text:
Hydrogen sulfide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Hydrogen sulfide
Names
Systematic IUPAC name
Hydrogen sulfide[1]
Other names
Dihydrogen monosulfide
Dihydrogen sulfide
Sewer gas
Sulfane
Sulfurated hydrogen
Sulfureted hydrogen
Sulfuretted hydrogen
Sulfur hydride
Hydrosulfuric acid
Hydrothionic acid
Thiohydroxic acid
Sulfhydric acid
Identifiers
CAS Number
7783-06-4 Y
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
3DMet B01206
Beilstein Reference
3535004
ChEBI
CHEBI:16136 Y
ChEMBL
ChEMBL1200739 N
ChemSpider
391 Y
ECHA InfoCard 100.029.070
EC Number 231-977-3
Gmelin Reference
303
KEGG
C00283 Y
MeSH Hydrogen+sulfide
PubChem CID
402
RTECS number MX1225000
UNII
YY9FVM7NSN Y
UN number 1053
InChI[show]
InChI=1S/H2S/h1H2 Y
Key: RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
InChI=1/H2S/h1H2
Key: RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYAJ
SMILES[show]
[H]S[H]
Properties
Chemical formula
H2S
Molar mass 34.08 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Rotten eggs
Density 1.363 g dm−3
Melting point −82 °C (−116 °F; 191 K)
Boiling point −60 °C (−76 °F; 213 K)
Solubility in water
4 g dm−3 (at 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 1740 kPa (at 21 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 7.0[2][3]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)
−25.5·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)
1.000644 (0 °C)[4]
Structure
Point group
C2v
Molecular shape
Bent
Dipole moment
0.97 D
Thermochemistry
Specific
heat capacity (C)
1.003 J K−1 g−1
Std molar
entropy (So298)
206 J mol−1 K−1[5]
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfHo298)
−21 kJ mol−1[5]
Hazards
Safety data sheet External MSDS[6]
EU classification (DSD) (outdated)
F+ T+ N
R-phrases (outdated) R12, R26, R50
S-phrases (outdated) (S1/2), S9, S16, S36, S38, S45, S61
NFPA 704
4
4
0
Flash point −82.4 °C (−116.3 °F; 190.8 K) [9]
Autoignition
temperature
232 °C (450 °F; 505 K)
Explosive limits 4.3–46%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LC50 (median concentration)
713 ppm (rat, 1 hr)
673 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)
634 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)
444 ppm (rat, 4 hr)[8]
LCLo (lowest published)
600 ppm (human, 30 min)
800 ppm (human, 5 min)[8]
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
C 20 ppm; 50 ppm [10-minute maximum peak][7]
REL (Recommended)
C 10 ppm (15 mg/m3) [10-minute][7]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
100 ppm[7]
Related compounds
Related hydrogen chalcogenides
Water
Hydrogen selenide
Hydrogen telluride
Hydrogen polonide
Hydrogen disulfide
Sulfanyl
Related compounds
Phosphine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is Y N ?)
Infobox references
Hydrogen sulfide is the chemical compound with the formula H
2S. It is a colorless gas with the characteristic odor of rotten eggs. It is very poisonous, corrosive, and flammable.[10]
Hydrogen sulfide often results from the microbial breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen gas, such as in swamps and sewers; this process is commonly known as anaerobic digestion. H
2S also occurs in volcanic gases, natural gas, and in some sources of well water. The human body produces small amounts of H
2S and uses it as a signaling molecule.
Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele is credited with having discovered hydrogen sulfide in 1777.
The British English spelling of this compound is hydrogen sulphide, but this spelling is not recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) or the Royal Society of Chemistry.
Contents
[hide]
1 Properties
2 Production
3 Uses
3.1 Production of sulfur, thioorganic compounds, and alkali metal sulfides
3.2 Analytical chemistry
3.3 Precursor to metal sulfides
3.4 Miscellaneous applications
4 Occurrence
4.1 Removal from water
4.2 Removal from fuel gases
5 Safety
5.1 Toxicity
5.2 Incidents
5.3 Suicides
6 Research
7 Induced hypothermia and suspended animation
8 Participant in the sulfur cycle
9 Mass extinctions
10 Life adapted to hydrogen sulfide
11 See also
12 References
13 Additional resources
14 External links
Properties[edit]
Hydrogen sulfide is slightly denser than air; a mixture of H
2S and air can be explosive. Hydrogen sulfide burns in oxygen with a blue flame to form sulfur dioxide (SO
2) and water. In general, hydrogen sulfide acts as a reducing agent, especially in the presence of base, which forms SH−.
At high temperatures or in the presence of catalysts, sulfur dioxide reacts with hydrogen sulfide to form elemental sulfur and water. This reaction is exploited in the Claus process, an important industrial method to dispose of hydrogen sulfide.
Hydrogen sulfide is slightly soluble in water and acts as a weak acid (pKa = 6.9 in 0.01–0.1 mol/litre solutions at 18 °C), giving the hydrosulfide ion HS−. Hydrogen sulfide and its solutions are colorless. When exposed to air, it slowly oxidizes to form elemental sulfur, which is not soluble in water. The sulfide anion S2− is not formed in aqueous solution[11].
Hydrogen sulfide reacts with metal ions to form metal sulfides, which are insoluble, often dark colored solids. Lead(II) acetate paper was once used to detect hydrogen sulfide because it readily converts to lead(II) sulfide, which is black. Treating metal sulfides with strong acid often liberates hydrogen sulfide.
At pressures above 90 GPa (gigapascal), hydrogen sulfide becomes a metallic conductor of electricity. When cooled below a critical temperature this high-pressure phase exhibits superconductivity. The critical temperature increases with pressure, ranging from 23 K at 100 GPa to 150 K at 200 GPa.[12] If hydrogen sulfide is pressurized at higher temperatures, then cooled, the critical temperature reaches 203 K (−70 °C), the highest accepted superconducting critical temperature as of 2015. By substituting a small part of sulfur with phosphorus and using even higher pressures, it has been predicted that it may be possible to raise the critical temperature to above 0 °C (273 K) and achieve room-temperature superconductivity.[13]
Production[edit]
Hydrogen sulfide is most commonly obtained by its separation from sour gas, which is natural gas with high content of H
2S. It can also be produced by treating hydrogen with molten elemental sulfur at about 450 °C. Hydrocarbons can serve as a source of hydrogen in this process.[14]
Sulfate-reducing (resp. sulfur-reducing) bacteria generate usable energy under low-oxygen conditions by using sulfates (resp. elemental sulfur) to oxidize organic compounds or hydrogen; this produces hydrogen sulfide as a waste product.
A standard lab preparation is to treat ferrous sulfide with a strong acid in a Kipp generator:
FeS + 2 HCl → FeCl2 + H2S
For use in qualitative inorganic analysis, thioacetamide is used to generate H
2S:
CH3C(S)NH2 + H2O → CH3C(O)NH2 + H2S
Many metal and nonmetal sulfides, e.g. aluminium sulfide, phosphorus pentasulfide, silicon disulfide liberate hydrogen sulfide upon exposure to water:[15]
6 H2O + Al2S3 → 3 H2S + 2 Al(OH)3
This gas is also produced by heating sulfur with solid organic compounds and by reducing sulfurated organic compounds with hydrogen.
Water heaters can aid the conversion of sulfate in water to hydrogen sulfide gas. This is due to providing a warm environment sustainable for sulfur bacteria and maintaining the reaction which interacts between sulfate in the water and the water heater anode, which is usually made from magnesium metal.[16]
Uses[edit]
Production of sulfur, thioorganic compounds, and alkali metal sulfides[edit]
The main use of hydrogen sulfide is as a precursor to elemental sulfur. Several organosulfur compounds are produced using hydrogen sulfide. These include methanethiol, ethanethiol, and thioglycolic acid.[14]
Upon combining with alkali metal bases, hydrogen sulfide converts to alkali hydrosulfides such as sodium hydrosulfide and sodium sulfide:
H2S + NaOH → NaSH + H2O
NaSH + NaOH → Na2S + H2O
These compounds are used in the paper making. Specifically, salts of SH− break bonds between lignin and cellulose components of pulp in the Kraft process.[14]
Analytical chemistry[edit]
For well over a century, hydrogen sulfide was important in analytical chemistry, in the qualitative inorganic analysis of metal ions. In these analyses, heavy metal (and nonmetal) ions (e.g., Pb(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), As(III)) are precipitated from solution upon exposure to H
2S. The components of the resulting precipitate redissolve with some selectivity, and are thus identified.
Precursor to metal sulfides[edit]
As indicated above, many metal ions react with hydrogen sulfide to give the corresponding metal sulfides. This conversion is widely exploited. For example, gases or waters contaminated by hydrogen sulfide can be cleaned with metals, by forming metal sulfides. In the purification of metal ores by flotation, mineral powders are often treated with hydrogen sulfide to enhance the separation. Metal parts are sometimes passivated with hydrogen sulfide. Catalysts used in hydrodesulfurization are routinely activated with hydrogen sulfide, and the behavior of metallic catalysts used in other parts of a refinery is also modified using hydrogen sulfide.
Miscellaneous applications[edit]
Hydrogen sulfide is used to separate deuterium oxide, or heavy water, from normal water via the Girdler sulfide process.
Scientists from the University of Exeter discovered that cell exposure to small amounts of hydrogen sulfide gas can prevent mitochondrial damage. When the cell is stressed with disease, enzymes are drawn into the cell to produce small amounts of hydrogen sulfide. This study could have further implications on preventing strokes, heart disease and arthritis.[17]
Hydrogen sulfide may have anti-aging properties by blocking destructive chemicals within the cell, bearing similar properties to resveratrol, an antioxidant found in red wine.[18]
Occurrence[edit]
Deposit of sulfur on a rock, caused by volcanic gas
Small amounts of hydrogen sulfide occur in crude petroleum, but natural gas can contain up to 90%. Volcanoes and some hot springs (as well as cold springs) emit some H
2S, where it probably arises via the hydrolysis of sulfide minerals, i.e. MS + H
2O → MO + H
2S.[citation needed] Hydrogen sulfide can be present naturally in well water, often as a result of the action of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Hydrogen sulfide is created by the human body in small doses through bacterial breakdown of proteins containing sulfur in the intestinal tract. It is also produced in the mouth (halitosis).[19]
A portion of global H
2S emissions are due to human activity. By far the largest industrial source of H
2S is petroleum refineries: The hydrodesulfurization process liberates sulfur from petroleum by the action of hydrogen. The resulting H
2S is converted to elemental sulfur by partial combustion via the Claus process, which is a major source of elemental sulfur. Other anthropogenic sources of hydrogen sulfide include coke ovens, paper mills (using the Kraft process), tanneries and sewerage. H
2S arises from virtually anywhere where elemental sulfur comes in contact with organic material, especially at high temperatures. Depending on environmental conditions, it is responsible for deterioration of material through the action of some sulfur oxidizing microorganisms. It is called biogenic sulfide corrosion.
In 2011 it was reported that increased concentration of H
2S, possibly due to oil field practices, was observed in the Bakken formation crude and presented challenges such as "health and environmental risks, corrosion of wellbore, added expense with regard to materials handling and pipeline equipment, and additional refinement requirements".[20]
Besides living near a gas and oil drilling operations, ordinary citizens can be exposed to hydrogen sulfide by being near waste water treatment facilities, landfills and farms with manure storage. Exposure occurs through breathing contaminated air or drinking contaminated water.[21]
Removal from water[edit]
