text:
Miracles from Heaven (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Miracles from Heaven
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Patricia Riggen
Produced by
DeVon Franklin
T. D. Jakes
Joe Roth
Written by
Randy Brown
Based on
Miracles from Heaven
by Christy Beam
Starring
Jennifer Garner
Martin Henderson
Kylie Rogers
John Carroll Lynch
Eugenio Derbez
Queen Latifah
Music by
Carlo Siliotto
Cinematography
Checco Varese
Edited by
Emma E. Hickox
Production
companies
Affirm Films
Roth Films
Franklin Entertainment
Distributed by
Columbia Pictures
Release date
February 21, 2016 (2016-02-21) (Dallas)
March 16, 2016 (2016-03-16) (United States)
Running time
109 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget
$13 million[2]
Box office
$73.9 million[3]
Miracles from Heaven is a 2016 American Christian comedy drama film directed by Patricia Riggen and written by Randy Brown. It is based on Miracles from Heaven by Christy Beam, which recounts the true story of her young daughter who had a near-death experience and was later cured of an incurable disease. The film stars Jennifer Garner, Kylie Rogers, Martin Henderson, John Carroll Lynch, Eugenio Derbez, and Queen Latifah. Principal photography began in Atlanta, Georgia, in July 2015. The film was released on March 16, 2016. The movie was financially successful, and although critical reception was mixed, Garner's performance earned general praise.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Filming
4 Soundtrack
5 Release
5.1 Home media
6 Reception
6.1 Box office
6.2 Critical response
6.3 Accolades
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Set in Burleson, Texas, between 2008 and 2012, the film centers on a 10-year-old girl named Annabel Beam, daughter of Christy Beam. One day, Anna starts to vomit, and when examined by her doctor, he does not find anything abnormal. On March 20, 2008, Anna wakes up her family at midnight because of an intense stomach pain, severe enough that her parents decide to take her to the hospital. Doctors find no signs of illness, except to say it could be either acid reflux, or lactose intolerance, but Christy is not convinced by this. The following morning, Christy finally finds a pediatrician in the hospital that is able to diagnose Anna with an abdominal obstruction, and he tells them he must operate immediately or she will die. After the emergency surgery is performed, the doctor explains that Anna has been left with pseudo-obstruction motility disorder and she is unable to eat, so feeding tubes are needed for her nutrition. The doctor then tells the Beams about America's foremost pediatric gastroenterologist, Dr. Nurko, who practices in Boston, but explains it could take months for them to be seen. In January 2009, Christy and Anna travel to Boston despite not having an appointment with the doctor.
Dr. Nurko has a last minute opening, and when Anna is subsequently examined at Boston Children's Hospital, the extent of her chronic illness is found. She then goes through extensive treatment. During this ordeal, Anna and her mother befriend a local Massachusetts resident named Angela, as well as Ben and his sick daughter, Haley.
On December 29, 2011, Anna, along with her bigger sister Abbie, climb up to a very high branch of an old cotton tree. While they are on that branch, it begins to break. Anna goes to the trunk for safety, whereupon stepping on it, she falls in a hole to the base of the tree. When Christy finds out what has happened, she desperately calls her husband, as well as the fire department. Anna is then rescued by the firefighters, who warn Christy to expect the worst by saying that nobody could fall 30 feet without sustaining a serious injury; broken bones or paralysis. Once out, Anna is airlifted to a hospital, where a battery of tests are run on her, and all of the tests come back negative. Other than a minor concussion, Anna is uninjured. . . . Sometime after the fall, Anna seems to no longer be affected by her illness. When Christy and Anna go to an appointment with Dr. Nurko, he tells Christy that Anna is miraculously cured. Anna then recounts with her parents the experience she had during the fall. She describes how her soul left her body during the fall, and God promised that she would be cured of her illness upon her return to Earth. At church, Christy shares the story of how God miraculously healed her daughter with His love. As Christy finishes her speech, one of the congregation protests, stating that she does not believe Christy. Ben, who has traveled from Boston upon hearing the story about Anna, believes her and tells her that his daughter Haley died peacefully because Anna gave her faith when in the hospital.
Cast[edit]
Jennifer Garner as Christy Beam, Anna's mother[4]
Kylie Rogers as Anna Beam[5]
Martin Henderson as Dr. Kevin Beam, Christy's husband and Anna's father[6]
Eugenio Derbez as Dr. Nurko, a pediatric gastroenterologist who is Anna's doctor at the Boston Children's Hospital.[7]
Queen Latifah as Angela, a waitress who befriends Anna and her mother in a restaurant in Boston[8]
Brighton Sharbino as Abbie Beam, the oldest Beam daughter
Courtney Fansler as Adelynn Beam, the youngest Beam daughter
Zach Sale as Dr. Blyth, the first doctor to listen to Christy about her sick daughter
Kelly Collins Lintz as Emmy, a family friend of the Beams
John Carroll Lynch as Reverend Scott, the Senior Pastor of the Beam family's church
Brandon Spink as Billy Snyder, a friend of Anna
Hannah Alligood as Haley, a sick cancer patient who becomes friends with Anna
Wayne Pere as Ben, Haley's father
Bruce Altman as Dr. Burgi, Anna's doctor who is the head of the pediatric division at the hospital in Texas
Suehyla El-Attar as a receptionist at the Boston Children's hospital
The Beam family makes a cameo at the end of the film before the credits.
Production[edit]
On November 10, 2014, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Sony Pictures Entertainment had acquired the film adaptation rights to a faith-based memoir, Miracles From Heaven: A Little Girl, Her Journey to Heaven, and Her Amazing Story of Healing, written by Christy Beam, and hired Randy Brown to write the script.[9] The team behind the studios' 2014 Christian film Heaven Is for Real, T. D. Jakes and Joe Roth, were retained to produce the film along with DeVon Franklin.[9]
On April 8, 2015, the studio hired Patricia Riggen to direct the film.[10] On April 30, 2015, Jennifer Garner was cast to star in the film as Christy Beam.[4] On June 22, 2015, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Queen Latifah was cast as a waitress who befriends Anna and Beam at the Boston Children's Hospital.[8] On the same day, Variety confirmed the casting of Martin Henderson to play the girl's father and Beam's husband.[6]
On June 29, 2015, Kylie Rogers was cast as Beam's sick daughter Anna.[5] On July 17, 2015, Eugenio Derbez was cast to play a character inspired by Children's Hospital specialist Dr. Samuel Nurko, an American-based Mexican pediatric gastroenterologist who eases his young patients' treatment by playing games with them.[7] John Carroll Lynch was also cast in the film for an unspecified role.[11]
Filming[edit]
Principal photography on the film began in Atlanta, Georgia, in July 2015, as Garner was spotted filming on July 8.[12] Filming was subsequently confirmed by various sources, together with announcements that David R. Sandefur and Emma E. Hickox had been appointed as production designer and editor, respectively.[11][13] On August 2, 2015, Latifah and Garner were spotted on the set of film in Atlanta.[14]
Soundtrack[edit]
The Miracles from Heaven soundtrack features songs from Howie Day, George Harrison, Clayton Anderson, Third Day and others.[15] The southern Christian rock band Third Day made a cameo as the church worship band.[16]
No.
Title
Music
Length
1. "Soul on Fire" Third Day
2. "Right Where I Belong" Clayton Anderson
3. "Collide" Howie Day
4. "Your Words" Third Day
5. "Here Comes the Sun" Cam
Release[edit]
On May 11, 2015, the film was scheduled for a March 18, 2016 release by Columbia Pictures. On January 10, it was moved up to March 16.[17] The film held its world premiere on February 21, 2016 in Dallas, Texas.[18]
Home media[edit]
Miracles from Heaven was released on Digital Media on June 21, 2016, and was followed by a DVD, Blu-ray, and 4K Ultra HD release on July 12, 2016, from AFFIRM Films and Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.[19][20] The film debuted in second place on the home video sales chart behind The Divergent Series: Allegiant for the week ending on July 17, 2016.[21]
Reception[edit]
Box office[edit]
Miracles from Heaven grossed $61.7 million in North America and $12.2 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $73.9 million, against a budget of $13 million.[3]
The film grossed $1.9 million on its first day, finishing second at the box office behind Zootopia ($4.6 million).[22] The film had an $18 million Wednesday-to-Sunday gross, including $14.8 million in its opening weekend, finishing third at the box office behind Zootopia ($37.2 million) and The Divergent Series: Allegiant ($29 million).[23]
On its opening weekend in the United Kingdom, Miracles from Heaven grossed $29 thousand, dropping to $231 by week four.[24]
Critical response[edit]
Miracles from Heaven received generally mixed reviews from critics, with Garner's performance receiving praise. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 43%, based on 87 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's consensus reads, "Miracles from Heaven makes the most out of an outstanding performance from Jennifer Garner, but it isn't quite enough to keep this faith-based drama from preaching to the choir."[25] On Metacritic the film has a score of 44 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale.[22]
Accolades[edit]
Association
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref.
People's Choice Awards Favorite Dramatic Movie Miracles from Heaven Nominated [27]
Teen Choice Awards Choice Movie: Drama Miracles from Heaven Won [28]
Choice Movie Actress: Drama Jennifer Garner Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "AMC Theatres: Miracles from Heaven". AMC Theatres. Retrieved February 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Lang, Brent. "Box Office: 'Allegiant' Opening Falling Short of Other 'Divergent' Films". Variety. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Miracles from Heaven (2016)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Kroll, Justin (April 30, 2015). "Jennifer Garner to Star in 'Miracles From Heaven' for Sony (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Kit, Borys (June 29, 2015). "'Whispers' Actress Joins Jennifer Garner in 'Miracles from Heaven' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Kroll, Justin (June 22, 2015). "Martin Henderson Joins Jennifer Garner in 'Miracles From Heaven'". Variety. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Hopewell, John (July 17, 2015). "Platino Awards: Eugenio Derbez Joins 'Miracles From Heaven'". Variety. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Siegel, Tatiana; Kit, Borys (June 22, 2015). "Queen Latifah to Star in Sony's 'Miracles From Heaven' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Kit, Borys (November 10, 2014). "'Heaven Is for Real' Producers Reteam for Sony's 'Miracles From Heaven' (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (April 8, 2015). "Sony's 'Miracles From Heaven' Adaptation Finds Director (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "MIRACLES FROM HEAVEN Starring Jennifer Garner, Martin Henderson, Kylie Rogers, Eugenio Derbez & Queen Latifah Begins Filming in Atlanta". PR Newswire. July 17, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Jennifer Garner dons brighter look in yellow cardigan and polka dot dress as she gets back to work on faith-based film after split". Daily Mail. July 8, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "On the Set for 7/13/15: Jennifer Garner Begins Shooting Miracles from Heaven, Michael Bay Wraps 13 Hours & Doug Liman Calls Cut on Mena". ssninsider.com. July 13, 2015. Retrieved July 14, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Queen Latifah and Jennifer Garner on the Miracles from Heaven Set". comingsoon.net. August 2, 2015. Retrieved August 4, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Miracles from Heaven". IMDb. 16 March 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "'Miracles From Heaven': Film Review". IMDb. Retrieved 9 June 2016.
Jump up ^ Busch, Anita (May 11, 2015). "'Miracles From Heaven' To Release In Time For Easter From Sony". Deadline.com. Retrieved July 15, 2015.
Jump up ^ Atlas, Darla (February 22, 2016). "Jennifer Garner Opens Up About Faith and Family Following the Premiere of Miracles from Heaven". People.com. Retrieved October 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ Miracles From Heaven Coming Soon on Home Media Christian Cinema, May 24, 2016
Jump up ^ Silas Lesnick (July 21, 2016). "July 12, 2016: This Week on Blu-ray, DVD and Digital HD". Comingsoon.net. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ John Latchem (July 21, 2016). "'Allegiant' Debuts Atop Disc Sales Charts". Variety. Retrieved July 21, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Miracles From Heaven' Opens Wednesday With A+ CinemaScore". deadline.com.
Jump up ^ Scott Mendelson (March 20, 2016). "Weekend Box Office: 'Divergent: Allegiant' Crumbles, 'Miracles From Heaven' Nabs Divine Debut". Forbes. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
Jump up ^ [1] Box Office Mojo
Jump up ^ "Miracles from Heaven (2016)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Miracles from Heaven reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved March 18, 2016.
Jump up ^ "People's Choice Awards Nominees 2017 – Full List". Deadline. November 15, 2016. Retrieved November 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ Goodman, Jessica (August 1, 2016). "Teen Choice Awards 2016: See the full list of winners". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
External links[edit]
Official website
Christy Beam
Miracles from Heaven on IMDb
Miracles from Heaven at the TCM Movie Database
Miracles from Heaven at History vs. Hollywood
[hide]
v
t
e
Films directed by Patricia Riggen
Under the Same Moon (2007)
Lemonade Mouth (2011)
Girl in Progress (2012)
The 33 (2015)
Miracles from Heaven (2016)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Miracles_from_Heaven_(film)&oldid=842092016"
Categories:
2016 films
English-language films
2010s drama films
American drama films
American films
Columbia Pictures films
Affirm Films films
Drama films based on actual events
Films about children
Films about Christianity
Films about diseases
Films about Evangelicalism
Films based on non-fiction books
Films directed by Patricia Riggen
Films produced by Joe Roth
Films set in 2011
Films set in Texas
Films shot in Atlanta
Heaven and hell films
Heaven in popular culture
Near-death experiences
Hidden categories:
Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
العربية
Čeština
Español
فارسی
Français
Galego
한국어
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
日本語
Português
Українська
中文
4 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 20 May 2018, at 05:10.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: th

