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Disaster draft
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A disaster draft or contingency draft is a disaster recovery plan developed by professional sports leagues to rebuild a team's roster if many players are disabled or killed.
Contents
1 Background
2 Special procedures
2.1 Major League Baseball
2.2 National Basketball Association
2.3 National Football League
2.4 National Hockey League
2.5 Major League Soccer
2.6 Kontinental Hockey League
3 References
Background[edit]
Further information: List of accidents involving sports teams
Since the advent of modern mass transportation, there have been accidents that killed all or nearly all members of various sports teams. The 1949 Torino Football Club had only one survivor following a plane crash. Two teams in the Canadian Football League lost players, returning from an all-star game, in the 1956 crash of Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 810.
Other air incidents since then have involved the 1958 Manchester United football team, 1960 Cal Poly football team, 1960 Minneapolis Lakers basketball team (no fatalities), 1961 United States figure skating team, 1970 Wichita State University football team, 1970 Marshall University football team, 1977 University of Evansville basketball team, 1980 United States boxing team, 1993 Zambia national football team, 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl ice hockey team, and the 2016 Associação Chapecoense de Futebol team (Brasil).
As a result of these accidents, some professional sports leagues have developed disaster recovery plans should such an incident befall one or more of their teams.
Special procedures[edit]
An affected team is expected to replace players using the minor leagues and by signing free agents.[1] Each league, however, has established procedures to decide whether an accident is of sufficient scale to activate contingency plans to help rebuild an affected team's roster, typically involving a special draft.
Major League Baseball[edit]
Major League Baseball's disaster plan is covered in Rule 29 of its official rules.[2] The plan is triggered by an event causing the death, dismemberment, or permanent disability of at least five players from a team's active, disabled, or suspended roster during a season (including the playoffs), or at least six players during the off-season. Major League Baseball's commissioner will decide if the disabled club can continue play, in consultation with the MLB Players' Association and the club.
If the commissioner decides that the disabled club will continue to play, the commissioner may hold a Restocking Draft to allow the disabled club to select as many players as it lost, with the restriction that no more than one player can be selected from each team. Each of the non-disabled teams makes five players available for the draft taken from its active list (or if during the off-season, from its reserve list), composed of one pitcher, one catcher, one outfielder, one infielder, and one more player of any position, subject to adjustments by the commissioner based on the players lost by the disabled club. If a team has fewer than three eligible catchers, it does not have to provide a catcher to the draft. The non-disabled teams also are required to make available as many players with 60 or more days of Major League service time as of 31 August of the season preceding such draft as the number of such players lost by the disabled team.[3] Any player with no-trade rights with regards to the disabled team may not be made available unless the player waives the right.
If the commissioner decides that the disabled club cannot continue play, the commissioner will cancel the disabled club's season.
The commissioner and Players' Association can also agree upon other appropriate relief for a disabled club.
Major League Baseball's first expansion drafts of the early 1960s were based largely on the procedures first set out for the disaster draft.[citation needed]
National Basketball Association[edit]
The National Basketball Association (NBA) contingency plan activates if five or more players on a team "die or are dismembered".[1][4] A special "disaster draft" would be held in which other NBA teams could only protect five players,[4][5] so that quality sixth men would be available. No more than one player would be drafted from a team.[1]
National Football League[edit]
The National Football League (NFL)'s contingency plan provides for both a "near-disaster" and a "disaster".[1][4] A "near-disaster" is defined as fewer than 15 players on a team being disabled, and a "disaster" is 15 or more.[4][5]
No special draft would be held for a "near-disaster"; the team would instead get preferential rights on any waivers until the end of the season.[6][5] If a quarterback is among the fewer than 15 lost, the team would be able to draft up to two[1] quarterbacks from all NFL teams with three available. Each team would be able to protect two, and the drafted quarterbacks would return to their original teams in the following season.[6]
For a "disaster", the commissioner would determine whether to cancel the team's schedule for the season.[6] If the team's season is canceled, the team would have the first pick in the next regular draft;[4][6][5] a special draft would also be held in which each team would be able to protect 32 players. If not canceled, the "near-disaster" procedures would be used.[1][4][5]
National Hockey League[edit]
The National Hockey League (NHL) contingency plan activates if five or more players[4][5] on a team "are killed or disabled".[1] The team would select players from other NHL teams, paying with funds from a special insurance fund. Once its roster has one goaltender and 14 other players, a special draft involving the teams unaffected by the earlier selection could be held, with each team able to protect one goaltender and 10 other players.[4][5]
Major League Soccer[edit]
Within its roster regulations, Major League Soccer has what it refers to as an "extreme hardship" provision, which can be used if "a team has less than 15 available players". However, this is a mechanism intended to be used on a "game-by-game basis", and any contingency plans that may exist for a disaster draft scenario are not public.[7]
Kontinental Hockey League[edit]
The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) contingency plan was implemented after the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash that killed the team's entire traveling roster. In the policy, each team makes three players eligible for the disaster draft, with the team that suffered the disaster being able to call up five players from its farm teams. There is no mention of a goaltender minimum for the draft, unlike the NFL disaster draft on quarterbacks or NHL disaster draft on goaltenders, or a mention of a team being able to surrender only one player, unlike other leagues, in the draft.[8] The afflicted team will have a spot in the draft lottery, thus guaranteeing that the team will pick at least as high as 4th overall in the next KHL Junior Draft and it will also be able to protect any player it wants for the next five entry drafts.
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Eskenazi, Gerald. "The Plans No One Wants to Use." The New York Times, 22 May 1992.
Jump up ^ Major League Baseball (2008). "Major League Rules (2008)" (PDF). The Biz of Baseball. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2011. Retrieved 9 September 2011.
Jump up ^ Major League Rules 29(b)(3)(A)(iii) Service. Subject to paragraph (b)(3)(A)(i) above, each Club that is not a Disabled Club shall include in its list of available players for a Restocking Draft at least as many players who have accrued no less than 60 days of Major League service time as of 31 August of the season preceding such Restocking Draft as the Disabled Club lost.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Drehs, Wayne. "'God forbid it should ever be needed'." ESPN.com, 10 April 2001.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Mizell, Hubert (23 September 2001). "Several pro teams have airline disaster plans in place". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved 2010-09-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c d O'Keeffee, Michael. "JUST PLANE SCARY Oklahoma State crash causes high anxiety Archived 6 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine.." New York Daily News, 4 February 2001.
