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A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step
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"A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step" (Chinese: 千里之行，始於足下; pinyin: Qiānlǐ zhī xíng, shǐyú zú xià; literally: "A journey of a thousand li starts beneath one's feet") is a common saying that originated from a famous Chinese proverb. The quotation is from Chapter 64 of the Tao Te Ching ascribed to Laozi, although it is also erroneously ascribed to his contemporary, Confucius. This saying teaches that even the longest and most difficult ventures have a starting point; something which begins with one first step.
References[edit]
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Time Has Come Today (Grey's Anatomy)
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"Time Has Come Today"
Grey's Anatomy episode
An episodic screenshot displaying Shepherd interacting with Grey for the first time. The scene was part of a series of flashbacks presented during the episode.
Episode no.
Season 3
Episode 1
Directed by
Daniel Minahan
Written by
Shonda Rhimes
Featured music
"Lullaby"
"Take Me Anywhere"
"Quicksand"
"Nothing Brings Me Down"
"Gone Daddy Gone"
"Under the Milky Way"
"All I Need"
Original air date
September 21, 2006 (2006-09-21)
Running time
45 minutes
Guest appearance(s)
Chris O'Donnell as Finn Dandrige
Loretta Devine as Adele Webber
Sarah Utterback as Olivia Harper
Kate Burton as Dr. Ellis Grey
Steven W. Bailey as Joe
Elizabeth Goldstein as Giselle Toussant
Episode chronology
← Previous
"Losing My Religion" Next →
"I Am a Tree"
Grey's Anatomy (season 3)
List of Grey's Anatomy episodes
"Time Has Come Today" is the first episode of the third season of the American television medical drama Grey's Anatomy, and the show's 37th episode overall. Written by Shonda Rhimes and directed by Daniel Minahan, the episode aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in the United States on September 21, 2006. The episode primarily focuses on Dr. Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl) coping with the unexpected death of her fiancé, Denny Duquette (Jeffrey Dean Morgan), while dealing with the decision to quit the internship program. Further storylines include Dr. Preston Burke (Isaiah Washington) facing the repercussions of his being shot, and Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) dealing with the aftermath of her affair with Dr. Derek Shepherd (Patrick Dempsey), which puts a strain in his already troubled marriage to Dr. Addison Montgomery-Shepherd (Kate Walsh).
Although the episode was fictionally set in Seattle, Washington, filming occurred in Los Angeles, California. The recurring characters of Adele Webber (Loretta Devine), Finn Dandrige (Chris O'Donnell), Dr. Ellis Grey (Kate Burton) and Olivia Harper (Sarah Utterback) were portrayed with guest star billing. The title of the episode refers to the song, "Time Has Come Today", by the soul music band, The Chambers Brothers.[1] The episode received mixed to favorable reviews, with Heigl being particularly praised. The episode was viewed by 25.41 million Americans in the United States upon its original airing, ranked first in weekly viewership and garnered a 9.0 Nielsen rating in the 18–49 demographic.
Contents
[hide]
1 Plot
2 Production
3 Reception
4 References
5 External links
Plot[edit]
"Time Has Come Today" opens to a voice-over narration from Dr. Meredith Grey (Ellen Pompeo) about the rapid passing of time. Dr. Izzie Stevens (Katherine Heigl) has a mental collapse after the loss of her fiancé, Denny Duquette (Jeffrey Dean Morgan), as she refuses to deal with the repercussions of her decision to leave the internship program, by lying on the bathroom floor. Dr. Cristina Yang (Sandra Oh), Dr. Alex Karev (Justin Chambers) and Dr. George O'Malley (T.R. Knight) support Stevens during her grieving, becoming influential in her recovering. Dr. Addison Montgomery-Shepherd (Kate Walsh) finds Grey's underwear in Dr. Derek Shepherd's (Patrick Dempsey) shirt, and finds difficulty in conceiving a future for their already troubled marriage. Grey unwillingly finds herself in a love triangle involving Shepherd and Finn Dandridge (Chris O'Donnell). Dr. Richard Webber's (James Pickens, Jr.) wife, Adele Webber (Loretta Devine), gives him an ultimatum after spending the night in his office, giving him a choice between his career as a surgeon and his marriage to her. Dr. Preston Burke (Isaiah Washington) faces the aftermath of being shot, which leads to him experiencing hand tremors that could lead to his giving up cardiothoracic surgery.
An infant with a severe heart condition is admitted in neonatology, and is revealed to have been abandoned in a schoolyard by his biological mother, whose identity lies between four pre-adolescents. Montgomery quickly becomes emotionally involved in the case, reliving the feelings she went through after aborting the child conceived with Dr. Mark Sloan (Eric Dane). Shepherd and O'Malley get quarantined after an outburst at the hospital, due to a patient suspected of having the plague. Their incapacity to leave the hospital leads to numerous confessions between the two, including Shepherd's reveal of his desire to divorce his wife and reconcile with Grey. Dr. Callie Torres (Sara Ramirez) takes a leave of absence from the hospital, in a continuous attempt to bond with the grieving interns, who do not approve of her relationship with O'Malley. When a patient, Giselle Toussant (Elizabeth Goldstein), is admitted to the hospital, and ultimately dies in Dr. Miranda Bailey (Chandra Wilson)'s care, she begins to question her abilities as a surgeon, due to the guilt over the death of both Toussant and Duquette, whom she also performed surgery on. At the conclusion of the episode, Stevens overcomes her grief and gets off the floor, which metaphorically expresses her desire to move on.
