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Michael Landon
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Not to be confused with Michael Langdon.
For his son, see Michael Landon Jr.
Michael Landon
Publicity still of Landon, c. 1960s
Born
Eugene Maurice Orowitz
(1936-10-31)October 31, 1936
Queens, New York, U.S.
Died
July 1, 1991(1991-07-01) (aged 54)
Malibu, California, U.S.
Cause of death
Pancreatic cancer
Resting place
Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery
Alma mater
University of Southern California
Occupation
Actor, director, producer, writer
Years active
1956–1991
Height
5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
Spouse(s)
Dodie Levy-Fraser
(m. 1956–1962)
Marjorie Lynn Noe
(m. 1963–1982)
Cindy (Clerico) Landon
(m. 1983; his death 1991)
Children
9, including Mark, Leslie, Michael Jr., Christopher, and Jennifer
Michael Landon (born Eugene Maurice Orowitz; October 31, 1936 – July 1, 1991) was an American actor, writer, director, and producer. He is known for his roles as Little Joe Cartwright in Bonanza (1959–73), Charles Ingalls in Little House on the Prairie (1974–83), and Jonathan Smith in Highway to Heaven (1984–89). Landon appeared on the cover of TV Guide 22 times, second only to Lucille Ball.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
2.1 Early work
2.2 45 rpm record singles
2.3 Bonanza
2.4 Little House on the Prairie
2.5 Highway to Heaven
2.6 Other projects
3 Personal life
4 Illness and death
5 Legacy
6 Awards and honors
7 References
8 External links
Early life[edit]
Landon was born Eugene Maurice Orowitz on October 31, 1936, in Forest Hills, a neighborhood of Queens, New York.[2][3] His parents were Peggy (née O'Neill; a dancer and comedian) and Eli Maurice Orowitz. Eugene was the Orowitz family's second child; their daughter, Evelyn, was born three years earlier. In 1941, when Landon was four years old, he and his family moved to the Philadelphia suburb of Collingswood, New Jersey. He attended and celebrated his Bar Mitzvah at Temple Beth Shalom. His family recalls that Landon "went through a lot of hassle studying for the big event, which included bicycling to a nearby town every day to learn how to read Hebrew and do the praying."[4] He attended Collingswood High School.[2]
During his childhood, Landon was constantly worrying about his mother attempting suicide. Once, the family vacationed at a beach. His mother tried to drown herself, but Michael rescued her. Shortly after the attempt, his mother acted as if nothing had happened. A few minutes later, Michael vomited. He said that it was the worst experience of his life.[5]
Stress overload from the suicide attempts of his mother caused Landon to battle the childhood problem of bedwetting, which was documented in the unauthorized biography, Michael Landon: His Triumph and Tragedy. His mother put his wet sheets on display outside his window for all to see. He ran home every day and tried to remove them before his classmates could see. These events later inspired Landon to write and direct the 1976 made-for-television movie The Loneliest Runner.[6]
In high school, Landon was an excellent javelin thrower, his 193′ 4″ toss in 1954 being the longest throw by a high schooler in the United States that year.[7] This earned him an athletic scholarship to the University of Southern California, but he subsequently tore his shoulder ligaments, ending his javelin throwing career and his participation on the USC track team.
Career[edit]
Early work[edit]
Landon decided on his surname by choosing it from a phone book.[2] His first starring appearance was on the television series Telephone Time, in the episode "The Mystery of Casper Hauser" (1956) as the title character. Other parts came: movie roles in I Was a Teenage Werewolf (1957), Maracaibo (1958), High School Confidential (1958), the notorious God's Little Acre (1958), and The Legend of Tom Dooley (1959), as well as many roles on television, such as Crossroads (three episodes), The Restless Gun (pilot episode aired on Schlitz Playhouse of Stars), Sheriff of Cochise (in "Human Bomb"), U.S. Marshal (as Don Sayers in "The Champ"), Crusader, Frontier Doctor, The Rifleman (in "End of a Young Gun", 1958),The Adventures of Jim Bowie, Johnny Staccato, Wire Service, General Electric Theater, The Court of Last Resort, State Trooper (two episodes), Tales of Wells Fargo, The Texan (in the 1958 episode "The Hemp Tree"), The Tall Man, Tombstone Territory (in the episode "Rose of the Rio Bravo", with Kathleen Nolan), Trackdown (two 1958 episodes), and Wanted: Dead or Alive, starring Steve McQueen (in episodes "The Martin Poster", 1958, and "The Legend", 1959). Landon also appeared in the Zane Grey Theater episode "Living is a Lonely Thing" with Michael Rennie" in 1959.
Landon can be seen in an uncredited speaking role as a cavalry trooper in a 1956 episode of the ABC/Warner Bros. television series Cheyenne, an episode titled "Decision." Two years later, Landon returned to that same series in "The White Warrior". He was then cast as White Hawk a.k.a. Alan Horn, a young white man who, like Cheyenne Bodie, was raised by Indians after the slaughter of his parents. White Hawk rises to the occasion to help Cheyenne as he heads a wagon train to California amid the threat of the Apaches.
