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List of athletes who competed in both the Summer and Winter Olympic games
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Below is a list of athletes who competed in both the Summer and Winter Olympics, as of the end of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games.[1]
Prior to the first winter games in 1924, the winter sports of Figure skating and Ice hockey had been contested in the Summer Olympics. The creation of the first winter games allowed for many athletes of the era to compete in both sets of games in the same discipline,[2] and on this page these athletes are listed below the main list. The Russian athlete Nikolai Panin is unique in having competed in both a summer sport (shooting in 1912) and a winter sport (figure skating in 1908) but only competing at the Summer Olympics.[3]
Among these athletes, the most-occurring combination is bobsledding and athletics, followed by cycling and speed skating.[4] Other events competed in by Summer and Winter Olympians include fencing, track and field, sailing, ski jumping, and equestrian events. Only five of the 136 athletes won medals in both the Summer or Winter Olympics.[4][5] Eddie Eagan was the only athlete to win gold medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympics.[4][5] Some of the Olympians competed in both sets of games over a span of different decades.
Contents
[hide]
1 Athletes who competed in both Summer and Winter Olympics
2 Athletes who competed in both Summer and Winter Olympics in the same sport
3 Notes
4 References
Athletes who competed in both Summer and Winter Olympics[edit]
Denotes athlete who has won medals in both the Summer and Winter Olympics
Athlete
Nation
Summer Games
Summer Sport
Winter Games
Winter Sport
Number of Summer Games
Number of Winter Games
Total Number of Games
Déván, IstvánIstván Déván Hungary 1912 Athletics 1924 Cross-country skiing/Nordic combined 1 1 2[6]
Bremer, VäinöVäinö Bremer Finland 1924 Modern pentathlon 1924 Military patrol at the Winter Olympics 1 1 2[7]
Collin, AntonAnton Collin Finland 1924 Cycling 1924 Cross-country skiing 1 1 2[8]
Plūme, RobertsRoberts Plūme Latvia 1924/1928 Cycling 1924 Cross-country skiing 2 1 3[9]
Stoffel, CharlesCharles Stoffel Switzerland 1924/1928 Equestrian 1924/1928 Bobsleigh 2 2 4 [4]
Crivelli, GiuseppeGiuseppe Crivelli Italy 1924 Rowing 1928 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[10]
Houben, MaxMax Houben Belgium 1920 Athletics 1928/1932/1936/1948 Bobsleigh 1 4 5[4]
Tom, LéonLéon Tom Belgium 1912/1920/1924/1928 Fencing 1928 Bobsleigh 4 1 5[11]
Omorovicza, Tibor Heinrich vonTibor Heinrich von Omorovicza Hungary 1928/1936 Sailing 1928 Ice hockey 2 1 3[12]
Schäfer, KarlKarl Schäfer Austria 1928 Swimming 1928/1932/1936 Figure skating 1 3 4[13]
Støa, JohanJohan Støa Norway 1928 Athletics 1928 Cross-country skiing 1 1 2[14]
Szepes, BélaBéla Szepes Hungary 1928 Athletics 1924 Cross-country skiing/Nordic combined 1 1 2[15]
Van den Driessche, CarlosCarlos Van den Driessche Belgium 1928 Fencing 1924/1936 Ice hockey 1 2 3[16]
Van Volckxsom, PhilippePhilippe Van Volckxsom Belgium 1928 Rowing 1920/1924 Ice hockey/Speed skating 1 2 3[17]
Eagan, EddieEddie Eagan United States 1920/1924 Boxing 1932 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[2][18]
Van Hege, LouisLouis Van Hege Belgium 1920/1924 Football 1932 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[19]
Poplimont, AndréAndré Poplimont Belgium 1932 Fencing 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[20]
Farkas, MátyásMátyás Farkas Hungary 1928 Athletics 1936 Ice hockey 1 1 2[21]
Jurgens, ArvīdsArvīds Jurgens Latvia 1924 Football 1936 Ice hockey 1 1 2[22]
Legard, PercyPercy Legard Great Britain 1932/1936 Athletics 1936/1948 Nordic Combined 2 2 4[23]
Van Schelle, MartialMartial Van Schelle Belgium 1920/1924/1928 Swimming 1936 Bobsleigh 3 1 4[24]
Bergqvist, SvenSven Bergqvist Sweden 1936 Football 1936 Ice hockey 1 1 2[25]
Csák, IstvánIstván Csák Hungary 1936 Field Hockey 1936 Ice hockey 1 1 2[26]
Gudenus, Johann BaptistJohann Baptist Gudenus Austria 1936 Athletics 1932/1936 Bobsleigh 1 2 3[4]
Haraldsen, HarryHarry Haraldsen Norway 1936 Cycling 1936 Speed skating 1 1 2[27]
Háray, BélaBéla Háray Hungary 1936 Field Hockey 1936 Ice hockey 1 1 2[28]
Leban, KarlKarl Leban Austria 1936 Modern pentathlon 1936 Speed skating 1 1 2[29]
Moser, FritzFritz Moser Austria 1936 Rowing 1928 Speed skating 1 1 2[30]
Thams, Jacob TullinJacob Tullin Thams Norway 1936 Sailing 1924/1928 Ski jumping 1 2 3[2][18]
Szamosi, FerencFerenc Szamosi Hungary 1936 Field Hockey 1936 Ice hockey 1 1 2[31]
Zacharias, WilliWilli Zacharias Romania 1936 Handball 1936 Alpine Skiing/Cross-country skiing 1 1 2[32]
Frick, XaverXaver Frick Liechtenstein 1936 Athletics 1948 Cross-country skiing 1 1 2[33]
Elmsäter, ErikErik Elmsäter Sweden 1948 Athletics 1948/1952 Cross-country skiing/Nordic combined/ 1 2 3[34]
Musy, PierrePierre Musy Switzerland 1948 Equestrian 1936 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[35]
Nowak, OskarOskar Nowak Austria 1948 Field hockey 1936/1948 Ice hockey 1 2 3[36]
Casteleyns, AlbertAlbert Casteleyns Belgium 1936 Water Polo 1952/1956 Bobsleigh 1 2 3[37]
Guðmundsson, AriAri Guðmundsson Iceland 1948 Swimming 1952 Ski jumping 1 1 2[38]
Stokken, MartinMartin Stokken Norway 1948/1952 Athletics 1952/1956 Cross-country skiing 2 2 4[39]
Stöckli, FritzFritz Stöckli Switzerland 1948 Wrestling 1952 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[40]
Askersrud Tangen, JorunJorun Askersrud Tangen Norway 1952 Athletics 1952 Cross-country skiing 1 1 2[41]
Kuusela, KeijoKeijo Kuusela Finland 1952 Field hockey 1952 Ice hockey 1 1 2[42]
Mannsbarth, ArthurArthur Mannsbarth Austria 1952 Cycling 1952/1956 Speed skating 1 2 3[43]
Bobrov, VsevolodVsevolod Bobrov Soviet Union 1952 Football 1956 Ice hockey 1 1 2[44]
Keller, RuediRuedi Keller Switzerland 1952 Field hockey 1956 Ice hockey 1 1 2[45]
Knoll, HermannHermann Knoll Austria 1952 Field Hockey 1956/1964 Ice hockey 1 2 3[46]
Gulbrandsen, Bjørn OscarBjørn Oscar Gulbrandsen Norway 1956 Sailing 1952 Ice hockey 1 1 2[47]
Longsjo, ArtArt Longsjo United States 1956 Cycling 1956 Speed skating 1 1 2[48]
Kortelainen, JormaJorma Kortelainen Finland 1960 Rowing 1956 Cross-country skiing 1 1 2[49]
Posti, HannuHannu Posti Finland 1952 Athletics 1964 Biathlon 1 1 2[50]
Buisset, Jean-MarieJean-Marie Buisset Belgium 1964/1968/1972 Field hockey 1964 Bobsleigh 3 1 4[51]
Uhrlass, ArnoldArnold Uhrlass United States 1964 Cycling 1960 Speed skating 1 1 2[52]
Omedes, LuisLuis Omedes Spain 1952 Rowing 1968 Luge 1 1 2[53]
Boucher, BobBob Boucher Canada 1968 Cycling 1968 Speed skating 1 1 2[54]
Bouvy, CharlyCharly Bouvy Belgium 1968/1972 Field hockey 1964 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[55]
Hubacher, EdyEdy Hubacher Switzerland 1968 Athletics 1972 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[4]
Campbell, ColinColin Campbell Great Britain 1968/1972 Athletics 1976 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[23]
Schumann, ManfredManfred Schumann West Germany 1972 Athletics 1976 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[56]
Gilman, DavidDavid Gilman United States 1976/1984 Canoeing 1976 Luge 2 1 3[57]
Holloway, SueSue Holloway Canada 1976/1984 Canoeing 1976 Cross-country skiing 2 1 3 [58]
Beckman, RunaldRunald Beckman Sweden 1976 Athletics 1980 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[59]
Davenport, WillieWillie Davenport United States 1964/1968/1972/1976 Athletics 1980 Bobsleigh 4 1 5[4]
Röppänen, MauriMauri Röppänen Finland 1980/1984 Shooting 1972 Biathlon 2 1 3[60]
Harvey, PierrePierre Harvey Canada 1976/1984 Cycling 1984/1988 Cross-country skiing 2 2 4[61]
Strittmatter, RolfRolf Strittmatter Switzerland 1980 Athletics 1984 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[62]
Carpenter-Phinney, ConnieConnie Carpenter-Phinney United States 1984 Cycling 1972 Speed skating 1 1 2[63]
Johansson, TommyTommy Johansson Sweden 1984 Athletics 1984 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[64]
Lindner, JohannJohann Lindner Austria 1984/1988/1992 Athletics 1984 Bobsleigh 3 1 4[65]
