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Blinded by the Light
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"Blinded by the Light"
Single by Bruce Springsteen
from the album Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J.
B-side
"The Angel"
Released
February 1973
Recorded
August–September 1972
914 Sound Studios, Blauvelt, New York
Genre
Rock
Length
5:06
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Bruce Springsteen
Producer(s)
Mike Appel, Jim Cretecos
Bruce Springsteen singles chronology
"Blinded by the Light"
(1973) "Spirit in the Night"
(1973)
Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. track listing
Side one
"Blinded by the Light"
"Growin' Up"
"Mary Queen of Arkansas"
"Does This Bus Stop at 82nd Street?"
"Lost in the Flood"
Side two
"The Angel"
"For You"
"Spirit in the Night"
"It's Hard to Be a Saint in the City"
"Blinded by the Light"
Single by Manfred Mann's Earth Band
from the album The Roaring Silence
B-side
"Starbird No. 2"
Released
August 6, 1976
Format
7"
Recorded
1976, Workhouse Studios, London
Genre
Progressive rock, hard rock
Length
7:08 (album version)
3:48 (single version)
Label
Bronze Records
Songwriter(s)
Bruce Springsteen
Producer(s)
Manfred Mann and Earth Band
Manfred Mann's Earth Band singles chronology
"Spirits in the Night"
(1975) "Blinded by the Light"
(1976) "Questions"
(1976)
Audio sample
file
help
"Blinded by the Light" is a song written and recorded by Bruce Springsteen, which first appeared on his 1973 debut album Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. A cover by British rock band Manfred Mann's Earth Band reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States in February 1977 and was also a top ten hit in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Canada.
Contents
1 History
1.1 Cover versions and reissues
1.2 Lyrics
2 Personnel
3 Chart performance
3.1 Weekly charts
3.2 Year-end charts
4 Notes
5 References
6 External links
History[edit]
The song came about when Columbia president Clive Davis, upon listening to an early version of Greetings from Asbury Park N.J., felt the album lacked a potential single. Springsteen wrote this and "Spirit in the Night" in response.
According to Springsteen, the song came about from going through a rhyming dictionary in search of appropriate words. The first line of the song, "Madman drummers, bummers, and Indians in the summers with a teenage diplomat" is autobiographical—"Madman drummers" is a reference to drummer Vini Lopez, known as "Mad Man" (later changed to "Mad Dog"); "Indians in the summer" refers to the name of Springsteen's old Little League team; "teenage diplomat" refers to himself.[citation needed] The remainder of the song tells of many unrelated events, with the refrain of "Blinded by the light, cut loose like a deuce, another runner in the night."
"Blinded by the Light" was the first song on, and first single from, Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. Springsteen's version was commercially unsuccessful and did not appear on the music charts.
Cover versions and reissues[edit]
Manfred Mann's Earth Band released a version of the song on their 1976 album The Roaring Silence. Their version includes the "Chopsticks" melody played on piano near the end of the bridge of the song. The track reached #1 on both the Billboard Hot 100 and the Canadian RPM charts. Manfred Mann's Earth Band's recording of "Blinded by the Light" is Springsteen's only #1 single as a songwriter on the Hot 100 (he never had a #1 as a performer except as part of USA for Africa).
In 2002, Danish act Funkstar De Luxe released its disco version of this song. A "jazzified" version can be found on Springsteen's 2007 video and audio release Live in Dublin, recorded with The Sessions Band.
The song is used in the films Blow, Running with Scissors, and Super Troopers 2.
Lyrics[edit]
Manfred Mann's Earth Band's recording of the song changes the lyrics. The most prominent change is in the chorus, where Springsteen's "cut loose like a deuce" is replaced with "revved up like a deuce."[1][2][a] This is commonly misheard as "wrapped up like a douche" (the V sound in "revved" is almost unpronounced, and the S sound in "deuce" comes across as "SH" due to a significant lisp).[3][4] The lyric is actually a reference to a hot rod "deuce coupe." Springsteen was fond of classic hot rods in his youth, hence the line "revved up like a deuce, another runner in the night." Springsteen himself has joked about the controversy, claiming that it was not until Manfred Mann rewrote the song to be about a feminine hygiene product that it became popular.[5]
Personnel[edit]
Original version
Bruce Springsteen – vocals, guitar, bass, keyboards
Vini "Mad Dog" Lopez – drums, backing vocals
Clarence Clemons – saxophone, backing vocals
with
Harold Wheeler – piano
Manfred Mann's Earth Band cover
Manfred Mann – organ, piano, keyboards, backing vocals
Colin Pattenden – bass
Dave Flett – guitar
Chris Hamlet Thompson – vocals, guitar
Chris Slade – drums, backing vocals
with
Doreen Chanter – backing vocals
Irene Chanter – backing vocals
Susanne Lynch – backing vocals
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1976-77)
Peak
position
Australia[6] 11
Canada RPM 1
Netherlands 19
New Zealand 8
UK Singles Chart[7] 6
U.S. Billboard Hot 100[8] 1
U.S. Cash Box Top 100[9] 1
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1976)
Rank
Australia[10] 88
Chart (1977)
Rank
Canada[11] 28
US Billboard Hot 100[12] 36
US Cash Box[13] 52
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ The word "deuce," in both the Springsteen and Earth Band versions, refers to a 1932 model Ford.[citation needed]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Buzzelli, Mike (April 26, 2010). "Revved up like a deuce, another runner in the night". Observer-Reporter. Archived from the original on June 2, 2010. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "VH1 Storytellers: Bruce Springsteen". Archived from the original on December 7, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Manfred Mann's Earth Band : Blinded by the Light : Real Lyric: Blinded by the light, revved up like a deuce, another runner in the night : Misheard: Blinded by the light, wrapped up like a douche". Kissthisguy.com. Retrieved 2016-05-08.
