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Minute Maid Park
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Minute Maid Park
The Juice Box[1]
Former names
The Ballpark at Union Station (2000)
Enron Field (2000–2002)
Astros Field (February–July 2002)
Address
501 Crawford Street
Location
Houston, Texas
Coordinates
29°45′25″N 95°21′20″W / 29.75694°N 95.35556°W / 29.75694; -95.35556Coordinates: 29°45′25″N 95°21′20″W / 29.75694°N 95.35556°W / 29.75694; -95.35556
Public transit
METRORail:
Convention District Station
METRO bus:
3, 6, 11, 20, 30, 37, 48, 50, 77, 137, 163, 236, 255, 256, 257
Parking
Estimated 25,000 total spots within walking distance
Owner
Harris County-Houston Sports Authority
Operator
Harris County-Houston Sports Authority
Capacity
41,168 (2017–present)[2]
41,676 (2016)[3]
41,574 (2015)[4]
42,060 (2013–2014)[5]
40,981 (2012)[6]
40,963 (2011)[7]
40,976 (2006–2010)[8]
40,950 (2000–2005)
Record attendance
44,203, September 26, 2001 [9]
Field size
Left Field – 315 feet (96.0 m)
Left-Center – 362 feet (110.3 m)
Left-Center (deep) – 404 feet (123.1 m)[10]
Center Field – 409 feet (124.7 m)
Right-Center (deep) 408 feet (124.4 m)
Right-Center – 373 feet (113.7 m)
Right Field – 326 feet (99.4 m)
Backstop – 49 feet (15 m)
Surface
Platinum TE Paspalum[11]
Scoreboard
54 feet (16.5 m) high by 124 feet (37.8 m) wide
Construction
Broke ground
November 1, 1997
Opened
March 30, 2000 (Exhibition)
April 7, 2000 (Regular Season)
Renovated
2010 (Off season)[12]
Construction cost
$250 million
($348 million in 2016 dollars[13])
Architect
Populous
Molina & Associates
Project manager
Schindewolfe and Associates[14]
Structural engineer
Walter P Moore[14]
Services engineer
M-E Engineers, Inc. (Bowl)[15]
Uni-Systems, Inc. (Roof)[14]
General contractor
Brown & Root/Barton Malow/Empire Joint Venture[14]
Tenants
Houston Astros (MLB) (2000–present)
Minute Maid Park, previously known as The Ballpark at Union Station, Enron Field, and Astros Field, is a ballpark in Downtown Houston, Texas, United States, that opened in 2000 to house the Houston Astros of Major League Baseball (MLB). The ballpark is Houston's first retractable-roofed stadium, and features a natural grass playing field. The ballpark was built as a replacement of the Astrodome, the first domed sports stadium ever built, which opened in 1965. It is named for beverage brand Minute Maid, a subsidiary of The Coca-Cola Company, which acquired naming rights in 2002 for $100 million over 30 years. As of 2016, Minute Maid Park has a seating capacity of 41,168, which includes 5,197 club seats and 63 luxury suites.
The largest entrance to the park is inside what was once Houston's Union Station, and the left-field side of the stadium features a railway as homage to the site's history. The train moves along an 800-foot (240 m) length of track on top of the length of the exterior wall beyond left field when the Astros take the field during the first inning, when an Astros player hits a home run, and when the Astros win a game.[16] The engine's tender is filled with giant oranges in reference to Minute Maid's most famous product, orange juice.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Union Station and pre-ballpark era
1.2 Planning and funding
1.3 Design and construction
1.4 Opening and current use
1.5 Alterations
1.6 Major events
2 Non-baseball events
2.1 Soccer
2.2 Concerts
2.3 TV
2.4 Other events
3 Features
4 Transportation access
5 Hurricane Harvey
6 References
7 Notes
8 External links
History[edit]
Union Station and pre-ballpark era[edit]
Main article: Union Station (Houston)
In 1909, during the time when West End Park was Houston's premier ballpark, the Houston Belt and Terminal Railway Company commissioned the design of a new union station for the city from New York City-based architects Warren and Wetmore. The location called for the demolition of several structures of Houston prominence. Horace Baldwin Rice's residence and Adath Yeshurun Congregation's synagogue among other structures were removed.[17]
An illustration of Union Station, 1913
With an original estimated cost of $1 million USD, Union Station was constructed by the American Construction Company for an eventual total of five times that amount.[18] Exterior walls were constructed of granite, limestone, and terracotta, while the interior used an extensive amount of marble. It was completed and opened on March 1, 1911. At the time, Houston, with seventeen railways, was considered the main railroad hub of the Southern United States.[19] This is also evident by the Seal of Houston, which prominently features a locomotive. Two more floors were added the following year.[20]
The station served as the main inter-city passenger terminal for Houston for over seven decades thereafter. Passenger rail declined greatly after World War II, and the last regularly-scheduled train, the Lone Star, moved its service to Houston's current Amtrak station on July 31, 1974. With this move, the building effectively became abandoned. On November 10, 1977, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service.
Planning and funding[edit]
In August 1995, Astros owner Drayton McLane, then leasing the Astrodome from Harris County, commented to the Houston Chronicle that he was not in the market for a new ballpark. In reference to Pittsburgh's Three Rivers Stadium and Cincinnati's Riverfront Stadium, McLane noted, "[...] I remember when those were built in the 1970s and those were as good a stadiums as there were. They were the most modern stadiums in the world, and now they're saying they're all bad. That they can't make a go of it without a new stadium. It helps, but there are other things involved."[21]
Later that year, Houston's NFL franchise and joint-tenant of the Astrodome, the Houston Oilers, announced that they were leaving to Nashville, Tennessee in order to have a new stadium built for the team there. Citing a lack of adequate luxury boxes, in October, Astros Vice-President Bob McClaren claimed that renovations to the Astrodome would help increase revenue.[22] Drayton McLane pointed toward Astrodome renovations as necessary saying "It's 30 years old and not a lot of money has been spent to remodel it."[23] According to the organization, the team was in danger of being sold to a Virginia businessman who was expected to move the Astros to Washington D.C. because of poor revenue.
