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Dharavi
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This article is about the locality in Mumbai. For other uses, see Dharavi (disambiguation).
neighbourhood in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Dharavi
neighbourhood
Raghul(geo project) flats entrance Dharavi
Dharavi
Coordinates: 19°02′25″N 72°51′03″E / 19.040208°N 72.85085°E / 19.040208; 72.85085Coordinates: 19°02′25″N 72°51′03″E / 19.040208°N 72.85085°E / 19.040208; 72.85085
Country
India
State
Maharashtra
Metro
Mumbai
Area
• Total
2.165 km2 (0.836 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate (2016)
600,000 – 1,000,000
Languages
• Official
Marathi & Tamil
Time zone
IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN CODE
400017
Telephone Code
022
Vehicle registration
MH-02
Civic agency
BMC
Dharavi compared to other large slums in the world. Map according to Mike Davis.
Another side of the Dharavi slum (2009). A temple and the slum's retail area can be seen in the upper left corner.
Dharavi is a locality in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.[1] This slum is the Largest in the continent of Asia[2][3] and one of the largest slums in the world,[3][4] with an area of just over 2.1 square kilometres (0.81 sq mi; 520 acres).[5] Holding a population of around 700,000 and a population density of over 277,136/km2 (717,780/sq mi), Dharavi is one of the densest areas in the world. It is highly occupied by Tamil people during the large influx of Tamil migrants came in the 1920s. Bombay's first Tamil school and Dharavi's first school was constructed in 1924.[6][12]
The Dharavi slum was founded in 1883 during the British colonial era, and grew in part because of an expulsion of factories and residents from the peninsular city centre by the colonial government, and from the migration of poor rural Indians into urban Mumbai (then called Bombay).[7] For this reason, Dharavi is currently a highly multi-religious, multi-ethnic, and diverse settlement.[8]
Dharavi has an active informal economy in which numerous household enterprises employ many of the slum residents–[9] leather, textiles and pottery products are among the goods made inside Dharavi. The total annual turnover has been estimated at over US$1 billion.[10]
Dharavi has suffered from many epidemics and other disasters, including a widespread plague in 1896 which killed over half of the population of Mumbai.[11]
Contents
[hide]
1 History
1.1 Colonial era
1.2 Post-independence
1.3 Redevelopment plans
2 Demographics
3 Location and characteristics
4 Economy
5 Utility services
5.1 Sanitation issues
6 Epidemics and other disasters
7 Guided tours through Dharavi
8 In the media
9 See also
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
History[edit]
In the 18th century, Dharavi was an island with predominantly mangrove swamp.[15][16].[12] It was a sparsely populated village before the late 19th century, inhabited by Koli fishermen.[6][13] Dharavi was then referred to as the village of Koliwadas.[7]
Colonial era[edit]
Mumbai has been one of the centers of India's urbanization for 200 years. At the middle of the 19th century, after decades of urban growth under East India Company and British Raj, the city's population reached half a million. The urban area then covered mostly the southern extension of Mumbai peninsula, the population density was over 10 times higher than London at that time.[7]
Shanty dwellings next to railway tracks in Dharavi (about 2010). A mosque inside the slum is visible. The railway network provides mass transit to the slum residents.
The most polluting industries were tanneries, and the first tannery moved from peninsular Mumbai into Dharavi in 1887. People who worked with leather, typically a profession of lowest Hindu castes and of Muslim Indians, moved into Dharavi. Other early settlers included the Kumbars, a large Gujarati community of potters (another polluting industry). The colonial government granted them a 99-year land-lease in 1895. Rural migrants looking for jobs poured into Mumbai, and its population soared past 1 million. Other artisans, like the embroidery workers from Uttar Pradesh, started the ready-made garments trade.[6] These industries created jobs, labor moved in, but there was no government effort to plan or invest in any infrastructure in or near Dharavi. The living quarters and small scale factories grew haphazardly, without provision for sanitation, drains, safe drinking water, roads or other basic services. But some ethnic, caste and religious communities that have settled in Dharavi at that time helped build the settlement of Dharavi, by forming organizations and political parties, building school and temples, constructing homes and factories.[13] Dharavi's first mosque, Badi Masjid, started in 1887 and the oldest Hindu temple, Ganesh Mandir, was built in 1913.[7]
Post-independence[edit]
At India's independence from colonial rule in 1947, Dharavi had grown to be the largest slum in Mumbai and all of India. It still had a few empty spaces, which continued to serve as waste-dumping grounds for operators across the city.[7] Mumbai, meanwhile, continued to grow as a city. Soon Dharavi was surrounded by the city, and became a key hub for informal economy.[14] Starting from 1950s, proposals for Dharavi redevelopment plans periodically came out, but most of these plans failed because of lack of financial banking and/or political support.[13] Dharavi's Co-operative Housing Society was formed in the 1960s to uplift the lives of thousands of slum dwellers by the initiative of Shri. M.V. Duraiswamy, a well-known social worker and congress leader of that region. The society promoted 338 flats and 97 shops and was named for Dr. Baliga Nagar. By the late 20th century, Dharavi occupied about 175 hectares (432 acres), with an astounding population density of more than 2900 people per hectare (1200/acre).[7][15]
Redevelopment plans[edit]
A traditional pottery unit in Dharavi.
Street vendors and farmers market along the road passing through Dharavi slum in Mumbai.
