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Prime Minister of Pakistan
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Prime Minister of the
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
وزیر اعظم
Standard of the Prime Minister of Pakistan
Incumbent
Shahid Khaqan Abbasi
since 1 August 2017
Style
His Excellency
(diplomatic)
Mr. Prime Minister
(informal)
Honourable Prime Minister
(formal)
Member of
Cabinet
Common Interests Council
National Assembly
Reports to
President
Residence
Prime Minister's Office
Seat
Islamabad
Appointer
ECP:
by a Convention that is held in the National Assembly, based on appointee's ability to command confidence among the majority of the members.
Term length
5 years.
Inaugural holder
Liaquat Ali Khan
(1947–1951)
Formation
14 August 1947; 70 years ago (1947-08-14)
Website
www.pmo.gov.pk/
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The Prime Minister of Pakistan (Urdu: وزِیرِ اعظم — Wazīr-ē Aʿẓam, Urdu pronunciation: [ʋəˈziːr-ˌeː ˈɑː.zəm]; lit. "Grand Vizier"), is the head of government of Pakistan and designated as the "chief executive of the Republic".[1][2] The Prime Minister leads the executive branch of the government, oversees the economic growth, leads the National Assembly, heads the Council of Common Interests as well as the Cabinet, and is vested with the command authority over the nuclear arsenals.[3][4][5]
This position places its holder in leadership of the nation and in control over all matters of internal and foreign policy.[6] The last holder of this position was Nawaz Sharif who was disqualified by the Supreme Court.[7] He was replaced by Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi. The Prime Minister is elected by the members of the National Assembly and therefore is usually the leader of the majority party in the parliament. The Constitution of Pakistan vests the executive powers in the Prime Minister, who is responsible for appointing the Cabinet as well as running the executive branch, taking and authorising executive decisions, appointments and recommendations that require executive confirmation of the Prime Minister.[2]
Constitutionally, the Prime Minister serves as the chief adviser to President of Pakistan on critical matters and plays an influential role in appointment in each branch of the military leadership as well as ensuring the control of the military through chairman joint chiefs.[8][9] Powers of the Prime Minister have significantly grown with a delicate system of the check and balance by each branch.[10] The position was absent during years of 1960–73 and 1977–85 due to imposed martial law. In each of these periods, the military junta led by the President had the powers of the Prime Minister.[11]
Contents
[hide]
1 Constitutional law
1.1 Role and powers of the Prime minister
1.2 Eligibility
1.3 Selection and removal
1.4 Oath of office
2 Past Prime Ministers
2.1 Chronological list of Prime Ministers with tenure
3 History
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
Constitutional law[edit]
The Constitution envisages a scheme of affairs in which the President of Pakistan is the head of state who represents the "unity of the Republic." The system of government in Pakistan is based on codified constitution which sees the Prime Minister as "chief executive of the Republic."
Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Federation shall be exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and the Federal Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall be the chief executive of the Federation."
—  Article 90(1) in Chapter 3: The Federal Government of Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan, source[12]
In addition, the Prime Minister is also the chairman of the Council of Common Interests as set by:
(1) There shall be a Council of Common Interests, in this Chapter referred to as the Council, to be appointed by the President
(2) The Council shall consist of-
(a) the Prime Minister who shall be the Chairman of the Council;
(b) the Chief Ministers of the Provinces;
(c) three members from the Federal Government to be nominated by the Prime Minister from time to time.
—  Article 153 in Chapter 3: Special Provisions of Part V: Relations between Federation and Provinces in the Constitution of Pakistan, source[13]
As in most of the parliamentary democracies, a head of state's duties are mostly ceremonial. The Prime Minister of Pakistan is the head of government and has the responsibility for executive power. With Pakistan following a parliamentary system of government, the Prime minister is generally the leader of a party (or coalition of parties) that has a majority in the National Assembly —the lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan. The Prime minister, in common with all other ministers, either has to be a current member of National Assembly, or be elected within six months of being appointed.[12]
Role and powers of the Prime minister[edit]
Prime Minister's Office in Islamabad– the principal workplace of the Prime Minister.
The official residence and principal workplace of the Prime Minister is the Prime Minister's Office located in northeast Islamabad. The Prime Minister is the Chief Executive who heads and exercises the authority of the Government of Pakistan. After obtaining a vote of confidence, the Prime Minister is invited by the President to take the oath of office and form the government.[12] In practice, the Prime Minister nominates the members of the Cabinet who supervise the important functions and ministries of the Government of Pakistan.[12] In addition, the Prime Minister communicates to the President all decisions of the Cabinet relating to the administration of affairs of state and proposals for legislation.[14]
The Prime Minister, in consultation with the Cabinet, schedules and attends the sessions of the Parliament and is required to answer questions from Members of Parliament to the ministers.
Some specific ministries/department are not allocated to anyone in the cabinet but the prime minister himself. The prime minister is usually always in-charge/Chairman of:
Planning Commission
National Command Authority
National Security Council
Economic Coordination Committee
Cabinet Committee on National Security
The Prime minister is vested with command authority over the Pakistani nuclear arsenals and represents the country in various delegations, high-level meetings and international organisations that require the attendance of the highest government office and also addresses the nation on various issues of national importance.[5]
Eligibility[edit]
The Constitution of Pakistan requires that the Prime Minister be a member of the National Assembly.[15] As well as this, one must:
be a citizen of Pakistan.
be a Muslim
be above 35 years of age
be able to prove good conduct of character and be not commonly known to violate Islamic injunctions
have adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practice obligatory duties prescribed by Islam, as well as abstaining from major sins
have not, after the establishment of Pakistan, worked against the integrity of the country or opposed the ideology of Pakistan.