Jump up ^ "Q: "Blinded By the Light, Revved Up Like a…" What?". Blogcritics.org. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ "Bruce Springsteen". VH1 Storytellers. Episode 62. April 23, 2005. VH1.
Jump up ^ "Australian Chart Book". Austchartbook.com.au. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 346/6. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ "Cash Box Top 100 2/05/77". Archived from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved 2015-05-25.
Jump up ^ Steffen Hung. "Forum - Top 100 End of Year AMR Charts - 1980s (ARIA Charts: Special Occasion Charts)". Australian-charts.com. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ "Image : RPM Weekly - Library and Archives Canada". Bac-lac.gc.ca. Retrieved 2016-10-08.
Jump up ^ [1][dead link]
Jump up ^ "Cash Box YE Pop Singles - 1977". Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
External links[edit]
1970s portal
"Blinded by the Light" lyrics from Bruce Springsteen's official site

show
v
t
e
Manfred Mann's Earth Band
Manfred Mann
Mick Rogers
Robert Hart
John Lingwood
Steve Kinch
Chris Thompson
Steve Waller
Chris Slade
Colin Pattenden
Pat King
Jimmy Copley
Clive Bunker
Dave Flett
Matt Irving
Shona Laing
Richard Marcangelo
Geoff Britton
Noel McCalla
John Trotter
Geoff Dunn
Pete May
Studio albums
Manfred Mann's Earth Band
Glorified Magnified
Messin' (Get Your Rocks Off)
Solar Fire
The Good Earth
Nightingales and Bombers
The Roaring Silence
Watch
Angel Station
Chance
Somewhere in Afrika
Criminal Tango
Masque
Plains Music
Soft Vengeance
2006
Live albums
Budapest Live
Mann Alive
Compilations
Blinded by the Light: The Very Best of Manfred Mann's Earth Band
The Best of Manfred Mann's Earth Band Re-Mastered
The Best of Manfred Mann's Earth Band Re-Mastered Volume II
Odds & Sods - Mis-takes & Out-takes
Songs
"I'll Be Gone"
"Blinded by the Light"
"Spirit in the Night"
"Mighty Quinn"
"Davy's on the Road Again"
"Don't Kill It Carol"
"For You"
"Redemption Song"
Related articles
Discography
Manfred Mann
Manfred Mann Chapter Three
The Manfreds
show
v
t
e
Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band
Bruce Springsteen
Garry Tallent
Roy Bittan
Max Weinberg
Steven Van Zandt
Nils Lofgren
Patti Scialfa
Jake Clemons
Charles Giordano
Soozie Tyrell
Former members
Ernest Carter
Clarence Clemons
Danny Federici
Vini Lopez
David Sancious
Former touring musicians
Everett Bradley
Barry Danielian
Clark Gayton
Curtis King
Suki Lahav
Ed Manion
The Miami Horns
Cindy Mizelle
Michelle Moore
Tom Morello
Curt Ramm
Jay Weinberg
Studio albums
Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. (1973)
The Wild, the Innocent & the E Street Shuffle (1973)
Born to Run (1975)
Darkness on the Edge of Town (1978)
The River (1980)
Nebraska (1982)
Born in the U.S.A. (1984)
Tunnel of Love (1987)
Human Touch (1992)
Lucky Town (1992)
The Ghost of Tom Joad (1995)
The Rising (2002)
Devils & Dust (2005)
We Shall Overcome: The Seeger Sessions (2006)
Magic (2007)
Working on a Dream (2009)
Wrecking Ball (2012)
High Hopes (2014)
Live albums &
Bruce Springsteen Archives
Live 1975–85 (1986)
In Concert/MTV Plugged (1993)
Live in New York City (2001)
Hammersmith Odeon London '75 (2006)
Live in Dublin (2007)
Live from the Carousel (2011)
Apollo Theater 3/09/12 (2014)
The Agora, Cleveland 1978 (2015)
Tower Theater, Philadelphia 1975 (2015)
Nassau Coliseum, New York 1980 (2015)
Brendan Byrne Arena, New Jersey 1984 (2015)
LA Sports Arena, California 1988 (2015)
Schottenstein Center, Ohio 2005 (2015)
Ippodromo delle Capannelle, Rome 2013 (2015)
Arizona State University, Tempe 1980 (2015)
The Christic Shows 1990 (2016)
HSBC Arena, Buffalo, NY, 11/22/09 (2016)
Scottrade Center, St. Louis, MO, 8/23/08 (2017)
Olympiastadion, Helsinki, July 31, 2012 (2017)
Wachovia Spectrum, Philadelphia, PA 10/20/09 (2017)
Palace Theatre, Albany 1977 (2017)
Auditorium Theatre, Rochester, NY 1977 (2017)
King's Hall, Belfast March 19, 1996 (2017)
The Summit, Houston, TX December 8, 1978 (2017)
Compilations
Greatest Hits (1995)
18 Tracks (1999)
The Essential Bruce Springsteen (2003)
Greatest Hits (2009)
The Promise (2010)
Collection: 1973–2012 (2013)
Chapter and Verse (2016)
Box sets
The Born in the U.S.A. 12" Single Collection (1985)
Tracks (1998)
The Collection (2004)
Born to Run: 30th Anniversary Edition (2005)
The Collection 1973–1984 (2010)
The Promise: The Darkness on the Edge of Town Story (2010)
The Album Collection Vol. 1 1973–1984 (2014)
The Ties That Bind: The River Collection (2015)
EPs
Live Collection (1987)
Chimes of Freedom (1988)
Blood Brothers (1996)