A number of processes designed to remove hydrogen sulfide from drinking water.[22]
Continuous chlorination
For levels up to 75 mg/L chlorine is used in the purification process as an oxidizing chemical to react with hydrogen sulfide. This reaction yields insoluble solid sulfur. Usually the chlorine used is in the form of sodium hypochlorite.[23]
Aeration
For concentrations of hydrogen sulfide less than 2 mg/L aeration is an ideal treatment process. Oxygen is added to water and a reaction between oxygen and hydrogen sulfide react to produce odorless sulfate[24]
Nitrate addition
Calcium nitrate can be used to prevent hydrogen sulfide formation in wastewater streams.
Removal from fuel gases[edit]
Hydrogen sulfide is commonly found in raw natural gas and biogas. It is typically removed by amine gas treating technologies. In such processes, the hydrogen sulfide is first converted to an ammonium salt, whereas the natural gas is unaffected.
RNH2 + H2S ⇌ RNH+
3 + SH−
The bisulfide anion is subsequently regenerated by heating of the amine sulfide solution. Hydrogen sulfide generated in this process is typically converted to elemental sulfur using the Claus Process.
Process flow diagram of a typical amine treating process used in petroleum refineries, natural gas processing plants and other industrial facilities.
Safety[edit]
Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic and flammable gas (flammable range: 4.3–46%). Being heavier than air, it tends to accumulate at the bottom of poorly ventilated spaces. Although very pungent at first, it quickly deadens the sense of smell, so victims may be unaware of its presence until it is too late. For safe handling procedures, a hydrogen sulfide safety data sheet (SDS) should be consulted.[25]
Toxicity[edit]
Hydrogen sulfide is a broad-spectrum poison, meaning that it can poison several different systems in the body, although the nervous system is most affected. The toxicity of H
2S is comparable with that of carbon monoxide.[26] It binds with iron in the mitochondrial cytochrome enzymes, thus preventing cellular respiration.
Since hydrogen sulfide occurs naturally in the body, the environment, and the gut, enzymes exist to detoxify it. At some threshold level, believed to average around 300–350 ppm, the oxidative enzymes become overwhelmed. Many personal safety gas detectors, such as those used by utility, sewage and petrochemical workers, are set to alarm at as low as 5 to 10 ppm and to go into high alarm at 15 ppm. Detoxification is effected by oxidation to sulfate, which is harmless.[27] Hence, low levels of hydrogen sulfide may be tolerated indefinitely.
Diagnostic of extreme poisoning by H
2S is the discolouration of copper coins in the pockets of the victim. Treatment involves immediate inhalation of amyl nitrite, injections of sodium nitrite, or administration of 4-dimethylaminophenol in combination with inhalation of pure oxygen, administration of bronchodilators to overcome eventual bronchospasm, and in some cases hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).[26] HBOT has clinical and anecdotal support.[28][29][30]
Exposure to lower concentrations can result in eye irritation, a sore throat and cough, nausea, shortness of breath, and fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema).[26] These effects are believed to be due to the fact that hydrogen sulfide combines with alkali present in moist surface tissues to form sodium sulfide, a caustic.[31] These symptoms usually go away in a few weeks.
Long-term, low-level exposure may result in fatigue, loss of appetite, headaches, irritability, poor memory, and dizziness. Chronic exposure to low level H
2S (around 2 ppm) has been implicated in increased miscarriage and reproductive health issues among Russian and Finnish wood pulp workers,[32] but the reports have not (as of circa 1995) been replicated.
Short-term, high-level exposure can induce immediate collapse, with loss of breathing and a high probability of death. If death does not occur, high exposure to hydrogen sulfide can lead to cortical pseudolaminar necrosis, degeneration of the basal ganglia and cerebral edema.[26] Although respiratory paralysis may be immediate, it can also be delayed up to 72 hours.[33]
0.00047 ppm or 0.47 ppb is the odor threshold, the point at which 50% of a human panel can detect the presence of an odor without being able to identify it.[34]
10 ppm is the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) (8 hour time-weighted average).[19]
10–20 ppm is the borderline concentration for eye irritation.
20 ppm is the acceptable ceiling concentration established by OSHA.[19]
50 ppm is the acceptable maximum peak above the ceiling concentration for an 8-hour shift, with a maximum duration of 10 minutes.[19]
50–100 ppm leads to eye damage.
At 100–150 ppm the olfactory nerve is paralyzed after a few inhalations, and the sense of smell disappears, often together with awareness of danger.[35][36]
320–530 ppm leads to pulmonary edema with the possibility of death.[26]
530–1000 ppm causes strong stimulation of the central nervous system and rapid breathing, leading to loss of breathing.
800 ppm is the lethal concentration for 50% of humans for 5 minutes' exposure (LC50).
Concentrations over 1000 ppm cause immediate collapse with loss of breathing, even after inhalation of a single breath.
Incidents[edit]
Hydrogen sulfide was used by the British Army as a chemical weapon during World War I. It was not considered to be an ideal war gas, but, while other gases were in short supply, it was used on two occasions in 1916.[37]
In 1975, a hydrogen sulfide release from an oil drilling operation in Denver City, Texas, killed nine people and caused the state legislature to focus on the deadly hazards of the gas. State Representative E L Short took the lead in endorsing an investigation by the Texas Railroad Commission and urged that residents be warned "by knocking on doors if necessary" of the imminent danger stemming from the gas. One may die from the second inhalation of the gas, and a warning itself may be too late.[38]
On September 2, 2005, a leak in the propeller room of a Royal Caribbean Cruise Liner docked in Los Angeles resulted in the deaths of 3 crewmen due to a sewage line leak. As a result, all such compartments are now required to have a ventillation system.[39][40]
A dump of toxic waste containing hydrogen sulfide is believed to have caused 17 deaths and thousands of illnesses in Abidjan, on the West African coast, in the 2006 Côte d'Ivoire toxic waste dump.
In 2014, Levels of Hydrogen Sulfide as high as 83 ppm have been detected at a recently built mall in Thailand called Siam Square One at the Siam Square area. Shop tenants at the mall reported health complications such as sinus inflammation, breathing difficulties and eye irritation. After investigation it was determined that the large amount of gas originated from imperfect treatment and disposal of waste water in the building.[41]
In November 2014, a substantial amount of hydrogen sulfide gas shrouded the central, eastern and southeastern parts of Moscow. Residents living in the area were urged to stay indoors by the emergencies ministry. Although the exact source of the gas was not known, blame had been placed on a Moscow oil refinery.[42]
In June 2016, a mother and her daughter were found deceased in their still-running Porsche Cayenne SUV against a guardrail on Florida's Turnpike, initially thought to be victims of Carbon monoxide poisoning.[43][44] Their deaths remained unexplained as the medical examiner waited for results of toxicology tests on the victims,[45] until urine tests revealed that hydrogen sulfide was the cause of death.[46] A report from the Orange-Osceola Medical Examiner’s Office indicated that toxic fumes came from the Porsche’s battery, located under the front passenger seat.[47][48]
In January 2017, three utility workers in Key Largo, Florida, died one by one within seconds of descending into a narrow space beneath a manhole cover to check a section of paved street,[49] the hole was filled with hydrogen sulfide and methane gas created from years of rotted vegetation.[50] In an attempt to save the men, a firefighter who entered the hole without his air tank (because he could not fit through the hole with it) collapsed within seconds and had to be rescued by a colleague.[51][52] The firefighter was airlifted to Jackson Memorial Hospital and later recovered.[53][54]
Suicides[edit]
The gas, produced by mixing certain household ingredients, was used in a suicide wave in 2008 in Japan.[55] The wave prompted staff at Tokyo's suicide prevention center to set up a special hot line during "Golden Week", as they received an increase in calls from people wanting to kill themselves during the annual May holiday.[56]
As of 2010, this phenomenon has occurred in a number of US cities, prompting warnings to those arriving at the site of the suicide.[57][58][59][60][61] These first responders, such as emergency services workers or family members are at risk of death from inhaling lethal quantities of the gas, or by fire.[62][63] Local governments have also initiated campaigns to prevent such suicides.
Research[edit]
Hydrogen sulfide is derived from cysteine by the enzymes cystathionine beta-synthase, cystathionine gamma-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Hydrogen sulfide may act as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor from which it could affect vascular resistance,[64] and may be an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.[65] The gas is metabolized to sulfite in the mitochondria by thiosulfate reductase, and the sulfite is further oxidized to thiosulfate and sulfate by sulfite oxidase. The sulfates are excreted in the urine.[66]
Hydrogen sulfide is under preliminary research for its potential actions in the brain where it could increase the response of the NMDA receptor and facilitate long term potentiation.[67] Its effects are potentially similar to those of nitric oxide, whereby hydrogen sulfide may have an effect on cardiovascular disease.[64] Although both nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide relax blood vessels in vitro, their mechanisms of action differ: nitric oxide activates the enzyme guanylyl cyclase, whereas H
2S activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels in smooth muscle cells.[68]
Induced hypothermia and suspended animation[edit]
In 2005, it was shown that mice can be put into a state of suspended animation-like hypothermia by applying a low dosage of hydrogen sulfide (81 ppm H
2S) in the air. The breathing rate of the animals sank from 120 to 10 breaths per minute and their temperature fell from 37 °C to just 2 °C above ambient temperature (in effect, they had become cold-blooded). The mice survived this procedure for 6 hours and afterwards showed no negative health consequences.[69] In 2006 it was shown that the blood pressure of mice treated in this fashion with hydrogen sulfide did not significantly decrease.[70]
A similar process known as hibernation occurs naturally in many mammals and also in toads, but not in mice. (Mice can fall into a state called clinical torpor when food shortage occurs.) If the H
2S-induced hibernation can be made to work in humans, it could be useful in the emergency management of severely injured patients, and in the conservation of donated organs. In 2008, hypothermia induced by hydrogen sulfide for 48 hours was shown to reduce the extent of brain damage caused by experimental stroke in rats.[71]
As mentioned above, hydrogen sulfide binds to cytochrome oxidase and thereby prevents oxygen from binding, which leads to the dramatic slowdown of metabolism. Animals and humans naturally produce some hydrogen sulfide in their body; researchers have proposed that the gas is used to regulate metabolic activity and body temperature, which would explain the above findings.[72]
Two recent studies cast doubt that the effect can be achieved in larger mammals. A 2008 study failed to reproduce the effect in pigs, concluding that the effects seen in mice were not present in larger mammals.[73] Likewise a paper by Haouzi et al. noted that there is no induction of hypometabolism in sheep, either.[74]
