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How Far I'll Go
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"How Far I'll Go" is a song from Disney's 2016 animated feature film Moana. It was written and produced by Lin-Manuel Miranda.[1] The song was performed in the film by American actress and singer Auli'i Cravalho in her role as Moana. Canadian singer Alessia Cara also recorded the song for the Moana soundtrack. The song was nominated for Best Original Song at the 89th Academy Awards and Best Original Song at the 74th Golden Globe Awards but lost both to "City of Stars" from La La Land.
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Auli'i Cravalho version
2.1 Music video
2.2 Other languages
2.3 Charts
2.4 Certifications
2.4.1 Alessia Cara version
2.4.1.1 Blue Days version
2.5 Critical reception
2.6 Music video
2.7 Other languages
2.8 Charts
2.9 Certifications
3 Accolades
4 References
Composition[edit]
"How Far I'll Go" was composed as Moana's "I Want" song, following in the long tradition of "I Want" songs in Disney animated musicals going back to the Disney Renaissance era.[2][3] It replaced an earlier attempt called "More", for which the demo version recorded by Marcy Harriell was released as an outtake on the deluxe version of the soundtrack album. Although Miranda has stressed that he is still "very proud of" the song as a first draft, "More" was not good enough in retrospect because it merely expressed Moana's vague desire to see more since she had already figured out everything about the island.[2][3] In contrast, "How Far I'll Go" expresses a deeper, richer message: Moana's struggle with the irresistible impulse to explore beyond the reef notwithstanding her genuine love for her island, her family, and her people.[2][3] As Miranda explained to People: "To me that's much more complicated than, 'I hate it here and I want to get out,' ... To say, ‘I love it here, I love my parents, but why can't I stop walking to the ocean and fantasizing about getting out of here?' And questioning that instinct? It's even more confusing. And that's a valid story too."[3]
To make himself write a song more compelling than "More", Miranda "went method".[2] According to Miranda, he locked himself in his childhood bedroom at his parents' residence for an entire weekend in order to force his mind back to age 16 (i.e., the same age as Moana in the film), a time when he was facing what seemed like an "impossible distance" between the reality of his pleasant middle-class childhood which had no connection to show business whatsoever, and his dreams of a career in show business.[2] He was well aware that he was composing the next Disney "I Want" song after "Let It Go" and that whatever he wrote had to be different from "Let It Go".[2]
Auli'i Cravalho version[edit]
"How Far I'll Go"
Song by Auli'i Cravalho
from the album Moana
Released
November 18, 2016
Format
Digital download
Genre
Soul . Disney
Length
2:43
Label
Walt Disney
Songwriter(s)
Lin-Manuel Miranda
Producer(s)
Miranda
Moana track listing
"Where You Are"
(3) "How Far I'll Go"
(4) "We Know the Way"
(5)
American actress and singer Auli'i Cravalho, the voice of Moana, recorded "How Far I'll Go" for Moana and the Moana soundtrack. It was released along with the album on November 18, 2016.
Music video[edit]
A music video for the song was released on December 12, 2016.[4]
Other languages[edit]
When the movie had its first theater release worldwide, the song numbered 44 versions, including a special Tahitian-language adaptation created specifically for the movie.[5] For promotional purposes, South African singer Lira[6] and Filipino singer and actress Janella Salvador[7] recorded their own English-language versions of the song in order to play them over the end credits on the South African and Filipino release of the film, while Indonesian singer Maudy Ayunda and Malaysian singer Ayda Jebat recorded their own versions of the song respectively in Indonesian[8] and Malaysian[9] language.
On December 15, a 5-languages mash-up was released online, featuring singers from Southeast Asian countries: Janella Salvador from the Philippines, Maudy Ayunda from Indonesia, Myra Molloy from Thailand, Ayda Jebat from Malaysia and Trần Minh Như from Vietnam.[10] Shortly thereafter, a 24-languages video was released on Disney's Vevo channel.[11]
In June 2017, a Māori-language version of the movie, featuring four voice-actors from the original English cast, was announced.[12] Three weeks later, New Zealander Jaedyn Randell was introduced as Moana's singing voice. The movie is set to be released in September 2017.[13]