Selection and removal[edit]
The candidates for the prime minister are members of the National Assembly or Senate who were chosen through direct elections by popular vote following campaigning on the party platforms.[16] Usually, the leader of the majority party in the parliament retains the office of prime minister, and forms the government either by coalition or by simple majority.[17] The candidate must retain the vote of confidence of the members of the parliament before being invited by the President to form the government.[12]
The Prime Minister can be removed before the expiry of the term through a vote of no confidence in the parliament.[12] If the vote of no confidence is passed by the National Assembly by not less than 20%, the Prime Minister ceases to retain the office.[12] In the past, prime ministers (and their governments) have been dismissed by the President exercising the VIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (1985), but this was repealed by the XVIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (2010).[18][19] In addition, the Prime Minister himself has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during the term of his office.[20]
In 2012, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has ceased at least one Prime Minister from retaining the office due to contempt of court after retroactively disqualifying the membership of the parliament permanently.[21][22]
On 28 July 2017, the Supreme Court of Pakistan disqualified the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif from retaining the office due to his failure in fulfilling the eligibility requirements as enshrined in Articles 62 of the Constitution. This was in the aftermath of the Supreme Court hearing regarding the Panama Papers Case. This also resulted in him being permanently disqualified from membership of the parliament.[23]
The prime minister is elected by the National Assembly.[24] The National Assembly meets on the twenty-first day after a general election (at least every five years) unless the President calls for a vote of no confidence. Whichever member of the National assembly is chosen serves as the Prime Minister until the next election or until he fails to maintain the confidence of the National Assembly.
91. The Cabinet:
(1) There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Prime Minister at its head, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions.
(2) The National Assembly shall meet on the twenty-first day following the day on which a general election to the Assembly is held unless sooner summoned by the President.
(3) After the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the National Assembly shall, to the exclusion of any other business, proceed to elect without debate one of its Muslim members to be the Prime Minister.
(4) The Prime Minister shall be elected by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the National Assembly:
Provided that, if no member secures such majority in the first poll, a second poll shall be held between the members who secure the two highest numbers of votes in the first poll and the member who secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting shall be declared to have been elected as Prime Minister:
Provided further that, if the number of votes secured by two or more members securing the highest number of votes is equal, further poll shall be held between them until one of them secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting.
(5) The member elected under clause (4) shall be called upon by the President to assume the office of Prime Minister and he shall, before entering upon the office, make before the President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule:
Provided that there shall be no restriction on the number of terms for the office of the Prime Minister.
Oath of office[edit]
The Prime Minister is required to make and subscribe to, in the presence of the President, an oath or affirmation that they shall protect, preserve and defend the Constitution as follows:
I, ____________, do swear solemnly that l am a Muslim and believe in the Unity and Oneness of Almighty Allah, the Books of Allah, the Holy Qura'an being the last of them, the Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last of the Prophets and that there can be no Prophet after him, the Day of Judgment, and all the requirements and teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah:
That I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan:
That, as Prime Minister of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, hon-estly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan:
That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan:
That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions:
That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan:
That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill- will:
And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Prime Minister except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Prime Minister.
May Allah Almighty help and guide me (A'meen).
—  Article 91 in Chapter 3: The Federal Governmentin Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan
Past Prime Ministers[edit]
Chronological list of Prime Ministers with tenure[edit]
Main article: List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan
Living former prime ministers
Z.K. Jamali
(PML-Q)
17th, served 2002–2004
(1944-01-01) January 1, 1944 (age 74)
Shujaat Hussain
(PML-Q)
18th (interim), served 2004
(1946-01-27) January 27, 1946 (age 72)
Shaukat Aziz
(PML-Q)
19th, served 2004–2007
(1949-03-06) March 6, 1949 (age 69)
M.M. Soomro
(PML-Q)
20th (Interim), served 2007–2008
(1950-08-19) August 19, 1950 (age 67)
Yousaf Raza Gillani
(PPP)
21st, served 2008-2012
(1952-07-09) July 9, 1952 (age 65)
Nawaz Sharif
(PML-N)
13th, served 1990-93, 1993, 1997-99, 2013-17
(1949-12-25) December 25, 1949 (age 68)
History[edit]
Liaquat Ali Khan (1889–1951).
The office was created on immediate effect after the partition and the establishment of Pakistan in 1947; the Prime Minister existed alongside the Governor-General who was the representative of English Monarchy. The first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, exercised central executive powers until his assassination in 1951.[25] However, the powers slowly began to be reduced as a result of constant intervention by the Governor-General. Despite the first set of the Constitution giving central power in 1956, the next six prime ministers were dismissed by the Governor-General from 1951 till 1957. In addition, the first set of the Constitution had evolved the Governor-General into the President of Pakistan whilst declaring the country as "Islamic republic".[26][27] In 1958, President Iskandar Mirza dismissed the seventh prime minister to impose martial law in a mere two weeks, President Mirza was ousted by army chief General Ayub Khan who had for a brief period held the post of Prime Minister.
In 1962, the second set of the Constitution completely dissolved the office of prime minister as all powers were transferred to the President of Pakistan.[27][28] Criticism over the presidency after the presidential election held in 1965 over the centralizing of powers. After the general elections held in 1970, the office was established with Nurul Amin becoming the Prime Minister who was also the Vice-President. Negotiations that fall apart between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Mujibur Rehman, and Yahya Khan that prompted to liberation movement in the East Pakistan. With India intervening in East Pakistan and Pakistan conceding defeat to end the war led to the collapse of the presidential system in 1971.
As the comprehensive Constitution reinstated in 1973, the post was reestablished with more central powers as the constitution provided a parliamentary system with President of Pakistan as figurehead.[29] Amid agitation instigated by the right-wing alliance invited the military intervention in 1977 which suspended the post.
