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Alternative fuel
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Typical Brazilian filling station with four alternative fuels for sale: biodiesel (B3), gasohol (E25), neat ethanol (E100), and compressed natural gas (CNG). Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Alternative fuels, known as non-conventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels like; fossil fuels (petroleum (oil), coal, and natural gas), as well as nuclear materials such as uranium and thorium, as well as artificial radioisotope fuels that are made in nuclear reactors.
Some well-known alternative fuels include biodiesel, bioalcohol (methanol, ethanol, butanol), refuse-derived fuel, chemically stored electricity (batteries and fuel cells), hydrogen, non-fossil methane, non-fossil natural gas, vegetable oil, propane and other biomass sources.
Contents
1 Background
2 Biofuel
2.1 Biomass
2.2 Algae-based fuels
2.3 Biodiesel
3 Alcohol fuels
4 Ammonia
5 Carbon-neutral and negative fuels
6 Hydrogen & formic acid
7 Hydrogen/compressed natural gas mixture
8 Liquid nitrogen
9 Compressed air
10 Propane autogas
11 Natural gas vehicles
11.1 Compressed natural gas fuel types
11.2 Practicality
11.3 Environmental analysis
12 Nuclear power and radiothermal generators
12.1 Nuclear reactors
12.2 Thorium fuelled nuclear reactors
12.3 Radiothermal generators
13 See also
14 References
15 External links
Background[edit]
The main purpose of fuel is to store energy, which should be in a stable form and can be easily transported to the place of use.
Almost all fuels are chemical fuels. The user employs this fuel to generate heat or perform mechanical work, such as powering an engine. It may also be used to generate electricity, which is then used for heating, lighting, or other purpose.
Biofuel[edit]
Main article: Biofuel
Alternative fuel dispensers at a regular gasoline station in Arlington, Virginia. B20 biodiesel at the left and E85 ethanol at the right.
Biofuels are also considered a renewable source. Although renewable energy is used mostly to generate electricity, it is often assumed that some form of renewable energy or a percentage is used to create alternative fuels. Research is ongoing into finding more suitable biofuel crops and improving the oil yields of these crops. Using the current yields, vast amounts of land and fresh water would be needed to produce enough oil to completely replace fossil fuel usage.
Biomass[edit]
Main article: Biomass
Biomass in the energy production industry is living and recently dead biological material which can be used as fuel or for industrial production. It has become popular among coal power stations, which switch from coal to biomass in order to convert to renewable energy generation without wasting existing generating plant and infrastructure. Biomass most often refers to plants or plant-based materials that are not used for food or feed, and are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass.[2] As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel.
Algae-based fuels[edit]
Main article: Algae fuel
Algae-based biofuels have been promoted in the media as a potential panacea to crude oil-based transportation problems. Algae could yield more than 2000 gallons of fuel per acre per year of production.[1] Algae based fuels are being successfully tested by the U.S. Navy[2] Algae-based plastics show potential to reduce waste and the cost per pound of algae plastic is expected to be cheaper than traditional plastic prices.[3]
Biodiesel[edit]
Biodiesel is made from animal fats or vegetable oils, renewable resources that come from plants such as jatropha, soybean, sunflowers, corn, olive, peanut, palm, coconut, safflower, canola, sesame, cottonseed, etc. Once these fats or oils are filtered from their hydrocarbons and then combined with alcohol like methanol, biodiesel is brought to life[clarification needed] from this chemical reaction. These raw materials can either be mixed with pure diesel to make various proportions, or used alone. Despite one’s mixture preference, biodiesel will release smaller number of pollutants (carbon monoxide particulates and hydrocarbons) than conventional diesel, because biodiesel burns both cleanly and more efficiently. Even with regular diesel’s reduced quantity of sulfur from the ULSD (ultra-low sulfur diesel) invention, biodiesel exceeds those levels because it is sulfur-free.[4]
Alcohol fuels[edit]
Main articles: Alcohol fuel, Butanol fuel, Ethanol fuel, and Methanol fuel
Methanol and ethanol fuel are primary sources of energy; they are convenient fuels for storing and transporting energy. These alcohols can be used in internal combustion engines as alternative fuels. Butanol has another advantage: it is the only alcohol-based motor fuel that can be transported readily by existing petroleum-product pipeline networks, instead of only by tanker trucks and railroad cars.[citation needed]
Ammonia[edit]
Ammonia (NH3) can be used as fuel.[5][6] Benefits of ammonia include no need for oil, zero emissions, low cost, and distributed production reducing transport and related pollution.[citation needed]
Carbon-neutral and negative fuels[edit]