Production[edit]
Sara Ramirez (pictured) was upgraded to series regular status in the episode.
The episode was written by show runner and executive producer Shonda Rhimes, while filmmaker Daniel Minahan directed it.[2] Sara Ramirez began receiving star billing in the season premiere, after numerous appearances during the last episodes of the second season.[3] Although the episode was fictionally set in Seattle, Washington, it was filmed in Los Angeles, California. Fisher Plaza, which is the headquarters building for Fisher Communications and Fisher's ABC affiliated Komo radio and television stations for Seattle, is used for some exterior shots of Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital, such as air ambulances landing on the Komo Television newscopter's helipad. This puts Seattle Grace conveniently close to the Space Needle, which is directly across the street from Fisher Plaza, the Seattle Monorail, and other local landmarks. However, the hospital used for most other exterior and many interior shots is not in Seattle, are shot at the VA Sepulveda Ambulatory Care Center in North Hills, California.[4] Most scenes are primarily filmed in Los Feliz, Los Angeles, at the Prospect Studios, and the set occupies two stages, including the hospital pieces, but some outside scenes are shot at the Warren G. Magnuson Park in Seattle.[4]
Featured music includes The Dixie Chicks' "Lullaby", Tegan and Sara's "Take Me Anywhere", Sleeping at Last's "Quicksand", Emilíana Torrini's "Nothing Brings Me Down", Gnarls Barkley's "Gone Daddy Gone", Grant Lee Phillips's "Under the Milky Way" and Matt Kearney's "All I Need". Rhimes disclosed that the main concept for the episode was to "go in places the audience can imagine, but doesn't expect", in an attempt to "freshen up" the series for the new season.[5] Rhimes stated that she originally planned to move the timeline three months after the conclusion of the second season, but the process did not occur, due to her not wanting the audience to miss significant moments from the character's complex lives.[5] "I feel like so much happened at the end of last season that I owe it to the characters to have them deal with the aftermath. And I owe it to the audience to let them watch the aftermath", stated Rhimes, in response to her decision to continue the storyline from where the previous season left off. Rhimes also described the prominence which Grey's underwear has in the first episode of the season, noting how they are "a key element" in the development of her character: "Meredith never put them back on. She rushed out to deal with Izzie and left Derek who was asking what that meant, and she never had a chance to put those panties back on."[5] Prior to the episode's broadcast, Rhimes described it as achieving a balance between the aftermath of the recent events and the past experiences that define each character. In addition, she noted how the episode marked the transition to a new chapter in the personal backgrounds of the protagonists, stating: "It was mean to bring us to a place where we can say goodbye to Denny, as well as deal with Meredith's love triangle. Just remember that nothing is ever wrapped up easily on this show. Because things aren't neat and clean in real life."[5]
Reception[edit]
Katherine Heigl's performance in the episode received critical praise.
The episode was originally broadcast on September 21, 2006 at 9:00 ET, and averaged 25.41 million viewers, ranking first in weekly viewership with a 9.0 rating, according to Nielsen ratings.[6] The episode was the third most-watched episode of the season, airing in the first week of the seasonal prime time schedule.[7] Showing a significant increase in ratings, the episode attracted approximately 2.91 more million viewers than the previous season finale, which was watched by 22.50 and garnered an 8.0 rating.[8] "Time Has Come Today" was also the lead in weekly viewership, and, therefore, the lead in the time slot, with approximately 2.84 more million viewers than CBS's juggernaut CSI, which ranked third in weekly viewership with an 8.0 rating.[6]
Oscar Dahl of BuddyTV had a generally mixed to positive perspective on the episode, expressing hope in its further development.[9] Although originally criticizing the predictability of the event, Dahl noted an "undeniable sense of originality", deeming the episode a portal to the series becoming "a medical chick flick, but a damn good one". Highly praising the "big and attractive" cast, Dahl positively received the interaction between the characters, noting the "smart" dialogue that helps each character evolve.[9] However, Dahl expressed disappointment in the over emotional scenes, describing them as "off-putting" and "not believable", while comparing them to real life interactions between people who emote in a more sublte manner than displayed on television. "Emotions ran high in the premiere and there was much crying", stated Dahl, but noted that the dialogue, who he had previously been worried would be "too cutesy", was not bothering, and rather realistic, noting how the show is "smartly written". He also described the Pompeo and Heigl's as "worthy of attention".[9] After the episode's broadcast, Robert Rorke of the New York Post deemed Stevens "the heart and soul" of the series, due to the episode mostly focusing on the events that come to define her as a person.[10] Rorke named her the show's heroine, and wrote that "Izzie is a welcome, calming presence, despite the devastation she experienced when she failed to save her patient and fiance Denny Duquette", considering her to have been more prominent than the title character, Grey, whose storyline received negative critiques: "She used to be the queen of the romantic dilemmeas. But lately, she's been a little dopey, with that endless McDreamy soliloquies."[10] Abigail Chao of Television Without Pity had a positive outlook on the episode.[11] She praised the storyline of Izzie lying on the bathroom floor, describing at as "a perfect opportunity for flashbacks", which proved the strong friendship the five interns share. Montgomery's reaction to the discovery of Grey's underwear was deemed by Chao "hilarious", whereas Bailey's interaction with the quarantined patient was described as "touching".[11] "Now it's Meredith's turn to be feckless and indecisive", stated Chao, noting the lack of realism in Grey's love triangle with Shepherd and Dandridge. However, she praised the interaction of the three characters, who she deemed "lovely adolescents".[11]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Covel, Bonnie. "'Grey's Anatomy' Songs - Episode Titles Season 3". About.com. The New York Times Company. Retrieved July 8, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Time Has Come Today". Grey's Anatomy. Season 3. Episode 1. February 1, 2007. ABC.
