text:
List of most popular dog breeds
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This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2018)
Labrador Retriever portrait
This article lists the most popular dog breeds by registrations.
Note: registrations shown are not the same as annual registrations, or as living individuals.
Contents
1 Most popular breeds pre-2006
2 Club registration figures for 2007
3 Club registration figures for 2008
4 Club registration figures for 2009
5 FCI Worldwide Figures 2013
6 References
7 External links
Most popular breeds pre-2006[edit]
Between 1915 and 1940, American Kennel Club statistics were collected on a five-year basis instead of every year. These figures show that between 1905 and 1935, the Boston Terrier was consistently in either first or second place. In 1925, following the popularity of Rin Tin Tin, the German Shepherd displaced the Terrier as the top dog. American Cocker Spaniels then led the way as the most popular dog from 1936 all the way through to 1952, when the Beagle became the number one dog until 1959. Poodles would become the most popular breed for the longest, reigning from 1960 for the next twenty-two years until 1982, when the American Cocker Spaniel fought back to take over until 1990. The Labrador Retriever has been the most popular since 1991.[1]
UK Kennel Club (2006)[2]
Position
Breed
Registrations
1 Pug 45,700
2 English Cocker Spaniel 20,459
3 English Springer Spaniel 15,133
4 German Shepherd 12,857
5 Staffordshire Bull Terrier 12,729
6 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 11,411
7 Golden Retriever 9,373
8 West Highland White Terrier 9,300
9 Boxer 9,066
10 Border Terrier 8,916
11-20 (in descending order): Rottweiler, Shih Tzu, Miniature Schnauzer, Lhasa Apso, Yorkshire Terrier, Bulldog, Dobermann Pinscher, Bull Terrier, Weimaraner, Pug.
21-30 (in descending order): Whippet, Dogue de Bordeaux (Imp), Bichon Frise, Border Collie, Siberian Husky, Shar-Pei, Dalmatian, Great Dane, Cairn Terrier, Beagle.
American Kennel Club (2006)[3]
Position
Breed
Registrations
1 Labrador Retriever 123,760
2 Yorkshire Terrier 48,346
3 German Shepherd 43,575
4 Golden Retriever 42,962
5 Beagle 39,484
6 Dachshund 36,033
7 Boxer 35,388
8 Poodle 29,939
9 Shih Tzu 27,282
10 Miniature Schnauzer 22,920
11-20 (in descending order): Chihuahua, Bulldog, Pug, Pomeranian, Boston Terrier, American Cocker Spaniel, Rottweiler, Maltese, German Shorthaired Pointer, Shetland Sheepdog.
21-30 (in descending order): Doberman Pinscher, Welsh Corgi (Pembroke), Miniature Pinscher, Great Dane, Siberian Husky, English Springer Spaniel, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Basset Hound, Silky Terrier, Weimaraner.
Club registration figures for 2007[edit]
Canadian Kennel Club (2007)[4]
Position
Breed
Annual registrations
1 Labrador Retriever 8,881
2 Golden Retriever 5,647
3 German Shepherd 5,062
4 Poodle 2,839
5 Shetland Sheepdog 2,477
6 Yorkshire Terrier 2,441
7 Miniature Schnauzer 1,679
8 Boxer 1,677
9 Shih Tzu 1,431
10 Bernese Mountain Dog 1,303
11-20 (in descending order): Beagle, Pomeranian, Bichon Frise, English Springer Spaniel, Pug, Bulldog, Siberian Husky, Havanese, West Highland White Terrier, Chihuahua (short coat)
American Kennel Club (2007)[3]
Position
Breed
1 Labrador Retriever
2 Yorkshire Terrier
3 German Shepherd
4 Golden Retriever
5 Beagle
6 Boxer
7 Dachshund
8 Poodle
9 Shih Tzu
10 Bulldog
11-20 (in descending order): Miniature Schnauzer, Chihuahua, Pomeranian, Pug, Rottweiler, Boston Terrier, American Cocker Spaniel, German Shorthaired Pointer, Maltese, Shetland Sheepdog
21-30 (in descending order): Doberman Pinscher, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Great Dane, Siberian Husky, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Miniature Pinscher, English Springer Spaniel, English Mastiff, Brittany, Weimaraner
Australian National Kennel Council (2007)[5]
Position
Breed
Annual registrations
1 Labrador Retriever 4,491
2 German Shepherd 4,194
3 Staffordshire Bull Terrier 3,996
4 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 2,987
5 Golden Retriever 2,873
6 Border Collie 1,978
7 Pug 1,571
8 English Cocker Spaniel 1,473
9 Dalmatian 1,452
10 Rottweiler 1,317
Club registration figures for 2008[edit]
UK Kennel Club (2008)[6]
Position
Breed
Registrations
1 Labrador Retriever 45,233
2 English Cocker Spaniel 22,508
3 English Springer Spaniel 14,899
4 German Shepherd 11,903
5 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 11,226
6 Staffordshire Bull Terrier 10,744
7 Golden Retriever 9,159
8 Border Terrier 9,145
9 Boxer 7,353
10 West Highland White Terrier 7,330
11-20 (in descending order): Shih Tzu, Miniature Schnauzer, Lhasa Apso, Bulldog, Pug, Yorkshire Terrier, Whippet, Bull Terrier, Bichon Frise, Rottweiler.
American Kennel Club (2008)[3]
Position
Breed
1 Labrador Retriever
2 Yorkshire Terrier
3 German Shepherd
4 Golden Retriever
5 Beagle
6 Boxer
7 Dachshund
8 English Bulldog
9 Poodle
10 Shih Tzu
11-20 (in descending order): Miniature Schnauzer, Chihuahua, Pomeranian, Rottweiler, Pug, German Shorthaired Pointer, Boston Terrier, Doberman Pinscher, Shetland Sheepdog, Maltese
21-30 (in descending order): American Cocker Spaniel, Great Dane, Siberian Husky, Pembroke Welsh Corgi, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, French Bulldog, English Springer Spaniel, English Mastiff, Australian Shepherd, Brittany
Canadian Kennel Club (2008)[7]
Position
Breed
Annual registrations
1 Labrador Retriever 8,710
2 Golden Retriever 5,386
3 German Shepherd 4,429
4 Poodle 2,618
5 Shetland Sheepdog 2,282
6 Yorkshire Terrier 2,209
7 Boxer 1,540
8 Miniature Schnauzer 1,363
9 Bernese Mountain Dog 1,254
10 Shih Tzu 1,245
11-20 (descending order): Bulldog, Beagle, Pomeranian, Havanese, English Springer Spaniel, West Highland White Terrier, Chihuahua (short coat), Siberian Husky, American Cocker Spaniel, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Club registration figures for 2009[edit]
Ente Nazionale Cinofilia Italiana (2009).[8]
Position
Breed
1 English Setter
2 German Shepherd
3 Segugio Maremmano
4 Labrador Retriever
5 Brittany
6 Segugio Italiano
7 Golden Retriever
8 Boxer
9 Jack Russell Terrier
10 German Shorthaired Pointer
Hunting is popular in Italy and this explains why hunt-and-retrieve breeds like the English Setter and the German Shorthaired pointer are widespread.