At the February 2010 TED conference, Mark Roth announced that hydrogen sulfide induced hypothermia in humans had completed Phase I clinical trials.[75] The clinical trials commissioned by the company he helped found, Ikaria, were however withdrawn or terminated by August 2011.[76][77]
Participant in the sulfur cycle[edit]
Main article: Sulfur cycle
Sludge from a pond; the black color is due to metal sulfides
Hydrogen sulfide is a central participant in the sulfur cycle, the biogeochemical cycle of sulfur on Earth.[78]
In the absence of oxygen, sulfur-reducing and sulfate-reducing bacteria derive energy from oxidizing hydrogen or organic molecules by reducing elemental sulfur or sulfate to hydrogen sulfide. Other bacteria liberate hydrogen sulfide from sulfur-containing amino acids; this gives rise to the odor of rotten eggs and contributes to the odor of flatulence.
As organic matter decays under low-oxygen (or hypoxic) conditions (such as in swamps, eutrophic lakes or dead zones of oceans), sulfate-reducing bacteria will use the sulfates present in the water to oxidize the organic matter, producing hydrogen sulfide as waste. Some of the hydrogen sulfide will react with metal ions in the water to produce metal sulfides, which are not water-soluble. These metal sulfides, such as ferrous sulfide FeS, are often black or brown, leading to the dark color of sludge.
Several groups of bacteria can use hydrogen sulfide as fuel, oxidizing it to elemental sulfur or to sulfate by using dissolved oxygen, metal oxides (e.g., Fe oxyhydroxides and Mn oxides) or nitrate as oxidant.[79]
The purple sulfur bacteria and the green sulfur bacteria use hydrogen sulfide as electron donor in photosynthesis, thereby producing elemental sulfur. (In fact, this mode of photosynthesis is older than the mode of cyanobacteria, algae, and plants, which uses water as electron donor and liberates oxygen.)
The biochemistry of hydrogen sulfide is an important part of the chemistry of the iron-sulfur world. In this model of the origin of life on Earth, geologically produced hydrogen sulfide is postulated as an electron donor driving the reduction of carbon dioxide.[80]
Mass extinctions[edit]
Main article: Anoxic event
A hydrogen sulfide bloom (green) stretching for about 150km along the coast of Namibia. As oxygen-poor water reaches the coast, bacteria in the organic-matter rich sediment produce hydrogen sulfide which is toxic to fish. (The image is taken from a bird's eye view.)
Hydrogen sulfide has been implicated in several mass extinctions that have occurred in the Earth's past. In particular, a buildup of hydrogen sulfide in the atmosphere may have caused the Permian-Triassic extinction event 252 million years ago.[81]
Organic residues from these extinction boundaries indicate that the oceans were anoxic (oxygen-depleted) and had species of shallow plankton that metabolized H
2S. The formation of H
2S may have been initiated by massive volcanic eruptions, which emitted carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere, which warmed the oceans, lowering their capacity to absorb oxygen that would otherwise oxidize H
2S. The increased levels of hydrogen sulfide could have killed oxygen-generating plants as well as depleted the ozone layer, causing further stress. Small H
2S blooms have been detected in modern times in the Dead Sea and in the Atlantic ocean off the coast of Namibia.[81]
Life adapted to hydrogen sulfide[edit]
High levels of hydrogen sulfide are lethal to most animals, but a few highly specialized species (extremophiles) do thrive in habitats that are rich in this chemical.[82]
Freshwater springs rich in hydrogen sulfide are mainly home to invertebrates, but also include a small number of fish: Cyprinodon bobmilleri (a pupfish from Mexico), Limia sulphurophila (a poeciliid from the Dominican Republic), Gambusia eurystoma (a poeciliid from Mexico), and a few Poecilia (poeciliids from Mexico).[82][83] Invertebrates and microorganisms in some cave systems, such as Movile Cave, are adapted to high levels of hydrogen sulfide.[84]
In the deep sea, hydrothermal vents and cold seeps with high levels of hydrogen sulfide are home to a number of extremely specialized lifeforms, ranging from bacteria to fish.[which?][85] Because of the absence of light at these depths, these ecosystems rely on chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis.[86]
See also[edit]
Amine gas treating
Gasotransmitters
Hydrogen chalcogenide
Induced hypothermia
Jenkem
Sewer gas
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Hydrogen Sulfide - PubChem Public Chemical Database". The PubChem Project. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
Jump up ^ Perrin, D.D. (1982). Ionisation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases in Aqueous Solution (2nd ed.). Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Jump up ^ Bruckenstein, S.; Kolthoff, I.M., in Kolthoff, I.M.; Elving, P.J. Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 1, pt. 1; Wiley, NY, 1959, pp. 432–433.
Jump up ^ Patnaik, Pradyot (2002). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-049439-8.
^ Jump up to: a b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles (6th ed.). Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 0-618-94690-X.
Jump up ^ http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/HY/hydrogen_sulfide.html
^ Jump up to: a b c "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0337". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Jump up to: a b "Hydrogen sulfide". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
Jump up ^ "Hydrogen sulfide". npi.gov.au.
Jump up ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-08-037941-9.
Jump up ^ May, P.M.; Batka, D.; Hefter, G.; Könignberger, E.; Rowland, D. (2018). "Goodbye to S2-". Chem. Comm. doi:10.1039/c8cc00187a.
Jump up ^ Drozdov, A.; Eremets, M. I.; Troyan, I. A. (2014). "Conventional superconductivity at 190 K at high pressures". arXiv:1412.0460  [cond-mat.supr-con].
Jump up ^ Cartlidge, Edwin (18 August 2015). "Superconductivity record sparks wave of follow-up physics". Nature News. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c Francois Pouliquen; Claude Blanc; Emmanuel Arretz; Ives Labat; Jacques Tournier-Lasserve; Alain Ladousse; Jean Nougayrede; Gérard Savin; Raoul Ivaldi; Monique Nicolas; Jean Fialaire; René Millischer; Charles Azema; Lucien Espagno; Henri Hemmer; Jacques Perrot (200). "Hydrogen Sulfide". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Chemical Industry. doi:10.1002/14356007.a13_467.
Jump up ^ McPherson, William (1913). Laboratory manual. Boston: Ginn and Company. p. 445.
Jump up ^ "Why Does My Water Smell Like Rotten Eggs? Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Bacteria in Well Water". Minnesota Department of Health. Minnesota Department of Health. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Stampler, Laura. "A Stinky Compound May Protect Against Cell Damage, Study Finds". Time. Time. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Khan, Natasha. "Rotten Egg Gas Seen Offering Promise of Extending Life". Bloomberg. Bloomberg. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (July 2006). "Toxicological Profile For Hydrogen Sulfide" (PDF). p. 154. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
Jump up ^ OnePetro. "Home - OnePetro". onepetro.org.
Jump up ^ "Hydrogen Sulfide" (PDF). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
Jump up ^ Lemley, Ann T.; Schwartz, John J.; Wagenet, Linda P. "Hydrogen Sulfide in Household Drinking Water" (PDF). Cornell University.
Jump up ^ "Hydrogen Sulfide (Rotten Egg Odor) in Pennsylvania Groundwater Wells". Penn State. Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
Jump up ^ McFarland, Mark L.; Provin, T. L. "Hydrogen Sulfide in Drinking Water Treatment Causes and Alternatives" (PDF). Texas A&M University. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
Jump up ^ Iowa State University, Department of Chemistry MSDS. "Hydrogen Sulfide Material Safety Data Sheet" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Lindenmann, J.; Matzi, V.; Neuboeck, N.; Ratzenhofer-Komenda, B.; Maier, A; Smolle-Juettner, F. M. (December 2010). "Severe hydrogen sulphide poisoning treated with 4-dimethylaminophenol and hyperbaric oxygen". Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 40 (4): 213–217. PMID 23111938. Retrieved 2013-06-07.
Jump up ^ Ramasamy, S.; Singh, S.; Taniere, P.; Langman, M. J. S.; Eggo, M. C. (2006). "Sulfide-detoxifying enzymes in the human colon are decreased in cancer and upregulated in differentiation". Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 291 (2): G288–96. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00324.2005. PMID 16500920. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
Jump up ^ Gerasimon, G.; Bennett, S.; Musser, J.; Rinard, J. (May 2007). "Acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning in a dairy farmer". Clin. Toxicol. 45 (4): 420–423. doi:10.1080/15563650601118010. PMID 17486486. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
Jump up ^ Belley, R.; Bernard, N.; Côté, M; Paquet, F.; Poitras, J. (July 2005). "Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of two cases of hydrogen sulfide toxicity from liquid manure". CJEM. 7 (4): 257–261. doi:10.1017/s1481803500014408. PMID 17355683. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
Jump up ^ Hsu, P.; Li, H.-W.; Lin, Y.-T. (1987). "Acute hydrogen sulfide poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen". J. Hyperbaric Med. 2 (4): 215–221. ISSN 0884-1225. Retrieved 2008-07-22.
Jump up ^ Lewis, R.J. (1996). Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 1–3 (9th ed.). New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Jump up ^ Hemminki, K.; Niemi, M. L. (1982). "Community study of spontaneous abortions: relation to occupation and air pollution by sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon disulfide". Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 51 (1): 55–63. doi:10.1007/bf00378410. PMID 7152702.
Jump up ^ "The chemical suicide phenomenon". Firerescue1.com. 2011-02-07. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
Jump up ^ Iowa State University Extension (May 2004). "The Science of Smell Part 1: Odor perception and physiological response" (PDF). PM 1963a. Retrieved 2012-06-20.
Jump up ^ USEPA; Health and Environmental Effects Profile for Hydrogen Sulfide p.118-8 (1980) ECAO-CIN-026A
Jump up ^ Zenz, C.; Dickerson, O.B.; Horvath, E.P. (1994). Occupational Medicine (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO. p. 886.
Jump up ^ Foulkes, Charles Howard (2001) [First published Blackwood & Sons, 1934]. "Gas!" The story of the special brigade. Published by Naval & Military P. p. 105. ISBN 1-84342-088-0.
Jump up ^ Howard Swindle, "The Deadly Smell of Success". Texas Monthly, June 1975. June 1975. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
Jump up ^ County of Los Angeles: Department of Public Health (PDF) http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/acd/reports/spclrpts/spcrpt05/DeathsHydrogenSulfide05.pdf. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Gas Kills 3 Crewmen on Ship". Los Angeles Times.
Jump up ^ "Do not breathe: Dangerous, toxic gas found at Siam Square One". Coconuts Bangkok. Coconuts Media. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Russian capital Moscow shrouded in noxious gas". BBC News Europe. British Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 1 December 2014.
Jump up ^ "Sources: Mom, daughter found dead in Porsche likely died from carbon monoxide". WFTV. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2017. Both had red skin and rash-like symptoms, and had vomited, sources said.
