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List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
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This article is about modern conflicts in the Middle East. For ancient conflicts, see List of conflicts in the Near East.
Middle East
Countries (2018)
Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Iraq (Iraqi Kurdistan), Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, North Cyprus*, Oman, Palestine*, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria (Rojava), Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
This is a list of modern conflicts in the Middle East ensuing in the geographic and political region known as the Middle East. The "Middle East" is traditionally defined as the Fertile Crescent (Mesopotamia), Levant, and Egypt and neighboring areas of Arabia, Anatolia and Iran. It currently encompasses the area from Egypt, Turkey and Cyprus in the west to Iran and the Persian Gulf in the east,[1] and from Turkey and Iran in the north, to Yemen and Oman in the south.
Conflicts are separate incidents with at least 100 casualties, and are listed by total deaths, including sub-conflicts.[2]
The term "modern" refers to the post-Ottoman period, in other words, since 1918.
Contents
1 List of conflicts
2 Casualties breakdown
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
List of conflicts[edit]
Date
Conflict
Location
Casualties
1902–1932 Unification of Saudi Arabia [a] Emirate of Riyadh
Kingdom of Hejaz
Kuwaiti Emirate,
Sultanate of Nejd,
Emirate of Transjordan,
Mandatory Iraq
Kingdom of Nejd and Hejaz 8,000–9,000
1914–1918 Middle Eastern theatre of World War I [p] Persia
Sultanate of Egypt
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
Emirate of Jabal Shammar
Sheikhdom of Kuwait
Sultanate of Lahej
Ottoman Empire
Armenia
Azerbaijan 2,825,000[3][4][5]–5,000,000[6] (Ottoman Empire deaths including civilians). 1,000,000–1,500,000[citation needed] (Allied killed, wounded, captured or missing)
2,000,000 (Persians died by famine or disease, excluding influenza)[7][8][9]
1918–1922 Simko Shikak revolt[10] Persia 1,000–5,500
1919 Egyptian Revolution of 1919[11] Sultanate of Egypt 3,000
1919–1923 Turkish War of Independence [b] Ottoman Empire
Greece
Armenia
Soviet Union 170,500–873,000
1919–2003 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict [c]

Iraq
Kingdom of Kurdistan 139,000–320,000 killed
1920 Franco-Syrian War Arab Kingdom of Syria
OETA 5,000
1920 Iraqi revolt against the British[12][13] Mandatory Iraq 2,050–9,000
1921–1948[l] Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine Mandatory Palestine 7,813
1923 Adwan Rebellion Transjordan 100
1924–1927 Great Syrian Revolt (Druze War)[14] Greater Lebanon
State of Syria
Jabal Druze
Alawite State 8,000–12,000
1925 Sheikh Said rebellion.[15] Turkey 15,000–250,500
1930 Ararat rebellion[16][17][18][19][20] Turkey
Republic of Ararat 4,500–47,000
1933 Simele massacre[21] Kingdom of Iraq 3,000
1934 Saudi-Yemeni War[22] Saudi Arabia
Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 2,100
1935 Imam Reza shrine rebellion[23] Iran 151
1935–1936 1935–36 Iraqi Shia revolts Iraq 500
1935 1935 Yazidi revolt[21] Iraq 200
1937 Dersim Rebellion[24] Turkey 40,000–70,000
1939–1945 World War II (including the Anglo-Iraqi War, the Syria–Lebanon Campaign, and the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran) Iraq
Iran
French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
Mandatory Palestine ≈16,000
1946 Egyptian Student Riots[25][26] Egypt 100–300
1946 Iran crisis of 1946[2][15][e] Iran
Republic of Mahabad
Azerbaijan People's Government 2,000
1948– Arab–Israeli conflict[f] Egypt
All-Palestine Government
Egypt
United Arab Republic
Syrian Republic
Ba'athist Syria
Jordan
Lebanon
Israel
Palestinian Authority 73,000–84,000
1948 Alwaziri coup[2] Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 4,000–5,000
1948 Al-Wathbah uprising Iraq 300–400
1952 Egyptian Revolution of 1952[2] Egypt 1,000
1953 1953 Iranian coup d'état[2][15][27] Iran 300–800
