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High-capacity magazine ban
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A high-capacity magazine ban is a law which bans or otherwise restricts high-capacity magazines, detachable firearm magazines that can hold more than a certain number of rounds of ammunition. For example, in the United States, the now-expired Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994 included limits regarding magazines that could hold more than ten rounds. Eight U.S. states, and a number of local governments, ban or regulate magazines that they have legally defined as high-capacity. The majority of states (42) do not ban or regulate any magazines on the basis of capacity. States that do have large capacity magazine bans or restrictions typically do not apply to firearms with fixed magazines whose capacity would otherwise exceed the large capacity threshold.
The federal ban of 1994 defined a magazine capable of holding more than 10 rounds of ammunition as a large capacity ammunition feeding device. Likewise, the state of California defines a large capacity magazine as "any ammunition feeding device with a capacity to accept more than 10 rounds."[1] Such devices are commonly called high-capacity magazines.[2][3][4] Among states with bans, the maximum capacity is 10 to 20 rounds. Several municipalities, such as New York City, restrict magazine capacity to 5 rounds for rifles and shotguns.[5] The state of New York previously limited magazine capacity to 7 rounds, but a District Court ruled this ban to be excessive and could not "survive intermediate scrutiny".[6] Most Americans support a ban on the sale and possession of high capacity magazines, according to polls.[7][8][9][10][11][12]
Most pistols sold in the U.S. are made and sold with magazines holding between 10 and 17 rounds.[13] In November 2013, the National Rifle Association sued the city of San Francisco over an ordinance banning possession of magazines capable of holding more than 10 rounds. At the time, no court had overturned a ban on high-capacity guns or magazines.[14] In March 2014, the Supreme Court refused to halt a similar ban by the city of Sunnyvale, California.[15]
Contents
1 United States
1.1 Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994
1.2 State high-capacity magazine bans
1.3 Municipal and county high-capacity magazine bans
1.4 Legal status
1.5 Public opinion
2 Canada
3 Hunting
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
United States[edit]
Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994[edit]
Main article: Federal Assault Weapons Ban
William B. Ruger, a founder of Sturm, Ruger & Co., is often ascribed with providing the impetus for high capacity magazine restrictions. Ruger proposed that instead of banning firearms, Congress should outlaw magazines holding more than 15 rounds.[16] “No honest man needs more than 10 rounds in any gun,” Ruger told Tom Brokaw of NBC News in 1992.[17][18] On March 30, 1989, Ruger sent a letter to every member of the US Congress stating:
"The best way to address the firepower concern is therefore not to try to outlaw or license many millions of older and perfectly legitimate firearms (which would be a licensing effort of staggering proportions) but to prohibit the possession of high capacity magazines. By a simple, complete and unequivocal ban on large capacity magazines, all the difficulty of defining 'assault rifle' and 'semi-automatic rifles' is eliminated. The large capacity magazine itself, separate or attached to the firearm, becomes the prohibited item. A single amendment to Federal firearms laws could effectively implement these objectives."
William B. Ruger[19]
The Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1993 included a ban on magazines capable of holding more than ten rounds of ammunition.[20]:1–2 The Public Safety and Recreational Firearms Use Protection Act, commonly called the assault weapons ban (AWB), was enacted in September 1994. The ban, including its ban on magazines capable of holding more than ten rounds of ammunition, became defunct (expired) in September 2004 per a sunset provision. Attempts to renew the ban have failed on the federal level.
