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Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps
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For the Royal Marines equivalent, see Corps Regimental Sergeant Major.
Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps
Incumbent
SMMC Ronald L. Green
since February 20, 2015
Formation
May 23, 1957
First holder
Wilbur Bestwick
Website
http://www.hqmc.marines.mil/smmc
Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps (officially abbreviated to SMMC[1][2]) is a billet, as well as a unique enlisted grade of rank, with a unique non-commissioned grade of rank insignia, in the United States Marine Corps.
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Sergeants Major of the Marine Corps
2.1 Timeline
3 See also
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Rank insignia of the SMMC from 1957 to 1970, became the rank insignia for a sergeant major afterwards.
In the U.S. Marine Corps, sergeant major is the ninth and highest enlisted rank, just above first sergeant, and equal in grade to master gunnery sergeant, although the two have different responsibilities. A sergeant major typically serves as the unit commander's senior enlisted adviser and to handle matters of discipline and morale among the enlisted Marines. The Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps is chosen by the Commandant of the Marine Corps to serve as his adviser and is the preeminent and highest ranking enlisted Marine with an order of precedence of a lieutenant general.[3]
Although not officially considered a Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps, when Archibald Sommers was appointed to the grade of Sergeant Major January 1, 1801, it was a solitary post, similar to the modern billet of Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps. In 1833, an act of legislation made the rank of sergeant major permanent for the Marine Corps and by 1899 five Marines held the rank of sergeant major. This continued until 1946, when the rank was abolished, only to be re-introduced in 1954 as part of the Marine Corps rank structure.[4]
The post of Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps was established in 1957 from the order of Assistant Chief of Staff for Personnel at Headquarters Marine Corps, Brigadier general James P. Berkeley, as the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Commandant of the Marine Corps,[4] the first such post in any of the five branches of the United States Armed Forces.[5] In 1970, the rank insignia of the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps was authorized (which features three stripes, the Eagle, Globe, and Anchor flanked by two five-point stars in the center, and four rockers) as opposed to the standard Sergeant Major rank insignia (which features three stripes, one five-point star in the center, and four rockers), which was used for the rank from the post's creation in 1957 to 1970. While "Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps" is the full wording of the rank, the verbal address for this is commonly Sergeant Major.
The Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps is selected by the Commandant of the Marine Corps and typically serves a four-year term, though his service is at the discretion of the Commandant.[5] Since Sergeant Major Wilbur Bestwick was appointed the first Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps in 1957, 17 different Marines have filled this post.[6]
On January 20, 2015, Commandant Joseph F. Dunford, Jr. announced that Sergeant Major Ronald L. Green would relieve Sergeant Major Micheal P. Barrett and serve as the 18th Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps on February 20, 2015.[7]
Sergeants Major of the Marine Corps[edit]
#
Picture
Name
Tenure from
Tenure to
1 Bestwick Wilbur Bestwick[8] May 23, 1957 September 1, 1959
2 Rauber Francis D. Rauber[9] September 1, 1959 June 29, 1962
3 McHugh Thomas J. McHugh[10] June 29, 1962 July 17, 1965
4 Sweet Herbert J. Sweet[11] July 17, 1965 August 1, 1969
5 Dailey Joseph W. Dailey[12] August 1, 1969 February 1, 1973
6 Puckett Clinton A. Puckett[13] February 1, 1973 June 1, 1975
7 Black Henry H. Black[14] June 1, 1975 April 1, 1977
8 Massaro John R. Massaro[15] April 1, 1977 August 16, 1979
9 Crawford Leland D. Crawford[16] August 16, 1979 June 28, 1983
10 Cleary Robert E. Cleary[17] June 28, 1983 June 27, 1987
11 Sommers David W. Sommers[18] June 27, 1987 June 28, 1991
12 Overstreet Harold G. Overstreet[19] June 28, 1991 June 30, 1995
13 Lee Lewis G. Lee[20] June 30, 1995 June 29, 1999
14 McMichael Alford L. McMichael[21] June 29, 1999 June 26, 2003
15 Estrada John L. Estrada[22] June 26, 2003 April 25, 2007
16 Kent Carlton W. Kent[23] April 25, 2007 June 9, 2011
17 Barrett Micheal P. Barrett[24] June 9, 2011 February 20, 2015
18 Green Ronald L. Green[25] February 20, 2015 Incumbent
Timeline[edit]
See also[edit]
United States Marine Corps portal
Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Coast Guard
Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy
Senior Enlisted Advisor for the National Guard Bureau
Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Sergeant Major of the Army
References[edit]
General
"The Official Web Site of the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps". United States Marine Corps. Retrieved 2014-07-19.
Specific
Jump up ^ "ALMAR 016/09: 2009 Sergeants Major Symposium". United States Marine Corps. 2009-05-13. Archived from the original on 24 February 2013. Retrieved 22 December 2009.
Jump up ^ SMMC on TheFreeDictionary.com
Jump up ^ Order of Precedence – OPNAVINST 1710.7J (NOTES: 7)
^ Jump up to: a b "Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps". hqmc.marines.mil. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
^ Jump up to: a b Estrada, John L. "Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps". 15smmc.com. Retrieved 2009-06-22. [dead link]
Jump up ^ "Previous SMMC". hqmc.marines.mil. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
Jump up ^ "NEXT SERGEANT MAJOR OF THE MARINE CORPS ANNOUNCED". January 20, 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Wilbur Bestwick, USMC (Deceased)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Francis Drury Rauber, USMC (Deceased)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Thomas J. McHugh, USMC (Deceased)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Herbert J. Sweet, USMC (Deceased)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Joseph W. Dailey, USMC (Deceased)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Clinton A. Puckett, USMC (Deceased)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Henry H. Black, USMC (Retired)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major John R. Massaro, USMC (Retired)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Leland D. Crawford, USMC (Deceased)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Robert E. Cleary, USMC (Retired)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2010-12-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major David W. Sommers, USMC (Retired)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Harold G. Overstreet, USMC (Retired)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Lewis G. Lee, USMC (Retired)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Alford L. McMichael, USMC (Retired)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major John L. Estrada, USMC (Retired)". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2010-12-14. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Carlton W. Kent, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Michael P. Barrett, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Retrieved 2015-02-21.
Jump up ^ "Sergeant Major Ronald L. Green, USMC". Who's Who in Marine Corps History. Marine Corps Historical Division. Retrieved 2015-02-21.
External links[edit]
Media related to Sergeants Major of the United States Marine Corps at Wikimedia Commons
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FIFA World Cup hosts
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Map of FIFA World Cup final hosts, 1930–2014. Dark green: twice; middle green: once; light green: planned until 2022
Sixteen countries have been FIFA World Cup hosts in the competition's twenty tournaments since the inaugural World Cup in 1930. The organization at first awarded hosting to countries at meetings of FIFA's congress. The choice of location was controversial in the earliest tournaments, given the three-week boat journey between South America and Europe, the two centers of strength in football at the time.