Carbon neutral fuel is synthetic fuel—such as methane, gasoline, diesel fuel or jet fuel—produced from renewable or nuclear energy used to hydrogenate waste carbon dioxide recycled from power plant flue exhaust gas or derived from carbonic acid in seawater.[7][8][9][10] Such fuels are potentially carbon neutral because they do not result in a net increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases.[11][12] To the extent that carbon neutral fuels displace fossil fuels, or if they are produced from waste carbon or seawater carbonic acid, and their combustion is subject to carbon capture at the flue or exhaust pipe, they result in negative carbon dioxide emission and net carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere, and thus constitute a form of greenhouse gas remediation.[13][14][15] Such carbon neutral and negative fuels can be produced by the electrolysis of water to make hydrogen used in the Sabatier reaction to produce methane which may then be stored to be burned later in power plants as synthetic natural gas, transported by pipeline, truck, or tanker ship, or be used in gas to liquids processes such as the Fischer–Tropsch process to make traditional transportation or heating fuels.[16][17][18]
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Carbon-neutral fuels have been proposed for distributed storage for renewable energy, minimizing problems of wind and solar intermittency, and enabling transmission of wind, water, and solar power through existing natural gas pipelines. Such renewable fuels could alleviate the costs and dependency issues of imported fossil fuels without requiring either electrification of the vehicle fleet or conversion to hydrogen or other fuels, enabling continued compatible and affordable vehicles.[16] Germany has built a 250-kilowatt synthetic methane plant which they are scaling up to 10 megawatts.[19][20][21] Audi has constructed a carbon neutral liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Werlte, Germany.[22] The plant is intended to produce transportation fuel to offset LNG used in their A3 Sportback g-tron automobiles, and can keep 2,800 metric tons of CO2 out of the environment per year at its initial capacity.[23] Other commercial developments are taking place in Columbia, South Carolina,[24] Camarillo, California,[25] and Darlington, England.[26]
The least expensive source of carbon for recycling into fuel is flue-gas emissions from fossil-fuel combustion, where it can be extracted for about US $7.50 per ton.[9][12][17] Automobile exhaust gas capture has also been proposed to be economical but would require extensive design changes or retrofitting.[27] Since carbonic acid in seawater is in chemical equilibrium with atmospheric carbon dioxide, extraction of carbon from seawater has been studied.[28][29] Researchers have estimated that carbon extraction from seawater would cost about $50 per ton.[10] Carbon capture from ambient air is more costly, at between $600 and $1000 per ton and is considered impractical for fuel synthesis or carbon sequestration.[12][13]
Nighttime wind power is considered[by whom?] the most economical form of electrical power with which to synthesize fuel, because the load curve for electricity peaks sharply during the warmest hours of the day, but wind tends to blow slightly more at night than during the day. Therefore, the price of nighttime wind power is often much less expensive than any alternative. Off-peak wind power prices in high wind penetration areas of the U.S. averaged 1.64 cents per kilowatt-hour in 2009, but only 0.71 cents/kWh during the least expensive six hours of the day.[16] Typically, wholesale electricity costs 2 to 5 cents/kWh during the day.[30] Commercial fuel synthesis companies suggest they can produce fuel for less than petroleum fuels when oil costs more than $55 per barrel.[31] The U.S. Navy estimates that shipboard production of jet fuel from nuclear power would cost about $6 per gallon. While that was about twice the petroleum fuel cost in 2010, it is expected to be much less than the market price in less than five years if recent trends continue. Moreover, since the delivery of fuel to a carrier battle group costs about $8 per gallon, shipboard production is already much less expensive.[32] However, U.S. civilian nuclear power is considerably more expensive than wind power.[33] The Navy's estimate that 100 megawatts can produce 41,000 gallons of fuel per day indicates that terrestrial production from wind power would cost less than $1 per gallon.[34]
Hydrogen & formic acid[edit]
Main article: Hydrogen fuel
Hydrogen is an emissionless fuel. The byproduct of hydrogen burning is water, although some mono-nitrogen oxides NOx are produced when hydrogen is burned with air.[35][36]
Main article: Formic acid
Another fuel is formic acid. The fuel is used by converting it first to hydrogen, and using that in a fuel cell. Formic acid is much more easy to store than hydrogen.[37][38]
Hydrogen/compressed natural gas mixture[edit]
Main article: HCNG
HCNG (or H2CNG) is a mixture of compressed natural gas and 4-9 percent hydrogen by energy.[39]
Liquid nitrogen[edit]
Liquid nitrogen is another type of emissionless and efficient fuel.[citation needed]
Compressed air[edit]
The air engine is an emission-free piston engine using compressed air as fuel. Unlike hydrogen, compressed air is about one-tenth as expensive as fossil fuel, making it an economically attractive alternative fuel.[citation needed]
Propane autogas[edit]
Main article: Autogas
Propane is a cleaner burning, high performance fuel derived from multiple sources. It is known by many names including propane, LPG (liquified propane gas), LPA (liquid propane autogas), Autogas and others. Propane is a hydrocarbon fuel and is a member of the natural gas family.