Jump up ^ Salinger, Tobias (4 October 2016). "Woman, girl died after inhaling hydrogen sulfide, coroners say". New York Daily News. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Lotan, Gal Tziperman (4 October 2016). "Hydrogen sulfide inhalation killed mother, toddler found on Florida's Turnpike in June". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Zilber, Ariel. "Florida woman and her daughter who died in Porsche inhaled toxic gas". dailymail.co.uk. Mail Online. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Kealing, Bob. "Medical examiner confirms suspected cause of deaths in Turnpike mystery". Archived from the original on 2016-10-05. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
Jump up ^ Bell, Lisa (19 March 2017). "Hidden car dangers you should be aware of". ClickOrlando.com. Produced by Donovan Myrie. WKMG-TV. Retrieved 28 April 2017. Porsche Cayennes, along with a few other vehicles, have their batteries in the passenger compartment.
Jump up ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/amphtml/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/01/18/three-utility-workers-descend-to-their-deaths-in-florida-manhole-overcome-by-fumes/
Jump up ^ Rabin, Charles; Goodhue, David (16 January 2017). "Three Keys utility workers die in wastewater trench". Miami Herald. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Herrin, Becky (16 January 2017). "Detectives investigating deaths of three men". floridakeyssheriff.blogspot.com. Monroe County Sheriff's Office. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Goodhue, David (17 January 2017). "Firefighter who tried to save 3 men in a manhole is fighting for his life". Miami Herald. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Key Largo firefighter takes first steps since nearly getting killed". WSVN. 18 January 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Firefighter who survived Key Largo rescue attempt that killed 3 leaves hospital". Sun-Sentinel. Associated Press. 26 January 2017. Retrieved 28 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dangerous Japanese 'Detergent Suicide' Technique Creeps Into U.S". Wired.com. Wired. March 13, 2009.
Jump up ^ Namiki, Noriko (2008-05-22). "Terrible Twist in Japan Suicide Spates - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
Jump up ^ http://info.publicintelligence.net/LARTTAChydrogensulfide.pdf
Jump up ^ http://info.publicintelligence.net/MAchemicalsuicide.pdf
Jump up ^ http://info.publicintelligence.net/illinoisH2Ssuicide.pdf
Jump up ^ http://info.publicintelligence.net/NYhydrogensulfide.pdf
Jump up ^ http://info.publicintelligence.net/KCTEWhydrogensulfide.pdf
Jump up ^ dhmh.maryland.gov Archived January 3, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Scoville, Dean (April 2011). "Chemical Suicides - Article - POLICE Magazine". Policemag.com. Retrieved 2013-12-19.
^ Jump up to: a b Lefer, David J. (November 2007). "A new gaseous signaling molecule emerges: Cardioprotective role of hydrogen sulfide". PNAS. 104 (46): 17907–17908. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10417907L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0709010104. PMC 2084269  . PMID 17991773. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
Jump up ^ Paul, B. D.; Snyder, S. H. (2012). "H2S signalling through protein sulfhydration and beyond". Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 13 (8): 499–507. doi:10.1038/nrm3391. PMID 22781905.
Jump up ^ Kamoun, Pierre (July 2004). "H2S, a new neuromodulator". Médecine/Sciences. 20 (6–7): 697–700. doi:10.1051/medsci/2004206-7697. PMID 15329822.
Jump up ^ Kimura, Hideo (2002). "Hydrogen sulfide as a neuromodulator". Molecular Neurobiology. 26 (1): 13–19. doi:10.1385/MN:26:1:013. PMID 12392053.
Jump up ^ Toxic Gas, Lifesaver, Scientific American, March 2010
Jump up ^ "BBC News - Science/Nature - Mice put in 'suspended animation'". bbc.co.uk.
Jump up ^ "BBC News - Science/Nature - Mice put in 'suspended animation'". bbc.co.uk.
Jump up ^ Florian, B.; Vintilescu, R.; Balseanu, A. T.; Buga, A.-M.; Grisk, O.; Walker, L. C.; Kessler, C.; Popa-Wagner, A. (2008). "Long-term hypothermia reduces infarct volume in aged rats after focal ischemia". Neuroscience Letters. 438 (2): 180–185. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.020. PMID 18456407.
Jump up ^ Roth, Mark B.; Nystul, Todd (1 June 2005). "Buying Time in Suspended Animation". Scientific American.
Jump up ^ Li, Jia; Zhang, Gencheng; Cai, Sally; Redington, Andrew N. (January 2008). "Effect of inhaled hydrogen sulfide on metabolic responses in anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated piglets". Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 9 (1): 110–112. doi:10.1097/01.PCC.0000298639.08519.0C. PMID 18477923. Retrieved 2008-02-07. H2S does not appear to have hypometabolic effects in ambiently cooled large mammals and conversely appears to act as a hemodynamic and metabolic stimulant.
Jump up ^ Haouzi, P.; Notet, V.; Chenuel, B.; Chalon, B; Sponne, I.; Ogier, V.; et al. (2008). "H2S induced hypometabolism in mice is missing in sedated sheep". Respir. Physiol. Neurobiol. 160 (1): 109–115. doi:10.1016/j.resp.2007.09.001. PMID 17980679.
Jump up ^ "Mark Roth: Suspended animation is within our grasp".
Jump up ^ "IK-1001 (Sodium Sulfide (Na2S) for Injection) in Subjects With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction". ClinicalTrials.gov. 2010-11-04. This study has been withdrawn prior to enrollment. ( Company decision. Non-safety related )
Jump up ^ "Reduction of Ischemia-Reperfusion Mediated Cardiac Injury in Subjects Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery". ClinicalTrials.gov. 2011-08-03. This study has been terminated. ( Study Terminated - Company decision )
Jump up ^ Barton, Larry L.; Fardeau, Marie-Laure; Fauque, Guy D. (2014). "Chapter 10. Hydrogen Sulfide: A Toxic Gas Produced by Dissimilatory Sulfate and Sulfur Reduction and Consumed by Microbial Oxidation". In Kroneck, Peter M.H.; Sosa Torres, Martha E. The Metal-Driven Biogeochemistry of Gaseous Compounds in the Environment. Metal Ions in Life Sciences. 14. Springer. pp. 237–277. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9269-1_10.
Jump up ^ Jørgensen, B. B.; Nelson, D. C. (2004). "Sulfide oxidation in marine sediments: Geochemistry meets microbiology". In Amend, J. P.; Edwards, K. J.; Lyons, T. W. Sulfur Biogeochemistry – Past and Present. Geological Society of America. pp. 36–81.
Jump up ^ "The very first surface organism can be characterized as a catalyst for accelerating the formation of pyrite by providing a catalytic pathway for the flow of electrons from hydrogen sulfide to carbon dioxide." Wächtershäuser, Günter (1988-12-01). "Before enzymes and templates: theory of surface metabolism". Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 52 (4): 452–84. PMC 373159  . PMID 3070320. Retrieved July 25, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Impact From the Deep" in the October 2006 issue of Scientific American
^ Jump up to: a b Tobler, M; Riesch, R.; García de León, F. J.; Schlupp, I.; Plath, M. (2008). "Two endemic and endangered fishes, Poecilia sulphuraria (Álvarez, 1948) and Gambusia eurystoma Miller, 1975 (Poeciliidae, Teleostei) as only survivors in a small sulphidic habitat". Journal of Fish Biology. 72 (3): 523–533. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01716.x.
Jump up ^ Palacios, Maura; Arias-Rodríguez, Lenín; Plath, Martin; Eifert, Constanze; Lerp, Hannes; Lamboj, Anton; Voelker, Gary; Tobler, Michael (2013). "The Rediscovery of a Long Described Species Reveals Additional Complexity in Speciation Patterns of Poeciliid Fishes in Sulfide Springs". PLoS ONE. 8 (8): e71069. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071069. PMC 3745397  . PMID 23976979.
Jump up ^ Kumaresan, Deepak; Wischer, Daniela; Stephenson, Jason; Hillebrand-Voiculescu, Alexandra; Murrell, J. Colin (2014). "Microbiology of Movile Cave—A Chemolithoautotrophic Ecosystem". Geomicrobiology Journal. 31 (3): 186–193. doi:10.1080/01490451.2013.839764. ISSN 0149-0451.
Jump up ^ Bernardino, Angelo F.; Levin, Lisa A.; Thurber, Andrew R.; Smith, Craig R. (2012). "Comparative Composition, Diversity and Trophic Ecology of Sediment Macrofauna at Vents, Seeps and Organic Falls". PLoS ONE. 7 (4): e33515. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033515. PMC 3319539  . PMID 22496753.
Jump up ^ "Hydrothermal Vents". Marine Society of Australia. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
Additional resources[edit]
Committee on Medical and Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants (1979). Hydrogen Sulfide. Baltimore: University Park Press. ISBN 0-8391-0127-9.
Siefers, Andrea (2010). A novel and cost-effective hydrogen sulfide removal technology using tire derived rubber particles (MS thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved 8 February 2013.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hydrogen sulfide.
International Chemical Safety Card 0165
Concise International Chemical Assessment Document 53
National Pollutant Inventory - Hydrogen sulfide fact sheet
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
NACE (National Association of Corrosion Epal)
[show]
v
t
e
Hydrogen compounds
H3AsO3
H3AsO4
HAt
HSO3F
HBF4
HBr
HBrO
HBrO2
HBrO3
HBrO4
HCl
HClO
HClO2
HClO3
HClO4
HCN
HCNO
H2CrO4/H2Cr2O7
H2CO3
H2CS3
HF
HFΟ
HI
HIO
HIO2
HIO3
HIO4
HMnO4
H2MoO4
HNC
NaHCO3
HNCO
HNO
HNO2
HNO3
H2N2O2
HNO5S
H3NSO3
H2O
H2O2
H2O3
H3PO2
H3PO3
H3PO4
H4P2O7
H5P3O10
H2PtCl6
H2S
H2S2
H2Se
H2SeO3
H2SeO4
H4SiO4
H2SiF6
HSCN
HNSC
H2SO3
H2SO4
H2SO5
H2S2O3
H2S2O6
H2S2O7
H2S2O8
CF3SO3H
H2Te
H2TeO3
H6TeO6
H4TiO4
H2Po
HCo(CO)4
[show]
v
t
e
Neurotransmitters
Amino acid-derived
Major excitatory/inhibitory systems: Glutamate system: Agmatine
Aspartic acid (aspartate)
Cycloserine
Glutamic acid (glutamate)
Glutathione
Glycine
GSNO
GSSG
Kynurenic acid
NAA
NAAG
Proline
Serine; GABA system: GABA
GABOB
GHB; Glycine system: α-Alanine
β-Alanine
Glycine
Hypotaurine
Proline
Sarcosine
Serine
Taurine; GHB system: GHB
T-HCA (GHC)
Biogenic amines: Monoamines: 6-OHM
Dopamine
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
NAS (normelatonin)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Serotonin (5-HT); Trace amines: 3-Iodothyronamine
N-Methylphenethylamine
N-Methyltryptamine
m-Octopamine
p-Octopamine
Phenylethanolamine
Phenethylamine
Synephrine
Tryptamine
m-Tyramine
p-Tyramine; Others: Histamine
Neuropeptides: See here instead.
Lipid-derived
Endocannabinoids: 2-AG
2-AGE (noladin ether)
2-ALPI
2-OG
AA-5-HT
Anandamide (AEA)
DEA
LPI
NADA
NAGly
OEA
Oleamide
PEA
RVD-Hpα
SEA
Virodhamine (O-AEA)
Neurosteroids: See here instead.
Nucleobase-derived
Nucleosides: Adenosine system: Adenosine
ADP
AMP
ATP
Vitamin-derived
Cholinergic system: Acetylcholine
Miscellaneous
Gasotransmitters: Carbon monoxide (CO)
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Nitric oxide (NO); Candidates: Acetaldehyde
Ammonia (NH3)
Carbonyl sulfide (COS)
Nitrous oxide (N2O)
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
[show]
v
t
e
Damps
Afterdamp
Blackdamp
Firedamp
Stinkdamp
Whitedamp
[show]
v
t
e
Sulfur compounds
Al2S3
As2S2
As2S3
As5S2
As4S4
Au2S3
B2S3
BaS
BeS
Bi2S3
Br2S2
CS2
C3S2
CaS
CdS
CeS
SCl2
S2Cl2
CoS
Cr2S3
CuS
D2S
Dy2S3
Er2S3
EuS
SF4
SF6
FeS2
GaS
H2S
HfS2
HgS
InS
LaS
LiS
MgS
MoS3
NiS
SO2
SO3
P4S7
PbS
PbS2
PtS
ReS2
SrS
TlS
SV
SeS2
S2U
WS2
Sb2S3
Sb2S5
Sm2S3
Y2S3
Ag2SO4
SOBr2
CSTe
C2H4S
C2H6S3
C4H4S
CaSO4
C32H66S2
CuFeS2
H2SO4
H2SO3
F2OS
NaHS
K2SO3
O3S3Sb4
Yb2(SO4)3
AlKO8S2
CHCl3S
KSCN
CdSO3
PSCl3
SOCl2
Cs2O4S
Re2S7
Na2S
K2S
H2S2O7
H2SO5
NH5S
HgSO4
K2SO4
RaSO4
SnSO4
SrSO4
Zr(SO4)2
Ti(SO4)2
Tm2(SO4)3
AlNa(SO4)2
Er2(SO4)3
Eu2(SO4)3
CHNS
Co(SCN)2
C2H3SN
PSI3
ZrS2
SiS
CSSe
Chemical formulas
[show]
v
t
e
Molecules detected in outer space
Molecules
Diatomic
Aluminium monochloride
Aluminium monofluoride
Aluminium monoxide
Argonium
Carbon monophosphide
Carbon monosulfide
Carbon monoxide
Carborundum
Cyanogen radical
Diatomic carbon
Fluoromethylidynium
Hydrogen chloride
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen (molecular)
Hydroxyl radical
Iron(II) oxide
Magnesium monohydride cation
Methylidyne radical
Nitric oxide
Nitrogen (molecular)
Nitrogen monohydride
Nitrogen sulfide
Oxygen (molecular)
Phosphorus monoxide
Phosphorus mononitride
Potassium chloride
Silicon carbide
Silicon mononitride
Silicon monoxide
Silicon monosulfide
Sodium chloride
Sodium iodide
Sulfur monohydride
Sulfur monoxide
Titanium oxide