45 rpm record singles[edit]
In 1957, Candlelight Records released a Michael Landon single, "Gimme a Little Kiss (Will "Ya" Huh)"/ "Be Patient With Me" during the height of his notoriety for his role in the film, I Was a Teenage Werewolf. Some copies show the artist credited as the "Teenage Werewolf" rather than as Michael Landon.[citation needed] In 1962, both the A- and B-side of the record were re-released on the Fono-Graf label that included a picture sleeve of Landon's then-current work on Bonanza as Little Joe Cartwright. In 1964, RCA Victor Records released another Landon single, "Linda Is Lonesome"/"Without You". All of Landon's singles have since been issued on compact disc by Bear Family Records as part of a Bonanza various artists compilation.[8]
Bonanza[edit]
in Bonanza (1960)
In 1959, at the age of 22, Landon began his first starring TV role as Little Joe Cartwright on Bonanza, one of the first TV series to be broadcast in color. Also starring on the show were Lorne Greene, Pernell Roberts, and Dan Blocker. During Bonanza's sixth season (1964–1965), the show topped the Nielsen ratings and remained number one for three years.
Receiving more fan mail than any other cast member,[9] Landon negotiated with executive producer David Dortort and NBC to write and direct some episodes. In 1962, Landon wrote his first script. In 1968, Landon directed his first episode. In 1993, TV Guide listed Little Joe's September 1972 two-hour wedding episode ("Forever"), as one of TV's most memorable specials. Landon's script recalled Little Joe's brother, Hoss, who was initially the story's groom, before Dan Blocker's death. During the final season, the ratings declined, and NBC canceled Bonanza in November 1972. The last episode aired on January 16, 1973.
Along with Lorne Greene and Victor Sen Yung, Landon appeared in all 14 seasons of the series. Landon was loyal to many of his Bonanza associates including producer Kent McCray, director William F. Claxton, and composer David Rose, who remained with him throughout Bonanza as well as Little House on the Prairie and Highway to Heaven.
Little House on the Prairie[edit]
Landon as Charles Ingalls, 1974
The year after Bonanza was canceled, Landon went on to star as Charles Ingalls in the pilot of what became another very successful television series, Little House on the Prairie, again for NBC. The show was taken from a 1935 book written by Laura Ingalls Wilder, whose character in the show was played by nine-year-old actress Melissa Gilbert. In addition to Gilbert, two other unknown actresses also starred on the show: Melissa Sue Anderson, who appeared as Mary Ingalls, the oldest daughter in the Ingalls family, and Karen Grassle as Charles' wife, Caroline. Landon served as executive producer, writer, and director of Little House. The show, a success in its first season, emphasized family values and relationships. Little House became Landon's second-longest running series.[citation needed]
The show was nominated for several Emmy and Golden Globe awards. After eight seasons, Little House was retooled by NBC in 1982 as Little House: A New Beginning, which focused on the Wilder family and the Walnut Grove community. Though Landon remained the show's executive producer, director and writer, A New Beginning did not feature Charles and Caroline Ingalls. A New Beginning was actually the final chapter of Little House, as the series ended in 1983. The following year, three made-for-television movies aired.[citation needed]
Melissa Gilbert said of her on- and off-screen chemistry with Landon, "He was very much like a 'second father' to me. My own father passed away when I was 11, so, without really officially announcing it, Michael really stepped in." When not working on the Little House set, Gilbert spent most of the weekends visiting Landon's real-life family. She once said, "The house was huge. We ran like banshees through that house, and Mike would hide behind doorways and jump out and scare us."[citation needed]
Highway to Heaven[edit]
After producing both "Little House" and later the Father Murphy TV series, Landon starred in another successful program. In Highway to Heaven, he played a probationary angel (who named himself Jonathan Smith) whose job was to help people in order to earn his wings. His co-star on the show was Victor French (who had previously co-starred on Landon's Little House on the Prairie) as ex-cop Mark Gordon. On Highway, Landon served as executive producer, writer, and director. Highway to Heaven was the only show throughout his long career in television that he owned outright.
By 1985, prior to hiring his son, Michael Landon, Jr., as a member of his camera crew, he also brought real-life cancer patients and disabled people to the set. His decision to work with disabled people led him to hire a couple of adults with disabilities to write episodes for Highway to Heaven. By season four, Highway dropped out of the Nielsen top 30, and in June 1988, NBC announced that the series would return for an abbreviated fifth season, which would be its last. Its final episodes were filmed in the fall of 1988. One aired in September, two in December, one in March 1989, and the remainder aired on Fridays from June to August. Co-star French would not live to see Highway's series finale make it to air; he died of advanced lung cancer on June 15, 1989, the disease which was only diagnosed two months before. Landon invited his youngest daughter, Jennifer Landon, to take part in the final episode.
Other projects[edit]
Landon at the 42nd Emmy Awards Governor's Ball, September 1990
In 1973, Landon was an episode director and writer for the short-lived NBC romantic anthology series Love Story. In 1982, he co-produced an NBC "true story" television movie, Love is Forever,[10] starring himself and Laura Gemser (who was credited as Moira Chen), about Australian photojournalist John Everingham's successful attempt to scuba dive under the Mekong to rescue his lover from communist-ruled Laos in 1977. The real Everingham was cast as an extra in the film.
