text:
Myosin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Part of the myosin II structure. Atoms in the heavy chain are colored pink (on the left-hand side); atoms in the light chains are colored faded-orange and faded-yellow (also on the left-hand side).
Myosins (/ˈmaɪəsɪn, -oʊ-/[1][2]) are a superfamily of motor proteins best known for their roles in muscle contraction and in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes. They are ATP-dependent and responsible for actin-based motility. The term was originally used to describe a group of similar ATPases found in the cells of both striated muscle tissue and smooth muscle tissue.[3] Following the discovery by Pollard and Korn (1973) of enzymes with myosin-like function in Acanthamoeba castellanii, a global range of divergent myosin genes have been discovered throughout the realm of eukaryotes.
Although myosin was originally thought to be restricted to muscle cells (hence myo-(s) + -in), there is no single "myosin"; rather it is a very large superfamily of genes whose protein products share the basic properties of actin binding, ATP hydrolysis (ATPase enzyme activity), and force transduction. Virtually all eukaryotic cells contain myosin isoforms. Some isoforms have specialized functions in certain cell types (such as muscle), while other isoforms are ubiquitous. The structure and function of myosin is globally conserved across species, to the extent that rabbit muscle myosin II will bind to actin from an amoeba.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Structure and function
1.1 Domains
1.2 Power stroke
2 Nomenclature, evolution, and the family tree
2.1 Myosin classes
2.1.1 Myosin I
2.1.2 Myosin II
2.1.3 Myosin III
2.1.4 Myosin IV
2.1.5 Myosin V
2.1.6 Myosin VI
2.1.7 Myosin VII
2.1.8 Myosin VIII
2.1.9 Myosin IX
2.1.10 Myosin X
2.1.11 Myosin XI
2.1.12 Myosin XII
2.1.13 Myosin XIII
2.1.14 Myosin XIV
2.1.15 Myosin XV
2.1.16 Myosin XVI
2.1.17 Myosin XVII
2.1.18 Myosin XVIII
3 Genes in humans
4 Paramyosin
5 See also
6 References
7 Further reading
8 Additional images
9 External links
Structure and function[edit]
Domains[edit]
Most myosin molecules are composed of a head, neck, and tail domain.
The head domain binds the filamentous actin, and uses ATP hydrolysis to generate force and to "walk" along the filament towards the barbed (+) end (with the exception of myosin VI, which moves towards the pointed (-) end).
the neck domain acts as a linker and as a lever arm for transducing force generated by the catalytic motor domain. The neck domain can also serve as a binding site for myosin light chains which are distinct proteins that form part of a macromolecular complex and generally have regulatory functions.
The tail domain generally mediates interaction with cargo molecules and/or other myosin subunits. In some cases, the tail domain may play a role in regulating motor activity.
Power stroke[edit]
Main article: Muscle contraction
Multiple myosin II molecules generate force in skeletal muscle through a power stroke mechanism fuelled by the energy released from ATP hydrolysis.[5] The power stroke occurs at the release of phosphate from the myosin molecule after the ATP hydrolysis while myosin is tightly bound to actin. The effect of this release is a conformational change in the molecule that pulls against the actin. The release of the ADP molecule leads to the so-called rigor state of myosin.[6] The binding of a new ATP molecule will release myosin from actin. ATP hydrolysis within the myosin will cause it to bind to actin again to repeat the cycle. The combined effect of the myriad power strokes causes the muscle to contract.
Nomenclature, evolution, and the family tree[edit]
Myosin unrooted phylogenetic tree
The wide variety of myosin genes found throughout the eukaryotic phyla were named according to different schemes as they were discovered. The nomenclature can therefore be somewhat confusing when attempting to compare the functions of myosin proteins within and between organisms.
Skeletal muscle myosin, the most conspicuous of the myosin superfamily due to its abundance in muscle fibers, was the first to be discovered. This protein makes up part of the sarcomere and forms macromolecular filaments composed of multiple myosin subunits. Similar filament-forming myosin proteins were found in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and nonmuscle cells. However, beginning in the 1970s, researchers began to discover new myosin genes in simple eukaryotes[3] encoding proteins that acted as monomers and were therefore entitled Class I myosins. These new myosins were collectively termed "unconventional myosins"[7] and have been found in many tissues other than muscle. These new superfamily members have been grouped according to phylogenetic relationships derived from a comparison of the amino acid sequences of their head domains, with each class being assigned a Roman numeral[8][9][10][11] (see phylogenetic tree). The unconventional myosins also have divergent tail domains, suggesting unique functions.[12] The now diverse array of myosins likely evolved from an ancestral precursor (see picture).
Analysis of the amino acid sequences of different myosins shows great variability among the tail domains, but strong conservation of head domain sequences. Presumably this is so the myosins may interact, via their tails, with a large number of different cargoes, while the goal in each case – to move along actin filaments – remains the same and therefore requires the same machinery in the motor. For example, the human genome contains over 40 different myosin genes.
These differences in shape also determine the speed at which myosins can move along actin filaments. The hydrolysis of ATP and the subsequent release of the phosphate group causes the "power stroke," in which the "lever arm" or "neck" region of the heavy chain is dragged forward. Since the power stroke always moves the lever arm by the same angle, the length of the lever arm determines the displacement of the cargo relative to the actin filament. A longer lever arm will cause the cargo to traverse a greater distance even though the lever arm undergoes the same angular displacement – just as a person with longer legs can move farther with each individual step. The velocity of a myosin motor depends upon the rate at which it passes through a complete kinetic cycle of ATP binding to the release of ADP.
Myosin classes[edit]
Myosin I[edit]
Myosin I, a ubiquitous cellular protein, functions as monomer and functions in vesicle transport.[13] It has step size of 10 nm and has been implicated as being responsible for the adaptation response of the stereocilia in the inner ear.[14]
Myosin II[edit]
Sliding filament model of muscle contraction.
Myosin II (also known as conventional myosin) is the myosin type responsible for producing muscle contraction in muscle cells.
Myosin II contains two heavy chains, each about 2000 amino acids in length, which constitute the head and tail domains. Each of these heavy chains contains the N-terminal head domain, while the C-terminal tails take on a coiled-coil morphology, holding the two heavy chains together (imagine two snakes wrapped around each other, as in a caduceus). Thus, myosin II has two heads. The intermediate neck domain is the region creating the angle between the head and tail.[15] In smooth muscle, a single gene (MYH11[16]) codes for the heavy chains myosin II, but splice variants of this gene result in four distinct isoforms.[15]