Jump up ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2012. CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)
Jump up ^ National Post, "KHL delays games, but season will go on for Lokomotiv" Archived 5 June 2012 at Archive.is, Peter Leonard, 8 September 2011
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Jed York
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Jed York
York at the 2015 Web Summit
Born
John Edward York
1980 (age 36–37)
Youngstown, Ohio, United States
Alma mater
University of Notre Dame
Occupation
Sports executive
Parent(s)
Denise DeBartolo York, John York
John Edward "Jed" York (born c. 1980) is an American sports executive who is the current CEO of the San Francisco 49ers NFL franchise. York is the son of Denise DeBartolo York and John York and nephew of former San Francisco 49ers owner Edward J. DeBartolo Jr.[1]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Career
3 References
4 External links
Early life[edit]
Born and raised in Youngstown, Ohio,[1] York attended St. Charles Elementary School and Cardinal Mooney High School.[2] While in high school he was a baseball team captain and the senior class president.[2] He graduated from the University of Notre Dame with a BA in Finance and History.[1]
Career[edit]
York began his working days as a financial analyst for Guggenheim Partners at their New York City offices but left after approximately one year.[1] After he quit his first job, York's parents brought him into their family owned team, the San Francisco 49ers, as the Director of Strategic Planning[1] and later promoted him to Vice President of Strategic Planning.[3]
On December 28, 2008, Jed was appointed by his father to become president of the 49ers. While Jed is the operating head of the franchise, his mother Denise is the principal owner, and both of his parents, as co-chairmen, are responsible for providing resources and maintaining their role of interacting with other owners and NFL executives.[4]
On October 11, 2010, with the 49ers off to an 0-5 start, Jed York wrote to ESPN's Adam Schefter that the 49ers would win their division and make the playoffs.[5] This proclamation led ESPN columnist David Fleming to refer to York as "kooky" and "goofy" and to note that York "backs up such bold declarations with a long list of qualifications starting with (1) his lifelong love of the 49ers, (2) his prestigious high school baseball career and (3) the fact that his godfather is Eddie DeBartolo."[6] However, the 49ers did come within one game of backing up York's assertion. In 2011, the Niners finished the season 13-3 with the 2nd seed in the National Football Conference. In the divisional round, the Niners defeated the New Orleans Saints. The 49ers then hosted the NFC Championship game against the New York Giants, eventually losing, 20-17. The success of the 2011 San Francisco 49ers was with much of the same team from 2010, but largely accomplished with the key addition of first-year head coach Jim Harbaugh.
In 2012, Jed York was replaced by Gideon Yu as Team President, although he retained the title of CEO.[7]
After a 19-3 loss to the Seattle Seahawks on November 27, 2014, York tweeted “Thank you 49ers faithful for coming out strong tonight. This performance wasn’t acceptable. I apologize for that.”[8] This public statement sparked a media frenzy about York's intent behind the Tweet and whether he was specifically referring to Coach Jim Harbaugh's future.
After the decision to fire head coach Jim Harbaugh, there was a large negative outcry from the media and the 49ers fan base. In a press conference addressing the issue, Jed York was quoted as saying, “It’s up to us to make sure we compete for and win Super Bowls. That’s our only goal. We don’t raise division championship banners, we don’t raise NFC Championship banners. We raise Super Bowl banners. And whenever we don’t deliver that, I hope that you will hold me directly responsible and accountable for it. And we look forward to getting this thing back on track.” [9] Commenting on York's ability to manage the critical relationship between the general manager and the head coach, Michael Rosenberg wrote in Sports Illustrated, "he failed completely."[10] Rosenberg also described York's impact on the broader 49ers organization, noting that "York has created a culture that encourages selfishness, weakness and back-stabbing." Throughout the season, there were numerous leaks to the media from within the 49ers organization criticizing Coach Harbaugh. San Jose Mercury News columnist Tim Kawakami noted "York and [General Manager, Trent] Baalke were the primary sources for the off-the-record disclosures that undercut Harbaugh’s tenure."[11] It has been reported that York and Harbaugh had a clash in the personality department. The animosity between the two was exacerbated by an alleged clash between them midway through the 2014 season when York supposedly walked into a meeting Harbaugh was holding with the players. When Harbaugh noticed York walking into the meeting, he allegedly told York that the meeting was for "men only".[12]
Trent Baalke replaced former head coach Jim Harbaugh with Jim Tomsula, but Jed supported the change comparing it to the Golden State Warriors firing Mark Jackson and replacing him with Steve Kerr.[13] San Jose Mercury News columnist Tim Kawakami criticized Jed's Kerr comparison in an article titled "49ers' Jed York clueless in comparing Tomsula to Warriors' Kerr." [14] Tomsula lasted one season, leading the 49ers to a 5-11 record before being fired on Jan. 3, 2016.[15] However, according to Adam Gase, it was Trent Baalke and not Jed York who decided to make Tomsula head coach instead of Gase.[16]
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Jed York". San Francisco 49ers. Archived from the original on January 3, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Killion, Ann. "Young Jed York is growing into his role as face of 49ers". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
Jump up ^ Matt Maiocco. "Jed York Named Team President". Press Democrat. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
Jump up ^ "Jed York Named Team President". San Francisco 49ers. Retrieved 2009-07-04. [dead link]
Jump up ^ Adam Schefter. "Jed York: 49ers Will Win NFC West". ESPN. Retrieved 2010-10-25.
Jump up ^ David Fleming. "49ers' Jed-eye Knight Sees All". ESPN. Retrieved 2010-10-25.
Jump up ^ "49ers extend Baalke's deal". CSN Bay Area. February 10, 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
Jump up ^ "Jed York Tweet". Twitter. November 27, 2014.