Sam's Son was a 1984 coming-of-age feature film written and directed by Landon and loosely based on his early life. The film stars Timothy Patrick Murphy, Eli Wallach, Anne Jackson, Hallie Todd, and James Karen. Karen previously worked for Landon in the made-for-television film Little House: The Last Farewell.
After the cancellation of Highway to Heaven and before his move to CBS, Landon wrote and directed the teleplay Where Pigeons Go to Die. Based on a novel of the same name, the film starred Art Carney and was nominated for two Emmy awards.
Up through the run of Highway to Heaven, all of Landon's television programs were broadcast on NBC, a relationship of which lasted thirty consecutive years with the network. After the cancellation of Highway and due to a fallout with those within NBC's upper management,[11] he moved to CBS and in 1991 starred in a two-hour pilot called Us. Us was meant to be another series for Landon but, with his diagnosis on April 5 of pancreatic cancer, the show never aired beyond the pilot.
Landon also appeared as a celebrity panelist on the premiere week of Match Game on CBS.
Personal life[edit]
Landon was married three times, and father to nine children.
Dodie Levy-Fraser (married 1956; divorced 1962)
Mark Fraser Landon, born 1948 (adopted; Dodie's biological son), died 2009[12]
Josh Fraser Landon, born 1960 (adopted as infant)
Marjorie Lynn Noe (married 1963; divorced 1982)
Cheryl Lynn Landon (born Cheryl Ann Pontrelli in 1953), Lynn's daughter from her first marriage and was nine when her mother and Landon married.
Leslie Ann Landon, born 1962.
Michael Landon, Jr., born 1964.
Shawna Leigh Landon, born 1971.
Christopher Beau Landon, born 1975.
Cindy Clerico (married 1983), a makeup artist on Little House on the Prairie
Jennifer Rachel Landon, born 1983.
Sean Matthew Landon, born 1986.
In February 1959, Landon's father succumbed to a heart attack. In 1973, while a student at the University of Arizona, his eldest daughter Cheryl was involved in a serious car collision just outside Tucson, Arizona. The sole survivor out of four involved in the collision, Cheryl Landon was hospitalized with serious injuries and remained in a coma for days. In March 1981, Landon's mother, Peggy, died.
Landon was by his own admission a chain smoker and a heavy drinker.[13]
Illness and death[edit]
Crypt of Michael Landon at Hillside Memorial Park
In February 1991, Landon began to suffer severe abdominal pain while on a skiing vacation in Utah.[14] On April 5, 1991, he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, which had metastasized to his liver and lymph nodes. The cancer was inoperable and terminal. On May 9, 1991, he appeared on The Tonight Show to speak about the cancer and to condemn the tabloid press for their sensational headlines and inaccurate stories, including the claim that he and his wife were trying to have another child. During his appearance, Landon pledged to fight the disease and asked fans to pray for him. On May 21, 1991, he underwent successful surgery for a near-fatal blood clot in his left leg.[15] In June 1991, he appeared on the cover of Life Magazine after granting the periodical an exclusive private interview about his life, his family, and his struggle to live. On July 1, 1991, at age 54, Landon died in Malibu, California.[2][3]
Landon was interred in a private family mausoleum at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery, in Culver City, California. Michael's headstone reads, "He seized life with joy. He gave to life generously. He leaves a legacy of love and laughter." His son Mark's remains were also interred there upon his death in May 2009.[16]
Legacy[edit]
Landon's star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
A community building at Malibu's Bluffs Park was named "The Michael Landon Center" following the actor's death.
Landon's son, Michael Jr., produced a memorial special, Michael Landon: Memories with Laughter and Love, featuring the actor's family, friends and co-stars: Bonanza co-star David Canary said that one word that described Landon was "fearless" in his dealings with network brass. Melissa Gilbert, who played his daughter on Little House said that the actor made her feel "incredibly safe" and that he was "paternal". Often cited on the special was Landon's bizarre sense of humor, which included having toads leap from his mouth and dressing as a superhero to visit a pizza parlor.
In 1991, during Landon's final Tonight Show appearance, Johnny Carson related how the actor took him back to a restaurant the two had dined at previously. Carson had been led to believe he accidentally ran over the owner's cat in the parking lot during their first visit. When sitting down to eat the second time, Carson discovered that Landon had helped create a fake menu of dinner items featuring cat metaphors.
A made-for-TV movie, Michael Landon, the Father I Knew, co-written and directed by his son Michael, Jr., aired on CBS in May 1999. John Schneider starred in the title role as Michael Landon, with Cheryl Ladd as Lynn Noe, and Joel Berti as Michael Landon, Jr. The biopic detailed, from Landon, Jr's point of view, the personal emotional trauma he endured during his parents' divorce, and his father's premature death. The movie spanned a timeline from the 1960s through the early 1990s.
A plaque and small playground referred to as the "Little Treehouse on the Prairie" was erected in Knights Park, a central park in Landon's hometown of Collingswood. In 2011, the plaque was removed from the park by the borough and was later given to a local newspaper by an unnamed person. According to the Collingswood, NJ website, the plaque was removed during a fall cleanup with plans to return it to a safer location. The plaque was reinstated next to a bench in a safer location the following summer.[17][18]
Awards and honors[edit]
Year
Award / Organization
Category / Honor
Work
Result
Ref.