State high-capacity magazine bans[edit]
See also: Gun laws in the United States by state
As of March 2014, Washington, D.C. and nine U.S. states have high-capacity magazine restrictions or bans.[21]
California
Colorado (on in-state sales of magazines with a capacity of 16 rounds or greater)
Connecticut
Hawaii (on handguns only)
Maryland (on in-state sales of magazines with a capacity of 11 rounds or greater)
Massachusetts
New Jersey
New York
Vermont
In Virginia, high-capacity magazines, which are defied as being over 20 rounds for a semi-automatic, centerfire rifle or pistol, and 7 shells for a shotgun, are not in and of themselves banned, but using one in combination with a firearm changes its status to an "assault firearm" which is prohibited for foreign nationals without permanent resident to possess[22][23], as well as requiring a license to carry in certain counties and cities.[24]
Municipal and county high-capacity magazine bans[edit]
U.S. cities with high-capacity magazine restrictions or bans include:
Los Angeles, California
San Francisco, California
Sunnyvale, California
Denver, Colorado
Cook County, Illinois[25][26]
Aurora, Illinois
Chicago, Illinois
Oak Park, Illinois
Albany, New York
Buffalo, New York
New York, New York
Rochester, New York
Legal status[edit]
In 2013, a federal judge in New York struck down the state's prohibition against gun owners loading more than seven rounds into a magazine, calling the limit “an arbitrary restriction” that violated the Second Amendment, but upheld the state's ban on magazines that hold more that 10 rounds. [27] In 2015, the Second Circuit upheld this decision on appeal.[28]
In December 2013, the National Rifle Association (NRA), representing five residents of Sunnyvale, California, filed a lawsuit to stop enforcement of the city's ban on possession of magazines able to hold more than 10 rounds,[13] in a case known as Fyock v. Sunnyvale. In March 2014, Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy rejected a request to block enforcement of the law pending appeals.[29] In March 2015 the federal 9th Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the magazine capacity restriction, ruling that it does not violate the Second Amendment.[30]
Eugene Volokh, constitutional scholar, says that a Federal District Court judge was correct to decide that a local high-capacity magazine ban was constitutional, comparing limits on magazine capacity to limits on free speech.[31]
Public opinion[edit]
Further information: Public opinion on gun control in the United States
Most Americans support a ban on the sale and possession of high capacity magazines.[7][8][9][10][11][12] In 2012 62% of Americans favored banning the sale of high-capacity ammunition magazines, according to a Gallup poll with a margin of error of +/- 4%.[7] In 2017 65% of American adults supported banning high-capacity magazines, according to a Pew Research Center survey with an error attributable to sampling of +/- 2.8% at the 95% level of confidence.[8] In late February early March 2018, after the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, 63% of American adults supported a ban on the sale and possession of high-capacity or extended ammunition magazines, according to a CNN poll with a margin of error of +/- 3.7%.[9][10] 73% of American adults supported banning high-capacity ammunition magazines that hold more than 10 rounds, according to an NPR/Ipsos poll with a margin of error of +/- 3.5%.[11] 70% of registered voters supported banning high-capacity magazines, according to a Politico/Morning Consult poll with a margin of error +/- 2%.[12]
Canada[edit]
With the passage of Bill C-17 in 1993 under Prime Minister Kim Campbell (in response to the 1989 Ecole Polytechnique Massacre), magazines designed for use in semi-automatic centrefire rifles and semi-automatic shotguns became limited to five rounds, and magazines designed for use in handguns are limited to 10 rounds. Magazines designed for use in semi-automatic rimfire rifles, as well as manually operated long guns, are exempt from the magazine capacity restrictions.
In recent years, there has been a growing trend of ways to legally work around the magazine capacity restrictions. Numerous semi-automatic centrefire rifles also happen to accept handgun magazines, thereby legally increasing magazine capacity. Numerous rifle and handgun magazines designed for a particular caliber also happen to fit an over-the-limit number of smaller caliber rounds, also legally increasing magazine capacity. [32]
Hunting[edit]
Some jurisdictions apply magazine limits to hunters. For example, Maine and Oregon have a 5-cartridge limit on auto-loading firearms for hunting.[33]:18[34]
See also[edit]
Assault weapons legislation in the United States
Gun laws in the United States by state
Gun politics in the United States
Bullet button
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Office of the Attorney General (November 2001). "Assault Weapons Identification Guide 2000" (PDF). oag.ca.gov. California Department of Justice. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Polisar, Joseph M. (September 2004). "President's Message: Reauthorization of the Assault Weapons Ban". Police Chief Magazine. International Association of Chiefs of Police. Retrieved April 21, 2014. The ban on assault weapons and high-capacity magazines has been a crucial component of our national crime-fighting strategy.
