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President of the United Nations Security Council
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President of the United Nations Security Council
رئيس مجلس الأمن (Arabic)
联合国安全理事会主席 (Chinese)
Président du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies (French)
Председатель Совета Безопасности Организации Объединенных Наций (Russian)
Presidente del Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas (Spanish)
Flag of the United Nations
Incumbent
Ethiopia
Tekeda Alemu
since 1 September 2017
Appointer
United Nations Security Council
Term length
One month
Inaugural holder
Norman Makin
Formation
17 January 1946
Website
www.un.org/en/sc/presidency
The President of the United Nations Security Council is the presiding officer of that body. The president is the head of the delegation from the Security Council member state that holds the rotating presidency.
Contents
[hide]
1 Selection
2 Identity
3 Role
4 List
4.1 1946–49
4.2 1950–54
4.3 1955–59
4.4 1960–64
4.5 1965–69
4.6 1970–74
4.7 1975–79
4.8 1980–84
4.9 1985–89
4.10 1990–94
4.11 1995–99
4.12 2000–04
4.13 2005–09
4.14 2010–14
4.15 2015–19
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
8 External links
Selection[edit]
Article 30 of the United Nations Charter states that the Security Council is empowered to establish rules of procedure, "including the method of selecting its President".[1] The Security Council has established the following method of selecting the president: the presidency rotates monthly among the state members of the Security Council. The rotation takes place in alphabetical order of the member states' official United Nations names in English.[2] All members of the Council, including the President, must present credentials issued by either the head of state, the head of government, or the minister of foreign affairs of their respective states to the Secretary-General, except if the representative is also the head of government or minister of foreign affairs.[3]
Identity[edit]
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The Permanent Representative (ambassador) of the state that holds the presidency is usually the president of the Council, but if an official from the state who is higher in authority than the Permanent Representative (such as a foreign minister, prime minister, or head of state) is present in the Council, the higher official is the president. For example, in January 2000, a month in which the United States held the presidency of the Security Council, U.S. Vice President Al Gore headed the United States delegation to the United Nations for a few days. As a result, Gore was the President of the Security Council during this time.
Role[edit]
The role of president of the Security Council involves calling the meetings thereof,[4] approving the provisional agenda (proposed by the Secretary-General),[5] presiding at its meetings,[6] and overseeing any crisis. The president is authorized to issue both Presidential Statements[7] (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes,[8] which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue. The President also usually speaks to the press on behalf of the Security Council.
List[edit]
Below is a chronological list of presidents of the UN Security Council and the states that they represented.
1946–49[edit]
Presidents from 1946–49:[9]
Dates
State
Name
17 January – 16 February 1946 Australia Norman Makin
17 February – 16 March 1946 Brazil Cyro de Freitas Valle
17 March – 16 April 1946 Republic of China Quo Tai-chi
17 April – 16 May 1946 Egypt Hafez Afifi Pasha
17 May – 16 June 1946 France Alexandre Parodi
17 June – 16 July 1946 Mexico Francisco Castillo Nájera
17 July – 16 August 1946 Netherlands Eelco van Kleffens
17 August – 16 September 1946 Poland Oskar R. Lange
17 September – 16 October 1946 Soviet Union Andrei Gromyko
17 October – 16 November 1946 United Kingdom Alexander Cadogan
17 November – 31 December 1946 United States Herschel V. Johnson II
January 1947 Australia Norman Makin
February 1947 Belgium Fernand van Langenhove
March 1947 Brazil Oswaldo Aranha
April 1947 Republic of China Quo Tai-chi
May 1947 Colombia Alfonso López Pumarejo
June 1947 France Alexandre Parodi
July 1947 Poland Oskar R. Lange
August 1947 Syria Faris al-Khoury
September 1947 Soviet Union Andrei Gromyko
October 1947 United Kingdom Alexander Cadogan
November 1947 United States Warren Austin
December 1947 Australia John Hood
January 1948 Belgium Fernand van Langenhove
February 1948 Canada A. G. L. McNaughton
March 1948 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
April 1948 Colombia Alfonso López Pumarejo
May 1948 France Alexandre Parodi
June 1948 Syria Faris al-Khoury
July 1948 Ukrainian SSR Dmitry Manuilsky
August 1948 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
September 1948 United Kingdom Alexander Cadogan
October 1948 United States
Argentina Warren Austin
Juan Atilio Bramuglia
November 1948 Argentina José Arce
December 1948 Belgium Fernand van Langenhove
January 1949 Canada A. G. L. McNaughton
February 1949 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
March 1949 Cuba Alberto Inocente Álvarez
April 1949 Egypt Mahmoud Fawzi Bey
May 1949 France Jean Chauvel
June 1949 Norway Arne Sunde
July 1949 Ukrainian SSR Dmitry Manuilsky
August 1949 Soviet Union Semyon K. Tsarapkin
September 1949 United Kingdom Alexander Cadogan
October 1949 United States Warren Austin
November 1949 Argentina José Arce
December 1949 Canada A. G. L. McNaughton
1950–54[edit]
Presidents from 1950–54:[10]
Dates
State
Name
January 1950 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
February 1950 Cuba Carlos Blanco Sanchez
March 1950 Ecuador Homero Viteri Lafronte
April 1950 Egypt Mahmoud Fawzi Bey
May 1950 France Jean Chauvel
June 1950 India Benegal Narsing Rau
July 1950 Norway Arne Sunde
August 1950 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
September 1950 United Kingdom Gladwyn Jebb
October 1950 United States Warren Austin
November 1950 Yugoslavia Aleš Bebler
December 1950 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
January 1951 Ecuador Antonio Quevedo
February 1951 France François Lacoste
March 1951 India
Netherlands Benegal Narsing Rau
D. J. von Balluseck
April 1951 Netherlands D. J. von Balluseck
May 1951 Turkey Selim Sarper and Ilhan Savut
June 1951 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
July 1951 United Kingdom Gladwyn Jebb
August 1951 United States Warren Austin
September 1951 Yugoslavia Aleš Bebler
October 1951 Brazil João Carlos Muniz
November 1951 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
December 1951 Ecuador Antonio Quevedo
January 1952 France Jean Chauvel
February 1952 Greece Alexis Kyrou
March 1952 Netherlands D. J. von Balluseck
April 1952 Pakistan Ahmed S. Bokhari
May 1952 Turkey Selim Sarper
June 1952 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
July 1952 United Kingdom Gladwyn Jebb
August 1952 United States Warren Austin
September 1952 Brazil João Carlos Muniz
October 1952 Chile Hernán Santa Cruz
November 1952 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
December 1952 France Henri Hoppenot
January 1953 Greece Alexis Kyrou
February 1953 Lebanon Charles Malik
March 1953 Pakistan Ahmed S. Bokhari
April 1953 Soviet Union Andrey Vyshinsky
May 1953 United Kingdom Gladwyn Jebb
June 1953 United States Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
July 1953 Chile Rudecindo Ortega Masson
August 1953 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
September 1953 Colombia Francisco Urrutia
October 1953 Denmark William Borberg
November 1953 France Henri Hoppenot
December 1953 Greece Alexis Kyrou
January 1954 Lebanon Charles Malik
February 1954 New Zealand Leslie Munro
March 1954 Turkey Selim Sarper
April 1954 Soviet Union Andrey Vyshinsky
May 1954 United Kingdom Pierson Dixon
June 1954 United States Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
July 1954 Brazil Ernesto Leme
August 1954 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
September 1954 Colombia Francisco Urrutia
October 1954 Denmark William Borberg
November 1954 France Henri Hoppenot
December 1954 Lebanon Charles Malik
1955–59[edit]
Presidents from 1955–59:[10]
Dates
State
Name
January 1955 New Zealand Leslie Munro
February 1955 Peru Victor Belaunde
March 1955 Turkey Selim Sarper
April 1955 Soviet Union Arkady Sobolev
May 1955 United Kingdom Pierson Dixon
June 1955 United States Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
July 1955 Belgium Fernand van Langenhove
August 1955 Brazil Cyro de Freitas Valle
September 1955 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
October 1955 France Henri Hoppenot
November 1955 Iran Nasrollah Entezam
December 1955 New Zealand Leslie Munro
January 1956 Peru Victor Belaunde
February 1956 Soviet Union Arkady Sobolev
March 1956 United Kingdom Pierson Dixon
April 1956 United States Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
May 1956 Yugoslavia Jože Brilej (sl)
June 1956 Australia Edward Ronald Walker
July 1956 Belgium Josef Nisot
August 1956 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
September 1956 Cuba Emilio Núñez Portuondo
October 1956 France Christian Pineau, Bernard Cornut-Gentille, and Louis de Guiringaud
November 1956 Iran Nasrollah Entezam
December 1956 Peru Victor Belaunde
January 1957 Philippines Carlos P. Romulo
February 1957 Sweden Gunnar Jarring
March 1957 Soviet Union Arkady Sobolev
April 1957 United Kingdom Pierson Dixon
May 1957 United States Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
June 1957 Australia Edward Ronald Walker
July 1957 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
August and September 1957 Colombia
Cuba Francisco Urrutia
Emilio Núñez Portuondo
October 1957 France Guillaume Georges-Picot
November 1957 Iraq Hashim Jawad
December 1957 Philippines Carlos P. Romulo
January 1958 Sweden Gunnar Jarring
February 1958 Soviet Union Arkady Sobolev
March 1958 United Kingdom Pierson Dixon
April 1958 United States Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
May 1958 Canada Charles Ritchie
June 1958 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
July 1958 Colombia Alfonso Araujo
August 1958 France Guillaume Georges-Picot
September 1958 Iraq Hashim Jawad
October 1958 Japan Koto Matsudaira
November 1958 Panama Jorge Illueca
December 1958 Sweden Gunnar Jarring
January 1959 Tunisia Mongi Slim
February 1959 Soviet Union Arkady Sobolev
March 1959 United Kingdom Pierson Dixon
April 1959 United States Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
May 1959 Argentina Mario Amadeo
June 1959 Canada Charles Ritchie
July 1959 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
August 1959 France Armand Berard
September 1959 Italy Egidio Ortono
October 1959 Japan Koto Matsudaira
November 1959 Panama Jorge Illueca
December 1959 Tunisia Mongi Slim
1960–64[edit]
Presidents from 1960–64:[11]
Dates
State
Name
January 1960 Soviet Union Arkady Sobolev
February 1960 United Kingdom Pierson Dixon
March 1960 United States Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.