It also contains 4 myosin light chains (MLC), resulting in 2 per head, weighing 20 (MLC20) and 17 (MLC17) kDa.[15] These bind the heavy chains in the "neck" region between the head and tail.
The MLC20 is also known as the regulatory light chain and actively participates in muscle contraction.[15]
The MLC17 is also known as the essential light chain.[15] Its exact function is unclear, but is believed to contribute to the structural stability of the myosin head along with MLC20.[15] Two variants of MLC17 (MLC17a/b) exist as a result of alternative splicing at the MLC17 gene.[15]
In muscle cells, the long coiled-coil tails of the individual myosin molecules join together, forming the thick filaments of the sarcomere. The force-producing head domains stick out from the side of the thick filament, ready to walk along the adjacent actin-based thin filaments in response to the proper chemical signals.
Further information: Muscle contraction
Further information: Meromyosin
Myosin III[edit]
Myosin III is a poorly understood member of the myosin family. It has been studied in vivo in the eyes of Drosophila, where it is thought to play a role in phototransduction.[17] A human homologue gene for myosin III, MYO3A, has been uncovered through the Human Genome Project and is expressed in the retina and cochlea.[18]
Myosin IV[edit]
Myosin IV has a single IQ motif and a tail that lacks any coiled-coil forming sequence. It has homology similar to the tail domains of Myosin VII and XV.[19]
Myosin V[edit]
Crystal structure of myosin V motor with essential light chain – nucleotide-free
Myosin V is an unconventional myosin motor, which is processive as a dimer and has a step size of 36 nm.[20] It translocates (walks) along actin filaments traveling towards the barbed end (+ end) of the filaments. Myosin V is involved in the transport of cargo (e.g. RNA, vesicles, organelles, mitochondria) from the center of the cell to the periphery, but has been furthermore shown to act like a dynamic tether, retaining vesicles and organelles in the actin-rich periphery of cells.[21][22] A recent single molecule in vitro reconstitution study on assembling actin filaments suggests that Myosin V travels farther on newly assembling (ADP-Pi rich) F-actin, while processive runlengths are shorter on older (ADP-rich) F-actin.[23]
Myosin VI[edit]
State of myosin VI from PDB 2V26 before the power stroke [24]
Myosin VI is an unconventional myosin motor, which is primarily processive as a dimer, but also acts as a nonprocessive monomer. It walks along actin filaments, travelling towards the pointed end (- end) of the filaments.[25] Myosin VI is thought to transport endocytic vesicles into the cell.[26]
Myosin VII[edit]
Myosin VII is an unconventional myosin with two FERM domains in the tail region. It has an extended lever arm consisting of five calmodulin binding IQ motifs followed by a single alpha helix (SAH).[27] Myosin VII is required for phagocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum, spermatogenesis in C. elegans and stereocilia formation in mice and zebrafish.[28]
Myosin VIII[edit]
Myosin VIII is a plant-specific myosin linked to cell division;[29] specifically, it is involved in regulating the flow of cytoplasm between cells[30] and in the localization of vesicles to the phragmoplast.[31]
Myosin IX[edit]
Myosin IX is a group of single-headed motor proteins. It was first shown to be minus-end directed,[32] but a later study showed that it is plus-end directed.[33] The movement mechanism for this myosin is poorly understood.
Myosin X[edit]
Myosin X is an unconventional myosin motor, which is functional as a dimer. The dimerization of myosin X is thought to be antiparallel.[34] This behavior has not been observed in other myosins. In mammalian cells, the motor is found to localize to filopodia. Myosin X walks towards the barbed ends of filaments. Some research suggests it preferentially walks on bundles of actin, rather than single filaments.[35] It is the first myosin motor found to exhibit this behavior.
Myosin XI[edit]
Myosin XI directs the movement of organelles such as plastids and mitochondria in plant cells.[36] It is responsible for the light-directed movement of chloroplasts according to light intensity and the formation of stromules interconnecting different plastids.
Myosin XII[edit]
Myosin XIII[edit]
Myosin XIV[edit]
This myosin group has been found in the Apicomplexa phylum.[37] The myosins localize to plasma membranes of the intracellular parasites and may then be involved in the cell invasion process.[38]
This myosin is also found in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermaphila. Known functions include: transporting phagosomes to the nucleus and perturbing the developmentally regulated elimination of the macronucleus during conjugation.
Myosin XV[edit]
Myosin XV is necessary for the development of the actin core structure of the non-motile stereocilia located in the inner ear. It is thought to be functional as a monomer.
Myosin XVI[edit]
Myosin XVII[edit]
Myosin XVIII[edit]
Genes in humans[edit]
Note that not all of these genes are active.
Class I: MYO1A, MYO1B, MYO1C, MYO1D, MYO1E, MYO1F, MYO1G, MYO1H
Class II: MYH1, MYH2, MYH3, MYH4, MYH6, MYH7, MYH7B, MYH8, MYH9, MYH10, MYH11, MYH13, MYH14, MYH15, MYH16
Class III: MYO3A, MYO3B
Class V: MYO5A, MYO5B, MYO5C
Class VI: MYO6
Class VII: MYO7A, MYO7B
Class IX: MYO9A, MYO9B
Class X: MYO10
Class XV: MYO15A
Class XVIII: MYO18A, MYO18B
Myosin light chains are distinct and have their own properties. They are not considered "myosins" but are components of the macromolecular complexes that make up the functional myosin enzymes.
Light chain: MYL1, MYL2, MYL3, MYL4, MYL5, MYL6, MYL6B, MYL7, MYL9, MYLIP, MYLK, MYLK2, MYLL1
Paramyosin[edit]
Paramyosin is a large, 93-115kDa muscle protein that has been described in a number of diverse invertebrate phyla.[39] Invertebrate thick filaments are thought to be composed of an inner paramyosin core surrounded by myosin. The myosin interacts with actin, resulting in fibre contraction.[40] Paramyosin is found in many different invertebrate species, for example, Brachiopoda, Sipunculidea, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arachnida, and Insecta.[39] Paramyosin is responsible for the "catch" mechanism that enables sustained contraction of muscles with very little energy expenditure, such that a clam can remain closed for extended periods.
See also[edit]
Actin
Motor protein
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Myosin". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
Jump up ^ "myosin - definition of myosin in English from the Oxford dictionary". OxfordDictionaries.com. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
^ Jump up to: a b Pollard, Thomas D.; Korn, Edward D. (1973). "Acanthamoeba myosin. I. Isolation from Acanthamoeba castellanii of an enzyme similar to muscle myosin." The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 248 (13): 4682–90. PMID 4268863.
Jump up ^ McMahon, T. A. 1984. Muscles, Reflexes and Locomotion. 1st Edition. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-02376-2
Jump up ^ Tyska, Matthew J.; Warshaw, David M. (2002). "The myosin power stroke". Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton. 51 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1002/cm.10014. PMID 11810692.
Jump up ^ von der Ecken, J.; Heissler, Sarah M.; Pathan-Chhatbar, S.; Manstein, D.J.; Raunser, S. (2016). "Cryo-EM structure of a human cytoplasmic actomyosin complex at near-atomic resolution". Nature. 534 (7609): 724–728. doi:10.1038/nature18295. PMID 27324845.