Triatomic
Aluminium hydroxide
Aluminium isocyanide
Amino radical
Carbon dioxide
Carbonyl sulfide
CCP radical
Chloronium
Diazenylium
Dicarbon monoxide
Disilicon carbide
Ethynyl radical
Formyl radical
Hydrogen cyanide (HCN)
Hydrogen isocyanide (HNC)
Hydrogen sulfide
Hydroperoxyl
Iron cyanide
Isoformyl
Magnesium cyanide
Magnesium isocyanide
Methylene radical
N2H+
Nitrous oxide
Nitroxyl
Ozone
Phosphaethyne
Potassium cyanide
Protonated molecular hydrogen
Sodium cyanide
Sodium hydroxide
Silicon carbonitride
c-Silicon dicarbide
Silicon naphthalocyanine
Sulfur dioxide
Thioformyl
Thioxoethenylidene
Titanium dioxide
Tricarbon
Water
Four
atoms
Acetylene
Ammonia
Cyanic acid
Cyanoethynyl
Cyclopropynylidyne
Formaldehyde
Fulminic acid
HCCN
Hydrogen peroxide
Hydromagnesium isocyanide
Isocyanic acid
Isothiocyanic acid
Ketenyl
Methylene amidogen
Methyl radical
Propynylidyne
Protonated carbon dioxide
Protonated hydrogen cyanide
Silicon tricarbide
Thioformaldehyde
Tricarbon monoxide
Tricarbon sulfide
Thiocyanic acid
Five
atoms
Ammonium ion
Butadiynyl
Carbodiimide
Cyanamide
Cyanoacetylene
Cyanoformaldehyde
Cyanomethyl
Cyclopropenylidene
Formic acid
Isocyanoacetylene
Ketene
Methane
Methoxy radical
Methylenimine
Propadienylidene
Protonated formaldehyde
Protonated formaldehyde
Silane
Silicon-carbide cluster
Six
atoms
Acetonitrile
Cyanobutadiynyl radical
E-Cyanomethanimine
Cyclopropenone
Diacetylene
Ethylene
Formamide
HC4N
Ketenimine
Methanethiol
Methanol
Methyl isocyanide
Pentynylidyne
Propynal
Protonated cyanoacetylene
Seven
atoms
Acetaldehyde
Acrylonitrile
Vinyl cyanide
Cyanodiacetylene
Ethylene oxide
Hexatriynyl radical
Methylacetylene
Methylamine
Methyl isocyanate
Vinyl alcohol
Eight
atoms
Acetic acid
Aminoacetonitrile
Cyanoallene
Ethanimine
Glycolaldehyde
Heptatrienyl radical
Hexapentaenylidene
Methylcyanoacetylene
Methyl formate
Propenal
Nine
atoms
Acetamide
Cyanohexatriyne
Cyanotriacetylene
Dimethyl ether
Ethanol
Methyldiacetylene
Octatetraynyl radical
Propene
Propionitrile
Ten
atoms
or more
Acetone
Benzene
Benzonitrile
Buckminsterfullerene (C60 fullerene, buckyball)
C70 fullerene
Cyanodecapentayne
Cyanopentaacetylene
Cyanotetra-acetylene
Ethylene glycol
Ethyl formate
Methyl acetate
Methyl-cyano-diacetylene
Methyltriacetylene
Propanal
n-Propyl cyanide
Pyrimidine
Deuterated
molecules
Ammonia
Ammonium ion
Formaldehyde
Formyl radical
Heavy water
Hydrogen cyanide
Hydrogen deuteride
Hydrogen isocyanide
Methylacetylene
N2D+
Trihydrogen cation
Unconfirmed
Anthracene
Dihydroxyacetone
Ethyl methyl ether
Glycine
Graphene
H2NCO+
Linear C5
Naphthalene cation
Phosphine
Pyrene
Silylidine
Related
Abiogenesis
Astrobiology
Astrochemistry
Atomic and molecular astrophysics
Chemical formula
Circumstellar envelope
Cosmic dust
Cosmic ray
Cosmochemistry
Diffuse interstellar band
Earliest known life forms
Extraterrestrial life
Extraterrestrial liquid water
Forbidden mechanism
Helium hydride ion
Homochirality
Intergalactic dust
Interplanetary medium
Interstellar medium
Photodissociation region
Iron–sulfur world theory
Kerogen
Molecules in stars
Nexus for Exoplanet System Science
Organic compound
Outer space
PAH world hypothesis
Panspermia
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
RNA world hypothesis
Spectroscopy
Tholin
Book:Chemistry
Category:Astrochemistry
Category:Molecules
Portal:Astrobiology
Portal:Astronomy
Portal:Chemistry
[show]
v
t
e
Binary compounds of hydrogen
Alkali metal hydrides
LiH
NaH
KH
RbH
CsH