Jump up ^ http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/12/29/jed-york-hold-me-responsible-if-49ers-dont-win-super-bowls/
Jump up ^ "49ers owner Jed York deserves blame for team's fissures, Harbaugh's exit". Sports Illustrated. December 29, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Jim Harbaugh’s soulful 49ers exit". San Jose Mercury News. December 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ Goldstein, Eric (June 8, 2015). "Just a fantastic story about how much Jim Harbaugh hated 49ers CEO Jed York". Sportgrid. Sportsgrid. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
Jump up ^ Jared Dubin. "49ers CEO Jed York compares Jim Tomsula hiring to Steve Kerr". CBSSports.com. Retrieved 2015-10-05.
Jump up ^ Kawakami, Tim (July 22, 2015). "49ers' Jed York clueless in comparing Tomsula to Warriors' Kerr". San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved October 13, 2015.
Jump up ^ Yahoo Sports
Jump up ^ "CBS". CBS.
External links[edit]
Executive Profile at San Francisco Business Times
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Camp is an English surname taken from Latin roots. The name is found in Great Britain and in other places throughout the world settled by the English. According to the 2000 census there are fewer than 1300 Camps in the UK.[1] The 2000 US census puts the number at over 27,000, making it the 1087th most common name in America, after McDermott.[2] The Australian government currently reports 465 persons named Camp.[3] The governments of Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa do not currently provide lists of surnames as the UK and others do. Totals outside the English-speaking world are also unknown.
Contents
[hide]
1 Origins
2 Notable people with the Camp surname
3 See also
4 References
Origins[edit]
People with the surname Camp have no single origin or ancestor, the name instead having been chosen by different families over a few centuries.[4] The name is sometimes a variant spelling of "Kemp", which comes from the Old West Germanic "kampo-z", meaning "a contest, or fight", which in turn became the Old English "kemp", for a "fighter" or "soldier."[5][6] However, the name usually denotes a family whose house was on an open field, or "camp", rather than in the woods or elsewhere.[7] The word was borrowed from the Middle French "camp", its first use in English, in 1528, being for a "place where an army lodges temporarily", only later transferring to a non-military use sometime after 1560. The French "camp" (later "champ") is itself derived from the Latin "campus", which also meant an "open field", but also and especially an "open space for military exercise". Coincidentally, the word's martial sense had been borrowed by the Germanic tribes during their conflicts with the Romans to become the aforementioned "kampo-z".[5]

Throughout the English-speaking world, but especially the United States, the name is sometimes derived from other, often longer, European names (e.g. the Italian "Campesi" or the Dutch "Van de Kamp") which were changed during the process of cultural assimilation. Camp can also be a shortening or anglicizing of similar French names, such as "de Camp" and "du Camp".
Notable people with the Camp surname[edit]
Clinton Andrew Camp (1982-), American Illustrator and Caricature Artist
Adrienne Camp (1981-), South African singer-songwriter
Albert Sidney Camp (1892-1954), American politician, educator and lawyer
Anna Camp (1982-), American actress
Billy Joe Camp, American politician
Blake Camp (1983-), American soccer (football) player
Bob Camp (1954–), American cartoonist and writer
Candace Camp (1949-), American novelist
Charles Lewis Camp (1893-1975), American palaeontologist and zoologist
Colleen Camp (1953–), American actress
Dalton Camp (1920–2002), Canadian politician and commentator
Darryl Camp (1960-), Neurologist and creator of US Telehealth
David Lee Camp (1953–), American politician
David M. Camp (1788-1871), American attorney and politician
Donald Camp (1940-), American artist, photographer, and professor
Eldad Cicero Camp (1839-1920), American coal tycoon, attorney and philanthropist
Frank Camp (1905-1986), American football coach
Garrett Camp, American businessman
Greg Camp (1967–), American songwriter, guitarist and vocalist
Hamilton Camp (1934–2005), English-American singer, songwriter and actor
Helen Page Camp (1930-1991), American actress
Howie Camp (1893-1960), American baseball player
Jack Tarpley Camp Jr. (1943-), American former judge
Jeremy Camp (1978–), American Christian musician
Jesse Camp (1979–), American music television presenter
Joe Camp (1939-), American film director
John Lafayette Camp (1828–1891), American politician
John Lafayette Camp, Jr. (1855–1918), American politician
John H. Camp (1840–1892), American politician
John Newbold Camp (1908–1987), American politician
John Roswell Camp, a.k.a. John Sandford (1944-), American journalist and novelist
Kid Camp (1869-1895), American baseball pitcher
L. Jean Camp, American professor
Lee Camp (comedian) (1981–), American comedian
Lee Camp (footballer) (1984–), English football (soccer) player
Lew Camp (1868-1948), American baseball player
Melanie Camp, Australian actress
Rick Camp (1953–2013), American baseball pitcher
Roger Camp (1946-) American photographer and educator
Shawn Camp (1975-), American baseball pitcher
Shawn Camp (musician) (1966-), American Country musician
Steve Camp (1955-), American Christian musician
Tammy Camp, American entrepreneur
Walter Camp (1859–1925), American football coach and sports writer
Walter Mason Camp (1867–1925), American author, railroad expert, and historian
William B. Camp (1913–1975), American bureaucrat
Wofford Benjamin Camp (1894–1986), American agronomist
See also[edit]
English diaspora
United States Census
Census in the United Kingdom
Census in Australia
Census in Canada
South African National Census of 2001
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "soFeminine Surname Search: Camp". Retrieved 2008-03-11.
Jump up ^ Roberts, Sam (2007-11-17). "In U.S. Name Count, Garcias Are Catching Up With Joneses". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-10. .
Jump up ^ "Australian Government: IP Australia-Search for Australian Surnames". Retrieved 2008-12-04.
Jump up ^ Powell, Kimberly. "English Surnames - Meanings & Origins". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
^ Jump up to: a b "Online Etymology Dictionary". Retrieved 2008-03-10.
Jump up ^ "Kemp Surname Origin & Last Name Meaning". Retrieved 2008-03-12.
Jump up ^ "Surname Meanings A-D". Retrieved 2008-03-11.
This page lists people with the surname Camp. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.

