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La Liga
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This article is about the top Spanish football league. For the Spanish association, see Liga de Fútbol Profesional.
La Liga
Organising body
Liga de Fútbol Profesional
Founded
1929; 89 years ago (1929)
Country
Spain
Confederation
UEFA
Number of teams
20 (from 1997–98)
Level on pyramid
1
Relegation to
Segunda División
Domestic cup(s)
Copa del Rey
Supercopa de España
International cup(s)
UEFA Champions League
UEFA Europa League
Current champions
Barcelona (25th title)
Most championships
Real Madrid (33 titles)
Most appearances
Andoni Zubizarreta (622)
Top goalscorer
Lionel Messi (383 goals)
TV partners
List of broadcasters
Website
www.laliga.es/en
2018–19 La Liga
The Primera División,[a] commonly known as La Liga[b] and as La Liga Santander for sponsorship reasons with Santander,[1] is the men's top professional football division of the Spanish football league system. Administrated by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP), La Liga is contested by 20 teams, with the three lowest-placed teams relegated to the Segunda División and replaced by the top two teams in that division plus the winner of a play-off.
A total of 62 teams have competed in La Liga since its inception. Nine teams have been crowned champions, with Real Madrid winning the title a record 33 times and Barcelona 25 times. After Athletic Bilbao claimed several titles in the league's early years, Real Madrid dominated the championship from the 1950s through to the 1980s, when Athletic and neighbours Real Sociedad each won the league twice. From the 1990s onwards, Barcelona (15 titles) and Real Madrid (9 titles) were both prominent, though La Liga also saw other champions, including Atlético Madrid, Valencia, and Deportivo de La Coruña. In the 2010s, Atlético Madrid became increasingly strong, forming a trio alongside Real Madrid and Barcelona which occupied the podium places exclusively.
According to UEFA's league coefficient, La Liga has been the top league in Europe over the last five years and has led Europe for more years (13) than any other country. It has also produced the continent's top-rated club more times (21) than any other league, more than double that of second-placed Serie A. Its clubs have won the most UEFA Champions League (18), UEFA Europa League (11), UEFA Super Cup (14), and FIFA Club World Cup (6) titles, and its players have accumulated the highest number of (FIFA) Ballon d'Or awards (19).
La Liga is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world, with an average attendance of 26,741 for league matches in the 2014–15 season. This is the sixth-highest of any domestic professional sports league in the world and the fourth-highest of any professional association football league in the world, behind the Bundesliga, the Premier League, and the Indian Super League.[2][3][4]
Contents
[hide]
1 Competition format
1.1 Promotion and relegation
1.2 Ranking of clubs on equal points
1.3 Qualifying for European competitions
2 History
2.1 Foundation
2.2 The 1930s
2.3 The 1940s
2.4 Alfredo Di Stéfano, Puskás, Kubala and Suárez
2.5 The Madrid years
2.6 The 1980s: Another Real Madrid dominance
2.7 The 1990s
2.8 The 2000s
2.9 The 2010s
3 Teams
3.1 Stadiums and locations
4 La Liga clubs in Europe
5 Champions
5.1 Performance by club
6 Performance comparison
7 All-time La Liga table
8 Players
8.1 Eligibility of non-EU players
8.2 Individual awards
8.3 Transfers
9 Player records
9.1 Top scorers
9.2 Most appearances
10 Sponsors
11 See also
12 Notes
13 References
14 External links
Competition format[edit]
The competition format follows the usual double round-robin format. During the course of a season, which lasts from August to May, each club plays every other club twice, once at home and once away, for a total of 38 matchdays. Teams receive three points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, with the highest-ranked club at the end of the season crowned champion.
Promotion and relegation[edit]
A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Primera División and the Segunda División. The three lowest placed teams in La Liga are relegated to the Segunda División, and the top two teams from the Segunda División promoted to La Liga, with an additional club promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs. Below is a complete record of how many teams played in each season throughout the league's history;
1929–1934: 10 clubs
1934–1941: 12 clubs
1941–1950: 14 clubs
1950–1971: 16 clubs
1971–1987: 18 clubs
1987–1995: 20 clubs
1995–1997: 22 clubs
1997–present: 20 clubs
Ranking of clubs on equal points[edit]
If points are equal between two or more clubs, the rules are:[5]
If all clubs involved have played each other twice:
If the tie is between two clubs, then the tie is broken using the goal difference for the two matches those clubs have played against each other (without away goals rule)
If the tie is between more than two clubs, then the tie is broken using the games the clubs have played against each other:
a) head-to-head points
b) head-to-head goal difference
c) total goal difference
If two legged games between all clubs involved have not been played, or the tie is not broken by the rules above, it is broken using:
a) total goal difference
b) total goals scored
If the tie is still not broken, the winner will be determined by Fair Play scales.[6] These are:
yellow card, 1 point
doubled yellow card/ejection, 2 points
direct red card, 3 points
suspension or disqualification of coach, executive or other club personnel (outside referees' decisions), 5 points
misconduct of the supporters: mild 5 points, serious 6 points, very serious 7 points
stadium closure, 10 points
if the Competition Committee removes a penalty, the points are also removed
If the tie is still not broken, it will be resolved with a tie-break match in a neutral stadium.
Qualifying for European competitions[edit]
Barcelona against Schalke 04 in the 2008 UEFA Champions League
The top teams in La Liga qualify for the UEFA Champions League. The first, second, third and fourth placed teams directly enter the group stage of UEFA Champions League. Teams placed fifth and sixth play in the UEFA Europa League, along with the cup winners. If the cup winners finish in the top six, an additional berth in the Europa League is given to the team that finishes in seventh.