April 1960 Argentina Mario Amadeo
May 1960 Ceylon Claude Corea
June 1960 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
July 1960 Ecuador Jose A. Correa
August 1960 France Armand Berard
September 1960 Italy Egidio Ortono
October 1960 Poland Bohdan Lewandowski
November 1960 Tunisia Mongi Slim
December 1960 Soviet Union Valerian Zorin
January 1961 United Arab Republic Omar Loutfi
February 1961 United Kingdom Patrick Dean
March 1961 United States Adlai E. Stevenson
April 1961 Ceylon T. B. Subasinghe
May 1961 Chile Daniel Schweitzer
June 1961 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu and Y. C. Hsueh
July 1961 Ecuador Leopoldo Benites
August 1961 France Armand Berard
September 1961 Liberia Nathan Barnes
October 1961 Turkey Turgut Menemencioglu
November 1961 Soviet Union Valerian Zorin
December 1961 United Arab Republic Omar Loutfi
January 1962 United Kingdom Patrick Dean
February 1962 United States Adlai E. Stevenson and Francis T. P. Plimpton
March 1962 Venezuela Carlos Sosa-Rodriguez
April 1962 Chile Daniel Schweitzer
May 1962 Republic of China Tsiang Tingfu
June 1962 France Armand Berard
July 1962 Ghana Alex Quaison-Sackey
August 1962 Ireland Frederick Boland
September 1962 Romania Mihail Haseganu
October 1962 Soviet Union Platon Morozov and Valerian Zorin
November 1962 United Arab Republic Mahmoud Riad
December 1962 United Kingdom Patrick Dean
January 1963 United States Adlai E. Stevenson
February 1963 Venezuela Carlos Sosa-Rodriguez
March 1963 Brazil Geraldo de Carvalho Silos
April 1963 Republic of China Liu Chieh
May 1963 France Roger Seydoux
June 1963 Ghana Alex Quaison-Sackey
July 1963 Morocco Ahmed Taibi Benhima
August 1963 Norway Sievert A. Nielsen
September 1963 Philippines Jacinto Castel Borja
October 1963 Soviet Union Nikolai Fedorenko
November 1963 United Kingdom Patrick Dean
December 1963 United States Adlai E. Stevenson, Charles Yost, and Francis T. P. Plimpton
January 1964 Bolivia Renan Castrillo Justiniano
February 1964 Brazil Carlos A. Bernardes
March 1964 Republic of China Liu Chieh
April 1964 Czechoslovakia Jiří Hájek
May 1964 France Roger Seydoux
June 1964 Ivory Coast Arsene A. Usher
July 1964 Morocco Ahmed Taibi Benhima
August 1964 Norway Sievert A. Nielsen
September 1964 Soviet Union Platon D. Morozov
October 1964 United Kingdom Patrick Dean
November 1964 United States Adlai E. Stevenson
December 1964 Bolivia Fernando Ortiz Sanz
1965–69[edit]
Presidents from 1965–69:[11]
Dates
State
Name
January 1965 Republic of China Liu Chieh
February 1965 France Roger Seydoux
March 1965 Ivory Coast Arsene Usher
April 1965 Jordan Abdul Monem Rifa'i
May 1965 Malaysia Radhakrishna Ramani
June 1965 Netherlands J. G. de Beus
July 1965 Soviet Union Platon Morozov
August 1965 United Kingdom Roger Jackling
September 1965 United States Arthur Goldberg
October 1965 Uruguay Hector Paysse Reyes
November 1965 Bolivia Fernando Ortiz Sanz
December 1965 Republic of China Liu Chieh
January 1966 France Roger Seydoux
February 1966 Japan Akira Matsui
March 1966 Jordan Muhammed El-Farra
April 1966 Mali Moussa Leo Keita
May 1966 Netherlands J. G. de Beus
June 1966 New Zealand Frank Corner
July 1966 Nigeria Simeon Adebo
August 1966 Uganda Apollo Kironde
September 1966 Soviet Union Nikolai Fedorenko
October 1966 United Kingdom Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon and Roger Jackling
November 1966 United States Arthur Goldberg
December 1966 Uruguay Pedro P. Berro
January 1967 Argentina Raúl Alberto Quijano
February 1967 Brazil José Sette Câmara
March 1967 Bulgaria Milko Tarabanov
April 1967 Canada George Ignatieff
May 1967 Republic of China Liu Chieh
June 1967 Denmark Hans Tabor
July 1967 Ethiopia Endelkachew Makonnen
August 1967 France Roger Seydoux
September 1967 India Gopalaswami Parthasarathi
October 1967 Japan Senjin Tsuruoka
November 1967 Mali Mamadou Boubacar Kante
December 1967 Nigeria Simeon Adebo
January 1968 Pakistan Agha Shahi
February 1968 Paraguay Miguel Solano Lopez
March 1968 Senegal Ousmane Socé
April 1968 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
May 1968 United Kingdom Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon
June 1968 United States Arthur Goldberg
July 1968 Algeria Tewfik Bouattoura
August 1968 Brazil João Augusto de Araújo Castro
September 1968 Canada George Ignatieff
October 1968 Republic of China Liu Chieh
November 1968 Denmark Otto L. Borch
December 1968 Ethiopia Endelkachew Makonnen
January 1969 Finland Max Jakobson
February 1969 France Armand Berard
March 1969 Hungary Károly Csatorday
April 1969 Nepal Padma Bahadur Khatri
May 1969 Pakistan Agha Shahi
June 1969 Paraguay Miguel Solano Lopez
July 1969 Senegal Ibrahima Boye
August 1969 Spain Jaime de Piniés
September 1969 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
October 1969 United Kingdom Hugh Foot, Baron Caradon
November 1969 United States Charles Yost
December 1969 Zambia Vernon Mwaanga
1970–74[edit]
Presidents from 1970–74:[12]
Dates
State
Name
January 1970 Burundi Terence Nsanze
February 1970 Republic of China Liu Chieh
March 1970 Colombia Joaquín Vallejo Arbeláez
April 1970 Finland Max Jakobson
May 1970 France Jacques Kosciusco-Morizet
June 1970 Nepal Padma Bahadur Khatri
July 1970 Nicaragua Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa
August 1970 Poland Eugeniusz Kulaga
September 1970 Sierra Leone Davidson Nicol
October 1970 Spain Jaime de Piniés
November 1970 Syria George Tomeh
December 1970 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
January 1971 United Kingdom Colin Crowe
February 1971 United States Charles Woodruff Yost
March 1971 Argentina Carlos Ortiz de Rozas
April 1971 Belgium Edouard Longerstaey
May 1971 Burundi Terence Nsanze
June 1971 Republic of China Liu Chieh
July 1971 France Jacques Kosciusco-Morizet
August 1971 Italy Piero Vinci
September 1971 Japan Toru Nakagawa
October 1971 Nicaragua Guillermo Sevilla Sacasa
November 1971 Poland Eugeniusz Kulaga
December 1971 Sierra Leone Ismail Byne Taylor-Kamara
January 1972 Somalia Abdulrahim Abby Farah and Umar Arteh Ghalib
February 1972 Sudan Mansour Khalid, Rahmatalla Abdalla, and Mohammed Fakhreddine
March 1972 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
April 1972 United Kingdom Colin Crowe
May 1972 United States George H. W. Bush
June 1972 Yugoslavia Lazar Mojsov
July 1972 Argentina Carlos Ortiz de Rozas
August 1972 Belgium Edouard Longerstaey
September 1972 People's Republic of China Huang Hua
October 1972 France Louis de Guiringaud
November 1972 Guinea Jeanne-Martin Cissé
December 1972 India Samar Sen
January 1973 Indonesia Chaidir Anwar Sani
February 1973 Kenya Joseph Odero-Jowi
March 1973 Panama Aquilino Boyd, Omar Torrijos, and Juan Antonio Tack
April 1973 Peru Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
May 1973 Sudan Ramatalla Abdulla
