text:
Try
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This article is about the use of the word in rugby football terminology. For the method of scoring in American and Canadian football, see Conversion (gridiron football). For other uses, see Try (disambiguation).
Shaun Perry scoring a try for England against the All Blacks
A try is a way of scoring points in rugby union and rugby league football. A try is scored by grounding the ball (the ball must be touching the player when coming into contact with the ground) in the opposition's in-goal area (on or behind the goal line). Rugby union and league differ slightly in defining 'grounding the ball' and the 'in-goal' area.
The term try comes from try at goal, signifying that originally, grounding the ball only gave the opportunity to try to score with a kick at goal.[1]
A try is analogous to a touchdown in American and Canadian football, with the major difference being that a try requires the ball be simultaneously touching the ground in the in-goal area and an attacking player who is in the field of play or in-goal. In the laws of both codes of rugby, the term touch down formally refers only to grounding the ball by the defensive team in their in-goal.
Contents
[hide]
1 Scoring a try
1.1 Aspects common to both union and league
1.2 Variations specific to rugby union
1.3 Variations specific to rugby league
2 Point value
3 Penalty try
4 Conversion
5 Past to present
6 See also
7 References
Scoring a try[edit]
Aspects common to both union and league[edit]
There are differences in the fine detail of the laws and their interpretation between the two rugby codes. These are the common aspects, while the differences are treated below.
The player holding the ball to score a try and the ball itself must not be in touch or touch-in-goal (including on or over the dead ball line). The touchline, touch-in-goal lines and dead ball lines count as being 'out'. There has to be contact with the ground by a player or the ball for it to be ruled in touch or touch-in-goal. Parts of the body in the air above the lines and outside the field of play or in-goal are not touch, and it is common to see players who are partly in the air over the lines still grounding the ball successfully.
The in-goal area in which the ball must be grounded includes the goal line, but not the touch-in-goal and dead ball lines.
Grounding the ball in both codes means either holding it and touching it to the ground in-goal, or placing hand, arm or front of body between waist and neck (the front torso) on top of the ball which is on the ground in-goal.
A player does not need to be holding the ball to ground it. If the ball is on the ground or just above it, it can be touched to the ground with a hand, arm or front torso. Match officials interpret dropping the ball in-goal as a knock-on, and disallow a try. For a try to be awarded, they consider whether the player had the intention to ground the ball and was in control of the ball when he did. Grounding of the ball can be instantaneous, it does not matter if the player immediately lets go and the ball then bounces forward.
An attacking player who falls to the ground before reaching the goal line scores a try if momentum carries the player so that the ball touches the in-goal, including the goal line.
Variations specific to rugby union[edit]
A player may ground the ball in one of two ways: (1) if the ball is held in the hand(s) or arm(s), merely touching the ball to the ground in-goal suffices and no downward pressure is required; (2) if the ball is on the ground in-goal, downward pressure from the hand(s), arm(s) or upper body (waist to neck) is required. For a try to be awarded, an attacking player must ground the ball before a defender does so. If there is doubt about which team first grounded the ball, the attacking team are awarded a 5-metre scrum.
A player who is in touch or touch-in-goal, but who is not carrying the ball, may score a try by grounding the ball in-goal.
The goal-posts and padding at ground level are part of the goal line and therefore of the in-goal, so a try may be scored by grounding the ball at the foot of the posts.
A player may ground the ball in a scrum as soon as the ball reaches or crosses the goal line. (The laws governing the scrum do not apply to the in-goal area, so as soon as the ball crosses the line, players may unbind and ground the ball.)
If an attacking player is tackled short of the goal-line but immediately reaches out and places the ball on or over the goal-line, a try is scored. (This is a direct contrast to rugby league, which would award a penalty for "double movement", see below. There is occasionally confusion amongst spectators and players at community levels of the game and an incorrect protest of "double movement" is a common one at English rugby union matches. A "double movement" in rugby union involves movement of the torso, rather than arms only.)
If a television match official (TMO, or video referee) has been appointed, the referee may ask for advice before deciding whether to award a try, but under current protocols the TMO may only advise on whether the ball was properly grounded, on whether the ball or ball-carrier went into touch or touch-in-goal in the act of scoring; and on any foul play that may have occurred.
Variations specific to rugby league[edit]
Shaun Ainscough dives for the line to score a try in the 2009 Challenge Cup for Wigan during their victory over Barrow Raiders
The laws of rugby league still refer to the need for "downward pressure" to be exerted in grounding the ball with hand or arm.
The laws of rugby league specify that a try is scored if an attacker grounds the ball simultaneously with a defender.
An attacking player whose momentum does not allow the ball to reach the try-line or in-goal after their ball-carrying arm touches the ground may not reach out to score if a defender is in contact with them; this is disallowed by interpretation as a "double movement".
Players who are in touch-in-goal and not carrying the ball may not score a try by pressing a loose ball still in play to the ground.
A try may not be scored in a scrum which crosses the goal line, but when the ball comes out of scrum a player may pick it up and 'bore through' their own scrum to score a try.
Video referees in rugby league are given a wider scope to look at the validity of a try. If the onfield referee is unsure or needs clarification, they may refer to the video referee to award a possible try. This referral must also be sent with the onfield referees opinion on whether the play is a 'Try' (signaled by forming a 'T' with their forearms) or 'No Try' (signaled by folding their arms across the shoulders). The video referee must then find evidence to support the opinion, or conclusive evidence against the opinion. In the event the video referee cannot prove or deny the opinion, the original opinion is upheld.
Point value[edit]
In rugby union, a try is worth five points, in rugby league, four. Although a try is worth less in rugby league, it is more often the main method of scoring due to the smaller value of a goal kick and surety of possession. In rugby union, however, there is heavier reliance placed on goals to accumulate points at elite levels due to the significant value of goals and the defending team's skills.