[show]"How Far I'll Go" worldwide
Language
Performer[14]
Title
Translation
Arabic كارمن عصام سليمان (Carmen Essam Suleiman) "المجهول يناديني" ("Almajhul inadini") "The unknown calls me"
Brazilian Portuguese Any Gabrielly "Saber quem sou" "To know who I am"
Bulgarian Михаела Маринова (Mihaela Marinova) "По пътя мой" ("Po pŭtya moĭ") "On my way"
Cantonese 蘇麗珊 (“So Lai Shan”; Cecilia So) (zh) "尋我的路" ("Chàhm ngóh dīk louh") "Find my own path"
Castilian Spanish María Parrado "Qué hay más allá" "What’s beyond"
Catalan Ana Fernández Pellicer "On aniré" "Where I will go"
Croatian Mia Negovetić "Što dalje" "What’s further away"
Czech Michaela Tomešová (cs) "Co je tam dál" "What's next"
Danish Clara Rugaard-Larsen "Hvor langt min verden når" "How far my world reaches"
Dutch Vajèn van den Bosch (nl) "Ooit zal ik gaan" "Sometime I’ll go"
English Auli’i Cravalho
Janella Salvador (Philippines end credits)
Lira (South Africa end credits) "How far I’ll go"
Estonian Kelly Tulvik "Kui kaugel see" "How far it is"
European Portuguese Sara Madeira "Onde irei ter" "Where I will get to"
Finnish Yasmine Yamajako "Taivaanrantaan" "Into the horizon"
Flemish Laura Tesoro "Ooit zal ik gaan" "Sometime I’ll go"
French Cerise Calixte "Le bleu lumière" "The gleam-blue"
German Debby Van Dooren "Ich bin bereit" "I am ready"
Greek Μαρίνα Σάττι (Marína Sátti) (el) "Αν θα την βρω" ("An tha tin vro") "If I'll find it"
Hebrew משי קלינשטיין (Meshi Kleinstein) (he) "כמה רחוק" ("Kama rachok") "How far"
Hindi श्रुति राणे (Shruti Rane) "मंजिल हैं जो" ("Manzil hai jo") "Where my destination is"
Hungarian Faluvégi Fanni "Ahogy csillan a távoli fény" "How the distant shine gleams"
Icelandic Agla Bríet Einarsdóttir "Hve langt ég fer" "How far I'll go"
Indonesian (Indonesia credits) Maudy Ayunda "Seberapa jauh ku melangkah" "How far I step"
Italian Chiara Grispo "Oltre l’orizzonte" "Beyond the horizon"
Japanese 屋比久知奈 (Tomona Yabiku) "どこまでも" ("Doko made mo") "To the ends of the earth"
Kazakh Назерке Серікболова (Nazerke Serikbolova) "Бірақ қайда барам" ("Biraq qayda baram") "Where do I go"
Korean 김소향 (Kim So-Hyang) "나 언젠간 떠날 거야" ("Na ŏnjen-gan ttŏnal gŏya") "When will I leave"
Latin American Spanish Sara Paula Gómez Arias "Cuán lejos voy" "How far I go"
Latvian Vanda Siliņa "Cik tālu došos es" "How far do I go"
Lithuanian Dorotėja Kravčenkaitė "Plauksiu iš čia" "I'll sail from here"
Malaysian (Malaysia credits) Ayda Jebat "Bawaku berkelana" "Take me wander"
Mandarin Chinese (China) 刘美麟 (Liú Měi-Lín) (zh) "能走多远" ("Néng zǒu duō yuǎn") "How far I’ll go"
Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan) 吳以悠 (“Wú Yǐ-Yōu”; Monica Wu) "海洋之心" ("Hǎiyáng zhī xīn") "The heart of the sea"
Māori Jaedyn Randell TBA TBA
Norwegian Nora Gjestvang "Hvor langt jeg må" "How far I need"
Polish Weronika Bochat "Pół kroku stąd" "Half a step away"
Romanian Ana Bianca Popescu "E viața mea" "It's my life"
Russian Зинаида Куприянович (Zinaida Kupriyanovich) (ru) "Что меня ждёт" ("Chto menya zhdyot") "What awaits me"
Serbian Ивона Рамбосек (Ivona Rambosek) (sr) "Пучине зов" ("Pučine zov") "Call of the high seas"
Slovak Monika Potokárová "Svet plný krás, naozaj mám" "This beautiful world is truly mine"
Slovene Katja Ajster "Do kod naj grem" "Where should I go"
Swedish Wiktoria Johansson "Vad jag kan nå" "What I can reach"
Tahitian Sabrina Laughlin "E fano ai au" "I will go"
Thai ไมร่า มณีภัสสร มอลลอย (Myra Molloy) "ห่างเพียงใด" ("Hang-phiang-dai") "How far is it"
Turkish Ezgi Erol "Uzaklara" "To far off places"
Ukrainian Маргарита Мелешко (Margarita Maleshko) "Ця далина така ясна" ("Tsya dalyna taka yasna") "This expance is so bright"
Vietnamese Trần Minh Như "Chặng đường bao xa" "How far the way is"
Charts[edit]
Chart (2016–17)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[15]
49
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[16]
53
New Zealand Heatseekers (Recorded Music NZ)[17]
1
Philippines (Philippine Hot 100)[18]
100
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[19]
39
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[20]
55
US Billboard Hot 100[21]
41
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[22]
Silver 200,000
United States (RIAA)[23]
Platinum 1,000,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Alessia Cara version[edit]
"How Far I'll Go"
Single by Alessia Cara
from the album Moana
Released
October 28, 2016 (2016-10-28)
Format
Digital download
Genre
Synthpop
tropical house
Length
2:55
Label
Walt Disney
Songwriter(s)
Lin-Manuel Miranda
Producer(s)
Miranda
Alessia Cara singles chronology
"Scars to Your Beautiful"
(2016) "How Far I'll Go"