The decision to hold the first cup in Uruguay, for example, led to only four European nations competing.[1] The next two World Cups were both held in Europe. The decision to hold the second of these, the 1938 FIFA World Cup, in France was controversial, as the South American countries had been led to understand that the World Cup would rotate between the two continents.
Both Argentina and Uruguay thus boycotted the tournament.[2] The first tournament following World War II, held in Brazil in 1950, had three teams withdraw due to either financial problems or disagreements with the organization.[3]
To avoid any future boycotts or controversy, FIFA began a pattern of alternation between the Americas and Europe, which continued until the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Asia. The system evolved so that the host country is now chosen in a vote by FIFA's Council (former Executive Committee). This is done under an exhaustive ballot system. The decision is currently made roughly seven years in advance of the tournament, though the hosts for the 2022 tournament were chosen at the same time as those for the 2018 tournament.
Only Mexico, Italy, France, Germany (West Germany until shortly after the 1990 World Cup) and Brazil have hosted the event on two occasions. Mexico City's Estadio Azteca and Rio de Janeiro's Maracanã are the only venues ever to have hosted two FIFA World Cup finals. Only the 2002 FIFA World Cup had more than one host, being split between Japan and South Korea.
Contents
[hide]
1 List of hosts
2 1930 FIFA World Cup
3 1934 FIFA World Cup
4 1938 FIFA World Cup
5 Cancelled FIFA World Cups 1942 and 1946
6 1950 and 1954 FIFA World Cups
6.1 1949 bid
6.2 1951 bid
7 1958 FIFA World Cup
8 1962 FIFA World Cup
9 1966 FIFA World Cup
10 1970 FIFA World Cup
11 1974, 1978, 1982 FIFA World Cups
11.1 1974 results
11.2 1978 results
11.3 1982 results
12 1986 FIFA World Cup
13 1990 FIFA World Cup
14 1994 FIFA World Cup
15 1998 FIFA World Cup
16 2002 FIFA World Cup
17 2006 FIFA World Cup
17.1 Controversy
18 2010 FIFA World Cup
18.1 Controversy
19 2014 FIFA World Cup
20 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups
20.1 Accusations of bribery
21 2026 FIFA World Cup
22 2030 FIFA World Cup
23 Total bids by country
24 Host country performances
25 References
26 External links
List of hosts[edit]
Year
Host
Continent
Winner
1930 Uruguay South America Uruguay
1934 Italy Europe Italy
1938 France Europe Italy
1942 Cancelled due to World War II
1946 Cancelled due to World War II
1950 Brazil South America Uruguay
1954 Switzerland Europe West Germany
1958 Sweden Europe Brazil
1962 Chile South America Brazil
1966 England Europe England
1970 Mexico North America Brazil
1974 West Germany Europe West Germany
1978 Argentina South America Argentina
1982 Spain Europe Italy
1986 Mexico North America Argentina
1990 Italy Europe West Germany
1994 United States North America Brazil
1998 France Europe France
2002 South Korea / Japan Asia Brazil
2006 Germany Europe Italy
2010 South Africa Africa Spain
2014 Brazil South America Germany
2018 Russia Europe
2022 Qatar Asia
2026 TBD
2030 TBD
1930 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 1930 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
Sweden
Uruguay
Before the FIFA Congress could vote on the first-ever World Cup host, a series of withdrawals led to the election of Uruguay. The Netherlands and Hungary withdrew, followed by Sweden withdrawing in favour of Italy. Then both Italy and Spain withdrew, in favour of the only remaining candidate, Uruguay. The FIFA Congress met in Barcelona, Spain on 18 May 1929 to ratify the decision, and Uruguay was chosen without a vote.[citation needed]
Results:
Uruguay
Italy withdrew
Spain withdrew
Sweden withdrew
Netherlands withdrew
Hungary withdrew
Notice that the celebration of the first World Cup coincided with the centennial anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay. For that reason, the main stadium built in Montevideo for the World Cup was named Estadio Centenario.
1934 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 1934 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Italy
Sweden
Sweden decided to withdraw before the vote, allowing the only remaining candidate Italy to take the hosting job for the 1934 World Cup. The decision was ratified by the FIFA Congress in Stockholm, Sweden and Zürich, Switzerland on 14 May 1932. The Italian Football Federation accepted the hosting duties on 9 October 1932.
Results:
Italy
Sweden withdrew
1938 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 1938 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Argentina
France
Germany
Without any nations withdrawing their bids before the vote, the FIFA Congress convened in Berlin, Germany on 13 August 1936 to decide the next host of the World Cup. Electing France took only one ballot, as France had more than half of the votes in the first round.[4]
Results:
France, 19 votes
Argentina, 3 votes
Germany, 1 vote
Cancelled FIFA World Cups 1942 and 1946[edit]
Bids for 1942:
Argentina
Brazil
Germany
Cancelled FIFA election of the host due to the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939.
Bids for 1946:
none
1950 and 1954 FIFA World Cups[edit]
Main articles: 1950 FIFA World Cup and 1954 FIFA World Cup
1949 bid[edit]
Bid:
Brazil
Brazil, Argentina, and Germany had official bid for the 1942 World Cup, but the Cup was cancelled after the outbreak of World War II. The 1950 World Cup was originally scheduled for 1949, but the day after Brazil was selected by the FIFA Congress on 26 July 1946 in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, the World Cup was rescheduled for 1950.
Result:
Brazil
1951 bid[edit]
Bid:
Switzerland
The 1951 World Cup hosting duty was decided on 26 July 1946, the same day that Brazil was selected for the 1949 World Cup, in Luxembourg City. On 27 July, the FIFA Congress pushed back the 5th World Cup finals for three years, deciding it should take place in 1954.
Result:
Switzerland
1958 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main articles: 1958 FIFA World Cup § Host selection, and 1958 FIFA World Cup
Bid:
Sweden
Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Sweden expressed interest in hosting the tournament.[5] Swedish delegates lobbied other countries at the FIFA Congress held in Rio de Janeiro around the opening of the 1950 World Cup finals.[5] Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed in on 23 June 1950.[6]
Result:
Sweden
1962 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 1962 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Argentina
Chile
West Germany
West Germany withdrew before the vote, which took place in Lisbon, Portugal on 10 June 1956, leaving two remaining bids. In one round of voting, Chile won over Argentina.
Results:
Chile, 32 votes
Argentina, 11 votes
West Germany withdrew
1966 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 1966 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
England
West Germany
Spain
Spain withdrew from the bidding prior to voting by the FIFA Congress, held in Rome, Italy on 22 August 1960. Again, there was only one round of voting, with England defeating West Germany for the hosting position.
Results:
England, 34 votes
West Germany, 27 votes
Spain withdrew
1970 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 1970 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Argentina
Australia
Colombia
Japan
Mexico
Peru
The FIFA Congress convened in Tokyo, Japan on 8 October 1964. One round of voting saw Mexico win the hosting duties over Argentina.