June 1973 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
July 1973 United Kingdom Kenneth Jamieson and Colin Crowe
August 1973 United States John A. Scali
September 1973 Yugoslavia Lazar Mojsov
October 1973 Australia Laurence McIntyre
November 1973 Austria Peter Jankowitsch
December 1973 People's Republic of China Huang Hua
January 1974 Costa Rica Gonzalo J. Facio
February 1974 France Louis de Guiringaud
March 1974 Indonesia Chaidir Anwar Sani
April 1974 Iraq Talib Shabib
May 1974 Kenya Charles Gatere Maina
June 1974 Mauritania Moulaye El Hassen
July 1974 Peru Javier Pérez de Cuéllar
August 1974 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
September 1974 United Kingdom Ivor Richard
October 1974 United Republic of Cameroon Michel Njine
November 1974 United States John A. Scali
December 1974 Australia Laurence McIntyre
1975–79[edit]
Presidents from 1975–79:[12]
Dates
State
Name
January 1975 Byelorussian SSR Guerodot G. Tchernouchtchenko
February 1975 People's Republic of China Huang Hua
March 1975 Costa Rica Gonzalo J. Facio and Fernando Salazar
April 1975 France Louis de Guiringaud
May 1975 Guyana Shridath Ramphal
June 1975 Iraq Abdul Karim Al-Shaikhly
July 1975 Italy Eugenio Plaja
August 1975 Japan Shizuo Saito
September 1975 Mauritania Moulaye El Hassen
October 1975 Sweden Olof Rydbeck
November 1975 Soviet Union Yakov Malik
1–15, 17–31 December 1975 United Kingdom Ivor Richard
16 December 1975 United Republic of Cameroon Ferdinand Oyono
January 1976 United Republic of Tanzania Salim Ahmed Salim
February 1976 United States Daniel Patrick Moynihan
March 1976 Benin Thomas S. Boya
April 1976 People's Republic of China Huang Hua
May 1976 France Louis de Guiringaud
June 1976 Guyana Rashleigh E. Jackson and Frederick R. Wills
July 1976 Italy Piero Vinci
August 1976 Japan Isao Abe
September 1976 Libya Mansour Rashid El-Kikhia
October 1976 Pakistan Iqbal A. Akhund
November 1976 Panama Jorge Illueca
December 1976 Romania Ion Datcu
January 1977 Soviet Union Oleg Troyanovsky
February 1977 United Kingdom James Murray
March 1977 United States Andrew Young
April 1977 Venezuela Simón Alberto Consalvi
May 1977 Benin Thomas S. Boya
June 1977 Canada William Hickson Barton
July 1977 People's Republic of China Chen Chu
August 1977 France Jacques Leprette
September 1977 Federal Republic of Germany Rüdiger von Wechmar
October 1977 India Rikhi Jaipal
November 1977 Libya Mansour Rashid El-Kikhia
December 1977 Mauritius Radha Krishna Ramphul and Harold E. Walter
January 1978 Nigeria Joseph Nanven Garba and Leslie O. Harriman
February 1978 Soviet Union Oleg Troyanovsky
March 1978 United Kingdom Ivor Richard
April 1978 United States Andrew Young
May 1978 Venezuela Ruben Carpio Castillo
June 1978 Bolivia Mario Rolon Anaya
July 1978 Canada William Hickson Barton
August 1978 People's Republic of China Chen Chu
September 1978 Czechoslovakia Ilya Hulinsky
October 1978 France Jacques Leprette
November 1978 Gabon Léon N'Dong
December 1978 Federal Republic of Germany Rüdiger von Wechmar
January 1979 Jamaica Donald O. Mills
February 1979 Kuwait Abdalla Y. Bishara
March 1979 Nigeria Leslie O. Harriman
April 1979 Norway Ole Ålgård
May 1979 Portugal Vasco Futscher Pereira
June 1979 Soviet Union Oleg Troyanovsky
July 1979 United Kingdom Ivor Richard
August 1979 United States Andrew Young
September 1979 Zambia Paul J. F. Lusaka
October 1979 Bangladesh Khwaja Mohammed Kaiser
November 1979 Bolivia Sergio Palacios de Vizzio
December 1979 People's Republic of China Chen Chu
1980–84[edit]
Presidents from 1980–84:[13]
Dates
State
Name
January 1980 France Jacques Leprette
February 1980 German Democratic Republic Peter Florin
March 1980 Jamaica Donald O. Mills
April 1980 Mexico Porfirio Muñoz Ledo
May 1980 Niger Ide Oumarou
June 1980 Norway Ole Ålgård
July 1980 Philippines Carlos P. Romulo
August 1980 Portugal Vasco Futscher Pereira
September 1980 Tunisia Taieb Slim
October 1980 Soviet Union Oleg Troyanovsky
November 1980 United Kingdom Anthony Parsons
December 1980 United States Donald McHenry
January 1981 People's Republic of China Ling Qing
February 1981 France Jacques Leprette
March 1981 German Democratic Republic Peter Florin
April 1981 Ireland Noel Dorr
May 1981 Japan Masahiro Nisibori
June 1981 Mexico Porfirio Muñoz Ledo
July 1981 Niger Ide Oumarou
August 1981 Panama Jorge Illueca
September 1981 Philippines Carlos P. Romulo
October 1981 Spain Jaime de Piniés
November 1981 Tunisia Taieb Slim
December 1981 Uganda Olara Otunnu
January 1982 Soviet Union Oleg Troyanovsky
February 1982 United Kingdom Anthony Parsons
March 1982 United States Jeane Kirkpatrick
April 1982 Zaire Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda
May 1982 People's Republic of China Ling Qing
June 1982 France Luc de la Barre de Nanteuil
July 1982 Guyana Noel G. Sinclair
August 1982 Ireland Noel Dorr
September 1982 Japan Masahiro Nisibori
October 1982 Jordan Hazem Nuseibeh
November 1982 Panama Carlos Ozores Typaldos
December 1982 Poland Wlodzimierz Natorf
January 1983 Togo Atsu-Koffi Amega
February 1983 Soviet Union Oleg Troyanovsky
March 1983 United Kingdom John Adam Thomson
April 1983 United States Jeane Kirkpatrick
May 1983 Zaire Umba di Lutete and Gérard Kamanda wa Kamanda
June 1983 Zimbabwe Elleck Mashingaidze
July 1983 People's Republic of China Ling Qing
August 1983 France Luc de la Barre de Nanteuil
September 1983 Guyana Noel G. Sinclair
October 1983 Jordan Abdullah Salah
November 1983 Malta Victor J. Gauci
December 1983 Netherlands Max van der Stoel
January 1984 Nicaragua Francisco Javier Chamorro Mora
February 1984 Pakistan S. Shah Nawaz
March 1984 Peru Javier Arias Stella
April 1984 Ukrainian SSR Volodymyr O. Kravets
May 1984 Soviet Union Oleg Troyanovsky
June 1984 United Kingdom John Adam Thomson
July 1984 United States Jeane Kirkpatrick
August 1984 Upper Volta Leandre Bassole
September 1984 Zimbabwe Elleck Mashingaidze
October 1984 Burkina Faso Basile Laerte Guissou and Leandre Bassole
November 1984 People's Republic of China Ling Qing
December 1984 Egypt Ahmed Tawfik Khalil
1985–89[edit]
Presidents from 1985–89:[13]
Dates
State
Name
January 1985 France Claude de Kemoularia
February 1985 India Natarajan Krishnan
March 1985 Madagascar Blaise Rabetafika
April 1985 Peru Javier Arias Stella
May 1985 Thailand Birabhongse Kasemsri and Siddhi Savetsila
June 1985 Trinidad and Tobago Errol Mahabir and D. H. N. Alleyne
July 1985 Ukrainian SSR Hennadiy Udovenko
August 1985 Soviet Union Oleg Troyanovsky
September 1985 United Kingdom John Adam Thomson and Geoffrey Howe
October 1985 United States Herbert S. Okun and Vernon A. Walters
November 1985 Australia Richard Woolcott
December 1985 Burkina Faso Leandre Bassole
January 1986 People's Republic of China Luye Li
February 1986 People's Republic of the Congo Martin Adouki
March 1986 Denmark Ole Bierring
April 1986 France Claude de Kemoularia
