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Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom
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Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom
Teaser poster
Directed by
J. A. Bayona
Produced by
Frank Marshall
Patrick Crowley
Belén Atienza
Written by
Colin Trevorrow
Derek Connolly
Based on
Characters
by Michael Crichton
Starring
Chris Pratt
Bryce Dallas Howard
B. D. Wong
James Cromwell
Ted Levine
Justice Smith
Geraldine Chaplin
Daniella Pineda
Toby Jones
Rafe Spall
Isabella Sermon
Jeff Goldblum
Music by
Michael Giacchino
Cinematography
Óscar Faura
Edited by
Bernat Vilaplana[1]
Production
companies
Universal Pictures[2]
Amblin Entertainment[2]
The Kennedy/Marshall Company[2]
Legendary Pictures[2]
Distributed by
Universal Pictures[3]
Release date
June 7, 2018 (2018-06-07) (United Kingdom)
June 22, 2018 (2018-06-22) (United States)
Country
United States[4]
Language
English
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is an upcoming American science fiction adventure film directed by J. A. Bayona. The film is a sequel to Jurassic World (2015) and is the fifth installment of the Jurassic Park film series, as well as the second installment of a planned Jurassic World trilogy. The film features Derek Connolly and Jurassic World director Colin Trevorrow both returning as writers, with Trevorrow and original Jurassic Park director Steven Spielberg acting as executive producers. The film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar, located off Central America's Pacific Coast. Filming took place from February to July 2017 in England and Hawaii.
Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, and B. D. Wong will reprise their roles from the previous film, with James Cromwell, Ted Levine, Justice Smith, Geraldine Chaplin, Daniella Pineda, Toby Jones, Rafe Spall, and Isabella Sermon joining the cast. Jeff Goldblum will reprise his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm from the original film and its 1997 sequel.
Universal Pictures has scheduled the film to be released in the United States on June 22, 2018. A sequel is set to be released on June 11, 2021.
Contents
[hide]
1 Synopsis
2 Cast
3 Production
3.1 Development
3.2 Pre-production
3.3 Writing
3.4 Casting
3.5 Filming
4 Release
4.1 Marketing
4.2 Initial response
4.3 Box office projection
5 Sequel
6 References
7 External links
Synopsis[edit]
After the demise of the Jurassic World theme park on Isla Nublar, the dinosaurs roam freely on the island for four years until an impending volcanic eruption threatens to make them go extinct a second time. Claire Dearing (Bryce Dallas Howard), the former park manager, has now founded the Dinosaur Protection Group, an organization dedicated to saving the dinosaurs. She recruits Owen Grady (Chris Pratt), a former dinosaur trainer who worked at the park, to help her rescue the remaining dinosaurs from the island. Owen also tries to find Blue, the last remaining of the four Velociraptors he trained, but he and Claire learn about a conspiracy that could result in dinosaurs taking over the Earth once again.[5][6]
Cast[edit]
Main article: List of Jurassic Park characters
Chris Pratt as Owen Grady, a Navy veteran, former dinosaur trainer, and Claire Dearing's ex-boyfriend.[3]
Bryce Dallas Howard as Claire Dearing, the former operations manager for Jurassic World turned dinosaur-rights activist, and Owen Grady's ex-girlfriend, who founded the Dinosaur Protection Group in order to evacuate the surviving dinosaurs from Isla Nublar.[3][5]
B. D. Wong as Dr. Henry Wu, the former head geneticist at Jurassic World and the original Jurassic Park.[7]
James Cromwell as Benjamin Lockwood, John Hammond's partner in developing the technology to clone dinosaurs.[8][9]
Ted Levine as Ken Wheatley[10]
Justice Smith as Franklin Webb, a former IT technician for Jurassic World who is now the Dinosaur Protection Group's systems analyst.[11][5]
Geraldine Chaplin[12]
Daniella Pineda as Zia Rodriguez, a paleo-veterinarian in the Dinosaur Protection Group.[11][5]
Toby Jones[13]
Rafe Spall as Eli Mills[14]
Isabella Sermon[6]
Jeff Goldblum as Dr. Ian Malcolm, an expert in chaos theory who once consulted for InGen's Jurassic Park.[15] In a podcast interview, Goldblum revealed of his role "It's small… who knows, they may cut me out entirely! But if I stay in, I'll be a sprig of parsley or a little garnish, hopefully with some impact!"[16][17] Director Bayona confirmed that Goldblum's role is simply a cameo, stating, "He's more like a cameo - he doesn't have a major role in the action but it's definitely a very meaningful one in terms of the story."[18]
Kevin Layne as a submarine pilot[19]
Production[edit]
Development[edit]
During early conversations on the 2015 film Jurassic World, executive producer Steven Spielberg told director Colin Trevorrow that he was interested in having several more films made.[20] In April 2014, Trevorrow announced that sequels had been discussed: "We wanted to create something that would be a little bit less arbitrary and episodic, and something that could potentially arc into a series that would feel like a complete story."[21] Trevorrow hinted that Chris Pratt and Omar Sy could reprise their roles for the next film and said he would direct the film if asked.[21] Trevorrow later told Spielberg that he would only focus on directing one film in the series.[20] In May 2015, Trevorrow announced that he would not direct another film in the series: "I would be involved in some way, but not as director." Trevorrow felt that different directors could bring different qualities to future films.[22] Pratt is signed on for future films in the series,[23] as is Ty Simpkins, who portrayed Gray in Jurassic World.[24]
On June 3, 2015, Trevorrow stated that Jurassic World left story possibilities open for the sequel's director that could potentially allow the film to take place in a different location, rather than on an island. Trevorrow hinted that the next film could involve dinosaurs being used by other companies for non-entertainment purposes, possibly in agriculture, medicine, and war: "I really like the idea that this group of geneticists aren't the only people who can make a dinosaur […] when you think of the differences between Apple and PC—the minute something goes open-source, there are all kinds of entities and interests that may be able to utilize that technology."[25]
On June 8, 2015, Jurassic World producer Frank Marshall met with Trevorrow and Universal Studios to discuss a sequel.[26] Later that month, Trevorrow did not deny that the film could involve "dinosaur soldiers"[27] and said the series is "not always gonna be about a Jurassic Park", saying he felt that future films could explore the idea of dinosaurs and humans co-existing together.[20] That same month, Trevorrow hinted that the next film may not involve the Jurassic World theme park[28] and said he would be interested in seeing a Jurassic Park film made by one of several Spanish horror film directors, whose names he did not mention.[29]