In June 1996, University of Houston alumnus, BMC Software and San Diego Padres owner, John J. Moores, who wanted to own the next NFL franchise in Houston, met with Texas State Senator Mario Gallegos, Jr., and other local Hispanic leaders in regards to the future of a football-only Astrodome and a new baseball-only ballpark in Downtown Houston.[24] Meanwhile, Harris County Judge Robert Eckels pieced together a plan to build a new ballpark next to the Astrodome in the Astrodomain. The Astros echoed the Astrodomain location sentiment because they believed construction time would be shorter.[25] Eckels, who convinced then Mayor Bob Lanier of the lack of viability for the ballpark in a downtown location, was quoted as saying, "They keep telling me about these miracles in other cities, but it doesn't work in Houston [...] If we are going to put this stadium some place, let's stick with a proven place."[26] This plan was considered to be nearly finalized when the Astros and Harris County agreed to a $250 million USD county-funded stadium whose overrun costs would be funded by the Astros.[27]
Exterior of Minute Maid Park at the intersection of Crawford Street and Texas Avenue
In August 1996, Houston's Union Station received a $2 million USD grant from the Texas Transportation Commission for renovation in a separate project.[28] Plans for the new ballpark's location drastically changed by September mostly in response to Enron Chairman Kenneth Lay's input and pledge to substantially contribute to funding if placed downtown.[29] It was at this time that the Union Station location was proposed by Lay. Upon an agreement between all of the leadership entities, the idea of a retractable roof stadium was confirmed for the new ballpark. A November referendum was planned for Harris County residents to approve the deal.
The Harris County referendum that took place on November 5, 1996, to help fund the ballpark passed by a narrow margin of 51% to 49%.[30] In response to the referendum, during the 75th Texas Legislature Texas State Senator John Whitmire of Houston sponsored a bill supported by five of the six area Harris County senators that would create the Harris County-Houston Sports Authority.[31] With companion House Bill 92 authored by Houston-born Representative Kim Brimer voted upon and adopted by both chambers, the authorization for creation of a sports authority was approved.[32] It was signed into law by Governor George W. Bush on June 2, 1997.[33] The Harris County-Houston Sports Authority would assist in financing for the new ballpark as well as allow for renovation of the Astrodome by allowing for special county-wide taxation of rental cars, tickets, parking, and hotel use.
In June 1997, with the ability to create a sports authority signed into law, concurrent votes of the Harris County Commissioners' Court and the Houston City Council to establish the Harris County-Houston Sports Authority on effective September 1, 1997.[34] Its chairman and twelve other directors were jointly appointed by the Mayor of Houston and Harris County Judge. The institution remains in existence today.
The ballpark was named "Enron Field" after a $100 million, 30-year naming rights deal was made with Enron on April 7, 1999.[35]
Design and construction[edit]
Early stadium sketches from Kansas City-based Populous (then HOK Sport) using the working title "The Ballpark at Union Station" were released to the public on October 11, 1996, where Astros President Tal Smith was open about his suggestions for the stadium including the location of the flagpole in center field and a traditional dirt path from the pitcher's mound to home plate.[36][37] While the dirt path was not implemented, the flagpole idea became known as "Tal's Hill" and remained a signature feature of the ballpark until 2016.
Union Station's main concourse was preserved and renovated as the ballpark's main lobby.
In late 1997, it was announced that local Brown & Root would manage construction of the stadium, while Populous with Walter P. Moore would design it.[38] The electrification of Minute Maid Park's retractable roof was developed by VAHLE, Inc.[39]
Ground broke for The Ballpark at Union Station on October 30, 1997.[40] Its groundbreaking ceremony was attended by Enron CEO Kenneth Lay, Houston Mayor Bob Lanier, Astros owner Drayton McLane, Harris County Judge Robert Eckles, Harris County Commissioner El Franco Lee, and Harris County-Houston Sports Authority Chairman Jack Rains.
Statues of longtime Astros players Jeff Bagwell and Craig Biggio are located in the exterior of the ballpark in a space known as The Plaza at Minute Maid Park. The two former teammates are depicted playing baseball with each other. The plaza also displays pennants for all Astros division and league championships as well as several plaques to commemorate notable Astros and their achievements.
Opening and current use[edit]
The ballpark was first christened "Enron Field" on April 7, 2000, with naming rights sold to the Houston energy and financial trading company in a 30-year, $100 million deal. However, Astros management faced a public relations problem when the energy corporation went bankrupt in 2001 due to a financial scandal. Quickly wanting to distance themselves from Enron, Astros ownership asked to prematurely end naming rights, but Enron refused.[41] On February 5, 2002, Astros ownership filed a motion with the court overseeing the company's bankruptcy to force Enron to make an immediate decision on the matter. By February 27, the two entities agreed to end the naming rights, and settled with the Astros paying $2.1 million to Enron. Without a naming rights agreement in place, the ballpark became officially known as "Astros Field".[42]
In June 2002, it was announced that the Astros had sold naming rights of the ballpark to locally based Coca-Cola subsidiary Minute Maid for $100 million over 30 years.[43] Its official name was then changed to "Minute Maid Park".