There have been many plans since 1997 to redevelop Dharavi like the former slums of Hong Kong such as Tai Hang. In 2004, the cost of redevelopment was estimated to be ₹5,000 crore (US$750 million).[16] Companies from around the world have bid to redevelop Dharavi,[17] including Lehman Brothers, Dubai's Limitless and Singapore's Capitaland Ltd.[17] In 2010, it is estimated to cost ₹15,000 crore (US$2.2 billion) to redevelop.[16]
The latest urban redevelopment plan proposed for the Dharavi area is managed by American-trained architect Mukesh Mehta[6] The plan[18] involves the construction of 2,800,000 square metres (30,000,000 sq ft) of housing, schools, parks and roads to serve the 57,000 families residing in the area, along with 3,700,000 square metres (40,000,000 sq ft) of residential and commercial space for sale. There is still a significant local opposition to the plans, largely because existing residents still feel 33 square metres (350 sq ft) of revised permanent alternate accommodation per tenant is not adequate each. Furthermore, only those families who lived in the area before 2000 are slated for resettlement. Concerns have also been raised by residents who fear that some of their small businesses in the "informal" sector may not be relocated under the redevelopment plan. Due to this opposition, a trust has been proposed called the Dharavi Community Land Trust that will be made up of community members, landowners, and neighborhood associations.
Demographics[edit]
The total current population of Dharavi slum is unknown, and estimates vary widely. Some sources suggest it is 300,000[19][20] to about a million.[21] With Dharavi spread over 200 hectares (500 acres), it is also estimated to have a population density of an incredible 869,565 people per square mile. With a literacy rate of 69%, the slums in Mumbai are the most literate in the world [22]
About 33% of the population of Dharavi is Muslim, compared to 13% average population of Muslims in India.[23][24] The Christian population is estimated to be about 6%,[25] while the rest are predominantly Hindus (60%), with some Buddhists and other minority religions. Among the Hindus, about 20% work on animal skin production, tanneries and leather goods. Other Hindus specialize in pottery work, textile goods manufacturing, retail and trade, distilleries and other caste professions - all of these as small-scale household operations. The slum residents are from all over India, people who migrated from rural regions of many different states.[26] The slum has numerous mosques, temples and churches to serve people of Islam, Hindu and Christian faiths; with Badi Masjid, a mosque, as the oldest religious structure in Dharavi.
Location and characteristics[edit]
Dharavi is located in Ward H East, marked in dark blue, one of the many British-era administrative wards of Mumbai city limits (yellow). Dharavi is southern end of Ward H East, and other residential and commercial areas in the Ward marked in dark blue include Santacruz, Vile Parle and Mahim.
Dharavi is a large area situated between Mumbai's two main suburban railway lines, the Western and Central Railways. To the west of Dharavi are Mahim and Bandra, and to the north lies the Mithi River. The Mithi River empties into the Arabian Sea through the Mahim Creek.The area of Antop Hill lies to the east while the locality called Matunga is located in the South. Due to its location and poor sewage and drainage systems, Dharavi particularly becomes vulnerable to floods during the wet season.
Dharavi is considered one of the largest slums in the world. The low-rise building style and narrow street structure of the area make Dharavi very cramped and confined. Like most slums, it is overpopulated. Compared to Mumbai's urban floor space index (FSI) of a range from 5 to 15, in Dharavi it is about 1.33. Government officials are considering changing the Dharavi's floor space index to 4. Despite the expensive Mumbai lifestyle, Dharavi provides a cheap alternative where rent is as low as Rs.1000 per month.
Economy[edit]
An embroidery unit in Dharavi.
In addition to the traditional pottery and textile industries in Dharavi,[6] there is an increasingly large recycling industry, processing recyclable waste from other parts of Mumbai. Recycling in Dharavi is reported to employ approximately 250,000 people.[27] While recycling is a major industry in the neighborhood, it is also reported to be a source of heavy pollution in the area.[27] The district has an estimated 5000 businesses[28] and 15,000 single-room factories.[27] Two major suburban railways feed into Dharavi, making it an important commuting station for people in the area going to and from work.
Dharavi exports goods around the world.[9] Often these consist of various leather products, jewelry, various accessories, and textiles. Markets for Dharavi's goods include stores in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East.[9] The total (and largely informal economy) turnover is estimated to be between US$500 million,[10] over US$650 million per year,[29] to over US$1 billion per year.[27] The per capita income of the residents, depending on estimated population range of 300,000 to about 1 million, ranges between US$500 to US$2000 per year.
Utility services[edit]
Potable water is supplied by the MCGM to Dharavi and the whole of Mumbai. There's a large amount of water lost by way of water thefts, illegal connection and leakage.[30] The community also has a number of water wells that are sources of non-potable water.
The original power supply was undertook by the Brihanmumbai Electricity Supply and Transport (BEST), which distributes power to the island city. In year 2007, BEST had drawn up a plan for segregating Dharavi from the rest of the city. It was reported that power supply to Dharavi would be privatised on the lines of Bhiwandi to curb power thefts.[31]
Cooking gas is supplied in the form of liquefied petroleum gas cylinders sold by state-owned oil companies,[32] as well as through piped natural gas supplied by Mahanagar Gas Limited.[33]
There are still settlement houses that do not have legal connections to the utility service, and rely on illegal connection to the water and power supply.