PBS Exclusive (2007)
Magic Tour Highlights (2008)
American Beauty (2014)
Singles
"Blinded by the Light" (1973)
"Spirit in the Night" (1973)
"4th of July, Asbury Park (Sandy)" (1974)
"Born to Run" (1975)
"Tenth Avenue Freeze-Out" (1976)
"Prove It All Night" (1978)
"Badlands" (1978)
"The Promised Land" (1978)
"Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)" (1979)
"Hungry Heart" (1980)
"Fade Away" (1981)
"Sherry Darling" (1981)
"The River" (1981)
"Cadillac Ranch" (1981)
"Point Blank" (1981)
"Atlantic City" (1982)
"Open All Night" (1982)
"Dancing in the Dark" (1984)
"Cover Me" (1984)
"Born in the U.S.A." (1984)
"I'm on Fire" (1985)
"Glory Days" (1985)
"I'm Goin' Down" (1985)
"My Hometown" (1985)
"Santa Claus Is Comin' to Town" (1985)
"War" (1986)
"Fire" (1987)
"Brilliant Disguise" (1987)
"Tunnel of Love" (1987)
"One Step Up" (1988)
"Tougher Than the Rest" (1988)
"Spare Parts" (1988)
"Human Touch" (1992)
"57 Channels (And Nothin' On)" (1992)
"Better Days" (1992)
"Streets of Philadelphia" (1994)
"Secret Garden" (1995)
"The Ghost of Tom Joad" (1996)
"Sad Eyes" (1999)
"The Rising" (2002)
"Lonesome Day" (2002)
"Waitin' on a Sunny Day" (2003)
"Devils & Dust" (2005)
"All The Way Home" (2005)
"Radio Nowhere" (2007)
"Girls in Their Summer Clothes" (2008)
"Working on a Dream" (2008)
"My Lucky Day" (2008)
"The Wrestler" (2009)
"We Take Care of Our Own" (2012)
"Death to My Hometown" (2012)
"High Hopes" (2013)
"Just Like Fire Would" (2014)
Charting songs
"Be True" (1981)
"Ramrod" (1981)
"Nebraska" (1982)
"Johnny 99" (1982)
"No Surrender" (1984)
"Stand on It" (1985)
"Trapped" (live) (1985)
"Because the Night" (live) (1986)
"Chimes of Freedom" (live) (1988)
"Youngstown" (1995)
"American Skin (41 Shots)" (2001)
"Pay Me My Money Down" (2006)
"Long Walk Home" (2006)
"My City of Ruins" (2011)
"Rocky Ground" (2012)
Other notable songs
"Growin' Up" (1973)
"For You" (1973)
"Incident on 57th Street" (1973)
"The Fever" (1973)
"Thunder Road" (1975)
"Night" (1975)
"Backstreets" (1975)
"She's the One" (1975)
"Meeting Across the River" (1975)
"Jungleland" (1975)
"Adam Raised a Cain" (1978)
"Racing in the Street" (1978)
"Darkness on the Edge of Town" (1978)
"Stay" (1979)
"The Ties That Bind" (1980)
"Independence Day" (1980)
"Out in the Street" (1980)
"Stolen Car" (1980)
"Wreck on the Highway" (1980)
"Highway Patrolman" (1982)
"Darlington County" (1984)
"Working on the Highway" (1984)
"Downbound Train" (1984)
"Bobby Jean" (1984)
"Pink Cadillac" (1984)
"Jersey Girl" (1986)
"Light of Day" (1993)
"The New Timer" (1995)
"Land of Hope and Dreams" (2012)
"Hunter of Invisible Game" (2014)
Video releases
Video Anthology / 1978–88 (1989)
In Concert/MTV Plugged (1992)
Blood Brothers (1996)
The Complete Video Anthology / 1978–2000 (2001)
Live in New York City (2001)
Live in Barcelona (2003)
VH1 Storytellers (2005)
Wings For Wheels (2005)
Hammersmith Odeon London '75 (2005)
Live in Dublin (2007)
Magic Tour Highlights (2008)
London Calling: Live in Hyde Park (2010)
The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town (2010)
Springsteen & I (2013)
Born in the U.S.A. Live: London 2013 (2014)
A MusiCares Tribute to Bruce Springsteen (2014)
Bruce Springsteen's High Hopes (2014)
High Hopes in South Africa (2014)
Hunter of Invisible Game (2014)
Concerts
Born to Run tours (1974–77)
Darkness Tour (1978)
The River Tour (1980–81)
Born in the U.S.A. Tour (1984–85)
Tunnel of Love Express (1988)
Human Rights Now! (1988)
Bruce Springsteen 1992–1993 World Tour (1992–93)
Ghost of Tom Joad Tour (1995–97)
Reunion Tour (1999–2000)
Rising Tour (2002–03)
Vote for Change (2004)
Devils & Dust Tour (2005)
Seeger Sessions Band Tour (2006)
Magic Tour (2007–08)
Working on a Dream Tour (2009)
Wrecking Ball Tour (2012-13)
High Hopes Tour (2014)
The River Tour 2016 (2016)
Summer '17 (2017)
Springsteen on Broadway (2017-18)
Related
Discography
E Street Band
Steel Mill
The Sessions Band
The Miami Horns
Born to Run autobiography
E Street Radio
Little Steven's Underground Garage
Outlaw Pete
Mike Appel
Jon Landau
Brendan O'Brien
Bob Clearmountain
The Max Weinberg 7
Southside Johnny
Joe Grushecky
Badlands: A Tribute to Bruce Springsteen's Nebraska
Greetings from E Street
Book
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blinded_by_the_Light&oldid=853151640"
Categories:
1973 singles
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Debut singles
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Liberté, égalité, fraternité
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"Brotherhood of man" redirects here. For the musical group, see Brotherhood of Man.
