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Ceryneian Hind
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Ceryneian Hind
Heracles breaking off the golden antler of the Ceryneian Hind, while Athena (left) and Artemis look on (black-figure amphora, ca. 540–30 BC)
Grouping
Legendary creature
Mythology
Greek mythology
Other name(s)
Cerynitis
Country
Greece
Region
Keryneia, Greece
In Greek mythology, the Ceryneian Hind (Greek: Ελαφος Κερυνῖτις Elaphos Kerynitis), also called Cerynitis or the Golden Hind, was an enormous hind, that lived in Keryneia, Greece. It was sacred to Artemis, the chaste goddess of the hunt, animals, and unmarried women. It had golden antlers like a stag and hooves of bronze or brass, and it was said that it could outrun an arrow in flight. The capture of the hind was the third labour of Heracles.
Contents
1 Third labour of Heracles
2 Origin of the myth
3 Constellation
4 In art
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Third labour of Heracles[edit]
Eurystheus and Hera were greatly angered to find that Heracles had managed to escape from the claws of the Nemean Lion and the fangs of the Lernaean Hydra, so decided to spend more time thinking up a third task that would spell doom for the hero. The third task did not involve killing a beast, as it had already been established that Heracles could overcome even the most fearsome opponents, so Eurystheus decided to make him capture the female Ceryneian Hind, as it was so fast it could outrun an arrow.
After beginning the search, Heracles awoke from sleeping and he could see the hind from the glint on its antlers. Heracles then chased the hind on foot for a full year through Greece, Thrace, Istria, and the land of the Hyperboreans. In some versions, he captured the hind while it slept, rendering it lame with a trap net. In other versions, he encountered Artemis in her temple and she told him to leave the hind and tell Eurystheus all that had happened and his third labour would be considered to be completed. Yet another version claims that Heracles trapped the hind with an arrow between the fore legs of the creature.
Eurystheus had given Heracles this task hoping to incite Artemis' anger at Heracles for his desecration of her sacred animal. As he was returning with the hind, Heracles encountered Artemis and her brother Apollo. He begged the goddess for forgiveness, explaining that he had to catch it as part of his penance, but he promised to return it. Artemis forgave him, foiling Eurystheus' plan to have her punish him.
Heracles and Apollo struggling over the Hind, as depicted on a Corinthian helmet (early 5th century BC)
Upon bringing the hind to Eurystheus, he was told that it was to become part of the King's menagerie. Heracles knew that he had to return the hind as he had promised, so he agreed to hand it over on the condition that Eurystheus himself come out and take it from him. The King came out, but the moment Heracles let the hind go, it sprinted back to its mistress, and Heracles left saying that Eurystheus had not been quick enough. Eurystheus, upset that Heracles had managed to overcome yet another creature, told him to bring the fearsome Erymanthian Boar back to him alive.
Origin of the myth[edit]
A doe bearing antlers was unknown in Greece, but the story of the hind is suggestive of reindeer, which, unlike other deer, can be harnessed and whose females bear antlers. The myth relates to the northern Hyperborea, which may have been the archaic origin of the myth itself, as Robert Graves thought.
Constellation[edit]
When the sun is in the sign of Scorpio, the constellation Hercules rises. The Greeks referred to the constellation of Hercules as the Stag[citation needed] ("hind" is another word for doe), the identification of the constellation with Hercules was made by the Romans.
In art[edit]
Athenian plate, ca. 560 BC
Roman bronze, 1st century BC
Roman-era bronze, 1st–2nd centuries AD
Mosaic from Roman Spain, 3rd century AD
Statuette by J.M. Félix Magdalena (b. 1941)
See also[edit]
Deer in mythology
References[edit]
Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca ii.5.3
External links[edit]
Media related to Ceryneian Hind at Wikimedia Commons
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v
t
e
The Twelve Labours of Heracles
Nemean lion
Lernaean Hydra
Ceryneian Hind
Erymanthian Boar
Augean Stables
Stymphalian birds
Cretan Bull
Mares of Diomedes
Girdle of Hippolyte
Cattle of Geryon
Apples of the Hesperides
Cerberus
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Fetal movement
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The human fetus moves throughout its entire development.
Fetal movement refers to motion of a fetus caused by its own muscle activity. Locomotor activity begins during the late embryological stage, and changes in nature throughout development. Muscles begin to move as soon as they are innervated. These first movements are not reflexive, but arise from self-generated nerve impulses originating in the spinal cord. As the nervous system matures, muscles can move in response to stimuli.[1]
Generally speaking, fetal motility can be classified as either elicited or spontaneous, and spontaneous movements may be triggered by either the spine or the brain. Whether a movement is supraspinally determined can be inferred by comparison to movements of an anencephalic fetus.[2]
Although the heart begins to beat on the 23rd day after conception, this article primarily deals with voluntary and reflex movements. Ages are given as age from fertilization rather than as gestational age.
Some sources contend that there is no voluntary movement until after birth.[3] Other sources say that purposive movement begins months earlier.[4] 3D ultrasound has been used to create motion pictures of fetal movement, which are called "4D ultrasound".[5]
Contents
[hide]
1 Movement during development
1.1 First trimester
1.1.1 Embryonic stage
1.1.2 Fetal stage
1.2 Second trimester
1.3 Third trimester
2 Variation in activity level
3 Monitoring fetal movement
4 Notes
5 References
Movement during development[edit]
First trimester[edit]
Embryonic stage[edit]
An embryo of a gestational age of 9 weeks and 0 days. The head is directed to the right in the image. The heart is discerned in the center of the embryo. A hand is visible slightly above.