Propane as an automotive fuel shares many of the physical attributes of gasoline while reducing tailpipe emissions and well to wheel emissions overall. Propane is the number one alternative fuel in the world and offers an abundance of supply, liquid storage at low pressure, an excellent safety record and large cost savings when compared to traditional fuels.[40]
Propane delivers an octane rating between 104 and 112[41] depending on the composition of the butane/propane ratios of the mixture. Propane autogas in a liquid injection format captures the phase change from liquid to gas state within the cylinder of the combustion engine producing an "intercooler" effect, reducing the cylinder temperature and increasing air density.[42] The resultant effect allows more advance on the ignition cycle and a more efficient engine combustion.
Propane lacks additives, detergents or other chemical enhancements further reducing the exhaust output from the tailpipe. The cleaner combustion also has fewer particulate emissions, lower NOx due to the complete combustion of the gas within the cylinder, higher exhaust temperatures increasing the efficiency of the catalyst and deposits less acid and carbon inside the engine which extends the useful life of the lubricating oil.
Propane autogas is generated at the well alongside other natural gas and oil products. It is also a by-product of the refining processes which further increase the supply of Propane to the market.
Propane is stored and transported in a liquid state at roughly 5 bar (73 psi) of pressure. Fueling vehicles is similar to gasoline in speed of delivery with modern fueling equipment. Propane filling stations only require a pump to transfer vehicle fuel and does not require expensive and slow compression systems when compared to compressed natural gas which is usually kept at over 3,000 psi (210 bar).
In a vehicle format, propane autogas can be retrofitted to almost any engine and provide fuel cost savings and lowered emissions while being more efficient as an overall system due to the large, pre-existing propane fueling infrastructure that does not require compressors and the resultant waste of other alternative fuels in well to wheel lifecycles.
Natural gas vehicles[edit]
Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquified natural gas (LNG) are two cleaner combusting alternatives to conventional liquid automobile fuels.
Compressed natural gas fuel types[edit]
Compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles can use both renewable CNG and non-renewable CNG.[43]
Conventional CNG is produced from the many underground natural gas reserves are in widespread production worldwide today. New technologies such as horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing to economically access unconventional gas resources, appear to have increased the supply of natural gas in a fundamental way.[44]
Renewable natural gas or biogas is a methane‐based gas with similar properties to natural gas that can be used as transportation fuel. Present sources of biogas are mainly landfills, sewage, and animal/agri‐waste. Based on the process type, biogas can be divided into the following: biogas produced by anaerobic digestion, landfill gas collected from landfills, treated to remove trace contaminants, and synthetic natural gas (SNG).[43]
Practicality[edit]
Around the world, this gas powers more than 5 million vehicles, and just over 150,000 of these are in the U.S.[45] American usage is growing at a dramatic rate.[46]
Environmental analysis[edit]
Because natural gas emits little pollutant when combusted, cleaner air quality has been measured in urban localities switching to natural gas vehicles[47] Tailpipe CO2 can be reduced by 15–25% compared to gasoline, diesel.[48] The greatest reductions occur in medium and heavy duty, light duty and refuse truck segments.[48]
CO2 reductions of up to 88% are possible by using biogas.[49]
Similarities to hydrogen Natural gas, like hydrogen, is another fuel that burns cleanly; cleaner than both gasoline and diesel engines. Also, none of the smog-forming contaminates are emitted. Hydrogen and natural gas are both lighter than air and can be mixed together.[50]
Nuclear power and radiothermal generators[edit]
Main articles: Nuclear power and radiothermal generator
Nuclear reactors[edit]
Nuclear power is any nuclear technology designed to extract usable energy from atomic nuclei via controlled nuclear reactions. The only controlled method now practical uses nuclear fission in a fissile fuel (with a small fraction of the power coming from subsequent radioactive decay). Use of the nuclear reaction nuclear fusion for controlled power generation is not yet practical, but is an active area of research.