1954–1960 Jebel Akhdar War[15] Sultanate of Muscat and Oman 100–523
1955–1963 Cypriot intercommunal violence[28][29] Cyprus 400–600
1956–1960 Yemeni–Adenese clan violence[2] Aden 1,000
1958 1958 Lebanon Crisis[2][11][29] Lebanon 1,300–4,000
1958 1958 Iraqi Revolution[2] Arab Federation 100
1959 1959 Mosul uprising[2] Iraqi Republic 2,000–4,000
1962–1970 North Yemen Civil War[30][31][g] North Yemen
Saudi Arabia
Egypt 100,000–200,000
1962–1975 Dhofar Rebellion[15] Oman 10,000
1963 1963 Riots in Iran[15] Iran 100
1963 February 1963 Ba'athist Iraqi coup[32] Iraq 1,000
1963 8th of March Syrian Revolution[33] United Arab Republic
Syria 820
1963–1967 Aden Emergency[34] Federation of South Arabia
South Yemen 2,096
1963 November 1963 Iraqi coup [32] Iraq 250
1964 1964 Hama riot[35][36] Syria 70–100
1966 1966 neo-Ba'athist coup d'état in Syria[15] Syria 400
1970–1971 Black September[29] Jordan 2,000–25,000
1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus[22][37] Cyprus 1,500–5,000
1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War[38][h] Lebanon 150,000
1976–1979 Political violence in Turkey, 1970s[39][40][41] Turkey 5,000–5,388
1978– Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)[42] Turkey
Iraqi Kurdistan
Iraq 30,000–100,000
1979 Iranian Revolution[43][44] Iran 3,164–60,000
1979–1980 Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution [i] Iran 10,171
1979–1983 Saudi Eastern Province unrest[45] Saudi Arabia 182–219
1979 Grand Mosque Seizure[46] Saudi Arabia 307
1979–1982 Islamist uprising in Syria Syria 40,000+
1980 1980 Turkish coup d'état[47][48] Turkey 127–550
1980 Sadr uprising[49] Iraq 1,000–30,000
1980–1988 Iran–Iraq War[22][50][j] Iran
Iraq
Kuwait 1,000,000–1,250,000
1983-84 Tunisian bread riots Tunisia 150
1986 South Yemen Civil War[51] South Yemen 5,000–12,000
1986 1986 Egyptian Conscription Riot[52] Egypt 107
1986 1986 Damascus bombings[53] Syria 204
1987 Iranian pilgrim riot (Mecca massacre)[54] Saudi Arabia 402
1987–1988 ANO Executions Lebanon
Syria 170
1989–1996 KDPI insurgency (1989–96) Iran 168-503
1990–1991 Gulf War[38] Iraq
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia 40,000–57,000
1991 1991 uprisings in Iraq[49][55] Iraq 50,000–100,000
1994 1994 civil war in Yemen Yemen 7,000–10,000
1995– Islamic Insurgency in Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 300
1998 Operation Desert Fox[28][29] (Iraqi no-fly zones) Iraq 2,000
1999 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq[15][56] Iraq 100–200
2003–2011 Iraq War[57][58][59][60][61][62][k] Ba'athist Iraq
Iraq 109,032–650,726
See also: Casualties of the Iraq War
2004 Qamishli massacre (2004)[63][64] Syria 30–100
2004–2014 Shia insurgency in Yemen[65][66][67] Saudi Arabia
Yemen 8,500–25,000
2004–2015 Iran–PJAK conflict[68] Iran
Iraqi Kurdistan 588–747
2006– Fatah–Hamas conflict[69][70] Palestinian Authority
Gaza Strip 600+
2006– Iran–Israel proxy conflict Iran
Israel ~2000
2007 Nahr al-Bared fighting Lebanon 480
2008 2008 Lebanon conflict Lebanon 105
2009–2015 South Yemen Insurgency[71] Yemen 2,100+
2009–2010 Iranian election protests[72] Iran 72–150
2010–2015 Yemeni al-Qaeda crackdown[73][74] Yemen 3,000+
2011 2011 Bahraini uprising Bahrain
Saudi Arabia 100+
2011–2014 Egyptian crisis (2011–14)[m] Egypt 5,540+
2011– Yemeni Crisis (2011–present) Yemen 9,000+
2011– Syrian Civil War[n] Syria 250,000–470,000+
2011–2017 Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon Lebanon ~800
2011– Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict Saudi Arabia
Iran
2014– Iraq War[n] Iraq 73,361+
2015– Yemeni Civil War Yemen
Saudi Arabia 50,000+
2016– 2016 West Iran clashes Iran
Iraqi Kurdistan 74–156
2016 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt Turkey 270–350
2017 2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict Iraq 685–900
2018 Turkish military operation in Afrin Turkey
Syria 300-500
Casualties breakdown[edit]
[a].^ Unification of Saudi Arabia (combined casualties 7,989–8,989+)
Battle of Riyadh (1902) – 37 killed.
Battle of Dilam (1903) – 410 killed.