(2016) "Stay"
(2017)
"Scars to Your Beautiful"
(2016) "How Far I'll Go"
(2016) "Stay"
(2017)
Music video
"How Far I'll Go" on YouTube
Canadian singer and songwriter Alessia Cara recorded "How Far I'll Go" for the Moana soundtrack, with the song being released ahead of the soundtrack on October 28, 2016.[24]
Blue Days version[edit]
Canadian singers Innes Reid and Eileen Nash (Blue Days) recorded this soundtrack July 9, 2017
Critical reception[edit]
Rolling Stone's Brittany Spanos called the song "inspirational and sweet" and went on to say "the uplifting song is a perfect fit into the Disney canon, with Cara belting lyrics about persevering to achieve her dreams in spite of her imperfections or detractors."[25] US magazine Rap-Up said "the empowering anthem allows the Canadian songstress to deliver outstanding vocals about overcoming adversity to reach for goals" and labeled it "a song with a message" and an "emotionally-charged track."[26] Taylor Weatherby of Billboard dubbed it a "bouncy, uplifting tune."[1] Idolator's Mike Wass said "the inspiring anthem is the perfect antidote to the general ugliness of 2016" and called it "a soaring ballad."[27]
Music video[edit]
The official music video for the song, directed by Aya Tanimura, was released on November 3, 2016.[28] Derek Lawrence of Entertainment Weekly described the video: "The video finds Cara roaming an empty beach as she belts out lyrics that reflect the film’s plot about a young Polynesian girl setting sail for an epic adventure."[29] The video was filmed at El Matador Beach in Malibu, California.[30]
Other languages[edit]
In many versions of Moana, Alessia Cara's version of the song played during the end credits. However, several localized adaptations of Cara's version of the song were recorded for the end credits of the film as released in certain markets around the world.
Vajèn van den Bosch (nl) (Dutch), Laura Tesoro (Flemish) and Cerise Calixte (French) sang the song both for the end credits and the movie.
[hide]"How far I'll go" end credits version worldwide
Language
Performer
Title
Translation
Dutch Vajèn van den Bosch (nl)[31] "Ooit zal ik gaan" "Sometime I'll go"
English Alessia Cara "How Far I'll Go"
Flemish Laura Tesoro[32] "Ooit zal ik gaan" "Sometime I'll go"
French Cerise Calixte[33] "Le bleu lumière" "The gleam-blue"
German Helene Fischer[34] "Ich bin bereit" "I am ready"
Japanese 加藤ミリヤ (Miliyah Kato)[35] "どこまでも" ("Doko made mo") "To the ends of the earth"
Kazakh Гулсим Мырзабекова (Gulsim Myrzabekova)[36] "Бірақ қайда барам" ("Biraq qayda daram") "Where do I go"
Mandarin Chinese (China) 吉克隽逸 ("Jike Junyì"; Summer Jike) (zh)[37][38] "海洋之心" ("Hǎiyáng zhī xīn") "The heart of the sea"
Mandarin Chinese (Taiwan) 阿玲 ("Ā Líng"; A-Lin)[39][40]
Polish Natalia Nykiel[41] "Pół kroku stąd" "Half a step away"
Russian Юлианна Караулова (Yulianna Karaulova)[42] "Ceрдцe мoё" ("Syerdtse moyo") "My heart"
Charts[edit]
Chart (2016–17)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[43]
15
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[44]
58
Belgium (Ultratip Flanders)[45]
1
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[46]
19
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[47]
46
Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[48]
29
Denmark (Tracklisten)[49]
29
Germany (Official German Charts)[50]
53
Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[51]
31
Ireland (IRMA)[52]
26
Italy (FIMI)[53]
51
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[54]
67
Malaysia (RIM)[55]
13
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[56]
26
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[17]
3
Norway (VG-lista)[57]
10
Philippines (Philippine Hot 100)[18]
79
Portugal (AFP)[58]
40
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[59]
80
Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[60]
36
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[61]
7
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[62]
66
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[63]
49
US Billboard Hot 100[64]
56
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Australia (ARIA)[65]
Gold 35,000^
Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[66]
Gold 45,000^
Italy (FIMI)[67]
Gold 25,000
New Zealand (RMNZ)[68]
Platinum 30,000*
Sweden (GLF)[69]
Platinum 40,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[70]
Silver 200,000
United States (RIAA)[71]
Platinum 1,000,000
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone
Accolades[edit]
Main article: List of accolades received by Moana (2016 film)
Awards
Award
Category
Result
Ref.