The general elections held in 1985 restored the post, with Muhammad Junejo becoming the Prime Minister. Later that year, the National Assembly passed the controversial eighth amendment to the Constitution, giving the President the power to dismiss the Prime Minister and the National Assembly without prior consultation.[30] The general elections in 1988 resulted in the Pakistan Peoples Party's Benazir Bhutto becoming the first woman Prime Minister elected in a Muslim country.[31]
From 1988 to 1993, the power struggle between the Prime Minister and Presidency continued with President dismissing the National Assembly on three different occasions. At the 1997 elections, the PML(N) secured a two-thirds majority in the Parliament and drafted the XIII and XIV Amendments to reverse the eighth amendment to the Constitution; this allowed Nawaz Sharif to centralize more executive powers.[32] After the draw down of civil-military relations in 1999, Chairman joint chiefs General Pervez Musharraf staged a coup d'état against the PML(N)'s government and held nationwide elections in 2002.[33]
With no party gaining a majority, a coalition was formed with the PML(Q) – a breakaway of the PML(N) and a pro-Musharraf party – leading with MQM. After some political wrangling, Zafarullah Jamali became the Prime Minister, and passed the XVII amendment which partially restored the power of the President to dissolve the National Assembly, but made the dissolution subject to the Supreme Court of Pakistan's approval.[34]
Over the authority issues,[clarification needed] Prime Minister Jamali resigned in 2004 and Shaukat Aziz was eventually appointed as Prime Minister, securing 151 out of 191 votes in the National Assembly.[35] The XVII amendment featured a semi-presidential system allowing the presidency to keep the interference[clarification needed] executive and the judiciary.[34] The general elections in 2008 resulted in the PPP coming to power and supporting the movement to oust Pervez Musharraf.[36] A populist intellectual movement leading to the departure of Pervez Musharraf] allowed Asif Zardari to become President. In 2010, the XVIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed to reverse the XVII amendment; it returned the country to being a parliamentary democratic republic. In addition, the XVIII Amendment removed all powers of the presidency to dissolve the Parliament unilaterally and sweep away the powers amassed by the former presidents Pervez Musharraf and Zia-ul-Haq to maintain a delicate check and balance.[37]
Following a contempt of court case, the Supreme Court permanently disqualified Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gillani.[38] Originally, the PPP nomination was Makhdoom Shahbuddin,[39] but he was forced to withdraw after the ANF issued non-bailable arrest warrants against him.[40] Raja Pervaiz Ashraf became the Prime Minister and remained in office until 2013.[40][41][42][10] The general election held in 2013 saw the PML(N) almost achieve a supermajority. Following this, Nawaz Sharif was elected as Prime Minister, returning to the post for the third time after a fourteen-year absence, in a democratic transition. In 2017, Sharif was forced to step down as the prime minister following corruption charges against him.
See also[edit]
Government of Pakistan portal
Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of Pakistan
Air transports of heads of state and government
Deputy Prime Minister of Pakistan
List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Article 90(1) in Chapter 3: The Federal Government, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
^ Jump up to: a b "Prime minister". BBC News. 16 October 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Article 91(1) in Chapter 3: The Federal Government, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 153(2a)-153(2c) in Chapter 3: Special Provisions, Part V: Relations between Federation and Provinces in the Constitution of Pakistan.
^ Jump up to: a b Govt. of Pakistan (3 March 2010). "The National Command Authority Act, 2010" (PDF). Islamabad: National Assembly press. National Assembly press. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
Jump up ^ et. al (2012). Pakistan Country Study Guide Strategic Information and Developments. Intl Business Pubns USA. ISBN 1438775253.
Jump up ^ Masood, Salman. "Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif of Pakistan Is Ordered Removed". New York Times. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Article 243(2)) in Chapter 2: The Armed Forces. Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Article 46 in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
^ Jump up to: a b "Pakistan Supreme Court orders arrest of PM Raja Pervez Ashraf". BBC. 15 January 2013.
Jump up ^ Singh, R.S.N. (2008). The military factor in Pakistan. New Delhi: Frankfort, IL. ISBN 0981537898.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "Chapter 3: "The Federal Government" of Part III: "The Federation of Pakistan"". www.pakistani.org.
Jump up ^ "Chapter 3: "Special Provisions" of Part V: "Relations between Federation and Provinces"". pakistani.org.
Jump up ^ Article 46(a) in Chapter 1: The President in Part III: The Federation of Pakistan of the Constitution of Pakistan
Jump up ^ "Chapter 2: "Majlis-e-Shoora (Parliament)" of Part III: "The Federation of Pakistan"". www.pakistani.org.
Jump up ^ Hanif, Mohammad (13 May 2013). "Pakistan elections: how Nawaz Sharif beat Imran Khan and what happens next". The Guardians, Pakistan Bureau. The Guardians. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Boone, Jon (17 May 2013). "Nawaz Sharif: rightwing tycoon who has won over liberals – for now". The Guardians. The Guardians. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Aziz, Mazhar (2007). The Military Control In Pakistan: The Parallel State. United States: Routledge. ISBN 1134074107. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Omar, Imtiaz (2002). Emergency powers and the courts in India and Pakistan. England: Kluwer Law International. ISBN 904111775X.
Jump up ^ Article 248(1) in Chapter 4: constitutionGeneral of Part XII: Miscellaneous in the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Walsh, declan (19 June 2012). "Political Instability Rises as Pakistani Court Ousts Premier". New York Times, Pakistan Bureau. New York Times. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Nauman, Qaiser (19 June 2012). "Pakistan Supreme Court disqualifies prime minister". Reuters, Pakistan Bureau. Reuters. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan Supreme Court disqualifies prime minister". Dawn. Dawn. 28 July 2017. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
Jump up ^ Article 91 in Chapter 3: of the Constitution of Pakistan.