Even before the fetal stage begins, a six-week-old human embryo can arch its back and neck.[6] By seven weeks, movement in the arms and legs can be detected by ultrasound.[6]
Fetal stage[edit]
Play media
Fetal movements at the end of first trimester (early fetal stage) detected by 3D ultrasound
The parts of the fetal brain that control movement will not fully form until late in the second trimester, and the first part of the third trimester.[7] Control of movement is limited at birth, and purposeful voluntary movements develop during the long period up until puberty.[8] According to an overview produced by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, purposive movement begins at about 18 weeks, gradually replacing reflex movements, and purposeful voluntary movements then develop further after birth.[4]
In these early movements, the limbs move together; they begin to move independently by the ninth week as the controlling neurons in the spinal cord develop.[9] At week 11, the fetus can open its mouth and suck its fingers; at week 12, it begins to swallow amniotic fluid.[10]
In addition to sideward bendings of the head, complex and generalized movements occur at the beginning of the fetal stage, with movements and startles that involve the whole body.[11] Movement of hands, hips and knees have been observed at nine weeks,[12] stretches and yawns at ten weeks,[13] and isolated limb movements beginning shortly thereafter.[14]
Second trimester[edit]
By about the twelfth week, the fetus is able to kick and curl its toes, and may grasp its feet or scratch itself with its fingernails.[10] It can also move in response to a touch on its skin.[15] Also starting about week 12, the thoracic diaphragm moves up and down as if the fetus were breathing, but this movement disappears about week 16 and does not resume until the third trimester.[16]
Movements such as kicking continue, and the mother usually feels movement for the first time, an event called quickening, during the fifth month.[17] Around this time, limb movements become more complex, with flexing of the joints and ribs. This activity assists with proper joint development.[15] Women who have already given birth have more relaxed uterine muscles that are consequently more sensitive to fetal motion, and for them fetal motion can sometimes be felt as early as 14 weeks.[18]
By about week 21, the fetus begins to develop a regular schedule of movement.[17] The startle reflex is present in half of all fetuses by week 24 and in all fetuses by week 28.[19] Movement is restricted around this time because the fetus has grown so large it has little space for kicking or changing body position.[20]
Third trimester[edit]
In later pregnancy, a complex motion called "stepping" develops. This movement consists of circular "bicycling" motion of legs, which helps the fetus move to a head-down position in preparation for birth.[15]
Variation in activity level[edit]
Fetuses aged 14 to 18 weeks show a pronounced circadian rhythm in their activity level, which can be detected both by fetal electrocardiogram and by measuring locomotor activity. Active and quiet periods for the fetus do not correspond to those of the mother; fetuses are most active from 9 a.m. to 2 p.m. and again from 7 p.m. to 4 a.m.[21] During the last four to six weeks before birth, most of the fetus's kicking and jabbing movements occur while it is sleeping lightly.[22]
Monitoring fetal movement[edit]
After quickening, a pregnant woman may choose to count the number and types of movements she feels her fetus make. This tally is informally known as a kick count. The American Pregnancy Association states that advantages of conducting kick counts range from giving a pregnant woman an opportunity to bond with her baby to reducing the risk of stillbirth; kick counts are especially recommended in high risk pregnancies.[23] However, instructing women to monitor fetal movements is potentially associated with increased maternal anxiety.[24]
To make a kick count, a woman finds a comfortable position, such as sitting upright with her back supported or lying on her left side (which maximizes blood flow to the fetus), and times how long it takes to feel at least ten movements such as kicks, flutters, or rolls. Ideally, ten movements should be felt within two hours,[24] although often that number is reached in a much shorter period.[23] A count of less than ten movements prompts immediate contact with a midwife or maternity unit.[24] 70% of pregnancies with a single episode of reduced fetal movements are uncomplicated.[24]
There is no good evidence to suggest which method of counting fetal movement is best.[25] It was suggested that formal movement counting such as count to 10 or counting movements at a specific time each day was more effective than an undefined method in detecting when the baby was in distress.[25] More research is needed to establish whether counting movements does reduce the rates of stillbirths particularly in countries where resources are not readily available.[25]
In the UK, the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists say that if you think your baby has stopped moving or is moving less and you are over 28 weeks pregnant you should contact your midwife. Do not wait until the next day to contact the hospital or midwife.[26]
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Vaughan 1996, p. 208.
Jump up ^ De Vries, Johanna et al. "Fetal Motility in the First Half of Pregnancy", in Continuity of Neural Functions from Prenatal to Postnatal Life, pages 4 and 63 (1984 Cambridge University Press, edited by Heinz F. R. Prechtl).
Jump up ^ White, Lois. Foundations Of Maternal & Pediatric Nursing, pages 10 and 128 (2004): "By the end of the 12th week, skeletal muscles begin involuntary movements....The newborn may cry and have muscular activity when cold, but there is no voluntary control of muscular activity."
^ Jump up to: a b Becher, Julie-Claire. "Insights into Early Fetal Development". Archived from the original on 2013-06-01. (Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow October 2004): "Purposive movement depends on brain maturation. This begins at about 18 weeks' gestation and progressively replaces reflex movements, which disappear by about 8 months after birth....Reflexes are very different from purposeful voluntary movements which develop during the first year of life."
Jump up ^ Prenatal Image Gallery Index, The Endowment for Human Development (providing numerous 4D ultrasounds that can be viewed online).
^ Jump up to: a b Vaughan, p. 207.
Jump up ^ The development of cerebral connections during the first 20–45 weeks’ gestation. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, Volume 11, Issue 6, Pages 415-422
Jump up ^ Stanley, Fiona et al. "Cerebral Palsies: Epidemiology and Causal Pathways", page 48 (2000 Cambridge University Press).
Jump up ^ Vaughan 1996, pp. 208-209.
^ Jump up to: a b Vaughan 1996, p. 74.
Jump up ^ Prechtl, Heinz. "Prenatal and Early Postnatal Development of Human Motor Behavior" in Handbook of brain and behaviour in human development, Kalverboer and Gramsbergen eds., pp. 415-418 (2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers): "The first movements to occur are sideward bendings of the head....At 9-10 weeks postmestrual age complex and generalized movements occur. These are the so-called general movements (Prechtl et al., 1979) and the startles. Both include the whole body, but the general movements are slower and have a complex sequence of involved body parts, while the startle is a quick, phasic movement of all limbs and trunk and neck."
Jump up ^ Valman HB, Pearson JF (January 1980). "What the fetus feels". Br Med J. 280 (6209): 233–4. PMC 1600041  . PMID 7427089. doi:10.1136/bmj.280.6209.233. Nine weeks after conception...fingers [bend] round an object in the palm of his hand. In response to a touch on the sole of his foot...hips and knees [bend] to move away from the touching object.
Jump up ^ Butterworth, George and Harris, Margaret. Principles of developmental psychology, page 48 (Psychology Press 1994): "stretch and yawn pattern at 10 weeks."
Jump up ^ Prechtl, Heinz. "Prenatal and Early Postnatal Development of Human Motor Behavior" in Handbook of brain and behaviour in human development, Kalverboer and Gramsbergen eds., pp. 415-418 (2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers): "At 9-10 weeks postmenstrual age complex and generalized movements occur... [I]solated movements of one arm or leg emerge 1 week later."
^ Jump up to: a b c Vaughan 1996, p. 209.
Jump up ^ Vaughan 1996, pp. 106-107.
^ Jump up to: a b Vaughan 1996, p. 134.
Jump up ^ Van Der Ziel, Cornelia & Tourville, Jacqueline. Big, Beautiful & Pregnant: Expert Advice And Comforting Wisdom for the Expecting Plus-size Woman (Marlowe 2006). Retrieved 2007-02-15.
Jump up ^ Vaughan 1996, p. 160, p. 189.
Jump up ^ Vaughan 1996, p. 190.
Jump up ^ Kintraia et al. 2005.
Jump up ^ Vaughan 1996, p. 138.
^ Jump up to: a b American Pregnancy Association, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d RCOG release: Reduced fetal movements – New Green-top Guideline from Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Date published: 25/02/2011
^ Jump up to: a b c Mangesi, L; Hofmeyr, GJ; Smith, V; Smyth, RM (15 October 2015). "Fetal movement counting for assessment of fetal wellbeing.". The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 10: CD004909. PMID 26467769. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004909.pub3.
Jump up ^ "Reduced Fetal Movements" (PDF). Retrieved 25 April 2016.
References[edit]
"Kick Counts". American Pregnancy Association. July 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
Kintraia PI, Zarnadze MG, Kintraia NP, Kashakashvili IG (March 2005). "Development of daily rhythmicity in heart rate and locomotor activity in the human fetus". J Circadian Rhythms. 3 (1): 5. PMC 1079927  . PMID 15801976. doi:10.1186/1740-3391-3-5.
Vaughan, Christopher (1996). How Life Begins: The Science of Life in the Womb. New York: Times Books (Random House). ISBN 0-8129-2103-8.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fetal_movement&oldid=805921931"
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The Walking Dead (season 8)
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The Walking Dead (season 8)
Promotional poster
Starring
Andrew Lincoln
Norman Reedus
Lauren Cohan
Chandler Riggs
Danai Gurira
Melissa McBride
Lennie James
Alanna Masterson
Josh McDermitt
Christian Serratos
Seth Gilliam
Ross Marquand
Jeffrey Dean Morgan
Austin Amelio
Tom Payne
Xander Berkeley
Khary Payton
Steven Ogg
Katelyn Nacon
Pollyanna McIntosh
Country of origin
United States
No. of episodes
9
Release
Original network
AMC
Original release
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22) – present (present)
Season chronology
← Previous
Season 7
List of The Walking Dead episodes
The eighth season of The Walking Dead, an American post-apocalyptic horror television series on AMC, premiered on October 22, 2017,[1] and will consist of 16 episodes[2] split into two eight-episode parts, with the second part debuting on February 25, 2018.[3]
Developed for television by Frank Darabont, the series is based on the eponymous series of comic books by Robert Kirkman, Tony Moore, and Charlie Adlard. The executive producers are Kirkman, David Alpert, Scott M. Gimple, Greg Nicotero, Tom Luse, and Gale Anne Hurd, with Gimple as showrunner for the fifth consecutive season. The eighth season has received mostly positive reviews.