Academy Awards Best Original Song Nominated [72]
Critics' Choice Awards Best Song [73]
Golden Globe Awards Best Original Song [74]
Houston Film Critics Society Best Original Song [75]
St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Best Song [76]
References[edit]
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[show]
v
t
e
Alessia Cara
Discography
Studio albums
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Featured singles
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"Remember Home"
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text:
List of missions to Mars
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Mars and its moons have been a target for many spacecraft, with flyby, orbiter, lander and rover missions visiting the planet.[1][2] In addition, two spacecraft, Rosetta and Dawn, have made flybys to get gravity assists for other missions; the former en route to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko, and the latter en route to asteroid 4 Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres. Three missions were dedicated to Phobos, but they did not achieve their targets
Contents
[hide]
1 Missions
2 Locations of selected Mars landers and rovers
3 Future missions
3.1 In development
3.2 Proposals
4 Missions to the moons of Mars
5 See also
6 References
Missions[edit]
Spacecraft
Launch Date
Operator
Mission[1]
Outcome[3]
Remarks
Carrier rocket[2]
1M No.1 000000001960-10-10-000010 October 1960 OKB-1
Soviet Union Flyby 0Launch failure Failed to orbit Molniya
1M No.2 000000001960-10-14-000014 October 1960 OKB-1
Soviet Union Flyby 0Launch failure Failed to orbit Molniya
2MV-4 No.1 000000001962-10-24-000024 October 1962 Soviet Union Flyby 0Launch failure Booster stage ("Block L") disintegrated in LEO Molniya
Mars 1
(2MV-4 No.2) 000000001962-11-01-00001 November 1962 Soviet Union Flyby 1Spacecraft failure Communications lost before flyby Molniya
2MV-3 No.1 000000001962-11-04-00004 November 1962 Soviet Union Lander 0Launch failure Never left LEO Molniya
Mariner 3 000000001964-11-05-00005 November 1964 NASA
United States Flyby 0Launch failure Payload fairing failed to separate Atlas LV-3 Agena-D
Mariner 4 000000001964-11-28-000028 November 1964 NASA
United States Flyby 4Successful Closest approach at 01:00:57 UTC on 15 July 1965 Atlas LV-3 Agena-D
Zond 2
(3MV-4A No.2) 000000001964-11-30-000030 November 1964 Soviet Union Flyby 1Spacecraft failure Communications lost before flyby Molniya
Mariner 6 000000001969-02-25-000025 February 1969 NASA
United States Flyby 4Successful Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
2M No.521 000000001969-03-27-000027 March 1969 Soviet Union Orbiter 0Launch failure Failed to orbit Proton-K/D
Mariner 7 000000001969-03-27-000027 March 1969 NASA
United States Flyby 4Successful Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
2M No.522 000000001969-04-02-00002 April 1969 Soviet Union Orbiter 0Launch failure Failed to orbit Proton-K/D
Mariner 8 000000001971-05-09-00009 May 1971 NASA
United States Orbiter 0Launch failure Failed to orbit Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Kosmos 419
(3MS No.170) 000000001971-05-10-000010 May 1971 Soviet Union Orbiter 0Launch failure Never left LEO; booster stage burn timer set incorrectly Proton-K/D
Mars 2
(4M No.171) 000000001971-05-19-000019 May 1971 Soviet Union Orbiter 3Mostly successful Entered orbit 27 November 1971, operated for 362 orbits. Mapping operations unsuccessful due to dust storms on the surface[4] Proton-K/D
Mars 2 lander
(SA 4M No.171) 000000001971-05-19-000019 May 1971 Soviet Union Lander 1Spacecraft failure Deployed from Mars 2, failed to land during attempt on 27 November 1971 Proton-K/D
Mars 3
(4M No.172) 000000001971-05-28-000028 May 1971 Soviet Union Orbiter 3Mostly successful Entered orbit 2 December 1971, operated for 20 orbits.[5] Mapping operations unsuccessful due to dust storms on the surface[6] Proton-K/D
Mars 3 lander
(SA 4M No.172) 000000001971-05-28-000028 May 1971 Soviet Union Lander 2Partial failure Deployed from Mars 3; landed at 13:52 UTC on 2 December 1971; contact lost 14.5 seconds after transmission start Proton-K/D
Prop-M Rover rover
(SA 4M No.172) 000000001971-05-28-000028 May 1971 Soviet Union Rover 1Spacecraft failure Failed to deploy Proton-K/D
Mariner 9 000000001971-05-30-000030 May 1971 NASA
United States Orbiter 4Successful[7] Entered orbit on 14 November 1971, deactivated 516 days after entering orbit Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D
Mars 4
(3MS No.52S) 000000001973-07-21-000021 July 1973 Soviet Union Orbiter 1Spacecraft failure Failed to perform orbital insertion burn Proton-K/D
Mars 5
(3MS No.53S) 000000001973-07-25-000025 July 1973 Soviet Union Orbiter 2Partial failure Failed after 9 days in Mars orbit; returned 180 frames Proton-K/D
Mars 6
(3MP No.50P) 000000001973-08-05-00005 August 1973 Soviet Union Lander
Flyby 1Spacecraft failure Contact lost upon landing, atmospheric data mostly unreadable. Flyby bus collected data.[8] Proton-K/D
Mars 7
(3MP No.51P) 000000001973-08-09-00009 August 1973 Soviet Union Lander
Flyby 1Spacecraft failure Separated from coast stage prematurely, failed to enter Martian atmosphere Proton-K/D
Viking 1 orbiter 000000001975-08-20-000020 August 1975 NASA
United States Orbiter 4Successful Operated for 1385 orbits Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
Viking 1 lander 000000001975-08-20-000020 August 1975 NASA