During its days as Enron Field, it was also dubbed "Ten-Run" or "Home Run" Field due to its cozy left-field dimensions. In keeping with this theme while paying homage to its current sponsor, the nickname "The Juice Box" is colloquially used today.[44] The dubbing of the park as an extreme hitter-friendly park has been called into question in recent years. The 2009 season saw the park ranked 24th out of 30 Major League parks in terms of runs scored in the park and ten other ballparks saw more home runs hit.[45] The long center-field and left-center-field dimensions (before the 2016-17 renovations) neutralized the park, and Minute Maid's batting park factor is consistently very near average. However, in 2014, it was ranked the 12th-most batter-friendly ballpark.[46]
Alterations[edit]
In 2004, the Astros launched Wi-Fi throughout the ballpark, allowing fans to use the Internet while attending a game for a fee.[47] In addition, the ballpark was the first major sports facility to use a separate video board exclusively for closed captioning for the hearing impaired of PA system and video board content, rather than appearing along the bottom of the main board.
Minute Maid Park's train is visible from the exterior of the ballpark
In 2006, the Chick-fil-A cows were unveiled on the foul poles, saying EAT MOR FOWL, and the cows have Astros caps on. If an Astros player hits the pole, all fans in attendance get a coupon for a free chicken sandwich from Chick-fil-A. Hunter Pence is the first and second Astro to hit the left field "Fowl Pole" when he did it twice in the 2007 season. Ty Wigginton became the third Astro to hit the left field pole on September 16, 2007. Kazuo Matsui hit the right field foul pole on August 3, 2009, with a two-run homer in the sixth inning to beat the Giants. Carlos Lee hit the left field pole on July 28, 2010, giving the Astros an 8–1 win against the Cubs. Two days later, Jeff Keppinger hit the left field pole to help the Astros win, 5–0, against the Brewers.
After the 2008 season, the Astros' groundskeepers began installing 2.3 acres (9,300 m2) of a new turfgrass playing surface at Minute Maid Park.[48] The Astros also became one of the first to use the new Chemgrass, later known as AstroTurf after its first well-publicized use at the Houston Astrodome in 1966.
In honor of longtime Astros broadcaster Milo Hamilton, the City of Houston officially renamed a portion of the Ballpark District to the "Hall of Fame District", and the portion of Hamilton Avenue that runs within that district to "Milo Hamilton Way" on April 8, 2009.[49]
For the 2011 season, the park added a large Daktronics HD screen nicknamed "El Grande" replacing the original one in center field. At 54 feet high and 124 feet wide, it is the fourth largest scoreboard in Major League Baseball, behind Safeco Field (home of the Seattle Mariners), Progressive Field (home of the Cleveland Indians), and Kaufmann Stadium (home of the Kansas City Royals). The old screen was taken out and replaced by billboards. Additionally, a smaller HD screen was added on the far left field wall. The ring of advertisement screens around the park were replaced in favor of HD ribbon boards.[7]
After the Astros reverted to their original colors and logo in 2013, much of Minute Maid Park was repainted to navy and orange from brick red. Signs with the previous logo and colors were also replaced.[50] More than 4,500 US gallons (17,000 l) of paint were used and over 1,000 signs were replaced.
In June 2015 the Astros announced that Tal's Hill would be removed in a major renovation project during the 2015-2016 offseason, to be replaced with additional seating, concessions, and escalators for fans.[51] This would result in center field dimensions of 436 feet (then the longest in MLB) being reduced to 409 feet. In addition, seating sections 256, 257, and 258 in the outfield mezzanine would be removed. However, the project had to be postponed due to the Astros' unexpected American League Wild Card championship and subsequent postseason appearance, along with the stadium's offseason event schedule.[52] The renovation was completed during the 2016-2017 offseason.[53]
Major events[edit]
On October 9, 2005, Minute Maid Park hosted the longest postseason game in Major League Baseball history to date, both in terms of time and number of innings. The Astros defeated the Atlanta Braves 7–6 in a game lasting 18 innings, which took 5 hours and 50 minutes to play.[54]
On October 25, 2005, Minute Maid Park hosted the first World Series game ever played in Texas, and the longest World Series game ever played, which the Astros lost to the eventual World Series champion Chicago White Sox 7–5 in 14 innings; this game lasted 5 hours and 41 minutes.[55] The following night, the White Sox won their 3rd title—and first in 88 years—at Minute Maid Park.
On September 30, 2007, in Craig Biggio's last game of his career, Minute Maid Park hit the highest attendance in its 8-year history by selling 43,823 tickets, 107% of its capacity.[56]
On April 5, 2010, Opening Day of 2010, Minute Maid Park surpassed its highest attendance total once again by selling 43,836 tickets, 13 more tickets than its previous record.[57]
The Astros transferred to the American League for the 2013 season, resulting in the designated hitter rule coming into effect at Minute Maid Park. The last pitcher to bat at an MLB game in Houston was Astros pitcher Bud Norris.
In his third start as an Astro, pitcher Mike Fiers threw the stadium's first no-hitter in a 3-0 victory over the Los Angeles Dodgers on August 21, 2015.[58]
In mid-October 2017 the Astros hosted and won the American League Championship Series against the N.Y. Yankees.
In late October 2017 the Astros will host three World Series games against the Dodgers.
Non-baseball events[edit]
Soccer[edit]
While primarily a baseball venue, Minute Maid Park can adequately host sports such as soccer and both codes of rugby. The venue can also play host to large-scale music concerts. It is not large enough to comfortably accommodate American football.