May 1986 Ghana Victor Gbeho
June 1986 Madagascar Blaise Rabetafika
July 1986 Thailand Birabhongse Kasemsri
August 1986 Trinidad and Tobago D. H. N. Alleyne
September 1986 Soviet Union Alexander Belonogov
October 1986 United Arab Emirates Mohammed Hussein Al Shaali
November 1986 United Kingdom John Adam Thomson
December 1986 United States Vernon A. Walters
January 1987 Venezuela Andres Aguilar
February 1987 Zambia Peter D. Zuze
March 1987 Argentina Marcelo Delpech
April 1987 Bulgaria Boris Tsvetkov
May 1987 People's Republic of China Jiahua Huang
June 1987 People's Republic of the Congo Martin Adouki
July 1987 France Jean-Bernard Raimond and Pierre-Louis Blanc
August 1987 Federal Republic of Germany Hans Werner Lautenschlager
September 1987 Ghana Victor Gbeho
October 1987 Italy Maurizio Bucci
November 1987 Japan Kiyoaki Kikuchi
December 1987 Soviet Union Alexander Belonogov
January 1988 United Kingdom Crispin Tickell
February 1988 United States Herbert S. Okun and Vernon A. Walters
March 1988 Yugoslavia Dragoslav Pejic
April 1988 Zambia Peter D. Zuze
May 1988 Algeria Hocine Djoudi
June 1988 Argentina Marcelo Delpech
July 1988 Brazil Paulo Nogueira Batista
August 1988 People's Republic of China Li Luye
September 1988 France Pierre-Louis Blanc
October 1988 Federal Republic of Germany Alexander Graf York von Wartenburg
November 1988 Italy Mario Scialoja and Mr. G. Migliuolo
December 1988 Japan Mr. H. Kagami
January 1989 Malaysia Razali Ismail
February 1989 Nepal J. P. Rana
March 1989 Senegal A. C. Diallo
April 1989 Soviet Union Alexander Belonogov
May 1989 United Kingdom Crispin Tickell
June 1989 United States Thomas R. Pickering
July 1989 Yugoslavia Dragoslav Pejic
August 1989 Algeria Hocine Djoudi
September 1989 Brazil Paulo Nogueira Batista
October 1989 Canada L. Yves Fortier
November 1989 People's Republic of China Li Luye
December 1989 Colombia Enrique Penalosa
1990–94[edit]
Presidents from 1990–94:[14]
Dates
State
Name
January 1990 Côte d'Ivoire Amara Essy
February 1990 Cuba Ricardo Alarcón
March 1990 People's Democratic Republic of Yemen Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal
April 1990 Ethiopia Tesfaye Tadessa
May 1990 Finland Klaus Törnudd
June 1990 France Pierre-Louis Blanc
July 1990 Malaysia Razali Ismail
August 1990 Romania Aurel-Dragos Munteanu
September 1990 Soviet Union Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov and Eduard Shevardnadze
October 1990 United Kingdom David Hannay
November 1990 United States Thomas R. Pickering and James Baker
December 1990 Yemen Abdullah Saleh al-Ashtal
January 1991 Zaire Bagbeni Adeito Nzengeya
February 1991 Zimbabwe Simbarashe Mumbengegwi
March 1991 Austria Peter Hohenfellner
April 1991 Belgium Paul Noterdaeme
May 1991 People's Republic of China Li Daoyu
June 1991 Côte d'Ivoire Jean-Jacques Bechio
July 1991 Cuba Ricardo Alarcón
August 1991 Ecuador José Ayala Lasso
September 1991 France Jean-Bernard Merimee and Roland Dumas
October 1991 India Chinmaya Rajaninath Gharekhan
November 1991 Romania Aurel-Dragos Munteanu
1–21 December 1991 Soviet Union Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov
21–31 December 1991 Russia
January 1992 United Kingdom David Hannay and John Major
February 1992 United States Thomas R. Pickering
March 1992 Venezuela Diego Arria
April 1992 Zimbabwe Simbarashe Mumbengegwi and Stanislaus Garikai Chigwedere
May 1992 Austria Peter Hohenfellner
June 1992 Belgium Paul Noterdaeme
July 1992 Cape Verde José Luís de Jesus
August 1992 People's Republic of China Li Daoyu
September 1992 Ecuador José Ayala Lasso
October 1992 France Jean-Bernard Merimee
November 1992 Hungary Andre Erdos
December 1992 India Chinmaya Rajaninath Gharekhan
January 1993 Japan Yoshio Hatano
February 1993 Morocco Ahmed Snoussi
March 1993 New Zealand Terence Christopher O'Brien and Donald Charles McKinnon
April 1993 Pakistan Jamsheed Marker
May 1993 Russia Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov
June 1993 Spain Juan Antonio Yanez-Barnuevo
July 1993 United Kingdom David Hannay and Mr. —— Richardson
August 1993 United States Madeleine Albright
September 1993 Venezuela Adolfo Taylhardat
October 1993 Brazil Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg
November 1993 Cape Verde
People's Republic of China José Luís de Jesus
Li Zhaoxing
December 1993 People's Republic of China Li Zhaoxing
January 1994 Czech Republic Karel Kovanda
February 1994 Djibouti Roble Olhaye
March 1994 France Jean-Bernard Merimee
April 1994 New Zealand Colin Keating and Donald Charles McKinnon
May 1994 Nigeria Ibrahim Gambari and Baba Gana Kingibe
June 1994 Oman Salim Bin Mohammed Al-Kussaiby
July 1994 Pakistan Jamsheed Marker
August 1994 Russia Yuli Mikhailovich Vorontsov
September 1994 Spain Juan Antonio Yanez-Barnuevo and Francisco Javier Solana de Madariaga
October 1994 United Kingdom David Hannay
November 1994 United States Madeleine Albright
December 1994 Rwanda Manzi Bakuramutsa
1995–99[edit]
Presidents from 1995–99:[14]
Dates
State
Name
January 1995 Argentina Emilio Cárdenas
February 1995 Botswana Joseph Legwaila and Mompati Merafhe
March 1995 People's Republic of China Li Zhaoxing and Xuexian Wang
April 1995 Czech Republic Karel Kovanda and Alexandr Vondra
May 1995 France Jean-Bernard Merimee
June 1995 Germany Detlev Graf zu Rantzau
July 1995 Honduras Gerardo Martinez Blanco and Delmer Urbizio Panting
August 1995 Indonesia Nugroho Wisnumurti
September 1995 Italy Francesco Paolo Fulci and Susanna Agnelli
October 1995 Nigeria Ibrahim Gambari
November 1995 Oman Salim bin Mohammed Al-Khussaiby
December 1995 Russia Sergey Lavrov
January 1996 United Kingdom John Weston
February 1996 United States Madeleine Albright
March 1996 Botswana Joseph Legwaila
April 1996 Chile Juan Somavía
May 1996 People's Republic of China Huasun Qin
June 1996 Egypt Nabil Elaraby
July 1996 France Alain Dejammet
August 1996 Germany Antonius Eitel
September 1996 Guinea-Bissau Alfredo Lopes Cabral
October 1996 Honduras Delmer Urbizio Panting and Gerardo Martinez Blanco
November 1996 Indonesia Nugroho Wisnumurti
December 1996 Italy Francesco Paolo Fulci
January 1997 Japan Hisashi Owada
February 1997 Kenya Njuguna M. Mahugu
March 1997 Poland Zbigniew M. Wlosowicz
April 1997 Portugal Antonio V. M. Monteiro
May 1997 Republic of Korea Park Soo Gil and Chong Ha Yoo
June 1997 Russia Sergey Lavrov
July 1997 Sweden Peter Osvald and Lena Hjelm-Wallén
August 1997 United Kingdom John Weston
September 1997 United States William B. Richardson and Madeleine Albright
October 1997 Chile Juan Somavía
November 1997 People's Republic of China Huasun Qin
December 1997 Costa Rica Fernando Berrocal Soto
January 1998 France Alain Dejammet
February 1998 Gabon Casimir Oyé-Mba and Denis Dangue Réwaka
March 1998 Gambia Momodou Lamin Sedat Jobe and Abdoulie Momodou Sallah
April 1998 Japan Hisashi Owada