Pre-production[edit]
On July 23, 2015, Universal announced that a fifth film is scheduled for a June 22, 2018, release date. It was also announced that Trevorrow would write the script with his writing partner Derek Connolly, as they did for Jurassic World; that the film would be produced by Frank Marshall; and that Spielberg and Trevorrow would act as executive producers. Universal also said that Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard would reprise their roles from the previous film.[3] At the time of the film's announcement, Trevorrow said the series "isn't always going to be limited to theme parks" and confirmed that the film would not involve "a bunch of dinosaurs chasing people on an island. That'll get old real fast."[30] Trevorrow also spoke of the film's possible open-source storyline: "It's almost like InGen is Mac, but what if PC gets their hands on it? What if there are 15 different entities around the world who can make a dinosaur?"[30]
In August 2015, Howard confirmed that the script was being written.[31] That same month, it was also announced that the film will be released in the UK two weeks early, on June 7, 2018.[32] In October 2015, B. D. Wong said he "would be happy to return" as Dr. Henry Wu,[33] while Howard announced that filming would begin in 2017.[34] That month, Howard also said she would be interested in seeing characters from earlier Jurassic Park films return for the fifth film, saying, "I could see versions of the film where a lot of the characters come back."[35] By that time, director J. A. Bayona was being considered to direct the film, although he chose instead to direct the World War Z sequel, a project to which he had already signed on.[36]
In January 2016, it was reported that Bayona could be a candidate to direct the film after he left the World War Z sequel.[37] In March 2016, it was reported that London was being scouted as a possible filming location and setting for the film.[38] On April 14, 2016, actor Jeff Goldblum said he had no plans to appear in the film as his character Ian Malcolm, although he said he was open to the possibility.[39] On April 18, 2016, Bayona was announced as the film's director, with Belén Atienza and Patrick Crowley joining Marshall as producers.[40] Spielberg, Marshall, and Kathleen Kennedy had been impressed by Bayona's 2012 film, The Impossible, and initially considered having him direct Jurassic World, but he declined as he felt there was not enough time for production.[41] Trevorrow wanted Bayona to direct the film after seeing his 2007 horror film, The Orphanage.[42][43]
On April 21, 2016, it was confirmed that filming would take place at a UK studio.[44] In May 2016, Trevorrow said, "We're moving it into new territory. J. A. Bayona is an incredible director and I know he'll push the boundaries of what a 'Jurassic' movie is. I think it's important that we take risks. A franchise must evolve or perish."[45] In June 2016, actor Sam Neill was asked if he would return to the series as Dr. Alan Grant and responded, "You never say never, but I think it's moved on. It's different times."[46]
In July 2016, it was confirmed that the film's working title is Ancient Futures,[47] and that production will begin in Hawaii in February 2017.[48][49] Wales was also confirmed as a filming location,[50] including Brecon Beacons and Penbryn.[51] That same month, Marshall confirmed that the film was in full pre-production, with storyboards being designed and filming expected to begin in early spring 2017.[52] In September 2016, Trevorrow announced that Hawaii would be used as a primary filming location, while U.K. shooting would be limited to studios, without the story taking place there. Trevorrow said that the film will feature many dinosaurs that were not seen in previous films and also denied that the film's story would involve militarized dinosaurs, which would only be mentioned in the film.[53] That same month, Bayona confirmed that the film would be the second chapter in a planned Jurassic World trilogy.[54]
In October 2016, Trevorrow said the film's dinosaurs would be "a parable of the treatment animals receive today: the abuse, medical experimentation, pets, having wild animals in zoos like prisons, the use the military has made of them, animals as weapons."[55] That month, Bayona stated that he compares the sequel to The Empire Strikes Back and Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, which were both considered darker than their predecessors.[56] In November 2016, Marshall said that Wong was "probably going to come back."[57] Later that month, Jurassic World composer Michael Giacchino confirmed that he would return to compose the fifth film,[58] while Óscar Faura was announced as the film's cinematographer.[59]
In 2017, Trevorrow announced that the original T. rex from the first film and Jurassic World will be once again returning for this film,[60] while a leak stated that the sequel would center around Blue, the last surviving raptor from Jurassic World, and Owen stopping her from being used for violence.[61][62]
Writing[edit]
Trevorrow and Connolly began work on the script and devised the basic story during a road trip that they took in June 2015, immediately after the release of Jurassic World.[63][64] Having directed Jurassic World, Trevorrow became familiar with how animatronics worked and wrote scenes into the sequel in a way that would allow for their use, as animatronics are incapable of certain actions such as running.[65] In September 2015, Trevorrow said the film's story was inspired by a quote from Dr. Alan Grant in the first film: "Dinosaurs and man, two species separated by 65 million years of evolution, have suddenly been thrown back into the mix together. How can we possibly have the slightest idea of what to expect?"[66] After Bayona was hired, he began reading all of Michael Crichton's novels—including Jurassic Park and its sequel, The Lost World—for inspiration and "to try to immerse myself in Crichton's mind."[67][68]
Trevorrow and Connolly began working with Bayona in July 2016, to perfect the script to the director's liking.[53] Trevorrow stated that the film would be more "suspenseful and scary" than its predecessor: "It's just the way it's designed; it's the way the story plays out. I knew I wanted Bayona to direct it long before anyone ever heard that it was a possibility, so the whole thing was just built around his skillset."[53] Trevorrow later described the film as "The Impossible meets The Orphanage with dinosaurs."[43] Marshall said that Bayona had incorporated his own ideas into the film's script, but stated that it is essentially the same original story devised by Trevorrow and Connolly.[52] In September 2016, Trevorrow said that the film would be based on concepts from the novels and would include dialogue from the first novel. Trevorrow also stated that the story would be heavily inspired by the idea that, "A mistake made a long time ago just can't be undone."[53] Jeff Goldblum later had dialogue from the novel version of his character added into the film's script.[69]
