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Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?
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Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?
Genre
Drama
Romantic Comedy
Written by
Aakash Pandey
Ved Raj
Sudhir Kumar
Gautam Hegde
Janaki VV
Barry Dhillon
Hitesh Kewalya
Ritesh Shah
Jainesh Ejardar
Shilpa D'Mello
Shweta Bhardwaj
Directed by
Nissar Parvez
Maan Singh
Arshad Khan
Lalit Mohan
Creative director(s)
Madhura Rapsang
Megha S. Kumar
Shivangi V Chauhan Babbar
Richa Singh Gautam
Starring
Barun Sobti
Sanaya Irani
Theme music composer
Raju Singh
Opening theme
"Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?" By Sadhana Sargam and Javed Ali
Country of origin
India
Original language(s)
Hindi
No. of seasons
3
No. of episodes
398
Production
Producer(s)
Gul Khan
Nissar Parvez
Rajesh Chadha
Cinematography
Hrishikesh Gandhi
Camera setup
Multi-camera
Running time
20 minutes
Production company(s)
4 Lions Films
Release
Original network
Star Plus
Picture format
720i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
Television Series
6 June 2011 (2011-06-06) – 30 November 2012 (2012-11-30)
Web Series
24 November 2015 (2015-11-24) – 15 December 2015 (2015-12-15)
External links
Website
Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? (English: What Name Shall I Give This Love? ) is an Indian daily soap opera that aired weekdays on Star Plus from 6 June 2011 to 30 November 2012.[1] The show starred Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani. The show was first titled as Vaidehi but later changed its title. It replaced Rajan Shahi's Chand Chupa Badal Mein.[2] 'Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? was one of the top popular shows with high TRP ratings throughout its run in 2011-2012 and till date the series is available in multiple languages. The series is translated into Panamericana as "Duele Amar" and it began airing from 19 March 2018 onwards. Currently Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon is rerunning on Star Utsav as Rabba Ve and Telugu version on Star Maa. IPKKND will be rerunning in Thai language as แผนรักลวงใจ from 27 June 2018 onwards on Thai channel 8 and broadcast on Hnow tv, a Pakistani channel from 3rd July 2018.[3].
The series inspired several multilingual reruns including, but not limited to, adaptations in English and Urdu as Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon, Tamil as Idhu Kadhala, Telugu as Chuppulu Kalisina Shubhavela, remakes in Bengali as Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series), and Kannada as Arangini, Kazakh as Kak Nazvat Bul Lyubov?, Arabic as Men Nazra Thanya, Vietnamese as Mối Tình Kì Lạ, French as La Promesse, Malayalam as Mounam Sammatham, Turkish as Bir Garip Ask, Indonesian as Khushi", Bulgarian as Diema Family, Georgian as Mojadoebulebi Lithuanian as Neklausk Meiles Vardo, Russian as How Do I Call This Love, and Armenian as Inchpes Kochel Ays Sere and aired in Jamaica as Unforeseen Love and Namibia as Strange Love.
A sequel series titled Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?...Ek Baar Phir (English: "What Shall This Love Be Named?: Once Again") premiered on 26 August 2013 and starred Avinash Sachdev and Shrenu Parikh.[4][5][6][7][8]
On 24 November 2015, Hotstar launched a finite titled Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon - Ek Jashn web series of eight extended episodes to extend the Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? story line. Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani reprised their respective roles as Arnav and Khushi which was again a hit and broke the records of hotstar.[9][10] Ek Jashn gives a proper closure on Arnav and Khushi's married life after 3 years as the show was ended abruptly with Barun's exit in 2012.
A third season of the show Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3, starred Barun Sobti and Shivani Tomar,[11][12] aired from 3 July 2017 to 6 October 2017, completing 70 episodes on Star Plus.
Contents
1 Plot
1.1 Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon - Ek Jashn
2 Cast
2.1 Main
2.2 Recurring
2.3 Guest appearances
3 Production
4 Release
4.1 Broadcast
4.2 Remakes and further distribution
5 Reception
5.1 Controversy after Sobti's exit
5.2 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links
Plot[edit]
The story follows the lives of Khushi Kumari Gupta, middle-class girl from Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, and Arnav Singh Raizada, a wealthy business tycoon rendered cold and ruthless after losing his mother and father to suicide. They first meet at a botched fashion show of the latter's, where he mistakenly thinks Khushi as having been sent to sabotage his event. Inclined to ruin her reputation, he creates rumors of a false affair brewing between them, putting the Guptas (Khushi's adoptive family) in a situation where they are left with no choice but to move away to Delhi to live with the girl's aunt, Bua ji.
After a series of misunderstandings, Khushi finds herself hired by Arnav's sister Anjali as an ethics instructor for his then live-in girlfriend, Lavanya Kashyap. In the process, and much to his chagrin, Khushi bravely challenges Arnav's stubborn ideologies on god, love, death and marriage.
With much of her time being spent in proximity with the Raizada family, hatred soon begins to turn into attraction between the two. Trying to ignore their feelings for one another, Arnav announces his engagement to Lavanya and Khushi's family gets her engaged to a paying guest living with them. It turns out that the paying guest is actually Shyam Jha, Arnav's brother-in-law, who is already married and has been lying to Khushi and her family.
Khushi is asked to organize Lavanya & Arnav's engagement party. A series of events lead Lavanya to realise that Arnav is in love with Khushi & she breaks off her engagement. Khushi's sister, Payal, gets engaged to Arnav's brother, Akash. The Guptas soon learn that Shyam is the son-in-law of the Raizada family & kick him out of their house. They keep this from the Raizadas as they don't want Payal's wedding to stop. Shyam's true intentions are revealed as he repeatedly tries to kill his wife Anjali so he can be with Khushi. Khushi makes friends with NK (short for Nanda Kishore), Arnav's cousin brother from Australia. Khushi and Arnav keep challenging each other during the rituals of the marriage. The both of them slowly start realising their feelings for each other. Nani, and Arnav's sister, Anjali, see that something is going on in between them and try to play matchmaker for Khushi & Arnav.
When finally Arnav realizes his feelings, a misconception leads Arnav to believe that Shyam & Khushi have been having an affair and Khushi is the one trapping Shyam. At Akash & Payal's wedding, Arnav blackmails Khushi to marry him for six months to make Shyam think that she moved on and keep him from divorcing his sister. At the end of the wedding celebration, both their families find out that they got married without their consent & Khushi's family disowns her.
Khushi has a terrible start to her married life: everyone is angry with her & Arnav tells her to sleep outside the room. She is later forgiven at the Holi festival by the family and Arnav all but confesses his feelings under influence of bhang to an unconscious Khushi. He has also started feeling that she wasn't really involved with Shyam and there's more he doesn't know. Shyam is furious and arranges Arnav's abduction but Khushi rescues him. After coming home they reveal Shyam's true face but Anjali refuses to believe them. Shyam is thrown out of the house but Anjali continues meeting him secretly.