Foster, JohnJohn Foster Virgin Islands 1972/1976/1984/1988/1992 Sailing 1988 Bobsleigh 5 1 6[66]
Guss, LloydLloyd Guss Canada 1984 Athletics 1988 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[67]
Masson, AlainAlain Masson Canada 1984 Cycling 1988/1992 Cross-country skiing 1 2 3[68]
Bessi, GilbertGilbert Bessi Monaco 1988 Athletics 1988/1992/1994/1998 Bobsleigh 1 4 5[69]
Harris, MadonnaMadonna Harris New Zealand 1988 Cycling 1988 Cross-country skiing 1 1 2[70]
Hashimoto, SeikoSeiko Hashimoto Japan 1988/1992/1996 Cycling 1984/1988/1992/1994 Speed skating 3 4 7[71]
Luding-Rothenburger, ChristaChrista Luding-Rothenburger East Germany
Germany 1988 Cycling 1984/1988/1992 Speed skating 1 3 4[2][18]
Paraskevin-Young, ConnieConnie Paraskevin-Young United States 1988/1992/1996 Cycling 1984 Speed skating 3 1 4[72]
Seki, NatsueNatsue Seki Japan 1988 Cycling 1988 Speed skating 1 1 2[73]
Bonnet, JorgeJorge Bonnet Puerto Rico 1984/1988 Judo 1992/1994/1998 Bobsleigh 2 3 5[74]
Elizondo, MiguelMiguel Elizondo Mexico 1988 Athletics 1992 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[75]
Hrabaň, RomanRoman Hrabaň Czechoslovakia 1988 Athletics 1992 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[76]
Narracott, PaulPaul Narracott Australia 1984 Athletics 1992 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[77]
Haringa, IngridIngrid Haringa Netherlands 1992/1996 Cycling 1988 Speed skating 2 1 3[78]
Milenković, AleksandarAleksandar Milenković Yugoslavia
Independent Olympic Athletes
Serbia and Montenegro 1992 Cycling 1992/2006 Biathlon skiing
Cross-country skiing 1 2 3[79]
Nicholson, ChrisChris Nicholson New Zealand 1992 Cycling 1992/1994 Short track speed skating 1 2 3[80]
Gilbert, GlenroyGlenroy Gilbert Canada 1988/1992/1996/2000 Athletics 1994 Bobsleigh 4 1 5[81]
Herbert, JohnJohn Herbert Great Britain 1984 Athletics 1994 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[23]
de Wit, RobertRobert de Wit Netherlands 1988/1992 Athletics 1994 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[82]
Schützenauer, MartinMartin Schützenauer Austria 1996 Athletics 1992/1994/1998/2002 Bobsleigh 1 4 5[83]
Neumannová, KateřinaKateřina Neumannová Czechoslovakia
Czech Republic 1996 Cycling 1992/1994/1998/2002/2006 Cross-country skiing 1 5 6[84]
McHugh, TerryTerry McHugh Ireland 1988/1992/1996/2000 Athletics 1998/2002 Bobsleigh 4 2 6[85]
Nash, KateřinaKateřina Nash Czech Republic 1996/2012 Cycling 1998/2002 Cross-country skiing 2 2 4[86]
Voss, TorstenTorsten Voss East Germany
Germany 1988 Athletics 1998 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[4]
Gyulai, MiklósMiklós Gyulai Hungary 2000 Athletics 1994 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[87]
Lunde, JeanetteJeanette Lunde Norway 2000 Sailing 1994 Alpine Skiing 1 1 2[88]
Wickenheiser, HayleyHayley Wickenheiser Canada 2000 Softball 1998/2002/2006/2010/2014 Ice hockey 1 5 6[89]
Villeneuve, SophieSophie Villeneuve France 2000 Cycling 1992/1994/1998 Cross-country skiing 1 3 4[90]
Witty, ChrisChris Witty United States 2000 Cycling 1994/1998/2002/2006 Speed skating 1 4 5[91]
Adam, MarcusMarcus Adam Great Britain 1992 Athletics 2002 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[92]
Bellutti, AntonellaAntonella Bellutti Italy 1996/2000 Cycling 2002 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[93]
da Silva, ClaudineiClaudinei da Silva Brazil 1996/2000 Athletics 2002 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[94]
Harries, PhilPhil Harries Great Britain 1988 Athletics 2002 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[23]
Hughes, ClaraClara Hughes Canada 1996/2000/2012 Cycling 2002/2006/2010 Speed skating 3 3 6[2][18]
Vanderka, MariánMarián Vanderka Slovakia 2000 Athletics 2002 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[95]
Beck, TimothyTimothy Beck Netherlands 2004 Athletics 2002 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[96]
Bos, JanJan Bos Netherlands 2004 Cycling 1998/2002/2006/2010 Speed skating 1 4 5 [97]
Gattuso, SébastienSébastien Gattuso Monaco 2004/2008 Athletics 2002/2010/2014 Bobsleigh 2 3 5[98]
Inocêncio, Matheus FachoMatheus Facho Inocêncio Brazil 2004 Athletics 2002 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[99]
Kürti, ÉvaÉva Kürti Hungary 2004 Athletics 2002 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[100]
Osuga, SayuriSayuri Osuga Japan 2004 Cycling 2002/2006 Speed skating 1 2 3[101]
Radanova, EvgeniaEvgenia Radanova Bulgaria 2004 Cycling 1994/1998/2002/2006/2010 Short track speed skating 1 5 6[102]
Straathof, JeroenJeroen Straathof Netherlands 2004 Cycling 1994 Speed skating 1 1 2[103][Note 1]
Aoto, ShinjiShinji Aoto Japan 1988/1992 Athletics 2006 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[104]
Grabušić, JuricaJurica Grabušić Croatia 2004/2008 Athletics 2006 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[105]
Krajačić, SlavenSlaven Krajačić Croatia 2000 Athletics 2006/2010 Bobsleigh 1 2 3[106]
Kürtösi, ZsoltZsolt Kürtösi Hungary 1996/2000 Athletics 2006 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[107]
Margl, TamásTamás Margl Hungary 2004 Athletics 2006 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[108]
Mourão, JaquelineJaqueline Mourão Brazil 2004/2008 Cycling 2006/2010/2014 Cross-country skiing 2 3 5[109]
Vojnović, DejanDejan Vojnović Croatia 2000 Athletics 2006 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[110]
Gyenesei, LeilaLeila Gyenesei Hungary 2008 Modern pentathlon 2006 Cross-country skiing 1 1 2[111]
Condon, AllynAllyn Condon Great Britain 2000 Athletics 2010 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[23]
Haklits, AndrásAndrás Haklits Croatia 2000/2004/2008/2012 Athletics 2010 Bobsleigh 4 1 5[112]
Lopuchovský, MarcelMarcel Lopuchovský Slovakia 2000 Athletics 2010 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[113]
Stulneva, OlgaOlga Stulneva Russia 2008 Athletics 2010/2014 Bobsleigh 1 2 3[114]
Tešovič, MartinMartin Tešovič Slovakia 1996/2004/2012 Weightlifting 2010 Bobsleigh 3 1 4[115]
Barnett, BryanBryan Barnett Canada 2008 Athletics 2014 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[116]
Jones, LoloLolo Jones United States 2008/2012 Athletics 2014 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[2][18]
Mariën, HannaHanna Mariën Belgium 2008 Athletics 2014 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[117]
Pittman, JanaJana Pittman Australia 2000/2004 Athletics 2014 Bobsleigh 2 1 3[118]
Williams, LaurynLauryn Williams United States 2004/2008/2012 Athletics 2014 Bobsleigh 3 1 4[119]
Simmerling, GeorgiaGeorgia Simmerling Canada 2016 Cycling 2006/2010/2014 Alpine skiing/Freestyle skiing 1 3 4[120]
van Riessen, LaurineLaurine van Riessen Netherlands 2016 Cycling 2010/2014 Speed skating 1 2 3[121]
Vrabcová-Nývltová, EvaEva Vrabcová-Nývltová Czech Republic 2016 Athletics 2006/2010/2014 Cross-country skiing 1 3 4[122]
Adigun, SeunSeun Adigun Nigeria 2012 Athletics 2018 Bobsleigh 1 1 2[123]
Taufatofua, PitaPita Taufatofua Tonga 2016 Taekwondo 2018 Cross-country skiing 1 1 2[124]
Athletes who competed in both Summer and Winter Olympics in the same sport[edit]
Athlete
Nation
Summer Games
Summer Sport
Winter Games
Winter Sport
Number of Summer Games
Number of Winter Games
Total Number of Games
Arwe, WilhelmWilhelm Arwe Sweden 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[125]
Burman, EricEric Burman Sweden 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[126]
Charpentier, PierrePierre Charpentier France 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[127]
de Rauch, AlfredAlfred de Rauch France 1920 Ice hockey 1924/1928 Ice hockey 1 2 3[128]
Drury, HerbHerb Drury United States 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[129]
Dufour, LouisLouis Dufour Switzerland 1920 Ice hockey 1924/1928 Ice hockey 1 2 3[130]
Grafström, GillisGillis Grafström Sweden 1920 Figure skating 1924/1928/1932 Figure skating 1 3 4[2][18]
Herbos, GeorgetteGeorgette Herbos Belgium 1920 Figure skating 1924 Figure skating 1 1 2[131]
Jaccard, MariusMarius Jaccard Switzerland 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[132]
Jakobsson-Eilers, LudovikaLudovika Jakobsson-Eilers Finland 1920 Figure skating 1924/1928 Figure skating 1 2 3[133]