Nuclear power is usually used by using a nuclear reactor to heat a working fluid such as water, which is then used to create steam pressure, which is converted into mechanical work for the purpose of generating electricity or propulsion in water. Today, more than 15% of the world's electricity comes from nuclear power, and over 150 nuclear-powered naval vessels have been built.
In theory, electricity from nuclear reactors could also be used for propulsion in space, but this has yet to be demonstrated in a space flight. Some smaller reactors, such as the TOPAZ nuclear reactor, are built to minimize moving parts, and use methods that convert nuclear energy to electricity more directly, making them useful for space missions, but this electricity has historically been used for other purposes. Power from nuclear fission has been used in a number of spacecraft, all of them unmanned. The Soviets up to 1988 orbited 33 nuclear reactors in RORSAT military radar satellites, where electric power generated was used to power a radar unit that located ships on the Earth's oceans. The U.S. also orbited one experimental nuclear reactor in 1965, in the SNAP-10A mission. No nuclear reactor has been sent into space since 1988.
Thorium fuelled nuclear reactors[edit]
Thorium-based nuclear power reactors have also become an area of active research in recent years. It is being backed by many scientists and researchers, and Professor James Hansen, the former Director at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies has reportedly said, “After studying climate change for over four decades, it’s clear to me that the world is heading for a climate catastrophe unless we develop adequate energy sources to replace fossil fuels. Safer, cleaner and cheaper nuclear power can replace coal and is desperately needed as an essential part of the solution”.[51] Thorium is 3-4 times more abundant within nature than uranium, and its ore, monazite, is commonly found in sands along bodies of water. Thorium has also gained interest because it could be easier to obtain than uranium. While uranium mines are enclosed underground and thus very dangerous for the miners, thorium is taken from open pits.[52][53] Monazite is present in countries such as Australia, the United States and India, in quantities large enough to power the earth for thousands of years.[54] As an alternative to uranium fuelled nuclear reactors, thorium has been proven to add to proliferation, produces radioactive waste for deep geological repositories like technetium-99 (half-life over 200,000 years),[55] and has a longer fuel cycle.[53]
For a list of experimental and presently-operating thorium-fueled reactors, see thorium fuel cycle#List of thorium fueled reactors.
Radiothermal generators[edit]
In addition, radioisotopes have been used as alternative fuels, on both land and in space. Their use on land is declining due to the danger of theft of isotope and environmental damage if the unit is opened. The decay of radioisotopes generates both heat and electricity in many space probes, particularly probes to outer planets where sunlight is weak, and low temperatures is a problem. Radiothermal generators (RTGs) which use such radioisotopes as fuels do not sustain a nuclear chain reaction, but rather generate electricity from the decay of a radioisotope which has (in turn) been produced on Earth as a concentrated power source (fuel) using energy from an Earth-based nuclear reactor.[56]
See also[edit]
Sustainable development portal
Energy portal
Alcohol fuel
Alternative fuel cars
Alternative propulsion
Biogas
Compressed-air vehicle
E-diesel
Energy development
Fischer-Tropsch process
Greasestock - An alternative fuel festival in New York
Heating value
List of 2007 Hybrid Vehicles
List of energy topics
Magnesium injection cycle
Natural gas hydrate — A possible future alternative to LNG for transporting natural gas
Swiftfuel — A potential lead-free alternative to 100LL aviation gasoline.
Vegetable oil fuel
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External links[edit]
Alternative Fuels Data Center (U.S. DOE)
Alternative Fuels Information Centre (Victorian Government)[permanent dead link]
Alternative Fuel Vehicle Training National Alternative Fuels Training Consortium, West Virginia University
Clean Cities Program U.S. DOE program encouraging alternative fuel use
International Air Transport Association alternative aviation fuels
ScienceDaily - Alternative Fuel News
Student's Guide to Alternative Fuel (California Energy Commission)
Sustainable Green Fleets, an EU-sponsored dissemination project for alternatively fuels for fleets
Pop. Mechanics: Crunching the numbers on alternative fuels
Alternative Fuels portal on WiserEarth
Alternative Clean Transportation Expo
Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles
Student's Guide to Alternative Fuels
Green Revolution - The Future of Electric Cars
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text:
Came Here for Love
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Came Here for Love"
Single by Sigala and Ella Eyre
Released
9 June 2017 (2017-06-09)
Format
Digital download
Recorded
2017
Genre
Tropical house[1]
Length
3:22
Label
Ministry of Sound
B1
Songwriter(s)
Bruce Fielder
Ella McMahon
Cédric Steinmyller
Bryn Christopher
Scott Wild
Producer(s)
Sigala
Klingande
White N3rd
Sigala singles chronology
"Show You Love"
(2017) "Came Here for Love"
(2017)
Ella Eyre singles chronology
"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot"
(2015) "Came Here for Love"
(2017) "Ego"
(2017)
Music video
"Came Here for Love" on YouTube
"Came Here for Love" is a song by English DJ and record producer Sigala and English singer-songwriter Ella Eyre. It was written by Klingande, Bryn Christopher and Scott Wild, with the song's production handled by Sigala, Klingande and White N3rd. It was released to digital retailers on 9 June 2017, through Ministry of Sound Recordings and B1 Recordings.