Saudi–Rashidi War (1903–1907) – 2,300+ killed.
Annexation of Al-Hasa and Qatif (1913) – unknown.
Battle of Jarrab (1915) – unknown.
Battle of Kanzaan (1915) – unknown.
First Nejd-Hejaz War 1918–1919 – 1,392 killed[15]
Kuwait-Najd Border War (1921) – 200[15]–800 killed.
1921 Ikhwan raid on Iraq – 700 killed.
Conquest of Ha'il – unknown.
Ikhwan raids on Transjordan 1922–1924 – 500[75]-1,500 killed.
Second Nejd-Hejaz War (1924–1925) – 450 killed.[15]
Ikhwan Revolt (1927–1930) – 2,000 killed.[15]
[p].^ Middle Eastern theatre of World War I (combined casualty figure 2,825,000–5,000,000) of:
Caucasus campaign
Persian campaign
Gallipoli campaign
Mesopotamian campaign
Sinai and Palestine campaign
Arab Revolt
South Arabia
Armenian Genocide - c 1.5 million dead
Assyrian Genocide - 150,000-300,000 dead
Great Famine of Mount Lebanon - 200,000 dead
[b].^ Turkish War of Independence (combined figure 170,500–873,000+):
Greco-Turkish War – 70,000[citation needed]–400,000 casualties[38][verification needed]
Franco-Turkish War – 40,000 casualties.[citation needed]
Turkish–Armenian War – 60,000–432,500 casualties.[76]
Koçkiri Rebellion – 500 killed.[citation needed]
Revolt of Ahmet Anzavur – unknown.
Kuva-i Inzibatiye revolt – unknown.
[c].^ Iraqi–Kurdish conflict (combined casualty figure 138,800-320,100) of:
Mahmud Barzanji revolts – unknown.
Ahmad Barzanji revolt (1931) – unknown.
1943 Iraqi Kurdish revolt (1943) – unknown.
First Iraqi–Kurdish War (1961–1970) – 75,000–105,000 killed.[30][38]
Second Iraqi–Kurdish War (1974–1975) – 9,000 killed.[77]
600,000 displaced[78][79]
PUK insurgency (1976–1978) – 800 killed.
Iraqi Kurdish uprising (1982–1988) – 50,000–198,000 killed.
1991 Uprising in As Sulaymaniyah – 700–2,000 killed.
Iraqi Kurdish Civil War (1994–1997) – 3,000[80]–5,000 killed.
2003 invasion of Iraq – several hundred killed (~300) on the Kurdish front, at least 24 Peshmerga killed.
[d].^ Middle Eastern theatre of World War II (combined casualty figure 12,338-14,898+) of:
Anglo-Iraqi War – at least 560 killed.[81][82]
Farhud 175–780 killed.
Syria–Lebanon Campaign 10,404–12,964 killed.
Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 100[15] – 1,062 killed.
Bombing of Palestine in World War II 137 deaths.[83]
Bombing of Bahrain in World War II – unknown.
[e].^ Iran crisis of 1946 (combined casualty figure 1,921+):
Azerbaijan People's Republic crisis – 421 killed.[84]
Republic of Mahabad crisis – ~1,000 killed.[citation needed]
Civil interregnum – 500 killed.[85]
[f].^ Arab–Israeli conflict (combined casualty figure 76,338–87,338+):
Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949) – 14,400 casualties.
Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency and Retribution Operations (1950s) – 3,456 casualties
Suez War (1956) – 3,203 killed.
Israeli–Palestinian conflict (1965–present) – 24,000 killed
Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon – 2,600-20,000 killed
Operation Litani
1982 Lebanon War
First Intifada – 2,000 killed
Second Intifada – 7,000 killed
Gaza–Israel conflict – 3,500+ killed
Six-Day War (1967) – 13,976 killed.
War of Attrition (1967–1970) – 6,403 killed.
Yom Kippur War (1973) 10,000–21,000.[86]
[g].^ North Yemen Civil War (combined 100,000–200,000 casualties):
1962 Coup d'état
Ramadan offensive
Haradh offensive
1965 Royalist offensive
Siege of Sana'a (1967)
[h].^ Lebanese Civil War (combined 39,132–43,970+ mortal casualties):
Bus massacre – 27 killed.
Hundred Days' War – 160 killed.
Karantina massacre – 1,000–1,500 killed.
Damour massacre – 684 killed.
Battle of the Hotels – 700 killed.
Black Saturday (Lebanon) – 200–600 killed.
Tel al-Zaatar massacre – 1,778–3,278 killed.
1982 Lebanon War – 28,280 killed.
Sabra and Shatila massacre – 762–3,500 killed.