Jakobsson, WalterWalter Jakobsson Finland 1920 Figure skating 1924/1928 Figure skating 1 2 3[134]
Leuzinger, BrunoBruno Leuzinger Switzerland 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[135]
Loos, VilémVilém Loos Czechoslovakia 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[136]
Molandern, NilsNils Molandern Sweden 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[137]
Muckelt, EthelEthel Muckelt Great Britain 1920 Figure skating 1924/1928 Figure skating 1 2 3[138]
Niles, NathanielNathaniel Niles United States 1920 Figure skating 1924/1928 Figure skating 1 2 3[139]
Palouš, JanJan Palouš Czechoslovakia 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[140]
Peka, JanJan Peka Czechoslovakia 1920 Ice hockey 1924/1928/1936 Ice hockey 1 3 4[141]
Pešek, KarelKarel Pešek Czechoslovakia 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[142]
Quaglia, LéonhardLéonhard Quaglia France 1920 Ice hockey 1924/1928 Ice hockey/Speed skating 1 2 3[143]
Sabouret, CharlesCharles Sabouret France 1920 Figure skating 1924 Figure skating 1 1 2[144]
Sabouret, SimoneSimone Sabouret France 1920 Figure skating 1924 Figure skating 1 1 2[145]
Savoie, RenéRené Savoie Switzerland 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[146]
Šroubek, JosefJosef Šroubek Czechoslovakia 1920 Ice hockey 1924/1928 Ice hockey 1 2 3[147]
Synnott, FrankFrank Synnott United States 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[148]
Vindyš, OtakarOtakar Vindyš Czechoslovakia 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[149]
Van Volckxsom, PhilippePhilippe Van Volckxsom Belgium 1920 Ice hockey 1924 Ice hockey 1 1 2[17]
Wagemans, GeorgesGeorges Wagemans Belgium 1920 Figure skating 1924 Figure skating 1 1 2[150]
Weld, TheresaTheresa Weld United States 1920 Figure skating 1924/1928 Figure skating 1 2 3[151]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Straathof also joined the 2000 Paralympics, where he won a gold medal, and is the only athlete to compete at summer, winter, and Paralympics.
References[edit]
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Jump up ^ "Lauryn Williams eyes Olympic history". ESPN. 18 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Georgia Simmerling". Sports Reference. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Laurine van Riessen". Sports Reference. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Eva Vrabcová-Nývltová". Sports Reference. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nigeria bobsled driver Seun Adigun -- 'Don't fear the unknown'". ESPN. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
Jump up ^ "Tonga flag bearer from Rio qualifies for Winter Olympics". NBC. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
Jump up ^ "Wilhelm Arwe". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Eric Burman". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Pierre Charpentier". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Alfred de Rauch". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Herb Drury". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Louis Dufour". Sports Reference. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Georgette Herbos". Sports Reference. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Marius Jaccard". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ludovika Jakobsson-Eilers". Sports Reference. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Walter Jakobsson". Sports Reference. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Bruno Leuzinger". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Vilém Loos". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nils Molander". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Ethel Muckelt". Sports Reference. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Nathaniel Niles". Sports Reference. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Jan Palouš". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Jan Peka". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Karel Pešek". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Léonhard Quaglia". Sports Reference. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Charles Sabouret". Sports Reference. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Simone Sabouret". Sports Reference. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "René Savoie". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Josef Šroubek". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Frank Synnott". Sports Reference. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Otakar Vindyš". Sports Reference. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Georges Wagemans". Sports Reference. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Theresa Weld-Blanchard". Sports Reference. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
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Fisher (animal)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Not to be confused with the fishing cat, a medium-sized wild felid.
For other uses, see Fisher (disambiguation).
Fisher
At Mount Rainier National Park
Conservation status

Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Mustelidae
Genus: Pekania
Species: P. pennanti
Binomial name
Pekania pennanti
(Erxleben, 1777)
Fisher range
Synonyms
List[show]
Mustela pennantii Erxleben, 1777
Mustela canadensis Schreber, 1788
Mustela melanorhyncha Boddaert, 1784
Mustela zibellina nigra Kerr, 1792
Viverra piscator Shaw, 1800
Viverra canadensis Shaw, 1800
Mustela nigra Turton, 1802
Mustela piscatoria Lesson, 1827
Martes pennantii Smith, 1843
Martes pennanti Coues, 1877
The fisher (Pekania pennanti) is a small, carnivorous mammal native to North America. It is a member of the mustelid family (commonly referred to as the weasel family), and is in the monospecific genus Pekania. The fisher is closely related to, but larger than the American marten (Martes americana). The fisher is a forest-dwelling creature whose range covers much of the boreal forest in Canada to the northern United States. Names derived from aboriginal languages include pekan, pequam, wejack, and woolang. It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as a fisher cat, although it is not a feline.[2]
Males and females look similar. Adult males are 90 to 120 cm (35–47 in) long and weigh 3.5 to 6.0 kilograms (8–13 lb). Adult females are 75 to 95 cm (30–37 in) long and weigh 2.0 to 2.5 kg (4–6 lb). The fur of the fisher varies seasonally, being denser and glossier in the winter. During the summer, the color becomes more mottled, as the fur goes through a moulting cycle. The fisher prefers to hunt in full forest. Although an agile climber, it spends most of its time on the forest floor, where it prefers to forage around fallen trees. An omnivore, the fisher feeds on a wide variety of small animals and occasionally on fruits and mushrooms. It prefers the snowshoe hare and is one of the few animals able to prey successfully on porcupines. Despite its common name, the fisher rarely eats fish.
The reproductive cycle of the fisher lasts almost a year. Female fishers give birth to a litter of three or four kits in the spring. They nurse and care for their kits until late summer, when they are old enough to set out on their own. Females enter estrus shortly after giving birth and leave the den to find a mate. Implantation of the blastocyst is delayed until the following spring, when they give birth and the cycle is renewed.
Fishers have few predators besides humans. They have been trapped since the 18th century for their fur. Their pelts were in such demand that they were extirpated from several parts of the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Conservation and protection measures have allowed the species to rebound, but their current range is still reduced from its historic limits. In the 1920s, when pelt prices were high, some fur farmers attempted to raise fishers. However, their unusual delayed reproduction made breeding difficult. When pelt prices fell in the late 1940s, most fisher farming ended. While fishers usually avoid human contact, encroachments into forest habitats have resulted in some conflicts.