Contents
[hide]
1 Background
2 Track listing
3 Credits and personnel
4 Charts
5 Certifications
6 Release history
7 References
8 External links
Background[edit]
Las Palmitas neighbourhood in Pachuca, México where the video was filmed.
In an interview with Official Charts Company, Sigala said: "I'm really, really excited about it. The last few releases feel like they've been more collaborative – Craig David, Digital Farm Animals and the Hailee Steinfeld/Kato song – but this one feels more like my record, if you know what I mean. I'm so happy it's coming out - hopefully it'll be the first of many this year." When asked about how the collaboration came together, he said: "It was written with Bryn Christopher originally, who sang Sweet Lovin'. He'd pretty much written all the vocals and came to me with the idea for the song. We developed it from there and thought about getting Ella on it - we share the same manager. She helped us finish the song. The difficult thing with Bryn is he comes in with that crazy voice of his, so it's about finding someone to match that. Ella's one of the few people who can do that." In an interview with The List, he said: "We had planned to do a collaboration somewhere along the line, but we were just waiting for the right time and the right song."[2]
When asked about the best bit of this song, he said: "The hands in the air moment is probably the 'came here for love' lyric. It's not the drop, but it's the building up to it moment. It's got the pianos and Ella's amazing vocals. It's the bit that puts a smile on my face anyway!"[3]
Track listing[edit]
Digital download[4]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Came Here for Love" 3:22
Digital download – Acoustic[5]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Came Here for Love" (Acoustic) 3:36
Digital download – Remix EP[6]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Came Here for Love" (Re-Edit) 4:05
2. "Came Here for Love" (Freedo Remix) 3:23
3. "Came Here for Love" (GotSome Remix) 4:37
4. "Came Here for Love" (Calvo Remix) 4:25
Credits and personnel[edit]
Credits adapted from Tidal.[7]
Sigala – composer, lyricist, producer, engineer
Ella Eyre – composer, lyricist, vocalist
Klingande – composer, lyricist, producer
Bryn Christopher – composer, lyricist, background vocalist
Scott Wild – composer, lyricist
White N3rd – producer
Kevin Grainger – mixing engineer, mastering engineer
Bryan Corbett – trumpeter
Fabio D'Andrea – bassist
Dipesh Parmar – programmer, arranger
Jim Hunt – saxophonist
SNFNK – strings player
Hal Ritson – violinist
Alice Cooper-Hall – violinist
Joe Rodwell – violinist
Charts[edit]
Chart (2017)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[8]
53
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[9]
56
Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[10]
1
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[11]
18
Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[12]
16
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[13]
30
Germany (Official German Charts)[14]
76
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[15]
30
Ireland (IRMA)[16]
9
Latvia (Latvijas Top 40)[17]
27
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[18]
28
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[19]
58
Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100)[20]
4
Romania (Airplay 100)[21]
96
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[22]
2
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[23]
48
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[24]
38
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[25]
66
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[26]
49
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[27]
6
UK Dance (Official Charts Company)[28]
3
US Hot Dance/Electronic Songs (Billboard)[29]
32
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[30]
Gold 35,000^
Italy (FIMI)[31]
Gold 25,000
United Kingdom (BPI)[32]
Platinum 600,000
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Release history[edit]
Region
Date
Format
Version
Label
Ref.