In rugby union, the value of a try has varied over time, from none to five points. In rugby league, the original value was three; this was increased to four in 1983.
The Welsh Rugby Union is planning to trial a change in the scoring value[needs update] in the 2015–16 Welsh Premier Division (the level below Pro12). Under the trial plan, which must still be approved by World Rugby, a try would be worth six points instead of five, with penalty tries worth eight points with no conversion attempt taken. In addition, penalties and drop goals would be reduced from three points to two.[2]
Penalty try[edit]
In both rugby league and rugby union, if the referee believes that a try has been prevented by the defending team's misconduct, he may award the attacking team a penalty try. Penalty tries are always awarded under the posts regardless of where the offence took place. In rugby union, the standard applied by the referee is that a try "probably" would have been scored. The referee does not have to be certain a try would have been scored. In rugby league, the referee "may award a penalty try if, in his opinion, a try would have been scored but for the unfair play of the defending team".[3]
In rugby league, an 8-point try is awarded if the defending team commits an act of foul play as the ball is being grounded. The try is awarded, and is followed by a conversion attempt, in-line from where the try was scored, and then a penalty kick from in front of the posts. In rugby union, foul play after a try being scored results in a penalty being awarded on the half way mark, in lieu of a kick off.
Conversion[edit]
Scott Daruda kicking a conversion for the Western Force
In both codes, when a try is scored, the scoring team gets to attempt a conversion, which is a kick at goal to convert the try from one set of points into another larger set of points. The kick is taken at any point on the field of play in line with the point that the ball was grounded for the try, and parallel to the touch-lines. If successful, additional points are scored. For the conversion to be successful, the ball must pass over the crossbar and between the uprights. In both codes, the conversion may be attempted as either a place kick (from the ground) or a drop kick. Most players will nevertheless opt for a place kick, this being generally regarded as the easier skill. Note, however, that in both rugby sevens (usually, but not always, played under union rules) and rugby league nines, conversions may only take place as drop kicks. In rugby league, the game clock continues during preparation and execution of a conversion, with the institution of a 25-second shot clock at certain tournaments from the moment the try is awarded by the referee, within which time the conversion kick must be taken, hence a team may decline a conversion attempt if recommencing play as quickly as possible is advantageous to them.
To make the conversion easier, attacking players will try to ground the ball as close to the centre of the in-goal area as possible. The attacking player will, however, ground the ball when confronted by a defender rather than risk losing the ball by being tackled or passing it to a teammate.
In both rugby union and rugby league, a conversion is worth two points; a successful kick at goal thus converts a five-point try to seven for rugby union, and a four-point try to six for rugby league.
Past to present[edit]
Main article: History of rugby union § Scoring
The in-goal area is the rectangular area from the goal line (try line) to the dead ball line. The image shows the markings of a rugby league field.
In early forms of rugby football, the point of the game was to score goals. A try [at goal] was awarded for grounding the ball in the opponents in-goal area. The try had zero value itself, but allowed the attacking team to try a kick at goal without interference from the other team. This kick, if successful, converts a try into a goal.
Modern rugby and all derived forms now favour the try over a goal and thus the try has a definite value, that has increased over time and has for many years surpassed the number of points awarded for a goal. In rugby league and rugby union, a conversion attempt is still given, but is simply seen as adding extra 'bonus' points. These points, however, can mean the difference between winning or losing a match, so thought is given to fielding players with good goal-kicking skill.
Since 1979, in rugby union, the "try" and "conversion goal" have been officially considered as separate scores. Before then, the converted try was officially a single score called a goal from a try which replaced the score of the (unconverted) "try".[4] The change allowed the player who touched down for the try and the player who kicked the conversion to be credited separately for their portions of the score.
See also[edit]
Try celebration
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Rugby Heaven Archived 2008-07-27 at the Wayback Machine. Extra point more than a bonus
Jump up ^ "Welsh Premiership set to trial six-point try this season". ESPN (UK). PA Sport. 3 September 2015. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
Jump up ^ The International Laws Of The Game, The Rugby Football League (2002), p.13
Jump up ^ "Rugby Football History". Retrieved 30 November 2016.
"Laws of the Game: Rugby Union 2007." International Rugby Board, Dublin, 2007. Online version retrieved 22 October 2007.
The ARL Laws of the Game, 2007. The Australian Rugby Football League. Online version retrieved 22 October 2007.
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Cinderella Castle
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the structure at the Magic Kingdom and Tokyo Disneyland, built in the Gothic Revival architecture style. For the structure at Disneyland and formerly at Hong Kong Disneyland, see Sleeping Beauty Castle. For the structure at Disneyland Park at Disneyland Paris, see Le Château de la Belle au Bois Dormant. For the structure at Shanghai Disneyland, see Enchanted Storybook Castle.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Cinderella Castle
Cinderella Castle at Magic Kingdom
Magic Kingdom
Area
Fantasyland
Coordinates
28°25′10″N 81°34′52″W / 28.4195°N 81.5812°W / 28.4195; -81.5812
Status
Operating
Opening date
October 1, 1971
Tokyo Disneyland
Area
Fantasyland
Coordinates
48°52′24″N 2°46′34″E / 48.8732°N 2.776°E / 48.8732; 2.776
Status
Operating
Opening date
April 15, 1983
General statistics
Manufacturer
Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer Products
Designer
Walt Disney Imagineering
Theme
Cinderella and Gothic Revival
Height
189 ft (58 m)
Cinderella Castle is the fairy tale castle at the center of two Disney theme parks: the Magic Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort, and Tokyo Disneyland at the Tokyo Disney Resort. Both serve as worldwide recognized icons and the flagship attraction for their respective theme parks. Along with Sleeping Beauty Castle, the Castle is an iconic symbol of The Walt Disney Company.
