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The Lodge (Australia)
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The Lodge
The Lodge in 2010
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
General information
Architectural style
Georgian revival
Address
5 Adelaide Avenue, Deakin, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Coordinates
35°18′39″S 149°07′00″E / 35.310818°S 149.116547°E / -35.310818; 149.116547Coordinates: 35°18′39″S 149°07′00″E / 35.310818°S 149.116547°E / -35.310818; 149.116547
Current tenants
Prime Minister Scott Morrison
Construction started
1926; 92 years ago (1926)
Completed
1927; 91 years ago (1927)
Design and construction
Architect
Percy A. Oakley
Stanley T. Parkes
The Lodge is the primary official residence of the Prime Minister of Australia, situated in the national capital Canberra. It is located at 5 Adelaide Avenue in the suburb of Deakin, a short distance away from Parliament House. The Lodge is one of two official prime ministerial residences, the secondary official residence being Kirribilli House in Sydney. The building was completed in 1927 in the Australian Georgian revival style, and has been renovated several times since then. It was not initially intended to be used as a permanent official residence, and several prime ministers have chosen to live elsewhere during their terms in office.
Contents
1 History
2 Description
3 Renovations
3.1 Menzies, 1939
3.2 Holt, 1966
3.3 Gorton, 1968
3.4 Fraser, 1977-78
3.5 Hawke, 1987
3.6 Keating, 1991
3.7 Howard, 1996
3.8 Major refurbishment, 2011–2015
4 Security
5 Gallery
6 References
7 External links
History[edit]
The sign on the front exterior wall of The Lodge
The Lodge, soon after completion in 1927
In the 1930s
In the 1940s
In 1950
The Lodge is a 40-room Australian Georgian revival style mansion, located on 18,000 square metres (4.4 acres) of landscaped grounds. The origin of its name is unknown. It was built as a temporary measure, to be occupied by whoever was the Prime Minister "until such time as a monumental Prime Minister's residence is constructed, and thereafter to be used for other purposes".[citation needed] The original "Prime Minister's cottage" was built in 1926–1927 at a base cost of £25,000[1] and an eventual total of "£28,319, including the landscaping of 2.8 hectares of grounds, construction of a tennis court and croquet lawn, and furnishing and interior decoration".[2] The architects were Percy A. Oakley and Stanley T. Parkes of Melbourne; the builder was J. G. Taylor of Sydney. Ruth Lane Poole of Melbourne was responsible for interior design and furnishing, as she had been for the Governor-General's residence, Government House. The Lodge was intended as one of a set of three official residences, the others to be for the presiding officers of the Parliament of Australia (the Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President of the Senate), but the others were never built.[3][4][5][6][7]
The first Prime Minister to live in The Lodge was Stanley Bruce. He and his wife Ethel (they had no children) moved in on 4 May 1927, five days before the official opening of the Provisional Parliament House on 9 May.[4] When he was Leader of the Opposition, Bruce's successor James Scullin (1929–32) had objected to the cost of running The Lodge and, true to his word, he and his wife lived at the Hotel Canberra (now the Hyatt Hotel) during his premiership. However the next Prime Minister, Joseph Lyons, chose The Lodge, and all subsequent Prime Ministers have used it as their primary place of residence, except for:
Earle Page (1939), Frank Forde (1945), and John McEwen (1967–68), who served as caretaker prime ministers following the deaths of an incumbent.
Ben Chifley (1945–49), who preferred the Hotel Kurrajong, where many Labor politicians of the era stayed.[8][9]
John Howard (1996–2007), who stayed at The Lodge when he was in Canberra for parliamentary or government business, but lived primarily at Kirribilli House, Sydney. The latter is a residence maintained for the official use of Prime Ministers when they need to perform official duties and extend official hospitality in Sydney.
Tony Abbott (2013–15), who served as Prime Minister while The Lodge was being renovated. Abbott resided at an apartment at the Australian Federal Police training college when in Canberra.
When Julia Gillard became Prime Minister on 24 June 2010 after the parliamentary Labor Party decided to replace Kevin Rudd as leader,[10] she declared that she would not move into The Lodge until she had "fulsomely earned the trust of the Australian people to be prime minister" at an election;[11] instead, she remained living in her home in Altona in Melbourne and her flat in Canberra. Following the 2010 election at which Gillard led her party into minority government, she moved into The Lodge on 26 September 2010.[12]
Of the three Australian Prime Ministers who have died in office, the only one to die at The Lodge was John Curtin in 1945.[13]
Description[edit]
The building's interior has an American Colonial character, with stained wall panelling and exposed upper-floor beams under the ceiling. The ground-floor entrance opens into an entrance hall. To the left of the entrance is the dining room and service wing, which includes staff quarters. To its right are the formal reception rooms—a drawing room, study, and sitting room/library (which was originally intended as a billiards room). The staircase rises to a landing which contains office space for the prime minister's spouse, then divides into two flights, leading to a hall opening onto a loggia above the entrance. On the first floor are the private apartments and guest accommodation, consisting of a study, six bedrooms, sitting room, a drawing room, and a billiards/games room.
Renovations[edit]
Menzies, 1939[edit]
When Robert Menzies' wife Pattie Menzies supervised a major refurbishment. The makeshift children's bedrooms on the front balcony, built for the large Lyons family, were removed. Worn carpets and furnishings were replaced and kerosene heaters installed.