Results:
Mexico, 56 votes
Argentina, 32 votes
Australia withdrew
Colombia withdrew
Japan withdrew
Peru withdrew
1974, 1978, 1982 FIFA World Cups[edit]
Main articles: 1974 FIFA World Cup, 1978 FIFA World Cup, and 1982 FIFA World Cup
Three hosts for the 1974, 1978, and 1982 World Cups were chosen in London, England on 6 July 1966 by the FIFA Congress. Spain and West Germany, both facing each other in the running for hosting duties for the 1974 and 1982 World Cups, agreed to give one another a hosting job. Germany withdrew from the 1982 bidding process while Spain withdrew from the 1974 bidding process, essentially guaranteeing each a hosting spot. Mexico, who had won the 1970 hosting bid over Argentina just two years prior, agreed to withdraw and let Argentina take the 1978 hosting position.
1974 results[edit]
West Germany
Spain withdrew in exchange for 1982 hosting duties
Italy withdrew
Netherlands withdrew
1978 results[edit]
Argentina
Colombia withdrew
Mexico withdrew, as they had won hosting for World Cup 1970
1982 results[edit]
Spain
West Germany withdrew in exchange for 1974 hosting duties
Italy withdrew
1986 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 1986 FIFA World Cup
Bid:
Colombia
Host voting, handled by the then-FIFA Executive Committee (or Exco), met in Stockholm on 9 June 1974 and ratified the unopposed Colombian bid.
Result:
Colombia
However, Colombia withdrew after being selected to host the World Cup due to financial problems on 5 November 1982, less than four years before the event was to start. A call for bids was sent out again, and FIFA received intent from three nations:
Canada
Mexico
United States
In Zürich on 20 May 1983, Mexico won the bidding unanimously as voted by the Executive Committee, for the first time in FIFA World Cup bidding history (except those nations who bid unopposed).
Results:
Mexico unanimous vote
United States 0 votes
Canada 0 votes
1990 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 1990 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Austria
England
France
Greece
Iran
Italy
Soviet Union
West Germany
Yugoslavia
Except Italy and the Soviet Union, all nations withdrew before the vote, which was to be conducted by Exco in Zürich on 19 May 1984. Once again, only one round of voting was required, as Italy won more votes than the Soviet Union.
Results:
Italy, 11 votes
Soviet Union, 5 votes
Austria withdrew
England withdrew
France withdrew
Greece withdrew
Iran withdrew
West Germany withdrew
Yugoslavia withdrew
1994 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 1994 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Brazil
Morocco
United States
Chile
Despite having three nations bidding for host duties, voting only took one round. The vote was held in Zürich (for the third straight time) on 4 July 1988. The United States won the bid by receiving a little over half of the votes by the Exco members.
Results:
United States, 10 votes
Morocco, 7 votes
Brazil, 2 votes
Chile withdrew
1998 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 1998 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
England
France
Germany
Morocco
Switzerland
This vote was held in Zürich for the fourth straight time on 1 July 1992. Only one round of voting was required to have France assume the hosting job over Morocco.
Result:
France, 12 votes
Morocco, 7 votes
Switzerland withdrew
England withdrew
Germany withdrew
2002 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 2002 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
South Korea/ Japan
Mexico
On 31 May 1996, the hosting selection meeting was held in Zürich for the fifth straight time. A joint bid was formed between Japan and South Korea, and the bid was "voted by acclamation", an oral vote without ballots. The first joint bid of the World Cup was approved, edging out Mexico.
Results:
South Korea/ Japan (joint bid, voted by acclamation)
Mexico
The 2002 FIFA World Cup was co-hosted in Asia for the first time by South Korea and Japan (the final was held in Japan). Initially, the two Asian countries were competitors in the bidding process. But just before the vote, they agreed with FIFA to co-host the event. However, the rivalry and distance between them led to organizational and logistical problems. FIFA has said that co-hosting is not likely to happen again, and in 2004 officially stated that its statutes did not allow co-hosting bids.[7]
2006 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 2006 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Brazil
England
Germany
Morocco
South Africa
On 6 July 2000, the host selection meeting was held for the sixth straight time in Zürich. Brazil withdrew its bid three days before the vote, and the field was narrowed to four. This was the first selection in which more than one vote round was required. Three votes were eventually needed. Germany was at least tied for first in each of the three votes, and ended up defeating South Africa by only one vote after an abstention (see below).
Results
Nation
Vote
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Germany 10 11 12
South Africa 6 11 11
England 5 2 Eliminated
Morocco 2 Eliminated Eliminated
Total votes
23
24
23
Controversy[edit]
The controversy over the decision to award the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany led to a further change in practice. The final tally was 12 votes to 11 in favour of Germany over the contenders South Africa, who had been favorites to win. New Zealand FIFA member Charlie Dempsey, who was instructed to vote for South Africa by the Oceania Football Confederation, abstained from voting at the last minute. If he had voted for the South African bid, the tally would have been 12–12, giving the decision to FIFA President Sepp Blatter, who, it was widely believed, would then have voted for South Africa.[8]
Dempsey was among eight members of the Executive Committee to receive a fax by editors of the German satirical magazine Titanic on Wednesday, the night before the vote, promising a cuckoo clock and Black Forest ham in exchange for voting for Germany. He argued that the pressure from all sides including "an attempt to bribe" him had become too much for him.[9]
On 4 August 2000, consequently, FIFA decided to rotate the hosting of the final tournaments between its constituent confederations. This was until October 2007, during the selection of the host for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, when they announced that they will no longer continue with their continental rotation policy (see below).[10][11]
2010 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 2010 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Egypt
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Tunisia / Libya
The first World Cup bidding process under continental rotation (the process of rotating hosting of the World Cup to each confederation in turn) was the 2010 FIFA World Cup,[7] the first World Cup to be held in Africa. On 7 July 2001, during the FIFA Congress in Buenos Aires, a decision was ratified, which was that the rotation will begin in Africa.[12] On 23 September 2002, FIFA's Executive Committee confirmed that only African member associations, would be invited to submit bids to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[13]
In January 2003, Nigeria entered the bidding process, but withdrew their bid in September.[14][15] In March 2003, Sepp Blatter initially said Nigeria's plan to co host the 2010 FIFA World Cup with four African countries would not work.[16] Nigeria had originally hoped to bid jointly with West African neighbours Benin, Ghana, and Togo.
After it was confirmed by FIFA that joint bidding would not be allowed in the future, Libya and Tunisia withdrew both of their bids on 8 May 2004. On 15 May 2004 in Zürich (the seventh consecutive time that a host selection has been made there), South Africa, after a narrow loss in the 2006 bidding, defeated perennial candidate Morocco to host, 14 votes to 10. Egypt received no votes.
Results
Nation
Vote
Round 1
South Africa 14
Morocco 10
Egypt 0
Tunisia / Libya Withdrew
Nigeria Withdrew
Total votes
24
Controversy[edit]
On 28 May 2015, media covering the 2015 FIFA corruption case reported that high-ranking officials from the South African bid committee had secured the right to host the World Cup by paying US$10 million in bribes to then-FIFA Vice President Jack Warner and to other FIFA Executive Committee members.[17]
On 4 June 2015, FIFA executive Chuck Blazer, having co-operated with the FBI and the Swiss authorities, confirmed that he and the other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed in order to promote the South African 1998 and 2010 World Cups. Blazer stated, "I and others on the Fifa executive committee agreed to accept bribes in conjunction with the selection of South Africa as the host nation for the 2010 World Cup."[18][19]
On 6 June 2015, The Daily Telegraph reported that Morocco had received the most votes, but South Africa was awarded the tournament instead.[20]
2014 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main articles: 2014 FIFA World Cup bids and 2014 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
FIFA continued its continental rotation procedure by earmarking the 2014 World Cup for South America. FIFA initially indicated that it might back out of the rotation concept,[21] but later decided to continue it through the 2014 host decision, after which it was dropped.
