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Economy of the Iroquois
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Iroquois women grinding corn or dried berries; note infant on cradleboard in background (1664 engraving)
The economy of the Iroquois (also known as Haudenosaunee) historically was based on communal production and combined elements of both horticulture and hunter-gatherer systems. The tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy and other Northern Iroquoian-speaking peoples, including the Huron, had their traditional territory in what is now New York State and the southern areas bordering the Great Lakes.
The Iroquois Confederacy was composed of Five Nations: Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, and Seneca, who had created an alliance long before European contact. The Tuscarora were added as a sixth nation in the early eighteenth century after they migrated from North Carolina. The Huron peoples, located mostly in what is now Canada, were also Iroquioan-speaking and shared some culture, but were never part of the Iroquois.
The Iroquoian people were predominantly agricultural, harvesting the "Three Sisters" commonly grown by Native American groups: corn, beans, and squash. They developed certain cultural customs. Among these developments were ideas concerning the nature and management of property. The Iroquois developed a system very different from the now-dominant Western variety. This system was characterized by such components as common ownership of land, division of labor by gender, and trade mostly based on gift economy.
Contact with Europeans in the early 17th century had a profound impact on the economy of the Iroquoians. At first, they became important trading partners, but the expansion of European settlement upset the balance of the Iroquois economy. By 1800, following the American Revolutionary War, in which most of the nations supported the British and had to share their defeat, the Iroquois were reduced to reservations, primarily in New York in the United States, and Quebec and Ontario in Canada. They had to adapt their traditional economic system to dramatic changes. In the 20th century, some of the Iroquois nations in the United States have benefited from their sovereign status by founding gambling and recreation facilities, which have yielded greater revenues than some other enterprises. Individually, Iroquois have also become part of the larger economies in cities off the reservation.
Contents
[hide]
1 Land ownership
2 Division of labor: agriculture and forestry
3 Trade
4 Effect on Iroquois culture and society
5 Land management after the Europeans arrived
6 Modern economy
7 See also
8 Notes
8.1 References
9 External links
9.1 Iroquois-owned enterprises
Land ownership[edit]
Latter-day Iroquois longhouse housing several hundred people.
The Iroquois had an essentially communal system of land ownership. The French Catholic missionary Gabriel Sagard described the fundamentals. The Huron had "as much land as they need[ed]."[1] As a result, the Huron could give families their own land and still have a large amount of excess land owned communally. Any Huron was free to clear the land and farm on the basis of usufruct. He maintained possession of the land as long as he continued to actively cultivate and tend the fields. Once he abandoned the land, it reverted to communal ownership, and anyone could take it up for themselves.[2] While the Huron did seem to have lands designated for the individual, the significance of this possession may be of little relevance; the placement of corn storage vessels in the longhouses, which contained multiple families in one kinship group, suggests the occupants of a given longhouse held all production in common.[3]
The Iroquois had a similar communal system of land distribution. The tribe owned all lands but gave out tracts to the different clans for further distribution among households for cultivation. The land would be redistributed among the households every few years, and a clan could request a redistribution of tracts when the Clan Mothers' Council gathered.[4] Those clans that abused their allocated land or otherwise did not take care of it would be warned and eventually punished by the Clan Mothers' Council by having the land redistributed to another clan.[5] Land property was really only the concern of the women, since it was the women's job to cultivate food and not the men's.[4]
The Clan Mothers' Council also reserved certain areas of land to be worked by the women of all the different clans. Food from such lands, called kěndiǔ"gwǎ'ge' hodi'yěn'tho, would be used at festivals and large council gatherings.[5]
Division of labor: agriculture and forestry[edit]
The division of labor reflected the complementary aspects common in Iroquois culture: The twin gods Sapling (East) and Flint (West) embodied the two complementary halves. Each gender had defined roles in labor to support the people, which complemented each other. Women did all work involving the field, including planting, cultivating and harvesting the crops; while men did all work involving the forest, including the manufacture of anything involving wood.[6] The Iroquois men carried out hunting and fishing, trading, and fighting, while the women took care of farming, food gathering and processing, rearing of children, and housekeeping. This gendered division of labor was the predominant means of dividing work in Iroquois society.[7] At the time of contact with Europeans, Iroquois women produced about 65% of the goods and the men 35%.[8] The combined production of food made famine and hunger extremely rare; early Europeans settlers often envied the success of Iroquois food production.[8]
The Iroquois system of work reflected their communal land system. Since the Iroquois owned property together, they worked together as well. The women performed difficult work in large groups, going from field to field helping one another work each other's land. Together they would sow the fields as a "mistress of the field" distributed a set amount of seeds to each of the women.[9] The Iroquois women of each agricultural group would select an old but active member of their group to act as their leader for that year and agree to follow her directions. The women performed other work cooperatively as well. The women individually cut wood for family use, but their leader would oversee the collective carrying of the wood back to the village.[10] The women's clans performed other work. According to Mary Jemison, a white woman assimilated with the Seneca while a young woman, the collective effort averted "every jealousy of one having done more or less work than another."[10]
Samuel de Champlain's sketch of a Huron deer hunt; Huron men make noise and drive animals along a V-shaped fence towards an apex where they are captured and killed.
The Iroquois men also organized in a cooperative fashion. The men acted collectively during military actions.[11] The other jobs of men, such as hunting and fishing, also involved cooperative elements. The men more often organized as a whole village rather than as a clan.[12] The men organized hunting parties where they used extensive cooperation to kill a large amount of game. One firsthand account told of a hunting party that built a large brush fence in a forest to form a V. The hunters set a fire across from the open side of the V, forcing the animals to run towards the point where the hunters awaited them. They could kill one hundred deer at a time by such a plan.[13]
Native Americans of unknown tribe fishing in fashion similar to Iroquois.