Jump up ^ Mughal, M Yakub. "Special Edition (Liaqat Ali Khan)". The News International. Daily Jang. Archived from the original on 21 January 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Constitution of 1956". Story of Pakistan. 1 June 2003. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Nagendra Kr. Singh (2003). Encyclopaedia of Bangladesh. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 9–10. ISBN 978-81-261-1390-3.
Jump up ^ "The Constitution of 1962". Story of Pakistan. 1 June 2003. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "The Constitution of Pakistan". infopak.gov.pk. Archived from the original on 9 November 2007. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Dossani, Rafiq; Rowen, Henry S. (2005). Prospects for Peace in South Asia. Stanford University Press. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-0-8047-5085-1.
Jump up ^ "Benazir Bhutto Becomes Prime Minister". Story of Pakistan. 1 June 2003. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Akbar, M.K. "Pakistan Under Navaz Sharif". Pakistan Today. New Delhi, India: Mittal Publications. p. 230. ISBN 81-7099-700-3. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan after the coup: Special report". BBC News. 12 Oct 2000. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Seventeenth Amendment 2003". Story of Pakistan. 1 June 2004. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Shaukat Aziz profile from BBC". BBC News. 19 Aug 2004. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Yousaf Raza Gillani profile from BBC". BBC News. 19 Jun 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan" (PDF). National Assembly of Pakistan. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Pak SC disqualifies Gilani; new PM to be selected soon". Hindustan Times. 19 June 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Pakistan Peoples Party nominates Makhdoom Shahbuddin as new PM". The Times of India. 20 June 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Nabi, Muhammad (22 June 2012). "Raja Pervez Ashraf nominated new Prime Minister of Pakistan". Business Recorder. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Jump up ^ "Raja Pervez Ashraf declared new Pakistani PM". The Dawn. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "PPP nominates Raja Pervez Ashraf as new Pakistan PM". The Times of India. 22 June 2012. Retrieved 8 September 2012.
Further reading[edit]
Singh, R.S.N. (2008). The military factor in Pakistan. New Delhi: Frankfort, IL. ISBN 0981537898.
Hasanie, Ali Abbas (2013). Democracy in pakistan : crises, conflicts and hope for a change. [S.l.]: Authorhouse. ISBN 1481790684. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
External links[edit]
Profile on the website of the government of Pakistan
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Prime Ministers of Pakistan (List)
Liaquat Ali Khan
Khawaja Nazimuddin
Mohammad Ali Bogra
Chaudhry Muhammad Ali
Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
I. I. Chundrigar
Feroz Khan Noon
Nurul Amin
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Muhammad Khan Junejo
Benazir Bhutto
Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi (caretaker)
Nawaz Sharif
Balakh Sher Mazari (caretaker)
Nawaz Sharif
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Malik Meraj Khalid (caretaker)
Nawaz Sharif
Zafarullah Khan Jamali
Chaudhry Shujaat Hussain
Shaukat Aziz
Muhammad Mian Soomro (caretaker)
Yusuf Raza Gilani
Raja Pervaiz Ashraf
Mir Hazar Khan Khoso (caretaker)
Nawaz Sharif
Shahid Khaqan Abbasi
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan&oldid=843220708"
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text:
Darth Maul
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Darth Maul
Star Wars character
Ray Park as Darth Maul in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace.
First appearance
Star Wars: The Phantom Menace (1999)
Last appearance
Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018)
Created by
George Lucas
Portrayed by
Ray Park
Voiced by
Peter Serafinowicz (Episode I)
Samuel Witwer (The Clone Wars, Rebels, Battlefront II (2017) and Solo: A Star Wars Story)
show
Other:
Gregg Berger (Star Wars: Episode I: The Phantom Menace (video game))
David W. Collins (Elite Squadron)
Stephen Stanton (Battlefront II (2005))
Jess Harnell (Star Wars: Demolition, Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds and Star Wars: Racer Revenge)
Lee Tockar (Droid Tales)
Information
Species
Dathomirian Zabrak
Gender
Male
Occupation
Sith apprentice, Crime lord
Affiliation
Order of the Lords of the Sith
Shadow Collective
Crimson Dawn
Family
Savage Opress (brother)
Mother Talzin (mother)
Homeworld
Dathomir[1]
Darth Maul is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise. Trained as Darth Sidious's first apprentice, he serves as a Sith Lord and a master of wielding a double-bladed lightsaber. He first appears in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (portrayed by Ray Park and voiced by Peter Serafinowicz). Despite his apparent demise in that film at the hands of Obi-Wan Kenobi, he would later return in the Star Wars: The Clone Wars animated television series, and would go on to make further appearances in the Star Wars Rebels series and the 2018 film Solo: A Star Wars Story, all voiced by Sam Witwer.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characteristics
1.1 Concept and creation
1.2 Portrayal
2 Appearances
2.1 Films
2.1.1 The Phantom Menace
2.1.2 Solo: A Star Wars Story
2.2 Animated series
2.2.1 The Clone Wars
2.2.2 Rebels
2.3 Comics
2.3.1 Darth Maul
2.3.2 Darth Maul: Son of Dathomir
2.4 Novels
2.4.1 Ahsoka
2.5 Legends/Non-canonical
3 In popular culture
4 References
5 External links
Characteristics[edit]
Concept and creation[edit]
After getting frustrated with a drawing of production designer Gavin Bocquet, Iain McCaig started covering it in tape. Both he and Lucas liked the result, described as "a kind of Rorschach pattern". The final drawing had McCaig's own face, with the skin removed, and some Rorschach experimentation (dropping ink onto paper, folding it in half then opening).[2]
Darth Maul's head originally had feathers, based on prayer totems, but the Creature Effects crew led by Nick Dudman interpreted those feathers as horns, modifying his features into those common in popular depictions of the devil.[3]
His clothing was also modified, from a tight body suit with a muscle pattern to the Sith robe based on samurai pleats, because the lightsaber battles involved much jumping, spinning, running, and rolling.[4] Another concept had Maul a masked figure, something that could rival Darth Vader, while the senatorial characters would sport painted and tattooed faces. It was later decided to apply the painted and tattooed faces to Maul rather than the senator.[4]
Portrayal[edit]
Darth Maul was physically portrayed by actor and martial artist Ray Park in The Phantom Menace.[5] The character was voiced by comedian/voice actor/director Peter Serafinowicz in The Phantom Menace and Lego videogame adaptation of the prequel trilogy; while Samuel Witwer performed the character's voice in the animated series The Clone Wars, Rebels, and in the live action movie Solo: A Star Wars Story. Actors Gregg Berger, Jess Harnell, Stephen Stanton, Clint Bajakian, and David W. Collins have all voiced him in Legends adaptations and minor appearances.