Sanitation issues[edit]
Inside Dharavi
Mosque in Dharavi
Dharavi has severe problems with public health. Water access derives from public standpipes stationed throughout the slum. Additionally, with the limited lavatories they have, they are extremely filthy and broken down to the point of being unsafe. Mahim Creek is a local river that is widely used by local residents for urination and defecation causing the spread of contagious diseases.[6] The open sewers in the city drain to the creek causing a spike in water pollutants, septic conditions, and foul odors. Due to the air pollutants, diseases such as lung cancer, tuberculosis, and asthma are common among residents. There are government proposals in regards to improving Dharavi's sanitation issues. The residents have a section where they wash their clothes in water that people defecate in. This spreads the amount of disease as doctors have to deal with over 4,000 cases of typhoid a day. There is also an average of 1 toilet per 1,450 people.[34]
Epidemics and other disasters[edit]
Dharavi has experienced a long history of epidemics and natural disasters, sometimes with significant loss of lives. The first plague to devastate Dharavi, along with other settlements of Mumbai happened in 1896, when nearly half of the population perished. A series of plagues and other epidemics continued to affect Dharavi, and Mumbai in general, for the next 25 years, with high rates of mortality.[35][36] Dysentery epidemics have been common throughout the years and explained by the high population density of Dharavi. Other epidemics reported include typhoid, cholera, leprosy, amoebiasis and polio, through recent years.[11][37] For example, in 1986, a children cholera epidemic was reported, where most patients were residents of Dharavi. Typical patients to arrive in hospitals were in late and critical care condition, and the mortality rates were abnormally high.[38] In recent years, cases of drug resistant tuberculosis have been reported in Dharavi.[39][40]
Fires and other disasters are common. For example, in January 2013, a fire destroyed many slum properties and caused injuries.[41] In 2005, massive floods caused deaths and extensive property damage.[42]
Guided tours through Dharavi[edit]
A few travel operators offer guided tours through Dharavi, showing the industrial and the residential part of Dharavi and explaining about the problems and challenges Dharavi is facing. These tours give a deeper insight into a slum in general and Dharavi in particular.[43]
Riwa Fort, also known as Kala Qilla or Black Fort, is a fort in central Mumbai (Bombay), India on the banks of the Mithi River. The fort is currently in a dilapidated condition amidst the Dharavi slums. It was built by the first governor of Bombay, Gerald Aungier (1669–1677). It was part of the larger Bombay Castle, and marked the northern portion of British-held Bombay in the 17th century. The castle was also used as a watchtower, guarding the territory against the Portuguese-held (and later Maratha-held) Salsette Island.
In the media[edit]
From the main road leading through Dharavi, the place makes a desperate impression. However, once having entered the narrow lanes Dharavi proves that the prejudice of slums as dirty, underdeveloped, and criminal places does not fit real living conditions. Sure, communal sanitation blocks that are mostly in a miserable condition and overcrowded space do not comfort the living. Inside the huts, it is, however, very clean, and some huts share some elements of beauty. Nice curtains at the windows and balconies covered by flowers and plants indicate that people try to arrange their homes as cosy and comfortable as possible.
- Denis Gruber et al. (2005)[44]
Dharavi has been depicted in a number of Hindi films produced by the Mumbai film industry. These include Salim-Javed films such as Deewaar (1975), Mira Nair's Salaam Bombay! (1988) where several child actors were from the Dharavi slum, Vidhu Vinod Chopra's Parinda (1989), Sudhir Mishra's Dharavi (1991), Ram Gopal Varma's "Indian Gangster Trilogy" (1998–2005) and Sarkar series (2005–2008), Vikram Bhatt's Footpath (2003), Anurag Kashyap's Black Friday (2004) and No Smoking (2007), Madhur Bhandarkar's Traffic Signal (2007), Rajeev Khandelwal's Aamir (2008), and other films based on the Mumbai underworld.
Dharavi has been depicted in films from other Indian film industries, particularly the Tamil film industry. Several films by Mani Ratnam based on the experiences of Tamil immigrants to Mumbai have depicted the Dharavi slum, including Nayakan (1987) and Bombay (1995).
Dharavi features prominently in Danny Boyle's 2008 film Slumdog Millionaire; several of the child actors in the film are from the Dharavi slum.
The movie Mankatha was shot there starring Ajith kumar.
The movie Businessman was shot here starring Mahesh Babu.
In Kaminey, the 2009 Hindi movie, starring Shahid Kapoor.
In the 2009 Swiss/German documentary Dharavi, Slum for Sale by Lutz Konermann and Rob Appleby.[45]
In a programme aired in the United Kingdom in January 2010, Kevin McCloud and Channel 4 aired a two-part series titled Slumming It[46] which centered around Dharavi and its inhabitants.
The poem "Blessing" by Imtiaz Dharker is about Dharavi not having enough water.
For The Win, by Cory Doctorow, is partially set in Dharavi.
In the 2014 movie Bhoothnath Returns, Bhoothnath (Amitabh Bachchan) contests for election from Dharavi against Bhau (Boman Irani).
In 2014, Belgian researcher Katrien Vankrunkelsven made a 22-minute film on Dharavi which is entitled The Way of Dharavi.[47]
In 2018, the movie Kaala starring Rajinikanth potrarys a man fighting for the rights of Tamils living in the Dharavi slums.
See also[edit]
Mumbai portal
Poverty in India
List of slums in India
Urbanisation in India
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Life in a Slum". BBC News. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
Jump up ^ Daniel Tovrov (9 December 2011). "5 Biggest Slums in the World". The International Business Times. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b Mark Jacobson (May 2007). "Dharavi". National Geographic. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Tara Young (31 October 2015). "5 Largest Slums in the World". The Borgen Project. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
Jump up ^ Gayatri Ramanathan (6 July 2007). "Shanty-towns emerge targets for development". Livemint. Retrieved 27 December 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Mark Jacobson (May 2007). "Dharavi Mumbai's Shadow City". National Geographic. Retrieved 30 April 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Jan Nijman, A STUDY OF SPACE IN MUMBAI'S SLUMS, Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, Volume 101, Issue 1, pages 4–17, February 2010
Jump up ^ Sharma, Kalpana; "Rediscovering Dharavi: Story From Asia's Largest Slum" (2000) – Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-100023-6
^ Jump up to: a b c Ahmed, Zubair (20 October 2008). "Indian slum hit by New York woes". BBC News. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b "Jai Ho Dharavi". Nyenrode Business Universiteit. Retrieved 5 March 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Swaminathan, M. (1995). Aspects of urban poverty in Bombay. Environment and Urbanization, 7(1), 133-144
Jump up ^ D'Cunha, Jose Gerson (1900). "IV The Portuguese Period". The Origins of Bombay (3 ed.). Bombay: Asian Educational Services. p. 265. ISBN 81-206-0815-1. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c Weinstein, Liza (June 2014). Globalization and Community, Volume 23 : Durable Slum : Dharavi and the Right to Stay Put in Globalizing Mumbai. Minneapolis, MN, USA: University of Minnesota Press. p. 5. ISBN 9780816683109.