Jump up ^ Cheney, Richard E.; Mooseker, Mark S. (1992). "Unconventional myosins". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 4 (1): 27–35. doi:10.1016/0955-0674(92)90055-H. PMID 1558751.
Jump up ^ Cheney, Richard E.; Riley, Margaret A.; Mooseker, Mark S. (1993). "Phylogenetic analysis of the myosin superfamily". Cell motility and the cytoskeleton. 24 (4): 215–23. doi:10.1002/cm.970240402. PMID 8477454.
Jump up ^ Goodson, HV (1994). "Molecular evolution of the myosin superfamily: application of phylogenetic techniques to cell biological questions". Society of General Physiologists series. 49: 141–57. PMID 7939893.
Jump up ^ Hodge, Tony; Cope, M. Jamie T. V. (2000). "A myosin family tree". Journal of Cell Science. 113 (19): 3353–4. PMID 10984423.
Jump up ^ Berg, Jonathan S.; Powell, Bradford C.; Cheney, Richard E. (2001). "A Millennial Myosin Census". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 12 (4): 780–94. doi:10.1091/mbc.12.4.780. PMC 32266  . PMID 11294886.
Jump up ^ Oliver, T. N.; Berg, J. S.; Cheney, R. E. (1999). "Tails of unconventional myosins". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 56 (3–4): 243–57. doi:10.1007/s000180050426. PMID 11212352.
Jump up ^ Sutherland Macive (June 4, 2003). "Myosin I". Archived from the original on June 2, 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-23.
Jump up ^ Batters, Christopher; Arthur, Christopher P; Lin, Abel; Porter, Jessica; Geeves, Michael A; Milligan, Ronald A; Molloy, Justin E; Coluccio, Lynne M (2004). "Myo1c is designed for the adaptation response in the inner ear". The EMBO Journal. 23 (7): 1433–40. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600169. PMC 391074  . PMID 15014434.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Aguilar, H. N.; Mitchell, S.; Knoll, A. H.; Yuan, X. (2010). "Physiological pathways and molecular mechanisms regulating uterine contractility". Human Reproduction Update. 16 (6): 725–744. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq016. PMID 20551073.
Jump up ^ Matsuoka, R.; Yoshida, M. C.; Furutani, Y.; Imamura, S. I.; Kanda, N.; Yanagisawa, M.; Masaki, T.; Takao, A. (1993). "Human smooth muscle myosin heavy chain gene mapped to chromosomal region 16q12". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 46 (1): 61–67. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320460110. PMID 7684189.
Jump up ^ http://www.bms.ed.ac.uk/research/others/smaciver/Myosin%20III.htm
Jump up ^ EntrezGene 53904
Jump up ^ Sellers, James R. (2000). "Myosins: a Diverse Superfamily". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1496 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(00)00005-7. PMID 10722873.
Jump up ^ Mehta, Amit D.; Ronald S. Rock; Matthias Rief; James A. Spudich; Mark S. Mooseker; Richard E. Cheney (5 August 1999). "Myosin-V is a processive actin-based motor". Nature. 400 (6744): 590–593. doi:10.1038/23072. PMID 10448864.
Jump up ^ Lecuona, E.; Minin, A.; Trejo, H. E.; Chen, J.; Comellas, A. P.; Sun, H.; Grillo, D.; Nekrasova, O. E.; Welch, L. C.; Szleifer, I.; Gelfand, V. I.; Sznajder, J. I. (6 October 2009). "Myosin-Va restrains the trafficking of Na+/K+-ATPase-containing vesicles in alveolar epithelial cells". Journal of Cell Science. 122 (21): 3915–3922. doi:10.1242/jcs.046953. PMC 2773192  . PMID 19808891.
Jump up ^ Hammer, John A.; Sellers, James R. (2012-01-01). "Walking to work: roles for class V myosins as cargo transporters". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 13 (1): 13–26. doi:10.1038/nrm3248. ISSN 1471-0072. PMID 22146746.
Jump up ^ Zimmermann, D; Santos, A; Kovar, DR; Rock, RS. "Actin Age Orchestrates Myosin-5 and Myosin-6 Run Lengths". Current Biology. 25: 2057–2062. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.033. PMC 4556227  . PMID 26190073. Retrieved 2015-12-13.
Jump up ^ Ménétrey J, Llinas P, Mukherjea M, Sweeney HL, Houdusse A (2007). "The structural basis for the large powerstroke of myosin VI". Cell. 131 (2): 300–8. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.027. PMID 17956731.
Jump up ^ Buss, Folma; Kendrick-Jones, John (2008). "How are the cellular functions of myosin VI regulated within the cell?". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 369 (1): 165–175. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.150. PMC 2635068  . PMID 18068125.
Jump up ^ Buss, Folma; Spudich, Giulietta; Kendrick-Jones, John (2004). "MYOSIN VI: Cellular Functions and Motor Properties". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 20: 649–76. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.20.012103.094243. PMID 15473855.
Jump up ^ Structure. 2017 Apr 4;25(4):579-591.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2017.02.002. Epub 2017 Mar 2.
Jump up ^ Schliwa, Manfred, ed. (2003). Molecular Motors. Wiley-VCH. pp. 516, 518. ISBN 3-527-30594-7.
Jump up ^ Reddy, Anireddy S. N.; Day, Irene S. (2001). "Analysis of the myosins encoded in the recently completed Arabidopsis thaliana genome sequence". Genome Biology. 2 (7): RESEARCH0024. doi:10.1186/gb-2001-2-7-research0024. PMC 55321  . PMID 11516337.
Jump up ^ Baluka, František; Cvrčková, Fatima; Kendrick-Jones, John; Volkmann, Dieter (2001). "Sink Plasmodesmata as Gateways for Phloem Unloading. Myosin VIII and Calreticulin as Molecular Determinants of Sink Strength?". Plant Physiology. 126 (1): 39–46. doi:10.1104/pp.126.1.39. PMC 1540107  . PMID 11351069.
Jump up ^ Reichelt, Stefanie; Knight, Alex E.; Hodge, Tony P.; Baluska, Frantisek; Samaj, Jozef; Volkmann, Dieter; Kendrick-Jones, John (1999). "Characterization of the unconventional myosin VIII in plant cells and its localization at the post-cytokinetic cell wall". The Plant journal. 19 (5): 555–67. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00553.x. PMID 10504577.
Jump up ^ Inoue, Akira; Saito, Junya; Ikebe, Reiko; Ikebe, Mitsuo (2002). "Myosin IXb is a single-headed minus-end-directed processive motor". Nature Cell Biology. 4 (4): 302–6. doi:10.1038/ncb774. PMID 11901422.
Jump up ^ O'Connell, Christopher; Mooseker, Mark (2003). "Native Myosin-IXb is a plus-, not a minus-end-directed motor". Nature Cell Biology. 5 (2): 171–2. doi:10.1038/ncb924. PMID 12563277.
Jump up ^ Lu, Qing; Ye, Fei; Wei, Zhiyi; Wen, Zilong; Zhang, Mingjie (2012). "Antiparallel coiled-coil–mediated dimerization of myosin X". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (43): 17388–17393. doi:10.1073/pnas.1208642109. PMC 3491486  . PMID 23012428.
Jump up ^ Virginie Ropars et al. (2016). "The myosin X motor is optimized for movement on actin bundles". Nature Communications. 7. doi:10.1038/ncomms12456. CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter (link) CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link)
Jump up ^ Sattarzadeh, A.; Krahmer, J.; Germain, A. D.; Hanson, M. R. (2009). "A Myosin XI Tail Domain Homologous to the Yeast Myosin Vacuole-Binding Domain Interacts with Plastids and Stromules in Nicotiana benthamiana". Molecular Plant. 2 (6): 1351–8. doi:10.1093/mp/ssp094. PMID 19995734.
Jump up ^ Delbac, F.; Sänger, A; Neuhaus, EM; Stratmann, R; Ajioka, JW; Toursel, C; Herm-Götz, A; Tomavo, S; Soldati, T (2001). "Toxoplasma gondii myosins B/C: one gene, two tails, two localizations, and a role in parasite division". The Journal of Cell Biology. 155 (4): 613–23. doi:10.1083/jcb.200012116. PMC 2198869  . PMID 11706051.
Jump up ^ Hettmann, Christine; Herm, Angelika; Geiter, Ariane; Frank, Bernd; Schwarz, Eva; Soldati, Thierry; Soldati, Dominique (2000). "A Dibasic Motif in the Tail of a Class XIV Apicomplexan Myosin Is an Essential Determinant of Plasma Membrane Localization". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 11 (4): 1385–400. doi:10.1091/mbc.11.4.1385. PMC 14854  . PMID 10749937.