Contents
1 Exterior
1.1 Inspiration and design
1.2 Construction
1.2.1 Magic Kingdom
1.2.2 Tokyo Disneyland
1.3 Special decorations
1.4 At night
1.5 The Magic, the Memories and You
2 Interior
2.1 Mosaics
2.2 Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique
2.3 Cinderella Castle Suite
2.4 Cinderella's Royal Table
2.5 Cinderella's Fairy Tale Hall (Tokyo Disneyland)
2.6 Flight regulations (Walt Disney World)
3 Logo Usage
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Exterior[edit]
Inspiration and design[edit]
Castle Neuschwanstein of Bavaria, 19th century
Cinderella Castle was inspired by a variety of real and fictional palaces. These included Fontainebleau, Versailles and the châteaux of Chenonceau, Pierrefonds, Chambord, Chaumont and the Alcázar of Segovia but primarily and most obviously the Castle Neuschwanstein, Bavaria. Other sources of inspiration include the Moszna Castle in Poland, built in the 18th century, and the Tyn Church in Prague, Czech Republic, built in the 14th century. The chief designer of the castle, Herbert Ryman, also referenced the original design for the castle in the film Cinderella and his own well-known creation — the Sleeping Beauty Castle at Disneyland in California.[1]
Construction[edit]
Magic Kingdom[edit]
Sleeping Beauty Castle at Disneyland
Cinderella Castle was completed in July 1971, after about 18 months of construction. The castle is 183 feet (56 m) tall, as measured from water-level. Most sources quote the height as six feet taller when measuring from the concrete bottom of the moat, which itself is 6 feet (1.8 m) deep at the bridge. Cinderella Castle is more than 100 feet (30 m) taller than Sleeping Beauty Castle at Disneyland in Anaheim, California. A set-building trick known as forced perspective makes the castle appear larger than it is. At higher elevations, its proportions to full scale are reduced for elements such as stones, windows, and doors. This castle was the largest Disney theme park castle until the completion of the Enchanted Storybook Castle in Shanghai Disneyland Park.
Cinderella Castle is designed to reflect the late-Gothic, flamboyant style of the 1400s. Unlike Disneyland's castle, no gold is used on the exterior; all gold colors are anodized aluminum. Despite its appearance, no bricks were used in its construction; the inner structure consists of six hundred tons of steel-braced frame construction, with a 10-inch-thick (250 mm) reinforced concrete wall encircling the structure to the full height of the outermost stone-like walls. All of the steel and concrete works are supported on a concrete drilled caisson foundation. Much less fiberglass is used than is popularly believed. Rather, most of the exterior is a thick, very hard fiber-reinforced gypsum plaster that is supported by light-gauge metal studs. Most fiberglass work is reserved for the exterior walls of more ornate upper towers. The roofs are not fiberglass, either. They are shingled in the same type of plastic that computer monitor shells are made from, attached to a cone of light gauge steel sheeting over the steel sub-frame. These towers were lifted by crane, then welded and bolted permanently to the main structure. Contrary to a popular legend, the castle cannot be taken apart or moved in any way in the event of a hurricane. It would take months to disassemble, it would be too dangerous to operate the 300-foot (91 m) crane required in windy conditions, and there would have to be a more structurally sound building to keep it in. As with every other building at Walt Disney World, it was simply efficient enough in design to handle a hurricane. It can easily withstand the 125 mph (175 km/h) wind speeds in Central Florida.
Cinderella Castle is also surrounded by a moat, which contains approximately 3.37 million US gallons (12,800 m3) of water; however, unlike the drawbridge at Sleeping Beauty Castle in Disneyland, Cinderella Castle cannot raise its bridge. There are a total of 27 towers on the castle, each numbered 1-29—tower numbers 13 and 17 were cancelled before construction when it was discovered that they could not really be seen from anywhere in the park, due mainly to the other Fantasyland buildings. The tower with the clock in front is number 10, the tallest is number 20. Number 23 is the other golden-roofed tower.
Originally, a suite was planned for the Disney family and executives,[2] but since Walt Disney died nearly five years before the park opened, it remained unfinished, and eventually was turned successively into a telephone call center, a dressing room, and is currently a lavish Dream Suite hotel room for specially selected guests. There are three elevators inside the castle. One is for guest use and goes between the lobby of Cinderella's Royal Table and the second floor restaurant. The second is for restaurant staff use, and is located in tower 2 to the left of the drawbridge. It has landings in the Utilidors, the mezzanine level in a break room, and on the second floor in the kitchen. The third elevator is in tower 20, and services the Utilidors, the breezeway, the kitchen of Cinderella's Royal Table, and the Cinderella Castle Suite. The suite is about 30 feet (9.1 m) below the level where the cable that Tinker Bell "flies" on for the fireworks show is attached to tower 20. Access to the cable is by ladder. From January 2007 to December 2009 the suite was used as a prize for the Disney Dreams Giveaway at the Walt Disney World Resort during the Year of a Million Dreams celebration.
Cinderella Castle was designed so that it was tall enough to be seen from the Seven Seas Lagoon in front of the Magic Kingdom, where many guests took ferries from the parking lot to the gates of the park. In theme park jargon, Cinderella Castle was conceived as the primary "weenie" (a term commonly used by Walt and his Imagineers) that draws new entering guests through Main Street, U.S.A. towards the central hub, from where all other areas can be reached.
The Castle was repainted in the Fall of 2006, and now is a slightly off white, brown, and pinkish color, and the turrets are a much darker blue.