Jump up ^ Eyre, L. (1990), The shanty towns of central Bombay. Urban Geography 11, pages 130–152
Jump up ^ Graber et al. (2005), Living and working in slums of Mumbai. Working paper 36. Magdeburg: Otto-von-Guericke Universitat, Netherlands
^ Jump up to: a b "Calls to scrap Dharavi makeover gain ground". The Times of India. 20 August 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b Madhurima Nandy (23 April 2010). "US firm exits Dharavi project citing delays". Livemint. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dharavi redevelopment plan is robbing us of space: residents". Live Mint. 5 September 2007. Retrieved 7 December 2015.
Jump up ^ Dharavi in Mumbai is no longer Asia's largest slum Clara Lewis, The Times of India (6 July 2011)
Jump up ^ Slums: The case of Mumbai, India Neelima Risbud, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, India
Jump up ^ Dharavi: Self-created special economic zone for the poor Jim Yardley, Deccan Herald (2010)
Jump up ^ "Mumbai's slums are India's most literate – Mumbai – DNA". Dnaindia.com. 27 February 2006. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Dharavi: Mumbai's Shadow City National Geographic (2007)
Jump up ^ Census Data: India Government of India
Jump up ^ History of Dharavi churches Archived 27 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Dharavi Deanery (2011)
Jump up ^ , Sharma, Kalpana (2000). Rediscovering Dharavi: Stories from Asia's largest slum. Penguin Books India; ISBN 978-0141000237
^ Jump up to: a b c d Waste not, want not in the £700m slum, The Guardian, 4 March 2007
Jump up ^ Madhurima Nandy (23 March 2010). "Harvard students get lessons on Dharavi". Livemint. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
Jump up ^ "Dharavi". BBC. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "Now, a toll-free helpline to check water leakage, theft - Indian Express". archive.indianexpress.com. Retrieved 2015-12-08.
Jump up ^ Naik, Yogesh (Feb 24, 2007). "Dharavi electricity supply will be privatised soon". The Times Of India Mumbai.
Jump up ^ "Cooking gas cylinders to be sold at petrol pumps". Daily News and Analysis. 24 July 2013.
Jump up ^ "Piped gas becomes more attractive for the kitchen". Daily News and Analysis. 14 September 2012.
Jump up ^ ?
Jump up ^ Gandy, M. (2008), Landscapes of disaster: water, modernity, and urban fragmentation in Mumbai. Environment and planning. A, 40(1), 108
Jump up ^ Renapurkar, D. M. (1988). Distribution and Susceptibility of Xenopsylla astia to DDT in Maharashtra State, India. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 9(03), 377-380
Jump up ^ India Restarts Battle Against Leprosy Anjali Thomas, New York Times (12 September 2013)
Jump up ^ Mehta et al., An outbreak of cholera in children of Bombay slums, Journal of Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, June 4(2): page 94
Jump up ^ Udwadia, Z. F., Pinto, L. M., & Uplekar, M. W. (2010). Tuberculosis management by private practitioners in Mumbai, India: has anything changed in two decades?. PLoS One, 5(8), e12023
Jump up ^ Loewenberg, S. (2012), India reports cases of totally drug-resistant tuberculosis, The Lancet, 379(9812), 205
Jump up ^ Dharavi turns into fireball as flames engulf slum Indian Express (22 January 2013)
Jump up ^ Samaddar, S., Misra, B. A., Chatterjee, R., & Tatano, H. (2012). Understanding Community’s Evacuation Intention Development Process in a Flood Prone Micro-hotspot[permanent dead link], Mumbai. IDRiM Journal, 2(2)
Jump up ^ "Mumbai slum tour: why you should see Dharavi". Timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 7 November 2012. (subscription required)
Jump up ^ Denis Gruber, Andrea Kirschner, Sandra Mill, Manuela Schach, Steffen Schmekel, and Hardo Seligman, Living and Working in Slums of Mumbai, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Institut für Soziologie, Magdeburg, Germany, ISSN 1615-8229 (April 2005)
Jump up ^ Dharavi, Slum for Sale on IMDb
Jump up ^ "Slumming It: Dharavi". Channel 4. Retrieved 8 April 2009.
Jump up ^ Sse Productions bvba (3 April 2015). "Documentary - The Way Of Dharavi 2014". Retrieved 30 April 2017 – via YouTube.
Further reading[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dharavi.
Sharma, Kalpana; "Rediscovering Dharavi: Story From Asia's Largest Slum" (2000) – Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-100023-6
"Life in a Slum" – BBC News
Mark Jacobson (May 2007). "Dharavi Mumbai's Shadow City". National Geographic. Retrieved 30 April 2007.