Casting[edit]
In October 2016, casting was underway for the role of a nine-year-old girl.[70] On November 7, 2016, Toby Jones and Rafe Spall were reported to be in discussions about joining the cast for unspecified roles.[13] By that time, Tom Holland—who previously starred in The Impossible—had discussed having a possible role in the film, but he did not believe he would be available for filming because of scheduling conflicts.[71] On December 1, 2016, it was reported that Justice Smith had signed on to portray the role of a young scientist.[72][73] Jones and Spall were also confirmed to have joined the film at that point.[73] In January 2017, Daniella Pineda was cast in an unspecified lead role.[74]
In February 2017, Ted Levine and James Cromwell were cast in unspecified roles,[75][9] while Wong confirmed his return as Dr. Henry Wu.[7] In March 2017, Bayona announced that Geraldine Chaplin, who had roles in each of his previous films, had joined the cast.[12] On April 25, 2017, it was announced that Jeff Goldblum would be reprising his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm from the first two films.[15] Bayona considered Malcolm a "great character!"[68] while Marshall said, "The world has changed a lot since Ian Malcolm went to Jurassic Park and we need his point of view now more than ever. He told us about chaos theory, he was right."[76]
Filming[edit]
Filming began at Langley Business Centre in Slough, England, on February 23, 2017.[77][78] A majority of filming in England was to take place at Pinewood Studios.[79] Production also took place in Hawaii, which was used as a primary filming location.[53] Scenes shot in Hawaii were set on Isla Nublar, the fictional island featured in the first and fourth films.[80] Scenes were also expected to be shot at Brecon Beacons National Park in Wales.[81] The film features more dinosaurs than any previous film in the series.[43] Animatronics were used to depict many of the dinosaurs.[82] Spielberg was shown scenes from the film during production and he offered his opinions to Bayona.[42]
In April 2017, scenes were filmed at East Berkshire College in Berkshire, England.[83] Later that month, filming took place at Hartland Park—formerly the Pyestock jet engine test site—in Fleet, Hampshire, England.[84][85] Scenes were scheduled to be filmed on sets at Hawley Common, also in Hampshire.[85] On May 10, 2017, it was reported that scenes were being filmed at Rock Barracks military base, near Woodbridge, Suffolk.[86] Goldblum began filming his scenes on the same day.[87] On May 24, 2017, scenes were shot at Hampshire's Blackbushe Airport, which stood in as an American airfield.[88] Filming in the United Kingdom concluded on June 9, 2017.[89][90] Up to that point, Trevorrow was present as an on-set writer for each day of production so he could aid Bayona with any possible script changes.[91][92] Goldblum shot his scenes at Pinewood Studios, and concluded his shoot on the last day of filming in the United Kingdom.[93]
Filming in Hawaii began on June 13, 2017.[94][95] On June 21, 2017, filming began at Heʻeia Kea Small Boat Harbor in Heʻeia, Hawaii. More than half of the harbor was closed for filming, which required the use of smoke machines. Scenes were scheduled to be shot at the harbor throughout the end of the month.[96][97] On June 22, 2017, the film's official title was announced as Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom.[98] At the time, filming was underway at Kualoa Ranch on the Hawaiian island of Oahu.[99] On July 7, 2017, filming took place at Oahu's Hālona Blowhole.[100][101] Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard were seen on the ocean beach during filming of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom.[102] Filming concluded on July 8, 2017.[103] Bayona said that making the film was the biggest challenge of his life.[43]
Release[edit]
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom is scheduled for release on June 22, 2018,[3] with an early release in the United Kingdom on June 7, 2018.[32]
Marketing[edit]
A six-second clip from the film was released on November 22, 2017.[104][105] The first trailer was teased for release on November 30, 2017, but this was later confirmed to be incorrect.[106] Several teaser trailers and a behind-the-scenes featurette of the film were released in early December 2017,[107][108][109][110] prior to the release of a full-length trailer on December 7.[6][107] A second trailer aired during Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018.[111][112] Universal launched a website for the Dinosaur Protection Group that included miscellaneous information about the group and its effort to save the island's dinosaurs.[11] Licensing partners include Mattel, Lego, and Funko, which are expected to create toys based on the film.[113][114][115] Mattel is expected to produce a variety of toys,[116] including Barbie dolls featuring the likeness of Pratt and Howard as their characters.[114] Lego is expected to release 13 Lego sets based on the film.[115] A video game, Jurassic World Evolution, is scheduled to be released simultaneously with the film.[117]
Initial response[edit]
The film's trailers have been praised for the special effects and for offering new ideas to the series, but some critics have bashed the film's story/plot.[118][119][120]
Box office projection[edit]
In December 2017, a survey from Fandango indicated that Fallen Kingdom is one of the most anticipated films for 2018.[121]
Sequel[edit]
Further information: Jurassic_Park § Jurassic_World_3_(2021)
An untitled sequel, known as Jurassic World 3, is scheduled for release on June 11, 2021.[122][123] Trevorrow will direct the film,[124] and will write the screenplay with Emily Carmichael, based on a story by him and Connolly. Trevorrow and Spielberg will serve as executive producers for the film, with Marshall and Crowley as producers.[125][126][122]
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Jump up ^ Bullock, Andrew (May 1, 2017). "EXCLUSIVE SPOILER! Jurassic World 2 plot details LEAKED teasing that the new film will centre around Blue the Velociraptor... as military vehicles are spotted on set in Scotland". DailyMail. Archived from the original on May 12, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Jurassic World 2: New details on the plot have leaked, Blue back!". The Siver Times. May 4, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Valentini, Valentina I. (July 23, 2015). "Jurassic World 2 Is Officially Coming -- More Chris Pratt for Us All!". Entertainment Tonight. Archived from the original on January 29, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ White, James (September 22, 2015). "Colin Trevorrow On The Future Of Jurassic World". Empire. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Freeman, Molly (June 6, 2017). "Jurassic World Director Says Sequel Will Be A Better Movie". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on June 7, 2017. Retrieved June 8, 2017.