^ Jump up to: a b Winkelman, L (1976). "Comparative studies of paramyosins". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B. 55 (3): 391–7. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(76)90310-2.
Jump up ^ Twarog, B. M. (1976). "Aspects of smooth muscle function in molluscan catch muscle". Physiological Reviews. 56 (4): 829–38. doi:10.1152/physrev.1976.56.4.829. PMID 185635.
Further reading[edit]
Gavin, R.H. (2001). "Myosins in protists". A Survey of Cell Biology. International Review of Cytology. 206. pp. 97–134. doi:10.1016/S0074-7696(01)06020-X. ISBN 978-0-12-364610-1.
Mooseker, M S; Cheney, R E (1995). "Unconventional Myosins". Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 11: 633–75. doi:10.1146/annurev.cb.11.110195.003221. PMID 8689571.
Sellers, J (2000). "Myosins: a diverse superfamily". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 1496 (1): 3–22. doi:10.1016/S0167-4889(00)00005-7. PMID 10722873.
Soldati, Thierry; Geissler, Heidrun; Schwarz, Eva C. (1999). "How many is enough? exploring the myosin repertoire in the model eukaryoteDictyostelium discoideum". Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics. 30 (3): 389–411. doi:10.1007/BF02738121. PMID 10403058.
Molecular Biology of the Cell. Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts, and Walter. 4th Edition. 949–952.
Additional images[edit]
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Myosins.
MBInfo – Myosin Isoforms
MBInfo – The Myosin Powerstroke
Myosin Video A video of a moving myosin motor protein.
Myosins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
The Myosin Homepage
http://cellimages.ascb.org/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4041coll12&CISOPTR=101&CISOBOX=1&REC=2[dead link] Animation of a moving myosin motor protein
EC 3.6.4.1
3D macromolecular structures of myosin from the EM Data Bank(EMDB)
[show]
v
t
e
Proteins of the cytoskeleton
Human
Microfilaments
and ABPs
Myofilament
Actins
A1
A2
B
C1
G1
G2
Myosins
I
MYO1A
MYO1B
MYO1C
MYO1D
MYO1E
MYO1F
MYO1G
MYO1H)
II
MYH1
MYH2
MYH3
MYH4
MYH6
MYH7
MYH7B
MYH8
MYH9
MYH10
MYH11
MYH13
MYH14
MYH15
MYH16
III
MYO3A
MYO3B
V
MYO5A
MYO5B
MYO5C
VI
MYO6
VII
MYO7A
MYO7B
IX
MYO9A
MYO9B
X
MYO10
XV
MYO15A
XVIII
MYO18A
MYO18B
LC
MYL1
MYL2
MYL3
MYL4
MYL5
MYL6
MYL6B
MYL7
MYL9
MYLIP
MYLK
MYLK2
MYLL1
Other
Tropomodulin
1
2
3
4
Troponin
T 1 2 3
C 1 2
I 1 2 3
Tropomyosin
1
2
3
4
Actinin
1
2
3
4
Arp2/3 complex
actin depolymerizing factors
Cofilin
1
2
Destrin
Gelsolin
Profilin
1
2
Titin
Other
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein
Fibrillin
Filamin
FLNA
FLNB
FLNC
Espin
TRIOBP
Intermediate
filaments
Type 1/2
(Keratin,
Cytokeratin)
Epithelial keratins
(soft alpha-keratins)
type I/chromosome 17
10
12
13
14
15
16
17
19
20
chromosome 12
18
none
21
type II/chromosome 12
1
2A
3
4
5
6A
6B
7
8
9
Hair keratins
(hard alpha-keratins)
type I/chromosome 17
31
32
33A
33B
34
35
36
37
38
type II/chromosome 12
81
82
83
84
85
86
Ungrouped alpha
chromosome 17
23
24
25
26
27
28
39
40
chromosome 12
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
Not alpha
Beta-keratin
Type 3
Desmin
GFAP
Peripherin
Vimentin
Type 4
Internexin
Nestin
Neurofilament
NEFL
NEFM
NEFH
Synemin
Syncoilin
Type 5
Nuclear lamins: A/C
B1
B2
Microtubules
and MAPs
Kinesins
KIF1A
KIF1B
KIF2A
KIF2C
KIF3B
KIF3C
KIF4A
KIF4B
KIF5A
KIF5B
KIF5C
KIF6
KIF7
KIF9
KIF11
KIF12
KIF13A
KIF13B
KIF14
KIF15
KIF16B
KIF17
KIF18A
KIF18B
KIF19
KIF20A
KIF20B
KIF21A
KIF21B
KIF22
KIF23
KIF24
KIF25
KIF26A
KIF26B
KIF27
KIFC1
KIFC2
KIFC3
Dyneins
axonemal: DNAH1
DNAH2
DNAH3
DNAH5
DNAH6
DNAH7
DNAH8
DNAH9
DNAH10
DNAH11
DNAH12
DNAH13
DNAH14
DNAH17
DNAI1
DNAI2
DNALI1
DNAL1
DNAL4
cytoplasmic: DYNC1H1
DYNC2H1
DYNC1I1
DYNC1I2
DYNC1LI1
DYNC1LI2
DYNC2LI1
DYNLL1
DYNLL2
DYNLRB1
DYNLRB2
DYNLT1
DYNLT3
Other
Tau protein
Dynactin
DCTN1
Tubulins
TUBA1A
TUBA1B
TUBA1C
TUBA3C
TUBA3D
TUBA3E
TUBA4A
TUBA8
Stathmin
Tektin
TEKT1
TEKT2
TEKT3
TEKT4
TEKT5
Dynamin
DNM1
DNM2
DNM3
Catenins
Alpha catenin
Beta catenin
APC
Plakoglobin (gamma catenin)
Delta catenin
GAN
Membrane
Dystrophin
Dystroglycan
Utrophin
Ankyrin
ANK1
ANK2
ANK3
Spectrin
SPTA1
SPTAN1
SPTB
SPTBN1
SPTBN2
SPTBN4
SPTBN5
Other
Plakins
Corneodesmosin
Desmoplakin
Dystonin
Envoplakin
MACF1
Periplakin
Plectin
Talin
TLN1
Vinculin
Plakophilin
PKP1
PKP2
Nonhuman
Major sperm proteins
Prokaryotic cytoskeleton
Crescentin
FtsZ
MreB
See also: cytoskeletal defects
[show]
v
t
e
Hydrolases: acid anhydride hydrolases (EC 3.6)
3.6.1
Pyrophosphatase
Inorganic
Thiamine
Apyrase
Thiamine-triphosphatase
3.6.2
Adenylylsulfatase
Phosphoadenylylsulfatase
3.6.3-4: ATPase
3.6.3
Cu++ (3.6.3.4)
Menkes/ATP7A
Wilson/ATP7B
Ca+ (3.6.3.8)
SERCA
ATP2A1
ATP2A2
ATP2A3
Plasma membrane
ATP2B1
ATP2B2
ATP2B3
ATP2B4
SPCA
ATP2C1
ATP2C2
Na+/K+ (3.6.3.9)
ATP1A1
ATP1A2
ATP1A3
ATP1A4
ATP1B1
ATP1B2
ATP1B3
ATP1B4
H+/K+ (3.6.3.10)
ATP4A
Other P-type ATPase
ATP8B1
ATP10A
ATP11B
ATP12A
ATP13A2
ATP13A3
3.6.4
Dynein
Kinesin
Myosin
Katanin
3.6.5: GTPase
3.6.5.1: Heterotrimeric G protein
Gαs
Gαi
GNAI1
GNAI2
GNAI3
Gαq/11
GNAQ
GNA11
Gα12/13
GNA12
GNA13
Transducin
GNAT1
GNAT2
Gustducin
GNAT3
3.6.5.2: Small GTPase > Ras superfamily
Rho family of GTPases: Cdc42
CDC42
TC10
TCL
RhoUV
RhoU
RhoV
Rac
Rac1
2
3
RhoG
RhoBTB
1
2
RhoH
Rho
A
B
C
Rnd
1
2
3
RhoDF
RhoF
RhoD
other: Ras
HRAS
KRAS
NRAS
Rab
RAB23
RAB27
Arf
ARF6
SAR1B
ARL13B
ARL6
Ran
Rheb
Rap
RGK
3.6.5.3: Protein-synthesizing GTPase
Prokaryotic
IF-2
EF-Tu
EF-G
Eukaryotic
3.6.5.5-6: Polymerization motors
Dynamin
Tubulin
[show]
v
t
e
Muscle tissue
Smooth
muscle
Calmodulin
Vascular smooth muscle
Striated
muscle
Skeletal
muscle
Costamere/
DAPC
Membrane/
extracellular
DAP:
Sarcoglycan
SGCA
SGCB
SGCD
SGCE
SGCG
SGCZ
Dystroglycan
Sarcospan
Laminin, alpha 2
Intracellular
Dystrophin
Dystrobrevin
A
B
Syntrophin
A
B1
B2
G1
G2
Syncoilin
Dysbindin
Synemin/desmuslin
related:
NOS1
Caveolin 3
Sarcomere/
(a, i, and h bands;
z and m lines)
Myofilament
thin filament/actin
thick filament/myosin
elastic filament/titin
nebulin
Tropomyosin
Troponin
T
C
I
Connective tissue
Epimysium
Fascicle
Perimysium
Endomysium
Connective tissue in skeletal muscle
General
Neuromuscular junction
Motor unit
Muscle spindle
Excitation–contraction coupling
Sliding filament mechanism
Cardiac
muscle
Myocardium
Intercalated disc
Nebulette
Both
Fiber
Muscle fiber
intrafusal
extrafusal
Myofibril
Microfilament/Myofilament
Sarcomere
Cells
Myoblast/Myocyte
Myosatellite cell
Other
Desmin
Sarcoplasm
Sarcolemma
T-tubule
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Other/
ungrouped
Myotilin
Telethonin
Dysferlin
Fukutin
Fukutin-related protein
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Myosin&oldid=833600087"
Categories:
Proteins
Motor proteins
Cytoskeleton
Skeletal muscle
Protein superfamilies
Hidden categories:
CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter
CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.
All articles with dead external links
Articles with dead external links from November 2010
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
العربية
Български
Bosanski
Català
Čeština
Deutsch
Español
Euskara
فارسی
Français
Galego
Հայերեն
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Íslenska
Italiano
עברית
Қазақша
Latviešu
Lietuvių
Македонски
Nederlands
日本語
Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Simple English
Slovenčina
کوردی
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
中文
31 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 1 April 2018, at 14:57.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