"Urban poverty in India: A flourishing slum" and "Recycling: A soul-searching business", The Economist, 19 December 2007
Everyone Wants a Slice of the Dharavi Pie – Live Mint
External links[edit]
dharavi.org: A participatory site on Dharavi
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text:
I Want to Know What Love Is
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
"I Want to Know What Love Is"
Cover art released in some European territories
Single by Foreigner
from the album Agent Provocateur
B-side
"Street Thunder (Marathon Theme)"
Released
November 13, 1984
Format
7"
12"
Genre
Soft rock[1]
Length
5:04 (album/7" single)
6:23 (12" extended)
4:15 (some radio edits)
Label
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Mick Jones
Producer(s)
Mick Jones
Alex Sadkin
Foreigner singles chronology
"Luanne"
(1982) "I Want to Know What Love Is"
(1984) "That Was Yesterday"
(1985)
"Luanne"
(1982) "I Want to Know What Love Is"
(1984) "That Was Yesterday"
(1985)
Audio sample
file
help
"I Want to Know What Love Is" is a power ballad[2] by the British-American rock band Foreigner. It was released in November 1984 as the lead single from their fifth album, Agent Provocateur. The song hit number one in both the United Kingdom and the United States and is the group's biggest hit to date. It remains one of the band's best-known songs and most enduring radio hits, charting in the top 25 in 2000, 2001, and 2002 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Recurrents chart. "I Want to Know What Love Is" has continued to garner critical acclaim, and is listed as one of Rolling Stone Magazine's greatest songs of all time at #479.[3] The song is also featured in a number of films.
Contents
[hide]
1 Song information
2 Chart performance
2.1 Weekly charts
2.2 Year-end charts
2.3 Certifications
2.4 Chart succession
3 New Jersey Mass Choir version
4 Tina Arena version
4.1 Track listings
4.2 Charts
4.3 Certifications
5 Wynonna Judd version
5.1 Personnel
5.2 Track listings
5.3 Charts
5.4 Release history
6 Mariah Carey version
6.1 Critical reception
6.2 Performances and promotion
6.3 Music video
6.4 Formats and track listings
6.5 Chart performance
6.6 Charts
6.7 Release history
6.8 Chart succession
7 Other covers
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Song information
I always worked late at night, when everybody left and the phone stopped ringing. "I Want To Know What Love Is" came up at three in the morning sometime in 1984. I don’t know where it came from. I consider it a gift that was sent through me. I think there was something bigger than me behind it. I’d say it was probably written entirely by a higher force.
“
”
Mick Jones[4]
Written and composed by Mick Jones, with an uncredited portion (somewhere between 5% according to Jones and 40% according to Gramm) by Lou Gramm, and produced by Jones and Alex Sadkin, "I Want to Know What Love Is" was the first single released from Foreigner's album Agent Provocateur (1984).[5][6] The song features backing vocals from the New Jersey Mass Choir affiliated with the Gospel Music Workshop of America, Dreamgirls star Jennifer Holliday, and featured keyboard work by Thompson Twins frontman Tom Bailey.[7] The choir also appears in the song's music video.
"I Want to Know What Love Is" reached #1 in the UK Singles Chart on January 15, 1985, displacing Band Aid's "Do They Know It's Christmas?", staying there for three weeks, and knocked Madonna's long-running "Like a Virgin" out of #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 on February 2, 1985. It was Foreigner's first and only pop chart topper in either country, although the band had four #1 Mainstream Rock hits and a #1 Adult Contemporary radio hit in the US. This was the band's third of four #1 singles on the Mainstream Rock chart. The song spent five weeks at #1 in Australia and also hit the top of the charts in Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, and Sweden, peaking at #2 in Switzerland and South Africa.
We did a few takes, and it was good, but it was still a bit tentative. So then they all got round in a circle, held hands and said The Lord's Prayer. And it seemed to inspire them, because after that they did it in one take. I was in tears, because my mum and dad were in the studio too, and it was so emotional.
“
”
— Mick Jones on recording with the choir.[8]
The song has received positive retrospective reviews from critics, with Bret Adams of AllMusic writing: "It's not hard to see why it became Foreigner's first #1 single. Its dreamy, hypnotic feel is due in part to Lou Gramm's soulful lead vocals and the New Jersey Mass Choir's background vocals."[5]
The song was also issued as a 12" single with a longer time length of 6:23. This version contains a slightly longer intro and an extended vocal chorus/fadeout ending. The single's B-Side "Street Thunder (Marathon Theme)" is an instrumental track originally appearing on The Official Music of the XXIII Olympiad – Los Angeles 1984 and later on the band's 2-CD compilation Jukebox Heroes: The Foreigner Anthology (2000).
Soon after Foreigner's single topped the charts, the New Jersey Mass Choir released its own similar-sounding version of the song on an album that it also titled I Want to Know What Love Is. The choir's single peaked at #37 on the Hot Black Singles chart and #12 on the Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart.
The Foreigner song was ranked by Billboard as the #4 Billboard Hot 100 single of 1985.[9] It was the band's third Platinum single in the U.S.[10] and their first and only Gold single in the UK.[11]
Originally consisting of three verses, a pre-chorus and a chorus, the song was extended with a bridge written by original songwriter Mick Jones specifically for Tina Arena's cover in 1998.