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew (November 16, 2005). "Spamalot's Ramirez Lands Role on TV's "Grey's Anatomy"". Playbill. Archived from the original on September 4, 2012. Retrieved June 18, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Grey's Anatomy Season One DVD: Commentary Feature. Buena Vista, ABC. 2005.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Rhimes, Shonda (September 19, 2006). "Shonda Rhimes on Time Has Come Today and other things…". Grey Matter. American Broadcasting Company. Archived from the original on July 1, 2013. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b "Weekly Program Rankings". Medianet. American Broadcasting Company. September 26, 2006. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Grey's Anatomy Season 3". TV Fanatic. Sheknows Entertainment. May 17, 2007. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Weekly Program Rankings". Medianet. American Broadcasting Company. May 23, 2006. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dahl, Oscar (September 22, 2006). "My First Grey's Anatomy: Season 3 Premiere Review". BuddyTV. BuddyTV. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Rorke, Robert. "Heart throb - Grey's Anatomy's Katherine Heigl on sex, love and cupcakes". New York Post. News Corporation. Retrieved May 19, 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c Chao, Abigail (September 21, 2006). "Time Has Come Today". Television Without Pity. Television Without Pity. Archived from the original on October 31, 2012. Retrieved July 4, 2012.
External links[edit]
"Time Has Come Today" at ABC.com
"Time Has Come Today" at TV.com
"Time Has Come Today" at IMDb.com
[hide]
v
t
e
Grey's Anatomy episodes
Season 1
"A Hard Day's Night"
"If Tomorrow Never Comes"
Season 2
"Into You Like a Train"
"It's the End of the World"
"As We Know It"
"Losing My Religion"
Season 3
"Time Has Come Today"
"I Am a Tree"
"Great Expectations"
"Wishin' and Hopin'"
"Didn't We Almost Have It All?"
Season 4
"A Change Is Gonna Come"
Season 5
"What a Difference a Day Makes"
"Stand By Me"
"Elevator Love Letter"
"Now or Never"
Season 6
"Good Mourning"
"Goodbye"
"I Always Feel Like Somebody's Watchin' Me"
"Tainted Obligation"
"Invasion"
"I Saw What I Saw"
"Give Peace a Chance"
"Invest in Love"
"I Like You So Much Better When You're Naked"
"Death and All His Friends"
Season 7
"Song Beneath the Song"
Season 8
"Flight"
Season 9
"Going, Going, Gone"
"Beautiful Doom"
"Perfect Storm"
Season 10
"Fear (of the Unknown)"
Season 11
"I Must Have Lost it on the Wind"
"Puzzle With a Piece Missing"
"Got to Be Real"
"Only Mama Knows"
"Bend & Break"
"Don't Let's Start"
"One Flight Down"
"How to Save a Life"
"She's Leaving Home"
"Time Stops"
"You're My Home"
Season 12
"Sledgehammer"
"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner"
"Something Against You"
"Things We Lost in the Fire"
"The Sound of Silence"
"Family Affair"
Season 13
"True Colors"
Season 14
"Danger Zone"
"Personal Jesus"
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Time_Has_Come_Today_(Grey%27s_Anatomy)&oldid=826964612"
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Ham
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the cured but uncooked leg of pork, see Gammon (meat). For other uses, see Ham (disambiguation).
Half ham
Typical slice of ham
Ham is pork that has been preserved through salting, smoking, or wet curing.[1] It was traditionally made only from the hind leg of swine, and referred to that specific cut of pork.[2] Ham is made around the world, including a number of highly coveted regional specialties, such as Westphalian ham and some varieties of Spanish jamón. Technically a processed meat, "ham" may refer to a product which has been through mechanical re-forming.
The precise nature of meat termed "ham" is controlled in a number of areas, often by statute, including the United States and European Union. In addition, numerous ham products have specific geographical naming protection, such as Prosciutto di Parma and Prosciutto Toscano PDO in Europe, and Smithfield ham in the US.
Contents
[hide]
1 Definition
1.1 Labeling
2 Methods
2.1 Salting
2.2 Smoking
2.3 Wet curing
3 Protected designations
4 Uses
5 Health effects
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
Definition
The preserving of pork leg as ham has a long history, with Cato the Elder writing about the "salting of hams" in his De Agri Cultura tome around 160 BC.[3]
There are claims that the Chinese were the first people to mention the production of cured ham.[4] Larousse Gastronomique claims an origin from Gaul.[5] It was certainly well established by the Roman period, as evidenced by an import trade from Gaul mentioned by Marcus Terentius Varro in his writings.[4]
The modern word "ham" is derived from the Old English ham or hom meaning the hollow or bend of the knee, from a Germanic base where it meant "crooked". It began to refer to the cut of pork derived from the hind leg of a swine around the 15th century.[6] Preservation methods include curing, smoking, and salting.