Holt, 1966[edit]
Harold Holt's wife Zara Holt also organised a major makeover. All the curtains and carpets were discarded. The floors were re-covered with a dramatic emerald green carpet. The tall, arched windows of the entrance were draped with crisp white curtains. A flagpole flying the Australian flag was installed on the stair landing. Most controversial of all was the extensive work needed to transform the dark varnished Tasmanian mountain ash panelling of the walls of all three rooms. Once the stripping was completed, the walls were coated with a white gloss paint. These bright walls remained the backdrop of formal photographs at The Lodge for the next five prime ministers.
Gorton, 1968[edit]
John Gorton's wife Bettina had practical skills in farm repairs which were soon called on to deal with maintenance issues resulting from some of Zara Holt's decorating shortcomings. Repairs to a leaking ceiling that threatened the silk wallpaper in the 'Swan Suite', and toning down some of the more vibrant colours in furnishings and finishes, were among the tasks she undertook. But Bettina Gorton's lasting imprint on The Lodge was in the grounds. During the Gortons' tenure, a wall was built surrounding The Lodge, both as a security measure and to give some privacy from the encroaching traffic of Adelaide Avenue on the eastern side of the residence. Once the wall was completed, Bettina Gorton developed a garden of Australian native plants. The Gortons also installed a swimming pool and a courtyard in the north-east corner of the grounds.
Fraser, 1977-78[edit]
Major work was carried out in 1977–78 to upgrade the kitchen and staff quarters and to extend the main dining room. The Frasers found the house drab and unwelcoming.[14] The once-glamorous wallpaper was peeling from the guestroom ceiling, and numerous cracks had appeared in the bathroom walls. Tamie Fraser thought the layout of the house was inefficient, the service area inadequate and, like every occupant since 1927, found the dining room too small for adequate official entertaining.[15] Among the visitors entertained at The Lodge by the Frasers were the Prince of Wales, and then the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh in 1977.
The first task Tamie Fraser undertook was to supplement the surviving settings of the 1927 white and gold Royal Doulton dinner service. It had a special pattern that had been designed by Ruth Lane Poole in 1926 featuring the prime-ministerial monogram (consisting of the interwoven letters 'P' and 'M'), which also appears carved into the backs of the dining-room chairs. The man who handled Tamie Fraser's order in 1977 had arranged for the manufacture of the original set fifty years earlier. Though this expensive purchase created a furore, it did not deter Tamie Fraser from battling to secure major renovations of the service wing and dining room in 1978. She chose architect Guilford Bell to oversee this remodelling and to redecorate the main reception rooms to 'classic colours and style', with cream-painted walls and a white Berber carpet.
Hawke, 1987[edit]
The most notable feature of the work done by Hawke's wife Hazel during her eight years at The Lodge was her sympathetic restoration of the building's interior. She also supported The Australiana Fund, started by Tamie Fraser, which used donations to collect Australian art and furniture for the four official residences – Government House and The Lodge in Canberra, and Admiralty House and Kirribilli House in Sydney. Hazel Hawke found and arranged restoration of The Lodge's original Australian-made Beale Piano.[16] The piano, chosen for The Lodge by Ruth Lane Poole to fit the original designs for the drawing room, had been used in the Canberra School of Music as a practice piano after its removal from The Lodge.[17] Mrs Hawke also fitted out a room on the mezzanine landing of The Lodge as her office, which she remembered as her favourite room in which she spent most of her time.
Keating, 1991[edit]
The Keatings made some changes to the furnishings, moving a massive William Rojo bookcase provided by the Australiana Fund into storage and providing the 'Brown Room' with new sofas. Unlike many of the earlier prime-ministerial families, the Keatings preferred to treat The Lodge as a family home and did not often entertain official visitors there.
Howard, 1996[edit]
Although the Howards chose to reside at Kirribilli House in Sydney, they used The Lodge for official purposes and made significant improvements. From 2000 to 2005, the reception areas of the residence were progressively refurbished with the assistance of interior designer Mary Durack. The two main reception rooms, the Morning Room and the Drawing Room, were redecorated in a complementary theme rather than as two distinctive areas, as was previously the case. The dining room and the foyer were also refurbished.
Major refurbishment, 2011–2015[edit]
Howard's successor in 2007, Kevin Rudd, returned to tradition by living at The Lodge, as did his successor Julia Gillard.
In October 2011 the Department of Finance and Deregulation had announced an intended 18-month repair and refurbishment project, involving roofing, insulation, guttering, plumbing, removal of hazardous material, heating and cooling, electrical rewiring, and replacement of the Australian Federal Police guard houses. "As these works have progressed, other works that could be undertaken to further improve the security, safety and functionality of the residence have been identified, and it is more efficient to complete these works while a major project is underway".[18] In an interview with ABC News, Special Minister of State Gary Gray said the total cost would run into the millions of dollars.[19] The original estimate of $3.19 million was rapidly exceeded and, as of 29 June 2015[update], had been revised to $8.8 million.[20]
In 2013, after Kevin Rudd replaced Julia Gillard as PM, he led Labor to the 2013 federal election which resulted in Coalition leader Tony Abbott becoming Prime Minister. Pending the completion of the renovations, Abbott chose to reside at Kirribilli House in Sydney and the Australian Federal Police College when he was in the capital.[20][21] The renovations were not completed before Abbott's term as Prime Minister ended, and as such he never had the opportunity to reside at The Lodge. Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull and his wife Lucy Turnbull moved into The Lodge in January 2016.[22]
Security[edit]
The Lodge is highly secure. The residence has many security features in protecting the Prime Minister and their family, including the use of many security cameras, biometric security, high fences, shatterproof windows, and a safe room.[23]
Gallery[edit]
The Bruces at The Lodge in 1928.