War of the Camps (1986–1987) – 3,781 killed.
Mountain War – 1,600 killed.
War of Liberation (1989–1990) – unknown.
October 13 massacre – 500–700 killed, 260 civilians massacred.
[i].^ Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution (combined fatalities count 12,000):
1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran – 10,171+ killed and executed.[87][88]
1979 Khuzestan uprising – 112+ killed.
1979 Khorasan uprising – unknown.
1979 Azeri uprising – unknown.
1979 Baluchistan uprising – 50 killed.
Iran hostage crisis – 9 killed.
1979–1980 Tehran clashes – unknown.
[j].^ Iran–Iraq War (combined death count 645,000–823,000+):
Iraqi invasion 1980
Mujahedin al-Halq uprising 1981–1982
Liberation of Khorramshahr 1982 – 17,000 killed
Operation Undeniable Victory 1982 – 50,000 mortal casualties
Operation Ramadan 1982 – 80,000 killed
Kurdish Rebellion 1983–1988 (including the Al-Anfal Campaign) 50,000–198,000 killed
Operation Before the Dawn 1983 – 6,000+ killed
Operation Dawn 3 – 162,000 killed
Operation Dawn 5 1984 – 50,000 killed
Operation Dawn 6 1984 – unknown
Operation Khaibar 1984 – 49,000 killed
Tanker War 1984
Operation Badr (1985) – 30,000–32,000
War of the Cities 1985–1987
Operation Dawn-8 1986 – unknown
Operation Karbala-4 1986 – 15,000 killed
Operation Karbala-5 – 85,000 killed
Operation Nasr 4 – unknown
Operation Karbala-10 – unknown
Operation Mersad 1987 – 4,900 killed
1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners 2,000[89] – 30,000 executed
[k].^ Iraq War (combined casualty figure of 192,361–226,056+):
2003 invasion of Iraq – 35,000 killed
Iraqi insurgency (2003–06) – 15,000 killed
Civil war in Iraq 2006–2008 – 30,000–40,000 killed
Iraqi insurgency (2008–2011) – 5,000–10,000 killed
Withdrawal of U.S. troops from Iraq – ≈1,000 killed
Iraqi insurgency (post-U.S. withdrawal) – 54,000+ killed
Iraqi Civil War (2014–present) – 53,361-72,056 killed
[l].^ Sectarian conflict in Mandatory Palestine (combined casualties 7,813)
1921 Jaffa riots – 95 killed
1929 Palestine riots – 251 killed.[90][91]
1933 Palestine riots – 20 killed.[92]
Arab Revolt in Palestine – 5,000 killed.[28]
Jewish insurgency in Palestine (1944–47) – 338 British[93] and around 100 Palestinian Jews killed.
1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine – 2,009 killed by 1 April 1948.[94]
[m].^ Egyptian Crisis (combined casualties 5,000+)
Egyptian Revolution of 2011 – 846 killed
Sinai insurgency – 2,800+ killed
[n].^ Syrian Civil War (combined casualties 270,000–450,000)
Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War –
Early insurgency phase of the Syrian Civil War –
Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian Civil War – 5,641–6,991 killed
[o].^ Iran–Israel proxy conflict (combined casualties ~2,000)
2006 Lebanon War – 1,641 killed
See also[edit]
Current events portal
International relations portal
Military history portal
War portal
Middle East portal
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Maps of the world showing all ongoing conflicts.
Lists of wars in World (by date, region, type of conflict)
Lists of wars and conflict by region
Lists of battles (Orders)
List of active rebel groups
List of events named massacres
List of number of conflicts per year
List of most lethal battles in world history
Africa :
List of conflicts in Africa (Military history of Africa)
List of modern conflicts in North Africa (Maghreb)
Conflicts in the Horn of Africa (East region)
Americas :
List of conflicts in North America
List of wars involving the United States
List of conflicts in Central America
List of conflicts in South America
Asia :
List of conflicts in Asia
List of conflicts in the Near East
List of conflicts in the Middle East
List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
Europe :
List of conflicts in Europe
Post-Cold War European conflicts
Ongoing conflicts in World :
List of ongoing armed conflicts
List of wars 2011–present
Ongoing military conflicts
Maps of ongoing conflicts
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Bloody 2009". Yemen Post. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2011. "The long ongoing war in Sa'ada that has killed over 8000 Yemenis in 2009 alone."
Jump up ^ Armed Conflicts Report – Yemen. Ploughshares.ca. [8] Archived 30 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 9 November 2009.