Arnav's paternal grandmother enters the scene. She is instantly disapproving of Khushi. Arnav is totally in love with Khushi and wants to take their relationship to the next level. The family discovers that no rituals were performed when Arnav and Khushi eloped and they refuse to recognise them as married. Khushi returns to her parents' home and their wedding preparations begin. It is revealed that Arnav's father committed suicide because his affair with Khushi's adoptive mother was discovered by his wife. Arnav's grandmother tries to convince him to break off his relationship with Khushi but Arnav anyway marries her forgetting his past and moving on. Arnav and Khushi start making plans to make Anjali realise that Shyam was the one who initiated her miscarriage. They find proof on his computer and enact a play to bring out the reality. After know the truth, Anjali slaps Shyam and the police arrest him and take him away.
Then a boy named Aarav enters the Raizadas' home followed by Arnav's old friend Sheetal. Khushi observes similarities between him and Arnav, and Sheetal tells her he is Arnav's son. After a series of events, Arnav and Khushi find that Aarav was an orphan being used by Sheetal to get Arnav and his property. The couple happily adopt Aarav as their son.
After a few days leap, Khushi expresses her wish to be independently successful and decides to participate in the Mrs. India beauty pageant. She ends up winning the competition despite several odds and the family is shown happily together.
Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon - Ek Jashn[edit]
This is a web series that was created by Hotstar, and is a sequel to the original story. It is set 3 years after the events of IPKKND, and shows how every character from the original show is in the future. The show ends with an anniversary party hosted by Arnav to show his love for Khushi.
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Barun Sobti as Arnav Singh Raizada, Khushi's husband, Anjali's brother (2011–12 and 2015)[13]
Sanaya Irani as Khushi Kumari Gupta / Khushi Arnav Singh Raizada, Arnav's wife, Payal's younger sister (2011–12 and 2015)[14]
Vishesh Bansal as Aarav Arnav Singh Raizada, Arnav & Khushi's adopted son (2012)
Dalljiet Kaur as Anjali Singh Raizada / Anjali Shyam Jha, Arnav's sister, Shyam's ex-wife (2011–12 and 2015)[15]
Abhaas Mehta as Shyam Jha, Anjali's ex-husband (2011–12)[16]
Akshay Dogra as Akash Singh Raizada, Manorama & Manohar's son, Arnav & Anjali's cousin, Payal's husband (2011–12 and 2015)[17]
Deepali Pansare as Payal Kumari Gupta / Payal Akash Singh Raizada, Khushi's elder sister, Akash's wife (2011–12)[18]
Recurring[edit]
Jayshree T. as Devyani Singh Raizada, Arnav & Anjali's Nani, Akash's Dadi, Manohar's Mother (2011–12)
Sanjay Batra as Shashi Gupta, Khushi & Payal's father, Garima's husband (2011–12)
Tuhinaa Vohra/Pyumori Mehta as Garima Shashi Gupta, Khushi & Payal's mother, Shashi's wife (2011–12)
Abha Parmar as Madhumati Gupta, Khushi & Payal's Bua, Shashi's sister (2011–12)
Utkarsha Naik as Manorama Manohar Singh Raizada, Akash's mother, Arnav & Anjali's Mami, Manohar's wife (2011–12 and 2015)[19]
Rajesh Jais as Manohar Singh Raizada, Akash's father, Arnav & Anjali's Mama, Manorama's husband (2011–12)
Karan Goddwani as Nand Kishore (NK), Arnav, Anjali & Akash's cousin (2011–12)[20]
Madhura Naik as Sheetal Kapoor, Arnav's ex-girlfriend and Aarav's fake mother (2012)[21]
Sana Makbul as Lavanya Kashyap, Arnav's ex-girlfriend (2011)
Roshni Rastogi as Khushi's friend (2011)
Swati Chitnis as Subhadra Devi Singh Raizada, Arnav & Anjali's Dadi (2012)[22]
Dhriti Bhatia as Bubbly (2012)
Dinesh Nag as Hari Prasad (H.P) (2012)
Guest appearances[edit]
Hanif Hilal as Guest (Dance performance to "Character Dheela" for Anjali-Shyam's anniversary) (2011)
Nicole Alvares as Guest (Dance performance to "Character Dheela" for Anjali-Shyam's anniversary) (2011)
Production[edit]
The show has been produced and directed by Gul Khan under the banner of 4 Lions Films. Barun Sobti was cast as Arnav Singh Raizada after the original choice, Karan Singh Grover, opted out of the role to focus on his film career; and Sanaya Irani replaced Shraddha Arya who had originally been cast as the female lead.[23][24] Daljeet Kaur Bhanot, Deepali Pansare & Akshay Dogra got finalised to play supporting roles to the main leads. Other supporting cast include Jayshree T., Tuhina Vohra, Abha Parmar, Utkarsha Naik, Sanjay Batra and many other actors. Abhaas Mehta and Sana Makbul entered the show as antagonists of the show. Sana later quit the show in December 2011.[25]
Release[edit]
Broadcast[edit]
The series premiered on 6 June 2011 on Star Plus airing a 20-minute episode Mondays to Fridays. After completing approximately 398 episodes, the series went off air on 30 November 2012. The series was part of the channels worldwide broadcast and aired in more than 50 countries under the transmission of Star India.It has been dubbed and adapted into multiple languages.
Remakes and further distribution[edit]
The series inspired several international remakes, which include Bojhena Se Bojhena (TV series in Bengali and as Arangini in Kannada on Suvarna channel. The series were rerunned including, but not limited to in English and Urdu as Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon in Pakistan on Urdu 1 and another free to air channel, Tamil as Idhu Kadhala on Star Vijay, Telugu as Chuppulu Kalisina Shubhavela on Star Maa, Malayalam as Mounam Sammatham on Asianet, Kazakh as Kak Nazvat Bul Lyubov?, Arabic as '"Men Nazra Thanya,[26],Vietnamese as Mối Tình Kì Lạon HTV3,[27], French as La Promesse on Reunion 1ere. [28]. Turkish as Bir Garip Ask,[29],Indonesian as Khushi on Indosiar, Bulgarian as Diema Family, Georgian as Mojadoebulebi, Lithuanian as Neklausk Meiles Vardo, Russian as How Do I Call This Love, and Armenian as Inchpes Kochel Ays Sere, aired in Jamaica as Unforeseen Love on one of the two free-to-air channels in the country which is CVM Television and airs in Namibia into NBC3 as Strange Love.[30].[31]. On 19 March 2018, the series dubbed in Spanish as Duele Amar and telecasted on Panamericana Televisión. IPKKND will be rerunning in Thai as Phaen Rak Lwng Ci on Thai channel 8 from 27 June 2018.