History[edit]
Foundation[edit]
In April 1929, José María Acha, a director at Arenas Club de Getxo, first proposed the idea of a national league in Spain. After much debate about the size of the league and who would take part, the Real Federación Española de Fútbol eventually agreed on the ten teams who would form the first Primera División in 1929. Real Madrid, Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao, Real Sociedad, Arenas Club de Getxo and Real Unión were all selected as previous winners of the Copa del Rey. Atlético Madrid, Espanyol and Europa qualified as Copa del Rey runners-up and Racing de Santander qualified through a knockout competition. Only three of the founding clubs, Real Madrid, Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao, have never been relegated from the Primera División.
The 1930s[edit]
Although Barcelona won the very first Liga in 1929 and Real Madrid won their first titles in 1932 and 1933, it was Athletic Bilbao that set the early pace winning Primera División in 1930, 1931, 1934 and 1936. They were also runners-up in 1932 and 1933. In 1935, Real Betis, then known as Betis Balompié, won their only title to date. Primera División was suspended during the Spanish Civil War.
In 1937, the teams in the Republican area of Spain, with the notable exception of the two Madrid clubs, competed in the Mediterranean League and Barcelona emerged as champions. Seventy years later, on 28 September 2007, Barcelona requested the RFEF to recognise that title as a Liga title. This action was taken after RFEF was asked to recognise Levante FC's Copa de la España Libre win as equivalent to Copa del Rey trophy. Nevertheless, the governing body of Spanish football has not made an outright decision yet.
The 1940s[edit]
When the Primera División resumed after the Spanish Civil War, it was Atlético Aviación (nowadays Atlético Madrid), Valencia, and Sevilla that initially emerged as the strongest clubs. Atlético were only awarded a place during the 1939–40 season as a replacement for Real Oviedo, whose ground had been damaged during the war. The club subsequently won their first Liga title and retained it in 1941. While other clubs lost players to exile, execution, and as casualties of the war, the Atlético team was reinforced by a merger. The young, pre-war squad of Valencia had also remained intact and in the post-war years matured into champions, gaining three Liga titles in 1942, 1944, and 1947. They were also runners-up in 1948 and 1949. Sevilla also enjoyed a brief golden era, finishing as runners-up in 1940 and 1942 before winning their only title to date in 1946. By the latter part of the decade, Barcelona began to emerge as a force when they were crowned champions in 1945, 1948 and 1949.
Alfredo Di Stéfano, Puskás, Kubala and Suárez[edit]
Naturalised Argentine Alfredo Di Stéfano was part of a dominant Real Madrid side in the 1950s
Although Atlético Madrid, previously known as Atlético Aviación, were champions in 1950 and 1951 under catenaccio mastermind Helenio Herrera, the 1950s saw the beginning of the Real Madrid dominance. During the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, there were strict limits imposed on foreign players. In most cases, clubs could only have three foreign players in their squads, meaning that at least eight local players had to play in every game. During the 1950s, however, these rules were circumvented by Real Madrid and Barcelona, who naturalized Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás. Di Stéfano, Puskás, Raymond Kopa and Francisco Gento formed the nucleus of the Real Madrid team that dominated the second half of the 1950s. Madrid won the first division for the first time as Real Madrid in 1954 and retained its title in 1955. They were winners again in 1957 and 1958, with only Athletic Bilbao interrupting their sequence. During this period, Real Madrid also won an unprecedented five consecutive European Cups. Barcelona, with a team coached by Helenio Herrera and featuring Luis Suárez, won the title in 1959 and 1960.
The Madrid years[edit]
Between 1961 and 1980, Real Madrid dominated the Primera División, being crowned champions 14 times, although their only European Cup triumph during this era came in 1966, a sharp contrast to their five successive victories in the competition starting with the first final in 1956.
This included a five-in-a-row sequence from 1961 to 1965 and two three-in-a-row sequences (1967–1969 and 1978–1980). During this era, only Atlético Madrid offered Real Madrid any serious challenge, adding four more titles to their tally in 1966, 1970, 1973, and 1977. Of the other clubs, only Valencia in 1971 and the Johan Cruyff-inspired Barcelona of 1974 managed to break the dominance of Real Madrid.
The 1980s: Another Real Madrid dominance[edit]
The Madrid winning sequence was ended more significantly in 1981 when Real Sociedad won their first-ever title. They retained it in 1982 and their two in a row was followed by another by their fellow Basques Athletic Bilbao, who won back-to-back titles in 1983 and 1984. Terry Venables led Barcelona to a solitary title in 1985 before Real Madrid won again another five in a row sequence (1986–1990) with a team guided by Leo Beenhakker and including Hugo Sánchez and the legendary La Quinta del Buitre – Emilio Butragueño, Manolo Sanchís, Martín Vázquez, Míchel and Miguel Pardeza.[citation needed]
The 1990s[edit]
Johan Cruyff returned to Barcelona as manager in 1988, and assembled the legendary Dream Team. Cruyff introduced players like Pep Guardiola, José Mari Bakero, Txiki Begiristain, Ion Andoni Goikoetxea, Ronald Koeman, Michael Laudrup, Romário and Hristo Stoichkov. This team won Primera División four times between 1991 and 1994 and won the European Cup in 1992. Laudrup then moved to arch-rivals Real Madrid, and helped them end Barcelona's run in 1995. Atlético Madrid won their ninth Primera División title in 1996 before Real Madrid added another Liga trophy to their cabinet in 1997. After the success of Cruyff, another Dutchman – Ajax manager Louis van Gaal – arrived at the Camp Nou, and with the talents of Luís Figo, Luis Enrique, and Rivaldo, Barcelona again won the title in 1998 and 1999.