FCI Worldwide Figures 2013[edit]
These statistics were created by combining the registration figures of 25 countries, namely Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Greece, United Kingdom, France, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Portugal, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, The Netherlands, Ukraine and U.S.A.[9]
Position
Breed
Registrations
1 Labrador Retriever 191,988
2 German Shepherd 129,186
3 Poodle (All sizes) 118,653
4 Chihuahua 107,114
5 Golden Retriever 92,994
6 Yorkshire Terrier 92,438
7 Dachshund (all varieties) 81,516
8 Beagle 53,938
9 Boxer 52,983
10 Miniature Schnauzer 45,263
11 Shih Tzu 44,564
12 Bulldog 44,325
13 German Spitz (all sizes) 40,530
14 English Cocker Spaniel 40,174
15 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 39,670
16 French Bulldog 39,337
17 Pug 33,528
18 Rottweiler 31,447
19 English Setter 29,771
20 Maltese 28,909
21 English Springer Spaniel 28,050
22 German Shorthaired Pointer 23,855
23 Staffordshire Bull Terrier 23,562
24 Border Collie 23,262
25 Shetland Sheepdog 22,805
26 Dobermann 20,941
27 West Highland White Terrier 20,904
28 Bernese Mountain Dog 20,423
29 Great Dane 20,001
30 Brittany Spaniel 19,828
References[edit]
Jump up ^ American Kennel Club - Most Popular Pooches
Jump up ^ "2005 and 2006 registration figures for all recognised breeds". The Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 4 September 2009. Retrieved 12 September 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c AKC Dog Registration Statistics Archived 2012-05-11 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "2007 TOP 20 CKC BREEDS" (PDF). Canadian Kennel Club. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Australian National Kennel Council National Registration Statistics
Jump up ^ "Registration statistics for all recognised dog breeds - 2007 and 2008" (PDF). The Kennel Club. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2011.
Jump up ^ 2008 TOP 20 CKC BREEDS Archived 2011-06-22 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "Un anno, 220 razze e 123.000 cani". Italian Kennel Club. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Registration figures worldwide – from top thirty to endangered breeds. In: FCI: Newsletter 3/2013. (June 26, 2013)
External links[edit]
The Most Popular Breeds in America
UK Kennel Club statistics
The 50 Most Popular Breeds in 2008
CompareCanines.com - Compare 150+ dog breeds in over 50 different categories
- American Kennel Club 2010 Dog Registration Statistics
- FCI registration statistics
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_most_popular_dog_breeds&oldid=865089109"
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Denver, North Carolina
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
See also: Denver and North Carolina
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Denver, North Carolina
Unincorporated community & census-designated place
Denver
Coordinates: 35°31′52″N 81°01′47″W / 35.53111°N 81.02972°W / 35.53111; -81.02972Coordinates: 35°31′52″N 81°01′47″W / 35.53111°N 81.02972°W / 35.53111; -81.02972
Country
United States
State
North Carolina
County
Lincoln
Elevation
902 ft (275 m)
Population (2000)
• Total
2,369
Time zone
Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST)
EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code
28037
Area code(s)
704
Website
www.denvernc.com
Denver, formerly known as Dry Pond, is a census-designated place and unincorporated community located in Lincoln County, North Carolina, United States.[1] It is situated on North Carolina State Highway 16 on the west shore of Lake Norman on the Catawba River. It is about 25 miles north of downtown Charlotte and just south of the Catawba County boundary.
Denver's ZIP code is 28037 and the FIPS place code is 17000. The elevation is 902 feet above sea level.
Contents
[hide]
1 Demographics
2 History
2.1 Period of foundation
2.2 18th century
2.3 Native Americans
2.4 General William Lee Davidson
2.5 19th century
2.6 Dry Pond
2.7 Civil War
2.8 20th century
2.9 State highways
2.10 Parks
3 School
4 Events
5 Notable residents
5.1 NASCAR residents
6 See also
7 References
Demographics[edit]
The census[2] of 2000 for Denver's zip code 28037 shows a total population of 13,030 with a median age of 37.3 years. The racial makeup was 95.3% White, 3.2% African American, and 1.5% other races. There were 5,052 households, 77.5% being family households. The average household size was 2.56 people. 82.9% of the residents had a high school education or higher, and 20.4% had a Bachelor's Degree or higher.
70.7% of residents over 16 were employed, with 84.7% of those commuting to work alone in a vehicle. The largest employers were Manufacturing at 20.2%, 'Transportation and warehousing, and utilities' at 11.6%, and Construction at 10.0%. The median household income was $52,304. 3.7% of families were below the poverty line. The median house value was $162,000 with 75.8% having a mortgage, contract to purchase, or similar debt.[3]
History[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Period of foundation[edit]
The community of Dry Pond derived its name from a small pond, which once stood at what is now the corner of Highway 16 and Campground Road, now the site of the local First Federal branch. The pond would dry up in the heat of the summer.
18th century[edit]
Adam Sherrill and his family first settled in the area in 1747, and they were followed by John Beatty two years later. The actual location of Denver was first settled around 1770. Scots Irish and Germans from Pennsylvania were among the first settlers. Most of the early Scotch Irish were Presbyterians, and their first place of worship in what would become the Denver area was John Beatty's house, which was located about one mile west of Beatty's Ford, near the present-day Triangle community. Now known as Unity Presbyterian, the first meetinghouse for this congregation was originally built of logs. In 1808, it was decided to erect a larger building, and a plot of several acres was conveyed for the purpose by James Little to "James Connor, Alexander Brevard, John Reid and Joseph Graham, trustees." Dr Humphrey Hunter, a native of Ireland and a soldier in the Revolution, was pastor from 1796 to 1804. Next came Rev. Henry N. Pharr. He was succeeded by Patrick Sparrow. Mr. Sparrow's father was a potter at Vesuvius furnace, part of the Graham family's local iron industry. Mr Sparrow was the first professor of languages at Davidson College, and afterwards President of Hampden–Sydney College in Virginia. A long-time minister at Unity was Robert Hall Morrison who was first president of Davidson College. The Presbyterians were soon joined by early Methodists from Maryland who initially took up residence near what is now Terrell, NC. Longtime leaders of the Methodists in the region were Rev. Daniel Asbury and Rev. Jeremiah Munday, pioneer Methodist ministers. When he was younger, Rev. Daniel Asbury traveled to Kentucky with some family members (among them the Callaways) and, along with their leader Daniel Boone, he and approximately 20 men were taken hostage by a band of Shawnee Indians. They were carried to the far northwest (present day Ohio) and held in captivity for five years. He later was traded to the British at Detroit and returned to his home in Virginia. In 1791 Asbury established in Lincoln County the first Methodist church west of the Catawba River, which is now known as Bethel United Methodist Church. Rev. Jeremiah Mundy was a native of Virginia and came to Lincoln county in 1799. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary War three years and a minister for thirty-five years. These Methodists brought with them the institution of "campmeeting," which quickly became one of the most important traditions for the region. Interdenominational from the beginning, the local Rock Springs Camp Meeting grows out of these early meetings and traces its history to 1794 when Daniel Asbury, William McKendree (who would become a bishop), William Fulwood and James Hall, a Presbyterian, held the first gathering near present-day Rehobeth Church in Terrell.