Jump up ^ [9] Huthi sources put the number of casualties at 25,000
Jump up ^ Mustafa Kibaroğlu,Ayșegül Kibaroğlu "Global Security Watch--Turkey: A Reference Handbook". Greenwood Publishing Group, 2009. ISBN 0-313-34560-0 p 161
Jump up ^ "Over 600 Palestinians killed in internal clashes since 2006". Ynetnews.com. 6 June 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
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Jump up ^ Government casualties (AlJazeera) [10]
[11]
Jump up ^ "Chaos prevails as protesters, police clash in Iranian capital". CNN. 21 June 2009.
Jump up ^ Government casualties AlArabiya
Jump up ^ Al-Qaeda casualties: Fox News [12], New York Times [13], Washington Post [14], Ynet News [15]
Jump up ^ Noel Joseph Guckian. British Relations with Trans-Jordan, 1920–1930. University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. Ph.D Thesis: pp. 217–218. May 1985.
Jump up ^ Vahakn N. Dadrian. (2003). The History of the Armenian Genocide: Ethnic Conflict from the Balkans to Anatolia to the Caucasus. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 360–361. ISBN 1-57181-666-6;
Jump up ^ Brogan, Patrick (1989). World Conflicts. London: Bloomsbury. p. 298. ISBN 0-7475-0260-9.
Jump up ^ "Iraq (Kurds)". Minorities at Risk. University of Maryland.
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Jump up ^ Jordi Tejel. Syria's Kurds: history, politics and society. 2009. p.156.
Jump up ^ "Habbaniya War Cemetery". Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Wavell, p. 3438
Jump up ^ Maya Zamir, The Day of The bombing, Tel Aviv Magazine, 7 September 2007 (in Hebrew) Archived 12 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Nat. Arch. 891.00/1-1547, 15 January 1947. Touraj Atabaki, Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. [Revised Edition of Azerbaijan, Ethnicity and Autonomy in the Twentieth-Century Iran] London: I.B.Tauris, 2000. pg 227. "A British source cited by the US Embassy in Tehran gives the number of killed Democrats as 421. The American Embass's report has been classified under wash."
Jump up ^ Tadeusz Swietochowski, Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. New York: Columbia. University Press, 1995. p. 154. "Rossow conservatively estimated 500 killed during the lawless interregnum that preceded the coming of the Iranian troops. Hundreds of others were tried and jailed, and scores were hanged."
Jump up ^ "The Yom Kippur War". thenagain.info.
Jump up ^ "The History Guy". Retrieved 26 July 2010.
Jump up ^ David McDowall. A Modern History of the Kurds (1996)
Jump up ^ "Document – Iran: Violations of human rights 1987–1990 | Amnesty International". Amnesty.org. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Great Britain, 1930: Report of the Commission on the disturbances of August 1929, Command paper 3530 (Shaw Commission report), p. 65.
Jump up ^ NA 59/8/353/84/867n, 404 Wailing Wall/279 and 280, Archdale Diary and Palestinian Police records.
Jump up ^ "29 Oct 1933 – Riots in Palestine SEQUEL TO FORBIDDEN PROCESSIO". Trove.nla.gov.au. 29 October 1933. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Benjamin Grob-Fitzgibbon: Imperial Endgame: Britain's Dirty Wars and the End of Empire, p. 100
Jump up ^ Yoav Gelber (2006), p.85
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On the Buses
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the TV series. For the first spin-off film, see On the Buses (film).
On the Buses
Genre
Comedy
Created by
Ronald Chesney
Ronald Wolfe
Written by
Ronald Chesney
Ronald Wolfe
Bob Grant
Stephen Lewis
George Layton
Directed by
Stuart Allen
Howard Ross
Derrick Goodwin
Bryan Izzard
Starring
Reg Varney
Bob Grant
Anna Karen
Cicely Courtneidge (1969)
Doris Hare (1969-1973)
Stephen Lewis
Michael Robbins
Music by
Tony Russell
("Happy Harry")
Country of origin
United Kingdom
Original language(s)
English
No. of series
7
No. of episodes
74 (list of episodes)
Production
Producer(s)
London Weekend Television
Running time
25 minutes
Release
Original network
ITV
Picture format
576i (4:3 SDTV)
Original release
28 February 1969 (1969-02-28) – 6 May 1973 (1973-05-06)
Chronology
Followed by
Don't Drink the Water
On the Buses is a British sitcom that was broadcast from 1969 to 1973. It was created by Ronald Chesney and Ronald Wolfe, who wrote most of the episodes. It spawned three spin-off feature films and a stage version. Despite the writers' previous successes with The Rag Trade and Meet the Wife with the BBC, the corporation rejected On the Buses, not seeing much comedy potential in a bus depot as a setting. The comedy partnership turned to a friend, Frank Muir, Head of Entertainment at London Weekend Television, who loved the idea; the show was accepted and despite a poor critical reception became a hit with viewers.