Liberté, égalité, fraternité (pronounced [libɛʁte eɡalite fʁatɛʁnite]), French for "liberty, equality, fraternity",[1] is the national motto of France and the Republic of Haiti, and is an example of a tripartite motto. Although it finds its origins in the French Revolution, it was then only one motto among others and was not institutionalized until the Third Republic at the end of the 19th century.[2] Debates concerning the compatibility and order of the three terms began at the same time as the Revolution. It is also the motto of the Grand Orient de France and the Grande Loge de France.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins during the French Revolution
2 19th century
2.1 1848 Revolution
2.2 Paris Commune and Third Republic
3 20th century
4 Other nations
5 Culture
6 See also
7 Notes
8 References
9 External links
Origins during the French Revolution[edit]
Text displayed on a placard announcing the sale of biens nationaux (1793). Soon after the Revolution, the motto was sometimes written as "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity, or Death". The "death" part was later dropped for being too strongly associated with the Reign of Terror.
The first to express this motto was Maximilien Robespierre in his speech "On the organization of the National Guard" (French: Discours sur l'organisation des gardes nationales) on 5 December 1790, article XVI, and disseminated widely throughout France by the popular Societies.
Discours sur l'organisation des gardes nationales
Article XVI.
On their uniforms engraved these words: FRENCH PEOPLE, & below: LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY. The same words are inscribed on flags which bear the three colors of the nation.
(French: XVI. Elles porteront sur leur poitrine ces mots gravés : LE PEUPLE FRANÇAIS, & au-dessous : LIBERTÉ, ÉGALITÉ, FRATERNITÉ. Les mêmes mots seront inscrits sur leurs drapeaux, qui porteront les trois couleurs de la nation.)
—  Maximilien Robespierre, 1790[1][3][4]
Credit for the motto has been given also to Antoine-François Momoro (1756–94), a Parisian printer and Hébertist organizer,[5][6][7] though in different context of foreign invasion and Federalist revolts in 1793, it was modified to "Unity, indivisibility of the Republic; liberty, equality, brotherhood or death" (French: Unité, Indivisibilité de la République; Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité ou la mort) and suggested by a resolution of the Paris Commune (member of which Momoro was elected by his section du Théâtre-Français) on 29 June 1793 to be inscribed on Parisian house-fronts and imitated by the inhabitants of other cities. In 1839, the philosopher Pierre Leroux claimed it had been an anonymous and popular creation.[2][page needed] The historian Mona Ozouf underlines that, although Liberté and Égalité were associated as a motto during the 18th century, Fraternité wasn't always included in it, and other terms, such as Amitié (Friendship), Charité (Charity) or Union were often added in its place.[2]
The emphasis on Fraternité during the French Revolution led Olympe de Gouges, a female journalist, to write the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen[8][page needed] as a response. The tripartite motto was neither a creative collection, nor really institutionalized by the French Revolution.[2] As soon as 1789, other terms were used, such as "la Nation, la Loi, le Roi" (The Nation, The Law, The King), or "Union, Force, Vertu" (Union, Strength, Virtue), a slogan used beforehand by masonic lodges, or "Force, Égalité, Justice" (Strength, Equality, Justice), "Liberté, Sûreté, Propriété" (Liberty, Security, Property), etc.[2]
Alsatian sign, 1792:
Freiheit Gleichheit Brüderlichk. od. Tod (Liberty Equality Fraternity or Death)
Tod den Tyranen (Death to Tyrants)
Heil den Völkern (Long live the Peoples)
In other words, liberté, égalité, fraternité was only one slogan among many others.[2] During the Jacobin revolutionary period itself, various mottos were used, such as liberté, unité, égalité (liberty, unity, equality); liberté, égalité, justice (liberty, equality, justice); liberté, raison, égalité (liberty, reason, equality), etc.[2] The only solid association was that of liberté and égalité, fraternité being ignored by the Cahiers de doléances as well as by the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. It was only alluded to in the 1791 Constitution, as well as in Robespierre's draft Declaration of 1793, placed under the invocation of (in that order) égalité, liberté, sûreté and propriété (equality, liberty, safety, property — though it was used not as a motto, but as articles of declaration), as the possibility of a universal extension of the Declaration of Rights: "Men of all countries are brothers, he who oppresses one nation declares himself the enemy of all."[2][a] Finally, it did not figure in the August 1793 Declaration.[2]
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789 defined liberty in Article 4 as follows:
Liberty consists of being able to do anything that does not harm others: thus, the exercise of the natural rights of every man or woman has no bounds other than those that guarantee other members of society the enjoyment of these same rights.