1969 Bambi Award TV Series International Bonanza
(shared with Lorne Greene, Dan Blocker, Pernell Roberts) Won
1970 Bronze Wrangler Award Fictional Television Drama Bonanza episode: "The Wish"
(shared with director, producer and cast) Won
1979 Golden Globe Award Best TV Actor – Drama Little House on the Prairie Nominated
1980 Spur Award Best TV Script Little House on the Prairie episode:
"May We Make Them Proud" Won [19]
1984 Hollywood Walk of Fame Television Star at 1500 N. Vine Street Inducted
1984 Golden Boot Award Significant Contribution to the Western Genre Honored
1991 Youth in Film Award Michael Landon Award Outstanding Contribution to Youth Through Entertainment Honored [20]
1995 Television Hall of Fame Significant Contribution to the Field of Television Honored [21]
1998 National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum Western Performers Hall of Fame Inducted
2004 TV Land Award Most Memorable Mane Little House on the Prairie Nominated
2005 TV Guide 50 Sexiest Stars of All Time Ranked #33 [22]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ TV Guide, "Michael Landon's Final Days" (July 20, 1991, p. 3)
^ Jump up to: a b c d Weil, Martin (July 2, 1991). "TV Actor Michael Landon Dies; Star of 'Bonanza,' 'Little House'". Washington Post. p. B04.
^ Jump up to: a b Flint, Peter B. (July 2, 1991). "Michael Landon, 54, Little Joe On 'Bonanza' for 14 Years, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-02-11.
Jump up ^ Landon Wilson, Cheryl (1992). I Promised My Dad: An Intimate Portrait of Michael Landon by His Eldest Daughter. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 28.
Jump up ^ His Early Days Were Fun, Philadelphia Daily News, July 2, 1991. "In a 1985 interview, Landon claimed he ate lunch alone at Collingswood High School, that he never had a date as a teen-ager because no Christian father in the town would allow his daughter to go out with a Jew."
Jump up ^ secragt (December 20, 1976). "The Loneliest Runner (TV Movie 1976)". IMDb. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ Track and Field News (December 1953)
Jump up ^ "Bonanza single CD on Bear Family Records". Bear-family.de. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
Jump up ^ "Bonanza" liner notes, Bear Family CD Collection
Jump up ^ Love Is Forever on IMDb
Jump up ^ Fallen Angel: Landon's Tiff With NBC : Television: The veteran actor, producer and director has taken his new series to CBS after a run-in with NBC's business affairs department., November 15, 1990, By DIANE HAITHMAN, latimes
Jump up ^ "Report on death of Mark Landon". Latimesblogs.latimes.com. May 11, 2009. Retrieved 2012-10-07.
Jump up ^ "Goodbye, Little Joe". People.com. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Michael Landon, American Actor, Bonanza – When Westerns Ruled". Trivia.ellenthorp.com. Retrieved November 3, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Bonanza Cast Biographies: Michael Landon". Ponderosascenery.homestead.com. Retrieved 2012-08-02.
Jump up ^ Allan R. Ellenberger (May 1, 2001). Celebrities in Los Angeles Cemeteries: A Directory. McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 108. ISBN 0786409835. Retrieved April 2, 2016.
Jump up ^ Kevin Riordan (January 4, 2012). "Kevin Riordan: Landon plaque sidelined; accounts vary". Philly.com. Retrieved 2012-08-02.
Jump up ^ "Michael Landon plaque and commemorative playground pickets reinstalled at Knight Park | Collingswood, New Jersey". Collingswood.com. Retrieved 2013-02-03.
Jump up ^ [1] Spur Award History: 1980 at the Wayback Machine (archived March 22, 2007)
Jump up ^ "13th Annual Youth in Film Awards". YoungArtistAwards.org. Archived from the original on March 4, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Television Hall of Fame Honorees: Complete List".
Jump up ^ TV Guide Book of Lists. Running Press. 2007. p. 202. ISBN 0-7624-3007-9.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Michael Landon.
Biography portal
New York portal
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Judaism portal
Michael Landon on IMDb
Michael Landon at Find a Grave
Michael Landon Remembrance Project site archived at the Wayback Machine

[show]
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Television Hall of Fame Class of 1995
Michael Landon
Richard Levinson and William Link
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Bill Moyers
Dick Van Dyke
Betty White
[show]
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International Emmy Founders Award
Jim Henson (1980)
Shaun Sutton / Roone Arledge (1981)
Michael Landon (1982)
Herbert Brodkin (1983)
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_Landon&oldid=825846836"
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Fiddler on the Roof (film)
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Fiddler on the Roof
Theatrical release poster by Ted CoConis
Directed by
Norman Jewison
Produced by
Norman Jewison
Walter Mirisch (Uncredited)
Screenplay by
Joseph Stein
Based on
Tevye and His Daughters
by Sholem Aleichem
Starring
Topol
Norma Crane
Leonard Frey
Molly Picon
Paul Mann
Music by
Jerry Bock (Music)
Sheldon Harnick (Lyrics)
John Williams (Adaptation)
Cinematography
Oswald Morris
Edited by
Antony Gibbs
Robert Lawrence
Production
company
The Mirisch Production Company
Distributed by
United Artists
Release date
November 3, 1971 (1971-11-03)
Running time
179 minutes[1]
Country
United States
Language
English
Hebrew
Russian
Budget
$9 million
Box office
$83.3 million[2]
Fiddler on the Roof is a 1971 American musical comedy-drama film produced and directed by Norman Jewison. It is an adaptation of the 1964 Broadway musical of the same name, with music composed by Jerry Bock, lyrics by Sheldon Harnick, and screenplay by Joseph Stein. Starring Topol, Norma Crane, Leonard Frey, Molly Picon, and Paul Mann, the film centers on Tevye, the father of five daughters, and his attempts to maintain his Jewish religious and cultural traditions as outside influences encroach upon the family's lives. He must cope both with the strong-willed actions of his three older daughters, who wish to marry for love – each one's choice of a husband moves further away from the customs of his faith – and with the edict of the Tsar that evicts the Jews from the town of Anatevka. Throughout the film, Tevye breaks the fourth wall by talking directly to the audience as well as to God. In addition to the difficulties of being poor, Tevye speaks of the Jewish community's constant fear of harassment from their non-Jewish neighbors.