Colombia had expressed interest in hosting the 2014 World Cup,[22] but withdrew undertaking the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.[23] Brazil also expressed interest in hosting the World Cup. CONMEBOL, the South American Football Federation, indicated their preference for Brazil as a host.[24] Brazil was the only nation to submit a formal bid when the official bidding procedure for CONMEBOL member associations was opened in December 2006, as by that time, Colombia, Chile and Argentina had already withdrawn, and Venezuela was not allowed to bid.
Brazil made the first unopposed bid since the initial selection of the 1986 FIFA World Cup (when Colombia was selected as host, but later withdrew for financial problems). The FIFA Executive Committee confirmed it as the host country on 30 October 2007 by a unanimous decision.[25]
Result:
2014 FIFA bidding (majority 12 votes)
Bidders
Votes
Round 1
Round 2
Brazil N/A N/A
Argentina Withdrew
Colombia Withdrew
2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups[edit]
Further information: 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup bids, 2018 FIFA World Cup, and 2022 FIFA World Cup
2018 Bids:
Belgium / Netherlands
England
Spain / Portugal
Russia
2022 Bids:
Australia
Japan
South Korea
Qatar
United States
Wikinews has related news: FIFA receives eleven bids for 2018 and 2022 World Cups
FIFA announced on 29 October 2007 that it will no longer continue with its continental rotation policy, implemented after the 2006 World Cup host selection. The newest host selection policy is that any country may bid for a World Cup, provided that their continental confederation has not hosted either of the past two World Cups. For the 2018 World Cup bidding process, this meant that bids from Africa and South America were not allowed.
For the 2022 World Cup bidding process, this meant that bids from South America and Europe were not allowed.[26][27] Also, FIFA formally allowed joint bids once more (after they were banned in 2002), due to there being only one organizing committee per joint bid, unlike Korea/Japan, which had two different organizing committees.[28] Countries that announced their interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands.[26][29][30]
The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Middle East and the second time in Asia. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup.[31]
2018 Results
Nation
Vote
Round 1
Round 2
Russia 9 13
Spain / Portugal 7 7
Netherlands / Belgium 4 2
England 2 Eliminated
Total votes
22
22
2022 results
Nation
Vote
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Qatar 11 10 11 14
United States 3 5 6 8
South Korea 4 5 5 Eliminated
Japan 3 2 Eliminated Eliminated
Australia 1 Eliminated Eliminated Eliminated
Total votes
22
22
22
22
Accusations of bribery[edit]
Main article: Concerns and controversies over the 2022 FIFA World Cup
Before the vote, allegations of bribery resulted in the suspension of two FIFA Executive Committee members, reducing the number of voters to 22.[32]
In May 2011, allegations of corruption within the FIFA senior officials raised questions over the legitimacy of the World Cup being held in Qatar. According to then vice-President Jack Warner, an email has been publicised about the possibility that Qatar 'bought' the 2022 World Cup through bribery via Mohammed bin Hammam who was president of the Asian Football Confederation at the time. Qatar's officials in the bid team for 2022 have denied any wrongdoing.[33]
A whistleblower, revealed to be Phaedra Almajid, alleged that several African officials were paid $1.5 million by Qatar.[34] She later retracted her claims of bribery, stating she had fabricated them in order to exact revenge on the Qatari bid team for relieving her of her job with them. She also denied being put under any pressure to make her retraction. FIFA confirmed receiving an email from her which stated her retraction.[35][36]
On 1 June 2014, The Sunday Times claimed to have obtained documents including e-mails, letters and bank transfers which allegedly proved that Bin Hammam had paid more than US$5 million to football officials to support the Qatar bid. Bin Hamman and all those accused of accepting bribes denied the charges[37]
More suspicions emerged in March 2014 when it was discovered that Jack Warner, who was made to leave his post as president of CONCACAF in disgrace, and his family were paid almost $2 million from a firm linked to Qatar's successful campaign. The FBI is investigating Warner and his alleged links to the Qatari bid.[38]
2026 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 2026 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Canada / USA / Mexico
Morocco
A CONCACAF bid for the 2026 World Cup is probable, with Canada, USA, and Mexico the most likely nations to bid.[39] Under FIFA rules as of 2016, the 2026 Cup cannot be in either Europe (UEFA) or Asia (Asian Football Confederation),[40][41] leaving an African (CAF) bid, a North American (CONCACAF) bid, a South American (CONMEBOL) bid or an Oceanian (OFC) bid as other possible options.[42] In March 2017, FIFA's president Gianni Infantino confirmed that "Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively."[43]
The bidding process was originally scheduled to start in 2015, with the appointment of hosts scheduled for the FIFA Congress on 10 May 2017 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[44][45] On 10 June 2015, FIFA announced that the bid process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup was postponed.[46][47] However, following the FIFA Council meeting on 10 May 2016, a new bid schedule was announced for May 2020 as the last in a four-phase process.[48]
CONCACAF member federations (Canada, Mexico, United States) are favoured to host the 2026 World Cup for the first time since 1994 World Cup. Also, FIFA's president Infantino will consider the option for triple co-hosting by Canada, Mexico and the United States.[40][49] On 14 October 2016, FIFA said it will accept CONCACAF triple tournament-sharing bid by Canada, Mexico and the United States.[50]
According to CONCACAF president, Victor Montagliani, there would be a possibility of a joint bid between Canada, United States, and Mexico to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[51]
On 10 April 2017, Canada, the United States, and Mexico announced their intention to submit a joint bid to co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup, with three-quarters of the games to be played in the U.S., including the final.[52]
On 11 August 2017, Morocco has officially announced a bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[53]
Official 2026 Bids:
CONCACAF:
Canada / United States / Mexico: Canada–United States–Mexico 2026 FIFA World Cup bid[50][54][55][56]
CAF:
Morocco: Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid[57][58]
2030 FIFA World Cup[edit]
Main article: 2030 FIFA World Cup
Bids:
Uruguay / Argentina / Paraguay
Indonesia
Six early bids for the 2030 FIFA World Cup - the Centennial World Cup - have been proposed, with a collective bid from the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,[59] a proposed bid by the Football Federation of Chile,[60] a proposed joint bid from Uruguay and Argentina,[61] a proposed bid from Colombia,[62][63] a proposed bid by The Football Association of England,[64] and a proposed joint bid from New Zealand and Australia.[65][66] Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) because the Asian Football Confederation is excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022.[43][64] Also in June 2017, UEFA's president Aleksander Čeferin stated that Europe (UEFA) will definitely fight for its right to host the 2030 World Cup.[67]
The Uruguay–Argentina bid would coincide with the centennial anniversary of the first FIFA World Cup final, and the bicentennial of the first Constitution of Uruguay. The Uruguay-Argentina bid was officially confirmed on 29 July 2017. Paraguay is aiming for joining the bid, but this is not confirmed or discarded yet. The efforts for the inclusion of Paraguay in the bid caused discomfort in the Uruguayan Football Association, and Wilmar Valdéz (AUF president) accused some insistence of the Conmebol although it is not official that Paraguay joins the event.[68] Chile also wants to organize the World Cup with Uruguay and Argentina.[69]
A joint bid was announced by the Argentine Football Association and the Uruguayan Football Association on 29 July 2017.[70] Before Uruguay and Argentina played out a goalless draw in Montevideo, FC Barcelona players Luis Suárez and Lionel Messi promoted the bid with commemorative shirts.[71] On 31 August 2017, it was suggested Paraguay would join as a third host.[72] CONMEBOL, the South American confederation, confirmed the joint three-way bid in September 2017.[73]
English FA vice chairman David Gill has proposed that his country could potentially bid for 2030, provided that the bidding process is made more transparent.[74] "England is one of few countries that could stage even a 48-nation event in its entirety, while Football Association chief executive Martin Glenn made it clear earlier this year bidding for 2030 was an option."[64] In June 2017, UEFA stated that "it would support a pan-British bid for 2030 or even a single bid from England."[75]
It is expected that countries from "South America (CONMEBOL) and Asia (AFC) will likely to be in a bid competition for 2030.