The men also fished in large groups. Fishing expeditions included men in canoes using weirs and nets to cover entire streams and harvest large amounts of fish, sometimes a thousand in half of a day.[14] A hunting or fishing party's takings were considered common property; they were divided among the party by the leader or taken to the village for a feast.[15] Hunting and fishing were not always cooperative efforts, but the Iroquois generally did better in parties than as individuals.[16]
Trade[edit]
The Iroquois traded excess corn and tobacco for the pelts from the tribes to the north and the wampum from the tribes to the east.[17] The Iroquois used present-giving more often than any other mode of exchange. Present-giving reflected the reciprocity in Iroquois society. The exchange would begin with one clan giving another tribe or clan a present with the expectation of some sort of needed commodity being given in return. This form of trade ties to the Iroquois culture's tendency to share property and cooperate in labor. In all cases no explicit agreement is made, but one service is performed for the community or another member of the community's good with the expectation that the community or another individual would give back.[18] External trade offered one of the few opportunities for individual enterprise in Iroquois society. A person who discovered a new trading route had the exclusive right to trade along the same route in the future. Often clans collectivized trading routes to gain a monopoly on a certain type of trade.[19]
Iroquois with Western goods, presumably acquired through trade (French engraving, 1722)
The arrival of Europeans created the opportunity for greatly expanded trade. Furs were in demand in Europe, and they could be acquired cheaply from Indians in exchange for manufactured goods the Indians could not make themselves.[20] Trade did not always benefit the Natives. The British took advantage of the gift-giving culture. They showered the Iroquois with European goods, making them dependent on such items as rifles and metal axes. For a time, the access to guns gave the Mohawk and other Iroquois advantages over other tribes, and they entered trading seriously. The British primarily used these gifts to gain support among the Iroquois for fighting against the French.[21]
The Iroquois also traded for alcohol, which the Europeans introduced. Eventually, this would have a very negative influence on their society, as they suffered a high rate of alcoholism. By 1753 Scarrooyady, a chief, petitioned the Governor of Pennsylvania to intervene in trade:
"Your Traders now bring scarce anything but Rum and Flour; they bring little powder and lead, or other valuable goods . . . and get all the skins that should go to pay the debts we have contracted for goods bought of the Fair Traders; by this means we not only ruin ourselves but them too. These wicked Whiskey Sellers, when they have once got the Indians in liquor, make them sell their very clothes from their backs. In short, if this practice be continued, we must be inevitably ruined."[20]
Effect on Iroquois culture and society[edit]
The structure of the Iroquois economy created a unique property and work ethic. The threat of theft was almost nonexistent, since little was held by the individual except basic tools and implements that were so prevalent they had little value. The only goods worth stealing would have been wampum.[22] While a theft-free society can be respected by all, communal systems such as that of the Iroquois are often criticized for providing less of an incentive to work. In order for the Iroquois to succeed without an individual incentive, they had to develop a communal work ethic. Virtue became synonymous with productivity. The idealized Iroquois man was a good warrior and productive hunter while the perfect woman excelled in agriculture and housekeeping.[23] By emphasizing an individual's usefulness to society, the Iroquois created a mindset that encouraged their members to contribute even though they received similar benefits no matter how hard they worked.
As a result of their communal system, some would expect the Iroquois to have a culture of dependence without individuality. The Iroquois, however, had a strong tradition of autonomous responsibility. Iroquois men were taught to be self-disciplined, self-reliant, and responsible as well as stoic.[24] The Iroquois attempted to eliminate any feelings of dependency during childhood and foster a desire for responsibility. At the same time, the child would have to participate in a communal culture, children were taught to think as individuals but work for the community.[25]
Land management after the Europeans arrived[edit]
The Iroquois system of land management changed somewhat after encounter with the Europeans. The Mohawk were the first to deal with them and "sold" some land to settlers, although it is unlikely either side understood the other's conception of property.
After the American Revolutionary War, the victorious Americans forced the nations into reservations much reduced in size from their former territories, even those two, the Oneida and Onondaga, that had supported them. Most of the other Iroquois nations were forced to give up their territory and retreated to Canada, where they received some land in compensation from the Crown, in addition to existing settlements along the St. Lawrence River.
The Iroquois had a system of collectively owned land free to be used as needed by their members. While this system was not wholly collective, as land was distributed for use to individual family groups, the Iroquois lacked the Western conception of property as a commodity.[26] Despite the influence of Western culture, the Iroquois have maintained a unique view of property over the years.
The contemporary Mohawk Doug George-Kanentiio sums up his perception of the Iroquois property view: The Iroquois have
"no absolute right to claim territory for purely monetary purposes. Our Creator gave us our aboriginal lands in trust with very specific rules regarding its uses. We are caretakers of our Mother Earth, not lords of the land. Our claims are valid only so far as we dwell in peace and harmony upon her."[27]
In 1981 the Iroquois Council of Chiefs (or Haudenosaunee) expressed similar ideas. The Council distinguished the
"Western European concepts of land ownership" from the Iroquois view that "the earth is sacred" and "was created for all to use forever—not to be exploited merely for this present generation." Land is not just a commodity and "In no event is land for sale." The statement continues, "Under Haudenosaunee law, 'Gayanerkowa,' the land is held by the women of each clan. It is principally the women who are responsible for the land, who farm it, and who care for it for the future generations. When the Confederacy was formed, the separate nations formed one union. The territory of each nation became Confederacy land even though each nation continued to have a special interest in its historic territory."[28]
The Council's statement reflects its unique view of property among the Iroquois.
The system of the Grand River Iroquois (two Iroquois reservations in Canada) integrated the traditional Iroquois property structure with the new way of life after being confined to a reservation. The reservation was established under two deeds by the Crown in the 18th century following the American Revolutionary War. These deeds gave corporate ownership of the lands to the Six Nations of the Iroquois.[29] Individuals were granted leases for a specific plot by the Confederacy.[30] The Iroquois idea that land came into one's possession if cared for and reverted to public control if left alone was used in reservation property law. In one property dispute case, the Iroquois Council sided with a claimant who had made improvements and cultivated the land over one who had left it alone.[30]
The natural resources of the land are considered to belong to the tribe as a whole and not to those who possessed the particular parcel.[31] The Iroquois leased the right to extract stone from the lands in one instance and fixed royalties on all the production.[32] After natural gas had been discovered on the reservation, the Six Nations took direct ownership of the natural gas wells. They paid persons who had wells on their land compensation only for damages done by gas extraction.[32] This setup closely resembled the precontact land distribution system where the tribes owned the land and distributed it for use, but not unconditional ownership.