Jump up ^ Kerlikowske, R. Gil (August 24, 2004). "Save the Assault Weapons Ban". Christian Science Monitor. Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Peterson, Phillip (2008). Gun Digest Buyer's Guide to Assault Weapons. Iola, Wisconsin: Gun Digest Books. ISBN 978-0896896802. In the context of this book, however, 'assault weapon' refers to a semi-automatic firearm that accepts high capacity magazines (10+ rounds) and is patterned after military issue select-fire weapons.
Jump up ^ New York, N.Y. Consolidated Laws, General Business Law, Article 26: Miscellaneous (PDF). p. 328. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
Jump up ^ New York State Rifle and Pistol Association v Cuomo , 38 (W.D.N.Y. December 31, 2013) (“Unlike the restrictions on assault weapons and large-capacity magazines, the seven-round limit cannot survive intermediate scrutiny.”). Text
^ Jump up to: a b c Saad, Lydia (December 27, 2012). "Americans Want Stricter Gun Laws, Still Oppose Bans". Gallup. Retrieved March 20, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Parker, Kim; Menasce Horowitz, Juliana; Igielnik, Ruth; Oliphant, Baxter; Brown, Anna (June 22, 2017). "America's Complex Relationship With Guns". Pew Research Center. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Agiesta, Jennifer (February 25, 2018). "CNN Poll: Seven in 10 favor tighter gun laws in wake of Parkland shooting". CNN. Retrieved March 19, 2018. There is widespread support for several specific changes to gun laws, including 87% who back laws to prevent convicted felons and those with mental health problems from owning guns; 71% who support preventing people under age 21 from buying any type of gun; 63% who support a ban on the sale and possession of high-capacity or extended ammunition magazines (up from 54% in October, a new high in CNN polling); and 57% who back a ban on the manufacture, sale and possession of rifles capable of semi-automatic fire, such as the AR-15, the same style as was used in both the Parkland and Las Vegas shootings (up from 49% in October).
^ Jump up to: a b c Hart, Benjamin (February 25, 2018). "Two New Polls Show Widespread Support for Stricter Gun Laws". New York. Retrieved March 19, 2018. Some specific measures that are broadly popular: 87 percent favor banning felons and those with mental health problems from getting guns; 71 percent favor banning anyone under 21 from buying a firearm; and 63 percent favor a ban on high-capacity magazines.
^ Jump up to: a b c Khalid, Asma (March 2, 2018). "NPR Poll: After Parkland, Number of Americans Who Want Gun Restrictions Grows". Morning Edition. NPR. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b c Shepard, Steven (February 28, 2018). "Gun control support surges in polls". Politico. Retrieved March 19, 2018. Seventy percent of voters support a ban on high-capacity magazines, and 68 percent want to ban assault-style weapons.
^ Jump up to: a b Richman, Josh (December 17, 2013). "NRA sues Sunnyvale over ammo magazine ban". San Jose Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved March 13, 2014. in fact, most pistols sold in the U.S. are made and sold with magazines holding between 10 and 17 rounds.
Jump up ^ Egelko, Bob (November 19, 2013). "NRA sues S.F. to kill law on gun magazines". SFGate. Magazines that carry more than 10 rounds are widely sold in the United States and can't be considered 'dangerous and unusual,' Tuesdays lawsuit asserted.
Jump up ^ Egelko, Bob (March 13, 2014). "Supreme Court won't block ban on guns' high-capacity magazines". San Francisco Chronicle. SFGate.com. Retrieved April 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Patrick Sweeney (2007). Gun Digest Book of Ruger Pistols and Revolvers. Gun Digest Books. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-89689-472-3.