Tokyo Disneyland[edit]
The old color scheme at Tokyo Disneyland
Generally considered to be a copy of Magic Kingdom's castle, the Tokyo version is 168 feet (51 m) tall.[3] From 1986–2006, a popular walk-through attraction called the "Cinderella Castle Mystery Tour" was featured within the castle. In June 2006, the castle was repainted to differentiate it from Cinderella Castle at Magic Kingdom. The castle now has gold trimmings, the rooftops have been painted a different shade of blue, and the white stone of the turrets now has a tan/dirty-pink color.
In 2018, Tokyo Disneyland's Cinderella Castle received a water fountains installed for new nighttime spectacular Celebrate! Tokyo Disneyland which premiered on July 10, as part of this 35th Anniversary celebration. A similar water fountains supposedly to be installed in the Magic Kingdom's castle before Walt Disney World's 50th Anniversary in 2021.
Special decorations[edit]
Cinderella Castle at the Magic Kingdom has been temporarily re-decorated on a few occasions.
To commemorate the 25th anniversary of Walt Disney World Resort on October 1, 1996, Imagineers transformed the front of Cinderella Castle into an 18-story "birthday cake." Complete with red and pink "icing," giant candy canes and 26 glowing candles, the castle served as the centerpiece for the 15-month-long celebration. Designed by Walt Disney Entertainment Florida and later constructed by the Imagineers, this was no small undertaking. It took more than 400 US gallons (1,500 L) of pink paint to cover the castle, which was decorated with multicolored "sprinkles," 26 candles, ranging in height from 20–40 feet (6.1-12.2 m) tall, 16 two-foot (61 cm) long candy stars, 16 five-foot (1.5 m) candy bears, 12 five-foot (1.5 m) gumdrops, four six-foot (1.8 m) stacks of Life Savers, 30 three-foot (91 cm) lollipops, and 50 two-foot (61 cm) gumballs. Additionally, more than 1000 feet (305 m) of pink and blue inflatable "icing" was needed to finish it off. On January 31, 1998, the castle was transformed back to its original state.
On November 16, 2004, the castle was modified to appear as though it was strewn with toilet paper, and Stitch is King was posted on a turret as faux graffiti to mark the grand opening of Stitch's Great Escape! that day. The material was removed after the park closed that evening.
The castle's most recent redecoration commemorated the Happiest Celebration on Earth in honor of Disneyland's 50th anniversary and was formally unveiled on May 5, 2005. The castle's exterior was adorned with polished gold trim and accents, swags, banners and tapestries. Golden statues of Disney animated characters were also added to the exterior, including Peter Pan, Tinker Bell, and Wendy circling the tallest spire. Other statues included Kaa and King Louie from The Jungle Book, Simba, Timon, and Pumbaa from The Lion King, Sebastian and Flounder from The Little Mermaid, the Cheshire Cat and White Rabbit from Alice in Wonderland, and Victor, Hugo and Laverne from the Hunchback of Notre Dame. Just above the front archway sat an enormous "stained-glass" mirror modeled after the magic mirror in Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. The mirror changed images every 40 seconds to feature each Disney castle and the date its park opened: Disneyland, 1955; the Magic Kingdom, 1971; Tokyo Disneyland, 1983; Disneyland Resort Paris, 1992; and Hong Kong Disneyland, 2005. The decorations were removed in late September 2006.
For Walt Disney World's 25th anniversary celebration, c.1996
For the Happiest Celebration on Earth
Cinderella Castle during Grad Nite
At night[edit]
Fireworks surround Cinderella Castle, dressed for Winter (December 2013)
When the sun sets, the castle is illuminated by SGM Palco LED lighting fixtures placed on different castle levels and surrounding areas, providing an effective range of 16.7 million colors. The castle itself plays a role in the Magic Kingdom's former fireworks show, Wishes: A Magical Gathering of Disney Dreams, in which it changes color in synchronization with the dramatic music of the display. The same color changing and effects occurs for the other fireworks shows: HalloWishes (in Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party); Magic, Music and Mayhem (during Disney's Pirate and Princess Party); and the Christmas fireworks show Holiday Wishes during Mickey's Very Merry Christmas Party.[citation needed] The castle's projection mapping technology has been used in several night events, such as their current fireworks spectacular Happily Ever After and the Hocus Pocus Villain Spelltacular.
Castle with Christmas lights on it for the Christmas season (November 2014)
Once Upon a Time projection show performance at Magic Kingdom
At the park's closing, the nightly 'Kiss Goodnight' is performed, in which Roy O. Disney's dedication speech for the Magic Kingdom is played all over the park alongside classic Disney music which changes with the vivid colors of the castle. Even when the park closes before 11pm (23:00), the show is performed a second time at 11pm (23:00), providing entertainment for guests of Disney resort hotels bordering the Seven Seas Lagoon.[citation needed] Beginning November 2007, for the first time, the "Castle Dream Lights", with over 200,000 LED Christmas lights[4] (as Disneyland Paris has since 2004), covered Cinderella Castle and was lit nightly during a new stage show in front of the castle. The castle looks similar to ice and is very popular among guests during the holiday season, the only time it is now used.[citation needed]
The Magic, the Memories and You[edit]
The Magic, the Memories and You
Magic Kingdom
Area
Cinderella Castle
Status
Closed
Opening date
January 18, 2011
Closing date
September 3, 2012
Replaced by
Celebrate The Magic
Disneyland
Area
It's A Small World
Status
Closed
Opening date
January 18, 2011
Closing date
September 3, 2012
General statistics
Attraction type
Multimedia and pyrotechnic show
Designer
Walt Disney Creative Entertainment
Theme
Iconic moments from Disney films
Disney Parks Memories
Music
Let the memories begin
Duration
9-10 minutes
Wheelchair accessible
Main article: Celebrate the Magic
See also: Once Upon a Time (Disney parks) and Celebrate! Tokyo Disneyland
On January 18, 2011, a nighttime projection mapping show premiered at Cinderella Castle at Walt Disney World. The show featured photographs and videos of park guests, taken by Disney's PhotoPass employees, combined with projections of Disney characters and attractions and pre-selected music.[5] The Magic, the Memories and You show was presented before and after the nightly Wishes fireworks show at Magic Kingdom, as well as presented before and after the nightly Disneyland's regular fireworks, and was part of Disney's "Let the Memories Begin" campaign for 2011.[6] A parallel show existed at Disneyland, at the Disneyland Resort, taking place instead on the broad facade of It's a Small World. On September 3, this show ended its run and was replaced by a similar nighttime multimedia show, Celebrate the Magic, in 2012 and again by Once Upon a Time in Fall 2016. The Magic, The Memories and You is also inspired the similar theme song on Celebrate! Tokyo Disneyland as part of the Tokyo Disney Resort 35th Anniversary celebration that premiered at Tokyo Disneyland in July 10th 2018 which also created as nod and tribute for the former nighttime projection show.