Appearances[edit]
Main article: Star Wars canon
Films[edit]
The Phantom Menace[edit]
Introduced in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace, Darth Maul is ordered by Darth Sidious to capture Queen Padmé Amidala. On Tatooine, Maul fights Qui-Gon Jinn while approaching the Queen's starship. While Anakin Skywalker (the future Darth Vader) gets on board, Qui-Gon engages Maul in a lightsaber duel, but the Jedi Master escapes. Eventually, Maul fights Qui-Gon and Obi-Wan Kenobi simultaneously. Maul duels Qui-Gon and eventually kills him. Although Obi-Wan is almost knocked down into a shaft, he uses the Force to propel himself out of the pit, and equips himself with Qui-Gon's lightsaber to bisect Maul, seemingly killing him, after which the two separated pieces of Maul's body fall into the shaft.[6]
Solo: A Star Wars Story[edit]
Main article: Solo: A Star Wars Story
Ray Park reprises his role from The Phantom Menace as Darth Maul, with Sam Witwer providing the voice,[7] reprising his role from the animated series, The Clone Wars and Star Wars Rebels.[8] Maul is revealed to be the master of the crime syndicate Crimson Dawn that crime lord Dryden Vos answers to. Qi'ra tells Maul that Vos and his men were killed by Tobias Beckett and his accomplices, but neglects to name Han Solo and Chewbacca. Maul commands her to meet with him on Dathomir and warns her that they will work more closely from now on, igniting his lightsaber.
Animated series[edit]
The Clone Wars[edit]
Darth Maul appears in the fourth and fifth seasons of the animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars.
In the third season, Darth Maul’s origins are elaborated upon: he is portrayed as a warrior of the Nightbrother clan on the planet Dathomir inhabited by the dominant Nightsister witchcraft society led by Mother Talzin. Maul’s tattoos are described as the markings of a warrior (in contrast to earlier sources which identify his body art as Sith markings). Talzin has Savage Opress find his long-lost brother.
In the fourth season, Darth Maul is revealed to be alive, having survived his presumed death at Obi-Wan Kenobi’s hands. Having ended up on the junkyard planet Lotho Minor via a dumpster craft, Maul has suffered from amnesia since Obi-Wan defeated him. Opress finds Maul and brings him to the devastated Dathomir, where Talzin restores Maul’s mind and gives him robotic legs. Maul and Opress set about a plan to exact revenge on Obi-Wan.[9] Maul proceeds to attack a village on planet Raydonia as his first attempt on Obi-Wan's life, only to be thwarted due to Asajj Ventress’s unexpected appearance to collect a bounty on Opress. Maul and Opress overpower Obi-Wan and Ventress, but Maul lets them go upon realizing that the Jedi know of his existence, deciding to await another opportunity.[10]
In the fifth season, Maul takes Opress as his apprentice, and begins building a criminal empire. Needing followers, they travel to Florrum and manage to convince Weequay pirate Jiro and his crew to join them and betray their leader Hondo Ohnaka. Maul’s pirates attack Hondo’s loyal forces, and Maul once again duels Obi-Wan while Opress fights and kills Jedi Master Adi Gallia. Obi-Wan and Hondo forces retreat and regroup inside Hondo’s compound. Maul's forces eventually break in and Obi-Wan draws the two brothers away from the pirates, engaging them in a two-on-one duel while the pirate factions fight elsewhere in the compound. Obi-Wan, though outnumbered, cuts off Opress’s arm and forces the Sith Lords to retreat. Meanwhile, Honda wins back his crew by “persuading” them under threat of heavy artillery. Obi-Wan blows off one of Maul’s robotic legs and badly damages Maul’s ship. Maul and Opress manage to escape, but get stuck in dead space due to the damage to their ship. After several days, they are found close to death by the Death Watch Mandalorian warriors, led by Pre Vizsla, who gives Maul a new set of legs and Opress a new mechanical arm. Maul offers Vizsla the chance to reclaim Mandalore by recruiting the Black Sun and Pyke crime families and Jabba the Hutt’s minions to create the criminal syndicate named The Shadow Collective.