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Chart (1985)
Peak
position
Australia (Kent Music Report)[12] 1
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[13] 7
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[14] 6
Belgium (VRT Top 30 Flanders)[15] 7
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[16] 9
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[17] 1
Canada (CHUM)[18] 1
France (SNEP)[19] 18
Germany (Official German Charts)[20] 3
Ireland (IRMA)[21] 1
Italy (FIMI)[22] 25
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[23] 6
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[24] 5
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[25] 1
Norway (VG-lista)[26] 1
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[27] 2
Spain (AFYVE)[28] 8
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[29] 1
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[30] 2
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[31] 1
US Billboard Hot 100[32] 1
US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[33] 1
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[34] 3
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[35] 85
US Cash Box Top 100[36] 1
Year-end charts
Chart (1985)
Rank
Australia (Kent Music Report)[37] 5
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[38] 22
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[39] 30
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[40] 3
Germany (Official German Charts)[41] 16
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[42] 24
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[43] 36
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[44] 17
South Africa (Springbok Radio)[45] 12
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[46] 12
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[47] 11
US Billboard Hot 100[9] 4
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[48] 21
US Mainstream Rock Tracks (Billboard)[49] 16
US Cash Box Top 100[50] 8
Certifications
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[11]
Gold 500,000^
United States (RIAA)[51]
2× Platinum 2,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Chart succession
[show]Order of precedence
Preceded by
"Do They Know It's Christmas?" by Band Aid UK Singles Chart number-one single
January 19, 1985 – February 2, 1985 (3 weeks) Succeeded by
"I Know Him So Well" by Elaine Paige and Barbara Dickson
Preceded by
"The Boys of Summer" by Don Henley Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks number-one single
January 19, 1985 (1 week) Succeeded by
"The Old Man Down the Road" by John Fogerty
Preceded by
"Do They Know It's Christmas?" by Band Aid Sverigetopplistan number-one single
January 25, 1985 – March 22, 1985 (10 weeks) Succeeded by
"We Are the World" by USA for Africa
Irish Singles Chart number-one single
January 26, 1985 – February 2, 1985 (2 weeks) Succeeded by
"I Know Him So Well" by Elaine Paige and Barbara Dickson
Preceded by
"Like a Virgin" by Madonna Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
February 2, 1985 – February 9, 1985 (2 weeks) Succeeded by
"Careless Whisper" by Wham! featuring George Michael
Cash Box Top 100 number-one single
February 2, 1985 (1 week) Succeeded by
"Easy Lover" by Philip Bailey and Phil Collins
Preceded by
"Do They Know It's Christmas?" by Band Aid Kent Music Report number-one single
February 11, 1985 – March 11, 1985 (5 weeks) Succeeded by
"One Night in Bangkok" by Murray Head
VG-lista number-one single
February 1985 – March 1985 (5 weeks) Succeeded by
"Woodpeckers from Space" by VideoKids
Preceded by
"Easy Lover" by Philip Bailey and Phil Collins Canadian CHUM Chart number-one single
February 16, 1985 – February 23, 1985 (2 weeks) Succeeded by
"California Girls" by David Lee Roth
Preceded by
"Do They Know It's Christmas?" by Band Aid
"Born in the U.S.A." by Bruce Springsteen New Zealand Singles Chart number one single
February 17, 1985 (1 week)
March 3, 1985 – March 10, 1985 (2 weeks) Succeeded by
"Born in the U.S.A." by Bruce Springsteen
"Solid" by Ashford & Simpson
Preceded by
"Easy Lover" by Philip Bailey and Phil Collins Canadian "RPM" Singles Chart number-one single
February 23, 1985 – March 9, 1985 (3 weeks) Succeeded by
"Neutron Dance" by Pointer Sisters
New Jersey Mass Choir version
In 1985, the New Jersey Mass Choir released the Prelude Records album entitled I Want to Know What Love Is. The album's fifth track, "I Want to Know What Love Is", was released as a single in the gospel music market which garnered several awards within the industry.
Tina Arena version
"I Want to Know What Love Is"
Single by Tina Arena
from the album In Deep
Released
August 6, 1998 (Australia)
January 29, 1999 (France)
Length
6:21 (album version)
5:34 (Australian album edit)
4:55 (single edit)
Label
Columbia
Songwriter(s)
Mick Jones
Producer(s)
Mick Jones
Tina Arena singles chronology
"Whistle Down the Wind"
(1998) "I Want to Know What Love Is"
(1998) "I Want to Spend My Lifetime Loving You"
(1998)
"Whistle Down the Wind"
(1998) "I Want to Know What Love Is"
(1998) "I Want to Spend My Lifetime Loving You"
(1998)
"I Want to Know What Love Is" was covered by Australian singer Tina Arena and her recording was released as a single in 1998 from her album In Deep. Arena's version of the song was produced by Foreigner band member Mick Jones, who wrote the song. This version of the song includes a previously unrecorded bridge between the second and third choruses, specifically written for Tina Arena by Mick Jones.
Track listings
European Maxi Single
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (Single Edit)
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (R & B Mix)
"I Want to Spend My Lifetime Loving You" (G-Vo Extended Mix)
"Not For Sale"
Australian CD1 Maxi Single
"I Want To Know What Love Is" (Single Edit)
"Now I Can Dance" (Spanglish Version)
"Now I Can Dance" (Live)
"If I Didn't Love You" (Remix)
Australian CD2 Maxi Single – The Remixes
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (R'n'B Mix)
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (Urban Mix)
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (Extended Urban Mix)
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (Single Edit)
Charts
The song peaked at #13 in France and finished 60th on the end-of-year chart of 1999.[52]
Chart (1998/99)
Peak
Position
Australia (ARIA)[53] 36
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[54] 39
Brazilian Singles Chart (ABPD)[55] 65
European Hot 100 Singles[56] 50
France (SNEP)[57] 13
Certifications
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
France (SNEP)[58]
Silver 194,000[59]
^shipments figures based on certification alone
Wynonna Judd version
"I Want to Know What Love Is"
Single by Wynonna Judd
from the album What the World Needs Now Is Love
Released
August 24, 2004
Length
5:41 (album version)
Label
Asylum
Curb Records
Songwriter(s)
Mick Jones
Producer(s)
Narada Michael Walden
Wynonna
Wynonna Judd singles chronology
"Flies on the Butter"
(2004) "I Want to Know What Love Is"
(2004) "Rescue Me"
(2005)
"Flies on the Butter"
(2004) "I Want to Know What Love Is"
(2004) "Rescue Me"
(2005)
"I Want to Know What Love Is" was covered by American country singer Wynonna Judd and her recording was released in August 24, 2004 from her album What the World Needs Now Is Love as fourth single. Wynonna's version of the song was produced by Narada Michael Walden, known for his work with Mariah Carey, Whitney Houston, Diana Ross, Aretha Franklin and George Michael, and Wynonna. This version of the song was included in a popular Brazilian soap opera, Senhora do Destino.