Interior[edit]
Mosaics[edit]
Inside the castle's archway, a series of five mosaic murals tells the story of Cinderella. Designed by Imagineer Dorothea Redmond and crafted and set in place by a team of six artists led by mosaicist Hanns-Joachim Scharff, the 15-by-10-foot (4.6 by 3.0 m) ornate panels are shaped in a Gothic arch. The murals took 22 months to complete and contain just over 300,000 pieces of Italian glass and rough smalti (glass made specifically for mosaics traditionally used by Italian craftsmen) in more than 500 colors. Many of the hand-cut tiles are fused with sterling silver and 14-karat (58 percent) gold, and some are as small as the head of a tack. Looking closely at these ornate murals, one will notice that each of Cinderella's wicked stepsisters appears with a little added color - one sister's face is clearly "red with anger", while the other is a little "green with envy" as they watch Cinderella try on the glass slipper.
Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique[edit]
As of September 10, 2007, the castle is home to the "Bibbidi Bobbidi Boutique", first introduced at Downtown Disney. Inside, guests can receive a one-of-a-kind "princess transformation", which features a Disney Princess make-up, one of three hairstyles, a manicure, a sash, and/or a gown, tiara, wand and shoes.
The King's Gallery, the former gift shop in this space, has moved to the Main Street Cinema on Main Street, U.S.A.
Cinderella Castle Suite[edit]
Inside the upper levels of Cinderella Castle, there is a suite that was intended to be an apartment for Walt Disney and his family when they were in Florida. After Walt died in 1966, the apartment was left unfinished. This space is not large, and can be compared to the size of a master bedroom and bathroom in an average house. The location of the suite can be identified from the outside by locating the stained glass windows with pictures in the center on the north and west sides of the castle, about 2/3 of the way up. The glass used contains many small, multi-faceted pieces, which slightly obscures the view of the park from inside the suite. The suite adjoins a sizable exterior balcony on the east side. The walls around this balcony are about 5 feet (1.5 m) high. This balcony affords views to the north, east, and south. The balcony is only accessible through an emergency exit and is not a guest area.
On June 7, 2005, Disney announced that the suite would be completely decorated and upholstered as a 'royal bedchamber', which can sleep up to six people. It was available as a prize during the Year of a Million Dreams (2007) celebration taking place at all eleven Disney theme parks, and an overnight stay in the apartment was a prize randomly awarded to a guest at the four Walt Disney World theme parks and Downtown Disney.
Cinderella's Royal Table[edit]
Cinderella's Royal Table, formerly known as King Stefan's Banquet Hall, is a restaurant inside the castle. Located on the second floor, guests can take the circular stairway or the elevator to the restaurant, where children are referred to as princes and princesses, while the adults in the party are referred to as lords and ladies. Walt Disney Imagineers had originally wanted to give the restaurant a regal name, and since there are no well-known characters from "Cinderella" that met their criteria, they instead took a little dramatic license and chose the name of Sleeping Beauty's father, King Stefan. The name was changed on April 28, 1997, in order not to confuse tourists. The restaurant is decorated not only with a number of stained glass windows and medieval objects, but with more than forty coats of arms. Each of these is an actual family seal, and represent some of the many people that played a major role in the design and construction of Walt Disney World, including Roger Broggie, Sr. (Imagineer and railroad aficionado who aided in the design of many attractions), Marc Davis (animator and theme park designer), Roy O. Disney (Walt's brother), John Hench (who designed the castle), Diane Disney Miller (Walt's daughter), Dick Nunis (former Chairman of Walt Disney Attractions), and Marty Sklar (Imagineering vice chairman and principal creative executive who worked alongside Walt Disney).
Cinderella's Royal Table is also the location of "Fairytale Dining at Cinderella's Royal Table." At breakfast, lunch and dinner Cinderella greets all guests in the castle foyer, and during the meal classic Disney princesses circulate among the tables.[7]
Cinderella's Fairy Tale Hall (Tokyo Disneyland)[edit]
Cinderella’s Fairy Tale Hall is located in the castle where various artworks are exhibited that show scenes from her story. In the lobby and corridor, guests will find eight murals showing how Cinderella changed from beloved daughter, to servant girl, and then to Princess. They will also see a diorama of Cinderella magically transformed wearing a beautiful ball gown, and other artworks made from various materials such as paper, wood and glass. In the Grand Hall guests will find a magnificent chandelier, the renowned glass slipper, a throne, and special paintings that reveal a magical message when photographed using a flash.