Contents
1 Etymology
2 Taxonomy
2.1 Evolution
3 Biology and behavior
3.1 Physical characteristics
3.2 Hunting and diet
3.3 Reproduction
3.4 Social structure and home range
3.5 Parasites
4 Habitat
5 Distribution
6 Fishers and people
6.1 Fur trade and conservation
6.2 Captivity
6.3 Interactions with domestic animals
6.4 Poisoning
6.5 Literature
7 References
8 Further reading
9 External links
Etymology[edit]
Despite the name "fisher", the animal is not known to eat fish. The name is instead related to the word "fitch", meaning a European polecat (Mustela putorius) or pelt thereof, due to the resemblance to that animal. The name comes from colonial Dutch equivalent fisse or visse. In the French language, the pelt of a polecat is also called fiche or fichet.[3]
In some regions, the fisher is known as a pekan, derived from its name in the Abenaki language. Wejack is an Algonquian word (cf. Cree wuchak, otchock, Ojibwa ojiig) borrowed by fur traders. Other American Indian names for the fisher are Chipewyan thacho[4] and Carrier chunihcho,[5] both meaning "big marten", and Wabanaki uskool.[3]
Taxonomy[edit]
Skull diagram
The Latin specific name pennanti honors Thomas Pennant, who described the fisher in 1771. Buffon had first described the creature in 1765, calling it a pekan. Pennant examined the same specimen, but called it a fisher, unaware of Buffon's earlier description. Other 18th-century scientists gave it similar names, such as Schreber, who named it Mustela canadensis, and Boddaert, who named it Mustela melanorhyncha.[6] The fisher was eventually placed in the genus Martes by Smith in 1843.[7] In 2008, advances in DNA analysis allowed a more detailed study of the fisher's evolutionary history. The fisher and the Martes genera were determined to have descended from a common ancestor, but the fisher was distinct enough to put it in its own genera. It was decided to create the genus Pekania and reclassify the fisher as Pekania pennanti.[8]
Members of the genus Pekania are distinguished by their four premolar teeth on the upper and lower jaws. Its close relative Mustela has just three. The fisher has 38 teeth. The dentition formula is: 3.1.4.12.1.4.2[9]
Evolution[edit]
Some evidence shows that ancestors of the fisher migrated to North America during the Pliocene era between 2.5 and 5.0 million years ago. Two extinct mustelids, M. palaeosinensis and M. anderssoni, have been found in eastern Asia. The first true fisher, M. divuliana, has only been found in North America. M. divuliana is strongly indicated to be related to the Asian finds, which suggests a migration. M. pennanti has been found as early as the Late Pleistocene era, about 125,000 years ago. No major differences are seen between the Pleistocene fisher and the modern fisher. Fossil evidence indicates that the fisher's range extended farther south than it does today.[3]
Three subspecies were identified by Goldman in 1935, M. p. columbiana, M. p. pacifica, and M. p. pennanti. Later research has debated whether these subspecies could be positively identified. In 1959, E.M. Hagmeier concluded that the subspecies are not separable based on either fur or skull characteristics. Although some debate still exists, in general, the fisher is recognized to be a monotypic species with no extant subspecies.[10]
Biology and behavior[edit]
Physical characteristics[edit]
Fisher in winter coat
Fishers are a medium-sized mammal, comparable in size to the domestic cat. Their bodies are long, thin, and low to the ground. The sexes have similar physical features, but they are sexually dimorphic in size, with the male being much larger than the female. Males are 90 to 120 cm (35–47 in) in length and weigh 3.5 to 6.0 kg (8–13 lb). Females measure 75 to 95 cm (30–37 in) and weigh 2.0 to 2.5 kg (4–6 lb).[11][12] The largest male fisher ever recorded weighed 9 kg (20 lb).[13]
The fisher's fur changes with the season and differs slightly between sexes. Males have coarser coats than females. In the early winter, the coats are dense and glossy, ranging from 30 mm (1 in) on the chest to 70 mm (3 in) on the back. The color ranges from deep brown to black, although it appears to be much blacker in the winter when contrasted with white snow. From the face to the shoulders, fur can be hoary-gold or silver due to tricolored guard hairs. The underside of a fisher is almost completely brown except for randomly placed patches of white or cream-colored fur. In the summer, the fur color is more variable and may lighten considerably. Fishers undergo moulting starting in late summer and finishing by November or December.[14]
Fishers have five toes on each foot, with unsheathed, retractable claws.[3] Their feet are large, making it easier for them to move on top of snow packs. In addition to the toes, four central pads are on each foot. On the hind paws are coarse hairs that grow between the pads and the toes, giving them added traction when walking on slippery surfaces.[15] Fishers have highly mobile ankle joints that can rotate their hind paws almost 180°, allowing them to maneuver well in trees and climb down head-first.[16][17] The fisher is one of relatively few mammalian species with the ability to descend trees head-first.[18]
A circular patch of hair on the central pad of their hind paws marks plantar glands that give off a distinctive odor. Since these patches become enlarged during breeding season, they are likely used to make a scent trail to allow fishers to find each other so they can mate.[15]
Hunting and diet[edit]
Fishers are generalist predators. Although their primary prey is snowshoe hares and porcupines, they are also known to supplement their diet with insects, nuts, berries, and mushrooms. Since they are solitary hunters, their choice of prey is limited by their size. Analyses of stomach contents and scat have found evidence of birds, small mammals, and even deer—the latter two indicating that they are not averse to eating carrion. Fishers have been seen to feed on deer carcasses.[19] While the behavior is not common, fishers have been known to kill larger animals, such as wild turkey, bobcat, and lynx.[20][21][22]
Fishers are one of the few predators that seek out and kill porcupines. Stories in popular literature indicate that fishers can flip a porcupine onto its back and "scoop out its belly like a ripe melon".[23] This was identified as an exaggerated misconception as early as 1966.[24] Observational studies show that fishers make repeated biting attacks on the face of a porcupine and kill it after about 25–30 minutes.[25]
Reproduction[edit]
The female fisher begins to breed at about one year of age and her reproductive cycle is an almost year-long event. Mating takes place in late March to early April. Blastocyst implantation is then delayed for 10 months until mid-February of the following year when active pregnancy begins. After gestating for about 50 days, the female gives birth to one to four kits.[26] The female then enters estrus 7–10 days later and the breeding cycle begins again.[27]
Females den in hollow trees. Kits are born blind and helpless. They are partially covered with fine hair. Kits begin to crawl after about 3 weeks. After about 7 weeks, they open their eyes. They start to climb after 8 weeks. Kits are completely dependent on their mother's milk for the first 8–10 weeks, after which they begin to switch to a solid diet. After 4 months, kits become intolerant of their litter mates, and at 5 months, the mother pushes them out on their own. After one year, juveniles will have established their own range.[27]
Social structure and home range[edit]
Fishers are generally crepuscular, being most active at dawn and dusk. They are active year-round, and are solitary, associating with other fishers only for mating. Males become more active during mating season. Females are least active during pregnancy and gradually increase activity after birth of their kits.[27]
A fisher's hunting range varies from 6.6 km2 (3 sq mi) in the summer to 14.1 km2 (5 sq mi) in the winter. Ranges up to 20.0 km2 (8 sq mi) in the winter are possible depending on the quality of the habitat. Male and female fishers have overlapping territories. This behavior is imposed on females by males due to dominance in size and a male's desire to increase mating success.[28]
Parasites[edit]
Parasites of fishers include Baylisascaris devosi, Taenia sibirica, nematode Physaloptera sp., Alaria mustelae, trematode Metorchis conjunctus, nematode Trichinella spiralis, and Molineus sp.[29]
Habitat[edit]
A fisher in the woods near Ipswich, Massachusetts
Although fishers are competent tree climbers, they spend most of their time on the forest floor and prefer continuous forest to other habitats. They have been found in extensive conifer forests typical of the boreal forest, but are also common in mixed-hardwood and conifer forests. Fishers prefer areas with continuous overhead cover with greater than 80% coverage and avoid areas with less than 50% coverage.[30] Fishers are more likely to be found in old-growth forests. Since female fishers require moderately large trees for denning, forests that have been heavily logged and have extensive second growth appears to be unsuitable for their needs.[31]
Fishers also select for forest floors with large amounts of coarse woody debris. In western forests, where fire regularly removes understory debris, fishers show a preference for riparian woodland habitat.[28][32][33] Fishers tend to avoid areas with deep snow. Habitat is also affected by snow compaction and moisture content.[34]
Distribution[edit]
A fisher climbing a tree at night
Fishers are widespread throughout the northern forests of North America. They are found from Nova Scotia in the east to the Pacific shore of British Columbia and Alaska. They can be found as far north as Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories and as far south as the mountains of Oregon. Isolated populations occur in the Sierra Nevada of California and the Appalachian Mountains of Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia,[35] and Virginia.[36]
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, fishers were virtually eliminated from the southern and eastern parts of their range, including most American states and eastern Canada including Nova Scotia. Overtrapping and loss of forest habitat were the reasons for the decline.[37][38]