Native Americans[edit]
Cherokee Indians
Most of the land that these Europeans claimed had long been the home of Catawba and Cherokee Indians. Indeed, the Catawba River in this part of North Carolina acted as a border between the two nations who were often at odds with each other. In the earliest days of European settlement, there were episodes of violence between the Native Americans and the new settlers, and eventually a fort was constructed near present-day Statesville to help provide a level of defense for the western portion of the colony.
General William Lee Davidson[edit]
On February 1, 1781, British forces under the command of Lt. General Cornwallis clashed with North Carolina troops led by Brig. Gen. William Lee Davidson at Cowan's Ford, the southern-most limit of present-day Denver. The British were pursuing Nathaniel's Greene's forces following the Patriot victory at Cowpens, S.C. and Davidson's men had been sent to stall and harass his advance. With Davidson was Captain Joseph Graham, a local, who had raised 56 cavalrymen. He had promised that those who furnished their own horses and equipment and served six weeks would be considered as having served a tour of three months.
Local blacksmiths made 45 rough swords for the new mounted troops. Only fifteen of Graham's men had pistols, but all had rifles, not the ideal weapon for horseback fighting. Davidson, charged with guarding four of the Catawba River crossings, had sent 500 men to Beattie's Ford, keeping only 25 at Cowan's. But the river was high and Cornwallis did not have access to his heavy guns. Led by a local Tory guide, Frederick Hager, the British began to cross the river early as the Americans were still sleeping. The sentry was not alerted until Cornwallis' troops were within 100 yards of the shore. The battle began, and the strong current was on the American's side. Greatly outnumbered the local forces were able to hold their own, slowly falling back into the woods while returning fire. The British finally took the ford and advanced. General Davidson was shot, and the militia, seeing this, fled. Major Graham's cavalry covered their retreat. The battle had helped a larger force under the command of Daniel Morgan reach the Yadkin River unopposed. It is said that Frederick Hager was the man who shot the gun that killed General Davidson.
19th century[edit]
Most of the early settlers were subsistence farmers who relied heavily upon hunting to supplement their tables. Grist mills and saw mills were among the first "local industries," but the production of iron soon became the biggest industry for the area. By 1810 Lincoln County boasted six ironmaking operations including Vesuvius, Mt. Welcome, Mount Tirzah, Mount Carmel, High Shoals, and Madison. A number of individuals and partners took the lead in establishing ironworks in eastern Lincoln County, most just to the west of present-day Denver, near Pumpkin Center and in the direction of Iron Station. The partnership of Peter Forney, Joseph Graham, John Davidson, and Alexander Brevard was responsible for the construction of Vesuvius Furnace in 1795. Peter Forney built Madison Iron Furnace along Leeper’s Creek in 1809. These two sites, like other local ironworks, changed hands at various points. Other individuals involved in the development of the iron industry in Lincoln County include Turner Abernethy, John Fulenwider, Dr. William Johnston, Jonas W. Derr, and J.F. Reinhardt. James Madison Smith later erected Stonewall Furnace in 1862 to help meet the demand for iron brought on by the War Between the States. Operations at Rehoboth (begun in the 1820s) and Madison furnaces also resumed during the turbulent years from 1862 to 1865 to supply much-needed iron for the Southern war effort.
Dry Pond[edit]
William Alexander Graham (September 5, 1804 – August 11, 1875), Denver native. United States Senator from North Carolina from 1840 to 1843, Governor of North Carolina from 1845 to 1849 and United States Secretary of the Navy from 1850 to 1852.
There was a Dry Pond Post Office beginning right before the Civil War, although it moved across the line to Catawba County near what is now Kiestler's Store Road in December 1868. In 1873, in an attempt to attract a railroad spur and thinking that the moniker "Dry Pond," didn't present a nice enough image for the railroad planners, headmaster of the local Rock Springs Academy, D. Matt Thompson, led the effort to have Dry Pond renamed for the capitol of Colorado, which was just then petitioning for statehood. (Rock Springs Academy evolved into Rock Springs School, which was a comprehensive 1–12 school until nearby East Lincoln High School was built in 1967. At that time, Rock Springs became an elementary school. The original mascot for Rocks Springs was "The Warriors," and the school colors were black and gold; in the 1990s, this was changed to "sailors." The mascot for East Lincoln High School is "The Mustangs," and the school colors are orange and green with the hues changing slightly over the years. The spring for which the academy was named lies near the Rock Springs Campground on Campground Road.)
In the years before the Civil War, North Carolina’s elite in need of a break from the summer heat could escape to Lincoln County’s Catawba Springs resort. The popular antebellum destination, named for the Catawba Indians living in the area, was built amidst seven mineral springs near Denver. Guests vacationed there as early as the 1790s. In 1824, geology professor Denison Olmstead recommended the waters of the springs for complaints concerning the liver and weakness. There is little evidence that healing actually occurred; nonetheless Catawba Springs became a popular stop on the stagecoach lines from Salisbury to Asheville.
Revolutionary War veteran and state legislator, Captain John Reid was the first known proprietor of Catawba Springs. After his death in 1821, the spa passed through a series of owners: Charles Jugnot, William Simonton, and Joseph Hampton. In 1838, Hampton renovated and expanded Catawba Springs, including the construction of a two-story, 100-room hotel. After the renovation, during parties and on holidays, as many as 500 guests assembled on the porch of the hotel. Before that time, the spa could only accommodate sixty to seventy guests in its cabins. Most guests were members of the southern planter class from North and South Carolina. Among the names of prominent North Carolina families listed in the hotel records are the Grahams, Brevards, Alexanders, Caldwells, Davidsons, and Polks. Some guests made their way to the spa from Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana. Students from nearby Davidson College could also be found enjoying themselves there on the weekends. During the early 1840s, Peter S. Ney ran a school for boys at the resort known as Stewart’s Seminary.
Civil War[edit]
During the Civil War, the local area would raise two units for the Confederacy. In March 1862, a group of local men, most of whom were related, formed a company known as the "Dry Pond Dixies" (Company G, 52nd regiment of North Carolina Troops) and joined the Confederacy. Added to their number were a number of Quakers from Randolph County, NC who did not fight but helped with the wounded. The other group was known as the Beatty's Ford Rifles (Company K 23rd Regiment).