United States Lander 4Successful Deployed from Viking 1 orbiter, operated for 2245 sols Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
Viking 2 orbiter 000000001975-09-09-00009 September 1975 NASA
United States Orbiter 4Successful Operated for 700 orbits Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
Viking 2 lander 000000001975-09-09-00009 September 1975 NASA
United States Lander 4Successful Deployed from Viking 2 orbiter, operated for 1281 sols Titan IIIE Centaur-D1T
Phobos 1
(1F No.101) 000000001988-07-07-00007 July 1988 Soviet Union Orbiter
Phobos lander 1Spacecraft failure Communications lost before reaching Mars; failed to enter orbit Proton-K/D-2
Phobos 2
(1F No.102) 000000001988-07-12-000012 July 1988 Soviet Union Orbiter
Phobos lander 2Partial failure Orbital observations successful, communications lost before landing Proton-K/D-2
Mars Observer 000000001992-09-25-000025 September 1992 NASA
United States Orbiter 1Spacecraft failure Lost communications before orbital insertion Commercial Titan III
Mars Global Surveyor 000000001996-11-07-00007 November 1996 NASA
United States Orbiter 4Successful Operated for seven years Delta II 7925
Mars 96
(M1 No.520) 000000001996-11-16-000016 November 1996 Rosaviakosmos
Russia Orbiter
Penetrators 0Launch failure Never left LEO Proton-K/D-2
Mars Pathfinder 000000001996-12-04-00004 December 1996 NASA
United States Lander 4Successful Landed at 19.13°N 33.22°W on 4 July 1997[9] Delta II 7925
Sojourner 000000001996-12-04-00004 December 1996 NASA
United States Rover 4Successful Operated for 84 days[10] Delta II 7925
Nozomi
(PLANET-B) 000000001998-07-03-00003 July 1998 ISAS
Japan Orbiter 1Spacecraft failure Ran out of fuel before reaching Mars M-V
Mars Climate Orbiter 000000001998-12-11-000011 December 1998 NASA
United States Orbiter 1Spacecraft failure Approached Mars too closely during orbit insertion attempt due to unit conversion error and burned up in the atmosphere Delta II 7425
Mars Polar Lander 000000001999-01-03-00003 January 1999 NASA
United States Lander 1Spacecraft failure Failed to land Delta II 7425
Deep Space 2 000000001999-01-03-00003 January 1999 NASA
United States Penetrator 1Spacecraft failure Deployed from MPL, no data returned Delta II 7425
Mars Odyssey 000000002001-04-07-00007 April 2001 NASA
United States Orbiter 5Operational Expected to remain operational until 2025. Delta II 7925
Mars Express 000000002003-06-02-00002 June 2003 ESA
Europe Orbiter 5Operational Enough fuel to remain operational until 2026. Soyuz-FG/Fregat
Beagle 2 000000002003-06-02-00002 June 2003 ESA
Europe Lander 1Lander failure Deployed from Mars Express. Successful landing, but two solar panels failed to deploy, obstructing its communications. Soyuz-FG/Fregat
Spirit
(MER-A) 000000002003-06-10-000010 June 2003 NASA
United States Rover 4Successful operated for 2208 sols Delta II 7925
Opportunity
(MER-B) 000000002003-07-08-00008 July 2003 NASA
United States Rover 5Operational Delta II 7925H
Rosetta 000000002004-03-02-00002 March 2004 ESA
Europe Gravity assist 4Successful Flyby in February 2007 en route to 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko[11] Ariane 5G+
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 000000002005-08-12-000012 August 2005 NASA
United States Orbiter 5Operational Atlas V 401
Phoenix 000000002007-08-04-00004 August 2007 NASA
United States Lander 4Successful Delta II 7925
Dawn 000000002007-09-27-000027 September 2007 NASA
United States Gravity assist 4Successful Flyby in February 2009 en route to 4 Vesta and Ceres Delta II 7925H
Fobos-Grunt 000000002011-11-08-00008 November 2011 Roskosmos
Russia Orbiter
Phobos sample 1Spacecraft failure Never left LEO (intended to depart under own power) Zenit-2M
Yinghuo-1 000000002011-11-08-00008 November 2011 CNSA
PR China Orbiter 1Failure
Lost with Fobos-Grunt To have been deployed by Fobos-Grunt Zenit-2M
Curiosity
(Mars Science Laboratory) 000000002011-11-26-000026 November 2011 NASA
United States Rover 5Operational Atlas V 541
Mars Orbiter Mission
(Mangalyaan) 000000002013-11-05-00005 November 2013 ISRO
India Orbiter 5Operational Entered Mars orbit on 24 September 2014. Mission extended till 2020.[12] PSLV-XL
MAVEN 000000002013-11-18-000018 November 2013 NASA
United States Orbiter 5Operational Orbit insertion on September 22, 2014[13] Atlas V 401
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter 000000002016-03-14-000014 March 2016 ESA/Roscosmos
Europe/Russia Orbiter 5Operational Proton-M/Briz-M
Schiaparelli EDM lander 000000002016-03-14-000014 March 2016 ESA
Europe Lander 1Partial failure Carried by the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter. Lander crashed, but test declared successful.[14][15] Proton-M/Briz-M
Locations of selected Mars landers and rovers[edit]
Interactive imagemap of the global topography of Mars, overlain with locations of Mars landers and rovers (Red label = Rover; Blue label = Lander; bold red/blue = currently active). Hover your mouse to see the names of over 25 prominent geographic features, and click to link to them. Coloring of the base map indicates relative elevations, based on data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor. Reds and pinks are higher elevation (+3 km to +8 km); yellow is 0 km; greens and blues are lower elevation (down to −8 km). Whites (>+12 km) and browns (>+8 km) are the highest elevations. Axes are latitude and longitude; Poles are not shown.