Its debut as a soccer venue happened during the 2006 edition of the CONCACAF Champions Cup. The stadium hosted the first leg of the quarterfinal between Portmore United of Jamaica (the "home" team) and Club América of Mexico.[59]
Date
Winning Team
Result
Losing Team
Tournament
Spectators
February 22, 2006 Club América 2–1 Portmore United 2006 CONCACAF Champions' Cup Quarterfinal 12,988
Concerts[edit]
Paul McCartney, Jay Z, Beyoncé, Taylor Swift, Nelly, Tim McGraw, Staind and Madonna have all performed at Minute Maid Park.
Date
Artist
Opening act(s)
Tour / Concert name
Attendance
Revenue
Notes
November 16, 2008 Madonna Paul Oakenfold Sticky & Sweet Tour 41,498 / 41,498 $5,170,100
November 5, 2011 Taylor Swift — Speak Now World Tour 42,095 / 42,095 $3,435,756 Nelly was the special guest.
November 14, 2012 Paul McCartney — On the Run Tour — —
July 18, 2014 Beyoncé
Jay Z — On the Run Tour 40,103 / 40,103 $5,235,438
September 9, 2015 Taylor Swift Vance Joy
Shawn Mendes The 1989 World Tour 40,122 / 40,122 $5,202,196 Originally planned to take place on October 13, but was moved backwards to avoid any potential scheduling conflict with the Houston Astros potentially making the 2015 Major League Baseball postseason.[60] Wiz Khalifa was the special guest.[61]
November 3, 2018 Ed Sheeran TBA ÷ Tour TBA TBA
TV[edit]
The nationally syndicated TV talk show Rachael Ray held a mass wedding at the park following Hurricane Ike for 40 couples who were unable to get married after a company they paid to hold the weddings went bankrupt. Comedian Jeffrey Ross served as best man for all 40 couples. The ceremony was aired as part of a special episode of the talk show on November 21, 2008.[62]
Other events[edit]
ESPN's Sal Paolantonio talking to Tom Brady and Matt Ryan at Super Bowl LI Opening Night.
The stadium also is the host of the Houston College Classic college baseball tournament, part of the winter fan festival held in February. The tournament features local schools the University of Houston and Rice University every year, a pair of major conference schools, alternating between Big 12 members University of Texas at Austin, Texas Tech University, Baylor University and SEC member Texas A&M University, as well as two other teams from around the country.
On May 9, 2015, Canelo Alvarez fought James Kirkland in the first boxing match fought in the stadium. Alvarez defeated Kirkland via knockout in the third round.
The University of Houston–Downtown also holds their commencement ceremony in Minute Maid Park.[63]
Minute Maid Park hosted a cricket match on November 11, 2015, the second in a series of three Cricket All-Stars matches played by retired greats of the game.[64] Shane Warne's Warne's Warriors clinched the series 2-0. Keeping with the naming conventions from the previous match at Minute Maid Park, the ends were named after Nolan Ryan and José Cruz, two players that have their numbers retired by the Astros.
On January 30, 2017, the stadium was the site of opening festivities for Super Bowl LI, to be held at nearby NRG Stadium. The event included the popular Media Day where players on the New England Patriots and Atlanta Falcons conducted interviews.[65]
In April 2017, the park hosted the final rounds of the Houston leg of the FIRST Championship. To avoid damaging the field while the Astros were in season, the competition fields were built on a stage over the infield dirt between first and third base.[66]
Features[edit]
Union Station Lobby is the main entrance to Minute Maid Park, and the former concourse of Houston's original Union Station built in 1911
In dramatic contrast to the Astrodome, the most pitching-oriented stadium in Major League Baseball for most of its existence, Minute Maid Park is known[by whom?] for being particularly hitter-friendly down the lines, especially in left field where it is only 315 ft (96 m) to the Crawford Boxes, though the wall there is 19 feet (5.8 m) tall. In a challenge to home run hitters, former Astros owner Drayton McLane's office window, located in the old Union Station and directly above the Crawford Boxes, is made of glass and a sign below the window is marked 422 ft (135 m) from home plate.
In contrast to the ease of hitting a home run to the Crawford Boxes, it was quite difficult to hit a ball out in center field, as the deep-centre wall was 436 ft (133 m) from home plate and had held the top spot for active MLB ballparks for the deepest center field of any park in baseball.[67] Fielding is a challenge there as well, due to the 90-foot (27 m) wide center field incline called Tal's Hill, for former team president Tal Smith, an element taken from Crosley Field and other historic ballparks, and the flagpole in play, an element taken from Yankee Stadium before its remodeling in the mid-'70s and Tiger Stadium among others. Milwaukee Brewers player Richie Sexson once hit a ball off the flagpole. There was a mark there until the 2011 season, when the pole was repainted. The hill and the flagpole were scheduled to be removed following the 2015 season,[68] but remained in place due to an unexpected playoff run.[69] The hill and flagpole remained in place until the end of the 2016 season.[70]
The visiting team's bullpen is housed entirely in the exterior left field wall, next to the Crawford Boxes, making it one of the few bullpens in Major League ballparks to be completely indoors. Although windows in the outfield fence offer a view into and from the bullpen, its entrance is actually built into the side of the Crawford Boxes.