The Lyons family on the lawn in the 1930s
Hazel Hawke at the original Australian-made Beale piano, which she found and restored during her time in The Lodge
In 2011 before repairs to the roof. View from the back, showing the pool and BBQ area.
The Lodge in 2011. View from the gardens.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Canberra: City of White Elephants. The Adelaide Advertiser p.17, 2 May 1929, at Trove
Jump up ^ Dargavel, John. The Lodge Archived 1 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine. (furnishing project of Ruth Lane Poole) at National Archives of Australia web site.
Jump up ^ The Lodge Archived 26 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine., official website of the Prime Minister of Australia (former PM Kevin Rudd, archived). Retrieved 30 March 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b National Archives of Australia. Retrieved 30 March 2011
Jump up ^ Letter from Oakley & Parkes, 13 May 1925 Archived 27 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 30 March 2011
Jump up ^ Letter from Oakley & Parkes, 14 May 1926 Archived 27 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 30 March 2011
Jump up ^ Ruth Lane Poole Archived 26 March 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 30 March 2011
Jump up ^ Ben Chifley Archived 27 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine., Kurrajong Hotel official website
Jump up ^ Hotel Kurrajong Archived 20 August 2006 at the Wayback Machine., National Trust of Australia
Jump up ^ Curtis, L.; Hall, E. (24 June 2010). "Gillard becomes first female PM". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
Jump up ^ Levy, M. (24 June 2010). "Labor Party was losing its way under Rudd: Gillard". brisbanetimes.com.au. Brisbane Times. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
Jump up ^ "Gillard moves into The Lodge". smh.com.au. Sydney Morning Herald. 26 September 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2010.
Jump up ^ ABC Ballarat
Jump up ^ National Archives of Australia, Tamie Fraser, Australian Government, archived from the original on 10 March 2015
Jump up ^ "Life in The Lodge". The Canberra Times. 4 January 1987. p. 8.
Jump up ^ National Archives of Australia, "Australia's Prime Ministers – Meet a PM – Hawke – Hazel Hawke" Archived 21 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine.. Accessed 19 August 2008.
Jump up ^ Australian Broadcasting Corporation, "Stateline Canberra – Transcript: Ruth Lane Poole", 11 March 2005. Accessed 19 August 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Lodge, Canberra – Refurbishment Works". Department of Finance and Deregulation. 11 October 2011. Retrieved 12 October 2011.
Jump up ^ Jeremy Thompson (11 October 2011). "Gillard, Mathieson to leave run-down Lodge". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 11 October 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b McIlroy, Tom. "Lodge renovations costs blow out to $8.8 million" Canberra Times, 29 June 2015. Accessed 25 July 2015
Jump up ^ "Tony Abbott moves into the Prime Minister's office in Canberra". News Corp Australia Network. 15 September 2013.
Jump up ^ Gartell, Adam (23 January 2016). "Malcolm Turnbull to spend first night in The Lodge". The Canberra Times. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
Jump up ^ Welch, Dylan (26 June 2010). "Security experts push for Lodge move". The Age. Melbourne.
Holt, Zara. My Life and Harry: an Autobiography (Melbourne: The Herald, 1968)
National Archives of Australia: Prime Minister's Lodge-Renovations and Maintenance 1966–1968, NAA:A4 63/32, 1966/952
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to The Lodge (Australia).
National Library of Australia Photographs of The Lodge, external and internal, in 1927. Retrieved 30 March 2011
Official site of The Prime Minister of Australia
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text:
Vapour pressure of water
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The vapour pressure of water is the pressure at which water vapour is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed state. At higher pressures water would condense. The water vapour pressure is the partial pressure of water vapour in any gas mixture in equilibrium with solid or liquid water. As for other substances, water vapour pressure is a function of temperature and can be determined with the Clausius–Clapeyron relation.
Vapour pressure of water (0–100 °C)[1]
T, °C
T, °F
P, kPa
P, torr
P, atm
0 32 0.6113 4.5851 0.0060
5 41 0.8726 6.5450 0.0086
10 50 1.2281 9.2115 0.0121
15 59 1.7056 12.7931 0.0168
20 68 2.3388 17.5424 0.0231
25 77 3.1690 23.7695 0.0313
30 86 4.2455 31.8439 0.0419
35 95 5.6267 42.2037 0.0555
40 104 7.3814 55.3651 0.0728
45 113 9.5898 71.9294 0.0946
50 122 12.3440 92.5876 0.1218
55 131 15.7520 118.1497 0.1555
60 140 19.9320 149.5023 0.1967
65 149 25.0220 187.6804 0.2469
70 158 31.1760 233.8392 0.3077
75 167 38.5630 289.2463 0.3806
80 176 47.3730 355.3267 0.4675
85 185 57.8150 433.6482 0.5706
90 194 70.1170 525.9208 0.6920
95 203 84.5290 634.0196 0.8342
100 212 101.3200 759.9625 1.0000
Contents
[hide]
1 Approximation formulas
1.1 Accuracy of different formulations
2 Numerical approximations
3 Graphical pressure dependency on temperature
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
Approximation formulas[edit]
There are many published approximations for calculating saturated vapour pressure over water and over ice. Some of these are (in approximate order of increasing accuracy):
P = exp  ( 20.386 − 5132 T ) , ( E q .1 ) {\displaystyle P=\exp \left(20.386-{\frac {5132}{T}}\right),\ \ \ \ (Eq.1)}
where P is the vapour pressure in mmHg and T is the temperature in kelvins.