In 2013, there was a spin-off Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon?...Ek Baar Phir (English: What Do I Call This Love?... Once Again) with a brand new plot, starring Avinash Sachdev (Shlok Agnihotri) and Shrenu Parikh (Aastha Shlok Agnihotri).[32]
In 2015, Hotstar launched Season 12 as a finite web series of eight episodes titled Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? - Ek Jashn with the original cast and the characters. The story revolves around Arnav and Khushi's married life after three years.[33]
Reception[edit]
Fans of the series started referring to characters Arnav and Khushi by the portmanteau "ArShi".[34] The character of Arnav Singh Raizada was very popular and gave a huge fan following to Barun Sobti such that when Sobti announced his break from the show due to health problems, his fans made it sure that the show was shut down on a happy note rather than any replacement.[35] The onscreen chemistry between Sobti and Sanaya Irani resulted in several awards for best on-screen couple.[36] The show also had very high TRPS.[37]
Controversy after Sobti's exit[edit]
In September 2012, show's lead actor Barun Sobti had made news after he decided to quit the show.[38] Due to this, fans of the show had said that they will not watch the show after his exit. This lead on to the channel and makers to decide to shut down the show. It aired it's last on 30 November 2012.
Awards and nominations[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
2012 Star Parivaar Awards Favorite Naya Sadasya(Male) Barun Sobti Won[39]
Favourite Jodi Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani
Favourite International Jod Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani
Favourite Mazedar Sadasya Utkarsha Naik
Favourite Dushman Abhaas Mehta
Most Stylish Sadasya (Male) Barun Sobti
Favourite Naya Sadasya (Female) Sanaya Irani Nominated[40]
Favourite Behen Daljeet Kaur Bhanot
Favourite Pita Sanjay Batra
Favourite Beti Sanaya Irani
Zee Gold Awards Face of The Year Sanaya Irani Won
Best Actress – Popular Sanaya Irani Nominated
The Global Indian Film and TV Honours Best Actor (Popular) Barun Sobti Won[41]
Best Jodi Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani Nominated[41]
Indian Television Academy Awards Best Actor Popular Barun Sobti Won[42]
Best Actress Popular Sanaya Irani Nominated[43]
Indian Telly Awards Best Actor In Negative Role Abhaas Mehta Nominated[44]
TV Personality Of The Year Barun Sobti
Best On-Screen Couple Barun Sobti & Sanaya Irani Won[44]
People's Choice Awards India Favorite TV Drama Actor Barun Sobti Won[45]
Favorite Most Good Looking On-Screen Jodi Barun Sobti and Sanaya Irani
2013 Indian Telly Awards Best Actress in a Leading Role Sanaya Irani Nominated
Best Actor in a Negative Role Abhaas Mehta
Best Actress in a Comic Role Utkarsha Naik
Best Actress in a Comic Role (jury) Utkarsha Naik
2016 Garv Television Awards GARV Scroll Honours 4 Lions Films Won[46]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Confirmed: 'IPKKND' to end on Star Plus this week". 26 November 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Star Plus to axe 'Chand Chupa Badal Mein'". 2 April 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Channel 8 is set to deliver the new Indian series. "Iss Pyar Ko Kya Naam Doon"". RYT9. 11 June 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
Jump up ^ Reenu Dabas (13 August 2013). "Second season of Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon". Daily Bhaskar. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Had no idea it was a sequel: Avinash on `Iss Pyaar Ko... 2`". Zee News. 22 August 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Just another love Story". The Indian Express. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Neha Maheshwri (12 August 2012). "Avinash & Shrenu in season 2". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Iss Pyaar...Ek Bar Phir' a love-hate story: Shrenu Parikh". Indian Express. IANS. 26 August 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Popular TV actors making a comeback". The Times of India. BCCL. 15 June 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Vipra Shrivastava (3 February 2016). "Sanaya Irani and Barun Sobti back in IPKKND". India Today. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barun Sobti back on TV with Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon, says not interested in daily soaps only finite series". The Times of India. 14 June 2017. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Anvita Singh (6 June 2017). "Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon 3's Shivani Tomar opens up about her character Chandni; says damsels in distress good for ratings". India Today. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barun Sobti 'delighted' over his TV show being aired in Turkey". The Indian Express. Mumbai. IANS. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Swasti Chatterjee (28 July 2012). "I respect other people's time: Sanaya Irani". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Neha Maheshwri (10 February 2015). "Daljeet Bhanot back to work after separating from husband". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Ano Patel (16 February 2012). "Hate mails no longer bother me: Abhaas Mehta". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Parmita Uniyal (3 March 2016). "Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? actor Akshay Dogra becomes father to a baby boy". India Today. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Tejashree Bhopatkar (7 September 2012). "Deepali Pansare quits Iss Pyaar Ko". The Times of India. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Chaya Unnikrishnan (24 September 2013). "Utkarsha Naik is back with 'Bani'". DNA. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Shruti Jambhekar (12 July 2012). "It was frustrating to play a character role: Karan Goddwani". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Vijaya Tiwari (16 October 2012). "I am happy to work with Barun again: Madhura Naik". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "My role in 'Iss Pyaar Ko.. is a challenging one to play: Swati Chitnis". The Times of India. TNN. 9 August 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Somashukla Sinha Walunjkar (15 April 2012). "Replacement stars rewrite TRPs". Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Karan Singh Grover-Shraddha Arya were approached for Arnav Khushi". Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon's Lavanya 'Sana Makbul' quits". The Times of India. 21 December 2011. Archived from the original on 2 February 2012. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
Jump up ^ Ujala Ali Khan (24 August 2015). "Hit Indian soap opera Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon gets Arabic translation". The National. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Cô dâu 8 tuổi và phim ngoại ồ ạt lên truyền hình Việt". Tuổi Trẻ Online (in Vietnamese). 7 January 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "La Promesse - réunion 1ère" [The Promise - 1st meeting] (in French). Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Star India gives Turkey its first ever Indian Drama Series". The Times of India. TNN. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "NBC3 – Schedule" (PDF). Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Indian Television Dot Com – Star Plus' 'Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon' travels to Namibia". Indian Television Dot Com. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Stuti Agarwal (23 August 2013). "Fans are comparing me with Barun: Avinash Sachdev – Times of India". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "'Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon' culminates on Hotstar after 8 episodes". Indian Television Dot Com. 16 December 2015. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Ano Patel (14 December 2012). "A salute to the most enduring small screen jodis". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Navya Malini (23 November 2012). "Small screen's heartthrobs who return on fans' demands". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "On-screen Jodis of TV we would like to see again". The Times of India. 10 January 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ Navya Malini (29 December 2012). "Small screen TRP rockers of 2012". The Times of India. TNN. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barun Sobti quits Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon, channel decides to end show". 21 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Star Parivaar Awards 2012: And the winners are..." CNN-News18. Mumbai. CNN. 26 March 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Star Parivaar Awards 2012". Hotstar. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 8 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "2012 Nominees – Global Honours". The Global Indian Film and Television Honours. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "IndianTelevisionAcademy.com". Archived from the original on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "The ITA Awards 2012 – Popular Top-5". Archived from the original on 29 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b ""2012 Winners"". tellyawards.indiantelevision.com. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "2012 And the winners are..." People's Choice Awards India. Archived from the original on 31 August 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "2016 – Garv Indian Television Honours". weebly.com. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
External links[edit]
Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon? Streaming on Hotstar
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Timon and Pumbaa
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For the television series with these characters, see Timon & Pumbaa (TV series).