While Crosley Field's infamous left field terrace, which was half as steep (only 15°) as Tal's Hill (30°), was a natural feature of the site on which the park was located, Tal's Hill is purely decorative. Both features have been held in equal disdain by center fielders. This hill has caused some of the most replayed catches in recent baseball history, and plenty of controversy as well. Lance Berkman said, "If the ball rolls onto the hill, it's not steep enough to roll back, so you have to go get it. Then there's the chance of running into the flagpole that's on it and getting hurt." Fans started an online petition to remove the hill and flagpole, though the petition has since been discontinued. On June 4, 2015, the Astros announced that they would be removing Tal's Hill as part of a $15 million renovation for the 2016 season. The center field fence was to be moved in from 436 feet (which from 2000 to 2016 was the longest in baseball) to 409 feet (125 m) from home plate, but the center field renovations were delayed until after the 2016 season, due at least in part to the 2015 playoffs cutting into planned construction time.[71]
The ballpark features 19,201 seats on the lower level,[72] 7,132 seats on the second level,[72] 880 seats on the suite level,[72] and 13,750 seats on the upper level.[72]
The Phillips 66 Home Run Pump
A concourse above Tal's Hill features the "Phillips 66 Home Run Porch" in left-center field that is over the field of play, and features a classic petrol pump that displays the total number of Astros home runs hit since the park opened.
The stadium can be fully air-conditioned when required.
Transportation access[edit]
Minute Maid Park is located in Downtown Houston in a centralized area of the city, and accessible via a short driving distance on Interstate 10 (Katy Freeway/East Freeway), Interstate 69 (Southwest Freeway/Eastex Freeway), and Interstate 45 (Gulf Freeway/North Freeway). Street parking, garage parking, and private lot parking are available, with an estimated 25,000 spots within walking distance to the ballpark. Taxi cabs and pedicabs are also commonly found near the surrounding ballpark area.
Public transportation allows for accessibility via bus or light rail service. The METRORail light rail system has a stop located one block south of Minute Maid Park, Convention District Station, served by the Green and Purple lines. The Red Line also serves the ballpark at Preston Station, six blocks to the west.
Hurricane Harvey[edit]
In 2017, the park was completely flooded on the ground floor as a result of Hurricane Harvey. The playing surface had to be completely rebuilt before the Astros could return from playing their home games in St. Petersburg, Florida.[73]
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Ballpark Digest Visit to Minute Maid Park
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Astros Daily - Your best source for news and information on the Houston Astros
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Jump up ^ "MLB Park Factors - 2010". ESPN. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ranking MLB's Most Hitter-Friendly Ballparks, by the Numbers". Retrieved April 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Minute Maid Park goes Wi-Fi". Broadcast Engineering. September 24, 2004. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Zaccardi, Nick (December 8, 2008). "Astros First to Use New Turfgrass Surface". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved December 8, 2008.
Jump up ^ Footer, Alyson (April 8, 2009). "Milo Hamilton Way Unveiled in Houston". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Footer, Alyson (March 29, 2013). "Minute Maid Park gets fresh makeover". MLB.com. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ Press Release (June 4, 2015). "Astros announce exciting new concepts for Minute Maid Park". Retrieved October 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ FOX Sports (October 15, 2015). "Tal’s Hill lives! Astros delay scheduled Minute Maid Park renovations". FOX Sports. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ Young, Matt (October 10, 2016). "Astros break ground on removal of Tal's Hill". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Ortiz, Jose De Jesus (October 10, 2005). "A Win Like No Other". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved October 10, 2005.
Jump up ^ Ortiz, Jose de Jesus (October 26, 2005). "Astros Lose Heartbreaker at Bitter End". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved October 26, 2005.
Jump up ^ Ortiz, Jose de Jesus (September 30, 2007). "Biggio Goes Out in Style As Astros Win". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Fallas, Bernardo (April 20, 2010). "Astros Seeking to Fight Off Decline in Attendance". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Ortiz, Jose de Jesus (August 21, 2015). "Astros’ Mike Fiers tosses first no-hitter in Minute Maid Park history against Dodgers". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Fallas, Bernardo (February 23, 2006). "Club América Finds Its Footing in Win / Mexican Team Produces Goals to Rally Past Portmore United". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Astros' playoff chances force Taylor Swift to reschedule Minute Maid Park gig". Fox Sports. July 27, 2015. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ Li, Shirley (September 10, 2015). "Taylor Swift performs 'See You Again' with Wiz Khalifa on 1989 tour". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ Noonoo, Jemimah (November 3, 2008). "Rachael Ray Holds Mass Wedding in Houston". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
Jump up ^ Commencement from University of Houston–Downtown, retrieved 14 May 2015
Jump up ^ "USA All-Stars tour gaining momentum". cricket.com.au. Retrieved 9 November 2015.
Jump up ^ McIlvoy, Randy (January 30, 2017). "Super Bowl opening night at Minute Maid Park". KPRC-TV. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmbjykLZ-YA
Jump up ^ Bleacher Report - Ranking MLB's Most Hitter-Friendly Ballparks, by the Numbers - 12: Minute Maid Park.
Jump up ^ "Level playing field: Astros to get rid of Tal's Hill". Retrieved 2016-09-16.
Jump up ^ "Too 'Tal' a task? Astros delay removal of CF Hill". Retrieved 2016-09-16.
Jump up ^ Pagels, Jim. "Death of Houston's Tal's Hill Continues Demise Of Baseball's On-Field Oddities". Retrieved 2016-09-16.
Jump up ^ "Astros delay renovations to Minute Maid; Tal’s Hill lives another year". Ultimate Astros. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Minute Maid Park Facts and Figures". Major League Baseball Advanced Media. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ [1] "Minute Maid Park in good condition" www.chron.com
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Minute Maid Park.
Houston portal
Baseball portal
Stadium site on astros.com
Minute Maid Park Seating Chart
Levine, Zachary. "Astros looking at the bigger picture." Houston Chronicle. October 8, 2010.