The 2000s[edit]
As Primera División entered a new century, the Big Two of Real Madrid and Barcelona found themselves facing new challengers. Between 1993 and 2004, Deportivo La Coruña finished in the top three on ten occasions, a better record than either Real Madrid or Barcelona, and in 2000, under Javier Irureta, they became the ninth team to be crowned champions. Real Madrid won two more Liga titles in 2001 and 2003 and also the UEFA Champions League in 2000 and 2002, and won their 30th league title in 2007 after a three-year drought. They were challenged by a re-emerging Valencia in both competitions. Under the management of Héctor Cúper, Valencia finished as Champions League runners-up in 2000 and 2001. His successor, Rafael Benítez, built on this and led the club to a Liga title in 2002 and winning the double with a league title and the UEFA Cup in 2004. The 2004–05 season saw a resurgent Barcelona, inspired by the brilliant Ronaldinho, win their first title of the new century, in addition to the Liga-Champions League double in 2005–06. With world-class players like Raúl, Ruud van Nistelrooy and Gonzalo Higuaín, Real Madrid won back-to-back La Liga titles in 2006–07 and 2007–08 season. Under Pep Guardiola's Dream Team, powered by La Masia talents such as Lionel Messi, Xavi and Andrés Iniesta, Barcelona added three straight Liga titles (2008–09, 2009–10 and 2010–11).
The 2010s[edit]
Match between Deportivo de La Coruña and FC Barcelona in 2016–17 season.
In the 2011–12 season, Real Madrid won its 32nd title under the management of José Mourinho with a record-breaking points tally of 100, a record 121 number of goals scored, most overall (32) and away (16) wins in a single season in La Liga history. Barcelona coach Tito Vilanova matched the 100-point record a year later in 2012–13 while battling terminal cancer. Atlético Madrid won the 2013–14 title, their first in 18 years, and the first title in ten years that Real Madrid or Barcelona had not won. Barcelona won the 2014–15 season as well as the 2015–16 season resulting in 4 titles in 6 years. Real Madrid have brought back the La Liga title under the management of Zinedine Zidane for the 2016–17 season. Barcelona completed the double for the 2017-2018 season, which resulted in 5 La Liga titles in 8 years.
Teams[edit]
Community of Madrid
Alavés
Athletic Bilbao
Barcelona
Celta Vigo
Eibar
Espanyol
Girona
Huesca
Levante
Real Betis
Real Sociedad
Sevilla
Sevilla
Valencia
Valladolid
Villarreal
Community of Madrid teams:
Atlético Madrid
Getafe
Leganés
Rayo Vallecano
Real Madrid
Location of teams in 2018–19 La Liga
Atlético Madrid
Getafe
Leganés
Rayo Vallecano
Real Madrid
Location of Madrid teams in 2018–19 La Liga
A total of 20 teams contest the league in its current season, including the top 17 sides from the 2017–18 season and three promoted from the 2017–18 Segunda División. Rayo Vallecano and Huesca are the two clubs promoted directly from the second division, and the winner of the play-offs, Valladolid.
Stadiums and locations[edit]
Team
Location
Stadium
Capacity
Alavés Vitoria-Gasteiz Mendizorrotza 7004198400000000000♠19,840[7]
Athletic Bilbao Bilbao San Mamés 7004532890000000000♠53,289[8]
Atlético Madrid Madrid Wanda Metropolitano 7004677030000000000♠67,703[9]
Barcelona Barcelona Camp Nou 7004993540000000000♠99,354[10]
Celta Vigo Vigo Balaídos 7004290000000000000♠29,000[11]
Eibar Eibar Ipurua 7003708300000000000♠7,083[12]
Espanyol Barcelona RCDE Stadium 7004405000000000000♠40,500[13]
Getafe Getafe Coliseum Alfonso Pérez 7004173930000000000♠17,393[14]
Girona Girona Montilivi 7004135000000000000♠13,500[15]
Huesca Huesca El Alcoraz 7003550000000000000♠5,500[16]
Leganés Leganés Butarque 7004114540000000000♠11,454[17]
Levante Valencia Ciutat de València 7004263540000000000♠26,354[18]
Rayo Vallecano Madrid Vallecas 7004147080000000000♠14,708
Real Betis Seville Benito Villamarín 7004607200000000000♠60,720[19]
Real Madrid Madrid Santiago Bernabéu 7004810440000000000♠81,044[20]
Real Sociedad San Sebastián Anoeta 7004250000000000000♠25,000[21]
Sevilla Seville Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán 7004425000000000000♠42,500[22]
Valencia Valencia Mestalla 7004550000000000000♠55,000[23]
Valladolid Valladolid José Zorrilla 7004265120000000000♠26,512[24]
Villarreal Villarreal Estadio de la Cerámica 7004235000000000000♠23,500[25]
La Liga clubs in Europe[edit]
Main article: Spanish football clubs in international competitions
Real Madrid against Borussia Dortmund in the UEFA Champions League in 2013
The Primera División is currently first in the UEFA rankings of European leagues based on their performances in European competitions over a five-year period, ahead of England's Premier League, Italy's Serie A, and Germany's Bundesliga in fourth.[26]
Real Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia are in the top ten most successful clubs in European football in terms of total European trophies.[citation needed] These three clubs, along with Sevilla and Atlético Madrid, are five of the most successful teams in European competition history; these five are the only Spanish clubs to have won five or more international trophies. Deportivo La Coruña are the sixth-most participating Spanish team in the Champions League — after Real Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Atletico Madrid and Sevilla FC — with five Champions League appearances in a row, including a semifinal appearance in 2003–04.[27]
In 2005–06, Barcelona won the Champions League and Sevilla won the UEFA Cup, making the La Liga the first league to do the European "double" since 1997. On 25 August 2015, La Liga became the first league to classify five teams for the UEFA Champions League group stage (Atlético Madrid, Barcelona, Real Madrid, Sevilla and Valencia).