The film was released to critical acclaim and won three Academy Awards, including Best Music, Scoring Adaptation and Original Song Score for arranger-conductor John Williams. It was nominated for several more, including Best Picture, Best Actor for Topol as Tevye, and Best Supporting Actor for Frey, who played Motel Kamzoil the Tailor. Both Topol and Frey had previously performed in stage productions of the musical; Topol as Tevye in the London production and Frey in a minor part as Mendel, the rabbi's son, on Broadway. [3]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
1.1 Act 1
1.2 Intermission
1.3 Act 2
2 Cast
3 Musical numbers
4 Production
5 Differences from the Broadway musical
6 Release
6.1 Roadshow presentation
6.2 Reception
7 Awards and honors
8 See also
9 References
10 Sources
11 External links
Plot[edit]
The film's plot largely follows that of the musical from which it is adapted.
Act 1[edit]
In 1905, Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman living in the Ukrainian village of Anatevka, a typical shtetl in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia, compares the lives of the Jews of Anatevka to a fiddler on the roof (who appears throughout the film in this metaphorical role), using tradition to "scratch out a pleasant, simple tune" without breaking their necks. In town, Tevye meets Perchik, a radical Marxist from Kiev. Tevye invites Perchik to stay with his family, and offers him food in exchange for Perchik tutoring his daughters.
Tevye arranges for his oldest daughter, Tzeitel, to marry Lazar Wolf, a wealthy butcher. Tzeitel is in love with her childhood sweetheart, Motel Kamzoil, and begs her father not to make her marry Lazar Wolf. Although he is initially angry, Tevye realizes that Tzeitel loves Motel and yields to his daughter's demands. In order to convince his wife Golde that Tzeitel should not be married to Lazar Wolf, Tevye claims to have had a nightmare. He says that Golde's deceased grandmother told him Tzeitel is supposed to marry Motel, and that Lazar Wolf's late wife, Fruma-Sarah, threatened to kill Tzeitel if the two are married. Golde concludes that the dream was a message from their ancestors, and Tzeitel and Motel arrange to be married.
Meanwhile, Tevye's second daughter, Hodel, and Perchik begin to fall in love. They argue over the story of Leah and the place of old religious traditions in a changing world. The two dance together, which is considered forbidden by Orthodox Jewish tradition. Perchik tells Hodel that they just changed an old tradition.
At Tzeitel and Motel's wedding, an argument breaks out after Lazar Wolf presents the newlyweds with gifts. When Tevye tries to speak to Lazar about the Torah, Lazar refuses to listen, arguing that the wedding should have been his all along. Minutes later, another argument breaks out over whether a girl should be able to choose her own husband. Perchik addresses the crowd and says that, since they love each other, it should be left for the couple to decide. He creates further controversy by asking Hodel to dance with him. The crowd gradually warms to the idea and Tevye and Golde, then Motel and Tzeitel, join in dancing. The wedding proceeds with great joy. Suddenly, the military presence in the town and the constable arrive and begin a pogrom. The constable stops the attack on the wedding celebration after Perchik is wounded in the scuffle with the Tsar's men; however, he allows the men to continue destroying property in the village. Tevye and the immediate family stand still, until Tevye angrily orders them to clean up instead of standing around. Tevye silently asks why God allowed this to happen to them.
Intermission[edit]
In its original theatrical release, the film was shown with an intermission and entr'acte music. [4]
Act 2[edit]
Months later, Perchik prepares to leave Anatevka for the revolution. He proposes to Hodel, and she accepts. When they tell Tevye, he is furious that they have decided to marry without his permission, but he again relents because they love each other. Tevye tells Golde his reasons for consenting to their daughter's marriage, which leads them to re-evaluate their own arranged marriage. Tevye and Golde ultimately realize that, despite having been paired by a matchmaker, they do love each other.
Weeks later, Perchik is arrested in Kiev and is exiled to Siberia. Hodel decides to join him there. She promises Tevye that she and Perchik will be married under a canopy. Meanwhile, Tzeitel and Motel become parents, and Motel finally buys the sewing machine for which he has long scrimped and saved.