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The Summer I Turned Pretty (trilogy)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
The Summer I Turned Pretty
A set of The Summer I Turned Pretty trilogy
The Summer I Turned Pretty (2009)
It's Not Summer Without You (2010)
We'll Always Have Summer (2011)
Author
Jenny Han
Country
United States
Language
English
Genre
Young adult, romance
Publisher
Simon & Schuster
Published
2009–2011
Media type
Print (hardback, paperback)
No. of books
3
The Summer I Turned Pretty is a trilogy of young adult romance novels written by American author Jenny Han, and published by Simon & Schuster. The series includes The Summer I Turned Pretty (2009), It's Not Summer Without You (2010), and We'll Always Have Summer (2011).[1]
The novels follow Isabel "Belly" Conklin in the summers she spends at Cousin's Beach with her mother and older brother, along with her mother's lifelong best friend and her sons. The book series has been a national best seller, with We'll Always Have Summer, the final installment of the series, having been on The New York Times Best Seller list for over a month.
It has been revealed by author Jenny Han that a film script is in the works by "a very talented screenwriter".[2] Sometime after this, it was officially confirmed that Lions Gate Entertainment had secured the rights, with plans to turn the trilogy into a television series.
Contents
[hide]
1 Books in the series
2 Themes
3 Characters
4 References
Books in the series[edit]
The Summer I Turned Pretty (2009)
It's Not Summer Without You (2010)
We'll Always Have Summer (2011)
Themes[edit]
Coming of Age: The Summer I Turned Pretty trilogy shows the transition from childhood into young adulthood into adulthood. In the first book, Belly is more cognizant of what her elders, especially Susannah, want from her. However, as the trilogy progresses, she deals with bigger and more life-altering situations, such as breaking up with Conrad, Susannah's death due to cancer, Jeremiah's betrayal, and ultimately marrying Conrad. The novels illustrate the progression from child to adult through the experiences that both Belly and the Fisher boys encounter as they grow.
Independence: This is more greatly emphasized throughout the trilogy as Belly gets older and learns to make decisions on her own, disregarding the opinions of authority figures in her life. For instance, in It's Not Summer Without You Belly explicitly disregards her mother's wishes and sneaks out of the house in order to try and convince Conrad to go back to school. Conrad goes to college in this book and thus experiences a new sense of independence. The impact on those around him, Belly and Jeremiah, is more heavily focused upon rather than Conrad's inner thoughts. Readers do see the effects that his independent decision-making has on him through the view of Jeremiah and Belly. He squanders his independence and ends up needing the help of Belly's mom in order to save the family's home at Cousin's Beach. It shows that even though someone is acting independently, that person will not succeed without the help of those around them.
Characters[edit]
Isabel "Belly" Conklin: The narrator, and protagonist of the series. She is the daughter of Laurel and the younger sister of Steven. She is known to have had a crush on her friend Conrad since she was young, but her relationship with him falls apart at the end of It's Not Summer Without You after the two become a couple for a short time. She then starts a relationship with his brother, Jeremiah, after he kisses her; making his feelings known to her. In We'll Always Have Summer, which chronicles their two-year relationship, Belly discovers at a frat party that Jeremiah cheated on her with a sorority girl (known as the "sorority slut"). She slaps him across the face (marking the first time she has ever struck someone), and spends days in bed, crying. To prove his regret, Jeremiah proposes to her, which she hesitantly accepts; however, a result of ongoing fights with her mother (who is furious with her for choosing to marry so young), she stays at Cousin's Beach. Because of this arrangement, her old feelings for Conrad, who is staying there as well, begin to slowly resurface. Toward the climax of the novel, Conrad, after discovering his brother's infidelity, confesses his love for her. Although Belly blows up at his confession, saying he was too late and that "they were never anything", her feelings for both brothers are called into question. She and Jeremiah, in the end, call off their engagement and break up for good after realizing they are not meant to be. In the epilogue, Belly has not heard from Conrad for two years, before receiving her handwritten letters from him "each and every month" throughout the rest of her college years. Eventually, she begins to stay in contact with him. Conrad shows up at her college graduation, resulting in them getting back together as a couple. He proposes to Belly a few years later, and the series ends with their marriage.
Conrad "Con", “Connie” Fisher: The eldest son of Susannah and Adam Fisher, and older brother of Jeremiah. He is known to push away his loved ones and to keep all his emotions and feelings inside. In the first book, his character is something of a jerk, having spent the summer at the beach getting drunk or locked in his room. It is suspected, though, that he has developed feelings for Belly; he is shown several times as either overly protective or jealous of boys flirting with her. At the end of the novel, he and Belly become a couple. However, the relationship is short-lived when Conrad once again slips back into his old ways. At the beginning of the second novel, he runs away from college to protect the beach house once he finds out his father intends to sell it. In the end, Laurel shows up and makes a deal with Mr. Fisher that Conrad and Jeremiah can personally keep the house if Conrad returns to college and passes all his exams. The adults leave and Belly and Jeremiah help prepare Conrad for his exams. Things seem to go well, but take an abrupt turn for the worse when Conrad walks in on Belly and Jeremiah kissing. Conrad then tells his brother he can have his chance with Belly, insisting he is over her. In We'll Always Have Summer, which takes place two years later, it is revealed that Conrad lied when saying he was over Belly and has always been in love with her. He hates seeing his brother be with Belly. He spends time throughout the novel fighting his feelings and pretending he does not care for her. However, once he discovers at Jeremiah's bachelor party how he cheated on Belly, Conrad becomes furious and leaves. When Belly later comes across him, Conrad tells her that Jeremiah cheated on her, only to find out that she already knew. Following this, he confesses his long-hidden love for her before begging her not to marry his brother and to be with him, breaking down into tears. Belly turns him down, claiming he is too late, breaking his heart. The next day, Conrad apologizes to Belly because he was "too drunk", but Belly knows he is lying. After Jeremiah finds out about his brother's feelings for Belly, he goes missing on his wedding day. Conrad finds him at their mother's garden. They fight and Jeremiah soon disowns him as his brother, saying that he is "dead" to him. Conrad bids Belly goodbye, and gives her back his infinity necklace, saying it "always" belonged to her and "always will". In the epilogue, Conrad has not contacted Belly for two years before sending her his first handwritten letter, which then come "each and every month" through the rest of her college years. He then shows up at her college graduation, and they get back together. This all leads up to his marriage proposal two years into their relationship. The series ends with Belly marrying Conrad, and the couple starting a new life together.