The Civil War put an end to the southern planter aristocracy, and with its patron base depleted, Catawba Springs closed in the mid-1860s. By the time North Carolina had begun to recover from the devastation of the war, railways and eventually good highways had led to the opening of mountain resorts. (A similar, but unrelated, resort operated under the name Sparkling Catawba Springs in Catawba County during the latter part of the nineteenth and early twentieth century.) The buildings, demolished in 1930, and their guests are long gone, and the springs now bubble invisibly into a farm pond. A faint, lingering scent of sulfur is all that remains.
In October 1874, Denver's first post master, John A. Kids, was appointed. Mail to the Catawba Springs post office was transferred to the Denver post office the next year. Two years later the community was incorporated as a town by the state of North Carolina. Unfortunately for the citizens of the area, the railroad chose not to run through the growing little town and it began to dry up like the pond for which it was originally named.
For much of its existence, "downtown" consisted of a few houses, a handful of stores, a couple of churches, a school, a barber shop, a post office, a bank and a cotton gin. The 1902 Soil Survey map of the Hickory, NC area, shows Denver having a small grid of streets running along what are now Highway 16 and Campground Road. By 1914, the soil survey map of Lincoln County showed only a grid of three short streets running Northwest to Southeast parallel to what is now Highway 16 and one street running parallel to Campground Road (which still exists and was called by locals for many years "Back Street"). Apparently, one of the short streets perpendicular to Campground Road ran beside of what is now the telephone building on St. James Church Road and another of these perpendicular streets connected to what is now Campground Road right at the Rock Springs Campground. Another part of the "street grid" for Denver was "Cemetery Road." It ran beside of Denver United Methodist Church and was perpendicular to Highway 16, then turned in front of the community cemetery and intersected with campground road. The portion that ran beside of the church and perpendicular to highway was "graded under" by the church in the late 1990s.
20th century[edit]
Denver remained largely a farming community with cotton as the primary cash crop supplemented by "truck farming" vegetables to area towns (with tomatoes and strawberries being among the most often marketed vegetable crops). Members of local families began commuting to work in surrounding textile mills of Mooresville, Lincolnton, Cornelius, Maiden, and Mount Holly just before World War II and continued up until the early 1970s. Having failed to elect a local government for many years, Denver lost its official incorporated status in 1971 by vote of the state legislature.
It was the filling of a much larger pond, Lake Norman, that led Denver to grow in ways that its early boosters probably could have never fathomed. In 1962, Duke Power built the Cowans Ford Dam, flooding the fertile farmland along the Catawba River "bottoms," the land which had attracted the area's first settlers. Soon, weekend and summer "getaway" homes began to appear lakeside, and after a few years, these were replaced by more luxurious lake homes, as individuals began to move to the area to live near the water. Denver is now largely a bedroom community for Charlotte, NC.
One of Denver's major features is its "main street," which is now known as "Old Highway 16." This road, once state highway 16, was one of North Carolina's first state highways, receiving that designation in 1928. Present-day highway 16 is a four-lane road running through the edge of the community
During the 1970s, the town hosted one of the largest cross-country motorcycle races in the nation, "The Denver 100," which was a successful fundraiser for the local volunteer fire department. Participants rode through the center of barns, along creek banks, and through pastures—most of which have now disappeared under various housing developments.
Up until recently, most African Americans in the area lived in the community known as "Little Egypt," which is the general area near East Lincoln High School along Saint James Church Road.
Denver is also home to the Rock Springs Campground that has been the site of revivals and camp meetings since 1794. One of the few continuous camp meeting still occurring is that of the Rock Spring Camp Meeting in east Lincoln County, North Carolina.[4]
For a brief period during the 1890s–1910s, Denver was home to small-scale gold prospecting, particularly in the area near the former Triangle School and the community now known as "Westport."
The gymnasium at Rock Springs School was built as a part of the North Carolina Emergency Relief Administration, part of the economic stimulus package for the Great Depression 1932–35.
Major industry included modular home builder, R-Anell Homes, which recently moved from Denver to a manufacturing facility in Cherryville, NC.
The William A. Graham Jr. Farm, Munday House, and Rock Springs Camp Meeting Ground are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[5]
State highways[edit]
NC 16
NC 16 - There are two NC 16's that go from north to south in Denver NC. The NC 16 going through town is referred by locals as "Old 16" while the outer route has higher speed limits and is known as "New 16"
NC 73 This route meets NC 16 in the southern area of Denver where you can find lots restaurants, shopping, and gas stations in this area. Going east leads you to Cornelius and Huntersville, going west leads you to Lincolnton.
NC 150 This highway is located at the northern part of Denver and brings you to Mooresville to the east and Iron Station and Lincolnton to the west.
Parks[edit]
Park in Denver NC - Rock Springs Nature Preserve
Beatty's Ford Park - (Includes Boat Access for Lake Norman ) This park includes a picnic shelter, restrooms, disc golf, a walking trail, a volleyball court, horseshoe pits, a splash pad area during summer months, two children's playgrounds, and an outdoor fireplace.
Rock Springs Nature Preserve - This newer park in Denver includes a picnic shelter, a large children's playground area, a partially paved .4 mile trail with a newly carved extended trail through the woods, the trail includes an outdoor classroom and amphitheater.
Rescue Squad Park - Another newer park includes several playing fields, large picnic shelter, modern children's playground, and is home to Denver's Farmer's Market on Saturdays 8am-12pm.[6]
School[edit]
High schools include:
East Lincoln High School
North Lincoln High School in Lincolnton
Middle schools include:
East Lincoln Middle School in Iron Station
North Lincoln Middle School
Elementary Schools include:
Catawba Springs Elementary School
Rock Springs Elementary School
St. James Elementary School
Charter schools include:
Lincoln Charter School
Closed Schools include:
Triangle Elementary School - also known as Rock Springs 2 Elementary School (property sold to the Holy Spirit Catholic Church in 1988).
Events[edit]
Town festivals have included the annual Strawberry Festival held in May and the Denver Days[7] festival held every September. Each year, Denver hosts its annual Camp Meeting at the Rock Springs Campground in the summer, and has done so since 1794. A Farmers' market is held on Saturdays from mid-April through September at Rock Springs Elementary School.
The East Lincoln Betterment Association[8] hosts its annual Christmas Parade in Denver every first Saturday of December. The parade route is generally north along NC Business 16 from Haggers Ferry Rd. and ends just before the intersection of Unity Church Rd. and NC Business 16.
Notable residents[edit]
William Alexander Graham- United States Senator, Governor, and Secretary of the Navy
Kevin Keck, writer
Jamie Hacking, AMA motorcycle racer
Tony Cloninger, former major league pitcher and long-time pitching coach for the New York Yankees
Holland Thompson (1873-1940), history professor, pioneered study of the industrializing post Civil War south.

NASCAR residents[edit]
Matt McCall
Hank Parker
Hank Parker, Jr.