attrs: colspan class style

value: tr

value: img

attrs: alt src width height class data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

value: td

attrs: colspan style

attrs: scope style

attrs: href title

value: li

values:
/wiki/Acid_reflux
mw-redirect
Acid reflux

values:
/wiki/Intestinal_pseudoobstruction
mw-redirect
Intestinal pseudoobstruction

values:
/wiki/Sony_Pictures_Entertainment
mw-redirect
Sony Pictures Entertainment

values: background: #FDD; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie – Drama

values: background: #99FF99; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;

values: Teen Choice Award for Choice TV Actress Drama

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
http://www.christybeam.com/
external text

values:
nofollow
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4257926/
external text

attrs: alt src width height style srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:Drama films based on actual events

values: Category:Films based on non-fiction books

values: Category:Films directed by Patricia Riggen

values: Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Miracles_from_Heaven_(film)
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: معجزات من الجنة (فيلم) – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values: معجزه‌هایی از بهشت (فیلم) – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values: 미라클 프롬 헤븐 – Korean

values: Miracles from Heaven (film) – Indonesian

values: 天国からの奇跡 – Japanese

values: Чудеса з небес (фільм) – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: 來自天堂的奇蹟 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Miracles_from_Heaven_film rootpage-Miracles_from_Heaven_film skin-vector action-view