Personnel
Tim Akers – keyboards
Robert Bailey – background vocals
Jeff Beck – electric guitar
Bekka Bramlett – background vocals
Mike Brignardello – bass guitar
Tom Bukovac – electric guitar
David Campbell – string arrangements, conductor
Kim Fleming – background vocals
Paul Franklin – steel guitar
Reggie Hamilton – bass guitar
Vicki Hampton – background vocals
Dann Huff – electric guitar
David Huff – loop programming
Ronn Huff – string arrangements
Wynonna Judd – lead vocals
Suzie Katayama – string contractor
Jerry McPherson – electric guitar
Steve Nathan – keyboards
Don Potter – acoustic guitar
John "J.R." Robinson – drums
Willie Weeks – bass guitar
Track listings
Digital download
"I Want To Know What Love Is" — 5:41
Remixes
"I Want To Know What Love Is" (Piper Remix) — 4:05
"I Want To Know What Love Is" (Piper Club Mix) — 7:42
Charts
In the US, the song peaked at #14 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart. On the Hot Dance Club Songs of Billboard, it debuted at #50 and peaked at #12. It is also her first single to chart in Sweden, where it debuted at #67 and peaked at #15.
Chart (2004/2005)
Peak
position
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[60] 15
US Billboard Adult Contemporary[61] 14
US Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs[62] 12
Release history
Country
Date
Format
Label
United States August 24, 2004[63] Digital download, CD single Asylum
United States Remixes Curb Records
Sweden February 20, 2005 Digital download, CD single Curb Records
Mariah Carey version
"I Want to Know What Love Is"
Single by Mariah Carey
from the album Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel
Released
September 22, 2009
Format
CD single
digital download
Recorded
2009
Length
3:27 (album version)
3:38 (radio/video version)
Label
Island
Songwriter(s)
Mick Jones
Producer(s)
Mariah Carey
C. "Tricky" Stewart
James "Big Jim" Wright
Randy Jackson (co.)
Mariah Carey singles chronology
"Obsessed"
(2009) "I Want to Know What Love Is"
(2009) "H.A.T.E.U."
(2009)
"Obsessed"
(2009) "I Want to Know What Love Is"
(2009) "H.A.T.E.U."
(2009)
"I Want to Know What Love Is" was covered by American singer Mariah Carey and released as the second single from her twelfth studio album, Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel (2009).[64] The single, produced by Carey, C. "Tricky" Stewart and James "Big Jim" Wright, was sent to European radio stations on August 28[65] and first impacted U.S. radio on September 14, 2009.[65] Mick Jones said of her version: "I think she's actually retained the integrity of the song. You know, the arrangement is very similar to the original. They haven't tampered with the song too much. She's captured a certain emotional thing, a feeling."
Critical reception
The single was generally well received by critics; Australian magazine Rhyme & Reason stated that "[While Carey stayed] [...] true to the original, this piano-led remake is less an overhaul of the classic '80s hit than it is a modest but impressive update."[66] The UK Daily Star gave it a 5 out of 5 rating: "[The song is] given the Carey treatment and [is] complete with choir and karaoke climax. It's a great rework."[67] Bill Lamb from About.com said that "Mariah Carey's new version could leave you speechless. The diversity of vocal coloring expressed in this recording is stunning. While the single Obsessed remains disappointing, this single is a reminder of just how formidable Carey's talents are given a strong production and arrangement".[65]
Writing in a Los Angeles Times music blog, Todd Martens said, "[T]ackling a well-known power ballad seems like a safe choice. It's a comfortable fall-back plan after "Obsessed" performed well, but did far from blockbuster numbers. It will undoubtedly be a hit, but it's giving me more reason to fear Imperfect Angel. The sort-of-real/sort-of-not feud with Eminem seemed largely a ploy to keep Carey in the headlines, and covering Foreigner seems just as calculated to steer Carey back onto familiar ground."[68]
Performances and promotion
Carey debuted "I Want to Know What Love Is" at her Live At The Pearl concerts in the Pearl Arena at The Palms Casino & Resort, Las Vegas, on September 11 and 12, 2009.[69]
Carey performed the song live on The Oprah Winfrey Show on September 18.[70]
A New York radio station contest featured as its prize a mini concert by Carey at the P.C. Richard Theater in TriBeCa, New York on October 5, where she sang the song as well as "Obsessed" and "H.A.T.E.U.", also from the album.[71]
Carey performed the single on Italy's X factor on November 11, and in France where she did various radio interviews.[72]
Music video
Carey filmed a music video for "I Want to Know What Love Is" in September 2009 in New York City, directed by Hype Williams.[73] The video premiered on Mariah's official website on November 13, 2009.[74] The video features Carey singing in Yankee Stadium, intercut with shots of audience members, often accompanied by loved ones, and some glimpses into the tough times in their past, as they grow emotional from the song's performance. A gospel choir joins Carey at the center of the stadium at the video's end. Carey wears the signature curly hairstyle from the initial stages of her career ca. 1990–1993, maintaining the Memoirs theme of the album.