values: /wiki/File:Myosine.gif internal Enlarge

attrs: class style

values:
/wiki/Protein_subunits
mw-redirect
Protein subunits

values: Edit section: Nomenclature, evolution, and the family tree

values:
/wiki/Muscle_fibers
mw-redirect
Muscle fibers

values:
/wiki/Roman_numeral
mw-redirect
Roman numeral

values:
/wiki/Vesicle_(biology)
mw-redirect
Vesicle (biology)

values:
/wiki/Sliding_filament_model
mw-redirect
Sliding filament model

values:
/wiki/Muscle_cell
mw-redirect
Muscle cell

values:
/wiki/Amino_acids
mw-redirect
Amino acids

values:
/wiki/PubMed_Identifier
mw-redirect
PubMed Identifier

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4268863

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002%2Fcm.10014

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11810692

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature18295

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27324845

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1558751

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002%2Fcm.970240402

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8477454

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7939893

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10984423

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1091%2Fmbc.12.4.780

attrs: alt src title width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11294886

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1007%2Fs000180050426

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11212352

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.emboj.7600169

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15014434

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1093%2Fhumupd%2Fdmq016

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551073

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1002%2Fajmg.1320460110

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7684189

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722873

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038%2F23072

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10448864

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1242%2Fjcs.046953

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19808891

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrm3248

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.worldcat.org/issn/1471-0072

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22146746

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cub.2015.06.033

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26190073

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2007.08.027

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17956731

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2007.11.150

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18068125

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15473855

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11516337

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1104%2Fpp.126.1.39

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11351069

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10504577

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038%2Fncb774

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11901422

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038%2Fncb924

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12563277

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1208642109

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23012428

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms12456

values: Category:CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter

values: Category:CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al.

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1093%2Fmp%2Fssp094

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19995734

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1083%2Fjcb.200012116

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11706051

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1091%2Fmbc.11.4.1385

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10749937

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/185635

values: -moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8689571

values:
nofollow
external text
//doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02738121

values:
nofollow
external text
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10403058

values:
nofollow
external text
https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/3.6.4.1

values:
nofollow
external text
http://www.pdbe.org/emsearch/myosin*

values:
/wiki/Actinin,_alpha_1
mw-redirect
Actinin, alpha 1

values:
/wiki/Actinin,_alpha_2
mw-redirect
Actinin, alpha 2

values:
/wiki/CFL2_(gene)
mw-redirect
CFL2 (gene)

values:
/wiki/Wiskott-Aldrich_syndrome_protein
mw-redirect
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein

values:
/wiki/Epithelial_keratin
mw-redirect
Epithelial keratin

values:
/wiki/Talin_(protein)
mw-redirect
Talin (protein)

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Skeletal_striated_muscle
mw-redirect
Skeletal striated muscle

values:
/wiki/Sliding_filament_mechanism
mw-redirect
Sliding filament mechanism

values: Category:All articles with dead external links

values: Category:Articles with dead external links from November 2010

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Myosin
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values:
/w/index.php?title=Myosin&action=edit
Edit this page [ctrl-alt-e]
e

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: ميوسين (بروتين) – Arabic

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bg
display: none;

values:
https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miozin
Miozin – Bosnian
bs
bs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-bs
display: none;

values:
https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosina
Miosina – Catalan
ca
ca
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ca
display: none;

values:
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin
Myosin – Czech
cs
cs
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-cs
display: none;

values:
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin
Myosin – German
de
de
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosina
Miosina – Spanish
es
es
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosina
Miosina – Basque
eu
eu
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-eu
display: none;

values: میوزین – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fa
display: none;

values:
https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosine
Myosine – French
fr
fr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosina
Miosina – Galician
gl
gl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-gl
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hy
display: none;

values:
https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miozin
Miozin – Croatian
hr
hr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-hr
display: none;

values:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosin
Miosin – Indonesian
id
id
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-is
display: none;

values:
https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosina
Miosina – Italian
it
it
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-it
display: none;

values: מיוזין – Hebrew

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-he
display: none;

values: Миозин – Kazakh

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-kk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lv
display: none;

values:
https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miozinas
Miozinas – Lithuanian
lt
lt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-mk
display: none;

values:
https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosine
Myosine – Dutch
nl
nl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-nl
display: none;

values:
https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miozin
Miozin – Uzbek
uz
uz
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uz
display: none;

values:
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miozyna
Miozyna – Polish
pl
pl
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-pl
display: none;

values:
https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosina
Miosina – Portuguese
pt
pt
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ro
display: none;

values: Миозин – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-simple
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sk
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb
display: none;

values: Миозин – Serbian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sr
display: none;

values:
https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miozin
Miozin – Serbo-Croatian
sh
sh
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sh
display: none;

values:
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosiini
Myosiini – Finnish
fi
fi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-fi
display: none;

values:
https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin
Myosin – Swedish
sv
sv
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sv
display: none;

values: ไมโอซิน – Thai

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-th
display: none;

values:
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyozin
Miyozin – Turkish
tr
tr
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-tr
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-uk
display: none;

values:
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myosin
Myosin – Vietnamese
vi
vi
interlanguage-link-target

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-vi
display: none;

values: All languages (initial selection from common choices by you and others)

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Myosin rootpage-Myosin skin-vector action-view