Because of the preservation process, ham is a compound foodstuff or ingredient, being made up of the original meat, as well as the remnants of the preserving agent(s), such as salt, but it is still recognised as a food in its own right.[7]
Labeling
In many countries the term is now protected by statute, with a specific definition. For instance, in the United States, the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) says that "the word 'ham', without any prefix indicating the species of animal from which derived, shall be used in labeling only in connection with the hind legs of swine".[8]
In addition to the main categories, some processing choices can affect legal labeling. For instance, in the United States, a "smoked" ham must have been smoked by hanging over burning wood chips in a smokehouse or an atomized spray of liquid smoke such that the product appearance is equivalent; a "hickory-smoked" ham must have been smoked using only hickory. However, injecting "smoke flavor" is not legal grounds for claiming the ham was "smoked"; these are labeled "smoke flavor added". Hams can only be labeled "honey-cured" if honey was at least 50% of the sweetener used, is at least 3% of the formula, and has a discernible effect on flavor. So-called "lean" and "extra lean" hams must adhere to maximum levels of fat and cholesterol per 100 grams of product.
Ham re-formed from smaller pieces into a larger block also has to be labeled in many jurisdictions.
Methods
Ham is produced by preserving and flavoring raw pork by salting, smoking, or wet curing. Besides salt, several ingredients may be used to obtain flavoring and preservation, from black pepper (e.g. Prosciutto Toscano PDO) to the precious saffron (e.g. the "Zafferano di San Gimignano PDO" in the esteemed Golden Ham).
Salting
Sea salt being added to raw pork leg as part of a dry cure process
Traditional dry cure hams may use only salt as the curative agent, such as with San Daniele or Parma hams, although this is comparatively rare.[9] This process involves cleaning the raw meat, covering it in salt (for about one month for Parma ham) while it is gradually pressed – draining all the blood. In Tuscan Ham (Prosciutto Toscano PDO) different spices and herbs (from garlic to black pepper, from juniper to laurel) are added to salt during this step. Specific ingredients may be used to enhance flavour and taste during this step, e.g. pure saffron in the Golden Ham from San Gimignano (Italy). The hams are then washed and hung in a dark, temperature-regulated place until dry. It is then hung to air for another period of time.
The duration of the curing process varies by the type of ham, with Serrano ham curing in 9–12 months, Parma hams taking more than 12 months, and Iberian ham taking up to 2 years to reach the desired flavour characteristics.[10] Some dry cured hams, such as the Jinhua ham, take approximately 8 to 10 months to complete.[11]
Most modern dry cure hams also use nitrites (either sodium or potassium), which are added along with the salt, although following a similar methodology. The nitrites deliver a distinctive pink or red tinge to the meat, as well as imparting flavour. The amount and mixture of salt and nitrites used have an effect on the shrinkage of the meat.[12]
Sodium nitrite is used because it prevents bacterial growth and, in a reaction with the meat's myoglobin, gives the product a desirable dark red color. Because of the toxicity of nitrite (the lethal dose of nitrite for humans is about 22 mg per kg body weight), some areas specify a maximum allowable content of nitrite in the final product. Under certain conditions, especially during cooking, nitrites in meat can react with degradation products of amino acids, forming nitrosamines, which are known carcinogens.[13]
The dry curing of ham involves a number of enzymatic reactions. The enzymes involved are proteinases (cathepsins – B, D, H & L, and calpains) and exopeptidases (peptidase and aminopeptidase).[14] These enzymes cause proteolysis of muscle tissue, which creates large numbers of small peptides and free amino acids, while the adipose tissue undergoes lipolysis to create free fatty acids.[14] Salt and phosphates act as strong inhibitors of proteolytic activity.[15]
Animal factors influencing enzymatic activity include age, weight, and breed.[16] During the process itself, conditions such as temperature, duration, water content, redox potential, and salt content all have an effect.[14]
The salt content in dry-cured ham varies throughout a piece of meat, with gradients determinable through sampling and testing or non-invasively through CT scanning.[17]
Smoking
See also: Smoking (cooking)
Ham can also be preserved through the smoking method, in which the meat is placed in a smokehouse (or equivalent) to be cured by the action of smoke.
The main flavor compounds of smoked ham are guaiacol, and its 4-, 5-, and 6-methyl derivatives as well as 2,6-dimethylphenol. These compounds are produced by thermal breakdown (i.e., combustion) of lignin, a major constituent of wood used in the smokehouse.[18]
Wet curing
See also: brining
Wet curing (also known as brining) involves the immersion of the meat in a brine, sometimes with other ingredients such as sugar also added for flavour. Meat is submerged in the brine for around 3–14 days, during which time the meat needs to be kept submerged, and the brine mixture agitated periodically to prevent separation of the ingredients.[9]
Wet curing also has the effect of increasing volume and weight of the finished product, by about 4%.
The wet curing process can also be replicated by using mechanical pumping using needles and curing solution. This can be quicker, increase the weight of the finished product by more than immersion wet curing, and ensure a more even distribution of salt through the meat. This process is quicker than traditional wet cure, normally being completed between a few days and a few weeks.[19]
Protected designations
Hams aging in an atmospherically controlled storage room in Mazerolles, Béarn, Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Spanish Jamón from the town of Guijuelo, a protected designation ham
A number of hams worldwide have some level of protection of their unique characteristics, usually relating to their method of preservation and/or location of production or processing. Dependent on jurisdiction, rules may prevent any other product being sold with the particular appellation, such as through the European protected geographical indication.