"Pumba" redirects here. For Pune University's business management department, see University of Pune.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Timon
First appearance
The Lion King (1994)
Created by
Jonathan Roberts
Voiced by
Nathan Lane
(films, Timon & Pumbaa, The Lion King Animated Storybook, The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure (cutscenes only), Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable)
Kevin Schon
(Timon & Pumbaa, House of Mouse, The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure, The Lion Guard)
Quinton Flynn
(Timon & Pumbaa)
Bruce Lanoil
(Kingdom Hearts II, Disney Th!nk Fast, Wild about Safety shorts)
Billy Eichner
(The Lion King (2019 film))
Species
Meerkat
Pumbaa
First appearance
The Lion King (1994)
Created by
Jonathan Roberts
Voiced by
Ernie Sabella
Seth Rogen
(The Lion King (2019 film))
Species
Warthog
Timon and Pumbaa are an animated meerkat and warthog duo introduced in Disney's 1994 animated film The Lion King. Timon was portrayed through his many appearances by Nathan Lane (in all three films and early episodes of the show), Max Casella (the original actor in The Lion King Broadway musical), Kevin Schon (in certain episodes of the show), Quinton Flynn (in certain episodes of the show), Bruce Lanoil in the Wild About Safety shorts and Kingdom Hearts II, and while Pumbaa is voiced by Ernie Sabella (in all of his animated speaking appearances), and was portrayed by Tom Alan Robbins in the original cast of the Broadway musical. In the upcoming live-action remake, the characters will be portrayed by Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen respectively.[1] Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella first came to audition for the roles of the hyenas, but when the producers saw how well they worked together they decided to cast them as Timon and Pumbaa. Lyricist Tim Rice however was pulling for Rik Mayall (for Timon) and Adrian Edmondson (for Pumbaa) to play the roles, as he got the idea for the lyrics to "Hakuna Matata" by watching their show Bottom.
As with many characters in Lion King, Pumbaa's name derives from the East African language Swahili. In Swahili, pumbaa (v.) means "to be foolish, silly, weakminded, careless, negligent".[2] Timon is one of the few characters whose name has no meaning in Swahili; Timon is a historical Greek name, taken to mean "he who respects". Timon's name may also possibly derive from Shakespeare's tragedy Timon of Athens, another Shakespeare reference in a film which derives its plot from Hamlet.
Timon is a wise-cracking and self-absorbed meerkat who is known for claiming Pumbaa's ideas as his own, while Pumbaa has flatulence issues. However, Pumbaa is also a fierce warrior, charging into battle like a battering ram, and taking great offense if anyone who's not his friend calls him a pig, at which point he exclaims "They call me Mister pig!"—a reference to Sidney Poitier's line "They call me Mister Tibbs!" from the 1967 film In the Heat of the Night. Unlike real meerkats, Timon can walk on his hind legs, while in real life, meerkats walk on all four legs and can only stand on their hind ones. In the wild, banded mongoose have a special relationship with warthogs, which is portrayed in the Disney film.
Contents
[hide]
1 Appearances
1.1 The Lion King
1.2 The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
1.3 The Lion King 1½
1.4 The Lion King (2019)
1.5 The Lion King's Timon & Pumbaa
1.6 The Lion Guard
2 Other appearances
2.1 Kingdom Hearts
2.2 Walt Disney Parks and Resorts
2.3 Educational shorts
3 References
Appearances[edit]
The Lion King[edit]
Main article: The Lion King
Based on the characters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern from Hamlet, Timon and Pumbaa are played by Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella. Timon was animated and created by Michael Surrey. They made their first appearances in the 1994 film when they shooed away the vultures that swarmed around young Simba, who had collapsed from heat exhaustion. Timon and Pumbaa then took the collapsed lion cub back to a small pool, where they splashed water on him to wake him up. After Simba is awakened by the two, they introduce themselves and welcome Simba to stay with them and follow their hakuna matata philosophy. At first, Simba is confused about Timon and Pumbaa's lifestyle, but it is explained to him in the song "Hakuna Matata".
Many years later, while out on a musical walk with Timon, Pumbaa is distracted by a bug, which he follows into the jungle. The bug leads him right to a hungry lioness prowling around, who then tries to hunt down Pumbaa. She chases the warthog until Simba springs into action, and the two lions engage in conflict. When the lioness pins Simba, he recognizes her as Nala, his childhood playmate. They are happy to be together, but Timon is jealous after they leave for a night of romance. He and Pumbaa start singing the song "Can You Feel The Love Tonight?" and are joined by Simba and Nala on their night out. Still, the two help Simba defeat Scar and gain his rightful place as the king of the Pride Lands, most notably when they create a hula distraction to lure away Scar's hyenas. Pumbaa single-handedly drives off Shenzi, Banzai and Ed. They also stand on top of Pride Rock along with Simba and Nala when Rafiki presents Simba and Nala's newborn cub to the animals of the Pride Lands.
The Lion King II: Simba's Pride[edit]
Main article: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
It is unclear whether Timon and Pumbaa have taken up residence at Pride Rock, or just make frequent visits. They serve as aides to Simba, and are often called upon to keep an eye on his adventurous daughter Kiara so in a way replacing Zazu's role as babysitters. Despite being bumbling, Simba trusts them to look after Kiara, and does not blame them when Kiara runs off as Kiara is known to do just that. When Kiara goes on her first hunt, they are hired to make sure she won't get hurt. Enraged, she escapes from the Pridelands to hunt outside the boundary. Timon and Pumbaa also teach Kovu how to have fun after he forgets due to years of indoctrination in hatred. When Kovu's pride, the Outsiders, turn on Simba and ambush him, Timon is on Simba's side automatically, not even wanting to hear his argument. They later assist in the battle against Kovu's manipulative and vengeful mother Zira, and her pride of exiled lions, but get chased off and cornered by a group, until Timon threatens to use Pumbaa's tail as a gun and use his gas on them causing them to flee in fear. Despite being slightly cowardly, they are willing to fight for what is right. When Simba tries to make peace with Zira after realizing that both prides "were one", he uses the same advice Timon and Pumbaa gave him when he was a cub (put the past behind you) showing how much he had learned from his old friends.