John Reiser
Travis Carter
Matt Carter
Kyle Busch
See also[edit]
Mountain Air Cargo, a company having its headquarters here
Lincoln County
Lincolnton, North Carolina
Lake Norman
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
Jump up ^ Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder". Factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "DenverNC Home". Denvernc.com. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
Jump up ^ National Park Service (2010-07-09). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
Jump up ^ "Lincoln County NC Parks".
Jump up ^ "2009 Denver Days Fall Festival". Archived from the original on June 12, 2009. Retrieved June 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ East Lincoln Betterment Association - Christmas Parade
[hide]
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Municipalities and communities of Lincoln County, North Carolina, United States
County seat: Lincolnton
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Stairway to Heaven
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This article is about the Led Zeppelin song. For other uses, see Stairway to Heaven (disambiguation).
"Stairway to Heaven"
US promotional single sleeve
Song by Led Zeppelin
from the album Led Zeppelin IV
Released
8 November 1971 (1971-11-08)
Recorded
1971
Studio
Island, London
Genre
Progressive rock
folk rock
hard rock
Length
8:02
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Jimmy Page
Robert Plant
Producer(s)
Jimmy Page
"Stairway to Heaven" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in late 1971. It was composed by guitarist Jimmy Page and vocalist Robert Plant for the band's untitled fourth studio album (often called Led Zeppelin IV). It is often referred to as one of the greatest rock songs of all time.[1][2]
The song has three sections, each one progressively increasing in tempo and volume. The song begins in a slow tempo with acoustic instruments (guitar and recorders) before introducing electric instruments. The final section is an uptempo hard rock arrangement highlighted by Page's intricate guitar solo accompanying Plant's vocals that end with the plaintive a cappella line: "And she's buying a stairway to heaven."
"Stairway to Heaven" was voted number three in 2000 by VH1 on its list of the 100 Greatest Rock Songs,[3] and was placed at number 31 on "Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". It was the most requested song on FM radio stations in the United States in the 1970s, despite never having been commercially released as a single there.[4] In November 2007, through download sales promoting Led Zeppelin's Mothership release, "Stairway to Heaven" hit number 37 on the UK Singles Chart.[5]
Contents
1 Writing and recording
2 Composition
3 Spirit copyright infringement lawsuit
4 Live performances
5 Success and legacy
6 Claims of backmasking
7 Accolades
8 Charts
8.1 Digital download
8.2 Certifications
9 Other versions
10 Cover versions
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links
Writing and recording[edit]
The recording of "Stairway to Heaven" commenced in December 1970 at Island Records' new Basing Street Studios in London.[6] The song was completed by the addition of lyrics by Plant during the sessions for Led Zeppelin IV at Headley Grange, Hampshire, in 1971.[7] Page then returned to Island Studios to record his guitar solo.[4]
The song originated in 1970 when Jimmy Page and Robert Plant were spending time at Bron-Yr-Aur, a remote cottage in Wales, following Led Zeppelin's fifth American concert tour. According to Page, he wrote the music "over a long period, the first part coming at Bron-Yr-Aur one night".[8] Page always kept a cassette recorder around, and the idea for "Stairway" came together from bits of taped music:[9]
The first attempts at lyrics, written by Robert Plant next to an evening log fire at Headley Grange, were partly spontaneously improvised and Page claimed, "a huge percentage of the lyrics were written there and then".[9] Jimmy Page was strumming the chords and Robert Plant had a pencil and paper. The complete studio recording was released on Led Zeppelin IV in November 1971. The band's record label, Atlantic Records was keen to issue this track as a single, but the band's manager Peter Grant refused requests to do so in both 1972 and 1973. This led many people to buy the fourth album as if it were the single.[4] In the US, Atlantic issued "Stairway to Heaven" as a 7" promotional single in 1972.
Composition[edit]
"Stairway to Heaven"
Three 10-second excerpts
Problems playing this file? See media help.
"Stairway to Heaven" is described as progressive rock,[10][11] folk rock[12] and hard rock.[12] The song consists of several distinct sections, beginning with a quiet introduction on a finger-picked six-string guitar and four recorders in a Renaissance music style[13] (ending at 2:15) and gradually moving into a slow electric middle section (2:16–5:33), then a long guitar solo (5:34–6:44), before the faster hard rock final section (6:45 to 7:45), ending with a short vocals-only epilogue. Plant sings the opening, middle and epilogue sections in his mid vocal range, but sings the hard rock section in his higher range which borders on falsetto.
Written in the key of A minor, the song opens with an arpeggiated, finger-picked guitar chord progression with a chromatic descending bassline A-G♯-G-F♯-F. John Paul Jones contributed overdubbed wooden bass recorders in the opening section (he used a Mellotron and, later, a Yamaha CP70B Grand Piano and Yamaha GX1 to synthesise this arrangement in live performances)[14] and a Hohner Electra-Piano electric piano in the middle section.
The sections build with more guitar layers, each complementary to the intro, with the drums entering at 4:18. The extended Jimmy Page guitar solo in the song's final section was played for the recording on a 1959 Fender Telecaster given to him by Jeff Beck (an instrument he used extensively with the Yardbirds)[14] plugged into a Supro amplifier,[15] although in an interview he gave to Guitar World magazine, Page also claimed, "It could have been a Marshall, but I can't remember".[9] Three different improvised solos were recorded, with Page agonising about which to keep. Page later revealed, "I did have the first phrase worked out, and then there was the link phrase. I did check them out beforehand before the tape ran." The other guitar parts were played using a Harmony Sovereign H1260 acoustic guitar and a Fender Electric XII guitar (a 12-string guitar that was plugged directly to the soundboard); these can be heard on the left and right recording channels respectively. For live versions, Page switched to a Heritage Cherry Gibson EDS-1275 6/12 Doubleneck guitar. The final progression is a i-VII-VI (natural minor) progression (Am-G-F), a mainstay of rock music.
Another interesting aspect of the song is the timing of the lead-up to the famous guitar solo. While staying in 4/4 throughout this section, most of the accents shift to the eighth notes. This makes the rhythm figure challenging for some musicians, but adds a feeling of anticipation to the approaching guitar solo.