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text:
Moonstruck
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Moonstruck
Theatrical release poster by Olga Kaljakin
Directed by
Norman Jewison
Produced by
Norman Jewison
Patrick Palmer
Written by
John Patrick Shanley
Starring
Cher
Nicolas Cage
Vincent Gardenia
Olympia Dukakis
Danny Aiello
Music by
Dick Hyman
Cinematography
David Watkin
Edited by
Lou Lombardo
Production
company
Star Partners II Ltd.
Distributed by
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
(MGM/UA Communications)
Release date
December 16, 1987 (1987-12-16) (New York City)
December 18, 1987 (1987-12-18) (United States)
January 15, 1988 (Wide)
Running time
102 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Italian
Budget
$15 million[1]
Box office
$91,640,528[2]
Moonstruck is a 1987 American romantic comedy film directed by Norman Jewison and written by John Patrick Shanley. It is about a widowed 37-year-old Italian-American woman (Cher) who falls in love with her fiancé's (Danny Aiello) estranged, hot-tempered younger brother (Nicolas Cage). Vincent Gardenia and Olympia Dukakis play supporting roles.
The film was released on December 16, 1987 in New York City, and then nationally on January 15, 1988. Receiving largely positive reviews from critics, it went on to gross $91.6 million at the North American box office, making it the fifth highest-grossing film of that year.[2]
Moonstruck was nominated for six Oscars at the 60th Academy Awards, winning for Best Original Screenplay, Best Actress, and Best Supporting Actress.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Critical and commercial reception
4 Awards and honors
5 Soundtrack
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
Thirty-seven-year-old Loretta Castorini (Cher), an Italian-American widow, is a bookkeeper in Brooklyn Heights, New York, where she lives with her family: her father Cosmo (Vincent Gardenia) a successful plumber; her mother Rose (Olympia Dukakis); and her paternal grandfather (Feodor Chaliapin Jr.). Her boyfriend Johnny Cammareri (Danny Aiello) proposes to her before leaving for Sicily to be with his dying mother; she accepts, but is insistent that they carefully follow tradition as she believes her first marriage was cursed by her failure to do so, resulting in her husband's death. Johnny asks Loretta to invite his estranged younger brother Ronny (Nicolas Cage) to the wedding. Loretta returns home and informs her parents of the engagement. Cosmo dislikes Johnny and is reluctant to commit to paying for the "real" wedding Loretta insists on, while Rose is pleased that Loretta likes Johnny but does not love him; she believes that one can easily be driven crazy by a partner whom one loves.
The next day, Loretta goes to see Ronny at his bakery. He reveals that he has a wooden prosthetic hand, and he explains that he blames Johnny for the loss of his hand and his own fiancée; Ronny became distracted while talking to Johnny as he cut bread for him, his hand was mangled in the slicer, and his fiancée left him. Loretta insists that they discuss the matter upstairs in his apartment, where she cooks for him and then tells him that she believes he is a "wolf" who cut off his own hand to escape the trap of a bad relationship. Ronny reacts furiously and passionately, kissing Loretta (who responds to his kiss) and then carrying her to his bed where they make love. At the same time, Cosmo is dining with his mistress Mona (Anita Gillette) and giving her jewelry.
That evening, Rose's brother Raymond (Louis Guss) and his wife Rita (Julie Bovasso) join Rose and Cosmo for dinner, and they all wonder where Loretta is. Raymond recalls that when he was a boy and Cosmo was courting Rose, he thought that a particularly bright moon one night was somehow brought to the house by Cosmo because of his love for Rose. That night, Loretta remains at Ronny's apartment and sees such a moon; Raymond sees it as well, and it leads him and Rita to make love. The next morning, Loretta tells Ronny they can never see each other again. She slaps him when he claims to be in love with her ("Snap out of it!") and he agrees to never see her again if she will attend the opera (his other great love) with him that night. She agrees. She then goes to church and confesses her infidelity. She unexpectedly sees her mother there, and Rose tells her that Cosmo is having an affair; Loretta is doubtful. Loretta then goes to Raymond and Rita's store to close out the cash register, after which she impulsively goes to the hair salon and buys a glamorous evening gown.
Loretta and Ronny (wearing a tuxedo) meet at Lincoln Center, and each is impressed with the other's appearance. Loretta is deeply moved by her first opera, Puccini's La bohème. But as they leave, Loretta sees Cosmo and Mona, and she confronts her father. He sees that she is with Ronny, and he suggests that they simply agree that they didn't see each other at all, but Loretta is conflicted. Loretta then intends to return home alone, but Ronny leads her back to his apartment where he passionately and desperately persuades her into another tryst. The same night, Rose dines alone at a restaurant and sees a college professor, Perry (John Mahoney), being dramatically dumped by a female student, a similar scene having played out with a different girl the night Johnny proposed to Loretta. Rose invites Perry to dine with her, asks him why men pursue women, and then shares with him her belief that men pursue women because they fear death. Perry walks Rose home and tries to convince her to invite him in; she refuses "because I'm married. Because I know who I am." Later, Johnny unexpectedly returns from Sicily after his mother's "miraculous" recovery and goes to Loretta's house; Rose explains that she's not there and then asks him why men chase women. He tells her it may be because they fear death, with which Rose agrees. After this exchange he leaves, planning to return in the morning to see Loretta.