text:
Thirst
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Thirst (disambiguation).
"Thirsty" redirects here. For other uses, see Thirsty (disambiguation).
William-Adolphe Bouguereau's Thirst (1886)
Thirst is the craving for fluids, resulting in the basic instinct of animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance. It arises from a lack of fluids or an increase in the concentration of certain osmolites, such as salt. If the water volume of the body falls below a certain threshold or the osmolite concentration becomes too high, the brain signals thirst.
Continuous dehydration can cause many problems, but is most often associated with renal problems and neurological problems such as seizures. Excessive thirst, known as polydipsia, along with excessive urination, known as polyuria, may be an indication of diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.
There are receptors and other systems in the body that detect a decreased volume or an increased osmolite concentration. They signal to the central nervous system, where central processing succeeds. Some sources,[1] therefore, distinguish "extracellular thirst" from "intracellular thirst", where extracellular thirst is thirst generated by decreased volume and intracellular thirst is thirst generated by increased osmolite concentration. Nevertheless, the craving itself is something generated from central processing in the brain, no matter how it is detected.
Contents
[hide]
1 Detection
1.1 Decreased volume
1.1.1 Renin-angiotensin system
1.1.2 Others
1.2 Cellular dehydration and osmoreceptor stimulation
1.3 Salt craving
1.4 Elderly
2 Neurophysiology
3 See also
4 References
5 Further reading
Detection[edit]
It is vital for organisms to be able to maintain their fluid levels in very narrow ranges. The goal is to keep the interstitial fluid, the fluid outside the cell, at the same concentration as the intracellular fluid, fluid inside the cell. This condition is called isotonic and occurs when the same level of solutes are present on either side of the cell membrane so that the net water movement is zero. If the interstitial fluid has a higher concentration of solutes than the intracellular fluid it will pull water out of the cell. This condition is called hypertonic and if enough water leaves the cell it will not be able to perform essential chemical functions. If the interstitial fluid becomes less concentrated the cell will fill with water as it tries to equalize the concentrations. This condition is called hypotonic and can be dangerous because it can cause the cell to swell and rupture. One set of receptors responsible for thirst detects the concentration of interstitial fluid. The other set of receptors detects blood volume.[medical citation needed]
Decreased volume[edit]
Further information: Hypovolemia
This is one of two types of thirst and is defined as thirst caused by loss of blood volume (hypovolemia) without depleting the intracellular fluid. This can be caused by blood loss, vomiting, and diarrhea. This loss of volume is problematic because if the total blood volume falls too low the heart cannot circulate blood effectively and the eventual result is hypovolemic shock. The vascular system responds by constricting blood vessels thereby creating a smaller volume for the blood to fill. This mechanical solution however has definite limits and usually must be supplemented with increased volume. The loss of blood volume is detected by cells in the kidneys and triggers thirst for both water and salt via the renin-angiotensin system.[2][3]
Renin-angiotensin system[edit]
Hypovolemia leads to activation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and is detected by cells in the kidney. When these cells detect decreased blood flow due to the low volume they secrete an enzyme called renin. Renin then enters the blood where it catalyzes a protein called angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then almost immediately converted by an enzyme already present in the blood to the active form of the protein, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II then travels in the blood until it reaches the posterior pituitary gland and the adrenal cortex, where it causes a cascade effect of hormones that cause the kidneys to retain water and sodium, increasing blood pressure.[1] It is also responsible for the initiation of drinking behavior and salt appetite via the subfornical organ.[4]
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Others[edit]
Arterial baroreceptors sense a decreased arterial pressure, and signals to the central nervous system in the area postrema[4] and nucleus tractus solitarii.[4]
Cardiopulmonary receptors sense a decreased blood volume, and signal to area postrema[4] and nucleus tractus solitarii[4] as well.
Cellular dehydration and osmoreceptor stimulation[edit]
Main article: Osmoreceptor
Osmometric thirst occurs when the solute concentration of the interstitial fluid increases. This increase draws water out of the cells, and they shrink in volume. The solute concentration of the interstitial fluid increases by high intake of sodium in diet or by the drop in volume of extracellular fluids (such as blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid) due to loss of water through perspiration, respiration, urination and defecation. The increase in interstitial fluid solute concentration causes water to migrate from the cells of the body, through their membranes, to the extracellular compartment, by osmosis, thus causing cellular dehydration.[medical citation needed]
Clusters of cells (osmoreceptors) in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and subfornical organ (SFO), which lie outside of the blood brain barrier can detect the concentration of blood plasma and the presence of angiotensin II in the blood. They can then activate the median preoptic nucleus which initiates water seeking and ingestive behavior.[1] Destruction of this part of the hypothalamus in humans and other animals results in partial or total loss of desire to drink even with extremely high salt concentration in the extracellular fluids.[5][6]
Imidazolium salt
In addition, there are visceral osmoreceptors.[4] These project to the area postrema[4] and nucleus tractus solitarii[4] in the brain.
Salt craving[edit]
Because sodium is also lost from the plasma in hypovolemia, the body's need for salt proportionately increases in addition to thirst in such cases.[1] This is also a result of the renin-angiotensin system activation.[medical citation needed]
Elderly[edit]
In adults over the age of 50 years, the body's thirst sensation reduces and continues diminishing with age, putting this population at increased risk of dehydration.[7] Several studies have demonstrated that elderly persons have lower total water intakes than younger adults, and that women are particularly at risk of too low an intake.[8][9][10] In 2009, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) included water as a macronutrient in its dietary reference values for the first time.[11] Recommended intake volumes in the elderly are the same as for younger adults (2.0 L/day for females and 2.5 L/day for males) as despite lower energy consumption, the water requirement of this group is increased due to a reduction in renal concentrating capacity.[11][12]
Neurophysiology[edit]
The areas of the brain that contribute to the sense of thirst are mainly located in the midbrain and the hindbrain. Specifically, the hypothalamus appears to play a key role in the regulation of thirst.
The area postrema and nucleus tractus solitarii signal to the subfornical organ and to the lateral parabrachial nucleus.[4] The latter signaling relies on the neurotransmitter serotonin.[4] The signal from the lateral parabrachial nucleus is relayed to the median preoptic nucleus.[4]
The median preoptic nucleus and the subfornical organ receive signals of decreased volume [clarification needed] and increased osmolite concentration. Finally, the signals are received in cortex areas of the forebrain[4] where ultimately the conscious craving arises. The subfornical organ and the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis contribute to regulating the overall bodily fluid balance by signalling to the hypothalamus to form vasopressin, which is later released by the pituitary gland.[additional citation(s) needed]
See also[edit]
Drought
Hunger (motivational state)
World Water Day
Adipsia
Food portal
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thirst.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Carlson, N. R. (2005). "Foundations of Physiological Psychology: Custom edition for SUNY Buffalo". Boston: Pearson Custom Publishing.
Jump up ^ Carlson, Neil R. (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson. pp. 397–400. ISBN 978-0-205-23981-8.
Jump up ^ Carlson, Neil (2013). Physiology of Behavior. New Jersey: Pearson. pp. 394–402. ISBN 0-205-23939-0.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l M. J. McKinley; A. K. Johnson (2004). "The Physiological Regulation of Thirst and Fluid Intake". News in Physiological Sciences. 19 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1152/nips.01470.2003. PMID 14739394. Retrieved 2006-06-02.
Jump up ^ Derek A. Denton (8 June 2006). The primordial emotions: the dawning of consciousness. Oxford University Press. pp. 118–19. ISBN 978-0-19-920314-7.
Jump up ^ Walter F. Boron (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 872
Jump up ^ Fish LC, Minaker, KL, Rowe JW. "Altered thirst threshold during hypertonic stress in aging man". Gerontologist;; 1985;25:A1189.
Jump up ^ Ferry M, Hininger-Favier I, Sidobre B and Mathey MF. "Food and fluid intake of the SENECA population residing in Romans, France". The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging 2001;5:235-7.
Jump up ^ Haveman-Nies A, de Groot LC and Van Staveren WA. "Fluid intake of elderly Europeans". The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging 1997;1:151-5.
Jump up ^ Volkert D, Kreuel K, Stehle P. Fluid intake of community-living, independent elderly in Germany - a nationwide, representative study. The Journal of Nutrition Health and Aging. 2005;9:305-9.
^ Jump up to: a b "EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA)". EFSA Journal 2010;8(3):1459.
Jump up ^ IoM (Institute of Medicine), 2004. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.
Further reading[edit]
"Scientists Identify Thirst-Controlling Neurons". National Institutes of Health (NIH). Retrieved 2016-02-11.
[show]
v
t
e
Physiology of the kidneys and acid-base physiology
Renal function
Secretion
clearance
Pharmacokinetics
Clearance of medications
Urine flow rate
Reabsorption
Solvent drag
sodium
chloride
urea
glucose
oligopeptides
protein
Renal function
Glomerular filtration rate
Creatinine clearance
Renal clearance ratio
Urea reduction ratio
Kt/V
Standardized Kt/V
Measures of dialysis
Hemodialysis product
PAH clearance (Effective renal plasma flow
Extraction ratio)
Filtration
Renal blood flow
Ultrafiltration
Countercurrent exchange
Filtration fraction
Hormones
Antidiuretic hormone
Aldosterone
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Renin
Erythropoietin
Calcitriol
Prostaglandins
Acid-base balance
Fluid balance
Darrow Yannet diagram
Body water: Intracellular fluid/Cytosol
Extracellular fluid
(Interstitial fluid
Plasma
Transcellular fluid)
Base excess
Davenport diagram
Anion gap
Arterial blood gas
Winters' formula
Buffering
Bicarbonate buffer system
Respiratory compensation
Renal compensation
Other
Fractional sodium excretion
BUN-to-creatinine ratio
Tubuloglomerular feedback
Natriuresis
Urine
[show]
v
t
e
Medicine
Outline
History
Specialties
and
subspecialties
Surgery
Cardiac surgery
Cardiothoracic surgery
Colorectal surgery
Eye surgery
General surgery
Neurosurgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Orthopedic surgery
Hand surgery
Otolaryngology (ENT)
Pediatric surgery
Plastic surgery
Reproductive surgery
Surgical oncology
Thoracic surgery
Transplant surgery
Trauma surgery
Urology
Andrology
Vascular surgery
Internal medicine
Allergy / Immunology
Angiology
Cardiology
Endocrinology
Gastroenterology
Hepatology
Geriatrics
Hematology
Hospital medicine
Infectious disease
Nephrology
Oncology
Pulmonology
Rheumatology
Obstetrics and gynaecology
Gynaecology
Gynecologic oncology
Maternal–fetal medicine
Obstetrics
Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
Urogynecology
Diagnostic
Radiology
Interventional radiology
Nuclear medicine
Pathology
Anatomical pathology
Clinical pathology
Clinical chemistry
Clinical immunology
Cytopathology
Medical microbiology
Transfusion medicine
Other specialties
Addiction medicine
Adolescent medicine
Anesthesiology
Dermatology
Disaster medicine
Diving medicine
Emergency medicine
Mass-gathering medicine
Family medicine
General practice
Hospital medicine
Intensive-care medicine
Medical genetics
Neurology
Clinical neurophysiology
Occupational medicine
Ophthalmology
Oral medicine
Pain management
Palliative care
Pediatrics
Neonatology
Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R)
Preventive medicine
Psychiatry
Public health
Radiation oncology
Reproductive medicine
Sexual medicine
Sleep medicine
Sports medicine
Transplantation medicine
Tropical medicine
Travel medicine
Venereology
Medical education
Medical school
Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
Bachelor of Medical Sciences
Master of Medicine
Master of Surgery
Doctor of Medicine
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
MD–PhD
Related topics
Allied health
Dentistry
Podiatry
Physiotherapy
Nanomedicine
Molecular oncology
Personalized medicine
Veterinary medicine
Physician
Chief physician
History of medicine
Book
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thirst&oldid=821883460"
Categories:
Food and drink
Thirst
Effects of external causes
Body water
Social justice
Hidden categories:
All articles with unsourced statements
Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016
Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2016
All articles needing additional references
Articles needing additional references from September 2016
Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters
Pages using Columns-list with deprecated parameters
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Avañe'ẽ
Беларуская
Български
Català
Čeština
ChiShona
Deutsch
Eesti
Emiliàn e rumagnòl
Español
Esperanto
فارسی
Français
गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni
한국어
Հայերեն
हिन्दी
Italiano
עברית
ಕನ್ನಡ
Latina
Македонски
മലയാളം
Nederlands
Occitan
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
Polski
Português
Română
Runa Simi
Русский
Scots
Simple English
Slovenčina
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
粵語
Zazaki
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 23 January 2018, at 04:44.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Thirst_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Thirst (disambiguation)