This season adapts the "All Out War" story arc from the comics, with the survivors of the Alexandria Safe-Zone, the Hilltop, the Kingdom, and later the Scavengers taking on Negan (Jeffrey Dean Morgan) and the Saviors.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Cast
1.1 Main cast
1.1.1 Starring
1.1.2 Also starring
1.2 Supporting cast
1.2.1 Alexandria Safe-Zone
1.2.2 The Hilltop
1.2.3 The Saviors
1.2.4 The Kingdom
1.2.5 Oceanside
1.2.6 The Scavengers
1.2.7 Miscellaneous
2 Production
3 Episodes
4 Release
5 Reception
5.1 Critical response
5.2 Ratings
6 References
7 External links
Cast[edit]
Main article: List of The Walking Dead (TV series) characters
Main cast[edit]
The primary characters of the eighth season include (from left to right): Rick, Carol, Morgan, Daryl, Carl, Enid, Rosita, Tara, Michonne, Gabriel, Aaron, Maggie, Jesus, Gregory, Shiva, Ezekiel, Jadis, Eugene, Simon, Dwight, and Negan
The eighth season features twenty series regulars overall. For this season, Katelyn Nacon, Khary Payton, Steven Ogg, and Pollyanna McIntosh were promoted to series regular status, after previously having recurring roles, while Seth Gilliam and Ross Marquand were added to the opening credits.
Starring[edit]
Andrew Lincoln as Rick Grimes, the series' protagonist, a former sheriff and the leader of Alexandria, who is leading a new alliance to fight Negan and the Saviors.
Norman Reedus as Daryl Dixon, Rick's right-hand man, the group's primary hunter and a recruiter for Alexandria.
Lauren Cohan as Maggie Rhee, the pregnant widow of Glenn and a leading figure of the Hilltop.
Chandler Riggs as Carl Grimes, Rick's bold and courageous teenage son.
Danai Gurira as Michonne, Rick's katana-wielding girlfriend, who acts as a mother figure to Carl and Judith.
Melissa McBride as Carol Peletier, a fierce survivor who is spurred into fighting the Saviors as revenge for the deaths of her friends.
Lennie James as Morgan Jones, the first survivor Rick had ever encountered, who now resides in the Kingdom and fights for his sanity.
Alanna Masterson as Tara Chambler, a caring, witty member of the group and supply runner for Alexandria who serves as a liaison with Oceanside.
Josh McDermitt as Eugene Porter, a timorous former member of the group whose resourcefulness leads Negan to take him under his wing.
Christian Serratos as Rosita Espinosa, an impulsive member of the group, who is motivated to avenge her ex-boyfriend Spencer and Abraham's death.
Seth Gilliam as Gabriel Stokes, a priest who has become hardened from his experiences with Rick's group.
Ross Marquand as Aaron, an Alexandrian recruiter who brought Rick's group to Alexandria and is currently in the fight against the Saviors.
Jeffrey Dean Morgan as Negan, the sociopathic and charismatic leader of the Saviors who serves as the season's primary antagonist.
Also starring[edit]
Austin Amelio as Dwight, a former subordinate of Negan who now works for Rick as a double agent against the Saviors.
Tom Payne as Paul "Jesus" Rovia, a scout for the Hilltop.
Xander Berkeley as Gregory, the selfish and hypocritical leader of the Hilltop whose influence diminished with Maggie's prominence.
Khary Payton as King Ezekiel, the charismatic leader of the Kingdom who allies with Rick against the Saviors.
Steven Ogg as Simon, a former mortgage broker and Negan's ruthless second-in-command.[5]
Katelyn Nacon as Enid, a former member of Alexandria who moved to Hilltop to be with Maggie, and has formed a relationship with Carl.[5]
Pollyanna McIntosh as Jadis, the deceptive leader of the Scavengers who betrayed Rick's group, and maintains a neutral stance in the war.[5]
Supporting cast[edit]
Alexandria Safe-Zone[edit]
Jason Douglas as Tobin, the foreman of Alexandria's construction crew and member of Rick's militia.
Jordan Woods-Robinson as Eric Raleigh, Aaron's boyfriend and his former recruiting partner, who is now a member of Rick's militia.
Kenric Green as Scott, a supply runner in Alexandria and member of Rick's militia.
Dahlia Legault as Francine, a member of Alexandria's construction crew and member of Rick's militia.
Mandi Christine Kerr as Barbara, resident of Alexandria.
Ted Huckabee as Bruce, resident and member of Alexandria's construction.
The Hilltop[edit]
James Chen as Kal, a guard of the Hilltop.
Peter Zimmerman as Eduardo, a guard of the Hilltop and soldier of the Hilltop's militia.
Karen Ceesay as Bertie, a resident of the Hilltop and soldier of the Hilltop's militia.
Jeremy Palko as Andy, a resident of the Hilltop and soldier of the Hilltop's militia.
Brett Gentile as Freddie, a resident of the Hilltop and soldier of the Hilltop's militia.
R. Keith Harris as Harlan Carson, is the doctor of the Hilltop, who was captured by Simon in the previous season.
The Saviors[edit]
Jayson Warner Smith as Gavin, one of Negan's top lieutenants, who leads the weapons base.
Traci Dinwiddie as Regina, one of Negan's top lieutenants.
Elizabeth Ludlow as Arat, one of Negan's top lieutenants.
Mike Seal as Gary, a member of the Saviors.
Lindsley Register as Laura, a member of the Saviors.
Juan Pareja as Morales, a survivor from Rick's original Atlanta camp who joined the Saviors.
Joshua Mikel as Jared, Benjamin's killer, and a hostile member of the Saviors who antagonizes Morgan.
Callan McAuliffe as Alden, a member of the Saviors who surrenders to Jesus at the satellite station outpost.
Lindsey Garrett as Mara, a Savior who guards one of many outposts.
Lee Norris as Todd, a timid member of the Saviors who works at the same outpost as Mara.
Whitmer Thomas as Gunther, a member of the Saviors who tortures Ezekiel.
Charles Halford as Yago, a Savior who manages Gavin's weapons base.
Ciera L. Payton as Zia, a Savior whom Rosita and Michonne encounter at a supply warehouse.
Adam Cronan as Leo, a Savior whom Rosita and Michonne encounter at a supply warehouse.
Chloe Aktas as Tanya, one of Negan's wives.
Adam Fristoe as Dean, a savior who tried to kill Jesus.
The Kingdom[edit]
Cooper Andrews as Jerry, Ezekiel's loyal and good-natured bodyguard.
Kerry Cahill as Dianne, one of Ezekiel's top soldiers and a skilled archer.
Daniel Newman as Daniel, one of Ezekiel's top soldiers.
Carlos Navarro as Alvaro, one of Ezekiel's top soldiers.
Macsen Lintz as Henry, a resident of the Kingdom and younger brother of the deceased Benjamin.
Jason Burkey as Kevin, a resident of the Kingdom.
Nadine Marissa as Nabila, a resident and gardener of the Kingdom.