Equality, on the other hand, was defined by the 1789 Declaration in terms of judicial equality and merit-based entry to government (art. 6):
[The law] "must be the same for all, whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in its eyes, shall be equally eligible to all high offices, public positions and employments, according to their ability, and without other distinction than that of their virtues and talents."
Liberté, égalité, fraternité actually finds its origins in a May 1791 proposition by the Club des Cordeliers, following a speech on the Army by the marquis de Guichardin.[2] A British marine held prisoner on the French ship Le Marat in 1794 wrote home in letters published in 1796:[9]
The republican spirit is inculcated not in songs only, for in every part of the ship I find emblems purposely displayed to awaken it. All the orders relating to the discipline of the crew are hung up, and prefaced by the words Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité, ou la Mort, written in capital letters.
The compatibility of liberté and égalité was not doubted in the first days of the Revolution, and the problem of the antecedence of one term on the other not lifted.[2] Thus, the Abbé Sieyès considered that only liberty ensured equality, unless the latter was to be the equality of all dominated by a despot; while liberty followed equality ensured by the rule of law.[2] The abstract generality of law (theorized by Jean-Jacques Rousseau in The Social Contract) thus ensured the identification of liberty to equality, liberty being negatively defined as an independence from arbitrary rule, and equality considered abstractly in its judicial form.[2]
This identification of liberty and equality became problematic during the Jacobin period, when equality was redefined (for instance by François-Noël Babeuf) as equality of results, and not only judicial equality of rights.[2] Thus, Marc Antoine Baudot considered that French temperament inclined rather to equality than liberty, a theme which would be re-used by Pierre Louis Roederer and Alexis de Tocqueville, while Jacques Necker considered that an equal society could only be found on coercion.[2]
The third term, fraternité, was the most problematic to insert in the triad, as it belonged to another sphere, that of moral obligations rather than rights, links rather than statutes, harmony rather than contract, and community rather than individuality.[2] Various interpretations of fraternité existed. The first one, according to Mona Ozouf, was one of "fraternité de rébellion" (Fraternity of Rebellion),[2] that is the union of the deputies in the Jeu de Paume Oath of June 1789, refusing the dissolution ordered by the King Louis XVI: "We swear never to separate ourselves from the National Assembly, and to reassemble wherever circumstances require, until the constitution of the realm is drawn up and fixed upon solid foundations." Fraternity was thus issued from Liberty and oriented by a common cause.[2]
Another form of fraternité was that of the patriotic Church, which identified social link with religious link and based fraternity on Christian brotherhood.[2] In this second sense, fraternité preceded both liberté and égalité, instead of following them as in the first sense.[2][page needed] Thus, two senses of Fraternity: "one, that followed liberty and equality, was the object of a free pact; the other preceded liberty and equality as the mark on its work of the divine craftsman."[2]
Another hesitation concerning the compatibility of the three terms arose from the opposition between liberty and equality as individualistic values, and fraternity as the realization of a happy community, devoided of any conflicts and opposed to any form of egotism.[2] This fusional interpretation of Fraternity opposed it to the project of individual autonomy and manifested the precedence of Fraternity on individual will.[2]
In this sense, it was sometimes associated with death, as in Fraternité, ou la Mort! (Fraternity or Death!), excluding liberty and even equality, by establishing a strong dichotomy between those who were brothers and those who were not (in the sense of "you are with me or against me", brother or foe).[2][page needed] Louis de Saint-Just thus stigmatized Anarchasis Cloots' cosmopolitanism, declaring "Cloots liked the universe, except France."[2]
With Thermidor and the execution of Robespierre, fraternité disappeared from the slogan, reduced to the two terms of liberty and equality, re-defined again as simple judicial equality and not as the equality upheld by the sentiment of fraternity.[2] The First Consul (Napoleon Bonaparte) then established the motto liberté, ordre public (liberty, public order).
19th century[edit]
Following Napoleon's rule, the triptych dissolved itself, as none believed possible to conciliate individual liberty and equality of rights with equality of results and fraternity.[2] The idea of individual sovereignty and of natural rights possessed by man before being united in the collectivity contradicted the possibility of establishing a transparent and fraternal community.[2] Liberals accepted liberty and equality, defining the latter as equality of rights and ignoring fraternity.[2]
Early Socialists rejected an independent conception of liberty, opposed to the social, and also despised equality, as they considered, as Fourier, that one had only to orchestrate individual discordances, to harmonize them, or they believed, as Saint-Simon, that equality contradicted equity by a brutal levelling of individualities.[2] Utopian Socialism thus only cared about Fraternity, which was, in Cabet's Icarie the sole commandment.[2]
This opposition between liberals and socialists was mirrored in rival historical interpretations of the Revolution, liberals admiring 1789, and Socialists 1793.[2] The July Revolution of 1830, establishing a constitutional monarchy headed by Louis-Philippe, substituted ordre et liberté (order and liberty) to the Napoleonic motto Liberté, Ordre public.[2] Despite this apparent disappearance of the triptych, the latter was still being thought in some underground circles, in Republican secret societies, masonic lodges such as the "Indivisible Trinity," far-left booklets or during the Canuts Revolt in Lyon.[2] In 1834, the lawyer of the Society of the Rights of Man (Société des droits de l'homme), Dupont, a liberal sitting in the far-left during the July Monarchy, associated the three terms together in the Revue Républicaine which he edited:
Any man aspires to liberty, to equality, but he can not achieve it without the assistance of other men, without fraternity[2][b]
The triptych resurfaced during the 1847 Campagne des Banquets, upheld for example in Lille by Ledru-Rollin.[2]