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

values:
/wiki/Thirsty_(disambiguation)
mw-disambig
Thirsty (disambiguation)

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: i

attrs: class style

value: b

values:
/wiki/Sensory_receptor
mw-redirect
Sensory receptor

values: Material near this tag needs references to reliable medical sources. (February 2016)

values: Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)

values:
noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact
white-space:nowrap;

values:
/wiki/Renin_angiotensin_system
mw-redirect
Renin angiotensin system

values:
/wiki/Angiotensin_I
mw-redirect
Angiotensin I

values:
/wiki/Angiotensin_II
mw-redirect
Angiotensin II

values:
/wiki/Posterior_pituitary_gland
mw-redirect
Posterior pituitary gland

values:
/wiki/Nucleus_tractus_solitarii
mw-redirect
Nucleus tractus solitarii

values:
/wiki/Cardiopulmonary_receptor
mw-redirect
Cardiopulmonary receptor

values: Edit section: Cellular dehydration and osmoreceptor stimulation

values: Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis

values: Visceral osmoreceptor (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Lateral_parabrachial_nucleus
mw-redirect
Lateral parabrachial nucleus

values: The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (September 2016)

values:
noprint Inline-Template
margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;

values: This claim needs additional references to reliable sources. (September 2016)

values: div-col columns column-count column-count-2

values: -moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;

values: display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle

values: margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1152%2Fnips.01470.2003

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739394

values:
/wiki/Acid-base_physiology
mw-redirect
Acid-base physiology

values:
/wiki/Clearance_(medicine)
mw-redirect
Clearance (medicine)

values:
/wiki/Glomerular_filtration_rate
mw-redirect
Glomerular filtration rate

values:
/wiki/Creatinine_clearance
mw-redirect
Creatinine clearance

values:
/wiki/Measures_of_dialysis
mw-redirect
Measures of dialysis

values:
/wiki/Acid-base_homeostasis
mw-redirect
Acid-base homeostasis

values:
/wiki/Interstitial_fluid
mw-redirect
Interstitial fluid

values:
/wiki/Arterial_blood_gas
mw-redirect
Arterial blood gas

values:
/wiki/Fractional_sodium_excretion
mw-redirect
Fractional sodium excretion

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
font-weight:bold; text-align:left;

values:
/wiki/Thoracic_surgery
mw-redirect
Thoracic surgery

values: Reproductive endocrinology and infertility

values:
/wiki/Clinical_immunology
mw-redirect
Clinical immunology

values:
/wiki/Mass-gathering_medicine
mw-redirect
Mass-gathering medicine

values:
/wiki/Intensive-care_medicine
mw-redirect
Intensive-care medicine

values:
/wiki/Preventive_medicine
mw-redirect
Preventive medicine

values:
/wiki/Radiation_oncology
mw-redirect
Radiation oncology

values:
/wiki/Transplantation_medicine
mw-redirect
Transplantation medicine

values: Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery

values:
/wiki/Allied_health
mw-redirect
Allied health

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values: Category:All articles with unsourced statements

values: Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2016

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September 2016

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2016

values: Category:Pages using div col without cols and colwidth parameters

values: Category:Pages using Columns-list with deprecated parameters

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Thirst
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Thirst&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uh%C3%A9i
Uhéi – Guarani
gn
gn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyota
Nyota – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durst
Durst – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janu
Janu – Estonian
et
et
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%93
Sē – Emiliano-Romagnolo
eml
eml
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sed
Sed – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soifo
Soifo – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soif
Soif – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan
Tan – Goan Konkani
gom
gom
interlanguage-link-target

values: प्यास – Hindi

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sete
Sete – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values: ಬಾಯಾರಿಕೆ – Kannada

values:
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitis
Sitis – Latin
la
la
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set
Set – Occitan
oc
oc
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chanqash
Chanqash – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sede
Sede – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sete
Sete – Romanian
ro
ro
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakunayay
Yakunayay – Quechua
qu
qu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirst
Thirst – Scots
sco
sco
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sm%C3%A4d
Smäd – Slovak
sk
sk
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanaang
Hanaang – Sundanese
su
su
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jano
Jano – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values: தாகம் – Tamil

values: దాహము – Telugu

values: ความกระหาย – Thai

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susamak
Susamak – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Thirst rootpage-Thirst skin-vector action-view