Tevye's third daughter Chava falls in love with a Russian Orthodox Christian named Fyedka. Tevye tells Chava to be distant friends with Fyedka, because of the difference in their religions. When Chava eventually works up the courage to ask Tevye's permission to marry Fyedka, Tevye tells her that marrying outside the family's faith is against tradition. He forbids her from having any contact with Fyedka or from even mentioning his name. The next morning, Fyedka and Chava elope and are married in a Russian Orthodox church. Golde learns of the marriage when she meets up with the priest. When a grief-stricken Golde tells Tevye about the marriage, he tells her that Chava is dead to the family and that they shall forget her altogether. Chava asks Tevye to accept her marriage. In a soliloquy, Tevye concludes that he cannot accept Chava marrying a non-Jew. He accuses her of abandoning the Jewish faith and disowns her.
One winter day, the Jews of Anatevka are notified that they have three days to leave the village or be forced out by the government. Tevye, his family and friends begin packing up to leave, heading for various parts of Europe, Palestine, and the United States. Lazar Wolf plans to emigrate to Chicago, to live with his former brother in law, whom he detests, but has no other living options. Lazar and Tevye share one last embrace before departing. Yente, the Matchmaker, plans to emigrate to Jerusalem, Palestine, and says goodbye to Golde with an embrace before departing. Tevye receives letters from Hodel mentioning that she is working hard while Perchik stays in the Siberian prison. It is hoped that when Perchik is released, they will join the others in the United States. Chava and her husband Fyedka come to Tevye's house and tell the family that they are leaving, being unable to stay in a place that would force innocent people out. They head to Kraków, Poland. Tevye shows signs of forgiving Chava by murmuring under his breath "And God be with you," silently urging Tzeitel to repeat his words to Chava. Golde calls out to Chava and Fyedka, telling them where they will be living in New York.
The Constable silently watches as the mass evacuation of Anatevka takes place. The community forms their circle at a crossroad one last time before scattering in different directions. Tevye spots the fiddler and motions to him to come along, symbolizing that even though he must leave his town, his traditions will always be with him.
Cast[edit]
Chaim Topol as Tevye
Norma Crane as Golde, his wife
Rosalind Harris as Tzeitel, the oldest daughter
Michele Marsh as Hodel, the second daughter
Neva Small as Chava, the third daughter
Molly Picon as Yente, the matchmaker
Paul Mann as Lazar Wolf, the butcher, Tzeitel's older suitor
Leonard Frey as Motel Kamzoil, the tailor, Tzeitel's eventual husband
Michael Glaser as Perchik, the revolutionary, Hodel's eventual husband
Raymond Lovelock as Fyedka, a Christian, Chava's eventual husband
Elaine Edwards as Shprintze, the fourth daughter
Candy Bonstein as Bielke, the fifth daughter
Shimen Rushkin as Mordcha
Zvee Scooler as Rabbi
Louis Zorich as Constable
Alfie Scopp as Avram
Howard Goorney as Nachum
Barry Dennen as Mendel
Ruth Madoc as Fruma-Sarah, the butcher's late wife
Patience Collier as Grandmother Tzeitel
Tutte Lemkow as Fiddler
Marika Rivera as Rifka
Aharon Ipale as Sheftel
Roger Lloyd Pack as Sexton
Vernon Dobtcheff as Russian official
Kenneth Waller (uncredited)[5]
Norman Jewison: (uncredited) as the Rabbi in the "Tevye's Dream" sequence (singing "Mazel Tov")
Musical numbers[edit]
"Prologue / Tradition" – Tevye and Company
"Matchmaker, Matchmaker" – Tzeitel, Hodel, Chava, Shprintze, and Bielke
"If I Were a Rich Man" – Tevye
"Sabbath Prayer" – Tevye, Golde, and Chorus
"To Life" – Tevye, Lazar Wolf, and Male Company
"Tevye's Monologue (Tzeitel and Motel)" – Tevye
"Miracle of Miracles" – Motel
"Tevye's Dream" – Tevye, Golde, Grandmother Tzeitel, Rabbi, Fruma-Sarah, and Chorus
"Sunrise, Sunset" – Tevye, Golde, Perchik, Hodel, and Chorus
"Wedding Celebration / The Bottle Dance"
"Entr'acte" – Orchestra
"Tevye's Monologue (Hodel and Perchik)" – Tevye
"Do You Love Me?" – Tevye and Golde
"Far from the Home I Love" – Hodel
"Chava Ballet Sequence (Little Bird, Little Chavaleh)" – Tevye
"Tevye's Monologue (Chava and Fyedka)" – Tevye
"Anatevka" – Tevye, Golde, Lazar Wolf, Yente, Mendel, Mordcha, and Company
Production[edit]
The decision to cast Topol, instead of Zero Mostel, as Tevye was a somewhat controversial one, as the role had originated with Mostel and he had made it famous. Years later, Jewison said he felt Mostel's larger-than-life personality, while fine on stage, would cause film audiences to see him as Mostel, rather than the character of Tevye.[6]
Principal photography was done at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire, England. Most of the exterior shots were done in SFR Yugoslavia—specifically in Mala Gorica, Lekenik, and Zagreb within the Yugoslav constituent republic of Croatia. Though the area was under heavy snow during location scouting in 1969, during the filming the producers had to ship in marble dust to stand in for snow.[7] Three hundred extras conversant in various foreign languages were used, as were flocks of geese and pigs and their handlers.[8] Isaac Stern performed the violin solos.[7]
Director Jewison has a cameo as a rabbi during Tevye's dream sequence.[citation needed]
Differences from the Broadway musical[edit]
The film follows the plot of the stage play very closely, retaining nearly all of the play's dialogue, although it omits the songs "Now I Have Everything" and "The Rumor (I Just Heard)".[9][10] Lyrical portions of "Tevye's Dream (Tailor Motel Kemzoil)", were omitted to avoid repetition. Changes were also made in the song "Tradition," with the film omitting the dialogue between Reb Nachum the beggar (who, in the film, cannot speak) and Lazar Wolf as well as dialogue spoken by Yente and Avram. In addition, in the film, two men argue about whether a horse claimed to be six years old was actually twelve, rather than whether the horse was actually a mule.