The Antoine equation
log 10  P = A − B C + T , {\displaystyle \log _{10}P=A-{\frac {B}{C+T}},}
where the temperature T is in degrees Celsius (°C) and the vapour pressure P is in Torr. The constants are given as
A
B
C
Tmin, °C
Tmax, °C
8.07131 1730.63 233.426 1 99
8.14019 1810.94 244.485 100 374
The August-Roche-Magnus (or Magnus-Tetens or Magnus) equation, as described in Alduchov and Eskridge (1996)[2]. Equation 21 in [2] provides the coefficients used here. See also discussion of Clausius-Clapeyron approximations used in meteorology and climatology.
P = 0.61094 exp  ( 17.625 T T + 243.04 ) , {\displaystyle P=0.61094\exp \left({\frac {17.625T}{T+243.04}}\right),}
where temperature T is in °C and vapour pressure P is in kilopascals (kPa)
The Tetens equation
P = 0.61078 exp  ( 17.27 T T + 237.3 ) , {\displaystyle P=0.61078\exp \left({\frac {17.27T}{T+237.3}}\right),}
where temperature T is in °C and P is in kPa
The Buck equation.
P = 0.61121 exp  ( ( 18.678 − T 234.5 ) ( T 257.14 + T ) ) , {\displaystyle P=0.61121\exp \left(\left(18.678-{\frac {T}{234.5}}\right)\left({\frac {T}{257.14+T}}\right)\right),}
where T is in °C and P is in kPa.
The Goff-Gratch (1946) equation[3].

Accuracy of different formulations[edit]
Here is a comparison of the accuracies of these different explicit formulations, showing saturation vapour pressures for liquid water in kPa, calculated at six temperatures with their percentage error from the table values of Lide (2005):
T (°C)
P (Lide Table)
P (Eq 1)
P (Antoine)
P (Magnus)
P (Tetens)
P (Buck)
P (Goff-Gratch)
0 0.6113 0.6593 (+7.85%) 0.6056 (-0.93%) 0.6109 (-0.06%) 0.6108 (-0.09%) 0.6112 (-0.01%) 0.6089 (-0.40%)
20 2.3388 2.3755 (+1.57%) 2.3296 (-0.39%) 2.3334 (-0.23%) 2.3382 (+0.05%) 2.3383 (-0.02%) 2.3355 (-0.14%)
35 5.6267 5.5696 (-1.01%) 5.6090 (-0.31%) 5.6176 (-0.16%) 5.6225 (+0.04%) 5.6268 (+0.00%) 5.6221 (-0.08%)
50 12.344 12.065 (-2.26%) 12.306 (-0.31%) 12.361 (+0.13%) 12.336 (+0.08%) 12.349 (+0.04%) 12.338 (-0.05%)
75 38.563 37.738 (-2.14%) 38.463 (-0.26%) 39.000 (+1.13%) 38.646 (+0.40%) 38.595 (+0.08%) 38.555 (-0.02%)
100 101.32 101.31 (-0.01%) 101.34 (+0.02%) 104.077 (+2.72%) 102.21 (+1.10%) 101.31 (-0.01%) 101.32 (0.00%)
A more detailed discussion of accuracy and considerations of the inaccuracy in temperature measurements is presented in Alduchov and Eskridge (1996). The analysis here shows the simple unattributed formula and the Antoine equation are reasonably accurate at 100 °C, but quite poor for lower temperatures above freezing. Tetens is much more accurate over the range from 0 to 50 °C and very competitive at 75 °C, but Antoine's is superior at 75 °C and above. The unattributed formula must have zero error at around 26 °C, but is of very poor accuracy outside a very narrow range. Tetens' equations are generally much more accurate and arguably simpler for use at everyday temperatures (e.g., in meteorology). As expected, Buck's equation for T > 0 °C is significantly more accurate than Tetens, and its superiority increases markedly above 50 °C, though it is more complicated to use. The Buck equation is even superior to the more complex Goff-Gratch equation over the range needed for practical meteorology.
Numerical approximations[edit]
For serious computation, Lowe (1977)[4] developed two pairs of equations for temperatures above and below freezing, with different levels of accuracy. They are all very accurate (compared to Clausius-Clapeyron and the Goff-Gratch) but use nested polynomials for very efficient computation. However, there are more recent reviews of possibly superior formulations, notably Wexler (1976, 1977),[5][6] reported by Flatau et al. (1992).[7]
Graphical pressure dependency on temperature[edit]
Vapour pressure diagrams of water; data taken from Dortmund Data Bank. Graphics shows triple point, critical point and boiling point of water.
See also[edit]
Dew point
Gas laws
Molar mass
Clausius–Clapeyron relation
Goff-Gratch equation
Antoine equation
Tetens equation
Arden Buck equation
Lee–Kesler method
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Lide, David R., ed. (2004). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, (85th ed.). CRC Press. pp. 6–8. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
^ Jump up to: a b Alduchov, O.A.; Eskridge, R.E. (1996). "Improved Magnus form approximation of saturation vapor pressure". J. Applied Meteorology. 35 (4): 601–9. Bibcode:1996JApMe..35..601A. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0601:IMFAOS>2.0.CO;2.