The original bid logo for the Uruguay-Argentina World Cup Bid.
Confirmed 2030 bids:
CONMEBOL:
Uruguay / Argentina / Paraguay: Uruguay–Argentina–Paraguay 2030 FIFA World Cup bid[76][68][77][61][61][75]
Expressed interest in bidding:
AFC:
Indonesia
Total bids by country[edit]
World Cup-winning bids are bolded. Planned but not-yet-official bids for 2030 and beyond are not included.
Country
Bids
Years
Germany 6 1938, 1962,[a] 1966,[a] 1974,[a] 1982,[a] 2006
Argentina 5 1938, 1962, 1970, 1978, 2030[b]
Mexico 1970, 1978, 1986,[c] 2002, 2026[d]
Morocco 1994, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2026
Spain 1930, 1966, 1974, 1982, 2018[e]
Brazil 4 1950, 1994, 2006, 2014
England 1966, 1990, 2006, 2018
United States 1986, 1994, 2022, 2026[d]
Italy 3 1930, 1934, 1990
Japan 1970, 2002,[f] 2022
Canada 2 1986, 2026[d]
Chile 1962, 2014
Colombia 1986,[c] 2014
France 1938, 1998
Netherlands 1930, 2018[g]
Russia 1990,[h] 2018
South Africa 2006, 2010
South Korea 2002,[f] 2022
Switzerland 1954, 1998
Uruguay 1930, 2030[b]
Australia 2022
Belgium 1 2018[g]
Egypt 2010
Greece 1990
Hungary 1930
Iran 1990
Libya 2010[i]
Paraguay 2030[b]
Portugal 2018[e]
Qatar 2022
Sweden 1958
Tunisia 2010[i]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bid by West Germany, which was joined by East Germany in 1990 to form the reunified nation of Germany.
^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
^ Jump up to: a b Colombia was originally chosen to host the 1986 World Cup, but withdrew from hosting due to economic concerns. After a second bidding, Mexico was selected as the replacement host.
^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Canada, Mexico and the United States.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Portugal and Spain.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Japan and South Korea.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Belgium and the Netherlands.
Jump up ^ Bid by the Soviet Union, which dissolved into multiple countries in 1991 and whose records are inherited by Russia.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Libya and Tunisia.
Host country performances[edit]
Further information: National team appearances in the FIFA World Cup
It is widely considered that home advantage is common in the World Cup, with the host team usually performing above average.[78] Of the eight countries that have won the tournament, only Brazil and Spain were not champions at home, and both England and France had their only titles as hosts.
Further, Sweden got to its only final as hosts of the 1958 tournament, and only the Swedes and Brazilians finished as runner-up in home soil.[79] The host country reached the semi-finals thirteen times in twenty tournaments, and both Chile and South Korea had their only finishes on the top four at home. Only South Africa in 2010 managed to not go past the group stage.[80]
#
Performance
Team
Year
Pld
W
D
L
Win%
GF
GA
GD
GD/M
GF/M
1 Champion Uruguay 1930 4 4 0 0 100% 15 3 12 3 3.8
2 Champion France 1998 7 6 1 0 93% 15 2 13 1.9 2.1
3 Champion England 1966 6 5 1 0 92% 11 3 8 1.3 1.8
4 Champion Italy 1934 5 4 1 0 90% 12 3 9 1.8 2.4
5 Champion West Germany 1974 7 6 0 1 86% 13 4 9 1.3 1.9
6 Champion Argentina 1978 7 5 1 1 79% 15 4 9 1.3 2.1
7 Runner-up Brazil 1950 6 4 1 1 75% 22 6 16 2.7 3.7
8 Runner-up Sweden 1958 6 4 1 1 75% 12 7 5 0.8 2
9 Third place Italy 1990 7 6 1 0 93% 10 2 8 1.1 1.4
10 Third place Germany 2006 7 5 1 1 79% 14 6 8 1.1 2
11 Third place Chile 1962 6 4 0 2 67% 10 8 2 0.33 1.3
12 Fourth place South Korea 2002 7 3 2 2 57% 8 6 2 0.3 1.1
13 Fourth place Brazil 2014 7 3 2 2 57% 11 14 −3 −0.4 1.57
14 Quarter-final Mexico 1986 5 3 2 0 80% 6 2 4 0.8 1.2
15 Quarter-final Mexico 1970 4 2 1 1 63% 6 4 2 0.5 1.5
16 Quarter-final Switzerland 1954 4 2 0 2 50% 11 11 0 0 2.8
17 Quarter-final France 1938 2 1 0 1 50% 4 4 0 0 2
18 Second round Spain 1982 5 1 2 2 40% 4 5 −1 −0.2 0.8
19 Round of 16 Japan 2002 4 2 1 1 63% 5 3 2 0.5 1.25
20 Round of 16 United States 1994 4 1 1 2 38% 3 4 −1 −0.3 0.8
21 Group stage South Africa 2010 3 1 1 1 50% 3 5 −2 −0.7 1
Win% → Every draw counted as a half win. Wins on penalty shootouts are counted as draws.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "History of 1930 World Cup". BBC Sport. April 11, 2002. Retrieved 13 April 2006.
Jump up ^ France 1938, FIFA World Cup site. Retrieved on April 13, 2006.
Jump up ^ Brazil 1950, FIFA World Cup site. Retrieved on April 13, 2006.