Champions[edit]
Main article: List of Spanish football champions
Performance by club[edit]
Teams
Winners
Runners-up
Winning seasons
Real Madrid
33
23
1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17
Barcelona
25
25
1929, 1944–45, 1947–48, 1948–49, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1973–74, 1984–85, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18
Atlético Madrid
10
10
1939–40, 1940–41, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1995–96, 2013–14
Athletic Bilbao
8
7
1929–30, 1930–31, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1942–43, 1955–56, 1982–83, 1983–84
Valencia
6
6
1941–42, 1943–44, 1946–47, 1970–71, 2001–02, 2003–04
Real Sociedad
2
3
1980–81, 1981–82
Deportivo La Coruña
1
5
1999–00
Sevilla
1
4
1945–46
Real Betis
1
0
1934–35
Performance comparison[edit]
Teams
99–00
00–01
01–02
02–03
03–04
04–05
05–06
06–07
07–08
08–09
09–10
10–11
11–12
12–13
13–14
14–15
15–16
16–17
17–18
RMA 5 1 3 1 4 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 3
BAR 2 4 4 6 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 1
ATH 11 12 9 7 5 9 12 17 11 13 8 6 10 12 4 7 5 7 16
ATM 19 - - 12 7 11 10 7 4 4 9 7 5 3 1 3 3 3 2
VAL 3 5 1 5 1 7 3 4 10 6 3 3 3 5 8 4 12 12 4
ESP 14 9 14 17 16 5 15 11 12 10 11 8 14 13 14 10 13 8 11
SEV 20 - 8 10 6 6 5 3 5 3 4 5 9 9 5 5 7 4 7
RSO 13 13 13 2 15 14 16 19 - - - 15 12 4 7 12 9 6 12
ZAR 4 17 20 - 12 12 11 6 18 - 14 13 16 20 - - - - -
BET 18 - 6 8 9 4 14 16 13 18 - - 13 7 20 - 10 15 6
DEP 1 2 2 3 3 8 8 13 9 7 10 18 - 19 - 16 15 16 18
League champions
Champions League
Europa League
Relegation
All-time La Liga table[edit]
The All-time La Liga table[28] is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in La Liga since its inception in 1929. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2017–18 season.[29] Teams in bold are part of the 2018–19 La Liga.
Pos
Team
S
Pts
GP
W
D
L
GF
GA
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
T
Debut
Since/
Last App
Best
1 Real Madrid 86 4461 2800 1669 562 569 6041 3184 33 23 9 8 3 4 80 1929 1929 1
2 Barcelona 86 4355 2800 1609 582 609 5999 3143 25 25 12 12 4 6 84 1929 1929 1
3 Atlético Madrid 81 3521 2652 1264 608 780 4592 3331 10 10 16 9 7 6 57 1929 2002–03 1
4 Valencia 83 3459 2702 1209 623 870 4463 3507 6 6 10 12 10 7 51 1931–32 1987–88 1
5 Athletic Bilbao 86 3411 2800 1219 646 935 4672 3749 8 7 10 5 8 10 49 1929 1929 1
6 Sevilla 74 2877 2446 1007 538 901 3729 3431 1 4 4 5 12 6 32 1934–35 2001–02 1
7 Espanyol 83 2841 2664 960 621 1083 3645 3926 – – 4 5 2 5 16 1929 1994–95 3
8 Real Sociedad 71 2622 2340 878 584 878 3294 3289 2 3 2 5 4 3 19 1929 2010–11 1
9 Zaragoza 58 2109 1986 698 522 766 2683 2847 – 1 4 5 4 4 18 1939–40 2012–13 2
10 Real Betis 52 1945 1766 624 446 696 2222 2552 1 – 2 3 4 5 15 1932–33 2015–16 1
11 Deportivo La Coruña 46 1843 1568 569 403 596 2090 2269 1 5 4 1 – 1 12 1941–42 2017–18 1
12 Celta Vigo 52 1838 1736 599 399 738 2337 2685 – – – 2 4 5 11 1939–40 2012–13 4
13 Valladolid 42 1471 1466 463 384 619 1767 2180 – – – 1 1 1 3 1948–49 2013–14 4
14 Racing Santander 44 1416 1428 453 336 639 1843 2368 – 1 1 2 – 1 5 1929 2011–12 2
15 Sporting Gijón 43 1389 1458 471 358 629 1753 2152 – 1 1 2 2 1 7 1944–45 2016–17 2
16 Osasuna 37 1351 1318 426 327 565 1497 1833 – – – 2 2 2 6 1935–36 2016–17 4
17 Málaga 37 1334 1293 395 335 563 1445 1824 – – – 1 – 1 2 1949–50 2017–18 4
18 Oviedo 38 1174 1192 408 292 492 1642 1951 – – 3 2 2 4 11 1933–34 2000–01 3
19 Mallorca 27 1148 988 333 256 399 1182 1371 – – 2 – 2 1 5 1960–61 2012–13 3
20 Las Palmas 34 1042 1134 372 249 513 1371 1820 – 1 1 1 1 1 5 1951–52 2017–18 2
21 Villarreal 18 1031 684 284 179 221 949 839 – 1 1 2 4 2 10 1998–99 2013–14 2
22 Granada 23 667 742 218 175 349 819 1158 – – – – – 2 2 1941–42 2016–17 6
23 Rayo Vallecano 17 662 652 189 148 305 760 1088 – – – – – – – 1977–78 2015–16 8
24 Getafe 13 608 494 162 122 210 562 662 – – – – – 1 1 2004–05 2017–18 6
25 Elche 21 606 678 203 180 295 750 1022 – – – – 1 1 2 1959–60 2014–15 5
26 Hércules 20 538 628 184 149 295 716 1050 – – – – 1 4 5 1935–36 2010–11 5
27 Tenerife 13 510 494 155 128 211 619 744 – – – – 2 – 2 1961–62 2009–10 5
28 Alavés 13 468 418 140 83 195 498 673 – – – – – 1 1 1930–31 2016–17 6
29 Levante 12 462 440 124 108 208 474 690 – – – – – 1 1 1963–64 2017–18 6
30 Murcia 18 445 586 145 143 298 607 992 – – – – – – – 1940–41 2007–08 11