Jump up ^ Goff, J.A., and Gratch, S. 1946. Low-pressure properties of water from −160 to 212 °F. In Transactions of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, pp 95–122, presented at the 52nd annual meeting of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, New York, 1946.
Jump up ^ Lowe, P.R. (1977). "An approximating polynomial for the computation of saturation vapor pressure". J. Applied Meteorology. 16: 100–4. Bibcode:1977JApMe..16..100L. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1977)016<0100:AAPFTC>2.0.CO;2.
Jump up ^ Wexler, A. (1976). "Vapor pressure formulation for water in range 0 to 100°C. A revision" (PDF). J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 80A (5-6): 775–785. doi:10.6028/jres.080a.071.
Jump up ^ Wexler, A. (1977). "Vapor pressure formulation for ice" (PDF). J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand. 81A (1): 5–20. doi:10.6028/jres.081a.003.
Jump up ^ Flatau, P.J.; Walko, R.L.; Cotton, W.R. (1992). "Polynomial fits to saturation vapor pressure". J. Applied Meteorology. 31 (12): 1507–13. Bibcode:1992JApMe..31.1507F. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1992)031<1507:PFTSVP>2.0.CO;2.
Further reading[edit]
"Thermophysical properties of seawater". Matlab, EES and Excel VBA library routines. MIT. 20 February 2017.
Garnett, Pat; Anderton, John D; Garnett, Pamela J (1997). Chemistry Laboratory Manual For Senior Secondary School. Longman. ISBN 0-582-86764-9.
Murphy, D.M.; Koop, T. (2005). "Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 131 (608): 1539–65. Bibcode:2005QJRMS.131.1539M. doi:10.1256/qj.04.94.
Speight, James G. (2004). Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (16th ed.). McGraw-Hil. ISBN 0071432205.

External links[edit]
Vömel, Holger (2016). "Saturation vapor pressure formulations". Boulder CO: Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research.
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Jersey Shore: Family Vacation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the 2018 sequel series. For the 2009–2012 original series, see Jersey Shore (TV series).
Jersey Shore: Family Vacation
Genre
Reality
Developed by
SallyAnn Salsano
Starring
Paul DelVecchio
Nicole Polizzi
Michael Sorrentino
Ronnie Ortiz-Magro
Jennifer Farley
Vinny Guadagnino
Deena Nicole Cortese
Opening theme
"Get Crazy" by LMFAO
Country of origin
United States
Original language(s)
English
No. of seasons
2
No. of episodes
16 (list of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)
SallyAnn Salsano
Scott Jeffress
Jacquelyn French
Running time
42 minutes
Production company(s)
495 Productions
Release
Original network
MTV
Picture format
1080p (HDTV)
Original release
April 5, 2018 (2018-04-05) – present
Chronology
Preceded by
Jersey Shore
Related shows
Snooki & Jwoww
The Pauly D Project
The Show with Vinny
Floribama Shore
Geordie Shore
Warsaw Shore
Gandía Shore
Acapulco Shore
Super Shore
External links
Website
Jersey Shore: Family Vacation is an American reality television series that premiered on MTV globally on April 5, 2018. The series follows seven housemates from the original Jersey Shore as they spend a month living together in Miami, Florida.[1] On February 28, 2018, a second season was ordered ahead of the series premiere,[2] which filmed in Las Vegas, Seaside Heights, Neptune City and Atlantic City. The season premiered on August 23, 2018.[3]
Contents
1 Cast
1.1 Main
1.2 Recurring
2 Overview
3 Series overview
4 Episodes
4.1 Season 1 (2018)
4.2 Season 2 (2018)
4.3 Specials
5 Production
5.1 Development and filming
6 References
7 External links
Cast[edit]
Main[edit]
Pauly D
Snooki
Michael Sorrentino
Ronnie Ortiz-Magro
JWoww
Vinny Guadagnino
Deena Nicole Cortese
Recurring[edit]
Angelina Pivarnick
Overview[edit]
In the first season, the cast of Jersey Shore swore they would always do a vacation together. Five years, five kids, three marriages and who knows how many GTL sessions later, Nicole, Jenni, Mike, Pauly D, Vinny, Angelina, Deena and Ronnie are back together and on vacation in a swanky house in Miami Beach. In the second season, The gang kicks it off by heading to Las Vegas; after partying through Sin City, they head back to the East Coast, celebrating milestones in Atlantic City and settling in for an extended summer stay at the Shore.