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast and characters
1.1 Main characters
1.2 Recurring characters
2 Series production
3 Episodes
4 Theme music
5 Films
6 American adaptation
7 Critical reception
8 Featured buses
9 In popular culture
10 Planned sequel
11 Home media
11.1 Region 1
11.2 Region 2
11.3 Region 4
12 Repeats
13 References
14 Further reading
15 External links
Cast and characters[edit]
Character
Played by
Series
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Stan Butler Reg Varney Main
Jack Harper Bob Grant Main
Olive Rudge Anna Karen Main
Mabel Butler Cicely Courtneidge Main
Doris Hare Main
Inspector Blake Stephen Lewis Main
Arthur Rudge Michael Robbins Main
Main characters[edit]
The main characters of On the Buses (left to right): Arthur, Olive, Stan, Mum (Doris Hare), Jack and Blakey
Reg Varney as Stanley "Stan" Butler – a bus driver who works for the Luxton and District Traction Company along with Jack and Blakey. He lives with his mother Mabel, sister Olive and brother-in-law Arthur. Stan often chats up the clippies at the bus depot.
Cicely Courtneidge (series 1) and Doris Hare (series 2-7) as Mabel Butler, Stan's mother. She is a maiden in distress when it comes to money. The Butler household is forever losing money and regularly getting the electricity cut off. Mabel is frequently caught up in arguments between Arthur, Olive and Stan.
Anna Karen as Olive Rudge, Stan's sister. Olive is always being criticised by her husband Arthur, even though she helps her mum with household jobs and frequently helps Stan with the decorating. Olive has twice been a clippie at the bus depot, both times being unsuccessful. She is always wanting "an early night" with Arthur, much to his displeasure.
Michael Robbins as Arthur Rudge, Stan's brother-in-law. Somewhat aloof and stuck up, he frequently resists Olive's intimate advances. His hospital operation is a frequent source of ridicule from Stan and Jack. (Although the nature of the procedure is never disclosed, it is implied to have been a vasectomy or a hernia). Arthur is always tampering with his motorbike, which usually falls apart.
Bob Grant as Jack Harper, Stan's conductor, best friend (although throughout the series he regularly attempts to discredit Stan by underhanded means, as innuendo, accusation, or the like) and next-door neighbour. He and Stan are always getting into trouble and getting reprimanded by Inspector Blake. Whether it is tampering with radio controls, putting "DIVERSION" road signs in the wrong places or going on dates with the buxom clippies, they are always getting into scrapes. Jack is also the shop steward of the bus depot, and frequently abuses his position to thwart Blakey's schemes, usually with the catchphrase "As shop steward I am here to tell you.....".
Stephen Lewis as Cyril "Blakey" Blake – the inspector at the bus depot. Whenever there is a "brilliant idea" at the bus depot, it is usually Blakey's. These are usually elaborate schemes to temper Stan's and Jack's frequent insubordination, or to entrap them in their misadventures in a bid to get them fired. However Blakey's schemes typically backfire with hilarious consequences, and land him either in trouble with the General Manager or in hospital.
Recurring characters[edit]
Michael Sheard as the General Manager of the bus depot. He is always arguing with Blakey about something that the latter has done. He was also the judge at the gardening competition in the episode "Gardening Time".
Madeleine Mills and Sandra Miller as the Inspector's niece. She was seen twice played by Madeleine Mills and twice by Sandra Miller. In her first two appearances she and Stan are in a love relationship; in the second they are engaged, but a tea party at Stan's house makes them split up. In her third appearance she got married to Bill, a bus driver at the depot. She also appeared in the episode "The New Nurse".
Sandra Bryant as Sandra – a clippie at the bus depot. Her character is seen frequently throughout the seventh series. In the first episode of the seventh series, she goes on a date with Stan to the cinema, until Olive comes along too.
Terry Duggan and Norman Mitchell as Nobby – one of the bus depot's mechanics. He often assists Stan and Jack in their typical schemes and misadventures.
Series production[edit]
A total of 74 episodes of On the Buses were broadcast over seven series. Three spin-off films were also released.
All episodes and films of On The Buses were set in the fictional town of Luxton.
At the beginning of the seventh series Arthur, who is not seen, has left Olive and they are divorced. Olive again gets a job as a clippie on the buses as they are short of money. Stan takes a job in the north of England in a car factory in the "Goodbye Stan" episode, and the Inspector takes Stan's old room as a lodger.