From there, Maul engineers Vizsla’s rise to power: he orders his henchmen to attack Mandalore so the Death Watch can arrest them and appear as heroes to the denizens who have long lived under Duchess Satine Kryze’s pacifist rule. Vizsla betrays Maul, imprisoning both Savage and him. Easily breaking free, Maul challenges Vizsla to a duel to take over the Death Watch and Mandalore; he succeeds in killing Vizsla and then claims his former co-conspirator’s darksaber.[clarification needed] He wins the loyalty of most Death Watch members, but Bo Katan retreats along with those loyal to their previous leader. Maul then puts the disgraced former prime minister Almec, whom Satine had imprisoned for corruption, in power as a puppet leader, solidifying his control over Mandalore. Maul then anticipates Satine being broken out of prison and her attempt to contact the Jedi Council as part of his plan to get Obi-Wan to Mandalore. Once Obi-Wan arrives and attempts to rescue Satine, Maul captures him and exacts revenge on the Jedi by murdering Satine right in front of him, hoping to make the Jedi suffer as much as he once did. Obi-Wan is later freed by the Night Owl rebels (Bo Katan’s Death Watch faction) who request Republic aid.
Maul senses Darth Sidious arriving on Mandalore. Although impressed with his former apprentice’s survival, Sidious declares Maul a rival and uses the Force to push and choke him and Opress. He then engages them both in lightsaber combat, fatally injuring Opress. After Opress dies from his wounds, Sidious reminds Maul of the Rule of Two, and tells him that he has been replaced. Enraged, Maul pulls out both his lightsaber and darksaber [clarification needed] and proceeds to fight Sidious on equal ground, but Sidious ultimately defeats him. Maul pleads for mercy, but Sidious ignores him and tortures him with blasts of Force lightning. Sidious reveals that he has no intention of killing Maul, remarking that he has other uses for his former apprentice.
Rebels[edit]
An older Maul appears in the season 2 finale of Star Wars Rebels.[11] Tracked by an Inquisitor named the Eighth Brother, Maul is stranded on the ancient Sith world of Malachor, where he is discovered by series protagonist Ezra Bridger among the ruins. Introducing himself as "Old Master" and seeking revenge against Sidious, Maul leads Ezra into an ancient Sith temple, where they discover a holocron that Maul claims can give them the knowledge needed to defeat the Sith. After recovering it, the two find Ezra's master Kanan Jarrus and former Jedi Ahsoka Tano locked in battle with the Eighth Brother. They also find the Fifth Brother and the Seventh Sister, who have been pursuing the Rebels for some time. Maul – having cast aside the title of Darth – then reveals a new lightsaber disguised as a walking stick and joins the Jedi in battling their enemies.
After the Inquisitors retreat, Maul wins the Jedi's trust by denouncing the Sith, and tells them that he cannot defeat Darth Vader on his own. Working together, he and the Jedi ascend towards the top of the Sith temple and successfully defeat the three Inquisitors. It is then that Maul reveals his intention to take Ezra as his apprentice, having already tricked him into activating the temple. After blinding Kanan, Maul briefly duels Ahsoka before facing Kanan again, only to be knocked off the temple's edge. However, he survives the fall and escapes Malachor in the Eighth Brother's TIE Fighter.
Months after the events on Malachor, Maul once again reveals himself to the Jedi as he takes the Ghost's crew hostage. He threatens to kill them unless Kanan and Ezra bring both the Sith and Jedi holocrons to him. Despite an attempt by the Rebels to escape, Maul successfully recaptures them and takes them to a remote base in the Outer Rim where he awaits the arrival of the Jedi. After they arrive, the holocrons are hazardously united allowing Ezra and Maul to see visions of their desires: Ezra sees images of a way to destroy the Sith, images including "twin suns", while Maul sees a vision of his own. Kanan begs Ezra to look away before he sees something he doesn't want to while Maul tells him to ignore Kanan and keep looking. Ezra heeds his master's words and breaks off the connection, which causes a great explosion. Maul escapes in the confusion, uttering, "He lives."
Maul reappears after finding the Rebellion's secret base. He tells Ezra that because the connection was severed, they got bits and pieces of each other's visions. With the holocrons destroyed from the events of their previous meeting, Maul discovered another way to get the information he needed. With Ezra he travels to Dathomir, former home of the Night Sisters, and recreates one of their spells to temporarily meld his and Ezra's minds. After the spell is completed Ezra, who was still looking for a way to destroy the Sith, and Maul realize they are both looking for Obi-Wan Kenobi.
In the episode "Twin Suns", Maul is shown lost on Tatooine. He decides to use Ezra to lure Obi-Wan out of hiding. During their confrontation, Maul deduces that Obi-Wan is not only hiding, but is protecting someone. In a swift duel, Obi-Wan fatally wounds Maul. As he lies dying in Obi-Wan's arms, Maul asks if the person he is protecting is the Chosen One, and Obi-Wan replies "he is". Maul declares that this "Chosen One" will avenge them, and dies.
Comics[edit]
Darth Maul[edit]
In 2017, Marvel released Star Wars: Darth Maul a 5-issue prequel series centered on Darth Maul before the events of The Phantom Menace.[12]
Darth Maul: Son of Dathomir[edit]
Dark Horse Comics produced Darth Maul: Son of Dathomir based on the scripts and storyboards of an unproduced 4-episode story arc intended for The Clone Wars Season 6. After killing Savage Opress, Darth Sidious takes Maul to a Separatist prison, where Count Dooku tortures him for information about the Shadow Collective. Prime Minister Almec arranges Maul's escape and the latter then heads back to Zanbar to command the Death Watch army. However, he is followed there by General Grievous and his droids, who then battle with Maul and the Mandalorians. While they put up a fierce fight, Maul and his minions are ultimately overwhelmed by the droids. During the battle, Maul tears through the droid ranks and attacks Grievous, but is overpowered and forced to retreat. Afterwards, Maul confers with Mother Talzin (revealed to be his biological mother) and plots to draw out Sidious by capturing Dooku and General Grievous. The scheme works, and Talzin is able to restore herself to her physical form, but she sacrifices herself to save Maul. Although Maul escapes with a company of loyal Mandalorians, the Shadow Collective has fallen apart due to the conflict with Sidious, as the Hutts, Pykes, and Black Sun have all abandoned Maul.