Modern economy[edit]
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2015)
Many Iroquois have been fully integrated into the surrounding Western economy of the United States and Canada. For others their economic involvement is more isolated in the reservation. Whether directly involved in the outside economy or not, most of the Iroquois economy is now greatly influenced by national and world economies. The Iroquois have been involved in the steel construction industry for over a hundred years, with many men from the Mohawk nations working on such high-steel projects as the Empire State Building and the World Trade Center.[33]
Inside the reservations, which are sometimes isolated from larger cities, the economic situation has often been bleak. For instance, the U.S. side of the Mohawk St. Regis reservation in northern New York has recently had unemployment as high as 46 percent.[34]
But many reservations have successful businesses. The Seneca reservation contains the City of Salamanca, New York, a center of the hardwoods industry.[35] The Seneca make use of their sovereignty to sell gasoline and cigarettes tax-free and run high-stakes bingo operations.[36] The Senecas have also opened several Indian casinos, the Seneca Niagara Casino in Niagara Falls, New York and one in Salamanca. In 2007 the Seneca opened a third in Buffalo, the Seneca Buffalo Creek Casino.[37]
The Oneida also operate casinos on their reservations in New York and Wisconsin. The Oneida are one of the largest employers in northeastern Wisconsin with over 3,000 employees, including 975 people in tribal government. The Tribe manages more than $16 million in federal and private grant monies, and a wide range of programs, including those authorized by the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act.[38] The Oneida business ventures have brought millions of dollars into the community and improved the standard of living.[39]
See also[edit]
Erie (tribe)
Neutral Nation
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Axtell 1981, pp. 110–111.
Jump up ^ Axtell 1981, p. 111.
Jump up ^ Trigger 1969, p. 28.
^ Jump up to: a b Stites 1905, pp. 71–72.
^ Jump up to: a b Johansen 1999, p. 123.
Jump up ^ Johansen 1999, pp. 120–121.
Jump up ^ Axtell 1981, p. 103.
^ Jump up to: a b Johansen 1999, p. 122.
Jump up ^ Axtell 1981, pp. 124–125.
^ Jump up to: a b Stites 1905, p. 32.
Jump up ^ Stites 1905, pp. 32–33.
Jump up ^ Stites 1905, p. 33.
Jump up ^ Stites 1905, p. 36–37.
Jump up ^ Stites 1905, pp. 37–38.
Jump up ^ Stites 1905, pp. 70.
Jump up ^ Stites 1905, p. 30.
Jump up ^ Stites 1905, pp. 79–80.
Jump up ^ Stites 1905, p. 81.
Jump up ^ Stites 1905, p. 80.
^ Jump up to: a b Caskey et al. 2001.
Jump up ^ Johansen 1982, chapter 3.
Jump up ^ Speck 1945, pp. 31–32.
Jump up ^ Stites 1905, pp. 144–145.
Jump up ^ Wallace 1969, p. 30.
Jump up ^ Wallace 1969, p. 34.
Jump up ^ Noon 1949, p. [page needed].
Jump up ^ George-Kanentiio 2000, pp. 169–170.
Jump up ^ Council of Chiefs.
Jump up ^ Noon 1949, pp. 86–88.
^ Jump up to: a b Noon 1949, p. 88.
Jump up ^ Noon 1949, p. 92.
^ Jump up to: a b Noon 1949, p. 94.
Jump up ^ National Public Radio 2002.
Jump up ^ Herald American 1990.
Jump up ^ City of Salamanca.
Jump up ^ Adams 2002.
Jump up ^ Seneca Gaming Corporation 2007.
Jump up ^ Environmental Protection Agency.
Jump up ^ Lindsay 2012.
References[edit]
Adams, Jim (24 November 2002). "Oklahoma Native Tribe Buys Land in New York State". Indian Country Today.
Axtell, James, ed. (1981). The Indian Peoples of Eastern America: A Documentary History of the Sexes. New York: Oxford University Press.
Caskey, Micki M.; Rapida, Theresa J.; Wubbold, Mark (2001). "Fur Trader". Iroquois Confederacy and the US Constitution. Graduate School of Education, Portland State University. Archived from the original on 5 January 2006.
City of Salamanca. "About Salamanca". Retrieved 7 September 2013.
Environmental Protection Agency. "Oneida Nation of Wisconsin". Archived from the original on 2007-07-07.
George-Kanentiio, Doug (2000). Iroquois Culture and Commentary. Santa Fe: Clear Light.
"The Six Nations of the Iroquois". Herald American. The Singing Tuscaroras. 22 July 1990. Archived from the original on 6 February 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
Johansen, Bruce E. (1982). Forgotten Founders. Ipswich, Mass.: Gambit.
Johansen, Bruce E., ed. (1999). The Encyclopedia of Native American Economic History. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Lindsay, Jeff (29 September 2012). "The Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin". [unreliable source?]
National Public Radio (1 July 2002). "Walking High Steel". Retrieved 7 September 2013.
Noon, John A. (1949). Law and Government of the Grand River Iroquois. New York: The Viking Fund.
Seneca Gaming Corporation (3 July 2007). "Seneca Buffalo Creek Casino Opens for Business" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
Speck, Frank G. (1945). Iroquois. Bloomfield Hills, Michigan: Cranbrook Press.
Stites, Sara Henry (1905). Economics of the Iroquois. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: The New Era Printing Company.
Trigger, Bruce G. (1969). The Huron Farmers of the North. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Wallace, Anthony F.C. (1969). The Death and Rebirth of the Seneca. New York: Vintage Books.
"On Land Rights of the Haudenosaunee". Statements for the Council of Chiefs Haudenosaunee, Six Nations Iroquois Confederacy. August 1981. Archived from the original on 12 October 2004.
External links[edit]
Encyclopedic entry on the Iroquois – contains decent economic information and links to the Iroquois nations
Carnegie Museum of Natural History – The Iroquois of the Northeast[dead link] – Information on Iroquois including agriculture and steel construction.
A Mohawk Iroquois Village: An Exhibit at the New York State Museum – Dioramas of Iroquois Villages online with text
Iroquois-owned enterprises[edit]
Oneida Enterprises – businesses owned by the Oneida nation
Turning Stone Casino – run by the Oneida in Verona, NY.
Seneca Niagara Casino & Hotel – run by the Seneca in Niagara Falls, NY
Seneca Allegany Casino – run by the Seneca in Salamanca, NY.