Jump up ^ "FIFA World Cup™ host announcement decision" (PDF). FIFA.com. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Norlin, pp.24–25
Jump up ^ "FIFA World Cup: host announcement decision" (PDF). FIFA. 12 March 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Host nation of 2010 FIFA World Cup – South Africa Archived 12 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine. World Cup 2018 Russia Archived 19 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine., FIFA Media Release, May 15, 2004. Retrieved on January 8, 2006.
Jump up ^ "FIFA president Blatter a big loser with Germany getting 2006 World Cup" by Robert Wagman, SoccerTimes, July 7, 2000. Retrieved on January 8, 2006.
Jump up ^ "German magazine takes credit for bribery hoax", IOL, July 7, 2000. Retrieved on January 8, 2006.
Jump up ^ "Fifa to rotate World Cup". 4 August 2000. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Australia can host World Cup, by Matthew Hall, published 18 September 2005
Jump up ^ "Six African associations announce interest in hosting 2010 FIFA World Cup™". FIFA. 6 January 2003.
Jump up ^ "2010 FIFA World Cup™ : bidding process opens". FIFA. 23 October 2002.
Jump up ^ "Nigeria bid for 2010". bbc.co.uk. 6 January 2003.
Jump up ^ "Nigeria ends World Cup bid". bbc.co.uk. 29 September 2003.
Jump up ^ "Fifa slams Nigeria's 2010 plan". bbc.co.uk. 18 March 2003.
Jump up ^ "South Africa is shaken by FIFA corruption probe", Los Angeles Times, 28 May 2015.
Jump up ^ Vicki Hodges, Giles Mole, JJ Bull, Luke Brown and Rob Crilly, "Fifa whistleblower Chuck Blazer - bribes accepted for 1998 and 2010 World Cups: as it happened", The Telegraph, 3 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015
Jump up ^ Owen Gibson, Paul Lewis, "Fifa informant Chuck Blazer: I took bribes over 1998 and 2010 World Cups", The Guardian, 3 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015
Jump up ^ "Fifa in crisis: 'Morocco won 2010 World Cup vote - not South Africa'". The Telegraph. London. 6 June 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Games win inspires bid to host 2018 World Cup" by John Goodbody, The Times, November 16, 2005. Retrieved on January 8, 2006.
Jump up ^ BBC News, Colombia bids for 2014 World Cup, 17 July 2006
Jump up ^ FIFA, Brazil confirms bid – Colombia withdraws Archived 29 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine., 13 April 2007
Jump up ^ "Brazil set to host World Cup". BBC News. 2003-03-18. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
Jump up ^ "Clear declaration to defend the autonomy of sport" (Press release). FIFA. 6 December 2006. Archived from the original on 31 October 2007. Retrieved 6 December 2006.
^ Jump up to: a b "The end of the rotation policy: the press conference explaining the decision". Fifa.com – News Centre. 29 October 2007. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007.
Jump up ^ "Fifa abandons World Cup rotation". BBC SPORT. 29 October 2007.
Jump up ^ "Blatter announces what's to come". FIFA. 7 June 2010. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011.
Jump up ^ "Iberian threat to England's 2018 World Cup bid". ESPNsoccernet. 27 November 2007.
Jump up ^ "Australia Drops Out of Race to Host 2018 World Cup". BBC. 10 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Russia and Qatar to host 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups, respectively". FIFA. 2 December 2010.
Jump up ^ "Temarii to appeal against suspension". ESPN. 30 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Valcke denies 2022 'bought' claim". BBC News. 30 May 2011.
Jump up ^ Sports Illustrated, "Sorry Soccer", 23 May 2011, p. 16.
Jump up ^ "FIFA tight-lipped over whistleblower". Al Jazeera. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Qatar World Cup whistleblower retracts her claims of Fifa bribes. The Guardian. 10 July 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2012.
Jump up ^ Bond, David (31 May 2014). "Qatar World Cup: '£3m payments to officials' corruption claim". BBC News. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
Jump up ^ Watt, Holly (18 March 2014). "World Cup 2022 investigation: demands to strip Qatar of World Cup". The Telegraph. London. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
Jump up ^ "CONCACAF president: North America must host 2026 World Cup". Goal.com. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b "FIFA blocks Europe from hosting 2026 World Cup, lifting Canada's chances". CBC. Associated Press. 14 October 2016.
Jump up ^ Gastelum, Andrew. "CONCACAF president is pushing hard to land 2026 World Cup". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "No Rest for the Curious: Looking Ahead To World Cup 2026". World Cup Blog. Archived from the original on 19 February 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b Tim Hill in New York (2017-03-09). "Trump travel ban could prevent United States hosting World Cup". The Guardian. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
Jump up ^ "2022 FIFA World Cup to be played in November/December". FIFA.com. 20 March 2015.
Jump up ^ "FIFA defers decision on continental rotation for WCup bids". Yahoo! News. Associated Press. 25 May 2015. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Fifa 2026 World Cup bidding process delayed". BBC News. 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "FIFA Statement on 2026 FIFA World Cup bidding". FIFA.com. 10 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "FIFA Council agrees on four-phase bidding process for 2026 FIFA World Cup". FIFA.com. 10 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "FIFA open to 40-team World Cup, Canada as co-hosts". Sportsnet. AP. 6 September 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "World Cup 2026 may be co-hosted in North America after FIFA says it will accept tournament-sharing". Mirror.co.uk. 2016-10-14. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
Jump up ^ "U.S., Canada, Mexico 2026 World Cup bid a possibility - CONCACAF chief". ESPN.com. 28 December 2016.
Jump up ^ "U.S., Mexico and Canada officially launch bid to co-host 2026 World Cup". ESPNFC.com. Retrieved 2017-04-10.
Jump up ^ "Le Maroc dépose officiellement sa candidature pour le Mondial 2026". Le360. 11 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "FIFA open to 40-team World Cup, Canada as co-hosts". Sportsnet.ca. 2016-09-06. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
Jump up ^ Graham Dunbar (2016-09-06). "FIFA president Infantino open to 40-team World Cup, co-hosts". Ca.sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
Jump up ^ Graham Dunbar (2016-10-14). "FIFA blocks Europe from hosting 2026 World Cup". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2017-04-11.
Jump up ^ "Morocco Seeks to Host the 2026 FIFA World Cup bid". Morocco world news. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.frmf.ma/ar/article/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B6%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%83%D8%A3%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-2026-4
Jump up ^ Hunt, Luke. "Singapore Plans ASEAN Bid for 2030 World Cup". Retrieved 17 November 2013.
Jump up ^ Emol. "Sergio Jadue cree que Chile debe postular a organizar el Mundial de Fútbol 2030".
^ Jump up to: a b c "Coupe du Monde 2030 : l'Argentine et l'Uruguay confirment leur intérêt". Mondial-2030 (in French). January 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Colombia y Chile pretenden organizar el Mundial 2030". Agencia Nacional de Noticias (in Spanish). 11 November 2014. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
Jump up ^ ANDRÉS FELIPE VIVEROS B. (27 November 2014). "Bedoya desmintió a Jesurún sobre candidatura al Mundial del 2030". ELTIEMPO.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 23 June 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "England's hopes of hosting 2030 World Cup given boost". Retrieved 14 January 2017.