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Jump up ^ "JA Bayona studying Michael Crichton Jurassic Park novels to prepare for Jurassic World Sequel!". JurassicWorld.org. April 26, 2016. Archived from the original on April 27, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Pugh, Chris (January 6, 2017). "Jurassic World 2 Director J.A. Bayona on Ian Malcolm: "He's a Great Character!"". Jurassic Outpost. Archived from the original on June 6, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Mithaiwala, Mansoor (June 17, 2017). "Ian Malcolm's Jurassic World 2 Dialogue Is Mostly Based On The Original Novel". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Anderton, Ethan (October 20, 2016). "'Jurassic World 2' Will Continue The Tradition Of Having Kids Run From Dinosaurs". /Film. Archived from the original on March 6, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Siegel, Tatiana (November 9, 2016). "Tom Holland Learned He Got His 'Spider-Man: Homecoming' Role From a Marvel Instagram Post". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on November 9, 2016. Retrieved June 21, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kit, Borys (December 1, 2016). "'Jurassic World 2' Casts 'Get Down' Star Justice Smith (Exclusive)". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on December 2, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Kroll, Justin (December 1, 2016). "'Jurassic World' Sequel Casts 'Get Down' Star Justice Smith". Variety. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017. Retrieved March 12, 2017. Rafe Spall and Toby Jones also recently boarded the film. [...] Sources say Smith will be playing a young scientist in the movie.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (January 23, 2017). "'Jurassic World': 'The Detour' Actress Daniella Pineda Lands Key Role in Sequel (Exclusive)". Variety. Archived from the original on January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (February 10, 2017). "'Jurassic World' Sequel Adds 'Silence of the Lambs' Actor Ted Levine". Variety. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Sciretta, Peter (April 25, 2017). "Jeff Goldblum Returns For 'Jurassic World 2'! Life Has Found A Way!". /Film. Archived from the original on April 27, 2017. Retrieved June 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pugh, Chris (February 23, 2017). "Jurassic World 2 has begun filming – first pictures of staging area!". Jurassic Outpost. Archived from the original on February 27, 2017. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
Jump up ^ Crick, Andy (February 23, 2017). "Latest Jurassic Park blockbuster relocated away from Hollywood… to a business estate in Slough". The Sun. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved February 24, 2017.
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^ Jump up to: a b Lloyd, Stephen (April 18, 2017). "Jurassic World 2: See first shots of the woodland set for huge blockbuster being filmed on Hawley Common". Get Surrey. Archived from the original on April 22, 2017. Retrieved April 21, 2017.
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Jump up ^ Howard, Bryce Dallas (June 9, 2017). "Last day shooting in the UK! Epic times! Thank you to the Jurassic UK family at @PinewoodStudios !". Twitter. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bayona, JA (June 10, 2017). "UK wrap for Jurassic!! So grateful to the fantastic UK crew. Next stop Hawaii! #JW2". Twitter. Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved June 10, 2017.
Jump up ^ Wood, Matt (June 11, 2017). "How Involved Colin Trevorrow Was With Making Jurassic World 2". CinemaBlend. Archived from the original on June 11, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Boone, John (June 15, 2017). "Exclusive: Colin Trevorrow on 'The Book of Henry' and What He Learned Directing 'Jurassic World'". Entertainment Tonight. Archived from the original on June 16, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Laxamana, Chris (June 23, 2017). "Jeff Goldblum and Vinnie Tortorich". The Adam Carolla Show. 01:16:00–01:19:00. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Howard, Bryce Dallas (June 13, 2017). "Playing in the mud or shooting a movie? *not Claire's shoes. Day 46. #jurassicworld #jurassicworld2 #jungle". Twitter. Archived from the original on June 16, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
Jump up ^ Santos, Danny F. (June 16, 2017). "Has Jurassic World 2's Original Ending Been Rewritten?". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on June 16, 2017. Retrieved June 16, 2017. Jurassic World 2 is currently filming in Hawaii.