In the morning, Loretta returns home in a reverie but is then distressed to learn from Rose that Johnny will be there soon. Ronny then arrives, and Rose notes their matching "love bites" and invites him for breakfast over Loretta's objections. Cosmo and his father emerge from upstairs, and the older man cajoles Cosmo into agreeing to pay for Loretta's wedding. Rose then confronts Cosmo and, after he acknowledges in response to her questioning that she has been a good wife, demands that he end his affair; he is upset but agrees and, after insistence from Rose, also agrees to go to confession, and they then affirm their love for each other. Raymond and Rita also arrive, concerned and seemingly reluctantly suspicious, to find out why Loretta didn't make the previous day's bank deposit; they are relieved to learn that she merely forgot and still has the money. When Johnny finally arrives, he breaks off the engagement, superstitiously believing that their marriage would cause his mother's death. Loretta, momentarily offended by his breaking the engagement, chastises Johnny for breaking his promise and throws the engagement ring at him. Seizing the moment, Ronny borrows the ring and asks Loretta to marry him; she accepts. To Rose's chagrin, Loretta declares that she loves Ronny. The family toasts the couple with champagne and a befuddled Johnny joins in at the grandfather's urging, as he will now be part of the family after all.
Cast[edit]
Cher as Loretta Castorini
Nicolas Cage as Ronny Cammareri
Olympia Dukakis as Rose Castorini
Vincent Gardenia as Cosmo Castorini
Danny Aiello as Johnny Cammareri
Julie Bovasso as Rita Cappomaggi
Louis Guss as Raymond Cappomaggi
John Mahoney as Perry
Feodor Chaliapin, Jr. as Grandpa Castorini
Anita Gillette as Mona
Critical and commercial reception[edit]
Moonstruck was a major critical and commercial success. The film generated 93% on Rotten Tomatoes with this consensus:
Led by energetic performances from Nicolas Cage and Cher, Moonstruck is an exuberantly funny tribute to love and one of the decade's most appealing comedies.
According to Time:
John Patrick Shanley's witty, shapely script puts an octet of New Yorkers under a lunar-tuney spell one romantic night. Cher shines brightest of all.
According to Roger Ebert, who later added the film among his "Great Movies" list:
Reviews of the movie tend to make it sound like a madcap ethnic comedy, and that it is. But there is something more here, a certain bittersweet yearning that comes across as ineffably romantic, and a certain magical quality.[4]
According to Gene Siskel, writing for the Chicago Tribune:
Our Flick of the Week is Moonstruck, which is being sold as a romance but actually is one of the funniest pictures to come out in quite some time. [...] You will not easily forget this incredibly robust family, created by writer John Patrick Shanley and directed by Norman Jewison, who makes a comeback with this uproarious film.[5]
It appeared on both critics' Top 10 lists for 1987.[6]
On its wide release, the film opened at #3 and spent 20 nonconsecutive weeks in the top 10 and finally grossed $80,640,528[2] on a budget of $15 million. Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[7]
Awards and honors[edit]
Awards
Award
Category
Name
Outcome
Academy Awards Best Actress Cher Won
Best Supporting Actress Olympia Dukakis Won
Original Screenplay John Patrick Shanley Won
Best Picture Norman Jewison, Patrick Palmer Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Vincent Gardenia Nominated
Best Director Norman Jewison Nominated
Berlin Film Festival Silver Bear for Best Director Norman Jewison Won[8]
British Academy Film Awards Best Actress Cher Nominated
Best Supporting Actress Olympia Dukakis Nominated
BAFTA Award for Best Film Music Dick Hyman Nominated
BAFTA Award for Best Original Screenplay John Patrick Shanley Nominated
Golden Globe Awards Best Actress Cher Won
Best Supporting Actress Olympia Dukakis Won
Best Picture - Musical or Comedy Nominated
Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy Nicolas Cage Nominated
Best Screenplay John Patrick Shanley Nominated
Writers Guild of America Best Original Screenplay John Patrick Shanley Won
In June 2008, AFI revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. Moonstruck was acknowledged as the eighth best film in the romantic comedy genre.[9][10] The film is also number 72 on Bravo's "100 Funniest Movies," and number 41 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs.
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
1998: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – Nominated[11]
2000: AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – #41[12]
2002: AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – #17[13]
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"That's Amore" – Nominated[14]
2005: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
Loretta Castorini: "Snap out of it!" – #96[15]
2007: AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[16]
2008: AFI's 10 Top 10:
#8 Romantic Comedy Film[17]
Influential film critic Roger Ebert entered the film to his "Great Movies" collection in June 2003.[18]
Soundtrack[edit]
Song
Artist
Notes
That's Amore Dean Martin Harry Warren, Jack Brooks
Canzone Per Loretta/Addio, Mulberry Street Jack Zaza (mandolin) Dick Hyman
Mr. Moon Dick Hyman
It Must Be Him Vikki Carr Gilbert Bécaud, Mack David, Maurice Vidalin
Old Man Mazurka Dominic Cortese (accordion) Dick Hyman
Lament for Johnny's Mama Dick Hyman
Che gelida manina Ed Bickert (guitar) Giacomo Puccini
Donde lieta uscì Renata Tebaldi Giacomo Puccini
Canzone Per Loretta Dick Hyman
O soave fanciulla Carlo Bergonzi, Renata Tebaldi Giacomo Puccini
Musetta's Waltz Moe Koffman (alto saxophone) Giacomo Puccini
Musetta's Entrance Nora Shulman (flute) Giacomo Puccini
La bohème (instrumental excerpts) Giacomo Puccini
(In Loretta's Bedroom) Gettin' Ready Moe Koffman (alto saxophone) Dick Hyman
Brooklyn Heights Stroll Dick Hyman
Beautiful Signorina Dick Hyman
Moonglow Eddie DeLange, Will Hudson, Irving Mills
Canzone Per Loretta Dominic Cortese (accordion) Dick Hyman
Gioventù mia, tu non sei morta (La bohème, act 2) Carlo Bergonzi, Cesare Siepi, Ettore Bastianini, Fernando Corena, Gianna D'Angelo, Renata Tebaldi, Renato Cesari Giacomo Puccini
Soundtrack references: [19][20]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Box Office Information for Moonstruck. TheWrap. Retrieved April 4, 2013
^ Jump up to: a b c "Moonstruck". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
Jump up ^ Moonstruck Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Retrieved 2010-2-26
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (January 15, 1988). "Review of Moonstruck". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 1999-03-02.