Two interpretations had attempted to conciliate the three terms, beyond the antagonism between liberals and socialists. One was upheld by Catholic traditionalists, such as Chateaubriand or Ballanche, the other by socialist and republicans such as Pierre Leroux.[2] Chateaubriand thus gave a Christian interpretation of the revolutionary motto, stating in the 1841 conclusion to his Mémoires d'outre-tombe:
Far from being at its term, the religion of the Liberator is now only just entering its third phase, the political period, liberty, equality, fraternity[2][c]
Neither Chateaubriand nor Ballanche considered the three terms to be antagonistic. Rather, they took them for being the achievement of Christianity. On the other hand, Pierre Leroux did not disguise the difficulties of associating the three terms, but superated it by considering liberty as the aim, equality as the principle and fraternity as the means.[2] Leroux thus ordered the motto as Liberty, Fraternity, Equality,[2] an order also supported by Christian socialists, such as Buchez.[2]
Against this new order of the triptych, Michelet supported the traditional order, maintaining the primordial importance of an original individualistic right.[2] Michelet attempted to conciliate a rational communication with a fraternal communication, "right beyond right",[2][page needed] and thus the rival traditions of Socialism and Liberalism.[2] The Republican tradition would strongly inspire itself from Michelet's synchretism.[2]
1848 Revolution[edit]
Liberté, égalité, fraternité on French coins
5-franc piece, 1849
20-franc piece, 1851
With the 1848 February Revolution, the motto was officially adopted,[10] mainly under the pressure of the people who had attempted to impose the red flag over the tricolor flag (the 1791 red flag was, however, the symbol of martial law and of order, not of insurrection).[2] Lamartine opposed popular aspirations, and in exchange of the maintaining of the tricolor flag, conceded the Republican motto of Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité, written on the flag, on which a red rosette was also to be added.[2]
Fraternity was then considered to resume and to contain both Liberty and Equality, being a form of civil religion (which, far from opposing itself to Christianity, was associated with it in 1848[2][page needed]) establishing social link (as called for by Rousseau in the conclusion of the Social Contract).[2]
However, Fraternity was not devoid of its previous sense of opposition between brothers and foes, images of blood haunting revolutionary Christian publications, taking in Lamennais' themes.[2] Thus, the newspaper Le Christ républicain (The Republican Christ) developed the idea of the Christ bringing forth peace to the poor and war to the rich.[2][11]
As soon as 6 January 1852, the future Napoleon III, first President of the Republic, ordered all prefects to erase the triptych from all official documents and buildings, conflated with insurrection and disorder.[2] Auguste Comte applauded Napoleon, claiming equality to be the "symbol of metaphysical anarchism", and preferring to it his diptych "ordre et progrès" ("order and progress", which would then become the motto of Brazil, Ordem e Progresso).[12] On the other hand, Proudhon criticized fraternity as an empty word, which he associated with idealistic dreams of Romanticism.[2] He preferred to it the sole term of liberty.
Paris Commune and Third Republic[edit]
Pache, mayor of the Paris Commune, painted the formula "Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité, ou la mort" on the walls of the commune. It was only under the Third Republic that the motto was made official. It was then not dissociated with insurrection and revolutionary ardours, Opportunist Republicans such as Jules Ferry or Gambetta adapting it to the new political conditions.[2][page needed] Larousse's Dictionnaire universel deprived fraternity of its "evangelistic halo" (Mona Ozouf), conflating it with solidarity and the welfare role of the state.[2]
Some still opposed the Republican motto, such as the nationalist Charles Maurras in his Dictionnaire politique et critique, who claimed liberty to be an empty dream, equality an insanity, and only kept fraternity.[2] Charles Péguy, renewing with Lamennais' thought, kept fraternity and liberty, excluding equality, seen as an abstract repartition between individuals reduced to homogeneity,[2] opposing "fraternity" as a sentiment put in motion by "misery", while equality only interested itself, according to him, to the mathematical solution of the problem of "poverty."[2]
Péguy identified Christian charity and socialist solidarity in this conception of fraternity.[2] On the other hand, Georges Vacher de Lapouge, the most important French author of pseudo-scientific racism and supporter of eugenism, completely rejected the Republican triptych, adopting another motto, "déterminisme, inégalité, sélection" (determinism, inequality, selection). But, according to Ozouf, the sole use of a triptych was the sign of the influence of the Republican motto, despite it being corrupted in its opposite.[2]
20th century[edit]
During the German occupation of France in World War II, this motto was replaced by the reactionary phrase "travail, famille, patrie" (work, family, fatherland)[13] by Marshal Pétain, who became the leader of the new Vichy French government in 1940. Pétain had taken this motto from the colonel de la Rocque's Parti social français (PSF), although the latter considered it more appropriate for a movement than for a regime.[2]
Following the Liberation, the Provisional Government of the French Republic (GPRF) re-established the Republican motto Liberté, égalité, fraternité, which is incorporated into both the 1946 and the 1958 French constitutions.[1]
Other nations[edit]
Many other nations have adopted the French slogan of "liberty, equality, and fraternity" as an ideal. These words appear in the preamble to the Constitution of India, enforced in 1950. Since its founding, "Liberty, Equality and Brotherhood" has been the lemma of the Social Democratic Party of Denmark. In the United Kingdom the political party the Liberal Democrats refer to "the fundamental values of liberty, equality and community" in the preamble of the party's Federal Constitution, and this is printed on party membership cards.[14]
The Philippine national flag has a rectangular design that consists of a white equilateral triangle, symbolizing liberty, equality, and fraternity; a horizontal blue stripe for peace, truth, and justice; and a horizontal red stripe for patriotism and valor . In the center of the white triangle is an eight- rayed golden sun symbolizing unity, freedom, people's democracy, and sovereignty.