Various
9 June 2017 Digital download Original
Ministry of Sound
B1
[4]
28 July 2017 Acoustic [5]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Alex Ross (15 June 2017). "WATCH: Sigala and Ella Eyre drop video for 'Came Here For Love'". Key 103. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
Jump up ^ Bang Showbiz (15 June 2017). "Sigala says Ella Eyre's new music will wow fans". The List. Retrieved 21 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sigala on teaming up with Ella Eyre on new single Came Here For Love, working with Kylie and more: Interview". Official UK Charts Company. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Came Here For Love - Single by Sigala & Ella Eyre on Apple Music". iTunes Store. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Came Here for Love (Acoustic) - Single by Sigala & Ella Eyre on Apple Music". iTunes Store. Retrieved 9 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Came Here For Love (Remixes) - EP by Sigala & Ella Eyre on Apple Music". iTunes Store. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "Came Here For Love / Sigala TIDAL". Tidal. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Chart Watch #434". auspOp. 19 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – Sigala & Ella Eyre – Came Here For Love" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Sigala & Ella Eyre – Came Here For Love" (in Dutch). Ultratip. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – Sigala & Ella Eyre – Came Here For Love" (in French). Ultratip. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201742 into search. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "ČNS IFPI" (in Czech). Hitparáda – Digital Top 100 Oficiální. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201731 into search. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Sigala & Ella Eyre – Came Here for Love". GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Archívum – Slágerlisták – MAHASZ" (in Hungarian). Rádiós Top 40 játszási lista. Magyar Hanglemezkiadók Szövetsége. Retrieved 6 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "IRMA – Irish Charts". Irish Recorded Music Association. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Latvijas Top 40". Latvijas Radio. 29 July 2017. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – week 37, 2017" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40 Retrieved 15 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Dutchcharts.nl – Sigala & Ella Eyre – Came Here For Love" (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 8 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Listy bestsellerów, wyróżnienia :: Związek Producentów Audio-Video". Polish Airplay Top 100. Retrieved 11 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Airplay 100 – 24 September 2017". Retrieved 3 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Radio Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201731 into search. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "SNS IFPI" (in Slovak). Hitparáda – Singles Digital Top 100 Oficiálna. IFPI Czech Republic. Note: insert 201729 into search. Retrieved 25 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sverigetopplistan - Sveriges Officiella Topplista". Sverigetopplistan. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – Sigala & Ella Eyre – Came Here For Love". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 14 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 15 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "Official Dance Singles Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sigala Chart History (Hot Dance/Electronic Songs)" Billboard. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Chart Watch #442". auspOp. 14 October 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2017.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Sigala & Ella Eyre – Came Here for Love" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Sigala & Ella Eyre – Came Here for Love". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 8 December 2017. Enter Came Here for Love in the search field and then press Enter.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Ella Eyre
Discography
Albums
Feline (2015)
Singles
"If I Go"
"Comeback"
"Together"
"Good Times"
"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot"
"Best of My Love"
"Came Here for Love"
Featured singles
"Waiting All Night"
"Think About It"
"Gravity"
Related articles
"Someday (Place in the Sun)"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Came_Here_for_Love&oldid=815986817"
Categories:
2017 singles
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Songs written by Ella Eyre
Tropical house songs
Songs written by Bryn Christopher
Songs written by Sigala
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This page was last edited on 18 December 2017, at 14:19.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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Changes (Tupac Shakur song)
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"Changes"
Single by 2Pac featuring Talent
from the album Greatest Hits
Released
October 13, 1998 (1998-10-13)
Format
CD single
cassette single
12-inch single
7-inch single
Recorded
1992
Genre
Conscious hip hop
political hip hop
Length
4:30
Label
Amaru
Death Row
Interscope
Jive
Songwriter(s)
Tupac Shakur
Deon Evans
Bruce Hornsby[1]
Producer(s)
Big D The Impossible
2Pac featuring Talent singles chronology
"Do for Love"
(1998) "Changes"
(1998) "Unconditional Love"
(1999)
Audio sample
file
help
Music video
"Changes" on YouTube
"Changes" is a hip hop song by 2Pac featuring Talent. The song makes references to the war on drugs, the treatment of black people by the police at the time, racism (explicitly the reconciliation between the black and white races in America), the perpetuation of poverty and its accompanying vicious-cycle value system in urban African American culture, and the difficulties of life in the ghetto.
Contents
1 Production and recording
1.1 Samples
2 Overview
3 Accolades
4 Charts and certifications
4.1 Weekly charts
4.2 Year-end charts
4.3 Certifications
5 References
6 External links
Production and recording[edit]
The song was originally recorded during his tenure at Interscope records in 1992 and was produced by Big D The Impossible (Deon Evans). "Changes" was later remixed during 1997-1998.
The song re-uses lines from "I Wonder If Heaven Got a Ghetto" which was recorded during the same year. The song samples the 1986 hit "The Way It Is" by Bruce Hornsby and the Range. The chorus of "The Way It Is" was re-sung by Talent and was used for this song. At times Tupac re-used lines from other unreleased songs because he planned to make an updated version at a later date. However, since his death many of the unreleased and unmastered songs have been officially released.