Belgium
Jambon d'Ardenne – Wallonia, Belgium
Bulgaria
Elenski but – Elena
China
Anfu ham- Jiangxi
Jinhua ham – Jinhua
Rugao ham – Rugao
Xuanwei ham – Xuanwei
Czechoslovakia
Pražká Šunka ("Prague Ham") – Prague
Prager Schinken [German]
Prosciutto di Praga [Italian]
Croatia
Pršut
France
Bayonne ham (Jambon de Bayonne) – Bayonne
Jambon de Paris – Paris
Jambon d'Aoste – Aosta region
Jambon de Savoie – Savoy
Jambon d'Auvergne – Auvergne region
Jambon d'Ardèche – Ardèche region
Germany
Ammerländer Schinken – Ammerland
Schwarzwälder Schinken – Black Forest
Westfälischer Schinken – Westphalia
Italy
Prosciutto Toscano – Tuscany
Prosciutto di Parma – Parma
San Daniele
Speck Alto Adige – South Tyrol
Vallée d’Aoste Jambon de Bosses – Saint-Rhémy-en-Bosses, Aosta Valley
Luxembourg
Éisleker ham – Oesling region
Montenegro
Njeguška pršuta – Njeguši, Montenegro
Portugal
fiambre
presunto (cured pork)
Slovenia
Kraški pršut (prosciutto from the Kras region)[20]
Spain
jamón serrano (Serrano ham),[21] includes most varieties of Spanish cured ham except ibérico
jamón ibérico,[22] made from the ibérico pig breed
Lacón Gallego, from Galicia
Jamón from Los Pedroches (Córdoba province)
Jamón from Huelva (including Jabugo), from Huelva province, Andalusia
Jamón from Guijuelo (Salamanca province)
Jamón from Dehesa de Extremadura, from Extremadura
United Kingdom
Wiltshire cure ham[23]
York ham – York[24][25]
United States
Smithfield ham – Smithfield, Virginia
Uses
A pizza with buffalo mozzarella and cooked ham
Ham is typically used in its sliced form, often as a filling for sandwiches and similar foods, such as in the ham sandwich and ham and cheese sandwich. Other variations include toasted sandwiches such as the croque-monsieur and the Cubano.
Preserved ham can be cooked (although there is no requirement), and usually requires washing in water to remove salt. Whole fresh pork leg is also served cooked as gammon, known as ham in the United States.
Health effects
As a processed meat, there has been concern over the health effects of ham consumption.[26] A meta-analysis study has shown a statistically relevant correlation between processed meat consumption and the risk of pancreatic cancer, with an increase in consumption of 50 grams (1.8 oz) per day leading to a 19% increase in risk.[27]
This supported earlier studies, including the 2007 study Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective, by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research,[28] which reviewed more than 7,000 studies published worldwide.[29] Among the recommendations was that, except for very rare occasions, people should avoid eating ham or other processed meats – cured, smoked, salted or chemically preserved meat products such as bacon, hot dogs, sausage,[30] salami,[31] and pastrami. The report states that once an individual reaches the 510 grams (18 oz) weekly limit for red meat, every 48 grams (1.7 oz) of processed meat consumed a day increases cancer risk by 21%.[29]
A European cohort study also positively correlated processed meat consumption with higher all-cause mortality, with an estimation that 3.3% of the deaths amongst participants could have been prevented by consuming less than 20 grams (0.71 oz) of processed meat per day.[clarify][32]
See also
Food portal
Ham and eggs
List of hams
List of ham dishes
List of smoked foods
Turkey ham
References
Jump up ^ "Red and processed meats and cancer prevention". World Cancer Research Fund.
Jump up ^ "Bacon: Bacon and Ham Curing" in Chambers's Encyclopædia. London: George Newnes, 1961, Vol. 2, p. 39.
Jump up ^ Callow, EH (December 1947). "The Action of Salts and other Substances Used in the Curing of Bacon and Ham". British Journal of Nutrition. 1 (2–3): 269–274. PMID 18907930. doi:10.1079/bjn19470037.
^ Jump up to: a b Zeuthen, Peter (2008-04-15). Meat Fermentation Worldwide: History and Principles. ISBN 978-0-470-37634-8.
Jump up ^ Larousse Gastronomique. Hamlyn. 2009. ISBN 978-0-600-62042-6.
Jump up ^ Brown, Lesley, ed. (2007). Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. II (Sixth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University press. p. 3611.
Jump up ^ "Labelling and Composition of Meat Products: Guidance Notes" (PDF). Food Standards Agency Scotland. p. 31.
Jump up ^ "9 CFR 317.8 – False or misleading labeling or practices generally; specific prohibitions and requirements for labels and containers". Legal Information Institute.
^ Jump up to: a b "Curing Methods". Meat and Sausages.com.
Jump up ^ Sentandreu, Miguel Angel; Toldrá, Fidel (2001). "Dipeptidyl peptidase activities along the processing of Serrano dry-cured ham". European Food Research and Technology. 213 (2): 83–87. doi:10.1007/s002170100355.
Jump up ^ Zhou, G.H.; Zhao, G.M. (2007), "Biochemical changes during processing of traditional Jinhua ham", Meat Science (77): 114–120
Jump up ^ Wierbicki, Eugen; Howker, John J (1976). "Effect of salt, phosphates and other curing ingredients on shrinkage of lean pork meat and quality of smoked processed ham". Journal of Food Science. 41 (5): 1116–1121. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1976.tb14399.x.
Jump up ^ Jakszyn, P.; Gonzalez, C. A. (2006). "Nitrosamine and related food intake and gastric and oesophageal cancer risk: A systematic review of the epidemiological evidence". World journal of gastroenterology : WJG. 12 (27): 4296–4303. PMC 4087738  . PMID 16865769. doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i27.4296.
^ Jump up to: a b c Toldrá, Fidel; Flores, Mónica (1998). "The Role of Muscle Proteases and Lipases in Flavor Development During the Processing of Dry-Cured Ham". Critical Reviews in Food SCience and Nutrition. 38 (4): 351–352. doi:10.1080/10408699891274237.