Jump up ^ Harkinson, Josh (June 14, 2016). "Fully Loaded: Inside the Shadowy World of America's 10 Biggest Gunmakers". Mother Jones. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Magazine limits were first proposed by Connecticut gun maker". Connecticut Magazine. New Haven Register. April 1, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ William B. Ruger (1992). "An Open Letter". American Handgunner. 12 (5): 18.
Jump up ^ Roth, Jeffrey A.; Christopher S. Koper (March 1999). "Impacts of the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban" (PDF). National Institute of Justice Research in Brief (NCJ 173405).
Jump up ^ "Large Capacity Ammunition Magazines Policy Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. May 31, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ https://law.justia.com/codes/virginia/2006/toc1802000/18.2-308.2.html
Jump up ^ http://www.roanoke.com/news/crime/montgomery_county/former-virginia-tech-student-was-allowed-to-have-gun-but/article_47983e3e-6501-56aa-b328-b61f7e4989df.html
Jump up ^ https://law.justia.com/codes/virginia/2006/toc1802000/18.2-287.4.html
Jump up ^ "Municode Library". www.municode.com. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
Jump up ^ "Assault Weapons | Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence". Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
Jump up ^ https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/01/nyregion/federal-judge-upholds-majority-of-new-york-gun-law.html
Jump up ^ New York State Rifle and Pistol Ass'n, Inc. v. Cuomo, 804 F.3d 242 (2d Cir. 2015)
Jump up ^ Richman, Josh (March 12, 2014). "Sunnyvale gun law: Supreme Court justice refuses to stay ban on large-capacity magazines". San Jose Mercury News. San Jose, California. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Mintz, Howard (March 4, 2015). "Gun Rights Showdown: Sunnyvale Restrictions Upheld by Appeals Court", San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Root, Damon (March 7, 2014). "Court: Bans on High-Capacity Magazines Are 'Only the Most Minor Burden on the Second Amendment'". reason.com. Reason Foundation. Retrieved April 9, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Maximum Permitted Magazine Capacity". Special Bulletin for Businesses No. 72. Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 2014-12-08. Retrieved 28 January 2015.
Jump up ^ "Maine Hunting & Trapping: The Official 2013–14 State of Maine Hunting & Trapping Laws and Rules" (PDF). statedocs.maine.gov. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife. January 7, 2014. Retrieved March 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "ODFW Weapons Restrictions". www.dfw.state.or.us. Retrieved 2018-03-19.
Further reading[edit]
Dinzeo, Maria (February 21, 2014). "Mass Shootings Justify S.F. Limit on Bullets". Courthouse News Service. Retrieved May 25, 2014.
"California State Law Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. January 2, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
"Colorado State Law Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. January 2, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
"Connecticut State Law Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. January 2, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
"District of Columbia State Law Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. January 2, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
"Hawaii State Law Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. January 2, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
"Maryland State Law Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. January 2, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
"Massachusetts State Law Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. January 2, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
"New Jersey State Law Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. January 1, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
"New York State Law Summary". smartgunlaws.org. Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. January 1, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
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Governor of California
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Governor of the
State of California
Seal of the Governor
Standard of the Governor
Incumbent
Jerry Brown
since January 3, 2011
California Executive Branch
Style
The Honorable
(formal)
Residence
California Governor's Mansion
Seat
Sacramento, CA
Term length
Four year term renewable once
Inaugural holder
Peter Hardeman Burnett
Formation
December 20, 1849
Salary
US$173,987 (2013)[1]
Website
Official website
The Governor of California is the head of government of the State of California The governor is the chief executive of the Government of the State of California and the commander-in-chief of the California National Guard and the California State Military Reserve.
Established in the California State Constitution, the governor's responsibilities also include making annual State of the State address to the California State Legislature, submitting the budget, and ensuring that state laws are enforced. The position was created in 1849, the year before California became a state.
The current governor is Jerry Brown who was inaugurated January 3, 2011, and who had previously served as governor from 1975 to 1983. In October 2013, Jerry Brown surpassed Earl Warren for the longest cumulative period of time served as governor.