The idea of the slogan "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" has also given an influence as natural law to the First Article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.[15]
Culture[edit]
Tympanum of a state-owned church
At one point the motto was used to mark churches which were controlled by the state, rather than the Catholic Church.
Some former colonies of the French Republic (such as Haiti, Chad, Niger, and Gabon) have adopted similar three-word mottos.
The terms are also referred to in the film trilogy Three Colors by Krzysztof Kieślowski.
See also[edit]
Give me liberty or give me death
Life, liberty, and property
Brotherhood and unity
Travail, Famille, Patrie- the national motto of Vichy France
Salazar's Estado Novo's motto Deus, Pátria e Familia (meaning "God, Fatherland, and Family")
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ French: "Les hommes de tous les pays sont frères, celui qui opprime une seule nation se déclare l'ennemi de toutes."
Jump up ^ French: "Tout homme aspire à la liberté, à l'égalité, mais on ne peut y atteindre sans le secours des autres hommes, sans la fraternité."
Jump up ^ French: "Loin d'être à son terme, la religion du Libérateur entre à peine dans sa troisième période, la période politique, liberté, égalité, fraternité."
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Liberty, Égalité, Fraternité". Embassy of France in the US. Retrieved 2014-09-18.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi Ozouf, Mona (1997), "Liberté, égalité, fraternité stands for peace country and war", in Nora, Pierre, Lieux de Mémoire [Places of memory] (in French), tome III, Quarto Gallimard, pp. 4353–89 (abridged translation, Realms of Memory, Columbia University Press, 1996–98).
Jump up ^ Robespierre, Maximilien (1950). OEUVRES DE MAXIMILIEN ROBESPIERRE. Tome VI. PRESSES UNIVERSITAIRES DE FRANCE. p. 643. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
Jump up ^ From Robespierre's speech to the National Assembly on 5 December 1790. Cited in Triomphe et mort du droit naturel en Révolution, 1789-1795-1802, Florence Gauthier, éd. PUF/ pratiques théoriques, 1992, p. 129
Jump up ^ Latham, Edward (1906). Famous Sayings and Their Authors. London: Swan Sonnenschein. p. 147. OCLC 4697187.
Jump up ^ de Barante, Amable Guillaume P. Brugière (1851). Histoire de la Convention nationale [History of the National convention] (in French). Langlois & Leclercq. p. 322. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Thacher, John Boyd (1905). Outlines of the French revolution told in autographs. Weed-Parsons Printing Co. p. 8. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
Jump up ^ Ellis; Esler, "The Modern Era", World History (textbook) .
Jump up ^ Tench, Watkin (1796), Letters Written in France: To a Friend in London, Between the Month of November 1794, and the Month of May 1795, London: J Johnson, p. 15 .
Jump up ^ "The symbols of the Republic and Bastille Day". French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 2006-04-20.
Jump up ^ Le Christ républicain n°7, quoted by Mona Ozouf: "Nous, pauvres prolétaires, nous sommes rouges, parce que le Christ a versé son sang pour nous racheter, son sang par lequel nous voulons nous régénérer. Nous sommes rouges, parce que l'ange exterminateur a marqué le haut de nos portes avec le sang de l'agneau, pour distinguer, au jour de la vengeance, les élus d'avec les réprouvés.
Jump up ^ "Bandeiras e significados" [Flags & meanings], História net (in Portuguese), retrieved 2010-10-09 .
Jump up ^ "Vichy Government". World History. DE: KMLA. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
Jump up ^ "Federal Constitution". UK: Liberal Democrats. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
Jump up ^ "Article 1", The Universal Declaration of Human Rights .
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liberté, égalité, fraternité.
Slogan of the French Republic – Official French website (in English)
La fraternité comme unité et cohésion de la société)
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text:
That's So Raven (soundtrack)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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That's So Raven
Soundtrack album by Various artists
Released
May 18, 2004
Genre
Pop, R&B
Length
48:53
Label
Walt Disney
Producer
Matthew Gerrard, Christopher B. Pearman, Ray Cham, Cutfather, Def Jef, Des'ree, Andy Dodd, Lukasz "Doctor Luke" Gottwald, Mattias Gustafsson, Mark Hammond, Ashley Ingram, Dave Katz, Arif Mardin, Harvey Mason Jr., David Paich, Marty Paich, Mike Simpson, Damon Thomas, Adam Watts, Jay Landers (exec.), Elliot Lurie (exec.)[1]
That's So Raven soundtracks chronology
That's So Raven
(2004) That's So Raven Too!
(2006)That's So Raven Too!2006
Singles from That's So Raven
"That's So Raven (Theme Song)"
Released: 2004
"Supernatural"
Released: 2004
"Shine"
Released: 2004
That's So Raven is the soundtrack album to the Disney Channel original series of the same name. The album includes songs sung by the show's star, Raven-Symoné and its theme song. The album debuted and peaked at #44 on the Billboard 200 and has been certified Gold[2] by the RIAA for sales of 500,000 copies.