Lithium hydride, LiH
ionic metal hydride

Beryllium hydride
Left (gas phase): BeH2
covalent metal hydride
Right: (BeH2)n (solid phase)
polymeric metal hydride

Borane and diborane
Left: BH3 (special conditions), covalent metalloid hydride
Right: B2H6 (standard conditions), dimeric metalloid hydride

Methane, CH4
covalent nonmetal hydride

Ammonia, NH3
covalent nonmetal hydride

Water, H2O
covalent nonmetal hydride

Hydrogen fluoride, HF
covalent nonmetal hydride
Alkaline earth hydrides
Monohydrides
BeH
MgH
CaH
SrH
BaH
BeH2
MgH2
CaH2
SrH2
BaH2
Group 13 hydrides
Boranes
BH3
B2H6
B2H2
B2H4
Alanes
AlH3
Al2H6
Gallanes
GaH3
Ga2H6
Indiganes
InH3
In2H6
Thallanes
TlH3
Tl2H6
B2H2
B2H4
B4H10
B5H9
B5H11
B6H10
B6H12
B10H14
B18H22
Group 14 hydrides
Linear alkanes
CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12
C6H14
C7H16
C8H18
C9H20
C10H22
more...
Linear alkenes
C2H4
C3H6
C4H8
C5H10
C6H12
C7H14
C8H16
C9H18
C10H20
more...
Linear alkynes
C2H2
C3H4
C4H6
C5H8
C6H10
C7H12
C8H14
C9H16
C10H18
more...
Silanes
SiH4
Si2H6
Si3H8
Si4H10
Si5H12
Si6H14
Si7H16
Si8H18
Si9H20
Si10H22
more...
Silenes
Si2H4
Silynes
Si2H2
Germanes
GeH4
Ge2H6
Ge3H8
Ge4H10
Ge5H12
Stannanes
SnH4
Sn2H6
Plumbanes
PbH4
CH
CH2
CH3
C2H
Cycloalkanes
Cycloalkenes
Annulenes
Many more
Pnictogen hydrides
Azanes
NH3
N2H4
N3H5
N4H6
N5H7
N6H8
N7H9
N8H10
N9H11
N10H12
more...
Azenes
N2H2
N3H3
N4H4
Phosphanes
PH3
P2H4
P3H5
P4H6
P5H7
P6H8
P7H9
P8H10
P9H11
P10H12
more...
Phosphenes
P2H2
P3H3
P4H4
Arsanes
AsH3
As2H4
Stibanes
SbH3
Bismuthanes
BiH3
HN3
NH
radical
Hydrogen chalcogenides
Polyoxidanes
H2O
H2O2
H2O3
H2O4
H2O5
H2O6
H2O7
H2O8
H2O9
H2O10
more...
Polysulfanes
H2S
H2S2
H2S3
H2S4
H2S5
H2S6
H2S7
H2S8
H2S9
H2S10
more...
Selanes
H2Se
H2Se2
Tellanes
H2Te
H2Te2
Polanes
PoH2
HO
HO2
HO3
H2O+–O–
H2S=S
(HS)2S+–S–
HS
HDO
D2O
T2O
Hydrogen halides
HF
HCl
HBr
HI
HAt
Transition metal hydrides
ScH2
YH2
YH3
TiH2
ZrH2
HfH2
VH
VH2
NbH
NbH2
TaH
CrH
CrH2
CrHx
NiH
PdHx (x < 1)
FeH
FeH2
FeH5
CuH
ZnH2
CdH2
HgH2
Lanthanide hydrides
LaH2
LaH3
CeH2
CeH3
PrH2
PrH3
NdH2
NdH3
SmH2
SmH3
EuH2
GdH2
GdH3
TbH2
TbH3
DyH2
DyH3
HoH2
HoH3
ErH2
ErH3
TmH2
TmH3
YbH2
YbH2.5
LuH2
LuH3
Actinide hydrides
AcH2
ThH2
Th4H15
PaH3
UH3
NpH2
NpH3
PuH2
PuH3
AmH2
AmH3
CmH2
Authority control
LCCN: sh85063433
GND: 4180440-5
NDL: 00575761
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydrogen_sulfide&oldid=826852224"
Categories:
Acids
Foul-smelling chemicals
Hydrogen compounds
Industrial gases
Pollutants
Sulfides
Flatulence
Gaseous signaling molecules
Hidden categories:
Pages with citations lacking titles
Pages with citations having bare URLs
Webarchive template wayback links
Articles with changed EBI identifier
ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata
Chembox having DSD data
Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes
Chembox image size set
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011
All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases
Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2015
Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers
Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
تۆرکجه
বাংলা
Bân-lâm-gú
Беларуская
Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
Български
Bosanski
Català
Чӑвашла
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Ελληνικά
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
ქართული
Кыргызча
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Magyar
മലയാളം
Bahasa Melayu
Монгол
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Scots
Shqip
Simple English
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 21 February 2018, at 10:16.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values: Skeletal formula of hydrogen sulfide with two dimensions

values: Ball-and-stick model of hydrogen sulfide

values:
/wiki/File:Hydrogen-sulfide-3D-vdW.svg
image
Spacefill model of hydrogen sulfide

value: tbody

value: table

attrs: border style

attrs: colspan class style

values: background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;

values: max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;

values: chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)

values:
/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard
mw-redirect
ECHA InfoCard

values: European Community number (chemical identifier)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.kegg.jp/entry/C00283

values: font-size: 105%; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;

values: word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;

values: border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.5em; text-align:left;

values: list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; word-break: break-all; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame1

values: Simplified molecular-input line-entry system

values: border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame2

values:
/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity
mw-redirect
Specific heat capacity

values: Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC)

values: Per CLP Regulation, outdated per 1 June 2017. Replaced by GHS data

values:
/wiki/File:Hazard_F.svg
image
Extremely Flammable

values:
/wiki/File:Hazard_TT.svg
image
Very Toxic

values:
/wiki/File:Hazard_N.svg
image
Dangerous for the Environment (Nature)

values:
/wiki/R12:_Extremely_flammable
mw-redirect
R12: Extremely flammable

values:
/wiki/R26:_Very_toxic_by_inhalation
mw-redirect
R26: Very toxic by inhalation

values:
abbr
R50: Very toxic to aquatic organisms

values: (S1/2): Keep locked up and out of the reach of children

values: S9: Keep container in a well-ventilated place

values: S16: Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking

values:
abbr
S36: Wear suitable protective clothing

values: S38: In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory equipment

values: S45: In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible)

values: S61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet

values: Flammability code 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g., propane

values: Health code 4: Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury. E.g., VX gas

values: Reactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g., liquid nitrogen

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height usemap

values: width:12px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:12px; left:35px;

values: width:13px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:31px; left:15px;

values: width:13px; text-align:center; position:absolute; top:31px; left:54px;

values: width:100%; background:transparent; margin:0 auto; width:82px; font-family:sans-serif background:; float:left; font-size:20px; text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; position:relative; height:80px; width:80px; padding:1px;

values:
/wiki/Explosive_limit
mw-redirect
Explosive limit

values: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

values:
/wiki/Water_(molecule)
mw-redirect
Water (molecule)

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_polonide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen polonide

values: margin:0 auto; text-align:left; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;

values: background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;

values: width:40%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-right:1px solid transparent;

values: width:60%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-left:1px solid transparent;

values:
/wiki/Signaling_molecule
mw-redirect
Signaling molecule

values: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

values:
/wiki/Sulfate-reducing_bacteria
mw-redirect
Sulfate-reducing bacteria

values:
/wiki/Kipp_generator
mw-redirect
Kipp generator

values: Edit section: Production of sulfur, thioorganic compounds, and alkali metal sulfides

values:
/wiki/Organosulfur_compound
mw-redirect
Organosulfur compound

values:
/wiki/Paper_making
mw-redirect
Paper making

values: Edit section: Precursor to metal sulfides

values:
/wiki/Flotation_process
mw-redirect
Flotation process

values: Edit section: Miscellaneous applications

values:
/wiki/Crude_petroleum
mw-redirect
Crude petroleum

values: This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2011)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Bakken_formation
mw-redirect
Bakken formation

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Hyperbaric_oxygen_therapy
mw-redirect
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

values:
/wiki/Fatigue_(physical)
mw-redirect
Fatigue (physical)

values:
/wiki/Parts_per_million
mw-redirect
Parts per million

values:
/wiki/Parts_per_billion
mw-redirect
Parts per billion

values:
/wiki/Texas_State_Legislature
mw-redirect
Texas State Legislature

values:
/wiki/Cystathionine_beta-synthase
mw-redirect
Cystathionine beta-synthase

values: Thiosulfate reductase (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Long_term_potentiation
mw-redirect
Long term potentiation

values:
/wiki/Guanylyl_cyclase
mw-redirect
Guanylyl cyclase

values: Edit section: Induced hypothermia and suspended animation

values:
/wiki/Mus_musculus
mw-redirect
Mus musculus

values: Edit section: Participant in the sulfur cycle

values:
/wiki/Iron-sulfur_world_theory
mw-redirect
Iron-sulfur world theory

values:
/wiki/Origin_of_life
mw-redirect
Origin of life

values:
/wiki/Bird%27s_eye_view
mw-redirect
Bird's eye view

values:
/wiki/Permian-Triassic_extinction_event
mw-redirect
Permian-Triassic extinction event

values:
/wiki/Atlantic_ocean
mw-redirect
Atlantic ocean

values: Edit section: Life adapted to hydrogen sulfide

values: Cyprinodon bobmilleri (page does not exist)

values: Limia sulphurophila (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Gambusia_eurystoma
mw-redirect
Gambusia eurystoma

values: The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (June 2015)

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words

values:
/wiki/Induced_hypothermia
mw-redirect
Induced hypothermia

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1039%2Fc8cc00187a

values:
nofollow
external text
//arxiv.org/abs/1412.0460

values:
nofollow
external text
//arxiv.org/archive/cond-mat.supr-con

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002%2F14356007.a13_467

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts114.pdf

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23111938

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1152%2Fajpgi.00324.2005

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16500920

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17486486

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.cjem-online.ca/v7/n4/p257

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17355683

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0884-1225

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1007%2Fbf00378410

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7152702

values:
/wiki/Mail_Online
mw-redirect
Mail Online

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0709010104

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17991773

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrm3391

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22781905

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15329822

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1385%2FMN%3A26%3A1%3A013

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12392053

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18456407

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18477923

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.resp.2007.09.001

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17980679

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3070320

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23976979

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/0149-0451

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22496753

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/11281/
external text

values:
nofollow
http://www.nace.org/
external text

values:
/wiki/Trifluoromethanesulfonic_acid
mw-redirect
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Oxidized_glutathione
mw-redirect
Oxidized glutathione

values:
/wiki/Trans-4-Hydroxycrotonic_acid
mw-redirect
Trans-4-Hydroxycrotonic acid

values: 2-Arachidonoyl lysophosphatidylinositol (page does not exist)