Oceanside[edit]
Deborah May as Natania, the vigilant leader of Oceanside.
Sydney Park as Cyndie, Natania's granddaughter.
Briana Venskus as Beatrice, one of Oceanside's top soldiers.
Nicole Barré as Kathy, one of Oceanside's top soldiers.
The Scavengers[edit]
Sabrina Gennarino as Tamiel, a leading member of the Scavengers.
Thomas Francis Murphy as Brion, a leading member of the Scavengers.
Miscellaneous[edit]
Avi Nash as Siddiq, a mysterious vagabond survivor who befriends Carl.
Production[edit]
The Walking Dead was renewed by AMC for a 16-episode eighth season on October 16, 2016,[2] and that same month it was reported that Maria Bello would have a role on the show.[6] Production began on April 25, 2017, in Atlanta, Georgia.[7] On July 12, 2017, production was shut down after stuntman John Bernecker was killed, after falling more than 20 feet onto a concrete floor.[8] Production resumed on July 17.[9]
The season premiere, which also serves as the series' milestone 100th episode, was directed by executive producer Greg Nicotero.[10]
In November 2017, it was announced that Lennie James who portrays Morgan Jones, would be leaving The Walking Dead after the conclusion of this season, and he will join the cast of the spin-off series Fear the Walking Dead.[11]
Episodes[edit]
See also: List of The Walking Dead episodes
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
100
1 "Mercy" Greg Nicotero Scott M. Gimple October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22) 11.44[12]
Rick, Maggie, and Ezekiel rally their communities together to take down Negan. Gregory attempts to have the Hilltop residents side with Negan, but they all firmly stand behind Maggie. The group attacks the Sanctuary, taking down its fences and flooding the compound with walkers. With the Sanctuary defaced, everyone leaves except Gabriel, who reluctantly stays to save Gregory, but is left behind when Gregory abandons him. Surrounded by walkers, Gabriel hides in a trailer, where he is trapped inside with Negan.
101
2 "The Damned" Rosemary Rodriguez Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell October 29, 2017 (2017-10-29) 8.92[13]
Rick's forces split into separate parties to attack several of the Saviors' outposts, during which many members of the group are killed; Eric is critically injured and rushed away by Aaron. Jesus stops Tara and Morgan from executing a group of surrendered Saviors. While clearing an outpost with Daryl, Rick is confronted and held at gunpoint by Morales, a survivor he met in the initial Atlanta camp, who is now with the Saviors.
102
3 "Monsters" Greg Nicotero Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05) 8.52[14]
Daryl finds Morales threatening Rick and kills him; the duo then pursue a group of Saviors who are transporting weapons to another outpost. Gregory returns to Hilltop, and after a heated argument, Maggie ultimately allows him back in the community. Eric dies from his injuries, leaving Aaron distraught. Despite Tara and Morgan's objections, Jesus leads the group of surrendered Saviors to Hilltop. Ezekiel's group attacks another Savior compound, during which several Kingdommers are shot while protecting Ezekiel.
103
4 "Some Guy" Dan Liu David Leslie Johnson November 12, 2017 (2017-11-12) 8.69[15]
Ezekiel's group is overwhelmed by the Saviors, who kill all of them except for Ezekiel himself and Jerry. Carol clears the inside of the compound, killing all but two Saviors, who almost escape but are eventually caught by Rick and Daryl. En route to the Kingdom, Ezekiel, Jerry, and Carol are surrounded by walkers, but Shiva sacrifices herself to save them. The trio returns to the Kingdom, where Ezekiel's confidence in himself as a leader has diminished.
104
5 "The Big Scary U" Michael E. Satrazemis Story by : Scott M. Gimple & David Leslie Johnson & Angela Kang
Teleplay by : David Leslie Johnson & Angela Kang November 19, 2017 (2017-11-19) 7.85[16]
After confessing their sins to each other, Gabriel and Negan manage to escape from the trailer. Simon and the other lieutenants grow suspicious of each other, knowing that Rick’s forces must have inside information. The workers in the Sanctuary become increasingly frustrated with their living conditions, and a riot nearly ensues, until Negan returns and restores order. Gabriel is locked in a cell, where Eugene discovers him sick and suffering. Meanwhile, Rick and Daryl argue over how to take out the Saviors, leading Daryl to abandon Rick.
105
6 "The King, the Widow, and Rick" John Polson Angela Kang & Corey Reed November 26, 2017 (2017-11-26) 8.28[17]
Rick visits Jadis in hopes of convincing her to turn against Negan; Jadis refuses, and locks Rick in a shipping container. Carl encounters Siddiq in the woods and recruits him to Alexandria. Daryl and Tara plot to deviate from Rick’s plans by destroying the Sanctuary. Ezekiel isolates himself at the Kingdom, where Carol tries to encourage him to be the leader his people need. Maggie has the group of captured Saviors placed in a holding area and forces Gregory to join them as punishment for betraying Hilltop.
106
7 "Time for After" Larry Teng Matthew Negrete & Corey Reed December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03) 7.47[18]
After learning of Dwight's association with Rick's group, Eugene affirms his loyalty to Negan and outlines a plan to get rid of the walkers surrounding the Sanctuary. With help from Morgan and Tara, Daryl drives a truck through the Sanctuary’s walls, flooding its interior with walkers, killing many Saviors. Rick finally convinces Jadis and the Scavengers to align with him, and they plan to force the Saviors to surrender. However, when they arrive at the Sanctuary, Rick is horrified to see the breached walls and no sign of the walker herd.
107
8 "How It's Gotta Be" Michael E. Satrazemis David Leslie Johnson & Angela Kang December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10) 7.89[19]
Eugene's plan allows the Saviors to escape, and separately, the Saviors waylay the Alexandria, Hilltop, and Kingdom forces. The Scavengers abandon Rick, after which he returns to Alexandria. Ezekiel ensures that the Kingdom residents are able to escape before locking himself in the community with the Saviors. Eugene aids Gabriel and Doctor Carson in escaping the Sanctuary in order to ease his conscience. Negan attacks Alexandria, but Carl devises a plan to allow the Alexandria residents to escape into the sewers. Carl reveals he was bitten by a walker while escorting Siddiq to Alexandria.
108
9 "Honor" Greg Nicotero Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell February 25, 2018 (2018-02-25) 8.28[20]
After the Saviors leave Alexandria, the survivors make for the Hilltop while Rick and Michonne stay behind to say their final goodbyes to a dying Carl, who pleads with Rick to build a better future alongside the Saviors before killing himself. In the Kingdom, Morgan and Carol launch a rescue mission for Ezekiel. Although they are successful and retake the Kingdom, the Saviors' lieutenant Gavin is killed by Benjamin's vengeful brother Henry.