Jump up ^ Donahue, Lillian (June 15, 2017). "Portion of Kamehameha Highway to be closed for Jurassic World sequel". KHNL. Archived from the original on June 16, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Donahue, Lillian (June 22, 2017). "Jurassic World sequel starts filming at Oahu harbor". KHNL. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
Jump up ^ Nugent, John (June 22, 2017). "Jurassic World 2 Title Revealed In First Teaser Poster". Empire. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Barton, Steve (June 22, 2017). "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom – Exclusive Behind-the-Scenes Images". Dread Central. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Donahue, Lillian (July 6, 2017). "'Jurassic World' sequel to close Halona Blowhole for filming". KHNL. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Halona Blowhole to close for 'Jurassic World' filming". KHON-TV. July 6, 2017. Retrieved July 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Making waves! Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard struggle through the surf as they film Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom in Hawaii". Daily Mail. July 7, 2017. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Bayona, JA (July 8, 2017). "This is a wrap for Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom! What a journey! Thank you to everyone that made it possible!". Twitter. Retrieved July 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ McNary, Dave (November 22, 2017). "'Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom' First Footage Shows Chris Pratt Petting Baby Raptor". Variety. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Evans, Greg (November 22, 2017). "'Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom' Clip: Six Seconds Of Chris Pratt & Dino Baby". Deadline. Retrieved November 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Zinski, Dan (November 28, 2017). "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Trailer Not Arriving This Week". Screen Rant. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Freeman, Molly (December 3, 2017). "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Teaser Confirms Trailer Arrives Thursday". Screen Rant. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Spry, Jeff (December 3, 2017). "Chris Pratt Runs With the Dinos in Explosive New Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom Teaser". SyFy. Retrieved December 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Anderton, Ethan (December 6, 2017). "New 'Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom' Trailer Teaser Awakens the T-Rex". /Film. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ Chapman, Tom (December 6, 2017). "Watch Jeff Goldblum's joyous Jurassic return in Fallen Kingdom featurette". Digital Spy. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ D'Alessandro, Anthony (January 27, 2018). "Super Bowl Movie Trailers: Netflix's 'Cloverfield' Sequel To Run Spot? 'Jurassic World', 'Mission: Impossible' & More To Air". Deadline.com. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Julia (February 4, 2018). "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom's Super Bowl trailer puts dinosaurs in all the wrong places". Polygon. Retrieved February 5, 2018.
Jump up ^ Pugh, Chris (October 10, 2017). "Universal Announces New Jurassic World Fallen Kingdom License Partners Including Funko and More". Jurassic Outpost. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Squires, John (January 15, 2018). "Mattel Bringing 'Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom' Characters into Barbie Line". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Alter, Ethan (January 30, 2018). "Lego sets offer a peek inside 'Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom' (exclusive)". Yahoo. Retrieved January 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ Romano, Nick (February 16, 2018). "Jurassic World toys bring the Fallen Kingdom back to life". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 16, 2018.
Jump up ^ Blain, Louise (August 21, 2017). "Life finds a way. Jurassic World Evolution might just be the game that the movies deserve". GamesRadar. Retrieved October 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ McCarter, Reid (March 6, 2018). "Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom wants us to feel bad for the damn monsters". AV Club. Onion, Inc. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Fuller, Becky (February 25, 2018). "Stop The Jurassic World Franchise". Screen Rant. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kain, Erik (February 11, 2018). "Here's Why 'Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom' Looks Like A Terrible Idea". Forbes. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Alexander, Bryan (December 28, 2017). "Fans pick 'Avengers,' 'Black Panther' as 2018's most-anticipated films in Fandango poll". USA Today. Gannett Satellite Information Network, LLC. Retrieved March 8, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Romano, Nick (February 21, 2018). "Jurassic World 3 rampaging toward 2021 release date". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Squires, John (February 21, 2018). "Life Continues to Find a Way as 'Jurassic World 3' is Already Dated for Release!". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved February 22, 2018. Variety is reporting that Jurassic World 3, which surely won't actually be the official title, will be hitting theaters on June 11, 2021, three years after Fallen Kingdom.
Jump up ^ Stack, Tim (March 30, 2018). "Steven Spielberg confirms Colin Trevorrow will direct third Jurassic World". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Universal launches plans for third 'Jurassic World' film". ABC. Associated Press. February 21, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
Jump up ^ Kroll, Justin (February 21, 2018). "'Jurassic World 3' to Hit Theaters in June 2021". Variety. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
External links[edit]
Official website
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom on IMDb
Official Dinosaur Protection Group website
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text:
Hand, foot, and mouth disease
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This article is about viral disease. For chemotherapy-induced condition, see Chemotherapy-induced acral erythema. For the animal disease, see Foot-and-mouth disease.
Hand, foot, and mouth disease
Typical lesions around the mouth of an 11-month-old boy
Specialty
Infectious disease
Symptoms
Fever, flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister[1][2]
Complications
Temporary loss of nails, viral meningitis[3]
Usual onset
3–6 days post exposure[4]
Duration
1 week[5]
Causes
Coxsackievirus A16, Enterovirus 71[6]
Diagnostic method
Based on symptoms, viral culture[7]
Prevention
Handwashing[8]
Treatment
Supportive care[5]
Medication
Pain medication such as ibuprofen[9]
Frequency
As outbreaks[1]
[edit on Wikidata]
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection caused by a group of viruses.[10] It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell.[10] This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister, on the hands, feet, and mouth, and occasionally buttocks and groin.[11][2][1] Signs and symptoms normally appear 3–6 days after exposure to the virus.[4] The rash generally goes away on its own in about a week.[5] Fingernail and toenail loss may occur a few weeks later, but will regrow with time.[3]
The viruses that cause HFMD are spread through close personal contact, through the air from coughing, and the feces of an infected person.[8] Contaminated objects can also spread the disease.[8] Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause and Enterovirus 71 is the second-most common cause.[6] Other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also be responsible.[6][12] Some people may carry and pass on the virus despite having no symptoms of disease.[10] Other animals are not involved.[8] Diagnosis can often be made based on symptoms.[7] Occasionally a throat or stool sample may be tested for the virus.[7]
Handwashing may prevent spread and those infected should not go to work, daycare, or school.[8] No antiviral medication or vaccine is available, but development efforts are underway.[13] Most cases require no specific treatment.[5] Simple pain medication such as ibuprofen or numbing mouth gel may be used.[9] Occasionally intravenous fluids are given to children who are unable to drink enough.[9] Rarely viral meningitis or encephalitis may complicate the disease.[3]
HFMD occurs in all areas of the world.[14] It often occurs in small outbreaks in nursery schools or kindergartens.[1] Large outbreaks have been occurring in Asia since 1997.[14] It usually occurs during the spring, summer, and fall months.[14] Typically it occurs in children less than five years old, but can occasionally occur in adults.[10][1] HFMD should not be confused with foot-and-mouth disease (also known as hoof-and-mouth disease) which mostly affects livestock.[15]
Contents
[hide]
1 Signs and symptoms
2 Cause
2.1 Transmission
3 Diagnosis
4 Prevention
4.1 Vaccine
5 Treatment
6 Complications
7 Epidemiology
7.1 Outbreaks
8 History
9 Research
10 References
11 External links
Signs and symptoms[edit]
Rash on palms of the hands.