May 1998 Kenya Njuguna Mahugu and Bonaya Godana
June 1998 Portugal Antonio V. M. Monteiro and Jaime Gama
July 1998 Russia Sergey Lavrov
August 1998 Slovenia Danilo Türk
September 1998 Sweden Lena Hjelm-Wallén and Hans Dalgren
October 1998 United Kingdom Jeremy Greenstock
November 1998 United States Peter Burleigh
December 1998 Bahrain Jassim Mohammed Buallay
January 1999 Brazil Celso Amorim
February 1999 Canada Robert R. Fowler and Lloyd Axworthy
March 1999 People's Republic of China Qin Huasun
April 1999 France Alain Dejammet
May 1999 Gabon Denis Dangue Réwaka
June 1999 Gambia Baboucarr-Blaise Jagne
July 1999 Malaysia Syed Hamid Albar and Agam Hasmy
August 1999 Namibia Martin Andjaba and Theo-Ben Gurirab
September 1999 Netherlands Peter van Walsum and Jozias van Aartsen
October 1999 Russia Sergey Lavrov
November 1999 Slovenia Danilo Türk and Boris Frlec
December 1999 United Kingdom Jeremy Greenstock and Peter Hain
2000–04[edit]
Presidents from 2000–04:[15]
Dates
State
Name
January 2000 United States Al Gore, Richard Holbrooke, and Madeleine Albright
February 2000 Argentina Arnaldo Manuel Listre and Adalberto Rodríguez Giavarini
March 2000 Bangladesh Anwarul Karim Chowdhury and Abdus Samad Azad
April 2000 Canada Lloyd Axworthy and Robert Fowler
May 2000 People's Republic of China Wang Yingfan
June 2000 France Jean-David Levitte
July 2000 Jamaica Patricia Durrant and Paul Robertson
August 2000 Malaysia Agam Hasmy
September 2000 Mali Moctar Ouane and Alpha Oumar Konaré
October 2000 Namibia Martin Andjaba and Theo-Ben Gurirab
November 2000 Netherlands Peter van Walsum, Jozias van Aartsen, and Eveline Herfkens
December 2000 Russia Sergey Lavrov
January 2001 Singapore Kishore Mahbubani and S. Jayakumar
February 2001 Tunisia Said Ben Mustapha and Habib Ben Yahia
March 2001 Ukraine Valeriy P. Kuchinsky, Volodymyr Yelchenko, and Anatoliy Zlenko
April 2001 United Kingdom Jeremy Greenstock
May 2001 United States James B. Cunningham
June 2001 Bangladesh Anwarul Karim Chowdhury and Abdus Samad Azad
July 2001 People's Republic of China Wang Yingfan
August 2001 Colombia Guillermo Fernández de Soto and Alfonso Valdivieso Sarmiento
September 2001 France Jean-David Levitte
October 2001 Ireland Richard Ryan and Brian Cowen
November 2001 Jamaica Patricia Durrant, P. J. Patterson, and Keith D. Knight
December 2001 Mali Moctar Ouane
January 2002 Mauritius Jagdish Koonjul and Anil Gayan
February 2002 Mexico Adolfo Aguilar Zínser
March 2002 Norway Ole Peter Kolby and Jan Petersen
April 2002 Russia Sergey Lavrov
May 2002 Singapore Kishore Mahbubani and S. Jayakumar
June 2002 Syria Mikhail Wehbe and Farouk al-Sharaa
July 2002 United Kingdom Jeremy Greenstock and Valerie Amos
August 2002 United States John Negroponte and James B. Cunningham
September 2002 Bulgaria Solomon Passy, Stefan Tafrov, Georgi Parvanov, and Rayko Strahilov Raytchev
October 2002 Cameroon Martin Belinga Eboutou
November 2002 People's Republic of China Zhang Yishan and Wang Yingfan
December 2002 Colombia Alfonso Valdivieso Sarmiento and Carolina Barco
January 2003 France Jean-Marc de La Sablière and Dominique de Villepin
February 2003 Germany Gunter Pleuger and Joschka Fischer
March 2003 Guinea François Lonseny Fall and Mamady Traore
April 2003 Mexico Adolfo Aguilar Zínser and Luis Ernesto Derbez
May 2003 Pakistan Munir Akram and Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri
June 2003 Russia Sergey Lavrov
July 2003 Spain Inocencio Arias, Ana Menendez, and Ana Palacio
August 2003 Syria Mikhail Wehbe and Faisal Meqdad
September 2003 United Kingdom Emyr Jones Parry and Jack Straw
October 2003 United States John Negroponte and James B. Cunningham
November 2003 Angola Gaspar Martins
December 2003 Bulgaria Stefan Tafrov and Solomon Passy
January 2004 Chile Heraldo Muñoz and Soledad Alvear
February 2004 People's Republic of China Wang Guangya
March 2004 France Jean-Marc de La Sablière and Pierre-André Wiltzer
April 2004 Germany Gunter Pleuger and Kerstin Müller
May 2004 Pakistan Munir Akram and Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri
June 2004 Philippines Lauro L. Baja, Jr. and Delia Domingo-Albert
July 2004 Romania Mihnea Motoc, Adrian Năstase, and Mircea Geoană
August 2004 Russia Andrey Denisov
September 2004 Spain Juan Antonio Yanez-Barnuevo and Miguel Ángel Moratinos
October 2004 United Kingdom Emyr Jones Parry, Bill Rammell, and Adam Thomson
November 2004 United States John Danforth and Anne W. Patterson
December 2004 Algeria Abdallah Baali and Abdelaziz Belkhadem
2005–09[edit]
Dates
State
Name
January 2005 Argentina César Mayoral and Rafael Bielsa[15]
February 2005 Benin Joel W. Adechi and Rogatien Biaou[15]
March 2005 Brazil Ronaldo Mota Sardenberg[15]
April 2005 People's Republic of China Wang Guangya and Zhang Yishan[15]
May 2005 Denmark Ellen Margrethe Løj, Lars Faaborg-Andersen, and Per Stig Møller[15]
June 2005 France Jean-Marc de La Sablière, Michel Duclos, and Brigitte Collet[15]
July 2005 Greece Adamantios Vassilakis[16]
August 2005 Japan Kenzo Oshima[17]
September 2005 Philippines Lauro L. Baja, Jr.[18] and Bayani Mercado[19]
October 2005 Romania Mihnea Motoc[20] and Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu[21]
November 2005 Russia Andrey Denisov[22]
December 2005 United Kingdom Emyr Jones Parry[23]
January 2006 United Republic of Tanzania Augustine P. Mahiga[24]
February 2006 United States John R. Bolton[25]
March 2006 Argentina César Mayoral[26]
April 2006 People's Republic of China Wang Guangya[27]
May 2006 Republic of the Congo Basile Ikouébé[28] and Pascal Gayama[29]
June 2006 Denmark Ellen Margrethe Løj[30]
July 2006 France Jean-Marc de La Sablière[31]
August 2006 Ghana Nana Effah-Apenteng[32]
September 2006 Greece Adamantios Vassilakis[33]
October 2006 Japan Kenzo Oshima[34]
November 2006 Peru Jorge Voto-Bernales[35]
December 2006 Qatar Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser[36] and Mutlaq Majed al-Qahtani[37]
January 2007 Russia Vitaly Churkin[38]
February 2007 Slovakia Peter Burian[39]
March 2007 South Africa Dumisani Kumalo[40]
April 2007 United Kingdom Emyr Jones Parry[41] and Karen Pierce[42]
May 2007 United States Zalmay Khalilzad[43] and Alejandro Daniel Wolff[44]
June 2007 Belgium Johan C. Verbeke[45]
July 2007 People's Republic of China Wang Guangya[46]
August 2007 Republic of the Congo Pascal Gayama[47]
September 2007 France Jean-Maurice Ripert[48] and Bernard Kouchner[49]
October 2007 Ghana Leslie K. Christian[50]
November 2007 Indonesia Marty Natalegawa[51]
December 2007 Italy Marcello Spatafora[52]
January 2008 Libya Giadalla Ettalhi[53]
February 2008 Panama Ricardo Alberto Arias[54]
March 2008 Russia Vitaly Churkin[55]
April 2008 South Africa Dumisani Kumalo[56]
May 2008 United Kingdom Karen Pierce[57]
June 2008 United States Zalmay Khalilzad[58] and Alejandro Daniel Wolff[59]