109
10 "The Lost and the Plunderers"[21] TBA TBA March 4, 2018 (2018-03-04) TBD
110
11 "Dead or Alive Or"[21] TBA TBA March 11, 2018 (2018-03-11) TBD
111
12 "The Key"[21] TBA TBA March 18, 2018 (2018-03-18) TBD
Release[edit]
The first trailer for the season was released on July 21, 2017, at San Diego Comic-Con. The second trailer was released on February 1, 2018, for the second part of the season.[22]
Reception[edit]
Critical response[edit]
The eighth season of The Walking Dead has received mostly positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season holds a score of 73% with an average rating of 6.9 out of 10, based on 13 reviews, and an average episode score of 69%. The site's critical consensus reads: "The Walking Dead's eighth season energizes its characters with some much-needed angst and action, though it's still occasionally choppy and lacking forward-moving plot progression."[23]
The Walking Dead (season 8): Critical reception by episode
Season 8 (2017–18): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[23]
Ratings[edit]
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)
1 "Mercy" October 22, 2017 5.0 11.44[12] 2.2 4.28 7.2 15.74[24]
2 "The Damned" October 29, 2017 4.0 8.92[13] 2.0 4.16 6.0 13.10[25]
3 "Monsters" November 5, 2017 3.8 8.52[14] 2.2 4.47 6.0 13.01[26]
4 "Some Guy" November 12, 2017 3.9 8.69[15] 1.8 3.66 5.7 12.36[27]1
5 "The Big Scary U" November 19, 2017 3.4 7.85[16] 1.7 3.58 5.3 11.87[28]
6 "The King, the Widow, and Rick" November 26, 2017 3.6 8.28[17] 2.1 4.44 5.7 12.73[29]
7 "Time for After" December 3, 2017 3.3 7.47[18] 1.9 4.15 5.2 11.63[30]
8 "How It's Gotta Be" December 10, 2017 3.4 7.89[19] 2.0 4.23 5.4 12.13[31]
9 "Honor" February 25, 2018 3.6 8.28[20] TBD TBD TBD TBD
10 "The Lost and the Plunderers" March 4, 2018 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
11 "Dead or Alive Or" March 11, 2018 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
12 "The Key" March 18, 2018 TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
^1 Live +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Schwartz, Ryan (July 18, 2017). "Walking Dead Gets Season 8 Premiere Date, Plus Fear TWD Return Date". TVLine. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Hibberd, James (October 16, 2016). "Walking Dead gets early season 8 renewal". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved October 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ Zalben, Alexander (December 10, 2017). "Here's When The Walking Dead Will Return in 2018". TV Guide. Retrieved January 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Goldberg, Lesley (April 17, 2017). "'Walking Dead' Promotes Trio to Series Regular for Season 8". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved May 4, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c Ausiello, Michael (April 17, 2017). "The Walking Dead Promotes 3 Actors to Series Regular Ahead of Season 8". TV Line. Retrieved October 25, 2017.
Jump up ^ Peters, Megan (October 30, 2016). "Maria Bello Getting Role In The Walking Dead Season 8". Comicbook.com. Retrieved July 18, 2017.
Jump up ^ Davis, Brandon (April 24, 2017). "The Walking Dead Cast And Crew Assemble For Season 8". Comicbook.com. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Otterson, Joe (July 13, 2017). "'Walking Dead' Stuntman Dies After On-Set Accident". Variety. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Pedersen, Erik (July 17, 2017). "'Walking Dead' Production Resumes After Stuntman's Death". Deadline. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Davis, Brandon (April 25, 2017). "Exclusive: Greg Nicotero To Direct The Walking Dead Episode 100, Season 8 Premiere". Comicbook.com. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Ross, Dalton (November 26, 2017). "The Walking Dead: Lennie James will cross over to Fear The Walking Dead". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved November 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 24, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'The Walking Dead' has lowest-rated premiere since Season 2". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 24, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (October 31, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'The Walking Dead' stumbles to 5-year low". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved October 31, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 7, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Shameless' has its best premiere in 4-plus years". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 14, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'The Walking Dead' improves, 'Shameless' dips in week 2". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 14, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 21, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 6-year low for 'The Walking Dead'". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 21, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (November 29, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: Hallmark's 'Switched for Christmas' hits a high, 'Walking Dead' rebounds some". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 29, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 5, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'The Walking Dead' goes low again". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 5, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (December 12, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'Walking Dead' fall finale ticks up, Season 8 still way down". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Porter, Rick (February 27, 2017). "Sunday cable ratings: 'The Walking Dead' returns a little higher". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c "The Walking Dead: Episode Guide". Zap2it. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Snierson, Dan (July 21, 2017). "The Walking Dead season 8 trailer teases surprise flash-forward". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Walking Dead: Season 8". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 3, 2017). "'Walking Dead' premiere grows a lot, still trails Season 7 debut by a lot: Cable Live +7 ratings for Oct. 16-22". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 9, 2017). "'Walking Dead,' 'AHS: Cult' way above everything else in cable Live +7 ratings for Oct. 23-29". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 17, 2017). "'American Horror Story: Cult' triples in cable Live +7 ratings for Oct. 30-Nov. 5". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 17, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (November 19, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' keeps pace in cable Live +3 ratings for Nov. 6-12". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved November 19, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 20, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' laps the field in cable Live +7 ratings for Nov. 20-26". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 7, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' laps the field in cable Live +7 ratings for Nov. 20-26". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 7, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 15, 2017). "'The Walking Dead' outpaces everything else in cable Live +7 ratings for Nov. 27-Dec. 3". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ Porter, Rick (December 21, 2017). "'Top Chef' premiere more than doubles in cable Live +7 ratings for Dec. 4-10". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved December 21, 2017.
External links[edit]
Horror fiction portal
Television portal
Official website
List of The Walking Dead episodes on IMDb
List of The Walking Dead episodes at TV.com
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Category
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The Walking Dead episodes
Season 1
"Days Gone Bye"
"Guts"
"Tell It to the Frogs"
"Vatos"
"Wildfire"
"TS-19"
Season 2
"What Lies Ahead"
"Bloodletting"
"Save the Last One"
"Cherokee Rose"
"Chupacabra"
"Secrets"
"Pretty Much Dead Already"
"Nebraska"
"Triggerfinger"
"18 Miles Out"
"Judge, Jury, Executioner"
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"Beside the Dying Fire"
Season 3
"Seed"
"Sick"
"Walk with Me"
"Killer Within"
"Say the Word"
"Hounded"
"When the Dead Come Knocking"
"Made to Suffer"
"The Suicide King"
"Home"
"I Ain't a Judas"
"Clear"
"Arrow on the Doorpost"
"Prey"
"This Sorrowful Life"
"Welcome to the Tombs"
Season 4
"30 Days Without an Accident"
"Infected"
"Isolation"
"Indifference"
"Internment"
"Live Bait"
"Dead Weight"
"Too Far Gone"
"After"
"Inmates"
"Claimed"
"Still"
"Alone"
"The Grove"
"Us"
"A"
Season 5
"No Sanctuary"
"Strangers"
"Four Walls and a Roof"
"Slabtown"
"Self Help"
"Consumed"
"Crossed"
"Coda"
"What Happened and What's Going On"
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Clear Light of Day
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Cover of the first American edition of Clear Light of Day by Anita Desai (1980)
Clear Light of Day is a novel published in 1980 by Indian novelist and three-time Booker Prize finalist Anita Desai. Set primarily in Old Delhi, the story describes the tensions in a post-partition Indian family, starting with the characters as adults and moving back into their lives throughout the course of the novel. While the primary theme is the importance of family, other predominant themes include the importance of forgiveness, the power of childhood, and the status of women, particularly their role as mothers and caretakers, in modern-day India.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot summary
2 Background
3 Historical setting
3.1 Partition
3.2 Delhi
3.3 Religious
4 Symbolism and motifs
4.1 Education
4.2 Music
4.3 Separation
4.4 Language
4.5 Nature
4.6 Other motifs and symbolism
5 Themes
5.1 Family
5.2 Forgiveness
6 Poetry in Clear Light of Day
7 Awards and reception
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Plot summary[edit]
The novel is split into four sections covering the Das family from the children’s perspective in this order: adulthood, adolescence and early adulthood, childhood, and a final return to an adult perspective in the final chapter.