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Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
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Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Justin Chadwick
Produced by
David M. Thompson
Anant Singh
Screenplay by
William Nicholson
Based on
Long Walk to Freedom
by Nelson Mandela
Starring
Idris Elba
Naomie Harris
Music by
Alex Heffes
U2
Cinematography
Lol Crawley
Edited by
Rick Russell
Production
company
Pathé
Videovision Entertainment
Distant Horizon
Origin Pictures
Distributed by
20th Century Fox
Release date
7 September 2013 (2013-09-07) (TIFF)
28 November 2013 (2013-11-28) (South Africa)
3 January 2014 (2014-01-03) (United Kingdom)
Running time
146 minutes[1]
Country
United Kingdom
South Africa[2]
Language
English
Xhosa
Afrikaans
Budget
$35 million[3]
Box office
$27.3 million[4]
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom is a 2013 British-South African biographical film directed by Justin Chadwick from a script written by William Nicholson and starring Idris Elba and Naomie Harris. The film is based on the 1995 autobiographical book Long Walk to Freedom by anti-apartheid revolutionary and former South African President Nelson Mandela.[5]
Contents
1 Plot
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Music
4 Release
4.1 Critical response
5 Historical accuracy
6 Awards
7 References
8 External links
Plot[edit]
Based on South African President Nelson Mandela's autobiography of the same name, which chronicles his early life, coming of age, education and 27 years in prison before becoming President of South Africa and working to rebuild the country's once segregated society.[6]
Cast[edit]
Idris Elba as Nelson Mandela (older adult)
Atandwa Kani as Nelson Mandela (age 16–23)
Siza Pini as Nelson Mandela (age 7–9)
Naomie Harris as Winnie Madikizela
Tony Kgoroge as Walter Sisulu
S'Thandiwe Kgoroge as Albertina Sisulu
Riaad Moosa as Ahmed Kathrada
Zolani Mkiva as Raymond Mhlaba
Simo Mogwaza as Andrew Mlangeni
Tshallo Sputla Chokwe as Oliver Tambo
Fana Mokoena as Govan Mbeki
James Cunningham as George Bizos
Thapelo Mokoena as Elias Motsoaledi
Jamie Bartlett as James Gregory
Deon Lotz as Kobie Coetzee
Terry Pheto as Evelyn Mase
Sello Maake as Albert Lutuli
Gys de Villiers as F. W. de Klerk
Zenzo Ngqobe as Patrick Lekota
Carl Beukes as Niel Barnard
A.J. van der Merwe as Fanie van der Merwe
Nomfusi Gotyana as Miriam Makeba
Andre Jacobs as Bram Fischer
Louis van Niekerk as Quartus de Wet
Adam Neill as Percy Yutar
Lindiwe Matshikiza as Zindzi Mandela (age 28–32)
Refilwe Charles as Zindzi Mandela (age 8–12)
Semuhle Shangasi as Zenani Mandela (age 28–32)
Khumbuzile Maphumulo as Zenani Mandela (age 8–12)
John Herbert as Arthur Goldreich
Production[edit]
Producer Anant Singh started working on the project after interviewing Mandela while he was still imprisoned two decades prior.[7] Following the publication of Mandela's autobiography, Singh was granted the rights to the film adaptation, which was completed 16 years later by screenwriter William Nicholson. The film is directed by Justin Chadwick.
Music[edit]
For the film, U2 wrote the song "Ordinary Love".[8][9] Subscribers of the band's official website were able to hear a short snippet first.[10]
Release[edit]
The film held its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2013.[7][11] It was released on 28 November 2013 in South Africa and on 3 January 2014 in the United Kingdom, a week before and a month after Mandela died, respectively.
Long Walk to Freedom premiered in London on 5 December 2013 as a Royal Film Performance, The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge were in attendance, along with Mandela's daughters Zindzi and Zenani. The announcement of the death of Nelson Mandela occurred while the film was being screened; The Duke and Duchess were immediately informed of Nelson's passing, while producer Anant Singh (alongside Idris Elba) took the stage during the closing credits to inform patrons of Mandela's passing, and held a moment of silence. Prince William made brief comments to the press while exiting the theatre, stating that "I just wanted to say it's extremely sad and tragic news. We were just reminded what an extraordinary and inspiring man Nelson Mandela was. My thoughts and prayers are with him and his family right now." The film was temporarily pulled from theatres in South Africa the next day out of respect, but returned on 7 December 2013.[12][13][14] On 8 December to mark the launch of the film a Gala dinner, private screening and charity auction in aid of the children's charity Onetoonechildrensfund. Sir Trevor McDonald was Master of Ceremonies for the evening, introducing the auction where one of a limited edition of 6 portrait heads of Nelson Mandela, sculpted from life by David Cregeen. The head was donated by the sculptor and sold in aid of the charity's work in South Africa.
Critical response[edit]
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 61% based on 130 reviews, with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It might be too respectful to truly soar, but there's no denying Idris Elba's impressive work in Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom -- or the inspirational power of the life it depicts."[15] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating to reviews, the film has an average score of 60 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[16]
Scott Foundas of Variety said the film "never opts for a light touch when a sledgehammer will do", but also praises Elba for "a towering performance, a Mandela for the ages".[17]
Claudia Puig of USA Today agreed that Elba's performance was powerful but felt the film was not as strong, stating, "Earnest and ambitious, the film suffers from trying to squeeze in too many milestones of Nelson Mandela's long life as he worked to end the oppressive regime of apartheid in South Africa. But the talent of the lead actors lends it heft, particularly the commanding performance of Idris Elba as Mandela."[18]
Jordan Hoffman from Film.com also gave the film a mixed to negative review: "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom should have been a layup. A slow burn leading to eventual triumph, moving speeches, Idris Elba raging against injustice, the world made a better place because of one man's sacrifice. But as crazy and offensive as it may sound, you'll get more chills from Elba's idiotic speech about canceling the apocalypse in Pacific Rim than you will in this by-the-numbers bore."[19]
However, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film a generally positive review with 2 and a half out of 4 stars, mostly circling the performances.[20]
Screenwriter William Nicholson claimed it didn't do better because of the movie 12 Years a Slave: "12 Years a Slave came out in America and that sucked up all the guilt about black people that was available. They were so exhausted feeling guilty about slavery that I don't think there was much left over to be nice about our film." He also speculated that the death of Mandela resulted in a Mandela "overdose" among people, so that they have had enough of him when the movie finally hit the theatres; "Suddenly the word came through that he died. We were deluged with Mandela stuff and after a week we all thought, please, take it away, we've heard enough about Mandela."[21]
Historical accuracy[edit]
Vincent Hiribarren, a lecturer in world history at King's College London, notes in his review of the film for History Extra, the website of BBC History Magazine: "[The film] clearly depicted Mandela's understanding of the apartheid years. Or, at least, what he wanted to let us know. As the film is not based on Mandela's life but on Mandela's own words, criticism levelled at Mandela's autobiography can also be directed at the film."[22]
Turning to the 1976 Soweto uprising, Hiribarren said that the film "did not spend much time evoking this pivotal event, because Mandela did not say much about Soweto in his book. The Soweto uprising was, however, instrumental in creating a new political climate in South Africa that directly led to the politicisation of many young South Africans."[22]
Hiribarren awarded the film three stars for historical accuracy, and five for enjoyment.[22]
Awards[edit]
Awards
Award
Category
Name
Result
86th Academy Awards Best Original Song U2 for "Ordinary Love" Nominated
ABFF Hollywood Awards Artist of the Year Idris Elba (also for Pacific Rim and Thor: The Dark World) Nominated
71st Golden Globe Awards[23][24] Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama Idris Elba Nominated
Best Original Score Alex Heffes Nominated
Best Original Song – Motion Picture U2 and Danger Mouse ("Ordinary Love") Won
19th Critics' Choice Awards[25] Best Song Nominated
Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Awards[26][27] Best Sound Editing: Music Score in a Feature Film Lewis Morison Nominated
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "MANDELA: LONG WALK TO FREEDOM (12A)". British Board of Film Classification. 19 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mandela Long Walk to Freedom". British Film Institute. Retrieved 2 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, Dark Horizons. Dark Horizons. Retrieved 4 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
Jump up ^ "Weinstein Company to release 'Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom'". Yahoo! Movies. Yahoo!. 22 February 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom". The Weinstein Company. 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "Nelson Mandela Biopic Explores What Makes a Fearless Leader Tick". Rolling Stone. 14 September 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "U2 - Ordinary Love (From Mandela OST) Lyric Video". youtube.com. U2VEVO. 22 November 2013. Retrieved 23 October 2017. U2 premieres their new song Ordinary Love (from Mandela: Long Walk To Freedom).