text:
Southern African Development Community
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Communauté de développement d'Afrique australe (French)
Comunidade para o Desenvolvimento da África Austral (Portuguese)
Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap (Afrikaans)
Flag
Logo
Motto: "Towards a Common Future"
Anthem: "SADC Anthem"
Map of Africa indicating SADC (light green) and SADC+SACU (dark green) members.
Headquarters
Gaborone, Botswana
Working languages
English
French
Portuguese
Afrikaans (de facto)
Type
Intergovernmental
Membership
16 states[show]
Angola
Botswana
Comoros
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Seychelles
South Africa
Swaziland
Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Leaders
• Summit Chairperson
Cyril Ramaphosa
• Council Chairperson
Lindiwe Sisulu
• SADC PF Chairperson
Abdool Ameen
• Tribunal
President
Ariranga Pillay
• Executive Secretary
Stergomena Tax
Legislature
SADC Parliamentary Forum
Establishment
• as SADCC
1 April 1980
• as SADC
17 August 1992
Area
• Total
9,882,959 km2 (3,815,832 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate
277 million
GDP (PPP)
2013 estimate
• Total
US$ 1,193 billion
• Per capita
4,309
Time zone
(UTC+1 to +4)
Website
www.sadc.int
The Southern African Development Community (SADC) is an inter-governmental organization headquartered in Gaborone, Botswana. Its goal is to further socio-economic cooperation and integration as well as political and security cooperation among 16 southern African states.[1]
Contents
1 Member states
2 History
3 Protocols
4 SADC FTA
5 Challenges facing member countries
6 Structure and decision-making procedures
7 Leaders
7.1 Chairperson
7.2 Executive Secretaries
8 Comparison with other regional blocs
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Member states[edit]
African Union
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
the African Union
Institutions[show]
Casablanca Group
Union of African States
Organisation of African Unity
African Economic Community
African Unification Front
Executive[show]
Assembly
Chairperson
Commission
Chairperson
Conference and Events
Peace & Sec.
Pol. Affairs
Infra. & Energy
Soc. Affairs
HR, Sci., & Tech.
Trade and Industry
Rural Econ. & Agri.
Economic
Legal Counsel
Executive Council
Rep. Committee
Legislature[show]
Pan-African Parliament
President
Bureau
Secretariat
List of members
Permanent Committees
Rural Econ., Agri., Resources, Environ.
Monetary & Financial
Trade, Customs, & Immigration
Cooperation, IR, & Conflict
Transport, Industry, Communications,
Energy, Science, & Tech.
Health, Labour, & Social
Educ., Culture, Tourism, & HR
Gender, Family, Youth, Disabilities
Justice & Rights
Rules, Privileges, & Discipline
Judiciary[show]
Sirte Declaration
Constitutive Act of the AU
Law
Charter on Rights
Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
Justice and Human Rights
Court of Justice
Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
List of judges
Advisory bodies[show]
Peace and Security Council
Economic, Social and Cultural Council
Specialised Technical Committees
Rural Econ., Agri.
Monetary & Financial
Trade, Customs, and Immigration
Industry, Sci. & Tech., Energy, Natural Resources, & Environment
Transport, Comm., Tourism
Health, Labor, Social
Edu., Culture, & Human Resources
Financial bodies[hide]
AEC Pillars (Abuja Treaty)
CEN-SAD
COMESA
EAC
ECCAS/CEEAC
CEMAC
ECOWAS
UEMOA
WAMZ
IGAD
SADC
SACU
AMU/UMA
African Central Bank
African Monetary Union
African Investment Bank
New Partnership for Africa's Development
African Peer Review Mechanism
Decentralised bodies[show]
Agencies of the AU
Related topics[show]
Enlargement
Foreign relations
TerrAfrica partnership
Other countries
Atlas
v
t
e
SADC has 16 member states:[2]
Member states surface area and populations[3]
Country
Area
(km2)
Population
Notes on Membership
Angola 1 246 700 25 646 166
Botswana 582 000 2 024 904
Comoros[4][5] 2 235 575 660 Since 20 August 2017
Democratic Republic of the Congo 2 344 858 78 736 153 Since 8 September 1997
Lesotho 30 355 1 741 406
Madagascar 587 295 12 238 914 membership reinstated on 30 January 2014 [6] after an imposed suspension in 2009
Malawi 118 484 13 077 160
Mauritius 1 969 1 237 000 since 28 August 1995
Mozambique 801 590 20 252 223
Namibia 824 268 2 104 900 since 21 March 1990 (since independence)
Seychelles 456 90 945 also previously a member of SADC from 8 September 1997 until 1 July 2004 then joined again in 2008.
South Africa 1 221 037 56 000 000 since 30 August 1994
Swaziland 17 363 844 223
Tanzania 947 303 44 928 923
Zambia 752 612 13 046 508
Zimbabwe 390 757 12 973 808
The Union of Comoros was admitted into SADC at the 37th SADC Summit of Heads of State and Government held in Pretoria, South Africa in 2017, bringing the total number of Member States to 16.[7] Additionally, Burundi has requested to join.[8]
History[edit]
The origins of SADC lie in the 1960s and 1970s, when the leaders of majority-ruled countries and national liberation movements coordinated their political, diplomatic and military struggles to bring an end to colonial and white-minority rule in southern Africa. The immediate forerunner of the political and security cooperation leg of today's SADC was the informal Frontline States (FLS) grouping. It was formed in 1980.
The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) was the forerunner of the socio-economic cooperation leg of today's SADC. The adoption by nine majority-ruled southern African countries of the Lusaka declaration on 1 April 1980 paved the way for the formal establishment of SADCC in April 1980.
Membership of the FLS and SADCC sometimes differed.
SADCC was transformed into SADC on 17 August 1992, with the adoption by the founding members of SADCC and newly independent Namibia of the Windhoek declaration and treaty establishing SADC. The 1992 SADC provided for both socio-economic cooperation and political and security cooperation. In reality, the FLS was dissolved only in 1994, after South Africa's first democratic elections. Subsequent efforts to place political and security cooperation on a firm institutional footing under SADC's umbrella failed.
On 14 August 2001, the 1992 SADC treaty was amended. The amendment heralded the overhaul of the structures, policies and procedures of SADC, a process which is ongoing. One of the changes is that political and security cooperation is institutionalised in the Organ on Politics, Defence and Security (OPDS). One of the principal SADC bodies, it is subject to the oversight of the organisation's supreme body, the Summit, which comprises the heads of state or government.
The organisation holds its own multi-sport event in the form of the SADC Games, which was first held in 2004 in Maputo. Originally planned for an earlier date in Malawi and Lesotho, organisational issues led to abandonment of the plan and the SADC issuing a fine of $100,000 against Malawi.[9] The first event in 2004 in Maputo resulted in over 1000 youths under-20 from 10 countries taking part in a sports programme including athletics, football, netball, boxing and basketball.[10]
Protocols[edit]
SADC has 27 legally binding protocols dealing with issues such as Defence, Development, Illicit Drug Trade, Free Trade and Movement of People.[11]
Protocol on Energy (1996) – Intended to promote harmonious development of national energy policies. These development strategies set out tangible objectives for SADC and its Member States for infrastructure development in energy and its subsectors of woodfuel, petroleum and natural gas, electricity, goal, renewable energy, and energy efficiency and conservation.[12]
Protocol on Gender and Development – Member states are urged to accelerate implementation efforts towards the achievements of concrete and transformative changes in the lives of women and girls in our region.H.E. President Mutharika also expressed concern on the escalating incidents of gender based violence in the region, especially those perpetrated against women and girls, and used this occasion to sign a commitment to end child marriages, as part of the AU campaign to end Child Marriages in Africa.[13]
Protocol on Politics, Defence and Security Co-operation (2001) - Intended to foster regional security and defence cooperation, promote peace, political stability and conflict-management. The protocol initiated also an institutional reform of the SADC's Organ for Politics, Defence and Security (OPDS).[14]
SADC FTA[edit]
The SADC Free Trade Area was established in August 2008, after the implementation of the SADC Protocol on Trade in 2000 laid the foundation for its formation.[15][16] Its original members were Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe,[17] with Malawi and Seychelles joining later. Of the 15 SADC member states, only Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo are not yet participating.[18] The SADC-Customs Union, scheduled to be established by 2010 according to SADC's Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP), is unlikely to become reality in the near future. This is because the European Union's Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA) with their inherent extra-regional freetrade regimes provided for several SADC members more benefits than deeper regional market integration within the framework of a SADC-Customs Union. Since these SADC countries formed four different groupings to negotiate and implement different Economic Partnership Agreements with European Union, the chance to establish a SADC-wide common external tariff as prerequsite for a regional customs union is missed.[19]
On Wednesday 22 October 2008, SADC joined with the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa and the East African Community to form the African Free Trade Zone, including all members of each of the organizations. The leaders of the three trading blocs agreed to create a single free trade zone, the African Free Trade Zone, consisting of 26 countries with a GDP of an estimated $624bn (£382.9bn). It is hoped the African Free Trade Zone agreement would ease access to markets within the zone and end problems arising from the fact that several of the member countries belong to multiple groups.[20]
The African Free Trade Zone effective has been more than a hundred years in the making—a trade zone spanning the whole African continent from Cape to Cairo and envisioned by Cecil Rhodes and other British imperialists in the 1890s. The only difference is that the African Free Trade Zone is the creation of independent African Countries. The idea is a free trade zone spanning the whole continent from the Cape to Cairo (Cape Town in the Republic of South Africa to Cairo in Egypt).
In addition to eliminating duplicative membership and the problem member states also participating in other regional economic cooperation schemes and regional political and security cooperation schemes that may compete with or undermine each other, the African Free Trade Zone further aims to strengthen the bloc's bargaining power when negotiating international deals.
Challenges facing member countries[edit]
SADC countries face many social, development, economic, trade, education, health, diplomatic, defence, security and political challenges. Some of these challenges cannot be tackled effectively by individual members. Cattle diseases and organised-crime gangs know no boundaries. War in one country can suck in its neighbours and damage their economies. The sustainable development that trade could bring is threatened by the existence of different product standards and tariff regimes, weak customs infrastructure and bad roads. The socio-economic and political and security cooperation aims of SADC are equally wide-ranging, and intended to address the various common challenges.[21]
One significant challenge is that member states also participate in other regional economic cooperation schemes and regional political and security cooperation schemes that may compete with or undermine SADC's aims. For example, South Africa and Botswana both belong to the Southern Africa Customs Union, Zambia is a part of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, and Tanzania is a member of the East African Community.
According to Human Rights Watch, "SADC has been criticized for its laxity on making human rights compliance within its member states a priority".[22]
Structure and decision-making procedures[edit]
The organisation has six principal bodies:
The Summit, comprising heads of state or heads of government
Organ on Politics, Defence and Security
Council of Ministers
SADC Tribunal
SADC National Committees (SNCs)
Secretariat
Except for the Tribunal (based in Windhoek, Namibia), SNCs and Secretariat, decision-making is by consensus.
Leaders[edit]
SADC headquarters building in Gaborone, Botswana.
Chairperson[edit]
Country
Chairperson
Term
Zambia Edgar Chagwa Lungu 2015- South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa 2017–
Democratic Republic of the Congo Joseph Kabila 2009–2010
Namibia Hage Geingob 2010–2011
Angola João Lourenço 2011–2012
Mozambique Filipe Nyusi 2012–2013
Malawi Joyce Banda
Peter Mutharika 2013–31 May 2014
31 May–17 August 2014
Zimbabwe Emmerson Mnangagwa 2017–
Botswana Ian Khama 2015–2016
Swaziland King Mswati III 2016-2017
South Africa Jacob Zuma
Cyril Ramaphosa 2017–2018
2018–present
Executive Secretaries[edit]
Country
Name
Term
Namibia Kaire Mbuende 1994–2000
Mauritius Prega Ramsamy 2000–2001 (Acting)
2001–2005
Mozambique Tomaz Salomão 2005–2013
Tanzania Stergomena Tax 2013–present
Comparison with other regional blocs[edit]
African Economic Community
Pillars
regional
blocs (REC)1 Area (km²) Population GDP (PPP) ($US) Member
states
in millions per capita
AEC 29,910,442 853,520,010 2,053,706 2,406 54
ECOWAS 5,112,903 349,154,000 1,322,452 3,888 15
ECCAS 6,667,421 121,245,958 175,928 1,451 11
SADC 9,882,959 233,944,179 737,335 3,152 15
EAC 2,440,409 169,519,847 411,813 2,429 6
COMESA 12,873,957 406,102,471 735,599 1,811 20
IGAD 5,233,604 187,969,775 225,049 1,197 7
Other
African
blocs Area (km²) Population GDP (PPP) ($US) Member
states
in millions per capita
CEMAC 2 3,020,142 34,970,529 85,136 2,435 6
SACU 2,693,418 51,055,878 541,433 10,605 5
UEMOA 1 3,505,375 80,865,222 101,640 1,257 8
UMA 2 5,782,140 84,185,073 491,276 5,836 5
GAFTA 3 5,876,960 166,259,603 635,450 3,822 5
1 Economic bloc inside a pillar REC
2 Proposed for pillar REC, but objecting participation
3 Non-African members of GAFTA are excluded from figures
smallest value among the blocs compared
largest value among the blocs compared
During 2004. Source: CIA World Factbook 2005, IMF WEO Database
This box:
view
talk
edit
See also[edit]
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
East African Community (EAC)
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
List of trade blocs
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "The Southern African unipolarity". Journal of Contemporary African Studies. Retrieved 2017-09-30.
Jump up ^ "MEMBER STATES". Southern African Development Community. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
Jump up ^ United Nations Statistics Division (PDF): 1–2 http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf. Retrieved 27 January 2017. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "COMMUNIQUÉ OF THE 37th SUMMIT SADC OF HEADS OF STATE AND GOVERNMENT OR TAMBO BUILDING, DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND COOPERATION (DIRCO) PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA" (PDF). Southern African Development Community. 2017-08-20. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
Jump up ^ "The Union of Comoros becomes the 16th SADC Member State". Southern African Development Community. 2017-08-20. Retrieved 2017-07-31.
Jump up ^ "SADC Lifts Madagascar Suspension". SADC. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Tore, Ozgur. "Comoros joins Southern African Development Community – SADC". ftnnews.com. FTN News. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Nakale, Albertina (2017-08-22). "Southern Africa: Comoros Admitted Into SADC". Retrieved 2017-08-31.
Jump up ^ Organisation of SADC Games to cost a million dollars. Panapress (2003-05-11). Retrieved on 2014-09-15.
Jump up ^ Valy, Bayano (June 2004). The first Under-20 Zone Six SADC Games. SADC Today, Vol.7 No.2 June 2004. Retrieved on 2014-09-15.
Jump up ^ Southern African Development Community :: SADC Protocols. Sadc.int. Retrieved on 2013-08-09.
Jump up ^ "South African Development Community". www.sadc.int. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "Southern African Development Community". www.sadc.int. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Johannes,, Muntschick,. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the European Union (EU) : Regionalism and External Influence. Cham, Switzerland. pp. 187–228. ISBN 9783319453309. OCLC 1005921955.
Jump up ^ "Free Trade Area". Southern African Development Community. Retrieved 14 Mar 2014.
Jump up ^ "Southern African Development Community Protocol on Trade" (PDF). Southern African Development Community. 1996. Retrieved 14 Mar 2015.
Jump up ^ Mbola, Bathandwa (18 Aug 2008). "SADC launches free trade area". Southafrica.info - Brand South Africa portal website. Retrieved 14 Mar 2015.
Jump up ^ "Free Trade Area". Southern African Development Community. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
Jump up ^ Johannes,, Muntschick,. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the European Union (EU) : Regionalism and External Influence. Cham, Switzerland. pp. 153–186. ISBN 9783319453309. OCLC 1005921955.
Jump up ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7684903.stm
Jump up ^ Deep Integration Archived 1 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ [1]
Further reading[edit]
Gabriël Oosthuizen, The Southern African Development Community: The organisation, its history, policies and prospects. Institute for Global Dialogue: Midrand, South Africa, 2006.
John McCormick, The European Union: Politics and Policies. Westview Press: Boulder, Colorado, 2004.
Muntschick, Johannes, The Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the European Union (EU). Regionalism and External Influence. Palgrave Macmillan: Cham. 2017. ISBN 978-3-319-45330-9.
Ramsamy, Prega 2003 Global partnership for Africa. Presentation at the human rights conference on global partnerships for Africa’s development, Gaborone: SADC
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Southern African Development Community.
Official website
Agritrade website covering trade issues in southern Africa
show
v
t
e
Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Member states
Angola
Botswana
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Lesotho
Madagascar
Malawi
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Seychelles
South Africa
Swaziland
Tanzania
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Leaders
Chairpersons
Levy Mwanawasa
Kgalema Motlanthe
Secretaries-General
Kaire Mbuende
Prega Ramsamy
Tomaz Salomão
See also
Southern African Development Coordination Conference (forerunner)
Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
Common Monetary Area (CMA)
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
show
v
t
e
Regional economic communities in Africa
Continental
African Union
Organization of African Unity (OAU)
African Economic Community (AEC)
Inter-regional
Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
Community of Sahel-Saharan States (CEN / SAD)
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS / EEAC)
Southern
Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
Northern
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU)
Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA)
Eastern
East African Community (EAC)
Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
Western
Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
West African Monetary Zone (WAMZ)
West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA)
Central
Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_African_Development_Community&oldid=850939182"
Categories:
Organizations of Southern Africa
International organizations of Africa
Southern African Development Community
United Nations General Assembly observers
Organizations established in 1992
1992 establishments in Africa
Hidden categories:
Pages with citations lacking titles
Pages with citations having bare URLs
Webarchive template wayback links
Use dmy dates from March 2012
Articles containing French-language text
Articles containing Portuguese-language text
Articles containing Afrikaans-language text
Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Asturianu
Azərbaycanca
Български
Čeština
ChiShona
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Français
한국어
Hrvatski
Italiano
Kinyarwanda
Kiswahili
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
Polski
Português
Русский
Sesotho sa Leboa
Basa Sunda
Suomi
Svenska
Українська
中文
21 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 July 2018, at 00:05 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