Jimmy Page has likened the song to a sonic orgasm.[16][17]
Spirit copyright infringement lawsuit[edit]
Over the years, some people have considered that the song's opening guitar arpeggios bear a close resemblance to the 1968 instrumental "Taurus" by the Los Angeles-based rock band Spirit, written by Spirit guitarist Randy California.[8][18] In the liner notes to the 1996 reissue of Spirit's self-titled debut album, California wrote: "People always ask me why "Stairway to Heaven" sounds exactly like "Taurus", which was released two years earlier. I know Led Zeppelin also played "Fresh Garbage" in their live set. They opened up for us on their first American tour."[19][20]
In May 2014, Spirit bassist Mark Andes and a trust acting on behalf of California filed a copyright infringement suit against Led Zeppelin and injunction against the "release of the album containing the song" in an attempt to obtain a writing credit for California, who died in 1997.[21] A lack of resources was cited as one of the reasons that Spirit did not file the suit earlier; according to a friend of California's mother, "Nobody had any money, and they thought the statute of limitations was done ... It will be nice if Randy got the credit." If the Spirit lawsuit had been successful, past earnings due to the song—estimated at more than US$550 million—would not have been part of the settlement, but the publisher and composers may have been entitled to a share of future profits.[22][23]
On 11 April 2016, Los Angeles district judge Gary Klausner ruled that there were enough similarities between the song and the instrumental for a jury to decide the claim, and a trial was scheduled for 10 May. The copyright infringement action was brought by Michael Skidmore, a trustee for the late guitarist, whose legal name was Randy Wolfe.[24] On 23 June, the jury ruled that the similarities between the songs did not amount to copyright infringement.[25] In July, Skidmore's attorney filed a notice of appeal against the court's decision.[26][27][28] In March 2017, the verdict was appealed, with a main argument being that the jury should have been able to hear a recorded version of "Taurus".[29][30]
Live performances[edit]
The inaugural public performance of the song took place at Belfast's Ulster Hall on 5 March 1971.[14] Bassist John Paul Jones recalls that the crowd was unimpressed: "They were all bored to tears waiting to hear something they knew."[31]
The world radio premiere of "Stairway to Heaven" was recorded at the Paris Cinema on 1 April 1971, in front of a live studio audience, and broadcast three days later on the BBC.[32] The song was performed at almost every subsequent Led Zeppelin concert, only being omitted on rare occasions when shows were cut short for curfews or technical issues. The band's final performance of the song was in Berlin on 7 July 1980, which was also their last concert until 10 December 2007 at London's O2 Arena; the version was the longest, lasting almost fifteen minutes, including a seven minute guitar solo.
Jimmy Page used a double-necked guitar to perform "Stairway to Heaven" live.
When playing the song live, the band would often extend it to over ten minutes, with Page playing an extended guitar solo and Plant adding a number of lyrical ad-libs, such as "Does anybody remember laughter?", "And I think you can see that" (as seen in the film The Song Remains the Same), "Does anybody remember forests?" (As seen on the live performance in Seattle 1977), "wait a minute!" and "I hope so". For performing this song live, Page used a Gibson EDS-1275 double neck guitar so he would not have to pause when switching from a six to a twelve-string guitar.
By 1975, the song had a regular place as the finale of every Led Zeppelin concert. However, after their concert tour of the United States in 1977, Plant began to tire of "Stairway to Heaven": "There's only so many times you can sing it and mean it ... It just became sanctimonious."[33]
The song was played again by the surviving members of Led Zeppelin at the Live Aid concert in 1985;[14] at the Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary concert in 1988, with Jason Bonham on drums;[34] and by Jimmy Page as an instrumental version on his solo tours.
The first few bars were played alone during Page and Plant tours in lieu of the final notes of "Babe I'm Gonna Leave You", and in November 1994 Page and Plant performed an acoustic version of the song at a Tokyo news station for Japanese television. "Stairway to Heaven" was also performed at Ahmet Ertegun Tribute Concert at the O2 Arena, London on 10 December 2007.
Plant cites the most unusual performance of the song ever as being that performed at Live Aid: "with two drummers (Phil Collins and Tony Thompson) while Duran Duran cried at the side of the stage – there was something quite surreal about that."[14]
Footage of the song being played live is preserved on the band's concert film The Song Remains the Same, featuring a performance from Madison Square Garden in 1973, and on the Led Zeppelin DVD, featuring a performance from Earls Court Arena in 1975. Official audio versions are also available on The Song Remains the Same's accompanying soundtrack, on Led Zeppelin BBC Sessions (a performance from London's Paris Theatre in 1971) and on How the West Was Won (a performance from the Long Beach Arena in 1972). There are also hundreds of audio versions which can be found on unofficial Led Zeppelin bootleg recordings.
Success and legacy[edit]
"Stairway to Heaven" is often rated among the greatest rock songs of all time.[1][2] According to music journalist Stephen Davis, although the song was released in 1971, it took until 1973 before the song's popularity ascended to truly "anthemic" status.[35] As Page himself recalled, "I knew it was good, but I didn't know it was going to be almost like an anthem ... But I knew it was the gem of the album, sure."[36]
"Stairway to Heaven" continues to top radio lists of the greatest rock songs, including a 2006 Guitar World readers poll of greatest guitar solos.[37] On the 20th anniversary of the original release of the song, it was announced via U.S. radio sources that the song had logged up an estimated 2,874,000 radio plays – back to back, that would run for 44 years solid.[4] As of 2000, the song had been broadcast on radio over three million times.[38] In 1990 a St. Petersburg, Florida station kicked off its all-Led Zeppelin format by playing "Stairway to Heaven" for 24 hours straight.[39] It is also the biggest-selling single piece of sheet music in rock history, clocking up an average of 15,000 copies yearly.[14] In total, over one million copies have been sold.[38]
Jimmy Page told Rolling Stone in 1975, "We were careful to never release it as a single."[40] So, Led Zeppelin refused to release the song as a single, which forced buyers to buy the entire album.[41] Despite pressure from Atlantic Records, the band would not authorise the editing of the song for single release, making "Stairway to Heaven" one of the most well-known and popular rock songs never to have been released as a single. It did, however, appear on two promotional discs in the United States, one of them featuring the 7:55 track on each side, and the other as a 7-inch 331⁄3 record produced for jukebox operators with "Stairway to Heaven" on one side and both "Black Dog" and "Rock and Roll" on the other. Other "single" appearances were on an Australian EP, and in 1991 as an added bonus with a 20th anniversary promo book.
The group's recording of this song also appeared as the sole Led Zeppelin track in the 1977 Atlantic Records two-LP promotional sampler album We've Got Your Music, marking the first time that Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven" made its official debut appearance in an American-released various artists compilation collection.
In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine put it at number 31 on their list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". An article from 29 January 2009 Guitar World magazine rated Jimmy Page's guitar solo at number one in the publication's 100 Greatest Guitar Solos in Rock and Roll History.[42] Since 2001, the New York City-based classic rock radio station Q104.3 has ranked "Stairway to Heaven" no. 1 on their annual "Top 1,043 Classic Rock Songs of All Time".[43]
Plant once gave $1,000 to listener-supported radio station KBOO in Portland, Oregon during a pledge drive after the disc jockey solicited donations by promising the station would never play "Stairway to Heaven". Plant was station-surfing in a rental car he was driving to the Oregon Coast after a solo performance in Portland and was impressed with the non-mainstream music the station presented. Asked later "why?" Plant replied that it wasn't that he didn't like the song, but he'd heard it before.[44]
Claims of backmasking[edit]
"Stairway to Heaven" (section)
The claimed backmasked section
"Stairway to Heaven" (section) (reversed)
The same section reversed
Problems playing these files? See media help.