Series overview[edit]
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
First aired
Last aired
1 14 April 5, 2018 (2018-04-05) June 28, 2018 (2018-06-28)
2 TBD August 23, 2018 (2018-08-23) TBA
Episodes[edit]
Season 1 (2018)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
1
1 "What's in the Bag?" April 5, 2018 (2018-04-05) 2.41[4]
2
2 "The Ring" April 5, 2018 (2018-04-05) 2.55[4]
3
3 "Sunday Vinday" April 12, 2018 (2018-04-12) 1.68[5]
4
4 "Ron Ron Juice" April 19, 2018 (2018-04-19) 1.73[6]
5
5 "About Last Night" April 26, 2018 (2018-04-26) 1.44[7]
6
6 "Meatball Down" May 3, 2018 (2018-05-03) 1.51[8]
7
7 "Baby Mama Drama" May 10, 2018 (2018-05-10) 1.75[9]
8
8 "The Temptation of the Keto Guido" May 17, 2018 (2018-05-17) 1.70[10]
9
9 "Umm, Hello" May 24, 2018 (2018-05-24) 1.64[11]
10
10 "Meatball Training Day" May 31, 2018 (2018-05-31) 2.02[12]
11
11 "Angelina Leaves Her Mark!" June 7, 2018 (2018-06-07) 1.65[13]
12
12 "JWoww vs. The Proposal" June 14, 2018 (2018-06-14) 1.65[14]
13
13 "Future Mrs. Situation?" June 21, 2018 (2018-06-21) 1.66[15]
14
14 "The Final Supper" June 28, 2018 (2018-06-28) 1.64[16]
Season 2 (2018)[edit]
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)
15
1 "It’s Complicated" August 23, 2018 (2018-08-23) 1.36[17]
After returning home from Miami, Ronnie’s girlfriend Jen gives birth to their child named Ariana. Things take a dramatic turn went they get into a nasty altercation and blast it over social media. Meanwhile, Pauly D decides to invite the roommates to Las Vegas to meet Ronnie’s child and party in Vegas. Meanwhile, Snooki goes to lunch with Angelina and invites her to come to Vegas with the rest of the roommates. Also, Jenni is upset with everyone when they didn’t reach out to her on Mother’s Day. Deena reveals to Snooki and Jenni that she’s not going to Vegas because she is pregnant.
16
2 "Oh Canada" August 23, 2018 (2018-08-23) 1.35[17]
While out eating dinner, the Mother's day video comes up and Jenni reveals she was very hurt that none of her friends besides Mike participated and she thought about not coming to Vegas. Also Jenni tells Ron about the conversations she's had with Jen. The following morning, Ron learns Jen's flight was delayed and she wants to come out with them that night to which he isn't happy. While at a pool party, Ron acts strangely and when he receives a message from Jen he begins taking shots. Ron nearly causes a fight in the bathroom, security gets involved, and they decide to leave. Back at the hotel, Ron while crying explains that he is scared of losing his daughter and Jenni suggests he leave Jen and fight for his daughter.
17
3 "The Truth About Ronnie"[18] August 30, 2018 (2018-08-30) TBD
Specials[edit]
Special
Original air date
Road to Vacation: Jersey Shore’s Hottest Hookups March 15, 2018 (2018-03-15)
The cast looks back at all of the hook ups they have had in past seasons.
Road to Vacation: Jersey Shore’s Biggest Blowups March 22, 2018 (2018-03-22)
The cast looks back at all of the fights and arguments they have had during the past six seasons.
Road to Vacation: Jersey Shore’s Snookiest Moments March 29, 2018 (2018-03-29)
Jenni, Ronnie, Snooki, Deena and Pauly count down Snooki's 15 most hilarious, outrageous, and unforgettable meatball moments.
Road to Vacation: Jersey Shore’s Craziest Couplings March 29, 2018 (2018-03-29)
As it turns out, everyone fell in love at the Jersey Shore. Pauly, Deena, Jenni, Ronnie and Snooki break it all down in Jersey Shore's 8 Craziest Couplings.
Jersey Shore’s Most Jersiest Moments July 5, 2018 (2018-07-05)
Mike, Pauly, Ronnie and Vinny look back at the Jersiest moments of their Miami family vacation; a review of the best spirals and roasts; funniest pranks, grossest toilets and five never-before-released scenes.
Production[edit]
Development and filming[edit]
On November 27, 2017, MTV announced that the cast (with the exception of Sammi) would be reuniting in Miami, Florida for a new reunion season titled Jersey Shore: Family Vacation.[19] The series premiered globally on April 5, 2018. According to MTV, it is considered a new series and not the seventh season of the original show.[19][20]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Itzkoff, Dave (March 29, 2018). "Snooki, JWoww and the Crew Return to MTV in Jersey Shore Family Vacation". Retrieved April 1, 2018 – via NYTimes.com.
Jump up ^ "Jersey Shore Family Vacation Already Renewed for Season 2". E! Online. Retrieved April 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Viva Las Vegas! Secrets Of The New Jersey Shore Season Revealed". Radar Online. Retrieved 5 June 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (April 6, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Jersey Shore Family Vacation' dominates, 'Swamp People' ticks up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 6, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (April 13, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: Jersey Shore Family Vacation' stays on top, 'Atlanta' holds steady". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (April 20, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Southern Charm' rises, 'RuPaul's Drag Race' holds steady". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 20, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (April 27, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: NFL Draft leads, 'Swamp People' dips". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (May 4, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Atlanta' ticks back up, 'Swamp People' rises". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (May 11, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Jersey Shore Family Vacation' ticks up, 'Atlanta' finale dips". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (May 18, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Ex on the Beach' and 'Siren' hold steady". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 18, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (May 25, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'RuPaul's Drag Race' ticks up, 'Southern Charm' holds steady". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved May 25, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (June 1, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Swamp People' holds steady, 'Jersey Shore: Family Vacation' ticks up". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 1, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (June 8, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Marvel's Cloak and Dagger' premieres, 'RuPaul's Drag Race' dips". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (June 15, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Marvel's Cloak and Dagger' falls, 'RuPaul's Drag Race' rises". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 15, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (June 22, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Shooter' premieres down, NBA Draft leads the night". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 22, 2018.