The Lion King 1½[edit]
Main article: The Lion King 1½
Timon and Pumbaa are the main characters in this followup, and are revealed to have passed by and caused some key events in the first film before their first appearance. Timon, his mother Ma and Uncle Max were part of a group of meerkats who lived on the savannah, but he was unable to do any job properly, and almost led to the meerkat being eaten by the hyenas Shenzi, Banzai and Ed (Pumbaa was revealed to have blocked out part of the scene by sitting on the remote). Feeling depressed, he received counsel from Rafiki, who taught him the "Hakuna Matata" philosophy and told him to "look beyond what you see." Timon took this literally, and set off to find the ultimate paradise. Along the way, he first encountered Pumbaa, and the two became friends. On the way to find paradise, they passed by the presentation of Simba (it turns out that Pumbaa accidentally passed some gas and the smell made a few animals collapse, causing the other animals to think they were bowing and later they all bowed) and Mufasa was very puzzled at seeing this and his majordomo Zazu then tells him they are bowing to his son; Simba, Nala, and when the animals are singing "I Just Can't Wait To Be King" (it was Timon who hit an elephant's leg with a stick, causing the tower of animals to collapse); the elephant graveyard where Mufasa was on his way to save Simba and Nala from the hyenas ("I see carnivores"); the hyenas marching to "Be Prepared" ("something tells me this ain't the traveling company of Riverdance"); and the wildebeest stampede ("Shall we run for our lives?" "Oh yes, let's."). Finally, they reach a beautiful oasis and are enjoying life until they find a collapsed Simba. After rescuing Simba, Timon and Pumbaa find themselves with their hands full trying to keep up with the mischievous cub.
The film also shows more of Simba's life with Timon and Pumbaa before Nala came along, stating that Simba had beaten Timon in every bug-eating contest they had done with one another. Timon and Pumbaa, afraid that Nala would take away their friend, attempted to spoil Simba and Nala's date by letting out bees, a spider, and tripping the two (explaining why they fell down the hill in the first film), but all failed. Later on, they see Simba and Nala quarrelling. They also mistake the appearance of Mufasa's ghost as bad weather ("I think the storm is coming to a head"). After they realize Simba has gone back to take his rightful place as king, it is revealed that Pumbaa had set off to help Simba before Timon, who was indifferent and reluctant. Timon eventually came to his senses thanks to Rafiki's continued advice, and quickly followed, after which Rafiki says, "My work here is done." The duo provides their hula distraction (shown in the first film. This apparently was Timon's fault because before he did the dance, he asked Simba what his plan was to get past the hyenas, Simba replies "Live bait." When Timon realizes he and Pumbaa were the live bait, he sarcastically asked Simba "What do you want me to do? Dress in drag and do the hula?".[3] A few seconds later, the hyenas wake up and see Timon in a hula skirt, a flower, and a flower necklace and Pumbaa like a cooked pig), the two run into Ma and Uncle Max, who had been searching for Timon ever since he left the meerkat colony. Later on during the fight, they defeated the hyenas by digging a massive tunnel network, sending the hyenas down Pride Rock where they get to take revenge on Scar who had betrayed them. This scene explains what happened to Timon and Pumbaa while Simba is fighting Scar. After Scar is killed in the first film and this film, Timon and Pumbaa show up alive and unharmed against the hyenas that chased them, suggesting to audiences that they have either outsmarted or beat up the hyenas in the first film. At the end, Timon takes his entire meerkat colony to live in the oasis, free from threats.
Despite the appearance of Timon's mother, Ma (who was also given reference in at least one episode of Timon and Pumbaa) and his Uncle Max (believed to be his great uncle due to his age-which may be premature-and the fact that Ma also calls him 'Uncle' Max), Timon's father is never mentioned. However, in deleted scenes, Timon's father is an active character, though he was apparently replaced by Uncle Max.
The Lion King (2019)[edit]
Main article: The Lion King (2019 film)
In April, Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen were cast to play Timon and Pumbaa respectively.[4]
The Lion King's Timon & Pumbaa[edit]
Main article: Timon & Pumbaa (TV series)
Timon and Pumbaa starred in their own animated television series which focuses on their lives. The duo is seen having misadventures in the jungle and they are also seen visiting different places around the world, such as the United States, Spain, and France. This series also reveals their last names: Timon's is revealed to be Berkowitz while Pumbaa's is revealed to be Smith.
It is revealed in the series that before Timon met Pumbaa, he had a best friend named Fred, who enjoys pulling practical jokes. In the episode "Isle of Manhood", it is shown that Timon attempts to pass the test of manhood in order to become brave and manly instead of the cowardly meerkat he sometimes claims himself to be. In Pumbaa's case, it is revealed that he was once a member of a warthog sounder, but by the time he was fully grown, the warthogs banished him because of his smell, which was appalling even by warthog standards. It is also stated that years before the episode "Madagascar About You", an arranged marriage has been set up for Pumbaa before he was even born.
It is notable that a pre-existing storyline of how Timon met Pumbaa appeared in this series. This would make the series and The Lion King 1½ independent continuities. However, this pre-existing storyline was later retconned into being a fictional story that Rafiki was telling Zazu.[citation needed]
The Lion Guard[edit]
Main article: The Lion Guard
Timon and Pumbaa appear with several of the film's other characters in the Disney Junior series The Lion Guard, which centers around Simba's second-born cub, Kion. During the series, which is set within the time gap in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride,[5] Timon and Pumbaa are adoptive uncles of a young honey badger named Bunga, who is one of the members of the Lion Guard. When Bunga was an infant, he encountered Timon and Pumbaa singing "Utamu." Instantly smitten, Bunga had begun following them around. Pumbaa wanted to keep Bunga, but Timon didn't want to raise anymore kids since he and Pumbaa have already done so with Simba, but the two friends see that the honey badger wants to be with them as well. Before he accepted Bunga, Timon instructed the honey badger to climb a tree and fetch them some Utamu grubs. When Bunga had succeeded and given the grubs to Timon, the meerkat had allowed him to stay, and the three have lived together ever since.
Other appearances[edit]
Stencil (Puma AG parody)
Timon and Pumbaa made regular appearances in the animated television series Disney's House of Mouse (2001–2002) as guests and also appeared in Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse. An occasional running gag in the show involved Timon trying to eat Jiminy Cricket, only to be stopped by Pumbaa. The two have made cameos in other Disney films. In Aladdin and the King of Thieves, the Genie turns into Pumbaa in a scene saying, "Hakuna Matata" (he also states that he had an "out-of-movie experience"). Timon appears briefly in the Virtual Magic Carpet Ride game included on disc 2 of the 2004 Aladdin Platinum Edition DVD. In Enchanted, Pip accidentally transforms himself momentarily into Pumbaa in the DVD extra "Pip's Predicament: A Pop-Up Adventure". Pumbaa also makes a cameo appearance in the "Good Neighbor Cruella" episode of 101 Dalmatians: The Series, as well as making a cameo appearance in Tangled.
They also appear on the packaging of the Kellogg's cereal "Chocolate Mud & Bugs".
A toy Pumbaa briefly appears in the music video to Steps's version of Tragedy in the bedroom of band member H.