value: p

value: span

attrs: lang title

values:
fr
French language text

values:
pt
Portuguese language text

values:
af
Afrikaans language text

values:
/wiki/Afrikaans_language
mw-redirect
Afrikaans language

values: Flag of the Southern African Development Community

values: display:table-cell; width:58%; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values: Logo of the Southern African Development Community

values: display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;

values: list-style: none none; margin-left: 0px; text-align: left; font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: inherit; display: none;

values:
NavFrame collapsed
border: none; padding: 0;
NavFrame1

values: Southern African Development Coordination Conference

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.sadc.int

values:
/wiki/Inter-governmental_organization
mw-redirect
Inter-governmental organization

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union
mw-redirect
Politics of the African Union

values: font-size: 105%; padding: 0.2em 0px 0.4em; text-align: left; display: none;

values: Chairperson of the African Union Commission

values: Directorate of Conferences and Events (page does not exist)

values: Directorate of Peace and Security (page does not exist)

values: Directorate of Political Affairs (page does not exist)

values: Directorate of Infrastructure and Energy (page does not exist)

values: Directorate of Social Affairs (page does not exist)

values: Directorate of Human Resources, Science, and Technology (page does not exist)

values: Directorate of Trade and Industry (page does not exist)

values: Directorate of Rural Economy and Agriculture (page does not exist)

values: Directorate of Economic Affairs (page does not exist)

values: Office of the Legal Counsel (page does not exist)

values: Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union

values: President of the Pan-African Parliament (page does not exist)

values: Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament

values: List of members of the Pan-African Parliament

values: Permanent Committees of the Pan-African Parliament

values: Committee on Rural Economy, Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Environment

values: Committee on Monetary and Financial Affairs

values: Committee on Trade, Customs, and Immigration Matters

values: Committee on Cooperation, International Relations, and Conflict Resolutions

values: Committee on Transport, Industry, Communications, Energy, Science, and Technology

values: Committee on Health, Labour, and Social Affairs

values: Committee on Education, Culture, Tourism, and Human Resources

values: Committee on Gender, Family, Youths, and People with Disabilities

values: Committee on Rules, Privileges, and Discipline

values: African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights

values: African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights

values: African Court of Justice and Human Rights

values: African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights

values: Judges of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights

values: Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union

values: Specialised Technical Committee on Rural Economy and Agricultural Matters (page does not exist)

values: Specialised Technical Committee on Monetary and Financial Affairs (page does not exist)

values: Specialised Technical Committee on Trade, Customs, and Immigration Matters (page does not exist)

values: Specialised Technical Committee on Industry, Science and Technology, Energy, Natural Resources, and Environment (page does not exist)

values: Specialised Technical Committee on Transport, Communications, and Tourism (page does not exist)

values: Specialised Technical Committee on Health, Labor, and Social Affairs (page does not exist)

values: Specialised Technical Committee on Education, Culture, and Human Resources (page does not exist)