Jump up ^ "'Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom' Trailer Features New U2 Song 'Ordinary Love'". The Wall Street Journal. 17 October 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Ordinary Love". U2.com. 17 October 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "Nelson Mandela biopic to have world premiere at Toronto". BBC News. 23 July 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Nelson Mandela death announced at Long Walk to Freedom film premiere". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Nelson Mandela Mourned By William and Kate at Royal Film Performance". Variety. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "How 'Mandela' Royal Premiere Audience Reacted to News of Leader's Death (Exclusive Video)". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 9 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved 13 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Leydon, Joe (17 September 2013). "Toronto Film Review: 'Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom'". Variety. Retrieved 20 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "'Long Walk to Freedom' doesn't do Mandela's journey justice". Usatoday.com. 28 November 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
Jump up ^ The 100 Best Movie Scenes of 2013 (29 November 2013). "Review: 'Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom'". Film.com. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Peter Travers (27 November 2013). "'Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom' Movie Review | Movie Reviews". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
Jump up ^ 12 Years a Slave ruined my Mandela biopic, says screenwriter
^ Jump up to: a b c "Historian at the Movies: Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom reviewed". History Extra. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Golden Globe Awards Nominations: '12 Years A Slave' & 'American Hustle' Lead Pack". Deadline. 12 December 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
Jump up ^ "Golden Globe Awards Winners". Variety. 12 January 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2014.
Jump up ^ Peter Gicas (16 December 2013). "Critics' Choice Awards 2014: Complete List of Nominations". E! Online. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
Jump up ^ Walsh, Jason (15 January 2014). "Sound Editors Announce 2013 Golden Reel Nominees". Variety. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Gravity' and '12 Years a Slave' lead MPSE Golden Reel Awards nominations". HitFix. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
External links[edit]
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom on IMDb
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom at Rotten Tomatoes
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom at Box Office Mojo
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom at Metacritic
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Nelson Mandela
18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013
President of South Africa (1994–1999)
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Mandela Day
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46664 concerts
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Film depictions
Mandela (1987)
Death of Apartheid (1995)
Mandela (1996)
Mandela: Son of Africa, Father of a Nation (1996)
Mandela and de Klerk (1997)
Goodbye Bafana (2007)
Endgame (2009)
Invictus (2009)
Winnie Mandela (2011)
Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013)
Mandela: The Struggle Is My Life (2013)
Mandela's Gun (2016)
Family
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Graça Machel (wife)
Makgatho Mandela (son)
Makaziwe Mandela (daughter)
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Zindzi Mandela-Hlongwane (daughter)
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text:
Green, Green Grass of Home
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the Tom Jones album, see Green, Green Grass of Home (album).
"Green, Green Grass of Home"
Single by Porter Wagoner
from the album On the Road: The Porter Wagoner Show
Released
1965
Genre
Country
Length
2:21
Label
RCA Victor
Songwriter(s)
Curly Putman[1]
Porter Wagoner singles chronology
"I'm Gonna Feed You Now"
(1965) "Green, Green Grass of Home"
(1965) "Skid Row Joe"
(1965)
"I'm Gonna Feed You Now"
(1965) "Green, Green Grass of Home"
(1965) "Skid Row Joe"
(1965)
"Green, Green Grass of Home"
Single by Tom Jones
from the album Green, Green Grass of Home
B-side
"Promise Her Anything"
Released
November 1966
Genre
Country, schlager
Length
3:05
Label
Decca Records F22511[1]
Songwriter(s)
Curly Putman[1]
Producer(s)
Peter Sullivan[1]
Tom Jones singles chronology
"This and That"
(1966) "Green, Green Grass of Home"
(1966) "Detroit City"
(1967)
"This and That"
(1966) "Green, Green Grass of Home"
(1966) "Detroit City"
(1967)
"Green, Green Grass of Home", written by Claude "Curly" Putman, Jr. and first recorded by singer Johnny Darrell, is a country song originally made popular by Porter Wagoner in 1965, when it reached No. 4 on the country chart.[2] That same year it was sung by Bobby Bare, and later Tom Jones, in 1966, when it became a worldwide No. 1 hit. The song had also been recorded the previous year in 1965 by Jerry Lee Lewis, and included on his album Country Songs for City Folks (later re-issued as All Country), and Jones had learned the song from Lewis's version.
Contents
[hide]
1 Lyrics
2 Tom Jones version
2.1 Chart performance
3 Other versions
4 References
5 External links
Lyrics[edit]
A man returns to his childhood home; it seems that this is his first visit home since leaving in his youth. When he steps down from the train, his parents are there to greet him, and his beloved, Mary, comes running to join them. All is welcome and peace; all come to meet him with "arms reaching, smiling sweetly." With Mary the man strolls at ease among the monuments of his childhood, including "the old oak tree that I used to play on." It is "good to touch the green, green grass of home." Yet the music and the words are full of foreshadowing, strongly suggestive of mourning.
Abruptly, the man switches from song to speech as he awakens in prison: "Then I awake and look around me, at four grey walls that surround me. And I realize that I was only dreaming." He is, indeed, on death row. As the singing resumes, we learn that the man is waking on the day of his scheduled execution[3] ("there's a guard, and there's a sad old padre, arm in arm, we'll walk at daybreak"), and he will return home only to be buried: "Yes, they'll all come to see me in the shade of that old oak tree, as they lay me 'neath the green, green grass of home."