Jump up ^ Sárraga, Carmen; Gil, Marta; Arnau, Jacint; Monfort, Josep M (1989). "Effect of curing salt and phosphate on the activity of porcine muscle proteases". Meat Science. 24 (4): 241–249. doi:10.1016/0309-1740(89)90042-9.
Jump up ^ Sárraga, Carmen; Gil, Marta; García-Regueiro, José Antonio (1993). "Comparison of calpain and cathepsin (B,L and D) activities during dry-cured ham processing from heavy and large white pigs". Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 62 (1): 71–75. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740620110.
Jump up ^ Vestergaard, Christian; Erbou, Søren G; Thauland, Torunn; Adler-Nissen, Jens; Berg, Per (January 2005). "Salt distribution in dry-cured ham measured by computed tomography and image analysis". Meat Science. 69 (1): 9–15. PMID 22062634. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.06.002.
Jump up ^ Wittkowski, Reiner; Ruther, Joachim; Drinda, Heike; Rafiei-Taghanaki, Foroozan "Formation of smoke flavor compounds by thermal lignin degradation" ACS Symposium Series (Flavor Precursors), 1992, volume 490, pp 232–243. ISBN 9780841222229
Jump up ^ Deibel, RH; Niven, CF (September 1958). "The occurrence and significance of a motile microorganism of the Genus Lactobacillus in ham curing brines". Applied Microbiology. 6 (5): 323–327. PMC 1057423  . PMID 13571973.
Jump up ^ "Zdaj uradno originalen: kraški pršut zaščiten v EU".
Jump up ^ Regulator Agency of the Serrano Ham D.O., Jamón de Teruel.com
Jump up ^ "Campaña informativa sobre los Productos del Ibérico del Ministerio de Agricultura de España". Web.archive.org. 22 May 2008. Archived from the original on 22 May 2008. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
Jump up ^ A colour atlas of food quality control, section "Brine curing", pages 65 and 66. Jane P. Sutherland, A. H. Varnam
Jump up ^ "Food Legends of the United Kingdom: York Ham". Information Britain. Retrieved 11 November 2009.
Jump up ^ Lori Alden. "Cook's Thesaurus: Ham". Food Subs. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
Jump up ^ Gallagher, James. "Processed meat 'early death' link". BBC News.
Jump up ^ Larsson, SC; Wolk, A (2012). "Red and processed meat consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer: meta-analysis of prospective studies". British Journal of Cancer. 106 (3): 603–607. PMC 3273353  . PMID 22240790. doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.585.
Jump up ^ "Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective" (PDF). The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b Tina Marie Macias (31 October 2007). "Body fat is linked to six types of cancers". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective" (PDF). The World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research. 31 October 2007. p. 117. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
Jump up ^ "Be thin to cut cancer, study says". BBC News. 31 October 2007. Retrieved 18 September 2009.
Jump up ^ Rohrmann; et al. (7 March 2013). "Meat consumption and mortality – results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition". BMC Medicine. 11 (63): 63. PMC 3599112  . PMID 23497300. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-63.
External links
Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on
Ham
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ham (food).
Ham history
United States Department of Agriculture: Ham and food safety
Cook´s Thesaurus: ham
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text:
Go Fish
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other uses, see Go Fish (disambiguation).
"Fish (card game)" redirects here. For the "Canadian Fish" card game also commonly called "Fish", see Literature (card game).
Go Fish
Alternative name
Fish
Type
Matching
Players
2+
Skills required
Decision making, memory
Age range
13+
Cards
52
Deck
Anglo–American–French
Play
Variable sequence
Playing time
5-15 minutes
Random chance
Medium
Related games
Happy Families
Go Fish or Fish is a card game usually played by two to five players,[1] although it can be played with up to 10 players. It can be played in about 5 to 15 minutes.
Contents
1 The game
2 Variations
3 Strategy
4 Special card decks
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
The game[edit]
Four cards of the same face value are known as a "book"
Five cards are dealt from a standard 52-card deck to each player, or seven cards if there are four or fewer players.[2] The remaining cards are shared between the players, usually spread out in a disorderly pile referred to as the "ocean" or "pool".[2]
The player whose turn it is to play asks another player for his or her cards of a particular face value. For example, Alice may ask, "Bob, do you have any threes?" Alice must have at least one card of the rank she requested.[3] Bob must hand over all cards of that rank if possible. If he has none, Bob tells Alice to "go fish" (or just simply "fish"), and Alice draws a card from the pool and places it in her own hand. Then it is the next player's turn – unless the card Alice drew is the card she asked for, in which case she shows it to the other players, and she gets another turn. When any player at any time has all four cards of one face value, it forms a book, and the cards must be placed face up in front of that player.
Play proceeds to the left.[4] When all sets of cards have been laid down in books, the game ends. The player with the most books wins.[2]
Variations[edit]
There are a number of variations of these basic rules:
A player gives only one card when asked.
A player forms and lays down pairs instead of 4-card books.
A player whose call is unsuccessful and draws the card being asked for does not get another turn.
A player asks for a specific card instead of a rank. A player must still have at least one card of the named rank in order to ask, and must expose that card when asking. This is similar to Happy Families.
If the other players got all their matches and one player has a card left while no more go-fish cards to draw, the player with the remaining card loses the game.
Books are saved by each player, face down. When the main play is finished, a further stage of play starts, with the player who has most books. That player may ask another player for a rank that they remember that player has; if correct they win the whole book; if incorrect, play passes to the other player. The winner is the player who has eventually collected a book of every rank.
