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Edward VIII abdication crisis
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"Abdication of Edward" redirects here. For the abdication of Edward II, see Edward II of England § Abdication.
Instrument of abdication signed by Edward VIII and his three brothers, Albert, Henry and George, 10 December 1936
In 1936, a constitutional crisis in the British Empire arose when King-Emperor Edward VIII proposed to marry Wallis Simpson, an American socialite who was divorced from her first husband and was pursuing a divorce of her second.
The marriage was opposed by the governments of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth. Religious, legal, political and moral objections were raised. As British monarch, Edward was the nominal head of the Church of England, which did not then allow divorced people to remarry in church if their ex-spouses were still alive. For this reason, it was widely believed that Edward could not marry Simpson and remain on the throne.[a] Simpson was perceived to be politically and socially unsuitable as a prospective queen consort because of her two failed marriages. It was widely assumed by the Establishment that she was driven by love of money or position rather than love for the King. Despite the opposition, Edward declared that he loved Simpson and intended to marry her whether his governments approved or not.
The widespread unwillingness to accept Simpson as the King's consort and Edward's refusal to give her up led to his abdication in December 1936.[b] He was succeeded by his brother George VI. Edward was given the title His Royal Highness the Duke of Windsor following his abdication, and he married Simpson the following year. They remained married until his death 35 years later.
Contents
[hide]
1 Prelude
2 Opposition
2.1 Social and moral
2.2 Religious and legal
2.3 Political
3 Options considered
4 Legal manoeuvres
5 Abdication
6 Post-abdication
7 Notes
8 Sources
9 References
10 External links
Prelude[edit]
Edward in 1932
Edward had been introduced to Wallis Simpson, an American citizen and wife of British shipping executive Ernest Aldrich Simpson, by Lady Furness on 10 January 1931. Ernest Simpson was Wallis's second husband; her first marriage, to U.S. Navy pilot Win Spencer, had ended in divorce in 1927. It is generally accepted that Wallis Simpson and the Prince of Wales became lovers in 1934, while Lady Furness (who was also in a relationship with the prince) was visiting relatives in America. However, Edward adamantly insisted to his father that he was not physically intimate with Simpson and that it was inappropriate to describe her as his mistress.[2] Edward's relationship with Simpson further weakened his poor relationship with his parents. Although King George V and Queen Mary met Simpson at Buckingham Palace in 1935,[3] they later refused to receive her.[4] Edward and Simpson were secretly followed by members of the Metropolitan Police Special Branch, who produced reports on the nature of their relationship and their investigations into Wallis Simpson's private life that included the "pursuit of vicious gossip" and the identification of a "secret lover".[5] The prospect of having an American divorcee with a questionable past having such sway over the heir apparent led to anxiety among government and establishment figures.[6]
Edward VIII succeeded his father on 20 January 1936, after which Simpson attended more official functions as the King's guest. Despite her name appearing regularly in the Court Circular, the name of her husband was conspicuously absent.[7] In the summer of that year, the King eschewed the traditional prolonged stay at Balmoral in favour of a holiday with Simpson in the eastern Mediterranean that was widely covered in the American and continental European press, but not by the British press, which maintained a self-imposed silence. Nevertheless, Canadians and expatriate Britons, who had access to the foreign reports, were largely scandalised by the coverage.[8]
Edward VIII and Wallis Simpson in the Mediterranean, 1936
By October, it was rumoured in high society and abroad that Edward intended to marry Simpson as soon as she was free to do so.[9] At the end of that month, the crisis came to a head when she filed for divorce and the American press announced that marriage between her and the King was imminent.[10] The King's private secretary, Alec Hardinge, wrote to him on 13 November, warning: "The silence in the British Press on the subject of Your Majesty's friendship with Mrs Simpson is not going to be maintained ... Judging by the letters from British subjects living in foreign countries where the Press has been outspoken, the effect will be calamitous."[11] Senior British ministers knew that Hardinge had written to the King and may have helped him draft the letter.[12]
The King invited Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin to Buckingham Palace the following Monday (16 November) and informed him that he intended to marry Simpson. Baldwin replied that such a marriage would not be acceptable to the people, stating: "... the Queen becomes the Queen of the country. Therefore in the choice of a Queen the voice of the people must be heard."[13] Baldwin's view was shared by the Australian High Commissioner in London, Stanley Bruce, who was a former Australian prime minister. On the same day that Hardinge wrote to the King, Bruce met Hardinge and then wrote to Baldwin, expressing horror at the idea of a marriage between the King and Simpson.[14]
Nevertheless, the British press remained quiet on the subject until Alfred Blunt, Bishop of Bradford, gave a speech to his diocesan conference on 1 December, which alluded to the King's need of divine grace: "We hope that he is aware of his need. Some of us wish that he gave more positive signs of his awareness."[15] The press took this for the first public comment by a notable person on the crisis and it became front page news the following day. When asked about it later, however, the bishop claimed he had not heard of Simpson at the time he wrote the speech.[16] Acting on the advice of Edward's staff, Simpson left Britain for the south of France two days later in an attempt to escape intense press attention. Both she and the King were devastated by the separation. At a tearful departure, the King told her, "I shall never give you up."[17]
Opposition[edit]
Opposition to the King and his marriage came from several directions. Edward's desire to modernise the monarchy and make it more accessible, though appreciated by many of the public,[18] was distrusted by the British Establishment.[19] Edward upset the aristocracy by treating their traditions and ceremonies with disdain, and many were offended by his abandonment of accepted social norms and mores.[20]
Social and moral[edit]
Wallis Simpson, 1936
Government ministers and the royal family found Wallis Simpson's background and behaviour unacceptable for a potential queen. Rumours and innuendo about her circulated in society.[21] The King's mother, Queen Mary, was even told that Simpson might have held some sort of sexual control over Edward, as she had released him from an undefined sexual dysfunction through practices learnt in a Chinese brothel.[22] This view was partially shared by Alan Don, Chaplain to the Archbishop of Canterbury, who wrote that he suspected the King "is sexually abnormal which may account for the hold Mrs. S. has over him".[23] Even Edward VIII's official biographer, Philip Ziegler, noted that: "There must have been some sort of sadomasochistic relationship ... [Edward] relished the contempt and bullying she bestowed on him."[24]
Police detectives following Simpson reported back that, while involved with Edward, she was also involved with a married car mechanic and salesman named Guy Trundle.[25] This may well have been passed on to senior figures in the establishment, including members of the royal family.[26] Joseph Kennedy, the American ambassador, described her as a "tart", and his wife, Rose, refused to dine with her.[27]
Wallis was perceived to be pursuing Edward for his money; his equerry wrote that she would eventually leave him, "having secured the cash".[28] The future prime minister Neville Chamberlain (then Chancellor of the Exchequer) wrote in his diary that she was "an entirely unscrupulous woman who is not in love with the King but is exploiting him for her own purposes. She has already ruined him in money and jewels ..."[29]
Relations between the United Kingdom and the United States were strained during the inter-war years and the majority of Britons were reluctant to accept an American as queen consort.[30] At the time, some members of the British upper class looked down on Americans with disdain and considered them socially inferior.[31] In contrast, the American public was clearly in favour of the marriage,[32] as was most of the American press.[33]
Religious and legal[edit]
In Edward's lifetime, the Church of England disapproved of divorced people remarrying in church while a former spouse was still living. The monarch was required to be in communion with the Church of England, and was its nominal head or Supreme Governor. If Edward married Wallis Simpson, a divorcee who would soon have two living ex-husbands, in a civil ceremony, it would directly conflict with Church teaching and his role as the Church's ex officio head.[34][c]