The Joan Baez version ends: "Yes, we'll all be together in the shade of the old oak tree / When we meet beneath the green, green grass of home."
Tom Jones version[edit]
Welsh singer Tom Jones, who was appearing on The Ed Sullivan Show in 1965, visited Colony Records while staying in New York City. On asking if they had any new works by Jerry Lee Lewis, he was given the new country album.
Impressed with the song, Jones recorded and released the song in the UK in 1966 and it reached No. 1 on 1 December, staying there for a total of seven weeks.[4] The song has sold 1.23 million copies in the UK as of November 2012.[5] Jones' version also reached #11 pop, #12 easy listening on the Billboard US charts.[6]
In February 2009, Jones performed the song live on a special Take-Away Show with Vincent Moon, along with "If He Should Ever Leave You" and "We Got Love", live in front of a camera in a hotel room in New York.[7]
In September 2006, Jones performed the song as a duet with Jerry Lee Lewis during the taping of the latter's Last Man Standing TV special in New York City, and credited Lewis with providing the inspiration behind his own recording.
Jones sang the song on the 2009/10 edition of Jool's Annual Hootenanny on 1 January 2010.
Chart performance[edit]
Chart (1967)
Peak
position
Irish Singles Chart 1
UK Singles Chart[8] 1
Norwegian Singles Chart 1
Australian Kent Music Report 1
New Zealand Singles Chart 2
Austrian Top 40 2
German Singles Chart 6
Canadian RPM Adult Contemporary Singles 10
US Billboard Hot 100 11
Canadian RPM Top 100 47
Other versions[edit]
Since then it has been recorded by many other solo vocalists and groups including:
1965: Del Reeves on his second album, Doodle-Oo-Doo-Doo
1966: Bobby Bare on his album, The Streets of Baltimore
1966: Charley Pride on the album Country
1967: Gene Parsons with the band Nashville West (album released in 1978)
1967 The Statler Brothers on their album Sing The Big Hits
1967: Roger Miller on his album Walkin' in the Sunshine
1967: A Serbo-Croatian language version by Miki Jevremović as Zelena Zelena Trava Doma Mog ...Diskos – EDK-3068 Vinyl, 7", 45 RPM, EP, Mono
1967: A Swedish version by Stig Anderson as "En sång en gång för längesen", of which both Björn Ulvaeus' Hootenanny Singers and Jan Malmsjö each had a 1967 Svensktoppen hit with, for six and 33 weeks respectively.[9]
1967: Dalida, under the name of Les grilles de ma maison, disc (Super 45 t : 71167)
1967: Dean Martin on the album Welcome to My World
1967: Jürgen Herbst recorded a German coverversion Der Weg zurück nach Haus' (CBS 2529)
1967: Agnaldo Timóteo, Brazilian singer, recorded the song on the album Obrigado Querida (Odeon – MOFB 3488), under the name of Os Verdes Campos Da Minha Terra, lyrics in Portuguese by Geraldo Figueiredo
1967: Nana Mouskouri under the name of "Le toit de ma maison" on the album Le Jour où la colombe
1968: Johnny Cash on the album Johnny Cash at Folsom Prison
1968: Frankie Laine on the album To Each His Own
1968: Hank Snow on the album Hits, Hits, and More Hits
1968: Porter Wagoner on the album Green Green Grass of Home
1968: Johnny Paycheck on the album Country Soul
1968: Merle Haggard on the album Mama Tried
1968: George Jones on the album The George Jones Story, and again on his 1972 release, Take Me.
1968: Trini Lopez on Welcome to Trini Country
1968: Pozo-Seco Singers on Shades of Time
1968: Pavel Novák Czech singer as Vím, že jen sním
1969: Joan Baez on the album David's Album
1969: Gé Korsten South African singer recorded an Afrikaans version "Groene Velde Van My Land" on the album Sing Seeman Sing
1969 The Grateful Dead performed it live a number of times
1971: Stompin' Tom Connors (a parody version as "The Green, Green Grass of Home, No. 2") on the album Stompin' Tom Connors, 'LIVE' at the Horseshoe
1972: The Fatback Band on the album Let's Do It Again
1975: Elvis Presley on the album Today
1976: Gram Parsons and The Flying Burrito Brothers on the album Sleepless Nights
1977: Kenny Rogers on the album Kenny Rogers
1986: Nick Cave quotes from the song in the opening line of "Sad Waters" on the album Your Funeral, My Trial
1986: Ted Hawkins on the album On the Boardwalk (The Venice Beach Tapes)
1993: Dennis Brown on the album The General
1993: Riblja Corba as "Zelena trava doma mog" on the album Zbogom Srbijo
2006: Katherine Jenkins on the album Serenade
2008: Mike Farris on the album Shout! Live
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Rice, Jo (1982). The Guinness Book of 500 Number One Hits (1st ed.). Enfield, Middlesex: Guinness Superlatives Ltd. p. 106. ISBN 0-85112-250-7.
Jump up ^ Porter Wagoner's "Green, Green Grass of Home" Chart Position Retrieved July 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ Tom Jones, "The Green Green Grass Of Home" Video Retrieved July 3, 2012.
Jump up ^ "All the Number One Singles - 1966". Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2010-04-19.
Jump up ^ Ami Sedghi (4 November 2012). "UK's million-selling singles: the full list". Guardian. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Green, Green Grass of Home (song by Tom Jones) • Music VF, US & UK hits charts". Musicvf.com. 1966-12-24. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
Jump up ^ Un invité (2009-02-09). "Tom Jones - La Blogothèque". Blogotheque.net. Retrieved 2011-08-15.
Jump up ^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. pp. 198–9. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
Jump up ^ "Svensktoppen : 1967-01-07". Sr.se. Retrieved 2014-04-06.
External links[edit]
"Tom Jones: Green, Green Grass of Home (1966 single)" at Discogs (list of releases)
BBC Interview with Tom Jones re. song "Green Green Grass of Home".