Jump up ^ "Fifa World Cup: NZ dream to host Cup". nzherald.co.nz. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "NZ's plan to host a FIFA World Cup (with Oz!)". socceroos.com.au. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
Jump up ^ "UEFA will 'fight' for Europe's right to host 2030 World Cup". Retrieved 2 June 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Molestia en Uruguay por video de Conmebol (in Spanish)
Jump up ^ Chile no se rinde con ser sede (in Spanish)
Jump up ^ Dudko, James (29 July 2017). "Argentina, Uruguay Announce Bid to Host 2030 FIFA World Cup". Bleacher Report. Turner Broadcasting System.
Jump up ^ Gadd, Mick (1 September 2017). "Lionel Messi and Luis Suarez campaign for Uruguay and Argentina's 2030 World Cup bid before 0-0 draw". Daily Mirror.
Jump up ^ "Es oficial: Paraguay se suma a la candidatura de Argentina y Uruguay para el Mundial 2030" [It's official: Paraguay adds itself to the Argentina and Uruguay bid] (in Spanish). 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "Sin Messi ni Suárez, así es el primer video promocional para la candidatura del Mundial 2030" [Without Messi and Suarez, here is the first promotional video for the 2030 World Cup bid] (in Spanish). 5 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "England could bid for 2030 World Cup, says FA vice-chairman David Gill". Retrieved 31 March 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b Uruguay, Argentina And Paraguay Bid For 2030 FIFA World Cup Finals Will Be Hard To Beat
Jump up ^ Valdez: "La candidatura original es Uruguay-Argentina” (in Spanish)
Jump up ^ Messi y Suárez apadrinan el Mundial Uruguay Argentina 2030 (in Spanish)
Jump up ^ Chris Anderson & David Sally (12 June 2014). "How Big Is Brazil's Home-Field Advantage at the World Cup?". Deadspin. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "What can econometrics tell us about World Cup performance?" (PDF). PricewaterhouseCoopers. May 2010. pp. 6–7. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
Jump up ^ Smallwood, John (11 June 2014). "Ultimate home field advantage: Host nation luck". Philadelphia Daily News. Retrieved 2 August 2014.
External links[edit]
FIFA World Cup Host Announcement Decision (PDF)
[show]
v
t
e
FIFA World Cup hosts
1930: Uruguay
1934: Italy
1938: France
1950: Brazil
1954: Switzerland
1958: Sweden
1962: Chile
1966: England
1970: Mexico
1974: West Germany
1978: Argentina
1982: Spain
1986: Mexico
1990: Italy
1994: United States
1998: France
2002: South Korea & Japan
2006: Germany
2010: South Africa
2014: Brazil
2018: Russia
2022: Qatar
[show]
v
t
e
FIFA World Cup
Tournaments
Uruguay 1930
Italy 1934
France 1938
Brazil 1950
Switzerland 1954
Sweden 1958
Chile 1962
England 1966
Mexico 1970
West Germany 1974
Argentina 1978
Spain 1982
Mexico 1986
Italy 1990
United States 1994
France 1998
South Korea/Japan 2002
Germany 2006
South Africa 2010
Brazil 2014
Russia 2018
Qatar 2022
2026
2030
2034
Qualification
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1934
1938
1950
1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
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1934
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1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
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2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Squads
1930
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1938
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1954
1958
1962
1966
1970
1974
1978
1982
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Seedings
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Broadcasters
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
2018
Bids
2014
2018 and 2022
2026
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Records and statistics
All-time table
Goalscorers
top goalscorers
finals goalscorers
hat-tricks
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Miscellaneous
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History
Hosts
Mascots
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Organisers
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Video games
Notes: There was no qualification for the 1930 World Cup as places were given by invitation only. In 1950, there was no final; the article is about the decisive match of the final group stage.
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Home on the Range
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This article is about the song. For other uses, see Home on the Range (disambiguation).
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"Home on the Range"
Song
Genre
Western folk song
Composer(s)
Daniel E. Kelley
Lyricist(s)
Brewster M. Higley
"Home on the Range" is a classic western folk song sometimes called the "unofficial anthem" of the American West. The lyrics were originally written by Dr. Brewster M. Higley of Smith County, Kansas, in a poem entitled "My Western Home" in 1872[1].[2] In 1947, it became the state song of the U.S. state of Kansas. In 2010, members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 western songs of all time.[3]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
2 Modern usage
3 Major versions compared
4 References
5 External links
History[edit]
Dr. Brewster M. Higley, late 19th century
In 1871, Higley moved from Indiana to Smith County, Kansas, under the Homestead Act. He lived in a small cabin near West Beaver Creek.[4] He was so inspired by his new bucolic surroundings that he decided to create a poem in praise of the prairie. Thus, the lyrics to "Home on the Range" were originally published as a poem published in the Smith County Pioneer in 1872 under the title "My Western Home".[5]
The music was later added by Daniel E. Kelley (1808–1905), a carpenter and friend of Higley.[6] Higley's original words are similar to those of the modern version of the song, but not identical; the original did not contain the words "on the range".[5] The song was eventually adopted by ranchers, cowboys, and other western settlers and spread across the United States in various forms.[7] In 1925, the song was arranged as sheet music by Texas composer David W. Guion (1892–1981), who occasionally was credited as the composer.[8] The song has since gone by a number of names, the most common being "Home on the Range" and "Western Home".[9] It was officially adopted as the state song of Kansas on June 30, 1947, and is commonly regarded as the unofficial anthem of the American West.[9][10]
The most popular version of the song was the version recorded by Bing Crosby on September 27, 1933, with Lennie Hayton and his orchestra for Brunswick Records[11] which appeared in the various charts of the day.[12] This turned a little-known saddle song into a most renowned western hymn. The origin of "Home on the Range" was obscure and widely debated at the time. It was published in 1910 in Cowboy Songs and Other Frontier Ballads by John Lomax, who said he learned it from a black saloonkeeper in Texas. In 1925 a sheet-music arrangement found some popularity, and in 1927 Vernon Dalhart recorded it for Brunswick Records. California's radio cowboys picked it up from him, and in 1930 Hollywood's first crooning western star, Ken Maynard, recorded the song. However, it was not until the Crosby version that the song was seen as a national anthem for the west. Its popularity led to a plagiarism suit that created a search for its background.[13]
Crosby's rendition is described by the writer Gary Giddins as transforming "a nostalgic lament into an ode to pioneering, a dream of shared history, a vaguely religious affirmation of fortitude in the face of peril". Giddins praises Crosby's subtle embellishments, which enhance the melody.[13]
Modern usage[edit]
Bing Crosby recorded the song again in 1938 and 1939.[14] Frank Sinatra also recorded the song on March 10, 1946; his version was released in Great Britain and was not available in the United States until 1993. Others who have recorded the song include Connie Francis, Gene Autry, Burl Ives, Pete Seeger, Johnnie Ray, Slim Whitman and Steve Lawrence. "Home on the Range" is often performed in programs and concerts of American patriotic music and is frequently used in plays and films. These include the 1948 film Mr. Blandings Builds His Dream House (sung by both Cary Grant and Myrna Loy), the 1967 off-Broadway musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown (sung by the cast as a glee club rehearsal number), the 1980 film Where the Buffalo Roam (sung by Neil Young over the opening credits), the 2009 film The Messenger (sung by Willie Nelson over the closing credits), and the 1946 western film Colorado Serenade (sung by actor Roscoe Ates).