Wallis's first divorce (in the United States on the grounds of "emotional incompatibility") was not recognised by the Church of England and, if challenged in the English courts, might not have been recognised under English law. At that time, the church and English law considered adultery to be the only grounds for divorce. Consequently, under this argument, her second marriage, as well as her marriage to Edward, would be considered bigamous and invalid.[35]
Political[edit]
Fort Belvedere, Surrey, Edward's residence in Windsor Great Park
When Edward visited depressed mining villages in Wales, his comment that "something must be done"[36] led to concerns among elected politicians that he would interfere in political matters, traditionally avoided by constitutional monarchs. Ramsay MacDonald, Lord President of the Council, wrote of the King's comments: "These escapades should be limited. They are an invasion into the field of politics & should be watched constitutionally."[37] Although Edward's comments had made him popular in Wales,[38] he became extremely unpopular with the public in Scotland following his refusal to open a new wing of Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, saying he could not do so because he was in mourning for his father. The day after the opening he was pictured in newspapers on holiday: he had turned down the public event in favour of meeting Simpson.[39]
As Prince of Wales, Edward had publicly referred to Labour county councillors as "cranks"[40] and made speeches counter to government policy.[41] During his reign as king, his refusal to accept the advice of ministers continued: he opposed the imposition of sanctions on Italy after its invasion of Ethiopia, refused to receive the deposed Emperor of Ethiopia, and would not support a strengthening of the League of Nations.[42]
Members of the British government became further dismayed by the proposed marriage after being told that Wallis Simpson was an agent of Nazi Germany. The Foreign Office obtained leaked dispatches from the German Reich's Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Joachim von Ribbentrop, which revealed his strong view that opposition to the marriage was motivated by the wish "to defeat those Germanophile forces which had been working through Mrs. Simpson".[43] It was rumoured that Simpson had access to confidential government papers sent to Edward, which he left unguarded at his Fort Belvedere residence.[44] While Edward was abdicating, the personal protection officers guarding Simpson in exile in France sent reports to Downing Street suggesting that she might "flit to Germany".[45]
Options considered[edit]
As a result of these rumours and arguments, the belief strengthened among the British establishment that Simpson could not become a royal consort. British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin explicitly advised Edward that the majority of people would be opposed to his marrying Simpson, indicating that if he did, in direct contravention of his ministers' advice, the government would resign en masse. The King responded, according to his own account later: "I intend to marry Mrs. Simpson as soon as she is free to marry ... if the Government opposed the marriage, as the Prime Minister had given me reason to believe it would, then I was prepared to go."[46] Under pressure from the King, and "startled"[46] at the suggested abdication, Baldwin agreed to take further soundings on three options:
Edward and Simpson marry and she become queen (a royal marriage);
Edward and Simpson marry, but she not become queen, instead receiving some courtesy title (a morganatic marriage); or
Abdication for Edward and any potential heirs he might father, allowing him to make any marital decisions without further constitutional implications.
Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King (left) and his British counterpart Stanley Baldwin (right), 1926
The second option had European precedents, including Edward's own great-grandfather, Duke Alexander of Württemberg, but it had no parallel in British constitutional history. The prime ministers of the five Dominions (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and the Irish Free State) were consulted, and the majority agreed that there was "no alternative to course (3)".[47] William Lyon Mackenzie King (Prime Minister of Canada), Joseph Lyons (Prime Minister of Australia), and J. B. M. Hertzog (Prime Minister of South Africa) opposed options 1 and 2. Mackenzie King told Edward to do "what he believed in his own heart was right"[48] and the Canadian government appealed to the King to put his duty before his feelings for Simpson.[49] Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir told Buckingham Palace and Baldwin that Canadians held deep affection for the King, but also that Canadian public opinion would be outraged if Edward married a divorcee.[50] Michael Joseph Savage (Prime Minister of New Zealand) rejected option 1 and thought that option 2 "might be possible ... if some solution along these lines were found to be practicable", but "would be guided by the decision of the Home government".[51] In communications with the British government, Éamon de Valera (President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State) remarked that as a Roman Catholic country, the Irish Free State did not recognise divorce. He supposed that if the British people would not accept Wallis Simpson then abdication was the only possible solution.[52] On 24 November, Baldwin consulted the three leading opposition politicians in Britain: Leader of the Opposition Clement Attlee, Liberal leader Sir Archibald Sinclair, and Winston Churchill. Sinclair and Attlee agreed that options 1 and 2 were unacceptable, and Churchill pledged to support the government.[53]
Churchill did not support the government, however. In July, he had advised the King's legal counsel, Walter Monckton, against the divorce, but his advice was ignored.[54] As soon as the affair became public knowledge, Churchill started to pressure Baldwin and the King to delay any decisions until parliament and the people had been consulted.[55] In a private letter to Geoffrey Dawson, the editor of The Times newspaper, Churchill suggested that a delay would be beneficial because, given time, the King might fall out of love with Simpson.[56] Baldwin rejected the request for delay, presumably because he preferred to resolve the crisis quickly. Supporters of the King alleged a conspiracy between Baldwin, Geoffrey Dawson, and Cosmo Gordon Lang, the Archbishop of Canterbury.[57] The royal physician Bertrand Dawson was possibly involved in a plan to force the prime minister to retire on the grounds of heart disease, but he eventually accepted, on the evidence of an early electrocardiograph, that Baldwin's heart was sound.[58]
Political support for the King was scattered and comprised politicians outside of the mainstream parties such as Churchill, Oswald Mosley, and the Communists.[59] David Lloyd George also supported the King despite disliking Simpson. He was, however, unable to take any active role in the crisis because he was on holiday in Jamaica with his mistress.[60] In early December, rumours circulated that the King's supporters would join together in a "King's Party", led by Churchill. However, there was no concerted effort to form an organised movement and Churchill had no intention of leading one.[61] Nevertheless, the rumours damaged the King and Churchill severely, as members of parliament were horrified at the idea of the King interfering in politics.[62]
The letters and diaries of working-class people and ex-servicemen generally demonstrate support for the King, while those from the middle and upper classes tend to express indignation and distaste.[63] The Times, The Morning Post, Daily Herald, and newspapers owned by Lord Kemsley, such as The Daily Telegraph, opposed the marriage. On the other hand, the Express and Mail newspapers, owned by Lord Beaverbrook and Lord Rothermere, respectively, appeared to support a morganatic marriage.[64] The King estimated that the newspapers in favour had a circulation of 12.5 million, and those against had 8.5 million.[65]
On 3 December, Edward had a "tense" meeting with Baldwin.[66] Backed by Churchill and Beaverbrook, Edward proposed to broadcast a speech via the BBC. The proposed text invoked the "ancient custom" for a King to "address his public utterances to his people".[66] Edward proposed to remind his listeners: "I am still the same man whose motto was 'Ich Dien', I serve."[66] In the proposed speech, Edward indicated his desire to remain on the throne or to be recalled to it if forced to abdicate, while marrying Simpson morganatically. In one section, Edward proposed to say:
Neither Mrs. Simpson nor I have ever sought to insist that she should be queen. All we desired was that our married happiness should carry with it a proper title and dignity for her, befitting my wife. Now that I have at last been able to take you into my confidence, I feel it is best to go away for a while, so that you may reflect calmly and quietly, but without undue delay, on what I have said.[67]
Baldwin blocked the speech, saying that it would shock many people and would be a grave breach of constitutional principles.[66] By modern convention, the sovereign could only act with the advice and counsel of ministers. In seeking the people's support against the government, Edward was opting to oppose binding ministerial advice and instead act as a private individual. Edward's British ministers felt that, in proposing the speech, Edward had revealed his disdainful attitude towards constitutional conventions and threatened the political neutrality of the Crown.[68]