Novels[edit]
Ahsoka[edit]
In flashbacks during the novel Star Wars: Ahsoka, it is revealed that during the final days of the Clone Wars, Maul and his forces were besieged on Mandalore by an army of clone troopers led by Ahsoka Tano and Captain Rex. During the siege, Maul confronts and duels Ahsoka, and though he proves to be the stronger fighter, the former Jedi outwits him and traps him in a ray shield. However, before Maul can be taken into official custody, Order 66 is enacted and the clone troopers following Ahsoka turn on her, with the exception of Rex. With Rex's life in peril, Ahsoka abandons the chance of killing Maul, allowing the former Sith to escape once again. This battle was originally intended to be depicted in the series finale of The Clone Wars had the series not been prematurely cancelled – Anakin and Obi-Wan were dispatched to Mandalore with Ahsoka, but were immediately called back to Coruscant to rescue Chancellor Palpatine, thus leading into the opening sequence of Revenge of the Sith.
Legends/Non-canonical[edit]
With the 2012 acquisition of Lucasfilm by The Walt Disney Company, most of the licensed Star Wars novels and comics produced since the originating 1977 film Star Wars were rebranded as Star Wars Legends and declared non-canon to the franchise in April 2014.[13][14][15]
As portrayed in the novel Darth Plagueis, the titular Sith Lord sends his apprentice, Darth Sidious, to the Force-rich world of Dathomir. A Dathomiri witch, or Night-sister, senses Sidious' power in the Force and approaches him. She assumes he is a Jedi and begs him to take her Zabrak infant son. She realizes Sidious is not a Jedi, and explains how she is trying to save her son from a Nightsister named Talzin, who killed Maul's father. It is implied that Maul has a twin brother and that Talzin is only aware of one child. Sidious realizes the infant is strong in the Force, and would become a threat if found by the Jedi. Concealing the existence of his own master, Sidious raises Maul to believe that he is a Sith apprentice, but he actually intends him to be an expendable—albeit useful—minion rather than an heir. Maul himself acknowledges his shortcomings, such as his limited understanding of politics, even as he tries to become a true Sith.
As portrayed in the novel Darth Maul: Shadow Hunter, Maul was raised by Sidious for as long as he can remember. He then trains Maul as a Sith, marking his body with Sith tattoos. Maul initially goes on several missions of terror for his master, killing politicians, crime bosses, merchants and warlords.
Several sources depict Maul returning from the dead in several different forms. The story "Resurrection" from Star Wars Tales 9 depicts a cult creating a duplicate of Maul as a replacement for Darth Vader, only for Vader to kill him. The story "Phantom Menaces" in Star Wars Tales #17 (set after Return of the Jedi) depicts Luke Skywalker visiting Maul's home planet of Iridonia in an ambassadorial capacity, where he faces a "solid state hologram" of Maul projected from Maul's salvaged brain as part of a scientist's attempt to recreate Maul as Iridonia's "champion". Luke recognizes the disruption that Maul's existence is causing in the Force, and shuts down the life-support systems keeping the brain alive.
In 2005, Dark Horse Comics published Star Wars: Visionaries, a compilation of comic art short stories. One story "Old Wounds", considered to be non-canonical to Star Wars lore, depicts Maul, now with longer horns on his head, surviving his bisection at Obi-Wan's hands, replacing his missing bottom half with cybernetic legs, similar to those of General Grievous. He then follows Obi-Wan throughout the galaxy, finally tracking him down on Tatooine a few years after the events of Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. Maul taunts Obi-Wan, saying that after he kills him, he will take a toddler-aged Luke Skywalker to his master, Emperor Palpatine. Maul plans to kill Darth Vader, and resume his rightful place at Palpatine's side as his apprentice. He ignites his new double-bladed lightsaber, and engages Obi-Wan in a lightsaber duel, but Obi-Wan again bests him in combat, cutting off his opponent's horns. The Sith Lord is killed, unexpectedly, by a blaster bolt to the head from Owen Lars. Obi-Wan thanks Owen, and says he will take Maul's body into the desert and burn it so he can never come back.
In early 2012, a young adult novel entitled Star Wars: The Wrath of Darth Maul was released by Scholastic. In the 2014 novel, Star Wars: Maul: Lockdown, set before The Phantom Menace, Darth Maul is sent into an infamous galactic prison. Maul is also featured prominently in comic series starting in this period, Star Wars: The Clone Wars: The Sith Hunters & Darth Maul: Death Sentence. Set in the period of the Clone Wars around the various episodes that featured Maul, Sith Hunters and Death Sentence detail his and Savage Opress' journey across the galaxy as they seek vengeance on the Jedi.
In popular culture[edit]
Since the release of The Phantom Menace, Darth Maul has proven to be a popular character. IGN named Darth Maul the 16th greatest Star Wars character, noting, "Of the countless characters to walk in and out of the Star Wars saga, none looks or acts more badass than Darth Maul."[16]
Darth Maul-related merchandise was popular among Hasbro Star Wars toy lines, with plastic recreations of his double bladed lightsaber and various action figures in his likeness developed. Darth Maul has been the focal point of the toy marketing campaign surrounding the 2012 re-release of The Phantom Menace, being featured on the packaging for the toy line.[17]
In December 2017, an 8-year-old Ontario boy went viral on the Internet with a video of him pretending to be Darth Maul and displaying his martial arts skills.[18]
References[edit]
Star Wars portal
1990s portal
Jump up ^ "Maul, Darth". Star wars Databank. Lucasfilm. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
Jump up ^ "Designing a Sith Lord". Archived from the original on 2015-02-07. Retrieved 2015-02-06.