Contents
[hide]
1 Gubernatorial elections, oath, and term of office
1.1 Gubernatorial removal
1.1.1 Impeachment and removal by the legislature
1.1.2 Recall by the voters
2 Relationship with Lieutenant Governor of California
3 Gubernatorial facts
3.1 Age and longevity
3.2 Transition events
3.3 Presidential campaigns
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Gubernatorial elections, oath, and term of office[edit]
See also: List of Governors of California
Governors are elected by popular ballot and serve terms of four years, with a limit of two terms, if served after November 6, 1990.[2] Governors take the following oath:
I (Governor) do solemnly swear that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California against all enemies foreign and domestic, that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the State of California, that I take this obligation freely without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties upon which I am about to enter.
Governors take office on the first Monday after January 1 after their election.
Gubernatorial removal[edit]
There are two methods available to remove a governor before the expiration of the gubernatorial term of office.
Impeachment and removal by the legislature[edit]
The governor can be impeached for "misconduct in office" by the State Assembly and removed by a two-thirds vote of the State Senate.
Recall by the voters[edit]
Petitions signed by California state voters equal in number to 12% of the last vote for the office of governor (with signatures from each of 5 counties equal in number to 1% of the last vote for governor in the county) can launch a gubernatorial recall election. The voters can then vote on whether or not to recall the incumbent governor, and on the same ballot they can vote a potential replacement. If a majority of the voters in the election vote to recall the governor, then the person who gains a plurality of the votes in the replacement race will become governor.
The 2003 California recall began with a petition drive that successfully forced sitting Democratic Governor Gray Davis into a special recall election. It marked the first time in the history of California that a governor faced a recall election. He was subsequently voted out of office, becoming the second governor in the history of the United States to be recalled after Lynn Frazier of North Dakota in 1921. He was replaced by Republican Arnold Schwarzenegger.
Relationship with Lieutenant Governor of California[edit]
Governor-elect Arnold Schwarzenegger (left) and Governor Gray Davis (right) with President George W. Bush in 2003
The Lieutenant Governor of California is separately elected during the same election, not jointly as the running mate of the gubernatorial candidate. California has had a governor and a lieutenant governor of different parties 26 of the past 31 years. This occasionally becomes significant, since the California Constitution provides that all the powers of the governor fall to the lieutenant governor whenever the governor is not in the state of California, with the lieutenant governor often signing or vetoing legislation, or making political appointments, whenever the governor leaves the state. The lieutenant governor is also the President of the California State Senate. In practice, there is a gentlemen's agreement for the Lieutenant Governor not to perform more than perfunctory duties while the Governor is away from the state. This agreement was violated when Mike Curb was in office, as he signed several executive orders at odds with the Brown administration when Brown was out of the state. Court rulings have upheld the lieutenant governor's right to perform the duties and assume all of the prerogatives of governor while the governor is out of the state.[3]
Gubernatorial facts[edit]
Age and longevity[edit]
Peter Burnett had the longest post-governorship, 44 years. He left office in 1851 and died in 1895.
Excluding governors who died in office, Robert Waterman had the shortest post-governorship. He died on April 12, 1891, a short three months and four days after the expiration of his term.
Sworn in at the age of 30, J. Neely Johnson was the youngest governor from 1856 to 1858.
Sworn in at the age of 72, Jerry Brown became the oldest governor in 2011.
Earl Warren was the only governor to serve more than two consecutive terms in office (1943–1953).
Jerry Brown previously served as governor for eight years (1975–1983) and returned to office 28 years later to serve as the incumbent governor (since 2011).
Milton Latham served the shortest term in office of five days (January 9–14, 1860).
Of the 38 governors who held office, seven of them were born in California (six of them after statehood):
One (Romualdo Pacheco) was born in Santa Barbara.
Four (George Pardee, James Rolph, Pat Brown, and Jerry Brown) were born in San Francisco.