Cabinet Office files released in 2013 show that on or before 5 December 1936, the Home Secretary, Sir John Simon, had ordered the General Post Office (which controlled British telephone services) to intercept "telephone communications between Fort Belvedere and Buckingham Palace on the one hand and the continent of Europe on the other".[69]
On 5 December, having in effect been told that he could not keep the throne and marry Simpson, and having had his request to broadcast to the Empire to explain "his side of the story" blocked on constitutional grounds,[70] Edward chose the third option.[71]
Legal manoeuvres[edit]
Following Simpson's divorce hearing on 27 October 1936, her solicitor, John Theodore Goddard, became concerned that there would be a "patriotic" citizen's intervention (a legal device to block the divorce), and that such an intervention would be successful.[72] The courts could not grant a collaborative divorce (a dissolution of marriage consented to by both parties), and so the case was being handled as if it were an undefended at-fault divorce brought against Ernest Simpson, with Wallis Simpson as the innocent, injured party. The divorce action would fail if the citizen's intervention showed that the Simpsons had colluded by, for example, conniving in or staging the appearance of his adultery so that she could marry someone else. On Monday 7 December 1936, the King heard that Goddard planned to fly to the south of France to see Wallis Simpson. The King summoned him and expressly forbade him to make the journey, fearing that the visit might put doubts in Simpson's mind. Goddard went straight to Downing Street to see Baldwin, as a result of which he was provided with an aeroplane to take him directly to Cannes.[72]
Upon his arrival, Goddard warned his client that a citizen's intervention, should it arise, was likely to succeed. It was, according to Goddard, his duty to advise her to withdraw her divorce petition.[72] Simpson refused, but they both telephoned the King to inform him that she was willing to give him up so that he could remain king. It was, however, too late; the King had already made up his mind to go, even if he could not marry Simpson. Indeed, as the belief that the abdication was inevitable gathered strength, Goddard stated that: "[his] client was ready to do anything to ease the situation but the other end of the wicket [Edward VIII] was determined".[73]
Goddard had a weak heart and had never flown before, so he asked his doctor, William Kirkwood, to accompany him on the trip. As Kirkwood was a resident at a maternity hospital, his presence led to false speculation that Simpson was pregnant,[74] and even that she was having an abortion. The press excitedly reported that the solicitor had flown to Simpson accompanied by a gynaecologist and an anaesthetist (who was actually the lawyer's clerk).[75]
Abdication[edit]
"The Year of the Three Kings", postcard 1936
At Fort Belvedere, on 10 December, Edward signed his written abdication notices,[d] witnessed by his three younger brothers: Prince Albert, Duke of York (who succeeded Edward as George VI); Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester; and Prince George, Duke of Kent. The following day, it was given effect by Act of Parliament: His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936.[76] Under changes introduced in 1931 by the Statute of Westminster, a single Crown for the entire empire had been replaced by multiple crowns, one for each Dominion, worn by a single monarch in an organisation then known as the British Commonwealth.[49] Though the British government, hoping for expediency and to avoid embarrassment, wished the Dominions to accept the actions of the home government, the Dominions held that Edward's abdication required the consent of each Commonwealth state.[77] This was duly given; by the Parliament of Australia, which was at the time in session, and by the governments of the other Dominions, whose parliaments were in recess.[49] The government of the Irish Free State, taking the opportunity presented by the crisis and in a major step towards its eventual transition to a republic, passed an amendment to its constitution on 11 December to remove references to the Crown.[78] The King's abdication was recognised a day later in the External Relations Act of the Irish Free State and legislation eventually passed in South Africa declared that the abdication took effect there on 10 December.[49][79] As Edward VIII had not been crowned, his planned coronation date became that of George VI instead.
Edward's supporters felt that he had "been hounded from the throne by that arch humbug Baldwin",[80] but many members of the establishment were relieved by Edward's departure. Mackenzie King wrote in his diary on 8 December 1936 that Edward's "sense of right or wrong has been largely obliterated by the jazz of life he has led for years"[48] and, upon receiving news of Edward's final decision to abdicate, "if that is the kind of man he is it is better he should not be longer on the Throne."[81] Edward's own Assistant Private Secretary, Alan Lascelles, had told Baldwin as early as 1927: "I can't help thinking that the best thing that could happen to him, and to the country, would be for him to break his neck."[82]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Abdication speech
On 11 December 1936, Edward made a BBC radio broadcast from Windsor Castle; having abdicated, he was introduced by Sir John Reith as "His Royal Highness Prince Edward".[83][84] The official address had been polished by Churchill and was moderate in tone, speaking about Edward's inability to do his job "as I would have wished" without the support of "the woman I love".[85] Edward's reign had lasted 327 days, the shortest of any British monarch since the disputed reign of Lady Jane Grey over 380 years earlier. The day following the broadcast he left Britain for Austria.
Post-abdication[edit]
The Duke of Windsor, formerly Edward VIII, 1945
George VI gave his elder brother the title of Duke of Windsor with the style His Royal Highness on 12 December 1936.[86] On 3 May the following year, the Simpsons' divorce was made final. The case was handled quietly and it barely featured in some newspapers. The Times printed a single sentence below a separate, and seemingly unconnected, report announcing the Duke's departure from Austria.[87]
Edward married Wallis in France on 3 June 1937. She became the Duchess of Windsor, but, much to Edward's disgust, George VI issued letters patent that denied her the style of Her Royal Highness.[88] The couple settled in France, and the Duke received a tax-free allowance from his brother, which Edward supplemented by writing his memoirs and by illegal currency trading.[89] He also profited from the sale of Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House to George VI. Both estates are private property and not part of the Royal Estate, and were therefore inherited and owned by Edward, regardless of the abdication.[90]
In October 1937, the Duke and Duchess visited Germany, against the advice of the British government, and met Hitler at his Obersalzberg retreat. The visit was much publicised by the German media. During the visit the Duke gave full Nazi salutes.[91] In an article for the New York Daily News and Chicago Tribune of 13 December 1966 the Duke wrote that in 1937 Hitler persuaded him "it was in Britain's interest and in Europe's too, that Germany be encouraged to strike east and smash Communism forever ... I thought the rest of us could be fence-sitters while the Nazis and the Reds slogged it out."[92]
After the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, Edward was assigned to the British Military Mission in France.[93] In February 1940, the German ambassador in The Hague, Count Julius von Zech-Burkersroda, claimed that Edward had leaked the Allied war plans for the defence of Belgium.[94] When Germany invaded the north of France in May 1940, the Duke and Duchess fled to Lisbon.[95]
Under the code name Operation Willi, Nazi agents, principally Walter Schellenberg, plotted unsuccessfully to persuade the Duke to leave Portugal, and contemplated kidnapping him.[96] Lord Caldecote warned Churchill that the Duke "is well-known to be pro-Nazi and he may become a centre of intrigue".[97] Churchill threatened the Duke with a court-martial if he did not return to British soil.[98]
In July 1940, Edward was appointed Governor of the Bahamas.[99] Edward reportedly told an acquaintance, "After the war is over and Hitler will crush the Americans ... we'll take over ... They [the British] don't want me as their king, but I'll be back as their leader."[100] He was reported as saying that "it would be a tragic thing for the world if Hitler was overthrown".[100] Comments like these reinforced the belief that the Duke and Duchess held Nazi sympathies and the effect of the abdication crisis of 1936 was to force off the throne a man with extreme political opinions.[101] Claims that Edward would have been a threat or that he was removed by a political conspiracy to dethrone him remain speculative and "persist largely because since 1936 the contemporary public considerations have lost most of their force and so seem, wrongly, to provide insufficient explanation for the King's departure".[102]
After the war, the Windsors returned to France and spent the remainder of their lives essentially in retirement; Edward never took another official role. The Windsors remained married until Edward's death in 1972.