31 Salamanca 12 375 423 123 102 198 422 581 – – – – – – – 1974–75 1998–99 7
32 Sabadell 14 353 426 129 95 202 492 720 – – – 1 1 – 2 1943–44 1987–88 4
33 Cádiz 12 343 448 104 127 217 393 662 – – – – – – – 1977–78 2005–06 12
34 Logroñés 9 293 346 96 92 158 291 489 – – – – – – – 1987–88 1996–97 7
35 Castellón 11 285 334 103 79 152 419 588 – – – 1 2 – 3 1941–42 1990–91 4
36 Albacete 7 277 270 76 76 118 320 410 – – – – – – – 1991–92 2004–05 7
37 Almería 6 242 228 62 56 110 244 366 – – – – – – – 2007–08 2014–15 8
38 Córdoba 9 230 282 82 63 137 285 430 – – – – 1 – 1 1962–63 2014–15 5
39 Compostela 4 190 160 52 45 63 199 241 – – – – – – – 1994–95 1997–98 10
40 Recreativo 5 188 186 50 46 90 202 296 – – – – – – – 1978–79 2008–09 8
41 Eibar 4 183 152 49 36 67 183 217 – – – – – – – 2014–15 2014–15 9 [30]
42 Burgos CF 6 168 204 59 50 95 216 310 – – – – – – – 1971–72 1979–80 12
43 Pontevedra 6 150 180 53 44 83 165 221 – – – – – – – 1963–64 1969–70 7
44 Numancia 4 148 152 37 37 78 155 253 – – – – – – – 1999–00 2008–09 17
45 Arenas 7 107 130 43 21 66 227 308 – – 1 – 3 – 4 1929 1934–35 3
46 Real Burgos 3 96 114 26 44 44 101 139 – – – – – – – 1990–91 1992–93 9
47 Gimnàstic 4 91 116 34 16 66 181 295 – – – – – – – 1947–48 2006–07 7
48 Extremadura 2 83 80 20 23 37 62 117 – – – – – – – 1996–97 1998–99 17
49 Mérida 2 81 80 19 24 37 70 115 – – – – – – – 1995–96 1997–98 19
50 Leganés 2 78 76 20 18 38 70 106 – – – – – – – 2016–17 2016–17 17
51 Alcoyano 4 76 108 30 16 62 145 252 – – – – – – – 1945–46 1950–51 10
52 Jaén 3 71 90 29 13 48 121 183 – – – – – – – 1953–54 1957–58 14
53 Real Unión 4 56 72 21 14 37 153 184 – – – – – 1 1 1929 1931–32 6
54 AD Almería 2 52 68 17 18 33 71 116 – – – – – – – 1979–80 1980–81 10
55 Girona 1 51 38 14 9 15 50 59 – – – – – – – 2017–18 2017–18 9
56 Europa 3 42 54 18 6 30 97 131 – – – – – – – 1929 1930–31 8
57 Lleida 2 40 68 13 14 41 70 182 – – – – – – – 1950–51 1993–94 16
58 Xerez 1 34 38 8 10 20 38 66 – – – – – – – 2009–10 2009–10 20
59 Condal 1 22 30 7 8 15 37 57 – – – – – – – 1956–57 1956–57 16
60 Atlético Tetuán 1 19 30 7 5 18 51 85 – – – – – – – 1951–52 1951–52 16
61 Cultural Leonesa 1 14 30 5 4 21 34 65 – – – – – – – 1955–56 1955–56 15
62 Huesca – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 2018–19 2018–19 –
Note: Despite finishing the season in the 13th position in the 2014-15 La Liga, on 5 June, Elche was relegated to Segunda División due to its financial struggles, Newcomers Eibar, who finished the season in the 18th position, took Elche's place in 2015–16 La Liga.
League or status at 2017–18:
2017–18 La Liga
2017–18 Segunda División
2017–18 Segunda División B
2017–18 Tercera División
2017–18 Divisiones Regionales
To be determined
Clubs that no longer exist
Players[edit]
Eligibility of non-EU players[edit]
In La Liga, players can claim citizenship from the nation their ancestors came from. If a player does not have European ancestry, he can claim Spanish citizenship after playing in Spain for five years. Sometimes, this can lead to a triple-citizenship situation; for example, Leo Franco, who was born in Argentina, is of Italian heritage yet can claim a Spanish passport, having played in La Liga for over five years.
In addition, players from the ACP countries — countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific that are signatories to the Cotonou Agreement — are not counted against non-EU quotas due to the Kolpak ruling.
Individual awards[edit]
Until the season 2008–09, no official awards for individuals in La Liga existed. Following[clarification needed] the 2008–09 season, the Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP) governing body sanctioned LFP Awards to player individuals. Additional awards relating to La Liga are distributed, some are sanctioned by the LFP or the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) and therefore not regarded as official.[clarification needed]
The most notable of these are four awarded by Spain's biggest sports paper, Marca, namely the Pichichi Trophy, awarded to the top scorer of the season; the Ricardo Zamora Trophy for the goalkeeper with the least "goals-to-games" ratio; the Trofeo Alfredo di Stéfano, for the player judged to be the best overall player in the division; and the Zarra Trophy, awarded to the Spanish domestic player with the highest goal total in La Liga.