One (Hiram Johnson) was born in Sacramento.
One (Earl Warren) was born in Los Angeles.
Two governors were not born in the United States:
John G. Downey was born in Ireland.
Arnold Schwarzenegger was born in Austria.
Only two governors have died in office:
Washington Bartlett on September 12, 1887
James Rolph on June 2, 1934
Ronald Reagan had the longest life-span of any governor, 93 years.
J. Neely Johnson had the shortest life-span of any governor, 47 years.
Both governors who died in office, Washington Bartlett in 1887 and James Rolph in 1934, served as Mayor of San Francisco shortly before becoming governor.
Two governors are related:
Pat Brown (1959–1967) was the father of twice-governor Jerry Brown (1975–1983, 2011 to present).
Transition events[edit]
Milton Latham
6th Governor (1860)
Five governors have resigned:
Peter Burnett in 1851 "as a result of certain personal prejudices" in favor of slavery[4]
Milton Latham in 1860 to become a United States Senator
Newton Booth in 1875 to become a United States Senator
Hiram Johnson in 1917 to become a United States Senator
Earl Warren in 1953 to become Chief Justice of the United States
One governor has been recalled:
Gray Davis in 2003
Seven governors took office without being elected to the governor's seat, having been elected as lieutenant governor and then ascending from that position:
Four of them did not run to succeed themselves, and were never elected governor:
John McDougal in 1851
John G. Downey in 1860
Romualdo Pacheco in 1875
Robert Waterman in 1887
The other three later ran for governor, and were elected to succeed themselves as governor:
William Stephens in 1917
Frank Merriam in 1934
Goodwin Knight in 1953
One governor has served two terms, and was elected to a non-consecutive third term (followed by a fourth term):
Jerry Brown in 2010 (Brown and George Deukmejian are the most recent living former governors of California who were elected to two terms before the term limits were enacted on November 6, 1990)
Presidential campaigns[edit]
Ronald Reagan
33rd Governor (1967–1975)
40th President of the United States (1981–1989)
One former governor of California won his party's nomination and was elected President of the United States:
Ronald Reagan in 1980 and 1984 (Republican)
Five governors actively sought the nomination of their party, but were unsuccessful:
Hiram Johnson in 1920 and 1924 (Republican)
Pat Brown in 1960 (Democratic)
Jerry Brown in 1976, 1980 and 1992 (Democratic)
Ronald Reagan in 1968 and 1976 (Republican)
Pete Wilson in 1996 (Republican)
Two governors were nominated for Vice President, but their ticket lost the election:
Hiram Johnson (Ran with Theodore Roosevelt, Progressive, 1912)
Earl Warren (Ran with Thomas Dewey, Republican, 1948)
Two governors did not run for president, but were under serious consideration by their party's nominee during their governorship to be their running mate for the office of Vice President, but were not chosen:
George Deukmejian (George H.W. Bush, Republican, 1988) declined being considered because of his vast ideological differences with Lieutenant Governor Leo McCarthy, who would have become governor if Deukmejian accepted the nomination and was elected to the Vice Presidency.[5]
Gray Davis (Al Gore, Democratic, 2000)
One unsuccessful candidate for governor of California was elected President of the United States:
Former Vice President Richard Nixon was the Republican nominee for Governor of California in 1962, and lost to Democrat Pat Brown. Nixon later was elected president in 1968 and reelected in 1972 (Republican).
See also[edit]
Biography portal
California portal
Politics portal
United States portal
Book: Governors of California
List of Governors of California
List of Governors of California before admission
Politics of California
Politics of California before 1900
Spouses of the Governors of California
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries". The Council of State Governments. June 25, 2013. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
Jump up ^ Shelley, Kevin (October 2003). "Summary of Qualifications and Requirements for the Office of Governor" (PDF). California Secretary of State Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 28, 2008. Retrieved February 23, 2009.