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ In 2002, the Church of England decided to allow divorced people to remarry in church under certain conditions.[1]
Jump up ^ The instrument of abdication was signed on 10 December, and given legislative form by His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 the following day. The parliament of the Union of South Africa retroactively approved the abdication with effect from 10 December. The Irish Free State recognised the abdication on 12 December.
Jump up ^ Although Henry VIII famously separated the Church of England from Rome in order to end his first marriage, he never actually divorced; his marriages were annulled. Three of Henry's six marriages were annulled, i.e. declared under canon law to be null and void. Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon was annulled on the grounds that the marriage was incestuous (Catherine had been married previously to Henry's elder brother). Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn was declared invalid after Catherine's death and Anne's conviction for treason. Henry's marriage to Anne of Cleves was not consummated and was annulled six months after the wedding on the pretext that Anne had been promised to another. In contrast, Mrs Simpson's divorces were legal terminations under civil law of legally valid marriages. A person with an annulment has not been married, whereas a person with a divorce has been married already.
Jump up ^ There were 15, including one for each Dominion, India, the British House of Commons, the House of Lords, and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
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Jump up ^ Windsor, p. 255
Jump up ^ Bradford, p. 142
Jump up ^ Bowcott, Owen; Bates, Stephen (30 January 2003), "Car dealer was Wallis Simpson's secret lover", The Guardian, London, retrieved 1 May 2010
Jump up ^ Ziegler, pp. 231–234
Jump up ^ Broad, p. 37.
Jump up ^ Broad, p. 47.
Jump up ^ Beaverbrook, pp. 28–33; Windsor, p. 314; Ziegler, pp. 292–295.
Jump up ^ Broad, p. 56; Williams, p. 85.
Jump up ^ Broad, p. 71.
Jump up ^ Williams, pp. 93–94.
Jump up ^ Broad, p. 75.
Jump up ^ Williams, p. 101.
Jump up ^ Williams, p. 134.
Jump up ^ Williams, p. 146.
Jump up ^ Williams, pp. 149–151.
Jump up ^ Williams, pp. 8–11.
Jump up ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 136.
Jump up ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 301; Beaverbrook, p. 14; Williams, pp. 70–71.
Jump up ^ See, for example, Virginia Woolf's diary quoted in Williams, p. 40.
Jump up ^ Ziegler, p. 236.
Jump up ^ Howarth, p. 61.
Jump up ^ Quoted in Jones, Chris (29 January 2003), Profile: Wallis Simpson, BBC, retrieved 2 May 2010
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Jump up ^ Ziegler, pp. 271–272.
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Jump up ^ Williams, pp. 196–197; Ziegler, pp. 273–274.
Jump up ^ Bowcott, Owen; Bates, Stephen (30 January 2003), "Fear that Windsors would 'flit' to Germany", The Guardian, retrieved 2 May 2010
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Jump up ^ Evans, p. 221.
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Jump up ^ Williams, pp. 198–199.
Jump up ^ Williams, pp. 181–182.
Jump up ^ Williams, pp. 199–200.
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Jump up ^ Beaverbrook, p. 81; Williams, p. 217.
Jump up ^ "No. 34350". The London Gazette. 15 December 1936. p. 8117.
Jump up ^ Anne Twomey (18 September 2014). Professor Anne Twomey – Succession to the Crown: foiled by Canada? (Digital video). London: University College London.
Jump up ^ Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act, 1936, Government of Ireland, retrieved 2 May 2010
Jump up ^ Executive Authority (External Relations) Act, 1936, Government of Ireland, retrieved 2 May 2010
Jump up ^ David Lloyd George quoted in Williams, p. 241.
Jump up ^ The Diaries of William Lyon Mackenzie King, Library and Archives Canada, 9 December 1936, p. 561
Jump up ^ Lascelles, Sir Alan 'Tommy' (20 November 2006), "Prince Charmless: A damning portrait of Edward VIII", Daily Mail, retrieved 2 May 2010
Jump up ^ The Duke of Windsor, p. 413; Ziegler, p. 331.
Jump up ^ Stuart, Charles, ed. (1975), The Reith Diaries, London: Collins, pp. 192–193, ISBN 0-00-211174-8
Jump up ^ The Duke of Windsor, pp. 409–413.
Jump up ^ "No. 34350". The London Gazette. 15 December 1936. p. 8115.
Jump up ^ "Mrs. Ernest Simpson's Divorce". The Times, Tuesday, 4 May 1937, p. 5, col. C; "The Duke of Windsor: Departure from Austria", The Times, Tuesday, 4 May 1937, p. 5, col. C.
Jump up ^ Ziegler, p. 529.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Andrew (2000), Antonia Fraser, ed., The House of Windsor, London: Cassell and Co, p. 53, ISBN 0-304-35406-6
Jump up ^ Ziegler, pp. 376–378.
Jump up ^ Donaldson, pp. 331–332
Jump up ^ "Windsor Helpless as World Drifts to War", Chicago Tribune, 13 December 1966, p. 2
Jump up ^ Matthew, H. C. G. (September 2004; online edition January 2008) "Edward VIII, later Prince Edward, duke of Windsor (1894–1972)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31061, retrieved 1 May 2010 (Subscription required)
Jump up ^ Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918–1945 Series D, Volume VIII, quoted in Bradford, p. 434
Jump up ^ Bloch, p. 91
Jump up ^ Bloch, pp. 86, 102; Ziegler, pp. 430–432
Jump up ^ Ziegler, p. 434
Jump up ^ Bloch, p. 93
Jump up ^ Bloch, pp. 93–94, 98–103, 119
^ Jump up to: a b Walker, Andrew (29 January 2003), Profile: Edward VIII, BBC News, retrieved 2 May 2010
Jump up ^ Ziegler, pp. 434 ff.