Formats and track listings
Digital download
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (album version) — 3:26
UK digital single[75]
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (album version) — 3:26
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (Moto Blanco Club Edit) — 3:25
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (Chew Fu Radio Fix) — 3:51
European CD single[76]
"I Want to Know What Love Is" — 3:39
"Obsessed" (Cahill club edit) — 6:21
Chart performance
The song peaked on the US Billboard Adult Contemporary chart at #10 bringing Carey's total number of Top Ten hits on that chart to 20, one short of Celine Dion's record. She has since surpassed this and is now tied with Celine Dion after her single "Oh Santa!" reached #1 in 2010.[77] However, it peaked at #60 on the US Hot 100. On the UK Singles Chart, the song debuted at #19 on the week ending November 29, 2009, becoming her highest debuting and peaking song since 2008's "Touch My Body", which peaked at #5.[78]
The song debuted at #6 in France, selling 1,910 physical CDs in its first week and 39,720 copies in all formats as of late 2009,[79][80] becoming the best charting version of this song there. It placed 93rd on the Year-End Chart.
In Brazil, the song stayed at #1 for a record 27 weeks. One of the reasons for the song's radio success there was its frequent inclusion in a popular new soap opera, Viver a Vida. According to Crowley Broadcast Analysis, Carey's version has broken the record for longest Brazilian Hot 100 Airplay Chart run at 27 consecutive weeks.[81]
Charts
Chart (2009–10)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[82] 45
Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[83] 40
Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[84] 14
Brazil (Hot 100 Airplay)[85] 1
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[86] 57
Denmark (Tracklisten)[87] 14
Europe (European Hot 100 Singles)[88] 16
France (SNEP)[89] 6
Germany (Official German Charts)[90] 37
Hungary (Mahasz)[91] 6
Ireland (IRMA)[92] 41
Japan (Japan Hot 100)[93] 3
Portugal (Billboard)[94] 5
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[95] 30
Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[96] 84
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[97] 41
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[98] 20
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[99] 25
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[100] 19
UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[101] 7
US Billboard Hot 100[102] 60
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[103] 10
US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[104] 39
US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[105] 2
US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[106] 40
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[107] 28
US Rhythmic (Billboard)[108] 29
Release history
Country
Date
Format
Label
United States September 22, 2009[109] Digital download Island Records
Norway October 20, 2009 The remixes (digital)[110] Universal Music
Korea CD single[111]
United Kingdom November 22, 2009[75][112] Digital download Mercury Records
France November 30, 2009[113] CD single Universal Music
Germany December 4, 2009[114]
Chart succession
Preceded by
"Halo" by Beyoncé Knowles Brazilian Hot 100 Airplay number-one single (Mariah Carey version)
December 2009 – June 2010 Succeeded by
"Tapa na Cara" by Zezé Di Camargo e Luciano
Other covers
In 1986, Laura Branigan sang the song in duet with John Farnham at Logie Awards, an Australian award show.
In 1998, Julie Ruin recorded a version of the song on their self-titled debut album [115] with rewritten lyrics about police abuse and neglect in cases of rape and femicide such as the Green River killer case.[116]
In 2002, the victims of the fires at a disco in Sweden and a bar in the Netherlands recorded this song as a way to cope with their injuries and memories regarding those incidents. Their single was released under the artist name Volendam meets Göteborg and reached #39 in the Dutch charts.[117]
in 2004, Filipina Popstar Princess Sarah Geronimo did a cover of the song from the album Sweet Sixteen.
In July 2016, Foreigner released a rerecorded version of the song featuring fun. lead singer Nate Ruess.[118]
See also
Book: Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1985
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External links
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
"I Want to Know What Love Is" (Foreigner version) music video at MTV.com (Windows Media Video format)
[show]
v
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e
Foreigner
Mick Jones
Thom Gimbel
Jeff Pilson
Kelly Hansen
Michael Bluestein
Chris Frazier
Dennis Elliott
Lou Gramm
Al Greenwood
Ian McDonald
Ed Gagliardi
Rick Wills
Jack Allen Smith
Johnny Edwards
Jeff Jacobs
Mark Schulman
Bruce Turgon
Ron Wikso
Brian Tichy
Denny Carmassi
Jason Bonham
Chaz West
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Studio albums
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Double Vision
Head Games
4
Agent Provocateur
Inside Information
Unusual Heat
Mr. Moonlight
Can't Slow Down
Compilations
Records
The Very Best ... and Beyond
Jukebox Heroes: The Foreigner Anthology
Complete Greatest Hits
Hot Blooded and Other Hits
The Essentials
The Definitive Collection
No End in Sight: The Very Best of Foreigner
Live albums
Classic Hits Live/Best of Live
Extended Versions
Can't Slow Down...When It's Live!
Singles
"Feels Like the First Time"
"Starrider"
"Cold as Ice"
"Long, Long Way from Home"
"Hot Blooded"
"Double Vision"
"Blue Morning, Blue Day"
"Dirty White Boy"
"Head Games"
"Love on the Telephone"
"Women"
"I'll Get Even with You"
"Urgent"
"Juke Box Hero"
"Waiting for a Girl Like You"
"Night Life"
"Break It Up"
"Luanne"
"I Want to Know What Love Is"
"That Was Yesterday"
"Tooth and Nail"
"Reaction to Action"
"Growing Up the Hard Way"
"Down on Love"
"Say You Will"
"I Don't Want to Live Without You"
"Heart Turns to Stone"
"Can't Wait"
"Lowdown and Dirty"
"I'll Fight for You"
"With Heaven on Our Side"
"Soul Doctor"
"White Lie"
"Until the End of Time"
"Rain"
"Under the Gun"
"Too Late"
"When It Comes to Love"
"Can't Slow Down"
"In Pieces"
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Discography
Shadow King
Black Sheep
"Revenge of the Mooninites"
Book
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Tina Arena singles
Strong as Steel
"I Need Your Body"
"The Machine's Breaking Down"
"Strong as Steel"
"Woman's Work"
Don't Ask
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Wynonna Judd
Studio albums
Wynonna
Tell Me Why
Revelations
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New Day Dawning
What the World Needs Now Is Love
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Wynonna & the Big Noise
Compilation albums
Collection
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