text:
Major second
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: Minor second and Diminished third
Step: major second (major tone) Play (help·info).
musical interval
major second
Inverse
minor seventh
Name
Other names
whole tone, whole step
Abbreviation
M2
Size
Semitones
2
Interval class
2
Just interval
9:8[1] or 10:9[1]
Cents
Equal temperament
200[1]
24 equal temperament
200
Just intonation
204[1] or 182[1]
Minor tone (10:9) Play (help·info).
In Western music theory, a major second (sometimes also called whole tone) is a second spanning two semitones ( Play (help·info)). A second is a musical interval encompassing two adjacent staff positions (see Interval number for more details). For example, the interval from C to D is a major second, as the note D lies two semitones above C, and the two notes are notated on adjacent staff positions. Diminished, minor and augmented seconds are notated on adjacent staff positions as well, but consist of a different number of semitones (zero, one, and three).
The major second is the interval that occurs between the first and second degrees of a major scale, the tonic and the supertonic. On a musical keyboard, a major second is the interval between two keys separated by one key, counting white and black keys alike. On a guitar string, it is the interval separated by two frets. In moveable-do solfège, it is the interval between do and re. It is considered a melodic step, as opposed to larger intervals called skips.
Intervals composed of two semitones, such as the major second and the diminished third, are also called tones, whole tones, or whole steps.[2][3][4][5][6][7] In just intonation, major seconds can occur in at least two different frequency ratios:[8] 9:8 (about 203.9 cents) and 10:9 (about 182.4 cents). The largest (9:8) ones are called major tones or greater tones, the smallest (10:9) are called minor tones or lesser tones. Their size differs by exactly one syntonic comma (81:80, or about 21.5 cents). Some equal temperaments, such as 15-ET and 22-ET, also distinguish between a greater and a lesser tone.
The major second was historically considered one of the most dissonant intervals of the diatonic scale, although much 20th-century music saw it reimagined as a consonance. It is common in many different musical systems, including Arabic music, Turkish music and music of the Balkans, among others. It occurs in both diatonic and pentatonic scales.
Listen to a major second in equal temperament (help·info). Here, middle C is followed by D, which is a tone 200 cents sharper than C, and then by both tones together.
Contents
1 Major and minor tones
2 Epogdoon
2.1 Further reading
3 See also
4 References
Major and minor tones[edit]
Origin of large and small seconds and thirds in harmonic series.[9]
Lesser tone on D. Play (help·info)
In tuning systems using just intonation, such as 5-limit tuning, in which major seconds occur in two different sizes, the wider of them is called a major tone or greater tone, and the narrower a minor tone or, lesser tone. The difference in size between a major tone and a minor tone is equal to one syntonic comma (about 21.51 cents).
The major tone is the 9:8 interval[10] play (help·info), and it is an approximation thereof in other tuning systems, while the minor tone is the 10:9 ratio[10] play (help·info). The major tone may be derived from the harmonic series as the interval between the eighth and ninth harmonics. The minor tone may be derived from the harmonic series as the interval between the ninth and tenth harmonics. The 10:9 minor tone arises in the C major scale between D and e and G and A, and is "a sharper dissonance" than 9:8.[11][12] The 9:8 major tone arises in the C major scale between C & D, F & G, and A & B.[11] This 9:8 interval was named epogdoon (meaning 'one eighth in addition') by the Pythagoreans.
Notice that in these tuning systems, a third kind of whole tone, even wider than the major tone, exists. This interval of two semitones, with ratio 256:225, is simply called the diminished third (for further details, see Five-limit tuning#Size of intervals).
Comparison, in cents, of intervals at or near a major second
Some equal temperaments also produce major seconds of two different sizes, called greater and lesser tones (or major and minor tones). For instance, this is true for 15-ET, 22-ET, 34-ET, 41-ET, 53-ET, and 72-ET. Conversely, in twelve-tone equal temperament, Pythagorean tuning, and meantone temperament (including 19-ET and 31-ET) all major seconds have the same size, so there cannot be a distinction between a greater and a lesser tone.
In any system where there is only one size of major second, the terms greater and lesser tone (or major and minor tone) are rarely used with a different meaning. Namely, they are used to indicate the two distinct kinds of whole tone, more commonly and more appropriately called major second (M2) and diminished third (d3). Similarly, major semitones and minor semitones are more often and more appropriately referred to as minor seconds (m2) and augmented unisons (A1), or diatonic and chromatic semitones.
Unlike almost all uses of the terms major and minor, these intervals span the same number of semitones. They both span 2 semitones, while, for example, a major third (4 semitones) and minor third (3 semitones) differ by one semitone. Thus, to avoid ambiguity, it is preferable to call them greater tone and lesser tone (see also greater and lesser diesis).
Two major tones equal a ditone.
Epogdoon[edit]
Diagram showing relations between epogdoon, diatessaron, diapente, and diapason
Translation
Detail of Raphael's School of Athens showing epogdoon diagram
In Pythagorean music theory, the epogdoon (Ancient Greek: ἐπόγδοον) is the interval with the ratio 9 to 8. The word is composed of the prefix epi- meaning "on top of" and ogdoon meaning "one eighth"; so it means "one eighth in addition". For example, the natural numbers are 8 and 9 in this relation (8+( 1 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{8}}} ×8)=9).
According to Plutarch, the Pythagoreans hated the number 17 because it separates the 16 from its Epogdoon 18.[13]
"[Epogdoos] is the 9:8 ratio that corresponds to the tone, [hêmiolios] is the 3:2 ratio that is associated with the musical fifth, and [epitritos] is the 4:3 ratio associated with the musical fourth. It is common to translate epogdoos as 'tone' [major second]."[14]
Further reading[edit]
Barker, Andrew (2007). The Science of Harmonics in Classical Greece. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521879514.
Plutarch (2005). Moralia. Translated by Frank Cole Babbitt. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 9781417905003.
See also[edit]
Whole tone scale
Pythagorean interval
List of meantone intervals
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Duffin, Ross W. (2008). How equal temperament ruined harmony : (and why you should care) (First published as a Norton paperback. ed.). New York: W. W. Norton. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-393-33420-3. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Whole step - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary". Merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2015-02-25.
Jump up ^ "Oxford Dictionaries - Dictionary, Thesaurus, & Grammar". Askoxford.com. 2015-02-11. Retrieved 2015-02-25.
Jump up ^ "Whole step | Define Whole step at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2015-02-25.
Jump up ^ "Whole tone | Define Whole tone at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2015-02-25.
Jump up ^ "The Complete Idiot's Guide to Music Theory - Michael Miller - Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved 2015-02-25.
Jump up ^ "Music Theory For Dummies - Michael Pilhofer, Holly Day - Google Books". Books.google.com. 2011-02-25. Retrieved 2015-02-25.
Jump up ^ Leta E. Miller, Fredric Lieberman (2006). Lou Harrison, p.72. ISBN 0-252-03120-2.
Jump up ^ Leta E. Miller, ed. (1988). Lou Harrison: Selected keyboard and chamber music, 1937-1994, p.xliii. ISBN 978-0-89579-414-7.
^ Jump up to: a b Royal Society (Great Britain) (1880, digitized Feb 26, 2008). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Volume 30, p.531. Harvard University.
^ Jump up to: a b Paul, Oscar (1885)[page needed]
Jump up ^ "A Manual of Harmony for Use in Music-schools and Seminaries and for Self ... - Oscar Paul - Google Books". Books.google.com. 2010-05-25. Retrieved 2015-02-25. [page needed]
Jump up ^ "Plutarch • Isis and Osiris (Part 3 of 5)". Penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2015-02-25.
Jump up ^ "Proclus : Commentary on Plato's Timaeus". Philpapers.org. Retrieved 25 February 2015.
show
v
t
e
Intervals (list)
Numbers in brackets are the number of semitones in the interval.
Fractional semitones are approximate.
Twelve-
semitone
(Western)
Perfect
unison (0)
fourth (5)
fifth (7)
octave (12)
Major
second (2)
third (4)
sixth (9)
seventh (11)
Minor
second (1)
third (3)
sixth (8)
seventh (10)
Augmented
unison (1)
second (3)
third (5)
fourth (6)
fifth (8)
sixth (10)
seventh (12)
Diminished
second (0)
third (2)
fourth (4)
fifth (6)
sixth (7)
seventh (9)
octave (11)
Compound
ninth (13 or 14)
tenth (15 or 16)
eleventh (17 or 18)
twelfth (18 or 19)
thirteenth (20 or 21)
fourteenth (22 or 23)
fifteenth (24)
Other
systems
Neutral
quarter tone (1⁄2)
second (1 1⁄2)
third (3 1⁄2)
major fourth (5 1⁄2)
minor fifth (6 1⁄2)
sixth (8 1⁄2)
seventh (10 1⁄2)
7-limit
quarter tone (1⁄2)
chromatic semitone (2⁄3)
diatonic semitone (1 1⁄6)
whole tone (2 1⁄3)
subminor third (2 2⁄3)
supermajor third (4 1⁄3)
harmonic (subminor) seventh (9 2⁄3)
Higher-limit
Minor diatonic semitone (17-limit)
Other
intervals
Groups
Microtone
5-limit
Comma
Pseudo-octave
Pythagorean interval
Subminor and supermajor
Commas
Pythagorean comma
Pythagorean apotome
Pythagorean limma
Diesis
Septimal diesis
Septimal comma
Syntonic comma
Schisma
Diaschisma
Major limma
Ragisma
Breedsma
Kleisma
Septimal kleisma
Septimal semicomma
Orwell comma
Semicomma
Septimal quarter tone
Septimal third tone
Measurement
Cent
Centitone
Millioctave
Savart
Others
Quarter tone
Wolf
Ditone
Semiditone
Holdrian comma
Secor
Incomposite interval
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Major_second&oldid=846582970"
Categories:
Major intervals
Seconds (music)
Hidden categories:
Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2017
Articles with hAudio microformats
Articles with short description
Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Deutsch
Eesti
Esperanto
فارسی
Lietuvių
日本語
Norsk
Русский
Slovenščina
中文
3 more
Edit links
This page was last edited on 19 June 2018, at 17:19 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