(See also: Mars map & Mars Memorials & Mars Memorials map) (view • discuss)
← Beagle 2 (2003)
Curiosity (2012) →
Deep Space 2 (1999) →
Mars 2 (1971) →
← Mars 3 (1971)
Mars 6 (1973) →
Polar Lander (1999) ↓
↑ Opportunity (2004)
← Phoenix (2008)
Schiaparelli EDM (2016) →
← Sojourner (1997)
Spirit (2004) ↑
Viking 1 (1976) →
Viking 2 (1976) →
There are a number of derelict orbiters around Mars whose location is not known precisely; there is a proposal to search for small moons, dust rings, and old orbiters with the Optical Navigation Camera on Mars Recon. Orbiter.[16] There should be 8 derelict Mars orbiters barring unforeseen events if they have not decayed as of 2016.[17] One example is Mariner 9, which entered Mars orbit in 1971 and is expected to remain in orbit until approximately 2022, when the spacecraft is projected to enter the Martian atmosphere and either burn up or crash into the planet's surface.[18] The Viking 1 orbiter is predicted not to decay until at least 2019.[19] One orbiter that is confirmed to have undergone Mars atmospheric entry is Mars Climate Orbiter.
(see also List of Mars orbiters)
Future missions[edit]
In development[edit]
Mission
Launch
Notes
Country or Space Agency
InSight May 5, 2018[20][21] Lander NASA, USA
Emirates Mars Mission July 2020[22][23][24] Orbiter[22] MBRSC, UAE
Mars 2020 July 2020 Rover NASA, USA
ExoMars 2020 July 2020[25] Lander, Rover ESA/ASE, EU
2020 Chinese Mars Mission July/August 2020[26] Orbiter, lander, rover CNSA, PRC
NICT Mars mission[27] July 2020[28] Orbiter NICT, ISSL, Japan
Mangalyaan 2[29] 2021-2022[30] Orbiter.
Optional: lander, rover. ISRO, India
Proposals[edit]
Mission
Launch
Notes
Country or Space Agency
NASA 2022 orbiter 2022 Telecomm orbiter[31] NASA, USA
Crewed mission to Mars[32] SpaceX, USA
2030[33] Sample return phase of the Chinese Mars exploration program CNSA, PRC
Mars One Orbiter, lander, rover, Human Colony Mars One, USA
2036[26] Crewed phase of the Chinese Mars exploration program CNSA, PRC
2040–45 Crewed phase of the Russian Mars exploration program[34] Роскосмос (Roscosmos), Russian Federation
Mars to Stay Settlement[citation needed] United States
Missions to the moons of Mars[edit]
Phobos' Stickney Crater
Deimos (lower left) and Phobos (lower right) compared with the asteroid 951 Gaspra
Phobos by Mars Global Surveyor in 1998[35]
Missions dedicated to explore the two moons of Mars, Phobos and Deimos. Many missions to Mars have also included dedicated observations of the Moons, while this section is about missions focused solely on them. There have been three unsuccessful dedicated missions and many proposals. Because of the proximity of the Mars moons to Mars, any mission to them may also be considered a mission to Mars from some perspectives.
There have been at least three proposals in the United States Discovery Program, including PADME, PANDORA, and MERLIN.[36] The ESA has also considered a sample return mission, one of the latest known as Martian Moon Sample Return or MMSR, and it may use heritage from an asteroid sample return mission.[37]
In Japan, the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) is assessing a sample return mission to Phobos.[38][39] This mission is called MMX (Martian Moons Explorer)[40] and is proposed as a flagship Strategic Large Mission.[41] If funded, MMX will build on the expertise the Japanese Space Agency (JAXA) would gain through the Hayabusa 2 and SLIM missions.[42] As of January 2016, MMX is under review by JAXA, and is proposed to be launched in 2022.[39][43]
Proposal
Target
Reference
Aladdin Phobos and Deimos [44]
DSR Deimos [45]
Gulliver Deimos [46]
Hall Phobos and Deimos [47]
M-PADS Phobos and Deimos [48]
Merlin Phobos and Deimos [49]
MMSR (2011 ver.) Phobos or Deimos [37]
OSRIS-REx 2 Phobos or Deimos [50]
Pandora Phobos and Deimos [36]
PCROSS Phobos [51]
Phobos Surveyor Phobos [52]
PRIME Phobos [53]
Fobos-Grunt 2 Phobos [54]
Phootprint Phobos [55][56]
PADME Phobos and Deimos [57][58]
Martian Moons Explorer (MMX) Phobos [40]
Three missions to land on Phobos have been launched; the Phobos program in the late 1980s saw the launch of Fobos 1 and Fobos 2, while the Fobos-Grunt sample return mission was launched in 2011. None of these missions were successful: Fobos 1 failed en route to Mars, Fobos 2 failed shortly before landing, and Fobos-Grunt never left low Earth orbit.