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
Preceded by
The Beatles "Day Tripper"/"We Can Work It Out" UK Christmas Number One single "Green, Green Grass of Home"
by Tom Jones
1966 Succeeded by
The Beatles "Hello, Goodbye"
Preceded by
"Good Vibrations"
by The Beach Boys UK number one single
by Tom Jones
3 December 1966 (for 7 weeks) Succeeded by
"I'm a Believer" by The Monkees
[show]
v
t
e
Tom Jones
Studio albums
Along Came Jones (It's Not Unusual) (1965)
What's New Pussycat? (1965)
A-tom-ic Jones (1966)
From the Heart (1966)
Green, Green Grass of Home (1967)
Delilah (1968)
Help Yourself (1968)
Reload (1999)
Mr. Jones (2002)
Praise & Blame (2010)
Spirit in the Room (2012)
Long Lost Suitcase (2015)
Live albums
John Farnham & Tom Jones – Together in Concert (2005)
Tom Jones Live in Las Vegas
Songs
"All You Need Is Love"
"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
"Black Betty"
"Burning Down the House"
"Carrying a Torch"
"Darlin'"
"Daughter of Darkness"
"Delilah"
"Detroit City"
"Gimme Shelter"
"Green, Green Grass of Home"
"Help Yourself"
"I (Who Have Nothing)"
"Islands in the Stream"
"It's Four in the Morning"
"It's Not Unusual"
"I'll Never Fall in Love Again"
"Kiss"
"Lady Lay Down"
"Mama Told Me Not to Come"
"Move Closer"
"Say You'll Stay Until Tomorrow"
"Sex Bomb"
"Sixteen Tons"
"She's a Lady"
"Stoned in Love"
"Till"
"What's New Pussycat?"
"Without Love (There Is Nothing)"
"The Young New Mexican Puppeteer"
"Thunderball"
Related articles
Discography
This Is Tom Jones (1969–71 TV show)
Tom Jones (1980–81 TV show)
Tom Jones: The Right Time (1992 TV show)
The Wexford Carols
[show]
v
t
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UK Christmas number-one singles in the 1960s
"I Love You" (Cliff Richard & The Shadows, 1960)
"Moon River" (Danny Williams, 1961)
"Return to Sender" (Elvis Presley, 1962)
"I Want to Hold Your Hand" (The Beatles, 1963)
"I Feel Fine" (The Beatles, 1964)
"Day Tripper" / "We Can Work It Out" (The Beatles, 1965)
"Green, Green Grass of Home" (Tom Jones, 1966)
"Hello, Goodbye" (The Beatles, 1967)
"Lily the Pink" (The Scaffold, 1968)
"Two Little Boys" (Rolf Harris, 1969)
Complete list
1950s
1960s
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
2010s
[show]
v
t
e
Katherine Jenkins
Studio albums
Première
Second Nature
Living a Dream
Serenade
Rejoice
Sacred Arias
Believe
Daydream
This Is Christmas
Home Sweet Home
Other albums
La Diva
From the Heart
The Ultimate Collection
Sweetest Love
One Fine Day
Singles
"Time to Say Goodbye"
"Green, Green Grass of Home"
"Bring Me to Life"
Video albums
Live at Llangollen
Viva la Diva
Related content
Discography
Time to Say Hello: The Autobiography
[show]
v
t
e
Best-selling singles by year in the United Kingdom
1952–1969
1952: "Auf Wiederseh'n Sweetheart" – Vera Lynn (UK)
1953: "I Believe" – Frankie Laine
1954: "Secret Love" – Doris Day
1955: "Rose Marie" – Slim Whitman
1956: "I'll Be Home" – Pat Boone
1957: "Diana" – Paul Anka
1958: "Jailhouse Rock" – Elvis Presley
1959: "Living Doll" – Cliff Richard (UK)
1960: "It's Now or Never" – Elvis Presley
1961: "Wooden Heart" – Elvis Presley
1962: "I Remember You" – Frank Ifield (UK)
1963: "She Loves You" – The Beatles (UK)
1964: "Can't Buy Me Love" – The Beatles (UK)
1965: "Tears" – Ken Dodd (UK)
1966: "Green, Green Grass of Home" – Tom Jones (UK)
1967: "Release Me" – Engelbert Humperdinck (UK)
1968: "Hey Jude" – The Beatles (UK)
1969: "Sugar, Sugar" – The Archies
1970–1989
1970: "The Wonder of You" – Elvis Presley
1971: "My Sweet Lord" – George Harrison (UK)
1972: "Amazing Grace" – The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Band (UK)
1973: "Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" – Tony Orlando and Dawn
1974: "Tiger Feet" – Mud (UK)
1975: "Bye Bye Baby" – Bay City Rollers (UK)
1976: "Save Your Kisses for Me" – Brotherhood of Man (UK)
1977: "Mull of Kintyre" / "Girls' School" – Wings (UK)
1978: "Rivers of Babylon" / "Brown Girl in the Ring" – Boney M.
1979: "Bright Eyes" – Art Garfunkel
1980: "Don't Stand So Close to Me" – The Police (UK)
1981: "Don't You Want Me" – The Human League (UK)
1982: "Come On Eileen" – Dexys Midnight Runners (UK)
1983: "Karma Chameleon" – Culture Club (UK)
1984: "Do They Know It's Christmas?" – Band Aid (UK)
1985: "The Power of Love" – Jennifer Rush
1986: "Don't Leave Me This Way" – The Communards (UK)
1987: "Never Gonna Give You Up" – Rick Astley (UK)
1988: "Mistletoe and Wine" – Cliff Richard (UK)
1989: "Ride on Time" – Black Box
1990–2009
1990: "Unchained Melody" – The Righteous Brothers
1991: "(Everything I Do) I Do It for You" – Bryan Adams
1992: "I Will Always Love You" – Whitney Houston
1993: "I'd Do Anything for Love (But I Won't Do That)" – Meat Loaf
1994: "Love Is All Around" – Wet Wet Wet (UK)
1995: "Unchained Melody" – Robson & Jerome (UK)
1996: "Killing Me Softly" – Fugees
1997: "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" / "Candle in the Wind 1997" – Elton John (UK)
1998: "Believe" – Cher
1999: "...Baby One More Time" – Britney Spears
2000: "Can We Fix It?" – Bob the Builder (UK)
2001: "It Wasn't Me" – Shaggy featuring Rikrok (UK)
2002: "Anything Is Possible" / "Evergreen" – Will Young (UK)
2003: "Where Is the Love?" – The Black Eyed Peas
2004: "Do They Know It's Christmas?" – Band Aid 20 (UK)
2005: "Is This the Way to Amarillo" – Tony Christie featuring Peter Kay (UK)
2006: "Crazy" – Gnarls Barkley
2007: "Bleeding Love" – Leona Lewis (UK)
2008: "Hallelujah" – Alexandra Burke (UK)
2009: "Poker Face" – Lady Gaga
2010–present
2010: "Love the Way You Lie" – Eminem featuring Rihanna
2011: "Someone Like You" – Adele (UK)
2012: "Somebody That I Used to Know" – Gotye featuring Kimbra
2013: "Blurred Lines" – Robin Thicke featuring T.I. & Pharrell Williams
2014: "Happy" – Pharrell Williams
2015: "Uptown Funk" – Mark Ronson (UK) featuring Bruno Mars
2016: "One Dance" – Drake featuring Wizkid and Kyla (UK)
[show]
v
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Johnny Cash
Studio albums
With His Hot and Blue Guitar
Sings the Songs That Made Him Famous
The Fabulous Johnny Cash
Greatest!