The story centers on the Das family, who have grown apart with adulthood. It starts with Tara, whose husband Bakul is India’s ambassador to the USA, greeting her sister Bimla (Bim), who lives in the family's Old Delhi home, teaching history and taking care of their autistic brother Baba. Their conversation eventually comes to Raja, their brother who lives in Hyderabad. Bim, not wanting to go to the wedding of Raja’s daughter, shows Tara an old letter from when Raja became her landlord, in which he unintentionally insulted her after the death of his father-in-law, the previous landlord. The section closes with the two sisters visiting the neighbors, the Misras.[2]
In part two of the novel, the setting switches to partition-era India, when the characters are adolescents in the house. Raja is severely ill with tuberculosis and is left to Bim’s ministrations. Aunt Mira ("Mira-masi"), their supposed caretaker after the death of the children’s often absent parents, dies of alcoholism. Earlier, Raja's fascination with Urdu attracts the attention of the family's Muslim landlord, Hyder Ali, whom Raja idolizes. After recovering from TB, Raja follows Hyder Ali to Hyderabad. Tara escapes from the situation through marriage to Bakul, leaving Bim to provide for Baba alone, in the midst of the partition and the death of Gandhi.[3]
In part three Bim, Raja and Tara are depicted awaiting the birth of their brother Baba in pre-partition India. Aunt Mira, widowed by her husband and mistreated by her in-laws, is brought in to help with Baba, who is autistic, and to raise the children. Raja is fascinated with poetry. He shares a close bond with Bim, the head girl at school, although they often exclude Tara. Tara wants to be a mother, although this fact brings ridicule from Raja and Bim, who want to be heroes.[4]
The final section returns to modern India and shows Tara confronting Bim over Raja's daughter's wedding and Bim's broken relationship with Raja. This climaxes when Bim explodes at Baba. After her anger fades, she decides that family love is irreplaceable and can cover all wrongs. After Tara leaves, she goes to her neighbors the Misras for a concert, where she is touched by the unbreakable relationship they seem to have. She tells Tara to come back from the wedding with Raja and forgives him.[5]
Background[edit]
Desai considers Clear Light of Day her most autobiographical work as it is set during her own coming of age and also in the same neighbourhood in which she grew up.[6] She describes herself as placing "a premium on setting", unlike other Indian writers.[7]
Historical setting[edit]
Partition[edit]
The book is set at various times around the partition in Old Delhi. The tension between Muslims and Hindus are clearly shown by the father's refusal to allow Raja to go to a Muslim university and study Urdu literature because he has cause to fear for his safety. The book also mentions the partition riots as well as the refugee camps. It also depicts the flight of the Alis, the Das’s Muslim landlords and neighbors.
These tensions often escalated into riots, but not in Old Delhi. The Hindus' claim to India led to the neglect, abuse and often violence towards Muslims in India or Hindus in Pakistan. The nation of India was torn apart in a violent manner, leaving refugees on both side of the border and mutual anger and hostility. The suspicious nature of the partition is also evidenced in the plainclothes police who felt Raja could be a Pakistani spy.[8][9][10]
Delhi[edit]
In the book, Old Delhi is frequently referred to as old, stagnant, or decaying. Old Delhi is overcrowded and generally overlooked in favor of New Delhi. New Delhi is considered vibrant, modern and alive. In the book New Delhi is where the characters, specifically Bakul, go to avoid the soporific effects of Old Delhi or even to be connected with the outside world. Bim is in New Delhi when she hears of Gandhi death, and Raja finds diversion and entertainment as a teenager in New Delhi.[11]
Religious[edit]
The religious undercurrents in the book manifest themselves in two ways: the partition (see above), and Raja’s relationship with the Alis. As a young adult he found acceptance (albeit not inclusion) in Hyder Ali’s nightly gatherings. His fascination with the Muslim culture, however, first manifests itself when he takes Urdu instead of Hindi, a language he considers banal, at school. Eventually he integrates himself into the Muslim culture and marries Hyder Ali's daughter, Benazir. However this relationship is strained during the partition and the Ali’s subsequent flight to Hyderabad.[12]
Symbolism and motifs[edit]
Education[edit]
During the book education is mentioned a lot. Not just school, but also in the nightly gatherings at the Ali’s. Raja and Bim both go to college, although Raja’s education is much more prominent. Even Hyderabad, where he went following the Alis, is a considered a place of learning in India; it is the home of universities such as Osmania University, one of the oldest in India.[13] Raja symbolizes culture refinement and knowledge, as does poetry.
Music[edit]
The primary manifestations of music in the book are Baba's gramophone, Dr. Biswas's musical inclinations, and Mulk's singing at the end of the book. The idea of music relating to life experiences is present. Baba constantly playing his gramophone at the same volume with the same records shows the stagnation of his development. Dr. Biswas refinement in musical taste shows the personal refinement he learned in Europe. Mulk and the Guru show that while life alters our experiences, we are still the same people; as they used the same style but with different experiences shaping their performance.
This is confirmed by Mulk complaining about his sisters sending away his musicians, like the partition of India. But the musicians return at the end of the book to accompany Mulk.
Tara also mentions her daughters' music but says it develops with their growth.[14][15]
Of particular interest is what music Desai has Baba play; all the records are from the same time period and he never gets any new ones. But the most potent of these songs seems to be "Don't Fence Me In", performed by Bing Crosby. Every primary character in the book with the exception of Bim finds some way to escape. A song about being free, however, is what angers the one character who, on the surface, had no desire to do so.[16]
Separation[edit]
The novel tells not just the story of the separation of a family, but also of a nation. The partition of India is a tangible reality that is concurrent to Raja leaving, Tara marrying, the deaths of the Das parents as well as Aunt Mira, and the separation of the Das family. These familial separations are parallel to the social events leading up to Partition and to the continued social upheaval that followed the separation of Pakistan from India.
The summer of 1947 is described as tumultuous: it is the summer when Bim takes care of Raja in his illness, the Hyder Ali family abandons Delhi for Hyderabad under the threat of ethnic violence, and the father of the Das family dies. During the previous summer of 1946, the same summer that Jinnah made public demands for a Muslim homeland, the mother of the Das family had also died. The dissolution in the family that begins in 1946 parallels the growing Partition movement and the escalation of violence, such as the attacks in Calcutta in August 1946, in response to this division into two nations. In the summer of 1947, Tara marries Bakul and they leave for Ceylon (Sri Lanka), leaving Bim alone to care for the remaining family members: this coincides with the official division of India from Pakistan in August of that same year. The following summer, after the death of Gandhi earlier in January 1948 and the continued flight of refugees across Indian borders, Aunt Mira dies and Raja leaves for Hyderabad, thus isolating Bim further and leaving her to care for those who are left behind: Baba and herself. In particular, each of the three people who escaped (Tara, Raja and Aunt Mira) used a way of escape common during the Partition era: Tara fled the country for somewhere else, Raja fled to a Muslim center, and Aunt Mira left the earth entirely.[17]
Language[edit]
Each of the languages in Clear Light of Day represents different things. Urdu is the language of culture, refinement, and knowledge. Hindi is considered every day, mundane and banal.[12] Additionally the repeated examples of poetry emphasize the beauty of the one language compared to the other as more often than not they are in Urdu. Raja expounds how an Urdu poet could do that in a single couplet. Urdu symbolizes Raja and the Ali's culture and sophistication.[18][19]
Nature[edit]
Nature is omnipresent in Anita Desai’s Clear Light of Day. The children are constantly in the garden to escape the stuffy interior. Gatherings happen outside, such as at Hyder Ali’s house and the Misra’s; Tara’s guilt is physically represented by bees; Nature is present even on clothes and in the poetry that Bim and Raja recite. It is significant that the novel begins with a description of the garden (“the koels began to call before daylight”), and Anita Desai clearly places an emphasis on setting. Nature in the novel is a source of entertainment, but more significantly, it is often analogous to the relationships and actions of the characters.