In The Jungle Book 2, Timon and Pumbaa can briefly be seen dancing during the song "W-I-L-D" until Baloo bounces them off with his backside.
Kingdom Hearts[edit]
They reprise their roles from The Lion King in the 2006 video game Kingdom Hearts II. They charge in to battle the hyenas, and are saved by the game's main protagonists Sora, Donald Duck, and Goofy. After Simba's coronation, they fear that Simba will forget them and let the other lions eat them, though Sora assures them that Simba will never forget them. Pumbaa later shows his bravery by standing between a pregnant Nala and Scar's "ghost". Ernie Sabella reprises his role as Pumbaa, while Timon is voiced by Bruce Lanoil. Coincidentally, Quinton Flynn also had a role in the game, providing the voice for Axel of Organization XIII.
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts[edit]
Timon welcomes guests of Disney's Animal Kingdom at Walt Disney World.
Timon also appears at the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts as a meetable character. Pumbaa also appears on certain floats in certain parades or shows. Timon and Pumbaa are also the mascots used at Disney World to help kids and parents understand safety issues in the Disney parks and resorts. They are also featured on the Disney Safety website which was created in conjunction with Animax Entertainment. Timon and Pumbaa were also main characters in Legend of the Lion King, a former Fantasyland attraction in Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom, which retold the story of the film using fully articulated puppets. The two also make cameo appearances in the Hong Kong Disneyland and the Disneyland versions of It's a Small World. They appeared along with Simba in the 1995 film Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable, an edutainment film at Epcot's Land Pavilion. Timon and Pumbaa both feature in Festival of the Lion King at Animal Kingdom.
Educational shorts[edit]
In 2008, 2009, 2012 and 2013, Disney Educational Productions and Underwriters Laboratories coproduced an educational film series called Wild About Safety: Safety Smart with Timon and Pumbaa, where Pumbaa educated Timon on how to stay safe. Ernie Sabella reprised his role as Pumbaa, while Timon was voiced by Bruce Lanoil. Each installment was approximately 11 minutes long. They are all animated in the style of the 1994 TV show. The following titles were produced:
Wild About Safety: Safety Smart At Home!
Wild About Safety: Safety Smart Healthy and Fit!
Wild About Safety: Safety Smart About Fire!
Wild About Safety: Safety Smart Goes Green!
Wild About Safety: Safety Smart In The Water!
Wild About Safety: Safety Smart Online!
Wild About Safety: Safety Smart Honest & Real!
Wild About Safety: Safety Smart On The Go!
References[edit]
Jump up ^ www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/841623-timon-and-pumbaa
Jump up ^ "Pumba" in Swahili-English Dictionary
Jump up ^ Timon: What do you want me to do? Dress in drag and do the hula? Nathan Lane (1994). The Lion King (Animated film). Walt Disney Pictures.
Jump up ^ "Seth Rogen and Billy Eichner to Play Pumbaa and Timon in 'Lion King' (Exclusive)". TheWrap. April 25, 2017. Retrieved April 26, 2017.
Jump up ^ Brett, Susan (February 8, 2016). "EXCLUSIVE INTERVIEW: Disney's The Lion Guard creator Ford Riley talks new Lion King sequel". TVdaily.com. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
[hide]
v
t
e
The Lion King
Films
The Lion King (1994)
The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
The Lion King 1½
The Lion King (2019)
Theater
The Lion King
Television and short films
Timon & Pumbaa
episodes
Wild About Safety
The Lion Guard
episodes
Characters
Simba
Timon and Pumbaa
Nala
Scar
Music
The Lion King
"Circle of Life"
"I Just Can't Wait to Be King"
"Be Prepared"
"Hakuna Matata"
"Can You Feel the Love Tonight"
The Lion King musical
"Endless Night"
"The Madness of King Scar"
"Shadowland"
Other
Return to Pride Rock
"Love Will Find a Way"
Rhythm of the Pride Lands
"He Lives in You"
Video games
The Lion King (1994)
Disney's Animated Storybook: The Lion King (1994)
Timon & Pumbaa's Jungle Games (1996)
The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure (2000)
The Lion King 1½ (2003)
Attractions
Circle of Life: An Environmental Fable
The Legend of the Lion King
Festival of the Lion King
The Lion King Celebration
Disney portal
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Hue
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For the city in Vietnam, see Huế. For other uses, see Hue (disambiguation).
For the 2016 video game, see Hue (video game).
Hue in the HSB/HSL encodings of RGB
An image with the hues cyclically shifted in HSL space
The hues in this image of a painted bunting are cyclically rotated over time.
Hue is one of the main properties (called color appearance parameters) of a color, defined technically (in the CIECAM02 model), as "the degree to which a stimulus can be described as similar to or different from stimuli that are described as red, green, blue, and yellow",[1] (which in certain theories of color vision are called unique hues). Hue can typically be represented quantitatively by a single number, often corresponding to an angular position around a central or neutral point or axis on a colorspace coordinate diagram (such as a chromaticity diagram) or color wheel, or by its dominant wavelength or that of its complementary color. The other color appearance parameters are colorfulness, saturation (also known as intensity or chroma)[2], lightness, and brightness.
Usually, colors with the same hue are distinguished with adjectives referring to their lightness or colorfulness, such as with "light blue", "pastel blue", "vivid blue". Exceptions include brown, which is a dark orange.[3]
In painting color theory, a hue refers to a pure pigment—one without tint or shade (added white or black pigment, respectively).[4] Hues are first processed in the brain in areas in the extended V4 called globs.[5][6]
Contents
1 Computing hue
1.1 Defining hue in terms of RGB
2 Specialized hues
3 Usage in art
4 Hue vs. dominant wavelength
5 Hue difference: Δ h {\displaystyle \Delta h} or Δ H ∗ {\displaystyle \Delta H^{*}} ?
6 Names and other notations
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
Computing hue[edit]
In opponent color spaces in which two of the axes are perceptually orthogonal to lightness, such as the CIE 1976 (L*, a*, b*) (CIELAB) and 1976 (L*, u*, v*) (CIELUV) color spaces, hue may be computed together with chroma by converting these coordinates from rectangular form to polar form. Hue is the angular component of the polar representation, while chroma is the radial component.
Specifically, in CIELAB[7]
h a b = a t a n 2 ( b ∗ , a ∗ ) , {\displaystyle h_{ab}=\mathrm {atan2} (b^{*},a^{*}),}
while, analogously, in CIELUV[7]
h u v = a t a n 2 ( v ∗ , u ∗ ) = a t a n 2 ( v ′ , u ′ ) , {\displaystyle h_{uv}=\mathrm {atan2} (v^{*},u^{*})=\mathrm {atan2} (v',u'),}
where, atan2 is a two-argument inverse tangent.