values: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

values: Economic Community of Central African States

values: Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa

values: Economic Community of West African States

values: West African Economic and Monetary Union

values:
/wiki/West_African_Monetary_Zone
mw-redirect
West African Monetary Zone

values: Intergovernmental Authority on Development

values: New Partnership for Africa's Development

values: Agencies of the African Union (page does not exist)

values: padding:0.3em 0.4em 0.3em;font-weight:bold;border-top: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;

values: Template talk:Politics of the African Union

values: float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;width:5em

values:
/wiki/Member_states
mw-redirect
Member states

values:
/wiki/Athletics_(sport)
mw-redirect
Athletics (sport)

values:
/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo
mw-redirect
Democratic Republic of Congo

values:
/wiki/Cape_to_Cairo_Red_Line
mw-redirect
Cape to Cairo Red Line

values:
/wiki/Republic_of_South_Africa
mw-redirect
Republic of South Africa

values: Edit section: Challenges facing member countries

values:
/wiki/Southern_Africa_Customs_Union
mw-redirect
Southern Africa Customs Union

values: Edit section: Structure and decision-making procedures

values:
/wiki/Edgar_Chagwa_Lungu
mw-redirect
Edgar Chagwa Lungu

values:
/wiki/King_Mswati_III
mw-redirect
King Mswati III

values: Edit section: Comparison with other regional blocs

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ffffcc; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column

values: display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color: #ccffcc; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;

values: Template talk:African Economic Community

values:
/wiki/List_of_trade_blocs
mw-redirect
List of trade blocs

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.sadc.int/member-states

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/oclc/1005921955

values:
nofollow
external free
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7684903.stm

values: commons:Category:Southern African Development Community

values: Template:Southern African Development Community

values: Template talk:Southern African Development Community

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values:
/wiki/Greater_Arab_Free_Trade_Area
mw-redirect
Greater Arab Free Trade Area

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed

values: Category:Organizations of Southern Africa

values: Category:International organizations of Africa

values: Category:Southern African Development Community

values: Category:United Nations General Assembly observers

values: Category:Organizations established in 1992

values: Category:Pages with citations lacking titles

values: Category:Pages with citations having bare URLs

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Category:Articles containing French-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text

values: Category:Articles containing Afrikaans-language text

values: Category:Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values: Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelingsgemeenskap – Afrikaans

values: مجموعة التنمية لأفريقيا الجنوبية – Arabic

values: Comunidá de Desenvolvimientu d'África Austral – Asturian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ast
display: none;

values: Cənubi Afrika İnkişaf Birliyi – Azerbaijani

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-az
display: none;

values: Общност за развитие на държавите от Южна Африка – Bulgarian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values: Jihoafrické rozvojové společenství – Czech

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/SADC
SADC – Shona
sn
sn
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sn
display: none;

values: Southern African Development Community – Danish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-da
display: none;

values: Entwicklungsgemeinschaft des südlichen Afrika – German

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-et
display: none;

values: Comunidad de Desarrollo de África Austral – Spanish

values: Communauté de développement d'Afrique australe – French

values: 남아프리카 개발 공동체 – Korean

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ko
display: none;

values: Južnoafrička razvojna zajednica – Croatian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values: Comunità di sviluppo dell'Africa meridionale – Italian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo – Kinyarwanda

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-rw
display: none;

values: Southern African Development Community – Swahili

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sw
display: none;

values: Ontwikkelingsgemeenschap van Zuidelijk Afrika – Dutch

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values: 南部アフリカ開発共同体 – Japanese

values: Samarbeidsorganisasjonen for det sørlige Afrika – Norwegian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values: ਦੱਖਣੀ ਅਫ਼ਰੀਕੀ ਵਿਕਾਸ ਭਾਈਚਾਰਾ – Punjabi

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pa
display: none;

values: Wspólnota Rozwoju Afryki Południowej – Polish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values: Comunidade de Desenvolvimento da África Austral – Portuguese

values: Сообщество развития Юга Африки – Russian

values: Southern African Development Community – Northern Sotho

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nso
display: none;

values: Citakan:Southern African Development Community (SADC) – Sundanese

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-su
display: none;

values: Eteläisen Afrikan kehitysyhteisö – Finnish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values: Southern African Development Community – Swedish

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: Співтовариство розвитку Півдня Африки – Ukrainian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values: 南部非洲发展共同体 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Southern_African_Development_Community rootpage-Southern_African_Development_Community skin-vector action-view