The first function of Nature in the novel is as a source of entertainment and learning for the Das children. The first instance of this is when Tara, at the very beginning of the story, thinking she has seen a pearl, finds a snail instead and plays with it, as she did when they were children, performing “the rites of childhood over the creature”. A few pages later, Tara muses over the “rustic pleasures” that she used to derive from the garden, longing to run to the guava trees and find a whole one to bite into. The garden is their source of refreshment in the heat of summer, and the nature filled surroundings provide Tara with reprieve from the business of her city life. The garden is “overgrown”, “neglected” and “uncontrolled”, not perfect and square, so she feels like she can relax and forget about her engagement book. It also shows the contrast between Tara and Bim.
Nature’s second function in the novel is to mirror or complement the actions or feelings of the characters in the book. Many paragraphs end with a reference to Nature, such as “the dog suddenly pounced upon the flea” or “a koel lifted itself out of the heavy torpor of the afternoon and called tentatively, as if enquiring into the existence of the evening”. This offers a parallel between what has just happened in the story and the natural world. The dog pounces on the flea immediately after Bakul tells Bim that he will marry Tara, and could represent Bim’s isolation beginning to trap her. The koel calls tentatively after Bim has come to an understanding of herself and her relationship with her family and is finally at peace. It could be seen as her uplifting rebirth. Another parallel we can find is the heat of the summer and the political heat of 1947. The most important analogy between Nature and the human world is the garden. At the beginning of the novel, the roses are said to have grown smaller and sicker; they are “dusted with disease”. At the end of the novel, there is a dust storm which mirrors the discussion Bim and Tara are having about Raja, and which leaves the garden “shrouded in dust” and everything looking “ancient and bent”. The garden, so beautiful and enjoyable in their childhood, has become old and grey as the years have progressed and the Das children have grown apart. Nature in the novel is also beautiful and dangerous at the same time. For example, mosquitoes are mentioned at the beginning as “singing and stinging”, and when the gardener waters the garden, “bringing out the green scent of watered earth and refreshed plants”, mynahs quarrel and parrots come, a “lurid, shrieking green”, ripping flowers to bits. This carries a warning and can be compared with human relationships, especially the relationship between Tara, Bim and Raja.
Finally, Nature is used as a point of comparison with the characters themselves. There is a long metaphor in which Aunt Mira and the children are compared to plants and trees, Aunt Mira being the “tree that grew at the centre of their lives”: “Soon they grew tall, soon they grew strong. They wrapped themselves around her, smothering her in leaves and flowers. She laughed at the profusion, the beauty of this little grove that was the whole forest to her, the whole world. (…) she would just be the old log, the dried mass of roots on which they grew. She was the tree, she was the soil, she was the earth.” This metaphor is continued when Baba is compared to a “plant grown underground”, emphasizing the difference between him and his siblings. It also contrasts with the image that we are given of the Das parents. The roses in the garden were supposedly planted by the father, but neither he nor the gardener knew how to take care of them, so although beautiful at first, they withered. The fact that Tara doesn’t know for sure that her father planted them compares with his constant absence in his children’s lives. Like the roses, the Das children were not properly cared for which has led them to bicker and row, ultimately failing to understand each other. The cow, warm and soft, can also be seen as the Das parents trying to offer comfort and nourishment to their children, but the cow, like the Das parents and Aunt Mira, dies, leaving the children alone, Raja and Tara longing to escape and Bim bitter. Additionally, both Aunt Mira and Tara are compared to birds, at different moments in the book. Aunt Mira, weak with alcoholism, “almost ceased to be human, became bird instead, and old bird with its feathers plucked, its bones jutting out from under the blue tinged skin, too antique, too crushed to move.” Tara, when Bim cuts off her hair, looks “like a baby pigeon fallen out of its nest, blue-skinned and bristly, crouching behind the water tank and crying”. The idea of a bird too weak to fly is an accurate representation of Aunt Mira, widowed and rejected, and Tara, who is an introvert with no grand ambitions. It seems to point to what Tara might have become without Bakul, and adds to the contrast between the two sisters.
Other motifs and symbolism[edit]
Birds
Flowers (Roses)
Duality (Light and Dark)
Stagnation
Women in India
The passage of Time
Themes[edit]
Family[edit]
Bim's breakdown at the end of the book results in remarkable clarity of thought. In this insight, she concludes that the bond of family is greater than any other thing in this world, that she felt their pains, and that she couldn’t live without them.[20]
Forgiveness[edit]
Bim's inability to forgive Raja demonstrates that the deepest hurts come from the closest bonds.[21] However she does find it in herself at the end of the book to forgive Raja for the insult and realize the importance of family.[22]
Poetry in Clear Light of Day[edit]
In this book, Desai quotes poems 12 different times, in addition to using a line by Iqbal as a part of a song at the end of the book.[23] Poets quoted include T. S. Eliot (The Waste Land and Burnt Norton),[24][25] Alfred, Lord Tennyson (Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal, Now the White),[26] Lord Byron (Isles of Greece)[27] Sir Muhammad Iqbal ("Thou didst create...into an antidote", and "Your world is the world...over my world you have dominion")[28] Algernon Charles Swinburne (The Garden of Proserpine)[29] and D. H. Lawrence (Ship of Death).[30] The poetry each serves to convey not only a particular aspect involved in the poem, but also the importance of education.
Awards and reception[edit]
In 1980 Clear Light of Day was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize, although it did not win.[31]
See also[edit]
Novels portal
Burnt Norton
Fasting, Feasting
In Custody
The Village by the Sea
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Desai, Anita. Clear Light of Day. 1st Mariner books ed. New York: Mariner Books, 2000. Print.
Jump up ^ Desai pp. 1–43
Jump up ^ Desai pp. 44–101
Jump up ^ Desai pp. 102–141
Jump up ^ Desai pp. 142–183
Jump up ^ "Notes on the Biography of Anita Desai" Archived January 20, 2007, at the Wayback Machine.. Elizabeth Ostberg. 12 February 2000. Haverford.edu. Retrieved 2012-06-21.
Jump up ^ Bliss, Corinne D. "Against the Current: a Conversation with Anita Desai." JSTOR. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2010.
Jump up ^ Census of India, 1941 and 1951.
Jump up ^ Ansari, Sarah. 2005. Life after Partition: Migration, Community and Strife in Sindh: 1947—1962. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. 256 pages. [[[International Standard Book Number (identifier)|ISBN]] 019597834X.]
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 45–46, 50–53, 59, 71–72, 75, 85, 101
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 4–5, 17–19
^ Jump up to: a b Desai pg. 47
Jump up ^ NAAC. "INTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE CELL. Welcome to Osmania University Hyderabad[permanent dead link] N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2010.
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 13, 38
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 177
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 12, 14, 163
Jump up ^ Rao, P. Mallikarjuna. Postcolonial Theory and Literature. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 2003. Print.