key: html

type: local

value: div

attrs: id class

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

value: a

attrs: id class lang

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

attrs: class href

values: mw-jump-link #mw-head

values: mw-jump-link #p-search

attrs: href class title

values:
/wiki/Minor_second
mw-redirect
Minor second

attrs: href title

attrs: role class

values:
note
hatnote navigation-not-searchable

value: img

attrs: alt src width height class srcset data-file-width data-file-height

attrs: href class

attrs: alt src width height srcset data-file-width data-file-height

value: span

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help
mw-redirect
Wikipedia:Media help

values: shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux

values:
/wiki/Staff_position
mw-redirect
Staff position

values:
/wiki/Interval_number
mw-redirect
Interval number

values:
/wiki/Step_(music)
mw-redirect
Step (music)

values:
/wiki/Frequency_ratio
mw-redirect
Frequency ratio

values:
/wiki/Turkish_music
mw-redirect
Turkish music

values: checkbox button toctogglecheckbox toctogglecheckbox display:none

values:
/wiki/5-limit_tuning
mw-redirect
5-limit tuning

values:
/wiki/Twelve_tone_equal_temperament
mw-redirect
Twelve tone equal temperament

values:
/wiki/Major_semitone
mw-redirect
Major semitone

values:
/wiki/Minor_semitone
mw-redirect
Minor semitone

values:
/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language
mw-redirect
Ancient Greek language

values: vertical-align: -1.338ex; width:1.658ex; height:3.676ex;

values: This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (June 2017)

values:
nofollow
external text
http://philpapers.org/archive/BALPCO

values: List of intervals in 5-limit just intonation

values:
/wiki/Pythagorean_apotome
mw-redirect
Pythagorean apotome

values:
/wiki/Pythagorean_limma
mw-redirect
Pythagorean limma

values: nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible

values: Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from June 2017

values: Category:Articles with hAudio microformats

values: Category:Articles with short description

values: Category:Articles containing Ancient Greek-language text

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Major_second
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [ctrl-alt-j]

values: Recent changes in pages linked from this page [ctrl-alt-k]

values:
/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard
Upload files [ctrl-alt-u]
u

values: A list of all special pages [ctrl-alt-q]

values: Permanent link to this revision of the page

values: Link to connected data repository item [ctrl-alt-g]

values: Printable version of this page [ctrl-alt-p]

values: portal navigation p-wikibase-otherprojects p-wikibase-otherprojects-label

values:
https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plenduto
Plenduto – Esperanto
eo
eo
interlanguage-link-target

values: دوم بزرگ – Persian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-lt
display: none;

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-no
display: none;

values: Большая секунда – Russian

values:
interlanguage-link interwiki-sl
display: none;

values: /static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x

values: /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x

values:
suggestions
display: none; font-size: 13px;

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Major_second rootpage-Major_second skin-vector action-view


text:
Eurasian Plate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Eurasian Plate
The Eurasian Plate
Type
Major
Approximate area
67,800,000 km2 (26,200,000 sq mi)[1]
Movement1
south
Speed1
7–14 mm (0.28–0.55 in)/year
Features
Europe, Asia, Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean
1Relative to the African Plate
The Eurasian Plate is a tectonic plate which includes most of the continent of Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the traditional continents of Europe and Asia), with the notable exceptions of the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian subcontinent, and the area east of the Chersky Range in East Siberia. It also includes oceanic crust extending westward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and northward to the Gakkel Ridge.
The eastern side is a boundary with the North American Plate to the north and a boundary with the Philippine Sea Plate to the south and possibly with the Okhotsk Plate and the Amurian Plate. The southerly side is a boundary with the African Plate to the west, the Arabian Plate in the middle and the Indo-Australian Plate to the east. The westerly side is a divergent boundary with the North American Plate forming the northernmost part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which is straddled by Iceland. All of the volcanic eruptions in Iceland, such as the 1973 eruption of Eldfell, the 1783 eruption of Laki, and the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, are caused by the North American and the Eurasian plates moving apart, which is a result of divergent plate boundary forces.
Eurasian & Anatolian Plates
The geodynamics of central Asia is dominated by the interaction between the Eurasian and Indian Plates. In this area, many subplates or crust blocks have been recognized, which form the Central Asian and the East Asian transit zones.[2]
See also[edit]
Sunda Plate
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Sizes of Tectonic or Lithospheric Plates". Geology.about.com. 2014-03-05. Retrieved 2015-12-26.
Jump up ^ "Up-to-Date Geodynamics and Seismicity of Central Asia" by Y. Gatinsky, D. Rundquist, G. Vladova, T. Prokhodova
[show]
v
t
e
Tectonic plates
Major
African
Indo-Australian Plate
Antarctic
Eurasian
North American
Pacific
South American
Minor
Amurian
Arabian
Caribbean
Caroline
Cocos
Juan de Fuca
Nazca
Okhotsk
Philippine
Scotia
Somali
Yangtze
Other
Adriatic
Aegean Sea
Anatolian
Australian
Balmoral Reef
Banda Sea
Bird's Head
Burma
Capricorn
Conway Reef
Easter
Explorer
Futuna
Galapagos
Gonâve
Gorda
Greenland
Halmahera
Iberian
Indian
Iranian
Juan Fernández
Kerguelen
Kermadec
Madagascar
Manus
Maoke
Mariana
Molucca Sea
New Hebrides
Niuafo’ou
North Andes
North Bismarck
North Galapagos
Nubian
Okinawa
Panama
Pelso
Philippine Mobile Belt
Rivera
Sangihe
Seychelles
Shetland
Solomon Sea
South Bismarck
South Sandwich
Sunda
Timor
Tisza
Tonga
Woodlark
Historical
Baltic
Bellingshausen
Charcot
Cimmeria
Farallon
Insular
Intermontane
Izanagi
Kula
Lhasa
Malvinas
Moa
Phoenix
List of tectonic plates
[show]
v
t
e
Geology of Europe
Countries
Albania
Andorra
Armenia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Belgium
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Faroe Islands
Estonia
Finland
Åland Islands
France
Georgia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy (Sicily)
Kazakhstan
Kosovo
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macedonia
Malta
Moldova
Monaco
Montenegro
Netherlands
Norway
Jan Mayen
Svalbard
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Russia
San Marino
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
Ukraine
United Kingdom
England
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales
Gibraltar
Guernsey
Jersey
Isle of Man
Geologic regions
Orogens
Acadian
Alpine
Belomorian
Cadomian
Caledonian
Carpathian
Dalslandian
Gothian
Grampian
Hallandian-Danopolonian
Hellenic
Laxfordian
Lopian
Saamian
Scandian
Scourian
Timanide
Svecofennian
Sveconorwegian
Uralian
Variscan
Mountain ranges
Alps
Apennines
Caucasus
Dinaric Alps
Harz
Massif Central
Ore Mountains
Pyrenees
Scandinavian Mountains
Urals
Western Carpathians
Oceanic basins
Atlantic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Bay of Biscay
Black Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Norwegian Sea
Intracontinental
basins and grabens
Aquitaine Basin
Barents Basin
Baltic Sea Basin
Central Lowlands
Dnieper–Donets Rift
Ebro Basin
European Cenozoic Rift System
Limagne Graben
Mezen Basin
Molasse Basin
Moscow Basin
North Sea Basin
Oslo Rift
Pannonian Basin
Paris Basin
Peri-Caspian Depression
Timan-Pechora Basin
White Sea Rift System
Tectonic plates and
microcontinents
Adriatic Plate
Aegean Sea Plate
Anatolian Plate
Eurasian Plate
Iberian Plate
Jan Mayen Microcontinent
Misian Plate
Pelso Plate
Tisza Plate
Terranes
Armorican terrane
Avalonia
Baltica
Cimmeria
East European Craton
Fennoscandian Craton
Sarmatian Craton
Volgo–Uralia
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
Aeolian Islands
Aggtelek
Calanques de Piana
Curonian Spit
Dolomites
Durmitor
Geirangerfjord
Giant's Causeway
Glarus
High Coast
Jungfrau-Aletsch
Jurassic Coast
Komi
Kvarken
Laponia
Messel Pit
Meteora
Monte Perdido
Monte San Giorgio
Mount Etna
Nærøyfjord
Pirin
Plitvice
Rhine Gorge
Scandola
Škocjan
St Kilda
Stevns Klint
Surtsey
Thingvellir
[show]
v
t
e
Tectonic plates of Indochina (Eurasian Plate-Indian Plate Convergence Zone)
Plate tectonics
Burma Plate
Eurasian Plate
Indian Plate
Sunda Plate
Yangtze Plate
Faults and rift zones
Mae Chan Fault
Red River Fault
Sagaing Fault
Three Pagodas Fault
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eurasian_Plate&oldid=797494223"
Categories:
Tectonic plates
Geology of Asia
Geology of Europe
Geology of Iceland
Geology of the Pacific Ocean
Geology of the Atlantic Ocean
Hidden categories:
Articles needing additional references from March 2011
All articles needing additional references
Navigation menu
Personal tools
Not logged in
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Log in
Namespaces
Article
Talk
Variants
Views
Read
Edit
View history
More
Search
Navigation
Main page
Contents
Featured content
Current events
Random article
Donate to Wikipedia
Wikipedia store
Interaction
Help
About Wikipedia
Community portal
Recent changes
Contact page
Tools
What links here
Related changes
Upload file
Special pages
Permanent link
Page information
Wikidata item
Cite this page
Print/export
Create a book
Download as PDF
Printable version
In other projects
Wikimedia Commons
Languages
Afrikaans
العربية
Azərbaycanca
বাংলা
Беларуская
भोजपुरी
Català
Чӑвашла
Čeština
Dansk
Deutsch
Eesti
Español
Esperanto
Euskara
فارسی
Français
한국어
हिन्दी
Hrvatski
Bahasa Indonesia
Italiano
עברית
Kiswahili
Magyar
मराठी
Nederlands
日本語
Norsk
Norsk nynorsk
Occitan
پنجابی
Polski
Português
Русский
Slovenčina
Slovenščina
Српски / srpski
Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
Suomi
Svenska
ไทย
Türkçe
Українська
Tiếng Việt
粵語
中文
Edit links
This page was last edited on 27 August 2017, at 11:35.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
Privacy policy
About Wikipedia
Disclaimers
Contact Wikipedia
Developers
Cookie statement
Mobile view
Enable previews