In a January 1982 television program on the Trinity Broadcasting Network hosted by Paul Crouch, it was claimed that hidden messages were contained in many popular rock songs through a technique called backmasking. One example of such hidden messages that was prominently cited was in "Stairway to Heaven".[45] The alleged message, which occurs during the middle section of the song ("If there's a bustle in your hedgerow, don't be alarmed now...") when played backward, was purported to contain the Satanic references "Here's to my sweet Satan" and "There was a little tool shed where he made us suffer, sad Satan."[46]
Following the claims made in the television program, California assemblyman Phil Wyman proposed a state law that would require warning labels on records containing backward masking. In April 1982, the Consumer Protection and Toxic Materials Committee of the California State Assembly held a hearing on backward masking in popular music, during which "Stairway to Heaven" was played backward. During the hearing, William Yarroll, a self-described "neuroscientific researcher", claimed that backward messages could be deciphered by the human brain.[47]
The band itself has for the most part ignored such claims. In response to the allegations, Swan Song Records issued the statement: "Our turntables only play in one direction—forwards." Led Zeppelin audio engineer Eddie Kramer called the allegations "totally and utterly ridiculous. Why would they want to spend so much studio time doing something so dumb?"[48] Robert Plant expressed frustration with the accusations in a 1983 interview in Musician magazine: "To me it's very sad, because 'Stairway to Heaven' was written with every best intention, and as far as reversing tapes and putting messages on the end, that's not my idea of making music."[49]
Accolades[edit]
Publication
Country
Accolade
Year
Rank
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame US "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll"[50] 1994 *
Classic Rock UK "Ten of the Best Songs Ever!"[51] 1999 1
VH1 US "The 100 Greatest Rock Songs of All Time"[52] 2000 3
RIAA US "Songs of the Century"[53] 2001 53
Grammy Awards US "Grammy Hall of Fame Award"[54] 2003 *
Rolling Stone US "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time"[55] 2003 31
Q UK "100 Songs That Changed the World"[56] 2003 47
Toby Creswell Australia "1001 Songs: the Great Songs of All Time"[57] 2005 *
Q UK "100 Greatest Songs of All Time"[58] 2006 8
Guitar World US "100 Greatest Guitar Solos"[59] 2006 1
Rolling Stone US "100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time"[60] 2008 8
Triple J Australia "Hottest 100 of All Time" 2009 10
(*) designates unordered lists.
Charts[edit]
Digital download[edit]
Chart (2007)
Peak position
New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart[61] 13
Norwegian Singles Chart[62] 5
Irish Singles Chart[63] 24
UK Singles Chart 37
US Billboard Hot Digital Songs Chart[64] 30
US Billboard Hot Singles Recurrents Chart[65] 16
Canadian Billboard Hot Digital Singles Chart[66] 17
EU Billboard Hot 100 Singles Chart[67] 79
Swiss Singles Chart[68] 17
Portuguese Singles Chart[69] 8
Chart (2008)
Peak position
Swedish Singles Chart[70] 57
German Singles Chart[71] 71
Chart (2010)
Peak position
German Singles Chart[72] 15
Note: The official UK Singles Chart incorporated legal downloads as of 17 April 2005.
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Italy (FIMI)[73]
Gold 15,000*
United Kingdom (BPI)[74]
Gold 400,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Other versions[edit]
A different version of this song by Led Zeppelin is featured on the remastered deluxe 2CD version of Led Zeppelin IV. Titled "Stairway to Heaven (Sunset Sound Mix)", it was recorded on 5 December 1970, at Island Studio, No.1, in London with engineer Andy Johns and assistant engineer Diggs. This version runs 8:04, while the original version runs 8:02.[75]
Cover versions[edit]
Main article: List of cover versions of Led Zeppelin songs
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b September 2002 Issue. SPIN. SPIN Media LLC.
^ Jump up to: a b "Led Zeppelin's 'Stairway to Heaven' Voted the Greatest Rock Song before the year of 2000". Gigwise.com. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "VH1 100 Greatest Rock Songs 1–50". rockonnet.com. Retrieved 1 June 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Dave Lewis (1994), The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, Omnibus Press, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9.
Jump up ^ "Yahoo Celebrity UK". Yahoo.
Jump up ^ Dave Schulps, Interview with Jimmy Page, Trouser Press, October 1977.
Jump up ^ Davis, Stephen (4 July 1985). "Power, Mystery and the Hammer of the Gods: The Rise and Fall of Led Zeppelin". Rolling Stone (451). Retrieved 15 January 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Sutcliffe, Phil (April 2000). "Bustle in the Hedgerow". MOJO, p. 62
^ Jump up to: a b c Tolinski, Brad and di Benedetto, Greg (January 1998). "Light and Shade: A Historic Look at the Entire Led Zeppelin Catalogue Through the Eyes of Guitarist/Producer/Mastermind Jimmy Page". Guitar World, p. 100–104.
Jump up ^ Edward Macan (1997). Rocking the Classics: English Progressive Rock and the Counterculture. Oxford University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-19-509887-7.
Jump up ^ Colothan, Scott (19 April 2010). "Led Zeppelin's 'Stairway To Heaven' Voted The Greatest Rock Song". Gigwise. Retrieved 5 July 2016. The prog-rock epic is one of three Led Zep songs to make it into the top ten in a listeners' poll conducted by radio station Absolute Classic Rock.
^ Jump up to: a b Alfred William Cramer (2009). Musicians and Composers of the 20th Century. 4. Salem Press. p. 1116. ISBN 978-1-58765-517-3.
Jump up ^ Rolling Stone. "Stairway to Heaven". Retrieved 7 June 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Llewellyn, Sian (December 1998). "Stairway to Heaven". Total Guitar, p.61-62
Jump up ^ Steven Rosen, 1977 Jimmy Page Interview, Modern Guitars, 25 May 2007 (originally published in the July 1977, issue of Guitar Player magazine).
Jump up ^ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWaiQkMO7VI&t=324 Interview with Classic Rock Magazine, posted 2 November 2014
Quote:"The whole object of the exercise [was] to have this thing that would almost be like an orgasm, really."
Jump up ^ https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/oct/22/stairway-to-heaven-unreleased-mix-led-zeppelin-iv-remastered Stairway to Heaven: the story of a song and its legacy, by Michael Hann, The Guardian (22 October 2014)
Quote:
"He's often used sexual imagery to describe the song and it's no different today: "It's like an orgasm at the end. ..."
Jump up ^ "Whammy Bar" Guitar World April 1997: 19 "But California's most enduring legacy may well be the fingerpicked acoustic theme of the song "Taurus", which Jimmy Page lifted virtually note for note for the introduction to "Stairway to Heaven".
Jump up ^ Sleeve notes, booklet included with CD EPC 485175
Jump up ^ "Led Zeppelin: Stairway to a Plagiarism Lawsuit, and Jimmy Page on a possible reunion". 21 May 2014. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Copyright row over Led Zeppelin classic Stairway to Heaven". BBC News.