Flight regulations (Walt Disney World)[edit]
Cinderella Castle uses forced perspective to appear taller than its actual height of 189 ft (58 m).
By keeping the height of the castle's spire under 200 feet (61 m) tall, the castle at Walt Disney World was able to avoid Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations that would require flashing aircraft warning lights at the top.[8] The two taller attractions at Walt Disney World, The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror and Expedition Everest, top out at 199 and 199.5 feet, respectively, to avoid this requirement as well.
As a result of the September 11, 2001 attacks, amid concerns that general aviation could pose a threat to public safety, the FAA placed a permanent Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) over the entire Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida. The flight restriction extends outward from an island near the Contemporary Resort (28°24′45″N 81°34′20″W / 28.41250°N 81.57222°W / 28.41250; -81.57222) at a radius of 3 nautical miles (5.6 km; 3.5 mi) up to 3,000 feet (910 m) above the ground level surface. Cinderella Castle is used as a visual reference. It has been a common growing legend that Disney chose to prohibit aviation above the park in order to make visitors feel even further separate from the outside world, but the true reason was, in fact, in response to the September 11th attacks. Law enforcement and Walt Disney World Cessna 172 aircraft, however, are exempt from this TFR.[9]
Logo Usage[edit]
As Cinderella Castle is a Disney icon, it and Disneyland's Sleeping Beauty Castle have become the basis for the logo of Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Television, Disney Music Group and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It was also heavily featured in advertisements for the Wonderful World of Disney, formerly shown on the Disney Channel.
See also[edit]
Sleeping Beauty Castle
Le Château de la Belle au Bois Dormant
List of Magic Kingdom attractions
List of Tokyo Disneyland attractions
References[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cinderella Castle at Magic Kingdom.
Jump up ^ "Cinderella Castle | Walt Disney World Resort". Disneyworld.disney.go.com. Retrieved August 20, 2012.
Jump up ^ O'Keefe, Matt. "The Unique Histories of 6 Disney Icons". Themeparktourist.com. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Belloni, Matthew (June 22, 2016). "Bob Iger Interview – 'Star Wars' Reshoots, Political Plans & More". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved June 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Holiday 2014". Mickey Monitor: 6. 2014. |access-date= requires |url= (help)
Jump up ^ "Disney World Announces New "Magic, Memories & You" Show". Retrieved April 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ "'The Magic, The Memories and You!' castle projection show starts Wednesday at Magic Kingdom". Archived from the original on June 26, 2011. Retrieved April 26, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Cinderella's Royal Table".
Jump up ^ "Aeronautical Information Manual, Section 2: Air Navigation and Obstruction Lighting". Federal Aviation Administration. January 8, 2015. Archived from the original on February 16, 2015. Retrieved February 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "4/3634 NOTAM Details". Federal Aviation Administration.
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Todd Beamer
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Todd Beamer
Beamer in 2000
Born
Todd Morgan Beamer
(1968-11-24)November 24, 1968
Flint, Michigan, U.S.
Died
September 11, 2001(2001-09-11) (aged 32)
Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Cause of death
Plane crash (September 11 attacks)
Spouse(s)
Lisa Brosious (m. 1994-2001)
Todd Morgan Beamer (November 24, 1968 – September 11, 2001) was an American passenger aboard United Airlines Flight 93, which was hijacked as part of the September 11 attacks in 2001. He was one of the passengers who tried to reclaim the aircraft from the hijackers, leading them to crash it into a field in Stonycreek Township near Shanksville, Pennsylvania.
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
1.1 Flight 93
2 Legacy
3 References
4 External links
Biography[edit]
Todd Beamer was born on November 24, 1968, in Flint, Michigan, to David Beamer, an IBM sales representative, and Peggy Jackson Beamer, a muralist,[1] the middle child of three and only son.[2] Beamer and his two sisters, Melissa and Michele, were raised "with a strong biblical value system and work ethic". The family relocated to Poughkeepsie, New York, and then to Wheaton, Illinois, a suburb west of Chicago, where David worked at Amdahl, a computer technology company.[1]
Beamer attended Wheaton Christian Grammar School, where he played baseball, basketball, and soccer.[1] He attended Wheaton Academy, a Christian high school, from 1983 to 1985,[3] where he excelled in the same sports.[4] He was elected class vice president in his junior year. After David was promoted to vice president of Amdahl's California headquarters, the family moved, and Beamer spent his senior year at Los Gatos High School, just south of San Jose, California.[1]
Beamer attended Fresno State University, where he majored in physical therapy and played baseball, in the hopes of playing professionally, but injuries he suffered in an automobile accident ended these plans. He returned home to Illinois and transferred to Wheaton College, a Christian university. At Wheaton College he majored initially in medicine before switching to business. He continued to play baseball and as a senior became captain of the basketball team.[1] He graduated in 1991.[5]
While at Wheaton College he met Lisa Brosious, his future wife, during a senior seminar class.[1][4] Their first date was November 2, 1991, the 10-year anniversary of which they had been planning to celebrate at the time of his death.[4]
Beamer subsequently worked for Wilson Sporting Goods while taking night classes at DePaul University, earning an M.B.A. in June 1993.[1][4]
Beamer married Brosious on May 14, 1994, in Peekskill, New York, and they moved to Plainsboro, New Jersey, where Beamer began working with Oracle Corporation, selling systems applications and database software as a field marketing representative.[1][4] Within months, Beamer was promoted to account manager.[1]
Beamer and Lisa taught Sunday school at Princeton Alliance Church for six years, and worked in youth ministry.[1][4] Beamer also played on the church softball team. He was a staunch fan of the Chicago Cubs, Chicago Bulls and Chicago Bears.[4] In 2000, the Beamers moved to Cranbury, New Jersey,[1][4][6] with their two sons.[6]
Flight 93[edit]
An American flag now flies over Gate 17 of Terminal A at Newark Liberty International Airport, departure gate of United 93.