Since the 2013–14 season, La Liga also awards the monthly Manager of the Month and Player of the Month awards.
Transfers[edit]
The first La Liga player to be involved in a transfer which broke the world record was Luis Suárez in 1961, who moved from Barcelona to Internazionale for £152,000. Twelve years later, Johan Cruyff was the first player to join a La Liga club for a record fee, £922,000 from Ajax to Barcelona. In 1982, Barcelona again set the record by signing Diego Maradona from Boca Juniors for £5 million.[31] Real Betis set the world record in 1998 when they signed Denílson from São Paulo for £21.5 million.[32]
Four of the last six world transfer records (in euro) have been set by Real Madrid, signing Luís Figo,[33] Zinedine Zidane,[34] Cristiano Ronaldo[35] (plus a deal for Kaká days before Ronaldo[36] which fell just below a world record due to the way the fee was calculated)[37] and finally Gareth Bale, who was bought for £85.3 million (€103.4 million / $140 million) from Tottenham Hotspur in 2013.[38]
The Brazilian forward Neymar was the subject of an expensive and complicated transfer arrangement when he joined Barcelona from Santos in 2013,[39][40] and his outgoing transfer to Paris Saint-Germain in 2017 set a new world record fee at €222m (via his 'buyout clause').[41] Barcelona soon invested a large chunk of this money in a replacement, Ousmane Dembélé, whose deal – €105m – was the second most expensive ever before Philippe Coutinho's transfer to Barcelona for €142m.[42] [43]
Player records[edit]
Top scorers[edit]
As of matches played 29 April 2018
Rank
Nat
Name
Club
Years
Goals
Apps
Ratio
1 Lionel Messi Barcelona 2004– 383 418 0.92
2 Cristiano Ronaldo Real Madrid 2009–2018 311 292 1.07
3 Telmo Zarra Athletic Bilbao 1940–1955 251 278 0.9
4 Hugo Sánchez Atlético Madrid, Real Madrid & Rayo Vallecano 1981–1994 234 347 0.67
5 Raúl Real Madrid 1994–2010 228 550 0.41
6 Alfredo Di Stéfano Real Madrid & Espanyol 1953–1966 227 329 0.69
7 César Rodríguez Granada, Barcelona, Cultural Leonesa & Elche 1939–1955 223 353 0.63
8 Quini Sporting Gijón & Barcelona 1970–1987 219 448 0.49
9 Pahiño Celta, Real Madrid & Deportivo 1943–1956 210 278 0.76
10 Edmundo Suárez Valencia & Alcoyano 1939–1950 195 231 0.84
Most appearances[edit]
See also: List of La Liga players
As of 16 May 2016
Rank
Nat
Name
Years
Apps
Goals
1 Andoni Zubizarreta 1981–1998 622 0
2 Raúl 1994–2010 550 228
3 Eusebio Sacristán 1983–2002 543 36
4 Francisco Buyo 1980–1997 542 0
5 Manuel Sanchís 1983–2001 523 32
6 Iker Casillas 1999–2015 510 0
7 Xavi 1998–2015 505 58
8 Miquel Soler 1983–2003 504 12
9 Fernando Hierro 1987–2003 497 104
10 José Mari Bakero 1980–1997 483 139
Sponsors[edit]
Banco Santander
Nike, Inc
El Corte Inglés
TAG Heuer
EA Sports
Samsung
Sportium
STIHL
Mazda
Mahou
Allianz
Groupe Danone
Marqués del Atrio
Kalise Menorquina
Solán de Cabras
See also[edit]
Association football portal
Spain portal
Football records in Spain
List of football clubs in Spain
List of foreign La Liga players
List of La Liga broadcasters
List of La Liga stadiums
List of attendance figures at domestic professional sports leagues
Sports broadcasting contracts in Spain
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Spanish: [pɾiˈmeɾa ðiβiˈsjon]; "First Division"
Jump up ^ /læ ˈliːɡə/, Spanish: [la ˈliɣa]; "The League"
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "LaLiga and Santander strike title sponsorship deal". LaLiga. 21 July 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
Jump up ^ "Attendances in India, China and the USA catching up with the major European leagues". World Soccer. Retrieved 2016-05-25.
Jump up ^ . worldfootball.net » Attendance » overall http://www.worldfootball.net/attendance/ » Attendance » overall Check |url= value (help). Retrieved 2016-05-25. Missing or empty |title= (help)
Jump up ^ "European football statistics". 2008.
Jump up ^ "Reglamento General de la RFEF 2010 (Artículo 201.2) (page 138)" (PDF) (in Spanish). RFEF. 7 June 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 May 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Criterios de puntuación del juego limpio" (in Spanish). RFEF. 30 October 1998. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
Jump up ^ "Instalaciones" (in Spanish). Deportivo Alavés. Retrieved 29 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Athletic Club - San Mamés (2013)". Athletic Club. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Wanda Metropolitano". StadiumDB. Retrieved 20 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Camp Nou - FC Barcelona". FC Barcelona. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Celta de Vigo - CLUB". Real Club Celta de Vigo. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Capacity of Ipurua stands at 7,083". SD Eibar. 3 February 2017.
Jump up ^ "RCDE Stadium - Ficha Técnica". RCD Espanyol. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Datos Generales". Getafe CF. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "Campanya abonats 17/18" (in Catalan). Girona FC. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
Jump up ^ "El Alcoraz" (in Spanish). SD Huesca. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
Jump up ^ "Instalaciones - Leganés - web oficial" (in Spanish). CD Leganés. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Superdeporte. "El Ciutat de Valencia estrena lavado de cara para Europa - Superdeporte". www.superdeporte.es. Retrieved 2017-06-30.