Jump up ^ Welch, Alex (June 29, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Alone' holds steady, 'Jersey Shore: Family Vacation' dips". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Welch, Alex (August 24, 2018). "Thursday cable ratings: 'Jersey Shore: Family Vacation' premieres down, 'Queen of the South' stays steady". TV by the Numbers. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
Jump up ^ "Jersey Shore: Family Vacation Episode schedule". MTV. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
^ Jump up to: a b Swift, Andy (28 November 2017). "Original Jersey Shore Cast Reuniting for Family Vacation Series in 2018".
Jump up ^ "Breaking News - Back by Popular Demand, MTV Greenlights "Jersey Shore Family Vacation" - Original Housemates Set to Return for New Series in 2018 - TheFutonCritic.com". thefutoncritic.com.
External links[edit]
Official website
Jersey Shore Family Vacation on IMDb
show
v
t
e
Jersey Shore
Cast
Angelina Pivarnick
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General election
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation's primary legislative body, as distinguished from by-elections and local elections.
In presidential systems, a general election is a regularly scheduled election where both the president, and either "a class" of or all members of the national legislature are elected at the same time but can also involve special elections held to fill prematurely vacated positions. A general election day may also include elections for local officials.
The term originates in the elections in the United Kingdom for the House of Commons.
Contents
[hide]
1 India
2 United Kingdom
3 United States
4 Footnotes
5 External links
India[edit]
Main article: Elections in India
The elections held to elect the members of the Lok Sabha after expiry of the normal term of five years are called the General Elections. Elections to some State Legislative Assemblies may be held along with the Parliamentary Elections. Earlier up to 1957 simultaneous elections were held for both the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies. However, on account of early dismissal and mid-term elections the two got separated.The Indian National Congress won the most elections.
United Kingdom[edit]
See also: Elections in the United Kingdom and United Kingdom general elections overview
The term general election in the United Kingdom often refers to the elections held on the same day in all constituencies of their Members of Parliament (MPs) to the House of Commons. Under the terms of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011, the period between one general election and the next is fixed at 5 years, unless the Commons passes a motion of no confidence in the Government sooner than that, or if the House of Commons, with the support of at least two thirds of its members, resolves that a general election should take place sooner.
The term may also be used to refer to elections to any democratically elected body in which all of the members are up for election. Section 2 of the Scotland Act 1998, for example, specifically refers to ordinary elections to the Scottish Parliament as general elections.[1]
Originally, British elections took place over a period of several weeks, with individual constituencies holding polling on separate days. The Parliament Act 1911 introduced the requirement that elections in all parliamentary constituencies be held on the same day. There has been a convention since the 1930s that general elections in Britain should take place on a Thursday; the last general election to take place on any other weekday was that of 1931.
The five-year limit on the time of a Parliament can be varied by an Act of Parliament implemented by several bodies. This was done during both World Wars; the Parliament elected in December 1910 was prolonged to November 1918, and that elected in November 1935 lasted until June 1945. The House of Lords has an absolute veto on any Bill to extend the life of Parliament.
United States[edit]
Main article: Elections in the United States
In U.S. politics, general elections are elections held at any level (e.g. city, county, congressional district, state) that involve competition between at least two parties. General elections occur every two to six years (depending on the positions being filled with most positions good for four years) and include the presidential election, but unlike parliamentary systems the term can also refer to special elections that fill out positions prematurely vacated by the previous office holder (e.g. through death, resignation, etc.). Some parallels can be drawn between the general election in parliamentary systems and the biennial elections determining all House seats, although there is no analogue to "calling early elections" in the U.S., and the members of the elected U.S. Senate face elections of only one-third at a time at two-year intervals including during a general election.
Unlike parliamentary systems where the term is distinguished from by-elections, a general election in the US is used in reference to and distinguished from primaries or caucuses, which are intra-party elections meant to select a party's official candidate for a particular race.
In the State of Louisiana the expression general election means the runoff election which occurs between the two highest candidates as determined by the jungle primary.[2]
Footnotes[edit]
Jump up ^ "Scotland Act 1998".
Jump up ^ Chapter 5 of the Louisiana Election Code, incorporating Section 18:401 of the Louisiana Revised Statutes.
External links[edit]
International IDEA's Electoral Processes Program
A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787-1825
General Election 2010
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Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
For the short story by Kurt Vonnegut, see Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow (short story).
"Sound and fury" redirects here. For other uses, see Sound and Fury (disambiguation).
She should have died hereafter;
There would have been a time for such a word.
— To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow,
Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,
To the last syllable of recorded time;
And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!
Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player
That struts and frets his hour upon the stage
And then is heard no more. It is a tale
Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury
Signifying nothing.

— Macbeth (Act 5, Scene 5, lines 17-28)
"Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow" is the beginning of the second sentence of one of the more famous soliloquies in Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth. It takes place in the beginning of the 5th scene of Act 5, during the time when the English troops, led by Malcolm and Macduff, are approaching Macbeth's castle to besiege it. Macbeth, the play's protagonist, is confident that he can withstand any siege from Malcolm's forces. He hears the cry of a woman and reflects that there was a time when his hair would have stood on end if he had heard such a cry, but he is now so full of horrors and slaughterous thoughts that it can no longer startle him.
Seyton then tells Macbeth of Lady Macbeth's death, and Macbeth delivers this soliloquy as his response to the news.[1] Shortly afterwards he is told of the apparent movement of Birnam Wood towards Dunsinane Castle (as the witches previously prophesied to him), which is actually Malcolm's forces having disguised themselves with tree branches so as to hide their numbers as they approach the castle. This sets the scene for the final events of the play and Macbeth's death at the hands of Macduff.