The song has naturally also made its way into screen shorts for children and adults, as in the 1954 Looney Tunes cartoon Claws for Alarm, where it is sung by Porky Pig. Likewise, Bugs Bunny sings the song in both The Fair-Haired Hare (1951) and Oily Hare (1952), the latter containing original lyrics specific to Texas oilmen.
In the 2010 video game Fallout: New Vegas, a version of this song titled "Home on the Wastes" appears, with the lyrics referring to a nice, radiation-free place to live. In the altered lyrics, the original animals mentioned in the older versions, such as buffalo, deer, antelope, and prairie dogs, are replaced with bighorners, mole rats, fire geckos, and radscorpions.
Major versions compared[edit]
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Dr. Brewster Higley (1920, 1927, 1960) William and Mary Goodwin (1904) John A. Lomax (1910)
Oh, give me a home where the Buffalo roam
Where the Deer and the Antelope play;
Where seldom is heard a discouraging word,
And the sky is not cloudy all day.
Chorus
Home, home on the range,
Where the Deer and the Antelope play,
Where seldom is heard a discouraging word,
And the sky is not cloudy all day.
Oh! give me a land where the bright diamond sand
Throws its light from the glittering streams,
Where glideth along the graceful white swan,
Like the maid in her heavenly dreams.[15]
Chorus
Oh! give me a gale of the Solomon vale,
Where the life streams with buoyancy flow;
On the banks of the Beaver, where seldom if ever,
Any poisonous herbage doth grow.
Chorus
How often at night, when the heavens were bright,
With the light of the twinkling stars
Have I stood here amazed, and asked as I gazed,
If their glory exceeds that of ours.
Chorus
I love the wild flowers in this bright land of ours,
I love the wild curlew's shrill scream;
The bluffs and white rocks, and antelope flocks
That graze on the mountains so green.
Chorus
The air is so pure and the breezes so fine,
The zephyrs so balmy and light,
That I would not exchange my home here to range
Forever in azures so bright.
Chorus
Oh, give me a home where the buffalo roam,
Where the deer and the antelope play;
There seldom is heard a discouraging word
And the sky is not cloudy all day.
Chorus
A home, a home
Where the deer and the antelope play,
There seldom is heard a discouraging word
And the sky is not cloudy all day.
Yes, give me the gleam of the swift mountain stream
And the place where no hurricane blows;
Oh, give me the park where the prairie dogs bark
And the mountain all covered with snow.
Chorus
Oh, give me the hills and the ring of the drills
And the rich silver ore in the ground;
Yes, give me the gulch where the miner can sluice
And the bright, yellow gold can be found.
Chorus
Oh, give me the mine where the prospectors find
The gold in its own native land;
And the hot springs below where the sick people go
And camp on the banks of the Grande.
Chorus
Oh, give me the steed and the gun that I need
To shoot game for my own cabin home;
Then give me the camp where the fire is the lamp
And the wild Rocky Mountains to roam.
Chorus
Yes, give me the home where the prospectors roam
Their business is always alive
In these wild western hills midst the ring of the drills
Oh, there let me live till I die.
Chorus
Oh, give me a home where the buffalo roam,
And the deer and the antelope play,
Where seldom is heard a discouraging word
And the skies are not cloudy all day.
Chorus
Home, home on the range,
Where the deer and the antelope play;
Where seldom is heard a discouraging word
And the skies are not cloudy all day.
Where the air is so pure, the zephyrs so free,
The breezes so balmy and light,
That I would not exchange my home on the range
For all of the cities so bright.
Chorus
The red man was pressed from this part of the West
He's likely no more to return,
To the banks of Red River where seldom if ever
Their flickering camp-fires burn.
Chorus
How often at night when the heavens are bright
With the light from the glittering stars
Have I stood here amazed and asked as I gazed
If their glory exceeds that of ours.
Chorus
Oh, I love these wild prairies where I roam
The curlew I love to hear scream,
And I love the white rocks and the antelope flocks
That graze on the mountain-tops green.
Chorus
Oh, give me a land where the bright diamond sand
Flows leisurely down the stream;
Where the graceful white swan goes gliding along
Like a maid in a heavenly dream.
Chorus
Home on the Range
A recording of the song from Raiford Penitentiary, Florida, 1939.
Problems playing this file? See media help.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/home-on-the-range/17165
Jump up ^ International, Rotary (September 1955). "Home on the Range". The Rotarian: 40.
Jump up ^ Western Writers of America (2010). "The Top 100 Western Songs". American Cowboy. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Kansas Historical Society: Home on the Range". Kansas Historical Society.
^ Jump up to: a b Pulver, Florence (1946). "Re: Home on the Range". The Rotarian. 68 (2): 2–3, 54. Dr. Spaeth accepted this later Spaeth 1948, p. 205
Jump up ^ "Home on the Range". Kansas Historical Society.
Jump up ^ Spaeth, Sigmund Gottfried (1948). A History of Popular Music in America. New York: Random House. p. 205.
Jump up ^ "Kansas Historical Society: Home on the Range History". Kansas Historical Society. April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Silber, Irwin, ed. (1967). Songs of the Great American West. New York: Macmillan. pp. 221–223. OCLC 1268417.
Jump up ^ Harris, Cecilia (2014). "A Symbolic State: Home on the Range" (PDF). Kansas! Magazine. 2014 (Spring): 17–26, page 19. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. International Club Crosby. Retrieved April 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Pop Memories 1890-1954. Wisconsin: Record Research inc. p. 104. ISBN 0-89820-083-0.
^ Jump up to: a b Giddins, Gary (2001). A Pocketful of Dreams. New York: Little, Brown & Co. pp. 338–339. ISBN 0-316-88188--0.
Jump up ^ "A Bing Crosby Discography". BING magazine. Retrieved November 23, 2015.
Jump up ^ Flatt, Christina. "10 of the Best Cowboy Songs". www.rtpr.com. Real Time Pain Relief. Retrieved 9 June 2016.

External links[edit]
Lickteig, Steve (29 April 2002). "Home on the Range, Present at the Creation". NPR (National Public Radio). Archived from the original on 6 February 2007. "Home on the Range, Present at the Creation (audio clip)". NPR (National Public Radio).
McCool, John (25 May 2004). "Roam Is Where The Heart Is (Day in History: June 30, 1947)". Kansas History Online. Archived from the original on 21 June 2007.
(for additional history) "Kansas Sights: "Home on the Range"". University of Kansas. Archived from the original on 12 July 2004.
Brewster Higley Ohio Historical Marker
Home on the Range Cabin, cabin near Athol, Kansas where the song Home on the Range was written.
The sheet music
free-scores.com
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