Contents
[hide]
1 Critical reception
2 Track listing
3 Charts
4 Disney Karaoke Series
4.1 Track listing
5 References
Critical reception[edit]
Professional ratings
Review scores
Source
Rating
Allmusic [3]
ParentCenter (mixed)[4]
A mixed review by the ParentCenter Family Entertainment Guide called the album both "fun" and "predictable".[4]
Track listing[edit]
"Supernatural" - Raven-Symoné (Matthew Gerrard, Michelle Lewis) – 02:58
"Shine" - Raven-Symoné (Ray Cham, Charlene Licera) – 03:07
"Beautiful Soul" - Jesse McCartney (Andy Dodd, Adam Watts) – 03:55
"Got to Be Real" - Cheryl Lynn (David Foster, Cheryl Lynn, David Paich) – 03:49
"(There's Gotta Be) More to Life" - Stacie Orrico (Sabelle Breer, Kevin Kadish, Harvey Mason Jr., Damon Thomas, Lucy Woodward) – 03:22
"We Are Family" - Jump5 (Bernard Edwards, Nile Rodgers) – 03:40
"Superstar" -Jamelia (Joe Belmaati, Michael Hansen, Marchell Remeeus) – 03:35
"Ultimate" - Lindsay Lohan (Jeffrey Coplan, Robert Ellis Orrall) – 03:07
"You Gotta Be" - Des'ree (Ashley Ingram, Des'ree) – 04:06
"I'm Every Woman" - Chaka Khan (Nickolas Ashford, Valerie Simpson) – 04:08
"Where You Belong" - Huckapoo (Dana Calitri, Mattias Gustafsson, Nina Ossoff) – 03:23
"Jungle Boogie" - Kool & the Gang (Ronald Bell, Kool & the Gang) – 03:05
"Future Is Clear" - Jeannie Ortega (Jimmy Harry, Elliot Lurie) – 03:00
"That's So Raven! (Theme Song)" - Raven-Symoné, Anneliese van der Pol and Orlando Brown (John Coda) – 00:51
"Supernatural (Crystal Ball Mix)" - Raven-Symoné (Matthew Gerrard, Michelle Lewis) – 05:22
Charts[edit]
Chart
Peak
position
Canadian Albums Chart[5] 18
U.S. Billboard 200[6] 44
U.S. Billboard Top Kid Audio[6] 1
U.S. Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums[6] 54
U.S. Billboard Top Soundtracks[6] 2
Disney Karaoke Series[edit]
Disney Karaoke Series: That's So Raven
Compilation album (Karaoke) by Various artists
Released
March 1, 2005 (U.S.)
Genre
Pop
Label
Walt Disney
Producer
Ted Kryczko (executor), Steven Morrell (associate producer)[7]
The Disney Karaoke Series: That's So Raven is a karaoke album featuring songs from the Disney series That's So Raven.
Track listing[edit]
"Supernatural"
"Shine"
"We Are Family"
"Ultimate"
"(There's Gotta Be) More to Life"
"Jungle Boogie"
"You Gotta Be"
"That's So Raven (Theme Song)"
"Supernatural"
"Shine" (vocal)
"We Are Family" (vocal)
"Ultimate" (vocal)
"(There's Gotta Be) More to Life" (vocal)
"Jungle Boogie" (vocal)
"You Gotta Be" (vocal)
"That's So Raven (Theme Song)" (vocal)
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Allmusic: Credits
Jump up ^ RIAA – Gold & Platinum (That's So Raven) RIAA. April 8, 2005
Jump up ^ Allmusic
^ Jump up to: a b [1]
Jump up ^ Canadian Albums Chart
^ Jump up to: a b c d That's So Raven charts Billboard
Jump up ^ [2]
[show]
v
t
e
That's So Raven
Episodes
Season 1
2
3
4
"That's So Suite Life of Hannah Montana"
Soundtracks
That's So Raven
That's So Raven Too!
Video games
That's So Raven: Psychic on the Scene
Spin-offs
Cory in the House
Raven's Home
Indian Adaptation
Palak Pe Jhalak
[show]
v
t
e
Raven-Symoné
Discography
Filmography
Awards and nominations
Songs
Studio albums
Here's to New Dreams
Undeniable
This Is My Time
Raven-Symoné
Compilation albums
From Then Until
Soundtrack albums
The Cheetah Girls
That's So Raven
That's So Raven Too!
The Cheetah Girls 2
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Thick Girls, Big Girls
Concerts and tours
This Is My Time Tour
Raven-Symoné: Live in Concert Tour
Related organizations
MCA Records
Hollywood Records
Disney Channel Circle of Stars
Related topics
The Cheetah Girls
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=That%27s_So_Raven_(soundtrack)&oldid=800787959"
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Antrum
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In biology, antrum is a general term for a cavity or chamber, which may have specific meaning in reference to certain organs or sites in the body.
In vertebrates, it may refer specifically to:
Antrum cardiacum, a dilation that occurs in the esophagus near the stomach (forestomach)
Antrum follicularum, the cavity in the epithelium that envelops the oocyte
Mastoid antrum, a cavity between the middle ear and temporal bone in the skull
Pyloric antrum, the initial portion of the pyloric part of the stomach. This is what is usually referred to as "antrum" in stomach-related topics.
Maxillary antrum or antrum of Highmore, the maxillary sinus, a cavity in the maxilla and the largest of the paranasal sinuses
In invertebrates, it may refer specifically to:
Antrum of female lepidoptera genitalia
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Antrum&oldid=605828072"
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