July 2008 Vietnam Lê Lương Minh[60]
August 2008 Belgium Jan Grauls[61]
September 2008 Burkina Faso Michel Kafando,[62] Blaise Compaoré[citation needed] and Alain Bédouma Yoda[63]
October 2008 People's Republic of China Zhang Yesui[64] and Liu Zhenmin[65]
November 2008 Costa Rica Jorge Urbina,[66] Óscar Arias Sánchez, Saúl Weisleder,[67] and Jorge Ballestero[68]
December 2008 Croatia Neven Jurica,[69] Stjepan Mesić,[70] and Ivo Sanader[71]
January 2009 France Jean-Maurice Ripert,[72] Bernard Kouchner,[73] and Jean-Pierre Lacroix[74]
February 2009 Japan Yukio Takasu[75]
March 2009 Libya Ibrahim Dabbashi[76] and Abdurrahman Mohamed Shalgham[77]
April 2009 Mexico Claude Heller[78] and Patricia Espinosa[79]
May 2009 Russia Vitaly Churkin[80] and Sergey Lavrov[81]
June 2009 Turkey Baki İlkin[82] and Ahmet Davutoğlu[83]
July 2009 Uganda Ruhakana Rugunda[84] and Sam Kutesa[85]
August 2009 United Kingdom John Sawers[86]
September 2009 United States Susan Rice,[87] Barack Obama[citation needed], Rosemary DiCarlo,[88] and Hillary Clinton[89]
October 2009 Vietnam Lê Lương Minh[90]
November 2009 Austria Thomas Mayr-Harting[91]
December 2009 Burkina Faso Michel Kafando[92]
2010–14[edit]
Dates
State
Name
January 2010 People's Republic of China Zhang Yesui[93]
February 2010 France Gérard Araud[94]
March 2010 Gabon Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet[95]
April 2010 Japan Yukio Takasu[96]
May 2010 Lebanon Nawaf Salam[97]
June 2010 Mexico Claude Heller[98]
July 2010 Nigeria Joy Ogwu[99]
August 2010 Russia Vitaly Churkin[100]
September 2010 Turkey Ertuğrul Apakan,[101] Abdullah Gül,[102] and Ahmet Davutoğlu[103]
October 2010 Uganda Ruhakana Rugunda[104]
November 2010 United Kingdom Mark Lyall Grant[105]
December 2010 United States Susan Rice[106] and Brooke D. Anderson[107]
January 2011 Bosnia and Herzegovina Ivan Barbalić[108]
February 2011 Brazil Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti[109]
March 2011 People's Republic of China Li Baodong[110]
April 2011 Colombia Juan Manuel Santos[111] and Néstor Osorio Londoño[112]
May 2011 France Gérard Araud[113]
June 2011 Gabon Ali Bongo Ondimba,[114] Alfred Moungara Moussotsi,[115] and Emmanuel Issoze-Ngondet[citation needed]
July 2011 Germany Peter Wittig[116] and Guido Westerwelle[117]
August 2011 India Hardeep Singh Puri[118]
September 2011 Lebanon Nawaf Salam,[119] Michel Suleiman,[120] and Najib Mikati[citation needed]
October 2011 Nigeria Joy Ogwu[121]
November 2011 Portugal José Filipe Moraes Cabral[122]
December 2011 Russia Vitaly Churkin[123]
January 2012 South Africa Baso Sangqu[124]
February 2012 Togo Kodjo Menan[125]
March 2012 United Kingdom Mark Lyall Grant[126]
April 2012 United States Susan Rice[127]
May 2012 Azerbaijan Agshin Mehdiyev[128] and Ilham Aliyev[129]
June 2012 People's Republic of China Li Baodong[130] and Wang Min[131]
July 2012 Colombia Néstor Osorio Londoño[132]
August 2012 France Gérard Araud[133]
September 2012 Germany Peter Wittig[134]
October 2012 Guatemala Gert Rosenthal[135] and Harold Caballeros[136]
November 2012 India Hardeep Singh Puri[137]
December 2012 Morocco Mohammed Loulichki[138] and Saad-Eddine El Othmani[139]
January 2013 Pakistan Masood Khan[140] and Hina Rabbani Khar[141]
February 2013 Republic of Korea Kim Sook[142] and Kim Sung-hwan[143]
March 2013 Russia Vitaly Churkin[144]
April 2013 Rwanda Eugène-Richard Gasana[145] and Louise Mushikiwabo[146]
May 2013 Togo Kodjo Menan[147]
June 2013 United Kingdom Mark Lyall Grant[148]
July 2013 United States Rosemary DiCarlo[149]
August 2013 Argentina María Perceval[150] and Agustín Rossi[151]
September 2013 Australia Gary Quinlan[152] and Julie Bishop[153]
October 2013 Azerbaijan Agshin Mehdiyev[154] and Elmar Mammadyarov[155]
November 2013 People's Republic of China Liu Jieyi[156]
December 2013 France Gérard Araud[157] and Alexis Lamek[158]
January 2014 Jordan Zeid Ra'ad Zeid Al-Hussein[159]
February 2014 Lithuania Raimonda Murmokaitė[160] and Linas Antanas Linkevičius[161]
March 2014 Luxembourg Sylvie Lucas[162]
April 2014 Nigeria Joy Ogwu[163]
May 2014 Republic of Korea Oh Joon[164]
June 2014 Russian Federation Vitaly Churkin[165]
July 2014 Rwanda Eugène-Richard Gasana[166]
August 2014 United Kingdom Mark Lyall Grant[167]
September 2014 United States Samantha Power[168]
October 2014 Argentina María Cristina Perceval[169]
November 2014 Australia Gary Quinlan[170]
December 2014 Chad Mahamat Zene Cherif[171]
2015–19[edit]
Dates
State
Name
January 2015 Chile Cristian Barros[172]
February 2015 People's Republic of China Liu Jieyi[173]
March 2015 France François Delattre[174]
April 2015 Jordan Dina Kawar[175]
May 2015 Lithuania Raimonda Murmokaitė[176]
June 2015 Malaysia Ramlan Bin Ibrahim[177]
July 2015 New Zealand Gerard van Bohemen[178]
August 2015 Nigeria Joy Ogwu[179]
September 2015 Russia Vitaly Churkin[180]
October 2015 Spain Román Oyarzun Marchesi[181]
November 2015 United Kingdom Matthew Rycroft[182]
December 2015 United States Samantha Power[183]
January 2016 Uruguay Elbio Rosselli[184]
February 2016 Venezuela Rafael Darío Ramírez Carreño[185]
March 2016 Angola Gaspar Martins[186]
April 2016 People's Republic of China Liu Jieyi[187]
May 2016 Egypt Amr Abdellatif Aboulatta[188]
June 2016 France François Delattre[189]
July 2016 Japan Koro Bessho[190]
August 2016 Malaysia Ramlan Bin Ibrahim[191] and Ahmad Zahid Hamidi[192]
September 2016 New Zealand Gerard van Bohemen[193] and John Key[194]
October 2016 Russia Vitaly Churkin[195]
November 2016 Senegal Fodé Seck[196]
December 2016 Spain Román Oyarzun Marchesi[197]
January 2017 Sweden Olof Skoog[198]
February 2017 Ukraine Volodymyr Yelchenko[199]
March 2017 United Kingdom Matthew Rycroft[200]
April 2017 United States Nikki Haley
May 2017 Uruguay Elbio Rosselli
June 2017 Bolivia Sacha Llorenty[201]
July 2017 People's Republic of China Liu Jieyi
August 2017 Egypt Amr Abdellatif Aboulatta[202]
September 2017 Ethiopia Tekeda Alemu[203]
October 2017 France (scheduled)
November 2017 Italy (scheduled)
December 2017 Japan (scheduled)
See also[edit]
United Nations Security Council Resolution 14
President of the United Nations General Assembly
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ United Nations Charter, ch. V, s. 30.
Jump up ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter IV, rule 18
Jump up ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter III, rule 13
Jump up ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter I, Rules 1 and 2
Jump up ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter II, Rule 7
Jump up ^ Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council, Chapter IV, Rule 19
Jump up ^ UN Security Council: Presidential Statements 2008
Jump up ^ Notes by the president of the Security Council
Jump up ^ Presidents of the Security Council : 1946-1949, un.org.