Jump up ^ In re Governorship , 26 Cal.3d 110, 401 (Supreme Court of California 1979) (“we conclude that the Lieutenant Governor has authority to exercise all gubernatorial powers of appointment while the Governor is physically absent from the state and that the Governor has authority to withdraw the appointment until the confirmation of appointment becomes effective.”).
Jump up ^ Alastair Dallas (June 5, 2004). "Governors of California: 1849–2003". familydallas.com. Archived from the original on March 8, 2005. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Californian Removes Himself From Running for No. 2 Spot". The New York Times. August 5, 1988.
External links[edit]
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Governors of California
Colony (1769–1822)
Capt. Portolà
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Before 1850
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[show]
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Elections in California
General
1992
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2000
2002
2004
2005
2006
2008 (Feb, Jun, Nov)
2009
2010 (Jun, Nov)
2012 (Jun, Nov)
2014
2016 (Jun, Nov)
2018
Governor
1849
1851
1853
1855
1857
1859
1861
1863
1867
1871
1875
1879
1882
1886
1890
1894
1898
1902
1906
1910
1914
1918
1922
1926
1930
1934
1938
1942
1946
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2003*
2006
2010
2014
2018
Lieutenant Governor
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Mayoral
Los Angeles
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1909 (M)
1909 (N)
1911
1913
1915
1917
1919
1921
1925
1929
1933
1937
1941
1945
1949
1953
1957
1961
1965
1969
1973
1977
1981
1985
1989
1993
1997
2001
2005
2009
2013
2017
San Diego
1889
1891
1893
1895
1897
1899
1901
1903
1905
1907
1909
1911
1913
1915
1917
1919
1921
1923
1925
1927
1929
1931
1932
1935
1939
1943
1947
1951
1955
1959
1963
1967
1971
1975
1979
1983*
1984
1986*
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2005*
2008
2012
2014*
2016
San Francisco
1943
1947
1951
1955
1959
1963
1967
1971
1975
1979
1983
1987
1991
1995
1999
2003
2007
2011
2015
2018*
State Senate
At-Large
1864
1866
1868
1870
1872
1874
1876
1878
1880
1882
1884
1886
1888
1890
1892
1894
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Special
State Assembly
At-Large
1864
1866
1868
1870
1872
1874
1876
1878
1880
1882
1884
1886
1888
1890
1892
1894
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946
1948
1950
1952
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1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
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1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Special
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1852
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1860
1864
1868
1872
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1880
1884
1888
1892
1896
1900
1904
1908
1912
1916
1920
1924
1928
1932
1936
1940
1944
1948
1952
1956
1960
1964
1968
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1996
2000
2004
2008
2012
2016
U.S. Senate
Class 1: 1849
1850
1852*
1856
1860*
1862
1868
1873*
1874
1880
1886*
1886
1890*
1892
1900*
1904
1910
1916
1922
1928
1934
1940
1946*
1946
1952
1958
1964
1970
1976
1982
1988
1992*
1994
2000
2006
2012
2018
Class 3: 1849
1854
1857*
1860
1866
1872
1878
1884
1890
1896
1902
1908
1914
1920
1926
1932
1938
1944
1950
1954*
1956
1962
1968
1974
1980
1986
1992
1998
2004
2010
2016
2022
U.S. House
1849
1851
1854
1856
1859
1861
1863
1864
1867
1868
1871
1872
1875
1876
1879
1880
1882
1884
1886
1888
1890
1892
1894
1896
1898
1900
1902
1904
1906
1908
1910
1912
1914
1916
1918
1920
1922
1924
1926
1928
1930
1932
1934
1936
1938
1940
1942
1944
1946 (12th)
1948
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998 (9th* 23rd* 44th*)
2000
2002
2004
2005 (5th*, 48th*)
2006 (4th, 11th, 50th*)
2007 (37th*)
2008 (12th*)
2009 (10th*, 32nd*)
2010
2011 (36th*)
2012
2014
2016
2017 (34th*)
2018
Special
An asterisk signifies a special election
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