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: navigation navbox Neurotransmitters padding:3px

values: Template talk:Sulfur compounds (page does not exist)

values: Arsenic(II) sulfide (page does not exist)

values: Arsenic(V) sulfide (page does not exist)

values: Cerium(II) sulfide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Sulfur_monochloride
mw-redirect
Sulfur monochloride

values: Dysprosium(III) sulfide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Hafnium(IV)_sulfide
mw-redirect
Hafnium(IV) sulfide

values: Indium(II) sulfide (page does not exist)

values: Lanthanum monosulfide (page does not exist)

values: Phosphorus heptasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Rhenium(IV) sulfide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Tungsten(IV)_sulfide
mw-redirect
Tungsten(IV) sulfide

values: Carbon sulfide telluride (page does not exist)

values: Dihexadecyl disulfide (page does not exist)

values: Copper(II) ferrous sulfide (page does not exist)

values: Antimony oxide sulfide (page does not exist)

values: Trichloromethyl mercaptan (page does not exist)

values: Rhenium(VII) sulfate (page does not exist)

values: Titanium(IV) sulfate (page does not exist)

values: Thulium(III) sulfate (page does not exist)

values: Erbium(III) sulfate (page does not exist)

values: Europium(III) sulfate (page does not exist)

values: Phosphorothioc triiodide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Zirconium(IV)_sulfide
mw-redirect
Zirconium(IV) sulfide

values: Carbon sulfide selenide (page does not exist)

values: Template:Molecules detected in outer space

values: Template talk:Molecules detected in outer space

values: List of interstellar and circumstellar molecules

values: Fluoromethylidynium (page does not exist)

values: Magnesium monohydride cation (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Interstellar_nitrogen_monohydride
mw-redirect
Interstellar nitrogen monohydride

values:
/wiki/Mononitrogen_monosulfide
mw-redirect
Mononitrogen monosulfide

values: Phosphorus monoxide (page does not exist)

values:
navbox-image
9
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Aluminium isocyanide (page does not exist)

values: Magnesium isocyanide (page does not exist)

values: Silicon carbonitride (page does not exist)

values: C-Silicon dicarbide (page does not exist)

values: Silicon naphthalocyanine (page does not exist)

values: Cyclopropynylidyne (page does not exist)

values: Hydromagnesium isocyanide (page does not exist)

values: Methylene amidogen (page does not exist)

values: Silicon tricarbide (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Tricarbon_sulfide
mw-redirect
Tricarbon sulfide

values: Protonated formaldehyde (page does not exist)

values: Cyanobutadiynyl radical (page does not exist)

values: E-Cyanomethanimine (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Vinyl_cyanide
mw-redirect
Vinyl cyanide

values: Heptatrienyl radical (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Diffuse_interstellar_band
mw-redirect
Diffuse interstellar band

values:
/wiki/Iron%E2%80%93sulfur_world_theory
mw-redirect
Iron–sulfur world theory

values:
/wiki/RNA_world_hypothesis
mw-redirect
RNA world hypothesis

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Alkali_metal_hydride
mw-redirect
Alkali metal hydride

values:
navbox-image
10
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values:
/wiki/Alkaline_earth_hydride
mw-redirect
Alkaline earth hydride

values: Strontium monohydride (page does not exist)

values: Barium monohydride (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Group_15_hydride
mw-redirect
Group 15 hydride

values:
/wiki/Group_16_hydride
mw-redirect
Group 16 hydride

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_tetroxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen tetroxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_pentoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen pentoxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_hexoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen hexoxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_heptoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen heptoxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_octoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen octoxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_nonoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen nonoxide

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_decoxide
mw-redirect
Hydrogen decoxide

values: Hydrogen tetrasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen pentasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen hexasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen heptasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen octasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen nonasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen decasulfide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen diselenide (page does not exist)

values: Hydrogen ditelluride (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Group_17_hydride
mw-redirect
Group 17 hydride

values:
/wiki/Iron_dihydride
mw-redirect
Iron dihydride

values:
nofollow
external text
https://d-nb.info/gnd/4180440-5

values: Category:Pages with citations lacking titles

values: Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles with changed EBI identifier

values: Category:Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from April 2011

values: Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases

values: Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from June 2015

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with LCCN identifiers

values: Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: كبريتيد الهيدروجين – Arabic

values: হাইড্রোজেন সালফাইড – Bangla

values: Серавадарод – Belarusian

values: Серкавадародная кісьля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)

values: Сероводород – Bulgarian

values: Кӳкĕртлĕ шывамăш – Chuvash

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfan
Sulfan – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values: Υδρόθειο – Greek

values: سولفید هیدروژن – Persian

values: Ծծմբաջրածին – Armenian

values: हाइड्रोजन सल्फाइड – Hindi

values: מימן גופרתי – Hebrew

values: გოგირდწყალბადი – Georgian

values: Күкүрттүү суутек – Kyrgyz

values: ഹൈഡ്രജൻ സൾഫൈഡ് – Malayalam

values: Хүхэрт устөрөгч – Mongolian

values: Сероводород – Russian

values: Водоник-сулфид – Serbian

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikkivety
Rikkivety – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values: ஐதரசன் சல்பைடு – Tamil

values: హైడ్రోజన్ సల్ఫైడ్ – Telugu

values: ไฮโดรเจนซัลไฟด์ – Thai

values: Сірководень – Ukrainian

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Hydrogen_sulfide rootpage-Hydrogen_sulfide skin-vector action-view


text:
Legion of Honor (museum)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Legion of Honor
Location within San Francisco
Location within San Francisco
Location within San Francisco
Show map of San Francisco Show map of California Show map of the US Show all
Location
100 34th Avenue, San Francisco, California, United States of America
Coordinates
37°47′02″N 122°30′04″W / 37.78389°N 122.50111°W / 37.78389; -122.50111Coordinates: 37°47′02″N 122°30′04″W / 37.78389°N 122.50111°W / 37.78389; -122.50111
Type
Art museum
Visitors
177,608 (2010) [1]
Public transit access
San Francisco Municipal Railway
Website
http://legionofhonor.famsf.org/
The Legion of Honor (formerly known as The California Palace of the Legion of Honor) is a part of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco[2] (FAMSF). The name is used both for the museum collection and for the building in which it is housed. Max Hollein currently serves as its Director and CEO.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Collections
2.1 European Art
2.2 Collection highlights
3 Symphonic organ
4 Gallery
5 Film appearances
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
History[edit]
Statue of El Cid silhouetted by a solar corona in front of the Legion.
The Legion of Honor was the gift of Alma de Bretteville Spreckels, wife of the sugar magnate and thoroughbred racehorse owner/breeder Adolph B. Spreckels.[4] The building is a full-scale replica, by George Applegarth and H. Guillaume, of the French Pavilion at the 1915 Panama–Pacific International Exposition, which in turn was a three-quarter-scale version of the Palais de la Légion d'Honneur also known as the Hôtel de Salm in Paris, by Pierre Rousseau (1782). At the close of the exposition, which was located just a few miles away, the French government granted Spreckels permission to construct a permanent replica of the French Pavilion, but World War I delayed the groundbreaking until 1921.[5]
The museum building occupies an elevated site in Lincoln Park in the northwest of the city, with views over the Golden Gate Bridge. Most of the surrounding Lincoln Park Golf Course is on the site of a potter's field called the "Golden Gate Cemetery" that the City had bought in 1867. The cemetery was closed in 1908 and the bodies were relocated to Colma. During seismic retrofitting in the 1990s, however, coffins and skeletal remains were unearthed.[6]
"Between March 1992 and November 1995—its seventy-first anniversary—the Legion underwent a major renovation that included seismic strengthening, building systems upgrades, restoration of historic architectural features, and an underground expansion that added 35,000 square feet. Visitor services and program facilities increased, without altering the historic façade or adversely affecting the environmental integrity of the site. The architects chosen to accomplish this challenging feat were Edward Larrabee Barnes and Mark Cavagnero."[7]
The plaza and fountain in front of the Palace of the Legion of Honor is the western terminus of the Lincoln Highway, the first improved road for automobiles across America. The terminus marker and an interpretive plaque are located in the southwest corner of the plaza and fountain, just to the left of the Palace. Dominating the classical plaza is "Pax Jerusalemme," a modern sculpture by Mark di Suvero.[8][9]
Collections[edit]
The Legion of Honor displays a collection spanning more than 6,000 years of ancient and European art and houses the Achenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts in a neoclassical building overlooking Lincoln Park and the Golden Gate Bridge.
European Art[edit]
The Adolph B. and Alma de Bretteville Spreckels Gallery showcasing sculptures of Auguste Rodin
The museum contains a representative collection of European art, the largest portion of which is French. Its most distinguished collection is of sculpture by Auguste Rodin. Casts of some of his most famous works are on display, including one of The Thinker in the Court of Honor. However, there are individual works by many other artists, including François Boucher, Rembrandt, Gainsborough, David, El Greco, Giambattista Pittoni, Rubens, and many of the Impressionists and post-Impressionists—Degas, Renoir, Monet, Pissarro, Seurat, Cézanne and others. There are also representative works by key 20th century figures such as Braque and Picasso, and works of contemporary artists like Gottfried Helnwein and Robert Crumb.
Hollein successfully launched a contemporary art initiative, bringing the work of living artists into dialogue with the buildings and collections of the de Young Museum and Legion of Honor. In 2017, the contemporary program at the Legion of Honor features exhibitions by Urs Fischer and Sarah Lucas in dialogue with the museum's acclaimed Rodin collection to commemorate the centenary of Rodin's death in 1917.[10]
The Grand Canal, Venice, 1908 by Claude Monet.
Collection highlights[edit]
Icon of Saints John the Baptist and Minias, Bicci di Lorenzo (15th century)
St. Francis Venerating the Crucifix, El Greco, 1595
St. John the Baptist, El Greco, 1600
The Tribute Money, Rubens, 1612
Descent from the Cross, Giambattista Pittoni, 1750
The Age of Bronze, Auguste Rodin, 1875
Trotting Horse Edgar Degas, 1881
The Kiss, Auguste Rodin, 1884
The Grand Canal, Claude Monet, 1908
Water lilies, Claude Monet, 1914
Symphonic organ[edit]
Main article: Spreckels Organ
The symphonic organ.
In 1924, John D. Spreckels commissioned the Ernest M. Skinner Company of Boston to build the symphonic organ. The museum organ, which is housed inside the museum above the main galleries, has 4 manuals and pedals, 7 divisions, 63 ranks, with a total of 4,526 pipes. Symphonic music is especially effective on the museum organ with its battery of pneumatically operated percussion instruments and set of tubular chimes. A thunder pedal is used for the musical representation of storms. All together, the organ comprises one Great Organ, a Swell Organ, a Choir Organ featuring a 16-foot Contra Dulciana, Choir Organ Echo, a Solo Organ, Solo Organ Echo, an Arch Organ outfitted with 8-foot Arch Clarion, a 64-foot Gravissima and a 32-foot Bourdon Profunda, in addition to the final Traps that were enclosed in the Choir: Bass drum, castanets, Chinese block, crash cymbal, gong snare drum (f), snare drum (ff), and a tambourine triangle.
Gallery[edit]
Statue of The Thinker by Auguste Rodin in the front of the museum.
Fountain in the front.
Equestrian statue in front is El Cid by Anna Hyatt Huntington.
Joan of Arc on horseback.
Female side of Aesthetic teapot designed by R. W. Binns and modeled by James Hadley, 1881.
17th century Oak Table (Italy) and World Globes (Netherlands)
Film appearances[edit]
The Palace is seen in the Alfred Hitchcock movie Vertigo (1958) when Scottie follows Madeleine Elster to the museum, where she stares at one painting for a considerable time. This painting, dubbed Beautiful Carlotta, was a prop created specifically for the production and is not housed at the museum.
The Palace appears in the 1993 miniseries, Tales of the City, based on the first of the Tales of the City series of novels by Armistead Maupin. The character of Mary Ann Singleton (played by Laura Linney) arranges to meet her neighbor Norman Neal Williams (played by Stanley DeSantis) at the museum, where he meets his fate.
The character Dr. Crippen in the spoof Maltese Falcon sequel The Black Bird has an office in the Palace.
See also[edit]
San Francisco Bay Area portal
49-Mile Scenic Drive
De Young Museum
Holocaust Memorial
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Exhibition and museum attendance figures 2010" (PDF). London: The Art Newspaper. April 2011. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fine Arts Museums San Francisco". legionofhonor.famsf.org.
Jump up ^ Jori Finkel (22 March 2016). "Fine Arts Museums in San Francisco Picks Max Hollein as Next Director". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 March 2016. In a surprising move, the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco has gone beyond the United States for its next director, hiring Max Hollein away from the Städel Museum in Frankfurt.
Jump up ^ "About ArtPoint". Archived from the original on 2008-06-25. Retrieved 2008-12-12.
Jump up ^ "History of California Palace of the Legion of Honor".
Jump up ^ Sullivan, Kathleen (1995-01-19). "Remains of S.F. pioneers are laid to new, final rest". San Francisco Examiner. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
Jump up ^ "History of the Legion of Honor". Legion of Honor. 2011-06-28. Retrieved 2017-09-08.
Jump up ^ "A Legion of Concerns Over Sculpture / Di Suvero's mediocre `Pax Jerusalem' may signal a troubling trend at Fine Arts Museums". San Francisco Chronicle.
Jump up ^ http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/reviews/robinson/the-legion-of-honor3-30-10.asp. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "Urs Fischer takes over the Legion of Honor". Juxtapoz. April 22, 2017. Retrieved June 26, 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to California Palace of the Legion of Honor.
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco – Legion of Honor page
Photograph of Hôtel de Salm, Paris
[show]
v
t
e
Bay Area arts organizations
Non-profit art spaces
Artists' Television Access
Galería de la Raza
SF Camerawork
Intersection for the Arts
Chinese Culture Center
The LAB
The Luggage Store Gallery
Pro Arts
Pier 24 Photography
San Francisco Arts Commission
San Jose Institute of Contemporary Art
Southern Exposure
Walter and McBean Galleries
Museums
Asian Art Museum
Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive
Cantor Center for Visual Arts
Cartoon Art Museum
Palace of the Legion of Honor
Contemporary Jewish Museum
de Young Museum
Mexican Museum
Mills College Art Museum
Museo ItaloAmericano
Museum of Craft and Folk Art
Museum of the African Diaspora
Oakland Museum
Randall Museum
San Jose Museum of Art
SFMOMA
Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts
Yerba Buena Center for the Arts
Artist-in-residence programs
Headlands Center for the Arts
Public and site-specific
Precita Eyes
Defunct
New Langton Arts
[show]
v
t
e
San Francisco attractions
Landmarks
49-Mile Drive
Alcatraz
Bay Bridge
Cable Cars
The Castro
Chinatown
City Hall
Cliff House
Coit Tower
F-Market Streetcar
Fairmont Hotel
Federal Reserve Bank
Ferry Building
Fisherman's Wharf
Fort Mason
Fort Point
Ghirardelli Square
Golden Gate Bridge
Grace Cathedral
Haight-Ashbury
Jack Kerouac Alley
Lombard Street
Mark Hopkins Hotel
Market Street
Mission Dolores
Nob Hill
North Beach
Old U.S. Mint
Painted ladies
Palace of Fine Arts
Pier 39
Public Library
Sutro Baths
Sutro Tower
Transamerica Pyramid
Treasure Island
Union Square
Museums and art
Asian Art Museum
Aquarium of the Bay
Cable Car Museum
California Academy of Sciences
Cartoon Art Museum
Children's Creativity Museum
Chinese Historical Society Museum
Conservatory of Flowers
Contemporary Jewish Museum
The Walt Disney Family Museum
de Young Museum
Exploratorium
Haas-Lilienthal House
Legion of Honor
Musée Mécanique
Museo ItaloAmericano
Museum of Performance & Design
Museum of the African Diaspora
Precita Eyes
Randall Museum
Ripley's Believe It or Not!
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art
San Francisco Maritime
Railway Museum
USS Pampanito
Wattis Institute for Contemporary Arts
Parks and recreation
Alamo Square
Bay Area Ridge Trail
Candlestick Point
Corona Heights
Crissy Field
Dolores Park
Glen Canyon
Golden Gate National Recreation Area
Golden Gate Park
Lafayette Park
Lake Merced
Marina Green
McLaren Park
Mount Davidson
Mount Sutro
Ocean Beach
The Presidio
San Francisco Bay Trail
San Francisco Zoo
Stern Grove
Twin Peaks
Yerba Buena Gardens
Views
Coit Tower
Twin Peaks
Seal Rocks/Ocean Beach
Baker Beach
Golden Gate Bridge
Fort Funston
Hamon Observation Tower at the de Young Museum
Strawberry Hill
Crissy Field
Pacific Heights
Alamo Square/Painted Ladies
Top of the Mark
Alcatraz
Treasure Island
Lombard Street
Powell-Hyde Cable Car
Ferry Building
Bernal Hill
49-Mile Scenic Drive
Hawk Hill
Fort Baker
Entertainment
American Conservatory Theater
Bill Graham Civic Auditorium
Cow Palace
The Fillmore
War Memorial and Performing Arts Center
Yerba Buena Center for the Arts
Sports
San Francisco Giants
AT&T Park
Candlestick Park
Kezar Stadium
Food and drink
Anchor Steam
Boudin Bakery
Buena Vista Cafe
Dungeness crab
Ghirardelli Square
Tadich Grill
Tonga Room & Hurricane Bar
Top of the Mark
Shopping
Metreon
Stonestown Galleria
Union Square
Westfield San Francisco Centre
National Register of Historic Places listings in San Francisco
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Legion_of_Honor_(museum)&oldid=799607761"
Categories:
1924 establishments in California
Buildings and structures completed in 1924
Art museums established in 1924
Art museums in San Francisco
Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco
Hidden categories:
Pages with citations lacking titles
Pages with citations having bare URLs
Coordinates on Wikidata
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Català
Español
Français
Italiano
Nederlands
Edit links
This page was last edited on 8 September 2017, at 19:08.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