The winner is the player who runs out of cards first.
Jokers can be used to create a book by asking another player if they have any jokers in their hand. Two jokers form one book.
Instead of going round in a circle the turn switches to the person saying go fish.
Strategy[edit]
If, when fishing, a player draws a rank they did not have, they should ask for it on their next turn. Otherwise, they should rotate among the ranks that they already hold. In the more difficult variants, strategy often requires memorizing which cards each player possesses. Unlike many card games, Go Fish depends on the honor system; lying about the contents of one's hand is difficult to prevent.
It is often beneficial for the player to conceal the cards they hold in order to prevent other players from knowing which cards they can ask for. This can be accomplished by consistently asking different players for the same rank of card.
Special card decks[edit]
Instead of using a standard 52 playing card deck, various specialty decks have been manufactured including the 169 count playing card Kids Classic Go Fish Card Game by U.S. Games Systems, Inc. Other specialist card packs which can be used to play similar games have also been produced including the Safari Pals packs which use animal characteristics to form the sets and packs which use personalized names to form the sets.
There is a similar game called Quartets.
See also[edit]
Literature (card game)
Happy Families – Card game from the UK with almost identical rules.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Game rules Archived April 20, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Jump up to: a b c Official Rules of Card Games: How to Play the Go Fish Card Game
Jump up ^ "Go Fish Card Game Rules". Bicycle Cards Canada. Archived from the original on 2014-04-01. Retrieved 2014-03-29.
Jump up ^ Go Fish Rules
External links[edit]
Rules of Card Games: Go Fish
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text:
Magic (B.o.B song)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Magic"
Single by B.o.B featuring Rivers Cuomo
from the album B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray
Released
July 6, 2010 (2010-07-06)
Format
Digital download
CD single
Recorded
2010
Genre
Hip hop
pop punk[1]
Length
3:16
Label
Grand Hustle
Rebel Rock
Atlantic
Songwriter(s)
Bobby Simmons
Rivers Cuomo
Lukasz Gottwald
Producer(s)
Dr. Luke
B.o.B singles chronology
"Bet I"
(2010) "Magic"
(2010) "So High"
(2010)
"Bet I"
(2010) "Magic"
(2010) "So High"
(2010)
Rivers Cuomo singles chronology
"Magic"
(2010) Magic2010 "Can't Keep My Hands off You"
(2011) Can't Keep My Hands off You2011
"Magic" is a song by American hip hop recording artist B.o.B, released on June 7, 2010 as the fifth single from his debut studio album B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray (2010). The track features Weezer's lead singer Rivers Cuomo, singing the chorus. It was written by both artists, alongside the song's producer Dr. Luke. In the UK, the track made Radio 1's B-Playlist.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Composition
2 Reception
3 Music video
4 Track listing
5 Charts and certifications
5.1 Weekly charts
5.2 Year-end charts
5.3 Certifications
6 In other media
7 References
8 External links
Composition[edit]
"Magic" is written in the key of B major with a tempo of 82 beats per minute in common time. The song follows a chord progression of B5–E5–G♯5–F♯5, and the vocals in the song span from D♯4 to F♯5.[3][4]
Reception[edit]
Despite mixed reviews, the song progressed up and down the Billboard Hot 100 chart, reaching number 10 at its peak.[5] Billboard.com gave it a positive review, saying, "The song's strongest force is an infectious, throbbing synth-guitar hook from Dr. Luke, who seamlessly fuses B.o.B's verses with a chorus by Weezer frontman Rivers Cuomo that demands a singalong. The result is stellar."[6] The reviewer at TinyMixtapes.com said that "'Magic' is magnificently, triumphantly corny, enough to give Steve Miller and that guy from The Outfield a run for their money. 'Magic' isn't good by any stretch of the imagination, but it is goofily enjoyable."[7] In his album review for Spin, Kenny Herzog wrote, "The Adventures of Bobby Ray is a hip-hop Scary Movie, tossing off references (Vampire Weekend sample, Rivers Cuomo cameo) while struggling to establish a distinctive identity."[8] Pitchfork questioned "the appearance by Weezer's Rivers Cuomo, whose creepily blank vocals on 'Magic' sound like the engineer has a gun to his head".[9] The Guardian's Paul MacInnes wrote that "all the Chris Martinesque piano lines and calibrated guest appearances – from Weezer's River Cuomo to Janelle Monáe – can't obscure an absence of soul throughout."[10]
Music video[edit]
B.o.B (right) in the music video
The music video was released on MTV at midnight on September 3, 2010(www.mtv.com/news/2296301/bob-magic-video-rivers-cuomo/date=April 2011}} The video features B.o.B trying to wake himself up from a dream. He was also performing with Rivers Cuomo in the video on a stage at a wild party. In addition, Paul Iacono from the MTV show The Hard Times of RJ Berger is featured dancing on stage. The video was directed by Sanaa Hamri.[citation needed]
Track listing[edit]
"Magic" - 3:16
"Mellow Fellow" - 2:58
Charts and certifications[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (2010)
Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[11] 5
Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[12] 17
European Hot 100 Singles[13] 47
Ireland (IRMA)[14] 16
Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[15] 6
New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[16] 6
Scotland (Official Charts Company)[17] 17
Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[18] 53
UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[19] 16
UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[20] 2
US Billboard Hot 100[5] 10
US Hot Rap Songs (Billboard)[21] 25
US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[22] 12
US Rhythmic (Billboard)[23] 30
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (2010)
Position
Australian Singles Chart[24] 44
US Billboard Hot 100[25] 63
Certifications[edit]
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales
Canada (Music Canada)[26]
Platinum 80,000^
New Zealand (RMNZ)[27]
Gold 7,500*
United States (RIAA)[28]
2× Platinum 2,000,000^
*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
In other media[edit]
The Treblemakers, an all-male a cappella group in the musical comedy Pitch Perfect, sang this song in their finale performance.