Jump up ^ Moyers, Bill (1999-04-26). "Of Myth And Men". Time Magazine. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Designing a Sith Lord Archived June 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Wetmore, Jr., Kevin J. (10 August 2017). The Empire Triumphant: Race, Religion and Rebellion in the Star Wars Films. McFarland & Company. p. 127. ISBN 9781476611716.
Jump up ^ Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
Jump up ^ Simpson, George (24 May 2018). "Solo 2: How two MAJOR Star Wars villains are set up for the inevitable sequel". Daily Express. Express Newspapers. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "The Solo: A Star Wars Story Ending Explained". GamesRadar. May 17, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
Jump up ^ Star Wars: The Clone Wars (2008 TV series)
Jump up ^ Valby, Karen. "Entertainment Weekly – Darth Maul Lives!". Insidetv.ew.com. Retrieved 2012-06-13.
Jump up ^ "'Star Wars: Rebels' resurrects a familiar old foe". Ew.com. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Juba, Joe (2016-11-14). "Darth Maul To Star In New Star Wars Comic Book - News". www.GameInformer.com. Retrieved 2016-12-19.
Jump up ^ Hood, Bryan (December 15, 2015). "Why Disney Blew Up More Than 30 Years of Star Wars Canon". Bloomberg. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "The Legendary Star Wars Expanded Universe Turns a New Page". StarWars.com. April 25, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Disney and Random House announce relaunch of Star Wars Adult Fiction line". StarWars.com. April 25, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Darth Maul- #16". Ign.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-29. Retrieved 2012-06-13.
Jump up ^ "Star Wars Crafts and Creativity - StarWars.com". StarWars.com. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Eight year old karate kid goes viral with Darth Maul skills". CTV News. 7 December 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
External links[edit]
Darth Maul in the StarWars.com Databank
Darth Maul on Wookieepedia, a Star Wars wiki
Darth Maul on IMDb
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text:
Lay It Down (Ratt song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses of the term "Lay It Down", see Lay It Down (disambiguation).
"Lay It Down"
Single by Ratt
from the album Invasion of Your Privacy
Released
1985
Format
Vinyl LP, Cassette, CD
Recorded
1985
Length
3:23
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Stephen Pearcy, Juan Croucier, Robbin Crosby, Warren DeMartini
Producer(s)
Beau Hill
Ratt singles chronology
"Lack of Communication"
(1984) "Lay It Down"
(1985) "You're In Love"
(1985)
"Lack of Communication"
(1984) "Lay It Down"
(1985) "You're In Love"
(1985)
"Lay It Down" is a single by American glam metal band Ratt. It was the first single released to promote the group's second album, Invasion of Your Privacy.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Music video
3 Reception
4 Track listing
5 Personnel
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
The song was co-written by Ratt vocalist Stephen Pearcy, bassist Juan Croucier, and guitarists Robbin Crosby and Warren DeMartini.
It appears in the video game Brütal Legend, during the third battle against Lyonwhyte.
Music video[edit]
The music video shows lead singer Stephen Pearcy having a birthday party as a child (played by Whit Hertford). After the boy makes his birthday wish, he gets a vision of the future in which the band plays in what looks to be an abandoned building.
The woman in the video is Playboy model Marianne Gravatte, who is also the model on the cover of Invasion Of Your Privacy.
Reception[edit]
"Lay It Down" reached #40 on the Billboard Hot 100 and #11 on the Mainstream Rock chart during the summer of 1985. This made it Ratt's second and last Top 40 Pop hit.[1]
Track listing[edit]
"Lay It Down" – 3:23
"Got Me On the Line" – 3:04
Personnel[edit]
Stephen Pearcy – Lead vocals
Warren DeMartini – Lead guitar
Robbin Crosby – Lead guitar
Juan Croucier – Bass guitar
Bobby Blotzer – Drums
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Ratt: Album & Song Chart History". Billboard.com. Retrieved 2010-05-25.
External links[edit]
Lyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Ratt
Warren DeMartini
Stephen Pearcy
Juan Croucier
Carlos Cavazo
Robbin Crosby
Chris Hager
Matt Thorr
Jake E. Lee
Marq Torien
Joey Cristofanilli
Robbie Crane
Keri Kelli
John Corabi
Jizzy Pearl
Scott Griffin
Joshua Alan
Bobby Blotzer
Studio albums
Out of the Cellar
Invasion of Your Privacy
Dancing Undercover
Reach for the Sky
Detonator
Ratt
Infestation
EPs & compilations
Ratt
Ratt & Roll 81-91
Collage
Metal Hits
Tell the World: The Very Best of Ratt
Videos & DVDs
Ratt: The Video
Detonator Videoaction
Videos from the Cellar: The Atlantic Years
Singles
"You Think You're Tough"
"Round and Round"
"Wanted Man"
"Lack of Communication"
"Lay It Down"
"You're in Love"
"What You Give Is What You Get"
"Dance"
"Slip of the Lip"
"Body Talk"
"I Want a Woman"
"Way Cool Jr."
"Shame Shame Shame"
"Lovin' You's a Dirty Job"
"Givin' Yourself Away"
"Nobody Rides for Free"
"Best of Me"
"Eat Me Up Alive"
Tours
World Infestation Tour
Dancing Undercover World Party
Solo
"Arcade"
Mac Meda
Related Articles
Discography
Saints of the Underground
Milton Berle
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lay_It_Down_(Ratt_song)&oldid=799326454"
Categories:
1985 singles
1985 songs
Ratt songs
Song recordings produced by Beau Hill
Songs written by Juan Croucier
Songs written by Robbin Crosby
Songs written by Stephen Pearcy
Songs written by Warren DeMartini
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This page was last edited on 7 September 2017, at 00:55.
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