^ Jump up to: a b Presidents of the Security Council : 1950-1959, un.org.
^ Jump up to: a b Presidents of the Security Council : 1960-1969, un.org.
^ Jump up to: a b Presidents of the Security Council : 1970-1979, un.org.
^ Jump up to: a b Presidents of the Security Council : 1980-1989, un.org.
^ Jump up to: a b Presidents of the Security Council : 1990-1999, un.org.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Presidents of the Security Council : 2000–, un.org.[dead link]
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On London Terrorist Attack". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Press Statement By Security Council President On Assassination Of Sri Lanka’S Foreign Minister". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "PRESS STATEMENT BY PRESIDENT OF SECURITY COUNCIL ON 14 SEPTEMBER MEETING". Un.org. 2005-09-14. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Press Statement On Guinea-Bissau By Security Council President". Un.org. 2005-09-22. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Press Statement On Liberian Elections By Security Council President". Un.org. 2005-10-14. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Iraq". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia And Eritrea". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Remarks By Iran’S President". Un.org. 2005-12-09. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Work Of Commission Investigating Killing Of Former Lebanese Prime Minister Hariri". Un.org. 2006-01-17. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Press Statement On Haiti By Security Council President". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia And Eritrea". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Press Statement On Chad, Darfur By Security Council President". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Press Statement On Afghanistan Terror Attack By Security Council President". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Press Statement By Security Council President On Democratic Republic Of Congo". Un.org. 2006-05-30. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "SECURITY COUNCIL PRESS STATEMENT CONCERNING 3 JUNE ATTACK ON RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S BAGHDAD DIPLOMATS". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Central African Republic". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Democratic Republic Of Congo". Un.org. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan". Un.org. 2006-09-11. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan". Un.org. 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Security Council Press Statement On Situation In Haiti". Un.org. 2006-11-16. Retrieved 2012-12-26.
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Fiji
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Darfur
Jump up ^ Press Conference By Security Council President
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Somalia
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Côte D’Ivoire
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Timor-Leste
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Sudan
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia, Eritrea
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Haiti
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq-Kuwait
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Central African Republic
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Darfur
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Democratic Republic Of Congo
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Lebanon
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Côte D’Ivoire
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan Attack
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq-Kuwait
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Central African Republic, Chad
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Ethiopia And Eritrea
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Darfur
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Haiti
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Burundi
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq-Kuwait
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Kabul Bomb Attack
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Terrorist Attack In Lebanon
Jump up ^ Security Council Strongly Condemns Deadly Terrorist Attack In Lebanon
Jump up ^ Secretary-General, Former Top Special Adviser Join High-Level Meeting As Security Council Stresses Importance Of Mediation In Peaceful Settlement Of Disputes
Jump up ^ Security Council Presidency by China in October 2008
Jump up ^ Build On Positive Trends To Reverse Deteriorating Situation In Afghanistan, Says Secretary-General’S Special Representative While Briefing Security Council
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Guinea-Bissau
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Somalia
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Guinea-Bissau
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On United Nations Regional Centre For Preventive Diplomacy For Central Asia
Jump up ^ SECURITY COUNCIL, EXPRESSING DEEP CONCERN OVER ‘CONTINUOUS TERRORIST ATTACKS’, CALLS FOR RENEWAL OF GLOBAL SOLIDARITY AGAINST THREAT MANIFESTED AFTER 9/11
Jump up ^ Adopting Text On Middle East Conflict, Security Council Reaffirms Support For Annapolis Outcomes, Declares Negotiations ‘Irreversible’
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Lord’S Resistance Army
Jump up ^ As Security Council Meets On Gaza, Secretary-General Calls For Swift Ceasefire, Says ‘We Must Move From Debate To Action, And Must Do So Immediately’
Jump up ^ Briefing Security Council, High Commissioner For Refugees Says Situations In Iraq, Somalia Key To Rising Numbers Of Displaced Persons Worldwide
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Iraq Elections
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Special Tribunal For Lebanon
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Somalia
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Democratic Republic Of Congo
Jump up ^ SECURITY COUNCIL REAFFIRMS COMMITMENT TO ADDRESS WIDESPREAD IMPACT OF ARMED CONFLICT ON CHILDREN, AFTER HEARING OVER 60 SPEAKERS IN DAY-LONG DEBATE
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Sri Lanka
Jump up ^ Security Council Presidential Statement Reiterates Urgent Need For Renewed Efforts To Achieve Comprehensive Peace In Middle East
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Burundi
Jump up ^ Security Council Commends Iraq On Important Efforts To Strengthen Democracy, Improve Security, Combat Sectarian Violence, In Presidential Statement
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On United Nations Organization Mission In Democratic Republic Of The Congo
Jump up ^ Security Council Presidential Statement Stresses Importance Of Launching Peacebuilding Efforts In Immediate Post-Conflict Period
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement On Afghanistan Elections
Jump up ^ Security Council Expresses Concern at Delay in Publication of Provisional Voters List for 29 November Presidential Election in Côte d’Ivoire
Jump up ^ Decisions on Forming Effective Government in Afghanistan Will Determine Prospects for Ending Conflict, Top Official Tells Security Council in Briefing
Jump up ^ Security Council Adopts Text Mandating Peacekeeping Missions to Protect Women, Girls from Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on the Kabul Bomb Attack
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Elections in Afghanistan
Jump up ^ Security Council, in Statement, Condemns 3 December Terrorist Attack in Somalia
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Haiti Earthquake
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Afghanistan Conference in London
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Côte d’Ivoire
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Guinea-Bissau
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Darfur
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Iraq Election Certification
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Lebanon
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Panel of Inquiry on 31 May Flotilla Incident
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Côte d’Ivoire
Jump up ^ Security Council Summit Pledges to Continue Strengthening Activities for Maintenance of International Peace, Security
Jump up ^ Security Council Concerned about Continuing Threat of Terrorism, Including Actions Driven by Intolerance, Extremism
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Abuja Bombings
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Election in Côte d’Ivoire
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Côte d’Ivoire Elections
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Côte d’Ivoire
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Southern Sudan Referendum
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Democratic Republic of Congo
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Côte d’Ivoire
Jump up ^ Recognizing Interconnected Nature of Haiti’s Long-term Development Challenges, Security Council Reiterates Need for Sustained International Support
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Afghanistan
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Abyei, Sudan
Jump up ^ Unanimously Adopting 1983 (2011), Security Council Encourages Inclusion of HIV Prevention, Treatment, Care, Support in Implementing Peacekeeping Mandates
Jump up ^ Security Council Statement on Development Fund for Iraq
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Central African Republic
Jump up ^ Adopting Resolution 1999 (2011) Without Vote, Security Council Recommends Admission of Republic of South Sudan as United Nations Member
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on United Nations Peacekeepers in Abyei
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attack in India
Jump up ^ Security Council Pledges Strengthened UN Effectiveness in Preventing Conflict, Including Through Use of Early Warning, Preventive Deployment, Mediation
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Somalia
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Abyei
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Democratic Republic of the Congo
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Damascus Terrorist Attack
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Sudan’s Southern Kordofan, Blue Nile States
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Syria
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Mali
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Democratic Republic of the Congo
Jump up ^ U.N. Security Council, 67th year. Provisional Verbatim Record of the Six-thousand seven-hundred and sixty-fifth Meeting Held at Headquarters, New York, On Friday, 4 May 2012. (S/PV.6765) 4 May 2012
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Central African Republic
Jump up ^ https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs//2012/sc10693.doc.htm
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on the Contribution of Courts and Tribunals in the Fight against Impunity
Jump up ^ Security Council, in Presidential Statement, Condemns Aerial Bombardments, Other Violations by Sudan, South Sudan
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Terrorist Attacks in Iraq
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Killing of Peacekeepers in Darfur
Jump up ^ Haiti’s ‘Steady Progress’ Justifies Recommendation to Extend Peacekeeping Mandate, Secretary-General’s Special Representative Tells Security Council
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Situation in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo
Jump up ^ Security Council Press Statement on Situation between Iraq and Kuwait
Jump up ^ Security Council, in Statement, Calls for Comprehensive Strategy for Beleaguered Sahel Region; Secretary-General Sees 'Sustained, Systemic Crisis'
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ [3]
Jump up ^ [4]
Jump up ^ [5]
Jump up ^ [6]
Jump up ^ [7]
Jump up ^ [8]
Jump up ^ [9]
Jump up ^ [10]
Jump up ^ [11]
Jump up ^ "SC/11105". United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Retrieved 31 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Press Conference by Security Council President on Work Programme for September". United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Retrieved 5 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Security Council adopts first-ever resolution dedicated to question of small arms, light weapons". United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Retrieved 28 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "President of the United Nations Security Council". United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Retrieved 2 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Security Council advocates greater ties with Organization of Islamic Cooperation to resolve conflict in Middle East, other strife-torn regions". United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Security Council press statement on journalists killed in Mali". United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "Press Conference by Security Council President on work programme for december". United Nations Department of Public information, News and Media Division, New York. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Reviewing international criminal tribunals, Security Council welcomes their aim of ending impunity, generating extensive case law". United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Retrieved 6 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "SC/11239 - Security Council Press Statement on Attack in Lebanon". United Nations Department of Public Information, News and Media Division, New York. Retrieved 5 January 2014.