Jump up ^ "New features for Benito Villamarín Stadium". www.realbetisbalompie.es. Archived from the original on 4 August 2017. Retrieved 29 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Santiago Bernabéu Stadium". Real Madrid C.F. Retrieved 7 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "El estadio - Real Sociedad de Fútbol". Real Sociedad. Retrieved 25 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Sevilla Fútbol Club - La entidad". Sevilla FC. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
Jump up ^ "Camp de Mestalla" (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 June 2017.
Jump up ^ "Estadio José Zorrilla" (in Spanish). Real Valladolid. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
Jump up ^ "2011/12 UEFA Champions League statistics handbook - Clubs continued" (PDF). UEFA.
Jump up ^ "UEFA ranking of European leagues". Bert Kassies. November 2017.
Jump up ^ "UEFA club competitions press kit (.PDF archive, page 23)" (PDF). UEFA Official Website. Retrieved 25 August 2006.
Jump up ^ "Clasificación Histórica Liga BBVA". LFP. 21 June 2016. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
Jump up ^ All Time Table of Spanish team in La Liga Rsssf.com
Jump up ^ "Official statement". LFP.es. 5 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gareth Bale: The history of the world transfer record". BBC Sport. 1 September 2013. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
Jump up ^ "World Cup winner Denilson on trial at Bolton Wanderers". Daily Mail. 6 January 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
Jump up ^ Nash, Elizabeth (25 July 2000). "Figo defects to Real Madrid for record £36.2m". The Independent. London. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Zidane al Real". Juventus F.C. (in Italian). 9 July 2001. Archived from the original on 6 August 2001. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Ogden, Mark (11 June 2009). "Cristiano Ronaldo transfer: Real Madrid agree £80 million fee with Manchester United". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Jeremy (7 June 2009). "Real Madrid to confirm world record £56m signing of Kaka". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Kaka completes Real Madrid switch". BBC. 9 June 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Gareth Bale contract leak sparks panic at Real Madrid - and agent's fury" (21 January 2016). The Telegraph. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barcelona: Neymar deal has damaged brand of La Liga club". BBC Sport. 10 March 2014. Archived from the original on 22 January 2016. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barcelona reveal details of deal to sign Brazil star Neymar". Sky Sports. 24 January 2014. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Neymar: Paris St-Germain sign Barcelona forward for world record 222m euros". BBC. The British Broadcasting Corporation. 3 August 2017. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
Jump up ^ "Barcelona signs Ousmane Dembele, its Neymar replacement in more ways than one". 25 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
Jump up ^ https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2018/01/08/watch-live-philippe-coutinho-unveiled-barcelona-142million-transfer/
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Next of kin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the term. For other uses, see Next of Kin.
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
A person's next of kin (NOK) is that person's closest living blood relative or relatives. Some countries, such as the United States, have a legal definition of "next of kin". In other countries, such as the United Kingdom, "next of kin" may have no legal definition and may not necessarily refer to blood relatives at all.
In some legal systems, rights regarding inheritance (which imply a decision-making capacity — for example, in a medical emergency — where no clear will or instructions have been given, and where the person has no spouse) flow to the closest relative (regardless of the age, with a representative appointed if a minor), usually a child, a parent or a sibling. However, there are people without any close adult relatives and, in such a case, decision-making power often flows to a niece or nephew, first cousin, aunt or uncle, or grandparent.
For example, if a person dies intestate, the laws of some jurisdictions require distribution of the estate to the deceased's spouse or children. However, if there are none of these, the estate can often be distributed to the next closest group of living relatives, whether they be parents, grandparents, first cousins, aunts and uncles, or second cousins in extreme cases. If a person dies intestate with no identifiable next of kin, the person's estate generally escheats (i.e., legally reverts) to the government.
In cases of medical emergency, where a person is incapable (either legally because of age or mental infirmity, or because they are unconscious) of making decisions for themselves and they have no spouse or children, the next of kin may participate in medical decisions made by medical personnel, subject to the specific laws of the jurisdiction.
The inability of persons who are not in a legal marriage to make decisions with respect to the care of a live-in partner has resulted in many jurisdictions giving live-in partners rights equivalent to a spouse in such situations, even though most jurisdictions still do not require non-spouses to be made beneficiaries of estates (it is improper in most jurisdictions to disinherit a spouse). The inability of same-sex partners to have rights with respect to a partner's medical care or funeral arrangements over and above those of the next-of-kin is one of the main reasons behind litigation to require same-sex marriage or its equivalent.
For the purposes of next of kin, adopted children are treated as blood relatives. However, relatives by marriage are never considered next of kin.