Rash on hand and feet of a 36-year-old man
Rash on the soles of a child's feet
Common constitutional signs and symptoms of the HFMD include fever, nausea, vomiting, feeling tired, generalized discomfort, loss of appetite, and irritability in infants and toddlers. Skin lesions frequently develop in the form of a rash of flat discolored spots and bumps which may be followed by vesicular sores with blisters on palms of the hands, soles of the feet, buttocks, and sometimes on the lips.[16] The rash is rarely itchy for children,[4] but can be extremely itchy for adults. Painful facial ulcers, blisters, or lesions may also develop in or around the nose or mouth.[1][17][18] HFMD usually resolves on its own after 7–10 days.[17] Most cases of the disease are relatively harmless, but complications including encephalitis, meningitis, and paralysis that mimics the neurological symptoms of polio can occur.[19]
Cause[edit]
The viruses that cause the disease are of the Picornaviridae family. Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause of HFMD.[6] Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is the second-most common cause.[6] Many other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also be responsible.[6][12]
Transmission[edit]
HFMD is highly contagious and is transmitted by nasopharyngeal secretions such as saliva or nasal mucus, by direct contact, or by fecal-oral transmission.
Child care settings are the most common places for HMFD to be contracted because of the bathroom training, diaper changes, and that children often put their hands into their mouths.[18] Children that do not attend a preschool or kindergarten were found to be more susceptible to the disease.[20] HFMD is contracted through nose and throat secretions such as saliva, sputum, nasal mucus and as well as fluid in blisters, and stool.[20]
Diagnosis[edit]
A diagnosis usually can be made by the presenting signs and symptoms alone.[17] If the diagnosis is unclear, a throat swab or stool specimen may be taken to identify the virus by culture.[17] The common incubation period (the time between infection and onset of symptoms) ranges from three to six days.[4] Early detection of HFMD is important in preventing an outbreak in the pediatric population.[21]
Prevention[edit]
Preventive measures include avoiding direct contact with infected individuals (including keeping infected children home from school), proper cleaning of shared utensils, disinfecting contaminated surfaces, and proper hand hygiene. These measures have been shown to be effective in decreasing the transmission of the viruses responsible for HFMD.[17][22]
Protective habits include hand washing and disinfecting surfaces in play areas.[20] Breast-feeding has also shown to decrease rates of severe HFMD, though does not reduce the risk for the infection of the disease.[20]
Vaccine[edit]
A vaccine known as the EV71 vaccine is available to prevent HFMD in China as of December 2015.[23] No vaccine is currently available in the United States.[22]
Treatment[edit]
Medications are usually not needed as hand, foot, and mouth disease is a viral disease that typically resolves on its own. Currently, there is no specific curative treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease.[17] Disease management typically focuses on achieving symptomatic relief. Pain from the sores may be eased with the use of analgesic medications. Infection in older children, adolescents, and adults is typically mild and lasts approximately 1 week, but may occasionally run a longer course. Fever reducers and lukewarm baths can help decrease body temperature.
A minority of individuals with hand, foot and mouth disease may require hospital admission due to complications such as inflammation of the brain, inflammation of the meninges, or acute flaccid paralysis.[12] Non-neurologic complications such as inflammation of the heart, fluid in the lungs, or bleeding into the lungs may also occur.[12]
Complications[edit]
Complications from the viral infections that cause HFMD are rare, but require immediate medical treatment if present. HFMD infections caused by Enterovirus 71 tend to be more severe and are more likely to have neurologic or cardiac complications including death than infections caused by Coxsackievirus A16.[17] Viral or aseptic meningitis can occur with HFMD in rare cases and is characterized by fever, headache, stiff neck, or back pain.[12][17] The condition is usually mild and clears without treatment; however, hospitalization for a short time may be needed. Other serious complications of HFMD include encephalitis (swelling of the brain), or flaccid paralysis in rare circumstances.[16][17]
Fingernail and toenail loss have been reported in children 4–8 weeks after having HFMD.[4] The relationship between HFMD and the reported nail loss is unclear; however, it is temporary and nail growth resumes without treatment.[4][24]
Minor complications due to symptoms can occur such as dehydration, due to mouth sores causing discomfort with intake of foods and fluid.[25]
Epidemiology[edit]
Hand, foot and mouth disease most commonly occurs in children under the age of 10.[4][17] It tends to occur in outbreaks during the spring, summer, and autumn seasons.[6] This is believed to be due to heat and humidity improving spread.[20] HFMD is more common in rural areas than urban areas, however, socioeconomic status and hygiene levels need to considered.[26] Poor hygiene is a risk factor for HFMD.[27]
Outbreaks have occurred in China, Japan, Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Taiwan and Vietnam.[20] HFMD most commonly affects young children under the age of 10 and more often under the age of 5, but can also affect adults with varying symptoms.[18]
Since 1997 there have been 71 large enterovirus outbreaks reported, mostly in East and South East Asia, primarily affecting children.[20] From the years 2008 to 2014, more than 1 million HFMD cases have been reported in China each year.[28]
Outbreaks[edit]
In 1998, there was an outbreak in Taiwan, affecting mainly children.[29] There were 405 severe complications, and 78 children died.[30] The total number of cases in that epidemic is estimated to have been 1.5 million.[6]
In 2008 an outbreak in China, beginning in March in Fuyang, Anhui, led to 25,000 infections, and 42 deaths, by May 13.[6] Similar outbreaks were reported in Singapore (more than 2,600 cases as of April 20, 2008),[31] Vietnam (2,300 cases, 11 deaths),[32] Mongolia (1,600 cases),[33] and Brunei (1053 cases from June–August 2008)[34]
In 2009 17 children died in an outbreak during March and April 2009 in China's eastern Shandong Province, and 18 children died in the neighboring Henan Province.[35] Out of 115,000 reported cases in China from January to April, 773 were severe and 50 were fatal.[36]