Jump up ^ Gene Siskel (1988-01-15). "Flick Of Week: Comedy Is King In 'Moonstruck'". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 2013-12-02.
Jump up ^ "Ebert & Roeper and the movies - Best & Worst". Web.archive.org. 5 June 2001. Archived from the original on 5 June 2001. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "CinemaScore". cinemascore.com.
Jump up ^ "Berlinale: 1988 Prize Winners". berlinale.de. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
Jump up ^ American Film Institute (2008-06-17). "AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
Jump up ^ American Film Institute (2008-06-17). "AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-06.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs Nominees" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-06.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies Nominees (10th Anniversary Edition)" (PDF). Retrieved 2016-08-06.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 10 Top 10: Top 10 Romantic Comedy". American Film Institute. Retrieved 2016-08-06.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (June 22, 2003). "Moonstruck". Chicago Sun-Times.
Jump up ^ "Moonstruck (1987)". IMDb.com. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Moonstruck - Original Soundtrack - Songs, Reviews, Credits - AllMusic". AllMusic. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Moonstruck
Moonstruck on IMDb
Moonstruck at the TCM Movie Database
Moonstruck at Box Office Mojo
Moonstruck at Rotten Tomatoes
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Films directed by Norman Jewison
40 Pounds of Trouble (1962)
The Thrill of It All (1963)
Send Me No Flowers (1964)
The Art of Love (1965)
The Cincinnati Kid (1965)
The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966)
In the Heat of the Night (1967)
The Thomas Crown Affair (1968)
Gaily, Gaily (1969)
Fiddler on the Roof (1971)
Jesus Christ Superstar (1973)
Rollerball (1975)
F.I.S.T. (1978)
...And Justice for All (1979)
Best Friends (1982)
A Soldier's Story (1984)
Agnes of God (1985)
Moonstruck (1987)
In Country (1989)
Other People's Money (1991)
Only You (1994)
Bogus (1996)
The Hurricane (1999)
Dinner with Friends (2001)
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Love Island
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Love Island may refer to:
Love Island (2005 TV series), British reality television programme where twelve single celebrities spent five weeks on an island in Fiji
Love Island (2015 TV series), a remake of the above series set on Majorca
Love Island (1952 film), American film directed by Bud Pollard starring Paul Valentine and Eva Gabor
Love Island (2014 film), directed by Jasmila Žbanić
Love Island, 1978 album by Eumir Deodato
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Love Island.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Love_Island&oldid=792941580"
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List of tallest buildings in Saint Paul
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Entering downtown Saint Paul from the west.
Downtown St. Paul from the southwest in the winter.
Below is a table of the twenty tallest buildings in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Since 1987 the tallest building has been the 471-foot Wells Fargo Place.
Contents
1 Tallest buildings
2 Tallest under construction, approved, and proposed
3 See also
4 References
Tallest buildings[edit]
Rank
Name
Height
ft / m
Floors
Year
Notes
1 Wells Fargo Place 471 / 144 37 1987 Tallest building in St. Paul since its completion in 1987.
2 Cray Plaza 460 / 135 46 1986 Tallest building in St. Paul from 1986 to 1987, and also has the most floors in St. Paul.
3 First National Bank Building 417 / 127 32 1931 Tallest building in St. Paul from 1931 to 1986.
4 Kellogg Square Apartments 366 / 112 32 1972
5 The Pointe of St. Paul 340 / 104 33 1988
6 Minnesota State Fairgrounds Space Tower 340 / 104 33 1965 Modeled after the Space Needle in Seattle, Washington [1]
7 US Bank Center 338 / 103 26 1975
8 City Walk Condominiums & Parking 332 / 101 27 1983
9 Travelers Building 330 / 101 17 1991
10 Bremer Tower 328 / 100 27 1980
11 The 400 Building 327 / 100 21 1982
12 Landmark Towers 327 / 100 25 1983
13 Sibley Tower 314 / 96 33 1986
14 Cathedral of Saint Paul 306 / 93 2 1915 Tallest building in St. Paul from 1915 to 1931.
15 UBS Plaza 305 / 93 25 1980
16 Ecolab Corporate Center 305 / 93 22 1968
17 Eugene McCarthy U. S. Post Office 274 / 84 15 1934
18 Crowne Plaza St. Paul-Riverfront 268 / 82 23 1966
19 St. Paul City Hall 261 / 80 21 1932
20 The 401 Building 256 / 78 13 2000 Tallest building in St. Paul constructed in the 21st century.
21 Ecolab University Center 254 / 77 17 1973
22 Skyline Tower 240 / 73 24 1972
Tallest under construction, approved, and proposed[edit]
Name
Height
ft / m
Floors
Year
Status
Notes
The Penfield 7 2014 Complete
West Side Flats 6 2014 Complete
CHS Field 2015 Complete
See also[edit]
List of tallest buildings in Minneapolis
List of tallest buildings in Minnesota
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.msffoundation.org/sites/default/files/2013_state_fair_history_tour_brochure.pdf
Tallest skyscrapers of St. Paul
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Saint_Paul&oldid=833884343"
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Lists of tallest buildings in the United States by city
Buildings and structures in Minnesota
Lists of buildings and structures in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Saint Paul, Minnesota
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Galtier Plaza

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