Jump up ^ Williamson, Philip (2007), Olechnowicz, Andrzej, ed., "The monarchy and public values 1910–1953", The monarchy and the British nation, 1780 to the present, Cambridge University Press, p. 225, ISBN 978-0-521-84461-1
References[edit]
Beaverbrook, Lord (1966), A. J. P. Taylor, ed., The Abdication of King Edward VIII, London: Hamish Hamilton
Bradford, Sarah (1989), King George VI, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ISBN 0-297-79667-4
Broad, Lewis (1961), The Abdication, London: Frederick Muller
Howarth, Patrick (1987), George VI, London: Hutchinson, ISBN 0-09-171000-6
Vickers, Hugo (2006), Elizabeth, the Queen Mother, London: Arrow Books, ISBN 978-0-09-947662-7
Williams, Susan (2003), The People's King: The True Story of the Abdication, London: Penguin Books, ISBN 0-7139-9573-4
Windsor, HRH The Duke of (1951), A King's Story, London: Cassell and Co, OCLC 1903717
Ziegler, Philip (1991), King Edward VIII, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, ISBN 0-394-57730-2
External links[edit]
Pathé Newsreel recording of Edward's abdication speech (requires Flash)
[hide]
v
t
e
Edward VIII abdication crisis
Edward VIII
Wallis Simpson
People
Prince Albert (Edward VIII's brother, later George VI)
Stanley Baldwin (Prime Minister of the United Kingdom)
Alfred Blunt (Bishop of Bradford)
John Theodore Goddard (Mrs. Simpson's solicitor)
Alec Hardinge (Edward VIII's private secretary)
J. B. M. Hertzog (Prime Minister of South Africa)
Cosmo Gordon Lang (Archbishop of Canterbury)
Joseph Lyons (Prime Minister of Australia)
William Lyon Mackenzie King (Prime Minister of Canada)
Queen Mary (Edward VIII's mother)
Walter Monckton (advisor to Edward VIII)
Michael Joseph Savage (Prime Minister of New Zealand)
Ernest Simpson (Mrs. Simpson's husband)
Éamon de Valera (President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State)
Legal documents
His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 (United Kingdom)
Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936 (Ireland)
His Majesty King Edward the Eighth's Abdication Act, 1937 (South Africa)
Succession to the Throne Act 1937 (Canada)
Cultural depictions
Edward & Mrs. Simpson (1978)
The Woman He Loved (1988)
Wallis & Edward (2005)
The King's Speech (2010)
W.E. (2012)
Category
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_VIII_abdication_crisis&oldid=802990554"
Categories:
Edward VIII abdication crisis
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The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That!
The Cat in the Hat pilot
Genre
Children's television/education/comedy
Directed by
Tony Collingwood
Voices of
Martin Short
Jacob Ewaniuk
Alexa Torrington
Rob Tinkler
Theme music composer
David Schweitzer
Composer(s)
David Schweitzer
Country of origin
Canada
United Kingdom[1]
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
60 (list of episodes)
Production
Running time
30 minutes
Production company(s)
Collingwood O'Hare Productions
Portfolio Entertainment
Random House Children's Entertainment
Treehouse TV
Distributor
Treehouse TV
Release
Original network
Treehouse TV (Canada)
PBS Kids (US)
CITV and Tiny Pop (UK)[1]
Picture format
480i (SDTV)
1080i (HDTV)
Original release
August 7, 2010 (2010-08-07) – present
External links
Website
pbskids.org/catinthehat/
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! is an animated television series that premiered August 7, 2010 on Treehouse TV in Canada, on September 6, 2010 on PBS Kids in the US and also in the UK on CITV and Tiny Pop. The award-winning series[2] is based on Random House's Beginner Books franchise, The Cat in the Hat's Learning Library, and is developed by Portfolio Entertainment, Random House Children Entertainment and Collingwood O'Hare Productions.[3] The first season has 40 half-hour episodes.[4] PBS Kids renewed it for a second season of 20 episodes which premiered on September 10, 2012. A 20 episode third season is currently in development.[5]
Each episode features The Cat in the Hat (voiced by Martin Short),[1] who leads six-year-old neighbours Nick and Sally, the Fish, and Thing One and Thing Two on a variety of adventures in his "Thinga-ma-jigger", a Seussian contraption that can sprout wings, pontoons, booster rockets, change size, and do just about anything else necessary to further the adventure. The adventures are prompted by a question posed by either Nick or Sally at the beginning of each episode,[3] which will inevitably lead them around the globe to "make natural science discoveries."[4] Similar to other PBS Kids series such as Curious George and Sid the Science Kid, The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! focuses on introducing preschoolers to various science and learning concepts.
Contents
[hide]
1 Characters
1.1 Major characters
1.2 Animals
2 Voice Cast
3 Episodes
4 Awards
5 DVDs
6 References
7 External links
Characters[edit]
Major characters[edit]
The Cat in the Hat – Voiced by Martin Short is a knowledgeable, adventurous, anthropomorphic cat. He loves to explore the world and act as Nick and Sally's guide, and he frequently speaks in rhyming patterns reminiscent of the Dr. Seuss character on which he is based.
Nick – Voiced by Jacob Ewaniuk. A seven-year-old boy. He is Sally's next door neighbour and best friend. He wears an orange sweater, white undershirt, blue pants, and gray shoes.
Sally – Voiced by Alexa Torrington. A six-year-old girl. She is Nick's next door neighbour and best friend. She wears a dark pink headband, short-sleeved white T-shirt under a dark pink jumper with two dark pink buttons, and dark pink shoes with maroon soles.
Fish – Voiced by Rob Tinkler. A moderately pessimistic fish who is loosely based on the fish in the original story. Unlike the fish in the book, however, he is red and appears to belong to the Cat instead of Sally or Nick. He is also much more cooperative in the Cat's adventures.
Thing One and Thing Two – Also voiced by Rob Tinkler. The Cat's two zany, energetic helpers.
Sally's mom – Voiced by Tracey Hoyt. Whenever Sally asks permission to go on an adventure with the Cat, her voice is heard responding. In some episodes, she is seen.
Nick's mom – Also voiced by Tracey Hoyt. Whenever Nick asks permission to go on an adventure with the Cat, her voice is heard responding. In some episodes, she is seen. She talks with a Jamaican accent.
Animals[edit]
Zhu Zhu – Voiced by Heather Bambrick. Zhu Zhu is a giant panda enlisted by the Cat, Sally, and Nick to find a present for their panda. She appears in "Bamboozled" where she lives in the forest of Bamwamabooboo.
Daphne – A dolphin.
Fifi – A red mouse.
Ralph – Sometimes called a reindeer and sometimes called a caribou who has grey fur. In the Christmas episode, he wins the candy cane hunt and also has been stowed away in the Thingamajigger.
Buster and Brenda – booby birds
Betty the Beaver – Voiced by Angela Lewis. A beaver who has large teeth, just like a real beaver. The Things destroyed her dam.
Betty's Friend – Voiced by Jeffrey Tambor. Betty's friend helped fix her dam. He appeared later in "The Cat In The Hat Knows A Lot About Christmas!".
