran, a recurring character in Clive Cussler's novels featuring Dirk Pitt
Simon Moran, a main character in "The Returned" series.
See also[edit]
Moeran
Moran family
Morán
Fernando Morán (disambiguation)
Morin (disambiguation)
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Jones, Daniel; Gimson, Alfred C. (1977) [1917]. Everyman's English Pronunciation Dictionary. Everyman's Reference Library (14 ed.). London: J. M. Dent & Sons. ISBN 0-460-03029-9.
Jump up ^ Etymology of Last Names
Jump up ^ Motto and Crest
Jump up ^ http://genforum.genealogy.com/moran/messages/1264.html
Jump up ^ http://www.irishgathering.ie/clan_info.asp?clanID=843
Jump up ^ http://celticowboy.com/Appiii.htm
This page lists people with the surname Moran. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Moran_(surname)&oldid=805989723"
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