Jeremiah "Jere" Fisher: At the outset of the series, he is the "golden" boy, the one who appears to be untainted in the eyes of everyone. He is a good friend to Belly and a loving brother to Conrad. He steps aside as Conrad pursues Belly, even when he came to realize his own feelings for her. In It's Not Summer Without You, he grows tired of burying his feelings for Belly and abruptly kisses her while sitting in a car with her; she kisses back, only for Conrad to discover them. Despite being near furious of what he caught the two doing, Conrad gives Jeremiah permission to have his chance with Belly. In We'll Always Have Summer, his character has gone through an ugly transformation from golden boy to frat boy, even cheating on Belly with the "sister sorority slut". He proposes to Belly to prove his remorse, but is shown to have dramatically changed for the worse. He remains jealous of Conrad and Belly's friendship and even uses his engagement to Belly to spite Conrad. However, when he discovers that Conrad confessed his feelings for her, he takes off the night before the wedding and fails to show up on the day. Conrad finds him and confronts him about who loves and deserves Belly more. After reading a letter for "him" from their mom, and discovering it was actually meant for Conrad, Jeremiah disowns Conrad as his brother. In the epilogue, he is seen at Conrad and Belly's wedding with a new girl, leaving the status of the two brothers' relationship unknown.
Susannah "Beck" Fisher: The rock that everyone seems to cling to. Even in death, her calming force is referenced and used by all as they navigate the different situations in their lives. She dies of cancer between books one and two, but is heavily remembered by her family and friends throughout the course of the series. It is revealed that she left letters to "the summer kids" in the final book (although we only get to read the one she gave to Belly). She is shown to be very friendly, loving and compassionate. Her death hits everyone hard and life without her seems near impossible; it takes everyone almost a year to pull themselves together and form a life without her existence.
Mr. Fisher: A man who is known to have his way no matter what it costs or who it hurts. He is Susannah's husband and the father of Conrad and Jeremiah. After Susannah dies, he turns to whiskey. He drives Conrad away after Conrad saw how badly he began treating Susannah, such as cheating on her and running away when she got cancer. He tries to sell the summer house in It's Not Summer Without You following Susannah's death, and is barely stopped in time by Laurel and Conrad. In the final book, he tries to mend his relationship with his sons and pays for Jeremiah and Belly's wedding, despite not agreeing with them getting married at such a young age.
Taylor Jewel: Belly's best friend despite being her polar opposite. Unlike Belly, she is boy crazy and shallow, though by We'll Always Have Summer, she grows up and has something wise to say for once. In the first book of the series, as seen in flashbacks, she is considered something of a slut. She goes for all three boys (Steven, Conrad and Jeremiah) almost at once, determined to hook up with one of them. She is seen desperately trying to pair Belly with boys, even though her friend endlessly protests. She and Belly have a falling out towards the climax of It's Not Summer Without You after Taylor accuses Belly of being "a crappy friend" when Belly does not want her to come to a party at the beach house. By We'll Always Have Summer, they make peace, and Taylor can be seen throughout the course of the book supporting and helping Belly with her wedding. She confronts Conrad after suspecting he said something to Belly to upset her and warns him to leave her alone. Although she admits that Belly told her a part of her will always love Conrad, and knows he loves Belly too. She asks him to "be the good guy Belly says he is" by letting her go.
Laurel Dunne: Belly and Steven's mother as well as Susannah's best friend. She is rigid and desperate to have the relationship with Belly that her daughter had with Susannah. She seems to always make the wrong choices as far as Belly is concerned, but her desire to be close to her daughter is prevalent and admirable. The two women come head to head in We'll Always Have Summer when Belly and Jeremiah announce their engagement. Laurel is furious, saying the couple are far too young for such a commitment, even going as far as refusing to show up for the wedding, which leaves Belly devastated. After seeing her upset one night at Cousin's Beach, Conrad talks to her and manages to convince her to make amends with Belly. It is shown in the final book that the relationship between Conrad and Laurel is very close and even resembles the relationship between Conrad and Susannah. In the epilogue of We'll Always Have Summer, it is implied that she helped Belly pick out her wedding dress for Belly's wedding to Conrad, and helped plan the ceremony.
Steven Conklin: Belly's older brother, a good friend and supportive brother. Though we see little of him, his truthfulness is a springboard for Belly to make difficult but wise decisions. He appears throughout Belly's flashbacks, making fun of her and teasing her endlessly, but despite such teasing, he is shown to have a protective side. He even says to Belly herself in We'll Always Have Summer that while Jeremiah was like a brother to him, Belly was his "little sister and [she] came first", something that surprises her.
Cam Cameron: He only appears in The Summer I Turned Pretty as a summer fling of Belly's. It is said that he had a crush on Belly throughout grade school but never had the courage to approach her. He leaves one final voicemail for Belly, asking if she wanted to stay in contact after the summer, but if not, "it was nice hanging out with her". He is mentioned twice more in the series, as one of Belly's summer memories.
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "DOG-EARED: Jenny Han".
Jump up ^ "An Interview with Jenny Han".
Children's literature portal
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Summer_I_Turned_Pretty_(trilogy)&oldid=842246531"
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This page was last edited on 21 May 2018, at 06:12.
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text:
Ben Vereen
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Ben Vereen
Vereen at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival
Born
Benjamin Augustus Middleton
(1946-10-10) October 10, 1946 (age 71)
Laurinburg, North Carolina[1]
or Miami, Florida[2]
Occupation
Actor, dancer, singer
Years active
1965–present
Spouse(s)
Andrea Townsley (m. 1966, div. 1974)[3]
Nancy Bruner (m. 1976, div. 2012)
Children
5
Ben Vereen (born October 10, 1946) is an American actor, dancer, and singer who has appeared in numerous Broadway theatre shows. Vereen graduated from Manhattan's High School of Performing Arts.