Defining hue in terms of RGB[edit]
Preucil[8] describes a color hexagon, similar to a trilinear plot described by Evans, Hanson, and Brewer,[9] which may be used to compute hue from RGB. To place red at 0°, green at 120°, and blue at 240°,
h r g b = a t a n 2 ( 3 ⋅ ( G − B ) , 2 ⋅ R − G − B ) . {\displaystyle h_{rgb}=\mathrm {atan2} \left({\sqrt {3}}\cdot (G-B),2\cdot R-G-B\right).}
Equivalently, one may solve
tan  ( h r g b ) = 3 ⋅ ( G − B ) 2 ⋅ R − G − B . {\displaystyle \tan(h_{rgb})={\frac {{\sqrt {3}}\cdot (G-B)}{2\cdot R-G-B}}.}
Preucil used a polar plot, which he termed a color circle.[8] Using R, G, and B, one may compute hue angle using the following scheme: determine which of the six possible orderings of R, G, and B prevail, then apply the formula given in the table below.
HSV color space as a conical object
An illustration of the relationship between the "hue" of colors with maximal saturation in HSV and HSL with their corresponding RGB coordinates
Ordering
Hue region
h Preucil circle {\displaystyle h_{\text{Preucil circle}}}
R ≥ G ≥ B {\displaystyle R\geq G\geq B} Orange 60 ∘ ⋅ G − B R − B {\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot {\frac {G-B}{R-B}}}
G > R ≥ B {\displaystyle G>R\geq B} Chartreuse Green 60 ∘ ⋅ ( 2 − R − B G − B ) {\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot \left(2-{\frac {R-B}{G-B}}\right)}
G ≥ B > R {\displaystyle G\geq B>R} Spring Green 60 ∘ ⋅ ( 2 + B − R G − R ) {\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot \left(2+{\frac {B-R}{G-R}}\right)}
B > G > R {\displaystyle \ B>G>R\ } Azure 60 ∘ ⋅ ( 4 − G − R B − R ) {\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot \left(4-{\frac {G-R}{B-R}}\right)}
B > R ≥ G {\displaystyle B>R\geq G} Violet 60 ∘ ⋅ ( 4 + R − G B − G ) {\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot \left(4+{\frac {R-G}{B-G}}\right)}
R ≥ B > G {\displaystyle R\geq B>G} Rose 60 ∘ ⋅ ( 6 − B − G R − G ) {\displaystyle 60^{\circ }\cdot \left(6-{\frac {B-G}{R-G}}\right)}
Note that in each case the formula contains the fraction M − L H − L {\displaystyle {\frac {M-L}{H-L}}} , where H is the highest of R, G, and B; L is the lowest, and M is the mid one between the other two. This is referred to as the "Preucil hue error" and was used in the computation of mask strength in photomechanical color reproduction.[10]
Hue angles computed for the Preucil circle agree with the hue angle computed for the Preucil hexagon at integer multiples of 30° (red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta, and the colors midway between contiguous pairs) and differ by approximately 1.2° at odd integer multiples of 15° (based on the circle formula), the maximal divergence between the two.
The process of converting an RGB color into an HSL color space or HSV color space is usually based on a 6-piece piecewise mapping, treating the HSV cone as a hexacone, or the HSL double cone as a double hexacone.[11] The formulae used are those in the table above.
Specialized hues[edit]
The hues exhibited by caramel colorings and beers are fairly limited in range. The Linner hue index is used to quantify the hue of such products.
Usage in art[edit]
Manufacturers of pigments use the word hue, for example, "cadmium yellow (hue)" to indicate that the original pigmentation ingredient, often toxic, has been replaced by safer (or cheaper) alternatives whilst retaining the hue of the original. Replacements are often used for chromium, cadmium and alizarin.
Hue vs. dominant wavelength[edit]
Dominant wavelength (or sometimes equivalent wavelength) is a physical analog to the perceptual attribute hue. On a chromaticity diagram, a line is drawn from a white point through the coordinates of the color in question, until it intersects the spectral locus. The wavelength at which the line intersects the spectrum locus is identified as the color's dominant wavelength if the point is on the same side of the white point as the spectral locus, and as the color's complementary wavelength if the point is on the opposite side.[12]
Hue difference: Δ h {\displaystyle \Delta h} or Δ H ∗ {\displaystyle \Delta H^{*}} ?[edit]
There are two main ways in which hue difference is quantified. The first is the simple difference between the two hue angles. The symbol for this expression of hue difference is Δ h a b {\displaystyle \Delta h_{ab}} in CIELAB and Δ h u v {\displaystyle \Delta h_{uv}} in CIELUV. The other is computed as the residual total color difference after Lightness and Chroma differences have been accounted for; its symbol is Δ H a b ∗ {\displaystyle \Delta H_{ab}^{*}} in CIELAB and Δ H u v ∗ {\displaystyle \Delta H_{uv}^{*}} in CIELUV.
Names and other notations[edit]
There exists some correspondence, more or less precise, between hue values and color terms (names). One approach in color science is to use traditional color terms but try to give them more precise definitions. See spectral color#Table of spectral or near-spectral colors for names of highly saturated colors with the hue from ≈ 0° (red) up to ≈ 275° (violet), and line of purples#Table of highly-saturated purple colors for color terms of the remaining part of the color wheel.
Alternative approach is to use a systematic notation. It can be a standard angle notation for certain color model such as HSL/HSV mentioned above, CIELUV, or CIECAM02. Alphanumeric notations such as of Munsell color system, NCS, and Pantone Matching System are also used.
See also[edit]
Lightness (color)
Chromaticity
Munsell color system
Bezold–Brücke shift
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Mark Fairchild, "Color Appearance Models: CIECAM02 and Beyond". Tutorial slides for IS&T/SID 12th Color Imaging Conference.
Jump up ^ "Hue, Value, Saturation | learn". Archived from the original on 2017-06-30. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
Jump up ^ C J Bartleson, "Brown". Color Research and Application, 1 : 4, p 181-191 (1976).
Jump up ^ "The Color Wheel and Color Theory". Creative Curio. 2008-05-16. Archived from the original on 2011-07-05. Retrieved 2011-06-09.
Jump up ^ Conway, BR; Moeller, S; Tsao, DY. (2007). "Specialized color modules in macaque extrastriate cortex". Neuron. 56 (3): 560–73. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.008. PMID 17988638.
Jump up ^ Conway, BR; Tsao, DY (2009). "Color-tuned neurons are spatially clustered according to color preference within alert macaque posterior inferior temporal cortex". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (42): 18034–9. doi:10.1073/pnas.0810943106. PMC 2764907  . PMID 19805195.
^ Jump up to: a b Colorimetry, second edition: CIE Publication 15.2. Vienna: Bureau Central of the CIE, 1986.
^ Jump up to: a b Frank Preucil, "Color Hue and Ink Transfer … Their Relation to Perfect Reproduction, TAGA Proceedings, p 102-110 (1953).