Most states had placed restrictions on fisher trapping by the 1930s, coincidental with the end of the logging boom. A combination of forest regrowth in abandoned farmlands and improved forest management practices increased available habitat and allowed remnant populations to recover. Populations have since recovered sufficiently that the species is no longer endangered. Increasing forest cover in eastern North America means that fisher populations will remain sufficiently robust for the near future. Between 1955 and 1985, some states had allowed limited trapping to resume. In areas where fishers were eliminated, porcupine populations subsequently increased. Areas with a high density of porcupines were found to have extensive damage to timber crops. In these cases, fishers were reintroduced by releasing adults relocated from other places into the forest. Once the fisher populations became re-established, porcupine numbers returned to natural levels.[39] In Washington, fisher sightings were reported into the 1980s, but an extensive survey in the 1990s did not locate any.[40]
Scattered fisher populations now exist in the Pacific Northwest. In 1961, fishers from British Columbia and Minnesota were reintroduced in Oregon to the southern Cascades near Klamath Falls and to the Wallowa Mountains near La Grande. From 1977–1980, fishers were introduced to the region around Crater Lake.[41] Starting in January 2008, fishers were reintroduced into Washington State.[42] The initial reintroduction was on the Olympic peninsula (90 animals), with subsequent reintroductions into the south Cascade Mountains. The reintroduced animals are monitored by radio collars and remote cameras, and have been shown to be reproducing.[43] From 2008 to 2011, about 40 fishers were reintroduced in the northern Sierra Nevada near Stirling City, complementing fisher populations in Yosemite National Park and along California's northern boundary between the Pacific Coast Ranges and the Klamath Mountains.[44] Fishers are a protected species in Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming. In Idaho and California, fishers are protected through a closed trapping season, but they are not afforded any specific protection;[45] however, in California the fisher has been granted threatened status under the Endangered Species Act.[46] In June 2011, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recommended that fishers be removed from the endangered list in Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming.[12]
Recent studies, as well as anecdotal evidence, show that fishers have begun making inroads into suburban backyards, farmland, and periurban areas in several US states and eastern Canada, as far south as most of northern Massachusetts, New York,[47][48] Connecticut,[49] Minnesota and Iowa,[50] and even rural New Jersey.[51] Having virtually disappeared after the construction of the Cape Cod Canal in the early 1900s, some reports have shown that populations have become re-established on Cape Cod,[52][53][54] although the populations are likely smaller than the populations in the western part of New England.[55][56]
Fishers and people[edit]
Fishers have had a long history of contact with humans, but most of it has been to the detriment of fisher populations. Unprovoked attacks on humans are extremely rare, but fishers will attack if they feel threatened or cornered. In one case, a fisher was blamed for an attack on a 6-year-old boy.[57][58] In another case, a fisher is believed to be responsible for an attack on a 12-year-old boy.[59]
Fur trade and conservation[edit]
Fisher pelts sold: 1920–1984[60][61]
Fishers have been trapped since the 18th century. They have been popular with trappers due to the value of their fur, which has been used for scarves and neck pieces. The best pelts are from winter trapping, with secondary-quality pelts from spring trapping. The lowest-quality furs come from out-of-season trapping when fishers are moulting. They are easily trapped, and the value of their fur was a particular incentive for catching this species.[62]
Prices for pelts have varied considerably over the past 100 years. They were highest in the 1920s and 1930s, when average prices were about US$100.[63] In 1936, pelts were being offered for sale in New York City for $450–750 per pelt.[64] Prices declined through the 1960s, but picked up again in the late 1970s. In 1979, the Hudson's Bay Company paid $410 for one female pelt.[64] In 1999, 16,638 pelts were sold in Canada for C$449,307 at an average price of $27.[65]
Between 1900 and 1940, fishers were threatened with near extinction in the southern part of their range due to overtrapping and alterations to their habitat. In New England, fishers, along with most other furbearers, were nearly exterminated due to unregulated trapping. Fishers became extirpated in many northern U.S. states after 1930, but were still abundant enough in Canada to maintain a harvest over 3,000 fishers per year. Limited protection was afforded in the early 20th century, but total protection was not given to the few remaining fishers until 1934. Closed seasons, habitat recovery, and reintroductions have restored fishers to much of their original range.[3]
Trapping resumed in the U.S. after 1962, once numbers had recovered sufficiently. During the early 1970s, the value of fisher pelts soared, leading to another population crash in 1976. After a few years of closed seasons, fisher trapping reopened in 1979 with a shortened season and restricted bag limits. The population has steadily increased since then, with steadily increasing numbers of trapped animals, despite a much lower pelt value.[60]
Captivity[edit]
Fisher fur pelt (dyed)
Fishers have been captured live for fur farming, zoo specimens, and scientific research. From 1920–1946, pelt prices averaged about C$137. Since pelts were relatively valuable, attempts were made to raise fishers on farms. Fur farming was popular with other species such as mink and ermine, so the same techniques were thought to be applicable to fishers. However, farmers found it difficult to raise fishers due to their unusual reproductive cycle. In general, knowledge of delayed implantation in fishers was unknown at the time. Farmers noted that females mated in the spring but did not give birth. Due to declining pelt prices, most fisher farms closed operations by the late 1940s.[66]
Fishers have also been captured and bred by zoos, but they are not a common zoo species. Fishers are poor animals to exhibit because, in general, they hide from visitors all day. Some zoos have had difficulty keeping fishers alive since they are susceptible to many diseases in captivity.[67] Yet at least one example shows a fisher kept in captivity that lived to be 10 years old, and another living to be about 14 years old,[68] well beyond its natural lifespan of 7 years.[69][70]
In 1974, R.A. Powell raised two fisher kits for the purpose of performing scientific research. His primary interest was an attempt to measure the activity of fishers to determine how much food the animals required to function. He did this by running them through treadmill exercises that simulated activity in the wild. He compared this to their food intake and used the data to estimate daily food requirements. The research lasted for two years. After one year, one of the fishers died due to unknown causes. The second was released back into the wilderness of Michigan's Upper Peninsula.[71]
Interactions with domestic animals[edit]
Fisher raiding a farmer's duck coop
In some areas, fishers can become pests to farmers when they raid chicken coops. A few instances of fishers preying on cats and small dogs have been reported;[72][73][74][75][76][77] but in general, the evidence suggests these attacks are rare. A 1979 study examined the stomach contents of all fishers trapped in the state of New Hampshire; cat hairs were found in only one of over 1,000 stomachs.[78] More recent studies in suburban upstate New York and Massachusetts found no cat remains in 24 and 226 fisher diet samples (scat and stomach contents), respectively.[79] While a popular belief exists for more frequent attacks on pets, zoologists suggest bobcats or coyotes are more likely to prey upon domestic cats and chickens.
Poisoning[edit]
Male fisher killed by anticoagulant rodenticide on a marijuana grow site on US Forest Service lands, southern Sierra Nevada mountains
In 2012, a study conducted by Integral Ecology Research Center, UC Davis, U.S. Forest Service, and the Hoopa tribe showed that fishers in California were exposed to and killed by anticoagulant rodenticides associated with marijuana cultivation.[80] In this study, 79% of fishers that were tested in California were exposed to an average of 1.61 different anticoagulant rodenticides and four fishers died directly attributed to these toxicants. A 2015 follow-up study building on these data determined that the trend of exposure and mortality from these toxicants increased to 85%, that California fishers were now exposed to an average of 1.73 different anticoagulant rodenticides, and that 9 more fishers died, bringing the total to 13.[81] The extent of marijuana cultivation within fishers' home ranges was highlighted in a 2013 study focusing on fisher survival and impacts from marijuana cultivation within the Sierra National Forest.[82] Fishers had an average of 5.3 individual grow sites within their home range.[82] One fisher had 16 individual grow sites within its territory.
Literature[edit]
One of the first mentions of fishers in literature occurred in The Audubon Book of True Nature Stories. Robert Snyder relates a tale of his encounter with fishers in the woods of the Adirondack Mountains of New York. He recounts three sightings, including one where he witnessed a fisher attacking a porcupine.[83]
In Winter of the Fisher, Cameron Langford relates a fictional encounter between a fisher and an aging recluse living in the forest. The recluse frees the fisher from a trap and nurses it back to health. The fisher tolerates the attention, but being a wild animal, returns to the forest when well enough. Langford uses the ecology and known habits of the fisher to weave a tale of survival and tolerance in the northern woods of Canada.[84]
Fishers are mentioned in several other books, including The Blood Jaguar (an animal shaman), Ereth's Birthday (a porcupine hunter) and in The Sign of the Beaver, where a fisher is thought to have been caught in a trap.[85][86][87]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Reid, F.; Helgen, K. (2008). "Pekania pennanti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved August 21, 2016. Database entry includes a brief justification of why this species is of least concern
Jump up ^ "About Fishers". Mass Audubon. Retrieved 2018-09-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Powell, R.A. (1981). "Mammalian Species: Martes pennanti" (PDF). The American Society of Mammalogists: 156:1–6. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Fort Resolution Chipewyan Dictionary" (PDF). January 22, 2011. p. 40. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Poser, William J. (1998). Nak'albun/Dzinghubun Whut'enne Bughuni (Stuart/Trembleur Lake Carrier Lexicon), 2nd edition. Vanderhoof, BC: Yinka Dene Language Institute.