In addition, two five-minute Christmas specials were made by LWT as part of an All Star Comedy Carnival in 1969 and 1972, ITV's answer to the BBC's Christmas Night with the Stars programme. The 1969 edition has been lost, but the 1972 edition – featuring a goose that the cast are chasing for Christmas dinner – exists in the Thames Television archive, which is now owned by FremantleMedia. A spin-off series, Don't Drink the Water (1974–75), ran for thirteen episodes, featuring Blake retiring to Spain with his sister Dorothy (Pat Coombs).
Reg Varney undertook a PCV driving test in order to be filmed driving the bus for the exterior scenes.
The earlier series were recorded at London Weekend Television's original studios in Wembley (now Fountain Studios). In late 1972, LWT relocated to new studios on the South Bank of the River Thames; here the outside doors to the main and secondary studios were too small to accommodate the double-decker buses used in the series. Therefore, single decker buses were used and a plywood mock-up of an upper deck was lowered from a lighting rig.
Filmed external shots were part of the series. LWT arranged with the now defunct Eastern National Omnibus Company to use its buses at Wood Green bus garage in North London. They were shown as belonging to Luxton and District. Luxton is supposed to be in Essex, and actual Essex towns including Southend-on-Sea, Basildon, Braintree and Tilbury are all mentioned. One of the bus route termini was "Cemetery Gates", for which LWT used the entrance to Lavender Hill Cemetery. A different Lavender Hill in Battersea also features in the last episode of the last series, featuring the town hall, now the Battersea Arts Centre.
The fourth series was affected by the ITV colour strike, with seven of thirteen episodes being made in black and white.
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of On the Buses episodes
Theme music[edit]
The theme music for the series, entitled "Happy Harry", was written by Tony Russell.[1]
Films[edit]
The series spawned three feature film spin-offs and a stage version
The three spin-off films were produced by Hammer Film Productions. They are On the Buses (1971), Mutiny on the Buses (1972), and Holiday on the Buses (1973), set in a holiday camp. On the Buses became Britain's top box office film of 1971.
The films were set in a different canon to the series – in the films, Arthur and Olive manage to have a child despite their apparently sexless marriage and Arthur's 'operation' - which was never explicitly revealed as to what this was. Arthur's operation is mentioned in the first film, but later Olive gives birth to their baby son - the three films following a loose story arc which follows their son (Little Arthur) growing up. Olive is pregnant with a second child at the end of Mutiny, but no further mention of this was made in the third film Holiday, set mainly in a Holiday Camp. The bus depot becomes The Town & District Bus Company instead of The Luxton & District Traction Company. The buses in the films are mostly red ones and one green one (not including the Windsor Safari Park tour bus in Mutiny On The Buses).
American adaptation[edit]
The format of On the Buses was sold to America, where it was remade by NBC as Lotsa Luck, starring Dom DeLuise as Stanley Belmont with Kathleen Freeman as Iris Belmont, his mum, Wynn Irwin as Arthur Swann, Beverly Sanders as Olive Swann and Jack Knight as Bummy Pfitzer, his best friend. After a pilot was made, it ran for one series of 22 episodes in 1973–74. Episodes based on the original On The Buses scripts were adapted by such American writers as Carl Reiner, Bill Persky and Sam Denoff. The American version was unsuccessful and has never been screened in Britain. Inspector Blake did not appear in the American version, as Stan worked at the lost property office at the bus depot rather than being a driver.
Critical reception[edit]
Despite the popularity of On the Buses with sections of the public, TV reviewers and historians have generally held the show in lower regard.[2] In its section on situation comedies, The Guinness Book of Classic British TV describes On the Buses as ITV's "longest running and most self-consciously unfunny series".[2] TV reviewer Victor Lewis-Smith later criticised the then head of London Weekend Television, Frank Muir, for green-lighting the programme, which Lewis-Smith called "the wretched On the Buses".[3] Daily Telegraph journalist Max Davidson, discussing 1970s British comedy, listed On the Buses as one of the "unfunny sitcoms of the time",[4] while The Guardian's David Stubbs referred to On the Buses as "a byword for 70s sitcom mediocrity".[5]
Featured buses[edit]
The red Town & District buses were Bristol KSWs with Eastern Coach Works bodies. These were former Eastern National. Stan's and Jack's "regular" bus appeared to be VNO 857.