Launched mission
Target
Reference
Phobos 1 Phobos
Phobos 2 Phobos
Fobos-Grunt Phobos
Missions sent to the Martian system have returned data on Phobos and Deimos and missions specifically dedicated to the moons are a subset of missions Mars that often include dedicated goals to acquire data about these moons. An example of this is the imaging campaigns by Mars Express of the Mars moons.
Osiris-Rex 2 was a proposal to make OR a double mission, with the other one collecting samples from the two Mars moons.[59] In 2012, it was stated that this mission would be the both quickest and least expensive way to get samples from the Moons.[60]
The 'Red Rocks Project', a part of Lockheed Martin's "Stepping stones to Mars" program, proposed to explore Mars robotically from Deimos.[61][62]
See also[edit]
Mars portal
Spaceflight portal
Artificial objects on Mars
Exploration of Mars
Manned mission to Mars
Mars Exploration Rover
Mars flyby
Mars landing
Mars rover
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Chronology of Mars Exploration. NASA. Retrieved on 2011-12-01.
^ Jump up to: a b Russian Space Web - Mars Missions
Jump up ^ "Pathfinder Rover Gets Its Name".
Jump up ^ "Missions to Mars". The Planetary Society.
Jump up ^ Perminov, V.G. (July 1999). The Difficult Road to Mars - A Brief History of Mars Exploration in the Soviet Union (PDF). NASA Headquarters History Division. pp. 34–60. ISBN 0-16-058859-6.
Jump up ^ Webster, Guy (April 11, 2013). "NASA Mars Orbiter Images May Show 1971 Soviet Lander". NASA. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
Jump up ^ Pyle, Rod (2012). Destination Mars. Prometheus Books. pp. 73–78. ISBN 978-1-61614-589-7. It was the first spacecraft to enter orbit around another world.
Jump up ^ NSSDC - Mars 6
Jump up ^ "Mars Pathfinder Science Results". NASA.
Jump up ^ Mars Pathfinder - Welcome to Mars - Sol 86
Jump up ^ "ESA - Beautiful new images from Rosetta's approach to Mars: OSIRIS UPDATE". Esa.int. 2007-02-24. Retrieved 2012-01-16.
Jump up ^ http://www.deccanherald.com/content/595344/isro-mars-orbiter-mission-life.html
Jump up ^ Brown, Dwayne; Neal-Jones, Nancy; Zubritsky, Elizabeth (September 21, 2014). "NASA's Newest Mars Mission Spacecraft Enters Orbit around Red Planet". NASA. Retrieved September 22, 2014.
Jump up ^ Chan, Sewell (20 October 2016). "No Signal From Mars Lander, but European Officials Declare Mission a Success". New York Times. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Wall, Mike (21 October 2016). "ExoMars '96 Percent' Successful Despite Lander Crash: ESA". Space.com. Retrieved 2016-10-21.
Jump up ^ M. Adler, et al. – Use of MRO Optical Navigation Camera .. (2012)
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ NASA - This Month in NASA History: Mariner 9, November 29, 2011 – Vol. 4, Issue 9 Archived May 14, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ [2]
Jump up ^ Clark, Stephen (9 March 2016). "InSight Mars lander escapes cancellation, aims for 2018 launch". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
Jump up ^ Chang, Kenneth (9 March 2016). "NASA Reschedules Mars InSight Mission for May 2018". New York Times. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Clark, Stephen (8 May 2015). "UAE details ambitious plan for Martian weather satellite". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
Jump up ^ "Emirates Mars Mission". iCresRise Magazine. January 2016. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Emirates Mars Mission. Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC). 5 May 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2016.
Jump up ^ "Second ExoMars mission moves to next launch opportunity in 2020" (Press release). ESA. 2 May 2016. Retrieved 2 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "China shows first images of Mars rover, aims for 2020 mission". Reuter. 24 Aug 2016. Retrieved 10 Dec 2016.
Jump up ^ "惑星資源探査 ⼩型テラヘルツ探査機" (PDF) (in Japanese). National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 2017-05-13.
Jump up ^ Yamazaki, Keisuke (March 27, 2017). "Japan planning 2020 mission to put satellite in Martian orbit". The Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved 2017-05-13.
Jump up ^ "India plans second Mars mission in 2018". CNN IBN. 30 October 2014. Retrieved 2014-10-30.
Jump up ^ "India eyes a return to Mars and a first run at Venus". Science. 17 February 2017. Retrieved 1 May 2017.
Jump up ^ Stephen, Clark (March 3, 2015). "NASA eyes ion engines for Mars orbiter launching in 2022". Space Flight Now. Retrieved 2015-03-05.
Jump up ^ http://www.popsci.com/elon-musk-wants-to-put-humans-on-mars-by-2025
Jump up ^ Jones, Andrew (22 February 2016). "China is racing to make the 2020 launch window to Mars". GB Times. Retrieved 10 Dec 2016.