Contents
[hide]
1 Early years
2 Stage
3 Television
4 Filmography
4.1 Television work
5 Awards
6 Personal life
7 References
8 External links
Early years[edit]
Vereen was born Benjamin Augustus Middleton on October 10, 1946, in Miami, Florida. While still an infant, Vereen and his family relocated to the Bedford-Stuyvesant neighborhood in Brooklyn, New York. He was adopted by James Vereen, a paint-factory worker, and his wife, Pauline, who worked as a maid and theatre wardrobe mistress.[4] He discovered he was adopted when he applied for a passport to join Sammy Davis, Jr. on a tour of "Golden Boy" to London when he was 25.[5] He was raised Pentecostal.[6]
During his pre-teen years, he exhibited an innate talent for drama and dance and often performed in local variety shows. At the age of 14, Vereen enrolled at the High School of Performing Arts, where he studied under world-renowned choreographers Martha Graham, George Balanchine, and Jerome Robbins. Upon his graduation, he struggled to find suitable stage work and was often forced to take odd jobs to supplement his income. He was 18 years old when he made his New York stage bow off-off Broadway in The Prodigal Son at the Greenwich Mews Theater. By the following year, he was in Las Vegas, performing in Bob Fosse's production of Sweet Charity, a show with which he toured in 1967–68. He returned to New York City to play Claude in Hair in the Broadway production, before joining the national touring company.
The following year, he was cast opposite Davis in the film adaptation of Sweet Charity. After developing a rapport with Davis, Vereen was cast as his understudy in the upcoming production of Golden Boy, which toured England and ended the run at the Palladium Theatre in London's West End.
Stage[edit]
He was nominated for a Tony Award for Jesus Christ Superstar in 1972 and won a Tony for his appearance in Pippin in 1973. Vereen appeared in the Broadway musical Wicked as the Wizard of Oz in 2005. Vereen has also performed in one-man shows and actively lectures on black history and inspirational topics.
Year
Title
Role
Venue
Type
Notes
1965 The Prodigal Son Dancer Greenwich Mews Theater Off-Broadway Choreography by Martha Graham
1967-68 Sweet Charity Dancer US & Canada Tour Touring Cast by Bob Fosse for the US Touring Company
1968-72 Hair Hud Biltmore Theatre Broadway Alternated roles: Hud & Claude
Tony Award for Best Musical
1968 Hair Claude National Tour Broadway Tony Award for Best Musical
1968 Golden Boy Understudy to
Sammy Davis Jr. London Palladium Touring International Tour
1970 Gurton's Apocalyptic Needle Alternate roles The New Troupe Touring Touring company repertory included:
The Holy Ghostly & Melodrama Play
1970 Don't Call Me Toby Singer/Dancer The New Troupe Touring Touring company
1970-71 No Place to be Somebody Alternate roles Touring Company Touring
1971-73 Jesus Christ Superstar Judas Iscariot Mark Hellinger Theatre Broadway 1972 Tony Award Best Featured Actor in a Musical [nom]
1972-74 Pippin Leading Player Imperial Theater Broadway,
U.S. tour 1973 Tony Award Best Actor in a Musical [winner]
1985 Grind LeRoy Mark Hellinger Theatre Broadway Replacement
1992-93 Jelly's Last Jam Chimney Man Shubert Theater Broadway Replacement
1995-96 A Christmas Carol Actor Madison Square Garden Broadway
1999 Chicago Billy Flynn U.S. & Canada Tour Touring
2001 Fosse Performer Shubert Theater Broadway Replacement
2002 I'm not Rappaport Midge Shubert Theater Broadway,
U.S. tour Revival, Play, Comedy
2003 The Exonerated Actor Off-Broadway Off Broadway
2005-6 Wicked The Wonderful Wizard of Oz Gershwin Theatre Broadway Replacement
Television[edit]
Vereen in 2007
Vereen has also starred in numerous television programs, and is well known for the role of 'Chicken' George Moore in Alex Haley's landmark TV miniseries Roots, for which he received an Emmy nomination in 1977.
Vereen's four-week summer variety series, Ben Vereen ... Comin' At Ya, aired on NBC in August 1975 and featured regulars Lola Falana, Avery Schreiber and Liz Torres.
In 1978, on a Boston Pops TV special, Vereen performed a tribute to Bert Williams, complete with period makeup and attire, and reprising Williams' high-kick dance steps, to vaudeville standards such as "Waitin' for the Robert E. Lee".
In 1981, Vereen performed at Ronald Reagan's first inauguration. The performance generated controversy as Vereen performed the first part of the show in blackface. Before the finale, ABC cut the live performance, generating confusion and anger from viewers at home.[7]
He was cast opposite Jeff Goldblum in the short-lived detective series Tenspeed and Brown Shoe (1980). During the late 1980s and early 1990s, Vereen worked steadily on television with projects ranging from the sitcom Webster to the drama Silk Stalkings.
In 1985, Vereen starred in the Faerie Tale Theatre series as Puss in Boots alongside Gregory Hines. He appeared on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air episode, “Papa’s Got a Brand New Excuse", in which he played Will Smith's biological father, Lou Smith. He made several appearances on the 1980s sitcom Webster as the title character's biological uncle.
He also appeared as Mayor Ben (a leopard) on the children's program Zoobilee Zoo and as Itsy Bitsy Spider in Mother Goose Rock 'n' Rhyme. In 1993 he appeared in the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "Interface", as the father of Roots co-star LeVar Burton's Geordi LaForge - fellow Roots star Madge Sinclair portrayed his wife (Geordi's mother) as well. In Roots, Vereen had played "Chicken George", the grandson of another Burton character, Kunta Kinte.[8] He also appeared on the television series The Nanny episode "Pishke Business". In 2010, he appeared on the television series How I Met Your Mother episodes "Cleaning House" and "False Positive" as Sam Gibbs, the long lost father of James Gibbs, Barney Stinson's brother. He returned in 2013 and 2014 for another two episodes.