The green Luxton & District buses were Bristol Lodekkas with bodywork by Eastern Coach Works of Lowestoft. In reality these were Eastern National buses (in some episodes buses could be seen with Eastern National on the side), although as mentioned earlier, the later interior depot shots were in fact 'dummy' buses. Some 'dummy' buses were real single-deck buses with a wooden frame on top, such as in the Series 3 episode "Radio Control", when the bus has crashed into the bridge. The most commonly used bus in the series was AVW 399F. In later episodes the ENB symbol appears next to Luxton & District.
Stan's usual buses, AVW 399F and AEV 811F, are both still extant, in Lille, France and Los Angeles, California.[6]
In the first episode of series 6, former London Transport bus RTL1557 (OLD 666) is featured and burnt out.
In popular culture[edit]
A stage play called Busman's Holiday, written by Sam Cree, starred Stephen Lewis, Bob Grant and Anna Karen. It was performed as a 1973 summer season at the Pavilion Theatre, Torquay. All of the character names were different from those in the original television series.
Look-in, a UK children's magazine, serialised On the Buses in comic strips between August 1971–May 1974. They were drawn by cartoonist Harry North and the TV series' often bawdy, sexist humour was suitably diluted for a younger audience.
A board game of On the Buses was released by Denys Fisher games in 1973.
Harry Enfield and Paul Whitehouse did several sketches using the characters of On the Buses in various sketches to lampoon the humour of the show.
Planned sequel[edit]
In 1990 there were plans to revive the series as Back on the Buses, and the original cast appeared on Wogan to promote the new series. However, although a pilot script was written, it wasn't made. Back On The Buses was to feature Stan Butler, having run his own business for some years and made some money, starting his own bus company in the newly deregulated market, and hiring Jack to work with him. As they attempt to get the company off the ground, they discover a rival company has set up in the town, owned by none other than Blakey. The comedy in the series would have come from the conflict between the two businesses, and how Stan and Jack attempted to battle Blakey's bigger and more professional company.[citation needed]
Home media[edit]
Region 1[edit]
Visual Entertainment released On the Buses: The Ultimate Collection, an eleven-disc box set featuring the complete series on DVD on 12 September 2006.
Region 2[edit]
Network DVD released On the Buses: The Complete Series box set on DVD on 13 November 2006 for the very first time. On 25 May 2008 the box set was re-released in a new repackaged version. They have also released each series individually.
Region 4[edit]
Beyond Home Entertainment released the entire series on DVD in seven series sets between 2 July 2007 – 8 April 2009. Between 2008 and 2009 Series 1 to Series 5 were repacked into standard DVD cases as original releases were in gatefold digipaks with a slip box. In 2010 they released The Complete Series 11-DVD box set. In 2010, the individual series were re-released through ITV Studios. In 2012 Season 1 and Season 2 were released separately (previously released together) on 5 September 2012 and Seasons 4 and Season 5 on 6 February 2013, it is unknown if remaining seasons will be issued. The complete Series was repackaged and re-released on 7 August 2013.
Repeats[edit]
The original series has been repeated quite often on ITV3 since 2009 and still to date as of April 2018[7]. Fox Classics on the Australian Fox cable network and New Zealand's 'Jones' channel on Sky regularly show the series.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Walker, Craig (2012). The On The Buses Quiz Book. Andrews UK Limited. p. 267. ISBN 9781909143111.
^ Jump up to: a b The Guinness Book of Classic British TV, by Paul Cornell, Martin Day and Keith Topping, Second Edition.Guinness Publishing Ltd., 1996 (p.66).
Jump up ^ Lewis-Smith, Victor. (10 January 1998), "I Pull the Plug on "Mr. Pitcher"", The Mirror, (p. 6).
Jump up ^ "Despite Russell Brand and Jonathan Ross, comedy still needs to risk giving offence" Daily Telegraph, 1 November 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2014..
Jump up ^ Reg Varney reaches the end of the line David Stubbs, The Guardian 17 November 2008. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
Jump up ^ http://bcv.robsly.com/enlod.html List of Eastern National Lodekka survivors
Jump up ^ http://www.bleb.org/tv/channel.html?ch=p_itv3
Further reading[edit]
Fisher, Tex (2011). I 'Ate You Butler! - The Making of On the Buses. Deck Chair Publishing. ISBN 9780956563415.
Walker, Craig (2009). On the Buses: The Complete Story. Apex Publishing Ltd. ISBN 9781906358693.
Walker, Craig (2014). A to Z of On the Buses. Mirador Publishing. ISBN 9781910104200.
External links[edit]
On the Buses at TV.com
On the Buses at British Comedy Guide
On the Buses on IMDb
Official On the Buses Fanclub
Official On the Buses Facebook page
Official On the Buses Twitter account
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