Seven additional scenes were added to the film:
The Constable gets orders from his superior for a "demonstration" against the Jews (referred to by the superior as "Christ-killers") in Anatevka.
Perchik is arrested at a workers' rally in Kiev.
Golde goes to the priest to look for Chava (described by her in the stage production).
Motel gets dressed for his upcoming wedding to Tzeitel.
The Rabbi and his students inside the synagogue receive news of the arrival of Motel's new sewing machine.
The Rabbi takes the Torah out of the ark inside the synagogue for the last time. He weeps and chants quietly about having to abandon the synagogue.
Tevye feeds his animals in the barn for the final time. He tells his lame horse to take care of his leg and to treat his new owner and master well.
The scene with Hodel and Perchik, where he plans to leave to start a revolution, was extended in the film. A new song sung by Perchik was recorded ("Any Day Now"), but was omitted from the final print; however, it was included in the 2004 reissue of the soundtrack. When the film was re-released to theaters in 1979, 32 minutes were cut, including the songs "Far from the Home I Love" and "Anatevka".
In the film, Tevye and Lazar Wolf discuss Wolf's proposed marriage to Tzeitel in Wolf's home, while in the stage version, the two meet in a tavern. The film shows Wolf's home as filled with golden artifacts. Prior to Lazar Wolf entering the scene, Tevye speaks to a female servant, who tells him not to touch anything.
Although a faithful adaptation of the original stage version, Fiddler scholar Jan Lisa Huttner has noted several differences between stage and screen.[9][11] She argues that changes in American culture and politics and developments in Israel led the filmmakers to portray certain characters differently and to offer a different version of Anatevka.[9] For example, the Broadway production cast Bea Arthur as a tall, booming Yente, while the film portrays Yente as tiny and timid. Huttner also notes that the "Chagall color palette" of the original Broadway production was exchanged for a grittier, more realistic depiction of the village of Anatevka.[9]
Release[edit]
Roadshow presentation[edit]
Because the film follows the stage musical so closely, and the musical did not have an overture, the filmmakers chose to eliminate the customary film overture played before the beginning of most motion pictures shown in a roadshow-style presentation. However, there is a solo by the Fiddler played over the opening credits (after the conclusion of "Tradition"), there is an intermission featuring entr'acte music, and exit music is played at the end after the closing credits.
Reception[edit]
The film was a success, earning United Artists profits of $6.1 million, plus distribution profits of $8 million.[12]
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an 81% rating based on 37 reviews, with an average of 7.7/10.[13]
Awards and honors[edit]
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
1972 Academy Awards Best Picture Norman Jewison Nominated
Best Actor Chaim Topol Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Leonard Frey Nominated
Best Director Norman Jewison Nominated
Best Art Direction Art Direction: Robert F. Boyle and Michael Stringer; Set Decoration: Peter Lamont Nominated
Best Music, Scoring Adaptation and Original Song Score John Williams Won
Best Cinematography Oswald Morris Won
Best Sound Gordon K. McCallum and David Hildyard Won
Golden Globe Awards Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy Won
Best Actor in a Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy Topol Won
Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture Paul Mann Nominated
Best Director Norman Jewison Nominated
BAFTA Awards Best Cinematography Oswald Morris Nominated
Best Editing Antony Gibbs, Robert Lawrence Nominated
Best Sound Track Les Wiggins, David Hildyard, Gordon K. McCallum Nominated
American Cinema Editors Best Edited Feature Film Antony Gibbs, Robert Lawrence Nominated
British Society of Cinematographers Oswald Morris Won
David di Donatello Best Foreign Actor Topol Won
Motion Picture Sound Editors Best Sound Editor - Dialogue Won
Sant Jordi Awards Best Performance in a Foreign Film Topol Won
Writers Guild of America Award Best Comedy Adapted from Another Medium Joseph Stein Nominated
2007 Satellite Awards Best DVD Extras (for the collector's edition) Nominated
American Film Institute recognition
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies - Nominated[14]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
Sunrise, Sunset - Nominated
If I Were a Rich Man - Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers - #82
AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals - Nominated[15]
See also[edit]
List of American films of 1971
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Fiddler on the Roof (U)". British Board of Film Classification. August 19, 1971. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
Jump up ^ Movie Box Office Figures. LDS Film. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
Jump up ^ Gussow, Mel (August 25, 1988). "Leonard Frey, Actor, Dies at 49; Was in 'Fiddler' and Other Films" – via NYTimes.com.