Jump up ^ Пилотируемый полет на Марс будет возможен после 2040 года - Роскосмос. versii.com (in Russian). Retrieved 22 August 2014.
Jump up ^ [3]
^ Jump up to: a b MERLIN: The Creative Choices Behind a Proposal to Explore the Martian Moons (Merlin and PADME info also)
^ Jump up to: a b MMSR - a study for a Martian Moon Sample Return mission
Jump up ^ "Introduction to JAXA's Exploration of the Two Moons of Mars, with Sample Return from Phobos" (PDF). Phobos/Deimos Sample Return Mission Study Team. 26 October 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
^ Jump up to: a b "JAXA、火星衛星「フォボス」探査…２２年に". The Yomiuri Shimbun (in Japanese). January 4, 2016. Archived from the original on January 4, 2016. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
^ Jump up to: a b "ISASニュース 2016.1 No.418" (PDF) (in Japanese). Institute of Space and Astronautical Science. 22 January 2016. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
Jump up ^ "宇宙科学・探査分野 工程表取り組み状況について その3" (PDF) (in Japanese). Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency. 13 October 2015. Retrieved 2015-12-21.
Jump up ^ Torishima, Shinya (June 19, 2015). "JAXAの「火星の衛星からのサンプル・リターン」計画とは". Mynavi News (in Japanese). Retrieved 2015-10-06.
Jump up ^ JAXA plans probe to bring back samples from moons of Mars
Jump up ^ C. Pieters, et al. - Aladdin: Phobos-Deimos Sample Return
Jump up ^ Small Body Sample Return to Deimos
Jump up ^ Dr. Britt - The Gulliver Mission: Sample Return from Deimos
Jump up ^ P. Lee, et al. - Hall: A Phobos and Deimos Sample Return Mission
Jump up ^ Mars Phobos and Deimos Survey (M-PADS)–A Martian Moons Orbiter and Phobos Lander (Ball, Andrew J.; Price, Michael E.; Walker, Roger J.; Dando, Glyn C.; Wells, Nigel S. and Zarnecki, John C. (2009). Mars Phobos and Deimos Survey (M-PADS)–A Martian Moons Orbiter and Phobos Lander. Advances in Space Research, 43(1), pp. 120–127.)
Jump up ^ Murchie, S.; Eng, D.; Chabot, N.; Guo, Y.; Arvidson, R.; Yen, A.; Trebi-Ollennu, A.; Seelos, F.; Adams, E.; Fountain, G. (2014). "MERLIN: Mars-Moon Exploration, Reconnaissance and Landed Investigation". Acta Astronautica. 93: 475–482. Bibcode:2014AcAau..93..475M. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.10.014.
Jump up ^ Elifritz, T. L. - OSIRIS-REx II to Mars
Jump up ^ Colaprete, A, et al. - PCROSS — Phobos Close Rendevous(sic) Observation Sensing Satellite
Jump up ^ Phobos Surveyor - Space Safety Magazine
Jump up ^ PRIME
Jump up ^ SSM - Phobos-Grunt 2 Bound for Launch in 2020, Russians Confirmed While Celebrating Sputnik
Jump up ^ Barraclough, Simon; Ratcliffe, Andrew; Buchwald, Robert; Scheer, Heloise; Chapuy, Marc; Garland, Martin (June 16, 2014). Phootprint: A European Phobos Sample Return Mission (PDF). 11th International Planetary Probe Workshop. Airbus Defense and Space.
Jump up ^ Koschny, Detlef; Svedhem, Håkan; Rebuffat, Denis (August 2, 2014). "Phootprint - A Phobos sample return mission study". ESA. Bibcode:2014cosp...40E1592K. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
Jump up ^ Lee, Pascal; Bicay, Michael; Colapre, Anthony; Elphic, Richard (March 17–21, 2014). Phobos And Deimos & Mars Environment (PADME): A LADEE-Derived Mission to Explore Mars's Moons and the Martian Orbital Environment. (PDF). 45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2014).
Jump up ^ Reyes, Tim (1 October 2014). "Making the Case for a Mission to the Martian Moon Phobos". Universe Today. Retrieved 2014-10-05.
Jump up ^ OSIRIS-REx II to Mars - Mars Sample Return from Phobos and Deimos
Jump up ^ Elifritz, T. L. - OSIRIS-REx II to Mars — Mars Sample Return from Phobos and Deimos (2012)
Jump up ^ Larry Page Deep Space Exploration - Stepping Stones builds up to "Red Rocks : Explore Mars from Deimos"
Jump up ^ One Possible Small Step Toward Mars Landing: A Martian Moon
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values: Spisak misija istraživanja Marsa – Bosnian

values: Llista de missions d'exploració de Mart – Catalan

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values: Anexo:Sondas espaciales lanzadas a Marte – Spanish

values: मंगल ग्रह के मिशन की सूची – Hindi

values: Chronologie vun de Marsmissiounen – Luxembourgish

values: Lijst van ruimtevluchten naar Mars – Dutch

values: Cronologia das missões a Marte – Portuguese

values: 火星探测任务列表 – Chinese

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