Jump up ^ Coues, p. 66.
Jump up ^ Powell, pp. 11–12.
Jump up ^ Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Deere, Kerry A; Slater, Graham J; Begg, Colleen; Begg, Keith; Grassman, Lon; Lucherini, Mauro; Veron, Geraldine; Wayne, Robert K (February 14, 2008). "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation". BMC Biology. 6 (10).
Jump up ^ Powell, p. 12.
Jump up ^ Powell, p. 14.
Jump up ^ "Martes pennanti: Fisher". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Fisher". 2011.
Jump up ^ Powell, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Powell, pp. 4–6.
^ Jump up to: a b Powell, p. 9.
Jump up ^ Fergus, p. 101.
Jump up ^ Nations, Johnathan A.; Link, Olson. "Scansoriality in Mammals". Animal Diversity Web.
Jump up ^ Alexander, R. McNeill (2003). Principles of animal locomotion. Princeton University Press. p. 162. ISBN 0-691-08678-8.
Jump up ^ Fergus, p. 102.
Jump up ^ "Ecological Characteristics of Fishers in the Southern Oregon Cascade Range" (PDF). USDA Forest Service – Pacific Northwest Research Station 2006.
Jump up ^ Vashon, Jennifer; Vashon, Adam; Crowley, Shannon. "Partnership for Lynx Conservation in Main December 2001 – December 2002 Field Report" (PDF). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. p. 9.
Jump up ^ Richardson, John (March 17, 2010). "Researchers collect data to track health of, threats to Canada lynx". The Portland Press Herald. Pressherald.com. Archived from the original on November 14, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Doyle, Brian (March 6, 2006). "Fishering". High Country News. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Coulter, M.W. (1966). Ecology and management of fishers in Maine. (Ph.D. thesis). Syracuse, N.Y.: St. Univ. Coll. Forest. Syracuse University.
Jump up ^ Powell, pp. 134–6.
Jump up ^ Burt, Henry W. (1976) A Field Guide to the Mammals. Boston, p. 55. ISBN 0-395-24084-0.
^ Jump up to: a b c Feldhamer, pp. 638–9.
^ Jump up to: a b Feldhamer, p. 641.
Jump up ^ Dick T. A & Leonard R. D. (1979). "Helminth parasites of fisher Martes pennanti (Erxleben) from Manitoba, Canada". Journal of Wildlife Diseases 15(3): 409-412. PMID 574167.
Jump up ^ Powell, p. 88.
Jump up ^ Powell, p. 92.
Jump up ^ "Fisher Martes pennanti". Defenders of Wildlife. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Martes pennanti: North American range map". Discover Life. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Powell, p. 93.
Jump up ^ Feldhamer, p. 636.
Jump up ^ "fisher | VDGIF". www.dgif.virginia.gov. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
Jump up ^ Powell, p. 77.
Jump up ^ Hardisky, Thomas, ed. (July 2001). "Pennsylvania Fisher Reintroduction Project". Pennsylvania Game Commission, Bureau of Wildlife Management. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 25, 2012. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ Powell, pp. 77–80.
Jump up ^ "Threatened and Endangered Wildlife in Washington: 2012 Annual Report" (PDF).
Jump up ^ Keith B. Aubry; Jeffrey C. Lewis (November 2003). "Extirpation and reintroduction of fishers (Martes pennanti) in Oregon: implications for their conservation in the Pacific states". Biological Conservation. 114: 79–90. doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00003-X. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Mapes, Lynda V (January 28, 2008). "Weasel-like fisher back in state after many decades". Seattle Times. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Threatened and Endangered Species in Washington: 2012 Annual Report" (PDF). Retrieved August 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Peter Fimrite (2011-12-09). "Fishers returned to area in Sierra after 100 years". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
Jump up ^ Zielinski, William J.; Kucera, Thomas E. (1998). American Marten, Fisher, Lynx, and Wolverine: Survey Methods for Their Detection. DIANE Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-7881-3628-3. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
Jump up ^ "CNDDB Endangered and Threatened Animals List" (PDF). April 1, 2017. p. 13. Retrieved May 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Zezima, Katie (June 10, 2008). "A Fierce Predator Makes a Home in the Suburbs". New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ LaPoint S, Gallery P, Wikelski M, Kays R (2013) Animal behavior, cost-based corridor models, and real corridors. Landscape Ecology 28:1615-1630
Jump up ^ Polansky, Rob. "West Haven residents concerned over fisher cats". WFSB Eyewitness News. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Trail camera shows fierce mammal not seen in Iowa since 1800s". February 15, 2017. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kontos, Charles (October 19, 2013). "Rutgers, friends memorialize naturalist Charlie Kontos". Retrieved April 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ Ward, Katy (2017-03-23). "Fisher cat found dead on the beach near MacMillan Pier". Wicked Local Provincetown. Retrieved 2017-04-28.
Jump up ^ BRENNAN, GEORGE (2004-03-08). "Rare Cape fisher caught on camera". Cape Cod Times. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
Jump up ^ Schanbacher, Mike (2017-10-05). "Fisher in Falmouth". Cape Cod Times. Retrieved 2017-10-05.
Jump up ^ Davis, Chase (November 13, 2005). "Elusive fisher cats returning to Cape". Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ Brennan, George (April 3, 2008). "Rare Cape fisher caught on camera". Archived from the original on March 7, 2014. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Fisher cat attacks boy". Westerly Sun.
Jump up ^ "Fisher Cat Attacks Child at Bus Stop". FOX News, Providence, RI. June 23, 2009. Archived from the original on March 6, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Family says boy, 12, attacked by fisher cat". WCVB News. July 1, 2014. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b Milan Novak, ed. (1987). Furbearer harvests in North America, 1600–1984. Ontario Trappers Association.
Jump up ^ "Bank of Canada inflation calculator". Bank of Canada. Retrieved November 21, 2012.
Jump up ^ Hodgson, pp. 17–18.
Jump up ^ Powell, Roger A. Martes pennanti. The American Society of Mammalogists. May 8, 1981.
^ Jump up to: a b Hodgson, pp. 97–98.
Jump up ^ Statistics Canada. Agriculture Division (2008). Fur Statistics (Report).
Jump up ^ Hodgson, pp. 4–5.
Jump up ^ Powell, pp. 207–8.
Jump up ^ "Feds issue notice after Pacific fisher dies at HSU". times-standard.com.
Jump up ^ New York Zoological Society (1971). Bronx Zoo (Report).
Jump up ^ "Basic Facts About Fishers". Defenders of Wildlife. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
Jump up ^ Powell, pp. xi–xv.
Jump up ^ "Weasel-like fishers rebound; backyard pets become prey". San Diego Union-Tribune. June 12, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Fisher: The fisher is a North American marten, a medium sized mustelid". Science Daily. Archived from the original on April 5, 2015. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ "What is a Fisher Cat?". WPRI.com. June 23, 2009. Archived from the original on June 26, 2009. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Fisher [sic] in Massachusetts". Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ O'Brian, Brian (August 25, 2005). "On the wild side: Once nearly extinct, weasel-like fishers thrive in the suburbs, where their ravenous feeding habits threaten family pets". Boston Globe. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Fahim, Kareem (July 4, 2007). "A Cat Fight? Sort of, only louder and uglier". New York Times. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Orff, Eric B. "The Fisher: New Hampshire's Rodney Dangerfield". New Hampshire Fish and Wildlife News. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
Jump up ^ Kays, Roland (April 6, 2011). "Do Fishers Really Eat Cats?". New York Times. Retrieved August 21, 2016.
Jump up ^ Gabriel, Mourad W.; Woods, Leslie W.; Poppenga, Robert; Sweitzer, Rick A.; Thompson, Craig; Matthews, Sean M.; Higley, J. Mark; Keller, Stefan M.; Purcell, Kathryn (July 13, 2012). "Anticoagulant Rodenticides on our Public and Community Lands: Spatial Distribution of Exposure and Poisoning of a Rare Forest Carnivore". PLoS ONE. 7 (7): e40163. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040163. PMC 3396649. PMID 22808110.
Jump up ^ Gabriel, Mourad W.; Woods, Leslie W.; Wengert, Greta M.; Stephenson, Nicole; Higley, J. Mark; Thompson, Craig; Matthews, Sean M.; Sweitzer, Rick A.; Purcell, Kathryn (November 4, 2015). "Patterns of Natural and Human-Caused Mortality Factors of a Rare Forest Carnivore, the Fisher (Pekania pennanti) in California". PLoS ONE. 10 (11): e0140640. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0140640. PMC 4633177. PMID 26536481.