Beamer's work forced him to travel up to four times a month, sometimes for as long as a week. In 2001, he earned a five-day trip to Italy with his wife for being a top sales performer. They returned home on Monday, September 10, at 5 pm (EST). While Beamer could have left that night for a Tuesday business meeting in California, he opted instead to spend time with his family. His wife was due the following January with their third child. He left home at 6:15 am the next morning, to take an early flight from Newark to San Francisco to meet with representatives of the Sony Corporation at 1:00pm, planning to return on a red-eye flight that night.[1][4]
United Flight 93 was scheduled to depart at 8:00am, but the Boeing 757 did not depart until 42 minutes later due to runway traffic delays. Six minutes later, American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the World Trade Center's North Tower. 15 minutes later, at 9:03 am, as United Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower, United 93 was climbing to cruising altitude, heading west over New Jersey and into Pennsylvania. At 9:25 am, Flight 93 was above eastern Ohio, and its pilot radioed Cleveland controllers to inquire about an alert that had been flashed on his cockpit computer screen to "beware of cockpit intrusion." Three minutes later, Cleveland controllers could hear screams over the cockpit's open microphone. Moments later, the hijackers, led by the Lebanese Ziad Samir Jarrah, took over the plane's controls, disengaged the autopilot, and told passengers, "Keep remaining sitting. We have a bomb on board." Beamer and the other passengers were herded into the back of the plane. The curtain between first class and economy class had been drawn, at which point Beamer saw the pilot and co-pilot lying dead on the floor just outside the curtain, their throats having been cut, as a flight attendant informed him. Within six minutes, the plane changed course and was heading for Washington, D.C.. Several of the passengers made phone calls to loved ones, who informed them about the two planes that had crashed into the World Trade Center in New York City and the third into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia. Beamer tried to place a credit card call through a phone located on the back of a plane seat, but was routed to a customer-service representative, who passed him on to GTE airphone supervisor Lisa Jefferson. With FBI agents listening in on their call, Beamer informed Jefferson that hijackers had taken over United 93, that one passenger had been killed, and mentioned the dead pilots. He also stated that two of the hijackers had knives, and that one appeared to have a bomb strapped around his waist. When the hijackers veered the plane sharply south, Beamer briefly panicked, exclaiming, "We're going down! We're going down!"[1][7][8]
Flight 93 crash site
Following this, the passengers and flight crew decided to act.[1] According to accounts of cell phone conversations, Beamer, along with Mark Bingham, Tom Burnett and Jeremy Glick, formed a plan to take the plane back from the hijackers.[9] They were joined by other passengers, including Lou Nacke, Rich Guadagno, Alan Beaven, Honor Elizabeth Wainio, Linda Gronlund, and William Cashman, along with flight attendants Sandra Bradshaw and Cee Cee Ross-Lyles, in discussing their options and voting on a course of action, ultimately deciding to storm the cockpit and take over the plane.[1] Beamer told Jefferson that the group was planning to "jump on" the hijackers and fly the plane into the ground before the hijackers' plan could be followed through.[6][7] Beamer recited the Lord's Prayer and the 23rd Psalm with Jefferson, prompting others to join in. Beamer requested of Jefferson, "If I don't make it, please call my family and let them know how much I love them." After this, Jefferson heard muffled voices and Beamer clearly answering, "Are you ready? Okay. Let's roll." These were Beamer's last words to Jefferson.[1][7][8]
According to the 9/11 Commission Report, after the plane's voice data recorder was recovered, it revealed pounding and crashing sounds against the cockpit door and shouts and screams in English. "Let's get them!" a passenger cries. A hijacker shouts, "Allahu akbar". Jarrah repeatedly pitched the plane to knock passengers off their feet, but the passengers continued their assault and at 10:02:17, a male passenger said, "Turn it up!" A second later, a hijacker said, "Pull it down! Pull it down!" At 10:02:33, Jarrah was heard to plead, "Hey! Hey! Give it to me. Give it to me. Give it to me. Give it to me. Give it to me. Give it to me. Give it to me. Give it to me." The plane crashed into an empty field in Shanksville, Pennsylvania at 580 miles per hour, killing everyone on board. The plane was twenty minutes of flying time away from its suspected target, the White House or the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington, D.C. According to Vice President Dick Cheney, President George W. Bush had given the order to shoot the plane down had it continued its path to Washington.[1]
Legacy[edit]
Beamer's name is located on Panel S-68 of the National September 11 Memorial's South Pool, along with those of other passengers of Flight 93.
Beamer was survived by his wife, Lisa, and their sons, David and Andrew (known as "Drew"), who were three and one at the time of Beamer's death.[6] In an address to a joint session of Congress and the American people on September 20, 2001, which Lisa Beamer attended, President Bush praised the courage of United 93's passengers, naming Beamer in particular, whom he called "an exceptional man." In a November 8 address from the World Congress Center in Atlanta, Georgia, Bush would invoke Beamer's last-heard words, saying, "Some of our greatest moments have been acts of courage for which no one could have been prepared. But we have our marching orders. My fellow Americans, let's roll!"[1] He would use them again in the 2002 State of the Union address: "For too long our culture has said, 'If it feels good, do it.' Now America is embracing a new ethic and a new creed: 'Let's roll.'"[10]
Beamer's posthumous daughter, Morgan Kay,[11] was born January 9, 2002, four months after Beamer's death. The President and First Lady Laura Bush were among those who sent letters to Morgan upon her birth.[12][13]
A nonprofit foundation was founded in October 2001 to counsel traumatized children of 9/11 victims and survivors.[1][14] Beamer's best friend, Doug Macmillan, quit his job to become the administrator of the Foundation.[8]
In 2002, Beamer's widow, Lisa, wrote a book with coauthor Ken Abraham, Let's Roll! Ordinary People, Extraordinary Courage.