Voice Cast[edit]
Martin Short as the Cat in the Hat
Jacob Ewaniuk as Nick
Alexa Torrington as Sally
Robert Tinkler as Fish, Thing One and Thing Two
Tracey Hoyt as Sally's mom and Nick's mom
Episodes[edit]
Main article: List of The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! episodes
Awards[edit]
2012 Parents' Choice Award – Winner in Television
2012 Cynopsis: Kids !magination Awards – Winner, TV Series based on books
2012 Cynopsis: Kids !magination Awards – Winner, Song for a TV Series
2012 Kidscreen Awards – Recognized, Best Integrated Promotion
2012 Teachers' Choice Awards – For the Classroom: "Wings and Things" (DVD NCircle Entertainment)
2012 Young Artist Awards – Nominated, Best Performance in a Voice-Over, TV or Feature Film Young Actor
2012 Parents' Choice Award – Best Website
2012 Kidscreen Awards – Finalist, Best Companion Website
2012 Cynopsis: Kids !magination Awards – Honorable Mention, Website for a TV Series or TV Special
2012 Webby Awards – Website, Official Honoree
2011 – Nomination, Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program (Martin Short)
2011 Daytime Emmy Awards – Nomination, Outstanding Original Song in Children's & Animation
2011 NAPPA Awards – "Told from the Cold" (DVD NCircle Entertainment)
2011 WGC Screenwriting Awards – Winner, Animation
2011 Young Artist Awards – Nominated, Best Performance in a Voice-Over, TV or Feature Film Young Actor
2011 Young Artist Awards – Nominated, Best Performance in a Voice-Over, TV or Feature Film Young Actress
2011 Youth Media Alliance – Nomination, Award of Excellence, Animation Three to Five Years
2010 Parents' Choice Awards – Recommended Seal[6]
DVDs[edit]
Various DVDs were released by NCircle Entertainment beginning in late October 2010 where every DVD is in region 1, subtitled in English and Spanish, approximately 60 minutes except for a few, in Dolby Digital, in 5.1 surround and Dolby surround stereo in Spanish. Every DVD has the bonus segments from the show.
Wings and Things
Show Me the Honey
Migration Vacation
I Love the Nightlife
Oh Give Me a Home
Many Ants Make Light Work
Up and Away
A Plan for Sand
Whale Music
Flower Power
Dress Up Day
Bathtime
Tales About Tails
A Sticky Situation
Trees Company
Rain Game
You Should Be Dancing
A Tale About Tails
Told from the Cold
Snowman's Land
Flight of the Penguin
A Long Winter's Nap
Reindeer Games
Surprise, Little Guys
Super Secret Digger
Night Lights
Along Came a Spider
Teeny Weeny Adventure
Hold On Tight
Trick and Treats
Batty for Bats
Aye Aye
Trick or Treat
Breeze from the Trees
Nest Best Thing
The Lost Egg
The Tree Doctor
Miles and Miles of Reptiles
Now You See Me
Be Cool
Itty Bitty Water
Ocean Commotion
Reef Magic
Digging The Deep
King Cecil the Seahorse
Ice Is Nice
Help with Kelp
Safari, So Good!
Treetop Tom
Stripy Safari
The King of Swing
Elephant Walk
Follow the Prints
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c "Official Program Credits". Retrieved August 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "The Cat in the Hat". pbs.org. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "THE CAT IN THE HAT KNOWS A LOT ABOUT THAT! DEBUTS ON PBS KIDS THIS LABOR DAY". pbs.org. April 6, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "1st Official Press Release". May 11, 2009. Retrieved June 9, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Season Three for Portfolio’s Cat in the Hat Series". Worldscreen. Retrieved February 15, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Awards". pbs.org. Retrieved January 20, 2017.
External links[edit]
Official website
Official Treehouse TV's website
The Cat In The Hat Knows A Lot About That! at the Big Cartoon DataBase
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! on IMDb
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! at TV.com
[show]
v
t
e
Dr. Seuss
Characters
The Cat in the Hat
The Grinch
Horton the Elephant
Bartholomew Cubbins
Bibliography
And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street
The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins
The King's Stilts
The Seven Lady Godivas
Horton Hatches the Egg
McElligot's Pool
Thidwick the Big-Hearted Moose
Bartholomew and the Oobleck
If I Ran the Zoo
Scrambled Eggs Super!
Horton Hears a Who!
On Beyond Zebra!
If I Ran the Circus
How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
The Cat in the Hat
The Cat in the Hat Comes Back
Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories
Happy Birthday to You!
Green Eggs and Ham
One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish
The Sneetches and Other Stories
Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book
Dr. Seuss's ABC
Fox in Socks
Hop on Pop
I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew
Come over to My House 1
The Foot Book
I Can Lick 30 Tigers Today! and Other Stories
Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?: Dr. Seuss's Book of Wonderful Noises!
The Lorax
Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now!
Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are?
Wacky Wednesday 1
Great Day for Up!
Oh, the Thinks You Can Think!
The Cat's Quizzer
I Can Read with My Eyes Shut!
Oh Say Can You Say?
The Butter Battle Book
You're Only Old Once!
I Am Not Going to Get Up Today!
Oh, the Places You'll Go!
There's a Wocket in My Pocket
I Wish That I Had Duck Feet 1
Daisy-Head Mayzie 2
My Many Colored Days 2
Hooray for Diffendoofer Day! 2
The Bippolo Seed and Other Lost Stories 2
Horton and the Kwuggerbug and More Lost Stories 2
What Pet Should I Get? 2
Adaptations
Television
The Gerald McBoing-Boing Show (1956–57)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1966)
Horton Hears a Who! (1970)
The Cat in the Hat (1971)
The Lorax (1972)
Dr. Seuss on the Loose (1973)
The Hoober-Bloob Highway (1975)
Halloween Is Grinch Night (1977)
Pontoffel Pock, Where Are You? (1980)
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982)
The Butter Battle Book (1989)
In Search of Dr. Seuss (1994)
Daisy-Head Mayzie (1995)
The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss (1996–98)
Gerald McBoing-Boing (2005–07)
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! (2010–present)
Green Eggs and Ham (2018)
Film
Horton Hatches the Egg (short; 1942)
Gerald McBoing-Boing (short; 1950)
How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000)
The Cat in the Hat (2003)
Horton Hears a Who! (2008)
The Lorax (2012)
How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2018)
Other media
Welcome (Russian short film)
Seussical (musical)
Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas! The Musical
The Grinch (video game)
Dr. Seuss: How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (video game)
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" (song)
The Lorax (play)
Other works
Private Snafu
The Pocket Book of Boners
Your Job in Germany
Our Job in Japan
Design for Death
The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T
Hejji
Society of Red Tape Cutters
Flit
Related
A Fish out of Water
Amazing World of Dr. Seuss Museum
Beginner Books
Dr. Seuss Goes to War
The Secret Art of Dr. Seuss
Dr. Seuss National Memorial
Geisel Award
Geisel Library
Geisel School of Medicine
Helen Palmer Geisel
PM
Political messages of Dr. Seuss
Read Across America
Seuss Landing
1 as "Theo. LeSieg". 2 Posthumous.
[show]
v
t
e
Dr. Seuss' The Cat in the Hat (1957)
Live-action film
The Cat in the Hat (2003)
Television
The Cat in the Hat (1971)
Dr. Seuss on the Loose (1973)
The Grinch Grinches the Cat in the Hat (1982)
The Cat in the Hat Knows a Lot About That! (2010–present)
episodes
Books
The Cat in the Hat
The Cat in the Hat Comes Back
The Cat's Quizzer
I Can Read with My Eyes Shut!