American female rapper Becky G, recorded a new version of the song for The Smurfs 2 soundtrack called Magik 2.0. Her rendition features singer Austin Mahone singing the hook while Becky raps the verses. It was produced by A.C.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/b-o-b-b-o-b-presents-the-adventures-of-bobby-ray
Jump up ^ "BBC - Radio 1 - Playlist". Radio 1.
Jump up ^ Simmons Jr., Bobby Ray. "B.o.B "Magic" Sheet Music in B Major (transposable) - Download & Print". Musicnotes.com. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
Jump up ^ "BPM for 'magic' by bob | songbpm.com". songbpm.com. Retrieved 2016-10-14.
^ Jump up to: a b "B.o.B Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Billboard.com article"
Jump up ^ "B.o.B. - B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray | Music Review". Tiny Mix Tapes.
Jump up ^ Herzog, Kenny (April 26, 2010). "B.o.B, 'The Adventures of Bobby Ray' (Atlantic)". Spin Magazine Online.
Jump up ^ Greene, Jayson (May 13, 2010). "Pitchfork: Album Reviews: B.o.B: The Adventures of Bobby Ray". Pitchfork Media.
Jump up ^ MacInnes, Paul (May 27, 2010). "B.o.B.: B.o.B. Presents the Adventures of Bobby Ray". guardian.co.uk. Guardian News and Media.
Jump up ^ "Australian-charts.com – B.o.B feat. Rivers Cuomo – Magic". ARIA Top 50 Singles.
Jump up ^ "B.o.B Chart History (Canadian Hot 100)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ " European Hot 100: Week of November 20, 2010". Billboard.com
Jump up ^ "Chart Track: Week 42, 2010". Irish Singles Chart.
Jump up ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – B.o.B feat. Rivers Cuomo" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
Jump up ^ "Charts.org.nz – B.o.B feat. Rivers Cuomo – Magic". Top 40 Singles.
Jump up ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Swedishcharts.com – B.o.B feat. Rivers Cuomo – Magic". Singles Top 100.
Jump up ^ "Official Singles Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "Official R&B Singles Chart Top 40". Official Charts Company.
Jump up ^ "B.o.B Chart History (Hot Rap Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "B.o.B Chart History (Pop Songs)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "B.o.B Chart History (Rhythmic)". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "ARIA Charts – End Of Year Charts – Top 100 Singles 2010". Australian Recording Industry Association. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
Jump up ^ "Hot 100 Songs: 2010 Year-End Charts - Billboard". Billboard.
Jump up ^ "Canadian single certifications – B.o.B – Magic". Music Canada.
Jump up ^ THE FIELD id (chart number) MUST BE PROVIDED for NEW ZEALAND CERTIFICATION.
Jump up ^ "American single certifications – B.o.B – Magic". Recording Industry Association of America. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
hide
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Discography
Production discography
Studio albums
B.o.B Presents: The Adventures of Bobby Ray
Strange Clouds
Underground Luxury
Ether
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Elements
We Want Smoke (with Hustle Gang)
Mixtapes
G.D.O.D. (Get Dough or Die) (with Hustle Gang)
Psycadelik Thoughtz
Singles
"Nothin' on You"
"Don't Let Me Fall"
"Airplanes"
"Bet I"
"Magic"
"I'll Be in the Sky"
"Strange Clouds"
"Play the Guitar"
"So Good"
"So Hard to Breathe"
"Both of Us"
"Out of My Mind"
"We Still in This Bitch"
"HeadBand"
"Ready"
"John Doe"
"Not for Long"
"Back and Forth"
Featured singles
"Don't Go There"
"So High"
"Price Tag"
"The One That Got Away"
"Am I a Psycho?"
"Memories Back Then"
"Brokenhearted"
"Up Down (Do This All Day)"
"Paranoid"
"Numb"
"Secrets"
"Hood Go Crazy"
Promotional singles
"Blow (Remix)"
"Good Life (Remix)"
"Body Party (Remix)"
Other songs
"Generation Lost"
"I'm On 2.0"
"Double or Nothing"
"Flatline"
Related articles
All City Chess Club
A.K.O.O Clothing
Grand Hustle Records
Jim Jonsin
Label No Genre
T.I.
Rebel Rock Entertainment
hide
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Rivers Cuomo
Albums
Alone: The Home Recordings of Rivers Cuomo
Alone II: The Home Recordings of Rivers Cuomo
Alone III: The Pinkerton Years
Live albums
Not Alone – Rivers Cuomo and Friends: Live at Fingerprints
Featured singles
"Magic"
"High Maintenance"
"Can't Keep My Hands off You"
"Sober Up"
Member of
Weezer
Homie
Scott & Rivers
Related bands
The Rentals
The Special Goodness
The Relationship
Space Twins
Related articles
Rivers Cuomo discography
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Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Magic_(B.o.B_song)&oldid=835742323"
Categories:
2010 singles
B.o.B songs
Songs written by B.o.B
Songs written by Rivers Cuomo
Grand Hustle Records singles
Song recordings produced by Dr. Luke
Atlantic Records singles
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2010 songs
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This page was last edited on 10 April 2018, at 14:06.
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