values: mw-page-base noprint

values: mw-head-base noprint

values: firstHeading firstHeading en

values: siteSub noprint

values: jump-to-nav mw-jump

value: td

value: b

values: Help:Introduction to referencing with Wiki Markup/1

value: i

value: small

value: tr

values: plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove

values:
/wiki/File:EurasianPlate.png
image
The Eurasian Plate

values: padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.2em 0em; white-space: nowrap; vertical-align:text-bottom;

values: text-align:center;padding: 0.2em 0em; vertical-align:text-top;

values:
/wiki/Tectonic_plate
mw-redirect
Tectonic plate

values:
reflist mw-references-wrap
list-style-type: decimal;

values: World map indicating tectonic plate boundaries

values: width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding:1.0em;

values:
/wiki/Nubian_Plate
mw-redirect
Nubian Plate

values: nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner

values:
/wiki/Countries_of_Europe
mw-redirect
Countries of Europe

values: Geology of Albania (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Austria (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Belarus (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Belgium (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Bulgaria (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Croatia (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Czech Republic (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Denmark (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Estonia (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Georgia (country) (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Hungary (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Kazakhstan (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Liechtenstein (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Lithuania (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Luxembourg (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Macedonia (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Moldova (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Montenegro (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Jan Mayern (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Geology_of_Poland
mw-redirect
Geology of Poland

values:
/wiki/Geology_of_Portugal
mw-redirect
Geology of Portugal

values: Geology of Romania (page does not exist)

values: Geology of San Marino (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Slovakia (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Geology_of_Slovenia
mw-redirect
Geology of Slovenia

values:
/wiki/Geology_of_Spain
mw-redirect
Geology of Spain

values: Geology of Switzerland (page does not exist)

values: Geology of Ukraine (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Geology_of_the_United_Kingdom
mw-redirect
Geology of the United Kingdom

values:
/wiki/Geology_of_Northern_Ireland
mw-redirect
Geology of Northern Ireland

values:
/wiki/Geology_of_Gibraltar
mw-redirect
Geology of Gibraltar

values:
/wiki/Geology_of_the_Isle_of_Man
mw-redirect
Geology of the Isle of Man

values:
navbox-image
3
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Carpathian orogeny (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Dalslandian_orogeny
mw-redirect
Dalslandian orogeny

values: Laxfordian orogeny (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Apennines (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Caucasus Mountains (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Dinaric Alps (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Ore Mountains (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Urals (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Atlantic Ocean (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Arctic Ocean (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Bay of Biscay (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Black Sea (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Mediterranean Sea (page does not exist)

values: Geology of the Norwegian Sea (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/Molasse_Basin
mw-redirect
Molasse Basin

values:
/wiki/Iberian_plate
mw-redirect
Iberian plate

values: Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst

values:
/wiki/The_High_Coast
mw-redirect
The High Coast

values: nowraplinks hlist collapsible collapsed navbox-inner

values: Template talk:Indochina plates (page does not exist)

values:
/wiki/File:Tectonics_Sumatra_quake.gif
image
Seal of Banten

values:
navbox-image
2
width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px

values: Category:Articles needing additional references from March 2011

values: Category:All articles needing additional references

values: Discussion about edits from this IP address [ctrl-alt-n]

values: A list of edits made from this IP address [ctrl-alt-y]

values: You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory

values: You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [ctrl-alt-o]

values:
/wiki/Eurasian_Plate
View the content page [ctrl-alt-c]
c

values: Discussion about the content page [ctrl-alt-t]

values: p-namespaces navigation vectorTabs p-namespaces-label

values:
p-variants
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-variants-label

values: Past revisions of this page [ctrl-alt-h]

values: p-views navigation vectorTabs p-views-label

values:
p-cactions
navigation
vectorMenu emptyPortlet
p-cactions-label

values:
mw-wiki-logo
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page

values:
/wiki/Main_Page
Visit the main page [ctrl-alt-z]
z

values: Featured content – the best of Wikipedia

values: Find background information on current events

values:
/wiki/Special:Random
Load a random article [ctrl-alt-x]
x

values: portal navigation p-navigation p-navigation-label

values: Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia

values: About the project, what you can do, where to find things

values: A list of recent changes in the wiki [ctrl-alt-r]

values: portal navigation p-interaction p-interaction-label

values: صفيحة أوراسية – Arabic

values: ইউরেশীয় পাত – Bangla

values: Еўразійская пліта – Belarusian

values: यूरेशियन प्लेट – Bhojpuri

values: Еврази плитти – Chuvash

values: صفحه اوراسیا – Persian

values: 유라시아 판 – Korean

values: यूरेशियाई प्लेट – Hindi

values: הלוח האירואסייתי – Hebrew

values: युरेशियन प्रस्तर – Marathi

values: ユーラシアプレート – Japanese

values: Den eurasiske kontinentalplaten – Norwegian

values: Евразийская плита – Russian

values: Евроазијска плоча – Serbian

values: แผ่นยูเรเชีย – Thai

values: Євразійська плита – Ukrainian

values: 歐亞大陸板塊 – Chinese

values: mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Eurasian_Plate rootpage-Eurasian_Plate skin-vector action-view