Jump up ^ Vernon Silver (15 May 2014). "Stairway to Heaven: The Song Remains Pretty Similar". Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Nicolas Suzor; Eleanor Angel (26 May 2014). "Borrowing a Stairway to Heaven: did Led Zeppelin rip off a riff?". The Conversation. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
Jump up ^ "Stairway to Heaven in copyright trial - BBC News". Bbc.com. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Led Zeppelin cleared of plagiarism in Stairway case". BBC News. 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Led Zeppelin Copyright Trial, Round 2: Band's Accuser Files for Appeal". TheWrap. 25 July 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Led Zeppelin: Stairway to Heaven verdict appealed". BBC News. 27 July 2016. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Appeal Filed in Copyright Case of Led Zeppelin's 'Stairway'". NBC News. Retrieved 17 October 2016.
Jump up ^ "Appeal Filed in Led Zeppelin 'Stairway to Heaven' Copyright Trial".
Jump up ^ "Led Zeppelin's "Stairway To Heaven" Copyright Case Gets Appeal". 19 March 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sold on Song, Stairway to Heaven". BBC radio 2. Retrieved 9 February 2006.
Jump up ^ Pallett, Simon (January 1998). "Radio Dazed". Guitar World, p.122
Jump up ^ Dave Lewis and Simon Pallett (1997) Led Zeppelin: The Concert File, London: Omnibus Press. ISBN 0-7119-5307-4, p. 58.
Jump up ^ Welch, Chris (2002). Peter Grant: The Man Who Led Zeppelin. Omnibus Press. p. 231. ISBN 0-7119-9195-2.
Jump up ^ Stephen Davis, The Hammer of the Gods, William Morrow and Company Inc., New York, 1985, p. 150.
Jump up ^ A to Zeppelin: The Story of Led Zeppelin, Passport Video, 2004.
Jump up ^ "Stairway to Heaven: Is This the Greatest Song of All Time?". Retrieved 7 June 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b Australian Broadcasting Corporation – Triple J Music Specials – Led Zeppelin (first broadcast 12 July 2000)
Jump up ^ "Led Zeppelin Biography". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Led Zeppelin Win in 'Stairway to Heaven' Trial". RollingStone.com. Retrieved 15 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Stairway to Heaven: The Song Remains Pretty Similar". 16 May 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2018 – via www.Bloomberg.com.
Jump up ^ "50 Greatest Guitar Solos". Guitar World. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 4 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "Q104.3's Top 1,043 Classic Rock Songs of All Time". Q104.3. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "World Cafe Looks Back: Robert Plant". World Cafe. Season 20. 14 October 2011. 43:34 minutes in. NPR. WXPN. Retrieved 30 September 2016. Finally, we'll revisit a 2002 interview, in which Plant tells one of his funniest stories — it involves pledging to a Portland public radio station so it would never again play "Stairway to Heaven."
Jump up ^ Denisoff, R. Serge. Inside MTV (1988): 289–290
Jump up ^ Arar, Yardena. (AP) "Does Satan Lurk in the Backward Playing of Records?" St. Petersburg Independent 24 May 1982: 3A
Jump up ^ Billiter, Bill. "Satanic Messages Played Back for Assembly Panel" Los Angeles Times 28 April 1982: B3
Jump up ^ Davis, Stephen. The Hammer of the Gods (1985) p. 335
Jump up ^ Considine, J.D. "Interviews". Retrieved 7 June 2006.
Jump up ^ "The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll – December 1994". Jacobs Media. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "Ten of the Best Songs Ever! – September 1999". Classic Rock. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "The 100 Greatest Rock Songs of All Time – July 2000". VH1. Archived from the original on 8 April 2009. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "Songs of the Century". Recording Industry Association of America. 7 March 2001. Archived from the original on 11 December 2005. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
Jump up ^ "The Grammy Hall of Fame Award". National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 22 January 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
Jump up ^ "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time – November 2003". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Songs of All Time – January 2003". Q. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
Jump up ^ Creswell, Toby (2005). "Stairway to Heaven". 1001 Songs: the Great Songs of All Time (1st ed.). Prahran: Hardie Grant Books. p. 516. ISBN 978-1-74066-458-5.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Songs of All Time – October 2006". Q. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Guitar Solos – October 2006". Guitar World. Archived from the original on 23 December 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Guitar Songs of All Time – June 2008". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 10 February 2009.
Jump up ^ "Top 40 Singles – 19 November 2007". RIANZ. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Top 20 Singles – 21 November 2007". norwegiancharts.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Top 50 Singles – 22 November 2007". IRMA. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Digital Songs – 1 December 2007". Billboard. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Hot Singles Recurrents – 1 December 2007". Billboard. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Hot Digital Songs – 1 December 2007". Billboard. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Singles – 1 December 2007". Billboard. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Singles – 2 December 2007". hitparade.ch. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Singles – 29 December 2007". Billboard. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Top 60 Singles – 3 January 2008". swedishcharts.com. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Singles – 19 May 2008". musicline.de. Retrieved 19 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Top 100 Singles – 3 May 2010". musicline.de. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
Jump up ^ "Italian single certifications – Led Zeppelin – Stairway to Heaven" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana.
Jump up ^ "British single certifications – Led Zeppelin – Stairway to Heaven". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 17 November 2017. Select singles in the Format field. Select Gold in the Certification field. Enter Stairway to Heaven in the search field and then press Enter.
Jump up ^ Grow, Kory (22 October 2014). "Hear Led Zeppelin's Hedgerow-Bustling 'Stairway to Heaven' Alternate Mix". Rolling Stone. "It's always interesting to hear stuff that you know really well and hear it differently, but the same," John Paul Jones tells Rolling Stone.
Further reading[edit]
Led Zeppelin: Dazed and Confused: The Stories Behind Every Song, by Chris Welch, ISBN 1-56025-818-7
The Complete Guide to the Music of Led Zeppelin, by Dave Lewis, ISBN 0-7119-3528-9
External links[edit]
NPR Fresh Air audio interview with Robert Plant, who comments on various covers of the song, the lyrics and writing it.
Jimmy Page: How we wrote Stairway to Heaven - BBC
Sold on Song, "Stairway to Heaven" at BBC Radio 2
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
show
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Led Zeppelin IV track listing
Songs
Side one
"Black Dog"
"Rock and Roll"
"The Battle of Evermore"
"Stairway to Heaven"
Side two
"Misty Mountain Hop"
"Four Sticks"
"Going to California"
"When the Levee Breaks"
Led Zeppelin
Led Zeppelin II
Led Zeppelin III
Led Zeppelin IV
Houses of the Holy
Physical Graffiti
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In Through the Out Door
Coda
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t
e
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John Bonham
John Paul Jones
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"Rock and Roll" / "Four Sticks"
"Over the Hills and Far Away" / "Dancing Days"
"D'yer Mak'er" / "The Crunge"
"Trampled Under Foot" / "Black Country Woman"
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"Fool in the Rain" / "Hot Dog"
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values: สแทร์เวย์ทูเฮฟเวิน – Thai

values:
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values: 通往天堂的阶梯 – Chinese

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

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