text:
The Ballad of Davy Crockett
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"The Ballad of Davy Crockett"
Single by Bill Hayes
B-side
"Farewell"
Released
1955
Format
45 rpm record
Genre
Folk
Label
Cadence
Composer(s)
George Bruns
Lyricist(s)
Thomas W. Blackburn
"The Ballad of Davy Crockett" is a song with music by George Bruns and lyrics by Thomas W. Blackburn. It was introduced on ABC's television series Disneyland, in the premiere episode of October 27, 1954. Fess Parker is shown performing the song on a log cabin set in frontiersman clothes, accompanied by similarly attired musicians. The song would later be heard throughout the Disneyland television miniseries Davy Crockett, first telecast on December 15, 1954. Parker played the role of Davy Crockett and continued in four other episodes made by Walt Disney Studios. It was sung by The Wellingtons. Buddy Ebsen co-starred as George "Georgie" Russel, and Jeff York played legendary boatman Mike Fink.
The first released version was recorded by Bill Hayes, quickly followed by versions by Fess Parker[1] and Tennessee Ernie Ford (recorded on February 7, 1955). All three versions made the Billboard magazine charts in 1955: Hayes' version made #1 on the weekly chart (from March 26 through April 23) and #7 for the year, Parker's reached #6 on the weekly charts and #31 for the year, while Ford's peaked at #4 on the weekly country chart and #5 on the weekly pop chart and charted at #37 for the year. A fourth version, by bluegrass singer Mac Wiseman, reached #10 on the radio charts in May 1955.[2] The song also reached #1 on the Cash Box charts, from March 26 through May 14, 1955. A contemporary version also exists by Western singing group the Sons of the Pioneers. Over ten million copies of the song were sold.[3]
In the United Kingdom, Hayes' version reached #2 in the New Musical Express chart; Ford's version achieved #3, and a version by UK singer Max Bygraves reached #20. Several other British artistes recorded versions in 1955 and 1956, including Billy Cotton, Gary Miller, Ronnie Ronalde and Dick James.
Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 The Crockett craze
2 Parodies
3 Covers
4 References
5 External links
The Crockett craze[edit]
Walt Disney Productions launched a massive marketing campaign in the UK in 1955 to publicize the film Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier (released in Britain in 1956) and to make the country's youth "Crockett conscious". There was already a "Crockett craze" in the U.S., where the episodes had become wildly popular. Crockett merchandise was produced en masse, the most iconic item being the imitation coonskin cap. The craze became immensely popular amongst schoolchildren, and the ballad made its way across the Atlantic Ocean.[5] A French version by Annie Cordy was number 1 for 5 weeks in France in August 1956.
United States Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee wore a Davy Crockett cap during the 1956 campaign, as the Democratic vice-presidential nominee. Adlai Stevenson and Kefauver lost in the general election to incumbents Dwight D. Eisenhower and Richard Nixon.
The Crockett phenomenon is referenced in books of the time such as Back in the Jug Agane, one of the Molesworth series by Geoffrey Willans and Ronald Searle.
The craze was referenced in the film Back to the Future, which is set predominantly in 1955. In the film, the Fess Parker version of the song is heard on a jukebox inside Lou's Diner and, in a later scene, one of Lorraine Baines' brothers appears wearing a coonskin cap. The song is sung by the characters Henry and Sammy in the Country Bear Jamboree. The 2009 film Fantastic Mr. Fox opens with the eponymous fox playing the song on his belt radio.
Parodies[edit]
Several parodies were issued in 1955, including "Duvid Crockett" by Mickey Katz; "Pancho Lopez" by Eduardo Lalo Guerrero; "Ole Svenson" by Yogi Yorgesson; and "The Ballad of Davy Crew-Cut" by Homer and Jethro. In the South Park episode "Raising the Bar", James Cameron plays the song during his underwater voyage to literally "raise the bar" for morality's sake, except this version replaces Davy Crockett with James Cameron himself, therefore being a parody.
Covers[edit]
A 1955 single release on Dot Records by International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame inductee Mac Wiseman reached the #10 position on the Country charts.
Also in 1955, Burl Ives released the song as a single on Decca.
Annie Cordy's version, "La Ballade de Davy Crockett", was number 1 in the charts for five weeks in France in August 1956.
Pinky and Perky included their version of the song on their 1962 EP Pinky and Perky Out West.
A rendition was recorded and released on The Kentucky Headhunters' 1991 album Electric Barnyard, and was released as a single. It peaked at number 49 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart.[6]
Tim Curry recorded a cover version for the Disney's Music From The Park album in 1996.
Mannheim Steamroller's new-age instrumental rendition appeared on their 1999 album Mannheim Steamroller Meets the Mouse.
They Might Be Giants covered the song, with modified lyrics, as "The Ballad of Davy Crockett (in Outer Space)" on their 2009 album Here Comes Science.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ DAVY CROCKETT (TV 1954) George Bruns – Recordman #110
Jump up ^ Billboard, May 28, 1955, Most Played By Jockeys, p. 58
Jump up ^ Reporter-News Online: Texas News – The life, legend of Davy Crockett Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Western Writers of America (2010). "The Top 100 Western Songs". American Cowboy. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Opie, The Lore and Language of Schoolchildren
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (2008). Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008. Record Research, Inc. p. 223. ISBN 0-89820-177-2.
External links[edit]
Cashbox charts, 1955
Preceded by
Melody of Love
Billy Vaughn & Orchestra / David Carroll & Orchestra / Four Aces Cash Box magazine best selling record chart
#1 record
March 26, 1955–May 14, 1955 (8 weeks) Succeeded by
"Unchained Melody"
Les Baxter & Orchestra / Al Hibbler / Roy Hamilton
[show]
v
t
e
Life and legacy of Davy Crockett
[show]
History
Family and personal life
Davy Crockett
John Crockett
John Wesley Crockett
Charles C. Walcutt
East Tennessee Historical Society
Limestone, Tennessee
State of Franklin
Rogersville Historic District
List of Freemasons
Politics
United States political families
Tennessee's 9th congressional district
Tennessee's 12th congressional district
U.S. 20th House of Representatives
Texas and the Alamo
Battle of the Alamo
List of Alamo defenders
Siege of the Alamo
Susanna Dickinson
Francisco Antonio Ruiz
Sterne-Hoya House
[show]
Honors and memorials
Tennessee
Colonel David Crockett statue
Crockett County
Crockett Tavern Museum
David Crockett Birthplace State Park
Davy Crockett Lake, Greene County
Davy Crockett Lake, Crockett County
David Crockett State Park
David Crockett Elementary School
David Crockett High School
Texas
Alamo Cenotaph
David Crockett Statue
Davy Crockett National Forest
Crockett County
Crockett, Texas
Crockett High School
David Crockett Elementary School
David Crockett High School
David Crockett Junior High School
Davy Crockett Lake
Davy Crockett Loop
Crockett Middle School
Davy Crockett School
Fort Crockett
Other
David Crockett Elementary School (Arizona)
[show]
Popular culture
Television
Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier
Davy Crockett miniseries
Davy Crockett and the River Pirates
The Alamo: 13 Days to Glory
Tall Tales and Legends
James A. Michener's Texas
A Line in the Sand
MythBusters – "Davy Crockett's Magic Bullet"
Film
The Alamo (1960)
The Alamo (2004)
Davy Crockett – In Hearts United
Davy Crockett (1910)
Martyrs of the Alamo
Davy Crockett (1916)
Davy Crockett at the Fall of the Alamo
The Painted Stallion
Heroes of the Alamo
Man of Conquest
The Man from the Alamo
The Last Command
The First Texan
Alamo: The Price of Freedom
Plays
Davy Crockett
Music
The Ballad of Davy Crockett
David Crockett March
Riders in the Sky Present: Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier
Publications
Bibliography of works on Davy Crockett
Roswell, Texas (webcomic)
Depicted by
John Gadsby Chapman
Pompeo Coppini
William Croome
Asher B Durand
Chester Harding
William Henry Huddle
William McVey
Robert Jenkins Onderdonk
Samuel Stillman Osgood
[show]
Misc
Boone and Crockett Club
Disney's Davy Crockett Ranch
Davy Crockett Explorer Canoes
Walt Disney's Riverfront Square
[show]
v
t
e
The Kentucky Headhunters
Greg Martin
Doug Phelps
Fred Young
Richard Young
James Harrison
Anthony Kenney
Mark S. Orr
Ricky Lee Phelps
Studio albums
Pickin' on Nashville
Electric Barnyard
Rave On!!
That'll Work (with Johnnie Johnson)
Stompin' Grounds
Songs from the Grass String Ranch
Soul
Big Boss Man
Dixie Lullabies
Compilation albums
The Best of The Kentucky Headhunters: Still Pickin'
Flying Under the Radar
Authorized Bootleg: Live – Agara Ballroom – Cleveland, Ohio
Notable singles
"Dumas Walker"
"Oh Lonesome Me"
"Rock 'n' Roll Angel"
"The Ballad of Davy Crockett"
"Only Daddy That'll Walk the Line"
"Let's Work Together"
"Blue Moon of Kentucky"
"Dixie Fried"
"You've Got to Hide Your Love Away"
"Singin' the Blues"
"Big Boss Man"
"Chug-a-Lug"
"Take These Chains from My Heart"
Related articles
Discography
Brother Phelps
[show]
v
t
e
Tennessee Ernie Ford
Albums
Hymns (1956)
Ernie Sings & Glen Picks (1975)
Singles
"Mule Train"
"The Shotgun Boogie"
"The Ballad of Davy Crockett"
"Sixteen Tons"
"You Don't Have to Be a Baby to Cry"
"Dark as a Dungeon"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Ballad_of_Davy_Crockett&oldid=833238877"
Categories:
Songs written by George Bruns
Disney songs
1954 songs
1955 singles
1992 singles
Ballads
Cultural depictions of Davy Crockett
Tennessee Ernie Ford songs
Mac Wiseman songs
The Kentucky Headhunters songs
Music videos directed by John Lloyd Miller
Max Bygraves songs
Hidden categories:
Webarchive template wayback links
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
Languages
Français
Norsk
Edit links
This page was last edited on 30 March 2018, at 12:14.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values:
/wiki/45_rpm_record
mw-redirect
45 rpm record

values:
/wiki/Thomas_W._Blackburn
mw-redirect
Thomas W. Blackburn

values:
/wiki/Davy_Crockett_(TV_miniseries)
mw-redirect
Davy Crockett (TV miniseries)

values:
/wiki/Billboard_magazine
mw-redirect
Billboard magazine

values:
/wiki/New_Musical_Express
mw-redirect
New Musical Express

values:
/wiki/Walt_Disney_Productions
mw-redirect
Walt Disney Productions

values: Davy Crockett, King of the Wild Frontier

values:
/wiki/Lorraine_Baines_McFly
mw-redirect
Lorraine Baines McFly

values:
/wiki/Yogi_Yorgesson
mw-redirect
Yogi Yorgesson

values: International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame

values: La Ballade de Davy Crockett (page does not exist)

values: Disney's Music From The Park (1996 CD) (page does not exist)

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values:
/wiki/Cash_Box_magazine
mw-redirect
Cash Box magazine

values:
/wiki/List_of_Freemasons_(A_-_D)
mw-redirect
List of Freemasons (A - D)

values: List of United States political families (C)

values: List of Members of the United States House of Representatives in the 20th Congress by seniority

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-subgroup

values: Colonel David Crockett statue (Lawrenceburg, Tennessee)

values: Davy Crockett Lake (Greene County, Tennessee)

values: Davy Crockett Lake (Crockett County, Tennessee)

values: David Crockett Elementary School (Lawrenceburg, Tennessee) (page does not exist)

values: David Crockett Statue (Ozona, Texas) (page does not exist)

values: David Crockett Elementary School (Marshall, Texas)

values: David Crockett High School (Austin, Texas)

values: David Crockett Junior High School (Odessa, Texas) (page does not exist)

values: Davy Crockett Lake (Fannin County, Texas)

values: Davy Crockett Loop, Prairies and Pineywoods Wildlife Trail - East (page does not exist)

values: Crockett Middle School (Amarillo, Texas) (page does not exist)

values: Davy Crockett School (Dallas, Texas) (page does not exist)

values: David Crockett Elementary School (Phoenix, Airzona)

values:
/wiki/Tall_Tales_and_Legends
mw-redirect
Tall Tales and Legends

values: David Crockett March (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Roswell,_Texas_(webcomic)
mw-redirect
Roswell, Texas (webcomic)

values:
/wiki/Asher_B_Durand
mw-redirect
Asher B Durand

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values:
The_Kentucky_Headhunters
fn org
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values:
navbox-abovebelow
2
background: #EEEEEE;

values:
row
navbox-group
width:1%;background: #EEEEEE;

values:
/wiki/Let%27s_Work_Together
mw-redirect
Let's Work Together

values: nowraplinks vcard hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
Tennessee_Ernie_Ford
fn
font-size:114%;margin:0 4em

values: Category:Cultural depictions of Davy Crockett

values: Category:Music videos directed by John Lloyd Miller

values: Category:Webarchive template wayback links

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Davy_Crockett
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-The_Ballad_of_Davy_Crockett rootpage-The_Ballad_of_Davy_Crockett skin-vector action-view