Daisy-Head Mayzie
Stage
Seussical
Related
Dr. Seuss Memorial
I Can Lick 30 Tigers Today! and Other Stories
In Search of Dr. Seuss (1994)
[show]
v
t
e
PBS Kids original programming
Former
1960s–1980s debuts
Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968–2001)
The Electric Company (1971–1977)
Zoom (1972–1978)
3-2-1 Contact (1980–1988)
Powerhouse (1982–1983)
Reading Rainbow (1983–2006)
Newton's Apple (1983–1999)
Kidsongs (1985–1998)
Square One Television (1987–1992)
Gerbert (1988–1991)
Shining Time Station (1989–1993)
Long Ago and Far Away (1989–1993)
1990s debuts
Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? (1991–1995)
The Big Comfy Couch (1992–2006)
Barney & Friends (1992–2009)
Lamb Chop's Play Along (1992–1997)
Ghostwriter (1992–95)
Kino's Storytime (1992–97)
Tots TV (1993–1998)
Theodore Tugboat (1993–2001)
Bill Nye the Science Guy (1993–1998)
The Adventures of Dudley the Dragon (1993–1999)
Katie and Orbie (1994–2002)
The Magic School Bus (1994–1997)
Globe Trekker (1994–2010)
The Huggabug Club (1995–2000)
The Puzzle Place (1995–1998)
Wimzie's House (1995–1996)
Wishbone (1995–2001)
Groundling Marsh (1995–1997)
Kratts' Creatures (1996)
Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? (1996–1997)
Adventures from the Book of Virtues (1996–2000)
In the Mix (1996–2012)
Teletubbies (1997–2001)
Caillou (1997–2010)
The Charlie Horse Music Pizza (1998–1999)
Noddy (1998–2000)
Jay Jay the Jet Plane (1998–2005)
Elmo's World (1998–2009)
Zoom (1999–2005)
Zoboomafoo (1999–2001)
Redwall (1999–2002)
Dragon Tales (1999–2005)
2000s debuts
Between the Lions (2000–2010)
The Dooley and Pals Show (2000–2003)
Clifford the Big Red Dog (2000–2003)
Corduroy (2000–2001)
Elliot Moose (2000–2001)
Marvin the Tap-Dancing Horse (2000–2002)
George Shrinks (2000–2004)
Seven Little Monsters (2000–2004)
Timothy Goes to School (2000–01)
Anne of Green Gables (2001–2002)
Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat (2001–2002)
DragonflyTV (2002–2008)
Angelina Ballerina (2002–2006)
Liberty's Kids (2002–2003)
Make Way for Noddy (2002–2007)
The Berenstain Bears (2003–2004)
Boohbah (2003–2006)
Jakers! The Adventures of Piggley Winks (2003–2007)
Clifford's Puppy Days (2003–2004)
Franny's Feet (2004–2011)
Curiosity Quest (2004–2015)
Peep and the Big Wide World (2004–2011)
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text:
Let My Love Open the Door
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
"Let My Love Open the Door"
Single by Pete Townshend
from the album Empty Glass
B-side
"Greyhound Girl"
Released
June 4, 1980 (US)
Format
7"
Recorded
March 1980
Genre
Art rock, new wave
Length
2:44
Label
Atco Records
Songwriter(s)
Pete Townshend
Producer(s)
Pete Townshend, Chris Thomas
Pete Townshend UK singles chronology
"Rough Boys"
(1980) "Let My Love Open the Door"
(1980) "Keep on Working"
(1980)
"Rough Boys"
(1980) "Let My Love Open the Door"
(1980) "Keep on Working"
(1980)
Pete Townshend US singles chronology
"Keep Me Turning"
(1977)
[with Ronnie Lane] Keep Me Turning1977 "Let My Love Open the Door"
(1980) Let My Love Open the Door1980 "A Little Is Enough"
(1980) A Little Is Enough1980
"Let My Love Open the Door" is a song written and performed by Pete Townshend from his 1980 album Empty Glass. It reached the top ten in the United States in that same year, reaching number nine.[1][2] It reached number five in Canada.[3]
Contents
1 Background
2 Chart performance
2.1 Weekly charts
2.2 Year-end charts
3 Personnel
4 Covers
5 Media featuring song
6 References
7 External links
Background[edit]
Although Townshend is a devotee to the religious guru Meher Baba, he claimed in the liner notes of his Anthology CD that "Jesus sings" on the track.[4]
"Let My Love Open the Door" was released as the second single from Empty Glass in Britain, where it was backed with the non-album tracks "Classified" and "Greyhound Girl." The song was a minor British hit, reaching #46.[5] The song saw more success when it was released as the debut single from Empty Glass in America, where the song reached #9.[6] It was Pete Townshend's only solo top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, but The Who's song "I Can See For Miles," which was written by Townshend, reached the same position on the chart 13 years earlier.
Initially, Townshend's manager despised the track due to it "not sounding like Townshend," and wanted it to be removed from Empty Glass.[4] However, upon the song's chart success, his manager called to apologize.
Despite the song's critical and commercial success, Pete Townshend did not consider it one of his best songs. He told Rolling Stone in an interview that "Let My Love Open the Door" was "just a ditty," also claiming that he preferred his minor US hit "A Little Is Enough" from the same album.[4]
In 1996, Townshend released a new version of the song, called "the E. Cola mix", turning the song into a ballad. This version appeared in different television shows and film soundtracks.
Chart performance[edit]
Weekly charts[edit]
Chart (1980)
Peak
position
Canada RPM 100[3] 5
UK Singles Chart 46
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 [7] 9
U.S. Cash Box Top 100 11
Year-end charts[edit]
Chart (1980)
Rank
Canada [8] 35
U.S. Billboard Hot 100 [9] 59
U.S. Cashbox 92
Personnel[edit]
Pete Townshend: vocals, guitars, synthesizers
John "Rabbit" Bundrick: keyboards
Simon Phillips: drums
Tony Butler: bass guitar
Ted Jensen - mastering engineer
Covers[edit]
A version of this song by Luminate appears on The Covers EP.[10]
It was also covered by M. Ward (for the 2005 Starbucks compilation album, Sweetheart 2005: Love Songs)
Christian rock group Audio Adrenaline covered this song on their 1999 album Underdog.
Natalie Imbruglia covered the song on her album Male released in 2015.
Great Big Sea covered the song on their 2012 album XX.
Roger Daltrey covered the song in 2015 for a campaign involving Teen Cancer America and First Citizens Bank.[11] A full version was released in February 2016, with all proceeds going to Teen Cancer America.
The group Rogue Wave also covered it in "Cover me" released in 2017.
Media featuring song[edit]
The song has been used frequently in film, most notably the comedy genre, often as trailer music for movies such as Jerry Maguire and How Do You Know, and then as the closing credits song for Mr. Deeds in 2002; Jersey Girl and Along Came Polly, both in 2004. It was featured in the following films and TV series:
Look Who's Talking (1989)
Grosse Pointe Blank as "E. Cola Mix" (1997)
Mr. Deeds (2002)
Jersey Girl as "E. Cola Mix" (2004)
Along Came Polly (2004)
Click (in trailers) (2006)
Dan in Real Life (2007)
Doctors (soap opera), season 11, episode 106 (2009)
Old Dogs (2009)
How Do You Know (in trailers) (2010)
Take Me Home Tonight as "E. Cola Mix" (2011)
Red Dog (2011)
Hit and Run (2012)
The Newsroom (2012) - cover by Luminate used in the second season finale, "Election Night, Part II" (September 15, 2013)
Californication, season 7, episode 1 (April 13, 2014)
The Goldbergs, season 1 "Why're You Hitting Yourself?" (2013) the "E. Cola Mix" played at end before credits. Also played in Season 4, Episode 15 "So Swayze It's Crazy" (2017).