Filmography[edit]
The handprints of Ben Vereen in front of Hollywood Hills Amphitheater at Walt Disney World's Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park.
Sweet Charity (1969)
Gas-s-s-s (1971)
Funny Lady (1975)
All That Jazz (1979)
This Boxer Wears a Shirt (1980)
Cycling Through China (1982) (documentary)
Sabine (1982)
The Zoo Gang (1985)
Buy & Cell (1987)
Once Upon a Forest (1993) (voice)
Why Do Fools Fall in Love (1998)
I'll Take You There (1999)
The Painting (2001)
Idlewild (2006)
And Then Came Love (2007)
Tapioca (2007)
Accidental Friendship (2008)
Mama, I Want to Sing! (2011)
Broadway: The Next Generation (2011) (documentary)
Khumba (2013) (voice) Mkhulu the Elder Zebra
Time Out Of Mind (2014) Dixon
Top Five (2014)
Television work[edit]
Ben Vereen... Comin' at Ya (1975) (summer replacement series - only 4 episodes produced)
Louis Armstrong - Chicago Style (1976)
The Muppet Show (1976)
Roots (1977) (miniseries)
The Carol Burnett Show (1977)
The Sentry Collection Presents Ben Vereen: His Roots (1978)
Tenspeed and Brown Shoe (1980) (canceled after 12 episodes)
Pippin: His Life and Times (1981)
The Love Boat (1982)
SCTV 1984
The Charmkins (1983) (voice)
The Jesse Owens Story (1984)
Ellis Island (1984)
Webster (cast member from 1984–1985)
A.D. (1985)
The Magic of David Copperfield VIII: Walking Through the Great Wall of China (1986) (TV special)
Lost in London (1985) roots
Faerie Tale Theatre Puss in Boots (1985)
Zoobilee Zoo (1986–1987)
You Write the Songs (1986–1987)
Jenny's Song (1988)
J.J. Starbuck (cast member in 1988)
Rockin' Through the Decades (1990)
The Kid Who Loved Christmas (1990)
Mother Goose Rock 'n' Rhyme (1990)
Silk Stalkings (cast member from 1991–1993)
Intruders (1992)
Star Trek: The Next Generation: "Interface" (Dr. Edward LaForge, 1993)
Fresh Prince of Bel-Air: "Papa's Got a Brand New Excuse" (Lou Smith, 1994)
The Nanny: "Pishke Business" (1994)
Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman: "Illusions of Grandeur" (Dr. Andre Novak) 1994
Portraits of Courage (1996–1997)
Promised Land (3 episodes in 1999)
The Jamie Foxx Show: "Taps for Royal" (Royal Johnson, 1999)
The Feast of All Saints (2001)
Grey's Anatomy (2007)
Law & Order: Criminal Intent: "Senseless" (Rev. Jeremiah Morris, 2007)
Your Mama Don't Dance (Judge, 2008)
How I Met Your Mother: "Cleaning House", "False Positive", "Mom and Dad" and "The End of the Aisle" (Sam Gibbs, 2010-2014)
NCIS as Lamar Addison (2013)
Hot in Cleveland as Mayor of Cleveland (2 episodes) (2015)
The Rocky Horror Picture Show: Let's Do the Time Warp Again as Dr. Everett von Scott (TV movie, 2016)
Sneaky Pete as Porter (3 episodes) (2017)
Making History (TV series) as Dr. Theodore Anthony Cobell (2017)
Awards[edit]
Theater
1973 Tony Award Best Actor in a Musical: Pippin [winner]
1973 Drama Desk Award Outstanding Performance: Pippin [winner]
1972 Tony Award Best Featured Actor in a Musical: Jesus Christ Superstar [nominee]
1972 Theatre World Award: Jesus Christ Superstar [winner]
Television
1985 Golden Globe: Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Miniseries or Motion Picture Made for Television - Nominee
1976 Golden Globe: New Star of the Year - Actor - Nominee
1977 Emmy: Outstanding Continuing or Single Performance by a Supporting Actor in Variety or Music - Nominee
1977 Emmy: Outstanding Lead Actor for a Single Appearance in a Drama or Comedy Series - Nominee
1992 Emmy: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Special - Nominee
Other
The Community Mental Health Council awarded Vereen with their 2004 Lifeline Celebration Achievement Award. For his humanitarian contributions, he has received a number of awards including Israel’s Cultural and Humanitarian Awards, three NAACP Image Awards, an Eleanor Roosevelt Humanitarian Award and a Victory Award. He has received honorary doctorates from the University of Arizona, Emerson College, St. Francis College, and Columbia College in Chicago. In 2001, Medgar Evers College created the Ben Vereen Scholarship for the Performing Arts, and in 2004, he received an Achievement in Excellence Award from his alma mater, the High School of the Performing Arts.
He was the first simultaneous winner of the “Entertainer of the Year,” “Rising Star,” and “Song and Dance Star” awards from the American Guild of Variety Artists (AGVA). He also earned a coveted spot in the Casino Legends Hall of Fame.
Vereen was nominated for an NAACP Image Award for his performance in the Hallmark movie An Accidental Friendship. In 2004, Vereen was nominated for a “Career Achievement Award” by the Le Prix International Film Star Awards Organization.
In 2011, he was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame.[9]
In 2012, Vereen was inducted into the National Museum of Dance's Mr. & Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Whitney Hall of Fame.
Personal life[edit]
Vereen has appeared as a public speaker and humanitarian speaking on such topics as black history, overcoming adversity, and the importance of continuing education.
In 2007 he was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and has a website in which he shares his personal story along with advice from medical experts.
According to the 'Fayetteville Observer' of April 29, 2006, Vereen learned while applying for a passport in the late 1960s that he was adopted. His birth certificate revealed that his birth name was Benjamin Augustus Middleton, that he was the son of Essie Middleton, and that he was born in Laurinburg, NC. In April 2006, Vereen visited Scotland County with a genealogist on a search for family members and learned that his mother's name was Essie May Pearson. The Laurinburg Exchange reported: "Vereen, an adoptee who learned that he was born in Laurinburg and made a celebrated trip to Scotland County in 2006 to reconnect with family. While on the trip he learned his mother had died 24 years before, but that several relatives still lived in the area." According to her acquaintances, Essie had gone on a trip when Vereen was a child, and had left her baby in someone's care. When she returned, the child was gone. In the April 28, 2006 interview with the 'Laurinburg Exchange', Vereen said that his visit "has just all been so overwhelming ... I've finally found my family".[10] In May 2006, he met his mother's daughter, (his sister), Gloria Walker, of Derby, Connecticut.[11][12][13] He also has a brother, James Middleton, who lives in Tucson, Arizona.