^ Jump up to: a b Thompson, Craig; Sweitzer, Richard; Gabriel, Mourad; Purcell, Kathryn; Barrett, Reginald; Poppenga, Robert (March 1, 2014). "Impacts of Rodenticide and Insecticide Toxicants from Marijuana Cultivation Sites on Fisher Survival Rates in the Sierra National Forest, California". Conservation Letters. 7 (2): 91–102. doi:10.1111/conl.12038. ISSN 1755-263X.
Jump up ^ Snyder, Robert G. (1958). Terres JK, ed. The Audubon Book of True Nature Stories. Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New York. pp. 205–9.
Jump up ^ Langford, Cameron (1971). Winter of the Fisher. Macmillan of Canada Company, Toronto, Ontario. ISBN 0-7089-2937-0.
Jump up ^ Payne, Michael H. (1998). The Blood Jaguar. Tor, New York. ISBN 0-312-86783-2.
Jump up ^ Avi (2000). Ereth's Birthday. HarperCollins, New York. ISBN 0-380-80490-5.
Jump up ^ Speare, Elizabeth George (1983). The Sign of the Beaver. Bantam Doubleday Dell Books for Young Readers, New York. ISBN 0-547-34870-3.
Further reading[edit]
Coues, Elliott (1877). Fur Bearing Animals: a Monograph of North American Mustelidae. Department of the Interior (US). pp. 62–74. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
Feldhamer, George A.; Thompson, Bruce C.; Chapman, Joseph A. (2003). Wild mammals of North America: biology, management, and conservation. (Google books limited preview) Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 635–649. ISBN 0-8018-7416-5. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
Fergus, Charles (2006). Wildlife of Virginia and Maryland and Washington. Stackpole Books. pp. 101–103. ISBN 0-8117-2821-8. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
Hodgson, Robert G. (1937). Fisher Farming. Fur Trade Journal of Canada.
Powell, Roger A. (November 1993). The Fisher: Life History, Ecology, and Behavior. University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-2266-5.
Buskirk, Steven W.; Harestad, Alton S.; Raphael, Martin G.; Powell, Roger A. (1994). Martens, sables, and fishers: biology and conservation. Comstock Publishing Associates. ISBN 978-0-8014-2894-4.
External links[edit]
Fisher videos, photos and facts Arkive.org.
Fisher Cat Screech Online community of fisher cat sightings, sounds, and videos.
Texts on Wikisource:
"Fisher". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
"Fisher". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
"Fisher". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
show
v
t
e
Extant Carnivora species
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Infraclass: Eutheria
Superorder: Laurasiatheria
show
Suborder Feliformia
Nandiniidae
Nandinia
African palm civet (N. binotata)
Herpestidae
(Mongooses)
Atilax
Marsh mongoose (A. paludinosus)
Bdeogale
Bushy-tailed mongoose (B. crassicauda)
Jackson's mongoose (B. jacksoni)
Black-footed mongoose (B. nigripes)
Crossarchus
Alexander's kusimanse (C. alexandri)
Angolan kusimanse (C. ansorgei)
Common kusimanse (C. obscurus)
Flat-headed kusimanse (C. platycephalus)
Cynictis
Yellow mongoose (C. penicillata)
Dologale
Pousargues's mongoose (D. dybowskii)
Galerella
Angolan slender mongoose (G. flavescens)
Black mongoose (G. nigrata)
Somalian slender mongoose (G. ochracea)
Cape gray mongoose (G. pulverulenta)
Slender mongoose (G. sanguinea)
Helogale
Ethiopian dwarf mongoose (H. hirtula)
Common dwarf mongoose (H. parvula)
Herpestes
Short-tailed mongoose (H. brachyurus)
Indian gray mongoose (H. edwardsii)
Indian brown mongoose (H. fuscus)
Egyptian mongoose (H. ichneumon)
Small Asian mongoose (H. javanicus)
Long-nosed mongoose (H. naso)
Collared mongoose (H. semitorquatus)
Ruddy mongoose (H. smithii)
Crab-eating mongoose (H. urva)
Stripe-necked mongoose (H. vitticollis)
Ichneumia
White-tailed mongoose (I. albicauda)
Liberiictus
Liberian mongoose (L. kuhni)
Mungos
Gambian mongoose (M. gambianus)
Banded mongoose (M. mungo)
Paracynictis
Selous' mongoose (P. selousi)
Rhynchogale
Meller's mongoose (R. melleri)
Suricata
Meerkat (S. suricatta)
Hyaenidae
(Hyenas)
Crocuta
Spotted hyena (C. crocuta)
Hyaena
Brown hyena (H. brunnea)
Striped hyena (H. hyaena)
Proteles
Aardwolf (P. cristatus)
Felidae
Large family listed below
Viverridae
Large family listed below
Eupleridae
Small family listed below
show
Family Felidae
Felinae
Acinonyx
Cheetah (A. jubatus)
Caracal
Caracal (C. caracal)
African golden cat (C. aurata)
Catopuma
Bay cat (C. badia)
Asian golden cat (C. temminckii)
Felis
European wildcat (F. silvestris)
African wildcat (F. lybica)
Jungle cat (F. chaus)
Black-footed cat (F. nigripes)
Sand cat (F. margarita)
Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti)
Domestic cat (F. catus)
Leopardus
Ocelot (L. pardalis)
Margay (L. wiedii)
Pampas cat (L. colocola)
Geoffroy's cat (L. geoffroyi)
Kodkod (L. guigna)
Andean mountain cat (L. jacobita)
Oncilla (L. tigrinus)
Southern tigrina (L. guttulus)
Leptailurus
Serval (L. serval)
Lynx
Canadian lynx (L. canadensis)
Eurasian lynx (L. lynx)
Iberian lynx (L. pardinus)
Bobcat (L. rufus)
Otocolobus
Pallas's cat (O. manul)
Pardofelis
Marbled cat (P. marmorata)
Prionailurus
Fishing cat (P. viverrinus)
Leopard cat (P. bengalensis)
Sundaland leopard cat (P. javanensis)
Flat-headed cat (P. planiceps)
Rusty-spotted cat (P. rubiginosus)
Puma
Cougar (P. concolor)
Herpailurus
Jaguarundi (H. yagouaroundi)
Pantherinae
Panthera
Lion (P. leo)
Jaguar (P. onca)
Leopard (P. pardus)
Tiger (P. tigris)
Snow leopard (P. uncia)
Neofelis
Clouded leopard (N. nebulosa)
Sunda clouded leopard (N. diardi)
show
Family Viverridae
Paradoxurinae
Arctictis
Binturong (A. binturong)
Arctogalidia
Small-toothed palm civet (A. trivirgata)
Macrogalidia
Sulawesi palm civet (M. musschenbroekii)
Paguma
Masked palm civet (P. larvata)
Paradoxurus
Golden wet-zone palm civet (P. aureus)
Asian palm civet (P. hermaphroditus)
Jerdon's palm civet (P. jerdoni)
Golden palm civet (P. zeylonensis)
Hemigalinae
Chrotogale
Owston's palm civet (C. owstoni)
Cynogale
Otter civet (C. bennettii)
Diplogale
Hose's palm civet (D. hosei)
Hemigalus
Banded palm civet (H. derbyanus)
Prionodontinae
(Asiatic linsangs)
Prionodon
Banded linsang (P. linsang)
Spotted linsang (P. pardicolor)
Viverrinae
Civettictis
African civet (C. civetta)
Genetta
(Genets)
Abyssinian genet (G. abyssinica)
Angolan genet (G. angolensis)
Bourlon's genet (G. bourloni)
Crested servaline genet (G. cristata)
Common genet (G. genetta)
Johnston's genet (G. johnstoni)
Rusty-spotted genet (G. maculata)
Pardine genet (G. pardina)
Aquatic genet (G. piscivora)
King genet (G. poensis)
Servaline genet (G. servalina)
Haussa genet (G. thierryi)
Cape genet (G. tigrina)
Giant forest genet (G. victoriae)
Poiana
African linsang (P. richardsonii)
Leighton's linsang (P. leightoni)
Viverra
Malabar large-spotted civet (V. civettina)
Large-spotted civet (V. megaspila)
Malayan civet (V. tangalunga)
Large Indian civet (V. zibetha)
Viverricula
Small Indian civet (V. indica)
show
Family Eupleridae
Euplerinae
Cryptoprocta
Fossa (C. ferox)
Eupleres
Eastern falanouc (E. goudotii)
Western falanouc (E. major)
Fossa
Malagasy civet (F. fossana)
Galidiinae
Galidia
Ring-tailed mongoose (G. elegans)
Galidictis