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References[edit]
Sydney Dawson Bailey and Sam Daws (1998, 3d ed.). The Procedure of the UN Security Council. (New York: Oxford University Press) ISBN 0-19-828073-4
Hans Kelsen (1950). The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Fundamental Problems (New York : F.A. Praeger)
Edward C. Luck (2006). The UN Security Council: A Primer. (New York: Routlege) ISBN 0-415-35531-1
External links[edit]
UN Security Council Presidency, official website
Presidents of the Security Council in ..., United Nations Documentation, un.org
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Commission of Responsibilities
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American Commission to Negotiate Peace
Commission of Responsibilities
The Inquiry
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The Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on Enforcement of Penalties was a commission established at the Paris Peace Conference, in 1919. Its role was to examine the background of the war as well as investigate and recommend individuals for prosecution for committing war crimes during the First World War.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Composition of the Commission
3 Recommendations made by the Commission
3.1 Majority opinion
3.2 Dissenting opinion by the US delegation
3.3 Dissenting opinion by the Japanese delegation
4 Legacy of the Commission
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
Background[edit]
During the First World War, the Allied governments had decided to try defeated leaders whom they considered responsible for violations of international law and the laws of war. For that purpose, it was decided to establish an expert committee to make recommendations to that effect. Following the conclusion of the Armistice in November 1918, preparations began. The defeated German government officially concurred with the initiative on grounds that:
"A complete truthful account of the world conditions and of the negotiations among the powers in July 1914 and of the steps taken at that time by the several governments could and would go far toward demolishing the walls of hatred and misconstruction erected by the long war to separate the peoples":[1]
In addition, the German government proposed the establishment of a neutral committee of experts to study the matter. The Allied governments refused, claiming that:
"they (the Allied governments) do not consider that the German proposal requires any reply as the responsibility of Germany for the war has been long ago incontestably proved".[2]
Composition of the Commission[edit]
The commission was established at the conference plenary session of January 25, 1919, and consisted of representatives of the five major Allied powers – the USA, the British Empire, France, Italy, and Japan – with the addition of Belgium, Greece, Poland, Romania and Serbia (later: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes). Its members were as follows:[3][4][5]
USA:
Robert Lansing, United States Secretary of State
James Brown Scott
British Empire:
Gordon Hewart, Attorney General
or: Ernest Pollock, Solicitor General
William Massey, Prime Minister of New Zealand
France:
André Tardieu, Commissioner General for Franco-American Affairs of War
alternate: Captain R. Masson
Ferdinand Larnaude, Dean of the Paris Law Faculty
Italy:
Vittorio Scialoja, Senator, Foreign Minister after 26 November 1919
alternates: A. Ricci-Busatti, chief of the claims section in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Gustavo Tosti, Consul General
Raimondo
then: G. Brambilla, Counselor of Legation (3 February)
then: M. d'Amelio, counselor to the Court of Cassation (16 February)
Japan:
Mineichirō Adachi, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Belgium
Harukazu Nagaoka, counselor of the Japanese Embassy in France
then: Sakutaro Tachi, law professor at Tokyo Imperial University (15 February)
Belgium:
Edouard Rolin-Jaequemyns, Secretary General of the Belgian Delegation to the Peace Conference
Greece:
Nikolaos Politis, Foreign Minister
Poland:
Constantin Skirmunt, member of the Polish National Committee
then: Leon Łubieński, member of the Polish National Committee (14 February)
Romania:
S. Rosental, legal consultant
Serbia (later: Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes):
Slobodan Jovanović, law professor at the University of Belgrade
alternates: Kosta Kumanudi, law professor at the University of Belgrade, and Mileta Novaković, lecturer at the University of Belgrade
The Commission was divided into three sub-commissions as follows:
on Criminal Acts, charged with investigating into war crimes allegations
on Responsibility for the War, charged with recommending which individuals to indict for bringing about the war (on the diplomatic level)
on Responsibility for the Violation of the Laws and Customs of War, charged with deciding whom to indict for crimes committed during the war
Recommendations made by the Commission[edit]
Majority opinion[edit]
The Commission submitted its report on 29 March 1919. It concluded that blame for the war lay in the first instance with the governments of Germany and Austria-Hungary, and secondly with those of Bulgaria and Turkey.[6] It recommended the establishment of an additional commission for a more exhaustive study of the alleged crimes of the defeated powers.[7] It further recommended the establishment of an international tribunal for the prosecution of suspected war criminals, with no immunity from prosecution even for defeated heads of state. It recommended that the tribunal should consist of 22 judges, three from each of the five major powers and an additional six from other countries.[8]
Dissenting opinion by the US delegation[edit]
The US delegates submitted their own opinion on 4 April 1919, expressing their reservations on the report. They suggested refraining from prosecuting heads of state, and focusing instead on lower levels of the government and military. They also suggested that defeated leaders or commanders should not be charged with acts not considered criminal at the time of their commission, i.e. that rules of conduct should not be imposed retroactively. They also argued that there should not be a permanent international tribunal for war crimes, but that, following any future war, such a tribunal should be established by the governments of the nations directly affected.[9]
Dissenting opinion by the Japanese delegation[edit]
On the same day the US delegation submitted its minority opinion, the Japanese delegation submitted its own reservations. The Japanese delegation's main reservation was about the demand to indict heads of state for violations.[10]
Legacy of the Commission[edit]
The Commission's recommendations were not carried through at the time. The proposed international tribunal for war crimes was not established, because of the refusal of the German government to cooperate. Instead, a few German individuals accused of war crimes were tried in 1921 at the Leipzig War Crimes Trials by the German authorities themselves. However, the recommendations did bear fruit in the longer term. Following the Second World War, two international Allied tribunals were established in Nuremberg and Tokyo to try German and Japanese leaders accused of war crimes. The demand for a permanent tribunal for crimes against humanity continued even after those tribunals had been dissolved, leading eventually to the establishment of the International Criminal Court in 2002.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Communication from the German government to the US government, December 2, 1918, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1919: The Paris Peace Conference, vol. II, 71-72
Jump up ^ Acting US Secretary of State (Frank Lyon Polk) to the Commission to Negotiate Peace, January 6, 1919, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1919: The Paris Peace Conference, vol. II, p. 73
Jump up ^ "Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on Enforcement of Penalities". American Journal of International Law. 14 (1/2): 95–154. 1920.
Jump up ^ Violations of the Laws and Customs of War: Reports of Majority and Dissenting Reports American and Japanese Members of the Commission of Responsibilities, Conference of Paris, 1919, pp. 1-2 (hereafter: Commission Report).
Jump up ^ Foreign Relations of the United States, 1919: The Paris Peace Conference, vol. III, pp. 203-205
Jump up ^ Commission Report, p. 4
Jump up ^ Commission Report, p. 19
Jump up ^ International Law Commission, Historical Survey of the Question of International Criminal Jurisdiction (UN Document: A/CN.4/7/Rev.1) p. 7 (hereafter: ILC Study).
Jump up ^ ILC Study, p. 8.
Jump up ^ Text in "Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on Enforcement of Penalities" American Journal of International Law, Vol. 14, No. 1 (Jan.-Apr., 1920), pp. 95-154.
Further reading[edit]
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Violations of the Laws and Customs of War: Reports of Majority and Dissenting Reports American and Japanese Members of the Commission of Responsibilities, Conference of Paris, 1919 (London and New York, 1919)
International Law Commission, Historical Survey of the Question of International Criminal Jurisdiction (New York, 1949) (UN Document: A/CN.4/7/Rev.1)
External links[edit]
List of members of the commission
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Covenant of the League of Nations
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Organisation
Minority Treaties
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