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 46
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 2, 41, 45, 46, 47, 50, 55, 82, 83, 98, 100, 182
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 165
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 25, 27
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 181–182
Jump up ^ Desai pg. 2, 41, 45, 46, 47, 50, 55, 83, 98, 100, 182
Jump up ^ Eliot, T. S. "The Waste Land" Bartleby.com: 26 Sept. 2010
Jump up ^ Eliot, T. S. "Burnt Norton". 26 Sept. 2010
Jump up ^ Lord Tennyson, Alfred. "Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal" by Alfred, Lord Tennyson. PoemHunter.Com 26 Sept. 2010
Jump up ^ Lord Byron. "Isles of Greece". George Gordon Byron, Lord Byron. The Oxford Book of English Verse. Bartleby.com. 26 Sept. 2010
Jump up ^ Iqbal, Muhammad. Thou didst create the night, but I made the lamp. Thou didst create cl...." 26 Sept. 2010
Jump up ^ Swinburne, Algernon Charles. "Garden of Proserpine" by Algernon Charles Swinburne." 26 Sept. 2010
Jump up ^ Lawrence, D. H. "The Ship of Death" Archived 2008-05-21 at the Wayback Machine. Digital Writing and Research Lab. 27 Sept. 2010
Jump up ^ "Anita Desai." Contemporary Writers in the UK. British Council, 27 Sept. 2010
External links[edit]
Clear Light of Day – Google Book
[hide]
v
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e
Novels by Anita Desai
The Artist Of Disappearance (2011)
The Zigzag Way (2004)
Diamond Dust and Other Stories (2000)
Fasting, Feasting (1999)
Journey to Ithaca (1995)
Baumgartner's Bombay (1988)
In Custody (1984)
The Village By The Sea (1982)
Clear Light of Day (1980)
Games at Twilight (1978)
Fire on the Mountain (1977)
Cat on a Houseboat (1976)
Where Shall We Go This Summer? (1975)
The Peacock Garden (1974)
Bye-bye Blackbird (1971)
Voices in the City (1965)
Cry, The Peacock (1963)
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Tell Your Heart to Beat Again
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"Tell Your Heart to Beat Again"
Single by Danny Gokey
from the album Hope in Front of Me
and La Esperanza Frente a Mi
Released
January 8, 2016 (2016-01-08)
Format
Digital download
Genre
Christian pop
blue-eyed soul
Length
3:53
Label
BMG-Chrysalis
Songwriter(s)
Bernie Herms
Randy Phillips
Matthew West
Producer(s)
Bernie Herms
Danny Gokey singles chronology
"Lift Up Your Eyes"
(2015) "Tell Your Heart to Beat Again"
(2016) "Rise"
(2016)
"Lift Up Your Eyes"
(2015) "Tell Your Heart to Beat Again"
(2016) "Rise"
(2016)
Music video
"Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" on YouTube
"Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" is a song written by Bernie Herms, Randy Phillips, and Matthew West and originally recorded by Contemporary Christian-Worship trio, Phillips, Craig and Dean for their twelfth studio album, Breathe In (2012).[1] It was later recorded by American singer Danny Gokey for his second studio album, Hope in Front of Me (2014), with production by Herms. Gokey's rendition was released to Christian radio January 8, 2016 through BMG-Chrysalis as the album's third single.[2] The song reached number two on the Billboard Christian Songs chart, earning Gokey his highest-charting single to date.[3]
In May 2016, an extended play featuring a Spanish version of the song, titled "Que Tu Corazón Vuelva a Latir", was released in promotion of Gokey's fourth studio album, La Esperanza Frente a Mi (2016), a Spanish re-recording of Hope in Front of Me.[4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Music video
2.1 Response
3 Reception
3.1 Accolades
3.2 Commercial
4 Track listing
5 Charts
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year end charts
6 Release history
7 References
8 External links
Composition[edit]
"Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" is a midtempo, piano-driven ballad written by Bernie Herms, Randy Phillips, and Matthew West. Initially composed in the style of Contemporary Christian music, Gokey's recording also includes influences of blue-eyed soul and country pop. According to the sheet music published by BMG Rights Management, "Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" is composed in the key of D Minor and set in common time (4
4) to a "flowing" tempo of approximately 67 BPM.[5] The song follows a chord progression of E – Dm7 – B♭sus2 – F5 – Csus4 and includes a two octave vocal range spanning from C4 through C6.[5] Lyrically, the song tells a story of starting over and moving on after a tragedy, with the narrator's faith in God bolstering his resilience.[6]
Music video[edit]
An accompanying video was directed by Kristin Barlowe and premiered June 1, 2016.[7] It focuses on a woman who releases her sadness through dance and a man who takes up boxing to defend himself after a mugging incident, both shown to have grown stronger through their struggles.
Response[edit]
The video received a nomination for Short Form Video of the Year at the 2016 GMA Dove Awards.[8]
Reception[edit]
Accolades[edit]
The song was nominated for Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year at the 2016 GMA Dove Awards.[8]
Commercial[edit]
"Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" entered the Christian Songs chart dated August 8, 2015 as an album track.[9] It re-entered at 32 on the chart dated January 2, 2016 following the announcement of its release as a single.[10] The song reached its peak position of two on the chart dated April 16, 2016 and was the week's greatest gainer in digital sales.[11] In reaching this position, the song surpassed 2014's "Hope in Front of Me" as Gokey's highest-charting entry.[12] It peaked at number two on the Christian Digital Songs sales chart the same week.[13]
Track listing[edit]
Extended play[4]
No.
Title
Length
1. "Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" 3:53
2. "Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" (Spanglish version) 3:53
3. "Que Tu Corazon Vuelva a Latir" 4:01
4. "Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" (remix) 3:59
5. "Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" (accompaniment track) 4:04
Total length: 19:50
Charts[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2016)
Peak
position
US Christian Songs (Billboard)[14]
2
Year end charts[edit]
Chart (2016)
Position
US Christian Songs (Billboard)[15]
5
Release history[edit]
Country
Date
Format
Label
Ref.
United States January 8, 2016 Christian radio
BMG
Chrysalis
[2]
Worldwide May 6, 2016 Extended play BMG [4]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Breathe In - Phillips, Craig and Dean | Songs, Reviews, Credits". AllMusic. All Media Network. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Danny Gokey – Tell Your Heart to Beat Again (album version)". Play MPE. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Danny Gokey - Chart history (Christian Songs)". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Amazon.com: Tell Your Heart to Beat Again - EP: Danny Gokey: MP3 Downloads". Amazon Music. Amazon.com. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Danny Gokey "Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" Sheet Music in D Minor". Musicnotes.com. BMG Rights Management. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ Andre, Jonathan (May 11, 2016). "Danny Gokey – Tell Your Heart to Beat Again EP". 365 Days of Inspiring Media. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Tell Your Heart to Beat Again - Danny Gokey" (video). Vevo. June 1, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "2016 Nominees". GMA Dove Awards. Gospel Music Association. Archived from the original on October 11, 2016. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ ""Tell Your Heart to Beat Again" on Hot Christian Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. p. 2. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Hot Christian Songs: The Week Of January 9, 2016". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved November 12, 2016. (NB: See "last week" position on hover-over information panel)
Jump up ^ "Hot Christian Songs: The Week Of April 16, 2016". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Danny Gokey - Chart history (Christian Songs)". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Christian Digital Song Sales: The Week Of April 16, 2016". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved November 12, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Danny Gokey – Chart history" Billboard Christian Songs for Danny Gokey. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
Jump up ^ "2Hot Christian Songs - Year-End 2016". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved December 9, 2016.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
[hide]
v
t
e
Danny Gokey
Studio albums
My Best Days (2010)
Hope in Front of Me (2014)
Christmas Is Here (2015)
La Esperanza Frente a Mi (2016)
Rise (2017)
Singles
"My Best Days Are Ahead of Me"
"I Will Not Say Goodbye"
"Second Hand Heart"
"Hope in Front of Me"
"More Than You Think I Am"
"Lift Up Your Eyes"
"Tell Your Heart to Beat Again"
"Rise"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tell_Your_Heart_to_Beat_Again&oldid=760202404"
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This page was last edited on 15 January 2017, at 16:00.
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