Songs of Our Soil
Sings Hank Williams
Now, There Was a Song!
Now Here's Johnny Cash
The Sound of Johnny Cash
All Aboard the Blue Train
Ring of Fire: The Best of Johnny Cash
The Original Sun Sound of Johnny Cash
I Walk the Line
Orange Blossom Special
Everybody Loves a Nut
Happiness Is You
Old Golden Throat
More of Old Golden Throat
Hello, I'm Johnny Cash
The World of Johnny Cash
Man in Black
A Thing Called Love
Any Old Wind That Blows
Ragged Old Flag
The Junkie and the Juicehead Minus Me
John R. Cash
Look at Them Beans
One Piece at a Time
The Last Gunfighter Ballad
I Would Like to See You Again
Gone Girl
Silver
Rockabilly Blues
The Baron
The Adventures of Johnny Cash
Johnny 99
Rainbow
Johnny Cash Is Coming to Town
Classic Cash: Hall of Fame Series
Water from the Wells of Home
Boom Chicka Boom
The Mystery of Life
American Recordings
Unchained
American III: Solitary Man
American IV: The Man Comes Around
Personal File
American V: A Hundred Highways
American VI: Ain't No Grave
Out Among the Stars
Concept albums
Ride This Train
Blood, Sweat and Tears
Bitter Tears: Ballads of the American Indian
Sings the Ballads of the True West
From Sea to Shining Sea
America: A 200-Year Salute in Story and Song
The Johnny Cash Children's Album
The Rambler
Gospel albums
Hymns by Johnny Cash
Hymns from the Heart
The Holy Land
The Gospel Road (film soundtrack)
Sings Precious Memories
A Believer Sings the Truth
Believe in Him
Return to the Promised Land (video soundtrack)
My Mother's Hymn Book
Christmas albums
The Christmas Spirit
The Johnny Cash Family Christmas
Classic Christmas
Johnny Cash Country Christmas
Collaborations
The Lure of the Grand Canyon
Carryin' On with Johnny Cash and June Carter
Johnny Cash and His Woman
The Legend of Jesse James
The Survivors Live
Highwayman
Class of '55
Heroes
Highwayman 2
The Road Goes on Forever
VH1 Storytellers
Live albums
At Folsom Prison
At San Quentin
The Johnny Cash Show
På Österåker
Strawberry Cake
Koncert v Praze (In Prague–Live)
At Madison Square Garden
A Concert Behind Prison Walls
Non-gospel soundtracks
I Walk the Line
Little Fauss and Big Halsy
Compilations
Greatest Hits, Vol. 1
Heart of Cash
Greatest Hits, Vol. 2
Sunday Morning Coming Down
International Superstar
Five Feet High and Rising
Destination Victoria Station
Greatest Hits, Vol. 3
The Unissued Johnny Cash
Johnny & June
Tall Man
Encore
Biggest Hits
The Man in Black 1954–1958
The Man in Black 1959–1962
Come Along and Ride This Train
The Essential Johnny Cash (1992)
Wanted Man
The Man in Black 1963–1969
The Man in Black – His Greatest Hits
16 Biggest Hits
Love, God, Murder
The Essential Johnny Cash (2002)
Unearthed
The Legend
The Legend of Johnny Cash
Johnny Cash: Patriot
16 Biggest Hits: Johnny Cash & June Carter Cash
The Legend of Johnny Cash Vol. II
The Complete Columbia Album Collection
Songs
"25 Minutes to Go"
"Seasons of My Heart"
"Any Old Wind That Blows"
"The Ballad of Boot Hill"
"The Ballad of Ira Hayes"
"Ballad of a Teenage Queen"
"Big River"
"Blistered"
"A Boy Named Sue"
"Busted"
"Cat's in the Cradle"
"Cocaine Blues"
"Cry! Cry! Cry!"
"Daddy Sang Bass"
"Dark as a Dungeon"
"Don't Take Your Guns to Town"
"Engine 143"
"Flesh and Blood"
"The Folk Singer"
"Folsom Prison Blues"
"Forty Shades of Green"
"Get Rhythm"
"Give My Love to Rose"
"Goodnight, Irene"
"Green, Green Grass of Home"
"Greystone Chapel"
"Guess Things Happen That Way"
"Hey, Porter"
"Home of the Blues"
"Hurt"
"I Couldn't Keep from Crying"
"I Love You Because"
"I Still Miss Someone"
"I Walk the Line"
"If I Had a Hammer"
"If I Were a Carpenter"
"In My Life"
"In the Jailhouse Now"
"It Ain't Me Babe"
"Jackson"
"Kate"
"The Man Comes Around"
"Man in Black"
"The Matador"
"Oh Lonesome Me"
"One Piece at a Time"
"Oney"
"Orange Blossom Special"
"The One on the Right Is on the Left"
"Remember the Alamo"
"(Ghost) Riders in the Sky"
"Ring of Fire"
"Rock Island Line"
"So Doggone Lonesome"
"Sunday Mornin' Comin' Down"
"Tennessee Flat Top Box"
"There Ain't No Good Chain Gang"
"A Thing Called Love"
"Understand Your Man"
"What Is Truth"
"What'd I Say"
Television
The Johnny Cash Show
Family
June Carter Cash
John Carter Cash
Rosanne Cash
Carlene Carter
Vivian Liberto
Tommy Cash
Carter Family
Related
Albums discography
Singles discography
Sun Records discography
The Highwaymen
Carter Family Fold
Man in Black: His Own Story in His Own Words
Cash: The Autobiography
Johnny Cash! The Man, His World, His Music
Walk the Line
We Walk the Line: A Celebration of the Music of Johnny Cash
Ring of Fire (2013 film)
Ring of Fire (musical)
My Father and the Man in Black
Dyess, Arkansas
The Tennessee Three
Book
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Green,_Green_Grass_of_Home&oldid=806648025"
Categories:
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Elvis Presley songs
Kenny Rogers songs
Trini Lopez songs
UK Singles Chart number-one singles
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