The remixed version released in 1998 has notably different percussion, and a few minor changes to the musical elements. The chorus on the original track features a notable difference in a vocal sample of the line, "It's like that and that's the way it is", from Run DMCs "It's Like That", which is also played twice during the intro. The second chorus adds the Ice Cube line, "Dope dealers, you're as bad as the police," from his song, "Us". The third chorus omits the Ice Cube sample and adds B-boy-style chant with an unknown person repeating, "Clap your hands and feel it, clap you hands and feel it!" until the song ends.
Samples[edit]
The song is an interpretation of the 1986 hit "The Way It Is" by Bruce Hornsby and the Range. Bay Area rapper E-40 had interpreted the song already on his track, "Things'll Never Change", for his album Tha Hall of Game. The Tupac "Changes" instrumental was used by Insane Clown Posse in "Mom Song", a Mother's Day song. Nas also sampled the song for his song "Black President".
Overview[edit]
The song was the #1 hit in Norway and the Netherlands and reached the top ten in the singles charts of several other countries, including #3 in the United Kingdom, which gained Tupac a broader audience.
Released posthumously on his album Greatest Hits, the song talks about all of the different issues that were related to Tupac's era of influence - notably racism, police brutality, drugs and gang violence. The "Huey" that 2Pac mentions in the song ("two shots in the dark, now Huey's dead") is Huey P. Newton, founder of the Black Panther Party. The song refers to the possibility of a black president of the United States, claiming "we ain't ready". Further, the last verse of the song refers to Tupac's premonition about being shot to death, mimicking the sound of the gun with the phrase "rat-a-tat-tat-tat-tat".
When examining the lyrics Shakur address several different problem that have directly affected the African-American community. In the first stanza the War on Drugs[2] is a addressed when he says, "Give crack to the kids who the hell cares"[3] in the same stanza he also adds in how the drugs (crack) was brought to their neighborhoods as well as weapons. He says," First ship 'em dope and let 'em the brothers, Give 'em guns step back watch 'em kill each other".[4] Shakur not only addresses the War on Drugs but as well as the War on Poverty. The majority of the issues that he speaks about in his song are about things that Huey Newton was trying to change. He pays homage to Newton while addressing police brutality and corruption in the government. He says, "It's time to fight back that what Huey said, Two shots in the dark now Huey's dead".[5] Throughout the whole song Shakur is addressing issues that are being created to keep African-Americans oppressed in the United States. He addresses the issue that at the time the U.S was not ready to have a Black President as well as the high incarceration rates for African-Americans.
Two decades later, the song lyrics in which Tupac says, "Let’s change the way we eat, let’s change the way we live, and let’s change the way we treat each other. You see the old way wasn’t workin’, so it’s on us to do what we gotta do to survive," read like a prophetic roadmap to the actions we all need to be taking to survive the current environmental crisis.[6]
The Chris Hafner-directed music video is a compilation of a number of previous music videos Tupac released in addition to home videos and never-before-seen pictures, similar to the format of The Notorious B.I.G.'s "Dead Wrong", also released in 1999.
Accolades[edit]
"Changes" was nominated for Best Rap Solo Performance at the Grammy Awards of 2000 and remains the only posthumous song to be nominated in this category. It was also nominated at the MTV Video Music Award for Best Editing in a Video & Best Rap Video in 1999.
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Charts (1999)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[7] 7
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[8] 6
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[9] 2
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[10] 11
Canada Dance (RPM)[11] 3
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[12] 19
Denmark (Tracklisten)[13] 7
France (SNEP)[14] 39
Germany (Official German Charts)[15] 7
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[16] 1
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[17] 3
Norway (VG-lista)[18] 1
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[19] 3
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[20] 2
UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[21] 1
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[22] 3
US Billboard Hot 100[23] 32
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[24] 12
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[25] 38
Chart (2013)
Peak
position
UK (Official Charts Company)[26]
66
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1999)
Position
Germany (Official German Charts)[27] 20
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[28] 32
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
New Zealand (RMNZ)[29]
Gold 5,000*
Sweden (GLF)[30]
Platinum 30,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[31]
Platinum 600,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Ascap entry for song[permanent dead link] ASCAP, accessed May 1, 2011
Jump up ^ 1941-1998., Carmichael, Stokely, (1992). Black power : the politics of liberation in America. Hamilton, Charles V. (Vintage ed.). New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 0679743138. OCLC 26096713.
Jump up ^ "2Pac | Universal Music Publishing Group". Retrieved 2018-03-24.
Jump up ^ "2Pac | Universal Music Publishing Group". Retrieved 2018-03-24.