Broad-striped Malagasy mongoose (G. fasciata)
Grandidier's mongoose (G. grandidieri)
Mungotictis
Narrow-striped mongoose (M. decemlineata)
Salanoia
Brown-tailed mongoose (S. concolor)
Durrell's vontsira (S. durrelli)
show
Suborder Caniformia (cont. below)
Ursidae
(Bears)
Ailuropoda
Giant panda (A. melanoleuca)
Helarctos
Sun bear (H. malayanus)
Melursus
Sloth bear (M. ursinus)
Tremarctos
Spectacled bear (T. ornatus)
Ursus
American black bear (U. americanus)
Brown bear (U. arctos)
Polar bear (U. maritimus)
Asian black bear (U. thibetanus)
Mephitidae
Conepatus
(Hog-nosed
skunks)
Molina's hog-nosed skunk (C. chinga)
Humboldt's hog-nosed skunk (C. humboldtii)
American hog-nosed skunk (C. leuconotus)
Striped hog-nosed skunk (C. semistriatus)
Mephitis
Hooded skunk (M. macroura)
Striped skunk (M. mephitis)
Mydaus
Sunda stink badger (M. javanensis)
Palawan stink badger (M. marchei)
Spilogale
(Spotted skunks)
Southern spotted skunk (S. angustifrons)
Western spotted skunk (S. gracilis)
Eastern spotted skunk (S. putorius)
Pygmy spotted skunk (S. pygmaea)
Procyonidae
Bassaricyon
(Olingos)
Eastern lowland olingo (B. alleni)
Northern olingo (B. gabbii)
Western lowland olingo (B. medius)
Olinguito (B. neblina)
Bassariscus
Ring-tailed cat (B. astutus)
Cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)
Nasua
(Coatis inclusive)
White-nosed coati (N. narica)
South American coati (N. nasua)
Nasuella
(Coatis inclusive)
Western mountain coati (N. olivacea)
Eastern mountain coati (N. meridensis)
Potos
Kinkajou (P. flavus)
Procyon
Crab-eating raccoon (P. cancrivorus)
Raccoon (P. lotor)
Cozumel raccoon (P. pygmaeus)
Ailuridae
Ailurus
Red panda (A. fulgens)
show
Suborder Caniformia (cont. above)
Otariidae
(Eared seals)
(includes fur seals
and sea lions)
(Pinniped inclusive)
Arctocephalus
South American fur seal (A. australis)
Australasian fur seal (A. forsteri)
Galápagos fur seal (A. galapagoensis)
Antarctic fur seal (A. gazella)
Juan Fernández fur seal (A. philippii)
Brown fur seal (A. pusillus)
Guadalupe fur seal (A. townsendi)
Subantarctic fur seal (A. tropicalis)
Callorhinus
Northern fur seal (C. ursinus)
Eumetopias
Steller sea lion (E. jubatus)
Neophoca
Australian sea lion (N. cinerea)
Otaria
South American sea lion (O. flavescens)
Phocarctos
New Zealand sea lion (P. hookeri)
Zalophus
California sea lion (Z. californianus)
Galápagos sea lion (Z. wollebaeki)
Odobenidae
(Pinniped inclusive)
Odobenus
Walrus (O. rosmarus)
Phocidae
(Earless seals)
(Pinniped inclusive)
Cystophora
Hooded seal (C. cristata)
Erignathus
Bearded seal (E. barbatus)
Halichoerus
Gray seal (H. grypus)
Histriophoca
Ribbon seal (H. fasciata)
Hydrurga
Leopard seal (H. leptonyx)
Leptonychotes
Weddell seal (L. weddellii)
Lobodon
Crabeater seal (L. carcinophagus)
Mirounga
(Elephant seals)
Northern elephant seal (M. angustirostris)
Southern elephant seal (M. leonina)
Monachus
Mediterranean monk seal (M. monachus)
Hawaiian monk seal (M. schauinslandi)
Ommatophoca
Ross seal (O. rossi)
Pagophilus
Harp seal (P. groenlandicus)
Phoca
Spotted seal (P. largha)
Harbor seal (P. vitulina)
Pusa
Caspian seal (P. caspica)
Ringed seal (P. hispida)
Baikal seal (P. sibirica)
Canidae
Large family listed below
Mustelidae
Large family listed below
show
Family Canidae (includes dogs)
Atelocynus
Short-eared dog (A. microtis)
Canis
Side-striped jackal (C. adustus)
African golden wolf (C. anthus)
Golden jackal (C. aureus)
Coyote (C. latrans)
Gray wolf (C. lupus)
Black-backed jackal (C. mesomelas)
Red wolf (C. rufus)
Ethiopian wolf (C. simensis)
Cerdocyon
Crab-eating fox (C. thous)
Chrysocyon
Maned wolf (C. brachyurus)
Cuon
Dhole (C. alpinus)
Lycalopex
Culpeo (L. culpaeus)
Darwin's fox (L. fulvipes)
South American gray fox (L. griseus)
Pampas fox (L. gymnocercus)
Sechuran fox (L. sechurae)
Hoary fox (L. vetulus)
Lycaon
African wild dog (L. pictus)
Nyctereutes
Raccoon dog (N. procyonoides)
Otocyon
Bat-eared fox (O. megalotis)
Speothos
Bush dog (S. venaticus)
Urocyon
Gray fox (U. cinereoargenteus)
Island fox (U. littoralis)
Vulpes
(Foxes)
Bengal fox (V. bengalensis)
Blanford's fox (V. cana)
Cape fox (V. chama)
Corsac fox (V. corsac)
Tibetan sand fox (V. ferrilata)
Arctic fox (V. lagopus)
Kit fox (V. macrotis)
Pale fox (V. pallida)
Rüppell's fox (V. rueppelli)
Swift fox (V. velox)
Red fox (V. vulpes)
Fennec fox (V. zerda)
hide
Family Mustelidae
Lutrinae
(Otters)
Aonyx
African clawless otter (A. capensis)
Oriental small-clawed otter (A. cinerea)
Enhydra
Sea otter (E. lutris)
Hydrictis
Spotted-necked otter (H. maculicollis)
Lontra
North American river otter (L. canadensis)
Marine otter (L. felina)
Neotropical otter (L. longicaudis)
Southern river otter (L. provocax)
Lutra
Eurasian otter (L. lutra)
Hairy-nosed otter (L. sumatrana)
Lutrogale
Smooth-coated otter (L. perspicillata)
Pteronura
Giant otter (P. brasiliensis)
Mustelinae
(including badgers)
Arctonyx
Hog badger (A. collaris)
Eira
Tayra (E. barbara)
Galictis
Lesser grison (G. cuja)
Greater grison (G. vittata)
Gulo
Wolverine (G. gulo)
Ictonyx
Saharan striped polecat (I. libyca)
Striped polecat (I. striatus)
Lyncodon
Patagonian weasel (L. patagonicus)
Martes
(Martens)
American marten (M. americana)
Yellow-throated marten (M. flavigula)
Beech marten (M. foina)
Nilgiri marten (M. gwatkinsii)
European pine marten (M. martes)
Japanese marten (M. melampus)
Sable (M. zibellina)
Pekania
Fisher (P. pennanti)
Meles
Japanese badger (M. anakuma)
Asian badger (M. leucurus)
European badger (M. meles)
Mellivora
Honey badger (M. capensis)
Melogale
(Ferret-badgers)
Bornean ferret-badger (M. everetti)
Chinese ferret-badger (M. moschata)
Javan ferret-badger (M. orientalis)
Burmese ferret-badger (M. personata)
Mustela
(Weasels and Ferrets)
Amazon weasel (M. africana)
Mountain weasel (M. altaica)
Stoat (M. erminea)
Steppe polecat (M. eversmannii)
Colombian weasel (M. felipei)
Long-tailed weasel (M. frenata)
Japanese weasel (M. itatsi)
Yellow-bellied weasel (M. kathiah)
European mink (M. lutreola)
Indonesian mountain weasel (M. lutreolina)
Black-footed ferret (M. nigripes)
Least weasel (M. nivalis)
Malayan weasel (M. nudipes)
European polecat (M. putorius)
Siberian weasel (M. sibirica)
Back-striped weasel (M. strigidorsa)
Egyptian weasel (M. subpalmata)
Neovison
(Minks)
American mink (N. vison)
Poecilogale
African striped weasel (P. albinucha)
Taxidea
American badger (T. taxus)
Vormela
Marbled polecat (V. peregusna)
Taxon identifiers
Wikidata: Q584064
Wikispecies: Martes pennanti
ADW: Martes_pennanti
ARKive: martes-pennanti
EoL: 328592
Fossilworks: 47925
GBIF: 5218855
iNaturalist: 41799
IRMNG: 10198732
ITIS: 180560
IUCN: 41651
MSW: 14001254
NCBI: 76720
uBio: 105653
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fisher_(animal)&oldid=866012606"
Categories:
IUCN Red List least concern species
Fauna of the Great Lakes region (North America)
Fauna of the Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
Mammals of Canada
Mammals of the United States
Martens
Mammals described in 1777
Hidden categories:
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Articles with 'species' microformats
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