attrs: id class style

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: caption

value: img

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

value: tr

values: Legion of Honor (museum) is located in San Francisco

attrs: href class title

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: class style

values: Legion of Honor (museum) is located in California

values: display: none; width:220px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto width:220px;padding:0

values: Legion of Honor (museum) is located in the US

values: Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location

values:
nofollow
http://legionofhonor.famsf.org/
external free

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
/wiki/Solar_corona
mw-redirect
Solar corona

values:
/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Salm
mw-redirect
Hôtel de Salm

values:
/wiki/French_government
mw-redirect
French government

values:
/wiki/Rembrandt_Harmenszoon_van_Rijn
mw-redirect
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn

values: Icon of Saints John the Baptist and Minias (Bicci di Lorenzo)

values: St. Francis Venerating the Crucifix (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/St._John_the_Baptist
mw-redirect
St. John the Baptist

values: The Tribute Money (Rubens) (page does not exist)

values: The Grand Canal (Monet) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Tales_of_the_City_(TV_miniseries)
mw-redirect
Tales of the City (TV miniseries)

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
/wiki/De_Young_Museum
mw-redirect
De Young Museum

values: Holocaust Memorial at California Palace of the Legion of Honor

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: commons:Category:California Palace of the Legion of Honor

values:
nofollow
http://legionofhonor.famsf.org/
external text

values: Template talk:Bay Area Arts Organizations

values: The Luggage Store Gallery (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Asian_Art_Museum_of_San_Francisco
mw-redirect
Asian Art Museum of San Francisco

values: Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive

values:
/wiki/Cantor_Center_for_Visual_Arts
mw-redirect
Cantor Center for Visual Arts

values: California Palace of the Legion of Honor

values:
/wiki/M._H._de_Young_Memorial_Museum
mw-redirect
M. H. de Young Memorial Museum

values: Museum of Craft and Folk Art (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Oakland_Museum
mw-redirect
Oakland Museum

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
row
navbox-group
background: #FCC200;;width:1%

values:
/wiki/The_Castro,_San_Francisco
mw-redirect
The Castro, San Francisco

values:
/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Family_Museum
mw-redirect
The Walt Disney Family Museum

values:
/wiki/Haas-Lilienthal_House
mw-redirect
Haas-Lilienthal House

values: San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park

values:
/wiki/Dolores_Park
mw-redirect
Dolores Park

values:
/wiki/Pacific_Heights
mw-redirect
Pacific Heights

values:
/wiki/Alamo_Square
mw-redirect
Alamo Square

values:
/wiki/Painted_Ladies
mw-redirect
Painted Ladies

values:
/wiki/Hawk_Hill,_California
mw-redirect
Hawk Hill, California

values: San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center

values: National Register of Historic Places listings in San Francisco, California

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #FCC200;

values: Category:1924 establishments in California

values: Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1924

values: Category:Art museums established in 1924

values: Category:Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco

values: Category:Pages with citations lacking titles

values: Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Legion_of_Honor_(museum)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values:
uls-settings-trigger
Language settings
0
button
true

values: California Palace of the Legion of Honor – French

values: California Palace of the Legion of Honor – Italian

values: California Palace of the Legion of Honor – Dutch

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Legion_of_Honor_museum rootpage-Legion_of_Honor_museum skin-vector action-view


text:
Smart aleck
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Look up smart aleck in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
A smart aleck, also spelled smart alec, is someone whose sarcastic, wisecracking, or humorous manner is delivered in an offensive, obnoxious, or cocky way. Other closely related terms include know-it-all, smarty pants, wisenheimer, and wise guy.[1] It may also refer to:
Smart Alecks, a 1942 film starring the East Side Kids
The Smart Aleck, a 1951 film directed by John Guillermin
Smart Alec (1951 film), a 1951 pornographic film starring Candy Barr
Smart Alec (1986 film), a 1986 film directed by Jim Wilson
Smart Alek, a 1993 film directed by Andrew Kötting
Smart Alex, a 1985 album by The Adicts
Smart Alec (comics), a Marvel Comics super villain
Disambiguation page providing links to articles with similar titles
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Smart aleck.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Jump up ^ http://thesaurus.com/browse/smart+aleck
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_aleck&oldid=826936368"
Categories:
Disambiguation pages
Hidden categories:
Disambiguation pages with short description
All article disambiguation pages
All disambiguation pages
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Add links
This page was last edited on 21 February 2018, at 20:47.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: b

value: i

attrs: role class style

attrs: href title

values:
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wise_guy
extiw
wikt:wise guy

value: sup

value: p

values: Smart Alec (1986 film) (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Smart_Alec_(comics)
mw-redirect
Smart Alec (comics)

values: shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux

values: padding: 0.25em 0.4em; font-style: italic;

values: metadata plainlinks dmbox dmbox-disambig

values:
nofollow
external free
http://thesaurus.com/browse/smart+aleck

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: Category:Disambiguation pages with short description

values: Category:All article disambiguation pages

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Smart_aleck
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Smart_aleck rootpage-Smart_aleck skin-vector action-view