In the early 1980s, Vereen moved with his family to Saddle River, New Jersey.[14] via Associated Press.
His 16-year-old daughter, Naja, was killed in an auto accident in 1987,[15] on the New Jersey Turnpike when a truck overturned on her car.
In 1992, Vereen suffered three accidents in one day, when his car hit a tree causing him to hit his head on the roof of his car, then he suffered a stroke while he was walking on a Malibu highway, apparently veering into the road where he was struck by a car driven by record producer David Foster. His critical injuries (including a broken leg) required him to undergo arduous physical rehabilitation in the ensuing months.[16][17]
Vereen is the godfather of R&B superstar Usher and is also the first cousin once removed of New York Giants running back Shane Vereen. Vereen was the keynote speaker for the Boys & Girls Clubs in St. Petersburg, Florida annual alumni tribute gala held in October 2007.
In August 2011, Vereen was named Co-Artistic Director of Tampa's Broadway Theatre Project.[18]
In September 2012, Vereen filed for divorce from his wife Nancy Bruner Vereen of 36 years citing irreconcilable differences.[19]
He is an active Democrat.[20]
References[edit]
Jump up ^ "Ben Vereen". Retrieved 6 November 2011.
Jump up ^ IBDB
Jump up ^ Dwyer, Jim (29 November 2016). "Ben Vereen's Disappearing Divorce". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ http://www.filmreference.com/film/67/Ben-Vereen.html
Jump up ^ "Ben Vereen Writes About 'Blood Family' in New Book". EURweb. 2011-01-26. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
Jump up ^ Gliatto, Tom (7 December 1992). "The Road Back". People.com. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ L’Official, Pete (6 January 2017). "When Ben Vereen Wore Blackface to Reagan's Inaugural Gala". The New Yorker. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Ben Vereen Biography (Actor/Dancer) —". Infoplease.com. 1946-10-10. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
Jump up ^ Playbill.com Archived September 28, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Lentz, John. "Farr cancels, Vereen in at Putting on the Ritz Nov. 7" Archived August 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. The Laurinburg Exchange, accessed June 11, 2011
Jump up ^ WTNH news
Jump up ^ http://pagesix.com/2016/09/08/ben-vereen-is-revealed-to-be-a-bigamist/
Jump up ^ http://www.people.com/article/ben-vereen-accused-bigamy-spent-36-year-married-two-women
Jump up ^ via Associated Press. "Vereen moving to Saddle River", Daytona Beach Morning Journal, July 15, 1982. Accessed December 17, 2013. "Actor and Singer Ben Vereen is putting down new roots in Saddle River because, he joked Wednesday, the residents 'asked me to move out there to improve the neighborhood.'"
Jump up ^ Gliatto, Tom (1992-12-07). "The Road Back". People.com. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
Jump up ^ "Ben Vereen interview by Chet Cooper". Abilitymagazine.com. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
Jump up ^ "Ben Vereen: Awake, Aware, and Alive". Cabaret.broadwayworld.com. 2007-02-15. Retrieved 2012-01-28.
Jump up ^ Theatremania Press Release for Ben Vereen CoArtistic Director for Tampa's Broadway Project
Jump up ^ "Ben Veeren files for divorce from wife of 36 years". AP. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
Jump up ^ https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1983/05/28/democrats-hope-to-get-6-million-in-telethon/12f1abe7-6358-49b4-ac9a-9934c56751b3/
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ben Vereen.
Ben Vereen at the Internet Broadway Database
Ben Vereen at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
Ben Vereen on IMDb
http://www.lycos.com/info/ben-vereen--sweet-charity.html[permanent dead link]
https://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/stars/vereen_b.html
Ben Vereen Interviewed on XNDTV.com
Angels of Love Spiritual Center (Rev. Ben Vereen, Spiritual Director)
Official website
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Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical
1948–1975
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Phil Silvers (1952)
Thomas Mitchell (1953)
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Rex Harrison (1957)
Robert Preston (1958)
Richard Kiley (1959)
Jackie Gleason (1960)
Richard Burton (1961)
Robert Morse (1962)
Zero Mostel (1963)
Bert Lahr (1964)
Zero Mostel (1965)
Richard Kiley (1966)
Robert Preston (1967)
Robert Goulet (1968)
Jerry Orbach (1969)
Cleavon Little (1970)
Hal Linden (1971)
Phil Silvers (1972)
Ben Vereen (1973)
Christopher Plummer (1974)
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1976–2000
George Rose (1976)
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James Naughton (1997)
Alan Cumming (1998)
Martin Short (1999)
Brian Stokes Mitchell (2000)
2001–present
Nathan Lane (2001)
John Lithgow (2002)
Harvey Fierstein (2003)
Hugh Jackman (2004)
Norbert Leo Butz (2005)
John Lloyd Young (2006)
David Hyde Pierce (2007)
Paulo Szot (2008)
David Alvarez, Trent Kowalik and Kiril Kulish (2009)
Douglas Hodge (2010)
Norbert Leo Butz (2011)
Steve Kazee (2012)
Billy Porter (2013)
Neil Patrick Harris (2014)
Michael Cerveris (2015)
Leslie Odom Jr. (2016)
Ben Platt (2017)
Authority control
WorldCat Identities
VIAF: 75262177
LCCN: n84173839
ISNI: 0000 0001 2037 2395
GND: 1073735923
SUDOC: 080536131
BNF: cb13842627z (data)
MusicBrainz: 3b10f698-7874-473c-b8c1-0060a8b703f1
IATH: w64x59ft
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ben_Vereen&oldid=811659159"
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