Jump up ^ Ralph Merrill Evans, W T Hanson, and W Lyle Brewer, Principles of Color Photography. New York: Wiley, 1953
Jump up ^ Miles Southworth, Color Separation Techniques, second edition. Livonia, New York: Graphic Arts Publishing, 1979.
Jump up ^ Max K. Agoston (2004). Computer Graphics and Geometric Modelling v. 1: Implementation and Algorithms. Springer. pp. 301–304. ISBN 1-85233-818-0. Archived from the original on 2017-03-21.
Jump up ^ Deane B Judd and Günter Wyszecki, Color in Business, Science, and Industry. New York: Wiley, 1976.
External links[edit]
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Meniscus (anatomy)
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Meniscus
Head of right tibia seen from above, showing menisci and attachments of ligaments
Left knee-joint from behind, showing interior ligaments
Details
Identifiers
Latin
Menisci
Greek
μηνίσκος ("meniskos")
TA
A03.0.00.033
FMA
76690
Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]
A meniscus is a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous anatomical structure that, in contrast to an articular disk, only partly divides a joint cavity.[1] In humans they are present in the knee, wrist, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, and temporomandibular joints;[2] in other animals they may be present in other joints.
Generally, the term 'meniscus' is used to refer to the cartilage of the knee, either to the lateral or medial meniscus. Both are cartilaginous tissues that provide structural integrity to the knee when it undergoes tension and torsion. The menisci are also known as "semi-lunar" cartilages, referring to their half-moon, crescent shape.
The term meniscus is from Ancient Greek μηνίσκος (meniskos), meaning 'crescent'.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure
2 Function
3 Clinical significance
3.1 Injury
3.2 Conservative management
3.3 Surgical treatment
4 Etymology
5 Additional images
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Structure[edit]
The menisci of the knee are two pads of fibrocartilaginous tissue which serve to disperse friction in the knee joint between the lower leg (tibia) and the thigh (femur). They are concave on the top and flat on the bottom, articulating with the tibia. They are attached to the small depressions (fossae) between the condyles of the tibia (intercondyloid fossa), and towards the center they are unattached and their shape narrows to a thin shelf.[4] The blood flow of the meniscus is from the periphery (outside) to the central meniscus. Blood flow decreases with age and the central meniscus is avascular by adulthood, leading to very poor healing rates.
Function[edit]
The menisci act to disperse the weight of the body and reduce friction during movement. Since the condyles of the femur and tibia meet at one point (which changes during flexion and extension), the menisci spread the load of the body's weight.[5] This differs from sesamoid bones, which are made of osseous tissue and whose function primarily is to protect the nearby tendon and to increase its mechanical effect.
Clinical significance[edit]
Injury[edit]
Main article: Tear of meniscus
Scar from partial left menisectomy in 1980 (~30 years before photo); more recent surgery leaves smaller scars.
In sports and orthopedics, people will sometimes speak of "torn cartilage" and actually be referring to an injury to one of the menisci. There are two general types of meniscus injuries, acute tears that are often the result of trauma or a sports injury and chronic or wear-and-tear type tears. Acute tears have many different shapes (vertical, horizontal, radial, oblique, complex) and sizes. They are often treated with surgical repair depending upon the patient's age as they rarely heal on their own. Chronic tears are treated symptomatically: physical therapy with or without the addition of injections and anti-inflammatory medications. If the tear causes continued pain, swelling, or knee dysfunction, then the tear can be removed or repaired surgically. The unhappy triad is a set of commonly co-occurring knee injuries which includes injury to the medial meniscus.
Conservative management[edit]
Conservative management is often considered first for a smaller or chronic tear that does not appear amenable to surgical repair. It consists of activity modification, physical therapy for strengthening and range of motion, electro-acupuncture.[citation needed]
Surgical treatment[edit]
Two surgeries of the meniscus are most common. Depending on the type and location of the tear, the patient's age, and physician's preference, injured menisci are usually either repaired or removed, in part or completely (meniscectomy). Each has its advantages and disadvantages. Many studies show the meniscus serves a purpose and therefore doctors will attempt to repair when possible. However, the meniscus has poor blood supply, and, therefore, healing can be difficult.[6] Traditionally it was thought that if there is no chance of healing, then it is best to remove the damaged and non-functional meniscus, although at least one study has shown that there is little significance if a meniscectomy is done.[7] However, resuming high intensity activities may be impossible without surgery as the tear may flap around, causing the knee to lock.
A 2017 clinical practice guideline strongly recommends against surgery in nearly all patients with degenerative knee disease.[8]
Etymology[edit]
The term meniscus derives from Greek μηνίσκος meniskos, "crescent". Meniskos (μηνίσκος), "small moon", is diminutive of μήνη, "moon". The word was also used for curved things in general, such as a necklace or a line of battle. [3]
Additional images[edit]
See also[edit]
This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see Anatomical terminology.
Meniscal cartilage replacement therapy
Discoid meniscus
Anterior cruciate ligament
Meniscus transplant
https://www.alwaysfysio.nl/en/meniscus-tear-treatment/
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Platzer (2004), p 208
Jump up ^ .Meniscus, Stedman's (27th ed.)
^ Jump up to: a b Lexicon of Orthopaedic Etymology, p 199
Jump up ^ Gray's (1918), 7b
Jump up ^ Cluett, Meniscus Tear — Torn Cartilage
Jump up ^ "Meniscus - Anatomic, Biologic, and Biomechanical Factors That Affect Healing".
Jump up ^ Sihvonen R, Paavola M, Malmivaara A, Itälä A, Joukainen A, Nurmi H, Kalske J, Järvinen TL (December 26, 2013). "Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy versus Sham Surgery for a Degenerative Meniscal Tear". The New England Journal of Medicine. 369 (26): 2504–2514. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1305189. PMID 24369076. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
Jump up ^ Siemieniuk, Reed A. C.; Harris, Ian A.; Agoritsas, Thomas; Poolman, Rudolf W.; Brignardello-Petersen, Romina; Velde, Stijn Van de; Buchbinder, Rachelle; Englund, Martin; Lytvyn, Lyubov (2017-05-10). "Arthroscopic surgery for degenerative knee arthritis and meniscal tears: a clinical practice guideline". BMJ. 357: j1982. doi:10.1136/bmj.j1982. ISSN 1756-1833. PMID 28490431.
Sources
"Meniscus". Stedman's Medical Dictionary, 27th edition. eMedicine - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2003. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
Cluett, Jonathan (February 10, 2008). "Meniscus Tear — Torn Cartilage". About.com. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
Diab, Mohammad (1999). Lexicon of Orthopaedic Etymology. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 90-5702-597-3.
Gray, Henry (1918). "7b. The Knee-joint". Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-20. [full citation needed]
Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (5th ed.). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1.
External links[edit]
Dr. Ben Petre: Sports Medicine and Orthopedic Surgeon - Meniscal tear (meniscus injury)
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