Contents
[hide]
1 Titular reuses
2 Other reuses
3 References
4 External links
Titular reuses[edit]
This section appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances; add references to reliable sources if possible. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2018)
Dusty death, a 1931 novel of drug smuggling by Clifton Robbins.[citation needed]
"Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow" is a 1953 short story by Kurt Vonnegut.[citation needed]
All Our Yesterdays is used as the title of several works, encompassing literature, music and television, including a 1969 history of 1940s science fiction fandom by Harry Warner, Jr,[2] and a 1994 novel by Robert B. Parker.[citation needed]
The Way to Dusty Death is a 1973 novel by Alistair MacLean.[citation needed]
"Out, Out—" is a 1916 poem by Robert Frost.[citation needed]
"Sound and fury" is used in the title of several works, including The Sound and the Fury, a novel by William Faulkner; and a 2000 documentary about deaf children. It is also the name of Edward Vesala's ensemble.[citation needed]
Hamilton uses the third and fourth lines of the section in the song "Take a Break".[citation needed]
Struts & Frets is a 2009 novel by Jon Skovron[citation needed]
Walking Shadow, published in 1994, is the 21st Spenser novel by Robert B. Parker.[citation needed]
"Signifying Nothing" is the title of a short story in the 1999 collection Brief Interviews with Hideous Men, by David Foster Wallace.[citation needed]
All My Yesterdays: An Autobiography by Edward G. Robinson.[citation needed]
ESPN SportsCenter anchor Stuart Scott frequently used the last two lines as a catch phrase to describe sports highlights.
Other reuses[edit]
Minister Zhang from Mr. Robot quotes the speech in an episode titled "Logic Bomb".[citation needed]
In the movie Birdman by Alejandro González Iñárritu, the entire monologue is recited by a jobless actor in the street.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ Andersen, Richard (2009). Macbeth. Marshall Cavendish. p. 104.
Jump up ^ Platou, Arnold S. (March 31, 2003). "Harry Warner's parallel universe". The Herald-Mail. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
External links[edit]
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
The Tragedy of Macbeth
Soliloquy Translation (broken link as of 03 Nov 2015, available at the Wayback Machine
Explanation of the scene
[hide]
v
t
e
William Shakespeare's Macbeth
Characters
Macbeth
Lady Macbeth
Banquo
Macduff
King Duncan
Malcolm
Donalbain
Three Witches
Fleance
Lady Macduff
Macduff's son
Third Murderer
Young Siward
Inspirations
Macbeth, King of Scotland
Gruoch of Scotland
Duncan I of Scotland
Malcolm III of Scotland
Donald III of Scotland
Siward, Earl of Northumbria
King James VI and I
Sources
Daemonologie (1597)
The Witch (play)
Holinshed's Chronicles
Darraðarljóð
Film
1908
1909 (French)
1909 (Italian)
1911
1913
1915
1916
1922
1948
1971
2006
2015
Cancelled (Olivier)
Television
1954
1960 US TV
1960 Australian TV
1961
1979
1982
1983
1992
2005
2010
TV / film adaptations
The Real Thing at Last (1916)
Marmayogi (1951)
Joe MacBeth (1955)
Throne of Blood (1957)
Macbeth (Verdi opera) (1987)
Men of Respect (1990)
Scotland, PA (2001)
Makibefo (2001)
Maqbool (2003)
Shakespeare Must Die (2012)
Veeram (2016)
Plays
Voodoo Macbeth (1936)
MacBird! (1967)
uMabatha (1970)
Macbett (1972)
Cahoot's Macbeth (1979)
MacHomer (1995)
Sleep No More (2003)
Sleep No More (2009)
Dunsinane (2010)
Sleep No More (2011)
Just Macbeth!
Operas
Macbeth (1847, Verdi)
discography
Macbeth (1910, Bloch)
Literary adaptations
Wyrd Sisters (1988)
The Last King of Scotland (1998)
The Tragedy of Macbeth Part II (2008)
Albums
Music from Macbeth (1972)
Macbeth (1990)
Thane to the Throne (2000)
Shakespeare's Macbeth – A Tragedy in Steel (2003)
Lady Macbeth (2005)
Art
Pity (1795)
The Night of Enitharmon's Joy (1795)
Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth (1889)
Scenes and speeches
"On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth" (1823)
Sleepwalking Scene (5.1)
"Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow"
Words and phrases
"What's done is done"
"Crack of doom"
"Strange but true"
The Scottish Play
Thane of Cawdor
Story within a story
We Work Again
Light Thickens
The Deadly Affair
"The Movies"
"Sleeping with the Enemy"
"The Shower Principle"
Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine
The Scottish Play
Burke & Hare
Episodes
"A Witch's Tangled Hare" (1959, Looney Tunes)
"The Bellero Shield" (1964, The Outer Limits)
"Sense and Senility" (1987, Blackadder the Third)
"The Coup" (2006, The Office)
"Dial "N" for Nerder" (2008, The Simpsons)
"Four Great Women and a Manicure" (2009, The Simpsons)
"The Understudy" (2014, Inside No. 9)
Other
Macbeth (Strauss)
The Scottish Play
Piano Trios, Op. 70 (Beethoven)
The Ruins of Cawdor
House of Cards (UK, 1990)
House of Cards (US, 2013–present)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tomorrow_and_tomorrow_and_tomorrow&oldid=826041316"
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Monologues
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Macbeth
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