In 2010 in China, an outbreak occurred in southern China's Guangxi Autonomous Region as well as Guangdong, Henan, Hebei and Shandong provinces. Until March 70,756 children were infected and 40 died from the disease. By June, the peak season for the disease, 537 had died.[37]
The World Health Organization reporting between January to October 2011 (1,340,259) states the number of cases in China had dropped by approx 300,000 from 2010 (1,654,866) cases, with new cases peaking in June. There were 437 deaths, down from 2010 (537 deaths).[38]
In December 2011, the California Department of Public Health identified a strong form of the virus, coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6), where nail loss in children is common.[39]
In 2012 in Alabama, United States there was an outbreak of an unusual type of the disease. It occurred in a season when it is not usually seen and affected teenagers and older adults. There were some hospitalizations due to the disease but no reported deaths.[40]
In 2012 in Cambodia, 52 of 59 reviewed cases of children reportedly[41] dead (as of July 9, 2012) due to a mysterious disease were diagnosed to be caused by a virulent form of HFMD.[42] Although a significant degree of uncertainty exists with reference to the diagnosis, the WHO report states, "Based on the latest laboratory results, a significant proportion of the samples tested positive for enterovirus 71 (EV-71), which causes hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD). The EV-71 virus has been known to generally cause severe complications amongst some patients."[43]
HFMD infected 1,520,274 people with up to 431 deaths reported at the end of July in 2012 in China.[44]
History[edit]
HFMD cases were first described clinically in Canada and New Zealand in 1957.[17] The disease was termed 'Hand Foot and Mouth Disease' after a similar outbreak in 1959.[28]
Research[edit]
Novel antiviral agents to prevent and treat infection with the viruses responsible for HFMD are currently under development. Preliminary studies have shown inhibitors of the EV-71 viral capsid to have potent antiviral activity.[13]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Kaminska, K; Martinetti, G; Lucchini, R; Kaya, G; Mainetti, C (2013). "Coxsackievirus A6 and Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease: Three Case Reports of Familial Child-to-Immunocompetent Adult Transmission and a Literature Review". Case Reports in Dermatology. 5 (2): 203–209. doi:10.1159/000354533. PMC 3764954  . PMID 24019771.
^ Jump up to: a b Ooi, MH; Wong, SC; Lewthwaite, P; Cardosa, MJ; Solomon, T (2010). "Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71". Lancet Neurology. 9 (11): 1097–1105. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70209-X. PMID 20965438.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) Complications". CDC. August 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 11, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Hoy, NY; Leung, AK; Metelitsa, AI; Adams, S (2012). "New concepts in median nail dystrophy, onychomycosis, and hand, foot and mouth disease nail pathology". ISRN Dermatology. 2012 (680163): 680163. doi:10.5402/2012/680163. PMC 3302018  . PMID 22462009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Longo, Dan L. (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medicine (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07174889-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Repass GL, Palmer WC, Stancampiano FF (September 2014). "Hand, foot, and mouth disease: Identifying and managing an acute viral syndrome". Cleve Clin J Med. 81 (9): 537–43. doi:10.3949/ccjm.81a.13132. PMID 25183845.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Diagnosis". CDC. August 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Causes & Transmission". CDC. August 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 14, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Prevention & Treatment". CDC. August 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 15, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d "Hand Foot and Mouth Disease". CDC. August 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 16, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
Jump up ^ Frydenberg, A; Starr, M (August 2003). "Hand, foot and mouth disease". Australian family physician. 32 (8): 594–5. PMID 12973865.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Li, Y; Zhu, R; Qian, Y; Deng, J (2012). "The characteristics of blood glucose and WBC counts in peripheral blood of cases of hand foot and mouth disease in China: a systematic review". PLOS ONE. 7 (1): e29003. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0029003. PMC 3250408  . PMID 22235257.
^ Jump up to: a b Pourianfar HR, Grollo L (February 2014). "Development of antiviral agents toward enterovirus 71 infection". J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 48: 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2013.11.011. PMID 24560700.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Outbreaks". CDC. August 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 17, 2016. Retrieved May 15, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Foot and Mouth Disease update: further temporary control zone established in Surrey". Defra. 2007-08-14. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
^ Jump up to: a b Huang, CC; Liu, CC; Chang, YC; Chen, CY; Wang, ST; Yeh, TF (23 September 1999). "Neurologic complications in children with enterovirus 71 infection". The New England Journal of Medicine. 341 (13): 936–42. doi:10.1056/nejm199909233411302. PMID 10498488.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Wang, Jing (21 August 2017). "Epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot, and mouth disease in Shandong, China, 2009–2016". Scientific Reports. 7 (8900): 1–9. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09196-z.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: Signs & Symptoms". mayoclinic.com. The Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. Retrieved May 5, 2008.
Jump up ^ "Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD)". WHO Western Pacific Region. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Koh, Wee Ming; Bogich, Tiffany; Siegel, Karen; Jin, Jing; Chong, Elizabeth Y.; Tan, Chong Yew; Chen, Mark Ic; Horby, Peter; Cook, Alex R. (October 2016). "The Epidemiology of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Asia: A Systematic Review and Analysis". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 35 (10): e285–300. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000001242. ISSN 1532-0987. PMC 5130063  . PMID 27273688.