In 2002, the passengers of Flight 93, including Beamer, were posthumously awarded the Arthur Ashe Courage Award.[15][16]
The Cranbury, New Jersey post office was dedicated to Beamer on May 4, 2002, as a result of an Act of Congress authored by Congressman Rush D. Holt, Jr.. The bill was signed into law by President George W. Bush.[14][17]
In 2003, Wheaton College honored Beamer, an alumnus, by opening the Todd M. Beamer Center, which encompasses Anderson Commons, Coray Alumni Gym and the Student Center located on the lower level.[5][14] That same year, Todd Beamer High School opened in Federal Way, Washington.[14][18]
In February 2010, the city of Fresno, California dedicated Todd Beamer Park.[19]
Beamer's name appears on the third panel at the Flight 93 National Memorial, seen here with the visitor center in the background.
The Flight 93 National Memorial located at the crash site in Stonycreek Township was completed and opened on September 10, 2015.[20] The site includes a concrete and glass visitor center,[21] and a white marble Wall of Names—completed in 2011[20]—on which Beamer's name and those of his 32 fellow passengers and seven crewmembers are engraved on individual panels.[22]
At the National 9/11 Memorial, Beamer and the other passengers and crew of Flight 93 are memorialized at the South Pool, on Panel S-68.[23] An Oracle business card bearing Beamer's name and his two-tone Oyster Perpetual Datejust Rolex wristwatch, both of which were found damaged at the crash site, are on display inside the memorial museum.[24] The Flight 93 National Memorial was completed and opened to family members of the victims on September 10, 2015.
On September 10, 2013, Wheaton Academy honored Beamer by unveiling a plaque dedicated to him on the grounds of the Academy, next to a plaque of a former student who was killed in Afghanistan.[3]
Alpha Company of the 1-148 Infantry RGT, Ohio Army National Guard, adopted the motto "Let's Roll" to honor Beamer. The company deployed to northern Afghanistan in 2012 for 9 months.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Evensen, Bruce J. (2000). "Beamer, Todd Morgan". American National Biography. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ Beamer, Lisa; Ken Abraham (2003). Let's Roll: Ordinary People, Extraordinary Courage. Tyndale House Publishers. ISBN 0-8423-7418-3.
^ Jump up to: a b Schulte, Sarah (September 13, 2011). "9/11 hero Todd Beamer honored by Wheaton Academy". ABC News.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Passenger: Todd Beamer". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. October 28, 2001.
^ Jump up to: a b "Beamer Center". Wheaton College. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Taylor, LaTonya, (October 1, 2001). "'Beamer's Faith, Competitive Streak Set Scene for Flight 93 Heroism'". Christianity Today.
^ Jump up to: a b c McKinnon, Jim (September 16, 2001). "The phone line from Flight 93 was still open when a GTE operator heard Todd Beamer say: 'Are you guys ready? Okay. Let's roll...'". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
^ Jump up to: a b c Vulliamy, Ed (December 1, 2001). "'Let's roll...'". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ "Unexpected legacy left by hero of Flight 93". Yahoo! News. September 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Bush, George W. "Selected Speeches of President George W. Bush 2001 – 2008" (PDF). The White House of George W. Bush. National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hijack Hero's Baby Born: Todd Beamer's Daughter Will Carry His Middle Name". CBS News. January 10, 2002. Retrieved January 2, 2013. "Lisa Beamer, the widow of one of the hero passengers who vowed to fight back before their hijacked plane crashed in Pennsylvania on Sept. 11, has given birth to a healthy baby girl."
Jump up ^ "Post-Sept. 11 Baby Morgan Kay Beamer". ABC News. February 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Rogers, Patrick (January 28, 2002). "Living Legacy". People.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Atkins, Stephen E. (June 2, 2011). The 9/11 Encyclopedia: Second Edition. ABC-CLIO. p. 66. Archived at Google Books. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Flight 93 passengers selected for Ashe Award". Associated Press/ESPY Awards. 2002. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Arthur Ashe Award: Flight 93 Passengers". ESPN. 2002. Retrieved November 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Cranbury: Post Office Dedication to Todd Beamer". Cranbury, New Jersey. Retrieved May 14, 2014. On Saturday, May 4th, a dedication ceremony was held at the Cranbury post office. The United States Postal Service dedicated Cranbury's post office to Todd Beamer, a Cranbury resident who gave his life aboard United flight 93 on September 11th.
Jump up ^ "Let's roll: A 9/11 hero's name lives on". Federal Way Mirror. September 10, 2008.
Jump up ^ "CITY OF FRESNO WILL PAY TRIBUTE TO 9/11 HERO AT PARK GRAND OPENING CEREMONY FRIDAY". City of Fresno. February 24, 2010. Retrieved August 27, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Flight 93 National Memorial - Sources and Detailed Information". nps.gov. National Park Service. n.d. Retrieved January 31, 2017. 13. When will the Memorial be finished?
Jump up ^ "A Long Road to a Place of Peace for Flight 93 Families". The New York Times. September 9, 2015. Retrieved September 9, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Flight 93 National Memorial - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)" (PDF). nps.gov. National Park Service. May 2013. pp. 22–23. Retrieved January 31, 2017.
Jump up ^ Todd M. Beamer. Memorial Guide. National 9/11 Memorial. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ A Moment in Time Captured in Pieces The New York Times, August 13, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2015
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Todd Beamer.
Photos of the Cranbury Post Office dedication
Todd Beamer at Find a Grave
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