A cover of the song by Stacey Markus is used at the end of episode nine ("The Invitation") of the 2015 Netflix original series Grace and Frankie, starring Jane Fonda and Lily Tomlin.
The song is featured in a Walmart Christmas holiday television commercial which started airing in early December 2017.[12]
Lethal Weapon (TV series), season 2, episode 9 "Fools Rush In" play the song performed by "Rogue wave" (2017). [13]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Unterberger, Richie (2012-06-14). "Let My Love Open the Door". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
Jump up ^ "Pete Townshend, 'Empty Glass' | 100 Best Albums of the Eighties". Rolling Stone. 1989-11-16. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
^ Jump up to: a b Bac-lac.gc.ca
^ Jump up to: a b c "Let My Love Open the Door". Songfacts.com.
Jump up ^ "Pete Townshend UK charts". Official Charts.
Jump up ^ "Pete Townshend US charts". Billboard.
Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-1990 - ISBN 0-89820-089-X
Jump up ^ Collectionscanada.gc.ca Archived 2016-04-25 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Musicoutfitters.com
Jump up ^ "The Covers EP: Various artists: MP3 Downloads". Amazon.com. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
Jump up ^ "Help us open the door to better cancer care | #LetMyLoveOpenTheDoor". Firstcitizens.com. Retrieved 2016-10-16.
Jump up ^ "Walmart TV Commercial, 'Christmas Like a Rock Star' Song by Pete Townshend". Ispot.tv. Retrieved December 6, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Leathal Weapon (TV series) "Fools Rush" Soundtracks (2017)". Imdb.com. 2017-05-12. Retrieved 2018-03-30.
External links[edit]
Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
hide
v
t
e
Pete Townshend
Discography
Studio albums
Who Came First
Rough Mix (w/ Ronnie Lane)
Empty Glass
All the Best Cowboys Have Chinese Eyes
White City: A Novel
The Iron Man: A Musical
Psychoderelict
Classic Quadrophenia
Meher Baba tribute albums
(w/ Ronnie Lane et al.)
Happy Birthday
I Am
With Love
O' Parvardigar
Live albums
Deep End Live! (w/ Deep End)
A Benefit for Maryville Academy
Live: The Empire
Live: Sadler's Wells
Live: The Fillmore
The Oceanic Concerts (w/ Raphael Rudd)
Live: La Jolla Playhouse 2001
Pete Townshend Live BAM 1993
Live: Brixton Academy '85
Compilations
Scoop
Another Scoop
The Best of Pete Townshend
Scoop 3
Scooped
Jai Baba
Lifehouse Chronicles
Lifehouse Elements
Anthology
Truancy: The Very Best of Pete Townshend
Singles
"Let My Love Open the Door"
"Rough Boys"
"A Little Is Enough"
"Keep on Working"
"Face Dances, Pt. 2"
"Face the Face"
"Give Blood"
"English Boy"
Other Songs
"Somebody Saved Me"
"Slit Skirts"
"White City Fighting"
"Fire"
DVDs
Lifehouse Chronicles (video)
Live In New York Feat. Psychoderelict
O Parvardigar
Related articles
Songs
Songs Written
Albums
Peter Meaden
The Who
Deep End
Tommy (film)
The Who's Tommy
Tommy (EP)
Tommy (soundtrack)
The Boy Who Heard Music
Quadrophenia (musical)
Quadrophenia (film)
Quadrophenia (soundtrack)
The Lifehouse Method
Horse's Neck
Who I Am
Eel Pie Publishing
Eel Pie Studios
Double O
Cliff Townshend
Emma Townshend
Simon Townshend
The Wick
Ashdown House, Oxfordshire
The Boathouse, Twickenham
Chapel House, Twickenham
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Let_My_Love_Open_the_Door&oldid=854643963"
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.
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text:
Paola Andino
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
Paola Andino
Andino on August 1, 2014
Born
Paola Nicole Andino
(1998-03-22) March 22, 1998 (age 20)[1]
Bayamón, Puerto Rico
Occupation
Actress
Years active
2010–present
Paola Nicole Andino (born March 22, 1998)[1] is an American actress known for her lead role as Emma Alonso in the Nickelodeon series, Every Witch Way.
Contents
[hide]
1 Biography
2 Filmography
3 References
4 External links
Biography[edit]
Andino was born in Bayamón, Puerto Rico,[2][3] and moved to Dallas, Texas, at the age of three[4] with her parents and brother.[5] As a child, she danced competitively as a member of Lewisville's Footlights Dance Studio;[6][7] at the age of ten she started taking acting classes with Antonia Denardo at Denardo Talent Ventures in Lewisville.[6][8] After a guest appearance in an episode of Grey's Anatomy,[8] in 2011 she starred in Hallmark Hall of Fame's movie Beyond the Blackboard.[9][10] In December 2013, she got the role of Emma Alonso, the female lead, in the series Every Witch Way, which started airing in January 2014.[11] For this role she was nominated as Best Young Actress at the 29th Imagen Awards.[12][13]
Filmography[edit]
Television roles
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2010 Grey's Anatomy Lily Price Episode: "These Arms of Mine"
2011 Beyond the Blackboard Maria TV movie
2014 ReactToThat Herself
2014–15 Every Witch Way Emma Alonso Lead role
2015 Talia in the Kitchen Emma Alonso Crossover episode: "Every Witch Lola's"
2015 WITS Academy Emma Alonso 2 episodes
2017 Queen of the South Olivia “Chaparra” Gutiérrez 5 episodes
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b "Birthdate". March 22, 2015. Retrieved April 10, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Serie de Nickelodeon estrena con talento boricua" [Nickelodeon series debuts with Puerto Rican talent] (in Spanish). January 2, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "La 'magia' de Paola Andino" [Paola Andino's "magic"] (in Spanish). June 22, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "LHS-Harmon's Andino Balancing Life as Student and Actress". January 8, 2014. Retrieved July 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Conoce a Paola Andino de 'Every Witch Way' (entrevista)" [Get to know Paola Andino from 'Every Witch Way' (interview)] (in Spanish). September 7, 2014. Retrieved September 11, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "'Every Witch Way' Star Paola Andino Opens Up about Her Acting Career and Starring as Emma Alonso on the New Nickelodeon Show". January 2, 2014. Archived from the original on July 14, 2015. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Q&A with Paola Andino". January 10, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Enfocada en HOLLYWOOD" [Focused on Hollywood] (in Spanish). April 25, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Review: 'Beyond the Blackboard'". April 20, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ ""Beyond the Blackboard," A New "Hallmark Hall of Fame" Presentation Starring Emily VanCamp, to Be Broadcast Sunday, April 24 on the CBS Television Network". March 1, 2011. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "'Every Witch Way' Premieres on Nickelodeon Wednesday January 1". December 18, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Nominees for the 29th Annual Imagen Awards Announced". June 19, 2014. Archived from the original on June 24, 2014. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Winners of 29th Annual Imagen Awards Announced Honoring Latinos in Entertainment". August 1, 2014. Archived from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved August 7, 2014.
External links[edit]
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Paola Andino on IMDb
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