Jump up ^ Omaña-Cepeda, Carlos; Martínez-Valverde, Andrea; del Mar Sabater- Recolons, María; Jané-Salas, Enric; Marí-Roig, Antonio; López-López, José (2016-03-15). "A literature review and case report of hand, foot and mouth disease in an immunocompetent adult". BMC Research Notes. 9: 165. doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1973-y. ISSN 1756-0500.
^ Jump up to: a b "Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease". Prevention and Treatment. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2013. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 18, 2013.
Jump up ^ Mao, QY; Wang, Y; Bian, L; Xu, M; Liang, Z (May 2016). "EV71 vaccine, a new tool to control outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)". Expert review of vaccines. 15 (5): 599–606. doi:10.1586/14760584.2016.1138862. PMID 26732723.
Jump up ^ "Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease". Complications. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2011. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease". WHO Western Pacific Region. Retrieved 2017-11-06.
Jump up ^ Koh, Wee Ming; Bogich, Tiffany; Siegel, Karen; Jin, Jing; Chong, Elizabeth Y.; Tan, Chong Yew; Chen, Mark IC; Horby, Peter; Cook, Alex R. (October 2016). "The Epidemiology of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Asia: A Systematic Review and Analysis". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 35 (10): e285. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000001242. ISSN 0891-3668.
Jump up ^ "Hand-Foot-and-Mouth Disease". WebMD. Retrieved 2017-11-28.
^ Jump up to: a b Lei, Xiaobo; Cui, Sheng; Zhao, Zhendong; Wang, Jianwei (2015-09-01). "Etiology, pathogenesis, antivirals and vaccines of hand, foot, and mouth disease". National Science Review. 2 (3): 268–284. doi:10.1093/nsr/nwv038. ISSN 2095-5138.
Jump up ^ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1998). "Deaths among children during an outbreak of hand, foot, and mouth disease--Taiwan, Republic of China, April–July 1998". MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 47 (30): 629–32. PMID 9704628. Archived from the original on July 26, 2008.
Jump up ^ Ho M, Chen ER, Hsu KH, et al. (1999). "An epidemic of enterovirus 71 infection in Taiwan. Taiwan Enterovirus Epidemic Working Group". N. Engl. J. Med. 341 (13): 929–35. doi:10.1056/NEJM199909233411301. PMID 10498487.
Jump up ^ Suhaimi, Nur Dianah (April 20, 2008). "HFMD: 1,000 cases a week is unusual, says doc". Singapore: The Sunday Times (Straits Times). pp. 1–2.
Jump up ^ Viet Nam News: HFMD cases prompt tighter health screening at airport Archived February 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.(accessed May 15, 2008)
Jump up ^ EV-71 Virus Continues Dramatic Rise Archived October 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. (accessed May 23, 2008)
Jump up ^ Bandar Seri Begawan (November 7, 2008). "1,053 HFD cases recorded". The Birmingham News. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Hand-foot-mouth disease death toll rises to 17 in East China's Shandong Province". China View. April 9, 2009. Archived from the original on April 13, 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Health Ministry: Hand-foot-mouth disease claims 50 lives this year". China View. April 10, 2009. Archived from the original on April 15, 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2009.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ "China reports 537 deaths from hand-foot-mouth disease this year". People's Daily Online. 2010. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6)". California Department of Public Health. 2013. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ Hannah Wolfson (February 13, 2012). "Outbreak of hand, foot and mouth disease severe in Alabama". The Birmingham News. Archived from the original on March 4, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2012.
Jump up ^ CBS News Staff (2012). "Joint Press Release Between The Ministry of Health Kingdom of Cambodia and the World Health Organization" (PDF). CBS News. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Mysterious deadly illness in Cambodian children tied to hand, foot and mouth disease". Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease. World Health Organization. 2012. Archived from the original on June 3, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Global Alert and Response (GAR)". Undiagnosed illness in Cambodia-update. World Health Organization. 2012. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Emerging disease surveillance and response". Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease. World Health Organization. 2013. Archived from the original on October 17, 2013. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
External links[edit]
Classification
V · T · D
ICD-10: B08.4
ICD-9-CM: 074.3
MeSH: D006232
DiseasesDB: 5622
External resources
MedlinePlus: 000965
eMedicine: derm/175
Patient UK: Hand, foot, and mouth disease

Media related to Hand, foot and mouth disease at Wikimedia Commons News related to Highly contagious Hand, foot and mouth disease killing China's children at Wikinews
[show]
v
t
e
Infectious skin disease: Viral cutaneous conditions, including viral exanthema (B00–B09, 050–059)
DNA virus
Herpesviridae
Alpha
HSV
Herpes simplex
Herpetic whitlow
Herpes gladiatorum
Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis
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Hand, foot and mouth disease
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e
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[show]
Periodontium (gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolus) – Gums and tooth-supporting structures
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[show]
Periapical, mandibular and maxillary hard tissues – Bones of jaws
Agnathia
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Stafne defect
Torus mandibularis
[show]
Temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication and malocclusions – Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
Bruxism
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[show]
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Benign: Basal cell adenoma
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Malignant: Acinic cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
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Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma
Lymphoma
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Sclerosing polycystic adenosis
Sialadenitis
Parotitis
Chronic sclerosing sialadenitis
Sialectasis
Sialocele
Sialodochitis
Sialosis
Sialolithiasis
Sjögren's syndrome
[show]
Orofacial soft tissues – Soft tissues around the mouth
Actinomycosis
Angioedema
Basal cell carcinoma
Cutaneous sinus of dental origin
Cystic hygroma
Gnathophyma
Ludwig's angina
Macrostomia
Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome
Microstomia
Noma
Oral Crohn's disease
Orofacial granulomatosis
Perioral dermatitis
Pyostomatitis vegetans
[show]
Other
Eagle syndrome
Hemifacial hypertrophy
Facial hemiatrophy
Oral manifestations of systemic disease
Authority control
NDL: 00804612
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hand,_foot,_and_mouth_disease&oldid=824359313"
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