Contents
1 Order of precedence in the United States
2 United Kingdom
3 Ireland
4 References
5 External links
Order of precedence in the United States[edit]
"American statutes typically provide that, in absence of issue and subject to the share of a surviving spouse, intestate property passes to the parents or to the surviving parent of the decedent".[1] Under the civil law system of computation and its various modified forms that are widely adopted by statute in the United States, "a claimant's degree of kinship is the total of (1) the number of the steps, counting one from each generation, from the decedent up to the nearest common ancestor of the decedent and the claimant, and (2) the number of steps from the common ancestor down to the claimant."[1] "The claimant having the lowest degree count (i.e., the nearest or next of kin) is entitled to the property."[1] "If there are two or more claimants who stand in equal degree of kinship to the decedent, they share per capita."[1]
Thus, the following conditions determine the usual order of precedence:
In the absence of issue (i.e., children, grandchildren, and on down the line) and in absence of your parents and their issue and grandparents and of their issue (termed "inner circle" and are usually specifically mentioned in a statute), relatives who are closer in "degree" to the person in question always take precedence. For the purposes of this point, "To determine any person's degree of relation to the decedent, begin with the decedent and follow the line that connects the decedent with the other person. Each person that must be passed through before reaching the final person adds one degree to the total, including the final person."[2]
"Of multiple relations with the same degree, those connecting through a nearer ancestor are more closely related to the decedent."[2]
Under these rules, an order of precedence is established. Here are the first few in the order (specifically, those up to degree 6):
Spouse
Children (in no particular order)
Parents
Siblings
Grandchildren
Grandparents
Nieces/Nephews
Aunts/Uncles
Great Grandchildren
Great Grandparents
Great Nieces/Great Nephews
First Cousins
Great Aunts/Great Uncles
Great-Great Grandchildren
Great-Great Grandparents
Great-Great Nieces/Great-Great Nephews
First Cousins Once Removed (the children of First Cousins and descendants of Grandparents)
First Cousins Once Removed (the descendants of Great-Grandparents)
Great-Great Aunts/Great-Great Uncles
Great-Great-Great Grandchildren
Great-Great-Great Grandparents
Great-Great-Great Nieces/Great-Great-Great Nephews
First Cousins Twice Removed (the descendants of Grandparents)
Second Cousins
First Cousins Twice Removed (the descendant of Great-Great Grandparents)
Great-Great-Great Aunts/Great-Great-Great Uncles
Great-Great-Great-Great Grandchildren
Great-Great-Great-Great Grandparents
United Kingdom[edit]
The term has no legal definition in the United Kingdom. An individual can nominate any other individual as their next-of-kin. There is no requirement for the nominated person to be a blood relative or spouse, although it is normally the case. Someone who has no close family (or who has little or no contact with their surviving family members) may decide to list someone outside their family as their next of kin, for instance a friend or a neighbour.
The nominated person must agree to the nomination, otherwise it is invalid. The status of next-of-kin confers no legal rights and has no special responsibilities, except as referred to below in the specific context of the Mental Health Act.
The status of next-of-kin does not in any way imply that they stand to inherit any of the individual's estate in the event of their death. The intestacy rules[3] stipulate who inherits automatically (in the absence of a will); an individual can make a will and nominate other persons. If a minor inherits (children inherit from parents even in the absence of a will),[3][4] then, until the child is 18 years of age, there is a "trust" imposed, which means that the executors or trustees of the will remain responsible for the assets until the child is 18.[5] The term "next of kin" should not be confused with parental responsibility.[6]
In the context of health care, patients are often asked to nominate a next-of-kin when registering with their general practitioner, or alternatively on admission to hospital. Hospitals will then notify the next-of-kin that the patient has been admitted or if there is any change in their condition. If the patient is unconscious or otherwise unable to state their next-of-kin, hospitals will usually list their nearest blood relative, though there are no specific rules. Doctors attempt to seek the views of the next-of-kin when considering decision making for unconscious patients or those who lack capacity. The next-of-kin has no power to make any decisions regarding medical care, only to advise, and can neither override the previously stated wishes of the patient nor prevent the medical team acting in what they consider to be the best interests of the patient.
Traditionally, unmarried partners (especially same sex ones) were often excluded by certain institutions, but this has changed in recent years due to the increase in cohabitation in the UK, and in diverse families, such as those formed by unmarried partners with children (47.6% of children were born outside marriage in 2012).[7] As a result of these social changes, the policy in most NHS trusts is to ask a person on their admission to hospital to nominate their next of kin formally.[8]
Powers similar to next-of-kin as defined in other jurisdictions can be explicitly delegated to another person using lasting power of attorney,[9] under the provisions of the Mental Capacity Act 2005[10] (note that this Act does not relate specifically to mental health and is largely unrelated to the Mental Health Act).
The Mental Health Act 1983, Section 26[11] replaced the traditional term next-of-kin with "nearest relative".
Ireland[edit]
In Ireland, the term "next of kin" does have a meaning with regard to inheritance law. If a person dies intestate, that is without leaving a will, then the rules of the Succession Act 1965 apply. Part VI of the Act — Distribution on Intestacy (sections 66–75) — explains the rules of intestacy; this was amended by Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010.[12] With regard to medical law, "next of kin" is a very vague concept which has no legally defined meaning. If a patient is incapable of making a decision (for instance due to unconsciousness), the present medical ethics in Ireland is to consult with the next of kin (in order: spouse, children, parents, siblings). However, the next of kin have no general right to make decisions on behalf of adult patients.[13]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Problems and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts. Scoles, Halbach, Roberts, Begleiter. Seventh Ed. Aspen Publishers. 2006. ISBN 0-7355-4076-4.
^ Jump up to: a b "Degrees of Kinship Chart by Civil Law - heirbase". heirbase.com.
^ Jump up to: a b "Intestacy - who inherits if someone dies without a will?". www.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ "Understanding Next of kin order". theidioms.com. Retrieved 2018-07-20.
Jump up ^ "BBC NEWS - Business - Sorting out your child's inheritance". bbc.co.uk.
Jump up ^ "Parental rights and responsibilities". www.gov.uk.
Jump up ^ "Eurostat - Tables, Graphs and Maps Interface (TGM) table". europa.eu.
Jump up ^ "Next of Kin - LivingTogether - Advicenow". advicenow.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2015-06-11.
Jump up ^ Making decisions for someone else, Office of the Public Guardian
Jump up ^ Mental Capacity Act 2005
Jump up ^ "Mental Health Act 1983" (PDF). cqc.org.uk.
Jump up ^ "Civil Partnership and Certain Rights and Obligations of Cohabitants Act 2010". irishstatutebook.ie. Archived from the original on 2015-05-23.
Jump up ^ "Advance Care Directives". citizensinformation.ie.
External links[edit]
American National Next of Kin Registry
1983 Mental Health Act with amendments
2007 Amendments to the 1983 Mental Health Act
UK Office of the Public Guardian
Authority control
GND: 4142414-1
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Next_of_kin&oldid=851115091"
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