Jump up ^ "2Pac | Universal Music Publishing Group". Retrieved 2018-03-24.
Jump up ^ "Tupac's 'Changes': A Climate Change Visionary | SEAL Awards". Retrieved 2018-07-08.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – 2 Pac – Changes". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Austriancharts.at – 2 Pac – Changes" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – 2 Pac – Changes" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ "Ultratop.be – 2 Pac – Changes" (in French). Ultratop 50.
Jump up ^ Dance peak
Jump up ^ Canadian Top Singles peak
Jump up ^ "Danishcharts.com – 2 Pac – Changes". Tracklisten.
Jump up ^ "Lescharts.com – 2 Pac – Changes" (in French). Les classement single.
Jump up ^ "Musicline.de – 2 Pac Single-Chartverfolgung" (in German). Media Control Charts. PhonoNet GmbH.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – 2 Pac" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Charts.nz – 2 Pac – Changes". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Norwegiancharts.com – 2 Pac – Changes". VG-lista.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – 2 Pac – Changes". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Swisscharts.com – 2 Pac – Changes". Swiss Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/r-and-b-singles-chart/19990214/114/
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "2Pac Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "2Pac Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "2Pac Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "2 Pac – Greatest Hits". Ultratop.be (in French). Ultratop & Hung Medien / hitparade.ch. Retrieved December 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved April 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ "End of Year Charts 1999". Recorded Music NZ. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
Jump up ^ THE FIELD id (chart number) MUST BE PROVIDED for NEW ZEALAND CERTIFICATION.
Jump up ^ "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1999" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – 2Pac – Changes". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved November 17, 2017. Select singles in the Format field. Select Platinum in the Certification field. Enter Changes in the search field and then press Enter.
External links[edit]
Music video on MTV.com
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
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Tupac Shakur
Discography
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Death
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Posthumous albums
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Beginnings: The Lost Tapes 1988–1991
Nu-Mixx Klazzics Vol. 2
Best of 2Pac
Related albums
Nothing but Trouble (soundtrack)
Sons of the P
Juice (soundtrack)
Poetic Justice (soundtrack)
Above the Rim (soundtrack)
Gridlock'd (soundtrack)
Gang Related (soundtrack)
A 2Pac Tribute: Dare 2 Struggle
Extended plays
Makaveli & Dillinger Don't Go 2 Sleep
Singles
"Brenda's Got a Baby"
"If My Homie Calls"
"Trapped"
"Holler If Ya Hear Me"
"I Get Around"
"Keep Ya Head Up"
"Papa'z Song"
"Cradle to the Grave"
"Dear Mama"
"So Many Tears"
"Temptations"
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"2 of Amerikaz Most Wanted"
"How Do U Want It"
"All Bout U"
"I Ain't Mad at Cha"
"Life Goes On"
"Toss It Up"
"To Live & Die in LA"
"Hail Mary"
"Wanted Dead or Alive"
"Made Niggaz"
Posthumous singles
"I Wonder If Heaven Got a Ghetto"
"Do for Love"
"Changes"
"Unconditional Love"
"Baby Don't Cry (Keep Ya Head Up II)"
"Who Do U Believe In"
"Until the End of Time"
"Letter 2 My Unborn"
"Thugz Mansion"
"Still Ballin'"
"Runnin' (Dying to Live)"
"One Day at a Time (Em's Version)"
"Thugs Get Lonely Too"
"Ghetto Gospel"
"Untouchable"
"Pac's Life"
"Playa Cardz Right"
Other songs
"I Don't Give a Fuck"
"Runnin' (From tha Police)"
"Hit 'Em Up"
"Are U Still Down"
"Panther Power"
Featured singles
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E.D.I. Mean
Hussein Fatal
Mussolini
Komani
Young Noble
Related articles
Outlawz
Digital Underground
Afeni Shakur
Assata Shakur
Mopreme Shakur
Mutulu Shakur
East Coast-West Coast hip hop rivalry
Makaveli Branded Clothing
Niccolò Machiavelli
Orlando Anderson
Tupac Amaru Shakur Center for the Arts
Billy Garland
Kadafi
All Eyez on Me
Unsolved: The Murders of Tupac and the Notorious B.I.G.
City of Lies
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Changes_(Tupac_Shakur_song)&oldid=852083049"
Categories:
1998 singles
1998 songs
Tupac Shakur songs
Interscope Records singles
Songs about poverty
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https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changes
Changes – Hebrew
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values: Changes (ტუპაკ შაკურის სიმღერა) – Georgian

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https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changes
Changes – Swahili
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https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changes
Changes – Finnish
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