Jump up ^ http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=54251, AFI.com, accessed October 17, 2016
Jump up ^ Walker, Craig (2011). On The Buses: The Complete Story. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 9781908382849.
Jump up ^ Bial 2005, pp. 78–79.
^ Jump up to: a b Isenberg 2014, p. ix.
Jump up ^ Isenberg 2014, pp. ix, 124.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Huttner, Jan Lisa. "Fiddler: Stage versus Screen", JUF.org, November 14, 2011, accessed September 7, 2015
Jump up ^ Fiddler on the Roof, AFI.com, accessed September 7, 2015
Jump up ^ "My Kinda Town - Second City Tzivi". September 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Tino Balio, United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry, University of Wisconsin Press, 1987, p. 194.
Jump up ^ "Fiddler on the Roof (1971)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
Jump up ^ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-01-29.
Jump up ^ "AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-01-29.
Sources[edit]
Bial, Henry (2005). Acting Jewish: Negotiating Ethnicity on the American Stage & Screen. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 047206908X.
Isenberg, Barbara (2014). Tradition!: The Highly Improbable, Ultimately Triumphant Broadway-to-Hollywood Story of Fiddler on the Roof, the World's Most Beloved Musical. St. Martin's Press. p. ix. ISBN 1466862521.
External links[edit]
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Fiddler on the Roof (film)
Fiddler on the Roof on IMDb
Fiddler on the Roof at the TCM Movie Database
Fiddler on the Roof at Box Office Mojo
Fiddler on the Roof at Rotten Tomatoes
[show]
v
t
e
Fiddler on the Roof
Characters
Tevye
Inspiration
Sholem Aleichem's Tevye and his Daughters
Adaptations
Fiddler on the Roof (1964 musical)
Fiddler on the Roof (1971 film)
Songs
Act 1
Tradition
Matchmaker, Matchmaker
If I Were a Rich Man
Sabbath Prayer
To Life
Miracle of Miracles
Tevye's Dream
Sunrise, Sunset
Act 2
Now I Have Everything
Do You Love Me?
The Rumor/I Just Heard
Far From the Home I Love
Chavaleh (Little Bird)
Anatevka
Any Day Now
Miscellaneous
List of awards and nominations for the musical Fiddler on the Roof
A Shoggoth on the Roof (parody musical)
[show]
v
t
e
Films directed by Norman Jewison
40 Pounds of Trouble (1962)
The Thrill of It All (1963)
Send Me No Flowers (1964)
The Art of Love (1965)
The Cincinnati Kid (1965)
The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966)
In the Heat of the Night (1967)
The Thomas Crown Affair (1968)
Gaily, Gaily (1969)
Fiddler on the Roof (1971)
Jesus Christ Superstar (1973)
Rollerball (1975)
F.I.S.T. (1978)
...And Justice for All (1979)
Best Friends (1982)
A Soldier's Story (1984)
Agnes of God (1985)
Moonstruck (1987)
In Country (1989)
Other People's Money (1991)
Only You (1994)
Bogus (1996)
The Hurricane (1999)
Dinner with Friends (2001)
The Statement (2003)
[show]
v
t
e
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
An American in Paris (1951)
With a Song in My Heart (1952)
Carmen Jones (1954)
Guys and Dolls (1955)
The King and I (1956)
Les Girls (1957)
Gigi / Auntie Mame (1958)
Porgy and Bess / Some Like It Hot (1959)
Song Without End / The Apartment (1960)
West Side Story / A Majority of One (1961)
The Music Man / That Touch of Mink (1962)
Tom Jones (1963)
My Fair Lady (1964)
The Sound of Music (1965)
The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming (1966)
The Graduate (1967)
Oliver! (1968)
The Secret of Santa Vittoria (1969)
MASH (1970)
Fiddler on the Roof (1971)
Cabaret (1972)
American Graffiti (1973)
The Longest Yard (1974)
The Sunshine Boys (1975)
A Star Is Born (1976)
The Goodbye Girl (1977)
Heaven Can Wait (1978)
Breaking Away (1979)
Coal Miner's Daughter (1980)
Arthur (1981)
Tootsie (1982)
Yentl (1983)
Romancing the Stone (1984)
Prizzi's Honor (1985)
Hannah and Her Sisters (1986)
Hope and Glory (1987)
Working Girl (1988)
Driving Miss Daisy (1989)
Green Card (1990)
Beauty and the Beast (1991)
The Player (1992)
Mrs. Doubtfire (1993)
The Lion King (1994)
Babe (1995)
Evita (1996)
As Good as It Gets (1997)
Shakespeare in Love (1998)
Toy Story 2 (1999)
Almost Famous (2000)
Moulin Rouge! (2001)
Chicago (2002)
Lost in Translation (2003)
Sideways (2004)
Walk the Line (2005)
Dreamgirls (2006)
Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007)
Vicky Cristina Barcelona (2008)
The Hangover (2009)
The Kids Are All Right (2010)
The Artist (2011)
Les Misérables (2012)
American Hustle (2013)
The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014)
The Martian (2015)
La La Land (2016)
Lady Bird (2017)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiddler_on_the_Roof_(film)&oldid=824202977"
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Academy Award for Best Sound

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Gordon K. McCallum

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Golden Globe Awards

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